cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CaMKIIα knockout protects from ischemic neuronal cell death after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Abstract CaMKIIα plays a dual role in synaptic plasticity, as it can mediate synaptic changes in opposing directions. We hypothesized that CaMKIIα plays a similar dual role also in neuronal cell death and survival. Indeed, the CaMKII inhibitor tatCN21 is neuroprotective when added during or after excitotoxic/ischemic insults, but was described to cause sensitization when applied long-term prior to such insult. However, when comparing long-term CaMKII inhibition by several different inhibitors in neuronal cultures, we did not detect any sensitization. Likewise, in a mouse in vivo model of global cerebral ischemia (cardiac arrest followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation), complete knockout of the neuronal CaMKIIα isoform did not cause sensitization but instead significant neuroprotection.
Refining of Particulates at Stimuli-Responsive Interfaces: Label-Free Sorting and Isolation.

The mechanism of separation methods, e.g. liquid chromatography, is realized through rapid multiple adsorption-desorption steps leading to the dynamic equilibrium state in a mixture of molecules with different partition coefficients. Sorting of colloidal particles, including protein complexes, cells, and viruses, is limited due to a high energy barrier, up to millions kT , required to detach particles from the interface, which is in dramatic contrast to a few kT for small molecules. Such a strong interaction renders particle adsorption quasi-irreversible. The dynamic adsorption-desorption equilibrium is approached very slowly, if ever attainable. This limitation is alleviated with a local oscillating repulsive mechanical force generated at the microstructured stimuli-responsive polymer interface to switch between adsorption and mechanical-force-facilitated desorption of the particles. Such a dynamic regime enables the separation of colloidal mixtures based on the particle-polymer interface affinity, and it could find use in research, diagnostics, and industrial-scale label-free sorting of highly asymmetric mixtures of colloids and cells.
Tourism development and happiness: A residents’ perspective

Abstract This study investigates the empirical relationship between tourism development and happiness from the perspective of locals in a small island destination. The study provides insights into how residents assess their own happiness and how those assessments depart from traditional well-being indicators by examining the mediating relationships among both income and non-income factors, i.e. quality of life and comparisons of life situations. The results reveal that tourism development and happiness are positively correlated but the association between these variables is slim and not exclusive. Furthermore, the structural equation model reveals that the large impact of non-income factors, such as social comparisons, matters to happiness.
Glucose/mitochondria in neurological conditions.

Publisher Summary A relationship between impairments of glucose oxidation and deficiencies in neurological function was recognized even before the major metabolic pathways of glucose utilization had been worked out. The impairments of glucose and mitochondrial function are the important causes of brain dysfunction and therefore of brain disease. Abnormalities have been found in association with the disease of the nervous system in most of the components of glucose/mitochondrial metabolism. Brain glucose oxidation is abnormal in common diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer disease and other dementias, Parkinson disease, delirium, probably schizophrenia and other psychoses, and cerebrovascular disease. Defects in a single component and even a single mutation can be associated with different clinical phenotypes. The same clinical phenotype can result from different genotypes. The complex relationship between biological abnormality in brain glucose utilization and clinical disorder is similar to that in other disorders that have been intensively studied at the genetic level. Genes for the components of the pathways of brain glucose oxidation are good candidate genes for disease of the brain. Preliminary data support the proposal that treatments to normalize abnormalities in brain glucose oxidation may benefit many patients with common brain diseases.
Morphological Changes in Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate Granules Associated with Decreased Susceptibility to Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Abstract Merrick, J. M. (State University of New York, Buffalo), D. G. Lundgren, and R. M. Pfister. Morphological changes in poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules associated with decreased susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. J. Bacteriol. 89:234–239. 1965.—A complex enzyme system obtained from extracts of Rhodospirillum rubrum cells hydrolyzes poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) contained in native PHB granules isolated from Bacillus megaterium. A labile factor associated with the granules and necessary for depolymerization is easily destroyed by various chemical and physical treatments. Granules inactivated by these treatments were examined in an electron microscope. In all cases, the distinct morphological appearance of native granules was altered. Morphological changes were mainly characterized by membrane fragmentation, loss of coalescence, and surface alterations. These observations suggest that native PHB granules possess definite structural features, disruption of which results in decreased susceptibility of the polymer to enzymatic hydrolysis.
Oncogenic basis of radiation resistance

Publisher Summary Oncogenes play an important role in the regulation of cellular resistance to ionizing radiation. This chapter reviews some of that evidence and attempt to formulate the themes underlying the oncogenic basis of radiation resistance. Cellular radiation sensitivity is a complex function of diverse molecular, biochemical, genetic, or environmental factors. Ionizing radiation induces multiple cellular and biological effects either by direct interaction with DNA or through the formation of free radical species leading to DNA damage. These effects include cell cycle-specific growth arrest, the repair of DNA damage, radical-scavenging proteins, gene mutations, malignant transformation, and cell killing. Some of these genes ( ras, raf, cot, mos , and myc ) demonstrate a cooperative effect toward radiation resistance. The possibility of a selective interaction among these proteins analogous to that involved in signal transduction leads to cell growth and proliferation or differentiation. Perturbations in the cell cycle (G 1 or G 2 arrest) and cell cycle-related proteins appear to be important factors contributing to cell survival. An important aspect of the radiation survival response is its regulation at the level of the cell cycle. The modulation of radiation resistance, mitogenic signals, radiation response, and causes or effects of radiation-resistant phenotype are also discussed in the chapter.
High-intensity focused ultrasound monitoring using harmonic motion imaging for focused ultrasound (HMIFU) under boiling or slow denaturation conditions

