cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Institutional Betrayal as a Motivator for Campus Sexual Assault Activism

Institutional betrayal, feelings of treason that occur when an institution fails to prevent or respond appropriately to wrongdoings committed within the context of an institution, contributes to exacerbated trauma for survivors of sexual violence (Smith & Freyd, 2014). Through a qualitative research study, we examine experiences of 10 sexual violence activist-survivors related to institutional betrayal. Participants describe individual, departmental, and systemic institutional betrayal. Additionally, we explore institutional betrayal as a motivator for campus activism and provide implications for student affairs educators striving to prevent and effectively respond to sexual violence on their campuses.
Fibrolase and Its Evolution to Clinical Trials: A Long and Winding Road

Fibrolase is the fibrinolytic proteinase isolated from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (southern copperhead snake) venom. The enzyme was purified by a three-step HPLC procedure and was shown to be homogeneous by standard criteria. The purified enzyme is inhibited by EDTA and other chelating agents and is a zinc metalloproteinase containing one mole of zinc per molecule. The enzyme is also rapidly inhibited by alpha2-macroglobulin (α2 M). Fibrolase is composed of 203 amino acids with a blocked amino-terminus due to cyclization of the terminal Gln residue. The enzyme is a direct-acting thrombolytic agent and does not rely on plasminogen for clot dissolution. Fibrolase rapidly cleaves the A(α)-chain of fibrinogen and the B(β)-chain at a slower rate; it has no activity on the γ-chain. The enzyme exhibits the same specificity with fibrin. Fibrolase was shown to have very effective thrombolytic activity in a reoccluding carotid arterial thrombosis model in the canine. A recombinant version of the enzyme was made in yeast by Amgen, Inc. (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA) and called alfimeprase. Alfimeprase is identical to fibrolase except for a two amino acid truncation at the amino-terminus and the insertion of a new amino-terminal amino acid in the truncated protein; these changes lead to a more stable enzyme for prolonged storage. Twenty years after it was first purified alfimeprase was taken into clinical trials by Nuvelo, Inc. (San Carlos, CA), which licensed the enzyme from Amgen. Alfimeprase was successful in Phase I and II clinical trials for peripheral arterial occlusion (PAO) and central venous access device (CVAD) occlusion. However, in Phase III trials alfimeprase did not meet the expected end points in either PAO or CVAD occlusion and in a Phase II stroke trial and Nuvelo dropped further development in 2008.
Probabilistic approaches to tag recommendation in a social bookmarking network

Tagging has become increasingly popular with the explosion of user-created content on the web. A ‘tag' can be defined as a group of keywords that makes organizing, browsing and searching for content more efficient. Users apply tags to a variety of web-based, shareable content including photos, videos, news articles, bookmarks, friends, etc. Tag suggestions for blog posts or web-pages have changed the focus of the tagging process from generation to recognition, thus making it less time and effort intensive. We propose tag recommendation algorithms for personalized agents, that recommend tags for bookmarks stored in a popular social bookmarking website, Del.ici.ous [6]. Our tag recommender agents learn to classify the tags according to their semantic similarity based on collaborative tagging by the users. Hence this approach can be used to facilitate folksonomy formation for the social network. In this paper, we first empirically verify our hypothesis that web pages with similar content are tagged with similar tags. We compare both Content-based and Collaborative approaches to recommend tags to the users. We analyze the performance of two probabilistic approaches to recommend tags from users with similar tagging behavior.
Assistive Technology Use with the Birth to Three Population: A Rural Perspective:

Previous research found infants and toddlers, age birth to three, capable of using assistive technology (AT), and the Federal Government mandates that AT be considered when a team creates an Indivi...
Hypocapnic-hypoglycemic interactions on cerebral high-energy phosphates and pH in dogs

With a level of hypoglycemia (1-1.5 mM) that does not alter cerebral O2 uptake and glucose uptake in dogs, induction of hypocapnia may cause severe electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypoglycemia (blood glucose = 1.1 +/- 0.1 mM) and hypocapnia (arterial PCO2 = 15 +/- 1 mmHg) on cerebral ATP, phosphocreatine, and intracellular pH (pHi; 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy), cerebral blood flow (CBF; radiolabeled microspheres), global O2 uptake, and glucose uptake in anesthetized dogs. Neither hypoglycemia nor hypocapnia alone altered brain high-energy phosphates, pHi, O2 or glucose uptake or caused major EEG abnormalities. Hypocapnia alone decreased CBF to 62 +/- 4% of control. The combination of hypoglycemia and hypocapnia did not decrease CBF (85 +/- 6% of control), and O2 and glucose uptake were unchanged. During hypocapnic hypoglycemia, isoelectric EEG was seen in 40% of animals, ATP and phosphocreatine decreased to 38 +/- 12 and 43 +/- 12% of control, respectively, while pHi increased from 7.13 +/- 0.05 to 7.43 +/- 0.09. The increase in pHi was related reciprocally to the decrease in venous PCO2, indicating little change in intracellular bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]i). With normoglycemic hypocapnia, in contrast, estimated [HCO3-]i decreased 57 +/- 1%. These data suggest that active regulation of pHi during normoglycemic hypocapnia is impaired during hypoglycemic hypocapnia associated with decreased ATP.
Efficiency Measures and Input Aggregation

