cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modifying the Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Residential Oven to Promote Favorable Baking Results

Baking has historically been a trial and error method of cooking. Little research has been conducted to determine the heat transfer characteristics that promote good baking results, and previous research studies have focused on commercial baking applications and the quantities of radiation, convection and conduction that are delivered to the food after a favorable baking process has been defined. The objective of the present work is to experimentally explore the feasibility of modifying a residential oven to mimic commercial baking products. The first step in the solution process was to define the thermo-physical conditions that promote favorable baking results. Next, by defining the current residential oven’s baking characteristics through experimentation, the optimal geometric and material properties were determined. Experimentation included single thermocouple testing, multiple thermocouple testing, and ‘bake’ testing. It was found that a stacked wall structure created by layering various materials in a sandwich like configuration, placed between the lower resistive heating element and the oven cavity, improved the heat transfer characteristics of the oven.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Rich and Saturated Adapted Spaces

In the paper [HK] the notions of an adapted distribution and of a saturated adapted probability space were introduced. The adapted distribution of a random variable on an adapted space (with values in a complete separable metric space) is the natural analogue of the distribution of a random variable on a probability space. An adapted space Ω is saturated if for any random variable x on Ω and pair of random variables x and ȳ on another adapted space Γ such that x and x have the same adapted distribution, there is a random variable y on Ω such that (x, y) and (x, ȳ) have the same adapted distribution. For stochastic differential equations and a wide variety of other existence problems, every existence theorem which holds on some adapted space holds on a saturated adapted space. The paper [FK1] introduced a new method for proving existence theorems in probability theory, based on the notion of a neocompact set of random variables. A set of random variables on an adapted space is said to be basic if it is either compact or is the set of all random variables which are measurable at time t and whose law belongs to a compact set C of measures, for some t and C. The family of neocompact sets is the closure of the family of basic sets under finite unions and Cartesian products, countable intersections, existential projections, and “universal
Can full-term and near-term infants at risk for sepsis be managed safely without antibiotics?

Can Fullterm and Nearterm Infants at Risk for Sepsis be Managed Safely Without Antibiotics?
Creatine phosphokinase in functional psychosis

Abstract This study was a prospective analysis of CPK levels in patients newly admitted to a psychiatric service in a general hospital. The subjects were classified according to a psychiatric diagnostic taxonomy that has been reliably applied to a large group of patients. Serum CPK was elevated in only 1 of 23 patients with acute psychosis. The results of this study bring into question the value of CPK level as a laboratory aid in the differential diagnosis of mental illness on admission to the hospital.
The effect of pretreatment with nondepolarizing muscle relaxants on the neuromuscular blocking action of succinylcholine.

Succinylcholine-induced muscle fasciculations may be prevented by pretreatment with small doses of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Such pretreatment, however, may increase the difficulty of tracheal intubation by antagonizing succinylcholine (SCh) depolarization. To determine which drugs and doses
Large animal models and gene therapy

Over the last two decades, gene transfer experiments for the treatment of inherited or acquired diseases have mainly been performed in mice. While mice provide proof of principle and allow testing of a variety of therapeutic modalities, mouse models have some limitations, as only short-term experiments can be performed, their homogenous genetic background is unlike humans, and the knockout models do not always faithfully represent the human disease. Naturally occurring large animal models of human genetic diseases have become increasingly important despite the costs and the extensive clinical attention they require because of their similarities to human patients. Large animals are reasonably outbred, long lived allowing for longitudinal studies, are more similar in size to a neonate or small child providing an opportunity to address issues related to scaling up therapy, and many physiological parameters including the immune system are more similar to those in humans versus those in mice.
Automorphic Forms, Definite Quaternion Algebras, and Atkin–Lehner Theory on Trees

Associated to the multiplicative group of a definite quaternion algebra over Q are two notions of automorphic forms. One is a complex-valued function on the idele group. The other, a p-adic-valued function on a p-adic “upper half-plane,” arises from considering differentials on a Mumford curve associated to the quaternion algebra. Explicit connections between these forms are explored. In particular, forms of the second type are seen to arise from certain newforms of the first type. In order to define newforms, the Atkin–Lehner theory is developed for certain spaces of functions on the tree associated to PGL2(Qp). As an application, Schneider's proposed p-adic L-series associated to a differential on a Mumford curve is seen to be better interpreted as an adelic form twisted by a p-adic character.
Quantitation of the energetic state in mitochondria and submitochondrial vesicles with 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid

Some of the apparently anomalous findings made with the fluorescent probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) have been reinvestigated using rat liver mitochondria. The results have been found compatible with current views on energy conservation.
Causes of erectile dysfunction

