cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A receptor-binding site as revealed by the crystal structure of CfaE, the colonization factor antigen i fimbrial adhesin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

CfaE is the minor, tip-localized adhesive subunit of colonization factor antigen I fimbriae (CFA/I) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and is thought to be essential for the attachment of enterotoxigenic E. coli to the human small intestine early in diarrhea pathogenesis. The crystal structure of an in cis donor strand complemented CfaE was determined, providing the first atomic view of a fimbrial subunit assembled by the alternate chaperone pathway. The in cis donor strand complemented variant of CfaE structure consists of an N-terminal adhesin domain and a C-terminal pilin domain of similar size, each featuring a variable immunoglobulin-like fold. Extensive interactions exist between the two domains and appear to rigidify the molecule. The upper surface of the adhesin domain distal to the pilin domain reveals a depression consisting of conserved residues including Arg181, previously shown to be necessary for erythrocyte adhesion. Mutational analysis revealed a cluster of conserved, positively charged residues that are required for CFA/I-mediated hemagglutination, implicating this as the receptor-binding pocket. Mutations in a few subclass-specific residues that surround the cluster displayed differential effects on the two red cell species used in hemagglutination, suggesting that these residues play a role in host or cell specificity. The C-terminal donor strand derived from the major subunit CfaB is folded as a β-strand and fits into a hydrophobic groove in the pilin domain to complete the immunoglobulin fold. The location of this well ordered donor strand suggests the positioning and orientation of the subjacent major fimbrial subunit CfaB in the native assembly of CFA/I fimbriae.
Diagnosis and reconstruction of the dorsal or circumferential urethral diverticulum.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Uncommonly a saddlebag urethral diverticulum (UD) may extend circumferentially around the urethra dorsally or anteriorly with compromise of the adjacent tissues. Excision of the entire mucosalized surface of this type of UD may leave an extensive gap in the urethra. Unfortunately the full extent of a saddlebag UD is often not appreciated on preoperative imaging and it is only discovered intraoperatively when potential reconstructive flaps have already been compromised. The advent of endoluminal magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI) has provided outstanding preoperative staging that has greatly aided in the successful reconstruction of the cases. We present our experience with the diagnosis and reconstruction of these complex UDs.Materials and Methods: A review of 41 patients with UD at a single institution revealed 9 with circumferential involvement of the urethra confirmed on eMRI. All patients had voiding cystourethrography as the initial diagnostic modality. Four of the 9 patients had had ...
Hydrologic and geomorphic flow thresholds in the Lower Brazos River, Texas, USA

AbstractRiver science and management often require a design or reference discharge. The common (and sometimes unavoidable) use of such discharges may, however, obscure the fact that the magnitude a...
Evidence for a Countercurrent Beneath the Florida Current: ABSTRACT

About 60 per cent of the area shown in photographs taken at the axis of Florida Straits exhibit well defined current ripple marks. These ripples indicate a flow of water of at least .23 to .59 kts. from the north. This current is in the opposite direction from the surface currents of 2 to 4 or more knots. End_of_Article - Last_Page 361------------
Polynomial approximation of one parameter families of (un)stable manifolds with rigorous computer assisted error bounds

Abstract This work describes a method for approximating a branch of stable or unstable manifolds associated with a branch of hyperbolic fixed points or equilibria in a one parameter family of analytic dynamical systems. We approximate the branch of invariant manifolds by polynomials and develop a-posteriori theorems which provide mathematically rigorous bounds on the truncation error. The hypotheses of these theorems are formulated in terms of certain inequalities which are checked via a finite number of calculations on a digital computer. By exploiting the analytic category we are able to obtain mathematically rigorous bounds on the jets of the manifolds, as well as on the derivatives of the manifolds with respect to the parameter. A number of example computations are given.
Pet fish radiography: technique and case history reports

Radiography can be used to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of pet fish diseases. Handling, restraint and radiographic technique for the radiographic examination of pet fish is described. Quality diagnostic images can be obtained with standard radiographic equipment and radiographic techniques. Fishes with undifferentiated sarcoma, swim bladder herniation and scoliosis are three clinical examples that are described where radiography was used in the management of the patient. Conventional radiography appears to be best for evaluating skeletal and swim bladder diseases. Alternate imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may enhance the evaluation of coelomic soft tissue structures.
Multicolor Timelapse Luminescence Microscopy: Optimizing Luciferases to Track Fast Gene Dynamics in Single Yeast Cells

