cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative XRD bulk and clay mineralogical determination of paleosol sections of Unayzah and Basal Khuff clastics in Saudi Arabia

Quantitative XRD analysis was performed on 172 samples mainly containing the paleosol section of Unayzah and Basal Khuff clastics taken from the cores of one well drilled by Saudi Aramco. Quantitative XRD bulk mineralogical determination was achieved using Rietveld refinement method whereas Quantitative XRD clay mineralogical determination of clay-size fraction was obtained using RIR method. The XRD results indicate that the samples from paleosol section consist mainly of quartz and feldspar (microcline and albite) as framework constituents. The cement minerals include dolomite, hematite, anhydrite, siderite, gypsum, calcite, and pyrite. Clay minerals are important constituents in paleosols. The XRD results show that clay minerals in the samples are illite, mixed layer illite/smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite. No discrete smectite is present in the samples. The clay mineral associations in these samples of paleosol section can be classified into three types: Type-I: illite and mixed layer illite/smectite dominated; Type-II: kaolinite dominated; Type-III: illite, mixed layer illite/smectite, and kaolinite associated. The change of clay mineral association type with sample depth can indicate the change of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. For example, kaolinite usually forms under strongly leaching conditions: abundant rainfall, good drainage, and acid waters. Therefore, XRD mineralogical data of paleosol section is important for petroleum geologists to study paleoclimate and paleoenvironment and to predict the reservoir quality of the associated rock formations.
Functional constraints as algebraic manifolds in a Clifford algebra

The characterization of the relative position of parts in an assembly can be viewed as a generalized robot kinematics problem in which the set of acceptable assemblies is the workspace of the system. The authors show how the Clifford algebra of projective space provides algebraic manifolds characterizing this allowable movement in an assembly. They examine six basic constraints that represent the mating of cylindrical, spherical, and polyhedral features: pure rotation about a line, pure rotation about a point, pure translation along a line, contact of a point with a plane, contact of a plane with a point, and contact of a line with a line. The authors derive parametric and algebraic formulas for the six primitive functional constraints. To illustrate how this theory gives a geometric form to functional constraints, the hyperboloid that defines the planar peg-in-hole constraint is derived. It is shown that the constraint that two pegs fit into two holes is the intersection of two hyperboloids. >
Initiation of Motion of Calcareous Sand

This paper examines the initiation of motion of four natural and five sieved calcareous sand samples in unidirectional flow. Flume experiments yield the sediment transport rate as a function of bed shear stress up to bed-form development. Reference-based criteria are supplemented by visual observations to determine the critical shear stress. The results are compared with published data for rounded and irregular particles in terms of the median sieve size and the corresponding nominal and equivalent diameters as functions of particle Reynolds number. The comparison shows that the critical shear stresses of the irregular particles are higher than the Shields curve in the hydraulically smooth flow regime and lower in the rough turbulent flow regime.
Distribution and persistence of pleural penetrations by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Background Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are new manufactured nanomaterials with a wide spectrum of commercial applications. The durability and fiber-like dimensions (mean length 3.9 μm long × 49 nm diameter) of MWCNT suggest that these fibers may migrate to and have toxicity within the pleural region. To address whether the pleura received a significant and persistent exposure, C57BL/6J mice were exposed by pharyngeal aspiration to 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg MWCNT or vehicle and the distribution of MWCNT penetrations determined at 1, 7, 28 and 56 days after exposure. Following lung fixation and sectioning, morphometric methods were used to determine the distribution of MWCNT and the number of MWCNT fiber penetrations of three barriers: alveolar epithelium (alveolar penetrations), the alveolar epithelium immediately adjacent to the pleura (subpleural tissue), and visceral pleural surface (intrapleural space).
Negativity and lies in analytic group therapy: an inquiry into Bion's ideas of K and -K.

