cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new screening method to detect water-soluble antioxidants: acetaminophen (tylenol®) and other phenols react as antioxidants and destroy peroxynitrite-based luminol-dependent chemiluminescence

This study is based on a simple chemical interaction of peroxynitrite (O N O O ˇ ) and luminol, which produces blue light upon oxidation. Since peroxynitrite has a half-life of about 1 s, a drug known as linsidomine (SIN-1) is used as a peroxynitrite generator. Peroxynitrite can oxidize lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Upon the stimulation of inflammation and/or infection, macrophages and neutrophils can be induced to produce large amounts of peroxynitrite, which can oxidize phenols and sulphhydryl-containing compounds. Therefore, phenols and sulphhydryls eliminate peroxynitrite. This is an example of the Yin‐Yang hypothesis e.g. oxidation‐reduction. Acetaminophen (Tylenol 1 ) can inhibit fever and some types of pain without being a particularly effective anti-inflammatory. Since it is a phenol, it could act as a nitration target for peroxynitrite. Then peroxynitrite, the possible cause of pain and elevated temperature, might be destroyed in the reaction. Acetaminophen is a phenolic compound which produces a clear inhibitory dose‐response curve with peroxynitrite in its range of clinical effectiveness. Whether acetaminophen actually works as we suggest is to be proven. Three different types of reaction could decrease the amount of peroxynitrite: (a) interference with base-catalysed opening of the SIN-1 molecule; (b) destruction of one or both substances needed to form it— superoxide and/or nitric oxide; when the SIN-1 degrades to superoxide and nitric oxide, the former may be destroyed by superoxide dismutase (SOD); (c) peroxynitrite may react directly with phenols (mono-, di-, tri- and tetraphenols), possibly by nitration. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and 2-hydroxyestradiol (catechol estrogen) are potent inhibitors of luminol light emission. Epineprine, isoproterenol, pyrogallol, catechol and ascorbic acid (a classic antioxidant) are all inhibitors of luminol chemiluminescence. Isoproterenol, norepinephrine/and epinephrine first inhibit light but overall stimulate the light production. Initially, SIN-1 degrades to produce peroxynitrite, which reacts with luminol to produce blue light. If any of three catecholamines are present with the reaction that produces light, there is an initial inhibition of light production, and then a marked stimulation. A possible reason for this is that these catechols are oxidized and the metabolized phenol stimulates the production of light from luminol. Also, during oxidation of catecholamines superoxide is sometimes formed, which could stimulate production of peroxynitrite. This simple screening system is introduced to find useful antioxidants against peroxynitrite. O 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid positron and OCT intraoperative probe for ovarian cancer detection and characterization

Ovarian cancer has the lowest survival rate of the gynecologic cancers with a 5-year survival of about 50% in the United States. With current screening and diagnostic abilities for ovarian cancers, most of the diagnosed patients are already with advanced stages and the majority of them will die of this deadly disease. In this paper, we report a multimodal imaging approach which combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and positron detection for early ovarian cancer detection. The dual modality system has the capability of providing both functional and morphological images simultaneously. While the positron detection provides the metabolism activity of the ovary due to the uptake of radiotracer, the OCT provides the high resolution (25μm X 25μm X 12μm - longitudinal X lateral X axial in air) structural imaging at 20k A-lines per second. Total 18 ovaries obtained from 10 patients classified as normal, abnormal and malignant ovarian tissues were characterized ex vivo. Positron counts of 1.2-fold higher was found between abnormal and normal ovaries and 3~30-fold higher was found between malignant and normal ovaries. OCT imaging of malignant and abnormal ovaries revealed many detailed morphologic features that could be potentially valuable for detecting early malignant changes in the ovary.
Experimental and clinical observations on the efficacy of esmolol in myocardial ischemia

Beta blockers reduce myocardial oxygen demand and are therefore useful in ischemic states. They reduce angina pectoris and reduce the risk of death when administered long-term after acute myocardial infarction. Some studies suggest that when administered early after coronary occlusion they can reduce myocardial infarct size. Relative contraindications to beta blockers, such as a history of congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, atrioventricular conduction defects and low blood pressure, limit their use. Conventional beta blockers have a relatively long duration of action and are either contraindicated or must be used with particular caution in patients with these contraindications. Esmolol is an ultrashort-acting beta blocker with a biologic half-life of 9 minutes. Therefore, such an agent may be useful in patients with ischemic heart disease in whom reducing heart rate would be beneficial but in whom there is concern that beta blockers might not be tolerated. Esmolol reduced myocardial infarct size in 2 experimental studies of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, and improved the recovery of the stunned myocardium when administered during experimental myocardial ischemia. Esmolol's brief duration of action may make it safer than conventional beta blockers for the management of patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction.
Flow visualization of flow into 8 point-source fractures II: The effect of fracture non-uniformity and fluid crosslinking

