cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laterality of 40 Hz EEG and EMG During Cognitive Performance

Task-dependent lateralization of the 40 Hz EEG rhythm was investigated in 15 right-handed male adults during the performance of verbal analogy and geometric figure rotation tasks. Forty Hz EMG recorded from the temporal and splenius muscles was similarly examined. Results indicate that 40 Hz EEG is asymmetrically distributed during cognitive performance, varying as a function of cognitive processsing. The range of laterality scores also varied by condition, with the largest variation present during baseline conditions and smallest recorded during the presentation of the verbal analogies task, suggesting that individual cognitive styles tend to vary more during less structured situations. No relationship between 40 Hz EMG and task was obtained.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY IN A DUMP COMBUSTOR

ment and the uniform stress boundary conditions were considered at the end tab surfaces. The results under the two different boundary conditions are practically the same within the gauge length section and around the tab tip. Under the end tab region different boundary conditions (stress vs displacement) result in significantly different results. For a thicker IITRI specimen the stress concentrations and the stress profiles obtained by the two different boundary conditions are considerably different. Since there is no stress concentration in the gauge length section of the specimen, the compressive modulus can be measured using the Celanese or IITRI specimens. However, a preliminary study has shown that the apparent strengths determined by these test methods are significantly lower than those obtained from face-supported specimens.9 This suggests that stability could be a problem for the Celanese and IITRI specimens. Additional stability analysis is needed to confirm this result. Acknowledgment This work is supported by the Materials Laboratory of Wright Patterson Air Force Base under contract F33615-88-C5420. References
Collaboration Processes: Inside the Black Box

Social science research contains a wealth of knowledge for people seeking to understand collaboration processes. The authors argue that public managers should look inside the “black box” of collaboration processes. Inside, they will find a complex construct of five variable dimensions: governance, administration, organizational autonomy, mutuality, and norms. Public managers must know these five dimensions and manage them intentionally in order to collaborate effectively.
FMR1 premutation and full mutation molecular mechanisms related to autism

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by an expanded CGG repeat (>200 repeats) in the 5′ un-translated portion of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) leading to a deficiency or absence of the FMR1 protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of a number of other genes that are important for synaptic development and plasticity. Furthermore, many of these genes, when mutated, have been linked to autism in the general population, which may explain the high comorbidity that exists between FXS and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Additionally, premutation repeat expansions (55 to 200 CGG repeats) may also give rise to ASD through a different molecular mechanism that involves a direct toxic effect of FMR1 mRNA. It is believed that RNA toxicity underlies much of the premutation-related involvement, including developmental concerns like autism, as well as neurodegenerative issues with aging such as the fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). RNA toxicity can also lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is common in older premutation carriers both with and without FXTAS. Many of the problems with cellular dysregulation in both premutation and full mutation neurons also parallel the cellular abnormalities that have been documented in idiopathic autism. Research regarding dysregulation of neurotransmitter systems caused by the lack of FMRP in FXS, including metabotropic glutamate receptor 1/5 (mGluR1/5) pathway and GABA pathways, has led to new targeted treatments for FXS. Preliminary evidence suggests that these new targeted treatments will also be beneficial in non-fragile X forms of autism.
Effects of Oral Sensory Afferents on Mastication in the Miniature Pig

The performance of mastication is presumed to be influenced by afferent stimulation, but little information is available from awake, intact animals. Thirteen experiments were carried out with four miniature pigs. Electromyographic signals from the jaw muscles were recorded simultaneously with jaw movements during natural chewing of foods of differing hardnesses. Harder foods were found to be associated with higher activity levels of jaw-closing muscles and greater lateral deviation, but reduced jaw opening. The sensory supply from one side of the oral cavity was then removed by injected local anesthetic, and the recordings repeated. In addition to decreased activity levels, the jaw-closing muscles showed reduced ability to adjust to different foods. The frequency of mastication fell slightly, and the animals preferred to chew on the uninjected side. Lateral deviation was reduced, but at the same time the jaw-opening muscles usually became more active and accordingly the jaw opened more widely. These findings provide new information on the role of oral sensory afferents in regulating natural chewing patterns. The decreased activities of the jaw-closing muscles are consistent with, although they do not demonstrate, the existence of a positive feedback from periodontal afferents.
Aspect angle dependence of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines

The magnetic aspect angle dependence of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines (NEIALs) is investigated using two multibeam experiments with the 450 MHz electronically steerable Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. In each experiment, dynamics in the accompanying auroral activity suggest that the source of free energy for the instability is equally present, in a statistical sense, in a wide portion of sky. Yet strong variations in backscattered power are observed when radar beam direction is altered by only 1°. In our observations, the strongest scattered power appears in the magnetic-zenith direction and weakens with increasing angle between the radar beam and the magnetic lines of force. NEIALs occurring above the F region peak are observed to disappear almost completely at aspect angles as small as 2°. The results are somewhat surprising since previous experiments have detected NEIALs at aspect angles up to 15°. It is shown that during dynamic geophysical conditions, such as the substorm intervals studied in this report, more than one of the generation mechanisms proposed to explain NEIALs may be operating simultaneously. The different mechanisms result in different spectral morphologies and different degrees of sensitivity to the magnetic aspect angle.
Hypertextbooks: Animated, Active Learning, Comprehensive Teaching and Learning Resources for the Web

Computer-generated visualizations have been used in computer science education for many years, most notably in the form of algorithm animations. Although appealing and often useful, the anecdotal evidence is that these visualizations are seldom used in the classroom. There are many reasons for this, including platform dependence, cumbersome installation and maintenance procedures, and--perhaps most influential-- a lack of integration with other course materials. Hypertextbooks provide one solution to these problems. Designed as complete teaching and learning resources for the web, hypertextbooks incorporate many features for teaching and learning that vastly extend the capabilities of traditional textbooks. Along with traditional textual presentations of the material to be learned, hypertextbooks allow for different learning paths through the material for different learning needs, an abundance of pictures and illustrations, video clips where helpful, audio, and--most importantly--interactive, active learning visualizations of key concepts. In this paper we discuss the hypertextbook concept by way of the hypertextbook project currently underway at Montana State University.
Very Small Ecosystems

A common criticism of the individualistic, nonequilibrium view of ever-changing ecosystems is that “natural” ecological change happens over great time scales – so great, in fact, that such change is irrelevant for our current ecosystem preservation and conservation efforts. Of course ecosystems change, the argument goes, but they change over millennia. The holistic equilibrium view is based on the scale of years to decades, and on this scale ecosystems may be treated as stable – progressing through succession to the domain of attraction – and would remain stable if it were not for human activities. Without a doubt, humans have accelerated ecosystem change by creating stressful ecological conditions and by introducing and unintentionally favoring invasive species. It is also clear that the dominant plant and animal communities of an ecosystem, given a regular disturbance regime and a constant stress regime, can remain relatively unchanged over time. Indeed, ecological changes on the scale of years to decades may be subtle; individual species may a respond to a gradual increase in regional temperature, perhaps, or slow processes of erosion and sedimentation. As we have seen, such responses can result in monumental ecosystem change over long periods of time, but it is true enough that these changes may not even be noticeable on an annual basis. Therefore, the argument may conclude, it is our duty to restore ecosystems to and maintain them in the appropriate stable state.
Variational Methods for Fluid Flow in Porous Media

ABSTRACT Ewing, R.E., 1986. Variational methods for fluid flow in porous media. The modeling of large-scale fluid flow in porous media is an extremely complex process that is fraught with difficulties. In this paper we shall discuss some of the problems that are special to porous media flow and indicate how certain variational methods can effectively address these problems. The flexibility and power of variational techniques will be illustrated in the context of combinations with local analytic properties, mixed finite element methods for accurate fluid velocities, and efficient self-adaptive local grid refinement. These methods have been shown to have great potential for major advances in petroleum reservoir simulation and modeling of hydrology and contaminant transport.
Clinical Implications of the New Molecular Knowledge for Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

For more than 35 years, the standard induction therapy for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) consists of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). Until recently, efforts to improve upon this regimen were empiric and without success, and consisted of adding additional cytotoxic drugs, intensifying doses and schedules of drugs, and consolidating initial responses with high dose therapy and autologous stem cell support. The addition of rituximab to standard CHOP therapy (RCHOP) more than a decade ago improved progression-free and overall survival, and now the majority of patients presenting with DLBCL are cured with induction therapy. Biological insights from gene expression profile (GEP) studies indicate substantial heterogeneity of DLBCL, which is largely responsible for treatment failure. We are now at the cusp of being able to utilize rational targeted therapies in biologically-defined subgroups of patients of DLBCL. In addition to cell-of-origin defined subgroups, GEP has defined stromal signatures and pathway-specific signatures in DLBCL which also predict outcome and potentially define a group of patients for a biologically-targeted therapy approach. At present, clinical development strategies include combining novel agents with standard RCHOP treatment and/or evaluating novel agents as maintenance or consolidation after RCHOP treatment. Two recent failures illustrate the challenges inherent in these approaches: RCHOP + bevacizumab (targeting angiogenesis) and R-CHOP followed by enzastaurin (targeting protein kinase C-b). Ongoing randomized trials are evaluating R-CHOP + bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor targeting NFkB), R-CHOP + ibrutinib (Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting B-cell receptor signaling pathway), and R-CHOP + lenalidomide (immunomodulator with pleotropic effects) in specific GEP (or immunohistochemistry surrogates for GEP)-defined groups of patients. Finally, the majority of treatment failures in DLBCL appear to occur in patients with overexpression of c-MYC oncogene (often in combination with BCL-2 protein), which represents up to one third of patients when defined using immunohistochemistry. This unique subgroup occurs across cell-of-origin designations, and represents a substantial opportunity to improve outcome in DLBCL with the addition of novel therapeutics. This talk will review the considerable challenges in translating the exciting biology defined by GEP into the clinic for patients with DLBCL, provide an update on current and future trial designs, and conclude with a forward looking time to when GEP, or an accurate surrogate, is a component of the standard diagnostic algorithm to define optimal therapeutic approach to DLBCL. Disclosures Off Label Use: Novel agents for DLBCL.
Toluene-Induced Locomotor Activity is Blocked by 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesions of the Nucleus Accumbens and the mGluR2/3 Agonist LY379268

