cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Between Clinic and Experiment: Wilder Penfield's Stimulation Reports and the Search for Mind, 1929–55

In medicine, the realm of the clinic and the realm of experimentation often overlap and conflict, and physicians have to develop practices to negotiate their differences. The work of Canadian neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield (1891–1976) is a case in point. Engaging closely with the nearly 5,000 pages of unpublished and hitherto unconsidered reports of electrical cortical stimulation that Penfield compiled between 1929 and 1955, I trace how Penfield’s interest shifted from the production of hospital-based records designed to help him navigate the brains of individual patients to the construction of universal brain maps to aid his search for an ever-elusive “mind.” Reading the developments of Penfield’s operation records over time, I examine the particular ways in which Penfield straddled the individual and the universal while attempting to align his clinical and scientific interests, thereby exposing his techniques to standardize and normalize his brain maps. Resume: Souvent en medecine, les domaines de la clinique et de l’experimentation coincident et s’opposent simultanement, obligeant les medecins a developper des pratiques pour negocier leurs differences. Le travail du neurochirurgien canadien Wilder Penfield (1891–1976) en est un bon exemple. En analysant soigneusement les quelque 5 000 pages de protocoles de stimulations corticales electriques non publies (et jusqu’ici non consideres) que Penfield a compiles entre 1929 et 1955, j’explique comment son interet s’est transforme; de la production de comptes rendus d’operation et de graphiques l’aidant a naviguer dans les cerveaux des patients individuels, a la construction de cartes cerebrales universelles et a la recherche d’un « esprit » insaisissable. En lisant les developpements des comptes rendus d’operation au fils du temps, je montre comment Penfield a concu les techniques pour standardiser et normaliser ses cartes de cerveau, et j’examine la maniere particuliere avec laquelle il a reconcilie l’individuel et l’universel tout en essayant de mettre en accord ses interets cliniques et scientifiques.
Global in Time Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis for the Reduced NS-α Model of Incompressible Flow

We provide a detailed global in time analysis, and sensitivity analysis and testing, for the recently proposed (by the authors) reduced NS-α model. We extend the known analysis of the model to the global in time case by proving it is globally well-posed, and also prove some new results for its long time treatment of energy. We also derive PDE system that describes the sensitivity of the model with respect to the filtering radius parameter, and prove it is well-posed. An efficient numerical scheme for the sensitivity system is then proposed and analyzed, and proven to be stable and optimally accurate. Finally, two physically meaningful test problems are simulated: channel flow past a cylinder (including lift and drag calculations) and turbulent channel flow with $${Re_{\tau}=590}$$ . The numerical results reveal that sensitivity is created near boundaries, and thus this is where the choice of the filtering radius is most critical.
Search and rescue: dog and handler collaboration through wearable and mobile interfaces

Search and Rescue (SAR) is a critical component of disaster recovery efforts. Every second saved in the search increases the chances of finding survivors and the majority of these teams prefer using canines [5]. Our goal is to help enable SAR dog and handler teams to work together more effectively. Using a semi-structured interviews and guidance from K9-SAR experts as we iterate through designs, we develop a two-part system consisting of a wearable computer interface for working SAR dogs that communicates with their handler via a mobile application. Additionally, we discuss the system around a heuristic framework that includes dogs as active participants. Finally, we show the viability of our tool by evaluating it with feedback from three SAR experts.
Abstract 395: Formation of New Coronary Collaterals After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mouse

Variation in extent of the native pre-existing collateral (COL) circulation, ie, COL number and average diameter in healthy tissues, is a major determinant of the variation in severity of tissue injury after acute obstruction. Indirect evidence suggests that coronary COL extent varies widely in presumed healthy humans. Although the cause of this variation is unknown, studies in non-heart tissues of healthy mouse strains have found that differences in genetic background are a major determinant. Whether this applies to the heart is unknown, because no model exists to investigate the coronary COL circulation in mice. In addition, little is known regarding whether new COLs can be induced to form in individuals with few native COLs. To address these questions, we developed a mouse model that combines high-resolution (capillary-level) microangiography and ligation (LADX) with measurement of coronary COL conductance index and infarct volume. Adult (3-mos-old) mouse strains chosen for their large rank-order difference in native COL extent in brain and hindlimb-BLKS > C57BL/6 > A > BALB/c-all lack native coronary COLs. After LADX, all strains formed new COLs by day-3 that reached maximum number and diameter by day-14. However, rank-order for new COL formation differed from the above, ie, C57BL/6 @ BALB/c > BLKS > A; COL conductance and infarct volume-1 followed this same rank-order. Moreover, the rank-order for new COL formation differed from the rank-order for COL remodeling after arterial ligation in brain and hindlimb, ie, A > C57BL/6 > BALB/c. Ongoing studies to determine the mechanisms of new COL formation after LADX find strongly reduced COL formation and conductance and increased infarct volume in C57BL/6 mice deficient in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or its receptor (CCR2)-effects partially rescued by bone marrow transplantation. Conclusions: Unlike other tissues, the mouse heart lacks native COLs. Mice thus provide a model to study coronary collaterogenesis free of complications posed by remodeling of pre-existing COLs. Gene polymorphisms underlying variation in ischemic coronary collaterogenesis differ from those underlying variation in embryonic formation of native COLs. MCP-1 and bone marrow cells play an important role in new COL formation.
Physical activity and exercise self-regulation in cancer survivors: A qualitative study.

