cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Labor Markets’ Institutional Properties And Distributive Justice In Modern Society: A Comparative Empirical Analysis

The paper’s main argument is that the rates of distributive injustice in industrial societies are significantly influenced by labor markets’ institutional properties. Markets characterized by institutional properties that heavily favor capital at the expense of labor are expected to produce more distributive injustice - as well as more income inequality – than others. In particular, distributive injustice is expected to be inversely linked with labor’s institutional power in economy and society. The paper intends to make a contribution to institutional analyses of distributive justice and related social problems such as income inequality in modern societies.
Differential Solicitude of Social Support in Different Types of Adult Sibling Relationships

The sibling relationship is one of the longest relationships in people's lives, and it is one of the most diverse as it occurs in many different forms. The current investigation seeks to identify differences in the amount of social support received in adult sibling relationships. The sample consisted of 411 participants in 6 different types of sibling relationships: identical twins, fraternal twins, full biological siblings, half-biological siblings, stepsiblings, and adopted siblings. Employing of ideas of discriminative parental solicitude, we developed a hypothesis about which types of siblings receive the most social support from their siblings. The basic prediction was that siblings who are more genetically related to one another receive more social support than siblings who are less genetically related. Results supported these predictions, even when social and relational explanations were controlled.
13. PET and CT Correlation. An Important Explanation for Discordant Findings.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is to compare and explain discordant findings on high quality PET and CT where no corresponding CT abnormality is seen despite a significant appearing PET abnormality.Methods: The methods involved the review of forty sequential oncologic cases. State-of-the-art helical post contrast CT scans and state-of the-art attenuated corrected and uncorrected PET images were examined. Discordant findings were classified as: Type A Obvious PET abnormalities fail to reveal CT anatomic abnormalities. Type B CT anatomic abnormalities show no PET abnormalities (usually benign disease). Only Type A discordance was evaluated and repeat CT scans were obtained if more than two weeks separated the exams.Results: The results showed that there were four cases of Type A discordance. Case I showed a large PET abnormality with a negative CT. Repeat CT was again negative. The suspicion of a mis-registration artifact on PET due to motion was confirmed. Cases II, III, & IV had prominent PET abnormalities with normal CT scans within two to six weeks preceding the PET. Repeat CTs showed remarkable new findings corresponding exactly with the PET abnormalities.Conclusion: In conclusion, when a conspicuous hypermetabolic focus has no corresponding CT anatomic structure on a high quality CT exam, extra evaluation is in order. Aside from technical artifacts, a relatively short time delay between CT and PET may account for development of new findings on CT in the face of aggressive disease.
From theory to practice: school leaders' perspectives on resiliency.

Resiliency describes the ability of children to overcome adversity and become successful adults. School-based programs, strategies, or policies designed to enhance resiliency are relatively new. School administrators (n = 10) who had attended an informational meeting about a community-wide resiliency initiative were interviewed about their understanding of resiliency and their present and future plans to implement resiliency initiatives in their schools. Interviewees provided various definitions of resiliency, ranging from a relatively narrow focus on individual characteristics to a broad focus on various environmental factors. Only those administrators who uniformly held the belief that resiliency was an environmental phenomenon that could be promoted in a school setting decided to participate in the community-wide initiative. However, the concept of resiliency has captured the imagination of these school administrators and is seen as a relevant organizing point for designing school programs and school environments.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection by detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to the 70-kd heat shock protein in fetal serum.

Abstract Objective: Antibodies to the 70-kd heat shock protein were evaluated as biomarkers for cytomegalovirus infection. Study Design: Fetal sera that was obtained by cordocentesis at 22 to 25 weeks of gestation from 53 mothers with a confirmed primary cytomegalovirus infection and 28 mothers (control group) without cytomegalovirus infection who had been screened for Rh incompatibility, were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M and G anti–70-kd heat shock protein antibodies. Results: Eighteen of 53 fetuses (34.0%) from cytomegalovirus-positive mothers were infected, which was determined by culture or polymerase chain reaction. Anti–70-kd heat shock protein immunoglobulin M was detected in 17 of 18 sera (94.4%) from cytomegalovirus-infected fetuses, in 3 of 35 sera (8.6%) from uninfected fetuses, and in 0 of 28 sera from the control group ( P Conclusion: The anti–70-kd heat shock protein immunoglobulin M assay may be of value in the assessment of fetal cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women with a primary cytomegalovirus infection. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:955-9.)
Decreased levels of total immunoglobulin in children with autism are not a result of B cell dysfunction

Autism spectrum disorders are a heterogeneous group of behaviorally defined disorders having complex etiologies. We previously reported a direct correlation between lower plasma levels of the immunoglobulins (Ig) IgG and IgM and increased severity of behavioral symptoms in children with autism. Our current objective was to determine if these reduced plasma levels of IgG and IgM are the result of defective B cell development, activation, or function. Results suggest no differences in the B cell parameters measured, indicating that decreased Ig in autism is not a result of B cell dysfunction and other immune cells might be involved.
Wind field models and classification

