cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further Remarks on Selection Effects in Spectroscopic Observations of QSOs

WILLS1 has criticized our suggestion2 that the distribution of quasar redshifts may well be significantly affected by observational selection effects and that consequently no conclusions should be drawn from the raw distribution. We wish that Wills's presentation had convinced us that our concern is unjustified; this, however, is not the case.
Application of an environmental scanning electron microscope to micromechanical fabrication

Current advanced methods of micromechanical fabrication require expensive tooling or are restricted to the fabrication of lateral-shaped microstructures. To overcome these limitations, recent efforts have usedmicroscale additive freeform fabrication (AFF) methods to prototype micromechanical structures. However, these laser-based methods are limited in resolution. To improve the resolution of microscale AFF methods, an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used to prototype several electron-beam (EB)-based microscale AFF processes. The results showed that the ESEM is capable of demonstrating process feasibility for EB-based microscale AFF.
From here to there: CQ's review and publication practices

Excerpt] With this, my second issue as editor Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, I will take the opportunity to provide some derailed information on the process through which manuscripts are submitted and editorial decisions ultimately made. I am hopeful that this will prove useful to potential writers for Cornell Quarterly, and may also be informative to readers who want to know more about how papers get chosen for this journal.
Dystonia secondary to electrical injury: surface electromyographic evaluation and implications for the organicity of the condition

We describe a patient who developed right arm dystonia following an electrical injury. The patient's arm remained adducted, and flexed at the elbow and wrist, with all movement resulting in pain and tremor. Surface electromyographic evaluation revealed constant tonic activity of multiple upper and lower arm muscles at rest, that was not distractible. Voluntary and passive movement of the elbow or wrist resulted in high amplitude EMG activity, with motor grouping at 11 Hz at the elbow and 8 Hz at the wrist. Although a diagnosis of psychogenic dystonia was entertained, the stereotyped nature of the movement disorder and lack of variability on clinical and surface EMG evaluation support an organic disorder that was temporally-related to an electrical injury.
Development and validation of LC–ESI-MS method for sensitive, accurate and rapid determination of UC-781 in New Zealand white rabbit plasma

Abstract The highly potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor UC-781 is under development as a potential microbicide to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A sensitive and reproducible liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method has been developed and validated for the quantification of the drug in New Zealand white rabbit plasma after liquid–liquid extraction procedure. The method was validated over the range of 1–500 ng mL−1. Average recoveries of the extraction method were high and consistent: 72%. The method is accurate with average accuracies over three QC (n = 30) concentrations ranging from 99.9% to 106.1%, and precise (within-day and between-day precision measures ranging from 2.2% to 9.9% and 6.50% to 9.0%, respectively). Plasma from other three species proved that extraction method did no affect analyte and internal standard stability. Due to its critical and consequential use, this assay could be readily used for investigational or clinical monitoring of plasma concentrations for low concentration as 1 ng mL−1 without interference.
Data processing documentation instruction books what's new and what's best

These four new books can be divided into basically two groups; the Skees and Van Duyn books are reference handbooks that give the reader a generalized view of good documentation. These books claim to enable the data processing documentation writer to handle any and all problems that can arise in the area of writing. Such books usually begin with a section on the mechanics of writing and some considerations of general document development. They conclude with a quick overview of how to apply these general considerations in some specific documentation situations such as reports, procedures, manuals, proposals, or technical articles for publication.
The Minnesota system for cardiorespiratory assistance: test of a new system on dogs.

Abstract Venoarterial extracorporeal partial bypass, with asynchronous and synchronous pulsatile perfusion with aortic arch coagulation, was studied in 17 sedated male dogs for up to 24 h, and they were followed up for i month. A specially developed preperfusion drug protocol is described, which allowed the use of homologous blood for both prime and fluid replacement. Five animals survived long-term asynchronous bypass, which was characterized by a reduction in mean aortic and peak left ventricular pressures, left ventricular work index, and tension-time index. Cardiac index was maintained throughout the bypass interval. Viscerocutaneous blood flow was increased and systemic arterial oxygenation was improved. Damage to formed elements of the blood or to coagulation factors was minimal. Synchronized pumping at flows 1200–2000 ml/min resulted in successful augmentation of diastolic pressure. Aortic root pressure curves indicated the presence of ‘ejection phenomenon’ in early diastole and an elastic recoil pressure wave in late diastole. As a result of these studies, we are now developing a mobile cardiorespiratory assistance unit which combines synchronous pulsatile perfusion with membrane oxygenation and monitoring sensors.
Exploring optical multilevel information storage using subwavelength-sized media structures

Can complex 3D subwavelength-sized structures molded in plastic optical ROM media be interrogated by a diffraction-limited focused spot for the retrieval of multilevel information? Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are used to examine the reflected intensity fields from such structures. The results presented show that such information retrieval is possible.
"She Would've Still Made That Face Expression": The Use of Multiple Literacies by Two African American Young Women

