cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production and consumption of volatile organosulfur compounds in microbial mats

Marine microbial mats typically support high rates of sulfate reduction. As a result, sulfur cycling is one of the dominant biogeochemical processes in these ecosystems. Detailed studies on inorganc sulfur cycling are available, but little is known about organic sulfur transformations. Sulfur-containing amino acids and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) are the major biogenic precursors of volatile organosulfur compounds. DMSP, which functions as an osmolyte, is cleaved to acrylate and dimethylsulfide (DMS; White 1982). Production of DMS and methane thiol (CH3SH) from decaying microbial mats in Yellowstone was reported by Zinder et al. (1977). Upon hydrolysis with NaOH, 200 μmol DMS 1-1 sediment was retrieved from intact marsh sediments (Kiene 1988), and DMSP, DMS, CH3SH and dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) were found in slurried samples of a marine microbial mat (Visscher et al. 1991; Visscher and Van Gemerden 1993). Kiene and Visscher (1987) found production of CH3SH from methionine and DMS from DMSP in anoxic salt marsh sediments. Visscher and Van Gemerden (1991b) reported rapid production of DMS, CH4 and traces of CH3SH in oxic and anoxic mat slurries when DMSP was added. In addition to cleavage, DMSP also undergoes demethylation, during which 3-methiolpropionate (MMPA) and 3-mercaptopropionate (MPA) are formed successively (Mopper and Taylor 1986; Kiene and Taylor 1989). MPA was a dominant thiol in anoxic sediments of Biscayne Bay, and DMSP addition resulted in increasing MPA production in slurries (Kiene and Taylor 1989). Sulfur-containing amino acids added to coastal sediments generated a variety of thiols, including CH3SH and MPA (Kiene et al. 1990).
Nocturnal Post-arousal Chorea and Repetitive Ballistic Movement in Huntington's Disease

Keywords: sleep apnea; Huntington's disease; parasomnia; repetitive ballistic movement; nocturnal movement disorder
Robust Voice Activity Detector for Real World Applications Using Harmonicity and Modulation frequency

The task of robustly detecting distant speech in low SNR environments for automatic speech recognition is examined using a two-stage approach based on two distinguishing features of speech, namely harmonicity and modulation frequency (MF). A modified metric for harmonicity is used as a gating function to a set of parallel classifiers that incorporate MFs computed on different frequency bands. Performance is evaluated on both the frame-level discriminative power and also the system level ASR results on a real-world robotic forklift task. Compared to other previously proposed features such as relative spectral entropy, and classification strategies involving MFs, the combined approach shows good generalization across different kinds of dynamic noise conditions, and obtains a significant improvement on the false alarm rate at low speech miss rate settings. The overall ASR results also improved significantly compared to the ESTI AMR-VAD2, while reducing the number of false alarms by a factor of two. Index Terms: voice activity detection, modulation frequency, harmonicity, human-robot interaction.
Molecularly Responsive Binding through Co-occupation of Binding Space: A Lock–Key Story

When two guest molecules co-occupy a binding pocket of a water-soluble host, the first guest could be used as a signal molecule to turn on the binding of the second. This type of molecularly responsive binding strongly depends on the size of the two guests and the location of the signal molecule.
The HO2 + ion

Four distinct methods for the evaluation of anharmonic vibrational frequencies have been used to study the infrared spectrum of the, as yet, undetected molecular ion HO2 +. Three methods are variational with the other being based upon second-order vibrational perturbation theory. Results are given for two different potential energy surfaces: (a) an SCF surface utilizing up to fourth derivatives of the energy and (b) a CISD surface formed by replacing the SCF second derivatives by the appropriate CISD second derivatives. All calculations have been performed with DZ, DZP and TZ2P basis sets. Equilibrium geometries have also been determined with TZ2P + f and QZ3P basis sets in order to examine the convergence of properties with expansion of the basis set. The best estimates of the vibration frequencies for HO2 + are v 1 = 3140 ± 100, v 2 = 1140 ± 40, v 3 = 1535 ± 40 cm-1.
Photochemical Generation of Nanometer-Sized Cu Particles in Octane

Irradiation with 350 nm photons of anhydrous, air-free octane or toluene solutions of copper(II) oleate containing benzophenone as a photosensitizer and oleoylsarcosine as a stabilizer resulted in metallic Cu particles with nanometer dimensions. Evidence is presented that implicates the hydrocarbon as the predominant H-atom donor in the generation of reductive benzophenone ketyl radicals and a kinetic model is constructed to rationalize the rate dependencies with respect to the Cu2+/Cu+ step. Rates of both Cu2+ consumption and Cu formation vary linearly with light intensity and exhibit a first-order dependence on benzophenone concentration but the latter step shows little dependence otherwise. The initial rate of reactant consumption decreases with increasing concentration of cupric ions or sarcosine. Quenching of the excited state of benzophenone by the stabilizer occurs with a rate constant of k4 = 1.6 × 105 M–1 s–1 and is explained by the formation of a contact ion pair between the reduced chromophore ...
Improvements to Commercial and General Aviation via Adaptive Aerostructures

