cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Obesity in California Women

Food insecurity, the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, may be associated with disordered eating and a poor diet, potentially increasing risk for obesity and health problems. Patterns of food insecurity in California women are described and relationships between food insecurity and obesity (body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2)) are evaluated using data from the 1998 and 1999 California Women's Health Survey. A total of 8169 women aged > or = 18 y were randomly selected and interviewed by telephone. Food insecurity was evaluated by use of four questions adapted from the U.S. Household Food Security Module. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between food insecurity and obesity, controlling for income, race/ethnicity, education, country of birth, general health status and walking. Food insecurity without hunger affected 13.9% of the population and food insecurity with hunger, 4.3%. Almost one fifth (18.8%) of the population was obese. Obesity was more prevalent in food insecure (31.0%) than in food secure women (16.2%). Food insecurity without hunger was associated with increased risk of obesity in whites [odds ratio (OR) = 1.36] and others (OR = 1.47). Food insecurity with hunger was associated with increased risk of obesity for Asians, Blacks and Hispanics (OR = 2.81) but not for non-Hispanic Whites (OR = 0.82). Food insecurity is associated with increased likelihood of obesity and risk is greatest in nonwhites.
Wisps and knots in the central Crab nebula

The fast-spinning Crab pulsar (∼30 turn s−1), which powers the massive expansion and synchrotron emission of the entire Crab nebula, is surrounded by quasi-stationary features such as fibrous arc-like wisps and bright polar knots in the radial range of 2×1016≲r≲2×1017 cm, as revealed by high-resolution (∼0.1 arcsec) images from the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The spin-down energy flux (∼5×1038 erg s−1) from the pulsar to the luminous outer nebula, which occupies the radial range 0.1≲r≲2 pc, is generally believed to be transported by a magnetized relativistic outflow of an electron–positron e± pair plasma. It is then puzzling that mysterious structures like wisps and knots, although intrinsically dynamic in synchrotron emission, remain quasi-stationary on time-scales of a few days to a week in the relativistic pulsar wind. Here we demonstrate that, as a result of slightly inhomogeneous wind streams emanating from the rotating pulsar, fast magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shock waves are expected to appear in the pulsar wind at relevant radial distances in the forms of wisps and knots. While forward fast MHD shocks move outward with a speed close to the speed of light c, reverse fast MHD shocks may appear quasi-stationary in space under appropriate conditions. In addition, Alfvenic fluctuations in the shocked magnetized pulsar wind can effectively scatter synchrotron beams from gyrating relativistic electrons and positrons.
High-resolution arteriography of the major peripheral vessels.

In experimental studies using a 0.1 mm focal spot tube, rare-earth screens, Cronex 4 film and diluted contrast agent (120 mgI/ml), 6 × magnification showed detail in the walls of major arteries that could not be identified with standard radiography or 3 × magnification. The method is applicable to studies of arteriosclerotic changes in the wall of the femoral artery in patients.
Phase Equilibria in the System BaTiO3—CaTiO3

The system BaTiO3–SiO2 is characterized by two congruently melting compounds and a compound having a subsolidus stability maximum. A barium analogue of the mineral sphene, BaTiSiO5, was shown to melt congruently at 1400°C, and BaTiSi2O7 melted congruently at 1250°C. The gem mineral benitoite (BaTiSi3O9) was synthesized hydrothermally and was shown to decompose below the solidus to form BaTi-So2O7 and SiO2 when heated above 965°C, hydrothermally or above 1050°C, dry. Three eutectics in the system were determined: at 1245°C. and 70 mole % SiO2, at 1246°C. and 63% SiO2, and at 1260°C. and about 29% SiO2. Glasses with high refractive indices were obtained over a limited range of compositions. The cubic-hexagonal transition temperature in barium titanate was raised sharply by small additions of silica. The maximum inversion temperature observed was 1575°C. and must have been due to limited solid solution of SiO2 in BaTiO3. Summary Three intermediate compounds have been shown to exist in the system BaTiO3-SiO2. The barium analogue of sphene, BaTiSiO5, melts congruently at 1400°C, and BaTiSi2O7 melts congruently at 1250°C. The compound BaTiSi3O9 (benitoite) was found to dissociate to form BaTiSi2O7 and SiO2 at 1050°C, under dry conditions and at 965°C, hydro-thermally. This important gem mineral was synthesized from completely melted and quenched stoichiometric mixtures treated hydrothermally below 965°C, and at a water pressure of 5000 lb, per sq. in. There are three simple eutectics in the system: one between BaTiSi2O7 and SiO2 at 1245°C, and 70 mole % SiO2; one between BaTiSi2O7 and BaTiSiO5 at 1246°C, and 63% SiO2; and one between BaTiSiO5 and BaTiO3 at 1260°C, and about 29% SiO2. It was fairly easy to obtain glasses having refractive indices between 1.70 and 1.88 over a composition range of 50 to 75% Silica. The data pertaining to the cubic-hexagonal transition in barium titanate were best explained on the basis of limited solid solution. As a result of the solid solution, the cubic-hexagonal transition temperature is raised sharply from 1460°C. for the pure barium titanate to about 1575°C. by small additions of silica. The limits of solid solubility are approximately 8 and 4% SiO2 for the cubic and hexagonal forms, respectively.
A Real Options Model for Generalized Meta-Staged Projects---Valuing the Migration to SOA