Recently, the flow of fluids into a fracture from a point source has been the subject of several different papers. Cleary and Fonseca first suggested that convective transport should play a major role in the placement of proppant when the flow into a fracture was from a point source. Clark and Courington presented data showing that for non-viscosified fluids convection was the dominant mechanism of transport. However, they showed, that for uniform fractures, viscosifying the fluid made a large difference in the transport mechanism. In a later paper, Clark and Zhu presented data for nonuniform fractures and viscosified fluids weighted with either salt or silica flour that showed that the presence of minor non-uniformities serve to negate the effect of convection even more than viscosifying the fluids. In this work, the authors have extended the work presented in the previous two papers to high viscosity Newtonian fluids and crosslinked fluids. The experiments have all been done with various concentrations of silica flour to simulate added proppant. Both changing the nature of the non-uniformities and crosslinking the polymer solution have a profound affect on the flow into the fracture and the convective process.
Role stress, physical symptomatology, and turnover intentions: A causal analysis of three alternative specifications

SUMMARY Causal relationships involving role stressors, physical symptomatology, and turnover intentions were examined within three alternative specifications. These specifications stemmed from Beehr and Newman's (1978) and Schuler's (1982) models of role stress and Locke's (1976) theory of job satisfaction. The results, derived from LISREL VI analyses, indicate that a revised Schuler model is the most plausible specification. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for understanding role stress and employee withdrawal.
Determinations of actinides in biological and environmental samples

Abstract This paper summarises the radiochemical procedures utilised in our laboratory to determine U, Th and Pu in different sample matrices, including soft tissues, bones, urine, faeces, soil, water, air-filters, lichen, and building materials such as granite, phosphate and concrete. Sample preparation, depending upon the matrix of the sample, includes either dry ashing and/or wet ashing with a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 or HNO3 alone with occasional additions of a few drops of HNO3 and H2O2. Uranium, Th and Pu are either co-precipitated with Fe carrier as hydroxides or with Ca as oxalates. Solvent extractions are performed from 2M HNO3, 4M HNO3 or 10M HCl depending upon the actinide or combination of actinides to be determined. The techniques have been very successful for most samples, with radiochemical recoveries exceeding 70%. However, radiochemical recoveries of Th from soil samples have been very poor (10–30%). Attempts are being made to improve these recoveries.
Size-dependent composition of semiconductor nanoparticles in glass

Precipitation of semiconductor particles in glass produces composite materials that are optically useful and mechanically, thermally, and chemically robust. Applications include optical absorption long pass filters and nonlinear saturable absorbers. Control of particle composition is essential to control of optical properties. We demonstrate how Raman scattering, optical absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy can be combined to determine composition, size, and strain in ZnxCd1−xS semiconductor nanoparticles grown in glass. We develop a thermophysical model relating average particle size and Zn/Cd ratio in nanoparticle precipitates.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion After Manipulation of the Neck by a Chiropractor

Purpose To document a case of central retinal artery occlusion after chiropractic treatment. Methods An 87-year-old man suffered a central retinal artery occlusion immediately after chiropractic neck manipulation. Results A magnetic resonance angiogram showed an atherosclerotic plaque in the ipsilateral carotid artery, which probably shed emboli during cervical joint mobilization. Conclusion The carotid arteries should be approached carefully in patients with known or suspected atherosclerotic disease of the carotid arteries.
Role of Structural and Functional Elements of Mouse Methionine-S-Sulfoxide Reductase in Its Subcellular Distribution†

Oxidized forms of methionine residues in proteins can be repaired by methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase (MsrA) and methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (MsrB). In mammals, three MsrBs are present, which are targeted to various subcellular compartments. In contrast, only a single mammalian MsrA gene is known whose products have been detected in both cytosol and mitochondria. Factors that determine the location of the protein in these compartments are not known. Here, we found that MsrA was present in cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria in mouse cells and tissues and that the major enzyme forms detected in various compartments were generated from a single-translation product rather than by alternative translation initiation. Both cytosolic and mitochondrial forms were processed with respect to the N-terminal signal peptide, and the distribution of the protein occurred post-translationally. Deletion of amino acids 69-108, 69-83, 84-108, or 217-233, which contained elements important for MsrA structure and function, led to exclusive mitochondrial location of MsrA, whereas a region that affected substrate binding but was not part of the overall fold had no influence on the subcellular distribution. The data suggested that proper structure-function organization of MsrA played a role in subcellular distribution of this protein in mouse cells. These findings were recapitulated by expressing various forms of mouse MsrA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting conservation of the mechanisms responsible for distribution of the mammalian enzyme among different cellular compartments.
Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the scl‐90: A study in construct validation

