cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Band-Limited Trajectory Planning and Tracking for Certain Dynamically Stabilized Mobile Systems

In this paper, a general framework for trajectory planning and tracking is formulated for dynamically stabilized mobile systems, e.g., inverted wheeled pendulums and autonomous helicopters. Within this framework, the system state is divided into slow and fast substates. The fast substate is used as a pseudocontrol for tracking a desired slow substate trajectory. First, an exponential fast substate controller is designed to track a fast substate reference trajectory. This fast substate reference trajectory is, in turn, planned so that the slow substate follows its desired trajectory. To ensure that the fast substate reference trajectory is feasible for the exponential controller, it is designed using band-limited "Sinc" functions whose maximum frequency is less than the inverse of the time constant of the exponential controller. To illustrate the procedure, the dynamic model of an inverted wheeled pendulum is reformulated by a partial feedback linearization such that it is amenable to the separation into slow and fast components. The planning and tracking controller design is explained using simulation results. This technique is shown to be easily embedded inside a modified nonlinear model predictive control framework for the slow subsystem. This framework tries to explicitly take the computational delay into account. The computation time required for this technique is encouraging from a real-world implementation perspective.
Day-to-Day Variation in Food Intake and Energy Expenditure in Healthy Women: The Dietitian II Study

Because day-to-day food intake varies, we tested the hypothesis that ad libitum food intake and energy expenditure show corrective responses over periods of 1 to 10 days in healthy young women. Food intake and accelerometry measurements were collected daily for 17 days in 15 young women. Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) using doubly labeled water was also measured. The daily deviations in macronutrient and energy intake and energy expenditure from the average values were compared with the deviations observed over succeeding intervals to estimate the corrective responses. The intraindividual coefficients of variation for energy intake averaged ±25%, ranging from 16% to 34%. TDEE had a coefficient of variation of 8.3%, and accelerometry had a coefficient of variation of 8.4% (range=4.6% to 16.4%). Energy expenditure by accelerometry (2,087±191 kcal/day) was not significantly different from TDEE (2,128±177 kcal/day), but reported daily energy intake was 20.4% lower (1,693±276 kcal/day). There were significant corrective responses in energy from fat and total energy intake. This occurred from Days 3 to 6, with a peak at Day 5 that disappeared when data were randomized within each subject. Human beings show corrective responses to deviations from average energy and macronutrient intakes with a lag time of 3 to 6 days, but not 1 to 2 days. These corrective responses are likely to play a role in bringing about weight stability.
The effects of pyridine nucleotides and glycerol on lipid phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria.

Abstract Isolated mitochondria of rat liver incorporate 32 P1, [γ- 32 P]ATP and [ 14 C]-glycerol into phospholipids. The major lipid which becomes labeled is provisionally identified as phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate. The incorporation of 32 P i into phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate is stimulated by succinate, glycerol and NAD+, and this stimulation is inhibited by oligomycin, atractyloside and dinitrophenol. Glycerol and NAD+ also stimulate labeling of phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate from [γ- 32 P]ATP and [ 14 C]glycerol and this stimulation is inhibited by oligomycin but not by atractyloside. These results suggest that NAD+ and glycerol are acting on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane and/or on the outer mitochondrial membrane. The stimulating effects of NAD+ and glycerol are not primarily related to their redox properties but rather appear to be mediated by some allosteric action on the mitochondrial membrane.
A single server queue with mixed types of interruptions

The single server M/G/1 queue subject to Poisson interruptions has many useful applications in computer systems modeling. The interruptions are usually characterized by their type of service-preemption discipline. This paper deals with this model in its most general setting, allowing the simultaneous presence of all types of interruptions that may be encountered in real systems. Inspite of the inherent complexity of the analysis, it is possible to derive analytic closed form expressions for interesting performance measures. The results obtained are of theoretical interest as well as of practical significance. In particular, we derive the Laplace Stieltjes transform of the completion time associated with a customer's Śervice and obtain the steady-state average number of customers in the system. An application to the modeling of checkpointing and recovery in a transactional system is considered.
Relative Activities of Retrovirally Expressed Murine Prostaglandin Synthase-1 and -2 Depend on Source of Arachidonic Acid