The abuse of volatile inhalants remains a prominent, yet poorly understood, form of substance abuse among youth. Nevertheless, the identification of a mechanism underlying the reinforcing properties of inhalants has been hampered by the lack of a clearly identifiable neural substrate upon which these chemicals act. One ingredient that is common to many abused inhalants is toluene, an organic solvent that is self-administered by nonhuman primates and rodents. Most drugs of abuse have been found to elicit forward locomotion in rats, an effect owing to the activation of mesoaccumbal dopamine (DA) pathways. Thus, the present study was undertaken using two different approaches to determine whether toluene-induced locomotor hyperactivity is also ultimately dependent upon DA neurotransmission in the mesolimbic nucleus accumbens (NAC). Here we report on the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the NAC or pretreatment with the metabotropic mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 on toluene-induced locomotor activity. Both procedures, which are known to alter neurotransmission within the NAC, significantly attenuated toluene's locomotor stimulatory effects. These results provide strong support for a central mechanism of action of inhalants, which in the past has been more typically attributed to general nonspecific mechanisms throughout the brain. Moreover, as with other drugs of abuse, the NAC may be the final common pathway subserving toluene's abuse liability.
O-011 Long term outcome in the repair of spinal cord perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae

Background and purpose The natural history of perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae (PMAVFs), also known as type IV spinal cord AV fistulae, is incompletely understood. Both open surgical and endovascular approaches have been described as treatment modalities for this disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long term outcome of patients with PMAVFs treated at a single tertiary care institution. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective study on 32 patients with PMAVFs, evaluated between 1983 and 2009. Data were gathered by reviewing outpatient clinic notes, operative and radiological reports, and spinal angiograms. The PMAVFs were categorized into one of three types based on the angiographic imaging criteria. Pretreatment and post-treatment ambulation and micturition symptoms were quantified using the Aminoff and Logue scale (ALS). Results 30 patients underwent corrective procedures, four by embolization alone, 11 by surgery alone and 15 patients received a combination of the two. 28 patients underwent follow-up spinal angiography, with residual shunting noted in six patients. Mean follow-up period was 54 months (range 1–228). Analysis of the ALS scores revealed that treatment of PMAVFs, independent of modality, resulted in significant improvement in ambulation, but inconsistent changes in micturition. In addition, residual fistula at the time of follow-up angiogram was associated with worsened neurologic status or lack of improvement. Outcome analysis based on fistula type showed dramatic improvement in ALS ambulation scores (62%) for type 3 fistulae compared with type 1 and 2 (26%, 27%, respectively). Conclusion Significant improvement in ambulation, but not micturition, was observed following treatment. Residual fistula on follow-up angiography was associated with progressive worsening or lack of improvement in neurologic function. Patients with type 3 fistulae were shown to benefit most from treatment, with marked improvement in post-treatment ambulation scores. As endovascular and surgical techniques continue to evolve, further studies are warranted.
Intelligence and Psychopathy Do Not Influence Malingering

This study examined the influence of psychopathy and intelligence on malingering in a simulated malingering design. We hypothesized that participants high in both traits would be more adept at evading detection on performance validity tests (PVTs). College students (N = 92) were first administered the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading, a reading measure that estimates intelligence, and the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Short Form under standard conditions. They were then asked to imagine as if they had suffered a concussion a year ago and were instructed to fake or exaggerate symptoms in a believable fashion to improve their settlement as part of a lawsuit. Participants were subsequently administered a brief neuropsychological battery that included the Word Memory Test, Rey 15-Item Test with Recognition, Finger-Tapping Test, and Digit Span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition. Moderated multiple regressions with hierarchical entry were conducted. Intelligence, psychopathy, and the i...
Visible light optical coherence tomography measure retinal oxygen metabolic response to systemic oxygenation(Conference Presentation)

