cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Growing Lesion on the Cheek

Awoman in her 60swith a Fitzgerald skin type II presented to the clinic with a 4to 5-month history of a growing lesion on her right cheek. The physical examination demonstrated a 3.5-cm indurated, semifixed,multifocallyulceratingmass surroundedbyanerythematous rim overlying the zygomawith a subdermal and subcutaneous extension measuring 4.2 × 4.5 cm. It was nonpigmented except for a small patch along the inferior margin. The right facial and trigeminal nerve branches were intact. There was no lymphadenopathy. Twopunchbiopsy specimenswereobtained and later demonstrated amalignant neoplasm. The patient underwentwide local excision of the mass with a right parotidectomy and a right lymph node dissection of levels 2A, 2B, 3, and 4. Onhematoxylin-eosin staining (Figure, A andB), the lesion excised from the cheek was demonstrated to be invasive to a maximumdepth of 10mmwith perineural involvement and nests of infiltrating lymphocytes. The dermis was filled with atypical spindle cell proliferations organized in strands and cords splayed between collagen bundles and subcutaneous adipose. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a layer of normal overlyingmelanocytes positive forMart-1 (Figure, C). The underlying spindle cell proliferations staineddiffusely positive for S-100 (Figure, D), andCD10. The lymph nodes harvested from levels 2a, 2b, 3, and 4 were found to be benign. What is your diagnosis? A B
Heme Carbonyls: Environmental Effects on νC-O and Fe−C/C−O Bond Length Correlations

The synthesis and characterization of four low-spin (carbonyl)iron(II) tetraphenylporphyrinates, [Fe(TPP)(CO)(L)], where L = 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole (unsolvated), and 1,2-dimethylimidazole (toluene solvate) are reported. The complexes show nearly the same value of νC-O in toluene solution (1969−72 cm-1) but a large range of CO stretching frequencies in the solid-state (1926−1968 cm-1). The large solid-state variation results from CO interactions in the solid state, as shown by an examination of the crystal structures of the four complexes. The high precision of the four structures obtained allows us to make a number of structural and spectroscopic correlations that describe the Fe−C−O and NIm-Fe−CO units. The values of νC-O and the Fe−C and C−O bond distances are strongly correlated and provide a structural, as well as a spectroscopic, correlation of the π back-bonding model. The interactions of CO described are closely related to the large range of CO stretching freque...
The Demand for Antiretroviral Drugs in the Illicit Marketplace: Implications for HIV disease management among vulnerable populations

The diversion of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) has implications for the integrity and success of HIV care, however little is known about the ARV illicit market. This paper aimed to identify the motivations for buying illicit ARVs and to describe market dynamics. Semi-structured interviews (n = 44) were conducted with substance-involved individuals living with HIV who have a history of purchasing ARVs on the street. Grounded theory was used to code and analyze interviews. Motivations for buying ARVs on the illicit market were: to repurchase ARVs after having diverted them for money or drugs; having limited access or low quality health care; to replace lost or ruined ARVs; and to buy a back-up stock of ARVs. This study identified various structural barriers to HIV treatment and ARV adherence that incentivized ARV diversion. Findings highlight the need to improve patient-provider relationships, ensure continuity of care, and integrate services to engage and retain high-needs populations.
Mandelonitrile in larval secretion of mountain ash sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

The larval defensive secretion of the mountain ash sawfly,Pristiphora geniculata, contains seven volatile components. They include benz-aldehyde, borneol, bornyl acetate, mandelonitrile, and C14, C16, and C18 acetates.
Measured kinematic fields in the biaxial shear of granular materials

Abstract Biaxial experiments are performed with rod assemblies to study the micro-mechanical deformation behavior of granular materials. The focus of these experiments is upon the micromechanical behavior under mixed boundary conditions, with stress-controlled lateral boundaries and displacement-controlled axial boundaries. Particle motions, i.e. displacements and rotations, are measured during the test. The particle motions are analyzed to study deformation patterns, including shear localization. Deformation patterns in a number of rod assemblies with random packing structures are investigated.
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration and Cell Deformability

A prominent characteristic of sickle cells is the presence of a subpopulation of severely dehydrated cells. Apart from its effect on the rate and extent of Hb S polymerization at low oxygen tension, dehydration has adverse effects on deformability of oxygenated sickle cells. In general, the degree of deformability defect induced by cellular dehydration measured in vitro depends on the method used to measure deformability. Methods in which the extent or rate of cellular deformation are measured are especially sensitive to intracellular Hb concentration, whereas filtration methods are more sensitive to cell size. Studies of naturally occurring cellular dehydration in red cell disorders other than sickle cell disease have indicated that red cells can tolerate dehydration and a substantial increase in intracellular viscosity much more readily than a loss of deformability that results from loss of surface area or increase in cell volume. Further, the major clinical problems in sickle cell disease, involving occlusion of small vessels, do not correlate with the proportion of poorly deformable, dehydrated cells. Thus, the direct rheologic effects of cellular dehydration in sickle cell disease are probably much less important than the effects of MCHC on the kinetics of Hb S polymerization.
Recent trends in genetic research on captive and wild nonhuman primate populations