Objective Despite the benefits of physical activity, many cancer survivors do not adhere to clinically recommended levels. This qualitative study investigated factors of self-regulation contributing to survivor physical activity patterns. Methods Participants attended focus groups with prompts on exercise habits and self-regulation on the basis of social cognitive theory, self-determination theory, and self-regulation theory. Content analysis with a priori codes was conducted to identify emergent themes. Results Participants (n = 35) were predominately older (63.7 y ± 10.8), female (69%), white (71%), and breast cancer (60%) survivors, with 41% not meeting activity guidelines. Emergent themes included exercise goal development, selection, and attainment; exercise planning; and self-reward. Participants tended to develop values-based, general goals rather than action-based, measurable goals. Goal attainment success emerged as a facilitator of future goal performance; completing a current goal facilitated subsequent goal attainment, while failure hindered future goal completion. Rather than having deliberate intentions to schedule exercise, participants exercised if expedient in the context of normal daily activities. Food consumption emerged as a major mechanism for self-reward. Conclusions Our findings suggest that values-based goals, unplanned activity, influence from previous goal attempts, and self-reward were important factors related to self-regulation. Interventions designed to improve self-regulation may consider facilitating development of autonomous, value-based goals, assisting in development of strategies for future goals if current goals are not met, endorsing exercise as a scheduled activity, and introducing healthy self-reward alternatives.
Differential Effects of Climate on Survival Rates Drive Hybrid Zone Movement.

Summary Climate change has been implicated as driving shifts of hybridizing species' range limits [1, 2]. Whether and how much hybrid zones move depends on the relative fitness of hybridzing species under changing conditions [3, 4]. However, fitness is rarely linked to both climatic conditions and movement of hybrid zones, such that the relationship between climate change and hybrid zone dynamics remains tenuous [5]. Here we report how interactions between climate (seasonal precipitation) and competitor densities result in steep differentials in survival, which in turn drive hybrid zone movement for two woodrat species ( Neotoma fuscipes and N. macrotis ) in central California, USA. Using 6 years of capture-mark-recapture data, we found that the smaller-bodied species, N. macrotis , and hybrids had survival advantages over the larger-bodied N. fuscipes in the contact region during dry winters and wet springs. This pattern of differential survival, with N. macrotis having a consistent advantage over N. fuscipes during our study period, matched the spatial dynamics of the hybrid zone, which moved steadily north into N. fuscipes territory, with its estimated center moving ∼150 m north in 6 years. Our findings provide a unique demonstration of range movements emerging from a complex interplay between climate and competition. Although all study site areas experienced the same climatic conditions, competitive effects created a complex spatial pattern of survival differentials, which in turn influenced hybrid zone movement. Characterization of fitness differentials derived from replicated demographic studies of contact regions between competitors should greatly improve our ability to understand and forecast climate-driven range dynamics.
No wrong choices: performing alternate reality in The Tension Experience

Alternate reality games have, throughout their existence, involved performance to varying extents while maintaining clear game elements. 2016’s The Tension Experience was so heavily based on perfor...
Catalytic Desymmetric Cycloaddition of Diaziridines with Metalloenolcarbenes: The Role of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropenes.

A chiral copper(I) complex catalyzes reactions of symmetric diaziridines with enol diazo compounds, which react through N-N bond ring opening in a formal [3+3] cycloaddition to form four chiral centers with high stereocontrol. A broad spectrum of bridged dinitrogen heterocycles were obtained in high yields and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities from γ-substituted enol diazoacetates, while their geometrical isomers gave different enantioselectivities. Donor-acceptor cyclopropenes formed from the geometrical isomers of the γ-substituted enol diazoacetates underwent catalytic ring opening to give only the Z isomer of the metalloenolcarbene intermediate, provided excellent yields and selectivities for the 1,5-diazabicyclo[n.3.1]non-2-ene derivatives.
Education, adult children's education, and depressive symptoms among older adults in rural China

