cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Google Trends as a Tool for Evaluating Public Interest in Facial Cosmetic Procedures.

Background The utility of Google Trends (GT) in analyzing worldwide and regional patient interest for plastic surgery procedures is becoming invaluable to plastic surgery practices. GT data may offer practical information to plastic surgeons pertaining to seasonal and geographic trends in interest in facial cosmetic procedures. Objectives The authors sought to analyze geographic and temporal trends between GT search volumes and US surgery volumes using univariate analysis. Methods The "related queries" feature of GT generated potential search terms. GT data were compiled for cheek implants, mentoplasty, otoplasty, blepharoplasty, rhytidectomy, forehead lift, hair transplantation, lip augmentation, lip reduction, platysmaplasty, and rhinoplasty from January 2004 to December 2017. Annual volumes for respective procedures were obtained from annual statistics reports of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) from 2006 to 2017 and American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) from 2004 to 2017. Results Geographical and temporal variations in search volume were detected during the study. Search volume trends that correlated significantly with both ASPS and ASAPS surgery volume trends were: "eyelid plastic surgery" (ASPS R2 = 0.336, P = 0.048; ASAPS R2 = 0.661, P = 0.001); "facelift" (ASPS R2 = 0.767, P ≤ 0.001; ASAPS R2 = 0.767, P = 0.001); "lip injections" (ASPS R2 = 0.539, P = 0.007; ASAPS R2 = 0.461, P = 0.044); and "rhinoplasty surgery" (ASPS R2 = 0.797, P ≤ 0.001; ASAPS R2 = 0.441, P = 0.01). Several search terms demonstrated no significant relationships or were significant with only one database. Conclusions GT may provide a high utility for informing plastic surgeons about the interest expressed by our patient population regarding certain cosmetic search terms and procedures. GT may represent a convenient tool for optimizing marketing and advertising decisions.
Mental health care among blacks in America: Confronting racism and constructing solutions.

Objectives To describe reasons for unmet need for mental health care among blacks, identify factors associated with causes of unmet need, examine racism as a context of unmet need, and construct ways to improve service use. Data sources Data from the 2011-2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were pooled to create an analytic sample of black adults with unmet mental health need (N = 1237). Qualitative data came from focus groups (N = 30) recruited through purposive sampling. Study design Using sequential mixed methods, reasons for unmet need were regressed on sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics of respondents. Findings were further explored in focus groups. Principal findings Higher education was associated with greater odds of reporting stigma and minimization of symptoms as reasons for unmet need. The fear of discrimination based on race and on mental illness was exacerbated among college-educated blacks. Racism causes mistrust in mental health service systems. Participants expressed the importance of anti-racism education and community-driven practice in reducing unmet need. Conclusion Mental health systems should confront racism and engage the historical and contemporary racial contexts within which black people experience mental health problems. Critical self-reflection at the individual level and racial equity analysis at the organizational level are critical.
Cell-Selective Regulation of CFTR Gene Expression: Relevance to Gene Editing Therapeutics

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is an attractive target for gene editing approaches, which may yield novel therapeutic approaches for genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). However, for gene editing to be effective, aspects of the three-dimensional (3D) structure and cis-regulatory elements governing the dynamic expression of CFTR need to be considered. In this review, we focus on the higher order chromatin organization required for normal CFTR locus function, together with the complex mechanisms controlling expression of the gene in different cell types impaired by CF pathology. Across all cells, the CFTR locus is organized into an invariant topologically associated domain (TAD) established by the architectural proteins CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and cohesin complex. Additional insulator elements within the TAD also recruit these factors. Although the CFTR promoter is required for basal levels of expression, cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in intergenic and intronic regions are crucial for cell-specific and temporal coordination of CFTR transcription. These CREs are recruited to the promoter through chromatin looping mechanisms and enhance cell-type-specific expression. These features of the CFTR locus should be considered when designing gene-editing approaches, since failure to recognize their importance may disrupt gene expression and reduce the efficacy of therapies.
Fate of non-transferred screened embryos from IVF: Current challenges and future directions