This paper describes several different classes of adaptive aerostructures and possible uses of these structures in Commercial and General Aviation. Driving these improvements are new classes of materials that change some physical property in response to a command signal. These Adaptive Materials can bend, twist, stretch, change modulus, glow or selectively damp out targeted vibration frequencies upon command. This paper gives a top-level perspective of several important applications of adaptive materials which are being used currently for jet noise suppression, flight control and lift enhancement. Although the majority of applications of adaptive aerostructures have been in uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs), missiles and munitions, in recent years, some of these technologies are filtering up to larger scale aircraft.
Review: The Andean Hybrid Baroque: Convergent Cultures in the Churches of Colonial Peru by Gauvin Alexander Bailey

Gauvin Alexander Bailey. The Andean Hybrid Baroque: Convergent Cultures in the Churches of Colonial Peru . Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2010, xxii + 642 pp., 172 color illus. $75, ISBN 9780268022228. Gauvin Bailey’s book is both traditional and polemical. Its subject, a group of distinctively ornamented colonial-period Catholic churches in southern Peru and Bolivia, has been studied by scholars for nearly a century, and this survey of them features highly detailed descriptions accompanied by histories of their construction and decoration. The survey is prefaced with a provocative revision of terminology in the field and a historiographic review that will spark debate among historians of colonial architecture in Latin America. “Andean Hybrid Baroque” is the term Bailey coins to describe a “school of carving … distinguished by its flattened, textile-like decoration … and its virtuoso combination of European late Renaissance and Baroque forms with Andean sacred and profane symbolism, some of it deriving from the Inca and pre-Inca past” (1). That symbolism includes heavenly bodies, symbols of Inca kingship, fantastic creatures, and flora and fauna. Bailey connects the appearance and composition of these motifs on the facades of churches to textile traditions in the region, and notes that some of them were likely polychromed. Stone carving of this sort adorns churches in Arequipa, Peru, where it first appeared in the late seventeenth century on the portals …
Effect of Water-saving Irrigation on Growth and Development of Rice in Cold Region

The present status of water resources investigation and analysis of China were analyzed to study the effect of water-saving irrigation on rice growth,yield components,grain quality and lodging resistance and the impact of changes in terms in cold region.The purpose was to define extension feasibility and necessity of water-saving irrigation study in the cold regions.
An automatic fire detection and warning system under home video surveillance

Devastating fire is a strong interest in home monitoring system. Fire detection; and its information utilization using image processing and information technology can be a great hope to reduce the devastation of fire mishaps. However, there are many systems with state-of-the-art for fire detection, but false signal is still a challenge to avoid. In this paper, an automatic fire detection and warning system under home video surveillance is presented in order to identify fire from video camera data and warn the concerned people accordingly. The planned system undergoes a low computational time taking fire detection approach using RGB color space, and it warns the people dynamically than conventional alarming unit. The designed system will be able to cope up with the present conventional fire detection approach under security surveillance system. The used fire detection approach has been tested under different scenarios is also presented to substantiate the accuracy of the system.
Synthesis, Bioactivity and Receptor Binding of Fluorescent NBD Labeled Analogs of the Tridecapeptide Mating Pheromone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The α-factor receptor (Ste2p) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that, upon the binding of a ligand, transduce a signal via an associated guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein). The binding of the tridecapeptide pheromone a-factor to Ste2p initiates a cascade of events that leads to the mating of haploid yeast cells. To understand the signaling process, one must first understand how ligands are recognized by and associated with their receptor. Fluorescence techniques have been widely used to investigate ligand-receptor interactions [1]. This work reports the synthesis, bioactivity, binding affinity of a-factor tagged with a fluorescent probe at various positions in the peptide backbone, and a fluorescence analysis of the binding environment of these ligands bound to Ste2p.
Iron-Doped Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst with High Activity and Stability for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Molybdenum-based materials have been widely investigated recently as promising alternatives to platinum for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Molybdenum carbide is one of the most studied transition-metal carbides because of its cheap price, high abundance, good conductivity, and catalytic activity. In order to further improve the catalytic activity of molybdenum carbide, some modifications have been applied. In this paper, a wide range of magnetic iron-doped molybdenum carbide (Mo2–xFexC) nanomaterials were synthesized by a unique amine–metal oxide composite method. The amount of iron dopants was controlled by setting different iron/molybdenum ratios in the precursors. Iron-doped molybdenum carbide nanomaterials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrocatalytic HER tests were used to demonstrate the catalytic activity upon addition ...
Retrograde Thromboembolism to Basilar Artery During Arteriovenous Graft Thrombectomy (P4.353)

