cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of data base management in design optimization systems

To study the role of data base and data base management system, an interactive design optimization software system called IDESIGN5 is developed to solve nonlinear programming problems. Four promising algorithms are included to overcome the lack of unanimous choice of an algorithm. Tuning parameters and procedures of algorithms are implemented through extensive numerical experimentation. The interactive process consists of menu displays, advice for decisions, and applicable messages. Input data can be created interactively and the designer can change problem parameters, algorithm, and design variable data at any point of execution. If a design variable does not effect the optimization process, it can be given a fixed value interactively. Discrete variable optimization can be performed by using design variable status capability of the system. Graphics facilities are provided for decision making. The system consists of several modules that communicate with each other through a data base managed by a data base management system. Several example problems are solved in batch and interactive environments to test the system.
Bridging the Gap between Accounting Practitioners and Accounting Academicians

(1980). Bridging the Gap between Accounting Practitioners and Accounting Academicians. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 49-51.
Effect of volatile anesthetics on endogenous tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat lung

Volatile anesthetics inhibit the pulmonary inactivation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) possibly via an effect on endogenous lung 5-HT. The consequent higher systemic arterial 5-HT concentrations may predispose the heart to dysrhythmias. The direct effect of the anesthetics on endogenous 5-HT, its metabolites, and precursors in the isolated ventilated perfused rat lung was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Halothane (0.45, 1.4, and 2.3 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)) and 35% nitrous oxide (N2O) increased lung 5-HT (11, 70, 94, and 54% respectively). The effect of 0.45 MAC halothane and 35% N2O on 5-HT was synergistic. Isoflurane (2.9 MAC) had no effect on lung 5-HT. The lung concentration of tryptophan (TRP) was increased 51% by 2.9 MAC isoflurane, but the rate of efflux of TRP from the lung was unchanged. There was no effect of the anesthetics on 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). The ratio of 5-HT: 5-HTP was significantly increased by 2.3 MAC halothane and 0.5 MAC halothane + 35% N2O. The 5-HTP: TRP ratio was unchanged. The metabolite of 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), was not always detected. The results suggest that the increase in lung 5-HT by halothane reflects an increase in 5-HTP decarboxylase activity and that halothane and isoflurane exert selective effects on lung 5-HT synthesis. The results do not support the hypothesis that lung 5-HT controls the inactivation of 5-HT in the pulmonary circulation.
Construction of systematic row–column designs with treatments unconfounded with the linear row × columns and quadratic row × columns interactions

Abstract Sets of mutually orthogonal systematic row–column designs are constructed, in which treatments from each design are orthogonal to each other and to the entire linear row × columns and quadratic row × columns interaction effects.
Postnatal development of biotinylated dextran amine-labeled corpus callosum axons projecting from the visual and auditory cortices to the visual cortex of the rat.

The distribution and morphology of developing corpus callosum (CC) axons in rat visual cortex was studied by unilateral application of the in vivo anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) to the visual or auditory cortex of newborns through adults. Changes in the distribution and morphology of CC axons during development were observed. Following BDA placement only in visual cortex, nearly all CC projections were to visual cortex (homotopic CC projections). At postnatal day (PND) 5–8, labeled CC axons were found throughout the contralateral visual cortex, including area 17; these CC axons could be followed from the white matter to layer I. By PND 13, few CC axons were found in medial area 17, indicating the existence of transitory CC axons in area 17 at younger ages. Morphological changes were investigated at the area 17/18a border and showed that CC axon collaterals were not formed until PND 8, and terminal arbors were not visible until PND 13; by PND 17, the adult CC-axon terminal pattern was present. At all ages, only a few heterotopic CC projections from visual to auditory cortex were found in the gray matter, although many labeled CC axons extended laterally into the white matter underlying the auditory cortex. Following BDA placement only in auditory cortex, CC projections to both auditory (homotopic CC projections) and visual (heterotopic CC projections) cortex were observed. At all ages, the homotopic CC projections were present throughout the auditory cortex, but were not distributed homogeneously; densely labeled CC axons showed a distinct columnar organization. The heterotopic CC projections were present in all visual cortical areas, including medial area 17, in significant numbers until PND 24, but were mostly eliminated by PND 28, at which time a labeling pattern similar to the adult was found. Thus, most of the heterotopic CC projections were transitory. The present study confirms the existence of transitory CC axons projecting through all layers of the visual cortex, as revealed by DiI, and extends the DiI results by showing that these transitory CC axons arise from both homotopic and heterotopic origins. Furthermore, different sources of transitory CC axons have different timetables for elimination.
A single mutational modification of a tryptophan-specific transfer RNA permits aminoacylation by glutamine and translation of the codon UAG.