Traditional scatterometer wind estimation inverts the model function relationship between the wind and backscatter at each resolution element, yielding a set of ambiguities due to the many-to-one mapping of the model function. Field-wise wind estimation dramatically reduces the number of ambiguities by estimating the wind for many resolution elements, simultaneously, using a wind field model that constrains the spatial variability of the wind. In this paper four wind field models are presented or use in field- wise wind estimation. The models considered include tow standard expansions, a data-driven model, and a model based on geophysical constraints on the pressure field. Model accuracy, as a function of the number of model parameters, is reported for each model. This accuracy is evaluated using NSCAT JPL nudged L2.0 data. Because of the inherent compromise between computational complexity of high-order models and the imprecise fit of low-order models, automated classification schemes are developed to identify a priori whether a region will be well modeled by a simple wind model. Classification is performed through hypothesis testing on raw NSCAT data and point-wise estimates.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Primary prevention of weight gain for women aged 25-34: the acceptability of treatment formats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if treatment format will affect the willingness of women aged 25–34 to participate in a program for primary prevention of weight gain. DESIGN: 102 normal-weight women aged 25–34 were randomized to one of three treatment formats (group meetings, correspondence course, no-treatment control). Acceptability was evaluated by determining the proportion of women participating in their assigned format. Efficacy was assessed by determining mean weight changes at post-treatment (10 weeks) and 6-month follow-up, and the proportions of women who remained at baseline weights. RESULTS: Significantly fewer women chose to participate in a group format, compared to the correspondence course and no-treatment control (42%, 84% and 62%, respectively). However, the group format produced the largest short-term changes in weight (−1.9±1.8 kg, −1.1±2.1 kg and −0.2±1.3 kg, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The format of prevention programs may influence the willingness of subjects to participate, as well as treatment outcome. Both format acceptability and efficacy should be considered in determining the overall effectiveness of a program.
Strategy and Structure in a Virtual Organization

The business environment of the 21st century require organizations to respond quickly to market demands and thus traditional organization structures and strategy are no longer capable of sustaining the needs of this relentless pace. New forms of organizations in the form of virtual organization (VO) hold promise in the network world. Several organizations worldwide have already been experimenting virtual organizationsâ€™ structures and processes. These new virtual structures and processes, however, will require newer strategies to succeed. This paper attempts to highlight some strategy and structural issues of a VO. The study is conceptual in nature and inferences have been drawn from existing literature and practices.
Acoustic velocities and phase transitions in molybdenum under strong shock compression.

We present acoustic velocity data that demonstrate a high-pressure solid-solid phase transition in molybdenum at about 2.1 Mbar and 4100 K. This observation is supported here by first-principles theoretical calculations which predict a zero-temperature bcc\ensuremath{\rightarrow} hcp transition within our experimental pressure range. In addition, our results show the melting transition for shock-compressed Mo at about 3.9 Mbar and 10000 K.
A wide-view transflective display using a polymer-stabilized bluephase liquid crystal

A low-power, wide-view, and single-cell-gap transflective display using a polymer stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) is proposed. To reduce operating voltage, we use protrusion electrodes to generate strong fringing fields to penetrate deep into the bulk liquid crystal layer. To balance the optical phase retardation between transmissive (T) and reflective (R) regions, we design the R region with a wider electrode gap so that its smaller induced birefringence compensates the double pass of the ambient light. To reduce power consumption, we utilize the fast-response feature of BPLC for field sequential display which triples the optical efficiency and resolution density.
A sub-130-nm conditional keeper technique

Increasing leakage currents combined with reduced noise margins significantly degrade the robustness of wide dynamic circuits. In this paper, we describe two conditional keeper topologies for improving the robustness of sub-130-nm wide dynamic circuits. They are applicable in normal mode of operation as well as during burn-in test. A large fraction of the keepers is activated conditionally, allowing the use of strong keepers with leaky precharged circuits without significant impact on performance of the circuits. Compared to conventional techniques, up to 28% higher performance has been observed for wide dynamic gates in a 130-nm technology. In addition, the proposed burn-in keeper results in 64% active area reduction.
Pbx1 and Meis1 regulate activity of the Xenopus laevis Zic3 promoter through a highly conserved region

