cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A note on the effect of financial development on economic growth

A common result from the literature has been a positive monotonic effect of financial development on growth. This article presents an empirical investigation of the financial development–economic growth relationship by estimating a variant model to those in Levine et al. (2000) while allowing for the coefficient on the financial development index to vary by the level of financial development. Using dynamic panel techniques, coefficient estimates suggest that the exogenous component of financial development has a positive effect on economic growth and does not vary with the level of financial development.
Cortical thinning and hydrocephalus in mice lacking the immunoglobulin superfamily member CDO

CDO is a cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily member that positively regulates myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo and signals to posttranslationally activate myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The Cdo gene is also expressed in the dorsal aspect and midline structures of the developing central nervous system, and mice lacking CDO on the C57BL/6 background display holoprosencephaly with approximately 80% penetrance, resulting in perinatal lethality. We report here that a fraction of Cdo-/- mice from this background have additional defects in brain development, including hydrocephalus and cortical thinning. Primary neural progenitor cultures from E14.5 Cdo-/- mutants display reduced proliferation, which may underlie the thinning. The cortical preplate and cortices of mutant animals also show reduced staining for beta-tubulin III, indicating defective neuronal differentiation. CDO levels are strongly increased in cultured C17.2 neuronal precursor cells stimulated to differentiate; modulation of CDO levels in these cells by overexpression or interfering RNA approaches enhances or diminishes differentiation, respectively. Cotransfection of CDO enhances the activity of the neurogenic bHLH factor, neurogenin1, in reporter assays and enhances heterodimerization of neurogenin1 and E47. These results indicate that CDO promotes neuronal differentiation and support the hypothesis that CDO coordinates differentiation of multiple cell lineages by regulating the activity of tissue-specific bHLH factors.
The Anatomical Evaluation of the Dental Arches Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography – A Pilot Investigation of the Availability of Bone for Placement of Mini-implants in Class I Patients

Objective: To access the amount of maxillary and mandibular interradicular bone and determine the most reliable implant sites. Methods: 24 (12 female, 12 male, aged 16 to 32) Cone beam computed tomography records were obtained, mesiodistal direction measurements were made at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm heights from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) through axial slices. Results: In both maxillary and mandibular arch, the inter-radicular space increased in the apical direction except between the upper first and second molar. The bone space exceeds 3.2mm located at regions between central incisors, lateral incisor and canine, canine and first premolar, first and second premolars, second premolar and first molar (maxilla); first and second premolars, first and second molars, second premolar and first molar (mandible). Conclusion: The regions that were not ideal for mini-implants insertion included areas between central and lateral incisors or molars (maxilla); regions between incisors and canines (mandible). The residual regions between teeth are proper for implantation at heights of 2, 3 or 5 mm above CEJ.
Brain-Mapping Techniques for Evaluating Poststroke Recovery and Rehabilitation: A Review

Brain-mapping techniques have proven to be vital in understanding the molecular, cellular, and functional mechanisms of recovery after stroke. This article briefly summarizes the current molecular and functional concepts of stroke recovery and addresses how various neuroimaging techniques can be used to observe these changes. The authors provide an overview of various techniques including diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), ligand-based positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) PET and SPECT, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Discussion in the context of poststroke recovery research informs about the applications and limitations of the techniques in the area of rehabilitation research. The authors also provide suggestions on using these techniques in tandem to more thoroughly address the outstanding questions in the field.
Artificial Urinary Sphincter in Patients Following Major Pelvic Surgery and/or Radiotherapy: Are They Less Favorable Candidates?

AbstractBetween January 1988 and December 1992 the AMS800* *American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, Minnesota. artificial urinary sphincter was inserted in 81 men with urinary incontinence due to major pelvic surgery and/or radiation therapy. Radical retropubic prostatectomy had been performed in 38 men, radical retropubic prostatectomy with adjuvant radiation in 28, definitive radiation therapy for prostatic carcinoma in 5, abdominoperineal resection with adjuvant radiation in 1 and radical cystectomy with orthotopic urinary diversion in 8, while 1 suffered major pelvic trauma with urethral rupture. A bulbar urethral cuff was used exclusively, with pressure regulating balloons of 51 to 60 and 61 to 70 cm. water. The interval for primary activation ranged from 4 to 12 weeks (mean 7.7), with all irradiated patients waiting 12 weeks. Surgical revision was required in 38 percent of the patients totaling 43 operations. Inadequate cuff compression after presumed urethral atrophy secondary to hypovascularity acco...
Heparin-induced platelet activation: the role of thromboxane A2 synthesis and the extent of platelet granule release in two patients.