Abstract Over the past 2 decades, there has been increased worldwide use of in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing including screening of embryos for the presence of aneuploidy (preimplantation genetic screening for aneuploidy [PGT-A]). The evolution of molecular techniques used during PGT-A has revealed a high prevalence of mosaicism in human embryos and created a conundrum regarding the transfer of embryos. This chapter aims to address current challenges and future directions regarding the disposition of human embryos screened for PGT-A.
A simple decision rule predicts futile resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Abstract Aim Resuscitation of cardiac arrest involves invasive and traumatic interventions and places a large burden on limited EMS resources. Our aim was to identify prehospital cardiac arrests for which resuscitation is extremely unlikely to result in survival to hospital discharge. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all cardiac arrests in San Mateo County, California, for which paramedics were dispatched, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, using the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) database. We described characteristics of patients, arrests, and EMS responses, and used recursive partitioning to develop decision rules to identify arrests unlikely to survive to hospital discharge, or to survive with good neurologic function. Results From 2015–2018, 1750 patients received EMS dispatch for cardiac arrest in San Mateo County. We excluded 44 patients for whom resuscitation was terminated due to DNR directives. Median age was 69 years (IQR 57–81), 563 (33.0%) patients were female, 816 (47.8%) had witnessed arrests, 651 (38.2%) received bystander CPR, 421 (24.7%) had an initial shockable rhythm, and 1178 (69.1%) arrested at home. A simple rule (non-shockable initial rhythm, unwitnessed arrest, and age 80 or greater) excludes 223 (13.1%) arrests, of whom none survived to hospital discharge. Conclusion A simple decision rule (non-shockable rhythm, unwitnessed arrest, age ≥ 80) identifies arrests for which resuscitation is futile. If validated, this rule could be applied by EMS policymakers to identify cardiac arrests for which the trauma and expense of resuscitation are extremely unlikely to result in survival.
A sea of tentacles: optically discernible traits resolved from planktonic organisms in situ

Author(s): Ohman, MD; Browman, H | Abstract: Trait-based simplifications of plankton community structure require accurate assessment of trait values as expressed in situ. Yet planktonic organisms live suspended in a fluid medium and often bear elongate appendages, delicate feeding structures, and mucous houses that are badly damaged upon capture or removal from the fluid environment. Fixatives further distort organisms. In situ imaging of zooplankton from a fully autonomous Zooglider reveals a suite of trait characteristics that often differ markedly from those inferred from conventionally sampled plankton. In situ images show fragile feeding appendages in natural hunting postures, including reticulate networks of rhizopods, feeding tentacles of cnidarians, and tentilla of ctenophores; defensive spines and setae of copepods; intact mucous houses of appendicularians; and other structures that are not discernible in conventionally collected zooplankton. Postures characteristic of dormant copepods can be identified and the presence of egg sacs detected. Intact, elongate diatom chains that are much longer than measured in sampled specimens are resolvable in situ. The ability to image marine snow, as well as small-scale fluid deformations, reveals micro-habitat structure that may alter organismal behaviour. Trait-based representations of planktonic organisms in biogeochemical cycles need to consider naturally occurring traits expressed by freely suspended planktonic organisms in situ.
Multiple Chronic Conditions and Functional Outcome after Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Multiple chronic conditions (MCC) contribute to functional disability in the general population although its role in predicting functional outcome (FO) among patients with stroke is not well understood. There is no universal agreement on the approach to measuring MCC in stroke, and findings have been mixed regarding MCC being an independent predictor for poststroke FO. Objectives This review aims to summarize the findings of studies that have investigated the relationship between MCC and FO after ischemic stroke using a MCC index. Method PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for studies conducted among ischemic stroke patients that have examined the adjusted association between prestroke MCC and FO. The quality of the included studies was appraised using a risk of bias (RoB) assessment checklist. A meta-analysis was performed for the association between MCC and FO using a random effects model to estimate the overall pooled ORs. Results Twelve of the 18 studies included were hospital-based cohort studies, with a median RoB score of 4.75 points (range 1-9, higher scores for higher RoB). Studies predominantly used the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), or the Modified CCI to measure MCC burden, and the modified Rankin scale to measure FO. Half of the studies reported a significant negative association between MCC and FO, which was also found by the meta-analysis with a pooled OR of 1.11 (95% CI 1.05-1.18). Conclusions The current review supports that increased MCC is associated with worse poststroke FO although population-based studies of this association are lacking. Future research should aim to develop more refined measures of MCC that consider the severity and interactions of comorbid conditions reflective of the broader stroke population and to understand the relationship between MCC and poststroke FO with thorough adjustment for confounding factors.
Advanced methods for object localization in constrained environment

In a multi-sensor network, location of an object is usually determined through standard least square approximation technique after selecting relevant predictor features from sensor data. But for random movements, nonlinear angles and other variabilities like velocities, we can use advanced techniques like Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm together with RTS smoothing, Linear Quadratic Regulator with Genetic Algorithm to achieve much better results in constrained environment.
What Can Be Said? African American Religious Thought, Afro-Pessimism, and the Question of Hope

Current political conditions in the United States reflecting the socio-cultural dynamics of Trumpism have brought into question the viability of the traditional vocabulary and grammar of democracy....
The effects of nostalgia cues in sexual health advertising