The dimensional structure of the SCL-90, a multidimensional self-report symptom inventory, was subjected to a confirmatory empirical test with a sample of 1,002 psychiatric outpatients. A variation of factor analytic method termed a „Procrustes procedure” was utilized to compare the hypothesized nine-dimensional clinical-rational structure with the dimensional structure developed empirically. The hypothetical vs. empirical match was judged to be very good for eight of the nine dimensions, and moderate on the ninth and thereby makes a substantive contribution to the construct validity of the instrument.
MOLECULAR MODELING, NMR SPECTROSCOPY, AND CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF 3',4'-ANHYDROVINBLASTINE

The assignment of the proton spectrum of 3′,4′-anhydrovinblastine is reported. Assignments are made for several protons for which only approximate assignments were available previously. Homonuclear TOCSY and ROESY spectra were utilized in conjunction with HMQC and HMBC spectra in making the assignment. Correlations in the ROESY spectrum suggested a preferred conformation of the cleavamine (upper) portion of 3′,4′-anhydrovinblastine in which the 21-methyl of the 20/21 ethyl group of the vindo-line (lower) portion is in proximity to the H14′ and 16′-NH resonances of the cleavamine. In a Monte Carlo search, the global minimal energy structure was oriented with the 16-methoxyl group oriented toward the H14′ and 16′-NII resonances. Two other structures, the second and tenth lowest in energy, 0,2 kJ and 8 kJ higher in energy, respectively, brought the 21-methyl group in proximity to the H14′ and 16′-NH resonances in a fashion consistent with the ROESY data. The preferred solution conformation of 3′,4′-anhy-drovinblastine is consistent with the reported solution conformation of vinblastine.
Increased maternal morbidity after cesarean delivery before 28 weeks of gestation

To test the hypothesis that there is increased maternal morbidity associated with cesarean section at very early gestational ages compared to cesarean section at term, a case-control study was performed. Eighty consecutive cases of cesarean section before 28 weeks of gestation were chronologically matched to 80 controls with cesareans at term. Compared to term controls, preterm cases were more frequently complicated by postpartum endomyometritis (32% vs. 9%, P < 0.001) and blood transfusion (14% vs. 1%, P < 0.01), resulting in a significantly longer postpartum stay and longer duration of antibiotic use. One or more major complications occurred in 45% of preterm cases versus 14% of controls (P < 0.001); two major complications occurred in 11% of cases versus 1% of controls (P < 0.05). Some, but not all, of the higher risk for postpartum complications was attributable to pre-existing differences in risk factors for infection and hemorrhage between the two groups. We conclude that cesarean section before 28 weeks of gestation is associated with a high risk of postoperative complications and that patients should be counseled accordingly.
Real Narrow Content

The purpose of the present paper is to develop and defend an account of narrow content that would neutralize the commonplace charge that narrow content ' is not real content ' . On the account I offer, a concept ' s narrow content consists in its bearing the right relation to the right sort of response-dependent property. Our mental life is full of thoughts, experiences, and other mental states. These states are contentful : something is being thought, something is being experienced. What is being thought or experienced is the content of the thought or experience. What kind of entity is a mental content? This question is of the fi rst importance, because ultimately it concerns the relationship between mind and reality. A more specifi c question is whether mental content is internal to us, in the sense of being fully determined by what goes on inside our head. Let us call mental content that is fully determined by what goes on inside the head narrow content , and one that is not wide content . The question, then, is whether mental content is narrow or wide. There are three general positions on this matter. Let us call internalism the view that mental content is narrow; externalism the view that it is wide; and dual content theory the view that mental states have two separate contents, one narrow and one wide. 1,2
Flux-limited schemes for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations

Several high-resolution schemes are formulated with the goal of improving the accuracy of solutions to the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Calculations of laminar boundary layers at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds are carried out to validate the proposed schemes. It is concluded that these schemes, which were originally tailored for nonoscillatory shock capturing, yield accurate solutions for viscous flows. The results of this study suggest that the formulation of the limiting process is more important than the choice of a particular flux splitting technique in determining the accuracy of computed viscous flows. Symmetric limited positive and upstream limited positive schemes hold the promise of improving the accuracy of the results, especially on coarser grids. HE calculation of compressible flows at transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic Mach numbers requires the implementation of nonoscillatory discrete schemes which combine high accuracy with high resolution of shock waves and contact discontinuities. These schemes must also be formulated in such a way that they facilitate the treatment of complex geometric shapes. In the past decade numerous schemes have been developed to meet these requirements in conjunction with the solution of the Euler equations.l More recently, the application of such schemes to the Navier-Stokes equations has produced algorithms which have progressively gained acceptance as analysis tools in the aerospace industry. There remains, however, a need to understand and improve Navier-Stokes schemes beyond the current state of the art. The most compelling reason for this rests on the fact that shock capturing requires the construction of schemes which are numerically dissipative, a requirement which could affect the global accuracy of the solution of the physical viscous problem. In a recent paper2 Jameson has shown that a theory of nonoscillatory schemes can be developed for scalar conservation laws based upon the local extremum diminishing (LED) principle that maxima should not increase and minima should not decrease. Moreover, although it is equivalent to the total variation diminishing principle (TVD) for one-dimensional problems, the LED principle can be applied naturally to multidimensional problems on both structured and unstructured meshes. This recent development has shed new light on the principles underlying the construction of both high-resolution switched and flux-limited dissipation schemes. In particular, it allowed the new formulation of two families of flux-limited schemes denominated, symmetric limited positive (SLIP) and upstream limited positive (USLIP), respectively. The present work merges several dissipation schemes based on both the SLIP and USLIP construction with a well-developed cell-centered, finite-volume formulation for solving the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations.3 The aim is to analyze and validate these new discretizations for the solution of viscous flow problems. In Sec. II the design principles of nonoscillator y discrete approximations to a scalar convection equation are reviewed together
Alteration of red cell deformability during extracorporeal bypass: membrane ν bubble oxygenator

Red cell deformability is essential for normal microcirculation, since the red cell is greater in diameter than the caliber of small capillaries. Red cell filtration rate (RFR) was measured using a 5 μm nuclepore polycarbonate filter as an index of red cell deformability before, during, and after two hours of extracorporeal circulation for coronary artery bypass surgery, with a bubble oxygenator (eight patients) or a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator (14 patients). RFR decreased steadily and significantly during bypass in the bubble oxygenator group. After the start of bypass, RFR was significantly higher at all measurement intervals in the membrane oxygenator group as compared with the bubble oxygenator group. It can be postulated that significantly impaired red cell deformability caused by the bubble oxygenator is attributed to mechanical damage secondary to a huge blood-gas interface, and possibly to neutrophil-mediated oxygen free radical formation due to complement activation. Results indicate that the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator is superior to the bubble oxygenator in maintaining red cell deformability.
Constructing Meaning From Text: An Analysis of Ninth-Grade Reader Responses

AbstractThe cognitive processes of five successful and five less-successful ninth-grade readers used to construct meaning from narrative text were examined through analysis of the think-aloud protocols that the students recorded as they read two stories. After presenting the coding system used to analyze the protocols, I report findings in three areas: (a) The readers’ orientation toward reading-the readers were engaged primarily in story-driven and association-driven readings rather than in point-driven readings; (b) the effect of the type of story on the readers’ responses-the readers had a characteristic style of response that was not substantially affected by the type of story that they read; (c) the differences and similarities between the two groups of readers—there were few clear differences between the groups, although some did exist, most notably that the successful readers tended to rely more heavily on their personal experience than did the less-successful readers.
Testing potentiates new learning in the misinformation paradigm.

Retrieval enhanced suggestibility (RES) is the finding that the misinformation effect is exacerbated when a test precedes misleading postevent information (Chan, Thomas, & Bulevich Psychological Science 20: 66–73, 2009). In the present study, we tested three hypotheses relevant to RES. First, we examined whether retrieval of critical details was necessary for the RES effect. Second, we examined whether initial testing influenced the allocation of attention to critical details during postevent information processing. Finally, we examined whether RES resulted in impaired access to the originally learned information. We compared three groups of participants in three experiments: an identical-test group, a related-test group, and a standard misinformation group. Both testing groups were tested on the original event before the introduction of misinformation; however, the identical-test group took the same test before and after the misinformation, whereas the related-test group took different tests before and after misinformation. We found that testing before misleading postevent information affected attention allocation to details in the postevent narrative. Furthermore, the RES effect did not accompany reduced accessibility to the original information, as measured by a modified–modified free recall test. These data have implications for how testing may potentiate new learning.
Reflective liquid crystal polarization gratings with high efficiency and small pitch

We report our experimental success in realizing high efficiency liquid crystal polarization gratings (LCPGs) on reflective substrates, with periods as small as 2.2μm, enabling the largest switchable LCPG diffraction angles reported yet for red light. Moreover, these gratings retain nearly ideal electro-optical properties, including > 95% hologram efficiency, high polarization contrast, sub-millisecond total switching times, and relatively low voltage operation (thresholds ~1.5V). We discuss two different fabrication approaches, each with its own set of advantages, which have resulted in gratings with the above compelling properties. We anticipate broad utility of these diffractive elements in a variety of applications.
Estimating an economic model of crime using panel data from North Carolina