Activity analysis models of production that are used to calculate measures of technical, allocative, and overall efficiency typically assume that the production data are measured in physical units. However, it is often the case that data are expressed in money units. Moreover, the inputs are often aggregated into what we call here input-cost aggregates. It is shown that when input-cost aggregates are used the measure of overall efficiency is unbiased (the same as the value obtained with disaggregated data) when all inputs are variable but is biased when some inputs are fixed. Both the technical and allocative measures are shown to be biased whether or not all inputs are variable. In most cases, the direction of the bias is also established.
The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on myocardial haemodynamics and metabolism during light halothane anaesthesia

The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade produced by propranolol (0,25 mg/kg) on myocardial haemodynamics and metabolism was investigated in eight closedchest dogs lightly anaesthetized with halothane (0.69% expired). A significant decrease in cardiac output and left ventricular stroke work was seen, with increases in left ventricular end diastolic pressures, mean aortic pressure, and peripheral vascular resistance. There was no change in heart rate, right atrial pressure, or the rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt). Myocardial blood flow, oxygen uptake, and excess lactate were likewise unchanged. There was no significant difference between the control and beta-blocked animals in the arterial levels or in regard to the myocardial uptake of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, lactate, or pyruvate. It appeared that the myocardial depression produced by beta adrenergic blockade in these animals was offset by the increased peripheral vascular resistance and mean aortic blood pressure. It is suggested that were such compensation not possible, the effect of beta-adrenergic blockade in light halothane anaesthesia might be more deleterious.
The role of suppressor T cells in the expression of immune response gene function.

Mechanisms underlying major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked immune response (Ir) gene regulation of immune responses have been the subject of considerable interest and debate in recent years. Two general mechanisms have been proposed to account for antigen-specific, Ir gene-mediated unresponsiveness. In one, defective antigen presentation resulted from the failure of processed nominal antigen and Ia antigen to associate on the antigen presenting cell membrane in a manner sufficient for helper T cell (Th cell) activation. By contrast, it has been proposed that selected Th cell clones were deleted from the repertoire during ontogeny or otherwise rendered unresponsive to the antigen-Ia complex, i.e., functionally deleted. Either of these mechanisms would account for the deficient activation of antigen-specific, Th cells observed in genetic low or nonresponder mice. In addition, the failure of mice to respond to certain antigens under Ir gene control has been attributed to the activation of specific suppressor T (Ts) cells. The latter mechanism might be considered a corollary or subset of the clonal deletion model. However, an important distinction exists. In the case of active, Ts cell-mediated Ir gene regulation, genetic low responder animals should retain the capacity for antigen-induced activation of Th cells, or Th cell activity should be demonstrable in these mice. In this communication, experiments are described which are designed to evaluate the possibility that active Ts cell-mediated regulatory mechanisms were of general importance in mediating Ir gene-related unresponsiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BH3 profiling: a functional assay to measure apoptotic priming and dependencies

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is activated by a wide variety of cellular stresses or insults and is vital for proper mammalian development as well as the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. The apoptosis pathway is also engaged by many common types of anticancer therapies and ionizing radiation, which contributes to the regressions of tumors or the toxic side effects of treatment. Due to the importance of maintaining healthy cell survival or the efficient clearance of cancer cells, the BH3 profiling assay was developed to functionally measure the state of the apoptosis pathway in any given cells. This assay involves the exposure of cellular mitochondria, where the BCL-2 family of proteins resides and controls the commitment to apoptosis, to proapoptotic BH3 peptides that mimic the activity of endogenous proapoptotic proteins. By using either activator or sensitizer peptides, the level of mitochondrial apoptotic priming (proximity to the threshold at which a cell commits to cell death) or dependence on prosurvival BCL-2 family proteins can be determined. Described here are two methods of BH3 profiling that can enable a user to make these functional measurements, which can be useful for predicting cellular responses to proapoptotic stressors or therapeutics (BH3 mimetics) that inhibit the activity of prosurvival proteins.
Exploring patients' interest in complementary therapies in a specialist palliative care unit.