Abstract In this work we show that the wild-type ( su − 7) progenitor of the recessivelethal suppressors of UAG ( su + 7(UAG)) and of UAA/G ( su + 7(UAA/G)) is the structural gene for transfer RNA Trp , the adaptor for translating the codon UGG. The su + 7(UAG) suppressor form of the tRNA has a C for U substitution in the middle base of the anticodon; in the su + 7(UAA/G) suppressor tRNA both C residues of the anticodon are replaced by U. Our data establish that the mutational change altering the tRNA Trp to a UAG suppressor is accompanied by a loss of tryptophan-accepting specificity and the acquisition of glutamine-acceptor activity.
Surgical biopsy findings in patients with atypical hyperplasia diagnosed by stereotaxic core needle biopsy

Purpose: To correlate the stereotaxic core needle biopsy results with those of surgical biopsy in patients with atypical lobular or ductal hyperplasia (atypical hyperplasia) diagnosed at stereotaxic core needle biopsy (SCNB).
Synthesis and Characterization of Isostructural Metalloporphyrin Chalconitrosyl Complexes Ru(TTP)(NE)Cl (E = O, S) and a Remarkable Thionitrosyl/Nitrite --> Nitrosyl/Thiazate Transformation.

In this communication we describe the following: (1) the synthesis and characterization by far-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and cyclic voltammetry of a new isostructural pair of ruthenium porphyrin complexes Ru(TTP)(NE)Cl (E = O, S); (2) the remarkable transformation of a thionitrosyl/nitrite complex to a nitrosyl/thiazate complex; (3) the crystal structures of two of these derivatives. Together these results suggest that for complexes with strong axially symmetric high-field donor ligands, such as porphyrinato dianions, the nitrosyl ligand is the better {pi}-acceptor. 21 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Virtual fixtures as tools to enhance operator performance in telepresence environments

This paper introduces the notion of virtual fixtures for use in telepresence systems and presents an empirical study which demonstrates that such virtual fixtures can greatly enhance operator performance within remote environments. Just as tools and fixtures in the real world can enhance human performance by guiding manual operations, providing localizing references, and reducing the mental processing required to perform a task, virtual fixtures are computer generated percepts overlaid on top of the reflection of a remote workspace which can provide similar benefits. Like a ruler guiding a pencil in a real manipulation task, a virtual fixture overlaid on top of a remote workspace can act to reduce the mental processing required to perform a task, limit the workload of certain sensory modalities, and most of all allow precision and performance to exceed natural human abilities. Because such perceptual overlays are virtual constructions they can be diverse in modality, abstract in form, and custom tailored to individual task or user needs. This study investigates the potential of virtual fixtures by implementing simple combinations of haptic and auditory sensations as perceptual overlays during a standardized telemanipulation task.
The Ovule and the Embryo Sac.

The plant life cycle is characterized by the alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte. The sporophyte functions to produce spores, which then develop into gametophytes. The differentiated gametophytes in turn produce either the male gametes (sperm) or female gametes (egg cells). In contrast to lower plant species, in which the gametophyte is the dominant, free-living generation (see Cove and Knight, 1993, this issue), gametophytes of angiosperms are smaller and less complex than the sporophyte and are formed within specialized organs of the flower. The male gametophyte (pollen or microgametophyte) develops within the anther, whereas the female gametophyte (embryo sac or megagametophyte) is a product of the ovule. Sexual reproduction requires the delivery of the sperm nuclei, via the pollen, to the embryo sac, where fertilization occurs and the new diploid sporophyte is formed (see Dumas and Mogensen, 1993, this issue).
A generalized system for collaborative on-line data collection

Abstract A generalized file system has been developed to handle the data collection and retrieval needs of physicians working collaboratively in the treatment and study of ischemic heart disease. The system consists of a structure for files of data stored on a direct access device and a series of reentrant system subroutines which access these files. Each file, including the system files, is associated with a file description, which provides the storage and display characteristics of that file to the generalized routines. The routines also form the foundation for various application programs, including one that allows a user to construct a variable length clinical record from the data generated by the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
“Have Fun While You Can,”“You're Only as Old as You Feel,” and “Don't Ever Get Old!”: An Examination of Memorable Messages About Aging

Previous research has indicated memorable messages are important because they provide socializing functions by influencing cognitions and behaviors. This study examined the content, context, and structure of memorable messages about aging from the receiver's perspective. Message senders were older than receivers and tended to be female and family members. Senders usually were perceived to have benevolent motives. Messages did not tend to be rule-structured. Message content pertained to topics like the benefits of aging; aging as a natural, inevitable process; the need to enjoy life; and losses associated with aging. Message effects included viewing aging more positively, viewing aging more negatively, resolving to enjoy life or take better physical care of oneself, and changing relationships with others.
Steady-State Hydrodynamic and Thermal Interactions Between Secondary User-Loops in a Hydraulic Network

Hydraulic networks constitute a fundamental part of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems in buildings and high rises. In order to optimize large and complex networks it is important to understand the effects of operational changes in one loop on the others. The objective of this study is to investigate the time-independent flow and thermal interactions between secondary user-loops, in a hydraulic network that is used for cooling, when the system goes from one steady state to another. The study is experimental and was carried out on a facility which has a primary cooling loop, three secondary loops, and a primary heating loop. The flow was abruptly changed by actuating a valve in one of the loops causing changes in the other two loops. Results show that the change of flow rates and pressure differences in the other two loops are linearly dependent on that in the actuating loop. The dependence is also affected by the initial operational condition of the network. The thermal interaction, however, is different in that it is nonlinearly coupled with the hydrodynamic interaction.© 2005 ASME
Phase structure of liposome in lipid mixtures.