Abstract We have developed derivatives of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (10T1/2) and Chinese hamster ovary (AS52) cells that stably express high levels of murine prostaglandin synthase-1 or -2 (PGHS-1 or -2). The cDNAs were transferred using retroviral vectors and the resulting G418-resistant clones were analyzed for prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production. Specific expression was confirmed by Western and Northern analyses. Enzyme activities, protein, and message levels peaked 1 (10T1/2) or 2 (AS52) days after seeding but decreased as cells became density arrested. Upon subculturing, enzyme activities returned to their initial high levels. With 10 μ m exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) as the substrate, PGHS-1 activities were approximately 3- to 5-fold higher than PGHS-2 activities. Conversely, when exogenous AA was left out of the medium and only endogenous AA was available as substrate, enzyme activities were lower; but PGHS-2 activities were 5-fold (10T1/2) or 1.5-fold (AS52) higher than PGHS-1 activities. Following phorbol ester treatment to stimulate endogenous AA release, PGHS-2 activities increased over time and by 6 hours, were 4-fold (10T1/2) or 2-fold (AS52) higher than PGHS-1 activities. However, when calcium ionophore A23187 was used to stimulate endogenous AA release, maximum PGHS activities occurred within 30 min of treatment; PGHS-1 activities were equal to (10T1/2) or 2-fold higher (AS52) than PGHS-2 activities. Because these cell lines allow us to measure specific PGHS activity in intact cells, we were able to demonstrate that the relative activities of the two PGHS isozymes depend on the source of AA (exogenous versus endogenous) or biochemical stimulus used to mobilize endogenous AA (A23187 versus phorbol ester). These data suggest that PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 preferentially utilize different pools of AA and may be modulated through different stimulus-initiated pathways.
The Validity of the Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students for the Identification of Gifted Students

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students (SRBCSS) for the identification of gifted students. Subjects were ...
Infectious and immune factors in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders: Epidemiology, hypotheses, and animal models

Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, mental retardation, and schizophrenia. Some heritable disorders approach 100% penetrance; nonetheless, even in these disorders, subtle aspects of clinical disease expression may be influenced by the environment. In other disorders with genetic influences, exogenous factors, and the timepoint(s) during nervous system development at which they are introduced, modulate expression of disease. Elucidation of the mechanisms guiding this intricate interplay between host response genes, environmental agents, and the neurodevelopmental context within which these interactions occur, is necessary to understand the continuum of clinical outcomes. This chapter will review the evidence that infectious and immune factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, describe an animal model of neurodevelopmental disorders based upon viral infection, identify processes by which neural circuitry may be compromised, and outline areas for future research.
Comparative dissolution of electrospun Al2O3 nanofibres in artificial human lung fluids

Sub-micron sized alumina fibres were fabricated by electrospinning and calcination of a polymer template fibre. In the calcination step, different controlled temperature heating cycles were conducted to obtain fibres of different crystalline structures. Their biodurabilities were tested at pH 7.4 with lung airway epithelial lining fluid or serum ultrafiltrate (SUF) and at pH 4.5 with macrophage phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF). Potential to generate free radicals was tested in vitro. Through the variation in the soak temperature from 650 °C to 950 °C (experiments S650–S950), the heating protocol affected the morphological characteristics, crystal structure, surface area, and density of the alumina fibres while their dissolution half-times were not significantly affected in SUF or PSF. Fibre samples formed at different heating ramp rates (experiments R93–R600) showed significant variation in the dissolution rates with the highest ramp rate corresponding to the highest dissolution rate. Thus, by increasing the calcination temperature ramp rate the alumina fibres may be produced that have reduced biodurability and lower inflammogenic potential. The fibres with the highest dissolution rated had the least aluminium content. The solubility half-times of the alumina fibres were shortest for fibres calcined at the fastest temperature ramp rate (though soak temperature did not have an effect). The ramp rates also affected the aluminium content of the fibres suggesting that the content may affect the structural strength of the fibres and control the dissolution.
Disruption of the lower food web in Lake Ontario: Did it affect alewife growth or condition?

From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, a succession of non-native invertebrates colonized Lake Ontario and the suite of consequences caused by their colonization became known as “food web disruption”. For example, the native burrowing amphipod Diporeia spp., a key link in the profundal food web, declined to near absence, exotic predaceous cladocerans with long spines proliferated, altering the zooplankton community, and depth distributions of fishes shifted. These changes had the potential to affect growth and condition of planktivorous alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, the most abundant fish in the lake. To determine if food web disruption affected alewife, we used change-point analysis to examine alewife growth and adult alewife condition during 1976–2006 and analysis-of-variance to determine if values between change points differed significantly. There were no change points in growth during the first year of life. Of three change points in growth during the second year of life, one coincided with the shif...
Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relation Between Health and Economic Status

The first section of this paper documents the size of the association between health and one prominent economic status measure--household wealth. The next section deals with how health influences economic status by sketching out reasons why health may alter household savings (and eventually wealth) and then providing estimates of the empirical magnitude of these effects. The third section shifts attention to the other pathway--the links between economic status and health--and summarizes major controversies and evidence surrounding these issues.
Aristotle on the Impossibility of Anaximander’s apeiron: On Generation and Corruption, 332a20-25*

