cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An inquiry into the availability of Canadian fiction in U.S. libraries with special attention to the influence of reviews

Abstract In order to investigate the availability of Canadian fiction in U.S. libraries and the influence of reviews in U.S. sources on this availability, 182 “Novels” that had been reviewed in Canadian Book Review Annual were searched in the OCLC data base and in Book Review Index. Findings suggest that Canadian fiction is widely owned by U.S. libraries only when a work has been reviewed in U.S. sources—especially Booklist, Kirkus, Library Journal, and Publishers Weekly. Furthermore, results suggest that Canadian fiction is normally reviewed in U.S. sources only when the work is available in a U.S. edition. Anomalies are noted and suggestions are made for further research .
Tracks to Change or Mixed Signals? A Review of the Anglo-Saxon Literature on the Economic and Spatial Impacts of High-Speed Rail

ABSTRACTThe economic development and spatial impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) are quite varied and mixed. Studies of economic impacts of HSR fall into two categories: predictions and empirical observations. We first review studies that examine predicted HSR impacts related to job growth, real estate development, and other economic effects. These are followed by studies examining observed effects of realized projects using the same categories. Several patterns emerge. Predictive studies are largely optimistic of the rail's positive effects. On the other hand, observational studies tend to identify both benefits and shortfalls. Yet, neither of these patterns are universal and depend on a number of other factors. One consistent pattern is that gains associated with HSR appear to be stronger in first-tier cities. Nevertheless, certain small towns and second-tier cities have undergone noteworthy transformations as a result of HSR, especially where the public sector has actively pursued new investment.
Honoring the life and legacy of Michael J. Driver, 1936‐2004

Purpose – This special issue honors the life and legacy of Michael J. Driver, a renowned scholar whose contributions to research on careers, decision‐making, and cognitive style made an indelible impact on these fields. His often‐groundbreaking work spanning more than 40 years impacted the lives of those whom he taught, mentored, consulted and collaborated with. Dr Driver's impact continues to be felt, as can be seen in the pages of this special issue, which highlights the Driver‐inspired research of several former students who later became colleagues.Design/methodology/approach – Over the last four decades, Mike Driver has helped shape the way we think about and research careers and career‐related issues. To illustrate some of this impact, we provide a first broad retrospective of his life and career and then four articles – written by former students and colleagues of his – that build on Mike's work in careers, decision making and cognitive style. Reflecting on this collection allows the reader to take ...
Geographic distribution of synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to Texas poison centers.

Background: Synthetic cannabinoids have recently gained popularity as recreational drugs because they provide a marijuana-like high and cannot be detected in typical urine drug screens. However, the use of synthetic cannabinoids may result in a variety of adverse effects. Objectives: The intent of this investigation was to determine whether synthetic cannabinoid exposures in Texas demonstrated any geographic variation. Methods: A total of 1037 synthetic cannabinoid exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2010–2011 were identified and the county and Texas Public Health Region (PHR) where the call originated from ascertained. The distribution of exposures by county and PHR was determined. Results: Synthetic cannabinoid exposures were reported in 124 of the 254 Texas counties (mean exposures per county 4.1, range 0–179). The exposure rate among the 11 PHRs varied from 2.79 to 7.14 per 100,000 population. The rate was 4.02 in urban counties and 4.90 in rural counties. Conclusion: Synthetic cannabino...
AIP1/ALIX Is a Binding Partner for HIV-1 p6 and EIAV p9 Functioning in Virus Budding

HIV-1 and other retroviruses exit infected cells by budding from the plasma membrane, a process requiring membrane fission. The primary late assembly (L) domain in the p6 region of HIV-1 Gag mediates the detachment of the virion by recruiting host Tsg101, a component of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) machinery. We now show that HIV Gag p6 contains a second region involved in L domain function that binds AIP1, a homolog of the yeast class E Vps protein Bro1. Further, AIP1 interacts with Tsg101 and homologs of a subunit of the yeast class E Vps protein complex ESCRT-III. AIP1 also binds to the L domain in EIAV p9, and this binding correlates perfectly with L domain function. These observations identify AIP1 as a component of the viral budding machinery, which serves to link a distinct region in the L domain of HIV-1 p6 and EIAV p9 to ESCRT-III.
Current methods of tubal patency assessment

Objective To evaluate the scientific literature on current methods of uterine cavity and tubal patency assessment. Design Review of literature and appraisal of relevant articles using MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, and Cochrane on-line databases. Result(s) Current pelvic imaging subfertility investigations are compared with the gold standard laparoscopy. The technical aspects, associated risks, potential advantages, and weighted utility of each screening study are discussed. A comprehensive analysis of the clinical evidence regarding the safety, tolerance, and accuracy of hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography compared with alternative screening studies and/or laparoscopy is reviewed. Conclusion(s) Increasing evidence supports the more recently described hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography procedure as an acceptable screening study for the subfertile patient with the potential advantage that it is a comprehensive evaluation, methodologically simple, cost effective, and time efficient.
The statistical particle growth law in self-similar coarsening

