cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C5-amino acid functionalized LNA: positively poised for antisense applications.

Incorporation of positively charged C5-amino acid functionalized LNA uridines into oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ONs) results in extraordinary RNA affinity, binding specificity and stability towards 3′-exonucleases.
Analysis of Mammosomatotropic Cells in Normal and Neoplastic Human Pituitary Tissues by the Reverse Hemolytic Plaque Assay and Immunocytochemistry

The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to study hormone release from cultured normal and neoplastic human pituitary cells. The RHPA revealed a lower percentage of GH- and PRL-producing cells in normal and neoplastic pituitaries compared to the percentage of these cells revealed by immunocytochemical (ICC) staining for GH and PRL. Normal pituitary tissues as well as some PRL- or GHproducing adenomas contained large numbers of mammosomatotropic (MS) cells when analyzed by RHPA, combined RHPAICC, and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry with immunogold labeling. The percentage of GH and PRL cells in normal pituitaries ranged from 37–51% and 30–60%, respectively, by RHPA, while the percentage of MS cells ranged from 29–49%. The percentage of GH and PRL cells in normal pituitaries estimated by ICC ranged from 53–65% and 32–55%, respectively, while the percentage of MS cells estimated with this technique ranged from 26–50%. Double labeling with the immunogold technique detected GH and PRL in the sam...
An integrated approach to boundary finding in medical images

A key issue in biomedical image analysis is to accurately segment and quantify structures. Gradient based boundary finding and region based segmentation, the two conventional methods of image segmentation often suffer from a variety of limitations. Here the authors propose a method which endeavors to integrate the two approaches in an effort to form a unified approach that is robust to noise and poor initialization. The authors' approach uses Green's theorem to derive the boundary of a homogeneous region-classified area in the image and integrates this with a grey-level-gradient-based boundary finder. This combines the perceptual notions of edge/shape information with gray level homogeneity. A number of experiments were performed both on synthetic and real medical images of the brain and heart to evaluate the new approach and it is shown that the integrated method typically performs better than conventional gradient based boundary finding. >
Throughput and efficiency of a mass spectrometry-based screening assay for protein—Ligand binding detection

An H/D exchange- and MALDI mass spectrometry-based screening assay was applied to search for novel ligands that bind to cyclophilin A, a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target in lung cancer. The assay is based on stability of unpurified proteins from rates of H/D exchange (SUPREX), which exploits the H/D exchange properties of amide protons to measure the increase in a protein's thermodynamic stability upon ligand binding in solution. The current study evaluates the throughput and efficiency with which 880 potential ligands from the Prestwick Chemical Library (Illkirch, France) could be screened for binding to cyclophilin A. Screening was performed at a rate of 3 min/ligand using a conventional MALDI mass spectrometer. False positive and false negative rates, based on a set of control data, were as low as 0% and 9%, respectively. Based on the 880-member library screening, a false positive rate of 0% was observed when a two-tier selection strategy was implemented. Although novel ligands for cyclophilin A were not discovered, cyclosporin A, a known ligand to CypA and a blind control in the library, was identified as a hit. We also describe a new strategy to eliminate some of the complications related to back exchange that can arise in screening applications of SUPREX.
A Randomized Trial to Measure the Impact of a Community-Based Cognitive Training Intervention on Balance and Gait in Cognitively Intact Black Older Adults

Introduction. Fall prevention is important for maintaining mobility and independence into old age. Approaches for reducing falls include exercise, tai chi, and home modifications; however, causes of falling are multifactorial and include not just physical but cognitive factors. Cognitive decline occurs with age, but older adults with the greatest declines in executive function experience more falls. The purpose of this study was twofold: to demonstrate the feasibility of a community-based cognitive training program for cognitively intact Black older adults and to analyze its impact on gait and balance in this population. Method. This pilot study used a pretest/posttest randomized trial design with assignment to an intervention or control group. Participants assigned to the intervention completed a computer-based cognitive training class that met 2 days a week for 60 min over 10 weeks. Classes were held at senior/community centers. Primary outcomes included balance as measured by the Berg Balance Scale (BB...
Do pediatric intensivists and radiologists concur on the interpretation of chest radiographs

