cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Peptide–Lectin Fusion Strategy for Developing a Glycan Probe for Use in Various Assay Formats

While nucleic acid and protein analysis approaches continue to see significant breakthroughs, analytical strategies for glycan determination have by comparison seen slower technological advances. Here we provide a strategy for glycan probe development using an engineered lectin fusion that can be incorporated into various common pathology lab assay formats including Western blot and agglutination assays. In this proof of concept, we use the natural lectin, Pseudomonas fluorescens agglutinin (PFA), capable of binding core Man alpha(1-3)-Man alpha(1-6)-Man units, where this lectin has previously been shown to bind to the glycans presented by the gp120 coat protein of (HIV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In our strategy, we engineered the lectin to possess a fusion of the biotin mimetic tag equence of amino acids V-S-H-P-Q-A-P-F. With the glycan receptive PFA directly linked to the biotin mimic, we could facilitate a probe for various standard clinical assay formats by virtue of coupling to streptavidin-HRP (horseradish peroxidase) or streptavidin beads for Western blot and agglutination assays respectively. We found the PFA fusion retained low nanomolar affinity for gp120 by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and microscale thermophoresis. This probe engineering strategy proved effective in the relevant assay formats that may now allow detection for the presence of glycans containing the core Man alpha(1-3)-Man alpha(1-6)-Man units recognized by PFA.
Effects of Diffusion Coefficients and Permanent Charge on Reversal Potentials in Ionic Channels

In this work, the dependence of reversal potentials and zero-current fluxes on diffusion coefficients are examined for ionic flows through membrane channels. The study is conducted for the setup of a simple structure defined by the profile of permanent charges with two mobile ion species, one positively charged (cation) and one negatively charged (anion). Numerical observations are obtained from analytical results established using geometric singular perturbation analysis of classical Poisson–Nernst–Planck models. For 1:1 ionic mixtures with arbitrary diffusion constants, Mofidi and Liu (arXiv:1909.01192) conducted a rigorous mathematical analysis and derived an equation for reversal potentials. We summarize and extend these results with numerical observations for biological relevant situations. The numerical investigations on profiles of the electrochemical potentials, ion concentrations, and electrical potential across ion channels are also presented for the zero-current case. Moreover, the dependence of current and fluxes on voltages and permanent charges is investigated. In the opinion of the authors, many results in the paper are not intuitive, and it is difficult, if not impossible, to reveal all cases without investigations of this type.
Adaptive Ensemble Biomolecular Applications at Scale

Recent advances in both theory and methods have created opportunities to simulate biomolecular processes more efficiently using adaptive ensemble simulations. Ensemble-based simulations are used widely to compute a number of individual simulation trajectories and analyze statistics across them. Adaptive ensemble simulations offer a further level of sophistication and simulation efficacy by enabling high-level algorithms to control simulations based on intermediate results. Novel high-level algorithms for adaptive simulations require sophisticated approaches to manage the ensemble members and utilize the intermediate data during runtime. Thus, there is a need for scalable software systems to support adaptive ensemble-based methods. We describe the operations in executing adaptive workflows, classify different types of adaptations, and describe challenges in implementing them in software tools. We establish the design considerations of software systems to support the requirements of adaptive ensemble applications at extreme scale. We use Ensemble Toolkit (EnTK) and its associated task execution runtime system (RADICAL-Pilot)—middleware building blocks to implement a scalable adaptive ensemble execution system. We implement two high-level adaptive ensemble algorithms—multiwalker expanded ensemble and Markov state modeling, and execute up to $$2^{12}$$ ensemble members, on thousands of cores on three distinct HPC platforms. We highlight scientific advantages enabled by the novel capabilities of our approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at describing and implementing multiple adaptive ensemble workflows using a common conceptual and implementation framework.
Hubble/COS Observations of the Lyα Forest Toward the BL Lac Object 1ES 1553+113

We present new moderate-resolution, far-ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) of the BL Lac object 1ES 1553+113 covering the wavelength range 1135 A =} 4(C/Si){sub sun} for the strongest component of the absorber complex. Galaxy redshift surveys show a number of massive galaxies at approximately the same redshift as this absorption complex, suggesting that it arises in a large-scale galaxy filament. As one of the brightest extragalactic X-ray andmore » {gamma}-ray sources, 1ES 1553+113 is of great interest to the high-energy astrophysics community. With no intrinsic emission or absorption features, 1ES 1553+113 has no direct redshift determination. We use intervening Ly{alpha} absorbers to place a direct limit on the redshift: z{sub em}>0.395 based on a confirmed Ly{alpha}+O VI absorber and z{sub em}>0.433 based on a single-line detection of Ly{alpha}. The current COS data are only sensitive to Ly{alpha} absorbers at z 0.4.« less
The quadruple burden: Reproductive labor & prison visitation in Venezuela:

Utilizing the Feminist-Marxist lens of reproductive labor, I examine how the caring work and bodies of women who visit prisons are central to an analysis of the relationship of incarceration and so...
Predictors of Financial Distress Among Private U.S. Hospitals.