Abstract Heparin-induced thrombosis is due to an immune-mediated activation of circulating platelets and has significant clinical implications for patients with vascular disease. The purpose of this article was (1) to define the biochemical mechanisms of heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) and (2) to determine the relationship between thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2 ) synthesis and platelet granule release. In two patients with confirmed HIPA, heparin (3 U/ml) induced extensive platelet aggregation (61.5 %), release of 14 C-serotonin (81.5% of releasable 14 C-serotonin, a dense granule marker) and platelet factor 4 (63.7% of releasable platelet factor 4, an alpha granule marker) and generation of TxB 2 , a stable metabolite of TxA 2 (100% relative to serum control). In one patient heparin did not induce release of n -acetyl-β-glucosaminadase ( N -AC, a lysosomal granule marker), and aspirin (4 mmol/L), which abolished TxA 2 synthesis, prevented aggregation and granule release. In the second patient heparin did induce release of N -AC (39.7% of releasable N -AC) and aspirin, despite abolishing TxA 2 synthesis, did not prevent aggregation or granule release. In contrast, by elevating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, iloprost (0.01 μmol/L), a stable prostacyclin analogue, prevented heparin-induced aggregation, granule release, and TxB 2 generation in both patients. Thus we show (1) HIPA can proceed independently of TxA 2 synthesis; (2) heparin in certain patients can release lysosomal hydrolases, thus mimicking strong platelet agonists such as thrombin; and (3) iloprost but not aspirin prevents HIPA regardless of the biochemical pathways involved. (J Vasc Surg 1989;9:574–9.)
P/Q‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel antibodies in paraneoplastic disorders of the central nervous system

Whether P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibodies are present in the serum of patients with paraneoplastic syndromes other than the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and tumors other than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is controversial. Using a commercially available radioimmunoprecipitation assay kit, we examined the sera of 93 patients with paraneoplastic syndromes of the central nervous system (CNS), including 27 patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) associated with tumors other than SCLC and 66 SCLC patients with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and sensory neuronopathy (PEM/SN). All PCD sera from patients with tumors other than SCLC were negative for P/Q-type VGCC antibodies. Eight of 66 (12%) SCLC patients with PEM/SN had P/Q-type VGCC antibodies; 4 had LEMS and the other 4 had no symptoms of LEMS or they were overlooked and, therefore, not examined electrophysiologically. In patients with paraneoplastic syndromes of the CNS, the detection of P/Q-type VGCC antibodies supports the diagnosis of LEMS; in our series, only 6% of patients with SCLC and PEM/SN may have had a false positive antibody result, or undiagnosed LEMS.
French Entrepreneurship and Industrial Growth in the Nineteenth Century

The study of French enterprise and entrepreneurship is rewarding for two major reasons. In the first place, anything that will help explain the present weakness of French industry and commerce throws light in turn on one of the most important political phenomena of the last 150 years: the fall of France from hegemony under Napoleon to the position she holds today. Secondly, the history of French business and businessmen is significant precisely because of France's relatively minor place in the economic world. If we are to weigh the validity of the recent emphasis of theorists on the role of the entrepreneur qua se in the over-all process of economic change—on the contribution of the personal element to the impersonal operation of the system—we must consider not only the more “modern” nations but those less industrialized as well. It will not suffice to study the progress of American or German business and deduce therefrom impressive theories on the importance of the businessman. The converse must also be examined: To what extent are certain attitudes and values inimical to the development of enterprise ? Or concretely in the case of France, to what extent have the character and mentality of the French financier, industrialist, or merchant been responsible for the relatively retarded status of the country's economy ?
Implications of Schemata Theory for Learning Disabled Readers

Reading disability is not a unitary phenomenon, and the actual causes of difficulty in learning to read vary. Efficient reading requires the acquisition and integration of different skills at different points in the reading process. There are some poor readers who acquire word recognition skills but seem unable to comprehend what they read. The transitional reader who is experiencing difficulties with reading comprehension may not have developed those cognitive strategies that are necessary for the effective processing of written material. Recognizing the specific performance deficits of a disabled reader and the processes that may be implicated in the disability is critical for the development of relevant instructional interventions.
Labor Struggles, New Social Movements, and America's Favorite Pastime: New York Workers Take On New Era Cap Company

Contemporary economic globalization, which is driven and regulated primarily by multinational corporations, has a direct impact on workers' lives. Trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) tend to be controlled by corporate interests in the wealthy, industrialized nations. Those countries set the agenda to protect the interests of foreign investors and facilitate the mobility of capital, but they do little to protect the interests of labor. In response, workers in both the global North and South have been forced to rely on their own individual efforts to protect themselves against unfair labor practices. This article presents an in-depth analysis of a successful worker strike against New Era Cap Company in upstate New York. The research builds on interviews with union leaders, directors of nongovernmental organizations and other community groups, and high school and college students who participated in the struggle. The author situates this analysis within a social movement ...
Surface Flashover under RF and Unipolar Excitation at Atmospheric Conditions

