cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of dietary fat and protein levels fed to Syrian hamsters early in life, on blood chemistry throughout life

Nine experimental diets, composed of three levels of protein as casein (9, 18 and 36 g/385 Kcal) and three levels of fat as corn oil (4.5, 9.0, and 18.0 g/385 Kcal), were fed to weanling Syrian hamsters from 3–8 weeks of age. The control diet, consisting of the medium levels of casein and corn oil, was fed for the remainder of life. Blood was collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months for analysis of several indicators of nutritional status. Whole blood hemoglobin rose between 0 and 3 months, and then declined. Female values were lower than those of males, and the high fat diet increased hemoglobin at 6 months (5 months after the diet change). High protein diets increased hemoglobin values at 1 month, and decreased hemoglobin at 18 months. Serum triglycerides declined with age to 12 months. Feeding high protein diets resulted in the highest circulating triglycerides at 1 month and the lowest at 18 months. Feeding the high fat diets resulted in elevated triglycerides at 1 and 3 months. Plasma glucose levels increased between weaning and 6 months, then declined to 12 months. High fat diets led to elevated plasma glucose at 1, 3 and 6 months in animals fed the high protein levels, but at only 1 and 6 months in animals fed the low levels of protein. Serum albumin was consistently higher in male hamsters, and serum globulins in the females. Changes in the serum protein fractions with age differed for each of the fractions. Serum alpha one globulins increased with dietary protein, and serum beta globulins increased with dietary fat at 1 month.
Optimum tissue culture conditions for selection of resistance to Phytophtora cinnamomi in pine callus tissue.

The present experimentation compared the best nutrient medium, temperature, and growth hormones for callus induction and growth of various pine species from different seed sources with their effect on growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi. Callus tissues maintained on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 10−5M 2,4-D at 26°C in the dark optimized the expression of differential resistance when inoculated with hyphae of P. cinnamomi. High concentration of 2,4-D (5×10−5M) inhibited growth of P. cinnamomi.
Mechanical instability of the oxy-form of sickle haemoglobin.

MUCH attention has been given to the molecular aspects of the deoxy form of sickle haemoglobin (Hb S) because sickling occurs with Hb S in the deoxygenated state. The oxy form of Hb S, on the other hand, is believed to be similar to normal adult haemoglobin (Hb A) with respect to solubility1,2, X-ray diffraction pattern3, oxygen binding4 and other properties. During determination of oxygen equilibrium curves of Hb S, we noticed that a solution of oxyhaemoglobin S became turbid very easily when it was stirred or mixed. The turbidity was found to be due to protein which was denatured by the mechanical force involved and/or by foaming. Oxyhaemoglobin S denatured more quickly than oxyhaemoglobin A by mixing, stirring or sonication. The rate of denaturation was dependent on the oxygen concentration in the medium, suggesting that an oxidative process was involved. As demonstration of denaturation requires only a few drops of blood, water and shaking, this property can be used as a simple clinical test for the presence of Hb S.
The influence of the support on the catalytic behavior of ruthenium in COH2 synthesis reactions

The support material, including carbon, silica, alumina, and particularly titania, on the activity and the selectivity of ruthenium catalysts in the CO hydrogenation reaction was reported. The nature of the interaction between the support and the Ru crystallites is unclear. Alumina and silica supports do not alter turnover frequencies and molecular weight distributions markedly although alumina does not increase the olefin/paraffin ratio to some extent. Carbon strongly shifts selectivity toward methane formation and also reduces specific activity. Ozaki and coworkers found that carbon-supported ruthenium was much less active than alumina- or silica-supported ruthenium in the ammonia synthesis reaction. Apparently the same trend may exist for the hydrogenation of these two isoelectronic molecules - CO and N/sub 2/, with carbon supports reducing the catalytic activity of ruthenium in these reactions. 4 tables.
Pronunciation and number of alternatives in verbal-discrimination learning

Sixteen item lists in which half of the items were two-alternative and half were four-alternative items were presented to S s in a study-test verbal-discrimination paradigm. On study trials S s in one condition overtly pronounced two-alternative items twice and four alternative items once, and then pronounced the correct alternative once when it was indicated. In another condition no overt pronunciation was required. Four-alternative items were learned faster and with fewer errors than two-alternative items, and there was no significant effect of or interactions with pronunciation. The results were discussed in terms of a relative frequency discrimination theory of verbal discrimination learning.
Consequences of early snowmelt in Rocky Mountains

Snow melted significantly earlier in the Rocky Mountains in 2012 than in previous years, with serious consequences for plants and animals, scientists reported at the AGU Fall Meeting. David Inouye of the University of Maryland, College Park, and the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory said that “the timing of winter's end is changing.” He has been observing snowmelt dates and flowering of plants at a site at 2900 meters altitude. This year's snowmelt occurred 23 April, whereas the previous year, snow melted 19 June, he reported.
Second harmonic generation in nematic liquid crystals