Genetic research on nonhuman primates is flourishing. Population genetic approaches are used to address microevolutionary questions about both wild and captive nonhuman primate populations. Population structure studies of wild groups have traditionally been limited by a lack of accurate pedigree and historical information. Current developments in both statistical and molecular pedigree reconstruction techniques now permit more detailed population structure studies of free-ranging populations than were previously possible. Many of these techniques are used extensively in defining pedigree structures for captive populations, as the definition is a vital aspect of genetic management. Captive colonies of non-human primates are managed for both maintenance of genetic variability and avoidance of inbreeding. The close evolutionary relationship between humans and nonhuman primates makes these animals well suited as models for human disease. Accordingly, nonhuman primates are being used in assessing the genetic components of complex phenotypes with increasing frequency. Information that is learned from analyses of data from captive animals can be applied to wild populations and there is great potential for interplay between these research areas. As techniques for genetic analysis of wild populations improve and as data on pedigreed captive nonhuman primate populations accumulate, genetic methods may be applied to an increasing number of traditional interests in primatology such as behavior, morphology, and endocrinology.
Analysis of the self-shading effect on algal vertical distribution in natural waters

Self-shading of light by algae growing in a column of water plays an important role in the dynamics of algal blooms. Thus without self-shading the algal concentration would increase more rapidly, making the nutrient limitation too strong. Apart from the practical importance of self-shading, its inherent nonlinearity in the growth dynamics leads to an interesting mathematical problem, which warrants detailed analytical investigation. Our mathematical model for the self-shading effect includes vertical diffusion, algal settling, gross production, and collective losses of algae. Steady-state solutions of the model equation are investigated in detail by the phase plane method, and their stability examined. Finally we discuss the vertical profile of algal concentration.
Cardiac myocytes and dendritic cells harbor human immunodeficiency virus in infected patients with and without cardiac dysfunction: detection by multiplex, nested, polymerase chain reaction in individually microdissected cells from right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy tissue.

Abstract Two hundred fifteen patients infected with human immunodeficiency viras (HIV) participated in a prospective longitudinal study of HIV-related heart disease. Evaluation included signal-averaged etectrocardiography and echocardiography. Fifteen patients underwent endomyocardial biopsy, 5 had cardiovascular symptoms and 10 did not. Cardiac myocytes or dendritic cells were prepared by individual cell microdissection to sort them from other cell types such as interstitial cells or circulating blood elements. HIV proviral sequences were amplified in samples of 15 to 20 cells of each type by multiplex, nested, polymerase chain reaction and hybridized to 32 P-labeled probes specific for regions within the gag and pol genes of HIV-1. The results showed the presence of HIV sequences in myocytes of 2 of 5 patients with cardiac symptoms and in 6 of 10 without. Thus, symptomatic HIV cardiomyopathy did not appear to be a direct consequence of the viras on myocardial cells. In dendritic cells, HIV sequences were detected in 5 of 5 patients with cardiac symptoms and in 8 of 10 with apparently normal ventricular function. Furthermore, dendritic cells were somewhat more numerous in the myocardium of symptomatic than asymptomatic patients. Our studies are the first to directly detect the HIV genome in purified cardiac myocytes from patients with and without cardiac dysfunction. Our findings do not support a direct role of the viras in myocardial dysfunction. However, the results do suggest that the interstitial dendritic cells may be involved in some manner in the development of cardiac dysfunction observed in HIV-infected patients.
Impact of clinical reminder redesign on physicians' priority decisions.

Objective: Computerized clinical reminder (CCR) systems can improve preventive service delivery by providing patient-specific reminders at the point of care. However, adherence varies between individual CCRs and is correlated to resolution time amongst other factors. This study aimed to evaluate how a proposed CCR redesign providing information explaining why the CCRs occurred would impact providers’ prioritization of individual CCRs. Design: Two CCR designs were prototyped to represent the original and the new design, respectively. The new CCR design incorporated a knowledge-based risk factor repository, a prioritization mechanism, and a role-based filter. Sixteen physicians participated in a controlled experiment to compare the use of the original and the new CCR systems. The subjects individually simulated a scenario-based patient encounter, followed by a semi-structured interview and survey. Measurements: We collected and analyzed the order in which the CCRs were prioritized, the perceived usefulness of each design feature, and semi-structured interview data. Results: We elicited the prioritization heuristics used by the physicians, and found a CCR system needed to be relevant, easy to resolve, and integrated with workflow. The redesign impacted 80% of physicians and 44% of prioritization decisions. Decisions were no longer correlated to resolution time given the new design. The proposed design features were rated useful or very useful. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the redesign of a CCR system using a knowledge-based risk factor repository, a prioritization mechanism, and a role-based filter can impact clinicians’ decision making. These features are expected to ultimately improve the quality of care and patient safety.
An assessment of group trajectories: Analyzing developmental breakpoints

