cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Functioning Predictors of Adjustment in Children with Newly Diagnosed Cancer: A Prospective Analysis

Theoretically-driven investigations on the potentially modifiable predictors of individual differences among newly-diagnosed pediatric cancer patients may facilitate the identification of children at risk for adjustment problems. Within a risk and resistance conceptual model, family functioning was investigated concurrently and prospectively as a predictor of adjustment in newly-diagnosed pediatric cancer patients at Time 1 (within 1 month after diagnosis), Time 2 (6 months postdiagnosis), and Time 3 (9 months postdiagnosis). The family relationship dimensions of cohesion and expressiveness most consistently predicted the psychological and social adjustment of children with newly-diagnosed cancer over a 9-month period after initial diagnosis. These findings are discussed in terms of the treatment implications for enhancing child adjustment to newly-diagnosed cancer and biomedical treatment.
Economic Restructuring and Intra-generational Class Mobility in Mexico

This paper compares men's career opportunities and intra-generational class mobility across periods with markedly different development strategies in Mexico. Despite its significance for social stratification and inequality in Mexico, research on mobility has been relatively scant in recent decades. Using data from the National Retrospective Demographic Survey, my analysis connects development strategies to individual career opportunities by comparing intra-generational class mobility across three cohorts of Mexican men. Results show that occupational opportunities failed to keep pace with rising human capital in Mexico under the neoliberal regime. Instead, entry and mobility into good jobs became more difficult to achieve and downward mobility more prevalent even among highly educated workers.
Critical tests of a new master equation approach to nonadiabatic quantum dissipative systems

Using the spin-boson model as an example, we test the accuracy of a new master equation approach to quantum dissipative problems. The master equation approach is based an approximate resummation to all orders in the nonadiabatic coupling of the exact memory kernel as well as an inhomogeneous term that represents the effects of nonequilibrium preparation. The method is tested against recent numerically exact calculations of Thoss et al. in the difficult region of parameter space for which several energy scales are comparable. The asymptotic behavior of population correlations at zero temperature are also investigated. The method proves to be remarkably accurate in such cases. Finally, we discuss the extension of the method for anharmonic baths, nonlinear coupling and multiple electronic states.
It's deeper than rap, toward culturally responsive CS

Using hip-hop lyrics and artificial intelligence to engage more students in computer science based on their cultural background.
Strength training effect in young and aged women.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of isometric strength training of the nondominant left abductor digiti minimi muscles of young and aged women. The ten young subjects, mean age 22.6 years, were all nursing students. The ten older subjects, mean age 69.2 years, did not constitute a similar homogeneous group, although they all lived in the metropolitan area of Richmond, VA. All subjects were volunteers. Training consisted of each subject performing 20 maximal isometric contractions of the left abductor digiti minimi three times weekly for six weeks. A pretest and six weekly measurements of strength were made on a strain gauge. Significant strength increases were found for the pretest-posttest measurements within each group at the same p
Magnesium sulfate-induced water secretion in hamster small intestine.

Possible mechanisms of magnesium sulfate (MgSO/sup 4/)-induced diarrhea were studied. In vivo perfusion of hamster small intestine with an isotonic electrolyte solution containing 50 mM MgSO/sub 4/ produced nearly three times as much fluid secretion as did a solution containing an equiosmotic amount of mannitol. It was found that magnesium was absorbed at a faster rate than mannitol under these conditions, suggesting that differences in solute permeability do not explain the differences in secretory rates. Magnesium ion rather than sulfate appeared largely responsible for the effect as replacement of sulfate with chloride did not diminish the response. MgSO/sub 4/ perfusion of a proximal intestinal segment did not affect water transport in an isolated distal segment suggesting that release of cholecystokinin or alterations in serum levels of other hormones were not responsible. Intestinal permeability, morphology, and cyclic nucleotide levels were normal after MgSO/sub 4/ perfusion. Thus, MgSO/sub 4/-induced diarrhea cannot be explained by the usual mechanisms, and additional processes responsible for intestinal secretion must exist.
Implementation of set-based design in multidisciplinary design optimization

Set-based design is a design approach where feasible regions for the design variables are determined from different disciplines, with the goal of locating and working with the areas of feasible overlap. During the process the constraints are adjusted in order to accommodate conflicting requirements between disciplines. The main objective of set-based design is to narrow the design space, while delaying the pursuit of a single point design as much as possible. This process avoids finalizing decisions early and allows for flexibility in dealing with requirement creep. This paper presents the development and application of a new multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) algorithm inspired by the principles of set-based design. The new MDO algorithm was developed with the core concept of describing the design using sets to incorporate features of set-based design and achieve greater flexibility than with a single-point optimization. The MDO algorithm was applied to a ship design problem and the ship design application demonstrated the value of utilizing set-based design as a space-reducing technique before approaching the problem with a point-based optimization. Furthermore, incorporating flexibility in the constraints allowed the optimization to handle a problem with very strict constraints in a rational manner and minimize the necessary constraint violation.
Percutaneous transluminal radiofrequency closure of the coronary artery in animal studies

