cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early ischemic lesion recurrence within a week after acute ischemic stroke

Previous observations suggested that multiple ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are common in acute stroke patients. We hypothesized that a source of these multiple lesions was the recurrence of ischemic lesions within a week after a clinically symptomatic stroke. We analyzed 99 acute ischemic stroke patients scanned within 6 hours of onset and at subsequent times within the first week. Ischemic lesion recurrence was defined as any new lesion separate from the index lesion. Recurrent lesions occurring outside initial perfusion deficit were termed 'distant lesion recurrence'. We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of recurrence associated with clinical and imaging characteristics using log-rank test. Any lesion recurrence was found in 34%, with distant lesion recurrence in 15%, while clinical recurrence was evident in 2%. Initial multiple DWI lesions were associated with any lesion recurrence (HR, 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-10.29; p = 0.002) and with distant lesion recurrence (HR, 5.99; 95% CI, 4.05-64.07; p < 0.0001). Large-artery atherosclerosis was the most frequent stroke subtype associated with any lesion recurrence (p = 0.026). These results may indicate a prolonged state of increased ischemic risk over the first week and suggest DWI as a possible surrogate measure for recurrent stroke.
Yield performance and pest resistance among peanut genotypes when grown without fungicides or insecticides

Yield trials without fungicides or insecticides were conducted four consecutive years (2007–10) at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton Campus to evaluate for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pest resistance. The most endemic diseases in the southeast U.S. are tomato spotted wilt (TSW) caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus, white mold (WM) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, and both early and late leaf spot caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk & Curt.) Deighton, respectively. The most endemic insects are tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds) and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris). Results from these replicated field tests showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among advanced Georgia breeding lines and cultivars. Three Georgia cultivars ‘Georgia-01R’, ‘Georgia-05E’, and ‘Georgia-10T’ consistently produced among the best yields with high levels of resistance to TSW, white mold, leafhoppers, and leaf spot each year. Georgia-01R is a multiple-pest-resistant, runner-type cultivar with late maturity; whereas, Georgia-05E is a multiple-pest-resistant, virginia-type cultivar with medium-late maturity. Georgia-10T is a new runner-type cultivar with high level of TSWV and white mold resistance and late-maturity, similar to Georgia-01R, one of its parents. However, Georgia-10T does not appear to have the high level of leaf spot and leafhopper resistance as Georgia-01R, but it still had high yields in the absence of fungicides or insecticides.
Calculation of the Emissivity of Luminous Flames

Abstract A simple analytical basis for determining the total emissivity of luminous flames is developed. The analysis considers flames whose dominant emitting species are water vapor, carbon dioxide and soot particles. Calculations are made to illustrate the relative importance of gas and soot emission under typical flame conditions.
Role of sinoatrial node architecture in maintaining a balanced source-sink relationship and synchronous cardiac pacemaking.

Normal heart rhythm (sinus rhythm) depends on regular activity of the sinoatrial node (SAN), a heterogeneous collection of specialized myocytes in the right atrium. SAN cells, in general, possess a unique electrophysiological profile that promotes spontaneous electrical activity (automaticity). However, while automaticity is required for normal pacemaking, it is not necessarily sufficient. Less appreciated is the importance of the elaborate structure of the SAN complex for proper pacemaker function. Here, we review the important structural features of the SAN with a focus on how these elements help manage a precarious balance between electrical charge generated by the SAN (“source”) and the charge needed to excite the surrounding atrial tissue (“sink”). We also discuss how compromised “source-sink” balance due, for example to fibrosis, may promote SAN dysfunction, characterized by slow and/or asynchronous pacemaker activity and even failure, in the setting of cardiovascular disease (e.g. heart failure, atrial fibrillation). Finally, we discuss implications of the “source-sink” balance in the SAN complex for cell and gene therapies aimed at creating a biological pacemaker as replacement or bridge to conventional electronic pacemakers.
Relationships between coleoptile length and forage production and grain yield in rye, Secale cereale L.

The relationship between early postgermination growth and the amount of hybrid vigor expressed later in the life cycle was examined in rye. The coleoptile length, forage production at monthly intervals, and grain yield of a number of individuals from three diverse populations were measured in each of two years, 1968–69 and 1969–70. Substantial variation for coleoptile length was found within each population with coefficient of variation percentages ranging from 23 to 44. Correlated selection response values were used to relate coleoptile length to forage production and grain yield. In some combinations of populations, years and selection levels, selection on the basis of coleoptile length would be effective in altering forage production at monthly intervals and grain yield. However, the results were very inconsistent and erratic possibly because of the extreme heterozygosity and heterogeneity present within the polulations and the quantitative genetic nature of all characters measured. Apparently in rye, early postgermination growth as measured by coleoptile length is not closely associated with vigor expressed later in the life cycle.
The infrared spectrum of ammonium thiocyanate from 90 to 300°K