Normal male erection depends upon a combination of factors including normal cortico-sensory perception, intact spinal pathways, normal parasympathetic and sympathetic peripheral nerve innervation, normal blood supply, both arterial and venous to the penis and normal corpora cavernosa. It is obvious, therefore, that disturbances in any of the above components might result in loss of erectile function. It is useful for the clinician to try to identify the cause of erectile function in a particular patient. While these basic anatomic pathways are the prerequisite for normal male sexual function, they in turn depend upon specific hormonal and biochemical support for their integrity.
Être connecté pour mieux manger

nous revele encore de nouvelles surprises. Cette hormone codee par le gene ob, produite par les adipocytes, a ete identifiee par sa fonction dans la diminution de la prise alimentaire via son action opposee sur deux populations neuronales localisees dans le noyau arque hypothalamique (Figure1) : si elle stimule les neurones a pro-opiomelanocortine (POMC) anorexigenes, elle inhibe les neurones producteurs de neuropeptide Y (NPY) orexigenes [1] (Figure 2). Deux equipes independantes viennent de montrer qu’outre ce role chez l’adulte, la leptine est impliquee dans le developpement et la plasticite synaptique de ces populations neuronales. Chacune de ces etudes a porte sur des souris genetiquement deficientes en leptine (souris ob/ob). Nous rapportons un role essentiel de la leptine dans le developpement des projections «metaboliques» du noyau arque [2]. L’absence de leptine durant les premieres semaines de vie postnatale altere de facon permanente la formation des projections entre le noyau arque et les noyaux dorsomedian, paraventriculaire et l’aire hypothalamique laterale, projections qui, chez l’adulte, vehiculeront le signal anorexigene de la leptine [3] (Figure 2). L’injection peripherique de leptine permet de restaurer une densite normale de ces projections, mais uniquement si l’hormone adipocytaire est injectee durant les premieres semaines de vie postnatale, c’est-a-dire au moment ou survient physiologiquement un «pic» de leptine circulante chez l’animal normal [4]. Si elle est administree en dehors de cette periode (par exemple a l’âge adulte), elle n’a qu’un effet tres partiel. De plus, ces effets neurotrophiques de la leptine s’exercent, au moins en partie, directement au niveau du noyau arque puisque, in vitro, l’ajout de leptine a des explants organotypiques de noyau arque induit la croissance neuritique par ces derniers. L’equipe de S. Pinto [5] a etudie un effet rapide de la leptine sur la plasticite synaptique chez l’animal adulte (Figure 2). L’analyse de l’activite electrique des neurones du noyau arque d’animaux ob/ob a revele qu’un defaut de leptine induisait une augmentation d’influx stimulateurs sur les neurones NPY, parallelement a une augmentation d’influx inhibiteurs sur les neurones POMC. Cette variation d’activite electrique est accompagnee de remaniements morphologiques: on observe une augmentation des contacts synaptiques excitateurs (vraisemblablement glutamatergiques) des neurones NPY des souris ob/ob, alors que c’est une diminution de contacts excitateurs que recoivent les neurones POMC. L’injection d’une simple dose de leptine permet de retrouver, en quelques heures, une configuration synaptique semblable a celle d’une souris normale.
Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Probe for In-situ Nitric Oxide Concentration Measurement in a Non-thermal Pulsed Corona Discharge Plasma Reactor

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an effective in-situ probe for NO concentrations below 300 ppm in a non-thermal plasma reactor. A new method has been developed to measure in-situ NO concentration in the reactor discharge region using a long-time—on the order of seconds—averaged fluorescence detection. This method, for quantifying NO concentration in a nonthermal plasma reactor, is simpler than a short-time—on the order of nanoseconds—fluorescence detection. For accurate measurement based on the new method, the LIF intensity must be close to the corona-induced fluorescence (CIF) intensity; the CIF intensity serves as a guide in selecting the LIF intensity. We find that a kinetic model proposed earlier works for two-tube reactors and represents the NO concentration in the middle of the reactor, which verifies the assumption of gas plug flow.
Feeding and oviposition preferences of sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), on storage roots of sweet potato cultivars with differing surface chemistries

Cores from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] storage roots (Centennial, Jewel, Resisto, and Regal cultivars) were presented to sweet potato weevils [Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae)] in multiple-choice, limited-choice, and no-choice bioassays. Centennial, a susceptible cultivar in field-plot experiments, was preferred for feeding and oviposition by female weevils in choice bioassays, and for ovi-position in no-choice bioassays, compared to three other cultivars. Analysis of root surface chemistry showed a tentatively identified triterpenol acetate in Centennial, which was not found in the more resistant cultivars; another root surface component was found in higher concentrations in the more resistant cultivars.
Potential curves and molecular properties of Na2