The lack of capability to quantify oxygen metabolism noninvasively impedes both fundamental investigation and clinical diagnosis of a wide spectrum of diseases including all the major blinding diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Using visible light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), we demonstrated accurate and robust measurement of retinal oxygen metabolic rate (rMRO2) noninvasively in rat eyes. The rMRO2 was calculated by concurrent measurement of blood flow and blood oxygen saturation (sO2). Blood flow was calculated by the principle of Doppler optical coherence tomography, where the phase shift between two closely spaced A-lines measures the axial velocity. The distinct optical absorption spectra of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin provided the contrast for sO2 measurement, combined with the spectroscopic analysis of vis-OCT signal within the blood vessels. We continuously monitored the regulatory response of oxygen consumption to a progressive hypoxic challenge. We found that both oxygen delivery, and rMRO2 increased from the highly regulated retinal circulation (RC) under hypoxia, by 0.28±0.08 μL/min (p<0.001), and 0.20±0.04 μL/min (p<0.001) per 100 mmHg systemic pO2 reduction, respectively. The increased oxygen extraction compensated for the deficient oxygen supply from the poorly regulated choroidal circulation (CC).
26 PHASE I TRIAL OF DAILY IMATINIB MESYLATE AND WEEKLY PACLITAXEL IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED REFRACTORY SOLID TUMORS

Background By inhibiting PDGF-R, imatinib (Im) decreases the interstitial fluid pressure in tumors, increases cytotoxic drug uptake in preclinical studies, and thus may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. The combination of Im with P enhances P activity in SCID mice bearing tumor xenografts. Similarly, myelosupression from Im has prevented successful combination with gemcitabine and doxorubicin. In our initial phase I patient (pt) cohort with continuous Im, neutropenia was the main obstacle to dose escalation; thus, the amended protocol switched to a 4-day Im pulse q week. Methods A dose escalation phase I trial was initiated to study the pharmacokinetics (PK), toxicities, and maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of Im and P in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. See table. Non-heme dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as grade (gr) 3 or 4 toxicity. Heme DLT was defined as any gr 4 cytopenia. MTD = dose level at which 1/3 of evaluable patients have DLT. As of 6/1/04, 14 pts have enrolled. Pts received an average of 3 prior chemo regimens. Results 4/6 pts enrolled at DL1 developed a DLT with gr 3 neutropenia; accrual was stopped. 5 pts accrued to DL-1; only 1/5 developed a gr 3 neutropenia DLT. No non-heme DLTs were observed. Since dose escalation of Im was not feasible, the protocol was amended to give Im as a 4-d pulse q week (DL1A-5A) to avoid significant cytopenias. 3 pts have been treated on DL1A. There were no DLT or grade 2+ neutropenia. Accrual to the next dose levels is ongoing. Overall, the gr 3 toxicities were neutropenia (5/14 only in DL1 and DL-1) and fatigue (1/14 in DL-1). Gr 2 toxicities observed were anemia (5/14 pts), diarrhea (4/14), fatigue (4/14), allergic reaction to Taxol (4/14), neutropenia (2/14), and neuropathy (1/14). 12/14 patients completed 2 cycles (C) with 2 PR, 4 SD, and 6 PD. The 2 pts with PR (colon and esophageal cancers) were able to complete 6C, but later stopped due to PD or pt refusal. PK data indicate that P does not exert a substantial effect on Im. Conclusions Neutropenia is the main obstacle in combining daily Im with P. Pulse administration of Im with weekly P does not appear to cause significant neutropenia and should allow dose escalation while allowing significant clinical activity.
6. The Constitutional Approach to Money: Monetary Design and the Production of the Modern World

In the modern lexicon, money is pure instrumentality, a colorless medium that transparently expresses real value. Contrary to that trope, however, we can get “inside” money: we can reconnoiter it as a structure entailing value that is engineered by certain societies. Taking a “constitutional approach” to money reveals its internal design, the architecture that creates a commensurable unit of value, enables it to travel, and enforces it as the preeminent way to pay. Seeing money’s internal design opens up new worlds. We can compare the medieval and early American methods of making money and consider how those methods shaped their markets. More remarkable still, we can locate the radical change in money’s design that institutionalized capitalism. That phenomenon arrived when the English government installed the self-interest of commercial actors as the pump at the heart of money creation. The revolutionary redesign produced unprecedented liquidity - the powerful markets and troubling pathologies of modern finance. It also produced an odd and self-protective artifact - the trope that money itself was empty, devoid of design and unworthy of our eye.
CLINICAL TRIALS OF DOPAMINE RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY MODIFICATION