This paper develops an innovative real options RO model for valuing multistage information technology IT projects that can be viewed as comprising meta stages. In RO literature, multistage investment programs have been treated as either interproject or intraproject programs, with intraproject programs being evaluated using n-fold Geske compound options and interproject programs valued using the so-called “subsidy-to-exercise price” logic. Our innovative RO model integrates the Geske compound option model with the subsidy-to-exercise price approach to value sequential investment programs that are neither purely interproject nor purely intraproject in nature but are composed of meta-stages. A meta-stage as a whole can be considered an interproject stage resulting in cash flows, but internally it consists of several intraproject stages that do not result in cash flows. We show that a key problem in IT, which is migrating to a Service-Oriented Architecture SOA for integrating a firm's many disparate applications, systems, data, and business processes, is best viewed as an investment program comprising meta-stages. Examining SOA migration from an RO lens is particularly apt at this time not only because of the importance of SOA but also because doubts have surfaced about the value of SOA. We illustrate our RO model by applying it to the simulated case of a firm migrating to SOA. We also develop a software tool based on the MathematicaTM computational platform so that practitioners can easily apply our innovative options pricing model to determine the true value of SOA in their business contexts.
Problems with the DSM-IV Diagnosis of Pedophilia

This paper examines the taxonomic adequacy of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th ed., DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnostic category of pedophilia. This diagnosis, as well as the other sexual disorders, have been ignored in DSM field trials. There is no empirical information about the reliability or validity of this diagnosis. Moreover, because the vagueness of the diagnostic criteria, clinicians would need to make inferences that would likely lead to reliability problems in diagnosis. Further, the DSM diagnostic criteria include constructs that are not intersubjectively verifiable and for which there are no valid measures. This can also lead to lack of diagnostic reliability and accuracy. Most problematical however, there are aspects of the diagnostic criteria, most notably the presence of an "ego dystonic sexual attraction to children," that are incorrect exclusion criteria. Suggestions for improvement are provided.
Analytical Solutions for Stability of Slurry Trench

Coulomb-type force equilibrium analyses are presented for general two- and three-dimensional stability of a slurry-supported trench. Analytical solutions are derived for the factor of safety and critical failure plane angle in each case for drained effective stress and undrained total stress conditions. The solutions can accommodate variable trench depth, trench length, slurry depth, groundwater table elevation, surcharge loading, tension crack depth, and level of fluid in the tension cracks. Drained analyses can account for c82f8 soil strength and the effect of soil suctions above the groundwater table using the total cohesion method. Undrained analyses can account for undrained shear strength that varies linearly with depth. The solutions reduce to previously published expressions for simplified cases. An example problem is provided to illustrate variations of the factor of safety and critical failure plane angle with the length of a three- dimensional slurry trench. Finally, the method shows excellent agreement with the results of a full-scale field experiment of the failure of a diaphragm wall slurry trench constructed in silty sand.
Synthesis of 3,7‐dimethyl‐9‐(4′‐(3H‐diazirinyl)‐2′,6′‐dimethylphenyl)‐2E, 4E, 6E, 8E‐nonatetraenal‐1‐3H, A photoaffinity labeling analogue of all‐trans‐retinal

The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of the title compound as well as its precursors are described.
An integrated approach to shared synchronous groupware workspaces

A unified framework for multimedia shared workspaces and their associated floor control that treats both audio and video components uniformly is presented. To this end, a classification scheme is presented which groups the shared workspaces based on multiple orthogonal criteria. For visual displays, this includes the group-orientation of the applications, the organization of the display, and the contiguity relationships among display images. The same classification criteria are applied to the audio component, which considers the group-orientation of the audio channel, the organization of the speaker systems, and the contiguity relationships among the audible ranges of the speakers. The classification also covers the floor control concepts and design approaches. The classification is applied to a known groupware system, MERMAID, as a case study. >
THE ROLE OF LOGISTICS IN MARKET ORIENTATION

In today's increasingly competitive environment, survival depends on two key aspects of being market-oriented - understanding the external environment and executing decisions based on that understanding. Logistics personnel are uniquely positioned to play a key role in creating and maintaining a market-oriented organization as they are progressively gaining more responsibilities in integrating cross-functional processes and implementing supply chain strategies. This paper explores how logisticians participate in market orientation behaviors and how a market-oriented logistics function impacts logistics and business performance. Based on a qualitative field research study involving in-depth interviews with seventeen logistics personnel that draws and builds upon the logistics, market orientation, knowledge management, organizational behavior, information processing, and strategic management literatures, a theoretical model of logistics market orientation and its effect on logistics and business performance is developed and propositions are presented. Findings highlight logistics' central role in generating, disseminating, reaching a shared interpretation of, and responding to market intelligence.
Observations on interspecific compatibility and meiotic chromosome behavior of Capsicum buforum and C. lanceolatum