Introduction: Three-fourths of patients with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) for hemodialysis develop graft stenosis or thrombosis within one year of AVG creation. We present the first reported case of a patient who developed an ischemic stroke after the use of the angiojet device during AVG thrombectomy. Case Presentation: A 50-year-old woman with left arm AVG thrombosis was noted on fluoroscopy to have the clot in the graft’s arterial portion. The Angiojet® Thrombectomy System, which utilizes a retrograde-directed high-velocity stream of heparinized saline to lyse the clot while creating a vortex to aspirate fragments, was employed for 30 seconds. Following the procedure the patient became hypertensive and tachycardic. She did not respond to painful stimuli and saliva frothed from her mouth. Her NIHSS was 27. A stat CT showed a hyperdense basilar artery sign and complete occlusion was confirmed with CTA. Emergent basilar artery thrombectomy achieved complete recanalization and a post procedure NIHSS was 4. MRI brain revealed acute infarcts along the posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle and in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. Echocardiogram, glycohemoglobin level, lipid profile, and CT chest with contrast were normal. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the angiojet-induced changes in arterial flow led to retrograde thromboembolism from the AVG to the basilar artery resulting in an ischemic stroke. Conclusion: This case suggests that the use of thrombectomy devices that alter hydrodynamics within the arterial circulation can result in retrograde emboli and stroke. Rapid treatment of ischemic strokes can minimize long-term morbidity and mortality. Disclosure: Dr. Salahuddin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jumaa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tietjen holds stock and/or stock options in Johnson & Johnson and Stryker. Dr. Zaidi has nothing to disclose.
Geocontext: discovering geographical topics from social media

Social media is often useful for discovering contextual information that is difficult to find on traditional query-based search engines such as Google. For example, temporal events such as traffic incidents are often posted on social media due to the wide-reaching and real-time nature of social media platforms. Social media can also be used to model the sentiments and opinions of different geographical regions, as well as provide a platform for organizing social movements. In this paper, we give an overview of our system, GeoContext, which models a stream from Twitter into topics and analyzes the geographical locations of the topics. GeoContext includes methods for filtering a social media stream by keywords and location coordinates in order to provide more specific topics. GeoContext includes a geolocation module, called GeoContext Locator, for predicting the locations of tweets that are not associated with explicit coordinates, in order to model topics in different locations.
High-dose-rate brachytherapy monotherapy without androgen deprivation therapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Abstract Purpose Outcomes using high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy monotherapy (without androgen deprivation therapy or external beam radiation therapy) for National Comprehensive Cancer Network–defined intermediate-risk (IR) patients are limited. We report our long-term data using HDR monotherapy for this patient population. Methods and Materials One-hundred ninety IR prostate cancer patients were treated 1996–2013 with HDR monotherapy. Biochemical prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure was per the Phoenix definition. Acute and late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities were graded according to Common Toxicity Criteria of Adverse Events, version 4. Kaplan–Meier (KM) biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS), cause-specific survival, and overall survival rates were calculated. Univariate analyses were performed to determine relationships with BPFS. The median patient age was 66 years (43–90), and the median initial PSA was 7.4 ng/mL. The Gleason score was ≤6 in 26%, 3 + 4 in 62%, and 4 + 3 in 12%. The median treatment BED 1.5 was 254 Gy; 83% of patients were treated with a dose of 7.25 Gy × six fractions delivered in two separate implants. Results With a median follow-up of 6.2 years, KM BPFS at 5/8 years was 97%/90%, cause-specific survival at 8 years was 100%, and overall survival at 5/8 years was 93%/88%. Late genitourinary toxicities were 36.3% Grade 1, 18.9% Grade 2, and 3.7% Grade 3. Late gastrointestinal toxicities were 6.3% Grade 1, 1.1% Grade 2, and no Grade ≥3. Of the patients with no sexual dysfunction before treatment, 68% maintained potency. Age, initial PSA, T stage, Gleason score, prostate volume, and percent positive cores did not correlate with BPFS. Stratifying by favorable vs. unfavorable IR groups did not affect BPFS. Conclusions HDR brachytherapy monotherapy represents a safe and highly effective treatment for IR prostate cancer patients with long-term follow-up.
Locating Longest Common Subsequences with Limited Penalty