This paper replicates the Cornwell and Trumbull (1994) estimation of a crime model using panel data on 90 counties in North Carolina over the period 1981–1987. While the Between and Within estimates are replicated, the fixed effects 2SLS as well as the 2SLS estimates are not. In fact, the fixed effects 2SLS estimates turn out to be insignificant for all important deterrent variables as well as legal opportunity variables. We argue that the usual Hausman test, based on the difference between fixed effects and random effects, may lead to misleading inference when endogenous variables of the conventional simultaneous equation type are among the regressors. We estimate the model using random effects 2SLS and perform a Hausman test based on the difference between fixed effects 2SLS and random effects 2SLS. We cannot reject the consistency of the random effects 2SLS estimator and this estimator yields plausible and significant estimates of the crime model. This result should be tempered by the legitimacy of the chosen instruments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of interethnic ideologies on the likability of stereotypic vs. counterstereotypic minority targets

Abstract This paper examines the effect of interethnic ideologies on the likability of stereotypic vs. counterstereotypic minority targets. In two experiments, participants were exposed to either a multicultural or colorblind prime and subsequently asked to indicate their impressions of a stereotypic or counterstereotypic minority target. Results suggest that multiculturalism and colorblindness have different effects on the likability of minority targets to the extent that such targets confirm the existence of fixed or permeable ethnic group boundaries. Specifically, a stereotypic target was liked more than a counterstereotypic target when participants were exposed to multiculturalism – suggesting that multiculturalism creates a preference for individuals who remain within the boundaries of their ethnicity. Conversely, a counterstereotypic target was liked more than a stereotypic target when participants were exposed to colorblindness – suggesting that colorblindness creates a preference for individuals who permeate the boundaries of their ethnicity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Comparison of thermodynamic and kinetic measures of solute atom trapping in the NbVO system

Abstract Using solid-state electrochemical cells with zirconium sinks, the diffusivity of oxygen in Nb-V alloys was measured across the entire range of Nb/V concentrations. The binding energies calculated according to theoretical models for trapping do not appear to depend on the substitutional solute concentration, at least up to 10 at.%. Vanadium atoms trap oxygen more strongly in niobium than niobium atoms do in vanadium. The kinetic behavior of oxygen in Nb-V alloys seems to be consistent with the thermodynamic observation that vanadium decreases the activity of oxygen significantly in niobium-rich alloys, whereas niobium has a similar effect, but to a much smaller degree, in vanadium-rich alloys. An attempt was made to find correlations between the kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of oxygen in the Nb-V alloys.
A useful colony colour phenotype associated with the yeast selectable/counter‐selectable marker MET15

Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bearing null alleles of the met15 gene are methionine auxotrophs and become darkly pigmented in the presence of Pb2+ ions (Ono et al. (1991). Appl. Env. Microbiol. 57, 3183-3186). We describe the cloning of a useful fragment of the MET15 locus which complements both the methionine requirement and the colony colour phenotype. This colony colour phenotype is very useful for genetic screens and may be applicable for use in other yeast species. The combination of the size of MET15, along with its counter-selectability and the colour of met15 mutations make this perhaps the most versatile yeast genetic marker.
Angiotensin-II and MARCKS: a hydrogen peroxide- and Rac1-dependent signaling pathway in vascular endothelium

MARCKS is an actin-binding protein that modulates vascular endothelial cell migration and cytoskeleton signaling (Kalwa, H., and Michel, T. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 2320–2330). Angiotensin-II is a vasoactive peptide implicated in vascular physiology as well as pathophysiology; the pathways connecting angiotensin-II and cytoskeletal remodeling are incompletely understood. Here we show that MARCKS is expressed in intact arterial preparations, with prominent staining of the endothelium. In endothelial cells, angiotensin-II-promoted MARCKS phosphorylation is abrogated by PEG-catalase, implicating endogenous H2O2 in the angiotensin-II response. Studies using the H2O2 biosensor HyPer2 reveal that angiotensin-II promotes increases in intracellular H2O2. We used a Rac1 FRET biosensor to show that angiotensin-II promotes Rac1 activation that is attenuated by PEG-catalase. siRNA-mediated Rac1 knockdown blocks angiotensin-II-stimulated MARCKS phosphorylation. Cell imaging studies using a phosphoinositide 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) biosensor revealed that angiotensin-II PIP2 regulation depends on MARCKS and H2O2. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MARCKS or Rac1 attenuates receptor-mediated activation of the tyrosine kinase c-Abl and disrupts actin fiber formation. These studies establish a critical role for H2O2 in angiotensin-II signaling to the endothelial cytoskeleton in a novel pathway that is critically dependent on MARCKS, Rac1, and c-Abl.
Experimental and genetic approaches to the study of the development of the enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a large, complex region of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that can function independently of the brain. It develops from neuronal precursors that migrate to the bowel from the neural crest, a process that has been explored effectively through surgical intervention and the construction of interspecies chimeras in birds. Mammals have historically been more difficult to study because of the technical problems that complicate intra-uterine intervention. Nevertheless, recent studies of mutant mice in which neurons are excluded from a segment of gut indicate that these animals will provide a unique opportunity for investigation of the role of non-neuronal microenvironmental factors in the colonization of the bowel and the development of the ENS.
Early experiences with a 3D model search engine

