cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Between Cancer and Normal Tissue Samples Using Multi-Hit Combinations of Genetic Mutations

Cancer is known to result from a combination of a small number of genetic defects. However, the specific combinations of mutations responsible for the vast majority of cancers have not been identified. Current computational approaches focus on identifying driver genes and mutations. Although individually these mutations can increase the risk of cancer they do not result in cancer without additional mutations. We present a fundamentally different approach for identifying the cause of individual instances of cancer: we search for combinations of genes with carcinogenic mutations (multi-hit combinations) instead of individual driver genes or mutations. We developed an algorithm that identified a set of multi-hit combinations that differentiate between tumor and normal tissue samples with 91% sensitivity (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 89–92%) and 93% specificity (95% CI = 91–94%) on average for seventeen cancer types. We then present an approach based on mutational profile that can be used to distinguish between driver and passenger mutations within these genes. These combinations, with experimental validation, can aid in better diagnosis, provide insights into the etiology of cancer, and provide a rational basis for designing targeted combination therapies.
Using the ADDIE Model and Universal Design for Learning Principles to Develop an Open Online Course for Teacher Professional Development

As part of a collaborative graduate course project, my students and I, Author A, sought to design an online learning experience that would support the professional growth of teachers located around...
Search for sharp lines in e+-e

Two mini-orange spectrometers were used to view e/sup +/-e/sup -/ pairs from a positron source and a Th scatterer from opposite directions, 180/sup 0/ apart. No statistically significant evidence for peaks previously reported was found in the coincidence spectra.
Monolith, Multiplicity or Multivocality: What do we stand for and where do we go from here?

This contribution offers a commentary on Neil Selwyn’s write up of his keynote talk from the Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference in 2018 (Selwyn, this issue). The article has three main sections, namely an account of what Learning Analytics has done, an account of the values behind Learning Analytics, and some ideas for moving forward. Thus, this reflection will also address aspects of each of these.
Data-Enabled Computational Multiscale Method in Materials Science and Engineering

In the community of computational materials science, one of the challenges in hierarchical multiscale modeling is information-passing from one scale to another, especially from the molecular model to the continuum model. A machine-learning-enhanced approach, proposed in this paper, provides an alternative solution. In the developed hierarchical multiscale method, molecular dynamics simulations in the molecular model are conducted first to generate datasets, which represents physical phenomena at the nanoscale. The datasets are then used to train neural networks for failure classification and stress regressions. Finally, the well-trained learning machines are implemented in the continuum model to study the mechanical behaviors of materials at the macroscale. Randomized neural networks are employed due to their computational efficiency.
The immune remodel: Weight loss-mediated inflammatory changes to obesity.

Obesity is an escalating world problem that contributes to the complexity and cost of treatment of metabolic disorders. Obesity is the result of increased storage of energy in the form of adipose t...
IBD: Fishing for missing heritability in IBD

A genetic predisposition to IBD is widely accepted; however IBD heritability is dependent on more than the simple additive risk of genetic variants. In a new study using zebrafish, convincing evidence is presented that alterations in the epigenetic regulation of TNF might contribute to the "missing heritability" of IBD.
Leveraging Undergraduate Federal Work Study Student Skill Sets to Support an R2 University Libraries’ Research Data Services

This article discusses creative approaches to establishing a research data services (RDS) at an R2 (high research activity) institution with a limited budget. Seton Hall University Libraries conduc...
Decontamination of urban surfaces contaminated with radioactive materials and consequent onsite recycling of the waste water

Abstract Enhancing rapid remediation strategies is paramount for recovery after a large-scale nuclear contamination event in an urban environment. Some current strategies recommend use of readily available equipment, materials, and facilities to expedite recovery. For example, applying pressurized water to contaminated surfaces may effectively remove radioactive contamination. In this study, a commercial power washer removes soluble forms of 152Eu 3 + , 85Sr 2 + , and 137Cs + contamination from common porous building materials, and computer simulations characterize the recycling of the resultant contaminated wash water. Pressure washing the porous building materials under spray conditions typical with do-it-yourself units improved decontamination factors (DFs) for 152Eu compared to low-pressure application of tap water (majority of two-tailed t-test p-values + ) to promote ion exchange reactions produced significantly higher DFs for tested radionuclides on asphalt, brick, and concrete. The resultant contaminated wash water can be processed through self-prepared chemical filtration beds of clay and sand. Modeled in a prior study, the beds yielded linear trends (R2 > 0.98) in sensitivity analyses between most bed configuration variables and bed performance variables, permitting flexible ad-hoc bed design. The experimental and simulation results led to estimates of the remediation rate and waste generated after cleaning 250 m2 of cesium-contaminated concrete from the combined deployment of a power washer and two different mobile treatment beds. The first treatment bed was designed to reduce treatment time and processed 1900 L of wash solution in 70 min using 880 kg of clay/sand infill material. Designed to reduce the solid waste generated, the second bed processed the same solution volume in 1040 min (17 h) using 170 kg of clay/sand infill material. The results of this analysis warrant further investigation of power washing with recycled salt solution as an effective rapid decontamination method with manageable waste.
BOLD5000, a public fMRI dataset while viewing 5000 visual images