Background: Therapeutic decisions in the pediatric intensive care unit are made by pediatric intensivists (PI) based on their interpretation of chest radiographs before the formal interpretation by a pediatric radiologist (PR). This study was designed to determine the adequacy of chest radiograph interpretations by pediatric intensivists and the effects on patient care. The PI recorded their chest radiograph interpretations, documenting support devices and thoracic abnormalities. Concordance and discordance were determined by the pediatric pulmonologist who was not involved in the care of the patient by comparing the interpretations of the PI and PR. Clinically significant discordance was defined as interpretations by the radiologist that differed to those from the PI that may have required therapeutic intervention. Results: The evaluation of 291 chest radiographs demonstrated an overall concordance rate of 82.5% (240 out of 291; P 0.05). Support devices were correctly identified in 100% of the cases. Discordant interpretations included 20 that were clinically significant, 17 insignificant findings and 14 films over-interpreted by the PI. A chart review of the patients with discordant findings revealed only one finding that required an alteration in therapy. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate significant agreement between the interpretation of chest radiographs by PI and PR in selected clinical situations. These data support the current practice of the PI making therapeutic decisions based on their interpretations of chest radiographs.
Solder bumping methods for flip chip packaging

A survey of the flip chip industry was undertaken to investigate the various solder bumping technologies reported in the literature. The methods are classified into four main deposition categories: vapor phase, liquid phase, solid phase, and electrochemical. Theoretical and empirical evaluations of these techniques, based on work at MCNC and Unitive Electronics Inc., are provided.
Can the premises of the spasm of resistance vessel concept permit improvement in the treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease

Abstract In this communication, the spasm of resistance vessel (S-RV) concept of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and other ischemic will be reviewed and updated, and evidence will be presented that principles of the hypothesis might improve the treatment and prevention of IHD. The S-RV concept provides a different basic pathogenetic framework for IHD, and suggestions for treatment and prevention stem from its different basic conceptualization of this disorder. The concept asserts that S-RV directly induces symptoms in IHD, and this position challenges the accepted pathogenetic mechanism for this disorder, i.e., that symptoms in IHD are due directly to obstructive occlusions of epicardial arteries secondary to coronary artery disease. The S-RV concept avers that ischemia-induced S-RV is a major factor in IHD, and evidence supporting this position is provided. Another major position of the hypothesis is that no-reflow (reduced flow after infarction and severe myocardial ischemia in the absence of infarction) is due to ischemic injury-induced S-RV, and a variety of evidences to support this position are offered. Proposed improvement in the treatment of IHD is based mainly on treating ischemia-induced S-RV. α-Adrenergic sympathetic blockade reverses ischemia-induced S-RV, and α-adrenergic blockade is suggested as therapy for acute coronary syndromes and to prevent complications of percutaneous coronary interventions. Also, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, which has actions similar to α-adrenergic blockade, is also suggested. Proposals for the prevention of IHD are based the prevention of S-RV, and special emphasis is given to preventing exercise- and stress-related IHD.
A Cognitive-Expectancy Analysis of Compliance Decisions

This paper examines the relationship between organizational directives and managerial decision making. Specifically, a variety of issues surrounding compliance/noncompliance with organizational directives are examined. Directives are seen as formal reflections of the intentions and past learning of the firm. An expectancy-based model is developed to explain conditions of compliance with directives vs. the decision-maker's search for an initiative solution. A number of implications of this analysis are presented and discussed for both theory and practice in organizational decision making.
Adolescent Contraception: Review and Guidance for Pediatric Clinicians

The objectives of this article are to review current contraceptive methods available to adolescents and to provide information, guidance, and encouragement to pediatric clinicians to enable them to engage in informed up-to-date interactions with their sexually active adolescent patients. Pregnancy prevention is a complex and dynamic process, and young people benefit from having a reliable authoritative source for information, counseling, and support. Clinicians who provide services for adolescents have a responsibility to develop their skills and knowledge base so that they can serve as that source. This review begins with a discussion about adolescent sexuality and pregnancy in the context of the adolescent developmental stages. We discuss approaches to introduce the topic of contraception during the clinic visit and contraceptive counseling techniques to assist with the discussion around this topic. In addition, information is included regarding confidential services, support of parental involvement, and the importance of male involvement in contraception. The specific contraceptive methods are reviewed in detail with the adolescent patient in mind. For each method, we discuss the mechanism of action, efficacy, contraindications, benefits and risks from the medical perspective, advantages and disadvantages from the patient's perspective, side effects, patient adherence, patient counseling, and any medication interactions. Furthermore, we have included a section that focuses on the contraceptive management for the adolescent patient with a disability and/or chronic illness. The article concludes with an approach to frequently asked or difficult questions. This section largely summarizes subsections on specific contraceptive methods and can be used as a quick reference on particularly challenging topics. Finally, a list of useful contraceptive management resources is provided for both clinicians and patients.
COLOR, POLYPHENOLOXIDASE, AND SENSORY CHANGES IN BANANA JUICE AS AFFECTED BY HEAT AND ULTRAFILTRATION