Harmonic motion imaging for focused ultrasound (HMIFU) is a recently developed high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment monitoring method that utilizes an amplitude-modulated therapeutic ultrasound beam to induce an oscillatory radiation force at the HIFU focus and estimates the focal tissue displacement to monitor the HIFU thermal treatment. In this study, the performance of HMIFU under acoustic, thermal, and mechanical effects was investigated. The performance of HMIFU was assessed in ex vivo canine liver specimens (n = 13) under slow denaturation or boiling regimes. A passive cavitation detector (PCD) was used to assess the acoustic cavitation activity, and a bare-wire thermocouple was used to monitor the focal temperature change. During lesioning with slow denaturation, high quality displacements (correlation coefficient above 0.97) were observed under minimum cavitation noise, indicating the tissue initial-softeningthen- stiffening property change. During HIFU with boiling, HMIFU monitored a consistent change in lesion-to-background displacement contrast (0.46 ± 0.37) despite the presence of strong cavitation noise due to boiling during lesion formation. Therefore, HMIFU effectively monitored softening-then-stiffening during lesioning under slow denaturation, and detected lesioning under boiling with a distinct change in displacement contrast under boiling in the presence of cavitation. In conclusion, HMIFU was shown under both boiling and slow denaturation regimes to be effective in HIFU monitoring and lesioning identification without being significantly affected by cavitation noise.
A Review of “The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Daily Life in Roman Palestine”

According to Hezser, “the time has come for a new comprehensive volume that provides an overview of the state of scholarship into ancient Jewish everyday life, and offers guidelines for the future ...
Effects of exposure to time-excess temperature histories typically experienced at power plants on the hatching success of fish eggs

Abstract Blueback herring, alewife, American shad, white perch and striped bass eggs were subjected to time-temperature histories typically experienced by organisms that are either carried through the once-through cooling system of a power plant, or are entrained into the thermal plume without passing through the plant. The maximum excess temperature tested ranged from 6–10 °C and the time of exposure to a maximum AT from 2.5–60 min. The period of cooling to the final temperature ranged from 60–300 min. For each species, six to eight experiments were run on six to twelve sub-samples of 200–400 eggs from a single female. Several different stages of development were tested. Analyses of variance showed that for each species the differences in hatching success among the various time-temperature treatments, including the control treatment, were not significant at the 1 % level. Further, for each species the mean hatching success of the controls did not differ significantly from the mean hatching successes associated with any of the experimental time-temperature treatments. The investigator concludes that exposure of fish eggs of the species and development stages tested to these timetemperature histories does not significantly affect their hatching success.
LCSW Examination Pass Rates: Implications for Social Work Education

State licensure pass rates are a commonly used indicator of professional academic program quality. To date, social work education has largely ignored the existence of the crucial LCSW examination and of its importance to MSW graduates seeking careers in clinical practice. This information should become more transparent and carefully considered by MSW faculty and administrators when evaluating the effectiveness of one’s program in preparing its graduates for careers in clinical practice. Three years worth of LCSW examination pass rate data are provided for MSW programs within the state of Florida, illustrating the value of this heretofore hidden information. The implications of providing this data to the public are discussed.
Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City

Understanding factors associated with recent HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) is important for designing interventions to increase testing rates and link cases to care. A cross-sectional study of MSM was conducted in NYC in 2011 using venue-based sampling. Associations between HIV testing in the past 12 months and relevant variables were examined through the estimation of prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Of 448 participants, 107 (23.9 %) had not been tested in the past 12 months. Factors independently associated with not testing in the previous 12 months were: lack of a visit to a healthcare provider in the past 12 months (aPR: 2.5; 95 % CI: 1.9, 3.2); age ≥30 (adjusted PR: 1.9; 95 % CI: 1.4, 2.7); not having completed a bachelor’s degree (aPR: 1.6; 95 % CI: 1.0, 2.4); and non-gay sexual identity (aPR: 1.4; 95 % CI: 1.0, 1.8); such MSM may be less aware of the need for frequent HIV testing.
A perfect match for high resolution neutron powder diffraction: Position sensitive detection and focusing monochromators