Abstract In On Generation and Corruption, Aristotle rejects the very possibility of such a thing as Anaximander’s apeiron. Characterized as a kind of intermediate stuff, the apeiron turns out to consist of contraries and as such is impossible. Commentators have rightly noted this point and some have also indicated that Aristotle offers an argument of sorts for his negative estimate. However, the argument has received scant attention, and it is fair to say that it remains unclear exactly why Aristotle rejects Anaximander’s intermediate stuff. Indeed, it is unclear how Aristotle’s argument is supposed to run in the first place. This paper offers a reconstruction of Aristotle’s argument for the impossibility of the apeiron, and on this basis offers to explain Aristotle’s grounds for rejecting Anaximander’s intermediate stuff. This is especially called for in light of the fact that Aristotle himself thinks that there can be intermediate stuffs. Finally, some attention is given to the parallel between the apeiron and Aristotle’s prime matter.
A precision isotope ratio mass spectrometer for the analysis of 6Li/7Li

Abstract An isotope ratio mass spectrometer is described which is capable of measuring 6Li/7Li abundance ratios with a reproducible precision of ∼±4.0 · 10−4 at the 95% confidence level. The instrument includes a Knudsen cell-electron impact ionization source, a 90° magnetic sector and a double collector system. The ion currents are integrated digitally following v-to-f conversion. The precision, accuracy, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the instrument are described.
Thermal access to amplified chemical potential and the determination of equilibrium constants in protein solutions at subfreezing temperatures

During rapid cooling of ferric heme protein solutions containing fluoride, locally concentrated ligand cannot fully equilibrate with heme before the temperature drops below 200 K and into the range where energy is insufficient for exchange with iron-bound water. When temperature is then jumped above 200 K, exchange of fluoride for bound water is activated. Between 200 and 240 K, further fluoride complex formation takes place over several minutes; its extent is measured along the kinetic curve by reimmersing the sample into liquid nitrogen and taking EPR spectra. Kinetic curves for replacement of iron-bound water by fluoride in horse aquo-ferrimyoglobin and human aquo-ferrihemoglobin, and corresponding equilibrium constants have been obtained at temperatures between 200 and 240 K. The reaction rates are affected by sucrose. Results indicate that the kinetics of exchange of fluoride for heme-bound water at subfreezing temperatures is protein specific and not diffusion-controlled, and is not affected by the phase transition of ice which takes place at subfreezing temperature. Free energy changes accompanying these reactions are largely continuous as the systems pass from above to below freezing.
Mitral valve prolapse and hyperthyroidism: Effect of patient selection☆

Patients with mitral valve prolapse and hyperthyroidism have common symptoms; the most outstanding symptom is palpitation. To determine whether or not common symptoms contributed to the reported association of these conditions, we evaluated 220 patients with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse and 216 first-degree relatives in 72 families; 65 relatives with mitral valve prolapse and 151 relatives without mitral valve prolapse, all greater than or equal to 16 years of age. Thirty subjects, aged 49 +/- 13 years (p less than 0.025 vs entire study group), had thyroid disease (23 subjects had definite thyroid disease, seven subjects had probable); 27 of 30 subjects with thyroid disease (90%) were female (p less than 0.005). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hyperthyroidism was significantly higher in probands with mitral valve prolapse than in family members without mitral valve prolapse (3.5% vs 0%, p = 0.03), while an intermediate prevalence of hyperthyroidism (2.2%) was observed in family members with mitral valve prolapse. Thus, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is increased among symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse as compared to family members without mitral valve prolapse, but the prevalence of thyroid conditions is similar among family members with or without this condition. These findings are explained by the effect of common symptoms on clinical detection of both mitral valve prolapse and hyperthyroidism.
NONECONOMIC CRITERIA AND THE DECISION PROCESS

This paper describes a method for systematically including consideration of noneconomic criteria in the decision-making process. It focuses on the Space Applications Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, but is intended as a general outline applicable to decision problems in both government and business. The methodology involves four stages. First, a Criteria Set is developed by a panel of members with diverse backgrounds. Second, the criteria are made operational by posing a series of carefully worded questions to appropriate experts. Then the responses are scaled according to the degree of refinement considered necessary and appropriate. To allow flexibility and to accommodate differences in the degree of precision considered feasible, a number of scaling methods are identified. These range from a simple positive-negative response checkoff to summation of individually-weighted criteria with interaction among criteria. Finally, projects are selected on the basis of predetermined standards of choice.
Depressed stimulation in the MLR by B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Failure to demonstrate a suppressor cell

Abstract Unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes and B-cell enriched fractions from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were compared with similar populations from normal donors for their ability to stimulate allogeneic cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Both unfractionated lymphocytes and enriched B cells from patients with CLL stimulated allogenetic lymphocytes poorly. This poor stimulation did not appear to be the result of low numbers of peripheral blood monocytes in the CLL lymphocyte populations, nor was it due to a shift in the kinetics of the MLR. To determine if a suppressor cell in patients with CLL was affecting the response of allogeneic cells, T- and B-enriched lymphocyte populations from these patients were added as third-party cells to a normal MLR. In five experiments, no suppression of a normal MLR was observed. In addition, plastic adherent and plastic nonadherent lymphocyte populations from patients with CLL were assayed for their ability to stimulate normal lymphocytes in a MLR and to function as suppressor cells in a normal MLR. Both of these subpopulations failed to function as good stimulating cells and to demonstrate suppressive activity in a MLR. Thus, the poor proliferative response observed in a MLR composed of normal responding lymphocytes and CLL-stimulating lymphocytes is probably due to an intrinsic defect in the CLL B lymphocyte.
Worse than sticks and stones? Bullying is associated with altered HPA axis functioning and poorer health