Vision science, particularly machine vision, has been revolutionized by introducing large-scale image datasets and statistical learning approaches. Yet, human neuroimaging studies of visual perception still rely on small numbers of images (around 100) due to time-constrained experimental procedures. To apply statistical learning approaches that include neuroscience, the number of images used in neuroimaging must be significantly increased. We present BOLD5000, a human functional MRI (fMRI) study that includes almost 5,000 distinct images depicting real-world scenes. Beyond dramatically increasing image dataset size relative to prior fMRI studies, BOLD5000 also accounts for image diversity, overlapping with standard computer vision datasets by incorporating images from the Scene UNderstanding (SUN), Common Objects in Context (COCO), and ImageNet datasets. The scale and diversity of these image datasets, combined with a slow event-related fMRI design, enables fine-grained exploration into the neural representation of a wide range of visual features, categories, and semantics. Concurrently, BOLD5000 brings us closer to realizing Marr’s dream of a singular vision science–the intertwined study of biological and computer vision. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
When Consumers Do Not Recognize "Benign" Intention Questions as Persuasion Attempts

We demonstrate that the mere-measurement effect occurs because asking an intention question is not perceived as a persuasion attempt. In experiments 1 and 2, we show that when persuasive intent is attributed to an intention question, consumers adjust their behavior as long as they have sufficient cognitive capacity to permit conscious correction. In experiment 3 we demonstrate that this finding holds with product choice and consumption, and we find that persuasion knowledge mediates the effects. In experiment 4, we show that when respondents are educated that an intention question is a persuasive attempt, the behavioral impact of those questions is attenuated.
Helix-helix interaction viewed in an angle frame indicates a role of the size of sidechains in packing

Three-dimensional packing is essential for protein folding. Homology alignment and de nova methods have been used to develop algorithms that would predict protein packing in proteins. Even though hydrophobic cores of proteins are formed through the packing of side chains of hydrophobic residues, the stereological arrangement of individual amino acids and in three dimensional hydrophobic cores is rather difficult to determine. In order to simplify the description of a protein core packing, in this manuscript, we have determined the relationship between angles, distances, and residue usage between two helices. Data from this analysis demonstrate that the contact residues determine the angle and the distance between two helical elements. This approach provides a means to predict the three-dimensional packing of helices in proteins and allows for an understanding of the biological interaction within proteins and among proteins based on surface contact residue parameters.
Outcomes and management of immune thrombocytopenia secondary to COVID-19: Cleveland clinic experience.

BACKGROUND: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired disease characterized by thrombocytopenia secondary to autoantibodies against platelets. Here, we report the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced ITP cases. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 3255 COVID-19 patients. COVID-19-induced ITP was diagnosed after excluding possible common causes. Bleeding severity was assessed based on the modified World Health Organization (WHO) bleeding severity score. RESULTS: We identified 11 (0.34%) patients with COVID-19-induced ITP. Of all patients, 63.6% were males and the median age was 63 years. The median time from COVID-19 diagnosis to the onset of ITP was 10 days. Bleeding observed in 63.6% of the patients. Clinically significant bleeding (WHO Grade 3) occurred in single patient who required blood transfusion. Standard treatment with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was effective in achieving excellent response in most cases. Of all patients, complete response and response to treatment were achieved in 45.5% and 27.3% patients, respectively. The median time to ITP recovery was 4 days. Eltrombopag was used in three patients who relapsed. Four patients required mechanical ventilation, and none of them survived secondary to hypoxic respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: ITP secondary to COVID-19 usually presents after the first week of symptoms beginning. Most of our patients had WHO Grade 1-2 bleeding scores. Standard treatment with glucocorticoids and IVIG is effective in achieving an excellent response. The safety of eltrombopag is not very well established in COVID-19 patients, and additional studies are needed for a better safety profile.
National Governance Bundles and Corporate Agency Costs: A Cross‐Country Analysis