Abstract The classical method of Lifshitz and Slyozov (LS) for the analysis of coarsening is generalized by starting with a statistical particle growth law of the form R c γ 〈 R ¦R〉 = f(ϱ) , where R is the volume equivalent radius, Rc its critical value, ϱ = R/Rc, and 〈 R ¦R〉 is the average value of R = d R/ d t for a given R. For a given γ and function ƒ(ϱ), the results are the same as obtained from the original deterministic theory based on Ṙ in place of 〈 R ¦R〉 , but the scope of the statistically based theory is somewhat greater. It is then shown that, under very general assumptions, a statistical growth law of the form stated above must hold for the particular case of the self-similar distribution of any system undergoing self-similar coarsening. Furthermore, a formula is given that allows one to calculate 〈 R ¦R〉 from the experimental distribution function P(ϱ) and the time dependence of 〈R〉. The theoretical results are discussed and illustrated by comparing them with simulation results for a linear bubble model undergoing coarsening.
Quality and inventory issues within the newsboy problem

Abstract Most inventory models assume that the production lot size does not contain any defectives. Clearly, this assumption does not reflect the reality of most manufacturing systems. The number of defects in a production lot depends on the manufacturing technology implemented by the firm. In this paper we study the decision of a firm seeking to replace its existing manufacturing technology with an improved one. Furthermore, we study the effect the quality of the technology has on the optimal production lot size. In this paper, we formulate a two-stage stochastic programming problem. In the second stage, the optimal production lot size is derived for a given manufacturing technology and a given demand forecast. This derivation is provided under the framework of the one-period inventory problem while maintaining a minimal service level. In the first stage, and using the optimal production lot size of the second stage problem, an optimal manufacturing technology that minimizes the total expected cost to the firm is implemented. An algorithm to find an optimal solution is presented. A numerical example illustrates the results.
MTB, the murine homolog of condensin II subunit CAP-G2, represses transcription and promotes erythroid cell differentiation

Chromosome condensation is essential for proper segregation of duplicated sister chromatids in mitosis. Mammalian erythroid maturation is also associated with gradual nuclear condensation. However, few proteins that are directly involved in chromosome condensation during erythropoiesis have been identified. In this report, we show that MTB (more than blood), which was initially isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein stem cell leukemia (SCL), and later identified as the murine homolog of the condensin II subunit CAP-G2, participates in erythroid cell development. MTB interacts with SCL and another hematopoietic bHLH protein, E12, and is recruited to the nucleus by SCL and E12. In addition, MTB can repress SCL/E12-mediated transcriptional activation. Consistent with the model that MTB may function together with SCL/E12 heterodimer during erythroid cell development, MTB is highly expressed in the erythroid lineage and is upregulated upon erythroid differentiation. Moreover, overexpression of MTB promotes the terminal differentiation of the murine erythroleukemia erythroid cell line. Together, these findings demonstrate that the condensin II subunit MTB/mCAP-G2 plays a novel function during erythropoiesis and suggest that key hematopoietic transcription factors such as SCL and E12 may regulate the terminal differentiation of hematopoietic cells through the interaction with condensin complexes.
Langevin-equation analysis of a small-capacitance double junction.

The analysis of small-capacitance tunnel junctions is complicated by the fact that the connecting leads play a significant role. The most successful approach to the single-junction case utilizes the quantum Langevin equation, a technique pioneered by Cleland, Schmidt, and Clarke [Phys. Rev. B 45, 2950 (1992)]. Here, we apply a generalization of the same method to the double-junction case, obtaining satisfactory agreement with existing experiments.
Prostatic fluid analysis in spinal-cord-injured patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.

Objective. Recurrent urinary tract infections are common in spinal-cord-injured patients. Our study was designed to evaluate the association of bacteria colony counts, white blood cell (WBC) count, and antibody-coated bacteria analyzed in urethral and prostatic samples in hospitalized spinal-cord-injured patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. Methods. Thirty-three patients were studied and 4 noninfected patients served as controls; 17 patients were paraplegic and 20 were quadriplegic. Mean patient age was 34.8 years and mean follow-up period was ninety-three days. During the surveillance period, 19 of the 33 patients had relapsing infections (same organism), while 14 had reinfections (new organism). A modified Foley catheter was used to seal the bladder neck, so that urethral and prostatic samples could be obtained. Results. Bacteria colony counts and WBC counts did not correlate with relapsing infection. However, significantly more patients with relapsing infection (819) had antibody-coated bacteria in their prostatic fluid than patients with reinfection (113) (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The presence of antibody-coated bacteria in prostatic fluid is associated with relapsing urinary tract infections and not with reinfection.
Shallow cells in directional solidification.