The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of a novel method for the selective transcoronary closure of small coronary arteries by the intraluminal application of radiofrequency (RF) energy. Twenty-six small (diameter of 1–2 mm) coronary artery branches were selected in 13 dogs. An RF electrode wire (CRW-Zcy) was placed into the target vessel and a coronary balloon was used to transiently block the blood flow and limit damage to the proximal vessel. A therapeutic dosage of 20–30 W of RT energy every 10–30 sec (selected according the diameter of the target artery) was discharged via the CRW-Zcy inside a microcatheter two or three times in order to achieve arterial closure. A high dosage of 60 W every 120 sec of RF energy was used to conduct the safety study. All 26 branches were successfully closed resulting in the complete blockage of the antegrade and retrograde flows. The area of injury was limited to the target artery and the supplied myocardium. High-dose RF did not cause injury to the adjacent vessels and myocardium. The animals tolerated the procedure well without any untoward systemic effects. A follow-up angiography at two weeks revealed no evidence of recanalization or retrograde filling of the target artery. Percutaneous transluminal radiofrequency closure is a safe and effective interventional approach for closing the small coronary arteries, and is potentially valuable for further investigation.
Transcription of single base oligonucleotides by ribonucleic acid-directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase

The synthesis of DNA products complementary to artificial templates by the enzyme RNA-directed DNA polymerase isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus has been studied. Of the single base polyribonucleotides, poly (rC), poly(rA), and poly(rI) were active while poly (rG) and poly (rU) were almost inactive. The minimum length showing activity for an oligo (rC) template was 9; the minimum primer length of oligo(dG) was 3 or 4. In order to examine the fidelity of transcription, single base oligoribonucleotides of defined length were studied. Using (rC)13 as template and (dG)8as primer, the oligo (dG) product coelectrophoresed with the template. However, using (rA)-20 as template and (dT)10 as primer, a large (10-16s) product was formed. Similarly, using oligo (rI) (2.5S) as template and (dC)10 as primer, a large (greater than 22s) product was formed. No significant activity was obtained with oligo (rU) templates. RNA-directed DNA polymerase transcribes the various oligonucleotides differently: slippage with oligo (rA) and oligo (rI), faithful transcription with oligo (rC), and poor transcription with oligo (rU).
Dynamic electrothermal model of the ERBE nonscanning channels

The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) consists of three satellites, each carrying a set of three scanning and four nonscanning Earth-viewing radiometric channels. These instruments are used to monitor the components of the Earth's radiative energy budget, which include reflected solar radiation and Earth-emitted radiation. The current paper deals with high-order modeling of the nonscanning channels. The nonscanning instruments are active cavity radiometers which view the Earth with two fields of view, medium and wide, and in two wavelength intervals, visible (0.2 to 5.0 micrometers ) and total (0.2 to 50.0 micrometers ). The visible channels are equipped with a hemispherical fused silica filter dome which absorbs long wave radiation. The optical front-end of the nonscanning instruments, including the field-of- view limiter and the filter dome for the visible channels, is modeled using the Monte-Carlo ray-trace method. Work in progress includes a finite difference thermal diffusion model of the filter dome. When completed, this model will be integrated with an existing dynamic electrothermal model of the total channel. This will permit studies of the contamination of the cavity signal due to emission and scattering of radiation from the field-of-view limiter and filter dome. Reported are results for the optical and thermal radiative behavior of the optical front-end of the ERBE WFOV total and visible channels.
Abstract 4241: Isozyme-selective intracellular binding assay for histone deacetylases .

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The precise modulation of histone acetylation is crucial to cellular survival and control of reproduction.Misregulation of acetylation is often correlated with uncontrolled cellular proliferation, and general inhibition of histone deacetylases has proven to be an effective strategy in the treatment of some cancers. The underlying biology of histone deacetylases is however quite complex, with four classes of isozymes and a large number of interacting proteins that modulate the activity of each. The general scarcity of potent isozyme-selective HDAC inhibitors further complicates the task of deciphering individual isozyme activity in a cellular context. We now report a novel approach to monitoring the intracellular inhibition of single isozymes based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer from NanoLucTM, a small and exceedingly bright bioluminescent reporter. In our approach, a NanoLucTM fusion of the isozyme of interest is used in combination with an optimized fluorescent tracer. When bound, energy transfer occurs from the bioluminescent enzyme to the fluorescent probe. Displacement of the probe by a competitive inhibitor is then measured as a decrease in the energy transfer ratio, yielding IC50 data specific to the chosen isozyme. We demonstrate the ability to measure intracellular IC50 values of inhibitors against individual isozymes of class I and class IIb based on choice of the NanoLucTM fusion. Citation Format: Carolyn C. Woodroofe, Matthew B. Robers, Thomas A. Kirkland, Kevin Kupcho, Andrew L. Niles, Mei Cong, Keith V. Wood. Isozyme-selective intracellular binding assay for histone deacetylases . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4241
Abortion and Ownership