Abstract Gas microbubbles present in ultrasound imaging contrast agents are stabilized by lipid aggregates that typically contain a mixture of lipids. In this study, the phase structure of the lipid mixtures that contained two or three lipids was investigated using three different methods: dynamic light scattering, 1H NMR, and microfluidity measurements with fluorescence probes. Three lipids that are commonly present in imaging agents (DPPC, DPPE-PEG, and DPPA) were used. Two types of systems, two-lipid model systems and simulated imaging systems were investigated. The results show that liposomes were the dominant aggregates in all the samples studied. The polar PEG side chains from the PEGylated lipid lead to the formation of micelles and micellar aggregates in small sizes. In the ternary lipid systems, almost all the lipids were present in bilayers with micelles absent and free lipids at very low concentration. These results suggest that liposomes, not micelles, contribute to the stabilization of microbubbles in an ultrasound imaging contrast agent.
Development and validation of a mathematical model to describe the growth of Pseudomonas spp. in raw poultry stored under aerobic conditions.

Abstract Poultry meat spoils quickly unless it is processed, stored, and distributed under refrigerated conditions. Research has shown that the microbial spoilage rate is predominantly controlled by temperature and the spoilage flora of refrigerated, aerobically-stored poultry meat is generally dominated by Pseudomonas spp. The objective of our study was to develop and validate a mathematical model that predicts the growth of Pseudomonas in raw poultry stored under aerobic conditions over a variety of temperatures. Thirty-seven Pseudomonas growth rates were extracted from 6 previously published studies. Objectives, methods and data presentation formats varied widely among the studies, but all the studies used either naturally contaminated meat or poultry or Pseudomonas isolated from meat or poultry grown in laboratory media. These extracted growth rates were used to develop a model relating growth rate of Pseudomonas to storage or incubation temperature. A square-root equation [Ratkowsky, D.A., Olley, J., McMeekin, T.A., and Ball, A., 1982. Relationship between temperature and growth rate of bacterial cultures. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 149, 1–5.] was used to model the data. Model predictions were then compared to 20 Pseudomonas and 20 total aerobes growth rate measurements collected in our laboratory. The growth rates were derived from more than 600 bacterial concentration measurements on raw poultry at 10 temperatures ranging from 0 to 25 °C. Visual inspection of the data and the indices of bias and accuracy factors proposed by Baranyi et al. [Baranyi, J., Pin, C., and Ross, T., 1999. Validating and comparing predictive models. Int. J. Food Micro. 48, 159–166.] were used to analyze the performance of the model. The experimental data for Pseudomonas showed a 4.8% discrepancy with the predictions and a bias of + 3.6%. Percent discrepancies show close agreement between model predictions and observations, and the positive bias factor demonstrates that the proposed model over-predicts growth rate, thus, can be considered fail-safe. Both Pseudomonas spp. as well as total aerobes may be considered good indicators of poultry spoilage. A properly constructed and validated model for Pseudomonas growth under aerobic conditions can provide a fast and cost-effective alternative to traditional microbiological techniques to estimate the effects of storage temperature on product shelf-life. The model developed here may be used to determine the effect of both initial Pseudomonas concentration and storage temperature on shelf-life of poultry meat under aerobic storage conditions over temperatures from 0 to 25 °C.
The Lonely College Male

Data from 377 anonymous 51-item questionnaires on loneliness were collected from freshman and sophomore students at East Carolina University and analyzed. While most of the students were not lonely, over a quarter (25.9%) of the men and 16.7% of the women agreed that they felt a “deep sense of loneliness.” There were significant gender differences. Men were less likely to be in a love relationship and to know how to make friends. These same men were also more likely to drink alcohol more and to view themselves as “losers.” Social learning and social script theory provide insights into these findings. Men may not be socialized to value friendships or to learn how to initiate, nurture and maintain close relationships. Implications and limitations of the data are suggested.
An attempt at the achievement of acquired tolerance of skin homografts in post-natal life.

Wahrend 3 Wochen wurden zwei geschlechtsreifen Mausen Thymusextrakte aus Schweinefruhfrucht subkutan bzw. intraperitoncal injiziert. Implantierte Hautlappchen aus gattungsfremder Maus ergab Einwachsen vom Rande her und dauerhafte Implantate ohne Schwundtendenz.
A Convenient Synthesis of α-Fenchol from trans-2-Pinanol Using a Solid Acid Catalyst

ABSTRACT trans-2-Pinanol was directly rearranged to give α-fenchol in good yield by heating with aluminum phosphate as a solid acid catalyst.
laws and their stability

Many philosophers have believed that the laws of nature differ from the accidental truths in their invariance under counterfactual perturbations. Roughly speaking, the laws would still have held had q been the case, for any q that is consistent with the laws. (Trivially, no accident would still have held under every such counterfactual supposition.) The main problem with this slogan (even if it is true) is that it uses the laws themselves to delimit q’s range. I present a means of distinguishing the laws (and their logical consequences) from the accidents, in terms of their range of invariance under counterfactual antecedents, that does not appeal to physical modalities (or any cognate notion) in delimiting the relevant range of counterfactual perturbations. I then argue that this approach explicates the sense in which the laws possess a kind of necessity.
Carbohydrate utilization by Entamoeba histolytica.