A study was conducted to determine the effects of banana maturity (less mature; maturity stage 3, more mature; maturity stage 7), heat treatment of banana puree, heat pasteurization of juice, and ultrafiltration (UF) of juice on color, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity, and flavor of puree and juice. Heating puree to 90C inactivated PPO and reduced browning in puree and juice, especially in puree from more mature bananas which had greater PPO activity. PPO activity decreased considerably during cold-setting and filtration of juice, and was not detectable in unheated, pad-filtered juice from less mature bananas. UF of juice through a 10,000 mwco membrance, but not a 30,000, removed all PPO activity and reduced juice browning. Pasteurization of juice (hot fill at 90C) increased browning, but not as much as PPO activity in the puree. Pasteurization had no effect on juice flavor if the puree had been heated to 90C previously as puree, but altered the flavor (i. e., more cooked banana flavor) of juice that had not been previously heated to 90C. Pasteurized juice that had not been heated to 90C as puree had similar flavor (no significant difference) as pasteurized juice that had been heated to 90C as puree.
A Portable Digital Sounding System for Arctic Use

This paper describes a light-weight digital echo sounder for water depth determination through ice.
Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system germ-cell tumours

Primary germ-cell tumors of the central nervous system are rare neoplasms that are seen primarily in the pediatric age group. Because of their frequent location in the pituitary and suprasellar regions, they present with typical neuro-ophthalmologic and neuroendocrine symptoms. Sophisticated imaging and surgical biopsy allow precise anatomic definition, but only allow an approximate guess of the tumor histopathology. Tumor markers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid are extremely helpful in the diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatment when they are detectable. Because of the deleterious effects of irradiation on neurocognitive and neuroendocrine functioning, we have looked at strategies that either reduce or eliminate radiation exposure. Large, randomized, prospective, cooperative trials in the future will be the only way to identify subgroups of patients that may benefit from particular treatment strategies.
Population-based study provides a step towards evidence-based management of thyroid nodules detected on ultrasound

Commentary on: Smith-Bindman R, Lebda P, Feldstein VA, et al. Risk of thyroid cancer based on thyroid ultrasound imaging characteristics: results of a population-based study. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:1788–96.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] The decision of whether to recommend workup of thyroid nodules is a difficult one. Conflicting guidelines result in highly variable practices.1 ,2 Some argue that thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) carries minimal risk and provides definitive pathology results; however, benign thyroid nodules are common and an increasing number of thyroid biopsies in the USA result in a costly problem for the healthcare system.3 Furthermore, for one-third of patients’ workup does not end with FNA; cytology results can lead to repeat biopsies and even diagnostic lobectomy.4 Finally, there is an alarming rise in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%2BIntern%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D173%26rft.spage%253D1788%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjamainternmed.2013.9245%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23978950%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.9245&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23978950&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F3%2F109.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000330584900008&link_type=ISI
Earth Albedo Measurements from Earthshine Observations: Past, Present and Future

The earthshine is the ghostly glow on the dark side of the Moon caused by the reflection of sunlight on the dayside Earth toward the Moon, and back to the nighttime observer. Photometric observations of the earthshine have been carried out continuously from Big Bear Solar observatory since 1998, with some sporadic data available during 1994 and 1995. These data have been used to measure the Earth’s large-scale reflectance, or albedo. Traditionally the earth's reflectance has been assumed to be roughly constant, but large decadal variability, not reproduced by current climate models, has been reported lately from a variety of sources, including the earthshine data.
Guiding optimal therapy with the use of disease activity and functional instruments : Lessons from the clinical laboratory

Proper assessment and aggressive treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the key to improved longterm outcomes. The most important diagnostic and monitoring principles for RA include the assessment of inflammation, disease activity, collateral damage from comorbid diseases, and the improvement of patient function and quality of life. A number of different assessment tools are available for physicians to use during routine examination of patients with RA; these instruments will be detailed with suggestions based on proceedings from a satellite symposium at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2006 Annual Meeting. Audience Response System questions and answers for this topic, which may help other clinicians decide which assessment tools to use in their practices, are included.
Abstract A01: ER stress disrupts circadian rhythms via miR-211