An experimental design was conducted to investigate message effectiveness between reminiscence-bump format (RBF)/nostalgia message formats with traditional message formats in the context of health communication ads about sexual health. Reminiscence bumps, defined as a point in one's life where people can recall their life events, are proposed as a means for improving nostalgic advertising message effectiveness measure in the research. The dependent variables were emotional response, response efficacy (i.e. intent to adopt the behavior), attitude toward the message, and attitude toward the ad. Boomer-aged women completed an online survey. The research found evidence in support of the idea that nostalgic cues in health communication ads improved emotional response to the advertisement, which, in turn, improved their interest to act on health message recommendations.
Coupling of electrodynamic fields to vibrational modes in helical structures

Helical structures like alpha helices, DNA, and microtubules have profound importance in biology. It has been suggested that these periodic arrangements of constituent units could support collective excitations similarly to crystalline solids. Here, we examine the interaction between such constructs and oscillating dipoles, and evaluate the role of the helicity in the coupling between electrodynamic fields and vibrations. Based on vibrational and eigenfunction analyses we identify a group of modes of coherent oscillations that give rise to a strong and delocalized response, selectivity in frequency, and a typical interaction range. To describe the field scattering due to the structure vibrations we consider an anisotropic permittivity with a helical periodicity, which applies to all vibration types and close dipole locations. The type of resonances identified here may help explain the role of electrodynamic fields in the diverse functionality of cytoskeletal microtubules in the cellular environment.
Trans Students' College Choice & Journeys to Undergraduate Education.

Research demonstrates a clear connection between socialization initiatives and college student retention. Less clear are the ways transgender students select an institution to attend and transition...
Prostate-specific antigen testing in the disabled population: A cross-sectional analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS).

e17000Background: Disabled patients are a unique minority population that may have lower literacy levels and difficulty communicating with physicians. Furthermore, their knowledge for cancer preven...
Counseling and Care Partner Training in Primary Progressive Aphasia

Purpose Individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) experience loss of communication abilities in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, many individuals with PPA endorse ne...
Engineering Development of a Fluid-bed Fluoride Volatility Process I Bench-Scale Studies

A fluid-bed volatility process, developed for the recovery of uranium from highly enriched uranium-zirconium and uranium-aluminum alloy fuels, involves separating the alloying material as a volatil...
Criteria for the Reconstitution of Ion Transport Systems1

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the reassembly of ion transport systems. The range of properties measurable in reconstituted systems is extremely broad, encompassing specific lipid requirements, kinetics, stoichiometry, and variations in properties as functions of pH, transmembrane voltage, temperature, or composition of aqueous phase on each side of the membrane. Reassembly of fragments of an ion transport system can give information regarding the localization of functional sites within the system. The reassembly would not yield a system identical to the native system and measurements relating the partially reconstituted system to the native system are particularly important to assure that any conclusions derived are not based on artifacts. One of the techniques also involves direct injection of lipid solution into an aqueous phase. The criteria for determining when a reconstituted system gives information relevant to the native membrane can be vague. In many circumstances, the biological activities must be the same in the reconstituted system as in the native system; included in this criterion is the requirement that kinetic parameters should be equal in the two systems. A thermodynamically reversible reconstitution procedure leads to minimal distortions of the system. For example, if (Ca 2+ Mg 2+ )-ATPase is reconstituted by lipid exchange, measurements are made, and lipid exchange is again used; recovery of full biological activity after the second lipid exchange implies that any differences found in the first lipid exchange are because of the differences in lipid, not to reconstitution artifacts.
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections of the Nervous System

Herpes simplex virus is one of the group of herpes viruses responsible for a variety of human infections.1,2 These large enveloped DNA viruses, together comprising herpes simplex virus types I and II, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus, are unique in that they all have the capability for persisting in humans for many years, though the sites and manner in which they persist appear to differ. Herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus share the ability to produce segmental cutaneous disease which, in the case of herpes simplex, is probably related to its demonstrated potential to reside in sensory ganglia for many years. The same may be true for varicella zoster virus; direct proof of this is now emerging. Both herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus are suspected causes of human tumors, though the evidence for the latter is much more convincing. EB virus was first isolated from tumor tissues of patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma in Africa and has since been strongly implicated by DNA reassociation studies in nasopharyngeal tumors. Though a role for herpes simplex virus infection has been suspected on the basis of serologic evidence in human cervical cancer, a direct association between the virus and cervical cancer is still lacking.
Substance Abuse in the New South Africa

Abstract Over the past eight years South Africa has experienced a political transformation that has riveted world attention. A country once known for its policy of racial separation or apartheid has emerged as a new democracy with a racially integrated government ofnational unity. South Africa is now one of the most sought after tourist destinations and has attracted foreign investment from every major country around the world. Ironically, it is also emerging as one of the most lucrative countries for drug trafficking, dramatically increasing alcohol and substance abuse, accompanied by a dramatic increase in crime. This article will examine these growing problems in the new South Africa. The social and economic implications and the demand reduction methods and treatment alternatives will also be explored. Finally, the response of the South African government to deal with these severe alcohol and drug abuse problems will be discussed.
Clothes matching for blind and color blind people