This study examines whether children's education amplifies the effect of older adults' own education on their later life depressions in rural China. Data derives from six waves of panel data (2001, 2003 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015) from the Longitudinal Study of Older Adults in Anhui Province, China. Random effect models showed that both older adults' own education and adult children's education had direct effects on depressive symptoms of older adults. Older adults' education influenced children's education, and in turn influenced intergenerational support from children, which consequently influenced depressive symptoms of older adults. Taken together, children's education amplifies the effect of older adults' own education on their depressive symptoms in rural China. This process increases health inequalities among older adults as a result of associated educational achievements in two generations. Educational policy should promote the equality of educational attainment of individuals in the future.
The proportion testing positive for SARS-COV-2 among the tested population in the U.S.: Benefits of the positive test ratio under scaled testing scenarios

The ratios offer simple ways to account for variations in testing and reporting. Tracking the ratios in addition to cases offer a more precise view of the pandemic. Our observations underscore the need to scale mass testing with accurate and reliable tests, to implement testing systematically and report results consistently.
Noise reduction in supercontinuum sources for OCT by single-pulse spectral normalization

Supercontinuum (SC) sources offer high illumination power from a single-mode fiber with large spectral bandwidth including the visible spectrum, which is a growing application area for optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, SC spectra suffer from pulse-to-pulse variations, increasing noise in the resulting images. By simultaneously collecting a normalization spectrum, OCT image noise can be reduced by more than half (7 dB) for single pulses without any pulse averaging using only simple optical components.
Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia

A 19-year-old female underwent EP study for symptomatic SVT. Ventricular pacing demonstrated eccentric conduction was present. Diagnosis of AVRT with left-sided accessory pathway was reached while other SVT types were excluded. Ablation was successful after mapping the mitral ring via a transseptal approach.
Retrodirective Transceiver Utilizing Phased Array and Direction Finder

Retrodirectivity have several important applications in communication and in wireless power transfer. In this paper, frequency sensitive retrodirective transceiver is proposed. It receives a signal and infers its direction from its frequency spectrum, then it can transmit a new signal back to the same or other direction at the designer wish. To determine the direction of the coming signal, a 0.85-1.15GHz frequency scanning phased array antenna is used so that the received signal would have a distorted spectrum with the maximum amplitude frequency component linked to the direction of the signal. Based on the frequency scanning, the retrodirectivity system can be used for wireless power transfer or for reactive jamming. Special circuit is designed to receive the signal with strongest power and to isolate the frequency component with maximum amplitude. Phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit is used to link such frequency to specific phase shift that is introduced to the transmitter array antenna to send a new signal to the same direction of the received signal. ADS simulation is performed to demonstrate the performance of each block.
Physical Activity as an Integral Part of Overall Wellness in the College/Emerging-Adult Population

Physical Activity (PA), and conversely, inactivity, are related to overall health and wellness at all stages of life. The benefits of engaging in life-long PA are numerous and include benefits for overall individual physical, mental, and social health, but also benefits to overall community and population health. Individuals transitioning from their teenage years into their emerging adult/early adult years (18–24 years old) currently represent approximately 61% of the United States college student population. This group is at risk for declining PA levels throughout their college years, thus influencing the health habits they carry with them into adulthood. Colleges and Universities are uniquely positioned to help shape and reinforce adoption of overall health and wellness in the college student population. Working collaboratively with all campus stakeholders to decrease sedentary time and increase PA levels through integrative evidence-based interventions will lead to improved health outcomes for individual students and campus community health overall.
Evaluation of land consolidation projects with parcel shape and dispersion

Abstract Similar to many of the world's countries, Turkey has spent a large amount of money, time and effort on land consolidation (LC) work each year to provide the infrastructure required by agricultural lands, to minimize the problem of land fragmentation, to ensure the protection of agricultural lands, to increase agricultural production, to provide socioeconomic development in rural areas and to protect the rural landscape. However, not enough attention is given to the assessment of LC success. In this study, an approach is presented to assess the success of LC environmentally as measured by the number of parcels and parcel shape, which are important parameters related to LC project success. The EiCEN, EiLAP, and MBG_DoP indices were used to determine the dispersion of parcels owned by landowners. Minimum bounding geometry (i.e., the PAMPA, PPMBD and MBLW indices) was used for the analysis of parcel shape before and after LC. The indices proposed by this study are easily calculated parameters and can be important indicators in determining the success of a project after its termination.
Programmable soft electrothermal actuators based on free-form printing of the embedded heater

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the research in soft actuators that exhibit complex programmable deformations. Soft electrothermal actuators use electricity as the stimulus to generate heat, and the mismatch between the thermal expansions of the two structural layers causes the actuator to bend. Complex programmable deformations of soft electrothermal actuators are difficult due to the limitations of the conventional fabrication methods. In this article, we report a new approach to fabricate soft electrothermal actuators, in which the resistive heater of the electrothermal actuator is directly printed using electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. The direct patterning capabilities of EHD printing allow the free-form design of the heater. By changing the design of the heating pattern on the actuator, different heat distributions can be achieved and utilized to realize complex programmable deformations, including uniform bending, customized bending, folding, and twisting. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to validate the thermal distribution and deformation for different actuator designs. Lastly, several integrated demonstrations are presented, including complex structures obtained from folding, a two-degree-of-freedom soft robotic arm, and soft walkers.
Stress Classification and Personalization: Getting the most out of the least.