Due to inversion symmetry, uniform nematic liquid crystals do not show second harmonic generation (SHG) in the bulk. The inversion symmetry may be broken by spatial variation of the director field. We have studied SHG in nematic cells with spatially periodic distortions of the director field. Cells were constructed with optically patterned alignment layers on the cell walls, and filled with the liquid crystal E7. Using 35 ps pulses from a mode-locked Nd:YAG laser at 1.06 microns, we observed bulk SHG, and measured the intensity and polarization of the SH signal as a function of angle, pump polarization and temperature. We propose a simple model for the symmetry breaking polarization and the resulting SHG, and consider phase matching in inhomogeneous periodic birefringent media.
New directions in computational mechanics

Abstract A few areas of computation mechanics are identified in which considerable progress has occurred and continued extension and refinement are anticipated. In particular, some recent results are presented of calculations performed with general purpose large-scale nonlinear finite element programs. Recent progress in the development of finite element methods for fluids is described. Examples of adaptive refinement and “SUPG” type methods are presented. The ideas emanating from finite elements in fluids are now having some impact on solids and structures. Examples of new element technology for kinematically constrained media and space-time formulations in elastodynamics are presented.
System Sensitivity of Multi-Level 16-QAM and QPSK to Transmitter Imperfections in Different Modulator Designs

The impact imperfections have on two modulators capable of generating arbitrary-quadrature-waveforms is determined. Power penalties are generated for 16-QAM and QPSK for various imperfections showing increased tolerance in the single-dual-drive design and in 16-QAM.
Report of Coordinating Committee on Hydrology between the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and the American Geophysical Union, 1940-41

The Committee wishes to call to the attention of members of the Section of Hydrology, American Geophysical Union, the following projects that are being worked on by members of the Committee on Hydrology of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. (1) The Index entitled, “Instruments commercially available for use in the study of hydrology and meteorology” was discussed in the 1940-report of this Committee. This Index has been brought up-to-date by Mr. Pomerene, member of the Committee on Hydrology.
The art and design of genetic screens: zebrafish

Inventive genetic screens in zebrafish are revealing new genetic pathways that control vertebrate development, disease and behaviour. By exploiting the versatility of zebrafish, biological processes that had been previously obscured can be visualized and many of the responsible genes can be isolated. Coupled with gene knockdown and overexpression technologies, and small-molecule-induced phenotypes, genetic screens in zebrafish provide a powerful system by which to dissect vertebrate gene function and gene networks.
PSPACE SURVIVES CONSTANT-WIDTH BOTTLENECKS

We discuss the relationship between constant-width branching programs and a hierarchy of languages lying between P and PSPACE. We introduce a notion of serializability. A computation is -serializable if it can be organized into a sequence of local computations, c1, c2,…, cr, each of limited power (imposed by the complexity class ), each passing only a few bits of information (a bottleneck) as the result of its computation to the next local computation. By an application of Barrington’s method on branching programs we show that PSPACE is LOGSPACE-serializable with a constant-width bottleneck.
Necessary conditions for optimality for a distributed optimal control problem

This paper presents a novel optimal control problem formulation and new optimality conditions, referred to as distributed optimal control, for systems comprised of many dynamic agents that can each be described by the same ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The macroscopic system performance is represented by an integral cost function of a restriction operator comprised of the probability density function of the individual agents' state variables, and of their control laws. It is shown that, under proper assumptions, the macroscopic cost can be optimized subject to a hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) that describes the evolution of the macroscopic state over larger spatial and temporal scales. This methodology extends the capabilities of optimal control to complex systems described by numerous interacting dynamical systems. The approach is demonstrated on a simulated network of distributed sensors installed on autonomous underwater vehicles, and deployed to provide track coverage over a region of interest.
THE HYPERACTIVE CHILD SYNDROME

A detailed description of the syndrome was obtained by comparing the life histories of 37 hyperactive children of relatively normal intelligence and aged five to eleven, with the histories of a like number of control children.
Blood culturing practices in a trauma intensive care unit: does concurrent antibiotic use make a difference?