In this paper a kind of therapeutic failure in psychoanalytic group work, one that is common but frequently overlooked, is described. Essentially this failure is the result of patients who mislead ...
Market Receptiveness To Franchise Systems In The Health Care Industry

In this study, cluster analysis is used to identify two consumer segments that differ in responsiveness toward franchised health care systems. These receptive and unreceptive clusters are differentiated in terms of the importance of health care constructs as well as in demographic characteristics. Younger, male respondents who live with a larger number of residents in the household may be the most receptive to franchise options, while the majority of all respondents seem open to the idea of franchised services. Further, results from this sample support the importance of competence, accessibility, empathy, and pricing to consumers in selecting health care providers, with less emphasis on local ownership.
Optimizing Performance, Health, and Well-being: Nutritional Factors

ABSTRACT Nutrition is essential for maintaining peak health and performance of Warfighters. This review will focus on a series of nutrients of concern for female Warfighters. Biological function, dietary sources, and requirements will be reviewed, and recommendations for women in combat roles will be provided. Iron, essential for physical and cognitive performance, is critical for female Warfighters because of elevated dietary requirements as compared to male Warfighters, as well as declines in iron status that may occur in response to physical activities, such as military training. Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health, and should be considered in efforts to prevent stress fractures, which occur with greater frequency in female Warfighters as compared to their male counterparts. Folate, essential for the prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy and gestation, is critical for female Warfighters because of elevated dietary requirements before pregnancy. Providing optimal levels of t...
Activated Sludge Process in Sulphate Pulp Waste Liquor

Activated sludge process has already been devoted to remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in many pulping waste. In this report, activated sludge process was described about mainly alkaline-extraction waste in sulphate pulp process.BOD loading is able to increase to 0.8 (kg-BOD/kg-MLSS. day). In this case, SVI value is about 50 to 80, and BOD removed percent is about 90. But COD removed percent is about 30, and so the color of effluent is not largely different from influent.
Ephrin-As cooperate with EphA4 to promote trunk neural crest migration

Trunk neural crest cells delaminate from the dorsal neural tube and migrate on two distinct pathways: a dorsolateral route, between the ectoderm and somites,and a ventromedial route, through the somitic mesoderm. Neural crest cells that migrate ventromedially travel in a segmental manner through rostral half-somites, avoiding caudal halves. Recent studies demonstrate that various molecular cues guide the migration of neural crest cells, primarily by serving as inhibitors to premature pathway entry orby preventing neural crest from entering inappropriate territories. Trajectories of migrating trunk neural crest are well organized and generally linear in nature, suggesting that positive, migration-promoting factors may be responsible for this organized cell behavior. However, the identity of these factors and their function are not well understood. Here we examine the expression of members of the EphA subclass of receptor tyrosine kinases and ephrins using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Neural crest cells express ephrins and EphA4 at distinct stages during their migration. In functional analyses, addition of ephrin-A2-, ephrin-A5-, and EphA4-Fc disrupted the segmental organization of trunk neural crest migration in explants: neural crest cells entered rostral and caudal halves of somites. Finally, to test the specific effects of these factors on cell behavior, neural crest cells were exposed in vitro to substrate-bound EphA and ephrin-As. Surprisingly, neural crest cells avoided ephrin-A2 or ephrin-A5 substrates; this avoidance was abolished by the addition of EphA4. Together, these data suggest that ephrin-As and EphA4 cooperate to positively promote the migration of neural crest cells through rostral half somites in vivo.
THU0375 Inhibition of Stat3 Alleviates Nephritis in Lupus Prone Mice