Timelapse fluorescence microscopy is an important tool for measuring in vivo gene dynamics during cell differentiation, cell cycle, and circadian clocks. However, fluorescent proteins are limited by high cellular auto-fluorescence, photo-toxicity, and slow chromophore maturation times. This problem becomes acute when the goal is to measure multiple, weakly transcribed genes and faithfully track fast dynamics. A promising alternative is luciferase, which is an enzyme that produces photons from a chemical substrate and does not require a maturation step. The drawback is that photon flux is much lower than fluorescent proteins. To date, timelapse luminescence microscopy has been successfully used to track gene dynamics in larger organisms and/or for slower dynamics (i.e. circadian oscillation), where more total photons can be collected.We have designed novel green, yellow, and red beetle luciferases for optimized expression in budding yeast, a small eukaryote. By combining timelapse luminescence microscopy with a microfluidic device, we are able to track gene expression in single cells with one-minute time resolution. This is an order of magnitude faster than previous studies, and opens the door for tracking fast dynamics (e.g. cell cycle) in single-cell microbes.
High-level debugging assistance via optimizing compiler technology

A primary benefit of most software tools is either the prevention or the detection of human error in the development process. Languages, such as Pascal and Ada, have been designed with features such as strong typing to increase the amount of error detection that can be done by the compiler. Syntax directed editors [11] also decrease the opportunity for the introduction of human error.Our paper describes some of the debugging assistance which can be provided to a user during the transformation of a program by an optimizing compiler. Our premise is that the additional information obtained during optimization could warrant the sole use of optimizing compilers during software development.
Human Strategies for Coping with El Niño Related Drought in Amazônia

This article reports on findings of a research project examining farmers' coping strategies in the Brazilian Amazon in response to El Nino related weather events. We examine the extent of vulnerability of small and large farmers to these events in a tropical rainforest environment. Little attention has been given to the impact of ENSO events in Amazonia, despite evidence for devastating fires during ENSOs. Although we found a range of locally developed forecasting techniques and coping mechanisms, farmers have sustained significant losses, and we suggest that increased access to scientific forecasts would greatly enhance the ability of the farmers in our study area to cope with El Nino related weather events. In Amazonia the El Nino phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern leads to an extended period of reduced rainfall (Hobbs et al., 1998). This period of reduced rainfall can result in significant agricultural losses for farmers and ranchers in the area and in increased forest flammability. We have found that the majority of our study population uses several methods of forecasting, coping with, and adapting to drought events – and they recognize the economic losses they can experience and the loss of forests through the accidental spread of fire. The poorest farmers in our study area experience El Nino related drought events as a serious threat to their livelihoods. Their vulnerability is heightened during extreme climate events and our observations revealed that all of the farmers in our study would benefit from increased availability of improved forecast information relevant to their locality and their current farming strategies. This paper examines the availability and use of forecasts, the occurrence of accidental fires and techniques to prevent fire related losses, and the coping mechanisms for dealing with El Nino related drought in the agricultural regions surrounding the cities of Altamira and Santarem, in Para State, Brazil. Distribution of an El Nino Prediction Kit at the end of the study and a series of workshops may lead to better local information on rainfall variability and create a farmer-maintained grid of collecting stations to sensitize farmers to the variability of precipitation in the region, and on their property.
The Influence of Displacement Rate on Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Precracked Ductile Steel Specimens

Sustained load and rising displacement tests were performed on precracked specimens to investigate the environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) behavior of AISI 4340, σ0 = 1095 MPA (159 ksi), in flowing synthetic seawater. J-R resistance curves were generated in environment over four orders of magnitude in displacement rate and KIJ (from JIC ) from the slowest test was found to agree closely with the KIEAC (KISCC ) value determined from cantilever beam tests. Crack velocity data from the slowest rising displacement test and constant stroke—decreasing KI —tests fall on the same line suggesting that there is a unique a-KI curve for EAC in this system. A method is suggested to determine the displacement rate needed to obtain a good estimate of KIEAC from a rising displacement test.
Control of Metal Film Properties by Ion Assisted Deposition

Ion-assisted deposition allows for independent control of ion energy, ion flux, and adatom flux incident on the growing film. We describe herein general trends in property and structure modification of thin film metals using this technique.
Brief psychological training procedures in migraine treatment.

Abstract The current study evaluated the relative efficacy of several brief psychological interventions for migraine treatment. Sixty-six Ss were distributed among 6 groups: two with high hypnotically susceptible Ss, one of which used thermal imagery; two with low susceptible Ss, with one using thermal imagery; a biofeedback group; and a relaxation group. Ten additional Ss were in a 3-months waiting list group. Following baseline measures, treatment groups received 3 training sessions, each one week apart. Ss were instructed to engage in appropriate home practice daily and at headache onset for one year. Daily headache ratings and medication records provided dependent measures. Ss in the treatment groups showed significant decreases in headache frequency, intensity and medication. There were no differences between groups. No significant relationships between peripheral temperature alteration and procedure or dependent variables appeared. Psychological intervention using an hypnotic procedure, particularly...
The s-version of the finite element method