I explore two thought-experiments in Judith Jarvis Thomson’s important article, “A Defense of Abortion”: the violinist example and the people-seeds example. I argue (contra Thomson) that you have a moral duty not to unplug yourself from the violinist and also a moral duty not to destroy a people-seed that has landed in your sofa. Nevertheless, I also argue that there are crucial differences between the thought-experiments and the contexts of pregnancy due to rape or to contraceptive failure. In virtue of these differences, it would not follow from my conclusions about the violinist and people-seeds cases that abortion would not be permissible in a case of rape or in a case of voluntary intercourse with contraceptive failure.
A Continuous Fluorometric Assay for Phospholipases Using Polymerized Mixed Liposomes

Abstract A versatile continuous fluorometric assay for phospholipases A 2 , C, and D has been developed utilizing polymerized mixed liposomes made of pyrene-containing phospholipids (5 mol%) uniformly inserted in the polymerized liposomes of 1,2-bis[12-(lipoyloxy) dodecanoyl]- sn -glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (BLPG) and its derivatives. 1-Hexadecanoyl-2-(1-pyrenedecanoyl)- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine was used for phospholipase A 2 and N -(1-pyrenesulfonyl)-egg phosphatidyl ethanolamine for phospholipases C and D. Fluorescence emission of pyrene moieties in polymerized mixed liposomes was strongly quenched by BLPG molecules and, thus, the hydrolysis of pyrene-containing phospholipids and the subsequent displacement of pyrene moieties from the liposomes resulted in a large increase in fluorescence intensity. All the phospholipases tested selectively and rapidly hydrolyzed the inserted pyrene-containing phospholipids, which were readily monitored by measuring an increase in fluorescence emission at 380 nm. Assay conditions for individual phospholipases were optimized by altering interfacial properties of polymerized liposomes, such as surface charge, and subsequently by changing the chemical structure of hydrolyzable phospholipids. Phospholipase activities were linearly proportional to enzyme concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 50 ng. Specific activity determined for phospholipases from a wide variety of sources ranged from 0.5 to 100 μmol/min/mg. Polymerized mixed liposomes are exceptionally stable against chemical and physical degradation and the assay requires only a small amount of pyrene-containing phospholipids. In addition, the polymerized matrix of BLPG (and its derivatives), due to its inertness to the phospholipase hydrolysis, allows the direct measurement of the equilibrium dissociation constant for a protein-liposome complex.
The Meaning of “Cabin Fever”

Elicitation interviews on the topic of “cabin fever” were carried out with a sample of 35 Minnesota men and women, ages 17 to 84. Informant conceptions of cabin fever overlapped but were not identi...
Mode-coupling contributions to the nonlinear shear viscosity.

Three different results for the nonanalytic dependence of the shear viscosity on shear rate have been given. This discrepancy is resolved by an independent calculation based on the nonlinear Navier-Stokes-Langevin equations. The relationship to previous calculations and reasons for the differences are described.
The Implementation of the Integrated Information Center at the University of Minnesota.

The implementation and operation of the Integrated Information Center (IIC) can be divided into three, relatively distinct phases corresponding roughly to the 3 years of the grant, from October 1990 to September 1993. This article presents the story of each phase of the implementation. Phase I: October 1990–August 1991 The project commenced with the assumption that the proposed model Integrated Information Center (IIC) would be implemented. As originally envisioned in the proposal, the IIC was to have taken the lead in the management of the information technologies and resources of the two academic units. The management of the information systems functions within those academic units, while not necessarily subsumed entirely within the IIC, was to be a primary responsibility of the IIC. The creation of the School of Management’s Office of Information Technology (OIT) and the hiring of its manager coincided with the beginning of the IIC project. The Manager of OIT as well as the Manager of Information Resources in the Institute of Public Affairs joined the planning effort for the IIC project. The Planning and Implementation Team spent a substantial part of the first year of the project in discussions about boundaries between the IIC and the emerging information centers within the School of Management (SOM) and the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA) pertaining to areas of responsibility regarding management of technologies, services to be provided, and clients to be served. The Planning and Implementation Team had difficulty reaching consensus on these jurisdictional issues and on the scope of the mission of the IIC relative to the other information centers. As the Planning Team continued to meet during the first year of implementation, it became evident that there was growing competition and conflict of interests between the IIC and the emerging SOM and IPA information centers. In order to resolve these issues of boundaries, a revised organizational model was adopted which became known as the ‘‘Mickey Mouse’’ model—Mickey’s head was the IIC and his ears were the SOM and IPA information centers. The ears represented the gateways for the flow of information to and from the primary client groups—the faculty and staff of the two units. This revised model incorporated all of the functions and services of the IIC, as outlined in the proposal, but represented a new organizational alignment between the IIC and the SOM and IPA information centers.
Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of retinoblastoma