The existing theory on two-dimensional transitions (appropriate to thin parallel-plate geometries) is presented in such a way that it is possible to identify easily conditions for the onset of shallow cells. Conditions are given under which succinonitrile-acetone mixtures should undergo supercritical bifurcation in experimentally accessible ranges. These results suggest a means for the quantitative test of the Mullins and Sekerka (1964) model and its weakly nonlinear extensions.
On operators commuting with Toeplitz operators modulo the compact operators

Abstract We prove that an operator on H2 of the disc commutes modulo the compacts with all analytic Toeplitz operators if and only if it is a compact perturbation of a Toeplitz operator with symbol in H∞ + C. Consequently, the essential commutant of the whole Toeplitz algebra is the algebra of Toeplitz operators with symbol in QC. The image in the Calkin algebra of the Toeplitz operators with symbol in H∞ + C is a maximal abelian algebra. These results lead to a characterization of automorphisms of the algebra of compact perturbations of the analytic Toeplitz operators.
Semiempirical scaling law for np-1s transition intensity ratios of multiply ionized atoms

A simple semiempirical scaling procedure for predicting the intensity ratios of $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{-}1s$ transitions in multiply ionized atoms is presented.
The (p,n) reaction to the isobaric analogue state of high-Z elements at 25.8 MeV

Abstract Angular distributions have been measured for the (p, n) reaction to the isobaric analogue state of the targets 197Au, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb, 209Bi, and 232Th at a proton energy of 25.8 MeV. Results of distorted wave Born approximation calculations indicated that angular distributions were predicted well by both real and complex form factors, although there was less sensitivity to an imaginary surface term than found in previous studies for lower-Z elements. An isospin correction to parameters for proton elastic scattering as determined from (p, n) quasi-elastic scattering was used to predict neutron elastic scattering in an application of the isospin model due to Lane. Although the isospin correction appeared necessary, it was not sufficient to provide adequate agreement with neutron elastic scattering data. A microscopic interpretation of the form factor provided a model in which angular distributions could be predicted well by a real form factor involving only two free parameters. This model was also used to determine the ratio of the rms radii of the neutron matter distribution to the proton matter distribution in 208Pb and gave the result 〈r n 2 〉 1 2 /〈r p 2 〉 1 2 = 1.07±0.02 .
Characterization of fatigue damage in adhesively bonded lap joints through dynamic, full-spectral interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors: 2. Simulations

In this study we measure the in situ response of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor embedded in the adhesive layer of a single composite lap joint, subjected to harmonic excitation after fatigue loading. After a fully reversed cyclic fatigue loading is applied to the composite lap joint, the full-spectral response of the sensor is interrogated at 100 kHz during two loading conditions: with and without an added harmonic excitation. The full-spectral information avoided dynamic measurement errors often experienced using conventional peak wavelength and edge filtering techniques. The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is computed for the extracted peak wavelength information to reveal time-dependent frequencies and amplitudes of the dynamic FBG sensor response. The dynamic response of the FBG sensor indicated a transition to strong nonlinear dynamic behavior as fatigue-induced damage progressed. The ability to measure the dynamic response of the lap joint through sensors embedded in the adhesive layer can provide in situ monitoring of the lap joint condition.
Practitioner Perspectives of Neurofeedback Therapy for Mental Health and Physiological Disorders

ABSTRACT Introduction. This study utilized a systematic method to identify and to categorize practitioner perspectives related to neurofeedback therapy (NFT) for mental health and physiological disorders. We offer the identified themes for utilization in future research on practitioner variables influencing process and outcome variables, which adds to our knowledge and understanding of NFT. Method. Seventy-one practitioners completed online surveys gathering demographic information and responses to open-ended questions about advantages, disadvantages, practitioner characteristics, and essential components of NFT. We utilized Loftland and Loftland's (1984) systematic filing system and Berg's (2004) themes to concepts to analyze our data set, which allowed us to combine similar themes into categorical frameworks. Results. Our results provided five conceptual frameworks: advantages (84 concepts within 6 categories), disadvantages (53 concepts within 5 categories), knowledge (29 concepts in 4 categories), ski...
Isolation and properties of plastocyanin from Anabaena variabilis.