Manuscript Type Conceptual and empirical Research Question/Issue Comparative corporate governance performance across countries cannot be captured adequately by ranking of single or a few national governance factors (NGFs). But it is also intractable to undertake separate comparative analyses of the large number of NGFs that potentially impact corporate governance mechanisms. How can NGFs be combined into national governance bundles (NGBs) that are informative of the level of agency costs at the firm level and are also convenient to use in comparative analyses? Research Findings/Insights We theoretically motivate and empirically identify the components of two NGBs that, at the firm level, have especially significant impact on controlling shareholder agency costs and the agency costs of debt financing, respectively. These NGBs (1) allow consolidation of the effects of various individual NGFs that have been considered separately in the literature, (2) reveal the complementarity and substitutability effects among NGFs and between NGFs and firm governance mechanisms, and (3) are convenient to apply through aggregate bundle scores. Theoretical/Academic Implications Forming NGBs by combining NGFs that have especially significant impact on specific agency costs is useful both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical analysis guides the identification of NGFs that may be especially influential on specific agency costs and these predictions can be verified empirically. Examining the effects of NGFs on the relation of firm-level governance mechanisms and agency costs is useful in understanding the links between national- and firm-level governance variables. Practitioner/Policy Implications The parsimony and tractability afforded by the NGBs in understanding various aspects of corporate governance performance should prove useful to policymakers, international business managers, and investors. By providing readily available indicators of different agency costs at the firm level, these bundles can guide policymakers in setting the legal and regulatory framework for corporate governance at the national level.
Characterization of human cystathionine β-synthase: Evidence for the identity of human l-serine dehydratase and cystathionine β-synthase

Abstract A protein has been studied in human fetal liver that is able to condense serine with several sulfur donors. The two activities of greatest interest are cystathionine β-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22) which catalyzes the reaction of sulfide with serine to form cysteine, and l -serine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.13) which condenses homocysteine with serine to form cystathionine. These two activities were followed through several purification steps and were always found in the same fractions. The ratio of the activities remained constant at 1.7 ± 0.1 with homocysteine as the preferred sulfur donor. When the two activities were assayed simultaneously, sulfide did not interfere with cystathionine synthesis, but a sulfide-to-homocysteine ratio of at least 1.5 was needed for cysteine production. Both activities showed similar thermal denaturation profiles and sensitivity to hydroxalamine. Further evidence that these activities are associated with the same protein comes from the observation that a patient with homocystinuria is deficient in cystathionine β-synthase as well as l -serine dehydratase.
Reducing internal field effects with high aluminum AlGaN quantum wells

Transition from heavy hole to crystal-field-split hole ground state is found to significantly reduce internal-field effects on optical properties, which should improve laser performance. The effect comes from increasing aluminum concentration in AlGaN quantum wells.
S-parameter characterization of GaAs gate SISFETs at liquid nitrogen temperatures

SISFETs where characterized at both room and liquid nitrogen (LN) temperatures to evaluate their dynamic performance. Equivalent circuit parameters obtained from low-frequency parametric measurements were compared to those deduced from S-parameter measurements. The measurements were made on a bifurcated gate structure consisting of two identical gate fingers totalling 70 mu m in width. Microwave characterization of the devices relied on measurement of the S-parameters over a 50-MHz-26-GHz range using an HP8510B network analyzer and cascade probes. The room- and LN-temperature characterization of SISFETs shows no evidence of anomalous behavior. The equivalent circuit parameters deduced from microwave measurements are consistent with those derived from the low-frequency measurements. The low gate leakage, improved g/sub m/, and unchanged gate capacitance result in a high f/sub T/ at LN temperatures, indicating potential for enhanced performance in digital systems. >
Hadronic and radiative $D^*$ widths

A recent measurement of the total ${D}^{*+}$ width, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}({D}^{*+})=(83.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, is shown to be close to earlier predictions based on the single-quark-transition hypothesis. Those predictions are updated using more recent masses and branching fractions to a value of 80.4 keV, with a small uncertainty associated with the radiative branching fractions of ${D}^{*0}$ and ${D}^{*+}$. A prediction for the total width of ${D}_{2}^{*}(2460)$ and its partial width into ${D}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $D\ensuremath{\pi}$ is also updated and found to be in agreement with experiment.
A parameterization of large‐scale heat transport in mid‐latitudes. Part II. Stationary waves and the Ferrel cell

