cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trophic structure and avian communities across a salinity gradient in evaporation ponds of the San Francisco Bay estuary

Commercial salt evaporation ponds comprise a large proportion of baylands adjacent to the San Francisco Bay, a highly urbanized estuary. In the past two centuries, more than 79% of the historic tidal wetlands in this estuary have been lost. Resource management agencies have acquired more than 10 000 ha of commercial salt ponds with plans to undertake one of the largest wetland restoration projects in North America. However, these plans have created debate about the ecological importance of salt ponds for migratory bird communities in western North America. Salt ponds are unique mesohaline (5– 18 g l−1) to hyperhaline (>40 g l−1) wetlands, but little is known of their ecological structure or value. Thus, we studied decommissioned salt ponds in the North Bay of the San Francisco Bay estuary from January 1999 through November 2001. We measured water quality parameters (salinity, DO, pH, temperature), nutrient concentrations, primary productivity, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, fish, and birds across a range of salinities from 24 to 264 g l−1. Our studies documented how unique limnological characteristics of salt ponds were related to nutrient levels, primary productivity rates, invertebrate biomass and taxa richness, prey fish, and avian predator numbers. Salt ponds were shown to have unique trophic and physical attributes that supported large numbers of migratory birds. Therefore, managers should carefully weigh the benefits of increasing habitat for native tidal marsh species with the costs of losing these unique hypersaline systems.
El legado del desarme: Voces y reflexiones de las excombatientes del M‐19

Twelve years after signing the peace agreement, former members of Colombia's revolutionary M-19 share a sense of frustration and uncertainty. Although this sentiment applies to all, women had more difficulty reincorporating themselves into society. After dedicating their lives to an unresolved cause, civil re-insertion has been difficult, and most are left with feelings of hopelessness. This article explores testimonies from four former women members of the M-19. This project is the result of their own expressed concerns about their current social position and the impact they had in the social transformation of Colombia. Despite contradictions that arise from the process of reflection, these women hold a prism of shared facets. While the guerrilla signified a common denominator for most, disarmament carried distinct tonalities�from trauma to personal fulfillment
Unimolecular reactions of ionized methyl acetate and its hydrogen‐rearranged isomers

The proposed formation of [CH3C(OH)OCH2]+˙ (b) as the intermediate in the isomerization [CH2C(OH)OCH3]+˙ (c)⇄b⇄[CH3COOCH3]+˙ (c has been confirmed by preparation of b from CH3COOCH2OCH3. For the three isomers a–c the dominant metastable ion (MI) dissociation, CH3O˙ loss, involves identical kinetic energy release values. The kinetic barriers for a⇄b and b⇄c must be nearly as high as that for CH3O˙ loss from c, as shown by the insensitivity of the mass spectra from collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) of a–c to ionizing electron energy. The H/D scrambling of metastable [CH2C(OD)OCH3]+˙ and c–D3 ions confirm this, indicating that the barrier for a⇄b is slightly below that for b⇄c. Minor low-energy dissociations include losses of CH4 and CH3OH from a and losses of ˙CHO and CH2O from b. Comparison of MI and CAD spectra of a–c with those from [CH3(OH)CH2O]+˙ (d) and [CH3COCH2OH]+˙ (e) give no evidence for skeletal rearrangement of a–c to d or e.
Secondary ion emission from keV energy atomic and polyatomic projectile impacts on sodium iodate

Sodium iodate and sodium iodide are inorganic solids in which iodine exists in different chemical environments. In sodium iodate, the iodine atom is bonded to oxygen to make the trigonal pyramidal IO3 anion, which in turn is incorporated with sodium into an ionic crystal. In sodium iodide, however, the iodide anion and sodium cation are ionically bound in a crystal lattice. Nearly half of the negative secondary ion yield generated from keV energy polyatomic ion impacts on a sodium iodate surface is characteristic of ion emission expected from sodium iodide (i.e. (NaI) nI 2 ), yet x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data indicate that the solid material resulting from aliquots of aqueous sodium iodate dried on stainless steel contains no more than 2% sodium iodide. To determine how the number of atoms in the primary ion influences the amount of iodide type ion formation from sodium iodate, secondary ion yield measurements were performed using Cs, (CsI)Cs, and (CsI)2Cs projectiles incident at energies ranging from 10 to 25 keV. The experiments were run on an event-by-event basis at the level of single ion impacts. The yields of iodate (composed of Na, I, and O) and iodide type secondary ions increase with the energy of the projectile and the number of constituent atoms. When compared on a per-incident atom basis, however, we found that the yields of secondary ions characteristic of iodate saturate at three total projectile atoms, but continue to increase nonlinearly for iodide species (i.e. the yield per impacting atom increases). (Int J Mass Spectrom 197 (2000) 149 ‐161) © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
ESTIMATION OF IODINE EXCRETION IN NONHOSPITALIZED SUBJECTS.