Abstract Plastocyanin is a copper protein found in photosynethetic tissue and it exhibits the properties of a physiological redox reagent. This protein has been purified from the blue-green alga Anabaena variabilis . Plastocyanin is required for a number of partial reactions of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain. These reactions include the transfer of electrons from reduced 2,3′,6-trichlorophenolindophenol, N , N , N ′, N ′- tetramethyl- p -phenylenediamine and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl- p -phenylenediamine to low potential oxidants. Reduced cytochrome c photooxidation does not appear to be dependent on plastocyanin. Cytochrome f , isolated from this alga, will partially replace plastocyanin in many of these reations. Inhibition of photosynthetic reactions by copper chelators appears to occur at some site other than the site of plastocyanin function.
Extracellular polysaccharide produced from glucose by cryptococcus laurentii var. flavescens NRRL Y‐1401: Chemical and physical characterization

The polysaccharide that occurs freely dispersed in culture fluids in which the nonpathogen, Cryptococcus laurentii var. flavescens NRRL Y-1401, has been grown on the carbohydrate substrate, glucose, has been isolated, purified, and characterized. This macromolecular polysaccharide is composed of D-mannose, D-xylose, and D-glucuronic acid (as the potassium salt) and a small proportion of O-acetyl groups. Factors favorable to practical application of this hydrocolloid are its adaptability to large-scale production, its stability in storage, and the properties of its homogeneous dispersions. Dispersions in water or aqueous alcohol are highly viscous and tend to soft gelation. Dispersions in water show plastic rheological characteristics and thixotropy with rapid regain of viscosity after shear. Moderate decreases in viscosity result from the presence of electrolytes or from heating, and only small differences in viscosity occur in the pH range 4–11. Indications have been presented that variation in properties of the polysaccharide product may depend upon fermentation conditions.
Independence of A-B and A-C associations in retroaction

After learning an A-B list to a criterion where every pair was correctly anticipated at least once, an A-C, C-D mixed list was introduced for 12 trials. Degree of A-C learning was varied within the list. Contingency analyses on the recall of B and C responses in a subsequent MMFR test were done separately for each A-C condition and for all A-C conditions combined. Either way, the B and C responses were recalled independently of each other. The results provide generality for the DaPolito independent retrieval phenomenon and affirm McGeoch's independence hypothesis.
Phase rotation in correlation coefficient filtering and multi-pass methods for 3-D speckle tracking in 4-D echocardiography

In 4-D echocardiographic (4DE) strain estimation using speckle tracking, large interframe strains resulting from moderate volumetric frame rates can cause significant peak hopping artifacts. Conventional correlation filters applied spatially at constant lags are effective for reducing peak hopping in low strain cases, but can exacerbate false peak artifacts when large strains are present. Alternatively, a tilted method of filtering 3-D correlation coefficients can correct for strain-induced incoherence across the correlation function by applying phase rotations in accordance with the local strain distribution prior to filtering. In addition, an iterative or multi-pass process for speckle tracking, using displacement estimates from the previous pass as an initial guess for a subsequent pass, can improve displacement accuracy. 3-D speckle tracking with tilt filtering and two-pass processing was implemented on 4DE data acquired in the left ventricle (LV) of an open chest canine at six weeks following surgical coronary occlusion. Tilt filtering reduced peak hopping compared to filtering without phase rotation. The most notable improvements were seen in the transitions zones where axial displacements had a high degree of variation along the orthogonal directions. In the transition zones, larger correlation filters without tilt processing exacerbated peak hopping, whereas larger tilt filters were able to overcome peak hopping artifacts. The lowest peak hopping was seen when both tilt filtering and multi-pass methods were applied. Tilt filtering and two-pass processing can improve the quantification of myocardial deformation using 3-D speckle tracking and may be valuable in the assessment of cardiac function using echocardiography.
Field resistance of perennial glandular-haired Medicago strains and alfalfa cultivars to the alfalfa weevil

Field plots planted in 1986 to four, perennial, glandular-haired Medicago strains and four alfalfa cultivars were evaluated for alfalfa weevil, [Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)], abundance and feeding damage as well as plant height from 23 April through 21 may 1987 and from 25 April through 26 May 1988. The plots were located near Mead, Nebraska and both sweep and stem sampling methods were utilized. In 1987, M. glandulosa had the fewest larvae present in sweep samples on 1, 9, and 15 May, although on the last date it did not differ significantly from three other entries. The glandular-haired M. glandulosa also was among those entries having the fewest number of larvae present in stem samples on 9 May, 1987. Significant differences in the number of damaged stem tips were observed on 9 and 21 May, 1987, when M. glandulosa was among those entries having the least amount of damage. The other three glandular-haired strains had larval infestations and damage similar to those for the cultivars. Weevil abundance and damage were generally low in 1988. Medicago glandulosa was shortest of the glandular-haired strains, which were shorter than the cultivars.
The role of spectrin in erythrocyte ghost endocytosis

Abstract Endocytosis in white ghosts prepared from human erythrocytes was induced by three methods: incubation with Mg-ATP, incubation with 0.1 mM EDTA, and digestion with 20 nanograms (ng.) per ml. of trypsin. In each case the endocytic vacuoles that were produced when separated and analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were found to be depleted of spectrin. This observation suggested that a requirement for endocytosis is the establishment of spectrin-free domains in the membrane. This hypothesis was tested by pre-incubating ghosts with anti-spectrin antibodies. Pre-incubation with anti-spectrin antibody blocked white ghost endocytosis produced either by Mg-ATP, EDTA, or trypsin. Therefore, it is proposed that spectrin has a key role in the endocytosis process.
The postauricular (revolving door) island pedicle flap revisited.

