cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Standard ionophoretic mobilities of various biochemicals, in Amaranth units, at several pH values from 3.3 to 9.3

Summary The Am values of many known compounds in 30% formamide organic buffers at several pH values have been tabulated to aid in comparison and identification of unknowns. The p K and molecular weight values calculable from ionophoretic data sometimes differ considerably from expected values because of unusually strong molecular interactions with the formamide buffers. The mobility-pH pattern nevertheless gives significant information about molecular structure of unknowns.
Flow optical detection and analysis of vortices and principle of a flow optical determination of viscosities

Abstract Monodisperse sols of β-FeOOH crystals are used for the detection and structural analysis of vortices formed prior to the transition of laminar into turbulent flow, the experimental tools used being both characteristic qualitative periodicities observed in flow light scattering and quantitative variations in its intensity as a function of shear rate. The proportionality between viscosity and initial shear rate, expressed in the classical equation of Taylor, is taken advantage of for the determination of viscosities in dilute dispersed systems using discontinuities in flow light scattering at the critical shear rate as a very sensitive argument which is under certain circumstances applicable also to dispersions of spherical particles.
GLP-1-derived nonapeptide GLP-1(28-36)amide targets to mitochondria and suppresses glucose production and oxidative stress in isolated mouse hepatocytes.

Abstract Background Uncontrolled hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis), and glycogenolysis, is a major contributor to the fasting hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes. Here we report the discovery of a C-terminal nonapeptide (FIAWLVKGRamide) derived from GLP-1 that suppresses glucose production and oxidative stress in isolated mouse hepatocytes. The nonapeptide, GLP-1(28–36)amide, was reported earlier to be a major product derived from the cleavage of GLP-1 by the endopeptidase NEP 24.11. Methods and results Hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of normal and diet-induced obese mice. We find that the GLP-1(28–36)amide nonapeptide rapidly enters isolated mouse hepatocytes by GLP-1 receptor-independent mechanisms, and targets to mitochondria where it inhibits gluconeogenesis and oxidative stress. Conclusions These findings suggest that GLP-1 not only acts on a cell surface G-protein coupled receptor activating kinase-regulated signaling pathways, but a small C-terminal peptide derived from GLP-1 also enters cells, targets mitochondria, and exerts insulin-like actions by modulating oxidative phosphorylation. GLP-1(28–36)amide, or a peptide mimetic derived there from, might prove to be a useful treatment for fasting hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes.
Naloxone and the narcotic abuser: a controlled study of partial blockade.

Within the framework of an ongoing urine monitoring program, 119 paroled narcotic addicts were randomly assigned to either urine monitoring alone (concurrent control) or to double-blind treatment with either placebo or Naloxone at a partial blockade dosage level (200 to 800 mg daily). Outcome assessments at 6 and 9 months tended to favor “pill-takers” over concurrent controls. Although there were no significant differences between placebo and Naloxone in terms of retention rates and the maintenance of complete abstinence, there was considerably less narcotic drug use by Naloxone-treated subjects. Side effects were judged to be minimal and of little consequence. The importance of motivation on the part of the addict in the narcotic antagonist approach is stressed.
Magnitude and alignment of transferred angular momentum in both quasi and deeply inelastic scattering

Abstract In-plane and out-of-plane angular correlations of fission fragments in coincidence with projectile-like fragments have been measured for the 86 Kr + 238 U reaction at 730 MeV. The dependence of the magnitude and alignment of the angular momentum transferred to the fissioning heavy reaction product has been determined. Both quantities decrease strongly with decreasing energy loss in the quasi elastic region, in agreement with the predictions of a transport model.
Models of Neptune's arc rings

Models proposed to explain the dynamical confinement of such structures as incomplete arc rings in orbit about the planet Neptune are reviewed and tested against the currently available observational data. It is shown that satellites can confine arc rings to very limited radial and azimuthal extents via a combination of corotation and Lindblad resonances. The resonances can be produced by the same moon or by different moons.
Norethynodrel-mestranol and thyroid function.

Indices of thyroid function were measured in 10 euthyroid females after equilibration to each of 3 treatments: (a) without medication, (b) while taking 250 μg thyroxine daily, and (c) while taking 250 μg thyroxine and 10 mg norethynodrel-mestranol daily. The thyroidal radioiodine clearance rate decreased from treatment (a) to treatment (b). The addition of norethynodrel-mestranol treatment (c) produced no further change in radioiodine clearance, suggesting that equilibrium thyroid function during administration of this drug is not characterized by increased TSH secretion. The extrathyroidal thyroxine space and the disappearance rate of 131I-thyroxine were higher during treatment (b) than during treatments (a) and (c), presumably because of a relatively increased free thyroxine level. Daily thyroxine utilization rates (in μg/day), however, during treatments (b) and (c) were similar and higher than the rate during treatment (a). The administration of norethynodrel-mestranol did not, therefore, alter thyroxi...
Using Shelterwood Harvests and Prescribed Fire to Regenerate Oak Stands on Productive Upland Sites