Abstract A methodology to improve the quality of the finite element calculations in the regions of unacceptable errors has been developed. Unlike the existing adaptive techniques, where either the mesh is refined ( h -version), or the polynomial order is increased ( p -version), or a combination of both ( h − p version), the s -version increases the resolution by superimposing additional mesh(es) of higher-order hierarchical elements. C 0 continuity of the displacement field is maintained by imposing homogeneous boundary conditions on the superimposed field in the portion of the boundary which is not contained within the boundary of the problem. The superimposed regions can be of arbitrary shape, unlimited by the problem geometry, boundary conditions and the underlying mesh topography. Numerical experiments for linear problems involving singularities and smooth solutions as well as the shear banding problem in viscoplastic solid, are presented to validate the present formulation.
RED BLOOD CELL MECHANICS AND FUNCTIONAL CAPILLARY DENSITY

The relationship between red blood cell mechanics and functional capillary density is examined. Experimental observations of capillary recruitment in skeletal muscle have shown sequential recruitment and derecruitment of capillaries fed by a single arteriole, implying that flow may cease in individual capillaries at small nonzero driving pressures. Such behavior is not expected in uniform blood-perfused tubes, but could occur when moving red cells encounter geometrical irregularities in capillaries. From known elastic properties of the red cell membrane, a lower bound is computed for the pressure required to sustain red cell motion in irregular capillaries. This may be an underestimate of the pressure required, because it neglects the viscous resistance of the red cell membrane when it undergoes transient deformations. Simulations including membrane viscosity show that viscous effects can substantially increase flow resistance. It is concluded that the mechanical properties of red blood cells can play a significant role in the modulation of functional capillary density.
ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON WOOD DENSITY IN A TROPICAL MONTANE RAIN FOREST

Mise en relation de la densite du bois des especes dominantes avec l'exposition au vent et l'aptitude a tolerer l'ombre dans une foret tropicale humide de basse montagne au Costa Rica. Consequences sur la sensibilite aux chablis, et sur l'aspect du peuplement
Abstract P4-10-02: Young Age Is Associated with Increased Risk of Local Recurrence Following Breast Conservation Surgery

Background Local recurrence after breast conservation surgery (BCS) varies with clinical risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate how local recurrence rates vary by patient age at time of BCS. Methods With IRB approval, all patients undergoing BCS for primary breast cancer between 1988 and 2001 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester were identified. Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Local recurrence-free survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations with local recurrence-free survival were evaluated using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results 3,075 patients underwent 3,143 BCS between 1988 and 2001. Mean age at BCS was 61 years (range 21-98). There were 177 (5.6%) patients aged On univariate analysis, patients DCIS was associated with an increased risk of local recurrence compared with T1, T2, T3, or T4 disease (HR 2.25; P Multivariate analysis of patients with complete data (n=2126) demonstrated that age Multivariable analysis of local recurrence after BCS Conclusion Risk factors for local recurrence after BCS include young age, node positivity, ER and PR negativity and absence of adjuvant radiation and endocrine therapy. Patients under age 40 are at increased risk of local recurrence following BCS for breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-02.
Cosmological Experiments in Superfluid Helium

Symmetry breaking phase transitions occurring in the early Universe are expected to leave behind long-lived topologically stable structures such as monopoles, strings or domain walls1–6. Here I discuss the analogy between cosmological strings and vortex lines in the superfluid, and suggest a cryogenic experiment which tests key elements of the cosmological scenario for string formation. In a superfluid obtained through a rapid pressure quench, the phase of the Bose condensate wavefunction—the 4He analogue of the broken symmetry of the field-theoretic vacuum—will be chosen randomly in domains of some characteristic size d. When the quench is performed in an annulus of circumference C the typical value of the phase mismatch around the loop will be ∼(C/d)1/2. The resulting phase gradient can foe sufficiently large to cause the superfluid to flow with a measurable (mm s−1), randomly directed velocity.
SIMPLE STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SEQUENCE-SELECTIVE PEPTIDE RECEPTORS? TRIPEPTIDE BINDING BY A PODAND IONOPHORE

A simple, dye(R)-labeled and conformationally restricted ionophore 2 was prepared and screened for peptide binding using solid-supported combinatorial libraries of 24 389 protected and unprotected tripeptides. The ionophore was found generally to bind unhindered cationic peptides having arginines or N-terminal glycines. The podand was particularly selective in the case of unprotected tripeptides and was able to selectively bind a single tripeptide (l-Arg-l-Phe-d-Asp) from the unprotected ∼24000-member tripeptide library. These results indicate that relatively simple organic molecules can make highly sequence-selective receptors for tripeptides. Structural features of such receptors are discussed.
Why franchise companies expand overseas