Estimates of daily iodine excretion from casual urine and fecal samples were compared with observed values from 24-hr specimens in 5 women for 5 consecutive days (Monday through Friday) of one week and one day each of an additional 5 weeks. The 5 subjects, from 5 different households, lived at home and followed their usual dietary, work and exercise habits. The accuracy (means) and precision (standard errors) of the estimates of urinary and fecal excretion were not significantly different statistically from the observed values, and there was no systematic error or bias in the estimates for the group as a whole. The correlation between the observed with the estimated values was not as high in this outpatient study as in a previously reported inpatient study; the loss of precision was 24%. It is concluded that estimates of daily iodine excretion from casual samples may be unreliable on an individual or small sample basis, but that they are useful adjuncts in the epidemiologic investigation of iodine metabol...
The Genetics of Breast Cancer: What the Surgical Oncologist Needs to Know

This article summarizes the impact of germline predisposition to breast cancer on the surgical management of breast cancer and breast cancer risk. Surgical implications of germline predisposition to breast cancer are now more nuanced due to the application of increasingly more complicated next-generation sequencing-based tests. The rapid pace of change will continue to challenge paradigms for genetic cancer risk assessment, which can influence the medical and surgical management of breast cancer risk as well as strategies for screening and for risk reduction.
Synergistic operation of four cis-acting elements mediate high level DAL5 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae allantoate/ureidosuccinate permease gene (DAL5) is often used as a reporter in studies of the Tor1/2 protein kinases which are specifically inhibited by the clinically important immunosuppressant and anti-neoplastic drug, rapamycin. To date, only a single type of cis-acting element has been shown to be required for DAL5 expression, two copies of the GATAA-containing UASNTR element that mediates nitrogen catabolite repression-sensitive transcription. UASNTR is the binding site for the transcriptional activator, Gln3 whose intracellular localization responds to the nitrogen supply, accumulating in the nuclei of cells provided with poor nitrogen sources and in the cytoplasm when excess nitrogen is available. Recent data raised the possibility that DAL5 might also be regulated by the retrograde system responsible for control of early TCA cycle gene expression, prompting us to investigate the structure of the DAL5 promoter in more detail. Here, we show that clearly one (UASB), and possibly two (UASA), additional cis-acting elements are required for full DAL5 expression. One of these elements (UASB) is in a region that is heavily protected from DNaseI digestion and functions in a highly synergistic manner with the two UASNTR elements. Cis-acting elements UASNTR–UASA and UASNTR–UASB are situated on the same face of the DNA two and one turn apart, respectively. We also found that decreased DAL5 expression in glutamate-grown cells, a characteristic shared with retrograde regulation, likely derives from decreased nuclear Gln3 levels that occur under these growth conditions rather than direct retrograde system control.
“Dried Fat” for Growing-Finishing Swine

Summary Three trials were conducted to determine the effect of "dried fat" (fats absorbed on carriers) in diets for growing-finishing swine. In trial I pigs receiving diets containing 5% added fat gained faster (.74 vs .71 kg/d), consumed less feed (1.87 vs 2.43 kg/d) and had a better feed efficiency (2.52 vs 2.88) than pigs fed diets without added fat (all P<.01). Pigs given the "dried fat" treatments gained faster (P<.01) and more efficiendy (P<.01) than pigs fed the nonfat carrier counterpart. "Dried fats" containing whey plus fat and wheat bran plus fat produced similar performance to that observed with pigs fed a conventional tallow diet. Pigs fed verxite plus fat had higher feed intakes and feed:gain ratios (P<.01) than pigs on the other two "dried fat" treatments. In trial II, diets with 5% added fat had higher (P<.01) average apparent energy and protein digestibilities than the diets without added fat. Each treatment containing "dried fat" resulted in higher (P<.O1) apparent energy and protein digestibilities than did the nonfat counterpart. The verxite plus fat diet had a lower apparent protein and energy digestibility than the bran plus fat and whey plus fat treatments. The third trial was conducted to determine the interaction between protein and energy content of the diet. Five treatments contained 14% protein and five, 18% protein. "Dried fat" (HoMilc 7-60) was added to provide 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% added fat within each protein level. Average daily gain
Adverse Reactions to Virgin Silk Sutures in Cataract Surgery

During the past 3 years, 12 patients (14 eyes) were encountered with severe reactions to virgin silk sutures used in cataract surgery. These reactions included nodular episcleritis, peripheral corneal ulceration, and wound necrosis with dehiscence, sometimes resulting in endophthalmitis or epithelial downgrowth. Conjunctival and scleral histopathologic studies in four eyes showed acute and chronic inflammation with multinucleated giant cells. Successful treatment included removal of the virgin silk sutures, resuturing with 10-0 nylon sutures, securing the necrotic tissue with cyanoacrylate adhesive, and resection of the inflamed superior conjunctiva. All four patients who had bilateral cataract surgery experienced either simultaneous flare-ups of both eyes or accelerated reactions after surgery on the second eye, which suggests a possible role of prior sensitization.
Tuberculosis drug use and HIV infection in Central Asia: An urgent need for attention.