BACKGROUND Few satisfactory closure options exist for large anterior auricular defects. OBJECTIVE To describe the use of the postauricular (revolving door) island pedicle flap for closure of large defects on the scapha, antihelix, and helix. METHODS Mohs micrographic surgery for excision of basal cell carcinoma was performed on the anterior auricular surface of two patients. Both defects were closed using a posterior auricular island flap that was advanced through cartilage with excellent cosmetic results. Other closure options are discussed for this region. CONCLUSION The postauricular (revolving door) island pedicle flap is a good closure option for large anterior auricular defects lacking perichondrium and not easily repaired by other methods.
Bivariate Scientific Function Finding in a Sampled, Real-Data Testbed

This article reports the results of a study of domain-independent function finding based on a collection of several hundred real scientific data sets. Prior studies have introduced the controversial idea of discovering functional relatonships of interest to scientists directly from the data they collect. The evidence presented here supports the view that this is sometimes possible, but it also suggests how often purely data-driven discovery is not possible and how much more difficult it may be than has often been assumed. Experience with sampled examples of real scientific data suggests as well that emphasis on search in prior studies may have been misplaced. For the function-finding problems studied here, scientists typically propose only a handful of different functional relationships. The difficulty is not in searching through a large space of relationships but in evaluating a few common ones to determine if they are likely to be of scientific interest.
Allaying the anxiety of hospitalized children using stress immunization techniques.

Numerous aspects of hospitalization are inherently stressful to young children. The stress immunization techniques of systematic desensitization, cognitive rehearsal, and modeling can be used by nurses to promote behavioral and cognitive controls in pediatric patients, thereby reducing the child's level of stress.
The impact of an electronic medical record surveillance program on outcomes for patients with sepsis.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effects of this EMR surveillance on sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock outcomes in patients admitted to a medical telemetry unit, including length of hospital stay, patient discharge and mortality. Methods A retrospective review of pre- and post-implementation of a pilot electronic medical record (EMR) sepsis surveillance. Results Implementing EMR sepsis surveillance significantly improved home discharge (49.0% versus 25.3%, p Conclusion These results offer promising evidence that the use of an EMR sepsis surveillance alert could decrease the ravishing effects of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock by early identification and treatment.
Tetralogy of Fallot in the adult

Abstract The anatomic, clinical, roentgenographic, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic findings in 25 adult patients with tetralogy of Fallot not previously operated upon revealed many differences from the classic description of this lesion in children. Distinctive features in the adult were (1) very large ventricular septal defect; (2) greater frequency of combined infundibular and valvular pulmonary stenosis with decreased frequency of isolated valvular stenosis; (3) congestive heart failure in 33 percent of cyanotic and 38 percent of acyanotic patients; (4) characteristic chest pain occurring in early adult life in both cyanotic and acyanotic patients; (5) a symptomatic quiescent period during the second decade; (6) normal or increased pulmonary vascularity in 42 percent of cyanotic patients and absence of hypervascularity in 70 percent of acyanotic patients; (7) electrocardiographic evidence of right bundle branch block in 58 percent and tall peaked P waves in 66 percent of cyanotic patients, and predominant right ventricular hypertrophy in 46 percent of acyanotic patients. The life history and clinical manifestations of those patients with tetralogy of Fallot who reach adulthood without benefit of surgical palliation or total correction suggest that longevity in tetralogy of Fallot is determined predominantly by early development of collateral circulation to the lungs and the progressive narrowing of the initially mild infundibular stenosis with age. It is concluded that these dynamic factors are responsible for the altered manifestations of tetralogy of Fallot in the adult.
Vascular disease and cognitive impairment

vascular risk factors; cerebrovascular disease; cognitive impairment; dementiaVascular disease seems to be important in cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly.The entities implicated comprise various vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular diseaseincluding large cortical infarcts, single strategically-placed or multiple small infarcts, cerebralhemorrhage, cortical changes due to hypoperfusion (eg, hippocampal sclerosis, ischemic-anoxic damage, cortical laminar sclerosis), white matter changes, and a variety ofvasculopathies (eg, lipohyalinosis, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcorticalinfarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), cerebral amyloid angiopathy). The traditionalview is that the two most common causes of dementia are vascular dementia and Alzheimer'sdisease. While there is general agreement that vascular dementia is caused by cerebrovasculardisease and its risk factors, their contribution to what we define clinically as Alzheimer'sdisease, theoretically characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta, is less clear. Morerecently, the concept of vascular cognitive impairment has been coined as an umbrella termthat encompasses all instances of cognitive impairment due to vascular risk factors andcerebrovascular disease, including vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease with a vascularcontribution.1 As our understanding grows, new questions arise: does cerebrovascular disease,including white matter lesions and silent infarcts, lead to a specific pattern of cognitiveimpairment, and if so, how? Does cerebrovascular disease lead to a dementia syndromeindistinguishable from Alzheimer's disease? What are the molecular mechanisms underlyingthe associations between the various vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment? Dochanges in the microvasculature lead to the development of Alzheimer pathology?Leys et al. 2 summarized previous studies that explored the impact of clinical stroke on the riskof post-stroke dementia (PSD). Accordingly, stroke increases the risk of dementia, with aprevalence ranging from 13.6 to 32% within 3 months to 1 year after stroke, and after stroke
Nanoimprint lithography fabrication of waveguide-integrated optical gratings with inexpensive stamps