Abstract Background Hospitals are closing after poor financial performance leaving many patients without access to medical care. Identifying the factors associated with financial distress offers hospitals avenues for potential intervention to avoid bankruptcy and closure. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of private U.S. hospitals’ financial information from 2011 to 2018. A mixed effects logistic regression model was used with the primary outcome of hospital financial distress (based on the Altman Z-score). Results Our sample included 2,720 private hospitals contributing a total of 20,022 hospital-year observations. The proportion of hospitals experiencing financial distress each year ranged from 22.0% to 24.3%. For-profit status was associated with an increased odds of financial distress (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 4.36 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3.05 - 6.24]) as compared to non-profit status. A higher share of hospital revenue from Medicaid was also associated with increased odds of financial distress (aOR for the highest quartile, 2.28 [95% CI 1.73 - 3.00]) as compared to the lowest quartile. A higher case mix index (aOR for the highest quartile, 0.32 [95% CI 0.23 - 0.46]) and an increased share of hospital revenue from outpatient services (aOR for the highest quartile, 0.34 [95% CI 0.23 - 0.49]) were associated with decreased odds of financial distress as compared to their respective lowest quartiles. Conclusions A significant proportion of private U.S. hospitals experience financial distress. Increasing case complexity and the proportion of patient revenue from outpatient services may represent avenues to avoid financial distress.
Too Long; Didn't Read: Finding Meaning in Platforms’ Terms of Service Agreements

It has become a common trope to note that online terms of service agreements are lengthy, obtuse, and universally ignored by the millions of users who bind themselves under these contracts every minute of every day. However, the enormous power that a handful of online platforms now wield over the global expressive discourse, power which is manifested through interpretations of the content standards laid out in these byzantine documents, has led to a growing focus on how these rules are set, modified, and interpreted. In the context of an ongoing debate around reform proposals to section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, this article argues for a model of contractual interpretation which limits the scope of protection available to platforms through the boilerplate exculpatory clauses in their terms of service agreements. The article justifies this position through a comparative analysis of the user agreements of the three largest platforms, to demonstrate a widening gap between the structure of the content policies and privacy policies on one hand, and the boilerplate terms of service on the other, arguing that this structural evolution supports the application of theories of contract and pseudo-contract to interpreting the terms of service.
Temporary Deceased Donor Splenic Transplant Prior to Intestinal Transplantation: A New Strategy for Desensitization?

ABSTRACT Intestinal transplantation is a therapeutic treatment option for patients with irreversible intestinal failure. The presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) has been associated with increased antibody-mediated rejection and allograft loss for recipients of all the solid organ transplants. This case report describes the posttransplant course in the first year of a patient who received a T-cell and B-cell flow cross-match (FXM) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity cross-match positive intestinal transplant in the presence of several class I and class II DSAs who underwent a “temporary desensitization” using the donor spleen. The temporary donor splenic transplant removed several class I and II DSAs as demonstrated by the negative subsequent T-cell FXM, the decreased mean channel shift of the positive B-cell FXM with a significant decrease in DSA mean florescence intensity post temporary splenic transplant. The patient experienced an isolated incidence of acute rejection, which responded to therapy. He had no infectious or cancerous sequelae from the immunosuppression modalities. He was able to discontinue total parenteral nutrition and gained weight after the procedure. Long-term effects are not able to be determined from this approach; hence, further research is warranted to better evaluate the real efficacy of this strategy.
Substitution durch Drogen — Methadonbehandlung

Eine gewaltige Fulle von Literaturbeitragen befast sich mit der Pharmakologie und dem suchtmachenden Potential von Methadon sowie mit seiner Anwendung im Rahmen einer Vielzahl von therapeutischen Programmen. In der Tat ist der Umfang dieser Literatur nahezu mit dem samtlicher neuerer Veroffentlichungen uber alle anderen Behandlungsformen vergleichbar. Aus diesem Grund wird einer kritischen Uberprufung der unterschiedlichen Aussagen uber die Methadonwirkungen ein ganzes Kapitel gewidmet. Im folgenden wird die Gultigkeit der Behauptung untersucht, mit Methadon seien breite Erfolge bei der „Heilung“und Rehabilitation Heroinsuchtiger erzielt worden, sowie die Richtigkeit der gleichermasen hartnackig vertretenen Auffassung, das es sich bei Methadon um eine neue „Killerdroge“handele, die vom Suchtigen noch starker Besitz ergreife als Heroin. Kaum eine der anderen Therapieformen hat in dem Mase Kontroversen hervorgerufen wie die Methadonerhaltung und mit keiner anderen Therapie sind seit den sechziger Jahren so viele Suchtige behandelt worden. Den anfanglichen Erfolgsmeldungen von Dole und Nyswander, die von einer Rehabilitationsquote von 85 bis 100% bei einschlagigen Fixern berichtet hatten, folgte ein vorsichtiger Optimismus, zumal die Methadonerhaltung im Rahmen der von den Stadten und Bundeslandern finanzierten grosangelegten Programme weitgehend zum Mittel der Wahl geworden ist.
Alkali Metals: Organometallic Chemistry