Abstract Introduction Rates of tuberculosis in Central Asia are extremely high, and even more alarming are the very high rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. In addition, rates of HIV infection related to injection drug use seems to be rising as well, thus creating conditions for a potentially devastating co-epidemic of TB/HIV and MDR-TB/HIV which would have terrible consequences for public health in these countries. Current status In many countries of Central Asia, diagnosis of tuberculosis still rests on clinical grounds or simple technologies such as chest radiograph and sputum smear examination. Modern molecular techniques such as GenExpert are being introduced in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and perhaps soon in Kyrgyzstan. Treatment of TB is still often centered around prolonged inpatient stay at TB hospitals. Only a minority of patients with HIV infection are receiving ART, and TB and HIV services are not well integrated. Needle exchange programs are becoming increasingly available, but opioid substitution therapy is rarely used in Central Asia. TB, drug treatment and HIV services are generally not well-integrated. Conclusions To combat this developing storm, integration of TB services, HIV care, and substance abuse treatment programs is needed urgently to allow efficient and effective diagnosis and treatment of these conditions in a coordinated manner.
Automatic Cell Image Segmentation using a Shape-Classification Model

This paper presents a segmentation method for detecting cells in immunohistochemicallystained cytological images. A two-phaseapproachto segmentationis used where anunsupervised clustering approach coupled with cluster merging based on a fitness function is used as the first phase to obtain a first approximation of the cell locations. A joint segmentation-classification approach incorporating ellipse as a shape model is used as the second phase to detect the final cell contour. Results of segmentation are presented and compared to ground truth measurements.
Surface Air Temperature and Humidity from Intersatellite-Calibrated HIRS Measurements in High Latitudes

High-latitude ocean surface air temperature and humidity derived from intersatellite-calibrated HighResolutionInfraredRadiationSounder(HIRS)measurementsareexamined.Aneuralnetworkapproachisused to develop retrieval algorithms. HIRS simultaneous nadir overpass observations from high latitudes are used to intercalibrate observations from different satellites. Investigation shows that if HIRS observations were not intercalibrated,thenitcouldleadtointersatellitebiasesof18Cintheairtemperatureand1‐2 g kg 21 in thespecific humidityforhigh-latitudeoceansurface retrievals. Using a fullyear of measurements from a high-latitude moored buoy site as ground truth, the instantaneous (matched within a half-hour) root-mean-square (RMS) errors of HIRS retrievals are 1.508C for air temperature and 0.86 g kg 21 for specific humidity. Compared to a large set of operational moored and drifting buoys in both northern and southern oceans greater than 508 latitude, the retrieval instantaneous RMS errors are within 2.68C for air temperature and 1.4 g kg 21 for specific humidity. Compared to 5 yr of International Maritime Meteorological Archive in situ data, the HIRS specific humidity retrievals show less than 0.5 g kg 21 of differences over the majority of northern high-latitude open oceans.
Passive characterization of hydrofracture properties using signals from hydraulic pumps

Abstract Massive hydraulic fracturing is used to enhance production from the low-permeability diatomite fields of Kern County, CA. Although critical for designing injection and recovery well patterns, the in-situ hydraulic fracture geometry is poorly understood. In 1990, Shell conducted an extensive seismic monitoring experiment on several hydrofractures prior to a steam drive pilot to characterize hydrofracture geometry. The seismic data were recorded by cemented downhole geophone arrays in three observation holes (MO-1, MO-2, and MO-3) located near the hydraulic fracture treatment wells. Using lowpass filtering and moveout analysis, events in the geophone recordings are identified as conical shear waves radiating from tube waves traveling down the treatment well. These events appear to be created by the hydraulic pumps, since their amplitudes are correlated with the injection rate and the wellhead pressure. Conical wave amplitudes are related to the tube wave attenuation in the treatment well and to wave-propagation characteristics of the shear component traveling in the earth. During the main fracturing stage, geophones above the fracture zone for wells MO-1 and MO-2 (both roughly along the inferred vertical fracture plane) exhibited conical-wave amplitude increases that are caused by shear wave reflection/scattering off the top of a fracture zone. From changes in the reflection amplitude as a function of depth, we interpret that the fracture zone initially extends along a confined vertical plane at a depth that correlates with many of the microseismic events. Toward the end of the main fracturing stage, the fracture zone extends upward and also extends in width, although we cannot determine the dimensions of the fracture from the reflection amplitudes alone. For all wells, we observe that the reflection (and what we infer to be the initial fracture) begins during a time period where no marked change in fracture pressure or injection rate or slurry concentration is observed. As the main fracturing stage progressed, we observed a significant decrease in amplitude for geophones below the top of the fracture zone. The attenuation was most pronounced for wells MO-1 and MO-2 (along the fracture plane). However, near the end of the main stage, well MO-3 also exhibited a significant amplitude decrease, suggesting the development of a fractured “process zone” around the main fracture plane. In addition, well MO-3 also exhibited an amplitude decrease in an interval well below the initial fracture zone. Both the interval and the direction (toward MO-3) correspond with temperature log increases observed during later steam injection.
THE EFFECT OF ESTROGENIC HORMONE ON VESICAL MUSCLE