Based on the recent studies by Andrews and McIntyre (1976) and Boyd (1976) a simple equation is formulated to calculate the mean meridional circulation forced by the stationary planetary waves and the latent heat release and its correlation with the stationary planetary waves. The westerly momentum equation and the thermodynamic equation are combined to form a single linear equation for the meridional circulation based on the assumption that the momentum dissipates exclusively in the lowest layer of the atmosphere and that the heat dissipates into the ocean and lithosphere. The ratio between the dissipation time constants for momentum and heat turns out to be one of the most important parameters governing the intensity of the meridional circulation. The mid-latitude Ferrel cell appears to be a composite circulation originated from two circulations: one from the stationary planetary waves (Charney-Drazin circulation) and the other from the transient eddies biased by the latent heat release. The adiabatic heating computed from the model is compared favorably with observations. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1978.tb00845.x
Anodic oxidation and kinetics of titanium in 1 M chloride solutions

Abstract The anodic behaviour of titanium was investigated in 1 M chloride solutions of pH ranging from 0.0 to 12.0 by using electrochemical techniques combined with chemical analysis. No active region appears in solutions of pH above 2.0. In the passive region, the amount of titanium dissolved into the solution during 1 h oxidation decreases with increasing pH, and no dissolution occurs at pH 10.5. The thickness of passive films estimated from the electric charge accumulated on the surface increases linearly with the potential. The kinetic analysis between the anodic current and the film charge indicates that the growth of the passive film obeys the inverse logarithmic rate law, and the kinetic parameters are calculated.
Made to Be Seen

Banks, Marcus, and Jay Ruby, eds. Made to Be Seen: Perspectives on the History of Visual Anthropology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011; 419 pp., notes, bibliography, index, 37 illus., IS...
Adenosine-3', 5'-Phosphate: Identification as Acrasin in a Species of Cellular Slime Mold

Acrasin, the chemotactic agent responsible for aggregation in thecellular slime molds, has been identified for one species, Dictyostelium discoideum, as adenosine-3', 5'-phosphate.
Switched-Element Direction Finding

We introduce and evaluate the concept of switched-element direction finding. In a switched-element system, simultaneous data collection occurs on only a subset of the array's N elements at any given time. The data collection interval is divided into subintervals, and at each subinterval a multiplexer selects a different subset of M<N elements to connect to the data acquisition channels. Since the switched-element system only collects data on M channels at a time, hardware costs can be reduced at the expense of a time-accuracy tradeoff compared to a full-channel system. We propose two algorithms. The first is a modification of the root-MVDR (minimum variance distortionless-response) algorithm that is appropriate for linear arrays and noncoherent sources. When sources are coherent, a second algorithm based on a compositely formed full-size covariance matrix is proposed. Although performance depends strongly on the number of sources, good performance can be obtained even when the number of sources is greater than M.
Sequence-based clustering for Web usage mining: A new experimental framework and ANN-enhanced K-means algorithm

We develop a general sequence-based clustering method by proposing new sequence representation schemes in association with Markov models. The resulting sequence representations allow for calculation of vector-based distances (dissimilarities) between Web user sessions and thus can be used as inputs of various clustering algorithms. We develop an evaluation framework in which the performances of the algorithms are compared in terms of whether the clusters (groups of Web users who follow the same Markov process) are correctly identified using a replicated clustering approach. A series of experiments is conducted to investigate whether clustering performance is affected by different sequence representations and different distance measures as well as by other factors such as number of actual Web user clusters, number of Web pages, similarity between clusters, minimum session length, number of user sessions, and number of clusters to form. A new, fuzzy ART-enhanced K-means algorithm is also developed and its superior performance is demonstrated.
DISTRIBUTED LOCALIZED SHAPE CONTROL OF GOSSAMER SPACE STRUCTURES

Future earth science, space science, exploration, and reconnaissance space missions will require increasingly large and lightweight apertures. Although they have low areal mass density, the deployed aperture structures must capture and hold a surface figure to a fraction of a wavelength in the presence of thermal, slew, and vibration disturbances. Active control of surface figure is a key technology for the success of gossamer space structures. Less than several hundred actuators could be still controlled by using a centralized computing element. If, however, there are thousands of actuators distributed in the surface, the control hardware and computations should be distributed as well. This paper discusses how an efficient control of a gossamer structure shape can be achieved using large distributed actuator arrays. Advanced algorithms using only local information about errors and actuation for collocated and neighboring positions in each of the distributed computational elements allow achieving required control performance. A gossamer structure with built-in distributed actuators, sensors, and computational elements can be made scalable to a very large size. Of course, integrating thousands of actuators, in a structure in a practically affordable way requires actuators are mass producible. MEMS technologies based on electrostatic actuation and implemented on compliant plastic substrates, represent a highly attractive proposition thanks to their very low areal density. A distributed surface control approach is a key enabler for future gossamer space apertures.
One of the problems in the measurement of blood pressure by catheter-insertion: Wave reflection at the tip of the catheter