Flashover along insulators or insulating support structures has to be carefully addressed in the design of any dc, ac, or pulsed high voltage device. Although there is a large body of data on unipolar surface flashover in the atmosphere, which has led to empirical design rules primarily for the power distribution industry, the physics of the involved processes is widely unknown. The major limiting factor in the transmission of High Power Microwaves (HPM) into the atmosphere has been the vacuum-air interface. Both the unipolar and HPM surface flashover cases have been studied under vacuum conditions and have been found to have the same dominant mechanisms. Similarities between HPM window flashover on the air side and unipolar flashover are observed in an atmospheric environment as well.
Understanding Preservice Teachers’ Curricular Knowledge

The overall purpose of our work is to document the range of preservice teachers’ (PSTs’) curricular knowledge (Shulman, Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2):4–14, 1986) and curriculum use practices. In this chapter, we present PSTs’ responses to a set of questions that elicited their knowledge and practices for reading, evaluating, and adapting a standards-based curriculum lesson. The questions are related to the goals and purposes of the lesson, the strengths and weaknesses of the lesson, and possible changes to the lesson. Our findings about the range of PSTs’ responses to the questions contributed to a preliminary curriculum use trajectory and are intended to help researchers further develop the constructs of curriculum use and curricular knowledge.
Renewing the Commitments of Feminist Public Relations Theory From Velvet Ghetto to Social Justice

Feminist scholarship in public relations thrives. This work, however, tends to focus on practitioners, relies mostly on liberal and radical feminisms, adopts sociological and sometimes psychological models of gender, and remains too White and too first world. To update this impressive body of work, I recommend several theoretical adjustments: First, reclaim Lana Rakow's communication model of gender as performative to accommodate embodiment and multiple fluid identifications across context and time. Second, define diverse women through intersectionality and interstitiality as method and habit to get past the paradoxes of binary difference. Third, build on equality goals to encompass social justice goals that expand and serve the mission of public relations beyond the organization. Last, I illustrate these theoretical moves by way of transnational, third space, and Womanist feminisms in terms of the commitments of feminist public relations theory.
Evaluating Unsupervised Ensembles when applied to Word Sense Induction

Ensembles combine knowledge from distinct machine learning approaches into a general flexible system. While supervised ensembles frequently show great benefit, unsupervised ensembles prove to be more challenging. We propose evaluating various unsupervised ensembles when applied to the unsupervised task of Word Sense Induction with a framework for combining diverse feature spaces and clustering algorithms. We evaluate our system using standard shared tasks and also introduce new automated semantic evaluations and supervised baselines, both of which highlight the current limitations of existing Word Sense Induction evaluations.
God and the Possible Nuclear Annihilation of Israel

Why did God permit the Holocaust has long perplexed scholars, clergy, and laypersons. Iran’s possible nuclear annihilation of Israel has sparked renewed interest in God’s relationship to Jews. After presenting two possible explanations of evil, the traditional view of an all-powerful just God or an absence of the Divine, the essay offers a more nuanced view of the Eternal, as One Who is all-good, caring and sharing in human suffering, but not all-powerful. The essay urges humans to be active partners with God, not passively accepting events.
Cult Conversions and the Courts: Some Ethical Issues in Academic Expert Testimony