THE AMOUNT of fluid which the urinary bladder of a deeply anesthetized animal will hold before overflow occurs has been found to be remarkably constant for the normal individual. Under narcosis reflex contraction is largely inhibited, and the bladder behaves as an inert container which over-flows passively when overfilled (1). We speak of the maximal vesical capacity or vesical volume. Certain disturbances such as section of the nerves will change this factor which we have used as an indicator in these experiments. Such variations must indicate modifications in the tone and contraction of the vesical muscle. In a previous communication, we have shown that pregnancy in the rabbit is characterised by a definite increase in the maximal vesical capacity (2). Often the vesical volume during pregnancy is two or three times that in the non-pregnant animal. Following the termination of pregnancy, the maximal vesical volume is greater than at any previous period and the bladder does not return to normal siz;e unti...
Response shift bias: a problem in evaluating nutrition training using self-report measures.

Abstract The Cooperative Extension Service has been a key partner in the design, implementation, and evaluation of school nutrition training. To evaluate the effectiveness of their training and the effects of response shift bias on outcomes using a self-report measure, 162 foodservice staff from eight rural schools participated in this food-handling behavior study. Nutrition staff were assigned to one of two treatment groups or to the control group. Two different evaluation designs (pre-test/post-test and then/post) were used. The then/post design asks participants to first report their behavior or understanding as a result of the training (post) and then to retrospectively report this behavior before the training. The then/post evaluation design provided more significant change data than did the traditional pretest/post-test design, indicating that a response shift occurred. Such differences in evaluation findings suggest that the educational benefit of such trainings may be underestimated when using the traditional pre/post evaluation design.
Fault tolerant operation of kinematically redundant manipulators for locked joint failures

This paper studies the degree to which the kinematic redundancy of a manipulator may be utilized for failure tolerance. A redundant manipulator is considered to be fault tolerant with respect to a given task if it is guaranteed to be capable of performing the task after any one of its joints has failed and is locked in place. A method is developed for determining the necessary constraints which insure the failure tolerance of a kinematically redundant manipulator with respect to a given critical task. This method is based on estimating the bounding boxes enclosing the self-motion manifolds for a given set of critical task points. The intersection of these bounding boxes provides a set of artificial joint limits that may guarantee the reachability of the task points after a joint failure. An algorithm for dealing with the special case of 2-D self-motion surfaces is presented, These techniques are illustrated on a PUMA 560 that is used for a 3-D Cartesian positioning task.
Room temperature defect localization of hot and cold failures using scanning probe microscopy techniques

We have developed a defect localization technique at room temperature for devices with nano-leakage and fails only at either cold (0/spl deg/C) or hot (110/spl deg/C) temperature testing using conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and tunneling atomic force microscope (TUNA). With this technique, we isolated the failure to a single transistor leg (i.e. source, drain, and gate) from two test structures. C-AFM was used to isolate a 90nm CMOS test unit whose failure is stuck at zero "0" logic only at cold and at certain frequency and voltage values. TUNA was used in the second test structure, a flash device that losses charge only at hot temperature. Different sample biases were used to capture and isolate the defect site. I-V curves were obtained on the isolated abnormal contacts to verify the failure models. Defect modeling using Spice simulation was also employed to verify and understand the failure mechanism.
Occupational exposures and chronic kidney disease: Possible associations with endotoxin and ultrafine particles.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) carries a high public health burden yet there is limited research on occupational factors, which are examined in this retrospective case-control study. Methods Newly diagnosed cases of CKD (n = 547) and controls (n = 508) from North Carolina provided detailed work histories in telephone interviews. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results There was heterogeneity in the association of CKD and agricultural work, with crop production associated with increased risk and work with livestock associated with decreased risk. Work with cutting/cooling/lubricating oils was associated with a reduced risk. CKD risk was increased for working in dusty conditions. Conclusions CKD risk was reduced in subjects with occupational exposures previously reported to involve endotoxin exposure. Further, exposure to dusty conditions was consistently associated with increased risk of glomerulonephritis across industry, suggesting that research on CKD and ultrafine particulates is needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF PROGESTERONE DEFICIENCY

In order to investigate the nature of the association of involuntarily delayed first birth and risk of breast cancer, 1083 white women who had been evaluated and treated for infertility from 1945-1965 were followed prospectively through April 1978 to ascertain their breast cancer incidence. These women were categorized as to the cause of infertility into two groups, those with endogenous progesterone deficiency (PD) and those with nonhormonal causes (NH). Women in the PD group had 5.4 times the risk of premenopausal breast cancer compared to women in the NH group. This excess risk could not be explained by differences between the two groups in ages at menarche or menopause, history of oral contraceptive use, history of benign breast disease or age at first birth. Women in the PD group also experienced a 10-fold increase in deaths from all malignant neoplasms compared to the NH group. The incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Griseofulvin Only Modestly Diminishes Persistence of Trichophyton tonsurans on the Scalp of Carriers.