The wild species, Capsicum buforum Hunz. and C. lanceolatum(Greenm. ex J.D. Sm.) Morton and Standl. were hybridized to nine different Capsicum species to understand their taxonomic and genetic relationships. With C. buforum as the male parent, the compatibility to the nine species varied from species to species and ranged from producing under-developed embryo, seed coat, seedless fruit, to no fruit set. When C. buforum was the female parent, it was incompatible (no fruit set) to the nine Capsicum species tested. When C. lanceolatum was the female parent, the hybridizations to the other species ranged from aborted embryo, seed coat, seedless fruit or no fruit. As a pollen parent, C. lanceolatum was incompatible (no fruit set) to the species investigated. In pollen mother cells (PMCs) of C. buforum, 24 chromosomes (n = 12) paired as 12 bivalents with chromosome lagging at meiotic anaphase-I. Twenty-six chromosomes (n = 13) were detected in PMCs of C. lanceolatum. In C. lanceolatum most chromosomes paired as bivalents, but one quadrivalent was observed in some cells. C. buforum was found to be self-incompatible, while C. lanceolatum was self-compatible.
MeCP2: the chromatin connection and beyond.

Of the recently discovered group of proteins that interpret DNA methylation signals by preferentially associating with methylated CpG dinucleotides, the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) has att...
NONVOLATILE ACIDS IN LYCHEE

The nonvolatile acids were extracted from lychee, separated by TLC and identified as levulinic, malic and citric. GLC of the methyl esters of the acids confirmed the presence of levulinic, malic and citric acids and revealed traces of lactic, malonic, fumaric and succinic acids. GLC of the TMS derivatives of the acids confirmed the presence of succinic, malic, levulinic and citric acids and revealed the presence of phosphoric and glutaric. Quantitative analysis by GLC showed that malic was the most abundant acid in lychee; other acids occurred in much lower quantities.
Vertical wind velocities from superpressure balloons - A case study using Eole data

A method for determining vertical wind velocities using the pressure- and temperature-change data from superpressure (constant-density) balloons was proposed in an earlier paper (1975). In this paper, we present a case study using actual balloon data to test the method. Data from the Eole balloon experiment were used to estimate the sign of vertical wind velocities, as well as the horizontal velocity field, near 200 mb over Australia. The resulting patterns of vertical velocity compare favorably with satellite pictures and with current models of flow near jet-stream maxima. Additionally, this study provides evidence that areas of vertical motion in the troposphere extend upward into the lower stratosphere without changing sign.
Localization of bilirubin in phospholipid bilayers by parallax analysis of fluorescence quenching.

It has been proposed that the neurotoxicity ob- served in severely jaundiced infants results from the binding of unconjugated bilirubin to nerve cell membranes. However, despite potentially important clinical ramifications, there re- mains significant controversy regarding the physical nature of bilirubin-membrane interactions. We used the technique of par- allax analysis of fluorescence quenching (Chattopadhyay, A., and E. London. 1987. Biochemistry. 26: 39-45) to measure the depth of penetration of bilirubin in model phospholipid bilay- ers. The localization of unconjugated bilirubin and ditauro- bilirubin within small unilamellar vesicles composed of diole- oylphosphatidylcholine was determined through an analysis of the quenching of bilirubin fluorescence by spin-labeled phospholipids, and by bilirubin-mediated quenching of a series of anthroyloxy fatty acid probes at various depths within the membrane bilayer. Findings were further verified with potas- sium iodide as an aqueous quencher. Our results indicate that, at pH 10, unconjugated bilirubin localizes approximately 20 A from the bilayer center, in the region of the polar head groups. Further analyses suggest a modest influence of pH, membrane cholesterol content, and vesicle diameter on the bi- lirubin penetration depth. Taken together, these data support that, under physiologic conditions, bilirubin localizes to the po- lar region of phospholipid bilayers, near the membrane-water interface. —Zucker, S. D., W. Goessling, E. J. Bootle, and C. Sterritt. Localization of bilirubin in phospholipid bilayers by parallax analysis of fluorescence quenching. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 1377-1388.
Federalism, Freedom, and the Founders' View of Retained Rights