We demonstrate that a replica grating can be effectively used as an inexpensive stamp for nanoimprint lithography to pattern diffractive optical couplers integrated with planar optical waveguides. Imprinted grating patterns were integrated with silicon oxynitride waveguide films to be used as an evanescent wave sensor in the input grating-coupler configuration. An anti-adhesion layer using an inexpensive, two-step chemical functionalization was developed for the stamps. The stamps were able to withstand imprint temperatures ranging from 140 to 190^oC and high fidelity imprints were obtained. The groove pattern was integrated in waveguide films by etch transfer and light-coupling properties of gratings with 1.2@mm pitch were tested using a @l=1.55@mm laser. Compared to etched silicon masters, replica optical gratings provide uniform pattern density over their entire surface with no unstructured regions, are inexpensive, and readily available for R&D use.
The synthesis of 2-(1-Pentenyl) furan and its relationship to the reversion flavor of soybean oil

cis- andtrans-2-(2-Pentenyl)furans were synthesized and structures were confirmed by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Preliminary organoleptic evaluation of oil solutions of the compounds indicated that thecis isomer had a flavor threshold of ca. 0.25 ppm. with odor and flavor descriptions of beany, grassy and buttery at 0.50 ppm; and that thetrans isomer had a flavor threshold of ca. 0.50 ppm with odor and flavor descriptions of beany, grassy and buttery at 1 ppm and strong painty and metallic at 4 ppm. These compounds, if found in soybean oil through the autoxidation of linolenate, may contribute to the characteristic reversion flavor.
Syntheses employing pyridyllithium reagents: new routes to 2,6-disubstituted pyridines and 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridyls

Abstract New 2,6-disubstituted pyridine derivatives have been synthesized employing 6-bromo-2-lithiopyridine as an intermediate. Subsequent replacement of the 6-bromine can be effected by metal-halogen exchange or other reactions in some cases. Reactions of the previously unreported 6-lithio-2,2′-bipyridyl and 6,6′-dilithio-2,2′-bipyridyl are described. Cupric chloride was found to be an effective coupling agents for lithiopyridine reagents, allowing facile and high yield syntheses of substituted 2,2′-bipyridyls.
Irrigating Eyelid Speculum

Surface lavage of the eye is important after chemical injury as well as during ocular surgery in order to maintain corneal lubrication and clarity. 1 Continuous irrigation can also deliver topical medications to the cornea and conjunctiva.
Blind estimation of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset in wireless OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are highly sensitive to synchronization errors. We introduce an algorithm for the blind estimation of symbol timing and carrier frequency offset in wireless OFDM systems. The proposed estimator is an extension of the Gini-Giannakis (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.46, p.400-411, 1998) estimator for single-carrier systems. It exploits the cyclostationarity of OFDM signals and relies on second-order statistics only. Our method can be applied to pulse shaping OFDM systems with arbitrary time-frequency guard regions, OFDM based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation, and biorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems. We furthermore propose the use of different subcarrier transmit powers (subcarrier weighting) and periodic transmitter precoding to achieve a carrier frequency acquisition range of the entire bandwidth of the OFDM signal, and a symbol timing acquisition range of arbitrary length. Finally, we provide simulation results demonstrating the performance of the new estimator.
Identifying the genes of hearing, deafness, and dysequilibrium

Purely scientific interests provide justification for efforts to understand the mechanisms of the inner ear. The cochlea is sensitive to vibrations so minute that they approach the diameter of an atom, and it achieves temporal resolution on the level of 10 μs (1). It does this while providing excellent resolution of sound frequency across broad bandwidths and deep dynamic range. Yet, …
SPARQ2L: towards support for subgraph extraction queries in rdf databases