Matching clothes is a challenging task for blind people. In this paper, we propose a new computer vision-based technology of clothes matching to help blind or color blind people by using a pair of images from two different clothes captured by a camera. A mini-laptop or a PDA can be used to perform the texture and color matching process. The proposed method can handle clothes in uniform color without any texture, as well as clothes with multiple colors and complex textures patterns. Furthermore, our method is robust to variations of illumination, clothes rotation, and clothes wrinkles. The proposed method is evaluated on a challenging database of clothes. The matching results are displayed as audio outputs (sound or speech) to the users for "match (for both color and texture)", "color match, texture not match", "texture match, color not match", or "not match (for both color and texture)".
Implant strategies during feeding : Impact on carcass grades and consumer acceptability

Anabolic growth promotants influence beef grade factors and Warner-Bratzler shear force of steaks. No study has assessed the consumer acceptability of beef derived from implanted cattle. This study determined beef carcass grades and consumer acceptability for cooked beef from unimplanted (control) cattle and from cattle implanted with one of seven different implant strategies (initial implant/implant at 59 d = Encore & Component T-S/no implant, Ralgro/Synovex Plus, Ralgro/Revalor-S, Revalor-S/Revalor-S, Revalor-S/no implant, no implant/Synovex Plus, and Synovex Plus/no implant). British crossbred steers (n = 448) were allocated randomly into one of eight pens for each of the control and seven treatment groups. Carcass quality and yield grade (n = 403) and Warner-Bratzler shear force (n = 298) data were collected by trained personnel. Twenty steaks per control or treatment group were selected randomly for use in consumer sensory evaluation. Steaks were evaluated by consumers for overall like, tenderness like, tenderness level, flavor like, flavor intensity, and juiciness level using 9-point, end-anchored hedonic scales. Control carcasses had smaller (P < .05) longissimus muscle areas than carcasses in all treatment groups except those receiving Encore & Component T S/no implant, Ralgro/Synovex Plus, or Revalor S/no implant. Control carcasses had higher (P < .05) marbling scores than carcasses in all treatment groups except those receiving Ralgro/Revalor-S or Encore & Component T-S/no implant. Steaks from control steers had lower (P < .05) Warner-Bratzler shear force values than steaks from steers given Revalor-S/no implant. Consumer ratings for tenderness like and tenderness level were influenced (P < .05) by implant strategy. Effects of implant strategy on overall like, flavor like, and flavor intensity approached significance (P = .07 to .09). Consumers rated steaks from unimplanted steers as more tender (tenderness level; P < .05) than steaks from all treatment groups except that involving Encore & Component T-S/no implant. Consumers rated steaks from unimplanted steers as more desirable (P < .05) for tenderness like than steaks from all treatments except those involving Encore & Component T-S/no implant or Revalor-S/no implant. Although use of implants in this study resulted in heavier hot carcass weights and larger ribeyes, some of the implant strategies reduced consumer preference of tenderness of steaks.
Solute effect of arsenic on the microstructure and diffusion mechanism in platinum-silicides

Abstract The growth kinetics and the microstructures of Pt2Si and PtSi on undoped and heavily arsenic-doped polycrystalline silicon have been investigated in the temperature range of 200 to 400°C. We found that on both substrate materials the silicide growth is a thermally activated process with a common activation energy for each compound. The addition of arsenic to the polycrystalline silicon was found to reduce the pre-exponential factor of the growth kinetics. To determine the diffusion mechanism in Pt-silicides we have carried out a detailed investigation of their microstructures. We report for the first time the observation of Kirkendall voids in a noble-metal silicide. The location of the voids at the Pt-silicide/Pt interface is a clear indication that the dominant diffusion mechanism in Pt-silicides is a vacancy-assisted diffusion of Pt atoms. The effect of arsenic on the pre-exponential factor is discussed by considering possible influences of arsenic atoms on the mechanism of chemical interdiffu...
Spatio-Temporal Modeling on Village Land Feature Change

Village land continually changes in the real world. In order to keep the data up-to-date, data producers need update the data frequently. When the village land data are updated, the update information must be dispensed to the end-users to keep their client-databases current. In the real world, village land changes in many forms. Identifying the change type of village land (i.e. captures the semantics of change) and representing them in the data world can help end-users understand the change commonly and be convenient for end-users to integrate these change information into their databases. This work focuses on the model of the spatio-temporal change. A three-tuple model CAR for representing the spatio-temporal change is proposed based on the village land feature set before change and the village land feature set after change, change type and rules. In this model, the C denotes the change type. A denotes the attribute set; R denotes the judging rules of change type. The rule is described by the IF－THEN expressions. By the operations between R and A, the C is distinguished. This model overcomes the limitations of current methods. And more, the rules in this model can be easy realized in computer program.
A Functional Classification for Artifacts from 19th and 20th Century Historical Sites