Background: The use of complementary therapy has become increasingly integrated into specialist palliative care units (SPCUs). Objective: To evaluate patients' interest in and experience of complem...
A Self-Recurrence Method for Generalizing Known Scientific Results

A great number of articles widen known scientific results (theorems, inequalities, math/physics/chemical etc. propositions, formulas), and this is due to a simple procedure, of which it is good to say a few words: Let suppose that we want to generalizes a known mathematical proposition P(a) , where a is a constant, to the proposition P(n) , where n is a variable which belongs to subset of N . To prove that P is true for n by recurrence means the following: the first step is trivial, since it is about the known result P(a) (and thus it was already verified before by other mathematicians!). To pass from P(n) to P(n + 1) , one uses too P(a) : therefore one widens a proposition by using the proposition itself, in other words the found generalization will be paradoxically proved with the help of the particular case from which one started! We present below the generalizations of Holder, Minkovski, and respectively Tchebychev inequalities.
Assessment of Myocarditis: Cardiac MR, PET/CT, or PET/MR?

Diagnosis of myocarditis is challenging given its variable clinical manifestations and non-specific laboratory findings. Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) is currently the preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis of myocarditis. 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), as a functional imaging tool, has a potential role in the assessment of myocarditis by detecting the underlying myocardial inflammatory activity. Data are accumulating that simultaneous cardiac PET/MR may have complementary and incremental values for the evaluation of myocarditis compared to PET/CT or cardiac MR alone. The article aims to summarize the findings in the literature and discuss future directions of cardiac PET/MR for myocarditis. The Lake Louis Criteria (CLL) of cardiac MR is widely used for the diagnosis of myocarditis. It has an overall acceptable sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 91% for acute myocarditis but does not have the same accuracy for chronic myocarditis. FDG PET/CT is capable of assessing myocarditis by providing metabolic information of inflammation as increased myocardial FDG uptake. In addition to reduced radiation exposure, FDG PET performed on a hybrid PET/MR may detect more myocarditis than FDG PET/CT, because of the delayed PET acquisition time on PET/MR. Case-based observations and small clinical studies of FDG PET/MR have shown that FDG PET findings as abnormally increased myocardial uptake correlate well with the cardiac MR biomarkers. FDG PET findings may add complementary and incremental values to cardiac MR by improving the sensitivity of cardiac MR for mild or borderline myocarditis, and increasing specificity for chronic myocarditis. Preliminary data from retrospective and case-based observational studies have suggested the complementary and incremental values of simultaneous cardiac FDG PET/MR for evaluation of myocarditis, compared to PET/CT or MR alone. Well-designed studies are needed to confirm the findings and to assess the value of cardiac PET/MR for clinical management and more importantly patient’s outcome in both acute and chronic myocarditis.
Elevated inflammation and decreased platelet activity is associated with poor outcomes after traumatic brain injury.

Abstract The inflammatory processes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been fully characterized. We hypothesize that differences in systemic cytokine/chemokine (CC) levels are associated with TBI clinical outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we examined systemic levels of CCs and their relationship with patient outcomes. Plasma from acute TBI subjects was collected at 24–48 h, and the CC levels were measured using a multiplex 41-plex-kit. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) with good outcomes defined as mRS ≤ 3 and poor outcome as mRS ≥ 4. The differences in CC concentrations between groups were then compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Seventy-six acute TBI subjects were included in this study. In the mRS ≥ 4 group, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated, indicating early activation of immune reaction and modulation. Simultaneously, PDGFAA and RANTES were lower in the mRS ≥ 4 group. Poor outcomes after TBI were associated with elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and lower levels of PDGFAA and RANTES within 24–48 h after injury.
Emergent Multilingual Language Acquisition Using Developmental Networks

There has been work on language acquisition but such prior work was based on symbolic representations and non-incremental learning. Neural Networks are meant for incremental learning but their performance has been weak. This situation was mainly due to a "lack of logic" in neural networks. By language acquisition here we mean incremental learning from lifetime experience. Since developmental networks (DN) has clearly understandable emergent "logic" in terms of finite automata and Turing machines, this is the first work on language acquisition based on a clearly understandable emergent Turing machine. We show how symbolic words are represented by patterns instead of (handcrafted) symbols to simulate naturally grounded and emergent inputs. The context as states/actions are also represented by patterns to simulate naturally grounded and emergent inputs. Our work demonstrates that symbolic state features can be fully automated by emergent input-context pattern pairs. This is a step toward fully automated acquisition of language by a grounded robot, but we are not there yet.
Interview with Dale Hudson and Patricia R. Zimmermann

Ryan Watson (RW): In your recent book Thinking Through Digital Media,1 you argue that conventional media categories like avant-garde, documentary, experimental, are obsolete applied to digital medi...
GP225 Better outcomes of ‘high-risk’ screened glutaric aciduria type 1 patients give optimism to future cases diagnosed through newborn screening in ireland