Abstract Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, occurring in about one out of 15,000 live births. A century ago, the mortality rate with this malignancy was nearly 100%; today, it is less than 10%. Further-more, with recent advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, vision can often be preserved in one or both eyes. The approach to differential diagnosis utilized in the Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service is outlined, and various diagnostic tests are described and illustrated. Procedures for examination under anesthesia are also detailed; it is emphasized that the physician should be prepared to institute appropriate treatment at the time of examination under anesthesia. Depending on the extent and nature of tumor involvement, treatment might consist of enucleation, external radiation, episcleral plaque irradiation, photocoagulation, cryotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these modalities. Indications, techniques and complications of each modality are discussed.
Antenna beam shaping using a non-uniform array antenna

To guarantee service quality, it is desirable to shape the antenna pattern so that it provides uniform gain over the intended service region. The beam shaping design example used in this paper demonstrates how the minimax algorithm shapes the antenna mainlobe to circular and elliptical beams and does so in such manner that the shape of the antenna mainlobe matches the geographical contour of the continental United States. The array antennas used in this simulation study are 148 and 244 non-uniformly spaced element antennas.
Altered lysosomal positioning affects lysosomal functions in a cellular model of Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary and devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin protein. Understanding the functions of normal and mutant huntingtin protein is the key to revealing the pathogenesis of HD and developing therapeutic targets. Huntingtin plays an important role in vesicular and organelle trafficking. Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that integrate several degradative pathways and regulate the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In the present study, we found that the perinuclear accumulation of lysosomes was increased in a cellular model of HD derived from HD knock-in mice and primary fibroblasts from an HD patient. This perinuclear lysosomal accumulation could be reversed when normal huntingtin was overexpressed in HD cells. When we further investigated the functional significance of the increased perinuclear lysosomal accumulation in HD cells, we demonstrated that basal mTORC1 activity was increased in HD cells. In addition, autophagic influx was also increased in HD cells in response to serum deprivation, which leads to premature fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes. Taken together, our data suggest that the increased perinuclear accumulation of lysosomes may play an important role in HD pathogenesis by altering lysosomal-dependent functions.
Traumatic longitudinal disruption of the carpus

Traumatic longitudinal disruption of the carpus is a rare injury that usually occurs through a weak point between the third and fourth metacarpals and the capitate and hamate. Three cases are reported; all injuries were work related and occurred with a broad crushing injury to the hand and wrist. Two patients were treated by fasciotomies, a carpal tunnel release, and excision of a fractured hook of the hamate. The third patient was treated with carpal tunnel release and percutaneous pinning of a wide diastasis. Despite the return of wrist motion, pinch and grip strength remained below normal range in all three patients at follow-up examinations.
Improvement of tomato flavor by genetically increasing sugar and acid contents

Advanced high sugar and acid breeding lines of tomatoes (Lycopersion esculentum Mill.) were rated higher in sweetness, sourness and overall flavor intensity than the standard cultivars Cal Ace or T3. Titratable acidity and soluble solids content were major contributors to differences in overall flavor intensity. The results demonstrate that significant improvement in tomato flavor can be attained by increasing sugar and acid contents in tomato fruits by genetic manipulation. Current evidence indicates that breeding for high soluble solids in horticulturally acceptable tomato cultivars is justified.
The Psychology of Group Processes

Why Particular Topics Have Been Studied .. Overlooked Topics in Research . Characteristics of Research on Groups .. RECENT RESEARCH .. Cognitive Behavior in Groups ..
Costly Evidence Production and the Limits of Verifiability