Abstract The infrared absorption spectra of NH 4 NCS, ND 4 NCS, and of a mixture of partially deuterated species has been studied between 300–4000 cm −1 in the form of polycrystalline films at temperatures ranging from about 90–300°K. Initially amorphous films were annealed, and after crystallization exhibited splittings of all the degenerate modes of the ammonium and thiocyanate ions. A previously unknown phase (II) was observed which transformed irreversibly into the room temperature phase (I) at about 207°K in NH 4 NCS and 189°K in ND 4 NCS. Approximate compliance constants were evaluated and used to predict the frequencies of the partially deuterated species of ammonium ion. A crystalline solid solution containing a mixture of these species revealed extensive fine structure, which is attributed to the fact that in addition to the site group splittings of the degenerate species of NH 3 D + and NH 2 D 2 + , the isotopic C 3 υ molecules occupy their sites in four distinguishable ways and NH 2 D 2 + occupies its site in six distinguishable orientations.
Atlantic Salmon Growth Efficiency as Affected by Temperature

Abstract A system was designed to measure the effects of temperature on the growth of fish. Water at six different temperatures (4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19°C) was delivered to test tanks in triplicate replication. Fifty 1.2-g Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were placed into each of the 18 tanks. The fish were weighed every 14 d for eight weighing periods (112 d). At the end of the study, the mean weights of fish held at 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19°C were 1.8, 3.5, 6.1, 10.1, 12.9, and 11.7 g, respectively. Condition factors (weight-to-length ratios) increased as temperature increased. Temperature units required per unit of growth were lowest at the intermediate temperatures and highest at the extremes.
Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging: regional variations in the corpus callosum and cortical gray matter.

Purpose To evaluate regional variations of metabolite concentrations in normal adult brain cortical gray matter regions, and the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Materials and Methods Quantitative, multislice proton MRSI (TR/TE = 2000/280 msec) was performed in 12 normal human volunteers (age = 39 ± 6 years, 7 male). Metabolite concentrations in selected cortical gray matter regions and the corpus callosum were estimated using the phantom replacement methodology. Results Frontal and parietal gray matter (PGM) showed strong differences in choline-containing compound (Cho) concentrations; in particular, Cho was higher in mesial frontal gray matter than in both dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P < 0.0005) and PGM (P < 0.004). In contrast, both N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine (Cr) were relatively uniformly distributed in the cortical gray matter regions evaluated. Significant metabolic differences were found between the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Cho concentrations were significantly higher in genu than splenium (P < 0.005), while Cr was lower (P < 0.004). NAA showed a trend to be higher in the splenium than the genu (P = 0.05). Conclusion Metabolite concentrations, particularly Cho, showed strong regional variations both within cortical gray matter regions and between the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. Mesial frontal regions showed the highest Cho signals. Differences in spectra presumably reflect underlying changes in structure and cellular composition. Normal spectral variations should always be considered when evaluating pathology within those brain regions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:175–179. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Sharp Inequality of Markov Type for Polynomials Associated with Laguerre Weight

The best possible constant A"n in an inequality of Markov type [ddx(e^-^xp"n(x))]"["0"," "~")=
Non-force-free solar magnetic fields in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium.

The objective of the paper is to examine a class of non-force-free fields analytically. Specifically, magnetic fields in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium with a plasma in a gravitational field are treated in an approximation of two independent variables but three vector components. Spherical coordinates are emphasized, although the formal results for cylindrical and Cartesian coordinates are presented in the appendices. Formal solutions for the magnetic-field components are obtained in terms of the plasma variables, and field line equations are derived. A final equation governing the plasma variables is then obtained. Procedures are developed for analyzing this equation and obtaining sets of self-consistent particular solutions to the governing equations; a number of such sets of solutions are presented. As an example, one solution set is examined, illustrating the application of the results to the analysis of solar observational data.
Interactive Computer Graphics and the Fault Problem: ABSTRACT

The treatment of faults is one of the greatest problems in the application of computers to petroleum exploration. Typically, too little information and too many alternative interpretations make analytic solutions economically unfeasible or otherwise unsatisfactory. Most computer techniques treat XYZ data points as though they are samples from a continuous surface. As a result, data points on opposite sides of faults are treated together with consequent distortion of analytically derived surfaces in the fault vicinity. Interactive computer graphics offers a solution. The geologist uses a light pen to interact with a series of graphic displays which enables him to (1) collect data on the position of fault surfaces from well logs, contour maps, and cross sections; (2) build umerical models of fault surfaces; (3) use the fault surfaces to separate data points on opposite sides of a fault; (4) build separate numerical surfaces from data points thus separated; (5) composite these surfaces with the fault surface to obtain a final model in which the surface is not distorted by the influence of points on opposite sides of the fault; (6) display the resultant model in the form of contour maps, cross sections, or perspective displays; and (7) iterate on the above process by altering End_Page 556------------------------------ points on the fault surfaces, defining additional faults, and exchanging points between fault surfaces, etc., until a final interpretation is reached. The computer performs the tedious tasks of information retrieval, numerical computation, and display generation, whereas the geologist uses his specific knowledge of the problem at hand to evaluate results and propose alternatives until a satisfactory interpretation is reached. The interpretations made in this interactive environment can be geologically and economically superior to those reached by entirely manual or entirely analytic methods. End_of_Article - Last_Page 557------------
Primary production off northwest Africa: the relationship to wind and nutrient conditions