The Endoplasmic Reticulum, ER, senses both intracellular and extracellular stimuli that perturb the folding and maturation of secretory proteins that transit the ER. In the context of neoplastic growth, oncogenes such as c-Myc, H-Ras and BRAF trigger ER stress and activate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), a cell adaptive signaling pathway composed of three primary signal transducers, PERK, IRE-1 and ATF6. Bmal1 and Clock form a core heterodimeric transcription complex regulates both central and peripheral circadian rhythms. There are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that deregulation of circadian rhythms contribute to neoplastic cell growth, altered cellular metabolism and tumorigenesis. Analogously, UPR signaling contributes to tumor cell survival and tumor growth under conditions of micro-environmental and metabolic stress. However, whether UPR interactively regulates stress with the circadian clock is largely unknown. Herein, we describe the molecular mechanisms whereby UPR signaling integrates with the circadian clock. We provide evidence that ER stress-dependent activation of PERK alters circadian oscillations via micro-RNA 211-dependent suppression of BMAL1 and Clock. We provide evidence that the mechanism of regulation of BMAL1 versus clock is distinct, reflecting novel ability of miR-211 to function in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. We provide additional support for this model through using a mouse model to interrogate the role of PERK signaling in a liver specific response to ER stress. With regard to the impact of PERK signaling and circadian clock disruption in cancer, we assessed PERK-miR-211 signaling in c-Myc and MLL-AF9 driven malignancy. Here, expression of either c-Myc or MLL-AF9 expression was directly associated with activation of PERK-miR-211 and loss of both BMAL1 and Clock expression. We also found that Myc driven human Burkitt9s lymphoma has PERK hyperactivation, higher miR-211 expression, and loss of circadian oscillations. As the Bmal1 promoter is hypermethylated in multiple lymphoma cancer cell lines, we hypothesize that this is likely to reflect the action of nuclear miR-211. Consistently, anti-miR211 partially released Bmal1 repression and Inhibition PERK or suppression miR-211 rescued circadian rhythms in lymphoma cells thereby affecting their survival and proliferation. Our data suggested a model where ER stress disrupts peripheral circadian rhythms via PERK-miR211-Bmal1/Clock pathway. Targeting activated ER stress or abnormal miR-211 expression to rescue circadian rhythms could be a new potential therapy for Myc- (perhaps also other oncogenes) driven hematological malignancy. Citation Format: Yiwen Bu, John Alan Diehl. ER stress disrupts circadian rhythms via miR-211. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A01.
Social media and crisis research

Social media platforms may be advantageous to those conducting research on communicative responses to crises and disasters, as they allow for the examination of public responses as cataclysmic events unfold. These technologies are also useful for reaching those affected by disasters in a manner not feasible with traditional methods of empirical inquiry. The current essay discusses recent advances in the use of social media for recruiting participants, collecting data, and evaluating audience needs and expectations. This literature is discussed in the context of its implications for scholars, social media managers, and emergency practitioners. We discuss the difficulties associated with crisis research using social media.Sampling, experiments and the value of collected data are discussed.The relevance and future use of social media in crisis research are examined.
Ventricular Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD) represent the most common congenital heart malformation which comprises approximately 20 % of inborn heart defects. Size and location are distinguishing factors which are determined by the auscultative quality of the murmurs as well as key physical exam findings. Other diagnostic modalities which supplement physical exam findings include: EKG, chest X-ray, and echocardiography. Once the septal severity is determined, the prognosis of the patient can be properly gauged and the required therapeutic approach may be implemented. This chapter outlines the etiology, key auscultation features, diagnostic testing, management, and prognosis of VSDs.
18F-FDG PET/CT and Musculoskeletal findings: Pearls and Pitfalls

1899 Learning Objectives 1. Describe various causes of normal and abnormal FDG activity within the bones and soft tissues. 2. Identify key imaging features that differentiate physiological uptake from pathological activity within the musculoskeletal system. 3. Discuss findings that help classify pathological processes as malignant/aggressive versus benign/nonaggressive. Advanced imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays an important role in the staging and management of oncological patients. The combination of anatomic and metabolic information has led to the precise localization of pathology. However, interpreting physicians often encounter unique challenges while interpreting PET/CT, particularly with bone and soft tissue findings. Activity within the bone and soft tissues can be broadly categorized into technical errors (artifacts), physiological activity and pathological activity. Pathologic processes then need to be further explained as either malignant/aggressive (e.g. metastasis, infection) or benign/nonaggressive (e.g. muscle tear, stress fracture) in order for a patient to be properly treated. We will review the imaging findings of conditions in each of these categories including the following cases: osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, discitis, diabetic foot, prosthetic joint infection versus hardware loosening, post-operative collection/abscess, neurogenic tumor, fibrous dysplasia, nodular fasciitis, hematopoietic tumors with bone marrow involvement, sacral stress fractures, sternomanubrial arthritis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, muscle tears and inflammation, tendinosis ,and various soft tissue sarcomas. Hybrid imaging with PET/CT overcomes individual limitations of morphological and functional imaging procedures but poses unique challenges. Familiarity with the imaging appearance of common bone and soft tissue lesions with knowledge of when to recommend additional workup will help interpret whole-body PET/CT with ease. Research Support None
Better science policy