Stress detection and monitoring is an active area of research with important implications for the personal, professional, and social health of an individual. Current approaches for affective state classification use traditional machine learning algorithms with features computed from multiple sensor modalities. These methods are data-intensive and rely on hand-crafted features which impede the practical applicability of these sensor systems in daily lives. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based stress detection and classification framework without any feature computation using data from only one sensor modality. Our method is competitive and outperforms current state-of-the-art techniques and achieves a classification accuracy of $92.85\%$ and an $f1$ score of $0.89$. Through our leave-one-subject-out analysis, we also show the importance of personalizing stress models.
Patient survival following third time liver transplant in the United States in the MELD era.

BACKGROUND Third time liver transplantation is a technically demanding exercise with variable outcomes in single center series. There has been no national level description of survival following third time liver transplant in the US in the MELD era. METHODS Third time liver transplants between March 1, 2002 and January 1, 2018 in the UNOS dataset were analyzed. RESULTS Patient survival among the 240 third time liver transplant recipients in the study at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years (71.8%, 62.4%, 59.1%, 49.5%) was significantly worse compared to primary liver transplant (90.6%, 83.9%, 78.8%, 67.6%; p < 0.001) and retransplant (77.1%, 70.3%, 65.6%, 54.9%; p = 0.014). Recipients who were under 43 years old, not on dialysis, without diabetes, and over 1 month out from their second transplant had acceptable survival at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years (88.5%, 78.4%, 73.6%, 69.7%). CONCLUSIONS While redo-redo transplant remains a challenging endeavor, appropriate patient selection can yield acceptable results.
Removal of volatile organic compounds at extreme shock-loading using a scaled-up pilot rotating drum biofilter.

Abstract A pilot-scale rotating drum biofilter (RDB), which is a novel biofilter design that offers flexible flow-through configurations, was used to treat complex and variable volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, including shock loadings, emanating from paint drying operations at an Army ammunition plant. The RDB was seeded with municipal wastewater activated sludge. Removal efficiencies up to 86% and an elimination capacity of 5.3 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) m−3 · hr−1 were achieved at a filter-medium contact time of 60 sec. Efficiency increased at higher temperatures that promote higher biological activity, and decreased at lower pH, which dropped down to pH 5.5 possibly as a result of carbon dioxide and volatile fatty acid production and ammonia consumption during VOC degradation. In comparison, other studies have shown that a bench-scale RDB could achieve a removal efficiency of 95% and elimination capacity of 331 g COD m−3 · hr−1. Sustainable performance of the pilot-scale RDB was challenge...
Pepstatin Inhibition of Human Renin KINETIC STUDIES AND ESTIMATION OF ENZYME PURITY

Abstract Pepstatin has been shown to be an extremely potent inhibitor of human renin (Ki = 1.3 x 10-10 m). Kinetic analyses by several techniques show reversible interaction of pepstatin with renin and classical noncompetitive inhibition. The high affinity of pepstatin for renin allows kinetic determination of the molarity of the enzyme in partially purified preparations. This method has been validated by parallel studies of pepstatin inhibition of pure porcine pepsin. A widely used preparation of human renin has been shown to contain about 0.1% of the pure enzyme. The maximum theoretical specific activity of human renin has been calculated from this value at 118 Goldblatt units per mg of enzyme protein.
Celebration of the Past: Nutrition at USDA

The knowledge gained in the past 100 years about how nutrients in our foods can affect our health represents a great achievement. This knowledge was essential for the widespread improvements in human health, and the major advances in food production and economic development. USDA and State Experiment Stations were the first scientific organizations in the U.S. to establish a food and nutrition research program and make the results available to people. Human nutrition activities in USDA, initiated by W. O. Atwater in 1894, always have been linked with the nutritive value of foods, human nutritional requirements, the kinds and amounts of foods that Americans consume relative to their needs, and strategies for improving diets and the food supply. Despite recent progress, the science of nutrition is still relatively new, and our knowledge is far from complete. Application of new technologies can be expected to identify the basis for individual differences in nutritional requirements, describe nutrient interactions and define those food constituents needed for healthful diets. Consumers must be given sound research-based information about foods and nutrition, as demand in the market place ultimately determines the foods agriculture and industry produce.
Celtel International B.V.: June 2004 (A)