Abstract The flux of carbon in a eutrophic coastal upwelling region was studied in the Cap Blanc area off northwest Africa from March through May 1974. Primary production was consistently between 1 and 3 g C m −2 day −1 except inshore, where turbidity limited light penetration. Productivity reached a maximum in the mid-shelf zone and then decreased as the water moved offshore and nutrient levels declined. Chlorophyll a averaged 63 mg m −2 and was distributed similarly to carbon fixation. Assimilation numbers were inversely related to the intensity of the northeast trade wind. Photosynthesis was depressed during periods of deep mixing because the phytoplankton were maintained at an average depth corresponding to about the 10% light level. The data indicate that mixing can limit primary productivity on a time scale of days and can make the difference between a moderately productive and highly productive upwelling system.
Synovial fluid levels of complement SC5b-9 and fragment Bb are elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

To determine whether complement turnover in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reflects activation by the classical or alternative pathway, we used novel immunoassays to measure products of complement activation (the membrane attack complex SC5b-9 and the cleavage fragments Bb and C4d). Mean synovial fluid levels of SC5b-9 were more than 8 times higher in RA than in crystal-induced arthritis (gout and pseudogout) and over 16 times higher than in degenerative joint disease (DJD). Similarly, Bb levels were more than 3 times higher in RA synovial fluids than in crystal-induced arthritis and over 7 times higher than in DJD. Levels of C4d did not differ among the groups. SC5b-9 levels correlated with synovial fluid C3 anaphylatoxin (C3a), Bb, and C4d levels (r = 0.81, 0.62, and 0.51, respectively). In patients with RA, synovial fluid SC5b-9 levels correlated with C3a and Bb (r = 0.6 and 0.56, respectively) but not with C4d. Therefore, novel assays for complement activation indicate that both classical and alternative pathways are involved in complement turnover and that the alternative pathway contributes more to complement activation in RA than in DJD or crystal-induced arthritis.
FROM ADDICTION TO ABSTINENCE: MAXIMIZING THE CHANCES OF SUCCESS

While advances in neuroscience have clearly delineated the areas of the brain that are affected by mood-altering drugs, the success rate of treatment for people dependent upon or addicted to these drugs remains essentially unchanged over the last several decades. This is due in large part to paying inadequate attention to the craving that occurs after discontinuing a mood-altering drug that produces physical dependency. This article will review the changes that occur when one becomes physically dependent on a mood-altering drug and the process to follow in order to maximize the chances of success in maintaining abstinence when drug use has been discontinued.
On board assistant to GPS navigation of vehicles

This study explores the use of inter vehicle communication to enhance road safety and traffic management. A vehicle's engine control unit (ECU) manages and controls various sensor signals and determines the output in terms of torque, fuel quantity and actuator positions. The data available in the ECU is however restricted only to that particular vehicle where it was generated. This work presents a scenario where critical data from each vehicle is broadcasted and a dynamic adhoc network of vehicles is formed. The algorithms in the ECU then detect possible collisions, decide which vehicle should take action and alert the driver with the most optimum response. The analysis presented here is based on simulation data. Traffic management is achieved with modules placed along the road, which collect the broadcasted data. Modules, after analyzing traffic density and average speeds, interact with neighboring modules. This traffic information is broadcasted to all vehicles in close proximity to the traffic modules. The vehicle uses this information along with details from the navigation system to reroute the automobile to avoid high traffic areas.
Dynamics of digging in wet soil

Numerous animals live in, and locomote through, subsea soils. To move in a medium dominated by frictional interactions, many of these animals have adopted unique burrowing strategies. This paper presents a burrowing model inspired by the Atlantic razor clam (Ensis directus), which uses deformations of its body to cyclically loosen and re-pack the surrounding soil in order to locally manipulate burrowing drag. The model reveals how an anisotropic body ‐ composed of a cylinder and sphere varying sinusoidally in size and relative displacement ‐ achieves unidirectional motion through a medium with variable frictional properties. This net displacement is attained even though the body kinematics are reciprocal and inertia of both the model organism and the surrounding medium are negligible. Our results indicate that body aspect ratio has a strong e ect on burrowing velocity and e ciency, with a well-defined maximum for given kinematics and soil material properties.
Th-doped URu2Si2: influence of “Kondo holes” on coexisting superconductivity and magnetism