The most reliable method for the measurement of blood pressure is the use of catheter-type pressure gauges, despite its considerable errors associated with them. Many workers have discussed the errors of this method. No one, however, has discussed the effect due to the reflection of the pressure wave at the tip of the catheter and at the occluding point of the artery and the increase of the pressure wave attenuation produced by the insertion of the catheter into blood vessels. In this paper, the problem is discussed both theoretically and experimentally. The error due to the wave reflection is sometimes very large. To reduce this error, the diameter of the catheter must be quite small. However, if the diameter of catheter is too small, the error due to distortion of the wave during its propagation in the catheter becomes quite large. Therefore, a catheter of appropriate diameter must be used for each experiment. For example, if a catheter of 2 mm in diameter is used for an experiment on a large dog in a controlled state, the error is expected to be less than 5 per cent.
Multi-layered analyses using directed partitioning to identify and discriminate between biogenic amines

Multiple layers of statistical analyses were used to decipher the response from a single, cross-reactive conjugated polymer (1) providing enhanced classification accuracies over traditional multivariate statistical approaches. This analysis was demonstrated by classifying a series of seven biologically relevant, nonvolatile amines (i.e. biogenic amines). If only a single layer of analysis was employed (linear discriminant analysis), 89% classification accuracy was achieved lacking any concentration information. However, using this multi-layered, group–ungroup method, the analytes were first categorized based on general class of molecule (directed partitioning), i.e. aromatic, aliphatic, polyamines, with 98% accuracy. In a second analysis layer, these sub-groups were broken down into the individual molecular components, with the aliphatic and aromatic amines classifying near 99%, while the polyamine identification accuracy approached 90%. In the third layer of analysis, the concentration of the analytes in question was determined in the biologically relevant range within ∼10% accuracy by following trends in the principle component analysis output.
Lower Incorporation of Impurities in Ferritin Crystals by Suppression of Convection: Modeling Results

We have developed an axi-symmetric time-dependent numerical model of the diffusive-convective transport of a crystallizing protein and an impurity, in an isothermal crystal growth system at standard and zero gravity. We model crystallization of ferritin, a protein with Mw = 440 000, and its most abundant impurity, the protein's native dimer. The diffusivities of the protein and the dimer and the kinetic coefficients for crystallization and impurity incorporation are available. The model assumes the geometry of a cylindrical vessel used in protein crystallization trials on earth and in space, the DCAM. At terrestrial gravity, buoyancy-driven convection with a maximum velocity of 12 μm/s enhances the supply of both protein and impurity. In the absence of convection, e.g., at 0g, the diffusion depletion zone is wider and the interfacial concentrations drop significantly. The lower diffusivity of the larger dimer results in its incorporation at 0g lower by factors of 2−3 than on earth. The three-dimensional c...
Role of pancreatic monoamines in the impaired insulin secretion of the fasting state.

To assess the possible role of pancreatic monoamines in the impaired insulin secretion of the fasting state, in vitro pancreas incubation studies were performed using pancreas tissue obtained from fed, fasted and fasted—plusreserpine— treated hamsters. Reserpine was used to deplete pancreatic monoamine content. The pancreatic insulin content was similar in the three groups. Basal insulin secretion and insulin secretion stimulated by glucose, acetylcholine and tolbutamide was decreased by fasting when compared to the fed state. This impairment in insulin secretion from pancreas obtained from fasted animals was partially prevented by concomitant reserpine administration. The impairment in insulin secretion from pancreas of fasted animals was also partially prevented by α–methyl tyrosine or para—chlorophenylalanine. Alpha—methyl—tyrosine and para—chlorophenylalanine did not alter insulin secretion from the pancreas of fed hamsters. These studies suggest that pancreatic monoamines may play a role in the decre...
Relating landscape characteristics to non-point source pollution in mine waste-located watersheds using geospatial techniques

Landscape characteristics of a watershed are important variables that influence surface water quality. Understanding the relationship between these variables and surface water quality is critical in predicting pollution potential and developing watershed management practices to eliminate or reduce pollution risk. To understand the impacts of landscape characteristics on water quality in mine waste-located watersheds, we conducted a case study in the Tri-State Mining District which is located in the conjunction of three states (Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma). Severe heavy metal pollution exists in that area resulting from historical mining activities. We characterized land use/land cover over the last three decades by classifying historical multi-temporal Landsat imagery. Landscape metrics such as proportion, edge density and contagion were calculated based on the classified imagery. In-stream water quality data over three decades were collected, including lead, zinc, iron, cadmium, aluminum and conductivity which were used as key water quality indicators. Statistical analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between landscape metrics and surface water quality. Results showed that landscape characteristics in mine waste-located watersheds could account for as much as 77% of the variation of water quality indicators. A single landscape metric alone, such as proportion of mine waste area, could be used to predict surface water quality; but its predicting power is limited, usually accounting for less than 60% of the variance of water quality indicators.
α-Cleavage of cellular prion protein.