OBJECTIVES Using genetic strain typing, we previously identified a high rate of T. tonsurans carriage among preschool-aged children attending an urban daycare center. No treatment was provided as part of the observational study; however, children when symptomatic were treated in accordance with daycare policies. This retrospective investigation examines antifungal drug therapy received during the previous investigation and characterizes the impact of treatment on persistence of the fungus on the scalp. METHODS Children in whom serial typeable isolates of T. tonsurans were recovered were eligible for evaluation. Clinic charts were reviewed and dispensing records obtained from the primary pharmacies serving the daycare. Infection patterns were examined before and after treatment. RESULTS We identified 72 dispensing records for 53 children, all of whom received griseofulvin. Nine children could not be evaluated because treatment was coincident with their last study visit. Thus, 63 treatment events in 44 chil...
Pediatric Sleep II

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children encompasses a continuum of upper airway obstruction during sleep. Intermittent snoring represents the mildest form of this disorder and appears to have few significant clinical consequences. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), on the other hand, represents the other extreme, with gas exchange abnormalities and sleep disruption. With the American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline (published in April 2002) (1), the primary care physician gained further awareness of the need to screen for SDB, leading to increased referrals to otolaryngology and sleep specialists. The American Academy of Pediatrics guideline recommends the following: 1. All children should be screened for snoring. 2. Complex, high-risk patients should be referred to a specialist. 3. Patients with cardiorespiratory failure cannot await elective evaluation. 4. Diagnostic evaluation is useful in discriminating between primary snoring (PS) and OSA syndrome; the gold standard is polysomnography (PSG). 5. Adenotonsillectomy is the first line of treatment for most children, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an option for those who are not candidates for surgery or do not respond to surgery. 6. High-risk patients should be monitored as inpatients postoperatively. 7. Patients should be reevaluated postoperatively to determine whether additional treatment is required.
Endoscopic and Pathologic Characterization of Papillary Architecture in Struvite Stone Formers.

Objective To describe the endoscopic characteristics of renal papillae in struvite stone formers (SFs). Materials and Methods From 2009 to 2014, patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy were prospectively enrolled in our study. Endoscopic analysis and biopsy of papillae were performed to demonstrate the presence and percentage surface area (SA) of Randall's plaque or ductal plug. Comparison with idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) SF and non-SF controls was performed. Results We identified 29 struvite SFs to compare with 90 idiopathic CaOx SFs and 17 controls. On endoscopic mapping, 28 struvite SFs (97%) demonstrated Randall's plaque and 9 (31%) had plugging. The average mean SA of Randall's plaque in struvite SF (1.5 ± 1.4%) was less than CaOx SFs (3.7 ± 4.3%, P = .0018) and similar to controls (1.7 ± 2.7%, P = .76). Average mean plug SA was similar between struvite SFs, CaOx SFs, and controls. On metabolic assessment, 83% of struvite SFs had at least one urine abnormality, with urinary uric acid and oxalate levels significantly higher among struvite SFs compared to controls ( P = .002). Despite lack of active urinary tract infection, interstitial inflammation was more prevalent in struvite SFs compared to CaOx SFs (43.5% vs 7.3%, P = .0001). Conclusions Our findings suggest a limited role for Randall's plaque in struvite stone formation. Struvite SFs have less plaque formation than CaOx SFs, but demonstrate evidence of severe parenchymal inflammation compared to other SFs. The role of this prominent interstitial inflammation requires further study.
Abstract 18541: Morning Surge of Ventricular Arrhythmias in a New Arrhythmogenic Canine Model of Heart Failure is Associated With Attenuation of Heart Rate and Autonomic Adaptation but Reduced Cardiac Chaos