In A Textual-Historical Theory of the Ninth Amendment, 60 Stanford Law Review (forthcoming 2008), I explain how some of the most common theories of the Ninth Amendment either have nothing to do with the actual text of the Amendment or place the text in conflict with similar terms in the Tenth Amendment. Focusing on the actual words of the Amendment, I argue that the text of the Ninth point towards a federalist rule of construction in which the people's retained rights are necessarily left to the control of the collective people in the several states. I also explain how this reading fits with the available historical evidence and reconciles the people of the Ninth with the people of the Tenth Amendment. At the invitation of the Stanford Law Review, Ninth Amendment scholar Professor Randy Barnett has now written a response to this piece. In his essay, Kurt Lash's Majoritarian Difficulty, Professor Barnett characterizes my approach to the Ninth Amendment as majoritarian and argues that the Ninth was intended to reflect the distinctly antimajoritarian views of Madison and the First Congress. Instead of protecting the collective rights of the people in the states, Barnett maintains that Ninth Amendment protects only individual rights and cites as critical support the opposition views of the antifederalist Virginia Senate and the majority opinion in Chisholm v. Georgia. In this brief reply essay, I clarify the distinction between individual, majoritarian and collective rights and explain how all were likely among the rights retained by the people under the Ninth Amendment. This federalist (as opposed to majoritarian) reading of the Ninth Amendment was expressly embraced by participants in the drafting and ratification of the Ninth Amendment, in particular James Madison, the drafter of the Amendment. In a major speech which he delivered while the Ninth Amendment remained pending in the states (a speech which Barnett does not mention), Madison explained how the Ninth Amendment was drafted in response to concerns emanating from the state ratifying conventions and that both the Ninth and Tenth Amendments were intended to preserve the retained powers and rights of the people in the states. Although the Chisholm majority presented a distinctly non-federalist vision of the people, had this been the common reading of the Ninth and Tenth in 1791, this would have ensured the defeat of the Bill of Rights - an outcome Virginia antifederalists desperately but unsuccessfully sought to achieve.
Some Perspectives on Recent School Finance Litigation

Over the past forty years, the highest court of virtually every State has confronted the same fundamental question - is our State’s school finance system constitutional? The history of school finance litigation consists of three waves. During the first wave, which lasted from the late 1960s until the Supreme Court's decision in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, the plaintiffs relied on the federal Equal Protection Clause. Essentially, the plaintiffs asserted that all children were entitled to have the same amount of money spent on their education and/or that children were entitled to equal educational opportunities (“equity suit”). The second wave, which lasted from the New Jersey Supreme Court's decision in Robinson v. Cahill until early 1989, continued to pursue the equity theory, but focused on Equality Guarantee Clauses of the State Constitutions. In contrast, the third wave, which began with the Montana, Kentucky, and Texas decisions in 1989 and continues to the present, involves the adequacy theory of school finance litigation. Under the adequacy theory, the plaintiffs, relying on the State Constitutions’ Education Clauses argue that the finance system is unconstitutional because some schools lack the money to meet minimum standards of quality. Given the volume of cases, one would expect that the courts would eventually develop a coherent doctrine to decide school finance litigation. Yet, despite substantial academic commentary, courts continue to struggle with issues concerning justiciability and the appropriate constitutional standard. Recent decisions illustrate the point. For example, in Florida, a state trial court determined whether broad amorphous claims were justiciable. In South Carolina, a trial court addressed the merits following remand from the State’s highest Court. In Colorado, the State Supreme Court issued an opinion that resolved justiciability while also establishing a constitutional standard for the trial court and giving significant guidance on both merits and remedial issues.The purpose of this article is to review and comment on these recent cases.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 2015: A Year in Review

This may be the most exciting time ever for the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). After decades of progress, it has matured, integrated, and diversified into entirely new areas, and it is starting to make the pivotal shift toward translation. The most exciting science and applications continue to emerge at the boundaries of disciplines, through increasingly effective interactions between stem cell biologists, bioengineers, clinicians, and the commercial sector. In this "Year in Review," we highlight some of the major advances reported over the last year (Summer 2014-Fall 2015). Using a methodology similar to that established in previous years, we identified four areas that generated major progress in the field: (i) pluripotent stem cells, (ii) microtissue platforms for drug testing and disease modeling, (iii) tissue models of cancer, and (iv) whole organ engineering. For each area, we used some of the most impactful articles to illustrate the important concepts and results that advanced the state of the art of TERM. We conclude with reflections on emerging areas and perspectives for future development in the field.
Privacy as a Human Right: What We Have No Business Knowing

In this brief paper I argue that privacy is morally valuable and that there is no general right to access information.
Abstract 2039: Human Stn1 protects telomere integrity by promoting efficient lagging strand synthesis at telomeres

Telomeres, the chromosomal termini, are critical for maintaining genome stability. The length of telomere is regulated by multiple genes including telomere-specific shelterin proteins and telomere non-specific proteins such as DNA replication proteins. Stn1, a component of the newly identified Ctc1/Stn1/Ten1 complex, is also known as (DNA polymerase) α-accessory factor AAF44 and plays an unclear role in telomere maintenance. In our studies, Stn1 depletion causes elongated G-overhang and persistent ssDNA at G-rich strand in both telomerase-positive and negative cells. Furthermore, Stn1 depletion shows an increase of fragile telomeres in strands replicated by lagging strand synthesis, implicating that Stn1 is important in efficient replication of lagging strand telomeres. Consistently, BrdU incorporation into lagging telomeres is reduced when Stn1 is depleted. In addition, Stn1 depletion leads to rapid telomere shortening. Examination of the cell cycle-regulated G-overhang dynamics showed that deficiency of hStn1 delays and compromises C-strand synthesis that occurs in the late S/G2 phase, leading to persistent lengthening of G-overhangs at lagging daughter telomeres. We also found that Stn1 interacts with Polα throughout the cycle. ChIP experiments showed that Stn1 depletion results in increased and prolonged Polα association with telomeres, but does not affect the association of Pot1 with telomeres. Our data indicate a key role of Stn1 in telomere replication and maintenance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2039. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2039
Regeneration of Ammonia-Borane Complex for Hydrogen Storage