An ambitious programme to improve science policy decision-making is 10 years old. Robert P Crease investigates.
Energy Utilization and Oxidative Recovery Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle1

Publisher Summary This chapter describes energy utilization and oxidative recovery metabolism in skeletal muscle. The need for more strictly quantitative data both on the oxygen uptake and on the mechanical output led to the use of naturally and artificially perfused muscles in situ with measurements of the arteriovenous differences of oxygen and CO 2 . In free-loaded contractions, small loads stretch the resting muscle quite considerably, and as a result, the amount of shortening achieved actually increases rapidly when the load is increased over to attain the body length. The three processes of distribution of energy utilization are distinguishable, namely, shortening, activation, and the performance of work. When a muscle is stretched in an attempt to contract, the work term of force times distance is negative. Intense bands disappear upon treatment with oxidizing agents but reappear after the addition of a reducing compound. An increase in number of stimuli per unit time instead of being inefficient improves the economy by improving the degree of locking. The relation between after-load and recovery metabolism after twitches and short tetani could be analyzed in terms of the time integral of tension plus the time integral of shortening plus the total work, after the functions are properly scaled
Therapy with Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin®) in Patients with Previously Untreated and Relapsed Low Grade Follicular Lymphoma: The Mayo Clinic Florida Experience, 2000-2016

Introduction: Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin¨) is a radioimmunoconjugate agent that targets CD20-expressing B cell lymphomas. Currently, it is the only radioimmunoconjugate agent available on the market and is FDA approved for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL). A retrospective study of patients with low grade FL (WHO grade 1 and 2) treated with ibritumomab tiuxetan at Mayo Clinic Florida from 2000 to 2016 was performed. Methods: The patient population consisted of previously untreated as well as relapsed low grade FL. We evaluated patient characteristics, response rate, duration of response, progression free survival, overall survival and time to next treatment. Previously untreated patients were treated with ibritumomab tiuxetan due to ineligibility for standard chemotherapy and prolonged immunotherapy, or their preference. Comparison between previously untreated FL patients treated with ibritumomab tiuxetan as the first line of treatment versus patients with relapsed FL treated with ibritumomab tiuxetan as second, third or fourth line therapy was made. Results: Low grade FL patients (n=41) that received ibritumomab tiuxetan were identified; 13 patients (32%) with previously untreated FL and 28 patients (68%) with relapsed FL. The data on response to treatment is presented in Table 1. Ibritumomab tiuxetan use in previously untreated FL was associated with more complete responses than in the relapse setting (92% vs 50% at 6 months, p=0.036). Previously untreated FL patients that received ibritumomab tiuxetan as first line therapy had better progression free survival (80% vs 35% at 3 years). Ibritumomab tiuxetan use in relapsed FL was associated with significant shorter time to relapse compared to previously untreated FL (median 1.3 years vs 4.8 years, p=0.017, figure 1) and shorter time to next treatment (65% at 4 years compared to 0% in previously untreated, p=0.007). 15% of newly diagnosed FL treated with ibritumomab tiuxetan relapsed compared to 64% of relapsed FL patient. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. The incidence of grades 3-4 neutropenia (Absolute Neutrophil Count Conclusions: Ibritumomab tiuxetan as first line treatment in previously untreated FL patients at our institution was associated with improved response rate, better progression free survival and shorter time to next treatment when compared to its use in relapsed FL. Ibritumomab tiuxetan has significant therapeutic efficacy for both previously untreated as well as relapsed low grade FL. It was well tolerated without significant treatment-related morbidity or mortality. Moreover, treatment schedule was very convenient for the patients. Our results suggest that treatment with ibritumomab tiuxetan is an effective option for those previously untreated low grade FL patients who cannot take standard chemoimmunotherapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Exploration of the MUC5B promoter variant and ILD risk in patients with autoimmune myositis.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is common in patients with autoimmune myositis but factors that determine susceptibility are unknown. Familial and sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are strongly associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of MUC5B (rs35705950). We sought to determine the relationship between MUC5B polymorphism expression and myositis-ILD. The MUC5B minor allele frequency (MAF) was examined in 402 European American participants; 60 with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), 208 with myositis-ILD, and 134 unaffected controls. The MUC5B minor allele frequency was 26%, 8%, and 7% in those with non-myositis ILD, myositis-ILD, and unaffected controls, respectively. The MUC5B variant was associated with IIP (OR 4.10; p < 0.001). The MUC5B polymorphism was not significantly associated with myositis-ILD (OR 1.08; p = 0.80)]. We found MUC5B MAFs in our IIP cohort similar to published frequencies for subjects with familial and sporadic IPF. Overall, the MUC5B promoter variant does not appear to contribute to ILD risk in myositis patients.
Equipment Compatibility and Performance of Men and Women during Heavy Load Carriage