Introduction Glutaric aciduria Type 1 (GA1), first described in 1975, has an incidence of approximately 1:56,000 in Ireland. GA1 usually presents clinically during an intercurrent illness at 3–18 months’ age with encephalopathy and dystonia, resulting in dyskinetic/spastic cerebral palsy and sometimes intellectual disability. Management of GA1 involves a low-protein diet with synthetic lysine-free/low-tryptophan protein supplement and L-carnitine treatment, with aggressive management of inter-current illnesses to prevent catabolic crisis and encephalopathy. This review assessed outcomes of high-risk (familial) screened Irish patients versus non-screened patients who presented clinically, prior to the very recent introduction of newborn screening (NBS) for GA1 in Ireland. Method Retrospective chart review of GA1 patients attending the National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (1981 – 2018). Data was collected to determine patient clinical and neurological status at diagnosis and at school age. Results 29 patients were diagnosed with and treated for GA1 during the review period (352 patient treatment years). Thirteen (45%) presented clinically and 16 (55%) were diagnosed early by ‘high-risk screen’ due to family history. Median age at diagnosis was 365 days (IQR 206–626) for those presenting clinically and 4.5 days (IQR 3–29) for those screened (p Eighteen (62%) patients were from the Irish Travelling Community of which 12 (66.7%) were diagnosed by high-risk screen compared to four of 11 (36.4%) from the non-Traveller population (P=0.111, Chi-squared). Nine of 15 patients (60%) diagnosed by high-risk screen had either radiological only or no features of GA1 at diagnosis, compared to one patient (7.7%) in the clinically presenting group (p=0.004, Chi-squared). Two of the eight patients (25%) presenting clinically who survived to school-age attended mainstream school without significant impairment versus 10 of 14 (71.4%) screened patients (p=0.035 Chi-squared). Three of eight (37.5%) clinical presenters at 5–7 years had either full motor function or a Gross Motor Function Classification System score of 1, compared with all fourteen diagnosed by high-risk screen (p=0.001, Chi-squared). Conclusion Our data supports the necessity to diagnose infants with GA1 in the newborn period and we expect that future outcomes in the Irish NBS population will be similar to this historical high-risk screening group.
Structure and the role of filling rate on model dsDNA packed in a phage capsid

The conformation of DNA inside bacteriophages is of paramount importance for understanding packaging and ejection mechanisms. Models describing the structure of the confined macromolecule have depicted highly ordered conformations, such as spooled or toroidal arrangements that focus on reproducing experimental results obtained by averaging over thousands of configurations. However, it has been seen that more disordered states, including DNA kinking and the presence of domains with different DNA orientation can also accurately reproduce many of the structural experiments. In this work we have compared the results obtained through different simulated filling rates. We find a rate dependence for the resulting constrained states showing different anisotropic configurations. We present a quantitative analysis of the density distribution and the DNA orientation across the capsid showing excellent agreement with structural experiments. Second, we have analyzed the correlations within the capsid, finding evidence of the presence of domains characterized by aligned segments of DNA characterized by the structure factor. Finally, we have measured the number and distribution of DNA defects such as the emergence of bubbles and kinks as function of the filling rate. We find the slower the rate the fewer kink defects that appear and they would be unlikely at experimental filling rates with our model parameters. DNA domains of various orientation get larger with slower rates.
The Rate of Infectious Complications After Intrathecal Drug Delivery System Implant for Cancer-Related Pain Is Low Despite Frequent Concurrent Anticancer Treatment or Leukopenia

BACKGROUND The efficacy of intrathecal drug delivery (IDD) for cancer-related pain is well established. Cancer therapies are often associated with immunosuppression and increased risk of infection, and the rate of infection after intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) implant in cancer patients has been reported as 2.4%-6.3%. Our objective is to report on the rate of surgical site infections (SSI) in patients implanted with IDDS for cancer-related pain and to provide a data-driven discussion on the relationship between antineoplastic treatment, leukopenia, and other clinical or demographic characteristics and SSI. METHODS Following local institutional review board approval, we conducted a retrospective chart review of IDDS implants from May 2014 through December 2018. Data collected included demographic data, health status, prophylactic antibiotic administration, surgery duration, presence of leukopenia (white blood cell [WBC] count of <4.0 K/µL) or moderate neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] of <1000/μL) within the 30 days before IDDS implant, and details of antineoplastic treatment or systemic corticosteroid use in the perioperative period. This information was assessed in relation to SSI incidence up to 6 months following implant. RESULTS Two hundred seventeen IDDS implants were identified. A majority of patients (79.3%) received ≥1 form of antineoplastic therapy within 30 days before or after implant, and 42.4% received multiple forms of antineoplastic therapy. Therapies included chemotherapy in 46.5%, immunotherapy in 28.6%, systemic steroids in 32.3%, and radiation therapy in 28.1%. One-quarter of patients (25.8%) were leukopenic within 30 days before implant, with 3.2% having moderate neutropenia. There were 2 infectious complications representing an infection rate of 0.9% (95% CI, 0.1%-3.3%), with limited shared characteristics between those experiencing SSI. CONCLUSIONS SSI risk after IDDS placement for cancer pain is low, despite frequent concurrent antineoplastic therapy and leukopenia in the perioperative period. Concomitant cancer therapies should not be a barrier to the implementation of IDD for cancer pain.
Thinking about Hybrid or Online Learning in Physical Education? Start Here!