At the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a research program is underway for developing a high-density hydrogen storage system based on amine-borane (AB) complexes. Due to their high hydrogen capacity, these hydrides have been employed, in the past, as disposable hydrogen sources for fuel cell applications. However, to meet the requirements for hydrogen storage onboard vehicles, it is essential that cost effective and energy efficient methods for the regeneration (i.e. hydrogenation) of the spent (dehydrogenated) AB complexes can be found that utilize only hydrogen and/or electricity (i.e. the only plausible hydrogen economy energy carriers). We are studying two ammoniaborane (NH3BH3)-based systems with high hydrogen storage capacity. The first system employs a borazine-cyclotriborazane cycle. Borazine is a product of NH3BH3 thermolysis. Cyclotriborazane is the inorganic analog of cyclohexane. The second system employs polymeric AB complexes such as poly-(aminoborane) and polyborazylene. Poly-(aminoborane), an inorganic analog of polyethylene, is also a product of amoniaborane thermolysis whilepolyborazylene is the product of borazine thermolysis. For the two systems above, we are developing regeneration (i.e. reduction of borazine, poly-(aminoborane) and polyborazylene) schemes based on: 1) catalytic hydrogenation and 2) indirect (multi-step) synthesis techniques.
Laser Probing of the Dynamics of Ga Interactions on Si(lO0)

The kinetics of desorption and scattering of Ga atoms on Si(100) surfaces are probed by laser-induced fluorescence detection of the gas phase species and by Auger analysis of the surface composition. The kinetic parameters are correlated with the structures deduced by LEED and the coverages determined by Auger spectroscopy. The binding energy of Ga on Si(100) is found to be a function of coverage, starting out at 2.9 eV at low coverages and decreasing to 2.3 eV for coverages between 0.5 and 1 monolayer (ML). Ordered growth is always observed for coverages below 1 ML, but above one monolayer the growth of islands occurs on the wellordered monolayer. The onset of island formation is a strong function of temperature. A model is proposed for the structures and energetics involved in the growth of Ga on Si(100). The results are discussed in terms of the implications for epitaxial growth of GaAs on Si.
An Angular Overlap Model for Cu(II) Ion in the AMOEBA Polarizable Force Field

An extensible polarizable force field for transition-metal ions was developed based on AMOEBA and the angular overlap model (AOM) with consistent treatment of electrostatics for all atoms. Parameters were obtained by fitting molecular mechanics (MM) energies to various ab initio gas-phase calculations. The results of parametrization were presented for copper(II) ion ligated to water and model fragments of amino acid residues involved in the copper binding sites of type 1 copper proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on aqueous copper(II) ion at various temperatures as well as plastocyanin (1AG6) and azurin (1DYZ). Results demonstrated that the AMOEBA-AOM significantly improves the accuracy of classical MM in a number of test cases when compared to ab initio calculations. The Jahn–Teller distortion for hexa-aqua copper(II) complex was handled automatically without specifically designating axial and in-plane ligands. Analyses of MD trajectories resulted in a six-coordination first solv...
The reductive metabolism of metronidazole and ronidazole by aerobic liver microsomes

Rat hepatic microsomal incubations supplemented with NADPH reduce metronidazole to its nitro anion radical. Under aerobic conditions, oxygen reacts with the anion radical to produce superoxide and to regenerate metronidazole. Superoxide production was followed by spin-trapping with DMPO, by the adrenochrome assay, and by the stimulation of oxygen consumption. Under anaerobic conditions, the anion radical is thought to be further reduced to a toxic intermediate. This metabolic cycle explains the reductive activation of metronidazole, and provides an explanation for the selective toxicity of metronidazole toward anaerobic infections and hypoxic tumor cells. Ronidazole follows the same metabolic pathway, so it is likely that all 5-nitroimidazoles will have an aerobic futile metabolism.
Accident Investigation on a Fire caused by one Child's Playing with Fire

In the statistics of fire accidents,the number of incidence of those caused by children's playing with fire is very large every year.Because of being young and ignorant and lacking social experience,Children do not understand the danger of fire and do not know the safe use of fire.Their curiosity and naughty often make a small fire into a conflagration,and causes inevitable tragedies.On an investigation on a fire caused by children's playing with fire,this paper discusses the determination of reasons for children playing with fire,thus warning people to attach great importance to education of children to prevent fire and disaster.
The influence of surface potential and pH on the release fo sodium from Na2O.3SiO2 glass