This research investigated the nature of breakpoints in trajectories of group development, as outlined in Poole's Multiple Sequence Model of group development. After clarifying breakpoints as they exist in group interaction, the authors analyzed the utility of the concept of breakpoints as they function to signal groups to pursue new trajectories of development. An examination of group interaction revealed five tentative conclusions: (1) Trajectories of group development require maintenance through the repeated use of routing statements; (2) Trajectories are typically introduced and maintained by prospective routing statements; (3) Group development often follows a trial‐and‐error pattern of issue introduction which functions to affirm the existence of a developmental trajectory; (4) Agenda‐setting statements can lead to breakpoints if properly timed; and (5) Procedural statements may constitute breakpoints when associated with a substantive issue relevant to the group's task. Limitations of this study, a...
Structural investigations of synthetic ferrihydrite nanoparticles doped with Si

Abstract X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoacoustic/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (PA/FTIR) are employed to monitor the changes in the structural aspects of two-line ferrihydrite (FHYD) nanoparticles doped with silica viz. SixFe1−xOOH·nH2O for x=0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.26, 0.40 and 0.50. In XRD, crystallinity decreases and d-spacings increase with increase in x. TEM studies show that the particle size increases systematically with increase in x, from 3.7 nm for x=0 to 5.7 nm for x=0.50. In PA/FTIR, two new bands appear, band F near 3700 cm−1 identified with the surface Si–O–H group and band A near 900 cm−1 identified with Si–O–Fe group, which shifts to higher wavenumbers with increase in x. These results are used to propose a model in which doped Si4+ ions do not displace Fe3+ ions but are chemisorbed on the FHYD surface making a shell of silica for higher doping. This model is consistent with the reported changes in the magnetic properties of FHYD with Si doping.
TOWARDS A UNIFORM LIGHTNESS, HUE, AND SATURATION COLOR MODEL

ABSTRACT GLHS—a generalized lightness, hue, and saturation color model is a generalization of several color models which are often used in computer graphics [5] l. It enables the realization of different models as special cases of the generalized model by specifying the values of two parameters (referred to as weights).A uniform color space is a color model in which distances between points adequately represent perceptual distances between the colors represented by these points.We discuss the search for a particular assignment of the weights in the GLHS model that will yield a special case that is as close to uniformity as possible. 1 INTRODUCTION Whenever color is used in computer graphics representation of parameter distributions, there are several prop­ erties of the color assignment that are desirable in order to make the representation effective. Uniformity—the property that assigns to parameter values colors whose perceptual distances correspond to the distances between the values is one of them.A Uniform Color Space (UCS) is a color model in which distances between points adequately represent perceptual distances between the colors represented by these points. One of the most commonly used UCS's for color monitors is the CIELUV uniform color space [1].If a color space is used to encode several (up to three) parameter distributions into a single multiparameter image, then the coordinates of the color space should be perceptually orthogonal, so that individual parameter values can be discerned at each point in the image [4,5,6].The color models of the Lightness, Hue, and Saturation (LHS) family appear to be the only color models that combine (limited) perceptual orthogonality with the ease of computer implementation [3,8].GLHS—a generalized lightness, hue, and saturation color model, is a generalization of several color models
ProtocolDB: classifying resources with a domain ontology to support discovery

Resource discovery systems often rely on a classification of known resources in order to identify resources suitable for a particular task. In this paper we address the problem of semantic classification vs. syntactic classification. In particular we analyze the BioMoby repository and present the approach used in ProtocolDB to store biological resources with respect to a domain ontology.
Caching decisions by grey squirrels: a test of the handling time and perishability hypotheses

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the relative effects of seed perishability and handling time on the caching preferences of grey squirrels,Sciurus carolinensis, and to test the predictions for caching behaviour that follow from these two hypotheses. Free-ranging squirrels were presented with acorns from two oak subgenera,ErythrobalanusandLeucobalanus, that vary in perishability (due to germination schedules) and handling time (due to acorn size). In six separate caching experiments, individual squirrels were sequentially presented with two acorn types, so that each paired treatment varied in handling time and/or perishability. Caching responses were recorded for each acorn, along with eating and caching times. Squirrels consistently consumed acorns of high perishability and cached acorns of low perishability, without regard to handling time. This result suggests that the perishability of seeds exerts a greater influence than handling time on the grey squirrel's decision to cache acorns.
Enthalpy and entropy of acetone interacting with degussa P25 TiO2 determined by chemical ionization mass spectrometry