ABSTRACT We are studying a novel treatment approach to tardive dyskinesia (TD) involving an attempt to reduce the hypothesized dopamine receptor supersensitivity by temporarily increasing transmitter levels. The paradigm also has relevence to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and schizophrenia. We report observations of several studies in these conditions in which 1-dooa (up to 6 gm/day) was administered for up to 2 months. 1-Dopa induced exacerbation of symptoms was heterogenous and milder than was expected. Adaptation to the 1-dopa effects was also observed. Some positive post treatment effects were noted, especially for TD and GTS. Implications for the hypothesized hyperdopaminergic pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed.
Inside Revolutionary Parties: Coalition-Building and Maintenance in Reformist Bolivia

This article explores the coalitional success of mass-mobilizing, reformist parties once they achieve power. Why are some of these parties more successful than others at managing the potentially co...
Muir-Torre Syndrome

Sebaceous adenomas are benign adnexal tumors that have no malignant potential. They are of no clinical significance in isolation but may be indicators of internal malignancy when occurring as part of the Muir-Torre syndrome. Sebaceous adenomas grow as exophytic, yellowish papules and nodules. In most cases, these lesions are less than 1 cm in diameter (Rulon and Helwig. Cancer. 1974;33:82–102). While they may occur at any body site, they are most common on the face. They usually appear in middle age. Ulceration is not a common feature.
Debris flow runup on vertical barriers and adverse slopes

Runup of debris flows against obstacles in their paths is a complex process that involves profound flow deceleration and redirection. We investigate the dynamics and predictability of runup by comparing results from large-scale laboratory experiments, four simple analytical models, and a depth-integrated numerical model (D-Claw). The experiments and numerical simulations reveal the important influence of unsteady, multidimensional flow on runup, and the analytical models highlight key aspects of the underlying physics. Runup against a vertical barrier normal to the flow path is dominated by rapid development of a shock, or jump in flow height, associated with abrupt deceleration of the flow front. By contrast, runup on sloping obstacles is initially dominated by a smooth flux of mass and momentum from the flow body to the flow front, which precedes shock development and commonly increases the runup height. D-Claw simulations that account for the emergence of shocks show that predicted runup heights vary systematically with the adverse slope angle and also with the Froude number and degree of liquefaction (or effective basal friction) of incoming flows. They additionally clarify the strengths and limitations of simplified analytical models. Numerical simulations based on a priori knowledge of the evolving dynamics of incoming flows yield quite accurate runup predictions. Less predictive accuracy is attained in ab initio simulations that compute runup based solely on knowledge of static debris properties in a distant debris flow source area. Nevertheless, the paucity of inputs required in ab initio simulations enhances their prospective value in runup forecasting.
Light as a circadian stimulus for architectural lighting

Consideration is being given to the adoption of a new metric characterizing light as it affects the human circadian system. Much has been learned over the past couple of decades about light as a st...
Dominant-Negative Effect of NPM-RAR on NPM Mediated Regulation of p53.

We have been studying the variant Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) translocations with a view towards identifying common molecular pathways underlying APL. The t(5;17) variant of APL fuses the N-terminal 117 amino acids of nucleophosmin (NPM) with the C-terminal 402 amino acids of the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR). NPM plays a role in several important pathways within cells beyond its originally described function in the transport of ribonucleoproteins. It serves a chaperone function in transport of proteins such as p53, Tat, Rb, YY1, IRF-1, and Arf. NPM binds to and becomes a target of CDK2/cyclin E to play a role in regulation of centrosomal duplication. The importance of NPM in myeloid leukemias has been highlighted by the recent finding that mutation of the NPM C-terminus is the most common genetic event in non-APL acute myeloid leukemia. We have previously shown that the RAR portion of NPM-RAR acts as a dominant-negative towards wild-type RAR. We now investigate the hypothesis that NPM-RAR serves as a dominant negative for NPM and partially contributes to the leukemic phenotype through disruption of NPM-dependent cellular functions. We have focused our studies on the effects of NPM-RAR on p53. It has previously been shown that NPM directly binds to p53 to increase p53 stability and p53-dependent transcription. The p53-interaction domain maps to a region of NPM that is not contained in NPM-RAR. We hypothesized that NPM-RAR might bind directly with NPM, disrupt NPM association with p53, and thereby indirectly affect p53 activity. We first used pull-down assays of Maltose Binding Protein (MBP)-NPM or MBP-NPM-RAR fusions incubated with 35S-NPM to determine that the N-terminal domain of NPM-RAR is sufficient to interact with NPM. To investigate whether NPM-RAR alters NPM interaction with p53, we transfected COS cells with expression vectors encoding NPM, p53 and either NPM-RAR or control plasmid (pBluescript). Complexes were precipitated with an anti-NPM antibody (that recognizes epitopes not contained in NPM-RAR) and immunoblotted with an anti-p53 antibody. We found a decrease in the p53 signal captured by NPM in the lysate expressing NPM-RAR, compared to the control lysate. To further investigate the effects of NPM-RAR on p53, we made use of a transcriptional assay utilizing a reporter gene under control of a p53 response element. We co-transfected COS cells with a mix containing NPM-RAR, p53, and NPM expression plasmids, along with a p53-luciferase reporter (containing a 20 base pair p53 response element derived from the p21 promoter), and a s-gal transfection control plasmid, or a similar mix in which NPM-RAR was replaced by an equivalent amount of carrier DNA (pBluescript). We found that the co-expression of NPM-RAR led to a decrease in the luciferase activity. These results support our hypothesis that NPM-RAR binding to NPM interferes with NPM’s ability to regulate p53.
Cancer epigenetics: Reading the future of leukaemia