Abstract The effect of thorium impurities on superconductivity and antiferromagnetism, which coexist below the superconducting critical temperature T c , has been investigated in the heavy electron compound URu 2 Si 2 . The substitution of up to 5 at% Th for U was found to (1) enhance the low temperature normal state magnetic susceptibility and electronic specific heat coefficient γ, (2) broaden the superconducting and antiferromagnetic transitions, (3) suppress the specific heat jump associated with the superconductivity at T c and antiferromagnetism at the Neel temperature T N , and (4) induce a Kondo-like minimum in the electrical resistivity at low temperatures. The increase in γ and decrease in T N and the antiferromagnetic energy gap Δ with negative “chemical pressure” associated with the substitution of Th for U correlates with the decrease in γ and increase in T N and Δ upon application of an external pressure.
Consistent landmark and intensity-based image registration

Two new consistent image registration algorithms are presented: one is based on matching corresponding landmarks and the other is based on matching both landmark and intensity information. The consistent landmark and intensity registration algorithm produces good correspondences between images near landmark locations by matching corresponding landmarks and away from landmark locations by matching the image intensities. In contrast to similar unidirectional algorithms, these new consistent algorithms jointly estimate the forward and reverse transformation between two images while minimizing the inverse consistency error-the error between the forward (reverse) transformation and the inverse of the the reverse (forward) transformation. This reduces the ambiguous correspondence between the forward and reverse transformations associated with large inverse consistency errors. In both algorithms a thin-plate spline (TPS) model is used to regularize the estimated transformations. Two-dimensional (2-D) examples are presented that show the inverse consistency error produced by the traditional unidirectional landmark TPS algorithm can be relatively large and that this error is minimized using the consistent landmark algorithm. Results using 2-D magnetic resonance imaging data are presented that demonstrate that using landmark and intensity information together produce better correspondence between medical images than using either landmarks or intensity information alone.
Head Start Classrooms and Children's School Readiness Benefit from Teachers' Qualifications and Ongoing Training

Teacher qualifications have been emphasized as a basis of professional development to improve classroom practices for at-risk children’s school readiness. However, teacher qualifications have often not been compared to another form of professional development, in-service training. The current study attempts to investigate contributions of multiple types of professional development to school readiness skills of low-income preschoolers. Specifically, we examined the significance of teachers’ education level, degree, teaching certificate, teaching experiences as well as specialized in-service training and coaching support as these teacher trainings are linked to preschoolers’ school readiness through proximal classroom practices. We used a multi-level path analysis to examine multiple pathways from teachers’ professional development to classroom environments and school readiness with Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey 2003 (N = 2,159). Teachers with an early childhood education major provided higher-quality provision for learning and social-emotional practices in the classroom; teachers who received coaching provided higher-quality social-emotional and parent involvement practices. Further, children in higher-quality social-emotional classrooms had better math skills, social skills and learning behaviors; children in the classrooms with higher-quality parent involvement practices had higher receptive vocabulary and parent-reported social skills and positive approaches to learning. Along with early childhood education degree, ongoing coaching support would work effectively, improving classroom environments and a broad array of school readiness skills of at-risk children.
Cardiac Entrapment During Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement

Reduced exposure during minimally invasive valve operations poses new difficulties in intraoperative management. Transesophageal echocardiography improves intraoperative management. During a minimally invasive aortic valve replacement, we encountered unexpected hypotension due to mechanical compression of the right ventricle against the sternum. Transesophageal echocardiography facilitated rapid diagnosis of this problem. Surgeons performing these procedures should be aware of this potential problem.
A critical assessment of interatomic potentials for ceria with application to its elastic properties

We critically assess the materials fidelity of six interatomic potentials for ceria, based on predicted lattice constants, thermal expansion, chemical expansion, dielectric properties, oxygen migration energy and mechanical properties. While, no potential can reproduce all fundamental properties, the Gotte (2007) and Grimes potentials display the combination of highest fidelity with the widest range of applicability. The simulations show that sub-stoichiometry leads to a significant softening of the elastic constant, which is consistent with the experimental results. Similar results are observed for doped-ceria systems.
Photonic crystal based all-optical pressure sensor

This paper presents the first-ever vertical silicon nanowire array based all-optical pressure sensor. Vertical silicon nanowire arrays with photonic crystal structure, can selectively trap or diffract light, depending on the optical wavelength, nanowire diameter, and nanowire pitch spacing. Here, we realize an all-optical pressure sensor by fabricating controllable vertical silicon nanowire arrays on a Si/SiO 2 membrane. Applying hydrostatic pressure bends the membrane, leading to membrane color change due to the modulation of the nanowire pitch and deflection angle. By acquiring the membrane image with a camera, the color image can be cross-correlated with a calibration data set to calculate pressure.
A diplomat's economics: reciprocity in the Uruguay Round negotiations