This paper explores the limits of “verifiability” induced by the process of costly evidence production in contractual relationships of complete information. I study how the cost of providing evidence (disclosing documents) influences the set of enforceable contracts. I show that evidence cost can be both beneficial and detrimental with regard to enlarging the set of settlement outcomes that can be implemented. Further, I study how what can be considered verifiable is influenced by parties’ incentives to produce evidence and by the particular evidence cost structure. My analysis includes the opportunity for contracting parties to renegotiate (or settle) prior to the enforcement phase. I also study how the availability of redundant documents expands the set of enforceable contracts, and discuss the relevance of my findings to the design of legal institutions.
Male Gender Is Associated With Intraventricular Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE The goal was to examine the association of gender with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in a large national database. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample database was analyzed for the years 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, and 2004 and its pediatrics version for the years 1997, 2000, and 2003. The National Inpatient Sample and its pediatrics version are annually collected databases for inpatient admissions from >1000 hospitals across the United States. We included all very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight [BW] of <1500 g) and excluded infants with major congenital anomalies. VLBW infants with IVH or PVL were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnostic codes. We analyzed the data by using chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and logistic regression analysis to control for possible confounders. RESULTS The data included 104 847 VLBW infants. With controlling for significant confounders, IVH was associated with male gender (15.9% vs 13.6%; adjusted OR [AOR]: 1.15 [95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.19]; P < .001). More boys than girls had severe IVH (38% vs 32.7%; AOR: 1.18 [95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.32]; P < .004). The increased rates of IVH and severe IVH in boys were significant in the BW subgroups of <1000 g and 1000 to 1499 g. The association of male gender with IVH and severe IVH was more significant in infants of 1000 to 1499 g (AOR: 1.19 vs 1.14; P = .006). The incidence of PVL in VLBW infants was 0.41%, and rates did not differ between genders (0.38% vs 0.43%; P = .42). CONCLUSIONS Compared with girls, VLBW male newborns are at greater risk to develop IVH and severe IVH but not PVL. The association of male gender with IVH or severe IVH is stronger with higher BWs.
Penetration of plasma surface modification into porous media. III. Multiple samples exposed to CF4 and C2F4 low temperature cascade arc torch

The depth and possible mechanisms of the penetration of surface modification into porous media by a low temperature cascade are torch are investigated. Two different modes of such penetration (“flow controlled” and “diffusion controlled”) are evaluated. Three porous samples [stacks of 10 sheets of nonwoven fabrics of poly(ethylene terephthalate)each], placed at an axial distance of 24, 28, and 32 cm from the cascade are anode, are exposed to a low temperature cascade arc torch containing argon and CF4 or C2F4, and surface properties of each of the sheets within treated porous samples are examined by ESCA. It is shown that interaction of chemically reactive species, created in the low temperature cascade arc torch, with the surface is not limited to the surface directly contacted by the torch. The flow controlled penetration is more pronounced for the outer layers, while diffusion controlled penetration is within the inner layers of the porous structure. Substantial differences in the fluorination effect of CF4 (nonpolymer forming gas) and C2F4 (polymer forming gas) discharges for the second and third stacks are observed, that can be explained by the fact that the major effect of the CF4 cascade arc torch treatment is based on the reaction of reactive species with the surface polymer molecules. The effect of C2F4 cascade arc torch treatment is based on the reactions of reactive species with polymers as well as reactions of reactive species themselves at the surface (plasma polymerization). Reactivity of the species created in C2F4 discharge is much higher compared to that created in CF4 discharge, which is one of the major factors influencing penetration trends of low temperature cascade arc treatment into porous media. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
UV LEDs for fluorescence detection of biological particles: from materials to applications

We demonstrate a compact system, incorporating a 32-element linear array of ultraviolet (290 nm and 340 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a multi-anode photomultiplier tube, to the in-flight fluorescence detection of aerosolized particles, here containing the biological molecules tryptophan and NADH. This system illustrates substantial advances in the growth and fabrication of new semiconductor UV light emitting devices and an evolution in packaging details for LEDs tailored to the bio-aerosol warning problem.
Unique Postsynaptic Signaling at the Hair Cell Efferent Synapse Permits Calcium to Evoke Changes on Two Time Scales

The cholinergic efferent fibers to the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the mammalian cochlea suppress sound-evoked activity of the auditory nerve on two time scales via one nicotinic receptor. A rapid action (tens of milliseconds) is responsible for modulating auditory nerve responses to acoustic stimulation. A slower action (tens of seconds) may protect the ear from acoustic overstimulation. The rapid action is likely caused by calcium influx through the nicotinic receptor that leads to opening of calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels, but the mechanism of the slower action has not been explained. To investigate this mechanism, we perfused the cochlea with agents that alter intracellular calcium release and uptake. Both fast and slow effects were enhanced by perfusion of the cochlea with ryanodine, an agonist of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). Antagonists of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), cyclopiazonic acid, and thapsigargin (1) selectively enhanced the magnitude of slow effects, (2) prevented the diminution of slow effects with continued efferent stimulation, and (3) spread the range of frequencies over which slow effects were observed. We propose that the slow effect is attributable to release of calcium from the subsurface cisterna of the OHC, perhaps triggered by CICR from the synaptic cisterna; the two time scales of efferent action may result from the unique arrangement of the two cisternae in the baso-lateral region of the OHC.
A Mathematical Model for the Reduction of Neck Tension

Tension in the muscles of the neck has been found to be a major contributing factor to pain and discomfort among office workers. It was the purpose of this study to produce a mathematical model for the prediction of neck muscle tension based on source document placement at a word processing workstation. 20 subjects were electromyographically sampled for levels of neck muscle tension during both reading and typing tasks in six different source document positions. Measures of head position were also taken in each document position under each condition. From this data a series of regression equations was developed which predict neck muscle tension based on both document position and head position.
Modulating and scanning the mode-lock frequency of an 800-MHz femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser.