Background Febrile trauma patients have repeated blood cultures drawn during a prolonged hospitalization. We examined the diagnostic yield of blood cultures in severely injured patients to determine whether concurrent antimicrobial therapy or prophylactic administration of antibiotics affects blood culture growth. We also determined how rapidly growth changed to determine whether total numbers of blood cultures could be decreased. The hypotheses of the study were that concurrent antimicrobial administration affects blood culture yield, prophylactic administration alters the culture result, and repetitive culturing is unnecessary. Methods A retrospective chart review of trauma patients with minimum Injury Severity Score of 15 and minimum 5-day intensive care unit length of stay was performed. The dates and results of blood cultures and antibiotic type and administration dates were recorded. "Prophylactic" antibiotics were defined as antibiotics administered on admission to the unit. Computer software was used to match the blood culture date to the period of antimicrobial administration. Categorical data were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results Two hundred fifty-eight patients met entry criteria, and 208 charts were complete for review. One hundred twenty-nine patients had 347 sets of blood cultures drawn. The positive blood culture rate was 10.8% in patients off antibiotics, and 13.9% in patients on antibiotics (p = 0.68). All prophylactic antibiotics included a beta-lactam. Only 18% of positive blood cultures in patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics were sensitive to beta-lactams as opposed to 59% sensitivity in those who did not receive prophylaxis (p = 0.03). One hundred seventy-six sets of blood cultures were performed after an initial positive culture. Only three patients with an initial positive culture had a second positive culture with a different organism. The mean time to culturing a new organism after initial growth was 19 days. Conclusion Concurrent antimicrobial administration does not alter blood culture yield. Prophylactic administration alters the type of organism cultured. Little new information is gained from repetitive culturing.
THE REMOVAL OF INTERNAL POROSITY IN COPPER

Observations on the removal of internal porosity in copper have shown the importance of grain boundaries in the sintering process. Grain boundaries act as strong vacancy sinks in contrast to twin boundaries and dislocations, which apparently do not absorb a large number of vacancies. It is concluded that, in copper, the mechanism of sintering is that of the diffusion of vacancies to the grain boundaries, where they are destroyed by the progressive removal of planes of atoms adjacent to the boundaries.
The bonding nature of individual C60 molecules to Si(100) surfaces

molecules, adsorbed on Si(100)–(2×1) surfaces under ultra-high-vacuum conditions, can be obtained using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. High-resolution images of individual C60 molecules, physisorbed (preannealed) and chemisorbed (postannealed) on different sites on the same sample, reveal clear intramolecular features superimposed on the molecules’ cage structure that are consistent with their bonding nature. Spectroscopic measurements of individual C60 molecules chemisorbed at these sites yield energy levels that exhibit a transition of their electronic structure from that of a near-free adsorbate to that of SiC. The spectroscopic data corresponds to the observed changes in local density of states. These results demonstrate the power of scanning tunneling microscopy to determine the electronic structure and bonding characteristics of individual molecules.
Role of Niemann-Pick Type C1 Protein in Intracellular Trafficking of Low Density Lipoprotein-derived Cholesterol *

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a disease that affects intracellular cholesterol-trafficking pathways. By cloning the hamster ortholog of NPC1, we identified the molecular lesions in two independently isolated Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants, CT60 and CT43. Both mutants lead to premature translational terminations of the NPC1 protein. Transfecting hamster NPC1cDNA complemented the defects of the mutants. Investigation of the CT mutants, their parental cells, and an NPC1-stable transfectant allow us to present evidence that NPC1 is involved in a post-plasma membrane cholesterol-trafficking pathway. We found that the initial movement of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol to the plasma membrane (PM) did not require NPC1. After reaching the PM and subsequent internalization, however, cholesterol trafficking back to the PM did involve NPC1. Both LDL-derived cholesterol and cholesterol originating from the PM accumulated in a dense, intracellular compartment in the CT mutants. Cholesterol movement from this compartment to the PM or endoplasmic reticulum was defective in the CT mutants. Our results functionally distinguish the dense, intracellular compartment from the early endocytic hydrolytic organelle and imply that NPC1 is involved in sorting cholesterol from the intracellular compartment back to the PM or to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Small-angle neutron scattering characterization of processing/microstructure relationships in the sintering of crystalline and glassy ceramics

Small-angle neutron scattering measurements were used to examine the pore microstructure evolution of glassy silica and polycrystalline alpha-alumina as a function of sintering. It was shown that the two major sintering mechanisms, viscous flow and surface and volume diffusion, lead to very different microstructure evolution signatures in terms of the average pore size as a function of density. However, with respect to topology, the evolution of the porosity per unit surface area as a function of density is remarkably similar in the two systems.
Latency to initiate locomotion elicited by stimulation of the diencephalon positively correlates in awake and anesthetized rats.

Locomotor stepping can be elicited by brain stimulation at various diencephalic sites under moderate levels of Nembutal. This study determined if locomotor initiation measured under anesthesia provides a valid measure of the intersite factors which determine initiation in the awake condition. We compared the latencies to initiate locomotor stepping elicited by electrical stimulation (50 microA, 0.5-msec pulses, 10 to 160 Hz) by rats tested while awake and unrestrained in a rotary runway or anesthetized and held in a stereotaxic apparatus. In the latter tests, initial anesthesia was provided by Nembutal (25 mg/kg) and 2% halothane and maintenance anesthesia was provided by 7 mg/kg as needed and local injections of lidocaine. For 30 sites in 16 rats, average locomotor initiation latency in the awake condition and the shortest latencies in the anesthetized condition were positively correlated (r = .78). Locomotion at sites with long latencies in the awake condition was frequently blocked in the anesthetized condition, but sites with short latencies were rarely blocked. The results indicate that the shortest locomotor latencies in the anesthetized condition approximate the latencies measured in the awake condition. It is concluded that the anesthetized condition can provide valid initiation measures, but sites with long latencies in the awake condition are prone to depression under anesthesia.
Bifunctional Catalysis and Apparent Stereoelectronic Control in Hydrolysis of Cyclic Imidatonium Ions