SUBJECT AREAS: Entrepreneurial finance, Entrepreneurship, IPO, Telecommunications CASE SETTINGS: Africa; Telecommunications industry; $1 billion revenues; 3,000 employees; 2004 Mo Ibrahim, chairman of Celtel International, the largest provider of cellular services in sub-Saharan Africa, must decide on his company's future. After an amazing six years that took it from minority positions in three countries to nearly $1 billion in revenues and 14 operations in 13 countries, the company has three options: to attempt an IPO, to find a merger partner, or to continue as an independent entity. Ibrahim must consider the company's track record, its current situation, and the implications of each option.
Communication Training Supporting an AAC User with Severe Intellectual Disability: Application of the Communication Partner Instruction Model

This investigation employed the Communication Partner Instruction (CPI) training model in a large North Carolina residential facility for persons with significant intellectual disabilities. A single-subject multiple baseline study design was employed by researchers. Four adult women (staff participants) were trained to support the expressive communicative abilities of one individual with severe intellectual disabilities (resident) who used AAC (a static book of approximately 100 symbols). Staff participants varied with respect to their daily contact and interaction with the resident. Two participants were staff trainers, one was a chaplain, and one was a teacher. Staff participants experienced demonstrable gains with two of three trained dependent variables: providing communication opportunities and modeling AAC system use. Results of training for a third variable, assuring AAC system access, were inconclusive. Training effects were not maintained post intervention. The resident, though not a focus of training efforts, initiated communication with her system more frequently with all staff participants after training. Findings provide preliminary support for CPI training as a means of teaching communication partners strategies to support AAC use; although, additional research is needed. Future directions for CPI training and study are proposed.
Structure and Function of Catalytic Antibodies

Originally published in: Catalytic Antibodies. Edited by Ehud Keinan. Copyright © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30688-6 The sections in this article are Introduction Electrostatic Complementarity Anionic Binding Motifs and Ester Hydrolysis Structural Motifs Mechanistic Considerations Mechanistic Pitfalls Structural and Functional Considerations for Hapten Design Anionic Binding Motifs and Control of the Microenvironment in Decarboxylation Anionic Binding Motifs and the Periodate Cofactor in Sulfide Oxygenation Cation Stabilization and Allylic Isomerization Shape Complementarity and Approximation Unimolecular Rearrangements Antibody 1F7 Antibody AZ-28 Bimolecular Rearrangements and the Diels-Alder Reaction Retro-Diels-Alder Reaction Disfavored exo Diels-Alder Reaction Endo Diels-Alder Reactions Shape Complementarity and Control of the Reaction Coordinate Syn-Elimination Disfavored Ring Closure Selective Control of a Reactive Carbocation: Antibodies 4C6 and 19A4 Shape Complementarity and Substrate Strain Reactive Amino Acids and the Possibility of Covalent Catalysis Conclusions Keywords: catalytic antibodies; structure and function; electrostatic complementarity; shape complementarity and approximation; control of the reaction coordinate; substrate strain; reactive amino acids and the possibility of covalent catalysis; new challenges
Blood stasis in the descending thoracic aorta and its relationship to cardiac functional parameters

Background Spin echo Axial T1 images are used to evaluate the great vessels and cardiac structures. In some patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) the sequence fails to null blood of the descending aorta (dAo) at the level of the main pulmonary artery (MPA). This may represent stasis of blood from the aorta and reflect a decreased LVEF, stroke volume (LVSV) and/or cardiac output (CO). This finding has not systematically been studied. We evaluated the relationship between opacification of the descending aorta and cardiac functional parameters. Methods 148 consecutive cardiac MR scans performed between 7/2010 and 9/2010 that included evaluation of left ventricular function were reviewed. The T1 axial images (SE-EPI TR750TE20Flip90) were evaluated for opacification of some or all of the dAo at the level of the MPA. This was also identified in either the slice above or below this level to be considered a positive finding. The values of LVEF, SV, and CO as determined by manual tracings and application of Simpson’s rule were obtained (ViewForum, Philips, Best, The Netherlands). Results Mean LVEF value for patients with no opacification was 60% while those with any amount of opacification had a mean LVEF of 36% (p < .0001). Specificity and sensitivity for LVEF < 55 was 97% and 32% respectively, for LVEF < 45 was 95% and 40% respectively, and for LVEF < 35 was 93% and 53% respectively. The mean SV value for patients with no opacification was 96 ml while those with any amount of opacification had a mean LVSV of 58 ml (p < .0001). Specificity and sensitivity for LVSV < 50 ml was 92% and 53% respectively. The mean CO value for patients with no opacification was 6.2 L/min while those with any amount of opacification had a mean CO of 4.5 L/min (p < .0001). Specificity and sensitivity for CO < 5.0 L/min was 96% and 38% respectively. Conclusions Opacification of the descending aorta at the level of the MPA is a specific but not sensitive finding for depressed LVEF and lower than normal LVSV and CO. When this finding is observed, further evaluation of a patient’s ejection fraction should be considered.
The exchange of cost information between asymmetrically informed firms

Abstract The exchange of information among firms is a common occurrence, often done through the auspices of a trade association. This paper seeks to gain some insights on the formation of trade associations as information gathering and exchange mechanisms. First, an explicit expense attributed to information exchange is included. As the expense of exchanging cost information increases fewer types of firms desire to reveal their private information. Second, a thorough characterization of the timing of information acquisition and release is made. It is shown that firms prefer to know their own cost information before agreeing to exchange this information. Finally, it is demonstrated that when information exchange is made contingent upon all firms agreeing to exchange, complete information exchange can occur even if there is a positive cost incurred by the firms in forming a trade association.
Requirement for properdin in hemolysis of human erythrocytes treated with tannic acid.