Abstract Serial cultures of several strains of Entamoeba histolytica were readily established in modified Shaffer-Frye (MS-F) medium in which glucose had been replaced by maltose or amylopectin. However, when the horse serum of the MS-F medium was replaced by inactivated human serum, only the Laredo strain, of those tested, could be serially passaged with amylopectin or rice powder as the source of carbohydrate and marginal growth was obtained with maltose. It was found that maltose or amylopectin was hydrolyzed to yield free glucose when these substrates were incubated at 37 °C in MS-F containing horse serum. Inactivated human serum could not replace horse serum in the latter experiment. It was confirmed by spectrophotometric assays that the horse serum contained high α-glucosidase activity, whereas, the human serum had none. Extracts of amebal trophozoites yielded only slight amounts of α-glucosidase activity, as did extracts of Bacteroides symbiosus, the associate organism in MS-F cultures. Evidence is presented indicating that the atypical Laredo strain (a low-temperature strain) requires only about 0.01% glucose in the medium for serial cultivation. Typical strains die out after a few passages at the latter concentration of glucose. Only the Laredo strain is capable of growing on maltose or starch when serum hydrolases are absent. From these findings it appears that maltose is not utilized as a carbohydrate source by typical E. histolytica.
Discrimination between RRR- and all-racemic-α-tocopherols labeled with deuterium by patients with abetalipoproteinemia

Abstract The ability to discriminate between stereoisomers of a-tocopherol was studied in five patients with abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) because an impairment in secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins might impede the normally enhanced plasma transport of RRR-a-tocopherol. An oral dose containing 3.7 g of each 2R,4′R,8′R-α-[5-C 2 H 3 ]tocopheryl acetate (d 3 RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate) and 2RS,4′RS,8′RS-α-[5,7-(C 2 H 3 ),]tocopheryl acetate (d 6 all rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) was administered, then the labeled and unlabeled a-tocopherol contents of plasma and red blood cells from multiple blood samples obtained at selected times up to 72 h following the dose were quantitated. ABL plasma contained about 1%–10% of the d 3 -RRR-a-tocopherol concentrations of normal subjects given only 150 mg of each isotope. Three of the patients discriminated between forms of a-tocopherol with ratios of RRR-/allrac-α-tocopherol ≥ 1.8, similar to normals. These data suggest that the hepatic tocopherol binding protein is present and functional in ABL patients. Although two of the patients did not discriminate between stereoisomers of a-tocopherol, it is likely that this resulted from nearly a complete block in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. Thus, the ability of ABL patients to absorb and transport orally administered vitamin E is markedly impaired and variable among patients.
Leadership sagacity and its relationship with individual creative performance and innovation

Purpose – The creativity literature has largely overlooked an important construct associated with progressing beyond individual creative performance (i.e. the generation of an idea) to innovation (i.e. the implementation of an idea). That missing construct is leadership sagacity. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the role that sagacity plays between individual creative and innovative work. The authors also aim to discuss the importance of obtaining empirical organizational evidence that creative performance mediates the relationship between leadership supportive behavior and innovation as leadership sagacity plays an integral role among these vital relationships.Design/methodology/approach – The authors provide theoretical reasoning for why sagacity is an important construct with regard to the relationships among leadership supportive behavior, individual creativity and innovation.Findings – It is concluded that leadership sagacity is key to the production of innovative work.Practical implicat...
Existence of Solutions of N/D Equations

The manifold of solutions of certain classes of N/D equations is considered, under the restriction that the scattering amplitude have a uniform bound in all complex directions. Two cases are treated: (i) The N integral equation is Fredholm, but the associated homogeneous equation may have solutions; (ii) the equation has the marginally singular behavior characteristic of an asymptotically constant left‐hand cut discontinuity. The existence theorem in the latter case proceeds by the construction of the appropriate resolvent.
Candidate loci for insulin sensitivity and disposition index from a genome-wide association analysis of Hispanic participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis (IRAS) Family Study

The majority of type 2 diabetes genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to date have been performed in European-derived populations and have identified few variants that mediate their effect through insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate two quantitative, directly assessed measures of insulin resistance, namely insulin sensitivity index (SI) and insulin disposition index (DI), in Hispanic-American participants using an agnostic, high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scan, and to validate these findings in additional samples. A two-stage GWAS was performed in Hispanic-American samples from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study. In Stage 1, 317,000 SNPs were assessed using 229 DNA samples. SNPs with evidence of association with glucose homeostasis and adiposity traits were then genotyped on the entire set of Hispanic-American samples (n = 1,190). This report focuses on the glucose homeostasis traits: SI and DI. Although evidence of association did not reach genome-wide significance (p = 5 × 10−7), in the combined analysis SNPs had admixture-adjusted p values of p ADD = 0.00010–0.0020 with 8 to 41% differences in genotypic means for SI and DI. Several candidate loci were identified that are nominally associated with SI and/or DI in Hispanic-American participants. Replication of these findings in independent cohorts and additional focused analysis of these loci is warranted.
FM Telemetry for Multiple Force Measurements on Free-Flying Models