To test stereoelectronic control in cleavage of tetrahedral intermediates, cyclic imidatonium ions were hydrolyzed in buffered aqueous media. In carbonate buffer >97% amino ester was observed, as previously reported. However, in borate buffers 65−91% hydroxy amide was observed from five-membered-ring imidatonium ions, except for a highly alkylated one. Selectivity is attributed to leaving-group ability. Stereoelectronic control does operate in six-membered rings but provides only 2 kcal/mol toward rate acceleration. Production of amino ester in carbonate buffers is due to the bifunctional nature of bicarbonate ion and thus cannot be used to support a large stereoelectronic contribution. The geometrical requirements for bifunctional catalysis further imply the intermediacy of conformations counter to stereoelectronic control.
Decoupling sparse coding of SIFT descriptors for large-scale visual recognition

In recent years, sparse coding has drawn considerable research attention in developing feature representations for visual recognition problems. In this paper, we devise sparse coding algorithms to learn a dictionary of basis functions from Scale- Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors extracted from images. The learned dictionary is used to code SIFT-based inputs for the feature representation that is further pooled via spatial pyramid matching kernels and fed into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for object classification on the large-scale ImageNet dataset. We investigate the advantage of SIFT-based sparse coding approach by combining different dictionary learning and sparse representation algorithms. Our results also include favorable performance on different subsets of the ImageNet database.
Improving quality of life in old age: The role of regular physical activity

Physical activity in old age has been shown to produce considerable physiological, psychological and social benefits. However, many older adults take very little exercise. Lack of facilities or meaningful role models together with social and cultural expectations concerning the appropriateness of physical activity for older adults have been cited as reasons for lack of involvement. The development of intergenerational programs is suggested as a potential means of increasing the proportion of older individuals who participate in regular physical exercise.
The Effect of the Assignment of a Pre-Sedation Target Level on Procedural Sedation Using Propofol

Abstract The goal of this study was to determine if there is a difference in the achieved depth of sedation, the rate of respiratory depression, procedural difficulty, or patient perceived pain or recall between patients randomized to a pre-procedural target sedation level of moderate or deep procedural sedation using propofol during the reduction of fractures and dislocations in the Emergency Department (ED). This was a randomized, prospective study of adults undergoing procedural sedation (PS) with propofol for fracture or dislocation reduction in the ED between July 2003 and March 2004. Patients were randomized to a target sedation level of moderate or deep, using American Society of Anesthesiologists’ definitions. Doses, vital signs, nasal end tidal CO2 (ETCO2), pulse oximetry, and bispectral EEG analysis (BIS) scores were recorded. Respiratory depression was defined as a change in ETCO2 >10, an oxygen saturation of
Electron Transfer Photochemistry of Geraniol and (E,E)-Farnesol. A Novel “Tandem”, 1,5-Cyclization, Intramolecular Capture

The electron transfer photoreaction between 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and (E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol (geraniol, (E)-1) in dichloromethane produces mainly cis-2-(2-propenyl)-trans-5-methylcyclopentanemethanol, cis,trans-3, whereas irradiation of acetonitrile solutions of 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCB) and (E)-1 forms mainly two trans-fused 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes (4, R = H; 5, R = p-C6H4CN). Analogous results are observed in the photoreaction of farnesol ((E,E)-2) with DCB in the presence of phenanthrene as cosensitizer. The photoreaction of DCB with 1 or 2 has sufficient driving force (ΔG = −0.7 eV in acetonitrile) for the generation of solvent-separated radical ion pairs (SSRIPs); in contrast, the marginal driving force (ΔG ≈ 0 eV) of the DCA sensitized reaction allows only the formation of contact radical ion pairs (CRIPs). The resulting radical cations react by five-center C−C cyclization, yielding di-tertiary, 2,α-bifunctional methylidenecyclopentyl radical cations, cis- or trans-B•+. Subseque...
a reinterpretation of color nomenclature systems1

Encoding and decoding are related aspects of communication both influenced by the relative frequencies of referent attributes according to a Bayesian probability model. The model explains why labels communicate well about referents that do not typify them, why, for instance, “RED” can be used to talk about hair colors that are not bright red. When considered from the standpoint of communicative efficiency, labels impart more information when applied to atypical than to typical referents. This interpretation of the “meaning” of labels has implications for language evolution. These ideas are illustrated through an analysis of color naming in which coding is seen as a kind of communications channel.
Use of the MMPI in predicting psychotherapeutic persistence in groups of male and female outpatients