Locating longest common subsequences is a typical and important problem. The original version of locating longest common subsequences stretches a longer alignment between a query and a database sequence finds all alignments corresponding to the maximal length of common subsequences. However, the original version produces a lot of results, some of which are meaningless in practical applications and rise to a lot of time overhead. In this paper, we firstly define longest common subsequences with limited penalty to compute the longest common subsequences whose penalty values are not larger than a threshold \(\tau \). This helps us to find answers with good locality. We focus on the efficiency of this problem. We propose a basic approach for finding longest common subsequences with limited penalty. We further analyze features of longest common subsequences with limited penalty, and based on it we propose a filter-refine approach to reduce number of candidates. We also adopt suffix array to efficiently generate common substrings, which helps calculating the problem. Experimental results on three real data sets show the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms.
Fluorescence Confocal Mosaicing Microscopy of Basal Cell Carcinomas Ex Vivo: Demonstration of Rapid Surgical Pathology with High Sensitivity and Specificity

Fluorescence confocal mosaicing (FCM) detects basal cell carcinomas in Mohs surgical skin excisions within 5–9 minutes, compared to 20–45 for frozen histology. The sensitivity is 96.6% and specificity is 89.2%. FCM is sensitive and rapid.
Continuing and Transfer Students: Exploring Retention and Second-Year Success

This research examines factors that contribute to persistence of sophomore students. It builds a model to predict the likelihood of leaving the institution by third year and explores whether the co...
RNA sequencing and pathway analysis identify tumor necrosis factor alpha driven small proline-rich protein dysregulation in chronic rhinosinusitis.

BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder in which many pathways contribute to end-organ disease. Small proline-rich proteins (SPRR) are polypeptides that have recently been shown to contribute to epithelial biomechanical properties relevant in T-helper type 2 inflammation. There is evidence that genetic polymorphism in SPRR genes may predict the development of asthma in children with atopy and, correlatively, that expression of SPRRs is increased under allergic conditions, which leads to epithelial barrier dysfunction in atopic disease. METHODS RNAs from uncinate tissue specimens from patients with CRS and control subjects were compared by RNA sequencing by using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (n = 4 each), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (n = 15). A separate cohort of archived sinus tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry (n = 19). RESULTS A statistically significant increase of SPRR expression in CRS sinus tissue was identified that was not a result of atopic presence. SPRR1 and SPRR2A expressions were markedly increased in patients with CRS (p < 0.01) on RNA sequencing, with confirmation by using real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry of archived surgical samples demonstrated staining of SPRR proteins within squamous epithelium of both groups. Pathway analysis indicated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha as a master regulator of the SPRR gene products. CONCLUSION Expression of SPRR1 and of SPRR2A is increased in mucosal samples from patients with CRS and appeared as a downstream result of TNF alpha modulation, which possibly resulted in epithelial barrier dysfunction.
Open source cell library Mono3D to develop large-scale monolithic 3D integrated circuits

Monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) achieve ultra-high density device integration through fine-grained connectivity enabled by monolithic inter-tier vias (MIVs). In this paper, an open source standard cell library for design automation of large-scale transistor-level monolithic 3D ICs is proposed. A 128-point, highly parallelized FFT core with 330K cells is implemented with the proposed library. Power and timing characteristics of monolithic 3D ICs are quantified. The effect of signal integrity and routing congestion on timing characteristics is investigated. The primary clock tree characteristics of monolithic 3D ICs are also discussed. The proposed open source cell library facilitates future research on multiple aspects of monolithic 3D technology.
Home- and center-based learning opportunities for preschoolers in low- and middle-income countries

Abstract Recent international development efforts have emphasized the importance of supporting early childhood development, yet little is known about the availability of early learning opportunities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The present study uses nationally representative data from >163,000 three- and four-year-olds living in 63 countries to estimate the availability of in- and out-of-home early learning opportunities in LMICs. Results suggest that 71.9% of preschool-aged children experience high levels of at-home stimulation (e.g., reading, counting, drawing), 33.6% attend center-based early childhood care and education (ECCE) programming, 29.1% experience both, and 22.9% experience neither. Large geographical and socioeconomic disparities in learning opportunities were found both across and within countries, particularly for ECCE.
Genome-Wide Identification of Drought Response Genes in Soybean Seedlings and Development of Biomarkers for Early Diagnoses