Abstract Business format franchising is becoming an increasingly international activity. From 1971 to 1985, U.S. franchisors added foreign outlets at a rate of 17% per year, almost twice as fast as they added domestic outlets (Aydin and Kacker 1990). As a result, by 1990 more than 350 U.S. companies had more than 32,000 franchised outlets overseas. By 2000, 60% of all franchisors in the United States are expected to have outlets overseas (Hoffman and Preble 1993). This study examines the 815 largest U.S. franchisors to understand what capabilities encourage them to expand overseas. It finds that the key capability that predicts the intent to expand overseas is superior capability to reduce franchisee opportunism. Franchisors who seek foreign franchisees have developed a greater capability to bond against and monitor potential franchisee opportunism. The data show that these differences are consistent across all industries in which franchising takes place. The results of this study indicate that foreign entrepreneurs can identify the American franchisors most likely to expand overseas by looking at their pricing structure and their monitoring capabilities. The easy identification of characteristics from which to find American franchisors will help to reduce the search costs of potential foreign franchisees. This reduction in search costs will make the establishment of international franchise relationships less expensive. This study also provides guidance to franchisors interested in expanding overseas. The results show how franchisors can structure their franchise relationships to reduce potential franchisee opportunism. This ability to reduce franchisee opportunism will make it easier for franchisors to enter high-growth foreign markets using the franchising business mode. This study also has implications for researchers. It suggests that international business research examine further the mechanisms by which firms make contractual modes of international business work. Whereas many firms may internalize international market transactions under conditions likely to lead to market failure, the large number of franchisors who use franchising as an international expansion mode despite conditions of market failure suggests that more attention be paid to mechanisms that companies can use to reduce the probability of failure of international contractual transactions. By helping to explain how franchisors monitor foreign franchisees or bond them against opportunistic behavior, this study suggests that the international business literature develop a more complex understanding of the workings of international business transactions than the simple choice of internalization or contractual entry modes.
Selective flocculation of hematite in the hematite-quartz-ferric ion-polyacrylic acid system. Part 1, activation and deactivation of quartz

Abstract This investigation has shown that quartz can be activated for polyacrylic acid adsorption by hydrolyzing metal cations, similar to activation in flotation. Detailed experiments on activation phenomena with ferric ions have been performed. The flocculation of activated quartz can be prevented by suitable additions of disodium EDTA, sodium hexametaphosphate or potassium fluoride. Selective flocculation of hematite with polyacrylic acid from a hematite/quartz mixture can be achieved in the pH range 3 to 9, but the process is not selective in the presence of ferric ions. Suitable additions of EDTA or KF are particularly successful in preventing quartz activation by ferric ions and the facilitating selective flocculation of hematite in artificial mixtures of quartz and hematite.
A method for estimating physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT)

Presently available tests of physical working capacity (PWC) such as [Vdot]O2max and critical power may not be appropriate for unfit subjects because they require maximal or supramaximal workloads. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate a submaximal discontinuous incremental bicycle ergometer test (PWCFT) with an end point (fatigue threshold) determined by recording electromyographic (EMG) fatigue curves in the quadriceps muscle. The fatigue threshold was defined as the lowest workload producing a slope of the EMG voltage-time relation that was significantly different from zero slope at p<0.05 (single tail). The test-re-test reproducibility of PWCFT (n=17 subjects) was found to be r = 0.947, with no significant difference between trials. Thirty-two healthy male subjects aged 18-29 (mean 23-4 ± 31 years) whose fitness levels ranged from highly trained to untrained sedentary level were tested for PWCFT, lactate threshold (OBLA), percentage heart rate range at PWCFT (%HRR), and heart rate-workl...
Static and time-resolved 10-1000 keV x-ray imaging detector options for NIF

High energy (>10 keV) x-ray self-emission imaging and radiography will be essential components of many NIF high energy density physics experiments. In preparation for such experiments, we have evaluated the pros and cons of various static [x-ray film, bare charge-coupled device (CCD), and scintillator + CCD] and time-resolved (streaked and gated) 10–1000 keV detectors.
The Moon and the Ghetto revisited

While over the past two centuries technological advance has enabled remarkable increases in worker productivity and the general standard of living of much of the world's population, progress has been much greater in certain industries and areas of human need than in others. For example, while great advances have been made in preventing or curing a wide range of diseases that used to be killing or crippling, there has been little progress made in how we go about educating children. And today there are many challenges for humankind where new technology is much needed, but thus far has been hard to achieve; dealing with global warming is a prime example. This essay is concerned with identifying the reasons for the very uneven technological progress that has been made thus far, and exploring how progress might be increased in areas of great need where progress to date has been very slight. The concept of an innovation system, which Lundvall has been prominent in developing, plays a central role in the analysis. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
An adaptive memory management protocol for Time Warp parallel simulation

