cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early wound healing following one-stage dental implant placement with and without antibiotic prophylaxis: a pilot study.

Background: One-stage implant placement has clinically acceptable treatment outcomes. Among other advantages, it may allow investigation of early wound healing. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) can be used to detect early changes around implants placed with one-stage surgical protocol following 1 week of healing.Methods: Twenty subjects (11 males and nine females; aged 22 to 72 years; two smokers) were included. Exclusion criteria were allergies to amoxicillin and systemic conditions that may affect healing. Subjects had a healthy periodontium and needed a single implant; eight received antibiotic prophylaxis, and 12 served as controls. Clinical healing was evaluated with plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI, respectively). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from the surgical site was obtained prior to the surgery, whereas PICF was collected at the 1-week visit. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine GCF/PICF interleukin (IL)-1β ...
The “Soluble” Adenylyl Cyclase in Sperm Mediates Multiple Signaling Events Required for Fertilization

Mammalian fertilization is dependent upon a series of bicarbonate-induced, cAMP-dependent processes sperm undergo as they “capacitate,” i.e., acquire the ability to fertilize eggs. Male mice lacking the bicarbonate- and calcium-responsive soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), the predominant source of cAMP in male germ cells, are infertile, as the sperm are immotile. Membrane-permeable cAMP analogs are reported to rescue the motility defect, but we now show that these “rescued” null sperm were not hyperactive, displayed flagellar angulation, and remained unable to fertilize eggs in vitro. These deficits uncover a requirement for sAC during spermatogenesis and/or epididymal maturation and reveal limitations inherent in studying sAC function using knockout mice. To circumvent this restriction, we identified a specific sAC inhibitor that allowed temporal control over sAC activity. This inhibitor revealed that capacitation is defined by separable events: induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and motility are sAC dependent while acrosomal exocytosis is not dependent on sAC.
Oyez, Oyez, Oyez: The Trials of Teaching the Supreme Court

ments create a provocative dialogue with his on-air performances. 8. Interview in Moscow with Sergei Erofeev (1988). 9. M.M. Bakhtin 1981. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 416-419. 10. Gary Saul Morson, ed. 1986. Bakhtin: Essays and Dialogues on his Work. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 11. I wish to thank Charles Benton for his persistent support of my research and especially for his encouragement of the thinking I have been doing along these lines of creating new forms of television through intercultural production. I am deeply appreciative to the Benton Foundation and the MacArthur
Effects of protein-constrained brood food on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollen foraging and colony growth

Pollen is the sole source of protein for honey bees, most importantly used to rear young. Honey bees are adept at regulating pollen stores in the colonies based on the needs of the colony. Mechanisms for regulation of pollen foraging in honey bee are complex and remain controversial. In this study, we used a novel approach to test the two competing hypothesis of pollen foraging regulation. We manipulated nurse bee biosynthesis of brood food using a protease inhibitor that interferes with midgut protein digestion, significantly decreasing the amount of protein extractable from hypopharyngeal glands. Experimental colonies were given equal amounts of protease inhibitor-treated and untreated pollen. Colonies receiving protease inhibitor treatment had significantly lower hypopharyngeal gland protein content than controls. There was no significant difference in the ratio of pollen to nonpollen foragers between the treatments. Pollen load weights were also not significantly different between treatments. Our results supported the pollen foraging effort predictions generated from the direct independent effects of pollen on the regulation of pollen foraging and did not support the prediction that nurse bees regulate pollen foraging through amount of hypopharyngeal gland protein biosynthesis.
Moving-bed solids flow between two fluidized beds

Abstract A simplified form of the macroscopic momentum balance for two-phase flow is applied to moving-bed solids flow in an inclined pipe connecting two fluidized beds. The resulting equation shows that the gravity force of the material in the pipe is counter-balanced by the pressure drop across the pipe and the wall friction. In order to account for the wall friction, a friction factor analogous to the Fanning friction factor in fluid flow is defined, and a friction factor correlation is established based on the data of Trees [11]. The friction factor is found to be a function of the solids flow rate and the pipe diameter. The flow curves of moving-bed solids were also constructed based on the data of Trees. The resulting straight lines show the power-law type flow behavior of the solids. And from the power law indices, it has been shown that the data fit well with the generalized friction factor correlation by Metzner and Reed [16]. It is also observed that data of different pipe diameters yield separate flow curves, which is unusual for time-independent fluids. However, the possibility that moving-bed solids may be time dependent can be ruled out because data of different pipe lengths do fall on a single line.
Characterization of the genes encoding carbonic anhydrase I of chimpanzee and gorilla: comparative analysis of 5' flanking erythroid- specific promoter sequences