Abstract Position sensitive detectors (PSDs) have been in use at MURR for nearly 20 years, while focusing monochromators have been developed only during the past six years. Incremental improvements in both systems have led to a high resolution powder diffraction system with a fast data acquisition rate for small samples (typically one gram of material). This is achieved by matching sample size to detector spatial resolution, by focusing in real space (two dimensional) and focusing in scattering with bent silicon monochromators. Fully open beams and large area detectors make the performance of this method superior to the conventional one with soller collimators and flat mosaic monochromators (vertically focusing). The use of inexpensive perfect Si crystals and linear position sensitive elements as well as the elimination of multiple Soller slit assemblies also make this an extremely economical alternative. Improvements in electronics, data acquisition software and new, doubly focusing devices have opened the door to widespread use of high resolution powder diffraction at small and medium flux facilities.
HE'S STEALING MY ISSUES!' Clinton's Crime Rhetoric and the Dynamics of Issue Ownership

This research draws from theories of issue ownership and “crafted talk” to propose a way to systematically analyze how political elites use rhetoric to gain a strategic advantage over their opponents. The example described is President Clinton's success in neutralizing the Republican advantage on issues related to crime fighting. This research provides descriptive evidence to support Clinton's success in this endeavor. Moreover, using content analyses of elite attention to crime from 1981 to 2000, the analysis demonstrates that Clinton not only changed the dimension over which the parties discussed crime, from a focus on punishment to one stressing prevention, but also served as an agenda setter for media coverage of crime using this new emphasis.
Vector realization of chiral symmetry

Abstract I discuss a new realization of chiral SU(3) × SU(3) symmetry which, in a sense, encompasses both the Wigner-Weyl mode and the Nambu-Goldstone mode. The chiral symmetry is unbroken, but there are Goldstone bosons. Furthermore, the light vector mesons, as well as the pseudoscalar mesons, are intimately involved because the chiral partners of the pseudoscalars are the longitudinal components of the vectors.
Substitutional solid solutions from heterotypic lanthanide dititanates Ln2-xLn′xTi2O7

Abstract The formation of substitutional solid solutions of dititanates containing two lanthanide ions from heterotypic mixtures, monoclinic and cubic, at temperatures up to 1500 °C was studied by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. All the results were fitted to a stability diagram by means of two parameters: the percentage difference δ in the ionic radii of each lanthanide pair and the unit cell volume V of the resulting crystal. The boundary between cubic phases and the region of restricted miscibility provides information on the solubility of the monoclinic phase in cubic lanthanide dititanates. This can be used to predict the solubility of tervalent actinides in such compounds which is relevant to the chemistry of nuclear waste immobilization.
Saxitoxin monitoring in three species of Florida puffer fish

Abstract Beginning in April 2002, three species of Florida puffer fish from around the state of Florida, USA were monitored for the presence of saxitoxin (STX). In total, 873 southern ( Sphoeroides nephelus ), 171 checkered ( S. testudineus ), and 53 bandtail ( S. spengleri ) puffer fish were collected between 2002 and 2006 from eight regions: Jacksonville, the Indian River Lagoon, Tequesta, the Florida Keys, Charlotte Harbor, Tampa Bay, Cedar Key, and Apalachicola. Emphasis was placed on collecting specimens from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), where recreational harvesting of puffer fish led to 28 cases of saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning (SPFP) between January 2002 and May 2004. Southern puffer fish from the northern IRL routinely contained the highest concentrations of STX, with average levels in the skin of 1787 μg STXequiv./100 g tissue. Elevated concentrations were also found in the muscle (1102 μg STXequiv./100 g), gut contents (539 μg STXequiv./100 g), gonads (654 μg STXequiv./100 g), and liver (214 μg STXequiv./100 g). Lower, yet significant (above the action limit of 80 μg STXequiv./100 g tissue), concentrations of STX were also detected in the skin (599 μg STXequiv./100 g), muscle (233 μg STXequiv./100 g), gut contents (197 μg STXequiv./100 g), and gonads (239 μg STXequiv./100 g) of southern puffer fish from Tequesta in the southern IRL, as well as in the gonads (122 μg STXequiv./100 g) of Jacksonville southern puffer fish and the skin (265 μg STXequiv./100 g) of Tampa Bay southern puffer fish. STX concentrations above the action limit were also found in the skin of bandtail puffer fish from the IRL (620 μg STXequiv./100 g), Tequesta (374 μg STXequiv./100 g), and the Florida Keys (230 μg STXequiv./100 g). Checkered puffer fish collected from the IRL, Tequesta, and the Florida Keys on average were nontoxic, containing STX levels below the action limit in all tissues.
Studies of Hindered Rotation and Magnetic Anisotropy by 1H, 13C and 19F NMR. The Diels-Alder Adduct of N- Pentafluorophenylmaleimide and Phencyclone: A Model for Drugs.