A diplomat's jurisprudence, as Bob Hudec characterized the early GATT legal system, was a compromise between jurisprudence as understood by lawyers and the reality of the limited influence trade negotiators had over national trade policy decisions. A diplomat's economics was a parallel compromise between economics as understood by economists and the reality of the many objectives that governments hoped the GATT would serve. As the GATT evolved into the WTO and took on more complicated areas of economic policy, its jurisprudence evolved with it, but its economics remained the same. When the bargain was tariff concessions versus tariff concessions, the difference between mercantilist economics and real economics did not matter, but in the new areas the WTO took on at the Uruguay Round it does matter. There is such a thing as comparative advantage among institutions, and in the new areas the WTO is at a comparative disadvantage relative to the international development banks.
Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Induces Apoptosis in Cultured Cells

The importance of influenza viruses as worldwide pathogens in humans, domestic animals, and poultry is well recognized. Discerning how influenza viruses interact with the host at a cellular level is crucial for a better understanding of viral pathogenesis. Influenza viruses induce apoptosis through mechanisms involving the interplay of cellular and viral factors that may depend on the cell type. However, it is unclear which viral genes induce apoptosis. In these studies, we show that the expression of the nonstructural (NS) gene of influenza A virus is sufficient to induce apoptosis in MDCK and HeLa cells. Further studies showed that the multimerization domain of the NS1 protein but not the effector domain is required for apoptosis. However, this mutation is not sufficient to inhibit apoptosis using whole virus.
The Science Keystone

This chapter focuses on the science keystone. It illustrates that Antarctica is a land of extremes, offering precious perspectives on the Earth system and its relation to humankind. Moreover, in Antarctica, science has the added value of being a central pillar for the ‘‘firm foundation’’ of international cooperation. Essentially, science offers a method and philosophy for studying and managing the world individual live in. Perspectives of time and space— that are fundamental to science—place events, entities, and phenomena in context across gradients and continua: bigger or smaller, faster or slower, older or younger. In essence, science provides objective references for integrating information and for understanding the complexities of the world. Across generations, science has stimulated continuity in the world by building on an ever expanding base of knowledge. However, beyond understanding the Earth system or even human tendencies, it is the ‘‘common ground’’ feature of science that is most important in our society—providing an objective framework for dialogue among diverse stakeholders. The chapter concludes that like an international language, science engenders communication and education among diverse stakeholders. Across time and space, with vision toward the distant future, science is the keystone for the ‘‘progress of all mankind.”
Optimal Sample Size in Two-Action Problems When the Sample Observations Are Lognormal and the Precision h Is Known

Necessary and sufficient conditions are stated for a sample of size n to be optimal when sampling is Lognormal, the precision h is known, and the terminal decision problem is two act, linear value in the mean of the sampling process. A nomogram for computing optimal sample size is presented.
Temporal variability of urinary cadmium in spot urine samples and first morning voids

Cadmium is a carcinogenic heavy metal. Urinary levels of cadmium are considered to be an indicator of long-term body burden, as cadmium accumulates in the kidneys and has a half-life of at least 10 years. However, the temporal stability of the biomarker in urine samples from a non-occupationally exposed population has not been rigorously established. We used repeated measurements of urinary cadmium (U-Cd) in spot urine samples and first morning voids from two separate cohorts, to assess the temporal stability of the samples. Urine samples from two cohorts including individuals of both sexes were measured for cadmium and creatinine. The first cohort (Home Observation of Perinatal Exposure (HOPE)) consisted of 21 never-smokers, who provided four first morning urine samples 2–5 days apart, and one additional sample roughly 1 month later. The second cohort (World Trade Center-Health Program (WTC-HP)) consisted of 78 individuals, including 52 never-smokers, 22 former smokers and 4 current smokers, who provided 2 spot urine samples 6 months apart, on average. Intra-class correlation was computed for groups of replicates from each individual to assess temporal variability. The median creatinine-adjusted U-Cd level (0.19 and 0.21 μg/g in the HOPE and WTC-HP, respectively) was similar to levels recorded in the United States by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The intra-class correlation (ICC) was high (0.76 and 0.78 for HOPE and WTC-HP, respectively) and similar between cohorts, irrespective of whether samples were collected days or months apart. Both single spot or first morning urine cadmium samples show good to excellent reproducibility in low-exposure populations.
Vascular permeability and epithelial transport effects on lung edema formation in ischemia and reperfusion