Technology when used effectively by both the teacher and student can be a great tool. The purpose of this article is to discuss the idea of hybrid and online physical education and discuss the rece...
Phage-based forensic tool for spatial visualization of bacterial contaminants in cheese

Traditional procedures for microbial testing typically involve a homogenizing step. These methods give valuable information on the presence or enumeration of a bacterial contaminant, but not where the contaminant was in the original sample. Spatial information could be useful in troubleshooting sources of bacterial contamination in a processing plant. For example, if the contaminant was localized on the top of a food such as cheese, this might indicate dripping condensate along a specific processing line as its source. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the use of a genetically engineered phage to detect bacterial contaminants on cheese to be able to visualize the contaminants without the use of magnification. In this study, a T7 bacteriophage engineered to overexpress the luciferase NanoLuc (Promega, Madison, WI) was utilized to reveal the spatial location of Escherichia coli on lysogeny broth (LB) agar and queso fresco (QF). Four scenarios were tested to explore how phage may be applied, with a blue bioluminescent signal revealing the spatial location of contaminants: (1) phage applied topically via molten soft agar to E. coli-inoculated (a) LB agar or (b) QF; and (2) phage incorporated within (a) LB agar or (b) QF and then inoculated with E. coli. Each was tested in triplicate. Cultures of E. coli BL21 grown for 18 h were serially diluted in phosphate-buffered saline and inoculated onto 8 ± 0.5 g of LB agar or QF in 6-well plates. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 8 h for condition 1a, 24 h for 1b and 2b, and 22 h for 2a. For 1a and 1b, stock phage was added to molten soft agar, applied topically, and incubated for 2 additional hours to allow for E. coli infection. After incubation, the substrate NanoGlo (Promega) was added to cover the surface of the agar or cheese and imaged immediately in a dark box using a digital camera and long exposure to capture the bioluminescent signal. Photographs captured small blue spots where the incubated colony-forming units were located. The lowest inoculum level of E. coli detected for each scenario was 1.43 × 101 ± 9.94, 1.18 × 101 ± 7.07, 5.48 × 101 ± 1.19 × 101, and 2.37 × 101 ± 1.40 × 101 cfu/well, for 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b, respectively. These data demonstrate that the reporter phage proof-of-concept could be used as a forensic tool to visualize the spatial location of bacteria in a cheese matrix. Future work will translate this concept to dairy-relevant phage-pathogen systems.
Pioneer Mother Monuments: Constructing Cultural Memory

Review of: Pioneer Mother Monuments: Constructing Cultural Memory, by Cynthia Culver Prescott.
Short-Term Evaluation of Dry Electrodes Fabricated using Flexible Printed Circuits Processes for Bioimpedance Measurements

Wearable systems for bioimpedance measurements that integrate dry electrodes and sensing circuitry reduce system obtrusiveness and increase opportunities for research and applications during free-living. Utilizing existing fabrication processes for the sensing circuitry and electrodes would further improve system miniaturization and reduce fabrication costs. In this work, the short-term (60 minute) performance of flexible gold-plated “dry” electrodes for tetrapolar bioimpedance measurements are compared against traditional “wet” Ag/AgCl electrodes. The localized 8 kHz to 128 kHz bioimpedance from 2 participants forearms were collected for 60 minutes on 2 occasions using both electrode types. The tissue/electrode interface impedance of the flexible, gold plated electrodes decreased over time, but the decrease in impedance did not impact the tetrapolar measurements over the short-term collection periods.
Glypican-3: A molecular marker for the detection and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a fairly poor prognosis (5-year survival of less than 50%). Using sorafenib, the only food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drug, HCC cannot be effectively treated; it can only be controlled at most for a couple of months. There is a great need to develop efficacious treatment against this debilitating disease. Glypican-3 (GPC3), a member of the glypican family that attaches to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, is overexpressed in HCC cases and is elevated in the serum of a large proportion of patients with HCC. GPC3 expression contributes to HCC growth and metastasis. Furthermore, several different types of antibodies targeting GPC3 have been developed. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literatures on the GPC3 expression in human HCC, molecular mechanisms of GPC3 regulation and antibodies targeting GPC3.
COT: an efficient Python tool for detecting marker genes among many subtypes

We develop an accurate and efficient method to detect marker genes among many subtypes using subtype-enriched expression profiles. We implement a Cosine based One-sample Test (COT) Python software that is easy to use and applicable to multi-omics data. We demonstrate the performance and utility of COT on gene expression and proteomics data acquired from tissue or cell subtypes. Formulated as a one-sample test with Cosine similarity test statistic in scatter space, the detected de novo marker genes will allow biologists to perform a more comprehensive and unbiased molecular characterization, deconvolution and classification of complex tissue or cell subtypes.
Emulation Versus Instrumentation for Android Malware Detection