Adolescents (N=107; M=12.23 years, SD=1.09 months) participated in a two-part study examining peer victimization, neuroendocrine functioning, and physical health. In phase 1, adolescents completed questionnaires assessing peer victimization and health. They returned for phase 2 which consisted of two sessions. In session 1, adolescents learned to collect salivary cortisol samples; they collected four samples over 2 non-sports school days. In session 2, adolescents completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in which they prepared and delivered a speech while cortisol was collected. Peer victimization predicted poor health outcomes and a flattened cortisol awakening response (CAR); this CAR was linked with health problems. During the TSST, victims reported more stress and exhibited altered cortisol levels. Higher cortisol immediately after the stressor and lower cortisol 30min after the stressor were associated with more health problems. This study provides evidence that the relationship between peer victimization and poor physical health may be explained by differences in neuroendocrine functioning. Language: en
Inhibition of attachment of larval barnacles, Balanus amphitrite, by bacterial surface films

Films of bacteria on solid substrata can positively or negatively influence the attachment of marine invertebrate larvae. Effects of marine bacteria on the attachment of cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite Darwin were examined in the laboratory. Bacteria, grown to mid-exponential phase and allowed to adsorb irreversibly to polystyrene petri dishes, attached in densities of 107 cells cm-2. Assays (22h) were used to compare the effects of adsorbed cells of 18 different bacterial species on larval barnacle attachment. Most of the adsorbed bacteria either inhibited or had no effect on larval attachment compared to clean surfaces. Experiments testing the effect of larval age on barnacle attachment were conducted with six species of bacteria and showed that older larvae attached in higher percentages to clean surfaces and that bacterial films generally inhibited larval attaschment. Both the species of bacteria and the in situ age of the adsorbed bacteria affected barnacle attachment response: older films of Deleya (Pseudomonas) marina were more inhibitory. Bacterial extracellular materials may be involved in the inhibitory process.
The electronic spectroscopy of 4-ethylphenol, 4-propylphenol, and 4-propylanisole in a supersonic jet

Abstract We have obtained fluorescence excitation spectra of the origin regions of 4-ethylphenol, 4-propylphenol, and 4-propylanisole in a supersonic jet. Power saturation techniques reveal the existence of one, three, and three conformers, respectively. Two of the three origins of 4-propylphenol and 4-propylanisole were interpreted as resulting from a splitting of gauche structural conformers; the third results from an anti structural conformer. The 4-propylanisole spectrum indicates that steric and/or electronic interactions between the propyl group and the hydroxyl group are responsible for the observed splitting in the spectrum of 4-propylphenol.
Slit domains and quasiconformal mappings in n-space

A slit domain is a domain whose complement lies on a topological sphere. A result due to Gehring says that a slit domain in is quasiconformally equivalent to the unit ball if and only if its complement is a quasiconformal disk in , the image of a disk under a quasiconformal map of . In this paper we establish some generalizations of this result to higher dimensions.
E‐book devices and the marketplace: in search of customers

Since the introduction of the rocket e‐book several years ago, e‐books have promised to revolutionize the way we read. Corporate giants Microsoft and Adobe Systems have developed sophisticated e‐book reader software that enhances the electronic reading experience. Hardware manufacturers such as Gemstar, Franklin, and Cytale continue to produce new reading devices. Yet despite the numerous advantages offered by various e‐book readers and despite the widespread popularity of personal digital assistants (PDAs) and pocket PCs capable of reading electronic books, the e‐book market has thus far failed to materialize. Aside from institutional purchases of netLibrary titles, sales figures for e‐books have been disappointing, due in large part to digital rights management barriers that have adversely affected available content. Publishers, fearing Napster‐like piracy of digital content, seem reluctant to develop a viable e‐book business model whose success could undermine the traditional, paper‐based publishing industry.
Pediatric ethmoid sinus desmoplastic fibroma: Case report and review of pediatric bony sinus tumors

Abstract While intraosseous tumors of the pediatric sinonasal tract are rare and tend to be slow growing, they can be locally aggressive and have a tendency to recur. Due to the possibility of devastating outcomes secondary to mass effect, it is important for physicians to promptly diagnose and properly manage these tumors. We report an extremely rare case of a desmoplastic fibroma of the ethmoid sinus in a pediatric patient and review its clinical findings, methods of diagnosis, and treatment.
Specificity and sodium dependence of the active nucleoside transport system in choroid plexus.