An 800-MHz self-mode-locked femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser has been developed whose mode-lock frequency can be robustly scanned and modulated. The laser is based on the three-element design of Ramaswamy-Paye Fujimoto [Opt. Lett.19, 1756 (1994)]. By translation and modulation of the position of the prismatic output coupler, the mode-lock frequency can be reliably scanned more than 1% and modulated at 80??Hz with a deviation of 2.5??kHz without interrupting the mode lock, changing the pulse length, or inducing significant amplitude modulation. An application in tunable high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy is also demonstrated.
The trading function in action

This paper describes a commercial software and hardware platform for telecommunications and multimedia processing. The software architecture loosely follows the CORBA and ODP standards of distributed computing and supports a number of application types on different hardware configurations. This paper is the result of lessons learned in the process of designing, building, and modifying an industrial telecommunications platform. In particular, the use of the trading function in the design of the system led to such benefits as support for the dynamic evolution of the system, the ability to dynamically add services and data types to a running system, support for heterogeneous systems, and a simple design performing well enough to handle traffic in excess of 40,000 busy-hour calls.
Terrorist Suspect Religious Identity and Public Support for Harsh Interrogation and Detention Practices

Does the U.S. public’s support for the use of harsh interrogation and detention practices against terrorism suspects depend upon the religious identity of the alleged perpetrators? Some scholarly research indicates greater public acceptance for abridging the rights of Muslims after 9/11. This is consistent with literature suggesting that heightened perception of threat decreases popular tolerance for racial, ethnic, and religious outgroups. This study executes a survey experiment and finds respondents to be more permissive of the use of extraordinary detention practices, such as indefinite detention and denying suspects access to legal counsel and civilian criminal courts, against terror suspects identified as Muslims. Furthermore, the study reveals that respondents are significantly less likely to treat domestic, right-wing terrorist suspects with extraordinary detention, suggesting ingroup leniency.
Ultraviolet A1 phototherapy beyond morphea: experience in 83 patients.

Summary Background/Purpose Ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy has been used for over 15 years in the United States, primarily for the treatment of localized sclerosis and various sclerosing disorders. The objective was to describe use of UVA1 for dermatoses beyond localized sclerosis at two academic institutions. Methods Data from 83 patients treated with low- (20–40 J/cm2), medium- (>40–80 J/cm2), and high- (>80–120 J/cm2) dose UVA1 phototherapy was retrospectively analyzed. The mean individual treatment dose (J/cm2), the mean number of sessions, and the mean total dose (J/cm2) were evaluated. Effectiveness was assessed by reviewing clinical examination notes from office visits. Results Good therapeutic efficacy was seen in patients with systemic sclerosis (SS, 16 patients), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD, 25 patients), and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF, 17 patients). A statistically significant a dose–response association was observed in the cases of SS, GVHD and NSF. Likelihood of clinical improvement from UVA1 phototherapy was very likely for medium- and high-dose regimens in SS, while this level of improvement was only observed in GVHD and NSF patients receiving high-dose UVA1. Conclusion UVA1 phototherapy is effective and safe in the treatment of GVHD, NSF, SS, and mast cell disorders. High-dose regimens appear to be more effective than medium- and low-dose regimens for NSF and GVHD, while medium- and high-dose regimens outperform low-dose UVA1 in SS.
A 3–10mW, 3.1–10.6GHz integer-N QPLL with reference spur reduction technique for UWB-based cognitive radios

An integer-N charge pump QPLL provides 3.168 – 10.56GHz lock range, −108.38dBc/Hz phase noise at 1MHz offset, and −59.42dBc reference spur with digital calibration technique for charge pump mismatch while consuming 10.1mW at 10.56GHz with 4-divder at the output. A wideband low power TSPC programmable divider supports 57 sub-bands. It is implemented in a 1V 65nm CMOS process. Active area is 0.12mm2.
Magnetic resonance imaging as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease

Although a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) remains an unfulfilled objective, there have been numerous developments in MRI methodology and some of these have shown promise for PD. With funding from the National Institutes of Health and the Michael J Fox Foundation there will be further validation of structural, diffusion-based, and iron-focused MRI methods as possible biomarkers for PD. In this review, these methods and other strategies such as neurochemical and metabolic MRI have been covered. One of the challenges in establishing a biomarker is in the selection of individuals as PD is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical features, different etiologies, and a range of pathologic changes. Additionally, longitudinal studies are needed of individuals with clinically diagnosed PD and cohorts of individuals who are at great risk for developing PD to validate methods. Ultimately an MRI biomarker will be useful in the diagnosis of PD, predicting the course of PD, providing a means to track its course, and provide an approach to select and monitor treatments.
An exploratory study of the academic engagement and beliefs of Latino male high school students