It is widely believed that Time Warp is prone to two potential problems: an excessive amount of wasted, rolled back computation resulting from “rollback thrashing” behaviors, and inefficient use of memory, leading to poor performance of virtual memory and/or multiprocessor cache systems. An adaptive mechanism is proposed based on the Cancelback memory management protocol that dynamically controls the amount of memory used in the simulation in order to maximize performance. The proposed mechanism is adaptive in the sense that it monitors the execution of the Time Warp program, automatically adjusts the amount of memory used to reduce Time Warp overheads (fossil collection, Cancelback, the amount of rolled back computation, etc.) to a manageable level. The mechanism is based on a model that characterizes the behavior of Time Warp programs in terms of the flow of memory buffers among different buffer pools. We demonstrate that an implementation of the adaptive mechanism on a Kendall Square Research KSR-1 multiprocessor is effective in automatically maximizing performance while minimizing memory utilization of Time Warp programs, even for dynamically changing simulation models.
Biosynthesis of cat hemoglobins A and B: Amino terminal acetylation of the β chain of HbB

Abstract Acetylation of the amino terminal serine of the β chains of cat HbB occurs during synthesis of hemoglobin in a mRNA dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate protein synthesizing system in the presence of acetyl-CoA and cat reticulocyte mRNA. Both of the major cat hemoglobins, the nonacetylated HbA and acetylated HbB, are synthesized efficiently in the rabbit lysate system. The acetylation of HbB-β chains occurs during the biosynthesis of these proteins. Radioautography of tryptic peptide maps reveals that acetylation occurs specifically at the amino terminal serine of HbB-β globin, and not on HbA-β globin or on the α chain common to both hemoglobins A and B. Because of the similarity of the structures of HbA-β and HbB-β globin, it is suggested that the amino terminal residue determines whether the peptide chain is recognized for acetylation by a ribosomal acetyltransferase.
Effect of Growth Hormone on Temporal Muscle of the Guinea Pig.

SummaryAn anterior pituitary growth hormone preparation containing some thyrotrophic hormone produced a small increase in size of the temporal muscle of the castrated male guinea pig accompanied by a parallel increase in the accessory sex organs.
JAZ (Znf346), a SIRT1-interacting Protein, Protects Neurons by Stimulating p21 (WAF/CIP1) Protein Expression

SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase, protects neurons in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. We previously described that neuroprotection by SIRT1 is independent of its catalytic activity. To elucidate how SIRT1 protects neurons, we performed a mass spectrometric screen to find SIRT1-interacting proteins. One of the proteins identified was JAZ (Znf346), a member of a new class of Cys-2–His-2 zinc finger proteins. To investigate the significance of JAZ in the regulation of neuronal survival, we overexpressed it in neurons. We found that JAZ protects cerebellar granule neurons against potassium deprivation-induced death and cortical neurons from death resulting from oxidative stress. JAZ also protects neurons against toxicity induced by mutant huntingtin and mutant ataxin-1 expression. Although expression of endogenous JAZ does not change in neurons primed to die, knockdown of its expression promotes death of otherwise healthy neurons. In contrast to its protective effect in neurons, overexpression of JAZ in different cell lines promotes death. We find that JAZ suppresses cell cycle progression, thereby explaining its contrasting effect in postmitotic neurons versus proliferating cell lines. Although not affecting the expression of several cyclins, overexpression of JAZ stimulates expression of p21 (WAF1/CIP1), a cell cycle inhibitor known to have neuroprotective effects. Results of chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptional assays indicate that the stimulatory effect of JAZ on p21 expression is mediated at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, knockdown of p21 expression inhibits the neuroprotective effect of JAZ. Together, our results suggest that JAZ protects neurons by inhibiting cell cycle re-entry through the transcriptional stimulation of p21 expression.
Enhanced bronchoalveolar lavage mast cells histamine releasability in allergic dogs with and without airway hyperresponsiveness.

Abstract To determine if mast cells from the airway lumen of Basenji-greyhound (BG) dogs differ functionally from mast cells of control dogs, we compared spontaneous release and A 23187-induced and CS-induced histamine release from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 14 BG and five allergic and five nonallergic control dogs. No dog received antigen, agonist, or therapeutic aerosols for 4 weeks before BAL. The fluid recovered was centrifuged, and the number of mast cells was quantitated. Aliquots containing equal numbers of mast cells were incubated with A 23187 or C5 for 30 minutes, and histamine release was measured by an automated fluorometric method. Spontaneous release, A 23187-induced release, C5-induced release, and total histamine content per mast cell were calculated. The total amount of histamine per mast cell was not significantly different in BGs and allergic and nonallergic control dogs. Mast cells obtained by BAL released histamine to A 23187 and C5 in a dose-related manner. Spontaneous histamine release and A 23187-induced histamine release was significantly greater in BGs and allergic control dogs compared to nonallergic control dogs. C5-induced histamine release was significantly greater in BGs than in allergic as well as nonallergic control dogs. These data suggest that BAL mast cell histamine releasability must be defined with respect to each stimulus and that mast cells obtained from BAL from control dogs differ with respect to histamine releasability from mast cells of allergic dogs with and without airway hyperresponsiveness. This study suggests that mast cells obtained from BAL can be used to study mast cell function in the control and the allergic state.
Decentralized control of linear time-varying nested systems with ℌ ∞ -type performance