Abstract The potent Diels-Alder diene, phencyclone, 1, reacts with N-pentafluorophenylmaleimide, 2, to form an adduct, 3, characterized by 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR at 300, 75 and 282 MHz, respectively. The one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 3 at ambient temperatures imply a slow exchange limit (SEL) regime with respect to rotation of the unsubstituted bridgehead phenyl groups about severely hindered C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds. Major non-bonded interactions are expected between the ortho protons of the C6H5 groups and H-1, 8 of the phenanthrenoid moiety of 3. 19F 1D and 2D (COSY) NMR spectra show that the SEL regime also obtains for rotation about the N-C6F5 bond of 3, with five separate fluorine signals seen, consistent with a preferred conformation in which the C6F5 may lie roughly perpendicular to the plane of the pyrrolidinedione moiety, and may be in the mirror symmetry plane of 3. The results are considered relevant to hindered aryl rotations in numerous Pharmaceuticals. Sel...
Improving airline operational performance through schedule perturbation

Schedule development is typically the first phase of the airline planning process. We present a framework for perturbing scheduled departure and arrival times after a crew schedule has been found. We characterize perturbations that keep a schedule legal while not increasing the planned cost of the crew schedule. We show that when random delays occur in operations, the expected cost can be reduced and the on-time performance improved. Computational results are reported for two real fleets and a large number of crew schedules.
Immunological cross-reactivity of pathogenic Nocardia and related organisms

Abstract Aerobic actinomycetes associated with various clinical conditions in man and animals were studied for their antigenic relationships along with related organisms. Culture filtrate antigens obtained from 16 species were tested by antigen-antibody crossed-immunoelectrophoresis and by agar gel double diffusion against rabbit antibodies to Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis and N. caviae . Weak cross-reactivity was detected among the three, Nocardia species and Micropolyspora brevicatena , but no cross-reactivity was noted with antigens from any of the other species studied.
Upgrade of the beamline 10.0.1 at the advanced light source

Beamline 10.0.1 delivers the photons from a 4.5 m long 10 cm periodicity undulator (U100) to various endstations in its three branchlines. The beamline uses a spherical grating monochromator (SGM) to produce high energy resolution photon beam, with three gratings to cover the photon energy range from 17 to 340 eV. Typically, angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements use 30-70 eV photons. The beam size at the High Energy Resolution Spectroscopy (HERS) endstation, designed for ARPES, is measured to be 250 μm (H) by 100 μm (V). Due to grazing incidence geometry in the HERS endstation, the photon beam will have a large projection on the sample surface which could lead to degradation of experimental resolutions. We are in the process of designing and replacing some of the existing mirrors to improve the focus spot at HERS endstation. The detailed design parameters and possible upgrade paths will be presented with verifications using SHADOW ray-tracing program.
Pramipexole increases vesicular dopamine uptake: implications for treatment of Parkinson's neurodegeneration

Pramipexole is a dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist used to treat Parkinson's disease. Both human and animal studies suggest that pramipexole may exhibit neuroprotective properties involving dopamine neurons. However, mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects remain uncertain. The present results reveal a novel cellular action of this agent. Specifically, pramipexole rapidly increases vesicular dopamine uptake in synaptic vesicles prepared from striata of treated rats. This effect is: (1) associated with a redistribution of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) immunoreactivity within nerve terminals; and, (2) prevented by pretreatment with the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, eticlopride. The implications of this finding relevant to the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders are discussed.
Weibull analysis of dielectric breakdown in a self-assembled nanodielectric for organic transistors

The effect of thermal annealing on leakage current and dielectric breakdown in self-assembled nanodielectric (SAND) metal−insulator−semiconductor (MIS) devices is investigated. Annealing at tempera...
Adriamycin resistance in HL60 cells in the absence of detectable P-glycoprotein.

Abstract Previous stidies have shown that the development of multi-drug resistance in cell lines treated with chemotherapeutic agents is closely associated with the overexpression of a 170–180 kilodalton surface membrane glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein). In the present study a monoclonal antibody against the P-glycoprotein was used to determine if this protein is overexpressed in multi-drug resistant HL60 cells. Using either indirect immunofluorescent staining or immunoblot analysis P-glycoprotein could not be detected in HL60 cells isolated for resistance to adriamycin. In contrast HL60 cells isolated for resistance to vincristine contain the P-glycoprotein and the amount of this material increases with increasing levels of resistance. These studies thus demonstrate adriamycin resistance in P-glycoprotein negative HL60 cells. Furthermore adriamycin and vincristine are found to have distinct effects in inducing overexpression of P-glycoprotein in the HL60 cell line. This information could be useful in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of certain forms of cancer.
THE UTILIZATION OF LATE SEASON FOLIAGE BY THE ORANGE STRIPED OAKWORM, ANISOTA SENATORIA