Drought is a yield-limiting factor for soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) production in North America. Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying early responses of the soybean plant to drought may help develop new techniques to manage the abiotic stress. The objectives of this research were to identify expressed genes responsive to drought stress at the seedling stage and to develop biomarkers for early diagnostic of genotypic difference in the stress tolerance. Using a GeneChip Soybean Genome Array and an improved algorithm, we identified 697 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 420 upregulated and 277 downregulated by a 6-h dehydration treatment. A majority of these DEGs encode transcription factors, protein kinases, hormone biosynthetic/signaling enzymes, or other regulatory proteins. MAPMAN and KEGG enrichment showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in the metabolic and hormone signaling pathways and identified the GmHDZ72/PYL/PP2C module as negative feedback of abscisic acid signaling pathway induced by dehydration stress. Ten DEGs were selected from various pathways and validated in a sample of 20 soybean cultivars varying in the level of drought tolerance. Five of the 10 validated DEGs, Glyma03g30040, Glyma11g05960, Glyma11g11430, Glyma12g22880, and Glyma16g02390, showed expression profiles strongly correlated with the plant height reduction after a 14-d drought treatment. These genes are the best candidate biomarkers to monitor plant early responses to drought stress before a symptom appears and to screen for drought-tolerant genotypes. This research provided a new set of transcriptomic data to develop gene regulatory networks underlying sensing drought signal and possible acclimatization in the early stage and enriched the genomics toolbox with a set of biomarkers for early diagnosis of drought damage and molecular breeding of drought tolerance in soybean.
Neural Networks and Blood Cell Identification

The objective of this project is to propose a method of identifying cells found in human blood and to classify them based upon their morphological features using neural networks. The project focuses on three major blood cell types, namely, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. The data are collected using peripheral blood smears from clinical patients. The image acquisition requires 100× magnification on all the blood smears, the preprocessing involves the use of median and edge enhance filterss the feature extraction is done by performing the wavelet transform on the images. Finally classification of the blood cell types is done using ALOPEX and Back Propagation trained neural networks. The efficacy of both networks is then compared by comparing their outputs and number of iterations required to reach the final result.
Instabilites in Arch Shaped MEMS

Arch shaped microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been used as mechanical memories, micro-relays, micro-valves, optical switches, and digital micro-mirrors. A bi-stable structure is characterized by a multivalued load deflection curve. Here, the symmetry breaking, the snap-through instability, and the pull-in instability of a sinusoidal shaped MEMS under static and dynamic electric loads have been studied. The electric load is a nonlinear function of the a priori unknown deformed shape of the arch, and is thus a follower type load. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing transient deformations of the arch is solved numerically using the Galerkin method and the resulting ordinary differential equations are integrated by using the Livermore solver for ordinary differential equations. For the static problem, the displacement control and the pseudo-arc length continuation methods are used to obtain the bifurcation curve of the MEMS displacement versus a load parameter. The displacement control method fails to compute asymmetric deformations of the MEMS, which are found by the pseudo-arc-length continuation method. Two distinct mechanisms of the snap-through instability for the dynamic problem are demonstrated. It is found that critical loads and geometric parameters for instabilities of an arch under an electric load with and without the consideration of mechanical inertia effects are quite different.
The mixing length parameter alpha

The standard mixing length theory, MLT, treats turbulent eddies as if they were isotropic, while the largest eddies that carry most of the flux are highly anisotropic. Recently, an anisotropic MLT was constructed, and the relevant equations derived. It is shown that these new equations can actually be cast in a form that is formally identical to that of the standard isotropic MLT, provided the mixing length parameter, derived from stellar structure calculations, is interpreted as an intermediate, auxiliary function alpha(x), where x, the degree of anisotropy is given as a function of the thermodynamic variables of the problem. The relation between alpha(x) and the physically relevant alpha(l = Hp) is also given. Once the value alpha is deduced, it is found to be a function of the local thermodynamic quantities, as expected.
Historical Realism and Contextual Objectivity: A Developing Perspective in the Philosophy of Science

The twentieth century ought to have been a century of philosophical reform — goodness knows, enough people have tried to make it so. But philosophical revolutions appear painfully difficult to accomplish. In the case of philosophical reflection about scientific knowledge, perhaps, one ought not to complain, since the orthodoxy we need to overcome was itself established as orthodoxy only in mid-century. Still, the situation is puzzling. Although so far as I know the so-called ‘received view’ is by now received only in a few outlying places, and although every reprint or preprint I receive seems to announce a new almost orthodoxy from yet another angle — in spite of all that, a positive, non-apologizing acceptance of a new approach to the philosophy of science seems to be still outstanding. When I have tried on a number of occasions in the past few years to suggest what such a new approach might look like, I have been received with the announcement that I was presenting a position of pure relativism, or, worse yet, pragmatism.2 That there is a quasi-relativistic component in the new philosophy of science I am willing to admit, though I would prefer to call it a perspectival component (I will return to that briefly later). But pragmatism! If that is the kind of abandonment of any interest in cognitive claims we are supposed to be advocating, we are presenting our case very badly — or rather I have been doing so, for of course I am speaking only from my own experience.
Introduction to Differential Graded Categories