The identification of the regulatory protein ENL as essential to an aggressive form of leukaemia provides insight into transcriptional regulation and highlights potential avenues for therapy. See Letters p.265 & p.270 Cancer cells often exploit transcription machinery and chromatin regulatory pathways to activate oncogenic gene expression programs. Chromatin regulatory mechanisms such as the recognition of modified histones by 'reader' proteins are therefore being explored as potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Here, Xiaobing Shi and colleagues show that ENL is a chromatin reader protein that regulates oncogenic programs in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It binds via its YEATS domain to acetylated histones on the promoters of actively transcribed genes and links to the transcriptional machinery. Depletion of ENL leads to anti-leukaemic effects, indicating that disrupting the interaction between the ENL YEATS domain and acetylated histones could be a potential therapeutic approach for AML, either alone or in combination with BET inhibitors. A related paper in this week's issue of Nature from James Bradner and colleagues provides further insights into the role of ENL in leukaemia. Recurrent chromosomal translocations involving the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene give rise to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Here, James Bradner and colleagues perform a genome-scale loss-of-function screen using CRISPR–Cas9 technology in MLL-AF4 AML cells. They find that the ENL gene is critical for cell proliferation and use a chemical genetic strategy of targeted protein degradation to show that loss of ENL suppresses transcriptional activation as well as leukaemic growth. ENL-dependent leukaemic growth depends on its YEATS chromatin reader domain, indicating that competitive antagonists of the YEATS domain could be potential therapeutics for AML. A related paper in this week's issue of Nature from Xiaobing Shi and colleagues provides insights into the function of the ENL YEATS domain in recognizing acetylated histones.
Clinical Spectrum Of Solitary Rectal Ulcer In Children Presenting With Per-Rectal Bleed.

Background: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign and chronic disorder well known in young adults and less common in children. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical spectrum of solitary rectal ulcer in children with bleeding per rectum. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology& Nutrition; The Children’s Hospital T colonoscopy and histopathology findings were recorded. Data was analysed using SPSS-20. Results: Out of a total of 187 children with bleeding per rectum, 21 (11.23%) were diagnosed with solitary rectal ulcer. Males were 15 (71.43%) and females were 6 (28.57%) with age range 8–12 years. Mucus in stool 14 (66.7%), constipation 12 (57.1%) and tenesmus 10 (47.6%) were the most common clinical presentations. Colonoscopic finding are solitary erythmatous ulcerative lesion was seen in 8 (38.09%) children, multiple ulcerative lesions in colon 6(28.57%), multiple ulcerative lesions in rectum 5 (23.81%), polypoidal growth in colon and hyperaemic rectal mucosa in 1 (4.76%) each. Histopathological findings were consistent with SRUS in all the cases. Conclusion: The frequency of SRUS was high (19.6%) in patients with per-rectal bleed. Mucus in stool, constipation and tenesmus were the most common clinical presentations. Colonoscopic and histopathological findings were helpful in the confirmation of the underlying aetiology. Keywords: Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome; Bleeding per Rectum; Constipation; Tenesmus
Heat Transfer and Thermal Dosimetry

AbstractThe heat transfer mechanisms which lead to the development of the bioheat equation are reviewed. Thermal modeling and analytical judgements which must be made in applying the equation are noted. Temperature profiles-which result from solution of the equation using a simple spherical model are considered with particular emphasis on the influence of thermal conductivity and perfusion. Thermal conductivity values of a number of both normal and tumor tissues are discussed. The importance of adequate macroscopic thermal dosimetry to the evaluation of the ultimate promise of hyperthermia is observed. Experience in the quantification of temperature, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and perfusion from a single minimally invasive measurement in small volumes of tissue using the thermal diffusion probe is presented.
SPirituality and dialogue