Many applications in analytical domains often have the need to "connect the dots" i.e., query about the structure of data. In bioinformatics for example, it is typical to want to query about interactions between proteins. The aim of such queries is to "extract" relationships between entities i.e. paths from a data graph. Often, such queries will specify certain constraints that qualifying results must satisfy e.g. paths involving a set of mandatory nodes. Unfortunately, most present day Semantic Web query languages including the current draft of the anticipated recommendation SPARQL, lack the ability to express queries about arbitrary path structures in data. In addition, many systems that support some limited form of path queries rely on main memory graph algorithms limiting their applicability to very large scale graphs. In this paper, we present an approach for supporting Path Extraction queries. Our proposal comprises (i) a query language SPARQ2L which extends SPARQL with path variables and path variable constraint expressions, and (ii) a novel query evaluation framework based on efficient algebraic techniques for solving path problems which allows for path queries to be efficiently evaluated on disk resident RDF graphs. The effectiveness of our proposal is demonstrated by a performance evaluation of our approach on both real world based and synthetic dataset.
Clinical, Immunophenotypic, and Genetic Characterization of Small Lymphocyte-Like Plasma Cell Myeloma A Potential Mimic of Mature B-Cell Lymphoma

We reviewed bone marrow studies from 351 multiple myeloma (MM) cases, selecting 12 cases (3.4%) with predominantly small lymphocyte–like morphologic features resembling B-cell lymphoma, and correlated their genetic and clinical features. All exhibited a diffuse interstitial pattern of marrow involvement. Small lymphocyte–like plasma cells were all CD45– with bright CD38 and CD138 expression and CD20 expression in 5 cases. No case had an increase in bone marrow B lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Of 12 cases, 9 were classified as the CD-2 molecular class by gene expression profiling (GEP). The 29 CD-2 class cases with (n = 9) and without (n = 20) small lymphocyte–like features could not be discerned from one another using global GEP. Eventfree, but not overall, survival was significantly better in cases with small lymphocyte–like features among those sharing the CD-2 subtype. Small lymphocyte–like MM is a rare, morphologically challenging variant distinguished from B-cell lymphoma by lack of CD45 and presence of CD138 and the clinical presentation of MM. Most cases share a common GEP signature dominated by hyperexpression of cyclin D1 or cyclin D3 genes, with increased expression of the B-cell genes CD20 and VPREB3.
Modeling quantity discounts under general price-sensitive demand functions: Optimal policies and relationships

This paper presents models for determining optimal all-unit and incremental quantity discount policies and investigates the effect of quantity discounts on increasing demand and ensuring pareto-efficient transactions under general price-sensitive demand functions. The paper develops optimal quantity discount policies, investigates their interrelationships and their benefits to both the supplier and the buyer, and gains managerial insights for the scenarios of maximizing the supplier's profit and the joint profit. We develop simple and efficient solution approaches for determining the all-unit and the incremental optimal decision policies for general price-sensitive demand functions. We have three main findings. First, with price-sensitive demand there are two incentives in offering quantity discounts: increasing demand and ensuring pareto-efficient transactions. In most cases, increasing demand dominates in justifying the offering of quantity discounts. Second, using a single lot size associated with all efficient transactions as with the constant demand case does not hold with the price-sensitive demand case. Third, the optimal all-unit quantity discount policy is equivalent to the optimal incremental quantity discount policy in benefiting both the supplier and the buyer.
Mycoplasmas and the Minimal Genome Concept

The ultimate goal of biochemistry and molecular biology is the complete description of biological systems in terms of the laws of chemistry and physics. Consequently the mycoplasmas attracted the attention of biologists because of their small size and apparent simplicity, just as the hydrogen atom provided the simplest model for the development of physicists’ theories of the atom. But, while hydrogen atoms are primitive, fusing within the interiors of stars to form the heavier elements, the mycoplasmas are simple for quite the opposite reason. They evolved from complex bacteria through the loss of functions that are unnecessary in their habitats as parasites on multicellular organisms. This evolution has proceeded far down the path toward distilling a minimal set of essential cellular genes.
Effect of Light Soaking on Hot Wire Deposited a-Si:H Films

We present the results of studies on the defect properties and the effect of light soaking for various hot wire deposited (HW) films. We employ junction capacitance measurements together with the transient photocapacitance spectroscopy to measure the deep defect densities in as-grown state (state A) and in light soaked state (state B). Good agreement is found between the defect densities measured from both measurements. The HW film with a hydrogen content of 10 – 12 at.% shows physical characteristics and defect densities similar to conventional PECVD films. The HW films with hydrogen content, CH, in the range 2 – 9 at.% show a smaller defect density in state B than the defect density of the film with higher CH. However, the film with a hydrogen level of less than 1 at.% exhibits markedly inferior physical properties.
The nucleoporin Seh1 forms a complex with Mio and serves an essential tissue-specific function in Drosophila oogenesis