This study examined the relative load-carrying ability of men and women. Nineteen male and fifteen female soldiers carried loads of 18, 27, and 36 kg during individual voluntary maximal speed 10-km road marches. Measures included march times, pre- post-march vertical jump and grenade throw, and a post-march questionnaire about equipment compatibility. The major findings were that the average march rates for both male and female soldiers in all load conditions were faster than the rates published in U.S. Army field manuals. This suggests that the test subjects were within the published zone of acceptable performance. Men completed the marches an average of 21% faster than the women. Women reported more problems with the shoulder straps, fit of the waist belts, and the fit and stability of the backpack. Data suggest that at least a portion of the gender differences in march rate may be explained by equipment problems reported by the women.
P3.130 Potential impact of testing for mycoplasma genitalium infection and macrolide resistance: a mathematical modelling analysis

Introduction Patients with genitourinary symptoms are generally treated syndromically with azithromycin, which can induce macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Directing treatment based on aetiology and known macrolide susceptibility may prevent emergence of resistance. We constructed a mathematical model to evaluate the potential impact of simultaneous detection of MG and resistance markers on the percent of MG infections that are macrolide-susceptible. Methods We developed a gender- and risk-stratified, compartmental model of MG transmission within a heterosexual population. We assumed clearance of untreated infections in 30 days; development of symptoms in 2.4% of infected men and 5.1% of infected women; initial treatment of symptomatic men and women with azithromycin; treatment of men with persistent/recurrent symptoms with moxifloxacin; 50% of infections macrolide-susceptible at baseline; de-novo macrolide resistance in 18% of susceptible bacteria after azithromycin therapy; and 100% efficacy of moxifloxacin. The model was calibrated to 1.1% population-level MG prevalence. We modelled the potential impact of using the ResistancePlus MG test (SpeeDx; Sydney, Australia) for symptomatic patients. We conducted sensitivity analyses varying the clearance rate (23–44 days) and percent of infections that are symptomatic in women (0%–11.7%). Results The model estimated a per-partner MG transmission probability of 0.042. The model predicted that implementing the ResistancePlus test for symptomatic patients would increase the percent of MG infections that are macrolide-susceptible from 50% to 85% in 2 years. In sensitivity analyses, transmission probability estimates and 2 year percent of MG infections that are macrolide-susceptible varied from 0.032–0.047 and 82%–92%, respectively. Conclusion Directing treatment based on aetiology and known macrolide resistance may preserve the ability to treat MG with azithromycin. Moxifloxacin therapy could be limited to patients with known macrolide-resistant MG infection and prevent treatment failure for those patients.
Labeling and Discrimination in Mental Health

When the label of “mental illness” is placed on an individual, a number of consequences follow. Some of these consequences are beneficent. Those who have been labeled mentally ill are given special protections and helps; they have the advantage—if it is an advantage—of stays of unlimited duration at state hospitals and of disability income provided by the state; they have a host of social work programs for their care and rehabilitation; and they have such special legal benefits as an excuse for criminal action and protection against disadvantageous contracts. (Some of these advantages are illusory. The theoretical entitlement to unlimited stays in government- supported hospitals, for example, may in real life be a series of short stays in a revolving-door system of commitment and discharge. The principle of special helps and benefits for the mentally disabled, however, is firmly entrenched in our legal and political systems.)
Increased axonal transport of trigeminal ganglion proteins in an electrode model.