We have applied chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) to study the temperature-dependent interaction of acetone with Degussa P25 TiO2, an inexpensive catalyst often used to mineralize volatile organic compounds. Acetone binding was examined between room temperature and 373 K, moderate temperatures likely to be employed for remediating indoor air pollution. Degussa P25 substrates were exposed to environmentally representative acetone partial pressures between 5 × 10-8 and 2 × 10-4 Torr, and the interaction is found to be largely reversible. The enthalpies of adsorption obtained from model-dependent fits to the adsorption isotherms were compared with the model-independent isosteric heats of adsorption and are found to range between −12(10) and −17(5) kJ mol-1. Standard adsorption entropies range between −40(34) and −57(17) J mol-1 K-1 when referenced to a half-saturated catalyst surface standard state. Statistical thermodynamic calculations involving local versus mobile adsorbates suggest that a mode...
The United States Regular Education Initiative

ABSTRACT The Regular Education Initiative (REI) has been proposed in the United States as a means of integrating special education students into regular classes. REI has caused considerable debate as to its merits in both regular and special educational systems. The implications of this debate are discussed as well as specific problems and issues regarding REI.
Political Trust, Ideology, and Public Support for Government Spending

This article analyzes the relationship between political trust, ideology, and public support for government spending. We argue that the political trust heuristic is activated when individuals are asked to sacrifice ideological as well as material interests. Aggregate- and individual-level analysis shows that the effects ofpolitical trust on supportfor government spending are moderated by ideology. Consistent with the unbalanced ideological costs imposed by requests for increased government spending, we find that the effects of political trust are significantly more pronounced among conservatives than among liberals. The analysis further demonstrates that ideology conditions the effects of political trust on attitudes toward both distributive and redistributive spending. Or findings suggest that political trust has policy consequences across a much broader range ofpolicy issues than previously thought. he decline of political trust in America has been a frequent target of scholarly investigation. Numerous attempts have been made to identify and explain the factors most responsible for declining levels of trust in the federal government (Citrin 1974; Hibbing and Theiss-Morse 2001; Miller 1974). Comparatively less effort has been spent analyzing the consequences of this decline. Recently, however, several studies have underscored the theoretical import of political trust by demonstrating that it has important attitudinal and behavioral consequences for American democracy. On the behavioral side, political trust is important because it fosters citizen compliance with governmental demands (Levi 1997; Scholz and Lubell 1998; Tyler and Degoey 1995) and influences citizens' likelihood of voting for challengers and thirdparty candidates (Hetherington 1999). Political trust also matters because it affects citizens' beliefs about the proper balance of power in our federal system (Hetherington and Nugent 2001) and shapes public support for domestic policy liberalism (Chanley, Rudolph, and Rahn 2000;
NEMTCHINOVA, EKATERINA. Poslushajte! A Listening and Speaking Course. New Orleans, LA: University Press of the South, 2011. Pp, 177. $49.95, paper. ISBN 978–1–93703–001–8. Audio CD included.

The article reviews the book "Poslushajte! A Listening and Speaking Course," by Ekaterina Nemtchinova.
Averaged evoked responses to synthetic syntax sentences (3S).

Averaged evoked responses (AER) were determined for 10 subjects during the presentation of synthetic syntax sentences (3S) which had been subjected to either intensity, frequency, or time degradati...
Integrating QSEN and Technology to Address Rural Health Care: Initial Outcomes

Abstract Innovative educational approaches are needed to meet the growing technology demands of our health care system and the expectation for integration of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies in undergraduate curricula. Preparing baccalaureate nursing students to deliver health care services in rural environments requires awareness of multiple factors, including rural nursing practice challenges and rural culture. Nursing faculty at a Midwestern public university located in a predominantly rural state designed an integrated approach to address these needs through technology-focused and QSEN-based simulation scenarios. This manuscript presents the activities and outcomes from the 1st year of the project.
Thrombogenic Properties of Murine Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies Induced by β2 Glycoprotein 1 and Human Immunoglobulin G Antiphospholipid Antibodies

Background Recurrent arterial thrombosis and venous thrombosis are frequent complications of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Patients produce anti-cardiolipin antibodies, but the role of these antibodies in thrombus formation is uncertain. This study used a unique CD-1 mouse model of thrombosis to determine whether anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1) antibodies induced immunologically in these animals are thrombogenic. Methods and Results The CD-1 mouse model enables measurement of the kinetics of a thrombus induced in the femoral vein of the animal. Animals are first anesthetized, then one femoral vein is exposed and subjected to a standardized, nonpenetrating “pinch” injury that induces a thrombus. The vein is transilluminated, and the growing thrombus is visualized on a television screen. The rate of formation and disappearance of the thrombus as well as its area can be measured by a computer attached to the television. Three groups of CD-1 mice (each group comprising seven animals...
H. pylori vaccines: why we still don't have any.