This article serves as an introduction to this symposium on spirituality and Dialogue. The purpose of the symposium is to explore if spirituality and dialogue have a place in public administration. A brief description of the six articles in the symposium is given. Finally, this introduction presents various complementary themes that the reader can find in the symposium as a whole. In brief, this introduction argues that the twenty-first century will be noted for its decentralization that is prompted by the information age. These phenomena will require a much higher ethical level in public administration than has existed in the past. The current approaches to bureaucracy, religiosity, modernism, and postmodernism are dysfunctional to that need. In contrast, spirituality and dialogue are functional to lifting public administration to a higher ethical plateau. A one-day discussion between members of the American Society for Public Administration and the Global Dialogue Institute held in May 1997 in Philadelphia prompted this symposium and a later symposium that will appear in this journal. The purpose of that This article serves as an introduction to this symposium on spirituality and Dialogue. The purpose of the symposium is to explore if spirituality and dialogue have a place in public administration. A brief description of the six articles in the symposium is given. Finally, this introduction presents various complementary themes that the reader can find in the symposium as a whole. In brief, this introduction argues that the twenty-first century will be noted for its decentralization that is prompted by the information age. These phenomena will require a much higher ethical level in public administration than has existed in the past. The current approaches to bureaucracy, religiosity, modernism, and postmodernism are dysfunctional to that need. In contrast, spirituality and dialogue are functional to lifting public administration to a higher ethical plateau. A one-day discussion between members of the American Society for Public Administration and the Global Dialogue Institute held in May 1997 in Philadelphia prompted this symposium and a later symposium that will appear in this journal. The purpose of that meeting was to explore the viability of spirituality and dialogue to the field of public administration. Although interrelated, this symposium primarily deals with the topic of spirituality and a subsequent symposium shall deal primarily with dialogue. Both topics have extreme importance to the development of public adminis-tration as it moves into the twenty-first century. This introduction to the symposium shall proceed by first discussing the symposium in general, then provide a quick overview of each article, and end with some concluding observations that should help the readers as they proceed with the symposium.
Ethical Aerobics: Preparing Engineers for the Global Workplace

Inadequate ethical conditioning can undermine the credibility of individuals and institutions. Fortunately, the professional staff of the Hanson Center for Technical Communication have devised a series of innovative workouts for the ethically winded. These workouts, consisting of writing–intensive exercises integrated into department-level and core curriculum courses at The University of Iowa’s College of Engineering, challenge students to revitalize lazy arguments, pursue accuracy to the point of exhaustion, and recognize that there are few (if any) merely technical decisions. In addition, we encourage students to visit the Hanson Center for one-on-one sessions with our peer consultants: fellow students who serve as role models for tackling the rhetorical challenges of engineering. Although the regimen of activities at the Hanson Center defies simple categorization, the Center’s ethic of “no pain, no gain” means simply that there are no short cuts to good writing or public speaking, and that the process of drafting, obtaining feedback, and revising is part of an overall exercise in ethical behavior that enables engineers to balance their responsibility to themselves, their profession, and the world. Background Mission Now in its 14th year of service, the Hanson Center is an endowed writing program within the College of Engineering. Centrally located in the College’s Student Commons, the Center is the scene for hundreds of one-on-one and team tutorial sessions each year (1201 in AY 2013-14). This level of traffic suggests that the Center is an ideal forum for modeling the practice of technical communication—particularly when students and tutors share the same disciplinespecific interests and aspirations. The Hanson Center supports, creates, and delivers writing-intensive assignments across the engineering curriculum. Working closely with faculty, the Center provides verbal feedback and written evaluations to hundreds of engineering students each semester. Our goal as a writing center is to train students to not only purge their writing of vagueness and hyperbole but to consider “the global” import of their communications. Have they addressed the key questions they were tasked to answer? Have they considered the needs and expectations of their audience? And above all, have they behaved ethically as writers? In the quest for good grades, it is easy for students to forget that the field of engineering holds its members to the highest standards of excellence. Given this reality, the Hanson Center devotes the majority of its time training students to display and interpret data, to view problems from multiple perspectives, to make clear and unbiased recommendations, and to give credit where credit is due.
The Maintenance of Whiteness in Urban Education: Explorations of Rhetoric and Reality.

Told from the perspective of two early career professors teaching courses in elementary education diversity, this study uses purposive sampling and qualitative methodologies to examine how white st...
Going mobile: enhanced recovery from myocardial infarction via stem cell mobilization and homing for tissue repair.