Organolithium complexes, like the organomagnesium Grignard Reagents, are important reactants in organic synthesis. The similarity in structure, bonding, and reactivity of organolithium and -magnesium compounds exemplifies the common chemistry exhibited by representative elements that appear in the same diagonal in the periodic table. Although much debate exists over the degree of covalency within lithium – carbon-bonding interactions, the presence of some covalent character in LiC bonds of alkyllithium compounds is widely accepted. The bonding interactions within organoalkali metal complexes of the heavier alkali metals are generally considered to be strongly electrostatic or ionic in nature. This is supported by a large collection of evidence, consisting primarily of solution NMR data, single-crystal X-ray analyses, and gas-phase computational studies. Many of the organolithium compounds are soluble in hydrocarbons, but organometallic compounds of the heavier group 1 metals generally require more polar solvents. In general, the reactivity of the alkali metals and the reactivity of the organometallic compounds of these metals increase as we go down the group or column. Organoalkali metal compounds are similar to, but more reactive than Grignard reagents. Organoalkali metal compounds are both air- and moisture-sensitive and are sometimes pyrophoric. In addition, organoalkali metal compounds will react as Bronsted bases with protic reagents. Specific details regarding the synthesis, reactivity, and structures of various types of organoalkali metal compounds will be discussed. Keywords: alkali; organoalkali; lithium; sodium; potassium; rubidium; cesium; allyl; cyclopentadienyl; alkyl; aryl; pentadienyl
China's Age Cohorts: Differences in Political Attitudes and Behavior*

Objective The main objective of this article is to explore whether age seems to affect political attitudes and behavior in authoritarian China and, if so, whether “generation” seems to matter, in addition to “age” itself, in driving differences among age cohorts. Methods The primary analytical method of identifying “perturbations” (Watts, 1999) focuses on determining deviations from what are considered to be established Western democratic “baselines” for various age-behavior/attitude relationships, drawing upon regime type and “generational differences” as primary factors in explaining the deviations. Results and Conclusion Among all of the results, the most consistent pattern and conclusion is that of a “One Child” generation that is markedly different from its predecessors, and not just due to youthfulness.
Communication Disorders, Computer Applications for

This chapter provides an overview of the types of computer and technology applications used in the field of communication disorders. The introduction outlines the range of communication disorders for which technology has been applied. The main body of the article highlights current ways in which computer technology has been applied for administration, analysis of typical function, assessment, intervention, and assistive devices. Within each section, applications are discussed for speech, hearing, and language disorders. Each section concludes with benefits and limitations of computer technology for the type of application discussed. A final section outlines directions of future research and development in the areas of speech, hearing, language, and assistive devices. Keywords: communication; speech; language; hearing; assistive devices; assessment; intervention; development; disabelity
Risk Modeling Predicts Complication Rates for Spinal Surgery.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of clinical data registry. OBJECTIVE In the current era of quality reporting and pay for performance, neurosurgeons must develop models to identify patients at high risk of complications. We sought to identify risk factors for complications in spine surgery and to develop a score predictive of complications. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA We examined spinal surgeries from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database. 22,430 cases were identified based on common procedural terminology. METHODS Univariate analysis followed by multivariate regression was used to identify significant factors. RESULTS The overall complication rate for the cohort was 9.9%. The most common complications were postoperative bleeding requiring transfusion (4.1%), nonwound infections (3.1%), and wound-related infections (2.2%). Multivariate regression analysis identified 20 factors associated with complications. Assigning 1 point for the presence of each factor a risk model was developed. The range of scores for the cohort was 0 to 13 with a median score of 4. Complication rates for a risk score of 0 to 4 was 3.7% and for scores 5 to 13 was 18.5%. The risk model robustly predicted complication rates, with complication rate of 1.2% for score of 0 (n = 412, 1.8% of total) and 63.6% and 100% for scores of 12 and 13 (n = 22 patients, 0.1% of total cohort) respectively (P < 0.001). The risk score also correlated strongly with total length of stay, mortality, and total work relative value units for the case. CONCLUSION Patient-specific risk factors including comorbidities are strongly associated with surgical complications, length of stay, cost of care, and mortality in spine surgery and can be used to develop risk models that are highly predictive of complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Reusable model structures and behaviors for software processes

An organization of increasingly complex system dynamics model structures and behaviors has been developed to promote modeling reuse for software processes. It uses an object-oriented framework for describing structures in a class hierarchy with inheritance relationships. This original approach provides a set of common assets that can be referenced for a “product line” of software process models. The structures and their behaviors are process patterns that frequently occur, and the recurring structures are model building blocks that can be reused. They provide a framework for understanding, modifying and creating system dynamics models regardless of experience. Previous work can be understood easier and the structures incorporated into new models with minimal modification. A goal of this work is to help accelerate software process modeling and simulation activities. Experience indicates that the model assets scale from small to large, complex models. Examples of the constructs and executable versions of associated models are also available.
Influence of Test Condition on Speech Perception With Electric-Acoustic Stimulation.