This paper considers the decentralized control of a nested linear time-varying (LTV) discrete-time system using a nested LTV controller for an l 2 -induced norm performance criteria. An operator theoretic approach is used to obtain exact conditions for the feasibility of structured linear controller synthesis. These include conditions for the completion of scaling matrices obtained through an updated matrix completion lemma. When individual controller dimensions are chosen at least as large as the plant, these conditions reduce to convex inequalities coupled over time. The completion lemma also provides an algorithm to complete the closed loop scaling matrices leading to inequalities for controller synthesis.
Digital Subtraction Carotid Angiography and Retinal Arterial Obstruction

Thirty-one consecutive patients with retinal arterial obstruction were studied with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Among the 29 patients in whom DSA was technically acceptable, 45% (13/29) demonstrated evidence of carotid stenosis or an atherosclerotic plaque ipsilateral to the eye with the retinal arterial obstruction. In 21% of cases (6/29 patients) the stenosis was 60% or greater. The incidences of carotid atherosclerosis were similar among the central and branch retinal arterial groups.
Old-Age Income Security and Private Transfers in South Korea

We examined the relative contributions of government income support programs and familial transfers to old-age income security in Korea. This issue is critical, as policy reforms are in progress, and the potential crowding-out effect of government programs on familial transfer is at the center of heated debate. Using the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, we found that one-third of the elderly were poor and the contribution of public transfer to income security for the elderly was limited, whereas family, especially children, played a large role both by co-residing and through private transfers. Crowding out is less of a problem for the poor but a sensitive issue for middle-income families.
Charting the Course of Improved Health for Children in Foster Care.

’While the current literature provides ample evidence to support the need for significant health care delivery reforms to improve access, establish coordination of care, and ensure stability and consistency of the health care to children and adolescents in foster care during this transition period, there
Study on the Automatic Recognition of Oceanic Eddies in Satellite Images by Ellipse Center Detection—The Iberian Coast Case

Ellipse detection has been presented several times in scientific literature as a potential method for finding eddies in satellite images because eddies may be roughly approximated by ellipses. In this paper, therefore, we describe a new eddy detector based on ellipse detection. The detector is capable of finding several eddies per satellite image, an ability not demonstrated for previously reported eddy detectors based on ellipse detection in the morphology of binary images. One important characteristic of this paper is the determination of the method's classification efficiency using a considerable number of eddies; such a determination has been rarely performed in the scientific literature on eddy detection. The developed detector finds ellipse centers using geometrical properties of ellipses. To the best of the author's knowledge, the proposed method has never been applied to eddy detection. The low value of the maximum temperature gradient of the eddies off the Iberian Peninsula (0.52degC/pixel) complicates the application of the detection method because it raises difficulties in outlining the eddies and induces large amounts of noise in the binary images from which the eddies are detected. The values of each parameter in the developed system were equal for the images analyzed, which suggests that the application of the proposed system to large numbers of images is simple. The author did not find any method applicable to the present case in the scientific literature whose classification efficiencies, assessed on complete images or a considerable number of eddies, were better than those reported here.
Power generation management under time-varying power and demand conditions

A multi-period optimal power dispatching problem is considered for a network of energy utilities connected via multiple transmission lines, where the goal is to find the lowest operational-cost dispatching of diverse generation sources to satisfy demand over a time horizon comprised of multiple periods, and consisting of varying power and demand conditions. Our model captures various interactions among the time-varying periods including which generators should be allocated, when they should be brought into use, and the operational costs associated with each. An efficient algorithm is derived that exploits the structure inherent in this multi-period economic dispatch problem. The control options of our optimization model consist of the dispatching order and dispatching amount of available power generators. Our solutions are shown to be globally optimal under conditions that often arise in practice. Numerical experiments based on these solutions and analysis are presented to illustrate our findings.
Highlighting Violent and Repetitive Shaking