In resource constrained devices, malware detection is typically based on offline analysis using emulation. An alternative to such emulation is malware analysis based on code that is executed on an actual device. In this research, we collect features from a corpus of Android malware using both emulation and on-phone instrumentation. We train machine learning models using the emulator-based features and we train models on features collected via instrumentation, and we compare the results obtained in these two cases. We obtain strong detection and classification results, and our results improve slightly on previous work. Consistent with previous work, we find that emulation fails for a significant percentage of malware applications. However, we also find that emulation fails to extract useful features from an even larger percentage of benign applications. We show that for applications that are amenable to emulation, malware detection and classification rates based on emulation are consistently within 1% of those obtained using more intrusive and costly on-phone analysis. We also show that emulation failures are easily explainable and appear to have little to do with malware writers employing anti-emulation techniques, contrary to claims made in previous research. Among other contributions, this work points to a lack of sophistication in Android malware.
Association of Trismus With Quality of Life and Swallowing in Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer.

ObjectiveWe aim to (1) determine the prevalence and predictors of trismus and (2) examine the relationship of trismus, swallowing dysfunction, and quality of life (QOL) in survivors of head and nec...
Conservatively-Managed Chronic Bronchopleural Fistula After Lung Cancer Tri-Modality Therapy: A Case Report

Abstract Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by lobectomy is thought to increase survival in patients with Stage IIIa non-small cell lung cancer. Bronchopleural fistula is a rare complication of lung surgery. A 48-year-old female presented with adenocarcinoma of the left upper lobe. She underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy of 60Gy in 30 fractions with concurrent cisplatin and etoposide followed by lobectomy, revealing a complete pathological response. Subsequent surveillance CTs showed signs of inflammation and radiation changes in the lung but were otherwise without signs of recurrence. At 26 months, she was found to have developed a pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula. Since she was asymptomatic and sequential CT showed stability and spontaneous reduction of the pneumothorax, no intervention was attempted. She is managed conservatively for over two years, and continues to do well clinically without signs of recurrence.
Forced Labor in Colonial Spanish America

The Spanish colonial empire initially faced a trilemma in the New World. First, they needed to incentivize quasi-private Spanish expeditions to subdue, settle, and secure new territories. Second, they needed labor to develop the new territories and provide a stream of rents for the imperial government. Third, they needed to ensure that the Spanish colonists did not grow powerful enough to challenge imperial authority. We show how the Spanish solved this trilemma in three ways, all involving forced labor: (1) transplanting Iberian institutions; (2) repurposing existing pre-Columbian institutions; (3) importing African slaves. We present evidence that over time forced labor in Spanish America underwent an endogenous process of decay as power slowly shifted from the Spanish-American colonial elite to indigenous labor. The end result was the increasing dominance of wage labor on the American mainland, leaving most forced labor arrangement either moribund or in decay by the time the empire collapsed. The commodity boom around the circum-Caribbean combined with geographic factors explains why this process was slower there (and short-circuited entirely in the case of Cuba).
Microvascular-based self-healing materials

Abstract Self-healing materials, which are inspired by the repair functionality of biological systems, increasingly incorporate microvascular components as an approach to mimic the autonomic healing abilities of biological organisms. Synthetic microvasculature addresses the limitations in healing agent availability within microcapsule-based systems in order to achieve multiple healing events at a particular damage location, and to repair large-scale fracture damage. Biological microvascular systems are briefly reviewed with respect to key design elements and considerations for functional and reliable synthetic microvascular systems. Subtractive and additive manufacturing techniques are discussed and their relative advantages and disadvantages compared within the context of structural and nonstructural parts. The performance of fabricated specimens and structures are presented with an emphasis on mechanical restoration. The healing efficacy is discussed within broad categories of mechanical loading and damage conditions, and includes quasi-static, fatigue, impact, and macroscale material loss. The field of microvascular self-healing has significant potential for continued growth; further inspiration from biology may yield in situ damage sensing, active fluid rerouting, improved computational optimization of vascular networks for multifunctional design objectives, and novel material chemistries for improved manufacture of engineered networks within large-scale structures.
Depression of mitogen response in spleen cells from reticuloendotheliosis virus-infected chickens and their suppressive effect on normal lymphocyte response

Spleen cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were depressed in their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). When spleen cells from uninfected chickens were co-cultured with spleen cells from chickens infected with REV at 2 weeks of age, the PHA response by the normal cells was completely suppressed. Although spleen cells from chickens infected with REV at 6 or 9 weeks of age were also suppressed in their ability to respond to PHA, they did not suppress the mitogenic response of normal cells in mixed cultures.
Beyond Home Automation: Designing More Effective Smart Home Systems