The article discusses a multiple literacies and traditional approach to literacy by drawing on the experiences of 2 African American young women in a high school English classroom. The article suggests that teachers who use a more traditional approach to literacy are more apt to view students of color as powerless, failing, struggling, and/or having low literacy abilities; whereas teachers who use a multiple literacies approach are more likely to interrogate power relations, and understand that students of color and students from historically underrepresented groups draw on their social and cultural interpretive frames to make meaning of the world around them and to create spaces of agency within the classroom.
Design Considerations for a Positron Emission Transaxial Tomograph (PETT III)

A whole body positron emission transaxial tomograph (PETT III) has been designed, constructed and is presently under clinical evaluation. The design of PETT III spatial resolution and sensitivity of annihilation coincidence detection (ACD), sampling considerations and importance of proper shielding are presented to evaluate some design considerations for an ACD tomograph. Tomographic studies of the brain and heart with human subjects are presented to demonstrate the image quality of PETT III under clinical conditions. (auth)
Applications of electronic shearography for the inspection of airskin structures

Electronic shearography has emerged as a promising new technology for non-contacting, full- field optical nondestructive evaluation. In particular, the `common-path' interferometric configuration that is typically used with shearography offers greater immunity to environmental disturbances as compared to traditional electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) or holographic interferometry. This advantage gives electronic shearography a potential edge for testing applications in industrial environments. This paper presents results of recent experiments towards evaluating the capability of electronic shearography for the inspection of aluminum airskin structures. The defect classifications targeted in this study included disbonds in adhesively bonded skins as well as fatigue cracks emanating from rivet holes. Selection of an effective loading strategy to isolate the defect regions in the fringe patterns was a primary consideration in this study, as with any type of interferometric inspection. Vacuum stressing proved effective locating disbonds while mechanical point loading with vacuum grippers was used to identify fatigue cracks. In each case, the resolution of the shearographic inspection technique was intrinsically dependent on the size of the field of view.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SU-FF-T-460: Comparison of Dose Distributions for Proton Machines with In-Room Energy Degradation with Variable Energy Machines

Purpose: To compare entrance and out‐of‐target dose values obtainable for single energy proton therapy treatment device with in‐room energy degradation with a device that has variable energy selection. Method and Materials:MCNPXMonte Carlo simulations are utilized to create a hypothetical dual‐scattering proton treatment delivery device in which a 250 MeV proton beam is delivered to the treatment room, independent of the desired treatment depth. Energy degradation is achieved in‐line using a carbon range shifter located 1.2 m upstream of the isocenter location. Calculations of in‐phantom depth‐dose and in‐air lateral and distance scans are performed for numerous range‐shifter and range‐modulator wheel settings to provide sufficient input data for a proton dose calculation algorithm. In‐phantom and patient dose distributions for this device are compared with those for a delivery device capable of variable room entrance energies from 70–210 MeV. Results: For a 6×6×4 cm3 target located at 10 cm and 5 cm depth in a water phantom, entrance doses for a single energy device are 69% and 73.8%, respectively, while the variable energy entrance doses are 61% and 64.4%. For a one‐field head‐and‐neck treatment plan, the single energy out‐of‐target doses are 5.7% higher than the variable energy device. Conclusions: The proton machine with in‐room energy degradation shows higher entrance dose than the machine with continuous entrance energy due to increased energy straggling in the beam. Further investigations are warranted to establish the potential clinical significance of such deviations. Conflict of Interest: This work was funded in part by Varian Medical Systems.
Approaches to refractory epilepsy

Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological conditions, and 30 to 40% of people with epilepsy have seizures that are not controlled by medication. Patients are considered to have refractory epilepsy if disabling seizures continue despite appropriate trials of two antiseizure drugs, either alone or in combination. At this point, patients should be referred to multidisciplinary epilepsy centers that perform specialized diagnostic testing to first determine whether they are, in fact, pharmacoresistant, and then, if so, offer alternative treatments. Apparent pharmacoresistance can result from a variety of situations, including noncompliance, seizures that are not epileptic, misdiagnosis of the seizure type or epilepsy syndrome, inappropriate use of medication, and lifestyle issues. For patients who are pharmacoresistant, surgical treatment offers the best opportunity for complete freedom from seizures. Surgically remediable epilepsy syndromes have been identified, but patients with more complicated epilepsy can also benefit from surgical treatment and require more specialized evaluation, including intracranial EEG monitoring. For patients who are not surgical candidates, or who are unwilling to consider surgery, a variety of other alternative treatments can be considered, including peripheral or central neurostimulation, ketogenic diet, and complementary and alternative approaches. When such alternative treatments are not appropriate or effective, quality of life can still be greatly improved by the psychological and social support services offered by multidisciplinary epilepsy centers. A major obstacle remains the fact that only a small proportion of patients with refractory epilepsy are referred for expert evaluation and treatment.
Hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, and postprandial hyperglycemia