Recent court decisions in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom have demonstrated confusion and uncertainty by the triers of fact, whether they be judges or juries, about the evidence presented in cases of alleged abusive head trauma. It is not surprising that judges and juries have a difficult time understanding and evaluating the evidence presented by the opposing sides of these courtroom arguments. Complicated scientific discourse by “dueling experts” who offer diametrically opposite views of the medical issues at hand cloud the issues even more. Efforts to define the admissibility of expert testimony by the courts have taken place. One such effort is the Daubert hearing,1 wherein the court attempts to determine if a theory that is being presented is generally accepted, whether it can be tested, and whether the theory depends on peer-reviewed publications, among other things. However, the Daubert hearing allows for wide interpretation by the courts, and it has limited usefulness in excluding those who would give irresponsible medical testimony. One of the medicolegal arguments in cases of abusive head trauma has been whether shaking an infant, in the absence of an impact, creates sufficient forces to produce all the classic injuries associated with abusive head trauma. … Address correspondence to Robert M. Reece, MD, Box 351, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111. E-mail: rmreece{at}gmail.com
The CoREST/REST Repressor Is both Necessary and Inimical for Expression of Herpes Simplex Virus Genes

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes three sets of genes, α, β, and γ, whose expression is sequentially ordered in a cascade fashion. The transactivators of α genes comprise virion protein 16 (VP16) and the cellular proteins octamer binding protein 1 (Oct1) and host factor 1 (HCF1). Efficient transition from α to β gene expression requires the α protein ICP0 (infected cell protein 0). Earlier studies have shown that this protein binds to CoREST and displaces HDAC1 from the CoREST/REST/lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) repressor complex. Ultimately, the components of the repressor complex are translocated at least in part into the cytoplasm. A key event in activation of α genes is the recruitment of LSD1 to demethylate histones bound to the α gene promoters. LSD1 is unstable in the absence of its partner, CoREST, and raises the question of whether both CoREST and REST are involved in the initiation of transcription of the α genes. Here we show that CoREST or REST small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) destabilize CoREST, REST, LSD1, and Sin3A, another component of the repressor complex. In cells transfected with REST or CoREST siRNA, the accumulation of α proteins and mRNAs is delayed in comparison to those of mock-transfected or control siRNA-transfected cells. The LSD1/CoREST/REST compressor complex is thus sequentially necessary and subsequently inimical for viral gene expression. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is globally regulated at the following four checkpoints: (i) the activation of α (immediate-early) genes, (ii) the point of transition from α to β and γ gene expression, (iii) the silencing of viral genes for the establishment of the latent state, and (iv) the reactivation of viral genes on termination of latency. Earlier studies showed that the transition from α to β and γ gene expression involves the suppression of the HDAC1/lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1)/CoREST/REST (HLCR) repressor complex. More recently, this laboratory reported evidence suggesting that in sensory neurons, HSV-1 hijacks the HLCR complex to silence itself for the establishment of latency. This report extends the observation that LSD1 is required for expression of the α genes to show that the HLCR complex is involved in this process. Thus, HSV-1 has evolved an intimate relationship with the HCLR complex to regulate its gene expression and, by extension, its fundamental interactions with its human host.
Pegasys — a proposed internal target spectrometer facility for the PEP storage ring

Abstract A proposal for an internal gas-jet target and forward spectrometer for the PEP storage ring is described. The beam structure, allowable luminosity (l = 1033cm−2s−1 for H2, D2 decreasing as Z−1.75 for nuclear targets) and energy (Ee ≦ 15 GeV) make the ring ideal for multiparticle coincidence studies in the scaling regime, where perturbative QCD may be an apt description of some exclusive and semi-inclusive reactions.
Comparison of constraint-induced movement therapy and bilateral treatment of equal intensity in people with chronic upper-extremity dysfunction after cerebrovascular accident.

OBJECTIVE. We compared the effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) with bilateral treatment of equal intensity for chronic upper-extremity (UE) dysfunction caused by cerebrovascular accident (CVA). DESIGN. We conducted a 2-group, randomized intervention trial with stratification by severity of UE dysfunction. Twelve community-dwelling adults were provided with 6 hr of occupational therapy for 10 days plus additional home practice. Six participants wore a mitt on the unimpaired UE, and 6 participants were intrusively and repetitively cued to use both UEs. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) were administered before and after treatment and at 6-mo follow-up. RESULTS. Significant improvements were found in WMFT and COPM scores across time in both groups. No significant between-group differences were found on the WMFT. CONCLUSION. High-intensity occupational therapy using a CIMT or a bilateral approach can improve UE function in people with chronic UE dysfunction after CVA. Treatment intensity rather than restraint may be the critical therapeutic factor.
Perceived Stigma and Help-Seeking Behavior: Longitudinal Evidence From the Healthy Minds Study