“I'm goin' home And when I wanna go home I'm goin' mobile Well, I'm gonna find a home And we'll see how it feels Goin' mobile Keep me movin'” —Pete Townshend, The Who, 1971 [(1)][1] Although mortality following myocardial infarction (MI) has decreased significantly over the past
Alcohol and General Anesthetic Modulation of Gabaa and Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

A number of studies have been performed during the past ten years or so in an attempt to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of alcohols and general anesthetics. One of the many questions asked is which receptor(s) and channel(s) is (are) the important target sites of alcohols. The history of the study of alcohol-channel interactions goes back to 1964 when Armstrong and Binstock (1964) and Moore et al. (1964) found that ethanol and higher alcohols suppressed both sodium and potassium currents in squid giant axons. The potency of ethanol was very low, and at 650 mM and 1300 mM it suppressed the sodium current only by 18% and 41%, respectively (Moore et al., 1964). The general anesthetic halothane is also known to inhibit sodium and potassium currents in squid giant axons only at concentrations much higher than those that cause clinical anesthesia (Franks and Lieb, 1994).
Aging and the Regulation of Hormones: A View in October 1974

The last ten years of research have shown a number of significant changes in hormonal regulation during aging. For example, there is virtually complete halt of estrogen production by the ovary after menopause (1); in contrast, such a change does not occur in males (2, 3; and Table 1). The adrenal cortex In men shows substantial decreases in the production of Cortisol (4) and pregnanediol (5). Specific age-related changes of cell activities have recently been associated with altered levels of hormones, such as the atrophy of the vaginal and uterine epithelium in humans (6) and rodents (7) after reproductive senescence. Changes in liver enzyme regulation observed in aging rodents by this author (8), by Adelman (9), and others (10) may also be attributed to altered hormone regulation. Because of the well established effect of steroid hormones (11), T3 (12), and pituitary hormones (13) on cell nuclei, many other changes of cell activities during aging are, doubtlessly, consequences of changes in hormones.
CECOM’s Approach for Developing Definitions for Software Size and Software Personnel — Two Important Software Economic Metrics

This paper addresses a study by U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM) into aspects of two management metrics with great impact on software economics — software size and software personnel. The common denominator between them being software productivity.
Geometric Data Analysis Across Scales via Laplacian Eigenvector Cascading

We develop here an algorithmic framework for constructing consistent multiscale Laplacian eigenfunctions (vectors) on data. Consequently, we address the unsupervised machine learning task of finding scalar functions capturing consistent structure across scales in data, in a way that encodes intrinsic geometric and topological features. This is accomplished by two algorithms for eigenvector cascading. We show via examples that cascading accelerates the computation of graph Laplacian eigenvectors, and more importantly, that one obtains consistent bases of the associated eigenspaces across scales. Finally, we present an application to TDA mapper, showing that our multiscale Laplacian eigenvectors identify stable flair-like structures in mapper graphs of varying granularity.
Use of Computerized Provider Order Entry Events for Postoperative Complication Surveillance.

Importance Conventional approaches for tracking postoperative adverse events requires manual medical record review, thus limiting the scalability of such efforts. Objective To determine if a surveillance system using computerized provider order entry (CPOE) events for selected medications as well as laboratory, microbiologic, and radiologic orders can decrease the manual medical record review burden for surveillance of postoperative complications. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study reviewed the medical records of 21 775 patients who underwent surgical procedures at a university-based tertiary referral center (University of Utah, Salt Lake City) from July 1, 2007, to August 31, 2017. Patients were included if their case was selected for review by a surgical clinical reviewer as part of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Patients were excluded if they had incomplete follow-up data. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day postoperative occurrences of superficial surgical site infection, deep surgical site infection, organ space surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, sepsis, septic shock, deep vein thrombosis requiring therapy, and pulmonary embolism, as defined by the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. A logistic regression model was developed for each postoperative complication using CPOE features as predictors on a development set, and performance was measured on a holdout internal validation set. The models were internally validated using bootstrapping with 10 000 replications to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CPOE-based surveillance system. Results The study included 21 775 patients who underwent surgical procedures. Among these patients, 11 855 (54.4%) were women and 9920 (45.6%) were men, with a mean (SD) age of 51.7 (16.8) years. Overall, the prevalence of postoperative complications was low, ranging from 0.2% (pulmonary embolism) to 2.6% (superficial surgical site infection). Use of CPOE events to detect patients who experienced at least 1 complication had a sensitivity of 74.8% (95% CI, 71.1%-78.4%), specificity of 86.8% (95% CI, 85.5%-88.3%), positive predictive value of 33.8% (95% CI, 31.2%-36.4%), negative predictive value of 97.5% (95% CI, 97.1%-97.8%), and area under the curve of 0.808 (95% CI, 0.791-0.824). The negative predictive value for individual complications ranged from 98.7% to 100%. Use of CPOE events to screen for adverse events was estimated to diminish the burden of manual medical record review by 55.4% to 90.3%. A CPOE-based surveillance system performed well for both inpatient and outpatient procedures. Conclusions and Relevance A CPOE-based surveillance of postoperative complications has high negative predictive value, which demonstrates that this approach can augment the currently used, resource-intensive manual medical record review process.