Background Previous data have shown that the transcription factor Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is increased in patients with SLE and is directly responsible for aberrant in vitro T cell migration (1). Moreover STAT3 plays a central role in T cell differentiation into pathogenic Th17 as well as T follicular helper cells, two T cell subsets that are thought to orchestrate autoimmune responses in SLE (2). Objectives To better understand the role of STAT3 in SLE, we used the small molecule Stattic to inhibit its activation in lupus prone MRL/lpr mice. Methods MRL/ lpr mice were treated 3 times per week with 10 mg/kg of the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic or vehicle delivered intraperitoneally beginning at 6 weeks of age and continuing through 15 weeks of age. The kidney function was monitored weekly by urinalysis. Levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, C3 and various cytokines were measured in the serum. At the conclusion of treatment, tissues were harvested for histology and phenotypic analysis. In vitro assessment of the effects of Stattic treatment on T cell function was also performed. Results Stattic treated mice exhibited a delay in the onset of proteinuria by approximately 3 weeks. Stattic treated mice had lower levels of anti-dsDNA production (mean=1771 U/ml in treated vs. 32174 U/ml in control) and inflammatory cytokine production (serum IL-17 levels approximately 2-fold higher in untreated mice). Inhibitor treatment reduced lymphadenopathy, and resulted in a decrease in the total number of T cells in treated mice. Absolute numbers of T cells were 3-4 fold higher in untreated mice. Furthermore, the numbers of T follicular helper cells were reduced in Stattic treated mice by 4-fold. Complimentary in vitro experiments showed that T cells treated with Stattic exhibited a dose dependent decrease in proliferation and an approximately 70% decrease in their ability to migrate in response to CXCL12 stimulation. Conclusions From the data generated in this study, we conclude that treatment of lupus prone mice with a STAT3 inhibitor delays the onset of autoimmunity and end-kidney damage. Our in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that STAT3 inhibition leads to the following: a. decreased T cell proliferation, b. decreased Tfh cells and decreased anti-dsDNA production, and c. decreased cell migration in response to chemokines. We propose that STAT3 inhibition represents a therapeutic target in SLE and in particular lupus nephritis. References Harada T, Kyttaris VC, Li Y, Juang Y-T, Wang Y, Tsokos GC. Increased expression of STAT3 in SLE T cells contributes to enhanced chemokine-mediated cell migration. Autoimmunity 2007; 40(1): 1-8. Crispin JC, Kyttaris VC, Terhorst C, Tsokos GC. T cells as therapeutic targets in SLE. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 6(6): 317-25. Acknowledgements Masayuki Misui, Stacy Rivera and Linsday Edwards performed the in vitro experiments and helped with data analysis. Disclosure of Interest V. Kyttaris Grant/research support from: CSL/Behring, Bristol Myer Squibb
Kinetics of charged antibiotic penetration into human intervertebral discs: A numerical study

Little quantitative information exists on the kinetics of charged antibiotic penetration into human intervertebral discs (IVD). This information is crucial for determining the dosage to use, timing of administration, and duration of treatment for infected IVDs. The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the transport of various charged antibiotics into human lumbar IVDs. Penetration of charged and uncharged antibiotics into a human lumbar disc was analyzed using a 3D finite element model. The valence (z) of the electrical charge of antibiotics varied from z=+2 (positively charged) to z=−2 (negatively charged). An uncharged antibiotic (z=0) was used as a control. Cases with intravenous (IV) administrations of different charged antibiotics were simulated. Our results showed that the electrical charge had great effects on kinetics of an antibiotic penetration into the IVD; with higher concentrations and uptakes for positively charged antibiotics than those for negatively charged ones. This study provides quantitative information on selecting antibiotics for treating intervertebral disc infections.
Caregiver Configurations and Bullying Among High School Students

Research suggests substantial numbers of children living outside the care of their biological parents manifest psychosocial problems. High school students in these placements sometimes experience neglect or abuse that result in behavioral problems, symptoms of PTSD, and the potential for bullying involvement. Bullying in high school is particularly harmful because it is associated with serious school violence, higher risks for suicidal ideation, and long term negative outcomes. This present study applies Kruskal–Wallis H and Mann–Whitney U tests to investigate rates of bullying and victimization of high school students living with caregivers in out-of-home placements compared to peers living in six other caregiver configurations. Findings from the nationally representative and standardized “Health Behavior in School-aged Children” survey of 3793 participants reveal high school students in out-of-home placements are victims, but not perpetrators, of bullying more frequently than their peers. Treatment strategies are offered to stop bullying victimization with this population.
Size Dependent Absorption Anisotropy Measurements of CdSe Nanocrystals: Symmetry Assignments for the Lowest Electronic States

Absorption anisotropy measurements reveal the symmetry of the lowest electronic state in CdSe nanocrystals switches from E to A with decreasing nanocrystal diameter. This size dependence originates from a competition between the intrinsic wurtzite crystal field and the nonspherical shape of the nanocrystal.
The role of atrial natriuretic peptide to attenuate inflammation in a mouse skin wound and individually perfused rat mesenteric microvessels