Helicobacter pylori was appreciated as the major cause of peptic ulcers about 30 years ago and the most significant etiological agent in gastric cancer in the mid-1990s. Since that time, progress i...
Factors affecting website reconstruction from the web infrastructure

When a website is suddenly lost without a backup, it maybe reconstituted by probing web archives and search engine caches for missing content. In this paper we describe an experiment where we crawled and reconstructed 300 randomly selected websites on a weekly basis for 14 weeks. The reconstructions were performed using our web-repository crawler named Warrick which recovers missing resources from the Web Infrastructure (WI), the collective preservation effort of web archives and search engine caches. We examine several characteristics of the websites over time including birth rate, decay and age of resources. We evaluate the reconstructions when compared to the crawled sites and develop a statistical model for predicting reconstruction success from the WI. On average, we were able to recover 61% of each website's resources. We found that Google's PageRank, number of hops and resource age were the three most significant factors in determining if a resource would be recovered from the WI.
Cyberinfrastructure for the US Ocean Observatories Initiative

The US National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an environmental observatory covering a diversity of oceanic environments, ranging from the coastal to the deep ocean. The key integrating element of the OOI is a comprehensive cyberinfrastructure (CI) that is a substantial departure from previous approaches that will have a significant impact on oceanography over the next twenty years. This paper provides a high-level overview of the CI architecture, as well as the integration and deployment strategies that will ensure its success.
Release of corrosion products by F-75 cobalt base alloy in the rat. I: Acute serum elevations†

The release of corrosion products by implants has become a matter of concern. Using a microsphere model, the release of chromium, cobalt, and nickel, secondary to implantation of various surface area exposures of F-75, a cast cobalt-chromium alloy, was studied over a 30 day period in the rat. Dose related elevations were observed in the serum concentration of chromium and cobalt but not of nickel, with the maxima being achieved at 3 days after metal implantation followed by declines in concentration. The chromium elevation, approximately twelvefold for a surface area to body weight (SA/BW) ratio of 300 X is similar to that previously reported in patients receiving total hip replacement arthoplasties . However, the cobalt elevation, twentyfold for a SA/BW ratio of 300 X, has not been previously observed. These serum concentration changes are as yet unexplained, but are probably not due to fibrous capsule maturation or alloy repassivation .
A New Cataloging Curriculum in a Time of Innovation: Exploring a Modular Approach to Online Delivery

Cataloging librarianship has a tradition of innovation. Currently, professional and instructional innovations must be considered in a new Cataloging curriculum. Using as a framework Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation, this reflective study explores one solution being considered at the University of Missouri while revising the Cataloging curriculum. A balance between theory and practice is suggested through the establishment of a set of core theoretical topics to be covered in the first part of the Cataloging class; Web-based modular elements to be covered in the second part will focus on cataloging practice in specific kinds of libraries.
Influence of knee alignment on gait in patients with knee osteoarthitis

Introduction: Patients with knee OA are recognised to present an altered gait pattern that is associated with pain and disease severity [1–3]. Amongst many factors, the lower limb alignment has been identified as an important risk factor for the progression of knee OA. Based on our knowledge, no gait study has compared patients with knee OA and different knee deformities. The aim of this study was to determine how knee alignment influences fullbody gait in patients with severe knee OA. Patients/materials and methods: Sixty patients with severe knee OA scheduled for a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included in this study. Patients were divided in two groups (varus and valgus). The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was assessed by fulllimb radiography. A knee was defined as varus when the angle was less than 180◦ and as valgus when the angle was greater than 180◦. A 3Dmotion analysis system (VICON) was used to capture the fullbody motion during gait. Reflective markers were placed on the pelvis and lower limbs according to the Davis protocol [4] and on the trunk as described by Gutierrez-Farewik et al. [5]. Two force plates (AMTI) were used to capture the ground reaction forces. The 3D full-body kinematics and lower body kinetics were compared between the two groups using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Results: The analysis demonstrated different gait patterns between both groups (Tables 1 and 2). Patients with varus knee significantly augmented their upper body gait compensations in the frontal plane compared to patients with a valgus knee. Differences betweenvarus and valgus groupswere also obtained for knee and hip parameters.
Blue shifts of the optical transitions in MnO below TN

The temperature dependence of the optical transitions (A, B and C bands) in MnO was measured between 27 and 295K, with particular attention to the region near TN approximately=118K. All three bands undergo blue shifts below TN, with the total shift Delta E approximately=1% between TN and 27K. Using the Penn model for dielectric constant, it is argued that the observation of square root Delta E being proportional to sigma (order parameter) for the A and B band is consistent with the dielectric anomaly reported recently in MnO below TN.
Secretion of the STA3 heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli: extracellular delivery of Pro-STA is accomplished by either Pro or STA.