Larval Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith) (Citheroniidae) were reared on 6 oak leaf species which differed in concentrations of leaf water, nitrogen and tannin. Larval growth did not differ significantly among most leaf species while relative consumption rate and efficiency of conversion of ingested food were significantly correlated with leaf nitrogen concentration. Alterations in relative consumption rate in relation to the nitrogen concentration of the diet maintained uniform relative nitrogen consumption rates, nitrogen utilization efficiences and relative nitrogen accumulation rates on nearly all leaf species consumed. Leaf water and tannin concentrations among the leaf species examined did not affect larval A. senatoria consumption, utilization or growth. RESUME Utilisation du feuillage de fin de saison par Anisota senatoria Des chenilles d 'Anisota senatoria ont ete elevees sur des feuilles de 6 especes de chěne, differant par leurs concentrations en eau, en azote et en tanin. Le developpement larvaire n'a pas varie significativement en fonction de l'espece de chěne, mais le taux de consommation relative et l'efficacite de la conversion de l'aliment ingere etaient significativement lies a la concentration en azote des feuilles. La modification du taux de consommation relatif suivant la teneur en azote de l'aliment a maintenu uniformes les taux relatifs de consommation d'azote, l'efficacite d'utilisation de l'azote et les taux relatifs d'accumulation d'azote dans presque toutes les especes consommees. Les teneurs en eau et en tanin des feuilles des especes examinees n'ont pas affecte la consommation, l'assimilation et la croissance larvaire d'A. senatoria. —
Ethnic differences in the marital status and psychological distress relationship

This paper examines the relationship between marital status, as a measure of social support, and psychological distress among three ethnic minorities (Japanese Americans, Filipino Americans, and Native Hawaiians) and Caucasians in Hawai'i. A secondary analysis is conducted on survey data collected from a statewide sample of adults. The analyses show that the relationship between marital status and distress conforms to expectations among Caucasians: married adults have a lower level of distress than the non-married. However, the marital status and distress relationship is not consistent across ethnic minorities. We discuss the implications of these findings to the study of social support and distress among ethnic minorities.
NMR Studies of Guest Dynamics in Clathrate Hydrates: Spherical Tops SF6, SeF6 and CH4 in Structure II Hydrate

Spin−lattice relaxation time measurements, obtained between 2 and ∼150 K, are presented for 19F in two structure II clathrate hydrates, SF6·17D2O and SeF6·17D2O, as well as for 1H in a double structure II deuteriohydrate of methane and tetrahydrofuran-d8. The 19F results were analyzed in terms of three relaxation mechanisms related to the guest motions, including fluctuations in nuclear dipolar couplings and the anisotropic chemical shift, plus a contribution from spin rotation interactions above ∼50 K. For quantitative agreement, the incorporation of a distribution function into the relaxation equations is required to account for the proton disorder in the hydrate cages, in this case a normal distribution in activation energies. The dynamic parameters derived from relaxation measurements also account for the motional narrowing of the 19F spectra. This is the first instance where a single motional model has accounted for both spectral narrowing and relaxation times for guest dynamics in clathrate hydrates...
THE EXCRETION OF POSTERIOR PITUITARY ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE IN THE URINE AND ITS DETECTION IN THE BLOOD1

The experiments of Gilman and Goodman (1937) clearly demonstrated in rats that an effective osmotic stimulus such as dehydration or the administration of hypertonic saline solution could cause the secretion of posterior-pituitary antidiuretic hormone which was detected after its excretion in the urine. These results have been confirmed by other investigators using rats, cats and dogs (Boylston and Ivy, 1938; Ingram, Ladd and Benbow, 1939; Hare, Hickey and Hare, 1941). Walker (1939) who performed most of his experiments with rabbits did not agree with the other workers. The experiments of Gilman and Goodman were the first in which the urinary hormone under investigation was secreted by the gland in situ. Earlier, as well as later experiments revealed that oxytocic, pressor or antidiuretic activity appeared in the urine of various mammals after the injection of posterior-pituitary extracts which usually had to be administered in large doses intravenously
High-sensitivity, and cost-effective system for infrared imaging of concealed objects in dynamic mode

Novel, cost-efficient, and highly-sensitive IR imaging systems play an important role in homeland security functions. Technical limitations in the areas of sensitivity, contrast ratio, bandwidth and cost continue to constrain imaging capabilities. We have designed and prototyped a compact computer-piloted high sensitivity infrared imaging system. The device consists of infrared optics, cryostat, low-noise pre-amplifier, Analog-to-Digital hardware, feedback electronics, and unique image processing software. Important advantages of the developed system are: (i) Eight electronic channels are available for simultaneous registration of IR and visible images in multiple spectral ranges, (ii) Capability of real-time analysis such as comparing the “sensed” image with “reference” images from a database, (iii) High accuracy temperature measurement of multiple points on the image by referencing the radiation intensity from the object to a black body model, (iv) Image generation by real-time integration of images from multiple sensors operating from the visible to the terahertz range. The device was tested with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled, single-pixel HgCdTe detector for imaging in 8-12 microns range. The demonstrated examples of infrared imaging of concealed objects in static and dynamic modes include a hammer (metal head and wooden handle), plastic imitator of handguns hidden under clothes, powder in an envelope, and revealing complex wall structures under decorative plaster.
The theoretical equation for the self-diffusion of interacting particles. Relation to the particle pair distribution function

Abstract The force constant, K , and the average number of particles interacting with one particle, N , appearing in a previously reported theoretical equation for mean-square displacements of interacting particles should be consistent with those estimated from a pair distribution function. The values K and N obtained from an analysis of the experimental mean-square displacement in polystyrene latex particles agree with those estimated from the particle pair distribution function.
Discussion: Of human skills