Summary1) The hemolysis of normal human erythrocytes exposed to appropriate dilutions of tannic acid by human serum, requires the properdin system, which consists of properdin, complement, and magnesium. 2) Similarities and differences are pointed out between the properties and mechanism of hemolysis of tannic-acid-treated cells and erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 3) While the hemolysis of TA cells is suitable for the assay of purified properdin it is not reliable for the quantitative measurement of properdin in serum.
Quantitative Assay of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activity As a Sensitive Marker of Cell Proliferation in Marine Teleost Larvae.

An evolutionarily conserved family of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) regulates cell cycle progression in eukaryotes. Mitosis-promoting factor (MPF) is a transiently activated Cdk required for mitosis. We propose use of partially purified MPF kinase activity as a sensitive marker of cell proliferation in marine teleost larvae and describe a quantitative spin-filter assay of suc1-precipitated MPF activity. MPF extracted from embryos and larvae of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, phosphorylated histone H1 protein and a Cdk-specific peptide substrate. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that apparent K m values of red drum MPF for adenosine triphosphate and the peptide substrate were 98.3 and 18.2 μM, respectively. A simple growth experiment showed that MPF activity was significantly greater in rapidly growing red drum larvae than in intermittently fed cohorts growing more slowly.
Increased T cells lacking immunoglobulin Fc receptors and increased spontaneous morphological blast transformation in a patient with phycomycosis

A 64-year-old diabetic man had phycomycotic infection withRhizopus and expired following surgical debridement. Extensive immunological evaluation revealed normal cellular and humoral immune responses including anin vivo response toRhizopus antigen following delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. Evidence for increasedin vivo lymphocyte activation consisted of increased spontaneous morphological blast transformation and increased T non-mu non-gamma cells. This work extends the previous findings of normal immunological responsiveness includingin vitro reactivity toRhizopus antigen in such patients.
Ocean lidar instrument and measurements

This paper describes an ocean lidar system and measurements. The lidar transmitters include a tunable visible laser and IR lasers. The tunable laser transmitter operates between 470 nm and 540 nm. The IR lasers operate at 904 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths. This lidar uses receivers that detect both elastic and in-elastic scattering signals from the atmosphere and water columns. For elastic scattering measurements, the receivers are photo-detectors that couple to multi-channel waveform digitizers. For in-elastic scattering measurements, this lidar uses two different receiver configurations. The first receiver configuration uses a line scan spectrometer that couples to a boxcar integrator. This receiver configuration collects laser-induced spectra as a function of laser transmitter wavelengths by scanning the spectrometer wavelengths during the lidar measurements. The second receiver configuration uses an imaging spectrometer to collect laser-induced spectra in spatial and spectral dimensions. During lidar measurement of the water columns, a PC controls the spectrometers, the waveform digitizer, and the boxcar integrator, using commercially available and custom designed computer interface circuits. This paper describes these lidar transmitters, lidar receivers and data acquisition hardware. The lidar measurements of the ocean water described in this paper use various platforms. These platforms include airborne, shipboard, shore-based and pier-based platforms. These lidar measurements include atmospheric, ocean surface and water column measurements. This paper describes the results of these measurements and the potential applications for marine and coastal environments.
Distribution of organic molecules within zeolites as revealed by aromatic photophysical probes: role of water and other coadsorbents

The distribution of organic guest molecules within NaY zeolites has been examined utilizing aromatic molecules as photophysical probes. The distribution of guests within zeolites has been shown to be nonuniform. Three parameters-guest occupancy, families of sites, and distribution of sites within a family-are defined, and the results are analyzed on their basis. Coadsorbed molecules such as water and organic solvents influence significantly the guest distribution within zeolites
Dispersal behavior, boldness, and the link to invasiveness: a comparison of four Gambusia species