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events and congestive heart failure. The improvement in outcomes for mortality in non-diabetic subjects over the last decade has not been matched in the diabetic patient. This may be due to a failure to intensify therapy in the diabetic patient. An essential part of this intensification includes treatment of hypertension. Lower blood pressure levels in the diabetic patient have been shown to be associated with a lower rate of cardiovascular events. Both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance are responsible for the increased prevalence of hypertension in the type 2 diabetic subject. Even non-diabetic insulin-resistant hypertensive subjects have higher post-prandial glucoses. The higher the post-prandial glucose, the greater is the risk of atherosclerosis, and lowering of post-prandial glucoses results in less cardiac events.
Transmission electron microscopy observations of deformation and fracture in nanolaminated Cu-Ni thin films

Deformation and fracture of nanolaminates have been investigated by in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) straining of cross-sectioned epitaxial Cu/Ni nanolaminates grown on Cu(001) single-crystal substrates. Initial deformation is accommodated by confined layer slip. With continued straining, unstable fracture occurs, creating a mixed-mode crack that propagates across the nanolaminate interfaces. Further straining results in stable crack growth with intense plastic deformation ahead of the crack tip extending over many bilayers in the direction of crack growth. However, the plastic zone is confined within a small distance normal to the crack. Post-mortem TEM, in general, did not reveal the presence of dislocations in the crack wake, except when the crack was deflected. By comparison, the plastic zone size in the substrate was greater by several of orders of magnitude.
High-affinity uptake of noradrenaline in postsynaptic neurones.

1. Neurotransmitters released from nerve endings are inactivated by re-uptake into the presynaptic nerve terminals and possibly into neighbouring glial cells. While analysing the functional properties of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the hypothalamus, we observed a high-affinity uptake process for noradrenaline in postsynaptic peptidergic neurones. 2. In primary hypothalamic cell cultures and in a hypothalamic neuronal cell line, [3H]-prazosin bound with high affinity and was displaced by unlabelled prazosin in concentrations of 10(-10) to 10(-7) M. However, at concentrations of unlabelled prazosin above 10(-7) M, there was a paradoxical increase in apparent [3H]-prazosin binding. 3. Methoxamine, an alpha 1-adrenoceptor ligand that is not subject to significant neuronal uptake, displaced [3H]-prazosin but did not cause the paradoxical increase in the apparent binding of [3H]-prazosin. Cooling the cells to 4 degrees C reduced the total amount of prazosin associated with the cells; under these conditions, methoxamine almost completely inhibited [3H]-prazosin binding to the cells. 4. In the presence of desipramine (DMI), unlabelled prazosin displaced [3H]-prazosin as before, but no paradoxical increase in apparent binding was seen above 10(-7) M. 5. The paradoxical increase of [3H]-prazosin binding was not observed in membrane preparations of hypothalamic neurones. These findings indicated that the paradoxical increase in apparent [3H]-prazosin binding was due to a cellular uptake process that becomes evident at high concentrations of the ligand. 6. DMI (10(-5) M) had no effect on the specific binding of [3H]-prazosin. The presence of alpha1-adrenoceptors was confirmed by binding of [125]-HEAT, but [3H]-idazoxan (an alpha2- ligand) did not bind to the cells.7. The uptake of prazosin obeyed the Michaelis-Menten model, with similar Km and Vmax values in both types of cultures.8. Noradrenaline was taken up with high affinity by both types of cultures. (+/-)-[3H]-noradrenaline uptake was reduced by DMI and by excluding sodium from the medium, indicating that this process has some of the properties of uptake 1. (+/-)-[3H]-noradrenaline uptake in the cell line was unaffected by testosterone.9. The measured uptake of (-)-noradrenaline in the cell line was considerably increased by blockade of catechol-omicron-methyl-transferase and monoamine oxidase, suggesting that (-)-noradrenaline is metabolized to lipophilic products that escape across the plasma membrane.10. Studies in rats, in which the noradrenaline isomer 6-hydroxydopamine was used, suggested that the post synaptic uptake process is operative in hypothalamic CRH and vasopressin neurones in vivo.11. The Km for (-)-noradrenaline was within the range for the high affinity uptake, process in noradrenergic neurones. Uptake takes place in concentrations at which noradrenaline activates alpha1-adrenoceptors.Removal of noradrenaline from the vicinity of the receptors may prevent desensitization,thus maintaining the responsiveness of postsynaptic neurones to the actions of the neurotransmitter.
Spider mite detection and canopy component mapping in cotton using hyperspectral imagery and spectral mixture analysis