AbstractThis study provides insights to the school experiences of Latino male students through an exploration of how they describe their beliefs about education and how they engage in school for academic success. Data is drawn from interviews and surveys conducted with Latino males that participated in New York University’s Black and Latino Male School Intervention Study (BLMSIS) between 2006 and 2011. The findings revealed a dynamic interplay among how the students ‘do school’ (behavioral engagement), their intellectual involvement (cognitive engagement), and their strong beliefs in the education for social mobility shaped schooling for them. This focus on the experiences of young Latino males seeks to assist researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike design and implement programs and policies to promote their educational progress and success.
Two Years of the Shelf Project

This article celebrates the two-year anniversary of the Shelf Project and includes an inventory of the proposals made in Tax Notes in the semi-monthly column. The Shelf Project is a collaboration of tax professionals from practice and academics to create and develop ideas to raise revenue by protecting the tax base. A broad, unavoidable, investment neutral tax base keeps tax rates as low as is feasible and minimizes the harm that taxes do to the private economy. Congress will need to continue deficit spending in 2010, but the revenue needs thereafter amount to a serious crisis. Provisions that are politically impossible in ordinary times become political necessities in the impending revenue crisis.
The Needham Puzzle Reconsidered: Organizations, Organizing, and Innovation in China

This paper discusses some aspects of innovation in China. As China seeks to transition to a knowledge-based economy, it may become more important for China to develop innovative technologies to sustain economic growth. How do China's history, culture, institutions, and organizations aid or hinder innovation? How does China's national innovation system compare to the innovation culture in the US, as well as other developed and emerging economies? What are the prospects for the future of the Chinese national innovation system? Our starting point is the Needham Puzzle – the paradox that while China was once a world leader in technological development, it fell behind; the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe rather than in China. Potential explanations for the Needham Puzzle may shed light on the challenges facing innovation in modern China. We identify three factors that might help explain the Needham Puzzle; assess how the Needham Puzzle and Chinese culture and history have affected the modern innovation system; discuss comparative aspects of innovation ecosystems in the United States and elsewhere; and suggest that Chinese innovation emphasizes exploitation and refinement of existing knowledge to the exploration and development of new knowledge. We also discuss implications for the future of innovation in China.
Effect of Solvent and Ancillary Ligands on the Catalytic H/D Exchange Reactivity of Cp*IrIII(L) Complexes

The reactivity of a series of Cp*IrIII(L) complexes that contain a diverse set of ancillary ligands, L, (L = PMe3, N-heterocyclic carbene, NHC = 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene, aqua, 4-t-butylpyridine, and 4-(2,4,6-tris-(4-t-butylphenyl)pyridinium)pyridine tetrafluoroborate) has been examined in catalytic H/D exchange reactions between C6H6 and a series of deuterated solvents (methanol-d4, acetic acid-d4, and trifluoroacetic acid-d1). These studies demonstrate that (1) the mechanism of catalytic H/D exchange is significantly influenced by the nature of the solvent; (2) electron-donating ligands (PMe3, NHC) promote the formation of Ir hydrides in methanol-d4, and these are critical intermediates in catalytic H/D exchange processes; and (3) weak/poorly donating ligands (4-t-butylpyridine, 4-(2,4,6-tris-(4-t-butylphenyl)pyridinium)pyridine tetrafluoroborate and aqua) can support efficient H/D exchange catalysis in acetic acid-d4.
EXCLUSION OF THE ROLE OF SECONDARY CONTACT IN AN ALLELE FREQUENCY CLINE IN THE MUSSEL MYTILUS EDULIS.

Summary. -We examined the hypothesis that secondary contact generates an allele-frequency cline at the aminopeptidase-I locus (Lap) in the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis. It has been proposed that variation at the Lap locus is neutral and that the cline results from secondary contact between differentiated oceanic and estuarine populations (Levinton, 1980). We tested this hypothesis by comparing the genotypic distributions in samples from the cline to distributions that incorporate mixing effects. We employed a statistical model that determines the degree of contact using a maximum likelihood estimator and then incorporates the mixing estimates into an expected distribution of genotypes. Wahlund effects resulting from possible admixture are thereby incorporated into the expected distribution. Failure of the model to reconcile the observed with the expected distribution of genotypes indicates that the observed population structure does not result from admixture. The null hypothesis of mixing was unable to explain about 33% of the samples. Combined tests demonstrated the general departure from the mixing model to be highly significant. The distribution of heterozygote discrepancies across the cline was inconsistent with the expectations of a mixing model. Therefore we reject explanations for the structure of the Lap cline that involve secondary contact. Selection directed at the Lap locus appears necessary to explain the genotypic structure of clinal populations.
Experimental Study on Transfer Overvoltage of Voltage Transformer in GIS