The extension of the FM telemetry technique to provide simultaneous measurements of four forces acting on a free-flight aerodynamic model is reported. Developments and procedures required to achieve the accuracy, linearity, and stability necessary for obtaining dynamic stability coefficients are described. System accuracy is believed to be better than 3 percent. Free-flight data, presented in the form of aerodynamic stability derivatives, are in good agreement with measurements taken by conventional methods under the same aerodynamic conditions.
Cardiac Structure and Diastolic Function in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Context: Data on the presence, extent, and reversibility of cardiovascular disease in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are conflicting. Objective: To evaluate the heart in PHPT, we assessed cardiac structure and diastolic function in patients with mild PHPT compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Design: This was a case-control study. Settings: The study was conducted in a university hospital Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit. Participants: Fifty-four men and women with PHPT and 76 controls without PHPT participated in the study. Outcome Measures: We measured left ventricular mass index (LVMI), the presence of mitral annular calcification, the ratio of early to late diastolic mitral inflow velocities (E/A), and early diastolic velocity of the lateral mitral annulus using Doppler tissue imaging (tissue Doppler e′). Results: Patients had mild disease with mean (±sd) serum calcium 10.5 ± 0.5 mg/dl and PTH 96 ± 45 pg/ml. LVMI and diastolic function were normal in PHPT. There was no difference in LVMI (98 ± ...
Generation and maintenance of memory CD4(+) T Cells.

In the course of an immune response to an infectious microbe, pathogen-specific naive CD4 + T cells proliferate extensively and differentiate into effector cells. Most of these cells die rapidly, but a small fraction of effector cells persist as memory cells to confer enhanced protection against the same pathogen. Recent advances indicate that strong TCR stimulation during the primary response is essential for the generation of long-lived memory CD4 + T cells. Memory cells appear to be derived equally from all subsets of effector cells, and memory cells can also acquire additional functional capabilities during the secondary response. Resting memory CD4 + cells are dependent on signals from contact with IL-7 and IL-15, but not MHC class II, for their survival and intermittent homeostatic proliferation.
Using code metric histograms and genetic algorithms to perform author identification for software forensics

We have developed a technique to characterize software developers- styles using a set of source code metrics. This style fingerprint can be used to identify the likely author of a piece of code from a pool of candidates. Author identification has applications in criminal justice, corporate litigation, and plagiarism detection. Furthermore, we can identify candidate developers who share similar styles, making our technique useful for software maintenance as well. Our method involves measuring the differences in histogram distributions for code metrics.Identifying a combination of metrics that is effective in distinguishing developer styles is key to the utility of the technique. Our case study involves 18 metrics, and the time involved in exhaustive searching of the problem space prevented us from adding additional metrics. Using a genetic algorithm to perform the search, we were able to find good metric combinations in hours as opposed to weeks. The genetic algorithm has enabled us to begin adding new metrics to our catalog of available metrics. This paper documents the results of our experiments in author identification for software forensics and outlines future directions of research to improve the utility of our method.
Antineoplastic agents 397: Isolation and structure of sesterstatins 4 and 5 from hyrtios erecta (the republic of maldives)

Abstract The wide ranging marine sponge Hyrtios erecta is the source of the spongistatins, a new class of macrocyclic lactone antineoplastic agents. Continuation of a detailed investigation of cancer cell growth inhibitory (P388 lymphocytic leukemia) fractions (trace) from H. erecta has revealed the presence (10−5 to 10−7% yield) of cytotoxic pentacyclic sesterterpenes. Employing P388 leukemia and human tumor cell line-guided bioassay techniques, two new moderate inhibitors of cancer cells were isolated and named sesterstatins 4 (1a, P388 ED50 4.9 μg/mL) and 5 (1b, DU-145 prostate GI50 1.9 μg/mL). Similar to other sesterterpenes, sesterstatin 5 inhibited growth of a Gram-positive bacterium. High field (500 MHz) 2-D NMR techniques were primarily employed for initial structural assignments, and structural assignments were confirmed by X-ray crystal structure determination of sesterstatin 4 (1a) and 5 (1b).
Polar magnetic flux on the Sun in 1996-2003 from SOHO/MDI data