Spectral mixture analysis and hyperspectral remote sensing are analytical and hardware tools new to precision agriculture. They can allow detection and identification of various crop stresses and other plant and canopy characteristics through analysis of their spectral signatures. One stressor in cotton, the strawberry spider mite (Tetranychusturkestani U.N.), feeds on plants causing leaf puckering and reddish discoloration in early stages of infestation and leaf drop later. To determine the feasibility of detecting the damage caused by this pest at the field level, AVIRIS imagery was collected from USDA-ARS cotton research fields at Shafter, CA on 4 dates in 1999. Additionally, cotton plants and soil were imaged in situ in 10 nm increments from 450 to 1050 nm with a liquid-crystal tunable-filter camera system. Mite-damaged areas on leaves, healthy leaves, tilled shaded soil, and tilled sunlit soil were chosen as reference endmembers and used in a constrained linear spectral mixture analysis to unmix the AVIRIS data producing fractional abundance maps. The procedure successfully distinguished between adjacent mite-free and mite-infested cotton fields although shading due to sun angle differences between dates was a complicating factor. The resulting healthy plant, soil, mite-damaged, and shade fraction maps showed the distribution and relative abundance of these endmembers in the fields. These hardware and software technologies can identify the location, spatial extent, and severity of crop stresses for use in precision agriculture.
Migraine, motion sensitivity, and temporal binding

Little is known about vestibular-related timing processes in patients with disequilibrium. Patients with a history of migraine headaches often complain of significant motion sensitivity and long-term vague imbalance inconsistent with a peripheral vestibular disorder. Some of these people have episodic spells of severe vertigo termed ‘vestibular migraines’. Other patients have no history of migraine but do report significant motion sensitivity. Motion sensitivity has typically been explained as a mismatch between the amplitude of vestibular and other (typically visual) sensory inputs. Another possibility is that motion sensitive patients may suffer from a mismatch in the temporal integration of vestibular and other sensory inputs. Here, we compared the temporal binding window (TBW) of vestibular + auditory stimuli in normal subjects, subjects with motion sensitivity, and those with both migraine and motion sensitivity. We asked subjects undergoing earth-vertical sinusoidal rotations at 0.5 Hz, 128°/s to identify whether a metronome-like series of tone bursts was synchronous with their cyclic motion. We calculated the TBW as the range in time encompassing the middle 68% of the area under the psychometric curve. The TBW in normal subjects was 312 ± 135 ms (mean ± SD), in subjects with motion sensitivity was 454 ± 103 ms, and in subjects with migraine and motion sensitivity was 451 ± 124 ms. The TBW of normal subjects was significantly shorter than the other groups. Temporal errors in perception, as manifested by a prolongation of the TBW, are a plausible mechanism for imbalance in patients with migraine and motion sensitivity.
France and the Gulf War of 1990–1991: Political‐military lessons learned

(1993). France and the Gulf War of 1990–1991: Political‐military lessons learned. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 339-374.
Nitration and Nitrosation by Peroxynitrite: Role of CO2 and Evidence for Common Intermediates

Peroxynitrite reacts with morpholine (MorH) to give both N-nitromorpholine (Mor-NO2) and N-nitrosomorpholine (Mor-NO). The pH profile of Mor-NO2 formation shows a bell-shaped curve with a maximum yield of 1.6 mol % (relative to peroxynitrite) centered around pH 9.0. Yields of Mor-NO, on the other hand, increase until the pH reaches 10.0 and then reach a plateau; the maximum yield of Mor-NO is 12 mol % relative to peroxynitrite. Both the nitration and nitrosation of MorH are catalyzed by low levels of CO2; however, excess CO2 dramatically reduces the yields of Mor-NO but not Mor-NO2, and the combined yields of Mor-NO and Mor-NO2 are about the same under conditions of high and low concentrations of CO2. These data indicate that both nitration and nitrosation by peroxynitrite are free radical processes. The morpholine radical (Mor•), formed from the reactions of carbonate and/or hydroxyl radicals with MorH, reacts with either •NO or •NO2 and serves as a common precursor for Mor-NO and Mor-NO2.
Discharge coefficients through perforated plates

The design variables that affect the pressure drop across dry perforated plates were determined and correlated. Average orifice coefficients were calculated for the perforated plates by using a modified form of the single-orifice flow equation. The variables which affected the orifice coefficients were found to be the hole diameter, hole pitch, plate thickness, fraction of the plate covered by the perforated area, and a Reynolds number based on the hole diameter. The orifice coefficients have been correlated with these variables in dimensionless groupings. The correlation presented covers a practicable range of variables for which the pressure drop may be predicted in design.
Fringe public relations: How activism moves critical pr toward the mainstream