Abstract A model potential method in which a molecule is described as a single electron moving in the field of two polarizable cores is used to calculate the potential energy curves and the wavefunctions of the lowest six electronic states of the molecular ion Na 2 + . The ground X 2 Σ g state has a dissociation energy of 0.98 eV at an equilibrium separation of 3.3 A and the excited 2 Π u state has a dissociation energy of 0.23 eV at an equilibrium separation of 5.2 A. Various molecular properties of these two bound states are calculated. An analysis of the long range behaviour of all the six states is presented.
Stability of the μ-Camassa-Holm peakons

The μ-Camassa–Holm (μCH) equation is a nonlinear integrable partial differential equation closely related to the Camassa–Holm equation. We prove that the periodic peaked traveling wave solutions (peakons) of the μCH equation are orbitally stable.
Federal Income Taxes, Inflation and Holding Periods for Income‐Producing Property

This paper investigates the question of tax-induced holding periods for income-producing property, and whether such periods are influenced by selection of depreciation methods and inflation. Also, given that selection of depreciation methods are a function of holding periods, the magnitudes of benefits associated with selection of depreciation methods are examined. These issues are considered for investors affected by the regular minimum tax and the maximum tax as well as those unaffected by such provisions.
TCDD: an environmental immunotoxicant reveals a novel pathway of immunoregulation--a 30-year odyssey.

I was honored to be the keynote speaker at the 30th Annual Society of Toxicologic Pathology Symposium “Toxicologic Pathology and the Immune System.” I had the opportunity to reminisce about events in the 1970s that set the stage for the birth and subsequent growth of the field of immunotoxicology and to summarize my research career that has spanned the past 40 years as well. An initial focus on the immunotoxicity of pentachlorophenol led my laboratory into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) field and the study of its most potent ligand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). My research career has been devoted to trying to elucidate the immunological basis of TCDD’s profound immunosuppressive activity that is mediated by activation of AHR. In recent years, my laboratory has focused on the role of CD4+ T cells as targets of TCDD, and we were the first to describe the induction of AHR-dependent regulatory T cells (Tregs). The ability to induce Tregs using an exogenous AHR ligand to activate the AHR-Tr...
Ratio of hepatic arterial flow to recipient body weight predicts biliary complications after deceased donor liver transplantation.

Objectives Adequate hepatic arterial (HA) flow to the bile duct is essential in liver transplantation. This study was conducted to determine if the ratio of directly measured HA flow to weight is related to the occurrence of biliary complications after deceased donor liver transplantation.
Use of Parametric Approximation in Real-Time Nonlinear Trajectory Generation

This paper outlines real-time nonlinear trajectory generation procedure and explores the assisting role of function approximators in this computational task. Nonlinear Trajectory Generation software package (NTG), developed at Caltech by Mark Milam (2000), provides real-time trajectory generation for constrained nonlinear systems. Formal translation of each component of the optimal control form into NTG parameters is prescribed in this paper. Effects of major internal NTG parameters, such as, number of intervals, smoothness, piecewise polynomial orders, number of break points, on the solution of an optimal control problem are investigated. The need for auxiliary regressors in formulating problems involving trajectory generation with tabular data is discussed. Two popular families of regressors, namely B-splines and feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs) are investigated for this purpose. Collaboration of each of these approximators with standard NTG procedure is demonstrated on illustrative trajectory generation instances
Chord-Based Key Establishment Schemes for Sensor Networks

Because of limited resources at sensor nodes, sensor networks typically adopt symmetric-key algorithms to provide security functions such as protecting communications between nodes. In order to use symmetric-key algorithms, two nodes need to establish a secret session key first. In this paper, we propose a novel chord-based key establishment (CBKE) protocol that allows any pair of nodes in a sensor network to establish a secret session key. CBKE is a generalized deterministic key establishment scheme that provides great flexibility for balancing memory overhead, reliability, and communication cost. We analyze the properties of CBKE and explore the performance tradeoffs using simulation.
The Sufficiency of Emergency Medicine Physician Documentation of Against Medical Advice Encounters

A great deal of ambiguity exists among emergency medicine (EM) physicians regarding how to document against medical advice (AMA) encounters in the emergency department (ED) setting. In our own institution, this ambiguity surfaces as inconsistent and eclectic documentation of patients terminating their evaluation and/ or treatment prematurely. This ambiguity suggests (EM) residency programs fail to educate EM physicians-in-training in the area of AMA encounters and the importance of this emergency patient population in the context of the extant EM climate. The Open Access Initiative provides an ideal venue to distribute information and supports efforts to establish uniformity in the provision of certain aspects of EM care, such as documentation of AMA encounters.
A 40-mW 7-bit 2.2-GS/s time-interleaved subranging ADC for low-power gigabit wireless communications in 65-nm CMOS