SUMMARY The genes encoding carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) have been characterized for chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). In addition, 44 nucleotides (nt) at the 5’ end of the noncoding first exon (exon la), which is unique to the erythroid CA I mRNA, together with 188 nt of the adjacent 5’ flanking regions, were sequenced for the corresponding positions of the CA I of orangutan, pigtail macaque, and squirrel monkey. When these 5’ flanking regions are compared, along with those published for human and mouse CA I, they were found to contain several conserved sequences that may bind factors involved in the erythroid-specific expression of CA I. Comparisons of the human, chimpanzee, and gorilla coding and noncoding CA Z sequences do not significantly deviate from a pattern of trichotomy for the evolutionary origins of these three hominoid species.
Anticipated compatibility as a function of attitude or status similarity1

Summary Two experiments explored the effects of self-other discrepancies in attitude or status on judgments of another's desirability as a companion It was found that increasing discrepancy in status or attitudes led to lower judgments of compatibility and liking In one experiment, similarity of attitudes of another was found to correlate with liking him, desire to befriend him, do favors for him, and possibly conform to him. The contribution of some personality measures to the relationship between similarity and anticipated compatibility was a major focus of the study The inhibitory effect of a target's status discrepancy was more pronounced for subjects who were more sensitive to rejection Also, between targets of equally discrepant status, there was a general preference to affiliate with the one whose status was higher than the one whose status was lower–an effect which was even more pronounced for subjects who were sensitive to rejection More anxious subjects judged themselves as generally less acceptable to others, particularly to others of higher status. When predicting attitudes on the basis of limited information, females showed a greater tendency than males to see others as similar to themselves Finally, persons holding different attitudes from one's own were judged as more harmful socially, a bias which was more pronounced in females than in males.
A Critical Evaluation of Listening Tests

A r e accurate measures of listening capacity attained during educational assessments? Many diagnosticians, school psychologists, exceptional education teachers, and other school personnel administer listening tests to determine eligibility for placement in exceptional education programs without fully realizing the extent to which tests vary. One test writer's definition of listening capacity is often different from another test writer's, resulting in two completely different measurements of listening capacity. Unless an examiner is aware of the test writer's definition of listening, a true measure of the test taker's ability cannot be attained. This is especially true if the test selected (e.g., recall of numbers) does not directly measure the area in need of examination (e.g., student comprehension of stories). On occasion, learning disabled students are reported as possessing listening deficits when the true problem is the inappropriate selection and interpretation of a test instrument. The intent of this article is to identify three key issues that should be considered any time examiners select and interpret listening instruments—
Daily Symptom Management Practices for Arthritis Used by Older Adults

Objective: This article describes the daily self-management practices of older adults with arthritis and examines the association of symptom experience with the use of self-management behaviors. Me...
Codemeshing in Academic Writing: Identifying Teachable Strategies of Translanguaging

Studies on translanguaging of multilingual students have turned their attention to teachable strategies in classrooms. This study is based on the assumption that it is possible to learn from students' translanguaging strategies while developing their proficiency through a dialogical pedagogy. Based on a classroom ethnography, this article describes the translanguaging strategies of a Saudi Arabian undergraduate student in her essay writing. Her strategies are classified through thematic coding of multiple forms of data: drafts of essay, journals, classroom assignments, peer review, stimulated recall, and member check. The strategies are of 4 types: recontextualization strategies, voice strategies, interactional strategies, and textualization strategies. The study describes how the feedback of the instructor and peers can help students question their choices, think critically about diverse options, assess the effectiveness of their choices, and develop metacognitive awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Purification and Characterization of a Hepatic Mitochondrial Glutathione-S-Transferase Exhibiting Immunochemical Relationship to the α-Class of Cytosolic Isoenzymes

Abstract Hepatic mitochondria from different mammalian species contain varying levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. More than 70% of the activity detectable in the mouse liver mitochondria is associated with the soluble matrix. The mouse mitochondrial matrix GST was purified using a combination of (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sephadex gel filtration and affinity chromatography on glutathione (GSH) conjugated Sepharose. The purified GST comigrates with the mouse cytosolic MI (or α form), and exhibits an apparent molecular mass of 25 kD on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Polyclonal antibody to the purified mitochondrial GST cross-reacted with the similarly migrating cytosolic MI GST, suggesting extensive immunochemical relatedness between these two forms. As previously demonstrated for the cytosolic α form, the mitochondrial GST catalyzes aflatoxin B1-GSH conjugation (6.3 nmol/mg protein/min) and exhibits peroxidase activity (6.7 μmol/mg protein/min). The putative mitochondrial GST only in intact mitochondria, but not in sonic disrupted mitochondria, is resistant to proteolytic digestion with trypsin, demonstrating its intramitochondrial location. Isoelectric focusing on the flat bed polyacrylamide gel system resolves the mitochondrial GST into two distinct components with apparent pI of 9.9 and 9.7, both of which cross-react with polyclonal antibody to the mitochondrial GST. Under the identical conditions, the most cationic form of cytosolic GST cross-reacting intensely with the antibody resolves as a single component with an apparent pI of 9.4. Thus the mitochondrial GST resembles the α family of isoenzymes, though it appears to represent independent molecular species different from the cytosolic forms.
Antidepressant-Like Effects of κ -Opioid Receptor Antagonists in Wistar Kyoto Rats

The Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat strain is a putative genetic model of comorbid depression and anxiety. Previous research showing increased κ-opioid receptor (KOR) gene expression in the brains of WKY rats, combined with studies implicating the KOR in animal models of depression and anxiety, suggests that alterations in the KOR system could have a role in the WKY behavioral phenotype. Here, the effects of KOR antagonists in the forced swim test (FST) were compared with the WKY and the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat strains. As previously reported, WKY rats showed more immobility behavior than SD rats. The KOR antagonists selectively produced antidepressant-like effects in the WKY rats. By contrast, the antidepressant desipramine reduced immobility in both strains. Brain regions potentially underlying the strain-specific effects of KOR antagonists in the FST were identified using c-fos expression as a marker of neuronal activity. The KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine produced differential effects on the number of c-fos-positive profiles in the piriform cortex and nucleus accumbens shell between SD and WKY rats. The piriform cortex and nucleus accumbens also contained higher levels of KOR protein and dynorphin A peptide, respectively, in the WKY strain. In addition, local administration of nor-binaltorphimine directly into the piriform cortex produced antidepressant-like effects in WKY rats further implicating this region in the antidepressant-like response to KOR antagonists. These results support the use of the WKY rat as a model of affective disorders potentially involving KOR overactivity and provide more evidence that KOR antagonists could potentially be used as novel antidepressants.
Comparison of hydrolysis of atriopeptin II stand-in substrate by atrial dipeptidyl carboxyhydrolase and angiotension I-converting enzyme.

We recently found and partially purified a new membrane-bound metallo dipeptidyl dipeptidase from bovine atrial tissue homogenates (Harris, R.B. & Wilson, I.B. (1984) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 233, 667-675). We suggested that this enzyme was capable of cleaving the dipeptide, phenylalanyl-arginine from the C-terminus of atriopeptin II to give atriopeptin I. The atriopeptins are two atrial natriuretic peptides and the existence of the atrial peptide system has implicated the mammalian heart as an endocrine organ. The tetrapeptide benzoyl-glycyl-seryl-phenylalanyl-arginine was synthesized because it contains the C-terminal tripeptide sequence of atriopeptin II and should be useful to test the roles of the atrial enzyme and angiotensin I-converting enzyme in processing the atrial peptides. We found that for the atrial enzyme, Vmax was 13-fold higher and Km 7-fold-lower for this stand-in substrate than for benzoyl-glycyl-histidyl-leucine, a standard substrate used to measure converting enzyme activity. The ratio of Vmax/Km as a measure of substrate specificity indicates that the stand-in substrate is 86-fold better than benzoyl-glycyl-histidyl-leucine. In contrast, the stand-in substrate is a 20-fold poorer substrate for the converting enzyme than benzoyl-glycyl-histidyl-leucine. With the stand-in substrate, the converting enzyme showed pronounced substrate inhibition. An effective Vmax and Km were calculated using only concentrations of S below the optimum substrate concentration. These results confirm that the atrial enzyme is distinct from the converting enzyme. They also suggest that the conversion of atriopeptin II to atriopeptin I is a physiological process that is mediated by this enzyme.
A test of the avalanche runout equations developed by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute

Abstract Equations developed in Norway to predict average gradient (runout distance) from terrain parameters were tested against a sample of North American and Swiss avalanches. Average gradient, α, was predicted within ±2° for about 70% of the cases. Runout distances were generally underestimated for paths with a unique longitudinal profile. A new equation that can handle both the normal and the troublesome profiles was developed from the test data.
Calculation of Event Shape Parameters in e+ e- Annihilation

The results of a perturbative quantum chromodynamic calculation are presented for two event-shape parameters in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation up to order ${{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}}^{2}$. The perturbative correction to the number of three-jet events characterized by the variable $C$ is large.
An algorithm reminiscent of euclidean-gcd for computing a function related to pinwheel scheduling

The functionLM, which arises in the pinwheel scheduling problem, was previously known to be computable in polynomial time. In this paper we present a practical algorithm to computeLM that runs in linear time.
Analysis of Rigid-Body Dynamic Models for Simulation of Systems With Frictional Contacts