We tested the hypothesis that the anti‐inflammatory actions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) result from the modulation of leukocyte adhesion to inflamed endothelium and not solely ANP ligation of endothelial receptors to stabilize endothelial barrier function. We measured vascular permeability to albumin and accumulation of fluorescent neutrophils in a full‐thickness skin wound on the flank of LysM‐EGFP mice 24 h after formation. Vascular permeability in individually perfused rat mesenteric microvessels was also measured after leukocytes were washed out of the vessel lumen. Thrombin increased albumin permeability and increased the accumulation of neutrophils. The thrombin‐induced inflammatory responses were attenuated by pretreating the wound with ANP (30 min). During pretreatment ANP did not lower permeability, but transiently increased baseline albumin permeability concomitant with the reduction in neutrophil accumulation. ANP did not attenuate acute increases in permeability to histamine and bradykinin in individually perfused rat microvessels. The hypothesis that anti‐inflammatory actions of ANP depend solely on endothelial responses that stabilize the endothelial barrier is not supported by our results in either individually perfused microvessels in the absence of circulating leukocytes or the more chronic skin wound model. Our results conform to the alternate hypothesis that ANP modulates the interaction of leukocytes with the inflamed microvascular wall of the 24 h wound. Taken together with our previous observations that ANP reduces deformability of neutrophils and their strength of attachment, rolling, and transvascular migration, these observations provide the basis for additional investigations of ANP as an anti‐inflammatory agent to modulate leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions.
An Empirical Investigation of the Scalability of a Multiple Viewpoint CBIR System

Our work in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) relies on content-analysis of multiple representations of an image which we term multiple viewpoints or channels. The conceptual idea is to place each image in multiple feature spaces and then perform retrieval by querying each of these spaces and merging the several responses. We have shown that a simple realization of this strategy can be used to boost the retrieval effectiveness of conventional CBIR. In this work we evaluate our framework in a larger, more demanding test environment and find that while absolute retrieval effectiveness is reduced, substantial relative improvement can be consistently attained.
Novel lipoproteoplex delivers Keap1 siRNA based gene therapy to accelerate diabetic wound healing

Therapeutics utilizing siRNA are currently limited by the availability of safe and effective delivery systems. Cutaneous diseases, specifically ones with significant genetic components are ideal candidates for topical siRNA based therapy but the anatomical structure of skin presents a considerable hurdle. Here, we optimized a novel liposome and protein hybrid nanoparticle delivery system for the topical treatment of diabetic wounds with severe oxidative stress. We utilized a cationic lipid nanoparticle (CLN) composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and the edge activator sodium cholate (NaChol), in a 6:1 ratio of DOTAP:NaChol (DNC). Addition of a cationic engineered supercharged coiled-coil protein (CSP) in a 10:1:1 ratio of DNC:CSP:siRNA produced a stable lipoproteoplex (LPP) nanoparticle, with optimal siRNA complexation, minimal cytotoxicity, and increased transfection efficacy. In a humanized murine diabetic wound healing model, our optimized LPP formulation successfully delivered siRNA targeted against Keap1, key repressor of Nrf2 which is a central regulator of redox mechanisms. Application of LPP complexing siKeap1 restored Nrf2 antioxidant function, accelerated diabetic tissue regeneration, and augmented reduction-oxidation homeostasis in the wound environment. Our topical LPP delivery system can readily be translated into clinical use for the treatment of diabetic wounds and can be extended to other cutaneous diseases with genetic components.
Mechanosensation is evolutionarily tuned to locomotor mechanics

The biomechanics of animal limbs has evolved to meet the functional demands for movement associated with different behaviors and environments. Effective movement relies not only on limb mechanics but also on appropriate mechanosensory feedback. By comparing sensory ability and mechanics within a phylogenetic framework, we show that peripheral mechanosensation has evolved with limb biomechanics, evolutionarily tuning the neuromechanical system to its functional demands. We examined sensory physiology and mechanics of the pectoral fins, forelimb homologs, in the fish family Labridae. Labrid fishes exhibit extraordinary morphological and behavioral diversity and use pectoral fin-based propulsion with fins ranging in shape from high aspect ratio (AR) wing-like fins to low AR paddle-like fins. Phylogenetic character analysis demonstrates that high AR fins evolved independently multiple times in this group. Four pairs of species were examined; each included a plesiomorphic low AR and a high AR species. Within each species pair, the high AR species demonstrated significantly stiffer fin rays in comparison with the low AR species. Afferent sensory nerve activity was recorded during fin ray bending. In all cases, afferents of stiffer fins were more sensitive at lower displacement amplitudes, demonstrating mechanosensory tuning to fin mechanics and a consistent pattern of correlated evolution. We suggest that these data provide a clear example of parallel evolution in a complex neuromechanical system, with a strong link between multiple phenotypic characters: pectoral fin shape, swimming behavior, fin ray stiffness, and mechanosensory sensitivity.
Conceptualizing, Building, and Evaluating University Practices for Community Engagement