Artifact classification systems derived primarily from prehistoric archaeology are generally based on the material of manufacture. Such classification systems not only are not suited to historical ...
Effect of shock-stress duration on the residual structure and hardness of nickel, chromel and inconel

Abstract Sheet samples of pure nickel, chromel-A (80% Ni, 20% Cr) and inconel 600 (76% Ni, 16% Cr, 7% Fe) were simultaneously shock loaded in sandwich assemblies at a pressure of 250 kbar for shock-pulse durations of 0.5, 1.0 and 6.0 μsec utilizing a flying plate. The residual microhardness of all samples was observed to be increased by shock pulses in the range of approximately 0.5 – 2 μsec, to saturate at 2 μsec and to decrease in hardness in the range of 2 – 6 μsec. Examination of the residual substructures by transmission electron microscopy revealed a slight decrease in dislocation cell size in the range of 0.5 – 6 μsec, with a change in average dislocation density corresponding to the variations in residual hardness. Dislocation densities in the chromel-A and inconel 600 also corresponded to the residual hardness trend, and the deformation twin width was observed to vary from approximately 50 A at 0.5 μsec to 150 A at 6 μsec. The volume density of deformation twins did not vary appreciably in the same pulse-duration range. The results demonstrate an apparent interdependence of shock-stress amplitude and shock-stress duration in the effect of shock deformation on the residual structure and hardness of metals and alloys; that is, hardness can be increased by increasing the shock pressure at constant pulse duration or by increasing the pulse duration at a constant shock pressure.
High fluxes of radium and barium from the mouth of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River during low river discharge suggest a large groundwater source

The annual flux of sediment from the Ganges-Brahmaputra River is among the highest in the world. The desorption of226Ra and Ba from this sediment produces a major point source of226Ra and Ba input to the ocean. Highest226Ra and Ba fluxes are expected to occur during high river flow (June-September) when most of the sediment is discharged. Surprisingly, during low discharge of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River, fluxes of226Ra and Ba to the northern Bay of Bengal are comparable to expected river-derived fluxes during peak river discharge. A large non-riverine source of Ra and Ba is required to explain the high fluxes during low river discharge. I suggest that this source is submarine discharge of groundwater containing high concentrations of226Ra and Ba. Total annual fluxes of226Ra and Ba to the ocean from this system are significantly greater than estimated previously.
Case management and psychosocial rehabilitation: can they be synergistic?

Macias, Kinney, Farley, Jackson, and Vos (this issue) have conducted a pioneering case management (CM) study with several innovative features. First, it is the only published experimental study of the Strengths model completed outside of the Kansas group who developed it. The robust findings will provide an impetus to other researchers to examine a CM model that has been widely viewed as intuitively appealing, despite its lack of firm empirical grounding. Second, this study stands virtually alone as a controlled study of CM for mental health consumers in a rural community. A study in progress in rural South Carolina, using a different CM model and consumer population, promises to rectify further this gap in the literature (Santos, Deci, Lachance, Dias, Sloop, Hiers, & Bevilacqua, 1993). The disparity between the assumptions in the Santos and Macias studies should dispel any simplistic notions of a single best "rural model" of CM; the issues of resources, geography, and culture defy simple formulations. I would like to focus my comments on a third aspect of this s tudythe emphasis that Macias and her colleagues themselves h igh l igh t the benefits of "formal" CM when combined with psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR).
Differential effects of opioid and nonopioid analgesics on conditional discriminations in pigeons

Under the fixed-consecutive-number schedule (FCN), pigeons were reinforced for responding eight or more times on one response key (work key), and then responding once on a second response key. In one component of this schedule, an external stimulus signalled the completion of the response requirement on the work key (FCN 8-SD), whereas no stimulus change was programmed under the other (FCN 8). Across a range of doses, the mu opioid agonist morphine, the kappa opioid agonist U50,488 and the opioid antagonist naloxone had no consistent effect on accuracy under either FCN schedule. Naloxone and U50,488 produced a general flattening of the conditional probability functions by decreasing the conditional probability of response runs exceeding the minimum response requirement of eight consecutive responses on the work key. The sigma agonists phencyclidine and (+)N-allylnormetazocine and the nonopioid analgesics clonidine and l-nantradol produced large decreases in accuracy under the FCN 8 and small decreases under the FCN 8-SD. With the exception of (+)N-allylnormetazocine, these drugs consistently increased the conditional probability of responses runs shorter than the minimum response requirement on the work key. These findings indicate that the accuracy-altering effects of some opioid and nonopioid analgesics depend in part on the type of discrimination task.
Correlations between normal-state properties and superconductivity