A 7-bit, 2.2-GS/s time-interleaved subranging CMOS ADC for low-power gigabit wireless communication system-on-a-chip (SoC) is presented. A novel time-splitting subranging architecture is invented to significantly boost the speed of individual ADC channels. In addition, a low-power and fast-settling distributed resistor array for reference voltages is proposed to mitigate mismatches within channels. The prototype is implemented in 65 nm CMOS, occupying only 0.3 mm2 chip area and consumes 40 mW at 2.2 GS/s from a 1 V supply. Measured SNDR and SFDR are 38 dB and 46 dB, respectively, with a 1.08 GHz input at 2.2 GS/s sampling rate.
The measurement of actin concentration in solution: A comparison of methods

Abstract Intrinsic optical density, Folin, and Biuret color development have been carefully studied as methods of determining actin concentration in solution. It appears that the Lowry (Folin) method is the most sensitive and reliable method as standardized by Kjeldahl analysis. Intrinsic optical density is also found to be a reliable method and the extinction coefficients of F and G actin at 280 and 290 nm are determined. The Biuret reaction is found to be the least reliable of the three methods for determining the concentration of actin in solution.
The smoothing artifact of spatially constrained canonical correlation analysis in functional MRI

A wide range of studies show the capacity of multivariate statistical methods for fMRI to improve mapping of brain activations in a noisy environment. An advanced method uses local canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to encompass a group of neighboring voxels instead of looking at the single voxel time course. The value of a suitable test statistic is used as a measure of activation. It is customary to assign the value to the center voxel; however, this is a choice of convenience and without constraints introduces artifacts, especially in regions of strong localized activation. To compensate for these deficiencies, different spatial constraints in CCA have been introduced to enforce dominance of the center voxel. However, even if the dominance condition for the center voxel is satisfied, constrained CCA can still lead to a smoothing artifact, often called the "bleeding artifact of CCA", in fMRI activation patterns. In this paper a new method is introduced to measure and correct for the smoothing artifact for constrained CCA methods. It is shown that constrained CCA methods corrected for the smoothing artifact lead to more plausible activation patterns in fMRI as shown using data from a motor task and a memory task.
Is County Level of Social, Creative, and Human Capital Associated with Winning Humanities Grants in Kansas?

This article examines patterns of Kansas Humanities Council grant distributions to organizations in the state's counties and then assesses social, creative, and human capital explanations for the observed patterns. Substantial numbers of counties have received no grants across a fifteen-year period. Why is that? The analyses reveal that the presence of statistically significant relationships depends on the intersection of the type of capital in the county and the type of grant program: (1) the receipt of heritage grants is associated with county levels of network social capital, particularly those networks that are “non-rent-seeking”; (2) the receipt of “mini” Humanities grants and total grants are associated with levels of creative capital; and (3) the level of human capital makes little difference in grant patterns. These relationships persist under controls for racial/ethnic diversity, income inequality, and dominant political ideology. The implications of the results are assessed in terms of strategies for granting agencies to deal with building community life in low–social capital settings.
Three-Way Complementarities: Performance Pay, HR Analytics and Information Technology

We test for three-way complementarities among information technology (IT), performance pay, and HR analytics practices. We develop a principal-agent model examining how these practices work together as an incentive system that produces a larger productivity premium when the practices are implemented in concert rather than separately. We assess our model by combining fine-grained data on Human Capital Management (HCM) software adoption over 11 years with detailed survey data on incentive systems and HR analytics practices for 189 firms. We find that the adoption of HCM software is greatest in firms that have also adopted performance pay and HR analytics practices. Furthermore, HCM adoption is associated with a large productivity premium when it is implemented as a system of organizational incentives, but has less benefit when adopted in isolation. The system of three-way complements produces disproportionately greater benefits than pairwise interactions, highlighting the importance of including all three complements. Productivity increases significantly when the HCM systems “go live” but not when they are purchased, which can be years earlier. This helps rule out reverse causality as an explanation for our findings.
An experiential learning lab embedded in a didactic course: outcomes from a pediatric intervention course.

This paper examines the outcomes of an experiential learning lab embed- ded in a didactic course. Program evaluation results were derived from student surveys and reflective journaling. The outcomes indicate that students valued the opportunity for experiential learning citing the primary benefits as the opportunity to, apply and ma- nipulate knowledge, build clinical reasoning skills, and develop the professional skills to engage in and effectively manage an intervention session.
Nonneuronal localization for steroid converting enzyme : 3α-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in olfactory tubercle of rat brain