Differential graded (dg) categories provide enhancements of triangulated categories that allow us to overcome some problems that come from working solely with the triangulated structure. In this talk, we present the definition of dg categories and describe some constructions that can be performed with them. We then consider how a dg category provides an enhancement of a triangulated category, and show how to compute some important invariants of the category using such a dg enhancement. Finally we’ll present some theorems about such invariants, and how to derive them using properties of the dg enhancement. This talk is purely expository and does not contain original material; it is mostly based on B. Keller’s excellent survey on dg categories [9], and whenever possible I have used notation compatible with that source. I also included material and examples from the other sources listed as references as well.
3D Expandable Microwire Electrode Arrays Made of Programmable Shape Memory Materials

Nitinol, a biocompatible material with shape memory effect and superelasticity, has been used in various biomedical applications. Here we demonstrate a 3D expandable nitinol microwire electrode array that can be programmed to the desired shape to conform to the brain vasculature, minimizing the vessel damage during implantation. We developed a fabrication process for precisely setting the shape of nitinol microwires and assembling them to form electrode arrays. We tested our nitinol microwire array in in vivo animal experiments and successfully demonstrated that our array can detect single spikes as well as local field potentials with minimum tissue and vessel damage.
The Association between Popular Diets and Serum Testosterone among Men in the United States.

Purpose:We examined the relationship of the serum testosterone level to low fat, Mediterranean and low carbohydrate diets in a large, nationally representative patient sample.Materials and Methods:...
Concurrent engineering of a next-generation freeform telescope: metrology and test

The latest generation of optical sensing hardware comprises of optical surfaces without rotational symmetry, commonly known as freeform optics. Whether the goal is obtaining more information by using a larger aperture and/or field of view or to decrease the overall footprint of the system, freeform optics have demonstrated unique capabilities to enable these advancements. However, it is critical to use concurrent engineering practices between optical design, mechanical design, manufacture, and metrology to ensure that the final system meets the required optical design specs after applying manufacturing tolerances. Metrology of freeform optics and performance testing of the three-mirror telescope will incorporate multiple measurement technologies and methods. Measurement errors are reduced through machine error corrections using a mathematical machine model and tilt induced error correction in mid-spatial frequency measurements using a scanning white light interferometer (SWLI). The form measurement uncertainty will be evaluated using the machine model and the Monte Carlo method for simulating possible measurement results taking into consideration the uncertainty in the machine error measurements and probe measurement uncertainty. Form measurements include contact and non-contact instruments with different sampling strategies. SWLI and stylus measurements for surface roughness are utilized for both areal and profile measurements. Design for metrology" aims to inform the design and manufacturing process definition as part of the concurrent engineering goal. By considering metrology in the initial design and manufacturing through ease of mounting and appropriate fiducials it is possible to reduce wasted effort and manufacturing time.
Are Supracondylar Fractures of the Elbow in Children Caused by Child Abuse

Purpose: Previous authors have reported that skull, rib, and corner fractures, and fractures in young children who have not started walking are highly associated with abuse. The purpose of this study is to determine the epidemiology, etiology, and relationship of supracondylar elbow fractures with child abuse. Methods: 75 consecutive displaced supracondylar elbow fractures were reviewed to determine specific information about the manner in which the injury occurred. Medical records and radiographs were analyzed for demographic and injury data. Results: 42 males and 33 females were studied. The average age was 6 years (range: 1 year 4 months …
Associations of Weight Bias with Disordered Eating Among Latino and White Men.

OBJECTIVE This study examined associations of different aspects of weight bias, which can include negative attitudes toward and beliefs about obesity, with eating/weight-related psychopathology. METHODS Participants (N = 544) were White (n = 376) and Latino (n = 168) men living in the United States who completed an online battery of established measures of weight bias (both attitudes toward and beliefs about obesity) and eating/weight-related psychopathology. RESULTS Among White men, negative attitudes toward obesity were associated significantly with dietary restraint, overvaluation of weight/shape, and body dissatisfaction, whereas among Latino men, negative attitudes toward obesity were associated significantly with overvaluation of weight/shape. Among White men, less negative attitudes toward people with obesity were associated with decreased use of compensatory behaviors, and weaker beliefs about the controllabilty of obesity were associated with decreased overeating and binge eating. Among Latino men, neither attitudes about people with obesity nor beliefs about the controllability of obesity were associated with eating-disordered behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Weight bias was related to eating/weight-related psychopathology in men, with fewer associations observed among Latino men than White men. This highlights that associations with psychopathology may vary by ethnicity. Future research is needed to clarify the mechanism by which weight-biased attitudes and beliefs are associated with eating/weight-related psychopathology and why this might differ between White and Latino men.
Immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma: A sociodemographic analysis of the National Cancer Database.