Introduction: Ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure (HF) can be modulated by autonomic stimulation that is reflected by heart rate variability (HRV). Noninvasive measures of nonlinear dynamics (NLD) assess cardiac chaos, decrease of which can be detrimental in patients with HF. Holter monitoring of HF patients (to assess HRV & NLD) is limited by concurrent medication use. The aim of this study was to assess arrhythmia development, heart rate (HR) dynamics and nonlinear dynamics in a new arrhythmogenic canine model of HF. Methods: HF was induced in dogs (N=25) by aortic insufficiency & aortic constriction and assessed by echocardiography. Holter monitoring was performed to study time-of-day variation in arrhythmias (PVCs, VT), traditional HRV measures, and nonlinear dynamics (including Shannon entropy (SE), detrended fluctuations analysis α1 and α2 (DFAα1 & DFAα2), and correlation dimension (CD)) at baseline, 240 days (240d) and 720 days (720d) after HF induction. Results: LV fractional shortening decreased from 43.4±0.7 vs 27.5±0.8 % (p<0.01). Both PVCs and VT showed an early morning rise (2.1-fold & 1.9-fold increase at 6AM-noon vs midnight-6AM). An early morning rise in HR at baseline (ΔHR=13.53±1.42 bpm) was attenuated with development of HF (ΔHR=7.06±0.26 and 6.69±2.44 bpm at 240d & 720d; p<0.01, p<0.05), and was shifted to later in the day. Likewise early morning rise in the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF, reflecting the ratio of sympathetic to parasympathetic inflow) at baseline was markedly attenuated with HF (p<0.05 at 240d & 720d), suggesting reduced early morning sympathetic adaptation. For nonlinear dynamics, SE, DFAα1, DFAα2, and CD all decreased with HF (3.04±0.02 vs 2.82±0.07, 0.67±0.03 to 0.46±0.03, 0.69±0.02 to 0.56±0.03, all p<0.01; and 1.88±0.13 vs 1.12±0.25, p<0.05 for baseline vs 720d), indicating decreased cardiac chaos in HF dogs. Conclusions: In this new arrhythmogenic canine model of HF, an early morning surge in ventricular arrhythmias was associated with attenuation of morning HR rise and blunting of autonomic oscillation. Measures of nonlinear dynamics reflected a consistent decrease in cardiac chaos and loss of complexity of heart rate that could be contributing to ventricular arrhythmias in this setting.
Tenure—is the Young Professional an Endangered Species?

(1987). Tenure—is the Young Professional an Endangered Species? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 58, No. 8, pp. 92-94.
Conidium Formation in Species of Aspergilli

1. In three species of Aspergillus (clavatus, fumigatus, and repens) the conidia are formed as uninucleate cells on uninucleate phialides.2. The conidium of A. fumigatus becomes binucleate by mitot...
Bisphenol A-associated alterations in genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns reveal sequence-dependent and non-monotonic effects in human fetal liver

Bisphenol A (BPA), a high production volume chemical widely used in consumer products, is an endocrine active compound associated with complex epigenetic responses in animal models and humans. Developmental BPA exposure in mice previously revealed widespread changes in the mouse liver methylome. Here, we undertake the first epigenome-wide analysis of the effect of BPA concentration on human fetal liver DNA methylation. Enzymatic enrichment of genomic DNA for high CG density and methylation followed by next-generation sequencing yielded data for positional methylation across the genome. Comparing three groups of BPA-exposed subjects (n=18; 6 per group), high (35.44-96.76 ng/g), low (3.50 to 5.79 ng/g), and non-detect (<0.83 ng/g), revealed regions of altered methylation. Similar numbers of regions of altered methylations were detected in pairwise comparisons; however, their genomic locations were distinct between the non-detect and low or high BPA groups. In general, BPA levels were positively associated with methylation in CpG islands and negatively associated with methylation in CpG shores, shelves, and repetitive regions. DNA methylation at the SNORD imprinted cluster (15q11q13) illustrated both linear and non-monotonic associations with BPA levels. Integrated methylation and RNA-sequencing gene expression analysis revealed differential regulation of transcription at low BPA levels, as well as expression changes in RNA for ligand-binding proteins as BPA levels increase. BPA levels in human fetal liver tissue are associated with complex linear and non-monotonic as well as sequence-dependent alterations in DNA methylation. Future longitudinal studies are needed to link these changes with altered health risks.
Studies of Dimethoate for Control of California Red Scale

Dimethoate at 0.5 or 0.75 lb/100 gal was about as effective against California red scale, Aonidiella auranti (Maskell), as 0.4 or 0.5 lb of parathion in field sprays. Combinations of 0.25 lb of parathion and 0.25 lb of dimethoate per 100 gal were equal to or better than 0.4 or 0.5 lb of parathion used alone. Dimethoate was more toxic to scales on the fruit than those on the wood and parathion more toxic to scales on the wood. The combination of materials was about equally effective on fruit and wood. Effectiveness of both materials was reduced by spraying with water 24 hr after the insecticides were applied in laboratory-lathhouse experiments.
A Multicenter Pilot Study Assessing Regional Cerebral Oxygen Desaturation Frequency During Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Responsiveness to an Intervention Algorithm

BACKGROUND:The purpose of this multicenter pilot study was to: (1) determine the frequency of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) desaturations during cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); (2) evaluate the accuracy of clinician-identified rScO2 desaturations compared with t
Properties and Drug Responsiveness of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases of Rat Lung