Despite many years of intense theoretical effort it is still not possible to predict whether a material will be superconducting or not at low temperatures by measurement of its physical properties at higher temperatures. Nor is it possible in general to estimate the magnitude of the superconducting critical temperature ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ from measurements of normal-state properties. Here we address these questions from a statistical point of view. The metallic elements in the first six rows of the periodic table are assumed to be a ``representative sample'' drawn from a larger set of materials, and various statistical measures of correlations between the magnitude of ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ and a normal-state property, as well as between a normal-state property and the fact whether the material is or is not a superconductor, are considered. Thirteen normal-state physical properties are studied, some of which are believed to be important to determine superconducting properties within conventional BCS theory and others not. It is found that properties assumed to be important within BCS theory rank lowest in predictive power regarding whether a material is or is not a superconductor. Instead, properties with highest predictive power in this respect are found to be bulk modulus, work function and Hall coefficient. With respect to the magnitude of ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$, it is found to be positively correlated with electronic heat capacity, magnetic susceptibility, and atomic volume, and negatively correlated with electrical and thermal conductivity and Debye temperature. No significant correlations with ionic mass and ionization potential are found. Consequences of these findings for the theoretical understanding of superconductivity are discussed.
Engaging Patients With Sickle Cell Disease and Their Families in Disease Education, Research, and Community Awareness

This article describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of Research and Education Day, an event designed to promote education and awareness of sickle cell disease (SCD), while also fostering and increasing participation by families in research studies. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation data (tracking of participant attendance and participation in research studies; program evaluation surveys) indicate that program goals were achieved. Results show that event attendance, research participation and retention, and community volunteerism has increased exponentially over the 8-year history of the event. Parents report that their top-rated reasons for attending are learning about research studies and participating in SCD-related educational activities. Data also show that families learn about the event in multiple ways (i.e., flyers, clinic staff, word of mouth, etc.). Research and Education Day is a model for educating participants with sickle cell and their families, engaging them in research studies, and enhancing community awareness and support.
Preventing health care-associated harm in children.

Injuries due to medical care continue to affect substantial numbers of children; estimates range from 15% to 35% of hospitalized children
Poetry and Sailing in Hesiod's Works and Days

The section of Works and Days commonly known as the Nautilia (618-94), where the poet turns his attention from agriculture and "economics" to sailing, has both delighted and mystified students of Hesiod. The fascination that this passage elicits from all readers of the poem is easy to understand, for not only is the topic of sailing completely unexpected where it occurs, but the length of the digression is surprising in view of Hesiod's claim that he had little personal experience in the activity. Even more intriguing are the autobiographical details about his father's migration from Kyme to Ascra and his own competition at Chalcis at the funeral games for Amphidamas. Comments Reprinted from Classical Antiquity, Volume 9, Issue 1, 1990, pages 99-113. The author has asserted his right to include this material in ScholarlyCommons@Penn. This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/classics_papers/12
Viscoelastic Analysis of Multiphase Composites Using the Generalized Method of Cells

A computationally efficient formulation of the generalized method of cells is extended to deal with linear viscoelastic behavior. The resulting viscoelastic capability is utilized to calculate the viscoelastic responses of fiber-reinforced unidirectional composites with polymeric matrices. A multi-axial hereditary viscoelastic model is used as the theoretical basis of the formulation. The creep compliances of composites with different fiber shapes and microstructure architectures are analyzed and compared. To estimate accurately the influence of fiber shape, high-resolution cell models (with up to 10,000 subcells) of the composites are used in the numerical experiments. Results show that differences in creep response due to differences in fiber shape are not dramatic but that significant differences exist for the cases with different fiber arrangements.
Do CGCMs Simulate the North American Monsoon Precipitation Seasonal–Interannual Variability?