87Background: Metastatic melanoma carries poor prognosis and traditional chemotherapy has limited efficacy, but immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have drastically improved disease outcomes since ...
PPE Compliance Detection using Artificial Intelligence in Learning Factories

Abstract This project demonstrates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine vision for the identification of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), particularly safety glasses in zones of the Learning Factory, where safety risks exist. The objective is to design and implement an automated system for ensuring the safety of personnel when they are in the vicinity of machinery that presents potential risks to the eyes. Microsoft Azure Custom Vision AI and Intelligent AI Services, in conjunction with low-cost vision devices with lightweight onboard AI capability, provide a platform for a deep learning neural network model using publicly available images under the Creative Commons License. A combination of cloud-based and on-premises AI is used in this proof of concept system to provide a real-time vision-based safety system capable of detecting and recording potential safety breaches, promoting compliance, and ultimately preventing accidents before they happen. This system can be used to initiate different control actions in the event of safety violations and can detect multiple forms of protective wear. The flexibility of the system offers multiple benefits to learning factories and manufacturing organizations such as improved user safety, reduced insurance costs, and better detection and recording of safety violations. The hybrid AI architecture approach allows for flexibility in training and deployment based on the capability of local computing resources.
COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Limb Ischaemia

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic that developed in late 2019 and early 2020 has caused thousands of deaths and has had an enormous impact on our health systems and economies. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications include disseminated coagulation and thrombosis, but, to the best of our knowledge, the literature to date on these manifestations has been limited. Herein, we report an unusual presentation in a 43-year-old man with a medical history of diabetes and hypertension who presented with dyspnoea and acute pain in his right leg and was found to have acute limb ischaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Our case adds to the literature regarding arterial thrombosis in COVID-19.
Biogeochemistry and hydrography shape microbial community assembly and activity in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zone.

Oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles due to extensive microbial activity. How OMZ microbial communities assemble and respond to environmental variation is therefore essential to understanding OMZ functioning and ocean biogeochemistry. Sampling along depth profiles at five stations in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean (ETNP), we captured systematic variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) and associated variables (nitrite, chlorophyll, and ammonium) with depth and between stations. We quantitatively analysed relationships between oceanographic gradients and microbial community assembly and activity based on paired 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall microbial community composition and diversity were strongly related to regional variations in density, DO, and other variables (regression and redundancy analysis r2 = 0.68-0.82), displaying predictable patterns with depth and between stations. Although similar factors influenced the active community, diversity was substantially lower within the OMZ. We also identified multiple active microbiological networks that tracked specific gradients or features - particularly subsurface ammonium and nitrite maxima. Our findings indicate that overall microbial community assembly is consistently shaped by hydrography and biogeochemistry, while active segments of the community form discrete networks inhabiting distinct portions of the water column, and that both are tightly tuned to environmental conditions in the ETNP.
Masquerading as equitable: using white teachers’ racist communication to guide diversity course revisions

Graduate programs for inservice teachers seeking additional credentialing often include a mandatory diversity course. One aim of these types of courses is to help teachers recognize and dismantle t...
The Application of Potassium Permanganate to Treat Cyanobacteria-Laden Water: a Review

Abstract Climate change and eutrophication provide favorable conditions for cyanobacterial growth which can lead to harmful algal blooms (HABs). HABs pose a threat to society due to the release of algal metabolites. Water utilities are challenged with treating cyanobacteria-laden water to effectively eliminate cyanotoxins while avoiding the negative impacts of taste and odor causing compounds, disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, and increased organic matter loading caused by HABs. Historically, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has been used for various applications in water treatment due to its affordability and easy implementation, but more recently, KMnO4 gained attention for its potential application to treat cyanobacterial cells. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the application of KMnO4 as a pre-oxidant for the treatment of HAB impacted water. In this review, we discussed the impacts of KMnO4 on cyanobacterial cell and associated cyanotoxin removal, altering DBP formation, and reducing production of taste and odor causing compounds to highlight the potential application of KMnO4 for HAB treatment. Additionally, we summarized the adverse effects of using KMnO4, gave recommendations to minimize those impacts, and identified future research needs from multiple perspectives. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive current understanding, future directions and insights into the application of KMnO4 to address HABs related issues.
A Lower Limit to the Universal Density of Metals at z ~ 3