Attempted to predict therapeutic persistence, as measured by the total number of sessions attended, with the MMPI. High persisters were defined as patients who attended six or more sessions, while low persisters were patients who attended fewer than six sessions. Ss were 360 (180 high persisting, 180 low persisting) female outpatients and 204 (102 high persisting, 102 low persisting) male outpatients. All groups were divided into equal halves in order to allow for cross-validation of three separate discriminant functions: One for males, one for females, and one for the entire sample (male + female). Cross-validation revealed that only the discriminant function for males achieved a classification accuracy (60%) greater than chance expectations. A series of biserial correlations indicated that male persisters tended to be less defensive while experiencing greater distress and that female persisters tended to be more introverted and less impulsive relative to their respective low-persisting counterparts.
Synthesis of (E)-4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol-bovine serum albumin conjugate: a novel hapten-protein conjugate

Abstract The synthesis of a novel hapten-carrier protein conjugate, ( E )-4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol-bovine serum albumin (coniferyl alcohol-BSA), is described. This method is particularly useful for the synthesis of monolignol-protein conjugates by linking β-C of monolignol side-chain and the amino group of protein through a -CH 2 CO- linker. Coniferyl alcohol-BSA conjugate was used to raise rabbit polyclonal antibodies as a probe for the further investigation of the biogenesis of coniferyl alcohol in plant cells by an immunoelectron microscopy technique.
Mapping of the gene for X‐linked dominant Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathy

We performed a clinical study and linkage analysis on 278 subjects (66 affected) belonging to eight families with X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. This form affects 11.8% of CMT patients in Iowa. Motor nerve conduction velocities (MNCVs) were significantly slowed consistent with type 1 CMT. Fifty-six obligate carriers manifested mild distal weakness, localized areflexia, pes cavus, and slowing on MNCVs. Seven X-linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms mapping in the Xpll-q 21 region were tested for linkage against CMT. Two-point linkage results showed the highest low scores with PGK1, DXS159, and DXYS1. Multipoint linkage analysis excluded the CMT gene from being telomeric to either DXS14 or DXYS1, with over 1,000:1 odds. The highest location scores were at PGK1 and 1 cM proximal to DXS159.
Use of a cloned library for the study of abundant poly(A)+RNA during Xenopus laevis development

Over 200 cloned sequences from recombinant DNA libraries prepared from Xenopus laevis embryonic poly(A)+RNA have been analyzed by colony hybridization with [32P]cDNA prepared from poly(A)+RNA from several stages of development. The period of early embryogenesis extending through the beginning of gastrulation (stage 10) is marked by the relative constancy of the abundant poly(A)+RNA population. Between the gastrula and tailbud stages (stage 24) there is a dramatic change in the pattern of abundant poly(A)+RNA species; the new pattern remains fairly constant for at least 2 days of development to the late prefeeding tadpole stages (stage 41). We have also compared nonpolysomal and polysomal poly(A)+RNA populations at two different stages. In stage 10 (early gastrula) postribosomal (free ribonucleoprotein) and polysomal poly(A)+RNA populations partly overlap; however, many cloned sequences occur in quite different concentrations in one fraction or the other. Among the sequences that are predominantly nonpolysomal at gastrula few become predominantly polysomal at tailbud stages. Thus, we have no evidence for a major recruitment of abundant nonpolysomal RNAs into polysomes with progressing development. We rather observe a general pattern in which a cloned sequence that is nonpolysomal in one stage of development tends to be nonpolysomal (if detectable at all) in other stages as well.
An interface capturing method for the simulation of multi-phase compressible flows

A novel finite-volume interface (contact) capturing method is presented for simulation of multi-component compressible flows with high density ratios and strong shocks. In addition, the materials on the two sides of interfaces can have significantly different equations of state. Material boundaries are identified through an interface function, which is solved in concert with the governing equations on the same mesh. For long simulations, the method relies on an interface compression technique that constrains the thickness of the diffused interface to a few grid cells throughout the simulation. This is done in the spirit of shock-capturing schemes, for which numerical dissipation effectively preserves a sharp but mesh-representable shock profile. For contact capturing, the formulation is modified so that interface representations remain sharp like captured shocks, countering their tendency to diffuse via the same numerical diffusion needed for shock-capturing. Special techniques for accurate and robust computation of interface normals and derivatives of the interface function are developed. The interface compression method is coupled to a shock-capturing compressible flow solver in a way that avoids the spurious oscillations that typically develop at material boundaries. Convergence to weak solutions of the governing equations is proved for the new contact capturing approach. Comparisons with exact Riemann problems for model one-dimensional multi-material flows show that the interface compression technique is accurate. The method employs Cartesian product stencils and, therefore, there is no inherent obstacles in multiple dimensions. Examples of two- and three-dimensional flows are also presented, including a demonstration with significantly disparate equations of state: a shock induced collapse of three-dimensional van der Waal's bubbles (air) in a stiffened equation of state liquid (water) adjacent to a Mie-Gruneisen equation of state wall (copper).
Activation Mechanisms of Pro-Phenoloxidase on Melanosis Development in Florida Spiny Lobster (Panulirus argus) Cuticle