Abstract Xenopus Zic3 (zinc finger in the cerebellum-3) is expressed in the dorsal neural tube of tailbud embryos and tadpoles. We have isolated a 3.1 kb DNA fragment from the Xenopus laevis Zic3 locus that drives proper expression of a GFP reporter in transgenic frog tailbud embryos and tadpoles. This fragment contains regions that are highly similar among frogs, mice, and humans. One extremely conserved region contains a predicted Pbx binding site. We found that the transcription factors Pbx1b and Meis1 can bind this site and synergistically transactivate expression of a reporter containing the conserved region. Finally, we found that an intact Pbx site is essential for normal Zic3 promoter activity in transgenic frog embryos. Our data strongly suggest that a highly conserved region of the Zic3 promoter functions by direct interaction with Pbx1b and Meis1.
The French "Petit Oui": The Maastricht Treaty and the French Voting Agenda

Despite expectations of a landslide, the French public barely approved the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. Traditional explanations for the surprise outcome that rely on socioeconomic conditions, partisanship, regional characteristics, and domestic issues are inadequate. Analysis based largely on the French National Election Study of 1995 shows that the voters were largely concerned with foreign policy. Citizens who were friendly to Germany and supportive of the European Union greatly favored the treaty. French nationalists and those possessed of strong anti-immigrant sentiment were vehemently against it. These disparate views, united in their concern about the sovereignty of France, dominated the Maastricht vote and appear to have persisted in the European Union Constitutional referendum of 2005.
Precision atom interferometry

The basic physical principles behind atom interferometers based on optical pulses of light are summarized. This method of atom interferometry is based on measurements in the time and frequency domain and is an inherently precise measurement technique. After a brief discussion of some of the important technical requirements for good fringe accuracy and visibility, we describe an interferometer that has measured the acceleration of an atom due to gravity with a resolution better than one part in 10 10 . We project that the absolute accuracy of our measurement will be of the order of a few parts in 10 9 . We also describe an interferometer experiment that measures the recoil energy shift of an atom when it absorbs a photon. When combined with the value of the Rydberg constant and the mass ratios M Cs /m p and m p /m e , one can obtain a value for α, the fine structure constant. Currently, we have an experimental resolution Δα/α ∼ 10 -8 after two hours of integration time and are studying the systematic effects that affect the measurement.
Protein microarrays discover angiotensinogen and PRKRIP1 as novel targets for autoantibodies in chronic renal disease.

Biomarkers for early detection of chronic kidney disease are needed, as millions of patients suffer from chronic diseases predisposing them to kidney failure. Protein microarrays may also hold utility in the discovery of auto-antibodies in other conditions not commonly considered auto-immune diseases. We hypothesized that proteins are released as a consequence of damage at a cellular level during end-organ damage from renal injury, not otherwise recognized as self-antigens, and an adaptive humoral immune response to these proteins might be detected in the blood, as a noninvasive tracker of this injury. The resultant antibodies (Ab) detected in the blood would serve as effective biomarkers for occult renal injury, enabling earlier clinical detection of chronic kidney disease than currently possible, because of the redundancy of the serum creatinine as a biomarker for early kidney injury. To screen for novel autoantibodies in chronic kidney disease, 24 protein microarrays were used to compare serum Ab from patients with chronic kidney disease against matched controls. From a panel of 38 antigens with increased Ab binding, four were validated in 71 individuals, with (n = 50) and without (n = 21) renal insufficiency. Significant elevations in the titer of novel auto-Ab were noted against angiotensinogen and PRKRIP1 in renal insufficiency. Current validation is underway to evaluate if these auto-Ab can provide means to follow the evolution of chronic kidney disease in patients with early stages of renal insufficiency, and if these rising titers of these auto-Ab correlate with the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease.
Distribution of Fisher's combination statistic when the tests are dependent

Many questions in multivariate analysis involve the situation when the number of variables is greater than the available sample size. Combination test statistics provides one method to deal with this situation. However, the properties of this approach have not been fully investigated. In this article, an approximation to the null distribution of Fisher's method of combining one-sided test statistics was investigated using the pairwise correlations. The unbiased variance estimate of the combination test statistic is derived. A Monte Carlo study indicates that the new approximation provides a closer type-I error rate than other existing methods.
Isolation and functional characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in translation initiation factor eIF5: An eIF5-dependent cell-free translation system

Abstract Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) interacts with the 40S ribosomal initiation complex (40S·eIF3.AUG·Met-tRNAf·eIF2·GTP) to promote the hydrolysis of bound GTP. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, eIF5, a protein of 45 346 Da, is encoded by a single-copy essential gene, TIF5. In this paper, we have isolated a temperature-sensitive S. cerevisiae strain, TMY5-1, by replacing the wild-type chromosomal copy of TIF5 with one mutagenized in vitro. The mutant yeast cells rapidly cease protein synthesis when grown under non-permissive conditions, lose polyribosomes and accumulate free 80S ribosomes. Further characterization of mutant eIF5 showed that the mutant protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, is defective both in its interaction with eIF2 as well as in mediating the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the 40S initiation complex and consequently in the formation of the 80S initiation complex. Additionally, the availability of a yeast strain containing temperature-sensitive mutation in the eIF5 gene allowed us to construct a cell-free translation system that was dependent on exogenously added eIF5 for translation of mRNAs in vitro.
How pleiotropic genetics of the musculoskeletal system can inform genomics and phenomics of aging.