This paper outlines a Smart Home Proof-of-Concept system that uses a Bayesian Network to predict the likelihood of a monitored event to occur. Firstly, this paper will provide an introduction to the concept of a smart home system; then it will outline how Artificial Intelligence concepts can be used to make such systems more effective. Finally, it will detail the implementation of a smart home system, which uses an inference engine to determine the likelihood of a fire. The system prototype has implemented using a LonWorksTM hardware kit and a NeticaTM Bayesian Network engine from Norsys.
Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis: Treatment With S-Adenosylmethionine

Abstract S-Adenosylmethionin (800 mg i.v. per day) was used to treat two brothers and a brother and sister from each of two kindreds with benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. Symptoms, routine tests of liver function, concentrations of total bile acids, and the oral clearances of [11,12- 2 H]chenodeoxycholic acid and [24- 13 C]cholic acid were determined before and after treatment with S-adenosylmethionine. S-Adenosylmethionine did not ameliorate symptoms or biochemical parameters of cholestasis but reduced bile acid clearances in 3 of 4 subjects. Transaminase levels in both subjects of one kindred rose during treatment. These limited, preliminary observations suggest that S-adenosylmethionine may be ineffective in the therapy of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis and may be hepatotoxic in some patients.
Foreign Films In The Classroom: Gateway To Language And Culture

The teaching of culture has become gradually more significant for all teachers involved in language education; it has been referred as the “hidden curriculum” of foreign language teaching. Because of limited time available in the classroom and curriculum constraints, the inclusion of cultural lessons often comes second to the teaching of the language at all levels of education. This paper will discuss the inclusion of foreign films to develop culture-based contexts for language in the classroom. While the description of the course focuses on Italian-language students who have achieved intermediate-mid or intermediate-high oral proficiency, according to the ACTFL oral proficiency guidelines, the article describes how the principles illustrated can be adapted for use with other languages and at other levels of instruction.
Direct active and reactive power regulation of a DFIG wind power system with constant switching frequency and reduced ripple

The direct power control (DPC) scheme for doubly-fed generator (DFIG) wind energy systems is known to have simple control structure and fast dynamic response in comparison with other well developed control approaches such as field oriented control (FOC). The simplicity of this method comes from employing hysteresis-based controls for the stator active and reactive powers. However, these controllers have non-linear behavior, which causes a variable switching frequency for converter. This paper proposes a constant switching frequency controller that can replace the hysteresis-based controller and provides wide range of speed operation for DFIG wind power systems. The proposed control strategy is tested by simulation using MATLAB/Simulink and PSIM, and also experimentally using a 5.5 kW DFIG laboratory set up.
Magnetic Field Effects on Copper Electrolysis

The effect of a static magnetic field, B, on the electrolysis of copper in aqueous solution is investigated using linear sweep voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, rotating disk voltammetry, and analysis of fractal growth patterns. Data are obtained in fields of up to 6 T. There is a large enhancement of the electrodeposition rate (up to 300%) from concentrated CuSO4 solution (c ∼1 M) when pH ≤ 1. The effect of the magnetic field is equivalent to that achieved by rotating the electrode. From the pH, viscosity, field direction and concentration dependence of the field effect, the influence of field on the complex impedance, and the equivalence of field and electrode rotation, it is established that the magnetic field influences mass transport by forced convection. Convective flow is modified on a microscopic scale in the boundary layer close to the working electrode. There is no influence on the electrode kinetics. Turbulence sets in for our cell geometry when the product of field and cu...
Using Biographies to Teach Leadership

The authors draw on their four-year experience teaching "Profiles in Leadership," a freshmen course where students read and discuss the biographies of great leaders. According to student evaluations, essay question answers, and professors' observations, students learn a great deal from this process. For example, most freshmen enter college believing that leaders (e.g. Henry Ford, Mahatma Gandhi) are saint-like heroes. This course forces students to face the weaknesses of great people and develop a more realistic view of leadership. Other student insights include: (1) leaders usually fail and then learn from their mistakes, and (2) leadership is paradoxically social and solitary.
Validation of the MODIS vegetation indices over a global set of test sites: preliminary results

Vegetation indices (VI's) are important tools in the seasonal and inter-annual monitoring of the Earth's vegetation. In this study, the vegetation index products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are evaluated over a preliminary set of validation test sites, including a cerrado and rainforest site in Brazil, and two grass/ shrub sites in Arizona and New Mexico, U.S.A. Ground and airborne validation experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) for vegetation monitoring. Calibrated spectroradiometers were flown for top-of-canopy reflectance retrievals. Vegetation sampling provided the data needed for a biophysical validation of the VI's. Both single-day and 16-day composited MODIS data were processed and corrected for atmosphere at 500m and 1 km resolutions. The MODIS data compared quite well with the validation data with most of the uncertainty associated with the compositing process. Results show the MODIS VI products to offer enhanced sensitivity for land use discrimination and monitoring at both regional and global scales. The EVI was fairly well resistant to residual cloud and aerosol contamination and had a good range of sensitivity over the high biomass, forested areas.
Trisomy 7: a potential cytogenetic marker of human prostate cancer progression.