The use of Coulomb's friction law with the principles of classical rigid-body dynamics introduces mathematical inconsistencies. Specifically, the forward dynamics problem can have no solutions or multiple solutions. In these situations, compliant contact models, while increasing the dimensionality of the state vector, can resolve these problems. The simplicity and efficiency of rigid-body models, however, provide strong motivation for their use during those portions of a simulation when the rigid-body solution is unique and stable. In this paper, we use singular perturbation analysis in conjunction with linear complementarity theory to establish conditions under which the solution predicted by the rigid-body dynamic model is stable. We employ a general model of contact compliance to derive stability criteria for planar mechanical systems. In particular, we show that for cases with one sliding contact, there is always at most one stable solution. Our approach is not directly applicable to transitions between rolling and sliding where the Coulomb friction law is discontinuous. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce a smooth nonlinear friction law, which approximates Coulomb friction. Such a friction model can also increase the efficiency of both rigid-body and compliant contact simulation. Numerical simulations for the different models and comparison with experimental results are also presented.
A near-optimal joint transmit and receive antenna selection algorithm for MIMO systems

Antenna selection is a low-complexity low-cost alternative for implementing MIMO systems. It was proposed to trade off system hardware cost and system performance by keeping the same number of antennas and using a fewer RF chains. In this paper, we consider the joint transmit and receive antenna selection capacity-maximization problem in MIMO systems. The optimal joint transmit and receive antenna selection could be achieved by exhaustively searching all the transmit and receive antenna subsets. However, its applicability is limited due to the high computational complexity. The existing suboptimal algorithms decouple the selection into transmit antenna selection and receive antenna selection, and exhibit a performance loss compared to the optimal method. We propose JTRAS, a greedy algorithm to jointly select the transmit and receive antennas to maximize the channel capacity. We will demonstrate that JTRAS performs very close to the optimal exhaustive search method and outperforms the existing suboptimal algorithms. We will also investigate the computational complexity of JTRAS and show it is much lower than that of the optimal solution. Capacity performance of our proposed JTRAS algorithm will be provided by simulation.
Radiotherapy for nonadenoid cystic carcinomas of major salivary glands.

Abstract Purpose To report outcomes in patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy for nonadenoid cystic carcinomas of the major salivary glands. Materials and Methods From 1998–2011, 37 patients with nonadenoid cystic carcinomas of the major salivary gland underwent postoperative radiotherapy. The median radiation dose was 60 Gy (range, 45–70 Gy). TNM distribution included T1–2 (n = 16, 44%), T3–T4 (n = 21, 56%), N0 (n = 19, 51%), and N + (n = 18, 49%). Histologies included adenocarcinoma (n = 13, 35%), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 8, 22%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 8, 22%), and other (n = 8, 21%). Median follow-up was 4.7 years for all patients (range, 0.3–14.1 years) and 5.0 years for living patients (range, 1.2–12.2 years). Results Five-year local-regional control, overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were 97%, 76%, and 84%. On univariate analysis, OS was significantly worse for patients ≥ 65 years old (p = 0.04). CSS was significantly worse for positive perineural invasion (p = 0.02), extraparenchymal extension (p = 0.04), and in patients who received no chemotherapy (p = 0.02). Doses > 60 Gy was significantly worse for OS (p = 0.003) and CSS (p = 0.003), although these patients had higher TNM (> T2, p = 0.01) and trended towards a higher rate of extraparenchymal extension (p = 0.08). Four patients (11%) developed ≥ grade 2 toxicities; 3 patients developed early toxicities and one patient developed late toxicities. Conclusions Radiotherapy for salivary gland tumors provides excellent local-regional control when combined with surgery. Distant metastasis is the predominant pattern of failure, although chemotherapy seemed to improve cancer-specific survival.
Strategic Planning for New Presidents: Developing an Entrance Plan

Community colleges are greatly impacted by turbulent external forces while also experiencing turnover in the topmost leadership positions. New presidents must learn how to lead an institution while also planning for purposeful change that will allow the college to thrive. In this article, the authors propose a method for new presidents to develop an entrance plan that will inform the strategic planning process.
Serum and Dialysate Concentrations of Cephalexin Following Repeated Dosing in CAPD Patients

Oral cephalexin, 1 to 2 g daily for 3 days, was given to six stable, noninfected patients receiving maintenance continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The peak serum concentration after a 2 g initial dose was between 73 and 123 mg/L. On the second and third day in five patients who received a 2 g daily oral dose, the serum concentrations were between 35 and 118 mg/L in serum obtained 1 to 1.5 hours after the dosing. Similar serum concentrations were seen in one patient who only received a 1 g oral dose on the second and third day. Cephalexin concentrations in the peritoneal dialysate reached a peak on the first day between 4 to 14 hours after the dose and were between 31 to 78 mg/L. During the second and third day, the highest cephalexin concentration was 118 mg/L and the lowest was 12 mg/L. The data are consistent with the feasibility of oral cephalexin for treatment of CAPD-associated peritonitis with microorganisms that are sensitive to these levels of cephalexin.
Time of replication of genes responsible for a temperature-sensitive function in a cell cycle-specific ts mutant from a hamster cell line.