Regenerating oak stands on productive upland sites in the Piedmont region is a major problem because of intense competition from yellow-poplar. As a potential solution to this problem, we tested the hypothesis that a shelterwood harvest of an oak-dominated stand, followed several years later by a prescribed fire, would adequately regenerate the stand. Three oak-dominated stands, in which shelterwood harvests had been conducted several years earlier, were each divided into spring burn, summer burn, winter burn, and control treatments. Three years after the prescribed fires, oak had higher density and stocking in burned as compared to unburned areas while yellow-poplar had its highest density and stocking in the controls. Season-of-burn interacted with fire intensity to create several probable outcomes of stand development. Areas treated with high-intensity fire during the spring will develop into oak-dominated stands after just one burn. Controls and areas treated with low-intensity fire will become dominated by yellow-poplar. Other combinations of fire intensity and season-of-burn will produce mixed hardwood stands with varying proportions of oak. Combining shelterwood harvesting with prescribed fire appears to be a viable method for regenerating oak stands on productive upland sites in the Piedmont region and may be applicable elsewhere.
Spin-wave excitation spectra and spectral weights in square lattice antiferromagnets

Using a recently developed method for calculating series expansions of the excitation spectra of quantum lattice models, we obtain the spin-wave spectra for square lattice, S=1/2 Heisenberg-Ising antiferromagnets. The calculated spin-wave spectrum for the Heisenberg model is close to but noticeably different from a uniformly renormalized classical (large-S) spectrum with the renormalization for the spin-wave velocity of approximately 1.18. The relative weights of the single-magnon and multiple-magnon contributions to neutron-scattering spectra are obtained for wave vectors throughout the Brillouin zone.
Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade

Summary M-mode echocardiography has a limited role in the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade. Right ventricular diastolic collapse observed on the two-dimensional echocardiogram is both sensitive and specific for cardiac tamponade in the absence of pressure overload of the right ventricle. Right atrial collapse is a highly sensitive but less specific sign for cardiac tamponade. Both of these signs should be used with caution, however, taking into consideration the intravascular status and the state of the left Ventricular volume.
Partially sparse reconstruction of behind-the-wall scenes

In this paper, we apply the idea of partial sparsity to scene reconstruction associated with through-the-wall radar imaging of stationary targets. Partially sparse recovery considers the case when it is known a priori that the scene being imaged consists of two parts, one of which is sparse and the other is expected to be dense. More specifically, we consider the scene reconstruction problem involving a few stationary targets of interest when the building layout is assumed known. This implies that the support of the dense part of the image corresponding to the exterior and interior walls is known a priori. This knowledge may be available either through building blueprints or from prior surveillance operations. Using experimental data collected in a laboratory environment, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the partially sparse reconstruction of stationary through-the-wall scenes.
The Search-Transfer Problem: The Role of Weak Ties in Sharing Knowledge across Organization Subunits.

This paper combines the concept of weak ties from social network research and the notion of complex knowledge to explain the role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits in a...
Sensitivity analysis for actuator placement on an Euler-Bernoulli beam

In this paper, we discuss the calculation of sensitivities for the cantilevered Euler-Bernoulli beam with piezoceramic patch actuators. The specific sensitivities in which we are interested are the sensitivities of the state to patch location and size. In particular, the continuous sensitivity equation method (CSEM) is applied to obtain the state sensitivities analytically via a partial differential equation. This equation is then approximated via a Galerkin finite-element scheme, and the approximations to the state and sensitivities can be computed simultaneously. Numerical results are given for a variety of patch locations and sizes.
Preparation of Platelet Concentrates for Transfusion Employing Adenosine Diphosphate

Platelet aggregation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a self-limited and reversible process. An application of this phenomenon is described which allows removal of the platelets from large volumes of fresh platelet rich plasma (PRP) for the preparation of platelet concentrates. The macroscopic platelet clumps resulting from a concentration of 10 μgm ADP per ml of PRP are removed by centrifugation at 50 × g for 10 minutes. Resuspension of these platelets in 20 cc of native plasma results in a platelet concentrate that is 80 to 90 per cent as effective per unit as PRP in its ability to elevate the platelet count in recipients. Such concentrates are superior to concentrates prepared by other methods. The posttransfusion survival of ADP platelets compares favorably with the survival of platelets administered as PRP. There is evidence of minor sequestration but there is no apparent irreversible damage to platelets handled in this manner. Alkaline plasma and increase in plasma ionized calcium enhance the ADP aggregation and improve the efficiency of in vitro separation of platelets from PRP. However, the resulting concentrate is less effective in vivo, because of prolonged and slowly reversible clumping, and failure of these platelets to circulate.
The effect of experimental resolution on the performance of knowledge-based discriminatory functions for protein structure selection