Purpose The goal of this work was to better understand speech perception for cochlear implant (CI) users with bilateral residual hearing, including consideration of effects related to listening con...
Throughput performance analysis for automatic-repeat-request techniques as combined with adaptive rate transmission

We mainly focus our investigation on the throughput performance of automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) techniques in conjunction with adaptive rate schemes. First, it is explained how three types of ARQ techniques are combined with adaptive rate transmission. Then, we present analytical expressions for throughput performance of these three ARQ techniques as combined with adaptive rate schemes. We also consider the channel estimation error for throughput analysis and compare the performance to throughput performance when perfect channel estimation is assumed.
Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on muscle damage after a prolonged run

This study examined the effects of supplemental β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle damage as a result of intense endurance exercise. Subjects (n = 13) were paired according to their 2-mile ...
Microstructural Changes in Ion-Irradiated Commercial Alloys

The effect of heavy ion bombardment on the microstructural stability of several high-nickel superalloys was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy techniques. The work was intended to simulate the type and magnitude of radiation damage occurring with high-fluence exposure in a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) core. Results revealed a general acceleration in precipitation kinetics in alloys with high titanium-to-aluminum ratios, over the temperature range 475 to 725°C (887 to 1337°F). In the Inconel alloys 706 and 718, for example, bombardment produced the stable overaging precipitate n Ni 3 Ti at the expense of the preexisting phases y', y", and δ. Thermal control data over the same temperature range did not reveal the presence of η. Little or no changes in precipitate microstructure were observed in Nimonic PE16, an age-hardenable alloy with a titanium/aluminum ratio of unity.
The effect of 12- O -tetradecanoyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on phospholipid metabolism of human epidermal keratinocytes in culture

The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated the release of [3H]choline from prelabelled membrane phospholipids of cultured keratinocytes obtained from normal human skin. In contrast, TPA in the concentration range of 10(-12) to 10(-6) g/ml failed to induce deacylation of [3H]arachidonic acid or stimulate [3H]prostaglandin production in prelabelled keratinocytes. In addition, TPA did not induce [3H]choline incorporation into the membrane phospholipids of these cells. The previously reported inability of TPA to stimulate a proliferative response in these cell cultures may be related to the resistance of these cells to TPA-induced alterations of arachidonate metabolism.
Inhibition of cell proliferation and AP-1 activity by acrolein in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells due to thiol imbalance and covalent modifications

Acrolein, a reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is a common environmental pollutant, a metabolite of the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide, and a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. An increase in acrolein production has been proposed as a marker for Alzheimer's disease, diabetic glomerular lesions, and atherosclerosis. Acrolein is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation at nonlethal doses and may act through effects on redox-regulated transcription factors. We previously reported that NF-κB activation is inhibited by acrolein in the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line in an IκB-independent manner [Horton et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 9200−9206]. The current data demonstrate that AP-1 activation in A549 cells is decreased by 26 and 50% at 0.5 and 1 h, respectively, after exposure to 50 fmol/cell (a nonlethal dose) of acrolein. Inhibition of AP-1 activation also occurred following treatment with buthionine sulfoximine to deplete glutathione to the same extent as seen with acrolein. c-jun antisense treatment...
In situ Measures of Head Impact Acceleration in NCAA Division I Men’s Ice Hockey: Implications for ASTM F1045 and Other Ice Hockey Helmet Standards

A pilot study was performed to measure head impact accelerations in collegiate men’s ice hockey during the 2005–2007 seasons using helmets instrumented with Head Impact Telemetry System technology to monitor and record linear head accelerations and impact locations in situ. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify the relationship between resultant peak linear head acceleration and impact location for in situ head impacts in collegiate men’s ice hockey, (2) to quantify the frequency and severity of impacts to the facemask, and (3) to determine if in situ impacts occurred such that the peak resultant linear head acceleration was higher than the peak resultant linear headform acceleration from a 40-in. linear drop (as in ASTM F1045–99) on the same helmet at a similar impact location. Voluntary participants (n=5 and 7 for years 1 and 2, respectively) wore instrumented helmets which monitored head impact accelerations sustained by each player during all games and practices. Head impact data were grouped by impact location into five bins representing top, back, side, forehead, and facemask. Forehead impacts represented impacts to the helmet shell as distinguished from facemask impacts. Additionally, a sample instrumented helmet was impacted in the laboratory at forehead, side, rear, and top impact locations (40-in. drop, three trials per location, test setup as specified in ASTM F1045-99). The mean peak resultant linear headform acceleration for each impact location was determined for analysis. Of the 4,393 recorded head impacts, 33.2 % were to the back of the helmet. This percentage increased to 59.2 % for impacts above 70 g. Facemask impacts accounted for 12.2 % of all impacts but only 2.4 % of impacts above 70 g. Over two seasons, five in situ impacts occurred such that the peak resultant linear head acceleration was greater than the mean peak resultant linear headform acceleration for a corresponding impact location in the laboratory. This study found that the most common impact location in ice hockey, particularly for impacts with higher peak linear accelerations, was the back of the head and demonstrated that facemask impacts were typically of a lower magnitude. The five impacts or ∼0.4 per player/season that exceeded the peak linear acceleration associated with 40-in. laboratory drops suggested that the impact energy specified in ASTM F1045 may not reflect the highest energy impacts seen in situ.
Onward and Upward: Reflections on Community College Library Leadership