Cyclic 39,59-AMP phosphodiesterase and cyclic 39,59-GMP phosphodiesterase of rat lung were found predominantly in the 100,000 x g supernatant fraction. Both enzymes had biphasic Hofstee plots, with apparent Km values of 0.3 µM and 115 µM for cyclic AMP, and 1.5 µM and 19 µM for cyclic GMP. Electrophoretic analysis of the soluble supernatant fraction of lung on a preparative polyacrylamide gel column showed two stable peaks of phosphodiesterase activity. The first peak, which had relatively little phosphodiesterase activity, hydrolyzed only cyclic AMP, whereas the other peak hydrolyzed both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Both peaks of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity of lung had biphasic Hofstee plots. The first had apparent Km values of 2.9 µM and 200 µM, and the second had Km values of 1.9 µM and 190 µM; the cyclic GMP peak had a single Km of 7 µM. These peaks of phosphodiesterase were markedly different in their response to drugs; the first peak was highly resistant to pharmacological inhibition while the second was sensitive to several phosphodiesterase inhibitors. For example, the inhibitor constant (Ki) of trifluoperazine was approximately 1000 µM for the first peak but only about 50 µM for the second peak. In this second peak, both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activities were inhibited to a similar extent by a variety of inhibitors. Neither the cyclic AMP nor cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase of crude or electrophoretically purified fractions was significantly activated by a heat-stable factor derived from rat cerebrum on rat lung. However, the lung does contain an activator of phosphodiesterase which is capable of stimulating brain phosphodiesterase. The differential effects of inhibitors on the multiple forms of phosphodiesterase suggest that the concentration of cyclic nucleotides in lung may be selectively altered by appropriate pharmacological agents.
BLOOD PRESSURE CONCORDANCE BETWEEN SPOUSES

In 1982, 4,474 noninstitutionalized residents of Connecticut who were 18 years or older were interviewed as part of the Connecticut High Blood Pressure Program. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of hypertension among the 2.1 million adults in the state. Spouse correlations for systolic and diastolic blood pressures were examined in 1,260 white spouse pairs. Upon demonstrating a significant correlation in blood pressure between spouses (r = 0.262 for systolic and 0.248 for diastolic, p less than 0.001), subsequent stepwise multiple regressions were used to determine which aspects of the shared marital environment might influence the spouse concordance. Variables related to each spouse as well as variables reflecting similarity between spouses were analyzed. When spouse concordance in blood pressure was examined controlling for age, obesity, dietary salt intake, socioeconomic status, income, education, occupation, smoking, and exercise of both spouses and similarities in these variables, the correlations between spouses' blood pressures remained significant.
Immune Memory:A Double-bladed Sword

Primary specific immunological response occurs when the immune system meets antigen for the first time,and secondary specific immunological response happens when the immune system meets the same antigen,this phenomenon is called immune memory.Immune memory could protect us from the recurrence of the same infectious disease and this is the immunological base of immunization,but immune memory could also harm us in some special situations.In this article,we reviewed the positive and negative effects of immune memory on us in anti-infection immunity,tumor immunity,transplantation immunity,autoimmunity diseases and allergic diseases.Study in depth on the negative effect of immune memory will open a' new door on understanding the occurrence,development and treatment of Immune-related diseases.
Rationale for ACE inhibition as an anti-ischaemic therapy.

Research has established endothelial dysfunction as a pathophysiological mechanism underlying many cardiovascular disease processes. Tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a central role in regulating processes that contribute to endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. A number of large clinical studies have demonstrated conclusively the beneficial effects of ACE inhibition in patients with myocardial ischaemia and left ventricular dysfunction, including a significant reduction in the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction. Mechanistic findings from these studies indicated that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibition would extend to patients with preserved left ventricular function. Available results suggest that ACE inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial function in large and small vessels in patients with coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular function. Quinapril also inhibits progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥ 130 mg. dl -1 ) and reverses the toxic effects of smoking on endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction also may be an important mechanism in episodes of angina and silent ischaemia. The central role of tissue ACE in endothelial function suggests that ACE inhibition has anti-ischaemic effects, A study in progress, the QUinapril Anti-ischaemia and Symptoms of Angina Reduction trial. addresses shortcomings in earlier studies of ACE inhibition for ischaemia and is expected to define the role of quinapril in ischaemia.
Arterial homeostasis, inflammation, and erythropoietic growth factors.

Abstract A neurohumoral link between kidneys and the heart has been established, particularly in the context of hypertension and cardiomyopathy. Beyond this neuro-endocrine pathway, another connecting system theoretically recruits growth factors that are selectively produced by the kidneys and have the ability to promote a distant reaction at the level of bone marrow. This reaction differentiates and circulates vascular progenitor cells capable of repairing the injured cardiovascular system. Reducing injuries (prevention) stabilizes disease processes by reducing tissue damage and destruction but the gradual degradation of the body's natural repair mechanisms eventually allows progressive reactivation of disease processes. In this light, a focus on tissue repair rather than injury prevention may hold the key to controlling chronic heart diseases. This article examines the medical therapies, including recombinant human erythropoietin, that have been shown to improve the function and survival of endothelial progenitor cells and promote the healing of damaged tissue.
Vapor Phase Ortho-Para Conversion in the Large CEL-NBS Hydrogen Liquefier