Tulane University’s unique situation after Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans in 2005 led to a reinvention of the university with a focus for students and faculty on community engagement. This article tells the story of the formation of Tulane’s Center for Public Service, and its programs and activities. The article also highlights perceptions of students, faculty, and community agency members on aspects of Tulane’s endeavors to encourage and support university-community engagement.
Analysis of Smoking and Drinking Relapse in an Online Community

Online communities and social media are known to play an important role in improving health efficacy and well-being. In this paper, we examine the role of such platforms in promoting smoking and drinking cessation. We focus on two support communities on Reddit, StopSmoking and StopDrinking, to analyze relapse events among several thousand individuals. For this purpose, we formulate and identify the key engagement and linguistic characteristics of abstainers and relapsers based on participation in the communities spanning almost nine years, and we employ a robust statistical methodology based on survival analysis to examine how participation and these characteristics relate to likelihood of relapse. Our results show that half of the population is at a high risk of relapse within 1-2 months of cessation attempts; however, individuals who continue to abstain beyond three years tend to maintain high likelihood of sustained abstinence. Furthermore, we find positive affect and increased social engagement to be predictors of abstinence. We discuss the implications of our work in tracking effectiveness of online health communities and for designing health interventions.
Hybrid colored noise process with space-dependent switching rates.

A fundamental issue in the theory of continuous stochastic process is the interpretation of multiplicative white noise, which is often referred to as the It\^o-Stratonovich dilemma. From a physical perspective, this reflects the need to introduce additional constraints in order to specify the nature of the noise, whereas from a mathematical perspective it reflects an ambiguity in the formulation of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Recently, we have identified a mechanism for obtaining an It\^o SDE based on a form of temporal disorder. Motivated by switching processes in molecular biology, we considered a Brownian particle that randomly switches between two distinct conformational states with different diffusivities. In each state, the particle undergoes normal diffusion (additive noise) so there is no ambiguity in the interpretation of the noise. However, if the switching rates depend on position, then in the fast switching limit one obtains Brownian motion with a space-dependent diffusivity of the It\^o form. In this paper, we extend our theory to include colored additive noise. We show that the nature of the effective multiplicative noise process obtained by taking both the white-noise limit $(\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0)$ and fast switching limit $(\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0)$ depends on the order the two limits are taken. If the white-noise limit is taken first, then we obtain It\^o, and if the fast switching limit is taken first, then we obtain Stratonovich. Moreover, the form of the effective diffusion coefficient differs in the two cases. The latter result holds even in the case of space-independent transition rates, where one obtains additive noise processes with different diffusion coefficients. Finally, we show that yet another form of multiplicative noise is obtained in the simultaneous limit $\ensuremath{\epsilon},\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ with $\ensuremath{\epsilon}/{\ensuremath{\kappa}}^{2}$ fixed.
Deterministic and Probabilistic Assessment of Liquefaction Hazards using the Liquefaction Potential Index and Liquefaction Reduction Number

AbstractThe liquefaction potential index (LPI) has increasingly been used for assessing liquefaction hazards induced by earthquake shaking. The LPI allows an integral number of soil horizons to be ...
Low-Level Properties in Perceptual Experience

Whether perceptual experience represents high-level properties like causation and natural-kind in virtue of its phenomenology is an open question in philosophy of mind. While the question of high-l...
Budgeting Biases Across Consumption Categories: An Abstract