Psychologists who study judgment and decision making have been conveying a dismal message to other psychologists and to the nonpsychological world for the last 20 years. That message, as heard by nonpsychologists, is: People Are No Damned Good. This special issue of Organz its message is far more constructive. I parse the themes of the special issue into four categories; the first two are emphasized much more heavily than the last two. 1. Some of the people whom we call experts have splendid, invaluable skills. If we pay the research prices required, we can understand what the skills of experts are, how they are acquired and used, and how to recognize those who have them. 2. If we acquire those understandings, we can help the designers of automated expert systems to improve on the methods that they now use to capture expert skills. 3. If we understand what expertise is, we can be more effective at helping people to acquire it; in particular, we can offer advice far more constructive than “Avoid biases.” 4. This is a tough field in which to do research. Do not expect the payoffs to be quick and easy. My purpose in this discussion is not to document these themes but to explicate and highlight them. The papers in this issue do a fine job of documentation. The excellent review by Hoffman, Shanteau, Burton, Shadbolt, and Akerstrom (in press) summarizes the literature at length and has a thorough bibliography. But highlighting is often useful; it is easy to lose sight of the forest while evaluating individual trees. The remainder of this discussion amplifies a bit on each of the four themes listed above. I save until last a less brief discussion of theme 2. In it I review some topics regarding replacement of human intellectual skills with automated or automateable procedures, including those specified by optimal formal models.
Quasiparticles in the copper-oxygen planes of high-T c superconductors: An exact solution for a ferromagnetic background

A model for a mobile hole in the copper oxide planes of high-temperature superconductors is solved exactly. The hole moves on the oxygen atoms through a lattice of spins localized on the copper atoms. In order to obtain a solvable problem, it is assumed that the copper atoms provide a ferromagnetic background. The resulting quasiparticles have both charge and spin in contrast to the Cu-O singlets occurring in proposed effective single-band Hubbard models derived from the Cu-O network. Thus these two models of high-temperature superconductors may have different low-energy physics.
Solving binary cutting stock problems by column generation and branch-and-bound

We present an algorithm for the binary cutting stock problem that employs both column generation and branch-and-bound to obtain optimal integer solutions. We formulate a branching rule that can be incorporated into the subproblem to allow column generation at any node in the branch-and-bound tree. Implementation details and computational experience are discussed.
Socio‐economic Background, Ability, and the Allocation of Students

Postulant que l'ecole secon-daire effectue l'allocation de divers roles sociaux, l'auteur met en rapport, au sein d'un groupe d'etudiants de 12e annee, leurs antecedents socio-economiques et l'eventualite de leur perseverance scolaire ou de leur abandon de l'ecole lors du passage a la 13e annee. Le quotient intellectuel de l'etudiant sert de variable-controle et l'analyse est faite separement pour les garcons et les jeunes filles. Compte tenu du quotient intellectuel et du genre, plus les eleves sont de milieu soeio-eeonomique eleve, plus elevee est la probabilite qu'ils poursuivent leurs etudes en 13e. Plus l'eleve est d'un milieu moins f avorise, par ailleurs, moins elevee est la probabilite qu'il frequente une ecole quelconque l'annee suivante. Malgre l'existence en milieu educatif d'une ideologie egalitaire s'appuyant sur le merite personnel, les antecedents socio-economiques affectent de facon importante les chances d'acees a l'education superieure.
Synthesis of α-pyrones from α-oxo ketene dithioacetals

Abstract α-Oxo ketene dithioacetals can be converted into α-pyrones in a three step process involving 1,2-nucleophilic addition of ester or ketone enolate anions, acid promoted rearrangement, and subsequent enol lactonization. Utilization of ester enolates affords 6-alkylthio α-pyrones while ketone enolates give 3-alkyl substituted α-pyrones.
Effects of Steam Injection on the Performance of Gas Turbine Power Cycles

The effect of injecting steam generated by exhaust gas waste heat into a gas turbine with 3060°R turbine inlet temperature has been analyzed. Two alternate steam injection cycles are compared with a combined cycle using a conventional steam bottoming cycle. A range of compression ratios (8, 12, 16, and 20) and water mass injection ratios (0 to 0.4) were analyzed to determine effect on net turbine power output per pound of air and cycle thermodynamic efficiency. A water/fuel cost tradeoff analysis is also provided. The results indicate promising performance and economic advantages of steam injected cycles relative to more conventional utility power cycles. Application to coal-fired configuration is briefly discussed.
Perceived facilitators and barriers to saving among low-income youth

Abstract Asset-based social welfare programs focus on helping low- to moderate-income citizens to accumulate wealth in the form of homeownership, savings, small businesses, and higher education. Individual development accounts, savings accounts in which account holders’ deposits are matched, are a vehicle often used in these programs. In a national demonstration of individual development accounts for children (children's savings accounts), low-income youth were interviewed to learn what helped them to save and what made it difficult to save. We describe the young people's perceptions of these factors, and conclude with implications for policy and program design.
Piezoelectric Biosensor for Detection of Salmonella typhimurium