3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.50) was localized in the rat brain by cryostat sectioning, microassay, and neurochemical lesions. Single 16-microns sections were cut, homogenized, and assayed. In the olfactory tubercle 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity is high in the piaglial layer at the surface, 20-fold lower at a depth of 50 microns, and 50-fold lower at a depth of 200 microns. A similar pattern of activity was seen in the olfactory bulb, the interpeduncular nucleus, the frontal pole of the cortex, and the frontoparietal cortex. When kainic acid, a toxin that destroys neurons but leaves glia and axons of passage intact, was injected into the olfactory tubercle, 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity was undiminished whereas glutamic acid decarboxylase activity was reduced by 80%. This laminar distribution and insensitivity to kainic acid are consistent with a nonneuronal localization. The high concentration of astrocytes in the piaglial layer, where 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity is highest, lead us to suggest that this enzyme is localized to astrocytes. The presence of particular enzymes in some brain regions and not in others determines which products are synthesized and which are inactivated in those regions. Thus, the location of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and other steroid converting enzymes can affect the activity of neuronal circuits and the behaviours regulated by those circuits.
A simple corrected orthogonal lead system of electrocardiography: correlation with the conventional twelve-lead electrocardiogram and clinical information.

Abstract Four hundred and nine patients were selected for study, utilizing the Dower and Osborne modification of a Frank corrected orthogonal lead system. Comparisons were made with conventional 12-lead electrocardiograms. There were 135 normal patients and 274 with cardiac abnormalities. In general, the orthogonal lead electrocardiographic patterns correlated well with those observed in the conventional 12-lead electrocardiographic tracings, in both normal and abnormal conditions. However, the failure of this corrected orthogonal lead system to record some important mid-zone precordial potentials was considered a serious defect. Suggestions to modify the system by the use of ancillary leads or other means were made.
Methods, reports and survey for the comparison of diverse isolated character recognition results on the UNIPEN database

A framework of data organization methods and corresponding recognition results for UNIPEN databases is presented to enable the comparison of recognition results from different isolated character recognizers. A reproducible method for splitting the Train-R01/V07 data into an array of multi-writer and omni-writer training and testing pairs is proposed. Recognition results and uncertainties are provided for each pair, as well as results for the DevTest-R01/V02 character subsets, using an online scanning n-tuple recognizer. Several other published results are surveyed within this context. In sum, this report provides the reader multiple points of reference useful for comparing a number of published recognition results and a proposed framework that similarly allows private evaluation of unpublished recognition results.
Prediction of unsteady pressure and velocity over a rotorcraft in forward flight

The problem of predicting the periodic three-dimensional vortex-dominated flowfield around a rotorcraft in low-speed forward flight is studied using potential-flow methods, whose results are compared with surface pressure measurements and flow velocity measurements. The test case used is a two-bladed teetering rotor above a hemisphere-cylinder airframe in a wind tunnel. The dominant features of this problem are modeled by a lifting-line/lifting-surface rotor model with a free wake distorting in the presence of the airframe
Phosphate glass electrode with good selectivity for alkaline-earth cations

A phosphate glass has been found to have a significant electrode specificity toward alkaline-earth ions. The order of selectivity is 2H+ > Ba++ > Sr++ > Ca++ > 2K+ > 2Na+ > Mg++. Exchange properties are discussed in relation to possible structure. Its use to determine activity of Ca++ in natural systems containing Mg++ is sug gested.
Sexual Harassment On Campus: Development Of Policies & Procedures At The City University Of New York

This paper describes the procedures established at the City University of New York to implement their policy against sexual harassment and the steps taken to educate the University community on the topic.
Privacy in Online Social Lending

Online social lending is the Web 2.0’s response to classical bank loans. Borrowers publish credit applications on websites which match them with private investors. We point to a conflict between economic interests and privacy goals in online social lending, empirically analyze the effect of data disclosure on credit conditions, and outline directions towards efficient yet privacy-friendly alternative credit markets. “There is no practice more dangerous than that of borrowing money,” said George Washington in 1797. For sure he has not accounted for the privacy risks of 21 st century online social lending, the topic of this paper. Online social lending, also known as peer-to-peer lending, has grown rapidly after the launch of the first commercial platform, UK-based Zopa.com, in 2005. Drawing on concepts of (offline) micro-finance, the idea of social lending is to provide a marketplace for unsecured personal loans: an online platform lets borrowers advertise credit projects to individual lenders, who decide in which project they invest. Credit risk is shared in project-specific pools of lenders; each member funds a small share of the financed amount. As compensation for taking risk, interest is paid to the lenders, whereas platform operators typically charge fixed (i. e., riskfree) fees. The exact market mechanism differs between platforms and has very recently been subject to research in mechanism design (Chen, Ghosh, and Lambert 2009). Independent of the specific mechanism, matching borrowers’ demand with lenders’ supply online sidesteps the traditional role of banks as intermediaries in credit markets. Obviously, this technology-driven paradigm shift in organizing credit markets has a string of economic and social consequences. This paper covers only a small part, namely the role of personal data and the impact of social lending on borrowers’ informational privacy. Borrowers’ privacy is affected since credit applications entail personal data being irrevocably disclosed on the Internet. We will briefly revisit the role of information in credit markets from a privacy protection point of view and contrast it with empirical results from data collected on Smava.de, the largest German social lending platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study social lending from a privacy angle.
Line drawings from 3D models