A method involving short pulses of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (brUdRib) followed by irraidation with 313 nm light was used to locate the time of replication of certain genes during the cell cycle of two cell lines, AF8 and AL106. AF8, a temperature-sensitive mutant of BHK21/13 cells, grows at 33°C but not at 39.5°C. AL106, a hybrid clone of tsAF8 and SV-40 transformed Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts (LNSV), which retains all hamster chromosomes and one human chromosome (No. 3), has the ability to grow at 39.5°C. AF8 and AL106 cells synchronized at the G1-S boundary were released from their block and pulsed with brUdRib for 2-hour periods during the S phase. The cells were subsequently irradiated with 313 nm light. Colony-forming efficiency and revertants frequency were studied. Incorporation of brUdRib during the early S phase (0–4 hours from the begining of S), decreased the colony-forming efficiency of AL106 cells both at 33°C and 39.5°C, and also of AF8 cells at 33°C. No AF8 colonies grew at the nonpermissive temperature regardless of the treatment. Thus the time of replication of genes responsible for colony-forming ability was the same in tsAF8 at the permissive temperature and in AL106 at both temperatures. The time of replication of the genes responsible for the ts function in AF8 cells was located by determining the revertants frequency in synchronized AF8 cells pulsed with brUdRib and irradiated during 1- to 2-hour periods of the S phase. Back-mutants were scored by counting the number of clones capable of growing at 39.5°C (nonpermissive for AF8 cells). The highest frequency of induced back-mutations occurred in synchronized AF8 cells pulsed with brUdRib (and irradiated) between two to four hours from the begining of the S phase. Exposure to brUdRib during other periods of the S phase or during G1 had no effect on the reversion rate. This method can be used to locate the time of replication (in S) of ts genes in other temperature-sensitive mutants or of other specific genes in other conditional mutants.
CNS chemokines, cytokines, and dendritic cells in autoimmune demyelination.

In the human disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), and the animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), chronic or relapsing inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) results in the destruction of the myelin sheath. EAE is induced in laboratory animals by active immunization with myelin proteins [1]. The classic clinical presentation is an ascending paralysis resulting from the interruption of motor and sensory nerve impulses as they travel through demyelinated regions in the spinal cord. Occasionally, ataxia dominates the clinical picture, correlating with lesions in the cerebellum and/or brainstem. In several models, a relapsing, remitting course ensues that is reminiscent of the clinical manifestations experienced by the majority of patients with MS [2]. CD4 + T cells specific for myelin antigens have long been
Deceit detection via online behavioral learning

Behavioral Psychologists generally believe that deception causes physiological reactions such as high blood pressure, increased heart rate, and an increased respiration rate. The physiological reaction is the consequence of arousal that is associated with high-stake deception [1]. A high-stake lie is one told when the person lying stands to get a notable gain, or faces a notable loss by telling the truth.
Immunofluorescence signal amplification by the enzyme‐catalyzed deposition of a fluorescent reporter substrate (CARD)

Progress has been made in improving the immunohistochemical detection of antigens for imaging and flow cytometry. We report the synthesis of a novel fluorescent horseradish peroxidase substrate, Cy3.29-tyramide, and its application in an enzyme-based signal amplification system, catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD). The catalyzed deposition of Cy3.29-tyramide was used to detect cell surface markers such as CD8 and CD25 on tonsil tissue and human lymphocytes. We compared the fluorescence CARD method to standard indirect immunofluorescence detection methods and found that an amplification of up to 15-fold was possible with CARD. The detection of the intracellular protein myosin II in fibroblastic cells and rabbit serum proteins blotted onto nitrocellulose was also improved. Thus, fluorescent CARD is a simple modification that can be made to standard immunofluorescence staining protocols to enhance significantly the detection of antigens.
Constrained Lp-Approximation by Generalized n-Convex Functions Induced by ECT-Systems

Abstract The problem of finding a best L p -approximation (1 ≤ p L p from a special subcone of generalized n -convex functions induced by an ECT-system is considered. Tchebycheff splines with a countably infinite number of knots are introduced and best approximations are characterized in terms of local best approximations by these splines. Various properties of best approximations and their uniqueness in L 1 are investigated. Some special results for generalized monotone and convex cases are obtained.
The effect of dilauroyl-L-3-phosphatidylcholine on the interaction between cytochrome P-450 1A1 and benzo[a]pyrene.