This investigation uses an electrical stimulation model of ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation to elucidate the relationship between neuronal protein synthesis, axonal transport and electrical stimulation. In this study, healthy adult albino rabbits were implanted with electrodes over the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and stimulated chronically twice a week for 28-34 days (previously shown to induce HSV reactivation in infected rabbits). The TG was visualized surgically and injected with 3 H-proline to label newly synthesized protein. After various times, the TG, corneas and ophthalmic nerve were analyzed for labeled proteins. In nonimplanted and implanted rabbits (whether stimulated or not), the rate of fast anterograde axonal transport in the ophthalmic nerve was 347 mm/day and 326 mm/day, respectively. A lag period of 45 min occurred between initiation of protein labeling and onset of axonal transport. Only a small percentage of newly synthesized neuronal proteins were transported in the ophthalmic nerve (1-4% in the proximal 10 mm) or deposited in the cornea (less than 0.5%) after 24 hr. Neither the rate of protein synthesis in the TG nor the rate of axonal transport was changed by electrical stimulation. However, the amount of radioactively labeled proteins undergoing axonal transport in the stimulated group was five times that of the sham control group. Thus, the routing and loading of TG proteins for axonal transport is enhanced in the electrical stimulation model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:2050-2055, 1989 Ocular herpes simplex virus (type 1; HSV) infection consists of an acute phase involving primary infection of the cornea and a latent phase in which the virus migrates to and persists in the trigeminal ganglion until reactivation. Numerous studies have focused on replication, immunoreactivity and gene expression of the virus during latency and reactivation. However, the role of neuronal metabolism and functions in latent infection is not known. The relationship between neuronal protein synthesis, axonal transport and HSV latency and reactivation is poorly understood. Currently there are two animal models often used for studying HSV latency in ocular infection. The electrical stimulation model involves direct stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion, 1 whereas the iontophoresis model involves iontophoresis of epinephrine into the cornea. 2 Both models induce predictable
CAUCHY SYSTEM FOR THE NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF A SHALLOW ARCH

This chapter describes the Cauchy system for the nonlinear boundary value problem of a shallow arch. The deflection w ( x ) of a shallow arch under transversal load q ( x ) illustrated in the chapter in dimensionless form is described by a fourth order integrodifferential equation. The function w 0 ( x ) is the initial shape of the shallow arch, w ( x ) is the deflection of the arch under load q ( x ), A is the cross-sectional area of rectangular section of the arch, L is the span of the arch, I is the moment of inertia of the crosssection, h is the thickness of the arch, and q ( x ) is the transversal loading acting on the arch. In the case of a simply supported arch, the boundary conditions at each end are zero deflection and zero bending moment. For the case of an arch clamped at both ends, the boundary conditions are zero deflection and zero slope at each enc. The chapter discusses derivation of an initial value problem. It also explores the Cauchy system, which is well-suited for numerical integration.
Feasibility of Wearable Electromyography (EMG) to Assess Construction Workers’ Muscle Fatigue

Due to the labor-intensive nature of construction tasks, a large number of construction workers frequently suffer from excessive muscle fatigue. Workers’ muscle fatigue can adversely affect their productivity, safety, and well-being. Several attempts have been made to assess workers’ fatigue using subjective methods (e.g., fatigue questionnaire). Despite, the success of subjective methods in assessing workers’ fatigue in a long period, these methods have limited utility on construction sites. For instance, these methods interrupt workers’ ongoing tasks. These methods are also subject to high biases. To address these issues, this study aims to examine the feasibility of a wearable Electromyography (EMG) sensor to measure the electrical impulses produced by workers’ muscles as a means to continuously evaluate workers muscle fatigue without interfering with their ongoing tasks. EMG signals were acquired from eight subjects while lifting a concrete block using their upper limbs (i.e., elbow and shoulder muscles). As the first step, filtering methods (e.g., bandpass filter, rolling filter, and Hampel filter) were applied to reduce EMG signal artifacts. After removing signal artifacts, to examine the potential of EMG in measuring workers’ muscle fatigue, various EMG signal metrics were calculated in time domain (e.g., Signal Mean Absolute Value (MAV) and Root Mean Square (RMS)) and frequency domain (e.g., Median Frequency (MDF) and Mean Frequency (MEF)). Subjects’ perceived muscle exertion (Borg CR-10 scale) was used as a baseline to compare the muscle exertion identified by EMG signals. Results show a significant difference in EMG parameters while subjects were exerting different fatigue levels. Results confirm the feasibility of the wearable EMG to evaluate workers’ muscle fatigue as means for assessing their physical stress on construction sites.
Predictors of Postoperative Urinary Incontinence After Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: 12 Months Follow-Up.