Nonphotorealistic rendering techniques, including line drawings, can be remarkably efficient at conveying shape and meaning with a minimum of visual distraction. This class will describe techniques for automated rendering of 3D models using a number of sparse line drawing styles, for both artistic and illustrative purposes. We will mathematically define lines such as silhouettes, contours, creases, suggestive contours and highlights, and apparent ridges and valleys. We then describe algorithms for finding lines efficiently, including object- and image-space methods, and discuss methods for stylization and level-of-detail control. Finally, we provide a brief introduction to concepts of visual perception, including the information content of line drawings and the effects of abstraction and detail on attention.
Outlines for Guidance: Therapeutics in the Physical Education Program for Secondary Schools

(1948). Outlines for Guidance: Therapeutics in the Physical Education Program for Secondary Schools. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 397-432.
Synthesis and characterization of the diruthenium(III) complexes Ru2(F4Oap)2(F5ap)2 and Ru2(F4Oap)(F4NCNap)(F5ap)2 where F4Oap is the 2-(3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-2-oxoanilino)pyridinate anion, F4NCNap is the 2-(3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-2-cyanamidoanilino)pyridinate anion, and F5ap is the 2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroanilino)pyridinate anion.

Two diruthenium(III) complexes with mixed anionic bridging ligands are synthesized and characterized as to their structural, electrochemical, and spectroscopic properties. Both compounds undergo not only metal-centered but also ligand-centered electrode reactions and this is accounted for by their quinone-type structures.
Including dietary fiber and resistant starch to increase satiety and reduce aggression in gestating sows

Aggression during mixing of pregnant sows impacts sow welfare and productivity. The aim of this study was to increase satiety and reduce aggression by including dietary fiber and fermentable carbohydrates. Sows were housed in individual stalls 7 to 14 d after breeding (moving day was considered d 0 of treatment) and were fed (at 0700 h) with a CONTROL (corn-soybean meal based with no additional fiber sources), RSTARCH (10.8% resistant starch), BEETPULP (27.2% sugar beet pulp), SOYHULLS (19.1% soybean hulls), or INCSOY (14.05% soybean hulls) for 21 d (5 sows/diet × 5 diets × 8 replications = 200 sows). The CONTROL diet was targeted to contain 185 g(d∙sow) NDF and the other diets were targeted to contain 350 g(d∙sow) NDF. The INCSOY diet was fed at 2.2 kg/(d∙sow) and the other diets were fed at 2 kg(d∙sow). On d 22, sows were mixed in groups of 5 (at 1200 h). Behaviors in stalls (on d 1, 7, 14, and 21) and after mixing (d 22 and 23), heart rate (on d 1, 7, 14, and 21), blood metabolites (on d 2, 8, 15, 22, and 25), and the effects of diets on production were collected and analyzed. Sows stood more ( 0.05). Average birth weight was lowest in the INCSOY diet ( = 0.02). This study demonstrates that RSTARCH and SOYHULLS can improve the welfare of sows by reducing aggression and increasing satiety in limit-fed pregnant sows without affecting production.
Ischemic Preconditioning during the Use of the Percusurge Occlusion Balloon for Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting

Ischemic preconditioning (IP) uses transient ischemia to render tissues tolerant to subsequent, prolonged ischemia. This study sought to evaluate factors that contributed to the development of cerebral ischemia during PercuSurge balloon (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA) occlusion in patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). The PercuSurge occlusion balloon was used in 43 of 165 patients treated with CAS for high-grade stenosis; 20% were symptomatic. Symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion during temporary occlusion of the internal carotid artery occurred in 10 of 43 patients and included dysarthria, agitation, decreased level of consciousness, and focal hemispheric deficit. The development of neurologic symptoms after initial PercuSurge balloon inflation and occluded internal carotid artery flow was associated with a decrease in the mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) from 15 to 10 (range 9-14); the GCS returned to normal after occlusion balloon deflation. The mean time to spontaneous recovery of full neurologic function was 8 minutes (range 4-15 minutes). The mean subsequent procedure duration was 11.9 minutes (range 6-21 minutes). No recurrence of neurologic symptoms occurred when the occlusion balloon was reinflated. All 10 patients underwent successful CAS without occlusion, dissection, cerebrovascular accident, or death. Ischemic preconditioning can be used to enable CAS with embolic protection in patients who cannot tolerate initial interruption of antegrade cerebral perfusion by PercuSurge occlusion.
The Effect of Light on Pupation Site Selection in Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Significantly more Plodia interpunctella larvae pupated in the dark than in the light, and no difference was found between the sexes in pupation site selection.
Transient Direct and Inverse Scattering