Polarity of the polar magnetic fields on the Sun changes in every 11-year sunspot cycle, affecting the large-scale structure of the corona and heliosphere. Using the SOHO/MDI data, the flux of the radial component of the magnetic field is estimated for different latitudinal zones. It is estimated that the total magnetic flux of the Northern polar zone, from $78^{\circ}$ to $88^{\circ}$, is about $1.5{-}1.7 \times 10^{22}$ Mx, and it is about $2.3{-}2.5\times 10^{22}$ Mx in the similar Southern polar zone. The new data reveal an interesting result that the total polar magnetic fluxes do not vary significantly during the polar magnetic field reversals in both hemispheres, while the positive and negative parts of the total fluxes do change.
A hybrid simulation methodology for modeling dynamic recrystallization in UO2 LWR nuclear fuels

High burn-up, rim structures within uranium dioxide (UO2) light water reactor fuels exhibit marked differences in microstructure that are attributed to dynamic recrystallization. The recrystallization process has three distinct, interacting components: damage accumulation, nucleation and growth of damage-free regions, and subsequent evolution of recrystallized grains. In this paper, microstructural-scale simulation techniques for all three processes are presented and assembled into a hybrid tool for modeling the entire dynamic recrystallization process. The components of the model include a phenomenological model for damage accumulation and nucleation, a Cellular Automaton (CA) model for the growth and impingement of recrystallized grains, and a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) Potts model for subsequent grain growth. Preliminary results of the hybrid model demonstrate the evolution of a steady state grain size. Parametric simulations show the dependence of the steady state grain size on physical variables and on system size.
Uracil-DNA glycosylase activity from Dictyostelium discoideum

Abstract We have isolated and partially characterized a uracil-DNA glycosylase activity from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. This glycosylase has a broad pH optimum (6.5–8.5) and is fully active in 10 mM EDTA or in 5 mM Mg2+. Its molecular weight by gel filtration is about 55 000. This enzyme activity may work in concert with previously described apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activities in the excision repair of uracil from the DNA of this lower eukaryote.
Erythromycin Resistance Mutations in Ribosomal Proteins L22 and L4 Perturb the Higher Order Structure of 23 S Ribosomal RNA

We have used chemical modification to examine the conformation of 23 S rRNA in Escherichia coli ribosomes bearing erythromycin resistance mutations in ribosomal proteins L22 and L4. Changes in reactivity to chemical probes were observed at several nucleotide positions scattered throughout 23 S rRNA. The L4 mutation affects the reactivity of G799 and U1255 in domain II and that of A2572 in domain V. The L22 mutation influences modification in domain II at positions m5U747, G748, and A1268, as well as at A1614 in domain III and G2351 in domain V. The reactivity of A789 is weakly enhanced by both the L22 and L4 mutations. None of these nucleotide positions has previously been associated with macrolide antibiotic resistance. Interestingly, neither of the ribosomal protein mutations produces any detectable effects at or within the vicinity of A2058 in domain V, the site most frequently shown to confer macrolide resistance when altered by methylation or mutation. Thus, while L22 and L4 bind primarily to domain I of 23 S rRNA, erythromycin resistance mutations in these ribosomal proteins perturb the conformation of residues in domains II, III and V and affect the action of antibiotics known to interact with nucleotide residues in the peptidyl transferase center of domain V. These results support the hypothesis that ribosomal proteins interact with rRNA at multiple sites to establish its functionally active three-dimensional structure, and suggest that these antibiotic resistance mutations act by perturbing the conformation of rRNA.
An Improved Long-Run Model for Multiple Warehouse Location

This paper proposes an improved model for solving the long-run multiple warehouse location problem. The approach used provides a synthesis of a mixed integer programming formulation for the single-period warehouse location model with a dynamic programming procedure for finding the optimal sequence of configurations over multiple periods. We show that only the Rt, best rank order solutions in any single period need be considered as candidates for inclusion in the optimal multi-period solution. Thus the computational feasibility of the dynamic programming procedure is enhanced by restricting the state space to these Rt best solutions. Computational results on the ranking procedure are presented, and a problem involving two plants, five warehouses, 15 customer zones, and five periods is solved to illustrate the application of the method.
16-channel coarse wavelength division multiplexing transmission over 70 km of low-water-peak fiber with 40-Gb/s aggregate capacity

An ITU G.652.C-compliant low water peak (LWP) single-mode fiber used with low-cost, full-spectrum, coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) transmission system [ ] optimizes bandwidth and distance reach for moderate bandwidth, un-amplified, metro/access networks. In this work, we used low-cost active and passive full spectrum CWDM devices to achieve 16-channel error-free transmission (1310 nm - 1610 nm) at 2.5 Gb/s per channel over 50 km of LWP fiber. The aggregate capacity of 40 Gb/s is 33% greater than standard fibers with inherently higher attenuation at 1383 nm. At 50 km, ITU G.652-compliant standard single-mode fiber excessively attenuates the four channels between 1370 nm and 1430 nm. Additional testing utilizing Avalanche PhotoDiode (APD) receivers is demonstrated to extend the LWP fiber distance reach to nearly 70 km [ ] for all 16 channels between 1310 nm and 1610 nm. The transmission equipment included 16 un-cooled distributed-feedback (DFB) laser transceivers and a pair of 16-channel mux/demux modules. All 16 channels showed Q-factors (20logQ) exceeding 18 dB over 50 km of LWP fiber, corresponding to a BER well below 10-15. The standard single-mode fiber exhibited excess loss near 1383 nm, resulting in failure of three channels due to receiver shutdown, with a fourth channel performing at marginal operation with a bit error rate (BER) of 10-9. The dispersion power penalty was negligible for O-band (1260 nm - 1360 nm) channels, increasing to about 1 dB for L-band (1565 nm - 1625 nm) [ ] channels. Robust, error-free operation was achieved for ambient temperatures up to 50 °C for representative channels across the CWDM bands from 1310 nm to 1610 nm. These results demonstrate that a G.652.C, LWP fiber enables optimal transmission distance and optimizes low-cost transmission technology [4] for moderate bandwidth, un-amplified, metro/access networks through full-spectrum CWDM with an aggregate capacity of 40 Gb/s.
Variable RXR requirements for thyroid hormone responsiveness of endogenous genes