Objective Despite considerable policy interest in the association between perceived public stigmatization of mental illness and use of mental health services, limited empirical evidence, particularly from longitudinal data, documents this relationship. This study used longitudinal data to estimate the association between perceived public stigmatization and subsequent mental health care seeking. Methods: A Web-based survey was used to collect data from a random sample of undergraduate and graduate students at a university at baseline and two years later (N=732). Logistic regression models assessed the association between students’ perceived public stigma at baseline and measures of subsequent help seeking for mental health problems (perceived need for help and use of mental health services) at follow-up. Results: No significant associations were found between perceived public stigma and help-seeking behavior over the two-year period. Conclusions: In this population of college students, perceived stigma did not appear to pose a substantial barrier to mental health care.
Expression Profiling of the Solute Carrier Gene Family in the Mouse Brain

The solute carrier (Slc) superfamily is a major group of membrane transport proteins present in mammalian cells. Although Slc transporters play essential and diverse roles in the central nervous system, the localization and function of the vast majority of Slc genes in the mammalian brain are largely unknown. Using high-throughput in situ hybridization data generated by the Allen Brain Atlas, we systematically and quantitatively analyzed the spatial and cellular distribution of 307 Slc genes, which represent nearly 90% of presently known mouse Slc genes, in the adult C57BL/6J mouse brain. Our analysis showed that 252 (82%) of the 307 Slc genes are present in the brain, and a large proportion of these genes were detected at low to moderate expression levels. Evaluation of 20 anatomical brain subdivisions demonstrated a comparable level of Slc gene complexity but significant difference in transcript enrichment. The distribution of the expressed Slc genes was diverse, ranging from near-ubiquitous to highly localized. Functional annotation in 20 brain regions, including the blood-brain and blood-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) barriers, suggests major roles of Slc transporters in supporting brain energy utilization, neurotransmission, nutrient supply, and CSF production. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed intricate Slc expression patterns associated with neuroanatomical organization. Our studies also revealed Slc genes present within defined brain microstructures and described the putative cell types expressing individual Slc genes. These results provide a useful resource for investigators to explore the roles of Slc genes in neurophysiological and pathological processes.
Influence of Parental SUD and ADHD on ADHD in their Offspring: Preliminary Results from a Pilot-controlled Family Study

As part of a pilot-controlled family-based study of the children of parents with and without substance use disorders (SUD), the influence of parental SUD and ADHD on the risk for ADHD in offspring was evaluated. Using structured psychiatric interviews, 96 families (183 youth; mean age 11.6 years) were assessed. To evaluate the effect of parental ADHD and SUD, the offspring were stratified into four groups based on parental status: children of parents with neither ADHD nor SUD, children of parents with SUD only, children of parents with ADHD only, and children of parents with both ADHD and SUD. Using generalized estimating equation models, parental SUD and ADHD were used to predict ADHD in the offspring. The rate of children with ADHD increased among children of parents with neither disorder (3%), children of parents with SUD (13%), children of parents with ADHD (25%), and children of parents with both ADHD and SUD (50%) (p = .001). Children of parents with ADHD or ADHD plus SUD were more likely to have ADHD in comparison to children of parents with neither diagnosis (p < 0.05). Children of parents with ADHD plus SUD were at greater risk of ADHD in comparison to children of parents with SUD only (p = 0.01). Despite the small sample size, the results of this study seem to suggest that the offspring of SUD or ADHD parents are at elevated risk for ADHD compared to controls. The offspring of parents with both ADHD and SUD appear to be at the highest risk for ADHD, highlighting the need for careful screening of this group of youth for ADHD. Replication studies clarifying the nature and strength of the association are necessary.
Searching for type-error messages

Advanced type systems often need some form of type inference to reduce the burden of explicit typing, but type inference often leads to poor error messages for ill-typed programs. This work pursues a new approach to constructing compilers and presenting type-error messages in which the type-checker itself does not produce the messages. Instead, it is an oracle for a search procedure that finds similar programs that do type-check. Our two-fold goal is to improve error messages while simplifying compiler construction. Our primary implementation and evaluation is for Caml, a language with full type inference. We also present a prototype for C++ template functions, where type instantiation is implicit. A key extension is making our approach robust even when the program has multiple independent type errors.
DOMINANCE, GHETTOS, AND VIOLENT CRIME

Across the minor communities that comprise the heart of our larger corporal communities, the problem of violent crime expresses itself in characteristically different ways. All violent crime is a by-product of the struggle for domination that occurs in one form or another among all types of people in every type of minor community. However, the predominant individual type that inhabits a minor community varies along with a minor community's prevailing norm for settling dominance disputes and, in turn, the severity of its violent crime problem. In “malignant” minor communities, the ultraviolent and violent people are the predominant individual types, the prevailing norm for settling disputes over dominance is the proverbial “tooth and claw” and violent crime is rampant. In “civil” minor communities, the predominant individual types are the marginally violent person and pacifist; the prevailing norm for settling dominance disputes involves a variety of nonviolent tactics; and violent crimes are a rarity. In ...