Dispersal is a key element of a species' invasiveness. Although considerable work has addressed how dispersal influences the pattern of spatial spread of invading organisms, few studies investigate whether invasive species are in fact better dispersers than either the species they displace or less successful invaders. Recent work suggests that variation in dispersal may be due to variation in an underlying behavioral trait, boldness. Our study examined the link between dispersal, boldness, and invasiveness by comparing the dispersal characteristics and refuge use of two invasive Gambusia species to two congeners in experimental streams. The streams consisted of a series of pools (no flow) connected to a flowing channel. For each species, small groups of females were released at the middle pool, and their movement and activity were recorded over a 1-h period. We found invasive Gambusia to be more likely to disperse out of the introductory pool, to disperse sooner, to travel a greater distance in the artificial streams, and thus to exhibit greater dispersal tendencies than their close relatives. Among the invasives, Gambusia affinis had a greater dispersal tendency than G. holbrooki. We suspect this result indicates variation in the contribution of dispersal to the relative invasiveness of these species. Certain dispersal measures were correlated to time spent out of refuge, although invasive Gambusia and their relatives did not differ in the predicted manner. These results argue for the greater incorporation of experimental approaches and analyses of behavioral mechanisms in the study of invasive species.
Large‐scale Portfolio Assessments in the US: evidence pertaining to the quality of measurement

abstract Portfolio assessment, that is, the evaluation of performance by means of a cumulative collection of student work, has figured prominently in recent US debate about education reform. Proponents hope not only to broaden measurement of performance, but also to use portfolio assessment to encourage improved instruction. Although portfolio assessment has sparked considerable attention and enthusiasm, it has been incorporated into only a few of the nearly ubiquitous large‐scale external assessment programmes in the US. This paper evaluates the quality of the performance data produced by several large‐scale portfolio efforts. Evaluations of reliability, which have focused primarily on the consistency of scoring, have yielded highly variable results. While high levels of consistency have been reached in some cases, scoring has been quite inconsistent in others, to the point of severely limiting the utility of scores. Information about other aspects of validity is more limited and generally discouraging. ...
Development of a graded TiCN coating for cemented carbide cutting tools—a design approach

Abstract Cemented carbide cutting tools containing a high percentage of cobalt binder (9–13%) are used for rough machining applications involving interruptions, owing to their high fracture toughness. However, these tools are prone to deformation under such conditions. A design approach can be effectively used to develop a coating scheme which optimizes the critical properties of such coatings for improved tool life. In this paper, we discuss the design and development of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) TiCN/TiN multilayer coatings applied to a WC-12% Co tool substrate. The performance of the coated tool is compared with a conventional tool coated with a single, monolithic CVD TiN layer, and it is shown that a judicious combination of coating compositions can be tailored to meet the operating requirements. The interactive aspects of the wear resistance of the coating and deformation resistance of the coated tool during machining are highlighted in the turning tests on low alloy steel.
Long-delay taste aversion learning: Effects of repeated trials and two-bottle testing conditions

Animals injected 1 h following saccharin consumption displayed a significant decrease in saccharin intake on a subsequent one-bottle exposure. Animals poisoned 5 and 10 h following saccharin consumption failed to decrease subsequent intake. With repeated trials or with a two-bottle testing procedure, the subjects in the 5-h delay condition displayed a significant aversion to saccharin. These data suggest that a number of nontemporal factors, in this case the number of conditioning trials and the testing procedure, affect the temporal gradient within taste-aversion learning. Under no conditions did the 10-h delay groups display an aversion to saccharin, suggesting a real limit on the delay that can be imposed between taste exposure and the administration of the toxin and on the extent of taste memory within the aversion design.
Cationic Zirconium Complexes that Contain Mesityl-Substituted Diamido/Donor Ligands. Decomposition via CH Activation and Its Influence on 1-Hexene Polymerization

The dialkyl complexes [MesNMe]ZrMeNp (2b) and [MesNMe]ZrNp2 ([MesNMe]2- = [(MesNCH2CH2)2NMe]2-; Np = CH2CMe3) were prepared and shown to have distorted trigonal bipyramidal structures in which the two amido groups occupy equatorial positions. The neopentyl group in 2b was found in the axial position. Compound 2b was found to convert to another species (2a) in a first-order manner with k = 1.68 × 10-3 min-1 at 20 °C and to reach an equilibrium with Keq = [2a]/[2b] = 0.43 in C6D6. Activation of [MesNMe]ZrMeNp with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] led to formation of unobservable {[MesNMe]ZrNp}[B(C6F5)4], which decomposed by CH activation of an ortho mesityl methyl group to give an inactive dimer of {[activ-MesNMe]Zr}[B(C6F5)4], or in the presence of dimethylaniline by β methyl elimination to give {[MesNMe]ZrMe(PhNMe2)}[B(C6F5)4]. {[MesNMe]ZrMe}[B(C6F5)4] also decomposes to give the dimer of {[activ-MesNMe]Zr}[B(C6F5)4] with kd = 6.0 × 10-5 s-1 at 20 °C. A dimethyl complex was prepared that contained a second “internal amin...
A Hierarchy of Geometric Forms

This survey of the philosophy underlying the unified parametric polynomial formalism for geometric modling suggests some novel applications and assesses the problems and advantages of the approach.
Depression and anxiety in heart failure.