A flow injection analysis (FIA) system was developed based on a piezoelectric biosensor for detection of Salmonella typhimurium. The anti-Salmonella spp antibody was immobilized onto the gold electrode coated quartz crystal surface through a polyethylenimine-glutaraldehyde (PEG) technique and dithiobis-succinimidyl propionate (DSP) coupling. The PEG technique proved more successful for FIA applications than the DSP coupling. The biosensor had responses of 23-47 Hz in 25 min when the PEG immobilization technique was employed, with R 2 >0.94 for Salmonella typhimurium concentrations of 5.3X10 5 to 1.2X10 9 CFU/mL.
The oxidation of rabbit liver metallothionein-II by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and glutathione disulfide.

Abstract Because metallothionein (MT) may undergo thiol-disulfide or other redox reactions under certain cellular conditions, the partially and completely oxidized products of the reactions of Cd 7 MT-II with the electrophile 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), ESSE, and oxidized glutathione, GSSG, were characterized. Reaction with the stoichiometric quantity of ESSE (1 ESSE per MT thiolate) generates monomeric and polymeric MTs with three types of disulfide bonds: intra- and intermolecular CyS-SCy linkages and a small number (2–3/MT) of mixed disulfides, CyS-SE, involving thionitrobenzoate (ES − ). Reaction with substoichiometric quantities of ESSE (0.02 or O.1 per MT thiolate) causes the formation of intra- and intermolecular CyS-SCy disulfides, but no mixed disulfides. In the latter reactions, two equivalents of ES − are released per mole of ESSE, but the release is described by a single first-order rate constant (k = 3.0 ± 0.5 sec −1 ). Substantial amounts of cadmium remained bound to the MT monomers and polymers after reaction with the substoichiometric quantities. Despite the Cd bound to the MT after reaction with 0.1 ESSE per MT thiolate, no 111 Cd NMR signals were detected, indicating rapid equilibration of the remaining metal ions among the disrupted binding sites. Large excesses of the endogenous aliphatic disulfide, GSSG, displace Zn +2 from Zn 7 -MT slowly. The reaction is complete after 24 hours with 5000 μM GSSG, but only 25% complete after 72 hours with 250 μM GSSG. Approximately one Cd +2 is displaced rapidly from Cd 7 MT by 5000 μM GSSG and half as much by 250 μM GSSG, but no further reaction occurs. It is unlikely that GSSG oxidation of MTs would be physiologically significant.
Chatterbox: a vibration monitor to detect chattered sections at the ultramicrotome.

The “chatterbox” is a device for amplifying the vibrations produced as thin sections are cut. With acceptable chatterfree sections a crunching noise is heard; chattered sections produce an audible squeal which is easily distinguished from crunch. With the device the microtomist can determine at the microtome when his sections are chattered, and can then alter his cutting conditions until chatter disappears.
Radiofrequency ablation of a left-sided atrioventricular pathway in a patient with Marfan syndrome

Supraventricular tachycardia is a documented feature of Marfan syndrome. The safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in this population of patients, however, has not been reported. We report on the successful use of radiofrequency ablation utilizing a trans-septal approach for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia produced by an accessory muscular atrioventricular connection in a patient with Marfan syndrome.
Selecting the Number of Knots for Penalized Splines

Penalized splines, or P-splines, are regression splines fit by least-squares with a roughness penalty.P-splines have much in common with smoothing splines, but the type of penalty used with a P-spline is somewhat more general than for a smoothing spline. Also, the number and location of the knots of a P-spline is not fixed as with a smoothing spline. Generally, the knots of a P-spline are at fixed quantiles of the independent variable and the only tuning parameters to choose are the number of knots and the penalty parameter. In this article, the effects of the number of knots on the performance of P-splines are studied. Two algorithms are proposed for the automatic selection of the number of knots. The myopic algorithm stops when no improvement in the generalized cross-validation statistic (GCV) is noticed with the last increase in the number of knots. The full search examines all candidates in a fixed sequence of possible numbers of knots and chooses the candidate that minimizes GCV.The myopic algorithm ...
Developing and Implementing Supply Chain Partnerships

Many executives are developing supply chain partnerships in an attempt to reduce costs, improve service and gain competitive advantage. While partnerships can be beneficial, they are not appropriate in all situations. This article provides a model which can be used to determine whether a partnership is warranted, and if so, how close of a partnership is warranted.
Investment Strategies and the Problem of Out‐Migration

Population data on the coal-mining settlements of Appalachia show that, while net population has increased from natural causes, there has been a steady outflow of people from the coal-producing areas. Policies to cope with out-migration must address the redistribution of labor resources among the labor markets that result in shifts in age distribution, homogenization of the work force, and a decline in the community's ability to deliver needed services. Policies have historically dealt with the after effects of economic dislocation from the national markets. The investment strategies of Federal programs tend to focus on community and regional development, manpower development, and regional cooperation in the Appalachian region. A reassessment of these policies might focus on interregional labor mobility and lead to a re-evaluation of the goals of programs aimed at promoting economic growth and population distribution. 23 references.
Interpretation and topographic compensation of conifer canopy self-shadowing