Abstract This study uses the most recent simulations from all available fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (CGCMs) to investigate whether the North American monsoon (NAM) precipitation seasonal–interannual variations are simulated and, if so, whether the key underlying physical mechanisms are correctly represented. This is facilitated by first identifying key centers where observed large-scale circulation fields and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are significantly correlated with the NAM precipitation averages over the core region (central–northwest Mexico) and then examining if the modeled and observed patterns agree. Two new findings result from the analysis of observed NAM interannual variations. First, precipitation exhibits significantly high positive (negative) correlations with 200-hPa meridional wind centered to the northwest (southeast) of the core region in June and September (July and August). As such, wet conditions are associated with strong anomalous southerly upper-l...
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF RADIATION EFFECTS ON CELL REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY IN A MAMMALIAN TRANSPLANTABLE TUMOR SYSTEM IN VIVO

The transplantability of leukemic ascites cells from mice bearing the transplanted lymphocytic leukemia P-358 was utilized as a measure of cell reproductive capacity. The response of mammalian cells to ionizing radiation appears to be similar in vivo and in vitro. The system is relatively free of host-immunity factors and has been used to study the effects of oxygenation and anoxia, the effects of dose fractionation and aspects of cellular recovery, and changes in radiation response induced by pharmacological agents. (auth)
Alterations in interleukin-4 and antibody production following pheromone exposure: Role of glucocorticoids

Abstract We have previously shown that exposure to pheromones from footshock-stressed mice suppresses cell-mediated immunity and enhances humoral immunity. Here we show that stress odor exposure is associated with enhanced antigen-specific antibody production and interleukin (IL)-4 production in BALB/c, but not C57B1/6, mice. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism blocks the enhancement of IL-4, but not antibody titers. There is an apparent differential sensitivity of BALB/c and C57Bl/6 spleen cells to in vitro incubation with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone; IL-2 production by BALB/c spleen cells is more sensitive to the effects of steroid. These data suggest that C57Bl/6 mice may not respond to stress pheromones due to their relative insensitivity to endogenous steroids.
Statistical fluid dynamics: unstable fingers

This paper is the first in a series by the authors devoted to the study of fingers in fluid surfaces. Fingers are a form of surface instability which occur on many length scales. In particular, they may occur on length scales small relative to the natural dimensions of the problem; in this sense the instability is similar to turbulance. In the present study, the transition from stability to instability is determined by a critical value in a viscosity ratio. This series of papers is devoted to methods of accurate numerical computation. We find that the random choice method gives excellent resolution of fingered surfaces and discontinuities. Even an unstable interface, with three to four well developed fingers can be resolved on a coarse grid of 10 to 15 zones wide.
Respiratory isolation of tuberculosis patients using clinical guidelines and an automated clinical decision support system.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a clinical guideline and an automated computer protocol for detection and respiratory isolation of tuberculosis (TB) patients. DESIGN An automated computer protocol was tested on a retrospective cohort of adult culture-positive TB patients admitted from 1992 to 1993 to Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center and evaluated prospectively from July 1995 until July 1996. SETTING A large teaching hospital in New York City. PATIENTS 171 adult patients admitted from 1992 to 1993 and 43 patients admitted between July 1995 and July 1996. INTERVENTIONS The 1990 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for preventing transmission of TB were adapted to formulate clinical guidelines to ensure early isolation of TB patients at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. RESULTS Implementation of a clinical respiratory isolation protocol resulted in a significant improvement in TB patient isolation rates, from 45 (51%) of 88 in 1992 to 62 (75%) of 83 in 1993 (P<.001). In testing automated protocols, the theoretical improvement would have identified an additional 27 patients not isolated by clinicians, making the overall isolation rate 134 (78%) of 171. For the prospective evaluation, 30 (70%) of 43 TB patients were isolated by clinicians adhering to the clinical protocol. Four additional patients were identified by the automated TB protocol, making the combined isolation rate 34 (79%) of 43. CONCLUSIONS A clinical policy to isolate TB patients and suspected human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with cough, fever, or radiographic abnormalities improved isolation of culture-documented TB patients from 1992 to 1993. Automated computer protocols were successful in identifying additional potentially infectious patients that clinicians failed to place on respiratory isolation. Clinical and automated protocols combined resulted in better isolation rates than a clinical protocol alone.
Finding and Integrating the Best Available Evidence into the Group Work Field Practicum: Examples and Experiences from MSW Students

Evidence-based practice has been widely discussed in the literature, but little has been said about how it is taught in courses on group work. This article describes how evidence-based group work (EBGW) has been taught in a master's level course on group work and includes examples of students' efforts at utilizing EBGW in their field placements, and their comments about the experience. Utilizing a four-stage process model of EBGW, students posed a clinical question, systematically searched for evidence to answer the question, critically reviewed the evidence, and applied it into practice. The examples illustrate the stages of EBGW and highlight the strengths and limitations of the approach. The written comments provide generally positive feedback and some suggestions for improvement. Ideas to strengthen the experience are presented.
Responses to ecologically relevant stimuli in the rat fetus: Interactive effects of milk and an artificial nipple

Stimuli normally encountered during suckling after birth—the nipple and milk—elicit behavioral responses from fat fetuses on E20. A series of experiments demonstrated that milk, unlike other chemosensory stimuli, consistently evoked mouthing activity during the 15 s after presentation. Unlike other perioral tactile stimuli, an artificial nipple evoked mouthing activity and an active oral grasping response during presentation. Prior exposure to milk altered fetal responsiveness to some forms of perioral tactile stimulation, but did not affect grasping of the nipple. In contrast, prior exposure to an artificial nipple increased mouthing activity in response to milk. The nipple and milk exhibit a temporally asymmetric relationship in fetal rats, which lack experience with suckling stimuli. These findings suggest that responsiveness to ecologically relevant stimuli and their temporal presentation develops before birth, and may facilitate functional behavioral responses of the newborn during the first suckling episode. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Point Sets and Allied Cremona Groups.