Thyroid hormone receptors heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors in vitro and it is widely assumed that these heterodimers mediate the T3 induction of target genes. However, the importance of RXR for the T3 induction of endogenous genes has not been assessed. We used cDNA microarrays to identify 54 genes induced by T3 in Neuro2a cells that express thyroid hormone receptor beta. RNA interference-mediated knock down of endogenous RXRs showed that these genes vary from being highly dependent on RXR for T3 induction to being independent of RXR. Thus, the availability of RXR may differentially regulate the T3 induction of subsets of genes within a cell. Furthermore, coregulatory proteins that preferentially interact with TR homodimers or RXR-TR heterodimers may further expand the range of T3 response for genes within the same cell.
Design considerations for integral flux compression generator/pulse forming network

The use of axial explosive initiation systems enables the design of explosive-driven power supplies that are, in effect, integral explosive generators and pulse forming circuits in one package. We feature the magnetically insulated ion diode as a low impedance load, about 1 to 2 Ohms, that would be appropriate for one of these designs. Of the several generator studies of simultaneous helical generators presented in several conferences, we chose a conceptual design by Caird and Fowler that was presented in the 4/sup th/ Megagauss Technology and Pulsed Applications Conference in 1986 for this modeling study. The results of this study are very encouraging. The original model may be used with different parameters to begin to design a simultaneous helical generator that produces a generator impedance, dL/sub g//dt, /spl lsim/1 Ohm, peak currents of about 500 kA, and peak voltages of about 500 kV with a pulse width of /spl lsim/1 /spl mu/s.
Chemically Prepared Lead Magnesium Niobate Dielectrics

A chemical solution powder synthesis technique has been developed that produces fine uniform powders of lead magnesium niobate (PMN) with 60 to 80 nm crystallite size. The synthesis technique was based on the dissolution of lead acetate and alkoxide precursors in acetic acid followed by precipitation with oxalic acid/propanol solutions. Lead magnesium niobate ceramics fabricated from these chemically derived powders had smaller, more uniform grain size and higher dielectric constants than ceramics fabricated from mixed oxide powders that were processed under similar thermal conditions.
Cosmic curvature from de Sitter equilibrium cosmology

I show that the de Sitter Equilibrium cosmology generically predicts observable levels of curvature in the Universe today. The predicted value of the curvature depends only on the ratio of the density of non-relativistic matter to energy density in cosmological constant, and the value of the curvature from the initial bubble that starts the inflation. The result is independent of the scale of inflation, the shape of the potential during inflation, and many other details of the cosmology. Future cosmological measurements of the matter density, cosmological constant and curvature will open up a window on the very beginning of our Universe and offer an opportunity to support or falsify the de Sitter Equilibrium cosmology.
Early jointing in coal and black shale: Evidence for an Appalachian-wide stress field as a prelude to the Alleghanian orogeny

Early ENE-striking joints (present coordinates) within both Pennsylvanian coal and Devonian black shale of the Central and Southern Appalachians reflect an approximately rectilinear stress field with a dimension > 1500 km. This Appalachian-wide stress field (AWSF) dates from the time of joint propagation, when both the coal and shale were buried to the oil window during the 10-15 m.y. period straddling the Pennsylvanian-Permian boundary. The AWSF was generated during the final assembly of Pangea as a consequence of plate-boundary tractions arising from late-stage oblique convergence, where maximum horizontal stress, S-H, of the AWSF was parallel to the direction of closure between Gondwana and Laurentia. After closure, the AWSF persisted during dextral slip of peri-Gondwanan microcontinents, when SH appears to have crosscut plate-scale trans-current faults at around 30{sup o}. Following > 10 m.y. of dextral slip during tightening of Gondwana against Laurentia, the AWSF was disrupted by local stress fields associated with thrusting on master basement decollements to produce the local orocline-shaped Alleghanian map pattern seen today.
Two Components of the Delayed Rectifier K+ Current in Ventricular Myocytes of the Guinea Pig Type Theoretical Formulation and Their Role in Repolarization