On presente de nouveaux resultats de mesure de la vitesse d'extraction des ions sodium d'un verre Na 2 O-3SiO 2 dans l'eau desionisee et dans une solution saturee de NaCl avec un pH entre 2 et 10. On a trouve que la vitesse d'extraction du sodium varie fortement dans le domaine de pH allant de 2 a 6, contrairement a des resultats publies anterieurement. Les resultats sont expliques qualitativement par un modele simple reliant la vitesse d'extraction du sodium au pH effectif de la surface du verre qui est une fonction du potentiel electrique a l'interface verre/eau
Waveguiding in MEMS Compatible 3-D, Silicon Photonic Lattices

Photonic Lattices can be thought of as the photonic analogue of semiconductors in that there exists a band of photon energies forbidden to exist within the structure. 3-D lattices are complex, however, we have been able to fabricate them using processes compatible with both CMOS and MEMS. Since light is confined in all three dimensions in these structures it has been theoretically predicted that light can be guided through such structures with high efficiency. Waveguiding in these structures has now also been experimentally demonstrated. There are also many other potential applications of these structures.
Insights into Zika Virus History, Human Health Effects, and Control Measures

Zika virus is named for the Zika Forest in Uganda and was first discovered in 1947 in primates. The first human cases of Zika virus infection were detected in 1952. From about 1960–1980, human infections occurred across Asia and Africa, although infections were typically mild with limited symptoms. The first major human outbreak occurred in Micronesia in 2007. Zika was linked to a neurological disorder (Guillain-Barre syndrome, or GBS) during a 2013–2014 outbreak in French Polynesia. In May 2015, the first human cases were reported in Brazil and a link to GBS was also reported. Other symptoms of Zika infection include rash, fever, conjunctivitis and joint pain. Only approximately 20% of infected individuals experience clinical symptoms (http://www.cdc.gov/zika/symptoms/symptoms.html). Brazil reported an association between Zika viral infections and microcephaly in October 2015. Microcephaly is a disorder in which the head of a newborn child is disproportionally small relative to the body. It may result from a variety of chromosomal and environmental causes, including drug, alcohol, or radiation exposure and prenatal infections (rubella, herpes simplex, and likely Zika virus) (Merck Manual, 2016). As of August 3, 2016, evidence of mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission has been reported in 68 countries and territories and 14 countries or territories have reported microcephaly and other central nervous system (CNS) malformations associated with Zika virus.
656. Effects of STAT3 Inhibition on the Innate Immune Response to OV Therapy

Objective. Our lab has established that an alteration in STAT3 signaling affects the replicative ability of oncolytic virus (OV) (Okemoto 2013). However, STAT3 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for treating several cancers, including glioblastoma (NCT01904123). One STAT3 inhibitor, WP1066, has been shown to modulate the immune response to tumors (Hussein 2007). The innate immune response to OV is known to limit its therapeutic efficacy (Meisen 2015, Han 2015) This study examines the effects of STAT3 inhibition on the innate immune response to OV therapy. Methods. In vitro, we examined the effect of STAT3 inhibition on immune cell response to OV-infected glioma. We evaluated changes in migration of immune cells towards OV-infected tumor cells, using a modified Boyden chamber. Macrophages or microglia +/- STAT3 inhibitor pretreatment were seeded on the upper chamber, and tumor cells +/- OV infection were plated on the lower chamber, acting as a migration stimulus. Migration was quantified after 6 hours. To evaluate the effect of STAT3 inhibition on the direct immune cell response to OV-infected GBM cells, we utilized a co-culture. Herein, we infected tumor cells with OV, and then overlaid them with immune cells +/- drug pretreatment. Virus replication was visualized through fluorescent imaging, and quantified via plaque assay. We utilized murine models of glioblastoma (GBM) to evaluate the effect of combining STAT3 inhibitors with OV therapy. Female nude mice were implanted intracranially or subcutaneously with human GBM cells, and then treated with PBS, pharmacologic STAT3 inhibitor, luciferase-expressing OV, or combination. Using bioluminescent in vivo live imaging, we monitored viral replication by measuring luciferase activity. We also monitored mice for survival. Results. Pharmacologic inhibition of STAT3 signaling in macrophage and microglial cell lines (RAW264.7 and BV2) reduced their migration towards OV-infected glioma cells. Furthermore, pre-treating immune cells with STAT3 inhibitor reduced their reactivity to OV-infected glioma cells, permitting increased replication. In vivo, combination therapy with STAT3 inhibitor and OV resulted in a significant increase in viral replication. Survival studies are ongoing. Conclusions. We hypothesize STAT3 inhibitors may alter the immune response to oncolytic virus, permitting increased viral replication and prolonged survival in vivo. Further research into this area may prove useful in developing new treatments to be used in combination with OV for treatment of GBM.
Decay of Si 26