Scholars of religious traditions and behaviors recognize the multiple interpretations that can be given to any religious group, symbol, or action. Students of New Religious Movements in particular are aware of the myriad ways such groups behave as they organize themselves in ever-changing social and institutional structures. How then are scholars who are aware of the conflicting information or nuances of interpretations of NRMs to answer when placed in the role of an expert witness in a court of law where the process is adversarial and the issues are reduced to absolutist black and white portraits and the answers demanded are yes or no? In a broader sense, how should scholars react to public questions about the cults from parents, the media, or anti-cultists that would require divulging negative information often discovered in the confidence of research relationships? These and other such ethical questions are addressed in this essay with examples taken from eight years of research among the Hare Krishnas in America and three instances of serving as an expert witness in cult trials. One important conclusion reached is that it is important who gets to define what is a religion or authentic conversion and that academic experts may well contribute to the absolutism of the courtroom in their close adherence to single modes of explanation of religious behavior. Over the past seven years I have been called to testify as an expert witness in three Hare Krishna-related trials and to assist in two others.1 I served as an expert witness for the defense in the Robin George trial which took place during the winter and spring of 1983 and spent eight hours on the stand in direct and cross examination. This celebrated brainwashing and false imprisonment case (charges later overruled) was presented before the United States Supreme Court in the Spring of 1991 and was remanded back to the California appellate courts to determine more appropriate levels of civil monetary liability to assess against this Asian religious tradition. In 1984 I served as a defense witness in a freedom-of-speech trial regarding solicitation rights and practices of New Religious Movements (NRMs) in general, and the Hare Krishnas in particular, in Chicago's O'Hare airport. The court ruled in favor of the Hare Krishna defendants. After several intervening years of assistance in a variety of other trials for both the Hare Krishnas and other NRMs, I found myself back on the stand for ISince completing this essay, I have testified as an expert witness for the prosecution in an additional Hare Krishna-related felony trial. This experience corroborated the conclusions I report here, although it had no part in their formulation.
Pipeline Embolization Device in the Treatment of Recurrent Previously Stented Cerebral Aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The use of the Pipeline Embolization Device in the management of recurrent previously stented cerebral aneurysms is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Pipeline Embolization Device in the treatment of recurrent, previously stented aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with previously stented recurrent aneurysms who later underwent Pipeline Embolization Device placement (group 1) were retrospectively identified and compared with 63 patients who had treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device with no prior stent placement (group 2). Occlusion at the latest follow-up angiogram, recurrence and retreatment rates, clinical outcome, complications, and morbidity and mortality observed after treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device were analyzed. RESULTS: Patient characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. The mean time from stent placement to recurrence was 25 months. Pipeline Embolization Device treatment resulted in complete aneurysm occlusion in 55.6% of patients in group 1 versus 80.4% of patients in group 2 (P = .036). The retreatment rate in group 1 was 11.1% versus 7.1% in group 2 (P = .62). The rate of good clinical outcome at the latest follow-up in group 1 was 81% versus 93.2% in group 2 (P = .1). Complications were observed in 14.3% of patients in group 1 and 9.5% of patients in group 2 (P = .684). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Pipeline Embolization Device in the management of previously stented aneurysms is less effective than the use of this device in nonstented aneurysms. Prior stent placement can worsen the safety and efficacy profile of this device.
Compound cuing in free recall.

According to the retrieved context theory of episodic memory, the cue for recall of an item is a weighted sum of recently activated cognitive states, including previously recalled and studied items as well as their associations. We show that this theory predicts there should be compound cueing in free recall. Specifically, the temporal contiguity effect should be greater when the two most recently recalled items were studied in contiguous list positions. A meta-analysis of published free recall experiments demonstrates evidence for compound cueing in both conditional response probabilities and inter-response times. To help rule out a rehearsal-based account of these compound cueing effects, we conducted an experiment with immediate, delayed and continual-distractor free recall conditions. Consistent with retrieved context theory but not with a rehearsal-based account, compound cueing was present in all conditions, and was not significantly influenced by the presence of interitem distractors.
Electronic Interactions in Helical Stacked Arrays of the Modified DNA Base Pyrrolocytosine

The thermal stability and ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectra of nine synthetic DNA hairpins possessing one or more PC-G base pairs (PC = pyrrolocytosine) have been investigated. One group of hairpins possess 1–5 sequential PC-G base pairs while another group possess two PC-G base pairs separated by 1–3 A-T base pairs. The first group displays a nearly linear dependence of UV and exciton-coupled circular dichroism (EC-CD) band intensity upon the number of neighboring chromophores, whereas the second group shows weak EC-CD only at the shortest distances between non-neighboring chromophores. This result stands in marked contrast to the exciton coupling seen between stilbene chromophores separated by as many as a dozen base pairs. The weak exciton coupling between non-neighboring PC chromophores, like that of the natural nucelobases, is attributed to their relatively weak electronic transition dipoles.
An analysis of employees' job involvement in a community-based AIDS service organization.

This study analyzes employees' job involvement in a community based AIDS Service Organization (ASO). The study reveals that these employees have a relatively high level of job involvement and that three job-related factors are significantly correlated to the job involvement. The three factors are: employees' perceived job securi ty, attitude toward their organization, and the conflict between job and family. The study further explains the importance of these find ings to the management of ASOs.
Coding of Object Shape and Texture