Genetic study can provide insight into the biologic mechanisms underlying inter-individual differences in susceptibility to (or resistance to) organisms’ aging. Recent advances in molecular genetics and genetic epidemiology provide the necessary tools to perform a study of the genetic sources of biological aging. However, to be successful, the genetic study of a complex condition requires a heritable phenotype to be developed and validated. Genome-wide association studies offer an unbiased approach to identify new candidate genes for human diseases. It is hypothesized that convergent results from multiple aging-related traits will point out the genes responsible for the general aging of the organism. This perspective focuses on the musculoskeletal aging as an example of an approach to identify a downstream common pathway that summarizes aging processes. Since the musculoskeletal traits are linked to the state of many vital functions, disability, and ultimately survival rates, we postulate that there is significance in studying musculoskeletal aging. Construction of an integrated phenotype of aging can be achieved based on shared genetics among multiple musculoskeletal biomarkers. Valid biomarkers from other systems of the organism should be similarly explored. The new composite aging score needs to be validated by determining whether it predicts all-cause mortality, incidences of major chronic diseases, and disability late in life. Comprehensive databases on biomarkers of musculoskeletal aging in multiple large cohort studies, along with information on various health outcomes, are needed to validate the proposed measure of biological aging.
Ydj1 Protects Nascent Protein Kinases from Degradation and Controls the Rate of Their Maturation

Received 3 April 2007/Accepted 15 April 2008 Ydj1 is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp40 molecular chaperone that functions with Hsp70 to promote polypeptide folding. We identified Ydj1 as being important for maintaining steady-state levels of protein kinases after screening several chaperones and cochaperones in gene deletion mutant strains. Pulse-chase analyses revealed that a portion of Tpk2 kinase was degraded shortly after synthesis in a ydj1 mutant, while the remainder was capable of maturing but with reduced kinetics compared to the wild type. Cdc28 maturation was also delayed in the ydj1 mutant strain. Ydj1 protects nascent kinases in different contexts, such as when Hsp90 is inhibited with geldanamycin or when CDC37 is mutated. The protective function of Ydj1 is due partly to its intrinsic chaperone function, but this is minor compared to the protective effect resulting from its interaction with Hsp70. SIS1, a type II Hsp40, was unable to suppress defects in kinase accumulation in the ydj1 mutant, suggesting some specificity in Ydj1 chaperone action. However, analysis of chimeric proteins that contained the chaperone modules of Ydj1 or Sis1 indicated that Ydj1 promotes kinase accumulation independently of its client-binding specificity. Our results suggest that Ydj1 can both protect nascent chains against degradation and control the rate of kinase maturation.
GATMD: γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter Mutagenesis Database

Since the cloning of the first γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (GAT1; SLC6A1) from rat brain in 1990, more than 50 published studies have provided structure–function information on investigator-designed rat and mouse GAT1 mutants. To date, more than 200 of 599 GAT1 residues have been subjected to mutagenesis experiments by substitution with different amino acids, and the resulting transporter functional properties have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of Na+- and Cl–-coupled GABA transport by this important member of the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter family. Moreover, many studies have addressed the functional consequences of amino acid deletion or insertion at various positions along the primary sequence. The enormity of this growing body of structure–function information has prompted us to develop GABA Transporter Mutagenesis Database (GATMD), a web-accessible, relational database of manually annotated biochemical, functional and pharmacological data reported on GAT1—the most intensely studied GABA transporter isoform. As of the last update of GATMD, 52 GAT1 mutagenesis papers have yielded 3360 experimental records, which collectively contain a total of ∼100 000 annotated parameters. Database URL: http://physiology.sci.csupomona.edu/GATMD/
Numerical algorithm for model reduction of polytopic uncertain linear systems

In this paper we study a numerical algorithm for model reduction problem of polytopic uncertain linear systems. The polytopic system has its state-space data contained in a convex polytope, a situation that often arises. The problem we are trying to solve is to find a lower order polytopic uncertain linear system with a guaranteed induced /spl Lscr//sub 2/ norm error. A sufficient solvability condition was provided in terms of LMIs with one extra coupling rank constraint, which generally leads to a non-convex feasibility problem. To deal with this problem, a cone complementarity algorithm is developed, although only local convergence is guaranteed.
Response sequences in rats and pigeons