The transport of [3H]deoxyuridine by the active nucleoside transport system into the isolated rabbit choroid plexus was measured in vitro under various conditions. Choroid plexuses were incubated in artificial CSF containing 1 microM [3H]deoxyuridine and 1 microM nitrobenzylthioinosine for 5 min under 95% O2-5% CO2 at 37 degrees C and the accumulation of [3H]deoxyuridine measured. Nitrobenzylthioinosine was added to the artificial CSF at a concentration (1 microM) that did not inhibit the active nucleoside transport system but did inhibit the separate, saturable nucleoside efflux system. The active transport of deoxyuridine into the choroid plexus depended on Na+ in the medium, as ouabain, substitution of Li+ and choline for Na+, and poly-L-lysine all inhibited deoxyuridine transport. Thiocyanate in place of chloride and penetrating sulfhydryl reagents also inhibited the active transport of deoxyuridine into choroid plexus. The active transport of deoxyuridine into choroid plexus, which is inhibited by naturally occurring ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides (IC50 = 7-21 microM), was not inhibited (IC50 much greater than 150 microM) by nucleosides with certain alterations on the 2', 3', or 5' positions in D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose (e.g., adenine arabinoside, 3'-deoxyadenosine, xylosyladenosine); or the pyrimidine or purine rings (e.g., 6-azauridine, xanthosine, 7-methylinosine, or 8-bromoadenosine). Other analogues were effective (IC50 = 8-26 microM; e.g., 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides, 7-deazaadenosine, 6-mercaptoguanosine) or less effective (IC50 = 46-145 microM; e.g., 5-azacytidine, 3-deazauridine) inhibitors of deoxyuridine transport into the isolated choroid plexus.
Influence of Fungal Surface Components on the Interaction of Coccidioides immitis with Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) possess phagocytic and fungicidal activity against Coccidioides immitis that declines during maturation from arthroconidia to round cells, is lost throughout spherule maturation, and returns when endospores are released from ruptured spherules. Studies of PMN chemiluminescence, iodination, and degranulation give similar results. Phagocytosis of forms other than spherules is strain dependent and enhanced by immune serum. The absence of adequate PMN-spherule interaction may be attributed to the production of an extracellular fibrillar matrix, glycoprotein in composition, that restricts intimate PMN-spherule contact. When the spherule ruptures, PMNs enter to phagocytose endospores that are themselves invested by a matrix derived from the inner spherule wall. The immunochemical relationship between the outer matrix and the inner matrix remains to be discovered. Nevertheless, presence of the outer matrix may help to explain the long-standing histopathologic observation that PMNs fail to attack spherules until they release their endospores.
High pressure: Compressed hydrogen heats up.

The finding of a new molecular phase in hydrogen under high pressure and moderate temperature adds to the complexity of its phase diagram.
Organozirconium complexes as catalysts for Markovnikov-selective intermolecular hydrothiolation of terminal alkynes: scope and mechanism.

The efficient and selective organozirconium(IV)-mediated, intermolecular hydrothiolation of terminal alkynes by aliphatic, benzylic, and aromatic thiols using CGCZrMe2 (CGC = Me2SiCp′′ NCMe3, Cp′′ = C5Me4), Cp*ZrBn3 (Cp* = C5Me5, Bn = benzyl), Cp*ZrCl2NMe2, Cp*2ZrMe2, and Zr(NMe2)4 precatalysts is reported. These transformations are shown to be highly Markovnikov-selective, with selectivities up to 99%, and typically in greater than 90% yields. The reaction has been demonstrated on the preparative scale with 72% isolated yield and 99% Markovnikov selectivity. A mixture of anti-Markovnikov products is occasionally observed as a result of a known, non-organometallic, radical mechanism, which can be suppressed by addition of a radical inhibitor. Kinetic investigations show that the CGCZrMe2-mediated reaction between 1-pentanethiol and 1-hexyne is first-order in catalyst concentration, first-order in alkyne concentration, and also first-order in thiol at lower concentrations but transitions to zero-order at c...
Determination of Iodochlorhydroxyquin and Corticosteroids in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Abstract Iodochlorhydroxyquin was separated from various corticosteroids using an acetonitrile‐diatomaceous earth column. Iodochlorhydroxyquin was eluted with cyclohexane, and the corticosteroid was eluted with chloroform. Iodochlorhydroxyquin was determined by both a UV absorbance method and a new compleximetric method using the nickel chelate of iodochlorhydroxyquin. The corticosteroid was determined by the blue tetrazolium and isoniazid procedures. The average percent recovery for these four methods was 100.8, 99.4, 100.7, and 99.9, respectively, for 10 known mixtures. The standard deviation for the absorbance for 10 determinations of the nickel complex was 0.002 absorbance unit (0.31%). Various characteristics of the nickel and other complexes were evaluated, including the sensitivity, solubility, and wavelength of maximum absorbance in 14 different solvents. The analyses of 23 typical products are reported, for which the standard deviation, expressed as a percentage of the amount declared, was 1.31% for the UV, 1.34% for the compleximetric, 1.49% for the blue tetrazolium, and 1.22% for the isoniazid procedures. Methods of determination in the presence of interferences are discussed.
Coulometric study of the redox dynamics of iron in seawater