Abstract The dominance of Excellence Theory in public relations theory and research may be eroding as contemporary issues in corporations, including the concern with activist challenges to reputation management and corporate social responsibility, increase in visibility and demand explanation. We argue that Excellence Theory‘s seemingly reluctant evolution has provided unsatisfactory treatments of concepts like power and activism, even though it has attempted to address some limitations of the symmetrical model's efficacy in responding to activist challenges. Excellence Theory‘s acknowledgment of once-vilified concepts like persuasion and power sets the stage for critical public relations theory and research to emerge as significantly more capable of addressing activist advocacy and concomitant issues. The paper argues that critical theory, buoyed by acceptance of its key concepts, its increasing access to presentation venues and journals sympathetic to once-marginalized, alternative perspectives, is poised to infiltrate the public relations orthodoxy. This possibility offers hope that once marginalized pluralistic approaches, especially critical public relations, may disrupt the colonization of the orthodoxy and infiltrate mainstream public relations.
Moisture Absorption of Polyester-E Glass Composites

Moisture absorption of polyester-E glass composites immersed in liquids and in humid air were investigated. The weights of the composites as a function of exposure time and temperature were measured for three different types of materials. Tests were performed a) with the materials immersed in distilled water, in saturated salt water, in No. 2 diesel fuel, in jet A fuel, in synthetic aviation lubricant, in gasoline, and b) with the materials exposed to humid air. The apparent maximum moisture contents and the apparent diffusivities were deduced from the data.
The jungle kings : ethnohistorical aspects of politics and ritual in Orissa

This book deals with kingship in Orissa. However, it is concerned neither with the great kingdoms of central Orissa, nor with the little kingdoms lying on the coast or in the fertile river valleys of Orissa, but with jungle kingdoms lying in the remote hinterland of south Orissa. The discussion is based on material collected by the author during extensive fieldwork and archival research in Orissa during the 1990s. Presenting and interpreting his ethnohistorical data, the author also addresses several issues of more general importance: the nature of kingship and the state in colonial and post-colonial India; the politics of ritual and the rituals of politics; the relation between kings and tribes, the Hinduization of tribal deities; the complementarity of tribal and royal principles of action and organization; or the uses of historical reconstructions as legitimating strategies. It is argued that these and other topics can be shown in new light, not although but because a political unit is the focus of research which hitherto has experienced hardly any scholarly attention: the jungle kingdom.
The rigid body obliquity history of Mars

The variations in the obliquity of Mars are considered to be the likely source of major climatic variations on that planet. This paper explores the range of uncertainty in the obliquity history of Mars associated with the present uncertainty in the axial precession rate, applying three different analytic techniques. It is shown that, within the observationally allowed range of axial precession rates, there are some intervals where the obliquity history of Mars is only weakly dependent on the precession rate, and other intervals where the obliquity is very sensitively dependent on the precession rate. A very wide range of obliquity histories are possible, including some which involve resonance passages within the relatively recent past. It is estimated that obliquities as high as 51.4 deg or as low as 0.2 deg may have occurred within the last ten million years.
The K-1 reusable aerospace vehicle: managing to achieve low cost

Abstract Kistler Aerospace Corporation is developing the world's first privately funded, fully reusable aerospace vehicle, the K-1. This vehicle represents a new implementation of proven technologies, designed by an elite, experienced team of engineers and managers and implemented by the best manufacturing capability in the United States. Kistler Aerospace expects to begin commercial operations of the K-1 in 2000. Market researchers predict that during the next decade telecommunications satellite ventures will require launch services for over 1,400 payloads to LEO. This prediction greatly exceeds the current available industry capacity. The K-1 was designed primarily to meet this anticipated growth in demand. Significant progress has been made in constructing the K-1 vehicle fleet. The fully reusable K-1 vehicle is designed to lower the cost of access to space, increase launch reliability, and reduce lead-time-to-launch requirements. The K-1 will offer significant cost benefits and aircraft type reliability based on a proven flight record.
Comparison of effects of prostaglandins E2 and I2 on rat renal vascular resistance.

Effects of PGE2 and PGI2 on renal vascular resistance (RVR) were compared in anesthetized rats. Renal blood flow and systemic blood pressure were measured before and during infusion of PGE2 (2–20 μg/min) or PGI2 (1–5 μg/min) into the aorta just proximal to the renal arteries. Both prostaglandins significantly decreased blood pressure and renal blood flow, but effects on RVR were dissimilar. At low doses, PGI2 reduced RVR in 8 of 10 rats; PGE2 increased in in 5 of 7. At higher doses, PGE2 increased RVR in all rats; during PGI2 infusion RVR did not significantly exceed control at any dose. We conclude that, in the, in the intact rat, PGE2 increases RVR either directly or through potentiation of other constrictor stimuli, while PGI2 tends to reduce RVR and diminish the renal response to other constrictor stimuli. PGI2 is the only prostaglandin found to decrease RVR in the rat.
A weak convergence result useful in robust autoregression