In the absence of external stimulus control, rats and pigeons typically show median response runs equivalent to the ratio requirement before switching to a second operandum. Attempts to interrupt the ratio run only temporarily disrupted the number of responses prior to a switch. Neither novel stimuli (pigeon) nor electric shock (rat) produced lasting disruption in the “count” of ratio behavior.
Withdrawal of Stimulation May Initiate the Transition of Effector to Memory CD4 Cells

The initial steps that determine development of memory in CD4 cells are unknown. To distinguish an intrinsic capacity of effectors to become memory cells from contributions of as yet undefined survival factors, we analyzed the effects of withdrawal of signals via TCR, costimulation, and cytokines from Th1 or Th2 primary effectors induced in vitro from TCR-transgenic CD4 cells. Withdrawal of stimulation caused the transition of effectors to resting populations with a memory phenotype that did not undergo division following transfer to normal syngeneic recipients. The return of effectors to rest was accompanied by acquisition of the capacity to function as memory cells in vivo as defined by extended persistence and a more rapid response to Ag in vivo than naive cells in adoptive hosts. Upon challenge with Ag, these in vitro-rested Th1 and Th2 cells were similar to long-term in vivo-rested memory cells, but distinct from in vitro-generated primary effectors and in vivo-restimulated memory effectors by their ability to resist apoptosis. Cessation of stimulation may occur when activated CD4 cells exit lymphoid tissues after priming and transition to memory may be initiated if effectors either fail to gain access to Ag in peripheral tissues where restimulation can lead to activation-induced cell death or do not receive sufficient stimuli to continue a response. Our results suggest that the first stage leading to stable CD4 memory could occur stochastically and independently of instructional processes and as such, the development of memory may be a default pathway when signals that direct responses are not received.
Customer perceptions of justice in service transactions: the effects of strong and weak ties

This research used a justice perspective to investigate the effects of outcome favorability, opportunity for voice, and interpersonal treatment in a service context. Results suggest that all three variables influenced customer reactions to bank loan decisions. Weak-tie customers were more sensitive to outcome favorability than strong-tie customers. Strong-tie customers were more sensitive to opportunity for voice than weak-tie customers. Implications for improving customer reactions to service transactions are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Storage stability of antioxidant-washed myofibrils from chicken white and red muscle

Oxidation and gel-forming ability of chicken white (breast) and red (leg) muscle myofibrillar proteins during storage at 0°C were examined. Breast myofibril gels exhibited greater shear moduli than leg myofibril gels throughout 8 days storage. Shear moduli of both breast and leg gels in the intermediate temperature zone (45–55°C) decreased during storage, but at >55°C, they either increased or remained unchanged. Lipid oxidation was inhibited by washing myofibrils with antioxidants propyl gal-late, ascorbate, and tripolyphosphate. However, these antioxidants did not affect the content of protein carbonyls, and only slightly decreased the amine content during storage. Storage affected the kinetic process of myofibril gelation independently of antioxidant treatments.
Explaining the Differences Between the Dyslexic and the Garden-Variety Poor Reader The Phonological-Core Variable-Difference Model

A coherent conception of dyslexia has been difficult to arrive at because research findings have continually created logical paradoxes for the psychometric definition of reading disability. This paper develops the phonological-core variable-difference model. This model of the cognitive characteristics of dyslexic children is one of the few that does not create psychometric paradoxes of the type that have plagued the learning disabilities field. The model provides a way to conceptualize the differences between dyslexic and garden-variety poor readers. The model highlights the importance of viewing the concept of dyslexia as the outcome of the application of an arbitrary criterion in a continuous distribution, thus avoiding the connotations of discreteness that have continually undermined our understanding of reading disability.
Digitally beamformed multibeam phased array antennas for future communication satellites

Future generation of communication satellites are based on multi-beam phased array antennas, where beamforming and scanning are all fully implemented in digital domain as opposed to the commonly considered analog domains. The challenges of realizing a digitally beamformed multi-beam phased array antennas are many when communications are intended for applications beyond Q-band communication satellites, where RF down-conversion, phase control and timing synchronization, analog-to-digital conversion, and ultra high-speed data links are the important functions before the digital signal processing function could be implemented. The down-conversion and phase shifting could be combined using ILPLL systems that are implemented in both electrical and optical domains. Design of a novel all-optical ADC using spectral technique is presented, where sampling speeds as high as 50 GS/s with a minimum 6 bits of resolution is attainable with maximum power consumption of 4W.
Pharmacy Practice Acts: A Decade of Progress:

OBJECTIVE:This 10-year follow-up study of previously published surveys of pharmacy practice acts examines 50 state and the District of Columbia pharmacy practice acts to assess the range of statutory definitions and determine the direction and magnitude of statutory changes since 1988.DATA SOURCES:State codes for 50 states and the District of Columbia, with attention focused on the pharmacy practice acts; Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION:The focus on each statute was the statutory definition of the “practice of pharmacy.”DATA SYNTHESIS:Comparing 1998 with 1988, codification of interpreting and evaluating prescriptions increased 22% (1998; 39/47, four states contain no definition of the practice of pharmacy), compounding 8% (47/47), consultation 19% (41/47), dispensing 2.5% (47/47), drug administration threefold (24/47), drug product selection twofold (45/47), drug utilization review 70% (35/47), patient assessment 6.5-fold (6/47), pharmacokinetic services threefold (3/47), ...
Control algorithm development for mobile FSO node alignment