Abstract Fluorescence quenching of benzo[ a ]pyrene (BP) by cytochrome P -450 1A1 was used to probe the effect of the lipid, dilauroyl- l -3-phophatidylcholine, on this substrate-enzyme interaction. In the presence of lipid, a monoclonal antibody to this P -450 maximally inhibited BP binding at an antibody-to- P -450 ratio of 1:2, corresponding to an antibody crosslinked P -450 complex. The antibody did not inhibit BP binding in the absence of lipid. These results indicate that when P -450 is subjected to the orientational constraints imposed by antibody-mediated crosslinking, the lipid alters the conformation or quanternary structure of the P -450 oligomer in a manner which changes its affinity for BP.
A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy and habit reversal as a treatment for trichotillomania

In this study, the combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Habit Reversal (ACT/HR) was evaluated as a treatment for trichotillomania with 6 adults. The effectiveness of ACT/HR was assessed within two separate multiple baseline designs. Self-monitoring data showed that treatment was successful in decreasing the numbers of hairs pulled to near-0 levels for 4 of the 6 participants, with results being maintained for 3 of the 4 participants at the 3-month follow-up. These findings were confirmed with ancillary measures. The treatment was found to be acceptable by all participants.
Bias in land cover change estimates due to misregistration

Land cover change may be overestimated due to positional error in multi-temporal images. To assess the potential magnitude of this bias, we introduced random positional error to identical classified images and then subtracted them. False land cover change ranged from less than 5% for a 5-class AVHRR classification, to more than 33% for a 20-class Landsat TM classification. The potential for false change was higher with more classes. However, false change could not be reliably estimated simply by number of classes, since false change varied significantly by simulation trial when class size remained constant. Registration model root mean squared (rms) error may underestimate the actual image co-registration asccuracy. In simulations with 5 to 50 ground control locations, the mean model rms error was always less than the actual population rms error. The model rms error was especially unreliable when small sample sizes were used to develop second order rectification models. We introduce a bootstrap resampling...
An integrated model of the economic effects of right-to-work laws

This study derives an empirical model which simultaneously traces the effect of Right-to-Work laws on the worker’s decision to join the union, the union’s decision to set the wage rate, and the firm’s decision to employ inputs. The model identifies two channels through which Right-to-Work laws affect these decisions: the wage effect and the productivity effect. Our results show that RTW laws tend to affect economic decisions through the wage effect, because the effect of RTW laws on productivity is small in most states.
Control of time-delay systems [Book reviews]

Review by Arild Thowsen. The Institution of Electrical Engineers published the first volume of its Control Engineering Series in 1976. The present book by J.E. Marshall is the tenth and latest volume in this continuing series intended for postgraduate students and professional control engineers. The purpose of this introductory text on control of timedelay systems is, according to the author, "to present a systematic account of the control methods available for timedelay systems, and in particular, to indicate how, in most cases, these techniques may be derived by extension of the control techniques already well established for delay-free systems." The book consists of 11 chapters, a list of 112 cited references, another list of 102 references not cited in the text, and a set of 11 exam problems with solutions and/or hints used by the author at the University of Bath. Overall, the book provides a good overview of past work on the control of delay systems modeled by G(s)e-ST. Due to the extensive scope of coverage, however, desired depth and detail of presentation have occasionally been sacrificed. The book can serve well as a text for an introductory course on delay system and is a welcomed addition to the small but growing literature on the subject. For self-study, e.g., by practicing engineers, the many misprints and errors, including sign errors, missing constants, undefmed symbols, etc., limit its utility. It is unfortunate that these mistakes, which detract from the clarity of presentation, were not corrected prior to publication.
Role of MgO over γ-Al2O3-supported Pd catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

Abstract A series of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with varying Mg loading (1, 3, 7 and 10 wt%) were investigated for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. It was observed that the initial catalytic activities and long-term stabilities in terms of both CO2 and CH4 conversions increased with increasing Mg content when its loading was below 7 wt%. When Mg content was up to 10 wt%, the initial activity and stability decreased. Moreover, Pd7Mg/Al2O3 displayed the highest H2 and CO yields. Characterization results conducted on catalysts before and after reaction test demonstrated that MgO mainly presented in amorphous form for catalysts with additive content below 7 wt%; while a fraction of MgO transformed into crystalline form when more additive was introduced to the catalyst. The amorphous MgO significantly enhanced surface metal dispersion, decreased average Pd crystallite size and thus improved resistances against both metal sintering and carbon deposition, which contributed to the enhanced initial activities and long-term stabilities. On the contrary, the crystalline MgO decreased exposed Pd active sites, caused metal sintering and thus led to increased amount of carbon deposition owing to both its negative decoration effect on surface metal and deterioration effect on textural characteristics of support. These factors were responsible for the worse catalytic performance of Pd10Mg/Al2O3 as compared to that of Pd7Mg/Al2O3.
On Justice as Equality