Abstract Objective To identify pre- and perioperative factors associated with incontinence after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods Retrospective review of our single-surgeon database identified 88 patients with 12 months’ follow-up who underwent surgery between December 2014 and November 2016. Postoperative urinary incontinence was defined as 1 or more pads per day. Patients were evaluated at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Results Preoperative variables associated with incontinence at all follow-ups included pre-existing incontinence and higher detrusor voiding pressure. Higher maximum urinary flow and lower postvoid residual were predictors of transient urinary incontinence. On multivariate analysis, pre-existing incontinence remained significant as a 12-month predictor, whereas a higher detrusor voiding pressure was only significant as a 6-week predictor. De novo incontinence at 12 months was identified in only 1/44 patients (2%). Among patients with pre-existing incontinence, 30/40 (75%) reported resolution of their incontinence at 12 months. Numerous demographic, urinary, urodynamic, and operative factors were not significant for predicting incontinence. The mean decrease in pads per day between 6 weeks and 6 months was −1.6 and between 6 months and 12 months was −0.75. Medical management did not significantly impact rates of postoperative incontinence when compared to observation alone. Conclusion Pre-existing urinary incontinence and/or higher detrusor voiding pressure may predict urinary incontinence 12 months after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.
Type-B response regulators of rice play key roles in growth, development and cytokinin signaling

Cytokinins are plant hormones with crucial roles in growth and development. Although cytokinin signaling is well characterized in the model dicot Arabidopsis, we are only beginning to understand its role in monocots, such as rice (Oryza sativa) and other cereals of agronomic importance. Here, we used primarily a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing approach to characterize the roles of a key family of transcription factors, the type-B response regulators (RRs), in cytokinin signaling in rice. Results from the analysis of single rr mutants as well as higher-order rr21/22/23 mutant lines revealed functional overlap as well as subfunctionalization within members of the gene family. Mutant phenotypes associated with decreased activity of rice type-B RRs included effects on leaf and root growth, inflorescence architecture, flower development and fertilization, trichome formation and cytokinin sensitivity. Development of the stigma brush involved in pollen capture was compromised in the rr21/22/23 mutant, whereas anther development was compromised in the rr24 mutant. Novel as well as conserved roles for type-B RRs in the growth and development of a monocot compared with dicots were identified.
Paul Samuelson and My Intellectual Development

This chapter covers three topics: (1) the influence of Paul Samuelson on the author’s intellectual development when the author was an undergraduate before meeting Samuelson; (2) the influence of Samuelson when the author was a junior faculty member at MIT; and (3) exchanges between Samuelson and the author on the method of dynamic optimization.
The Impact of Face-to-Face Pharmacist Transitional Care Management Visits on Medication-Related Problems:

Background: Studies are needed to evaluate medication-related problems (MRPs) to assess the effect of a pharmacist on managing medications postdischarge. Objective: To assess the ability of pharmac...
A systematic review of the effectiveness of children’s behavioral health interventions in psychiatric residential treatment facilities

Abstract Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize quantitative or mixed-method studies that evaluate the efficacy of interventions with youth in the context of psychiatric residential treatment facilities (PRTFs) in the United States. Methods Systematic review procedures were conducted to identify relevant studies, both published and from the gray literature in the United States. Search terms were informed via consultation with a university social science reference librarian, and four electronic databases were searched. Using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria, team-based search procedures yielded a final sample of 47 relevant studies. Results Studies varied with respect to publication status; sample size; research design; youth gender identity; youth racial/ethnic identity; youth behavioral, psychological, and developmental or intellectual concerns at intake; outcomes measures; and interventions evaluated. Evaluated interventions could be clustered into one of five categories: (a) modifications to system of treatment, (b) therapeutic modalities, (c) educational/alternative programs, (d) practice behaviors, and (e) post-discharge engagement. The majority of studies noted youth outcome improvements; however, some studies also yielded mixed, inconclusive, or null results. Conclusions We would characterize the breadth and depth of research in this area to be insufficient in providing PRTF stakeholders a clear and firm understanding of “what works” for youth. Thus, one major implication of our review is the need for more research and efforts to incentivize the evaluation of ongoing practices in youth PRTFs. Still, this systematic review can serve as a convenient reference that can inform tentatively PRTF stakeholders’ decisions about the selection of interventions or practice behaviors.
Chapter 5 – Phosphorus

Phosphorus is essential to life because of its role in the transfer of energy via adenosine triphosphate, the universal energy source in all living systems. Agriculture is the intentional use of living systems to produce food and fiber. The modern agricultural system that produces our food is absolutely dependent on phosphorus. It is essential. The history of development of phosphorus fertilizer, the sources of phosphorus, and the key role of phosphorus fertilizers are discussed. If agriculture is to meet its primary production goal and its moral obligation to feed people, its practitioners must be aware of and deal with the increasing demand and decreasing supply of phosphorus. Because world demand for food will continue to rise and food demand will increase, phosphorus will continue to be essential to agricultural productivity and practice.