ARTICLE I NFO The self-shadowing of conifer canopies results from the size and arrangement of trees within a stand and is a first-order term controlling radiance from forested terrain at common pixel scales of tens of meters. Although self-shadowing is a useful attribute for forest remote-sensing classification, compensation for the topographic effects of self-shadowing has proven problematic. This study used airborne canopy LiDAR measurements of 80 Pacific Northwest, USA conifer stands ranging in development stage from pre-canopy closure to old-growth in order to model canopy self-shadowing for four solar zenith angles (SZA). The shadow data were compared to physical measurements used to characterize forest stands, and were also used to test and improve terrain compensation models for remotely sensed images of forested terrain. Canopy self-shadowing on flat terrain strongly correlates with the canopy's geometric complexity as measured by the rumple index (canopy surface area/ground surface area) (R 2 =0.94-0.87 depending on SZA),
The ethological basis of mate choice in male threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Abstract Male threespine sticklebacks presented with pairs of dummy females differing in abdominal distension or body size usually courted the more distended or larger one first. This tendency increased with the disparity between dummies, even when distension or size were exaggerated well beyond normal limits. When projection area was pitted against volume males preferred the dummy with greater projection area over the one with greater volume. Moreover, males courted in proportion to the projection area of the dummies, even though clutch size was better predicted by volume than by projection area of gravid females. Larger or more distended dummies were also more effective in eliciting courtship than smaller or less distended dummies when the dummies were presented successively. Design features of the perceptual mechanism(s) may lead males to prefer larger, more distended females. This would pre-adapt male sticklebacks to select more fecund or receptive females in nature when they have a choice, although under certain conditions it may lead them to behave suboptimally.
Morphine receptors in immunocytes and neurons

Receptor interactions of morphine are reviewed, with particular attention given to a recently discovered opiate receptor, designated mu 3, with unique selectivity for morphine and certain other opiate alkaloids. Morphine, other opiate alkaloids and related analogs are known to bind to the classical delta, mu and kappa opioid receptor subtypes. Each of these subtypes also binds one or more of the endogenous opioid peptides with high affinity. Immunocytes have recently been found to contain a unique receptor for morphine, capable of binding morphine and certain other opiate alkaloids, but with essentially no or exceedingly low affinity for the naturally occurring endogenous opioid peptides or peptide analogs. This putative mu 3 (morphine/opiate alkaloid) receptor is present in invertebrate immunocytes as well as in human peripheral blood monocytes (macrophages). More recently this same receptor has been found in certain established macrophage cell lines and in human peripheral blood granulocytes. Finally, the same or closely related opiate alkaloid-selective (mu 3) receptor has been found to be present in a neuroblastoma and in a hybrid neural cell line. Studies indicate that in the immunocytes the receptor mediates inhibitory effects of morphine on cellular chemotaxis. While the functional coupling of this receptor in neurons is not known, it is postulated that the receptor may mediate effects of opiates on neuronal differentiation and cell division as well as neuronal transmission. Both for the immune system and the nervous system, the mu 3 receptor may constitute a major site of action for putative endogenous morphine or morphine-like substances. This receptor system also provides an additional pharmacological site of action for exogenously administered opiate alkaloid drugs. The mu 3 receptor is proposed to be an important neuro-immune link. This system is likely to play a significant role in a variety of responses involving the immune system, including the response of the organism to stress, infection and malignant transformation.
Use of interpolating functions in fast state estimation for dynamic systems with missing observations

Abstract Stack sequential decoding algorithms and interpolating functions are used for state estimation of nonlinear discrete dynamic systems with missing observations. The proposed scheme is faster and more practical than the estimation scheme using the Viterbi decoding algorithm.
On the mechanism of ion exchange in zirconium phosphates—XIX exchange of alkaline earth cations using acetate salts☆

Abstract Zirconium phosphate was found to exchange alkaline earth cations in macro quantities from acetate solutions. Rates of exchange decrease with increasing crystallinity of the exchanger but increase appreciably with temperature. Magnesium ion exchange is very slow even at 100°C. Both Mg2+ and Ba2+ each form a single exchanged phase. Their respective compositions are close to ZrMg0.75−1.0H0.5−0(PO4)2·4H2O and ZrBa0.8−1.0H0.4−0 (PO4)2·2H2O. In contrast Ca2+ and Sr2+ each form phases with cation contents close to half-exchange, i.e. ZrCa0.5−0.65H1−0.7(PO4)2·3H2O and ZrSr0.45−0.55H1.1−0.9(PO4)2·3.5H2O. these phases are then converted to ZrCa0.85−1H0.3−0(PO4)2·4H2O and ZrSr0.65−1H0.7−0(PO4)2·2.5H2O, respectively at higher loadings. Apparently acetate ion is a sufficiently strong base to initiate exchange and then maintain pH values high enough to achieve high metal loadings.