Part Ii of this account was devoted to a study of the invariants of a set Pk of n points in Sk under the group of permutations of the points. The set as a projective figure was mapped by a point P of a space lk(n-k-2) in which the permutation group appeared as a Cremona group Gnf!. In this part we shall consider the effect upon the set pk of certain Cremona transformations C in Sk These transformations C are of a special charatcer when k > 2 described hereafter by the term regular. They are determined essentially by their fundamental points alone and in all important particulars are entirely analogous to the ternary Cremona transformations. These regular Cremona transformations form the regular Cremona group in Sk. If one set of fundamental points of a regular transformation C be placed at P' there is determined a new set Pnk congruent to P' under C. The totality of sets P,' congruent in some order to a given set Pk is mapped in fk(n-k-2) by an aggregate of points P' which form a conjugate set under the extended group Gn, k of P'. This group Gn, k in " contains Gw! as a subgroup and in general is infinite and discontinuous. The major part of this article is devoted to a study of this group. In ? 5 a group gn, k of linear transformations which is isomorphic with Gn, k iS introduced. The new group brings to light properties both of Gn, k and of regular transformations in Sk. An interesting result is a determination of all types of regular transformations with a single symmetrical set of fundamental points. MIost of the types are well knob n but some are novel. In ? 6 another group en, k of linear transformations, also isomorphic with Gn, k, iS defined, which is particularly effectixe for a discussion of the infinite groups Gg,2, G8, 3, and G9,5. The close relation between the associated sets P7 and Q"-k-2 which appeared
An efficient semi‐automatic algorithm for cell contour extraction

Summary An interactive semi-automatic procedure for extraction of cell contours from light microscope images is presented. The user is required to specify four contour points and the algorithm determines the rest of the contour automatically. The algorithm exploits the fact that cell contours have lower grey level than their immediate surrounding and are usually very similar in shape to some piece-wise ellipses. A cost function is defined to detect the cell contours incorporating both the elliptical shape and local image intensities. The procedure is fast, reliable and well suited for routine interactive applications.
VISUAL GENERALIST WITH VISUAL SPECIALIST PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS: HOST SELECTION BEHAVIOUR AND APPLICATION TO MANAGEMENT

Our findings suggest that Hoplocampa testudinea adults (apparently monophagous) and Rhagoletis pomonella flies (oligophagous) are more specific in orientation to hue and/or form of feeding, mating, or oviposition sites on a common host (apple) than are Lygus lineolaris adults (polyphagous) on apple. We speculate that subject to varying influence by host plant chemical stimuli, many monophagous – oligophagous insects may tend to be visual specialists in comparison with polyphagous insects, especially those polyphagous species whose preferred feeding, mating, or oviposition sites within an individual plant are of diverse physical characteristics. They may tend more toward being visual generalists. Visual traps incorporating the synthetic equivalents of comparatively specific host plant visual stimuli should prove useful in monitoring and possibly even directly controlling a number of monophagous-oligophagous insects on crops. RESUME INSECTES PHYTOPHAGES GENERALISTES VISUELS ET SPECIALISTES VISUELS: COMPORTEMENT DE CHOIX DE LA PLANTE-HOTE ETAPPLICATION DANS LA LUTTE On montre que les adultes de Hoplocampa testudinea (apparemment monophages) et de Rhagoletis pomonella (oligophages) sont plus positivement specifiques visuellement dans leur orientation suivant la teinte et/ou la forme de leurs lieux d'alimentation, de copulation et de ponte sur un hote commun (le pommier) que les adultes de Lygus lineolaris (polyphages) sur le pommier. On emet l'hypothese que de nombreux insectes monophages-oligophages peuvent avoir tendance a etre des specialistes visuels si on les compare aux insectes polyphages, en particulier aux especes polyphages dont les lieux favoris d'alimentation, de copulation et de ponte ont des caracteristiques physiques diverses. Il se peut qu'ils aient plutot tendance a etre des generalistes visuels. Des pieges visuels incorporant les equivalents synthetiques de stimuli visuels relativement specifiques de la plante-hote seraient utiles pour surveiller et eventuellement detruire un certain nombre d'insectes monophages-oligophages dans les cultures.