A (2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)-sec activity was observed when vacuum distilled magnesium was bombarded with 8-Mev ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ ions. Half-life studies using NaI(Tl) scintillation counters yielded evidence that this activity was due to the decay of a positron emitting isotope with a maximum kinetic energy greater than 3.5 Mev. The features of gamma-ray spectrum with the exception of a weak line at 824\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15 kev could be understood in terms the decay characteristics of known radioisotopes. An internally consistent argument based on the known decay characteristics of reaction products that may be expected from energy considerations, the results of half-life studies, experimental gamma spectra, and nuclear systematics can be made to support the conclusion that the (2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)-sec half-life is that of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{26}$ produced in the reaction ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}({\mathrm{He}}^{3}, n){\mathrm{Si}}^{26}$, and a consistent decay scheme can be proposed. The ground state of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{26}$(0+) decays by the emission of two positron groups to excited states of ${\mathrm{Al}}^{26}$. The most intense transition, ${E}_{0}=3.76$ Mev, is to the 0.228-Mev state (0+) of ${\mathrm{Al}}^{26}$. The second transition, ${E}_{0}=2.94$ Mev, is to the 1.05-Mev state (1+) of ${\mathrm{Al}}^{26}$. The 1.05-Mev and 0.228-Mev states are then connected by a (824\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15)-kev gamma transition. The energies of the positron transitions are derived from the known levels of ${\mathrm{Al}}^{26}$ and the ${\mathrm{Si}}^{26}$-${\mathrm{Al}}^{26}$ mass difference.
An exploratory analysis of the R250W polymorphism in the KLK2 gene as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer

PR-7 Background: A strong association of KLK2 gene expression with prostate cancer risk has been previously reported. KLK2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 5 (rs198977; c.748C>T) results in R250W in the hKLK2 protein product. The Trp (W) allele has been shown to be enzymatically inactive and also associated with the development of prostate cancer (OR: 2.13). We hypothesize that presence of the Trp allele (CT/TT genotypes) in prostate cancer cases will result in shorter survival periods. Methods: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients after obtaining informed consent. The rs 198977 SNP was genotyped using a homogeneous nucleobase quenching assay. CT and TT genotypes were grouped together for data analysis. Clinico-pathological data was collected from medical records. Biochemical recurrence free survival (bRFS) in patients experiencing a rising PSA after primary prostate therapy was calculated in months from time of first diagnosis to PSA failure. Results: One hundred and eighty two prostate cancer patients were genotyped (98% European ancestry). The overall distribution of the CC, CT and TT genotype was 48%, 44% and 8% respectively. Gleason score (GS) morphology was available on 169 of 182 patients. The distribution of high (8-10), moderate (5-7) and low GS (2-4) among the CC and CT/TT genotype groups was 14/82 (17%); 61 (74%) and 7 (9%) compared to 22/87 (25%); 64 (74%) and 1 (1%) respectively (significant p-value=0.03 only for low GS distribution). After a study mean follow up period of 85.4 months (SD: 69 months) 87/182 patients have experienced PSA relapse. The mean bRFS for high GS (8-10) group is 28.7 months (SD: 22.8 months) compared to 47.4 months (SD: 40 months) for moderate/low GS (≤7) (p-value= 0.01 two-sample t-test). The mean bRFS for patients with a CT/TT genotype was 39.6 months (SD: 38 months) compared to 58.1 months (SD: 49 months) for the CC group (p-value=0.06, two-sample t-test). Conclusions: This exploratory analysis in a population of prostate cancer patients with a predominantly common ancestry investigates a prognostic role for a KLK2 SNP previously found associated with increased risk for cancer development. The Trp allele was found less likely to be associated with low GS morphology in the cancer cohort and more likely to have a shorter bRFS. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend these pilot findings for the R250W polymorphism as a genomic classifier for prognosis in larger prostate cancer cohorts.
Forecasting Battery Electric Vehicles

We use both TFDEA and Regression to forecast the diffusion of battery electric cars. Our methodology was divided into 6 steps. The objective of this project is to compare and discuss the results of TFDEA and Regression to be used to predict the model year of Battery Electric Vehicle. For project scope, the dataset of BEV will only focus on the BEV sold or available in US market from 1997∼2015. The selection of variables will concentrate on the technical performance parameters in 2 seats and 4 seats market segments respectively.
Salmonella Infection After Craniotomy

Salmonella is an uncommon cause of meningitis, especially after neurosurgery. Here, we present a case of Salmonella meningitis after craniotomy, likely due to physical contact with a snake after surgery, with contiguous spread from the patient's hand to her wound. The purpose of this report is to serve as a reminder that patients undergoing neurosurgery should avoid contact with pets, including snakes and other reptiles, in the postoperative period and practice good hand hygiene.
Sound and Light Levels Are Similarly Disruptive in ICU and non-ICU Wards.