This paper reviews some recent work in transient direct and inverse scattering for elastic and viscoelastic media. Wave splitting and invariant imbedding concepts are employed to obtain scattering operators for stratified media. This work was supported by the Applied Mathematical Sciences subprogram of the Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. W-7405-ENG-82.
Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens: Utility and Cost-effectiveness of Routine and Reflex Gomori Methenamine Silver Stains

Evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens for Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pj) cysts/trophozoites is a routine procedure in most institutes. However institutional policy and experience with individual stains play an important role for rapid diagnosis of Pj. In this study we re-examine the utility of duplicate Papanicolaou (PAP), Diff-Quik (DQ), and Gomori Methenamine …
Effectiveness of Best Management Practices for Stormwater Treatment as a Function of Runoff Volume

AbstractBest management practices (BMPs) such as bioretentions, dry and wet ponds, porous pavement, and many other methods are widely used to reduce the runoff volume and the concentration of sediments and nutrients in the runoff. Numerical models are used to develop and assess water quality management plans that, among others, include BMPs. Those models need to take into account the BMP effectiveness to remove pollutants, being a function of the volume of daily runoff, in order to estimate their performance under a range of different climate scenarios. Circumventing the lack of monitoring data, this study used the Environmental Protection Agency’s system for urban stormwater treatment and analysis integration model (SUSTAIN) to run 22 years (1984–2005) of runoff data from the Patuxent River (Maryland) through seven types of BMPs. It was found that BMP effectiveness decreases sooner, steeper, and deeper with increasing sizes of storm events than assumed in the Chesapeake Bay Phase 5 watershed model. At a ...
Cultural Context in the Development of Children's Narratives

Abstract This chapter describes a sociocultural perspective on the development of children's narratives. children's narrative development is considered to be broadly situated in the social contexts, cultural institutions, and practices in which narratives are created and shared with one another. More specifically, children's narratives and their narrative skills are seen to be structured, constrained, and supported through features of the activity, its purpose, and the social and cultural contexts in which the narration occurs. The chapter begins with a section that defines narratives and presents a sociocultural perspective on the development of children's narrative skills. This is followed by a discussion of research that examines and integrates differences in the narratives that children tell and the process by which they learn to tell these narratives
Modulating Antibody Functionality in Infectious Disease and Vaccination

Induction of pathogen-specific binding antibodies has long been considered a signature of protective immunity following vaccination and infection. The humoral immune response is a complex network of antibodies that target different specificities and drive different functions, collectively acting to limit and clear infection either directly, via pathogen neutralization, or indirectly, via pathogen clearance by the innate immune system. Emerging data suggest that not all antibody responses are equal, and qualitative features of antibodies may be key to defining protective immune profiles. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of protective functional antibody responses in natural infection, vaccination, and monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Moreover, we highlight opportunities to augment or modulate antibody-mediated protection through enhancement of antibody functionality.
Tropomyosin and Profilin Cooperate to Promote Formin-Mediated Actin Nucleation and Drive Yeast Actin Cable Assembly.

Tropomyosins comprise a large family of actin-binding proteins with critical roles in diverse actin-based processes [1], but our understanding of how they mechanistically contribute to actin filament dynamics has been limited. We addressed this question in S. cerevisiae, where tropomyosins (Tpm1 and Tpm2), profilin (Pfy1), and formins (Bni1 and Bnr1) are required for the assembly of an array of actin cables that facilitate polarized vesicle delivery and daughter cell growth. Formins drive cable formation by promoting actin nucleation and by accelerating actin filament elongation together with profilin [2]. In contrast, how tropomyosins contribute mechanistically to cable formation has been unclear, but genetic studies demonstrate that Tpm1 plays a more important role than Tpm2 [3, 4]. Here, we found that loss of TPM1 in strains lacking BNR1, but not BNI1, leads to severe defects in cable formation, polarized secretion, and cell growth, suggesting that TPM1 function is required for proper Bni1-mediated cable assembly. Furthermore, in vitro total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy demonstrated that Tpm1 strongly enhances Bni1-mediated, but not Bnr1-mediated, actin nucleation without affecting filament elongation rate, whereas Tpm2 has no effects on Bni1 or Bnr1. Tpm1 stimulation of Bni1-mediated nucleation also requires profilin and its interactions with both G-actin and formins. Together, these results demonstrate that yeast Tpm1 works in concert with profilin to promote formin-dependent nucleation of actin cables, thus expanding our understanding of how specific tropomyosin isoforms influence actin dynamics.
[14C]-Choline autoradiography of prostate cancer: Effects of castration and uptake time interval