A critical reexamination of the equity theory conception of justice is presented; the alternative, justice as equality, is introduced and examined, utilizing both theoretical and empirical materials to develop the argument. The implications of these two alternate perspectives on justice are examined with emphasis on the sociohistorical roots and present support for what is presumably a psychological principle i.e., equity is the natural preferred state of human relationships. The role of social psychological research and theory in contributing to the existing system of support for the equity conception is noted, as is the potential value that derives from a serious consideration of conditions conducive to the alternative conception of relationships as based on equity.
Processing and properties of nanophase SiC/Si3N4 composites

Abstract Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is currently the premier ceramic material for high-stress, high-temperature applications such as gas turbines, turbochargers, and engine valves. The incorporation of nanophase SiC into Si3N4 has been shown to improve the mechanical performance and is reviewed in this paper along with the currently accepted hypotheses for the improvement in properties. An improved method for synthesizing composite nanophase SiC/α-Si3N4 powders by carbothermal nitridation is presented along with a comparison of the processing and properties of nanophase composites obtained from conventional mixed powders and from these carbothermally produced composite powders. It is shown that the composite powders offer a very attractive and versatile process for producing nanophase composites in this system. Finally, research needs in the area are addressed for producing high-quality, low-cost nanocomposite materials. Multi-disciplinary teams having expertise in both synthesis and processing best carry out the research.
Collisional effects on molecular dynamics in electronic-resonance-enhanced CARS

The role of collisional decay on the evolution of molecular coherence and excited-state population in an electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) configuration is studied. A four-level model scheme is proposed and a density-matrix equation is derived to determine the system evolution. It is shown that even for significantly large collisional decays, a suitable (rather strong) probe-laser intensity prevents significant depletion of the excited-state population and enhances the ground-state coherence. A physical understanding is developed for the reported insensitivity [Roy et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 104105] of the ERE-CARS signal to the rate of collisional decay at the excited electronic level.
ortho-Phenylene oligomers with terminal push–pull substitution

ortho-Phenylenes are an emerging class of helical oligomers and polymers. We have synthesized a series of push–pull-substituted o-phenylene oligomers (dimethylamino/nitro) up to the octamer. Conformational analysis of the hexamer using a combination of low-temperature NMR spectroscopy and ab initio predictions of 1H NMR chemical shifts indicates that, like other o-phenylenes, they exist as compact helices in solution. However, the substituents are found to have a significant effect on their conformational behavior: the nitro-functionalized terminus is 3-fold more likely to twist out of the helix. Protonation of the dimethylamino group favors the helical conformer. UV/vis spectroscopy indicates that the direct charge-transfer interaction between the push–pull substituents attenuates quickly compared to other conjugated systems, with no significant charge-transfer band for oligomers longer than the trimer. On protonation of the dimethylamino group, significant bathochromic shifts with increasing oligomer length are observed: the effective conjugation length is 9 repeat units, more than twice that of the parent oligomer. This behavior may be rationalized through examination of the frontier molecular orbitals of these compounds, which exhibit greater delocalization after protonation, as shown by DFT calculations.
A comparison of two varying coefficient meta-analysis methods for an average risk difference

Two interval estimation methods for a general linear function of binomial proportions have been proposed. One method [Zou GY, Huang W, Zhang X. A note on confidence interval estimation for a linear function of binomial proportions. Comput Statist Data Anal. 2009;53:1080–1085] combines Wilson interval estimates of individual proportions, and the other method [Price RM, Bonett DG. An improved confidence interval for a linear function of binomial proportions. Comput Statist Data Anal. 2004;45:449–456] uses an adjusted Wald interval. Both methods are appropriate in varying coefficient meta-analysis models where the risk differences are allowed to vary across studies. The two methods were compared in a simulation study under realistic meta-analysis conditions and the adjusted Wald method was found to have the best performance characteristics.
Response of Nitrosospira sp. Strain AF-Like Ammonia Oxidizers to Changes in Temperature, Soil Moisture Content, and Fertilizer Concentration

Very little is known regarding the ecology of Nitrosospira sp. strain AF-like bacteria, a unique group of ammonia oxidizers within the Betaproteobacteria. We studied the response of Nitrosospira sp. strain AF-like ammonia oxidizers to changing environmental conditions by applying molecular methods and physiological measurements to Californian grassland soil manipulated in the laboratory. This soil is naturally high in Nitrosospira sp. strain AF-like bacteria relative to the much-better-studied Nitrosospira multiformis-like ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Increases in temperature, soil moisture, and fertilizer interacted to reduce the relative abundance of Nitrosospira sp. strain AF-like bacteria, although they remained numerically dominant. The overall abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria increased with increasing soil moisture and decreased with increasing temperature. Potential nitrification activity was altered by interactions among temperature, soil moisture, and fertilizer, with activity tending to be higher when soil moisture and temperature were increased. The increase in potential nitrification activity with increased temperature was surprising, given that the overall abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria decreased significantly under these conditions. This observation suggests that (i) Nitrosospira sp. strain AF-like bacteria may respond to increased temperature with an increase in activity, despite a decrease in abundance, or (ii) that potential nitrification activity in these soils may be due to organisms other than bacteria (e.g., archaeal ammonia oxidizers), at least under conditions of increased temperature.
Men’s childhood sexual abuse histories by one-parent versus two-parent status of childhood home