OBJECTIVE To compare ambient sound and light levels, including SLCs, in ICU and non-ICU environments. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Tertiary-care hospital. MEASUREMENTS Sound measurements of 0.5 Hz were analyzed to provide average hourly sound levels, sound peaks, and SLCs =17.5 decibels (dB). For light data, measurements taken at 2-minute intervals provided average and maximum light levels. RESULTS The ICU rooms were louder than non-ICU wards; hourly averages ranged from 56.1 ± 1.3 dB to 60.3 ± 1.7 dB in the ICU, 47.3 ± 3.7 dB to 55.1 ± 3.7 dB on the telemetry floor, and 44.6 ± 2.1 dB to 53.7 ± 3.6 dB on the general ward. However, SLCs = 17.5 dB were not statistically different (ICU, 203.9 ± 28.8 times; non-ICU, 270.9 ± 39.5; P = 0.11). In both ICU and non-ICU wards, average daytime light levels were <250 lux, and peak light levels occurred in the afternoon and early evening. CONCLUSIONS Quieter, non-ICU wards have as many SLCs as ICUs do, which has implications for quality improvement measurements. Efforts to further reduce average noise levels might be counterproductive. Light levels in the hospital (ICU and non-ICU) may not be optimal for maintenance of a normal circadian rhythm for most people.
Data-driven Software Security and its Hardware Support

For computer software, our security models, policies, mechanisms, and means of assurance were primarily conceived and developed before the end of the 1970's. However, since that time, software has changed radically: it is thousands of times larger, comprises countless libraries, layers, and services, and is used for more purposes, in far more complex ways. As a consequence, it is necessary to revisit many of our core computer security concepts. For example, it is unclear how the Principle of Least Privilege can be applied to set security policy, when software is too complex for either its developers or its users to explain its intended behavior in detail.One possibility is to take an empirical, data-driven approach to modern software, and determine its exact, concrete behavior via comprehensive, online monitoring. Such an approach can be a practical, effective basis for security--as demonstrated by its success in spam and abuse fighting--but its use to constrain software behavior raises many questions. In particular, two questions seem critical. First, is it possible to learn the details of how software *is* behaving, without intruding on the privacy of its users' Second, are those details a good foundation for deriving security policies that constrain how software *should* behave? This talk answers both these questions in the affirmative, as part of an overall approach to data-driven security. It also considers what hardware support is necessary to perform comprehensive software monitoring, with privacy, and without prohibitive overhead.
Red Teaming the Biological Sciences for Deliberate Threats

This article describes the use of “red teaming” to analyze and forecast biological threats to U.S. national security. Red teaming is a method whereby participants adopt an adversarial perspective, ...
Influence of EPS bead fusion on pattern degradation and casting formation in the lost foam process

The effects of bead fusion in the pattern on foam degradation and on casting formation have been studied. Injection molded ASTM D638 tensile specimens have been used to develop a microscopic technique to quantify the extent of bead fusion in the pattern. The tensile properties of the polymer have been correlated with the measured degree of bead fusion. A variety of experiments have been conducted to highlight the effects of fusion on foam degradation. The flow behavior of a molten aluminum alloy has been studied in patterns with various levels of fusion. The results indicate that the degree of fusion has a significant effect on bead collapse and viscous residue formation in the polymer. The mold fill times generally increase with increasing bead fusion in the pattern. The temperature at the metal front drops more rapidly as the bead fusion increases.
R-Wave to Intracranial Artery Echo Activity Time Interval Measurements Using Moving Target Indicator Techniques

The detection of intracranial cerebrovascular disease has been approached by measuring the time interval between the peak of the R-wave of the ECG and the onset of intracranial arterial echo activity. Intracranial arterial echo activity was detected using moving target indicator techniques.
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA ® ): 30 Years of Experience with the SCSA ®

The SCSA® is one of the most widely utilized tests of sperm DNA damage. There are now a number of commercial kits available for testing of sperm DNA fragmentation in which great variations of clinical thresholds exist both within the same test and between tests. This presents a real problem for the clinics in providing a correct diagnosis and prognosis to patients. The greatest utility of the SCSA® has been to suggest when the %DFI is >25% to do changes in lifestyle and/or medical intervention to reduce this value. In addition, such couples should avoid spending time in unsuccessful IUI treatment but instead move on to IVF and preferably ICSI for the greatest success.
Multigene Biomarkers of Pyrethroid Exposure: Exploratory Experiments

We describe initial development of microarray-based assays for detecting 4 pyrethroid pesticides (bifenthrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, and permethrin) in water. To facilitate comparison of transcriptional responses with gross apical responses, we estimated concentration-mortality curves for these pyrethroids using flow-through exposures of newly hatched Daphnia magna, Pimephales promelas adults, and 24 h posthatch P. promelas. Median lethal concentration (LC50) estimates were below most reported values, perhaps attributable to the use of flow-through exposures or of measured rather than nominal concentrations. Microarray analysis of whole P. promelas larvae and brains from exposed P. promelas adults showed that assays using either tissue type can detect these pyrethroids at concentrations below LC50 values reported for between 72 and 96% of aquatic species, depending on the pesticide. These estimates are conservative because they correspond to the lowest concentrations tested. This suggests that the simpler and less expensive whole-larval assay provides adequate sensitivity for screening contexts where acute aquatic lethality is observed, but the responsible agent is not known. Gene set analysis (GSA) highlighted several Gene Ontology (GO) terms consistent with known pyrethroid action, but the implications of other GO terms are less clear. Exploration of the sensitivity of results to changes in data processing suggests robustness of the detection assay results, but GSA results were sensitive to methodological variations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2436-2446. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.