Controlled potential coulometric analysis has long been recognized as one of the most sensitive electrochemical techniques but is limited in application by the lack of specificity of the method. One way of improving specificity is through electrochemical masking using strong, selective complexing agents. In this paper, a controlled potential coulometric procedure combined with a masking technique is developed and applied to the measurement of low concentrations of oxidizable Fe(II) species in seawater. The technique is particularly appropriate to studies of iron redox processes in seawater since the redox dynamics of the system under investigation are not greatly perturbed by the analytical procedure developed.
Heregulin induces increase in sensitivity of an erbB-2-overexpressing breast cancer cell type to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells

The erbB-2 oncoprotein is overexpressed in 30% of tumors from breast and ovarian cancer patients and it is related to poor overall and disease-free survival. In vitro studies on erbB-2-overexpressing cells have found a strong correlation between this oncogene overexpression and relative resistance to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell lysis. gp30/heregulin/NDF (neu differentiation factor), indirect activators of erbB-2, are able to induce a more differentiated phenotype on erbB-2-overexpressing, erbB-3- and/or erbB-4-positive breast cancer cells. We tested the ability of these highly homologous growth factors to stimulate LAK cell lysis of breast cancer cells. Our experiments demonstrated a marked increase in LAK cell cytotoxicity towards an erbB-2-overexpressing, erbB-3-positive cell line by treatment of these cells with heregulin for 72 h. In contrast we did not observe any enhancement of lysis of MCF-7, a cell line that does not overexpress erbB-2 and is positive for the erbB-3 and erbB-4 receptors, after treatment with heregulin. The increased lysis was associated with up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), down-regulation of erbB-2 and increased binding between breast cancer cells and LAK cells. Pre incubation of target (SKBR3) cells with blocking anti-ICAM-1 antibody completely abrogated the enhanced cytotoxicity. A similar effect was observed by pretreatment of the effector (LAK) cells with antibodies directed against LFA-1, the receptor for ICAM-1. These results suggest the possible utilization of gp30/heregulin in the treatment of breast cancer patients by its ability to stimulate patient immune responses.
Pattern recognition and image reconstruction using improved digital Zernike moments

Zernike moments are one of the most effective orthogonal, rotation-invariant moments in continuous space. Unfortunately, the digitization process necessary for use with digital imagery results in compromised orthogonality. In this work, we introduce improved digital Zernike moments that exhibit much better orthogonality, while preserving their inherent invariance to rotation. We then propose a novel pattern recognition algorithm that is based on the improved digital Zernike moments. With the improved orthogonality, targets can be represented by fewer moments, thus minimizing computational complexity. Additionally, the rotation invariance enables our algorithm to recognize targets with arbitrary orientation. Because our algorithm eliminates the segmentation step that is typically applied in other techniques, it is better suited to low-quality imagery. Simulations on real images demonstrate these aspects of the proposed algorithm.
Hurricanes Ivan, Jeanne, Karl (2004) and mid-latitude trough interactions

Singular vectors (SVs) constructed from the adjoint model of the U.S. Naval Operational Global Atmosphere Prediction System (NOGAPS) for three Atlantic hurricanes in 2004, Ivan, Jeanne and Karl, are examined to understand interactions between them and a mid-latitude trough system. By optimizing the perturbation energy localized in a small region centered at the 48-hour projected position of a tropical cyclone, the initial time singular vector represents the sensitive region to the final state within the specified region for a specified optimization period. For hurricane Ivan, the SV analysis reveals the merging of a shortwave mid-latitude trough and Ivan to form a new trough system. This new trough system impacted the evolution of hurricane Jeanne in subsequent time through the upstream flow of the trough that moved toward Jeanne. This is consistent with previous studies on the sensitivity of tropical cyclone prediction using SV diagnostics. The SV associated with Jeanne at later stage shows that Jeanne influenced the third hurricane Karl through the trough system as Karl went through extratropical transition and became part of the trough. This effect is magnified when the SV is computed using the moist adjoint system containing large scale precipitation. Detailed diagnostics of the SVs for individual components at different levels show that the sensitivity associated with the trough is very similar for those optimized for Jeanne and Karl, respectively, thus providing evidence that the mid-latitude trough impacted Jeanne and Karl at the same time. This study demonstrates the capability of singular vector in diagnosing complicated interactions among a mid-latitude trough and three co-existing tropical cyclones.
Microwave surface impedance measurements on the heavy fermion superconductor UPt3