Since the need for high alignment accuracy of the transmitter and receiver to construct a viable connection is a primary challenge for mobile free-space optical (FSO) links, developing an efficient transmitter control system for acquisition and tracking is an urgent demand. This paper investigates a novel control algorithm within different transmitter designs in FSO mobile networks. The fiber bundles are utilized so that the beam deflection properties of a lens can be exploited to affect beam steering. After acquiring and processing the data from GPS, fisheye system as well as the receiver, the adaptive control system would help tracking the mobile receiver and providing optimum coverage over the target area. Initial analysis of the design indicates refinements in design and performance required to develop a practical control system.
Reciprocal binding of CTCF and BORIS to the NY-ESO-1 promoter coincides with derepression of this cancer-testis gene in lung cancer cells.

Regulatory sequences recognized by the unique pair of paralogous factors, CTCF and BORIS, have been implicated in epigenetic regulation of imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Lung cancers exhibit genome-wide demethylation associated with derepression of a specific class of genes encoding cancer-testis (CT) antigens such as NY-ESO-1. CT genes are normally expressed in BORIS-positive male germ cells deficient in CTCF and meCpG contents, but are strictly silenced in somatic cells. The present study was undertaken to ascertain if aberrant activation of BORIS contributes to derepression of NY-ESO-1 during pulmonary carcinogenesis. Preliminary experiments indicated that NY-ESO-1 expression coincided with derepression of BORIS in cultured lung cancer cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed robust, coincident induction of BORIS and NY-ESO-1 expression in lung cancer cells, but not normal human bronchial epithelial cells following 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-azadC), Depsipeptide FK228 (DP), or sequential 5-azadC/DP exposure under clinically relevant conditions. Bisulfite sequencing, methylation-specific PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments showed that induction of BORIS coincided with direct modulation of chromatin structure within a CpG island in the 5′-flanking noncoding region of this gene. Cotransfection experiments using promoter-reporter constructs confirmed that BORIS modulates NY-ESO-1 expression in lung cancer cells. Gel shift and ChIP experiments revealed a novel CTCF/BORIS-binding site in the NY-ESO-1 promoter, which unlike such sites in the H19-imprinting control region and X chromosome, is insensitive to CpG methylation in vitro . In vivo occupancy of this site by CTCF was associated with silencing of the NY-ESO-1 promoter, whereas switching from CTCF to BORIS occupancy coincided with derepression of NY-ESO-1. Collectively, these data indicate that reciprocal binding of CTCF and BORIS to the NY-ESO-1 promoter mediates epigenetic regulation of this CT gene in lung cancer cells, and suggest that induction of BORIS may be a novel strategy to augment immunogenicity of pulmonary carcinomas.
Theoretical Study of Solvent Effects on the Platinum-Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction Reaction

We report here density functional theory (DFT) studies (PBE) of the reaction intermediates and barriers involved in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on a platinum fuel cell catalyst. Solvent effects were taken into account by applying continuum Poisson−Boltzmann theory to the bound adsorbates and to the transition states of the various reactions on the platinum (111) surface. Our calculations show that the solvent effects change significantly the reaction barriers compared with those in the gas-phase environment (without solvation). The O2 dissociation barrier decreases from 0.58 to 0.27 eV, whereas the H + O → OH formation barrier increases from 0.73 to 1.09 eV. In the water-solvated phase, OH formation becomes the rate-determining step for both ORR mechanisms, O2 dissociation and OOH association, proposed earlier for the gas-phase environment. Both mechanisms become significantly less favorable for the platinum catalytic surface in water solvent, suggesting that alternative mechanisms must be conside...
Three-Dimensional Segmented Volumetric Analysis of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas Comparison of Segmented and Linear Measurements

ObjectiveTo compare 3-D segmented volumetric analysis of vestibular schwannomas (VS) with traditional linear tumor measurement on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies to assess volume an...
A reexamination of the greenhouse effect due to CFC-11 and CFC-12