To determine the role of various Na+ transport systems in the edema fluid accumulation after ischemia and reperfusion in the lung, we evaluated the effect of amiloride (a Na+ channel blocker), ouabain (a Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase blocker), and phloridzin (a Na(+)-glucose cotransport blocker) in isolated rat lungs. Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) significantly increased the edema accumulation, with the wet-to-dry weight ratios increasing to 10.14 +/- 0.58 from 6.03 +/- 0.05 in control lungs (P < 0.04). Amiloride significantly augmented the amount of edema fluid (wet-to-dry weight ratio 12.26 +/- 0.77), and ouabain further increased the amount of edema (wet-to-dry weight ratio 18.58 +/- 1.00). Phloridzin did not significantly affect edema formation associated with I/R. Isoproterenol decreased the amount of edema formation in the presence and absence of amiloride. This occurred because the endothelial permeability as assessed by filtration coefficient was restored to normal values and less edema formed. The present study indicates that Na+ channels and Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase, components of the active Na+ absorption transport system, are very important in opposing edema fluid accumulation in rat lungs subjected to I/R injury and operate as an edema safety factor. However, if the endothelial damage associated with I/R is allowed to persist, then the transport processes, even if operative, are insufficient to prevent continuous edema accumulation.
Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate.

AbstractThe symptoms and physical findings in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate were similar to those in patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Usually the neoplasm was poorly differentiated and advanced when the diagnosis was first established. Osseous metastases were commonly osteolytic. Frequently, elevations of serum alkaline or acid phosphatase levels were associated with metastasis. Tartrate-inhibited fractions of the serum acid phosphatase were not elevated. The best form of treatment is radical ablation of the prostate and radiation therapy is next best. Because these neoplasms are not hormonally dependent, hormonal manipulation is not indicated. Prognosis for patients with this malignancy is guarded.
Transposition of the Great Arteries

Discussions of the various presenting forms of transposition and initial management of the infant in terms of relief of cyanosis and control of congestive heart failure precede a description of the author’s technique of palliation by balloon atrioseptostomy, which provides for adequate intracardiac mixing until total surgical correction can be performed.
Two Kinds of Power: Insight Into The Legacy Of Patrick Wilson

Among Patrick Wilson’s most influential books was Two Kinds of Power, which has influenced scholars in information science, and particularly in knowledge organization. Tools of domain analysis are used to analyze the corpus of literature that cites Two kinds of power. Aboutness and relevance are demonstrated keys to this specialization. Parmi les livres les plus influents de Patrick Wilson, on retrouve Two kinds of power, qui a influence les disciples des sciences de l’information, particulierement dans l’organisation des connaissances. Des outils de l’analyse de domaine sont utilises pour analyser le corpus de litterature qui cite Two kinds of power. L’a-propos et la pertinence sont des cles manifestes de cette specialisation.
Scalable Private Blocking Technique for Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage

Record linkage is the process of matching records from multiple databases that refer to the same entities and it has become an increasingly important subject in many application areas, including business, government, and health. When we collect data which is about people from these areas, integrating such data across organizations can raise privacy concerns. To prevent privacy breaches, ideally records should be linked in a private way such that no information other than the matching result is leaked in the process, this technique is called privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL). Scalability is one of the main challenges in PPRL, therefore, many private blocking techniques have been developed for PPRL. They are aimed at reducing the number of record pairs to be compared in the matching process by removing obvious non-matching pairs without compromising privacy. However, they vary widely in their ability to balance competing goals of accuracy, efficiency and security. In this paper, we propose a novel private blocking approach for PPRL based on dynamic k-anonymous blocking and Paillier cryptosystem. In dynamic k-anonymous blocking, our approach dynamically generates blocks satisfying k-anonymity and more accurate values to represent the blocks with varying k. We also propose a novel similarity measure method which performs on the numerical attributes and combines with Paillier cryptosystem to measure the similarity of two blocks in security, which provides strong privacy guarantees that none information reveals. Experiments conducted on a public dataset of voter registration records validate that our approach is scalable to large databases and keeps a high quality of blocking. We compare our method with other techniques and demonstrate the increases in security and accuracy.
Toma de imágenes molecular del cáncer de próstata: análisis de rendimiento de 68Ga-PSMA PET/TC frente a PET/TC colina

Resumen Introduccion Es necesaria una toma de imagenes precisa y fiable para mejorar el manejo del cancer de prostata. Durante los ultimos anos la PET/TC colina ha cambiado el manejo del cancer de prostata en Europa, y se utiliza comunmente para la estadificacion inicial o para diagnostico de la recurrencia bioquimica, aunque no carece de limitaciones. Otros marcadores estan a prueba, incluyendo el ligando del antigeno prostatico especifico de membrana (PSMA), que parece ofrecer perspectivas alentadoras. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar criticamente la actuacion de la colina y PSMA PET/TC en el cancer de prostata. Adquisicion de la evidencia Se realizo una revision sistematica de la literatura en la base de datos PUBMED/MEDLINE y EMBASE mediante la busqueda de articulos de texto completo en ingles publicados en el marcador PET en el cancer de prostata en la aplicacion clinica. Sintesis de la evidencia y Discusion Parece que 68Ga-PSMA PET/TC es mejor que PET/TC en el cancer de prostata para la deteccion de lesiones de prostata primarias, la deteccion inicial de metastasis en los ganglios linfaticos y la recurrencia. Sin embargo, se necesitan mas estudios para obtener pruebas de alto nivel. Ademas, en esta revision se analizan futuros otros marcadores de PET. Por otra parte, la aparicion de una nueva camara PET/RM puede cambiar el rendimiento de la toma de imagenes mediante PET.
Design of a wide dynamic range rectifier array with an adaptive power distribution technique