The key to an accurate method of protein structure prediction is the development of an effective discriminatory function. Knowledge-based discriminatory functions extract parameters from statistical analysis of experimentally determined protein structures. We assess how the quality of the protein structures used for compiling statistics affects the performance of a residue-specific all-atom probability discriminatory function (RAPDF). We find that the discriminatory power correlates with the quality of the structural dataset on which the RAPDF is parameterized in a statistically significant manner. The overrepresentation of unfavorable contacts in the low-resolution and NMR structures contributes to the major errors in the compilation of the conditional probabilities. Such errors weaken the discriminatory power of the function, especially when decoy conformations also contain considerable numbers of unfavorable contacts. This indicates that using high-resolution structural datasets after filtering out unfavorable contacts can improve the performance of knowledge-based discriminatory functions.
Imputation of data values that are less than a detection limit

Results of the analyses of occupational and environmental samples are frequently reported as "less than a specified value," a practice followed by many analytical laboratories. A left-censored distribution occurs when analytical laboratories do not report results that fall below their limits of detection or quantification. Approximately 37% of the household interior dust lead loadings collected in a large-scale, multisite, longitudinal study of lead-based paint hazard controls were reported to be below the "method detection limit." These unreported values are unusable in any statistical analysis of the data and must be replaced by a valid dust lead loading estimate, a process called data imputation. This investigation tested how well data imputed using a newly formulated procedure for estimating the data below the method detection limit were correlated with dust lead loadings reported by the participating laboratories after special request. These results were also compared with those obtained by imputing the minimum detectable level by the square root of 2. Imputation of the low lead loadings was accomplished by substituting the value associated with the median percentile below each laboratory's method detection limit. A correlation of r = 0.50 was calculated between the predicted and reported dust lead loadings, with only slight bias (2.9%) in the predicted values. An alternative imputation procedure that used the predicted value from structural equation models fit to the noncensored dust lead loadings performed about as well, although the predictions had to be "centered" to correspond to the censored data. An estimator that combined both of these imputation procedures only slightly improved the correlation between the predicted and laboratory values (r = 0.51). These results support the use of the new procedure rather than the commonly used imputed values of the method detection limit divided by 2 or by the square root of 2. Imputing values based on either of these common approaches may result in much more biased predictions for the censored data; in the case of these data, the dust lead loadings were overestimated by 348%. The results also suggest that analytical laboratories should provide a numerical result for all analyzed samples, with a "flag" of those values below their detection limit, since these results may be more accurate than any imputed value, particularly those provided by the commonly used method of dividing the minimum detection limit by the square root of 2.
T-CELL RICH, KI-1-POSITIVE POST-TRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER: A PREVIOUSLY UNDESCRIBED VARIANT FOLLOWING LIVER TRANSPLANT

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a consequence of the immunosuppressive therapy following organ transplant. We describe a patient who developed PTLD seven years after liver transplant and while receiving cyclosporine and prednisone. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a paraspinal mass extending from T11 to L1. Microscopically, this was composed of a diffuse infiltrate of small to intermediate sized T-lymphocytes with clusters of large anaplastic tumor cells with amphophilic cytoplasm, large irregular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. A high mitotic rate and atypical mitotic figures were noted in the clusters of large cells. Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis failed identify either a monoclonal B-cell population or a T-cell population with aberrant expression of the T-cell surface markers. Strong positivity for CD30 and focal staining for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) of the large cells was seen. Leukocyte common antigen (LCA), cytokeratin, vimentin, monocyte/macrophage and B- and T-markers were negative. The small lymphoid cells were positive for CD3, MT-1 and UCHL-1. Based on the immunophenotypic and morphological evaluation, this was characterized as a T-cell rich PTLD. PCR analysis identified a monoclonal population of B-cells. This unusual case emphasizes the morphological and immunophenotypic diversity of PTLD. The utility of PCR analysis in the evaluation of PTLD is also demonstrated.
Genetically engineered mouse models for functional studies of SKP1-CUL1-F-box-protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligases

The SCF (SKP1 (S-phase-kinase-associated protein 1), Cullin-1, F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligases, the founding member of Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), are the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases in mammals. Each individual SCF E3 ligase consists of one adaptor protein SKP1, one scaffold protein cullin-1 (the first family member of the eight cullins), one F-box protein out of 69 family members, and one out of two RING (Really Interesting New Gene) family proteins RBX1/ROC1 or RBX2/ROC2/SAG/RNF7. Various combinations of these four components construct a large number of SCF E3s that promote the degradation of many key regulatory proteins in cell-context, temporally, and spatially dependent manners, thus controlling precisely numerous important cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, gene transcription, signal transduction, DNA replication, maintenance of genome integrity, and tumorigenesis. To understand how the SCF E3 ligases regulate these cellular processes and embryonic development under in vivo physiological conditions, a number of mouse models with transgenic (Tg) expression or targeted deletion of components of SCF have been established and characterized. In this review, we will provide a brief introduction to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases, followed by a comprehensive overview on the existing Tg and knockout (KO) mouse models of the SCF E3s, and discuss the role of each component in mouse embryogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, as well as other pathogenic processes associated with human diseases. We will end with a brief discussion on the future directions of this research area and the potential applications of the knowledge gained to more effective therapeutic interventions of human diseases.
Fault-tolerant wormhole routing in tori

We present a method to enhance wormhole routing algorithms for deadlock-free fault-tolerant routing in tori. We consider arbitrarily-located faulty blocks and assume only local knowledge of faults. Messages are routed via shortest paths when there are no faults, and this constraint is only slightly relaxed to facilitate routing in the presence of faults. The key concept we use is that, for each fault region, a fault ring consisting of fault free nodes and physical channels can be formed around it. These fault rings can be used to route messages around fault regions. We prove that at most four additional virtual channels are sufficient to make any fully-adaptive algorithm tolerant to multiple faulty blocks in torus networks. As an example of this technique, we present simulation results for a fully-adaptive algorithm and show that good performance can be obtained with as many as 10% links faulty.
Type II Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase from Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

Open reading frame sll1556 in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain 6803 encodes a putative type II isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) isomerase. The His(6)-tagged protein was produced in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni(2+) chromatography. The homotetrameric enzyme required NADPH, flavin mononucleotide, and Mg(2+) for activity; K(m)(IPP) was 52 microM, and k(cat)(IPP) was 0.23 s(-1).
Interval Extensions of Signed Distance Functions: iSDF-reps and Reliable Membership Classification

This paper considers the problem of inferring the geometry of an object from values of the signed distance sampled on a uniform grid. The problem is motivated by the desire to effectively and efficiently model objects obtained by 3D imaging technology such as magnetic resonance, computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Techniques recently developed for automated segmentation convert intensity to signed distance, and the voxel structure imposes the uniform sampling grid. The specification of the signed distance function (SDF) throughout the ambient space would provide an implicit and function-based representation (f-rep) model that uniquely specifies the object, and we refer to this particular f-rep as the signed distance function representation (SDF-rep). However, a set of uniformly sampled signed distance values may uniquely determine neither the distance function nor the shape of the object. Here, we employ essential properties of the signed distance to construct the upper and lower bounds on the allowed variation in signed distance, which combine to produce interval-valued extensions of the signed distance function. We employ an interval extension of the signed distance function as an interval SDF-rep that defines the range of object geometries that are consistent with the sampled SDF data. The particular interval extensions considered include a tight global extension and more computationally efficient local extensions that provide useful criteria for root exclusionlisolation. To illustrate a useful application of the interval bounds, we present a reliable approach to top-down octree membership classification for uniform samplings of signed distance functions.
Relevance Vector Machine Learning for Neonate Pain Intensity Assessment Using Digital Imaging

Pain assessment in patients who are unable to verbally communicate is a challenging problem. The fundamental limitations in pain assessment in neonates stem from subjective assessment criteria, rather than quantifiable and measurable data. This often results in poor quality and inconsistent treatment of patient pain management. Recent advancements in pattern recognition techniques using relevance vector machine (RVM) learning techniques can assist medical staff in assessing pain by constantly monitoring the patient and providing the clinician with quantifiable data for pain management. The RVM classification technique is a Bayesian extension of the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, which achieves comparable performance to SVM while providing posterior probabilities for class memberships and a sparser model. If classes represent “pure” facial expressions (i.e., extreme expressions that an observer can identify with a high degree of confidence), then the posterior probability of the membership of some intermediate facial expression to a class can provide an estimate of the intensity of such an expression. In this paper, we use the RVM classification technique to distinguish pain from nonpain in neonates as well as assess their pain intensity levels. We also correlate our results with the pain intensity assessed by expert and nonexpert human examiners.
Self-regulated learning in transfer students: A case study of non-traditional students

Nationwide, only 17% of community college students go on to complete a bachelor's degree within six years of enrolling at a community college and even a fewer number in the STEM fields. Community college students are more likely to be non-traditional, who are coincidentally comprised mostly of members of underrepresented groups. In this work, we examined the academic development of a cohort of non-traditional students as they transferred to an elite four-year institution from local community colleges. Drawing from educational and psychological research, we evaluated student motivation, resilience, and self-regulated learning habits throughout the first year of their transfer. The broader goal of this project is to better understand the self-regulated learning skills and motivation of non-traditional students from the point of transfer to degree completion. This in turn will foster the development of pedagogical techniques and support systems that are better suited for non-traditional students, with the ultimate goal of on-time degree completion and entrance into the STEM workforce.
Biorthogonality, Minimality, and More About Bases