Abstract Employing the most recent laboratory absorption-coefficient data1 on the thermal infrared (i.r.) bands of CFC-11 (CFCl3) and CFC-12 (CF2Cl2), which were measured at several temperatures relevant to the troposphere and the stratosphere, the greenhouse effect produced by these two CFCs has been reexamined. The effect upon the atmospheric radiative fluxes due to the temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient, especially in the many hot bands present in this spectral region, has been studied. The validity of the often used optically-thin approximation has been scrutinized in view of the observed enhancement in the absorption by the CFCs at low temperatures. The influence of absorption by water vapor on the radiative transfer through columns of CFC-11 and CFC-12 has also been considered. It has been shown that, even though each of these individual refinements may modify the previously estimated effect due to the CFCs by a small amount only, the collective effect may be a non-negligible 35% change in the surface-troposphere heating for every ppbv of CFC-11 and CFC-12 each introduced into a model atmosphere.
A new finite-difference time-domain formulation and its equivalence with the TLM symmetrical condensed node

A finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) formulation is described. It is shown that the finite-difference time-domain formulation is equivalent to the symmetrical condensed node model used in the transmission line matrix (TLM) method. The TLM method can be formulated exactly in a finite-difference form in terms of total field quantities. It is shown that, due to a better field resolution and fulfilment of continuity conditions, the FD-TD formulation or its TLM equivalent model give better convergence and accuracy than the traditional FD-TD method. This is illustrated by numerical results pertaining to a finned waveguide. >
Should college campuses become tobacco free without an enforcement plan

Tobacco-free campuses are a great public health initiative. Healthy People 2020 and Healthy Campus 2020 address tobacco use and young adults including college students. Sources indicate that of the more than 6,000 colleges and universities in the United States, less than 800 are either smoke free or tobacco free. An increasing number of college campus policy makers in the United States are implementing smoke-free or tobacco-free policies, including procedures for violators of these policies. However, without a clearly defined and actionable enforcement component, these policies serve little purpose. This has become a policy enforcement issue that campus leaders should address. Should colleges and universities become tobacco free, if enforcement is not implemented? College and university administrators should demonstrate leadership by having violators of tobacco-free campus policies held to the same standard as those who violate other policies.
Developing the Professional Self-Concept: Role Model Construals in Early, Middle, and Late Career Stages

While previous literature tends to focus on role models as significant other people, particularly in one's early life, this study finds that individuals tend to construe their role models as a selection process of attributes from others throughout their career. I discovered that individuals primarily construe their role models along positive/negative, global/specific, close/distant, and hierarchically superior/peer-subordinate dimensions, and that across the career span, the tendency to observe role models did not change. Rather, theemphasis placed on different dimensions of role models changes. Early-stage respondents who are working on creating a viable self-concept were more likely to construe their role models as positive, close, and sources of a range of attributes. Middle- and late-stage respondents were more likely to see their role models as sources of specific, and often negative, attributes. The study suggests that these observed patterns are related to individuals' increasing confidence in their professional self-concept. In early stages, individuals pay attention to role models to create a viable self-concept; in middle stages, they seek to refine their self-concept, and in late stages, they seek to enhance and affirm their self-concept.
Ultrathin Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Network Framed Graphene Hybrids

Graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have shown superior potential in electronics and optoelectronics because of their excellent thermal, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. Here, a simple method is developed to synthesize ultrathin SWNT–graphene films through chemical vapor deposition. These novel two-dimensional hybrids show enhanced mechanical strength that allows them to float on water without polymer supporting layers. Characterizations by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicate that SWNTs can interlace as a concrete backbone for the subsequent growth of monolayer graphene. Optical and electrical transport measurements further show that SWNT–graphene hybrids inherit high optical transparency and superior electrical conductivity from monolayer graphene. We also explore the local optoelectronic properties of SWNT–graphene hybrids through spatially resolved photocurrent microscopy and find that the interactions between SWNTs and graphene can induce a s...
Local media coverage of sports stadium initiatives.

This article empirically investigates media coverage of 23 publicly financed stadium projects in 16 U.S. cities. Typically, media coverage uncritically supports these initiatives but, occasionally, it offers a far more critical view. In addition, the media in many cities take a “hybrid” approach, which is neither completely critical nor uncritical of these projects. The authors contend that media approaches matter a great deal in helping or hindering a stadium initiative. However, this impact is highly dependent on the unity and strength of the city's local growth coalition, which usually develops and champions these projects. A relatively critical media can seriously impede a stadium project, but only when the local growth coalition is weak or fragmented. Conversely, an uncritical media often becomes the primary institutional booster of stadium projects in cities with a weak growth coalition.
Dialectic as Normative Structure: Norms and Counter-Norms in a Select Group of the Apollo Moon Scientists

The sociology of science owes a tremendous debt to Robert Merton for his many substantive contributions and for his continual suggestion of important, unsolved problems. This chapter addresses one of these problems. It attempts to show how the dialectic extends to the underlying normative structure of science. That is, the dialectic extends to the deepest operating layers of science.
Punitive Damages vs. The Death Penalty: In Search of a Unified Approach to Jury Discretion and Due Process of Law