Phenoloxidase (PO), pro-PO [1] and pro-PO [2], isolated from cuticular extracts of early premolt spiny lobster, resolved into doublets of molecular weights 156, 151, and 96.0, 93 kD, respectively. Trypsin-activated forms of pro-PO [1] and pro-PO [2] were 123 and 83.6 kD, respectively. Apparently melanosis of shell and hyperdermal tissue in lobsters was related to stage of molt. The pro-PO forms were activated in vitro by extracts of molting fluid which is secreted into the cuticle just before molt, and the activated PO co-migrated in SDS-PAGE with the endogenously activated PO. The molting fluid was hypothesized to be the source of the natural activator(s) of pro-PO.
Diagnostic Procedures for Multicollinearity Between HVI Cotton Fiber Properties

An advanced statistical procedure for diagnosing multicollinearity between HVI fiber properties is demonstrated. The procedure consists of sequential analyses in which validation of a regression model is examined, diagnostic procedures for collinearity are demonstrated, and remedies for the problem of collinearity are proposed. This paper is presented to textile scientists in an effort to introduce new statistical techniques that should improve the performance of linear multiple regression analyses relating HVI fiber properties to yam strength.
PraDa: Privacy-preserving Data-Deduplication-as-a-Service

The data-cleaning-as-a-service (DCaS) paradigm enables users to outsource their data and data cleaning needs to computationally powerful third-party service providers. It raises several security issues. One of the issues is how the client can protect the private information in the outsourced data. In this paper, we focus on data deduplication as the main data cleaning task, and design two efficient privacy-preserving data-deduplication methods for the DCaS paradigm. We analyze the robustness of our two methods against the attacks that exploit the auxiliary frequency distribution and the knowledge of the encoding algorithms. Our empirical study demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of our privacy preserving approaches.
Renal hemodynamics and oxygen consumption in experimental chronic hypoxia

Abstract Chronic hypoxia and polycythemia were produced in dogs by anastomosing the inferior vena cava end-to-end to the right inferior pulmonary vein, diverting all inferior caval blood flow into the left atrium. The resultant arterial desaturation ranged from 67%, 2 to 7 days after shunting, to 80% 8 months later. A progressive increase in hematocrit and left heart output after the right-to-left shunt was noted, resulting in increased oxygen transport with the passage of time. An experimental technique was developed for monitoring renal hemodynamics which was relatively atraumatic, not requiring a laparotomy or other major surgery. Utilizing this technique, it was found that chronic hypoxia increased renal blood flow and decreased renal vascular resistance. The data thus imply renal vasodilatation or opening of arteriovenous shunts when the kidney is chronically exposed to a low arterial pO2 (33–54 mm. Hg). In this range of arterial oxygen tension, renal O2 consumption did not differ significantly from normal, and there was no evidence of conversion from aerobic to anaerobic renal metabolism. Although production of chronic hypoxemia resulted in significant erythropoiesis (hematocrit 55% 8 months after operation), no enlargement of the kidneys by weight was noted at the completion of the study.
Motional narrowing in hydrogen Raman scattering

Abstract The line width of laser excited Raman scattering in the Q (1) line of hydrogen gas is studied with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. Motional narrowing of the line to less than the Doppler width is seen and compared with theoretical models.
Some applications of doubly stochastic matrices

Abstract We discuss primarily two applications of doubly stochastic matrices and related matrices. The first concerns a topic in communication theory called satellite-switched, time-division multiple-access systems, and we attempt to illuminate some results which have occured in the engineering literature. The second concerns a recent notion of a doubly stochastic automorphism of a graph. We prove several new theorems about doubly stochastic automorphisms of certain classes of graphs, and in particular, obtain a theorem of which Birkhoff's theorem for doubly stochastic matrices is a special case.
Glutathione-related inhibition of prostaglandin metabolism☆

Abstract Placental homogenates contain a heat-stable, dialyzable fraction which specifically inhibits two placental enzymes, both of which possess 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase activities. The inhibition of the two enzymes is the same. The inhibitor has been resolved into two components by gel filtration on a column of Sephadex LH-20. The component which eluted first has been identified as oxidized glutathione (GSSG), the other as a glutathione-containing material (GSX). Inhibition of the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity is competitive with respect to the prostaglandin substrate ( K i GSSG = 26 μ M, K i GSX = 1.4 μ M). Inhibition of the 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity is also competitive with respect to the prostaglandin substrate ( K i GSSG = 68 μ M). The most effective inhibitor of the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is the prostaglandin A 1 -glutathione adduct ( K i = 0.27 μ M). This compound is not a substrate for oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl group but it is the best substrate found to date for reduction of the 9-keto function.
Multimodal sensory integration in weakly electric fish: a behavioral account