Column Editor's Note. Community college librarians often have to cope with fewer resources and more limited staffing than their four-year colleagues, but they also enjoy unique benefits in the area...
Mechanical factors involved in the development of the viscera of the gecko, gymnodactylus kotschyi

The materials were 45 embryos which were serially sectioned and stained, and the viscera of specimens of 15 species of adult geckos. The gecko was used because it is admittedly a very primitive amniote.
EXPRESSION OF RNUDC, A POTENTIAL NUCLEAR MOVEMENT PROTEIN, IN MAMMALIAN CELLS : LOCALIZATION TO THE GOLGI APPARATUS

Prolactin and other cytokines regulate lymphocyte proliferation through the activation of a number of genes, one of which was identified as RnudC from a prolactin-dependent rat T cell line, Nb2. RnudC encodes a 45-kDa protein whose carboxy terminal 94 amino acids are similar to the carboxy terminus of the Aspergillus nidulans nuclear movement protein NUDC. In Nb2 T cells, RNUDC protein levels are induced two- to threefold by prolactin stimulation. This prolactin-inducible increase in RNUDC protein levels is due in part to an increase in RNUDC protein synthesis between 8 and 12 h, during the G1/S transition. Newly synthesized RNUDC protein is very stable, exhibiting a half-life of greater than 8 h. RNUDC has also been identified in many different cell types and species, ranging from fibroblasts to neuronal cells and from mouse to human, suggesting a highly conserved function. Immunocytochemical studies, using affinity-purified rabbit anti-rat RNUDC antibodies, have localized a significant fraction of the RNUDC protein to the region of the Golgi apparatus in interphase rat Nb2 T cells, monkey kidney fibroblast COS-1 cells, and human 2AG10 adenocarcinoma cells. Treatment of 2AG10 cells with the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole, which causes dispersion of the Golgi apparatus, led to a diffuse pattern of RNUDC staining. Removal of nocodazole, which allowed the reformation of the Golgi apparatus, led to the reconcentration of RNUDC staining to the Golgi region. Taken together, these studies suggest that a fraction of RNUDC is tightly associated with the Golgi apparatus in many different mammalian cell types.
Bradykinin- and substance P-induced edema formation in the hamster cheek pouch is tyrosine kinase dependent.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether protein tyrosine kinase, a ubiquitous family of intracellular signaling enzymes that regulates endothelial cell function, modulates bradykinin- an...
Isomer shift of the 2+ state in 160Gd and 158Gd from recoil implantation Mössbauer studies

Abstract The Mossbauer effect observed after recoil implantation of Coulomb excited nuclei has been used to measure the change in nuclear charge radius in the 2+ → 0+ rotational transition of 160Gd and 158Gd. The results (Δ〈r2〉/〈r2〉)158 = 0.6 ± 0.3) × 10−4 and (Δ〈r2〉/〈r2〉)160 = (0.1 ± 0.3) × 10−4 agree with theoretical predictions and indicate the presence of centrifugal stretching.
Cross-Linking Polymerizations in Two-Dimensional Assemblies

Polymerization of monomeric lipids in an assembly proceeds in a linear or cross-linking manner depending on the number of polymerizable groups per monomeric lipid. Lipids that contain a single reactive moiety in either of the hydrophobic tails or associated with the hydrophillic head group yield linear polymers. Polymerization of lipids with reactive groups in each hydrophobic tail generally yield cross-linked polymeric networks. This report describes three approaches to the characterization of the gel point for polymerizations constrained by the two-dimensional nature of lipid bilayers. The gel point for two-dimensional lipid assemblies was determined by correlation of the onset of significant changes in the physical properties of the polymerized bilayers with the bilayer composition. The properties examined in this study were the lateral diffusion of a small molecule probe of the bilayer, the stability of polymerized bilayer vesicles in the presence of surfactants, and the solubility of lipid polymers i...
The Association between Punitive Childhood Experiences and Hyperactivity.