Abstract Background Although common among patients with heart failure, depression and anxiety have been relatively neglected by researchers and practitioners. Both depression and anxiety have been implicated in contributing independently to the poor outcomes seen in patients with heart failure. Emphasis in the literature is on physical symptom recognition and management, in contrast to the patient's perspective of the effects of heart failure on his or her daily life. Methods and Results This review summarizes and integrates research findings on anxiety and depression and translates these findings to clinical practice. Depression and anxiety are prevalent among patients with heart failure and require assessment and intervention. Short-term nonpharmacologic approaches, in conjunction with drug therapy, hold promise for successful management of patients who are depressed or anxious. Conclusion Carefully designed clinical trials that are tailored to individual needs, yet are embedded within a systemic framework, are needed to inform clinicians regarding optimal practices for the treatment of patients with heart failure who suffer from depression or anxiety.
Seasonal, cyclical and secular stability of Canadian aggregate demand for merchandise imports, 1957–1982

(1989). Seasonal, cyclical and secular stability of Canadian aggregate demand for merchandise imports, 1957–1982. Applied Economics: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 449-459.
Platelet 5-HT2 serotonin receptor binding sites in autistic children and their first-degree relatives

We examined platelet serotonin2 [5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2)] receptor binding sites, whole blood serotonin (5-HT), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) in male autistic children and their first-degree relatives. Saturation studies utilizing 125I-spiroperidol labeled the 5-HT2 sites with an affinity of 224.6 +/- 84.4 pmol/L (Kd). No group differences, i.e., autistic (n = 12), siblings (n = 6), parents (n = 22), control (adult; n = 7: child; n = 10), were seen for either the Kd or the total number of sites (Bmax: 14.3 +/- 10.9 fmol/mg protein). No correlations were found in any group between binding parameters (Kd or Bmax) and whole blood 5-HT. For the parental group, inverse correlations were found between NE and Bmax (standing NE, rs = -0.67, n = 21, p = 0.001; supine NE, rs = -0.49, n = 22, p = 0.021). In the autistic group, no correlation was seen between plasma NE and Bmax. A correlation between the autistic boys' Bmax and their fathers' Bmax was observed (rs = 0.79, n = 11, p = 0.004). These findings suggest (1) circulating NE may be involved in heterologous regulation of 5-HT2 receptors in the platelet and (2) genetic (paternal-filial) factors may play a role in the expression of 5-HT2 binding sites in the platelet. These preliminary findings are discussed in relation to heterologous receptor regulation. The relationships between these findings and either the pathophysiology of autism or hyperserotonemia in autism are unknown.
EFFECTS OF BREATHING OXYGEN ON ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION.

Abstract Hyperoxic breathing slows atrioventricular conduction in patients with already prolonged A-V conduction time and decreases the ventricular response to atrial fibrillation. As in normal man, hyperoxic breathing slows the heart rate of patients with sinus rhythm who are taking digitalis and/or who have varying degrees of atrioventricular block.
On aligning shapes

In this paper, we exploit some global shape properties in an efficient shape matching and retrieval method, which is robust with respect to rigid transformations (translation, rotation, scaling) and some deformations. The retrieval of similar shapes is obtained by normalizing the query shape and the database shapes using the area, the center of mass and the minimum bounding box. Then, an alignment is achieved by overlapping the shape areas. The retrieval of similar shapes is based on a similarity measure defined by the symmetric difference. The experimental results validate the proposed approach.
Individual differences in the vibrotactile perception of a simple pattern set

Discriminative capacities for vibrotactile spatiotemporal patterns were examined in 62 college students with three tasks: identification, masking, and discrimination of the letters “X” and “O” presented tactually on the Optacon, a reading machine for blind persons. Individual differences in performance and interrelations among scores within and across paradigms were explored. In identification, most persons quickly achieved consistently better than 90% performance, but others failed to identify the patterns above 80%, even after prolonged training. The same performance variance was found when the task was repeated by 23 Naval student pilots. Masking and discrimination measured susceptibility to interference when patterns followed one another closely in time. The resulting functions were typical, with poorest performance at short stimulus onset asynchronies. Again, a wide range of performance was seen. Individual performance, however, appeared to be consistent across tasks, suggesting that abilities in a variety of pattern-perception tasks might be predictable.
Towards a more effective way of teaching a cybersecurity basics course

The Cybersecurity Basics course is an interdisciplinary course for the Criminology, Management Information Systems and Computer Science students at IUP. The course introduces computer security by focusing on host security. This paper describes laboratory exercises developed as part of a project to augment and improve on the teaching of the Cybersecurity Basics course. Nine Linux-based laboratory exercises were developed. A poster paper, based on the developed laboratory exercises was presented at the SIGSCE Symposium [5]. The developed lab exercises are being pilot tested in the Cybersecurity Basics course at IUP.