While much is known about the peripheral afferent systems that underlie somatic sensation, little is known about how information from those systems leads to the perception of shape and texture. Emerging evidence suggests that the pathway for object and texture perception progresses from the peripheral afferents through the dorsal column nuclei and ventroposterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus to primary and then to secondary somatosensory cortex where cutaneous and proprioceptive inputs from the skin, muscles and joints are integrated to produce central representations of the 3D structure of objects. The cutaneous inputs provide information about the local spatial structure and texture of the surface at the points of contact between the skin and object. The proprioceptive inputs provide information of where those contact points lie in 3D space. A working hypothesis is that the cutaneous and proprioceptive inputs are integrated in cortex to form central representations of objects that are matched against memory and perception.
Tracheasegmentresektion zur Behandlung trachealer Stenosen

Hintergrund Die segmentale Tracheaquerresektion ist ein allgemein anerkanntes Verfahren zur Behandlung von Trachealstenosen.
Non-Intrusive Techniques for Establishing Occupancy Related Energy Savings in Commercial Buildings

The design of energy-efficient commercial building Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems has been in the forefront of energy conservation efforts over the past few decades. The HVAC systems traditionally run on a static schedule that does not take occupancy into account, wasting a lot of energy in conditioning empty or partially-occupied spaces. This paper investigates the application of non-intrusive techniques to obtain a rough estimate of occupancy from coarse-grained measurements of the sensors that are commonly available through the building management system. Various per-zone schedules can be developed based on this approximate knowledge of occupancy at the level of individual zones. Our experiments in three large commercial buildings confirm that the proposed techniques can uncover the occupancy pattern of the zones, and schedules that incorporate these occupancy patterns can achieve more than 38% reduction in reheat energy consumption while maintaining indoor thermal comfort.
Maintaining Insurance Access under Trump — A Strategy

To maintain insurance access in the Trump administration, we could rely on Medicaid to ensure competition in the insurance exchanges: Medicaid managed-care plans could be required to offer an exchange plan wherever there would otherwise be only one participating insurer.
Word based dialect classification using extreme learning machines

It is well known that the variability in speech caused by the accents or dialects of speakers degrades the performance of speech recognition systems. One method to prevent this degradation is to correctly identify the accent or dialect of a speaker so that the putative system can be designed to use this information. In this paper, we apply the extreme learning machine, an efficient neural network learning algorithm, to the problem of accent/dialect classification on the TIMIT dataset. Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs) and the normalized energy parameter are computed from word samples in each dialect class, and these along with their first and second derivatives are used as training features. A novel architecture and a weighting scheme are used to classify North American dialects into seven groups. Using this technique, we obtain an classification accuracy of 76.92%, which to our knowledge is the best result reported for dialect classification on the TIMIT dataset.
Demixing sparse signals from nonlinear observations

Signal demixing is of special importance in several applications ranging from astronomy to computer vision. The goal in demixing is to recover a set of signals from their linear superposition. In this paper, we study the more challenging scenario where only a limited number of nonlinear measurements of the signal superposition are available. Our contribution is a simple, fast algorithm that recovers the component signals from the nonlinear measurements. We support our algorithm with a rigorous theoretical analysis, and provide upper bounds on the estimation error as well as the sample complexity of demixing the components (up to a scalar ambiguity). We also provide a range of simulation results, and observe that the method outperforms a previous algorithm based on convex relaxation.
The Internet versus the State

Sometimes, with a little ingenuity, power dynamics regarding the Internet play out differently than you might expect.
Metaphyseal Versus Diaphyseal Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy for Treatment of Ulnar Impaction Syndrome: A Comparative Study

Purpose To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes and complication rates of diaphyseal and metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomies for the treatment of ulnar abutment syndrome. Methods We performed a retrospective study comparing 35 patients who underwent either a metaphyseal (n = 14) or diaphyseal (n = 21) osteotomy. Radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared. Complication rates including infection, hardware removal, and reoperations were also assessed. Results There were no differences in patient characteristics, ulnar variance, or pain and functional scores between groups. Metaphyseal osteotomy surgery time was shorter (45.5 vs 71.7 minutes) and resulted in greater ulnar shortening (4.8 vs 3.4 mm) compared with diaphyseal osteotomies. At an average 19.2-month follow-up, metaphyseal osteotomies were associated with greater improvement in pain and Quick –Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire scores. The need for implant removal was the same in both groups. There were no complications in either group. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that metaphyseal osteotomies are a safe and effective alternative to diaphyseal osteotomies for the management of ulnar abutment syndrome. Although improved surgical time and postoperative outcomes are encouraging, further large-scale and properly powered studies with long-term outcomes will help characterize the benefit of one technique over another. Ultimately, the decision between a metaphyseal and diaphyseal osteotomy may be surgeon preference. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Reference-free detection of minute, non-visible, damage using full-field, high-resolution mode shapes output-only identified from digital videos of structures:

Detecting damage in structures based on the change in their dynamics or modal parameters (modal frequencies and mode shapes) has been extensively studied for three decades. The success of such a global, passive, vibration-based method in field applications, however, has long been hindered by the bottleneck of low spatial resolution vibration sensor measurements. The primary reason is that damage typically initiates and develops in local regions that need to be captured and characterized by very high spatial resolution vibration measurements and modal parameters (mode shapes), which are extremely difficult to obtain using traditional vibration measurement techniques. For example, accelerometers and strain-gauge sensors are typically placed at a limited number of discrete locations, providing low spatial resolution vibration measurements. Laser vibrometers provide high-resolution measurements, but are expensive and make sequential measurements that are time- and labor-consuming. Recently, digital video cameras—which are relatively low cost, agile, and able to provide high spatial resolution, simultaneous, pixel measurements—have emerged as a promising tool to achieve full-field, high spatial resolution vibration measurements. Combined with advanced vision processing and unsupervised machine algorithms, a new method has recently been developed to blindly and efficiently extract the full-field, high-resolution, dynamic parameters from the video measurements of an operating, output-only structure. This work studies the feasibility of performing damage detection using the full-field, very high spatial resolution mode shape (of the fundamental mode) blindly extracted from the video of the operating (output-only) structure without any knowledge of reference (healthy) structural information. A spatial fractal dimension analysis is applied on the full-field mode shape of the damaged structure to detect damage-induced irregularity. Additionally, the equivalence between the fractal dimension and the squared curvature (modal strain energy) of the mode shape curve, when of high spatial resolution, is mathematically derived. Laboratory experiments are conducted on bench-scale structures, including a building structure and a cantilever beam, to validate the approach. The results illustrate that using the full-field, very high-resolution mode shape enables detection of minute, non-visible, damage in a global, completely passive sensing manner, which was previously not possible to achieve.
Mechanisms of H and CO loss from the uracil nucleobase following low energy electron irradiation

Ionising radiation in cells generates secondary low energy electrons (LEEs) which can induce biomolecular damage when incident upon a particular biomolecule. Notable biomolecules include those contained within double-stranded DNA and RNA helices, which upon exposure to LEEs, may form reactive intermediate products that show detriment to their specific structures and functions. Such damaging processes are understood to proceed via dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Using anion resonance stabilisation methods, coupled to state-of-the-art electronic structure methods, and reaction path mapping, the work presented herein highlights the detailed mechanisms associated with molecular elimination of CO and H from the uracil nucleobase following LEE irradiation - providing a rationale for earlier experiments. The results highlight a subset of resonances that show a labile route for forming CO + anionic 1,3-dihydroimidazole (1,3-DHIM-). The nascent 1,3-DHIM anion is itself unstable with respect to N-H bond fission - ultimately forming anionic 1-imidazole (1-IM-) + H products. This hitherto unknown mechanism sheds light on the possible lesion processes that may be encountered by biomolecular constituents when exposed to electron energies analogous to those present in medicinal X-ray diagnostics, aviation and interstellar space. The work also offers some insight into the reactive processes that may have occurred in prebiotic earth.
The Future Role of Mathematical Models in Medicine: A Case Study

Abstract Following a historical review of mathematical models in medicine, a critical analysis of the current state of the art is presented under themes of: contribution to scientific study, utility in education and utility in clinical decision making. Positive outcomes for the first two are encouraging. The last theme is more problematic. However, by considering the potential of mixed modelling approaches we outline possible future use of mathematical models in clinical decision making. A case study approach is adopted.
Animating herstory? Stillness/motion, popular cinephilia and the economy of the instants in the post-cinema age

This essay examines a popular video The Founding Women (2016) that parodies the ‘main-melody films’ The Founding of a Republic (2009) and The Founding of a Party (2011) by compiling fragments of ma...
Addressing substance use disorder in primary care: The role, integration, and impact of recovery coaches.