This study compared the abuse histories and home environments of adult males who had been referred for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with that of their nonADHD siblings. Probands and brothers did not differ in their reporting of physical punishment, discipline, parental rejection, or positive parental contact, nor did they differ in their perception of the general atmosphere of their home environments. These findings were generally replicated in a larger sample of ADHD probands, nonADHD brothers and a group of classmate controls. In addition, the relation between severity of hyperactive and aggressive symptoms and degree of abuse was examined within an ADHD sample. Neither the degree of hyperactive symptoms, the degree of aggressive symptoms, nor the interaction of the two was associated with the amount of physical punishment reported. These data challenge the "scapegoat" or "target child" hypothesis prevalent in the child abuse literature by suggesting that punitive parenting may not be significantly controlled by the behavioral characteristics of ADHD children.
The statistics and distribution of helium in the mantle

An unbiased estimate of the ^3He/^4He ratio (R) along the Earth's spreading ridge system is 9.14 ± 3.59 Ra (n = 503) where Ra is the atmospheric ratio (1.38 × 10^6). By arbitrarily excluding all values with R > 11 Ra and from ocean depths less than 2500 meters, I obtain 7.91 ± 1.50 Ra (n = 212), which is close to previous “filtered” estimates based on the hypothesis that the excluded values have been influenced by plumes. These are biased estimates. Based on unbiased statistics, many of the so-called high^(-3)He hotspot regions have isotopic ratios well within the MORB range, and all have absolute ^3He concentrations much less than MORB. The high variance of some oceanic-island data compared to MORB reflects, in part, the difference between a small sample and a large sample, and magma-chamber processes. Values of 11 to 15 Ra are commonly attributed to deep mantle plumes and “indicative of lower mantle involvement,” but these values are within 2σ of the mean and are not exceptional. Much higher values combined with low absolute helium concentrations are commonly associated with the onset of rifting, or volcanism, and may reflect a shallow, or lithospheric, low^(-238)U/^3He (LONU) source. The temporal progression to average MORB-like values suggests that the bulk of the magmas at spreading ridges and large oceanic constructs comes from below the LONU level. The termination of spreading is associated with low ratios, 6 to 7 Ra, similar to values associated with the high^(-238)U/^(204)Pb (HIMU) mantle component and some oceanic islands.
Influence of Void Shape, Void Volume and Matrix Anisotropy on Effective Thermal Conductivity of a Three-Phase Composite

By using high conductivity carbon fibers in a graphitizable carbon matrix, very high values for the thermal conductivity of a composite can be obtained in the direction parallel to the fibers. The ...
Superconducting fluctuations in one-dimensional multiband models.

A renormalization-group and bosonization approach for a multiband Hamiltonian in one dimension is described. Based on the limit of many bands, it is argued that this Hamiltonian with bare repulsive electron-electron interactions is scaled under specific conditions to a model in which superconducting ordering fluctuations dominate.
Measuring melt density in polymer extrusion processes using shear ultrasound waves

Ultrasound shear waves propagating at a frequency of 2.25 MHz are used to measure the density of polymer melt in real time during extrusion process. The acoustic impedance of the polymer melt is calculated using the measured reflection coefficient off the polymer melt interface boundary. A normalisation procedure was developed to normalise for the effect of other process and material parameters not pertinent to the melt density. The ultrasound measurement is independent of the attenuation in the polymer melt and the thickness of the melt stream, which makes this technique highly desirable for heavily loaded polymers and large extrusion dies.
Spectrum Sharing through Contracts for Cognitive Radios

Development of dynamic spectrum access and allocation techniques recently have made feasible the vision of cognitive radio systems. However, a fundamental question arises: Why would licensed primary users of a spectrum band allow secondary users to share the band and degrade performance for them? And how can we design incentive schemes to enable spectrum sharing using cooperative communication schemes? We consider a principal-agent framework, and propose a contracts-based approach. First, a single primary and a single secondary transmitter-receiver pair with a Gaussian interference channel between them are considered. The two users may contract to cooperate in doing successive-interference cancellation. Under full information, we give equilibrium contracts for various channel conditions. These equilibrium contracts yield Pareto-optimal rate allocations when physically possible. We then allow for time-sharing and observe that in equilibrium contracts there is no actual time-sharing. We show that the designed contracts can be made robust to deviation by either user post-contract. We also show how these can be extended to multiple secondary users. We show that under hidden information, when the primary user has a dominant role, neither user has an incentive to lie about their direct channel coefficients, or manipulate the cross channel measurements, and Pareto-optimal outcomes are achieved at equilibrium.
Radiation effects studies at the Advanced Photon Source

At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) concern for radiation-induced demagnetization of the insertion devices (IDs) in the storage ring and in the free-electron laser has initiated systematic radiation effects studies towards the development of efficient techniques for ID protection. The studies include radiation dose monitoring, parametric study of the radiation-induced demagnetization, as well as, potentially, a dedicated radiation effects testbed at the APS providing GeV electron beams. Such studies could also be directly applicable to future generation facilities, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Results and discussion of the radiation damage studies at APS are presented.
A multiple impact program for the treatment of injection phobias