In this chapter we explore some of the many “shades of grey“ in the meaning of independence in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces, and we apply this knowledge to derive additional results about Schauder bases.
Surface roughness dating of long-runout landslides near Oso, Washington (USA), reveals persistent postglacial hillslope instability

Establishing regional landslide chronologies is necessary to advance from hazard recognition to risk assessment, and to understand the evolution of landslide-prone terrain. Despite recent advances in landslide mapping due to the availability of high-resolution lidar imagery, estimating the timing of slope failures remains a challenge. Here we present a new integrated approach to dating landslides on a regional scale by augmenting quantitative surface roughness analysis with radiocarbon dating and numerical landscape modeling. We calibrate a roughness-age curve, which we use to date 25 deep-seated landslides in glacial sediment surrounding the catastrophic A.D. 2014 Oso landslide along the North Fork Stillaguamish River in Washington State (USA). Lidar bare-earth images show a high density of long-runout landslides in this region. Using our roughness-age curve, we estimate an average Holocene landslide frequency of 1 every 140–500 yr, and show that the 2014 Oso landslide was the latest event in an active history of slope failures throughout the Holocene. With each landslide, substantial sediment is delivered to the North Fork Stillaguamish River, driving shifts in the active channel that ultimately affect the pattern of landslides across the valley. The high frequency of landslides in this area, where river incision and isostatic uplift rates have dropped dramatically since peaking soon after ice retreated from the region, shows that landscapes inundated by glacial sediment do not require dramatic changes in base level to remain highly unstable for tens of thousands of years.
Monoclonal antibodies targeting cell surface deposited complement fragment C3d potentiate cancer immunotherapy and eliminate antigen loss variants

Meeting abstracts Treatment-induced loss of targeted cell surface antigens through trogocytosis or internalization reduces efficacy of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy of cancer. However, cells that escape therapy mediated by complement-fixing mAbs carry covalently deposited complement activation
Alimentary Experiments: How Science Got Into Our Kitchens

Often considered only the domain of electronics and technology, innovation applies in every realm of human endeavor. This paper investigates the evolution of Molecular Gastronomy as a field that demonstrates the principles of innovation. It examines this disciplineΓCOs origination, diffusion, and widespread adoption. Four consecutive phases in its development are thus identified as: (1) Technology and Efficiency; (2) Experimentation with Food; (3) Haute Cuisine; and (4) Available for Everyone. These phases and phase transitions are closely analyzed using D. A. Norman and R. VergantiΓCOs theory of Incremental and Radical Innovation as well as E. M. RogersΓCO theoretical work on Diffusion of Innovation. As a result, Molecular Gastronomy can be named a field of radical innovation, where each change in phase can be directly related to a reduction in uncertainty. Further, its diffusion within each phase is examined amongst different social systems in order to depict possible trajectories of the future evolution of Molecular Gastronomy.
Intrinsic characteristics as the interface between CAD and machine vision systems

Computer Aided Design systems are currently being used to drive machine vision analysis. Such an approach makes it possible to produce recognition and analysis procedures without having to scan a physical example of the object. Typically, these proposed techniques either directly use whatever the CAD model produces or derive information (e.g., points sampled on the surface of the object) to drive a particular recognition scheme. In this regard, there has been some discussion as to an appropriate set of interface data (e.g., points, surface patches, features, etc.). We propose that a coherent general solution to this problem is to characterize a CAD system by the set of intrinsic 3-D shape characteristics (e.g., surface normals, texture, reflectance properties, curvature, etc.) that the CAD system is able to provide. Such a characterization makes it possible to compare CAD systems irrespective of recognition paradigms, and actually makes it possible to determine which recognition strategies can be used with a given CAD-based machine vision system.
Rehabilitation Strategies for Restorative Approaches After Stroke and Neurotrauma

For acute, subacute, or chronic stroke, and neurotrauma, a range of rehabilitation strategies will be essential to optimize possible benefits of molecular, cellular, and novel pharmacological restorative approaches. The neurorehabilitation strategies must be chosen to engage the targeted networks of these novel approaches, drawing upon studies of motor and cognitive learning-related neural adaptations that accompany progressive practice. Regulatory agencies and the pharma/biotech industry will need to keep an open mind about the likely synergy that will come from interleaving repair strategies and rehabilitation interventions.
The infection of avian embryos with crithidia species and Leishmania tarentola.

century to determine whether vertebrates could be infected with insect trypanosomids. Laveran and Franchini (1) and later Fantham and Porter (2), as well as many others, reported successful infections of such animals as mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys with flagellated protozoa from arthropods. A considerable number of papers deal with these studies and inasmuch as they are admirably reviewed by Wenyon (3), the present paper restricts the listing of these reports to certain of the more pertinent ones. The widespread success of these investigators and the ease with which infections in vertebrates were
Breast Cancer EDGE Task Force Outcomes: Clinical Measures of Pain.