Abstract The ability to integrate multisensory information is a fundamental characteristic of the brain serving to enhance the detection and identification of external stimuli. Weakly electric fish employ multiple senses in their interactions with one another and with their inanimate environment (electric, visual, acoustic, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and hydrostatic pressure) and also generate signals using some of the same stimulus energies (electric, acoustic, visual, mechanical). A brief overview provides background on the sensory and motor channels available to the fish followed by an examination of how weakly electric fish ‘benefit’ from integrating various stimulus modalities that assist in prey detection, schooling, foraging, courtship, and object location. Depending on environmental conditions, multiple sensory inputs can act synergistically and improve the task at hand, can be redundant or contradictory, and can substitute for one another. Over time, in repeated encounters with familiar surrounds, loss of one modality can be compensated for through learning. Studies of neuronal substrates and an understanding of the computational algorithms that underlie multisensory integration ought to expose the physiological corollaries to widely published concepts such as internal representation, sensory expectation, sensory generalization, and sensory transfer.
Personally Speaking: The Endless Vita: You Can't Get Enough of What You Don't Need

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085-1699.
Glut Transporter Protein Expression in Liver and Muscle of Offspring of the Streptozotocin Induced Gestational Diabetic Ewe

Glut Transporter Protein Expression in Liver and Muscle of Offspring of the Streptozotocin Induced Gestational Diabetic Ewe
154 CARDIAC OUTPUT IN NEWBORNS WITH TRANSIENT MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION SECONDARY TO PERINATAL ASPHYXIA

154 CARDIAC OUTPUT IN NEWBORNS WITH TRANSIENT MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION SECONDARY TO PERINATAL ASPHYXIA
A group-theoretical invariant for elementary equivalence and its role in representations of elementary classes

There is a natural map which assigns to every modelU of typeτ, (U e Stτ) a groupG (U) in such a way that elementarily equivalent models are mapped into isomorphic groups.G(U) is a subset of a collection whose members are called Fraisse arrows (they are decreasing sequences of sets of partial isomorphisms) and which arise in connection with the Fraisse characterization of elementary equivalence. LetECλU be defined as {U eStrτ: ℬ ≡U and |ℬ|=λ; thenEGλU can be faithfully (i.e. 1-1) represented onto G(U) ×π*, whereπ*, is a collection of partitions over λ∪λ2∪....
Methods of simulating low redox potential (Eh) for a basalt repository

In the selection of a repository for burying vitrified nuclear waste, the leach rate of the waste form in groundwater is of concern. Basaltic groundwaters have inherently low redox potentials which may affect the waste form leach rate. Laboratory simulation of the Eh-pH conditions to be found in a basalt repository can be achieved when crushed basalt is added to deoxygenated deionized water. The effects of other redoxactive waste package components, such as iron, were found to stabilize solution redox potential at different valves under oxic and anoxic conditions. When iron was present, different waste form leach rates were observed with and without oxygen.
Environmental reprogramming and molecular profiling in reconstitution of human hair follicles

The ability to synthesize an organ de novo is the ultimate goal of regenerative medicine. Given the difficulty, it is reasonable to first attempt tissue regeneration with a miniorgan, such as the hair follicle. Hair follicles (HF) undergo physiologic cyclical regeneration and cellular components exhibit robust regenerative capabilities (1, 2). The molecular biology of HF stem cells and their niche has been well characterized and scientists are poised to make progress (1). In PNAS, Higgins et al. discuss several unique findings regarding de novo human hair folliculogenesis (3). The authors show that human scalp dermal papillae (DP), cultured in 3D, can induce hair from foreskin and identified gene candidates that may contribute to the DP phenotype.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Novel Adenosylmethionine:2-Deoxystreptamine N-Methyltransferase Activities in Hygromycin B- and Spectinomycin-Producing Streptomyces spp. and Uses of the Methylated Products