The use of hydrous ferric oxide catalyst for converting hydrogen from the ortho to the para state during liquefaction was developed over a year ago here at the National Bureau of Standards and was reported in papers A-3 and A-4 of the 1956 Cryogenic Engineering Conference Proceedings. Since that time, this type of catalyst has been used in the large CEL-NBS hydrogen liquefier. The original 1500 cc of catalyst is still in the liquefier and has performed quite satisfactorily. It has, during the past year, converted a little more than 170,000 liters of liquid hydrogen to around 94 per cent para at an average rate of about 240 liquid liters per hour. During this time we have investigated the feasibility of intermittent operation without reactivating the catalyst and have produced as much as 48,500 liters of liquid during eight separate runs without reactivating the catalyst.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Residential Provisions of the 2015 IECC for the State of New York

This analysis was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Building Energy Codes Program (BECP). DOE supports the development and adoption of energy efficient and cost-effective residential and commercial building energy codes. These codes set the minimum requirements for energy-efficient building design and construction and ensure energy savings on a national level. The basis of the residential building energy codes is the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) published by the International Code Council (ICC). The IECC is developed and published on a three-year cycle, with a new edition published at the end of each cycle.
An analytical model of crater count equilibrium

Abstract Crater count equilibrium occurs when new craters form at the same rate that old craters are erased, such that the total number of observable impacts remains constant. Despite substantial efforts to understand this process, there remain many unsolved problems. Here, we propose an analytical model that describes how a heavily cratered surface reaches a state of crater count equilibrium. The proposed model formulates three physical processes contributing to crater count equilibrium: cookie-cutting (simple, geometric overlap), ejecta-blanketing, and sandblasting (diffusive erosion). These three processes are modeled using a degradation parameter that describes the efficiency for a new crater to erase old craters. The flexibility of our newly developed model allows us to represent the processes that underlie crater count equilibrium problems. The results show that when the slope of the production function is steeper than that of the equilibrium state, the power law of the equilibrium slope is independent of that of the production function slope. We apply our model to the cratering conditions in the Sinus Medii region and at the Apollo 15 landing site on the Moon and demonstrate that a consistent degradation parameterization can successfully be determined based on the empirical results of these regions. Further developments of this model will enable us to better understand the surface evolution of airless bodies due to impact bombardment.
In the Spotlight: Technical Services Professionals in Library-Wide Assessment

Assessment has become a necessity for academic libraries. Public services librarians do participate in assessment activities; however, technical services professionals who play a role in library-wide assessments are not widely reported. Although the line between public services and technical services has been blurred, the functions of technical services still exist and remain indispensable. Therefore, it is essential for technical services librarians to contribute to assessment, offering their insights to enhance their library services and demonstrate its value. This case study highlights technical services professionals' roles in library-wide assessments which can be replicated in small to medium-sized libraries.
Experimenting with anarchistic approaches to collaborative planning: The Planning Free School of Chattanooga

ABSTRACTUrban planners have long recognized that collaborative planning processes can lead to more equitable development outcomes. Despite this recognition, calls for greater inclusion, community self-determination, and equitable decision making appear louder than ever before. This study combines narrative and dialogic analysis to examine the transformative impacts and limits of the Planning Free School of Chattanooga, an experimental collaborative planning initiative launched in Chattanooga, Tennessee, to engage historically underrepresented and marginalized residents in local planning conversations and decision making. The Planning Free School model was rooted in anarchistic principles of horizontal, learner-driven engagement, critical self-reflection, capacity building, and antiracist praxis. Over 5 months, 52 workshops, organized as issue-based discussion groups, critical conversations, transformative place-making sessions, and skill shares, were conducted as part of the initiative. The study contends...
Modeling the Early Language Trajectory of Language Development When the Measures Change and Its Relation to Poor Reading Comprehension.

This study examined change in early language comprehension from 15 to 54 months for fifth-grade typical readers (n = 35), poor decoders (n = 11), or poor comprehenders (n = 16) from a nationally representative study of early child-care experiences. Changing measures of language comprehension were captured across early childhood for the 62 children. Multiple-group quasi-simplex and latent growth models were used on rank-transformed outcomes to examine children's relative rank change. Results showed that future poor comprehenders significantly declined in language comprehension over time relative to others who gradually improved. Efforts to improve language skills as a means to improve reading comprehension hinge upon the perspective that language weaknesses are a causal contributor to reading difficulties.
Rational–Irrational Investor Sentiments and Emerging Stock Market Returns: A Comparison from Turkey:

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between rational and irrational consumer-business sentiments and stock returns in an emerging stock market, Turkey. Consumer and business sentiments...
Misuses of Regression and ANCOVA in Educational Research

To the Editor : Education researchers sometimes use multiple regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) inappropriately. Specifically, they sometimes use standardized regression coefficients (betas) as indices of predictor importance, even though this usage is unjustified for multiple regression