Background Pain is one of the most commonly reported impairments after breast cancer treatment affecting anywhere from 16-73% of breast cancer survivors Despite the high reported incidence of pain from cancer and its treatments, the ability to evaluate cancer pain continues to be difficult due to the complexity of the disease and the subjective experience of pain. The Oncology Section Breast Cancer EDGE Task Force was created to evaluate the evidence behind clinical outcome measures of pain in women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Solid Phase Microextraction Determination of Benzene in Blood by Solid Phase Microextraction-Headspace Gas Chromatography

Objective To establish a headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic method for determination of benzene in blood.Methods The blood sample (1.0 ml ) was sealed in vial,and equilibrated for 30 min at 60 ℃,then the SPME equipment was used for sampling the headspace air and injected for gas chromatographic analysis.Results The regression equation of the method was Y=4.73×10-5X+0.0892,r=0.9995,with a linear range of 0 to 10 μmol/L. The limit of detection of the method was 0.12 μmol/L. The RSDs (%) were 4.37%,5.13% and 6.21% for high,medium and low concentration,respectively The recoveries for low,medium and high spiked blood samples were 96.2%,108.0% and 91.3% respectively. Conclusion The method is suitable for the determination of benzene in blood.
Testing the analytical protocols and calibration of volcanic glass for the reconstruction of hydrogen isotopes in paleoprecipitation

In this study, we investigate the foundations of the hydrated volcanic glass paleoelevation-paleoenvironment proxy by testing (1) the sensitivity of volcanic glass δD values to laboratory procedures, (2) the reliability of young glass reconstructions of observed meteoric water values, and (3) the paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on volcanic glass in comparison to those of other proxies. Volcanic glass δD values are insensitive to variations in laboratory pretreatments, displaying no signifi cant shift in δD values with variations in duration of drying, rinsing, the temperature at which glass is dried, or with the grain size that is analyzed. However, clay adhering to the glass particles may skew δD results by ~10‰, and HF acid pretreatment can cause signifi cant isotopic shifts. Parent-water δD values calculated from young (≤0.3 Ma) glass δD values are in close accord with modern surface-water δD values across ~3000 m of elevation in the central Andes. Combined glass δD values, pedogenic carbonate δ 18 O values, and clumped isotope paleothermometry from the 16.3 Ma Los Cristales tuff provide a key test of resistance to resetting of δD values in ancient glass hydration layers. These proxies indicate hydrated volcanic glass preserves its stable isotopic information over geologic time and that the climatic patterns of the high and dry Puna Plateau were already in place by 16.3 Ma.
Light-hardened luting cement for orthodontic bands and appliances.

Use of Vitremer Core Buildup/Restorative Cement (3M Dental Products Division) as a luting cement for orthodontic bands and space maintainers was described in 1994. For use as a luting agent, the restorative cement is mixed with a slightly lower powder liquid ratio so the blend is more fluid than one used for a dental restoration. A chief advantage of using Vitremer Restorative Cement for luting stainless steel orthodontic bands is that the material has a light-curing component which hardens substantially in 40 seconds. When a visible light beam is applied from the occlusal aspect, the light irradiates through the translucent tooth structure and initiates the photopolymerization reaction. Following initial light curing, the chemical resin “dark cure” reaction and acid-base polyalkenoate (glass-ionomer) setting reaction continue to completion within the band. Other band cements take at least several minutes for initial hardening and the teeth must be carefully isolated during that time. Another important advantage is that once hardened, the light-hardened resin-modified glass-ionomer cement systems are virtually insoluble in the mouth and have good physical strengths. Bands luted with such cement do not detach. The fluoride content of these cements in close proximity to enamel surfaces also is a beneficial feature. The only disadvantage to using the lighthardened cement is that the material adheres so well to axial surfaces of both primary and permanent teeth, that when the band or appliance is removed, bur cutting, along with ultrasonic scaling, is often required for complete removal of the glass-ionomer material. 3M Unitek Dental Products now markets a blue-colored light-hardened band cement (Unitek Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Orthodontic Band Cement) based on the Vitremer Restorative Cement formulation. Three years' experiences with the blue cement have been identical to those with Vitremer Restorative Cement. This technique description details orthodontic band cementation using 3M Unitek Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Orthodontic Band Cement. In addition, cementation of a translucent mandibular acrylic inclined bite plane for anterior crossbite correction in a preschooler, using a low powder/liquid ratio blend of Vitremer Restorative Cement is described.
Inhalational Alzheimer's disease: an unrecognized—and treatable—epidemic