The methanol-soluble, heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli is a protease-resistant extracellular peptide which is synthesized as a 72-amino-acid precursor Pre-Pro-STA3. The specific roles of Pre (19 amino acids), Pro (34 amino acids) and STA3 (19 amino acids) in the secretion process were studied by functionally deleting each of the three domains. Deletion of the Pre signal sequence resulted in a short-lived cell-associated molecule with an M(r) equivalent to that of Pro-STA3. Deletion of Pro (i.e., Pre-STA3) resulted in the rapid extracellular accumulation of STA3; the periplasmic intermediate found in the secretion of the wild-type toxin was undetected. Deletion of the STA3 domain resulted in a cell-associated Pre-Pro peptide; with time this form converted to periplasmic Pro which later became extracellular. When DNA encoding either STA3, by itself, or Pro-STA3 (lacking the signal peptide) was expressed, these peptides were degraded intracellularly, with no periplasmic or extracellular forms detected. The results presented demonstrate that the signal peptide (Pre) is essential even for the export of small peptides to the periplasm, and that its absence causes the STA3 domain to become susceptible to intracellular proteases. The rapid degradation of intracellular STA3 indicates that its proteolytic resistance is acquired in a compartment other than the cytoplasm. The results also show that after the Pre domain is proteolytically cleaved from Pre-STA3 and Pre-Pro, the STA3 and Pro peptides can exit to the culture supernatant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High incidence of female reproductive tract cancers in FA deficient HPV16 transgenic mice correlates with E7's induction of DNA damage response, an activity mediated by E7's inactivation of pocket proteins

High incidence of female reproductive tract cancers in FA-deficient HPV16-transgenic mice correlates with E7’s induction of DNA damage response, an activity mediated by E7’s inactivation of pocket proteins
Registration and data description in geometric model construction from range data

Tools for constructing geometric model data from noisy 3-D sensor measurements of physical parts are presented. Optical non-contact sensors provide only partial data from one viewpoint because the signal does not reach all the surface points at a time. In order to obtain a complete 3-D data set, several data sets from different vantage points have to be merged. An approach for solving the relative transformation between the viewpoints is presented. The method is based on the iterative closest point algorithm which does not require feature-to-feature correspondences. Additional constraints on visibility and surface normals consistency are imposed in order to avoid incorrect matches. A mean square sum of the distances between observations and planar primitives is minimized. Surface triangulations and NURBS approximation are employed in model construction experiments. Registration and model construction examples are given using simulated and real range data.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Symptomatic gastrointestinal metastases secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma

Gastrointestinal metastases secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma are relatively uncommon and most are found incidentally at autopsy examination in patients with advanced or widely disseminated lung cancer. Occasionally gastrointestinal metastases occur relatively early in the course of the disease and give rise to a variety of clinical symptoms and radiological abnormalities. Recognition of these abnormalities is important in order that appropriate palliative therapy may be undertaken. The clinical, radiological and pathological findings in 12 patients with symptomatic gastrointestinal metastases secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma were reviewed. Clinical symptoms varied according to the site of metastatic involvement and included dysphagia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, anaemia and signs of intestinal obstruction or perforation. The sites of metastatic involvement were: oesophagogastric junction (2 cases); stomach (2 cases); duodenum (1 case); jejunum (3 cases); ileum (2 cases); colon (2 cases). The radiological findings are discussed and illustrated.
Functional variation in dermatomes in the macaque monkey following dorsal root lesions.

Previous definitions of dermatomes, in various species, have revealed a characteristic pattern of serial overlapping root areas. Most investigators have used either the method of “remaining sensibility” or recordings of dorsal nerve root potentials, and have sectioned the dorsal nerve roots within the spinal canal, proximal to the dorsal root ganglia. We have used the method of “remaining sensibility” in experiments in macaque monkeys. Section of the neighboring dorsal roots proximal to their ganglia produced dermatomes which resembled closely those isolated by Sherrington. However, we found consistently that when the neighboring spinal nerves were sectioned distal to their dorsal root ganglia, the isolated root areas on the trunk were approximately twice as large as before and now also showed persistent hyperesthesia. Re-sectioning of the dorsal roots of these nerves within the dura reduced the isolated root areas to their “classical” size, but usually only after a delay of three or four days. The injection of subconvulsive doses of strychnine sulfate solution produced an enormous expansion of an isolated dermatome, irrespective of whether the neighboring roots had been sectioned intradurally or beyond their ganglia; no change in area was observed after the injection of morphine sulfate solution. Conversely, the size of a dermatome which had been isolated by intradural section of three dorsal roots above and below was reduced by subsequent section of three additional roots above and below. We have concluded that the observed size of an isolated dermatome is a variable quantity and can be taken as an index of the efficiency of sensory transmission within the same and neighboring segments of the spinal cord.
Several approaches to solve the rotation illusion with wheel effect