Background Only 10% of people with substance use disorder (SUD) receive treatment, partially due to inadequate access to specialty SUD care and limited management within primary care. "Recovery coaches" (RCs), peers sharing the lived experience of addiction and recovery, are increasingly being integrated into primary care to help reach and treat people experiencing SUD, yet little is known about how their role should be defined or about their clinical integration and impact. Methods Semistructured interviews with RCs (n = 5) and their patients (n = 16) were used to explore patient and RC perspectives on the RC role. Maximum variation sampling was employed to select patients who displayed diversity across gender, RC, housing status, and number of contacts with an RC. Patients were sampled until no new concepts emerged from additional interviews, and a semistructured interview guide was used for data collection. To analyze interview transcripts, the constant comparative method was used to develop and assign inductively developed codes. Two coders separately coded all transcripts and reconciled code assignments. Results Four core RC activities were identified: system navigation, supporting behavior change, harm reduction, and relationship building. Across these activities, benefits of the RC role emerged, including accessibility, shared experiences, motivation of behavior change, and links to social services. Challenges of the RC model were also evident: patient discomfort with asking for help, lack of clarity in RC role, and tension within the care team. Conclusions These findings shed light on RCs in primary care. Many patients and coaches perceived that RCs play a valuable role within primary care, providing both tangible system navigation and intangible, social support that promote recovery and might not otherwise be available. Enhanced communication between RCs and health center leadership in defining the RC role may help resolve ambiguity and related tensions between RCs and care team members.
Distribution of Aliphatic Amines in CO, CV and CK Carbonaceous Chondrites and Relation to Mineralogy and Processing History

The analysis of water-soluble organic compounds in meteorites provides valuable insights into the prebiotic synthesis of organic matter and the processes that occurred during the formation of the solar system. We investigated the concentration of aliphatic monoamines present in the hot acid-water extracts of the unaltered Antarctic carbonaceous chondrites DOM 08006 (CO3) and MIL 05013 (CO3), and the thermally altered meteorites Allende (CV3), LAP 02206 (CV3), GRA 06101 (CV3), ALH 85002 (CK4), and EET 92002 (CK5). We have also reviewed and assessed the petrologic characteristics of the meteorites studied here, to evaluate the effects of asteroidal processing on the abundance and molecular distributions of monoamines. The CO3, CV3, CK4, and CK5 meteorites studied here contain total concentrations of amines ranging from 1.2 to 4.0 nmol/g of meteorite; these amounts are one to three orders of magnitude below those observed in carbonaceous chondrites from the CI, CM and CR groups. The low amine abundances for CV and CK chondrites may be related to their extensive degree of thermal metamorphism and/or to their low original amine content. Although the CO3 meteorites DOM 08006 and MIL 05013 do not show signs of thermal and aqueous alteration, their monoamine contents are comparable to those observed in moderately/extensively thermally altered CV3, CK4, and CK5 carbonaceous chondrites. The low content of monoamines in pristine CO carbonaceous chondrites suggests that the initial amounts, and not asteroidal processes, play a dominant role in the content of monoamines in carbonaceous chondrites. The primary monoamines, methylamine, ethylamine and n-propylamine constitute the most abundant amines in the CO3, CV3, CK4, and CK5 meteorites studied here. Contrary to the predominance of n-ω-amino acid isomers in CO3 and thermally altered meteorites, there appears to be no preference for the larger n-α-amines.
The Process of Instructional Change: Insights from the Problem-Solving Cycle

Breaking traditional instructional patterns is a notoriously challenging endeavor, particularly on a broad scale. However, a number of professional development (PD) efforts in mathematics have produced promising results, even within a relatively short time frame. In this chapter, we focus on the impact of one such effort and report on teachers’ instructional changes after they participated in the Problem-Solving Cycle (PSC) model of PD. We discuss quantitative patterns from a dataset of 51 videotaped lessons obtained from 13 participants, highlighting changes in their PSC and typical lessons over a 1.5-year period. We also present a case study analysis to illustrate the specific nature of the classroom improvements made by one participant. Overall, teachers experienced the most change in their ability to work effectively with students’ productions around meaningful mathematics. These findings add to the literature that demonstrates instructional growth potential among teachers who take part in PD for less than 2 years.
Second Homes and Vulnerability after Superstorm Sandy in Ortley Beach, New Jersey

Why is Ortley Beach, New Jersey, known as Superstorm Sandy's ground zero? This article employs qualitative vulnerability analysis to understand why vulnerability of second homes in Ortley Beach res...
FlexSLiM: a Novel Approach for Short Linear Motif Discovery in Protein Sequences

Short linear motifs are 3 to 11 amino acid long peptide patterns that play important regulatory roles in modulating protein activities. Although they are abundant in proteins, it is often difficult to discover them by experiments, because of the low affinity binding and transient interaction of short linear motifs with their partners. Moreover, available computational methods cannot effectively predict short linear motifs, due to their short and degenerate nature. Here we developed a novel approach, FlexSLiM, for reliable discovery of short linear motifs in protein sequences. By testing on simulated data and benchmark experimental data, we demonstrated that FlexSLiM more effectively identifies short linear motifs than existing methods. We provide a general tool that will advance the understanding of short linear motifs, which will facilitate the research on protein targeting signals, protein post-translational modifications, and many others.
Disaster preparedness networks in rural Midwest communities: Organizational roles, collaborations, and support for older residents