Abstract Three female college students with longstanding histories of aversive reactions to injections were treated by a multifaceted program consisting of prolonged presentations of hierarchical stimuli, in vivo work, modeling, and “homework”. An average of five sessions was needed to complete therapy. Follow-up contacts 6 months after therapy indicated that there had been no return of the original aversive reactions.
Purchasing power parity in high-inflation countries: further evidence

Abstract It has been long recognized that a situation in which the purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations may prove insightful is when large movements in the domestic general price level (usually of monetary origin) overshadow the effects of other factors on the exchange rate. In this paper, we attempt to test the empirical validity of PPP as a long-run equilibrium relationship in a sample of thirteen “high-inflation” countries using quarterly data over the “modern floating” period and recently developed techniques of cointegration and error-correction model. We find empirical evidence in favor absolute or relative versions of PPP in Argentina, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Uruguay, and Yugoslavia. Our results, when analyzed in conjunction with actual inflation rates of these countries, suggest that PPP may hold over a range of inflationary experience; although it is likely to hold more consistently where the inflation rate is very high.
Structural Evaluation and Construction of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Strengthening Systems for the Sauvie Island Bridge

This paper presents the results of a multiphase project aimed at developing composite systems for flexural capacity upgrade of steel girders. This study is divided into three phases; namely 1 large-scale verifications tests of two strengthening systems; 2 field application of the composite systems; and 3 long-term monitoring of the performance strengthening system. The two composite systems that were evaluated in this program are precured carbon/epoxy strip and a composite sandwich system. A description of the field application of the composite systems as well as in situ bondline evaluation of the different adhesive systems is presented. A simplified linear analysis for the H-Lam composite system was developed. The nonlinear behavior of the hybrid composite system was modeled using NASTRAN and GENOA finite-element FE models. A good correlation between the predicted linear and nonlinear FE results and the half-scale tests was achieved. Based on the results of this pilot program, it is concluded that composites can successfully be used for upgrading the flexural capacity of bridge steel girders.
Gender differences in HIV-related stigma in Kenya

Stigma associated with HIV/AIDS directly and indirectly drives HIV transmission. We examined how factors associated with HIV-related stigma differed by gender, using data from the 2008–2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS). Descriptive, bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted on selected HIV-related stigma indicators for men and women. Bivariate analyses showed significant gender differences in the overall HIV Stigma index with a higher proportion of women than men presented at the highest stigma level (4.9% vs 2.7%, p < 0.01). Women were more likely to express higher stigmatic attitudes for all components of stigma measured than men. Multivariate analyses showed that HIV-related knowledge had significant inverse dose-response for both men and women. For instance, compared to women in the first HIV-related knowledge quartile, a 1 unit increase in HIV-related knowledge among women at the third HIV-related knowledge quartile was expected to lead to a 63.8% decrease in...
Adaptive wall functions for the v2-f turbulence model

Adaptive wall functions for the v2-f turbulence model have been derived for the flow over a flat plate at zero pressure gradient. These wall functions were implemented via tables for the turbulence quantities and the friction velocity uτ. A special treatment for the e and f boundary conditions is proposed. On fine grids (y+<1) this approach yields results consistent with the wall integration solution. Detailed numerical results are presented for a zero pressure gradient boundary layer and separated flow over a ramp. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological Evolution of Single-Crystal Ag Nanospheres during the Galvanic Replacement Reaction with HAuCl4

This paper presents a systematic study of the galvanic replacement reaction between 23.5 nm single-crystal Ag nanospheres and HAuCl4 in an aqueous medium. We have monitored both morphological and spectral changes as the molar ratio of HAuCl4 to Ag is increased. The replacement reaction on single-crystal Ag nanospheres results in the formation of a series of hollow and porous nanostructures composed of Au−Ag alloys. By varying the molar ratio of HAuCl4 to Ag, we are able to control the size and density of the pores. In addition, the localized surface plasmon resonance peaks of these nanostructures can be readily tuned from 408 to 791 nm as the product becomes increasingly more hollow and porous.
Conformational studies on the constant region halves of heavy and light chains of human immunoglobulin G.