New acquisition and modeling tools make it easier to create 3D models, and affordable and powerful graphics hardware makes it easier to use them. As a result, the number of 3D models available on the web is increasing rapidly. However, it is still not as easy to find 3D models as it is to find, for example, text documents and images. What is needed is a \3D model search engine," a specialized search engine that targets 3D models. We created a prototype 3D model search engine to investigate the design and implementation issues. Our search engine can be partitioned into three main components: (1) acquisition: 3D models have to be collected from the web, (2) analysis: they have to be analyzed for later matching, and (3) query processing and matching: an online system has to match user queries to the collected 3D models. Our site currently indexes over 36,000 models, of which about 31,000 are freely available. In addition to a text search interface, it offers several 3D and 2D shape-based query interfaces. Since it went online one year ago (in November 2001), it has processed over 148,000 searches from 37,800 hosts in 103 different countries. Currently 20--25% of the about 1,000 visitors per week are returning users. This paper reports on our initial experiences designing, building, and running the 3D model search engine.
The Factor Binding to the Glucocorticoid Modulatory Element of the Tyrosine Aminotransferase Gene Is a Novel and Ubiquitous Heteromeric Complex

Glucocorticoid induction of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene deviates from that of many glucocorticoid-responsive genes by having a lower EC50 and displaying more agonist activity with a given antiglucocorticoid. A cis-acting element, located 3646 base pairs upstream of the start of tyrosine aminotransferase gene transcription, has been found to be sufficient to reproduce these variations with heterologous genes and promoters (Oshima, H., and Simons, S.S., Jr. (1992) Mol. Endocrinol. 6, 416-428). This element has been called a glucocorticoid modulatory element, or GME. Others have called this sequence a cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE) due to the binding of the cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB). We now report the partial purification and characterization of two new proteins (GMEB1 and -2) of 88 and 67 kDa that bind to the GME/CRE as a heteromeric complex. This purification was followed by the formation of a previously characterized, biologically relevant band in gel shift assays. By several biochemical criteria, the GMEBs differed from many of the previously described CREB/CREM/ATF family members. Partial peptide sequencing revealed that the sequences of these two proteins have not yet been described. Size exclusion chromatography and molecular weight measurements of the gel-shifted band demonstrated that the GMEBs bound to the GME as a macromolecular complex of about 550 kDa that could be dissociated by deoxycholate. Similar experiments showed that CREB bound to the GME as heteromeric complexes of about 310 and 360 kDa. As determined from gel shift assays, GMEB1 and -2 are not restricted to rat liver cells but appear to be ubiquitous. Thus, these novel GMEBs may participate in a similar modulation of other glucocorticoid-inducible genes in a variety of cells.
Integrated Spill Modeling for Impact Analysis

ABSTRACT This paper examines the potential use of computer models to estimate environmental impacts from oil spills. Computer simulation models for oil spills have long been used for risk analysis and have continually improved over the past few decades. Beyond risk analysis, however, these modeling tools could contribute to the estimation of the environmental impacts such as species mortality and shoreline contact. Proposed activities such as offshore oil and gas exploration and development can be analyzed using models that integrate spill-simulation capability with environmental resource and toxicological data. To estimate the potential use and reasonableness of such models for oil-spill impact analysis, the authors have applied a commercially available state-of-the-art spill model using previously unavailable historical winds and currents data and spill events extracted from the oil-spill record for the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). This is one of the first efforts to bring ...
Retail store attributes, fashion leadership and older consumers

The importance of retail store attributes for apparel shopping was examined for elderly (65 and over) men and women (65 and older). A self‐administered mail‐in survey questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cronbach's alpha was executed to determine the reliability of the extracted factors. Four extracted factors explained 67.76 per cent of the total variance with regard to the preferences for the retail store attributes by the participating older men and women. Sex was identified as the most discriminating variable for both the extracted factors and fashion opinion leadership variables. Implications of the results for future research in both the US and international settings are discussed.
The Chromium, Cobalt, and Nickel Contents of American Cement and Their Relationship to Cement Dermatitis

Dermatitis due to handling cement continues to be an occupational problem. This paper describes laboratory and human studies undertaken to determine the content of chromium, cobalt, and nickel in American cement samples and their etiological roles In causing dermatitis observed in cement workers in the United States.
Underwater acoustic displays and individual variation in male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina

Abstract Abstract. Vocalizing by natural-living harbour seals has been considered to be rare, limited primarily to aerial threats. A few studies on captive harbour seals, however, indicated that this species produced a wider variety of aerial vocalizations than was previously thought. The objective of this study was to determine whether adult male harbour seals in the wild vocalized under water during the breeding season and whether there was any variation in vocalizations between individuals. Underwater vocalizations of 10 males were tape-recorded at Point Lobos State Reserve, California during the spring and summer of 1991. Females did not vocalize except on land when they threatened other seals. Observational data was taken to identify the vocalizing seal and to determine whether other seals in the vicinity showed any reactions to the vocalizations. Five vocalization types were identified and analysed: grunt, groan, creak, bubbly growl and roar. There were significant differences between males with regard to the frequency measurements of the roars as well as to their entire acoustic displays but there was little intra-individual variation. It is suggested that underwater vocalizations are used in male-male competition and/or as reproductive advertisement displays to attract females.
The deoxyribonucleic acid content of the egg and sperm of Ilyanassa obsoleta.

Abstract The DNA content of the Ilyanassa sperm, ovarian egg, and 25-cell embryo was measured by the diphenylamine reaction. The mature ovarian egg was found to contain about thirty-two times the amount of DNA expected on the basis of its chromosomal complement. By the 25-cell stage the Ilyanassa embryo had begun to synthesize new DNA, and at this stage the embryo already contained five times the amount of DNA expected on the basis of the number of cells present. From these results it is tentatively concluded that at this stage in development the DNA of the Ilyanassa embryo is synthesized at a rate exceeding that required for the number of cells and the rate of cleavage.
Entre nosotros: Exploring Latino diversity in family therapy literature.

The term Latino is often used to describe a largely diverse group of individuals living in the United States. This very broad term minimizes within-group differences due to race, ethnicity, class, country of origin and impact of immigration. We conducted a content analysis of 78 articles from peer reviewed journals in the fields of family therapy and family studies focused on Latinos, published from 2000 to May 2010, to challenge the Theoretical Myth of Sameness. We describe our evaluation and offer a culturally sensitive clinical and research approach with Latinos.
Effect of sulfate and citrate salts on derivatization of amylose and amylopectin during hydroxypropylation of corn starch

Abstract Common corn starch was modified in 0.56 M sodium sulfate solution and in 0.31 M potassium citrate solution. It was found that about 1.8 times the amount of reagent (propylene oxide) was needed to get a same molar substitution (MS) when potassium citrate was used. Hydroxypropylated starches were fractionated on a size-exclusion column to separate amylose from amylopectin, and MS values of the whole starch, the amylose, and the amylopectin were determined. In all preparations, amylose was derivatized to a greater extent than was amylopectin. The data indicate that, with common corn starch: (1) the greater the overall derivatization, the greater was the preference for derivatization of amylose; and (2) the preference for amylose derivatization was greater for corn starch modified in potassium citrate solution than in sodium sulfate solution when the MS values for the two preparations were essentially the same.
BIOMIMETIC DESIGNS FROM BONE

We discovered that the foramen—a natural hole in bone—is a structurally optimized feature. Through a heterogeneous arrangement of its composition, the foramen has shifted the highest stress away from the hole edge into a region of higher strength. We used these natural principles to design plates with holes, and demonstrated such increased performance in actual test articles. Most recently, we found the foramen to be tougher and we are currently applying this knowledge in tougher designs of fibrous materials. Our work is beneficial for the design of engineering structures with discontinuities.
An adolescent boy with urticaria to water: review of current treatments for aquagenic urticaria.

Abstract: We report the case of an adolescent boy with aquagenic urticaria unresponsive to oral antihistamine therapy. We successfully treated his condition by topical application of a petrolatum-containing cream as a protective coating. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the use of topical therapy alone to treat aquagenic urticaria in a child. Based on the effectiveness, safety profile, and ease of use, clinicians may wish to consider this regimen as a first-line therapy.
A correlation and heuristic approach for obtaining production sequences requiring a minimum of tool replacements

This research presents a technique to obtain production sequences requiring minimal tooling replacements, via exploitation of statistical metrics along with a heuristic approach. Tool preservation has always been an important issue, and in many cases, since the production of some products tends to wear the tooling differently than others, the production sequence plays an important role in this preservation. Thus, if tool preservation is a priority then maintaining uniform tool-wear through careful product sequencing should be of concern. In some industries, minimizing tool replacement by increasing its useful life can result in large annual savings for manufacturing firms--due to increased tool life, reduction of unscheduled downtime, and increased flexibility of the machining center. This research presents sequencing techniques that attempt to minimize the number of tool replacements on a single machine over a given period of time (via sequences which have uniformity of tool wear). The sequences are obtained via simulated annealing, with a measurement criterion of three correlation-related statistics. Experimentation indicates that sequences obtained via the presented metrics and simulated annealing provide fewer tooling replacements as compared to more conventional sequencing methods.
Heat‐Activation Kinetics of Endospores of Bacillus subtilisa