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is subjected to various processing under physiological and pathological conditions, of which the α-cleavage within the central hydrophobic domain not only disrupts a region critical for both PrP toxicity and PrPC to PrPSc conversion but also produces the N1 fragment that is neuroprotective and the C1 fragment that enhances the pro-apoptotic effect of staurosporine in one report and inhibits prion in another. The proteases responsible for the α-cleavage of PrPC are controversial. The effect of ADAM10, ADAM17, and ADAM9 on N1 secretion clearly indicates their involvement in the α-cleavage of PrPC, but there has been no report of direct PrPC α-cleavage activity with any of the three ADAMs in a purified protein form. We demonstrated that, in muscle cells, ADAM8 is the primary protease for the α-cleavage of PrPC, but another unidentified protease(s) must also play a minor role. We also found that PrPC regulates ADAM8 expression, suggesting that a close examination on the relationships between PrPC and its processing enzymes may reveal novel roles and underlying mechanisms for PrPC in non-prion diseases such as asthma and cancer.
Alternative models for describing the bioconcentration of organics in fish

The accumulation of organic residues in fish is the result of competing rates of uptake and elimination, which can be modeled by pharmacokinetic techniques. Although first-order kinetics are usually assumed, they are rarely verified. Models with biphasic, second-order or Michaelis-Menten kinetics may prove to be better choices, depending on exposure level and mode of elimination. The well-known correlation between bioconcentration factor and partition coefficient (P) derives from separate correlations for the uptake and elimination rate constants with P. While such correlations appear to be linear in the range of log P = 2–5 for organics that are not metabolized, they sometimes fail at higher values of log P. A drug transport model is proposed to account for the “non-ideal” bioconcentration of a variety of organics in fish. According to this model, uptake is a nonlinear function of partition coefficient, water solubility and membrane permeability.
Finite and infinite dimensional generalizations of Klyachko's theorem

Abstract We describe the convex set of the eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices which are majorized by a sum of m Hermitian matrices with prescribed eigenvalues. We extend our characterization to selfadjoint nonnegative (definite) compact operators on a separable Hilbert space. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the eigenvalue sequence of a selfadjoint nonnegative compact operator of trace class to be a sum of m selfadjoint nonnegative compact operators of trace class with prescribed eigenvalue sequences.
Adaptive introgression of herbivore resistance traits in the weedy sunflower Helianthus annuus.

Abstract: The role of hybridization in adaptive evolution is contentious. While many cases of adaptive trait introgression have been proposed, the relevant traits have rarely been identified, resulting in a lack of clear examples of this process. Here, we examine a purported case of adaptive introgression in which the annual sunflower Helianthus annuus annuus has captured alleles from a congener (Helianthus debilis) to form a stabilized hybrid, Helianthus annuus texanus. We tested the hypotheses that herbivore resistance traits have introgressed from H. debilis to H. annuus and have increased adaptation in the latter. In two common gardens, fitness (estimated by seed production) was on average 55% higher in H. a. texanus than in H. a. annuus. For H. a. texanus, three damage traits (of seven tested) differed significantly from the H. a. annuus parent in one or both sites and were shifted in the direction of the more resistant H. debilis. Natural selection favored H. a. \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{am...
Differential protection of radiation-induced DNA single-strand breaks and cell survival by solcoseryl

V79 Chinese hamster cells were studied in vitro for modification of cobalt-60 gamma radiation effects by solcoseryl. This treatment did not modify cell survival but did protect against DNA single-strand breaks.
Electrical relaxation in a CdF2LiFAlF3PbF2 glass and melt

Abstract Electrical impedance measurements as a function of frequency were carried out on a CdF 2 LiFAlF 3 PbF 2 (CLAP) glass both below and above the glass transition temperature. Data were analyzed in the electric modulus formalism, and the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts β parameter characterizing the width of the distribution of electric field relaxation times determined. β was temperature-independent for the glass below the glass transition temperature, T g , but decreased with increasing temperature for the melt above T g . A similar temperature dependence of β above T g has been observed for fused nitrate, alkali silicate, alkali borosilicate and lead borate melts and for extremely concentrated electrolyte solutions, suggesting that this is a general phenomenon for ionically conducting liquids with large concentrations of mobile ions.
Brd4 engagement from chromatin targeting to transcriptional regulation: selective contact with acetylated histone H3 and H4