Aminocyclitols structurally related to streptamine, a 1,3-diaminocyclitol, are common components of the RNA-binding aminoglycoside antibiotics. The respective aminocyclitol cores of hygromycin B and spectinomycin are N3-methyl-2-deoxy-d-streptamine and N1,N3-dimethyl-2-epi-streptamine. Adenosyl[methyl-14C]methionine:2-deoxystreptamine N-methyltransferase activities were detected in extracts of early-stationary-phase mycelia of the hygromycin B producer Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus ATCC 27438 and the spectinomycin producer Streptomyces flavopersicus ATCC 19756. Extracts of both strains methylated the N1- and N3-amino groups of 2-deoxystreptamine, streptamine, and 2-epi-streptamine; the N1-amino group of N3-methyl-2-deoxy-d-streptamine, and the N3-amino group of N1-ethyl-2-deoxy-d-streptamine, the semisynthetic aminocyclitol of netilmicin. The mono[14C]methyl derivatives of 2-deoxystreptamine, streptamine, and 2-epi-streptamine were excellent substrates for l-glutamine:aminocyclitol aminotransferase and thereby provided a sensitive assay for derepression of this key enzyme, a generic biosynthetic marker that we have shown to be the only enzyme common to the biosyntheses of all major aminoglycoside antibiotics. Other prospective uses for these methyl-labeled 2-deoxystreptamine analogs are also described.
Three models for the description of poetry

With the increasing concern for explicit, precise and complete grammatical descriptions of languages (primarily under the impetus of Chomsky), the relation between poetry and grammar has come to command particular attention since sentences occurring in poetry often fail to be accounted for by the grammar of the language. That is, poetic sentences may simultaneously manifest more constraints and less constraints on combinatorial possibilities than exist in non-poetic language. Some linguists, not content merely to list such sentences as exceptions to the grammatical rules, have suggested ways of ‘expanding’ the grammar to account for such sentences. One well-known effort is Levin's (1964) attempt to ‘fix’ a generative grammar of English so it will generate such deviant sentences as, for example, Cummings's He danced his did . Another approach, though not specifically applied to poetic texts, is represented by Harris's (1952) discourse analysis. Here many vexing problems are avoided in that the aim is to construct a ‘grammar’ of a single text by setting up categories, empirically defined in terms of morphological environments, that apply only to the given text.
Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α regulates chondrogenesis via association with Sox9

Chondrogenesis is a multistep pathway in which multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into chondrocytes. The transcription factor Sox9 (SRY-related high mobility group-Box gene 9) regulates chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage-specific expression of genes, such as Col2a1 (collagen type II α1). However, Sox9 expression is detected not only in chondrogenic tissue but also in nonchondrogenic tissues, suggesting the existence of a molecular partner(s) required for Sox9 to control chondrogenesis and chondrogenic gene expression. Here, we report identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) as a coactivator for Sox9 during chondrogenesis. Expression of PGC-1α is induced at chondrogenesis sites during mouse embryonic limb development and during chondrogenesis in human MSC cultures. PGC-1α directly interacts with Sox9 and promotes Sox9-dependent transcriptional activity, suggesting that PGC-1α acts as a transcriptional coactivator for Sox9. Consistent with this finding, PGC-1α disruption in MSC by small interfering RNA inhibits Col2a1 expression during chondrogenesis. Furthermore, overexpression of both PGC-1α and Sox9 induced expression of chondrogenic genes, including Col2a1, followed by chondrogenesis in the MSC and developing chick limb. Together, our results suggest a transcriptional mechanism for chondrogenesis that is coordinated by PGC-1α.
Comparison of Impact of Virgin Polymer Structure on Properties of Irradiated Membranes – Hydrogen Ion Irradiation on Polyimide Isomers

This study focused on the impact of virgin polymer structure and microstructure on the transport properties of irradiated polyimide. Two fluorine containing polyimide isomers (6FDA-6FpDA and 6FDA-6FmDA) that differ solely in the location of the linkage between the diamine and dianhydride residues were used for this study. While these polymers differ in the location of a single bond, the virgin transport properties are dramatically different. The para connected isomer (6FDA-6FpDA) has much higher permeabilities and lower selectivities than the meta connect isomer (6FDA-6FmDA). The pure gas permeabilities in polyimide-ceramic composite membranes following H+ ion irradiation over a wide range of doses will be compared for these polyimide isomers. In addition, the evolution in chemical structure was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These polymers exhibited different decay rate in chemical structure following ion irradiation. Interestingly, the evolution in gas transport properties of these polymers following H+ ion irradiation was also quite different. We will discuss how the microstructure would affect the gas permeation properties of ion beam modification of polymer.
Predicting biological condition in southern California streams

Abstract As understanding of the complex relations among environmental stressors and biological responses improves, a logical next step is predictive modeling of biological condition at unsampled sites. We developed a boosted regression tree (BRT) model of biological condition, as measured by a benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (BIBI), for streams in urbanized Southern Coastal California. We also developed a multiple linear regression (MLR) model as a benchmark for comparison with the BRT model. The BRT model explained 66% of the variance in B-IBI, identifying watershed population density and combined percentage agricultural and urban land cover in the riparian buffer as the most important predictors of B-IBI, but with watershed mean precipitation and watershed density of manmade channels also important. The MLR model explained 48% of the variance in B-IBI and included watershed population density and combined percentage agricultural and urban land cover in the riparian buffer. For a verification data set, the BRT model correctly classified 75% of impaired sites (B-IBI