The role of the jury in awarding monetary damages to plaintiffs in a wide range of civil cases has captured the attention of the media, contemporary non-fiction writers, and reform-minded politicians in recent years. Particular attention has been focused on huge jury awards, which has led many commentators to criticize the wisdom of permitting juries to move so much money from one place to another. Although the right to a jury trial, and with it the exercise of broad judicial discretion, is constitutionally based, many reform efforts have moved toward removing juries from cases both as to the subject matter of cases and the amount of money they can award.This article is an attempt to examine what reasonable reforms should be made to jury discretion, particularly with regard to the jury's consideration of punitive damages. My hope is to advance a process that will strike a balance between jury discretion and the valid concerns of those who perceive a need to protect against arbitrary and unfair damages verdicts. Others have also insightfully written in this area, but my approach builds on the structure for controlling jury discretion fashioned by the American Law Institute (“ALI”) in its important work dealing with capital juries.
Is cannabis use associated with an increased risk of onset and persistence of alcohol use disorders? A three-year prospective study among adults in the United States.

Abstract Background The relationship between cannabis use and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) over time remains unclear. The current study used longitudinal data from adults in the United States (U.S.) to investigate the association between cannabis use and risk of onset and persistence of AUDs three years later. Methods The study used data from respondents who completed both waves of the National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol Use and Related Disorders (NESARC; Wave 1, 2001–2001; Wave 2, 2004–2005) and for whom the age of first cannabis use preceded the age of any AUD. Incident AUDs were examined among respondents with no lifetime AUD diagnosis at Wave 1 (n = 27,461). Persistent AUDs were examined among respondents with a lifetime AUD diagnosis at Wave 1 (n = 2,121). Results Among adults with no history of AUD, cannabis use at Wave 1 was associated with increased incidence of an AUD three years later relative to no cannabis use (Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.43; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 4.54–6.49). Among adults with a history of AUD, cannabis use at Wave 1 was associated with increased likelihood of AUD persistence three years later relative to no cannabis use (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.56–1.95). These relationships remained significant after controlling for demographics, psychiatric disorders, and other substance use disorders. Conclusions Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of AUD onset and persistence over the course of three years among U.S. adults. Community-based and clinical programs aimed at preventing or treating problematic alcohol use may benefit from integrating information about cannabis use in order to improve outcomes.
Abstract 1643: Physical and functional interactions between acid sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) and integrin β1 in glioma cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The local microenvironment of a cancer cell plays important roles in tumor metastasis. Major components of this local niche are ion channels, integrin receptors, and the extracellular matrix. Glioma cells express a specific amiloride-sensitive and constitutively active non-selective cation channel composed of ASIC1, α- and gENaC subunits, members of the Deg/ENaC superfamily of non-voltage gated sodium channels. Inhibition of this channel is associated with reduced migration and proliferation of the glioma cell. As gliomas are highly invasive, we hypothesized that channel activity was engaging an intracellular signaling pathway regulating migration and proliferation by interacting with integrin β1. We have shown the physical proximity of the ASIC1 subunit and integrin β1 by co-immunoprecipitation in D54MG glioma cells. A functional interaction between these two proteins was demonstrated when we found that stable (shRNA) knock-down of integrin β1 attenuated the amiloride-sensitive current by 89±24% (n≥9; ±SD P<0.001). Furthermore, prolonged (24h) inhibition of this glioma channel by PcTX-1, a specific ASIC1 inhibitor, down-regulated integrin β1 expression (by 60% ± 12% (SD) n≥3 P<0.001). The surface expression of ASIC1 in glioma cells is also regulated by integrin β1. Using biotinylation, we found that stably knocking down integrin β1 inhibited the surface expression of ASIC1. In contrast, up-regulating membrane expression of integrin β1 by coating dishes with either fibronectin or vitronectin, increased the surface expression of ASIC1. This effect was not observed when dishes were coated with poly-L-lysine. We have previously shown that knockdown of ASIC1 reduced the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, a key mediator of tumor cell proliferation and migration (Rooj et al. J. Biol. Chem. 287:4053, 2012). In the present study, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was also reduced by knockdown of integrin β1 (by 58% ± 20% (SD) n≥3 P<0.001). Our data reveal a novel interaction between ASIC1 and integrin β1 in the regulation of the MAPK pathway that may form a mechanism by which changes in Na+ current can modulate cell proliferation and migration. Citation Format: Arun K. Rooj, Carmel M. McNicholas, Catherine M. Fuller. Physical and functional interactions between acid sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) and integrin β1 in glioma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1643. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1643
Fungi Associated with the Roots of Red Mangrove, Rhizophora Mangle

The microbial communities of root-free soil, the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of red mangrove seedlings, Rhizophora mangle L., growing in Heeia swamp, Oahu, Hawaii, were studied by dilution plating, ...