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) contains two tandem bromodomains (BD1 and BD2) that bind preferentially to acetylated lysine residues found in histones and nonhistone proteins. This molecular recognition allows Brd4 to associate with acetylated chromatin throughout the cell cycle and regulates transcription at targeted loci. Recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor b, and possibly the general initiation cofactor Mediator as well, plays an important role in Brd4-regulated transcription. Selective contacts with acetyl-lysines in nucleosomal histones and chromatin-binding factors likely provide a molecular switch modulating the steps from chromatin targeting to transcriptional regulation, thus further expanding the 'acetylation code' for combinatorial regulation in eukaryotes.
A case of severe anal injury in an adolescent male due to bestial sexual experimentation

This report delineates a case of anal injury in a 12-year-old boy who gave a detailed history of bestial behavior with a male bulldog. The child described how he had seen this behavior modeled on the internet and subsequently initiated contact with his own dog, causing the dog to penetrate him anally. This type of juvenile bestial behavior with injury has only been reported once previously in the medical literature. Zoophilia, along with a number of other paraphilias, frequently has its onset in the adolescent age group. Adolescents evidencing paraphilic behaviors require thorough psychological evaluation. Spontaneous sexual assault of a human by a canine has never been described in the human or veterinary medical literature, nor is such a thing likely. A clinician involved in evaluating serious ano-genital injury in a child reportedly due to spontaneous canine sexual assault must consider other possible traumatic etiologies including sexual abuse. Investigation in any such case is essential.
Domain wall oscillations in magnetic garnet films

Abstract Domain wall oscillations in magnetic garnet films have been observed in the stripe lattice and in the bubble lattice for applied in-plane magnetic fields approaching the saturation limit of the film. Observations are reported in (111) and (001) oriented films. An effective domain wall mass model is developed which allows the variation of the azimuthal angle of the spins in a moving wall when an in-plane field is applied in the plane of the wall. The new model gives results which are in much better agreement with the experimental results than previous models. Reasonable agreement is also observed between theory and experiment when the cubic anisotropy is included. Experimental evidence of the Hubert wall structure and its change for in-plane fields less than 8 M is also reported.
Retrospective ratings of 100 first time-documented stroke patients on the Functional Oral Intake Scale.

Purpose. This study investigated whether patients originally evaluated on the swallowing portion of the Functional Assessment Measure (SFAM), an instrument that when used independently of the Functional Assessment Measure (FAM) has questionable reliability and validity, would demonstrate clinically and statistically significant gains if measured on an instrument such as the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), which is valid and reliable. Second, this study questioned how easily the FOIS could be adopted at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center (RLANRC), a rehabilitation facility currently utilising the Functional Independence Measure and the SFAM. Additionally, this research addressed inter-rater reliability, the relationship between the SFAM and FOIS at admission and at discharge, and the clinical and statistical difference in ratings between the two scales.Method. Treatment was given at RLANRC in Downey, California. Subjects for this study consisted of 100 first time-documented acute stroke ...
Growing up under the gun: Children and adolescents coping with violent neighborhoods

Inner-city children are exposed to an environment fraught with violence. They are frequent victims of violence and even more frequent witnesses of violence. Exposure to violence can provoke a variety of responses in exposed children such as crying, tremors, withdrawal, etc. In addition to causing such acute stress reactions, exposure to violence can result in more lasting symptoms—including sleep disturbances, nightmares, anxiety, depression, and recurrent intrusive memories of the traumatic event. In many of these children such symptoms occur in combination and persist for long enough to justify a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. Children are most likely to cope successfully with community violence if they have an internal locus of control, a strong sense of self-efficacy, and an optimistic and planful attitude toward the future. Parental support is particularly important in helping children to cope with stress. Professional interventions in the family and school can help children to cope with such trauma. Such interventions attempt to help children to cope with violent situations by construing the situations in positive ways, by working toward attainable goals and by not allowing them to be overwhelmed by their fear and frustration, thus preventing the trauma from permanently affecting them.
Some principles for a data‐processing system in logistics

Some of the principles and concepts of a revised logistics data-processing system, proposed for the Air Force and developed at RAND, are discussed. These ideas provide a general framework in which a data-processing system might be developed that would be able to meet the operational needs of the 1960's. The ideas developed in this paper, although pointed particularly at the Air Force, might have relevance and use for the other military services and for industry in general.
Outline of restorative neurology: definition, clinical practice, assessment, intervention