Abstract We have used cavity perturbation techniques to study the microwave surface impedance of the heavy fermion intermetalic compound UPt3 in the superconducting and normal states. The surface impedance as a function of temperature was measured in the frequency range from ∼9 to 38 GHz. These microwave photon energies are about 20% to 95% of the estimated zero-temperature energy gap of UPt3. A change of slope was observed in the resistance vs. temperature curves at Tc. No evidence for a collective mode was observed for all the frequencies down to the lowest temperature reached (∼0.1 K).
RESPONSE OF MOUSE INTESTINAL MICROFLORA TO DIETARY CELLULOSE, STARCH AND SUCROSE

Mice of the C57Bl/Fn strain were placed on diets of either 77% starch or 77% sucrose. To the basic diets was added 10% cellulose for half the test animals in each group. After a 3-wk feeding period the mice were sacrificed and the microflora of the intestinal tracts was sampled. Counts obtained from mice on either the starch or sucrose basal diets were not different. Addition of cellulose to the diets resulted in a greater drop in the number of bacteria found in the intestines of the animals fed the sucrose diet as compared to those fed the starch diet. These differences were less noticeable with tests for coliform and streptococcal bacteria.
The Development of an Effective Occupational Therapy Assessment and Treatment Pathway for Women with a Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder in an Inpatient Setting: Implementing the Model of Human Occupation

This article describes the implementation of a comprehensive occupational therapy graded assessment and treatment pathway within an inpatient specialist unit for women with borderline personality d...
The illumination characteristics of operative microscopes

Abstract Purpose Modern operative microscopes use light sources which possess the power to severely damage underlying tissue. Currently, manufacturers provide a safety warning of this possibility. However, they are unable to suggest specific settings due to a stated “lack of scientific publications on this topic". We aim to radiometrically evaluate multiple otologic microscopes at variables which effect irradiance in order to determine reference emissions levels and provide guidelines for improved intraoperative safety. Materials and methods The optical radiance of four otologic microscopes was evaluated at variable field illumination sizes (spot size), intensity settings and working distances. The spectral emission of each microscope was separately measured. The energy absorbed in skin with representative properties was then calculated as a function of time for each microscope by accounting for the emission spectrum of the microscope and the absorption spectrum of skin. Results Microscopes showed a wide range of optical radiance based on model, spots size, intensity setting and working distances. Spectral emission of all four microscopes was centered in the visible spectrum with minimal ultraviolet or infrared contribution. A large amount of energy is absorbed by skin during usage of operative microscopes. The highest calculated absorption at 200 min of use was 736.26 J/cm2. Conclusions Operative microscopes have the ability to cause patient morbidity secondary to the energy they impart. In an effort to decrease potential injury we recommend that physicians be aware of their microscopes properties and how to control variables which effect irradiance of the skin.
Calculation of ionization energy of alkyl radicals by hybrid density functional theory methods

Abstract The ionization energies for methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, and tert-butyl radicals are evaluated by four hybrid density functional (DFT) methods (BHandH, BHandHLYP, Becke3LYP and Becke3P86). Several basis sets were used, starting from very small, 3–21G∗, to the very large, 6–311++G(3df,3pd). The obtained results were compared with ab-initio MP2, a single point DFT on AM1 geometries, and experimental results. The suitability of particular DFT methods for the calculation of ionization energy is discussed.
Grief Counseling Groups in a Medium-Security Prison.

The authors discuss their facilitation of four grief counseling groups with male inmates in a state prison over a two-year period. Worden's Tasks of Mourning were used as a guide for the group process. Disenfranchised grief and gender and cultural issues in grieving are explored. Catalytic exercises are described, and written feedback from inmates is included. The authors also describe the impact these experiences had on themselves as counselors and facilitators of the groups.
Polymers that Contain Ligated Metals in their Side Chain : Building a Foundation for Functional Materials in Opto-Electronic Applications with an Emphasis on Lanthanide Ions

Organic polymers that contain ligated metals offer a variety of unique properties which include luminescence, electro- and photochemistry, catalysis, charge, magnetism, and thermochromism. These organic-inorganic hybrid materials have the potential to offer novel active matrixes for advanced devices. Continued progress in synthetic chemistry and molecular characterization will enable such advanced materials. Here the focus is restricted to side-chain metal complexes with emissive properties that highlight the use of lanthanide ions as opposed to the often-studied transition metal complexes.
Particle Morphology as a Control of Permeation in Polymer Films Obtained from MMA/nBA Colloidal Dispersions