This paper presents the design of a wide dynamic range rectifier array using a novel adaptive power distribution method. In such a rectifier array, the RF input power is distributed among multiple rectifier devices adaptively, according to their impedances as a function of input power level. Such a rectifier array can achieve high rectification efficiency and low reflection coefficient over a wide range of power levels. The method is experimentally verified with a 900 MHz two-device rectifier array, and demonstrated an efficiency higher than 50% over 17 dB dynamic range (10 dB wider than a conventional rectifier design using the same devices) with a peak efficiency of 66%.
Nest-site selection and nest success of an Arctic-breeding passerine, Smith's Longspur, in a changing climate

ABSTRACT Despite changes in shrub cover and weather patterns associated with climate change in the Arctic, little is known about the breeding requirements of most passerines tied to northern regions. We investigated the nesting biology and nest habitat characteristics of Smith's Longspurs (Calcarius pictus) in 2 study areas in the Brooks Range of Alaska, USA. First, we examined variation in nesting phenology in relation to local temperatures. We then characterized nesting habitat and analyzed nest-site selection for a subset of nests (n = 86) in comparison with paired random points. Finally, we estimated the daily survival rate of 257 nests found in 2007–2013 with respect to both habitat characteristics and weather variables. Nest initiation was delayed in years with snow events, heavy rain, and freezing temperatures early in the breeding season. Nests were typically found in open, low-shrub tundra, and never among tall shrubs (mean shrub height at nests = 26.8 ± 6.7 cm). We observed weak nest-site select...
Exacerbation of Mild Hypoxia on Acute Radiation Syndrome and Subsequent Mortality

Mild hypoxia induced by 20% hemorrhage results in increases in few cytokine concentrations and sclerostin levels in blood, but shows no changes in bone formation, bone marrow cellularity, and gastrointestinal (GI) integrity and no systemic bacterial infection as well as no subsequent mortality. On the other hand, severe hypoxia induced by 40% hemorrhage causes significant increases in most cytokine concentrations, GI injury, lung injury, systemic bacterial infection, cellular ATP reduction and subsequent mortality. The severe hypoxia drastically damages GI and lung morphology, elevates cytokine concentrations in blood and increases inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in cells that is mediated by transcription factors NF-κB/NF-IL6, subsequently producing free radicals that disrupt mitochondria. ATP depletion, p53 phosphorylation, and caspase-3 activation are found, suggesting cell apoptosis. As a result, mortality occurs. However, when mild hypoxia follows ionizing radiation, the mild hypoxia significantly enhances radiation- induced mortality and acute radiation syndrome, including injury of bone marrow, GI, kidney, and lung. The synergism also occurs at the molecular level, resulting in alteration of microRNAs, amplification of iNOS expression, cytokine increases, sepsis, and ATP depletion. This is the first demonstration of synergistic effects between mild hypoxia and ionizing radiation.
Penile Self-amputation

Background A 24-year-old man was urgently transferred from an outside institution after self-amputating his penis. Methods The patient was suffering from a paranoid schizophrenic delusional episode. Voices told him to amputate his own penis with a utility knife. He was taken emergently to the operating room by urology and plastic surgery. Cystoscopy was performed and a 14F percutaneous suprapubic catheter was placed. The amputated distal penis and the proximal stump were debrided. The urethra, dorsal artery, and neurovascular bundles were mobilized. The distal urethra was spatulated dorsally and the proximal urethra was spatulated ventrally. The urethra was reanastomosed over a 16F Foley catheter with interrupted, 4–0 absorbable, monofilament suture. The corpora were reanastomosed with interrupted, 2–0 and 3–0, absorbable, monofilament suture. The arteries and nerve were reanastomosed. Total ischemia time was between 4 and 5 hours. Results The patient initially developed edema, ecchymosis, and mild incisional skin necrosis from the resulting reperfusion injury. However, the penile graft successfully maintained perfusion. He was discharged 2 weeks after his injury in stable psychiatric condition. His Foley catheter and suprapubic tube remained in place for 10 weeks. A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) demonstrated a patent urethra without evidence of urinary leakage or stricture. At the time of his VCUG, he experienced return of distal penile sensation and partial erections. Conclusion Penile reimplantation after self-amputation is successful if ischemic time is minimized and a multidisciplinary approach with plastic surgery and microvascular anastomosis is performed.
Cyber abuse among men arrested for domestic violence: cyber monitoring moderates the relationship between alcohol problems and intimate partner violence