In order to research the transfer characteristics of very fast transient overvoltage(VFTO)in gas insulated switch-gear(GIS) voltage transformer,a Class B wave monitoring device combining the generation,control and measurement of Class B to the shock wave into one has been developed in this paper base on the limits on GIS transformer's over-voltage and testing requirements in "GB20840.1-2010 Transformer General Technical Requirements".The transfer overvoltage experiment has been performed using this device to test the transmitted overvoltage of 110kV GIS voltage transformer,the result of which show that the device will meet the requirements of IEC and the national standards.Moreover,the conclusion of the transfer overvoltage of GIS voltage transformer possesses a linear transferring characteristic has been obtained.
Surveillance of Measles Immunization in Population of Yuxi City

[Objective] To understand the status of measles immunization in population of Yuxi City,and provide evidence for developing measures of accelerating the elimination of measles.[Methods]A total of 2545 cases were selected from people aged 1~60 years with stratified PPS method.Hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test was conducted for measles HI antibody detection.[Results]The total positive rate of HI antibody was 97.72 %,valence rate of protection was 75.44%.Antibody geometric mean titer(GMT)was 19.70%.Positive rate was lowest in 1~3 years age group;valence rate of protection,GMT was lowest in 16~20 years and 21~25 years age groups,comparing with other age groups,the differences were significant;Population immunity level was highest in dam area.[Conclusion]Measles antibody levels of population in Yuxi City can control epidemic and outbreak of measles,but can not block incoming cases or sporadic cases.Implementation of targeted immunization of measles vaccine and general immunization strategies on infants and adolescents is of great importance in accelerating the elimination of measles.
Keeping Promises: Translating Basic Research Into New Spinal Cord Injury Therapies

Centuries of medical wisdom-namely that spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment was limited to caretaking until the patients inevitably succumbed to complications-has given way to tremendous medical and research advancements. The prognosis for survival after SCI improved significantly after World War II, leading to the largest population of people aging with chronic SCI in history. Despite the general lack of optimism for functional recovery after SCI, the spinal cord has proven to be one of the most attractive systems for studying central nervous system plasticity. Predictions of clinical applications derived from basic findings now routinely accompany reports of evidence for spinal axon regeneration. This has led to great debate in the SCI research community about the level and quality of evidence needed to select truly promising candidate therapies. This article reviews the basis for optimism in the new understanding of the processes of degeneration after SCI and the mechanisms of regeneration. The emphasis is on neuroprotective and reparative strategies emerging from the animal literature, and on the steps remaining to be taken to translate these into effective clinical trials of new therapies. Examples of the translational process in related areas of brain injury and stroke are cited, as well as the specific issues relating to the needs of individuals with SCI.
Multiaxial Testing to Determine Material Behavior for Design of Energy Related Structures

The development of energy resources requires the construction of facilities that often are subjected to severe environmental conditions. The ability to analyze and design structural components that are required to sustain high temperatures and stresses plays a crucial role in the economy and sometimes in the feasibility of the facility. Examples of such components are the prestressed concrete reactor vessels (PCRV), pillars in deep coal mines, and roofs in oil shale mines used for in situ retorting.
Analytical Method for Residues of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides in Agricultural Products

Dithiocarbamate fungicide residues in agricultural products were determined by measuring the decomposition products.Dithiocarbamate fungicides were divided into two groups, ziram type (dimethyldithiocarbamate) and zineb type (ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate).The ziram type was extracted with chloroform and measured as dimethylamine after acid hydrolysis. The dimethylamine was quantitated by gas chromatography of its benzenesulfonyl derivative using a flame photometric detecting system (FPD).The zineb type was measured as ethylenediamine after hydrolysis with acidic stannous chloride. The ethylenediamine was quantitated by FPD gas chromatography of its methanesulfonyl derivative.The recovery of ziram added to crops was in the range of 64 to 93%. That of zineb added to crops was in the range of 67 to 91%.Three samples were found to contain 1.8-4.8ppm of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate.
Workplace Bullying: Not a Manager’s Right?

Previous research on workplace bullying has narrowed its subjective boundaries by drawing heavily from psychological and social-psychological perspectives. However, workplace bullying can also be u...
Integration by Parts Twice

It is very tempting to use Maple to implement the “integrate by parts twice and solve for the unknown integral” technique used for evaluating that classic integral $$\int {{e^{ax}}\sin (bx)dx} $$ Typically, when the realization first hits that Maple should be able to do the repeated integration by parts, the focus becomes “can I be clever enough to get Maple to do this” or “is Maple powerful enough to do it.”