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most significant healthcare problems today, with a dire need for effective treatment. Identifying subtypes of Alzheimer's disease may aid in the development of therapeutics, and recently three different subtypes have been described: type 1 (inflammatory), type 2 (non-inflammatory or atrophic), and type 3 (cortical). Here I report that type 3 Alzheimer's disease is the result of exposure to specific toxins, and is most commonly inhalational (IAD), a phenotypic manifestation of chronic inflammatory response syndrome (CIRS), due to biotoxins such as mycotoxins. The appropriate recognition of IAD as a potentially important pathogenetic condition in patients with cognitive decline offers the opportunity for successful treatment of a large number of patients whose current prognoses, in the absence of accurate diagnosis, are grave.
Anxiety, depression, and the suicidal spectrum: a latent class analysis of overlapping and distinctive features

Anxiety and depression diagnoses are associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours. However, a categorical understanding of these associations limits insight into identifying dimensional mechanisms of suicide risk. This study investigated anxious and depressive features through a lens of suicide risk, independent of diagnosis. Latent class analysis of 97 depression, anxiety, and suicidality-related items among 616 psychiatric outpatients indicated a 3-class solution, specifically: (1) a higher suicide-risk class uniquely differentiated from both other classes by high reported levels of depression and anxious arousal; (2) a lower suicide-risk class that reported levels of anxiety sensitivity and generalised worry comparable to Class 1, but lower levels of depression and anxious arousal; and (3) a low to non-suicidal class that reported relatively low levels across all depression and anxiety measures. Discriminants of the higher suicide-risk class included borderline personality disorder; report of worthlessness, crying, and sadness; higher levels of anxious arousal and negative affect; and lower levels of positive affect. Depression and anxiety diagnoses were not discriminant between higher and lower suicide risk classes. This transdiagnostic and dimensional approach to understanding the suicidal spectrum contrasts with treating it as a depressive symptom, and illustrates the advantages of a tripartite model for conceptualising suicide risk.
A retrospective analysis of the relationship between diabetes, metformin use, and survival in advanced endometrial cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

5607 Background: Pre-clinical data suggests that the diabetic medication, metformin, has anti-cancer effects. We hypothesized that advanced stage endometrial cancer (EC) patients who used metformin...
Alcohol and Drug Use and Aberrant Drug-Related Behavior Among Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy

Objective: To better identify individuals on chronic opioid therapy (COT) at high risk for aberrant-drug related behavior (ADRB). We examine whether patients with low level alcohol and drug use have similar characteristics to those with alcohol and drug disorders. We then examined the relationship of alcohol and drug use to ADRBs among COT patients. Methods: The sample was 972 randomly selected COT patients (age 21–80 years old) from a large health system in Northern California, USA, and interviewed in 2009. Logistic regression models were used to model the dependent variables of: alcohol use, illicit drug use, alcohol disorders, illicit drug disorders, and ADRBs. Results: The odds of daily/weekly alcohol use were lower for those with a high daily opioid dose (120+ mg/day vs. <20 mg/day) (OR = 0.32, p < 0.010). Illicit drug disorders were associated with depression (OR = 2.31, p < .001) and being on a high daily opioid dose (OR = 5.51, p < .01). Participants with illicit drug use had higher odds o...
Digital and analog logics: An analysis of the discourse on property rights and information goods

We examine arguments both for strengthening property rights and expanding the public domain for digital information goods. Specifically, we conduct a Toulminian analysis of arguments made at a cross-disciplinary symposium at Duke Law School on information goods and the public domain. We find that there are two “logics” underlying arguments on issues related to information goods: what we describe as digital and analog logics. We also identify five argument categories—profit motive, economic efficiency, innovation, ethics and fundamental rights, and temporality—and two different time frames used for judging impacts—proximal and distal. We conclude with a number of theory-generating propositions and a provocation for our conceptions of capitalism in the digital age.
Brain Death: Understanding the Process of Brain Death Declaration Through Real-Life Case Scenarios

Physicians have been legally declaring patients dead by applying criteria of cessation of brain and brain stem function for over four decades. Even though formal recommendations exist, there exist significant gaps in comprehensive understanding of the diagnosis of brain death everywhere in the world. It is prudent to apply fundamental principles to various commonly encountered clinical scenarios, which are highlighted in this chapter, to provide the reader with a hands-on real-life take on the approach to declaration of brain death.
Hyaluronic Acid Intra-Articular Injections in Patients Affected by Moderate to Severe Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Randomized Study