This study investigated the roles and interconnections among community organizations belonging to local disaster coalitions in Midwest in supporting older residents. Representatives from 44 organizations participated in one-time survey. Most were non-profit (68%) or federal/state/local government agencies (23%). The analyses of 761 relationships showed stronger collaborations in assessment (average strength=2.88 on a 5-point scale), emergency response (2.72), and planning (2.61); and weaker collaborations in co-sponsoring programs (1.71) and supporting older residents (2.03). The extent of collaboration (network density) to support older adults was also low. Coalitions may enhance network density and centralization by developing sub-committee structure and strengthening existing collaborations.
Rethinking Mom and Dad

Parents affect children. Rethinking whether a child needs a mom and a dad is no straightforward task. Exploring conflicts and issues that arise when determining the best interests of a child in a number of different parental contexts, this article considers rethinking the best interests of a child in having a parent of each gender, namely a father and a mother. Focusing on child rearing and adoption from many angles such as fatherlessness, same gender parenting, motherlessness, parental incarceration, and children resulting from assisted reproductive technologies, this article discusses whether dual gendered parenting holds more or less weight in a best interest of the child analysis. If it does not matter whether a child has an opportunity to have a relationship with both a father and a mother, why is that the case? And if dual gendered parenting better fosters a child’s best interest, why is that so? Can any state law require dual gendered parenting within parental rights and equal protection guidelines? And for that matter, should gender of the parent ever be a relevant consideration in the adoption of a child? This piece will consider state statutory codes defining what is in the best interests of a child, pediatric medicine, social science, constitutional requirements, and federal law and policy in determining if it is truly in a child’s best interests to have both a mom and a dad. It will conclude with a discussion of dual gendered parenting imperatives, while offering innovative resolutions to the best interests of children missing one or the other.Part I discusses various studies and scenarios of parenting, perspectives on each, and their results on children. It confronts the problem of fatherlessness, the need for mothering, and the significance of a marriage context for children. Part II examines statutory parameters on the best interests of children regarding parental preference in state codes, analyzing these factors and considering whether and how they are directed by pediatric medicine, or evidence from social science. It then compares these facts with federal law on equal protection, and federal family policy. Part III brings all these angles together in a discussion of a child’s interests in his or her own parents. It sets forth how the law and the evidence find it imperative that a child have an opportunity to enjoy a relationship with a father and a mother whenever possible, while offering innovative resolutions to provide a father or a mother for a child that has been deprived of one or the other.
Guidelines and performance measures for diabetes

Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health problem in the United States and around the world. A result of genetic predisposition combined with detrimental changes in lifestyle, type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions. The costs are very high, both in terms of financial burden and quality of life. A wide variety of healthcare organizations have developed diabetes guidelines to improve the quality of care for patients. Increasingly, there is agreement and collaboration on such guidelines, leading to the next step in quality management, performance measures. There is a growing trend to find ways to provide incentives for improved diabetes care. Initiatives such as the National Committee for Quality Assurance's physician recognition program, the Bridges to Excellence Diabetes Care Link program, the National Diabetes Quality Improvement Alliance, and the American Medical Association Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement are all helping to establish an incentive for improved diabetes care.
The geology of the Navua Valles region of Mars

The Navua Valles are a system of channels and valleys on the inner rim of Hellas Basin. The aim of this mapping study was to determine the geologic history of the Navua Valles region; and the relat...
YouTube Gamers and Think-Aloud Protocols: Introducing Usability Testing

Background: Recordings of gamers interacting with video games have become a mainstay of online video-sharing communities such as YouTube. Sometimes called Let's Play videos, those recordings include content relatable to usability testing sessions and potentially illustrate basic think-aloud protocols. Literature review: Research regarding think-aloud protocols indicates that the use of video to review concurrent user commentary is a valid usability testing technique, including sessions that include little to no tester instruction or intervention. Evaluation using a heuristic created for the studied interface can support this type of usability testing. Research questions: 1. Based on a heuristic created from video game usability research, do Let's Play videos provide content representative of think-aloud protocols regarding usability of the games played? 2. Are relevant Let's Play videos potentially useful tools for illustrating think-aloud protocols to students unfamiliar with this type of usability testing? Methods: After reviewing research concerning video game heuristics to create a common set of guidelines, the author selected and reviewed five YouTube videos, gathering and coding information related to the heuristic. Results: The recordings were found to contain relevant information regarding video game usability based on the criteria developed from the literature, specifically considering verbalizations relative to think-aloud protocols. Conclusion: Because these gaming videos contain commentary measurable against a research-based heuristic for game usability, they could be used as an additional method to introduce think-aloud protocols to usability students.