We used the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method to show that chromosome 7 trisomy is associated with the progression of human prostate cancer. Thirty-six specimens including 15 primary prostate carcinomas, 16 metastatic lesions, and 5 normal prostate tissues, as well as 2 prostate carcinoma cell lines of different tumorigenic potential, were examined for chromosome 7 aneuplaidy. Our results showed that the androgen-unresponsive tumorigenic cell line PC-3 exhibited a significantly higher ratio of chromosome 7 to total chromosome number than the androgen-responsive nontumorigenic cell line LNCaP (P = 0.001). In prostate specimens, the frequency of trisomy 7 cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the advanced stage tumors (C and D1) but not in the early (6) stage tumors or normal prostatic tissue. Furthermore, metastases showed a higher frequency of trisomy 7 cells than primary tumors (P = 0.005). In 2 patients with paired primary and metastatic tumors, trisomy 7 cells increased from 4-7% in the primary tumors to 42-45% in the metastatic tumor cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, our data suggest that trisomy 7 may be a common feature associated with local and metastatic progression and serve as a novel marker for human prostate cancer progression. Genes Chrom Concer 9:/9-27 (1994). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Probabilistic evolving meal detection and estimation of meal total glucose appearance.

Background: Automatic compensation of meals for type 1 diabetes patients will require meal detection from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) readings. This is challenged by the uncertainty and variability inherent to the digestion process and glucose dynamics as well as the lag and noise associated with CGM sensors. Thus any estimation of meal start time, size, and shape is fundamentally uncertain. This uncertainty can be reduced, but not eliminated, by estimating total glucose appearance and using new readings as they become available. Method: In this article, we propose a probabilistic, evolving method to detect the presence and estimate the shape and total glucose appearance of a meal. The method is unique in continually evolving its estimates and simultaneously providing uncertainty measures to monitor their convergence. The algorithm operates in three phases. First, it compares the CGM signal to no-meal predictions made by a simple insulin–glucose model. Second, it fits the residuals to potential, assumed meal shapes. Finally, it compares and combines these fits to detect any meals and estimate the meal total glucose appearance, shape, and total glucose appearance uncertainty. Results:
Putting transport into water-rock interaction models

New quantitative models for water-rock interaction are needed that explicitly couple fluid flow and chemical reactions. One such model is based on the finite-difference method and is applicable to both one-and two-dimensional reactive flow. In applying the model, we find that ignoring the coupling between hydrodynamic dispersion and chemical reactions leads to incorrect predictions of the rates of reactions along fluid flow paths and, in cases, of which reactions will occur.
Modifications of Thomae's Function and Differentiability

(2009). Modifications of Thomae's Function and Differentiability. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 116, No. 6, pp. 531-535.
Measurements of the Kapitza conductance between diamond and several metals.

The Kapitza conductance between isotopically enriched synthetic diamond and Ti, Al, Au, and Pb has been studied using picosecond optical techniques. For Ti and Al, which have Debye temperatures roughly 1/5 of that of diamond, the measured heat flow is in reasonable agreement with calculations of the phonon heat transport based on a simple lattice dynamical model. However, for Au and Pb, which have Debye temperatures 0.07 and 0.04 times that of diamond, the measured Kapitza conductances are as much as 100 times larger than expected, suggesting the existence of a second conductance mechanism.
The National Patient Library: Evidence-based Information for Consumers

A National Patient Library, a public/private partnership, is proposed to identify and vet information for consumers. Library staff will help tailor general information to consumers' specific needs. The library includes an electronic network. The principal focus of the library's information is controversial and experimental procedures, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.
Effect of a Back Belt on Reaching Postures

Abstract Objective The present study investigated the effect of a back belt on reach actions. Subjects Sixteen undergraduate college students (8 male students, 8 female students) ranging in age from 18 to 22 years. Thirteen subjects were included in the final analysis. Setting The Department of Psychology at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio Methods Using a well-established set of procedures developed in our laboratory for studying reaching, seated adult participants reached for and retrieved an object placed at various distances from them. Reach distances included values both closer than and farther than each subject's maximum seated reach. The reach task had 2 conditions: picking up and retrieving a small block and skewering and retrieving a small bead with a needle. For each task condition, each subject either wore the belt or did not use a belt. Results Results indicate that when subjects wore the belt while reaching, they tended to have initial transition points (sitting to nonsitting) closer to their bodies than while not wearing the belt. That is, for a distant object, subjects were more likely to raise their bodies out of the chair rather than perform an extreme seated reach, possibly acting to preserve a greater margin of safety. Conclusions The back belt consistently modified reaching postures by limiting extreme ranges of motion during a task that required enhanced stability. Furthermore, the methodology and analysis presented in this article when applied to chiropractic will allow us to begin thoughtful investigation of the effects of chiropractic adjustments on postural transitions and margin of safety.