Rather than focusing on the deficits and lost function caused by upper motor neuron lesions or disorders, it is more advantageous to elucidate, in each individual, the specific neural functions that remain available, and then, to build upon them by designing a treatment protocol to optimize their effectiveness and thus improve recovery. The practice of Restorative Neurology is based on detailed assessment of the individual patient, the use of neurophysiological methods to elucidate and characterize subclinical function and the application of interventions that modify neural activity to improve clinical function.
Boundary Objects as Rhetorical Exigence: Knowledge Mapping and Interdisciplinary Cooperation at the Los Alamos National Laboratory:

This article uses qualitative material gathered at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to construct a model of the rhetorical activity that occurs at the boundaries between diverse communitie...
Systems biology: Defiant daughters and coordinated cousins

Genetically identical cells can have many variable properties. A study of correlations between cells in a lineage explains paradoxical inheritance laws, in which mother and daughter cells seem less similar than cousins. See Letter p.468
Novel thin film composite membrane containing ionizable hydrophobes: pH-dependent reverse osmosis behavior and improved chlorine resistance

New polyamide thin film composite membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization of hexafluoroalcohol (HFA)-containing aromatic diamine and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on a porous polysulfone support. The surface properties of the resulting membranes were characterized by water contact angle, XPS, and SEM. Additionally, the desalination separation performance was evaluated by the cross-flow filtration of 2000 ppm NaCl solution. Water contact angle and XPS analyses indicated that the HFA-containing polyamide membrane is relatively hydrophobic at neutral conditions but becomes hydrophilic at basic conditions due to ionization of the HFA groups, so we refer to this group as an “ionizable hydrophobe” or “i-phobe”. The membrane showed strongly pH-dependent reverse osmosis behavior with enhanced performance (high water flux and high salt rejection) at high pH (ca. 10). Both the electron withdrawing nature and the steric bulkiness of the HFA functionality are also advantageous in protecting the polyamide membrane from chlorine attack. Based upon NMR studies of model polymers (linear polyamides with and without the HFA functionality) and the membrane performance measured before and after chlorine exposure, the HFA-containing polyamide has improved chlorine stability compared to the reference polyamide made from m-phenylenediamine and TMC.
Modeling and compensation of antenna RF switching non-idealities in OFDM receivers

Antenna RF switches are radio frequency components used in spatial diversity systems in wireless communi-cations. In this paper, we investigate the transient effects of the antenna RF switching on the receiver front-end. We show experimentally that the duration of this effect can be significant compared to an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) guard period used in wireless systems. A simple memoryless time-varying model of the antenna is then developed. After quantifying the performance degradation in an OFDM system caused by the RF switching, a digital compensator to minimize this performance degradation is presented.
Bone bruises: Their patterns and significance

MR imaging is sensitive in the detection of occult stress and posttraumatic fractures in and around the knee joint. In some patients, the pain from these bony injuries can mimic that of meniscal tears. The abnormality of the bone may explain completely the patient's symptoms and obviate the need for any further work-up. The types of injuries detected by MRI include bone bruises, stress or insufficiency fractures, and osteochondral fractures. Bone bruises or contusions are characterized by a diffuses or localized pattern of low signal intensity on T1-weighted images without a defined fracture. Blood, edema, hyperemia, and perhaps microfracture of the trabeculae may all contribute to the marrow signal alterations. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries often are accompanied by a characteristic bone contusion pattern, such as hemorrhage or edema in the posterior aspect of the lateral tibial plateau, as well as the anterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle.
Photogrammetric solution for projective reconstruction

This article proposes a novel solution for projective reconstruction for computer vision with non-metric camera. After a brief introduction of projective transformation as well as projective invariant and coordinates, the fundamental matrix is expressed as a production of two matrices, the projective base line matrix and the projective rotation matrix. This derivation is based on photogrammetric concepts and thus close similarity is found to the decomposition of the essential matrix for metric camera. A projective coefficient, which is proven to be the cross ratio of lengths of two conjugate projective rays, is therefore derived to calculate the homogeneous coordinates and projective coordinates (cross ratio of volume elements) of the projective model. In order to reconstruct the object from its projective model, as an extension to the well-known 2-D direct linear transformation (2-D DLT) solution for metric camera in conventional photogrammetry, a 3-D DLT solution is proposed. The reconstruction is linearly completed with minimum five conjugate known object points. Test results and analyses verify the solution and methodology.