CD spectra of the constant region halves of human immunoglobulin G heavy and light chains have been studied. These studies demonstrate the presence of some β structured regions in each of the fragments Cκ, Cλ, Fc and pF′c. However, the CD spectral features of these fragments differ from each other to some extent. A comparison between the CD spectra of Fc and pF′c fragments reveals that the constant homology regions in Fc may not exist as independent domains of similar three-dimensional structures. It has also been observed that the constant region halves of heavy and light chains undergo drastic unfolding in acid medium although, interestingly, the same is not true for light-chain variable halves.
Intracellular rotation and the phototropic response of Phycomyces

Experimental evidence indicates that during phototropism, Phycomyces sporangiophores use their own net rotation to convert an apparently spatial stimulus to a temporal one. Conversion to a continuous temporal stimulus insures that phototropism never adapts as long as the spatial asymmetry in illumination is maintained. If this temporal stimulus is circumvented by rotating the cell backwards so that there is no net rotation of some of the receptors relative to the light, the response can be reduced by two-thirds. The system thus adapts to the incident light, resulting in a reduced response. For the illumination of a transparent cell, this compensating rotation speed is 10 degrees/min counterclockwise and probably corresponds to the photoreceptor rotation in the most effective part of the growing zone. We infer that this region is in the upper portion of the growing zone and that the receptor system rotates integrally with that region of the cell.
The communication process in clinical settings

Abstract The communication of information in clinical settings is fraught with problems despite avowed common aims of practitioners and patients. Some reasons for the problematic nature of clinical communication are incongruent frames of reference about what information ought to be shared, sociolinguistic differences and social distance between practitioners and patients. Communication between doctors and nurses is also problematic, largely due to differences in ideology between the professions about what ought to be communicated to patients about their illness and who is ratified to give such information. Recent social changes, such as the Patient Bill of Rights and informed consent which assure access to information, and new conceptualizations of the nurse's role, warrant continued study of the communication process especially in regard to what constitutes appropriate and acceptable information about a patient's illness and who ought to give such information to patients. The purpose of this paper is to outline characteristics of communication in clinical settings and to provide a literature review of patient and practitioner interaction studies in order to reflect on why information exchange is problematic in clinical settings. A framework for presentation of the problems employs principles from interaction and role theory to investigate clinical communication from three viewpoints: (1) the level of shared knowledge between participants; (2) the effect of status, role and ideology on transactions; and (3) the regulation of communication imposed by features of the institution.
Throwing the Voice: Rationalist Mystification in Ventriloquist Films

Abstract:This essay analyzes six ventriloquist films—films that feature a ventriloquist character. Although ventriloquist films span many decades and genres, they consistently engage in rationalist mystification—the process of laying bare the techniques of ventriloquism while simultaneously remystifying the feat by exaggerating the abilities of ventriloquists. Ventriloquist films' consistent rationalist mystification approach reveals cinema's continued concern with tricks and illusions, staples of early cinema. Moreover, ventriloquist films reflect a decided uneasiness about alluding too strongly to sound cinema's bifurcation of image and sound, a concern dating back to the earliest years of sound cinema.
Weakly self-injective semilattices

In this note we characterize weakly self-injective semilattices as Brouwerian semilattices which are compact in the residuated interval topology. We also characterize weakly self-injective semigroups which are semilattices of groups with trivial multiplication.
The use of endovascular techniques for the treatment of complications of aortic dissection

Intravascular ultrasonography, balloon angioplasty, stent placement, and endovascular septal fenestration have been used in the evaluation and treatment of vascular complications of acute and chronic aortic dissection in five patients. There were three men and two women with an average age of 52 years (range 39 to 64 years). There were three chronic type A dissections, one acute type B, and one subacute type B dissection. Intravascular ultrasonography was used in all five cases. The three patients with chronic type A dissections underwent unilateral renal artery angioplasty (RA PTA) and stent placement; one patient with an acute type B dissection and associated fibromuscular dysplasia underwent bilateral RA PTA without stent placement. These procedures were performed to ameliorate severe hypertension. The final patient, with a subacute type B dissection, underwent iliac artery stenting to correct severe lower extremity ischemia. During a second intervention, this patient, who also had bowel ischemia and nonresolving acute renal failure, underwent balloon dilatation of a preexisting septal fenestration to augment visceral blood supply and bilateral RA PTA and stent placement in an effort to improve renal function. This patient eventually died of gut ischemia. After RA PTA and stent placement, one patient had a major intrarenal hemorrhage that required coil embolization and transfusion. In the four survivors, RA PTA and stent placement resulted in immediate improvement in blood pressure control. This response has been sustained during follow-up intervals ranging from 8 to 18 months (average 10 months). Intravascular ultrasonography can clearly demonstrate the pathologic anatomy associated with aortic dissection (even when angiography is ambiguous) and is essential for guiding therapeutic endovascular interventions. Further exploration of the efficacy of these endovascular techniques is warranted in this high-risk group of patients with aortic dissection who have appropriate clinical indications.
Differential Motivating Factors among Intrapreneurial and Traditional Managers?: A Look at the Influence of Reward Systems and Structures on Performance among Intrapreneurial and Traditional Managers.

This paper examines the influence of rewards and structures on the performance of managers in positions defined as intrapreneurial and those defined as traditional managerial. Results indicated that financially oriented rewards and loosely coupled structures more strongly influenced the performance of intrapreneurial managers than the performance of traditional managers. The findings suggest that such measures may be key ingredients to enhance organizational environment.