Objective We provide the first investigation of the prevalence and frequency of cyber abuse among men arrested for domestic violence (DV). We also offer the first conceptualization of cyber monitoring, a facet of cyber abuse, within the I3 theory of IPV. That is, the risk of IPV perpetration may be higher for men with alcohol problems who also frequently access emotionally-salient instigatory cues, namely, information gleaned from cyber monitoring. Thus, we hypothesized that alcohol problems would positively relate to IPV perpetration among men who engaged in high, but not low, levels of cyber monitoring. Methods Using a cross-sectional sample of 216 men arrested for DV and court-referred to batterer intervention programs (BIPs), we explored the prevalence and frequency of cyber abuse perpetration and victimization. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses tested the interaction between cyber monitoring and alcohol problems predicting IPV perpetration (psychological aggression and physical assault). Results Eighty-one percent of men endorsed perpetrating at least one act of cyber abuse in the year prior to entering BIPs. Alcohol problems and both psychological and physical IPV perpetration positively related at high, but not low, levels of cyber monitoring. Conclusion Clinicians should assess for cyber abuse and alcohol use among DV offenders. Amendments to legal statutes for DV offenders should consider incorporating common uses of technology into legal definitions of stalking and harassment. Social media campaigns and BIPs should increase individuals' awareness of the criminal charges that may result from some forms of cyber abuse and monitoring.
Segregation, Ethnic Favoritism, and the Strategic Targeting of Local Public Goods:

This article demonstrates that ethnic segregation is a key determinant of local public goods provision. We argue that this results from politicians’ strategic engagement in ethnic favoritism: Only ...
QT Dispersion: A Predictor of Outcome Following Acute Neurologic Events

P26 BACKGROUND: QT dispersion (QTD) reflects heterogeneity of myocardial repolarization, which is modulated by the central nervous system. Pervious studies have shown increased QTD to be a predictor of adverse outcome in various cardiac disease states. However, the central nervous system effects on QTD and its relation to functional outcomes have not been previously studied in patients with acute neurological events (NE). The objective of this study was to determine whether increased QTD is related to functional outcome in patients with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). METHODS: We studied 140 consecutive pts. aged 72±10 yrs. (48% male) admitted to our institution with NE from 1/98 to 4/98. QTD was calculated from admission EKG as the difference between maximum and minimum QT intervals. 120 pts. had interpretable EKGs with measurable QT intervals in at least 11 of 12 leads. Three separate functional scales (NIHSS, Barthel, and Rankin) were obtained on admission and discharge were recorded. RESULTS: QTD was higher in pts. with intracerebral hemorrhage as compared to CVA and TIA (70±15 vs. 53±27 vs. 48±31 msecs. p=0.03). Increased QTD was associated with lower functional outcome on all 3 scales (all p CONCLUSION: QTD is an independent predictor of functional outcome and mortality following acute neurological events. In this setting, QTD reflects acute neurological injury as well as underlying heart disease. The mechanism of these findings merits further study.
Value Theory and Communication Research: Review and Commentary

This article presents the latest formulation of value theory, reviews relevant research findings, and considers their implications for theory and research in human communication. Because of various...
Going above and beyond: Exemplar diversity training in pediatric psychology

Diversity and health disparities have been highlighted as 1 of the 10 core crosscutting knowledge competencies for pediatric psychology training. Specifics about the actual implementation and integration of diversity training across various types of pediatric psychology programs are largely unknown. We surveyed program directors of graduate and predoctoral internship programs listed on the Society of Pediatric Psychology website (N 103) about their diversity training experiences that went above and beyond what is typically required (e.g., graduate courses, continuing education). We received responses from 23 programs; 14 of these programs reported having expanded diversity training primarily at the readiness for practice (n 15) level, followed by readiness for practicum (n 5) and readiness for graduate school (n 2) levels. Seven programs had diversity training that spanned more than 1 training level. We provided in-depth descriptions of exemplar diversity training at 5 programs spanning multiple training levels. Institutions aiming to integrate diversity programming into their training, with the goal of meeting recommended guidelines, can use this article as a practical guide. Future studies exploring the impact of integrated diversity training and impact on students at varying developmental levels are needed.
Robust constraints and novel gamma-ray signatures of dark matter that interacts strongly with nucleons

Due to shielding, direct detection experiments are in some cases insensitive to dark matter candidates with very large scattering cross sections with nucleons. In this paper, we revisit this class of models and derive a simple analytic criterion for conservative but robust direct detection limits. While large spin-independent cross sections seem to be ruled out, we identify potentially viable parameter space for dark matter with a spin-dependent cross section with nucleons in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}27}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{DM}\ensuremath{-}p}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. With these parameters, cosmic-ray scattering with dark matter in the extended halo of the Milky Way could generate a novel and distinctive gamma-ray signal at high galactic latitudes. Such a signal could be observable by Fermi or future space-based gamma-ray telescopes.