Two distinct delayed rectifier K+ currents, IKr and IKs, were found recently in ventricular cells. We formulated these currents theoretically and investigated their roles in action potential repolarization and the restitution of action potential duration (APD). The Luo-Rudy (L-R) model of the ventricular action potential was used in the simulations. The single delayed rectifier K+ current in the model was replaced by IKr and IKs. Our results show that IKs is the major outward current during the plateau repolarization. A specific block of either IKr or IKs can effectively prolong APD to the same degree. Therefore, either channel provides a target for class III antiarrhythmic drugs. In the simulated guinea pig ventricular cell, complete block of IKr does not result in early afterdepolarizations (EADs). In contrast, > 80% block of IKs results in abnormal repolarization and EADs. This behavior reflects the high IKs-to-IKr density ratio (approximately 8:1) in this cell and can be reversed (ie, IKr block can cause EADs) by reducing the ratio of IKs to IKr. The computed APD restitution curve is consistent with the experimental behavior, displaying fast APD variation at short diastolic intervals (DIs) and downward shift at longer DIs with the decrease of basic drive cycle length (BCL). Examining the ionic currents and their underlying kinetic processes, we found that activation of both IKr and IKs is the primary determinant of the APD restitution at shorter DIs, with Ca2+ current through L-type channels (ICa) playing a minor role. The rate of APD change depends on the relative densities of IKr and IKs; it increases when the IKr-to-IKs density ratio is large. The BCL-dependent shift of restitution at longer DIs is primarily attributed to long-lasting changes in [Ca2+]i. This in turn causes different degrees of Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of ICa and different degrees of Ca(2+)-dependent conductance of IKs at very long DIs (> 5 s) for different BCLs. This BCL dependence of ICa and IKs that is secondary to long-lasting changes in [Ca2+]i is responsible for APD changes at long DIs and can be viewed as a "memory property" of cardiac cells.
Concept Abstractness and the Representation of Noun–Noun Combinations

Research on noun–noun combinations has been largely focusing on concrete concepts. Three experiments examined the role of concept abstractness in the representation of noun–noun combinations. In Experiment 1, participants provided written interpretations for phrases constituted by nouns of varying degrees of abstractness. Interpretive focus (the modifier, the head noun, or both) for each noun–noun phrase was evaluated. In Experiment 2, a different group of participants directly indicated which noun, the modifier or the head noun, was the focus of the meaning of each noun–noun phrase. Finally, participants in Experiment 3 assessed similarity of noun–noun phrases with overlapping modifiers. If abstractness of constituent nouns affects information distribution between modifier and head noun, it would accordingly affect similarity ratings for noun–noun phrases with overlapping modifiers. Results showed that the pattern of information distribution within a noun–noun phrase differed between phrases with abstract head nouns and phrases with concrete head nouns. Specifically, the center of representation was more on the head noun side for phrases with concrete head nouns, whereas the center seemed to shift to the direction of the modifier for phrases with abstract head nouns. Some issues related to effects of concept abstractness on noun–noun combinations are discussed.
Toward a Theory of Political Parties

$4.00. Joseph N. Moody, ed., Church and Society: Catholic Social and Political Thought and Movements, 1789-1950, New York, Arts, Inc., 1953, 914 pp. $12.00. M. G. Lange, Totalitdre Erziehung (Schriften des Instituts fur Politische Wissenschaft, No. 3), Frankfurt a.M., Verlag der Frankfurter Hefte, 1954. DM 21.80. Maurice Duverger, Les Partis Politiques, Paris, Librairie Armand Colin, 1951, 476 pp. i,ioo fr. G. E. Lavau, Partis Politiques et Realites Sociales (Cahiers de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, No. 38), Paris, Librairie Armand Colin, 1953, 169 pp. 65o fr.
The Morphable Nanoprocessor Architecture: Reconfiguration at Runtime

Nanoprocessor architectures enable reconfiguration to optimize the hardware for a target appliction. Previous research proposes fixing the nanoprocessor configuration at compile time [10], [6], [13]. Runtime reconfiguration enables a nanoprocessor architecture to "learn" a more optimal way to use computational and memory resources in a changing computational environment. We propose two methods to reconfigure the nanoprocessor architecture at runtime: dynamic prefetching and dynamic simultaneous multi-threading. The dynamic prefetching engine optimizes its performance and resource utilization by changing its configuration. Dynamic simultaneous multithreading varies the number of concurrently running threads to optimize the tradeoff between thread-level and instruction-level parallelism.
The release and stability of the large subunit of DNA from T2 and T4 bacteriophage.

T2 and T4 bacteriophage have been exposed to various treatments which are known to release the encapsulated DNA. The unseparated reaction products have been examined by autoradiography. The results indicate the presence of one large subunit of DNA (molecular weight 45 x 106) for each former phage particle. Some smaller subunits of molecular weight 12 x 106 have been observed. The large subunit is sensitive to very small amounts of DNAase, and is resistant to mixed proteases and cannot be dispersed by banding in cesium chloride density gradients. The sensitivity to fragmentation by P32 decay and the increase in this sensitivity following heat treatment are best explained by assuming that the large subunit is a duplex of polynucleotide strands over most of its length. The presence of hypothetical non-DNA interconnections is considered.