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection treatment with high molecular weight HA (Hyalubrix, 30 mg/2 mL, molecular weight > 1,500 kDa) in patients affected by moderate to severe glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Seventy-eight patients, affected by shoulder OA grade II–IV were randomized in two groups. Patients included in case group were treated with three intra-articular injections of HA and a specific physiotherapy program, whereas patients included in the control group received the only physical therapy. The follow-up examination was 6 months for both groups. The evaluation of functional status of treated shoulder, range of motion, and pain was performed before treatment and at the final follow-up examination by means of the Constant score. The safety evaluation of the treatment was also performed recording any adverse events. Results Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p Conclusion This study showed that the combination of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (Hyalubrix, 30 mg/2 mL) with physical therapy program was more effective in comparison with the only physical therapy in reducing pain in patients affected by glenohumeral OA. Level of Evidence Level II, randomized controlled study.
A comparison of 24 GHz and 2.55 GHz MIMO measurements in two indoor scenarios

MIMO measurements at 24 GHz and 2.55 GHz are compared for two buildings consisting of classrooms and offices on two college campuses. The results indicate that mutual information for 4×4 MIMO with 15 dB SNR is very similar, suggesting similar multipath structure for the two different bands. Path loss is approximately 30 dB higher at 24 GHz, mainly due to the reduced receive aperture at the higher frequency. These results suggest that 24 GHz may be a suitable replacement for near and medium range indoor wireless applications currently using the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
Optimal Motion Planning for Differentially Flat Systems Using Bernstein Approximation

This letter presents a computational framework to efficiently generate feasible and optimal trajectories for differentially flat autonomous vehicle systems. We formulate the optimal motion planning problem as a continuous-time optimal control problem, and approximate it by a discrete-time formulation using Bernstein polynomials. These polynomials allow for efficient computation of various constraints along the entire trajectory, and are particularly convenient for generating trajectories for safe operation of multiple vehicles in complex environments. The advantages of the proposed method are investigated through theoretical analysis and numerical examples.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder by Gender and Veteran Status.

Introduction Population-based data on the prevalence, correlates, and treatment utilization of post-traumatic stress disorder by gender and veteran status are limited. With changes in post-traumatic stress disorder diagnostic criteria in 2013, current information from a uniform data source is needed. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III, which consisted of in-person interviews that were conducted with a representative sample of U.S. adults. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-5 Version was used to assess past-year and lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder among veterans (n=3,119) and civilians (n=32,982). Data were analyzed from January to March 2017. Results Adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, women veterans reported the highest rates of lifetime and past-year post-traumatic stress disorder (13.4%, 95% CI=8.8%, 17.9%, and 11.7%, 95% CI=7.1%, 16.4%) compared with women civilians (8.0%, 95% CI=7.4%, 8.6%, and 6.0%, 95% CI=5.5%, 6.6%); men veterans (7.7%, 95% CI=6.5%, 8.8%, and 6.7%, 95% CI=5.7%, 7.8%); and men civilians (3.4%, 95% CI=3.0%, 3.9%, and 2.6%, 95% CI=2.2%, 2.9%). Traumatic event exposure, correlates of lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment seeking varied across subgroups. Men and women veterans were more likely than civilians to use a variety of treatment sources, with men civilians being least likely to seek treatment and men veterans exhibiting the longest delay in seeking treatment. Conclusions Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common mental health disorder that varies by gender and veteran status. Women veterans’ high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder highlight a critical target for prevention and intervention, whereas understanding treatment barriers for men veterans and civilians is necessary.
Ultra-Low Power Gaze Tracking for Virtual Reality

Tracking user's eye fixation direction is crucial to virtual reality (VR): it eases user's interaction with the virtual scene and enables intelligent rendering to improve user's visual experiences and save system energy. Existing techniques commonly rely on cameras and active infrared emitters, making them too expensive and power-hungry for VR headsets (especially mobile VR headsets). We present LiGaze, a low-cost, low-power approach to gaze tracking tailored to VR. It relies on a few low-cost photodiodes, eliminating the need for cameras and active infrared emitters. Reusing light emitted from the VR screen, LiGaze leverages photodiodes around a VR lens to measure reflected screen light in different directions. It then infers gaze direction by exploiting pupil's light absorption property. The core of LiGaze is to deal with screen light dynamics and extract changes in reflected light related to pupil movement. LiGaze infers a 3D gaze vector on the fly using a lightweight regression algorithm. We design and fabricate a LiGaze prototype using off-the-shelf photodiodes. Our comparison to a commercial VR eye tracker (FOVE) shows that LiGaze achieves 6.3° and 10.1° mean within-user and cross-user accuracy. Its sensing and computation consume 791μW in total and thus can be completely powered by a credit-card sized solar cell harvesting energy from indoor lighting. LiGaze's simplicity and ultra-low power make it applicable in a wide range of VR headsets to better unleash VR's potential.