The wheel effect (also called the Wagon-wheel effect) is a well-known rotation illusion in which a rotating wheel, when displayed as individual frames, appears to rotate differently from its true rotation due to temporal aliasing. In this paper, we propose several approaches to solve this problem for synthetic imagery in computer animation. First, we develop an algorithm to compute the frame number at which our visual perception starts to incorrectly interpret the wheel rotation. By making this critical frame number available, we can correct the wheel rotation by manipulating its geometry while viewers are unaware of the change. Our second approach is developed based on the Nyquist sampling theorem. We can increase the sample rate to capture the essential deviation that correctly depicts the wheel rotation to take care of the under-sampling issue. Our third approach is based on the traditional view that texture is often used to aid our motion perception. We further identity certain rules that can be applied to the textures to distinguish the real motion from the illusion. For each approach, we analyze both the advantages and disadvantages and suggest the potential applications.
Parameterization of heterogeneous droplet chemistry for use in bulk cloud models

Abstract Comparison of in-cloud sulfate production by a bulk-parameterized cloud model, a modified bulk parameterized model, and an explicit microphysical model for a wide variety of scenarios has been used as the basis for deriving a parameterization of the effects of heterogeneous cloud chemistry on in-cloud sulfate production. The parameterization, essentially a transfer function relating bulk and explicit model predictions, can be easily employed in large-scale Eulerian cloud models and has been demonstrated to have significant impact on predictions of sulfate deposition.
Analysis of a Melt-Blowing Die: Comparison of CFD and Experiments

The flow field resulting from two similar converging-plane jet nozzles was studied using a computational fluid dynamics approach that was validated through experimental data. The case in which the nozzles were near each other (blunt die) and the case in which there was no space between the nozzles (sharp die) were both considered. Such rectangular nozzles are used commercially to produce polymeric fibers in melt-blowing processes. The k−e turbulence model and the Reynolds stress model were used. The model parameters were calibrated by using the experimental data; accurate model predictions resulted from this calibration. The flow field downstream from the blunt die was found to exhibit (a) a region in which each jet has its own identity; (b) a merging region, which includes a maximum in turbulence intensity; and (c) a self-similar region. The flow field for the sharp die exhibited only the latter two regions of development. The behavior of alternative die designs, with different jet angles, was also exami...
Transformation of liquid to amorphous solid: The time to vitrify for styrene polymerization

A model is presented for the calculation of the time to vitrify vs. temperature for isothermal polymerization by the chain growth mechanism. The model is based on the glass transition temperature (Tg) rising from its initial value to the reaction temperature. The relationships between Tg and the volume fraction of polymer and monomer, the volume fraction of polymer and the extent of reaction, and the extent of reaction and time are also required. In a plot of temperature vs. time the vitrification curve is generally S-shaped; the time passes through a maximum just above the glass transition temperature. The model applies to linear polymerization in which monomer and high molecular weight polymer are the dominant species, i.e., to chain reactions. In this communication the model is applied to the bulk polymerization of styrene by the free radical mechanism.
Sons, Lovers And The Laius Complex In Russian Modernist Poetry

Psychosocial tensions between authors of different generations have occupied a significant part of literary scholarship for the past hundred years. The Russian formalists made the evolution of literary status through generational turnover an explicit scholarly concern; Harold Bloom's Anxiety of Influence is a profoundly influential application of similar ideas to the Anglo-American poetic tradition.1 Recent feminist criticism addresses the roles of gender in describing poetic creativity and relationships, but also the economy of discourse in which common narratives of romantic or family relationships become overdetermining ways to imagine the interactions among writers, texts, and traditions.2 The following two articles byJenifer Presto and Stuart Goldberg engage these bodies of scholarship. Offering specific textual evidence and close reading, they also address the whole complex of Russian literature and culture, with implications for the way we as readers choose or inherit approaches and interpretations. The distinction between filiation and affiliation arose productively in scholarship on modernist authors, though traditional use in manuscript studies of the term filiation (to refer to ancestry in textual transmission) set a precedent for the idea that textual bodies generate textual offspring. Edward Said offers an influential formulation of the modernist rejection of filiation, cited by Presto and used to good effect by scholars such as David Bethea (on Joseph Brodsky) and Clare Cavanagh (on Osip Mandel'shtam). Emmanual Levinas, on the other hand, reads filiation through eros as an enlightening and powerful source of relationship with the fu-
A one-stage technique for constructing female external genitalia in male transsexuals

Abstract A one-stage surgical technique for construction of vagina and labia in male transsexuals is described. A full thickness penile skin pedicle based proximally is utilised to line the vaginal canal and scrotal skin is used for labial construction. Our results in the treatment of 19 patients are discussed.
Melatonin regulates circadian electroretinogram rhythms in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.