Abstract This paper establishes the closeness, in a uniform sense, of a sequence of randomly weighted estimated residual empirical processes to a sequence of randomly weighted residual empirical processes via the weak convergence techniques. This result is used to obtain an asymptotic expansion of generalized M (G–M) estimators of autoregression parameters and the asymptotic uniform linearity (A.U.L.) of the sequence of ordinary residual empirical processes in a p -th order autoregression (AR( p )) model. The latter result is used to prove the A.U.L. of serial rank correlations of the residuals in an AR( p ) model and to yield a direct proof of the consistency of a class of estimators of the functional Γ( f ) ≔∫ f dϕ( F ), where f ( F ) is the error density (distribution function) in the AR( p ) model and ϕ is a nondecreasing bounded function on [0, 1]. These functionals appear in the asymptotic variances of various robust estimators of autoregression parameters. In summary, the paper offers a unified functional approach to some aspects of the robust estimation in AR( p ) models.
A Long-Slit Spectral Analysis of the Nuclear Region of M101

Using long-slit spectra centered in wavelength about Hα, we have obtained a velocity map of a 20'' × 140'' east-west box centered on the nuclear region of M101. The velocity resolution is 2.5 km s-1, and the spatial resolution is approximately 1'' east-west and variable (3''–4'' on average) north-south. We have also obtained temperature, density, and shock maps of the same region using the [N II] λ6548, [N II] λ6583, Hα, [S II] λ6717, and [S II] λ6731 lines. The temperatures range from 4100 to 14,100 K, with an intensity-averaged temperature of 6200 K. The densities range from 6.6 to 36,600 cm-3, with an intensity-averaged density of 800 cm-3. Regions northeast and southwest of the nucleus have [N II] λ6583/Hα ratios 0.56 and [S II] λλ(6717 + 6731)/Hα ratios ≥0.4, which are indicative of shock-heated or power-law photoionized gas. The gas in an S-shaped region passing through the nucleus has [N II] λ6583/Hα ratios 0.56 and [S II] λλ(6717 + 6731)/Hα ratios of ≈0.1, which is representative of gas in H II regions. The velocity data are consistent with gas infalling toward the nucleus as part of streaming motions traveling west to east on the north side of the nucleus and east to west on the south side of the nucleus. However, there appears to be a local instability in which the motion southwest of the nucleus is moving west to east, creating a collision of the two opposing gas motions in a region of relatively high density and temperature. A blue arc emanating from an unresolved source on or near the nucleus shows evidence of collision in this same high-density, high-temperature region. Our data support a previous conclusion that M101 may be considered an intermediate galaxy with respect to activity, possibly in transition between a normal nucleus and a more active stage.
Neuroblastoma: a 1990 overview

Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in infancy. This tumor is of neural crest origin and occurs in the neck (3%), mediastinum (20%), pelvis [3], adrenal medulla (50%), and paraspinal sympathetic ganglia (24%). The tumor may produce catecholamines, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and ferritin. More than 50% of cases have metastases at the time of diagnosis. Radiologic (CT scan, scintigraphy) examinations, bone-marrow aspirate and biochemical testing (urinary VMA) often pinpoint the diagnosis and permit initiation of therapy. Treatment is based on the extent of disease according to staging criteria. Stages I and II reflect localized disease that is resectable and frequently requires no other therapy. Stage III and stage IV disease represent advanced and metastatic disease, respectively, and require aggresiive combined treatment, including multiagent chemotheraphy, total-body irradiation, and rescue with bone-marrow transplantation using autologous narrow purged of tumor cells with monoclonal antibodies. Delayed primary and second-look resection of tumor is an integral part of this therapy. Survival is based on age and stage at the time of therapy. Infants under 1 year of age and those with stages I, II, and IV-S disease have an improved prognosis. Aneuploid flow cytometry, low serum ferritin and NSE levels, few or no copies of the N-myc oncogene, favorable histology and primary tumors affecting the neck, pelvis and mediastinum have an improved prognosis. The survival in 266 cases was 44.5%.
Effect of manufacturing method on dynamic performance of cams—An experimental study. part I—eccentric cams

Abstract Eight eccentric cams, each made by a different manufacturing technique have been tested on a sspecially designed Cam Dynamic Test Fixture (CDTF). Acceleration waveforms have been measured on the follower system and transformed to the frequency domain. These frequency spectra have been averaged over selected bandwidths between zero and 6400 Hz and these data subjected to statistical analysis to determine significant differences between manufacturing methods. All of the manufacturing techniques listed show significant differences in at least some of the frequency bandwidths in terms of the total “noise” or r.m.s. error produced in the acceleration waveform. The results indicate that some common manufacturing methods for cams are significantly better than others with respect to fidelity to the theoretical acceleration waveform, and quietness of running.
PARTICLE MESH SIMULATIONS OF THE Lyα FOREST AND THE SIGNATURE OF BARYON ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS IN THE INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM

We present a set of ultra-large particle-mesh simulations of the Lyα forest targeted at understanding the imprint of baryon acoustic oscillations in the inter-galactic medium. We use nine dark matter only simulations which can, for the first time, simultaneously resolve the Jeans scale of the intergalactic gas while covering the large volumes required to adequately sample the acoustic feature. Mock absorption spectra are generated using the fluctuating Gunn-Peterson approximation which have approximately correct flux probability density functions and small-scale power spectra. On larger scales, there is clear evidence in the redshift-space correlation function for an acoustic feature, which matches a linear theory template with constant bias. These spectra, which we make publicly available, can be used to test pipelines, plan future experiments, and model various physical effects. As an illustration, we discuss the basic properties of the acoustic signal in the forest, the scaling of errors with noise and source number density, modified statistics to treat mean flux evolution and mis-estimation, and non-gravitational sources such as fluctuations in the photoionizing background and temperature fluctuations due to He II reionization.
The Location of Disulphide Bonds in Monomeric y-type Gliadins

Gliadin prepared from gluten of the cultivar Rektor was separated by RP-HPLC on C 18 silica gel. Two dominant γ-type gliadins (γ16- and γ17-gliadins) were purified by rechromatography on C 8 silica gel and digested with thermolysin at pH 6.0. Resulting cystine peptides were identified by differential HPLC (chromatography prior to and after reduction of disulphide bonds). Three cystine peptides of each protein were isolated and purified by RP-HPLC, reduced, alkylated with 4vinylpyridine and analysed for amino acid sequences. Two cystine peptides of each γ16- and γ17gliadin consisted of two fragments linked by one disulphide bond and were identical. The remaining cystine peptides contained three fragments linked by two disulphide bonds and were identical in one fragment, whereas the other fragments differed in two and four amino acid residues, respectively. The results demonstrate that homologous cysteine residues of both γ-type gliadins are connected by the same intramolecular linkage type. Two disulphide bonds occur within the sequence division III and two disulphide bonds between division III and V. The linkage types of γ-type gliadins are homologous to the intramolecular disulphide bonds of α-type gliadins, glutenin-bound γ-gliadins and low molecular weight (LMW) subunits of glutenin. A two-dimensional structural model indicates that disulphide bonds are concentrated in a relatively small area of the C-terminal domain.
Toxoplasma gondii: characterization of monoclonal antibodies that recognize rhoptries

We have previously reported on a series of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the rhoptries of Toxoplasma gondii and that interfere with the action of penetration enhancing factor. The antibodies immunoprecipitate several related antigens from [35S]methionine-labeled parasites that range in size from 60 to 43 kDa. By immunoblot, one of the antibodies reacts with the 60 kDa protein in the presence of protease inhibitors. Trypsin digestion of the antigen destroyed antigenic reactivity indicating that the 60 kDa antigen is a protein. The antigen was stable to periodate oxidation and failed to react with Schiff's reagent, indicating that the antigen contains little or no carbohydrate. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblot showed that the antigen recognized by Tg 49 was an acidic protein with an approximate pI of 5.8.
Quantitative Texton Sequences for Legible Bivariate Maps

Representing bivariate scalar maps is a common but difficult visualization problem. One solution has been to use two dimensional color schemes, but the results are often hard to interpret and inaccurately read. An alternative is to use a color sequence for one variable and a texture sequence for another. This has been used, for example, in geology, but much less studied than the two dimensional color scheme, although theory suggests that it should lead to easier perceptual separation of information relating to the two variables. To make a texture sequence more clearly readable the concept of the quantitative texton sequence (QTonS) is introduced. A QTonS is defined a sequence of small graphical elements, called textons, where each texton represents a different numerical value and sets of textons can be densely displayed to produce visually differentiable textures. An experiment was carried out to compare two bivariate color coding schemes with two schemes using QTonS for one bivariate map component and a color sequence for the other. Two different key designs were investigated (a key being a sequence of colors or textures used in obtaining quantitative values from a map). The first design used two separate keys, one for each dimension, in order to measure how accurately subjects could independently estimate the underlying scalar variables. The second key design was two dimensional and intended to measure the overall integral accuracy that could be obtained. The results show that the accuracy is substantially higher for the QTonS/color sequence schemes. A hypothesis that texture/color sequence combinations are better for independent judgments of mapped quantities was supported. A second experiment probed the limits of spatial resolution for QTonSs.
Pollen Siring Success in the California Wildflower Clarkia unguiculata (Onagraceae)

Abstract Cryptic self-incompatibility (CSI) is a type of non-random mating observed in self-compatible plants in which outcross pollen sires proportionally more seeds than self pollen when both pollen types are available on the stigma. Levels of CSI are known to vary among individuals and populations. We conducted competitive pollinations consisting of mixtures of self and outcross pollen to investigate reports of CSI in certain populations of Clarkia unguiculata Lindl. We also investigated how the order of self and outcross pollen deposition on the stigma influences the degree of nonrandom mating. Finally, we looked at whether the source population of outcross pollen affected the ability of outcross pollen to outcompete self pollen. We utilized recessive (white-petaled) maternal (and self pollen donor) plants from a locality near Morro Bay, California, and dominant (pink-petaled) outcross pollen donor plants from 17 localities widespread through the species range in California. Progenies from pollination...
Tasking networked CCTV cameras and mobile phones to identify and localize multiple people