Column density distribution functions of C IV with 12.05?log(N)?14.35 and Si IV with 11.70?log(N)?13.93 have been obtained using 81 C IV absorbers and 35 Si IV absorbers redward of the Ly? forest in the lines of sight to seven quasars with 2.518?zem?3.78. These distribution functions have been directly integrated to yield ion densities at z = 3-3.5 of ?C iv = (2.0 ? 0.5) ?10 -->?8 and ?Si iv = (7.0?2.6)?10 -->?9 with H0 = 65 km s-1 Mpc-1 and q -->0=0.02 (1 ? errors). A larger sample of 11 quasar lines of sight was used to measure C II/C IV, Si III/Si IV, and N V/C IV ratios, which suggest that C IV and Si IV are the dominant ionization stages and that corrections to ?Carbon and ?Silicon are no more than a factor of 2. Normalizing the ?-process elements to silicon and the Fe-coproduction elements to carbon gives a density of heavy elements in these forest clouds of ?metals=(3.3?0.8)?10 -->?7 (H -->0=65,q -->0=0.02) . The implications for the amount of star formation and for the ionization of the intergalactic medium prior to z=3 are discussed.
Adolescent Aggression and Suicidality: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Since the 1900s it has been theorized that aggression and suicidality are associated with each other. Research has provided empirical support for such theories, including the specific mechanisms which may explain the association between the two variables. While some researchers have begun examining the specific features of aggression and suicidality that are related to each other, this meta-analysis sought to provide an overall estimate of the association between the two variables among adolescents in order to understand the relationship as a whole. Research reports were retrieved by searching databases (e.g., PsycINFO) and reviewing subsequent reference lists. After reviewing potential research reports, 122 (N = 182,623) were selected, and 142 correlations were included in the random-effects meta-analytic model. The average correlation between aggression and suicidality was found to be 0.20, z = 14.53, p
Systematic literature review of machine learning methods used in the analysis of real-world data for patient-provider decision making

Machine learning is a broad term encompassing a number of methods that allow the investigator to learn from the data. These methods may permit large real-world databases to be more rapidly translated to applications to inform patient-provider decision making. This systematic literature review was conducted to identify published observational research of employed machine learning to inform decision making at the patient-provider level. The search strategy was implemented and studies meeting eligibility criteria were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Relevant data related to study design, statistical methods and strengths and limitations were identified; study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Luo checklist. A total of 34 publications from January 2014 to September 2020 were identified and evaluated for this review. There were diverse methods, statistical packages and approaches used across identified studies. The most common methods included decision tree and random forest approaches. Most studies applied internal validation but only two conducted external validation. Most studies utilized one algorithm, and only eight studies applied multiple machine learning algorithms to the data. Seven items on the Luo checklist failed to be met by more than 50% of published studies. A wide variety of approaches, algorithms, statistical software, and validation strategies were employed in the application of machine learning methods to inform patient-provider decision making. There is a need to ensure that multiple machine learning approaches are used, the model selection strategy is clearly defined, and both internal and external validation are necessary to be sure that decisions for patient care are being made with the highest quality evidence. Future work should routinely employ ensemble methods incorporating multiple machine learning algorithms.
Maternal mental health and early childhood development: Exploring critical periods and unique sources of support.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to explore associations between maternal depression and anxiety during early sensitive periods, child social-emotional and behavioral problems and the moderating roles of financial, instrumental, and partner emotional support. METHODS Analyses was conducted using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Hierarchical linear regression modeling was used to explore associations between maternal depression and anxiety at 1- and 3-years postpartum, three unique types of social support, and childhood behavioral problems at 5-years of age (n = 2,827). RESULTS Mothers who were depressed at one or both timepoints, compared to nondepressed mothers, reported higher externalizing behavioral problems scores of 1.96 and 2.90, and internalizing behavioral problems scores of 1.16 and 2.20, respectively, at 5-years of age (both p < .01), after controlling for covariates. Financial, instrumental, and partner emotional support were independently and inversely associated with behavioral problems (p < .05); however, none of these types of support moderated the relationship between maternal depression and behavioral problems, after controlling for covariates. IMPLICATIONS Promoting maternal mental health as well as different sources of support throughout the first five years of life, instead of one critical period, may help to reduce the burden of chronic disease in the next generation.
Social baseline theory: State of the science and new directions.

Abstract Social baseline theory (SBT) maintains that the primary human ecology is a social ecology. Because of this fact, the theory predicts that humans will find it easier and less energetically taxing to regulate emotion and act when in proximity to familiar and predictable others. This article reviews new empirical and theoretical work related to SBT and highlights areas of needed research. Among these exciting developments are investigations of the neural mechanisms of social emotion regulation, the creation of a model of social allostasis, and work investigating at the impact of social proximity in real-world contexts. SBT continues to accrue support and inspire new theoretical and empirical contributions.