Objectives: To estimate the association between number of parents in the childhood home and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) with adjustment for childhood socioeconomic status (CSES). Methods: Probability sample of 298, 18–49-year-old men from Philadelphia County, number of parents living in childhood home, socioeconomic data and CSA histories were obtained. Results: 197 (66%) men participated. 186 (94%) of these lived with at least one parent; 76 (39%) and 110 (56%) lived with one parent versus two parents, respectively. 22 (29%) of 76 and 18 (16%) of 110 reported CSA histories, respectively (OR 2.08, p = 0.04). Two approaches to adjustment for CSES indicated continued association between parent number and CSA (OR 2.38–2.39, p = 0.05–0.07). Parent number was associated with numerous differences in CSA perpetrator characteristics and abuse experiences. Men from one-parent versus two-parent families reported significantly more non-family and female perpetrators (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively) and fondling experiences (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Findings provide additional support for the association between parent number and CSA in boys, suggesting that parent number is not just a proxy for CSES. CSA experiences also differed between one-parent and two-parent homes. Findings generate numerous hypotheses for future study.
A 19-Month Record of Marine Aerosol–Cloud–Radiation Properties Derived from DOE ARM Mobile Facility Deployment at the Azores. Part I: Cloud Fraction and Single-Layered MBL Cloud Properties

A 19-month record of total and single-layered low (,3km), middle (3‐6km), and high (.6km) cloud fractions (CFs) and the single-layered marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties was generated from ground-based measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Azores site between June 2009 and December 2010. This is the most comprehensive dataset of marine cloud fraction and MBL cloud properties. The annual means of total CF and single-layered low, middle, and high CFs derived from ARM radar and lidar observations are 0.702, 0.271, 0.01, and 0.106, respectively. Greater total and single-layered high (.6km) CFs occurred during the winter, whereas singlelayered low (,3km) CFs were more prominent during summer. Diurnal cycles for both total and low CFs were stronger during summer than during winter. The CFs are bimodally distributed in the vertical with a lower peak at ;1km and a higher peak between 8 and 11km during all seasons, except summer when only the low peak occurs. Persistent high pressure and dry conditions produce more single-layered MBL clouds and fewer total clouds during summer, whereas the low pressure and moist air masses during winter generate more total and multilayered clouds, and deep frontal clouds associated with midlatitude cyclones. The seasonal variations of cloud heights and thickness are also associated with the seasonal synoptic patterns. The MBL cloud layer is low, warm, and thin with large liquid water path (LWP) and liquid water content (LWC) during summer, whereas during winter it is higher, colder, and thicker with reduced LWP and LWC. The cloud LWP and LWC values are greater at night than during daytime. The monthly mean daytime cloud droplet effective radius re values are nearly constant, while the daytime droplet number concentration Nd basically follows the LWC variation. There is a strong correlation between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration NCCN and Nd during January‐May, probably due to the frequent low pressure systems because upward motion brings more surface CCN to cloud base (well-mixed boundary layer). During summer and autumn, the correlation between Nd and NCCN is not as strong as that during January‐May because downward motion from high pressure systems is predominant. Compared to the compiled aircraft in situ measurements during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX), the cloud microphysical retrievals in this study agree well with historical aircraft data. Different air mass sources over the ARM Azores site have significant impacts on the cloud microphysical properties and surface CCN as demonstrated by great variability in NCCN and cloud microphysical properties during some months.
Cultural Factors and Family-Based HIV Prevention Intervention for Latino Youth

Latino youth are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States and are at considerable risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), given that they have an earlier onset of sexual activity and use condoms less consistently than European American adolescents. Theorists and scholars have emphasized the importance of taking culture into account in sexuality interventions with Latino adolescents, yet few culturally tailored interventions have been developed for this population. Given the emphasis on familismo and collectivism among Latinos, family-based programs are likely to be well received and could contribute to long-term maintenance of adolescent safety. In this synthesis of the relevant literature, cultural factors that have been identified as relevant to Latino sexuality are reviewed and implications for family-based intervention with Latinos are addressed.
The New Class and Capitalism: A Three-and-Three-Thirds-Class Model

This paper represents an effort to clarify some of the confusion surrounding current discussion of the New Class of professional administrators, scientists, intellectuals and technicians that forms an integral part of advanced capitalist systems. A three-and-three-thirds-class model is developed and employed to explain how this class can be united ideologically but divided politically. Historical evidence is then presented to show how members of the New Class used ideological arguments to gain political support during the years 1900-1920.