We present a method to identify and localize people by leveraging existing CCTV camera infrastructure along with inertial sensors (accelerometer and magnetometer) within each person's mobile phones. Since a person's motion path, as observed by the camera, must match the local motion measurements from their phone, we are able to uniquely identify people with the phones' IDs by detecting the statistical dependence between the phone and camera measurements. For this, we express the problem as consisting of a two-measurement HMM for each person, with one camera measurement and one phone measurement. Then we use a maximum a posteriori formulation to find the most likely ID assignments. Through sensor fusion, our method largely bypasses the motion correspondence problem from computer vision and is able to track people across large spatial or temporal gaps in sensing. We evaluate the system through simulations and experiments in a real camera network testbed.
Information storage and retrieval from a single atom

High order nonlinear processes can occur with corresponding high harmonic generation and stabilization of the highly excited states against ionization. We will review these phenomena that were described in a paper recently published, and discuss possible applications. An even more intriguing possible application of the unique nature of these atomic states is the possibility of information storage and perhaps even quantum computing within one atom.
Online community search using conversational structures

Online communities are valuable information sources where knowledge is accumulated by interactions between people. Search services provided by online community sites such as forums are often, however, quite poor. To address this, we investigate retrieval techniques that exploit the hierarchical thread structures in community sites. Since these structures are sometimes not explicit or accurately annotated, we introduce structure discovery techniques that use a variety of features to model relations between posts. We then make use of thread structures in retrieval experiments with two online forums and one email archive. Our results show that using thread structures that have been accurately annotated can lead to significant improvements in retrieval performance compared to strong baselines.
Innate Immune Responses in the Neutrophils of Community Dwelling and Nursing Home Elders

Objective: To evaluate innate immune responses of older disabled nursing home residents that may contribute to infectious disease susceptibility, we compared surface markers and signaling efficiency of neutrophils from nursing home residents and community dwelling elders. Design: Observational pilot study. Setting: Five New Haven, CT area nursing homes and the greater New Haven community. Participants: 15 nursing home residents and 43 community dwelling elders. Measurements: Neutrophils were isolated and Toll-like receptor (TLR) and β2 integrin expression on the surface of unstimulated neutrophils were measured via flow cytometry. Chemokine induction was determined by Quantitative PCR. Results: Surface expression of TLR4 was elevated among nursing home residents compared to community dwellers (mean percent positive cells 33.91 [SE 2.75] vs. 15.67 [SE 1.58], p< 0.001), while expression of the β2 integrins CD11b and CD18 was significantly lower (mean fluorescent intensity 460.8 [SE 49.1] vs. 632.9 [SE 29.5] for CD11b and 59.6 [SE 7.9] vs. 137.6 [SE 4.6] for CD18, p< 0.0001). Neutrophils from nursing home residents produced substantially reduced levels of chemokines at baseline and after stimulation. Conclusions: Because integrins are an important pathway to phagocyte signaling and contribute to adherence and locomotion of neutrophils, reduced β2 integrin expression may contribute to impaired responses to stimulation and reduced adhesive properties in PMN from nursing home residents. Since integrin CD11b has been shown to negatively regulate TLR4 response, it is plausible that lower levels of CD11b contribute to elevated expression of TLR4.
The effect of growing season and summer greenness on northern forests

[1] We investigate the physiological effects of the elongation of the growing season and the increase in summer greenness on northern hemisphere forests by examining the relationship between NDVI and tree rings. These variables are correlated during June and July only. These results suggest that NDVI proxies the physiological status of trees and that the summer status of the canopy has a larger effect on tree vigor than the duration of the canopy. INDEX TERMS: 1615 Global Change: Biogeochemical processes (4805); 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics (3309); 1640 Global Change: Remote sensing; 1851 Hydrology: Plant ecology. Citation: Kaufmann, R. K., R. D. D’Arrigo, C. Laskowski, R. B. Myneni, L. Zhou, and N. K. Davi (2004), The effect of growing season and summer greenness on northern forests, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L09205, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL019608.
Gate oxide integrity of NMOS transistor arrays

The time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) of the channel oxide on n-channel MOS 1000-transistor arrays was investigated as a function of voltage stress on the gate and transistor temperature. The gate oxide is 25 nm thick. The field acceleration factor derived from the TDDB measurements is a linear function of the reciprocal temperature, in agreement with a thermodynamic model proposed by McPherson and Baglee. The thermal activation energy is a function of the temperature and consequently is not described by a simple Arrhenius equation. The field acceleration factor and effective temperature acceleration factor, as determined by the measurements, are used to project failure rates which are many orders of magnitude less than one failure in 109h for 10-V 55°C operation of the 1000- transistor array.