The circadian rhythm of the chick electroretinogram (ERG) is regulated by the indoleamine hormone melatonin. To determine if the concentration of melatonin or the time at which it was administered would have differential effects on ERG parameters, we conducted experiments analyzing the effects of melatonin at different times of the day. Circadian rhythms of a- and b-wave implicit times and amplitudes were observed in both light:dark (LD) and in continuous darkness (DD). Intramuscular melatonin administration of 1 mg/kg and 100 ng/kg decreased a- and b-wave amplitudes and increased a- and b-wave implicit times. This effect was significantly greater than that observed for 1 ng/kg melatonin, which had little to no effect over the saline controls. The effect of 1 mg/kg and 100 ng/ kg melatonin on a- and b-wave amplitude in LD and on b-wave amplitude in DD was greater during the night (ZT/CT 17) than during the day (ZT/CT 5). The fold change in b-wave implicit time over that of controls was greater during the day (ZT/CT 5) than during the night (ZT/CT 17). These data indicate that melatonin may play a role in regulating a day and night functional shift in the retina, and that it does so via regulation of a retinal clock.
The BorderLink Project Provides Resources for Students Interested in College

Purpose – To provide a greater understanding of how technology can be utilized in the classroom and in relationships between teachers, students, parents, counselors, school board members and others in the community involved in the school district mission and activities.Design methodology/approach – To examine and test ways that barriers can be reduced for post‐secondary opportunities for rural underserved students through the uses of technology.Findings – Four major technologies were instrumental in the Project: LinkWorld, Mobile Learning Labs, Online Modules and Videoconferences, each used to achieve different ways to offer information and services to students at different sites.Originality/value – For underserved students, the choices to go on for vocational training and post‐secondary schooling, access to technology, for purposes of student assessment, counseling, opportunities, interview skills, testing, academic achievement is critical for successful transitions. The technology products and interface...
Pavlovian perceptions and primate realities

The extent to which Pavlovian feed-forward mechanisms operate in primates is debatable. Monkeys and apes are long-lived, usually gregarious, and intelligent animals reliant on learned behavior. Learning occurs during play, mother-infant interactions, and grooming. We address these situations, and are hesitant to accept Domjan et al.'s reliance on Pavlovian conditioning as a major operant in primates.
Cyclic Electron Transfer and Photosynthetic Energy Balance

Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF1) is thought to balance chloroplast ATP/NADPH output to match downstream demands, but despite decades of work the regulation, pathway, catalytic and proton pumping capacity of the process remain controversial. At least four different pathways have been proposed for PQR, through NAD(P)H:plastoquinone reductase (NDH (1)), the antimycin A-sensitive ferredoxin:plastoquinone reductase (FQR (2)), which involved the protein PGR5, through ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR, (3)) and through the cytochrome b6f complex (4). In addition, neither the capacity of CEF1, or the system that regulates it are known. We isolated a new class of Arabidopsis mutant, hcef for high CEF1, which shows dramatically higher CEF1. Characterization of these mutants shows that 1) elevated CEF1 flows through NDH rather than other proposed pathways; 2) CEF1 is highly inducible and can achieve quite high rates; 3) CEF1 is critical for maintaining ATP levels under stress; 4) the NDH complex likely pumps protons, like its homolog in the mitochondrion, Complex I. Finally, we demonstrate the energetic importance of CEF1 in stress responses in plants and CO2 pumping in algae.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Kinetics of hydrogen-transfer isomerizations of butoxyl radicals

Five isomerization reactions involving intramolecular hydrogen-transfer in butoxyl radicals have been studied using variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling. A set of best estimates of barrier heights and reaction energies for these five reactions was obtained by using coupled cluster theory including single and double excitations with a quasiperturbative treatment of connected triple excitations and a basis set extrapolated to the complete basis set limit plus core–valence correlation contributions and scalar relativistic corrections. This work predicts high-pressure limiting rate constants of these five reactions over the temperature range 200–2500 K and clarifies the available experimental data from indirect measurements. This study shows the importance of performing rate calculations with proper accounting for tunneling and torsional anharmonicity. We also proposed two new models for use in fitting rate constants over wide ranges of temperature.
Discussion by N.K. Bose

Several problems in modern astronomy, including deconvolution of noisy and blurred data from satellite-borne telescopes and inference of stellar object brightness distribution from the recorded intensity of a diffraction pattern are of interest to scientists with my background. The portions of the paper under review, which particularly appeal to me, are concerned with the use of minimal spanning tree and Voronoi tessellations.