SUMMARY Bacillus subtilis strain 5230 endospores suspended in water at a concentration of ca. 1 × 108 spores per ml were heat-activated at eight temperatures ranging from 5 to 94°C. The response was measured by plate count and recorded as the beat-activated decimal fraction of the total viable count. The method for determining total viable count ineluded a medium containing CaCl2 and Na2 dipicolinate. This medium enumerated total viable populations, which were equivalent to total direct microscopic counts, without the usual beat-treatment requirement. A method was developed to evaluate the contribution by the plate-count incubation to the total heat treatment. The exposure times were corrected to compensate for the incubation heat treatment. The heat-activation response was obtained throughout the entire range of test temperatures; however, the exposure time required to achieve the response was extended as temperature was decreased. The logarithm of the rate of heat activation was related to the test temperature, i.e., at a lower temperature, a longer time was required for the response. The thermo-dynamic properties for the system were: ΔH‡= 27.9 keal; ΔF‡= 25.1–26.4 kcal; ΔS‡= 4.6–8.1 cal/deg.
Sputtered depth scales of multi-layered samples with in situ laser interferometry: arsenic diffusion in Si/SiGe layers

Abstract Diffused arsenic profiles in multi-layer Si–SiGe structures are used to characterize an in situ depth measurement system. The laser interferometer method shows problems with the depth scale both at the sample surface and interfaces for these layered materials, and does not improve the depth scale accuracy over crater depth measurements after analysis. Initial negative depth values indicate a volume expansion of the sample from the primary species implantation. Improved interpretation of the laser interaction with the sample will be needed to implement an interferometer for accurate depth scales on layered samples.
The protein folding problem: Searching conformations of compact chain molecule

A simple model of self-avoiding chains of specific-sequence copolymers of H (hydrophobic) and P (polar) monomers on lattices gives many of the properties of proteins, including their tertiary structural symmetries.
Investigation of Organic Vapor Losses to Condensed Water Vapor in Tedlar® Bags Used for Exhaled-Breath Sampling

This study evaluated the potential loss of organic vapors to condensed water in bags used for breath sampling. “Wet” test atmospheres were prepared by transferring nitrogen into 1-L Tedlar® bags and spiking with water and each of several organic solvents (methanol, acetone, 2-butanone, m-xylene, 1, 1, 1 trichloroethane, and perchloroethylene) to yield atmospheres representative of a 500-mL breath sample collected at 37°C and cooled to 25°C. Vapor concentrations were compared with those in bags prepared without water. Differences between mean concentrations in wet and dry bags were significant only for methanol, which yielded a mean wet-bag concentration approximately 10% lower than for dry bags. In a second series of experiments the same initial concentration of solvent vapor was generated in 1 dry bag and 5bags containing 1 to 20 times the amount of water expected to condense in a 500-mL breath sample. Significant differences between wet and dry bag concentrations were seen for methanol, acetone, and 2-b...
Muscular ventricular septal defects repaired with left ventriculotomy.

Abstract Between 1974 and 1979 nine patients, aged 10 months to 4 years, underwent left ventriculotomy for closure of single or multiple defects in the muscular ventricular septum. The vertical incision paralleled the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery near the apex of the left ventricle and ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 cm in length. Four patients also had a right ventriculotomy with closure of a high perimembranous ventricular defect in two. Serial electrocardiograms indicated changes of myocardial ischemia or necrosis. Left bundle branch block did not develop in any patient. Three patients died in the early postoperative period. The six surviving patients are living and well 2 to 7 years later. There is apparent complete closure of the ventricular defects, which was documented by cardiac catheterization in four cases. Two patients had cardiomegaly and left ventricular dysfunction as assessed with echocardiographic and angiographic study, whereas four displayed good cardiac function. In three of the latter patients, cardioplegia or deep hypothermia techniques were utilized intraoperatively. The observations indicate that left ventriculotomy of limited size is an acceptable approach to the difficult problem of repair of muscular ventricular defects but may involve some risk of compromise of the coronary circulation.
Heterochromatic regions and nucleolus organizers in chromosomes of the mouse, Mus musculus

Abstract The heterochromatic regions of mouse spermatogonial chromosomes have been described. The 38 autosomes have heterochromatic regions adjacent to the kinetochore loci. The X and the Y chromosomes are entirely heterochromatic and are concerned with nucleolus formation.
A method for determining the efficiencies of small motors

FRACTIONAL-HORSEPOWER motors have been developed for many uses which cause their characteristics to differ widely from larger motors. Usually they are designed for constant-load operation, but some are made to have large starting torques and others to run at constant speed. Naturally these motors have a much smaller efficiency than the larger ones, and the methods used for determining the efficiency of the larger motors are not practical for the small ones.