1393 Objectives: To investigate the effects of castration and uptake time interval on the level of [14C]-choline accumulation in murine-implanted human prostate tumor xenografts using quantitative autoradiography. Methods: We implanted CWR22 and PC3 human prostate cancer cells in castrated (n=9) and non-castrated (n=9) athymic male mice and allowed tumors to grow to 1 cm. The mice were euthanized at 5, 10 and 20 min after injection of 5 μCi [14C]-choline. Mice were prepared for quantitative autoradiography with DLU of viable tumor sections (range 9-18 samples/time point) converted to units of radioactivity (nCi/mm2) using calibration. Two-group comparisons were performed using a two-tailed Student t test with unequal variance and with significance probability level of less than 0.05. Results: The results are summarized in the following 2 graphs. Two-group comparisons between the means of the tracer uptake level for each tumor type at each of 3 time points for each of 2 host types showed that: 1) level of tracer localization in the two tumor types was affected little in relation to the host type, and 2) PC3 tumor uptake level tended to increase slowly with time only in the non-castrated host while this was not observed in the castrated host or with CWR22 tumor in either host type. Conclusions: The uptake time interval and castration do not significantly affect the level of [14C]-choline uptake by the human prostate cancer xenograft. Our results suggest that [11C]-choline PET may be performed early after tracer administration and that androgen ablation may not adversely affect the lesion detection sensitivity. Our animal-based results are consistent with the recent preliminary human-based observations (Krause B et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35:18-23, 2008). Research Support: Supported by NIH/NCI R01-CA111613-01.
Informing the development and uptake of a weight management intervention for preconception: a mixed-methods investigation of patient and provider perceptions

It is recommended for women to have a healthy body mass index before conception. However, there is limited research on appropriate preconception interventions for weight loss. Furthermore, there is a lack of knowledge on providers’ willingness to refer to particular behavioral interventions and the degree to which patients would attend those interventions. A cross-section of 67 patients and 21 providers completed surveys related to their demographics and willingness to refer/attend a number of interventions for weight loss. A case study of three patients from the target audience was used to elicit detailed feedback on preconception weight status and weight loss intervention. Overall, patients were willing to attend a variety of interventions, regardless of BMI category. Focus group participants shared that weight loss prior to conception would be beneficial for them and their child, but cited barriers such as time, location, and the way providers encourage weight loss. Providers were willing to refer to a number of behavioral interventions, and were less willing to prescribe weight loss medications than other intervention options. A number of intervention strategies may be well received by both patients and providers in preconception care to assist with weight loss prior to conception. Future research is needed on intervention effects and sustainability.
Evaluation of sources of irreproducibility of retention indices under programmed temperature gas chromatography conditions

Retention index under the programmed temperature gas chromatography (PTGC) conditions (IT) is widely accepted despite of its unsatisfactory reproducibility. Effects of heating rate (rT), stationary liquid film thickness (df), inlet pressure (pi), initial temperature (To) and polarity of stationary phase (sp) on IT reproducibility were studied in the present work. We found that excellent reproducibility and regularity of IT values are obtainable at conditions of relatively low To and relatively high rT and pi, as well as use of quality thick-film column under an operation in a single-retention behavior region (i.e., cubic equation model region). Most solutes were eluted in the dual-retention behavior region under the commonly used conditions described in the literature (i.e., relatively high To and relatively low rT for thin-film columns). The IT reproducibility under the optimum condition was approximately 37 times better than that under the commonly used conditions. The present work further validated the concept about dual- and single-retention behaviors of solutes in PTGC and proposed a principle to improve IT reproducibility.
Typification of Hyobanche sanguinea (Orobanchaceae) and the identity of Hyobanche calvescens and Hyobanche glabrata

Hyobanche sanguinea (Orobanchaceae) is a member of a small genus of holoparasitic plants endemic to southern Africa. The description by Linnaeus in 1771 did not include a designated holotype, and no such material has been located in the Linnaean herbaria housed in London or Uppsala. After studying the Linnaean collection of Hyobanche specimens, and researching the history of botany in South Africa, a lectotype is here designated, and an epitype from the Cape Peninsula assigned. In addition, a study of type specimens for H. calvescens, H. glabrata , and H. rubra reveals that the type specimens for H. calvescens and H. glabrata fall within the circumscription of H. rubra , resulting in synonymization of both names.
Valley-dependent carrier and lattice dynamics in silicon measured by transient XUV spectroscopy

Transient XUV core level spectroscopy is used to resolve photoexcited electron and hole distributions, as well as carrier-phonon and phonon-phonon scattering times, in the γ, L, and X valleys of silicon.