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates the transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Recent evidence indicates that structural nucleoporins, the building blocks of the NPC, have a variety of unanticipated cellular functions. Here, we report an unexpected tissue-specific requirement for the structural nucleoporin Seh1 during Drosophila oogenesis. Seh1 is a component of the Nup107-160 complex, the major structural subcomplex of the NPC. We demonstrate that Seh1 associates with the product of the missing oocyte (mio) gene. In Drosophila, mio regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression in early ovarian cysts. Like mio, seh1 has a crucial germline function during oogenesis. In both mio and seh1 mutant ovaries, a fraction of oocytes fail to maintain the meiotic cycle and develop as pseudo-nurse cells. Moreover, the accumulation of Mio protein is greatly diminished in the seh1 mutant background. Surprisingly, our characterization of a seh1 null allele indicates that, although required in the female germline, seh1 is dispensable for the development of somatic tissues. Our work represents the first examination of seh1 function within the context of a multicellular organism. In summary, our studies demonstrate that Mio is a novel interacting partner of the conserved nucleoporin Seh1 and add to the growing body of evidence that structural nucleoporins can have novel tissue-specific roles.
Endothia parasitica Protease. Parameters Affecting Stability of the Rennin-like Enzyme

Abstract Endothia parasitica protease had maximum stability at pH 3.8 to 4.5. At 50C only 30% activity was lost after 30 minutes. At 24.1C, the enzyme was stable from pH 3.0 to 6.5 for 3 hours but was rapidly inactivated below pH 2.5 and above pH 7. The activation energy of inactivation, E a , was 51,500 cal/mole at pH 5.5 to 6.5. Inactivation of the enzyme in this pH region resulted in decreased solubility of the protein but did not produce detectable ninhydrin-reactive groups. At pH 2.5, E a was 14,100 cal/ mole and inactivation resulted in fragmentation of the molecule and the production of appreciable ninhydrin-reactive groups. Increase in ionic strength had a stabilizing effect on the enzyme at pH 6.5 but decreased stability of the enzyme at pH 2.5. The nature of the buffer affected stability of the enzyme (greater stability; Tris>acetate>phosphate). The effect of cations and anions on stability of the enzyme followed the order expected from previous data on the influence of ions on the general stability of proteins. Endothia parasitica protease was rapidly denatured by low concentrations of urea (2M) at pH 2.5 and 6.5, but was reasonably stable to 2M urea solutions at pH 3.5. There was no effect of 0.01M mercaptoethanol on stability of the enzyme at pH 2.5, 3.5, and 6.5.
Vascular Injury During Interventions

Vascular rupture encountered during vascular access intervention is a potentially serious adverse event which needs to be managed appropriately to avoid escalating morbidity and mortality. A majority of vascular ruptures encountered during interventions can be handled effectively by the performing interventionalist.
Contextual design: using customer work models to drive systems design

Field data gathering techniques such as Contextual Inquiry enable a design team to gather the detailed data they need. These techniques produce enormous amounts of information on how the customers of a system work. This creates a new problem---how to represent all this detail in a coherent, comprehensible form, which can be a suitable basis for design. An affinity diagram effectively shows the scope of the customer problem, but is less effective at capturing and coherently representing the details of how people work. Design teams need a way to organize this detail so they can use it in their own development process.In this tutorial we present our latest methods for representing detailed information about work practice and using these representations to drive system design. These methods have been adopted over the last few years by major product development and information systems organizations. We show how to represent the work of individual users in models, how to generalize these to describe a whole market or department, and how to use these to drive innovative design. We present the process by which we build and use the models and practice key steps. We show how these methods fit into the overall design process, and summarize Contextual Design, which gathers field data and uses it to drive design through a well-defined series of steps.The tutorial is appropriate for those who have used field techniques, especially Contextual Inquiry, and would like to put more structure on the process of using field data.We use shopping as our example of work practice throughout this tutorial, since shopping is simple and understood by everyone. We encourage participants to go grocery shopping shortly before the tutorial, and bring any shopping list they may have used, their store receipt, and a drawing of the store layout and their movement through it.
Modeling thermally induced viscoplastic deformation and low cycle fatigue of CBGA solder joints in a surface mount package

A nonlinear finite element model was used to analyze the thermally induced viscoplastic deformation and low cycle fatigue behavior of the lead-tin (Pb-Sn) solder joints in a 32mm ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) surface mount package. The effects of the cyclic frequency, hold (dwell) time, and temperature ramp rate on the response of the the viscoplastic (creep and plastic) deformation for the CBGA solder joints were studied by applying four different low cycle thermal fatigue loads to the package. The modeling results show that the maximum viscoplastic strains occur in and around the edge CBGA solder joint. The cyclic creep strain (ratchetting) is very significant and dominates the constituent of the accumulated viscoplastic strain. The equivalent plastic strain increases with the increase of cyclic frequency and ramp rate, and decreases as the hold time increases. However, the equivalent creep strain decreases with the increase of cyclic frequency and ramp rate, but increases as the hold time increases. In the solder joint, the Pb37-Sn63 solder paste has approximately 2/spl times/ larger equivalent plastic strains, and 10/spl times/ larger equivalent creep strains than that in the Pb90-Sn10 solder ball during thermal cycling.