The combination of precision-controlled weight loss measurements and spectroscopic surface FT-IR analysis allowed us to identify unique behaviors of poly(methyl methacrylate) (p-MMA). When MMA and n-butyl acrylate (nBA) are polymerized into p-MMA and p-nBA homopolymer blends, MMA/nBA random copolymers, and p-MMA/p-nBA core-shell morphologies, a controlled mobility and stratification of low molecular weight components occurs in films formed from coalesced colloidal dispersions. Due to different affinities toward water, p-MMA and p-nBA are capable of releasing water at different rates, depending upon particle morphological features of initial dispersions. As coalescence progresses, water molecules are released from the high free volume p-nBA particles, whereas p-MMA retains water molecules for the longest time due to its hydrophilic nature. As a result, water losses at extended coalescence times are relatively small for p-MMA. MMA/nBA copolymer and p-MMA/p-nBA blends follow the same trends, although the magnitudes of changes are not as pronounced. The p-MMA/p-nBA core-shell behavior resembles that of p-nBA homopolymer, which is attributed to significantly lower content of the p-MMA component in particles. Annealing of coalesced colloidal films at elevated temperatures causes migration of SDOSS to the F-A interface, but for films containing primarily p-nBA, reverse diffusion back into the bulk is observed. These studies illustrate that the combination of different particle morphologies and temperatures leads to controllable permeation processes through polymeric films.
Continuous solid-solid phase transitions driven by an eight-component order parameter: Hamiltonian densities and renormalization-group theory.

Continuous solid-solid phase transitions driven by an eight-component order parameter are investigated. We list the active eight-dimensional physically irreducible representations we find among the 230 crystallographic space groups and the matrix images onto which they map the symmetry operations. We obtain the Landau potential (to fourth degree) as well as the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian for each case. We obtain the recursion relations in renormalization-group (RG) theory, and calculate the fixed points. We find that none of the fixed points are stable. Thus for transitions driven by an eight-component order parameter, none can be continuous according to RG theory.
Main kinetic features of ethylene polymerization reactions with heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts in the light of a multicenter reaction mechanism

The previously developed kinetic scheme of ethylene polymerization reactions with heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts (refs 1-3) states that the catalysts have several types of active centers which have different activities, different stabilities, produce different types of polymers, and respond differently to reaction conditions. Each type of center produces a single polymer component (Flory component), a material with the same structure (copolymer composition, isotacticity, etc.) and a narrow molecular weight distribution with M w IM n=2.0. This paper examines several features of ethylene polymerization reactions in the view of this mechanism. They include temperature and cocatalyst effects on molecular weight distribution, as well as the effect of reaction parameters (temperature, ethylene and hydrogen partial pressure, α-olefin and cocatalyst concentration) on molecular weights of Flory components.
SAINTS AND SINNERS: ELITE TATTOO COLLECTORS AND TATTOOISTS AS POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DEVIANTS

Arguing that the deviance literature has presented an overly negative image of norm breaking, some researchers in the 1980s and 1990s began to argue for a category of positive deviance that included studies of individuals who exceed social norms (Ben-Yehuda 1990; Dodge 1985; Heckert 1989, 1997, 1998). The positive deviance perspective inspired several strong theoretical statements suggesting that deviance can only be conceptualized as a negative response to norm breaking (Best and Luckenbill 1982; Goode 1991; Sagarin 1985). The result is a schism between researchers studying positive deviants and those investigating negative deviants. This article looks at two groups within the most elite realm of tattooing, tattoo collectors and tattooists, and identifies how they use both positive and negative deviant attributes to maintain a privileged status on the fringe of society. By exploring an example of individuals who exceed and fall below social norms, I offer two new categories of positive deviance: high cul...
The development and deployment of a multi-user, remote access virtualization system for networking, security, and system administration classes

We have combined four industry standard technologies to create a flexible, modular and easily extensible virtual server environment for both distance and local students to use in our networking, security, and system administration classes. By combining the remote access technologies of Remote Desktop, the multi-user capabilities of Microsoft Terminal Services, the ability to share sessions of Remote Assistance, and the ability to manipulate virtual machines and virtual networks using VMWare Workstation, the Remote Laboratory Emulation System (RLES) allows students to conduct labs very similar to our local labs from either inside or outside our lab facility. While other people have been experimenting with various combinations of these technologies we have aggressively developed and implemented this system and feel that it has become a very important tool in our ability to cost-effectively provide computing infrastructure for local and distant students, and student and faculty research.
The determination of the catecholamines and their metabolites in the pedal ganglion of Quadrula pustulosa (Mollusca, Pelecypoda).

1. 1. Dopamine represents the only catecholamine present in the pedal ganglion of the freshwater pelecypod Quadrula pustulosa detectable by ascending thin-layer chromatography. 2. 2. Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and an unknown compound appear to be the only metabolites of dopamine. 3. 3. Pedal ganglia concentrate dopamine when incubated in a solution containing the amine. 4. 4. Concentration of [3H]dopamine occurs within neurons, as demonstrated by light microscope autoradiography. 5. 5. Determination of the rate of conversion of [3H]dopamine to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (2.33 × 10−4 μg. per g. per hour) indicates low levels of monoamine oxidase activity.