Construal level theory (CLT, Trope & Liberman, 2003) proposes that temporal distance changes one’s mental representation of events such that events spanning over longer horizons are represented in terms of abstract features rather than more concrete and incidental details. Furthermore, consumers at a higher level construal tend to focus on the desirability of an activity’s end state, whereas those at a lower level construal tend to focus on the feasibility of the means (Liberman & Trope, 1998). Given that utilitarian expenses are generally instrumental and perceived as means to an end, whereas hedonic expenses are more likely to be perceived as an end goal normally associated with sensory and experiential fulfillments (Batra & Ahtola, 1990; Hirschman & Holbrook, 1982), it is plausible that budget setting for hedonic versus utilitarian categories varies as a function of construal level. If at higher levels of construal consumers focus on the desirability of an activity’s end state, budgeting of hedonic purchases should be higher when a higher (versus lower) construal is activated. Alternatively, the instrumental value of utilitarian purchases would not vary as much across construal-level conditions leading to minimal changes in budget setting across construal levels.
Efficacy of anuran trapping and monitoring techniques in the tropical forests of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea

Anurans are of particular importance in monitoring the ecosystems of tropical environments. Existing literature reveals little standardization in methodology, and many of the techniques that have been shown to be effective in deciduous environments, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) refuges and pitfall traps, are either inadequate or too difficult to implement in tropical environments. This study evaluated three anuran trapping and monitoring techniques for use in a tropical environment: PVC pipe refuges, pitfall traps, and anuran census. Prior research validated the use of PVC refuges and pitfall traps in deciduous forests, but their use outside of the Americas has not been thoroughly examined. PVC refuges failed to attract anurans in this study, likely due to the abundance of natural refugia characteristic of tropical environments with dense foliage. Pitfall traps utilizing 19-liter buckets are difficult to implement in rocky soil and were shown to be ineffective utilizing buckets small enough to implement in this research. The modifications to the pitfall traps made in this research allowed for effective use with smaller, easier to install buckets. The anuran census described in this study utilizes established trails or paths for a continuous census. This study shows evidence for the effective utilization of both modified pitfall trapping and anuran census in monitoring population densities, assessing species richness, and detecting the presence of rare or cryptic species.
Electronic Effects in 4-Substituted Bis(imino)pyridines and the Corresponding Reduced Iron Compounds

A family of 4-substituted bis(imino)pyridines, 4-X-iPrPDI (4-X-iPrPDI = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2-C6H3N═CMe)2-4-X-C5H2N; X = CF3, tBu, Bn, NMe2), has been synthesized and the iron coordination chemistry studied. Sodium amalgam reduction of the iron dihalides (4-X-iPrPDI)FeX2 (X = Cl, Br) in the presence of excess carbon monoxide furnished the corresponding iron dicarbonyl compounds (4-X-iPrPDI)Fe(CO)2. Equilibrium mixtures of the four- and five-coordinate iron dinitrogen compounds (4-X-iPrPDI)FeN2 and (4-X-iPrPDI)Fe(N2)2 were prepared by performing the sodium amalgam reduction of the iron dihalides under a dinitrogen atmosphere. Electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements were conducted on the free ligands and the iron derivatives to systematically evaluate the influence of each para pyridine substituent on the electronic structure of the compound.
The VBAC dilemma

Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) has been a contentious and controversial issue for fifty years. Once a woman is delivered by cesarean, her options in a subsequent pregnancy are either a planned trial of labor or a planned elective repeat cesarean. There are no randomized trials comparing the two choices to definitively guide patients and physicians. Complicating the VBAC issue is the rising primary cesarean rate, viewed by many as too high, at a time when VBAC rates are decreasing.
Online yoga as a non-pharmacologic symptom management approach in myeloproliferative neoplasms.

e21704Background: Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have difficult symptom burden (i.e. fatigue, pruritus, night sweats) not resolved by current medical therapies including jak inhib...
Field Focusing with Novel Implantable Lens Designs using 3D Printing

In this paper, we present two novel 3D implantable lens designs to provide power focusing of electromagnetic fields, based on the 3D printing concept, and applicable for wireless power transmission into the human body. The first design consists of concentric conductive rings inside the tissue. The second design is made of two wires, making it possible to focus any arbitrary polarization by choosing appropriate orientations. Also, we propose a fundamentally different approach to 3D printing for medical applications −3D printing inside the body - which reduces the risk of infection and surgical complication, thus improving patient recovery.
Diagnostic utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization testing on cytology cell blocks for the definitive classification of salivary gland neoplasms.

Introduction Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a minimally invasive modality to evaluate salivary gland neoplasms and help guide clinical management. However, significant overlap in the cytomorphology findings among salivary gland neoplasms often renders the definitive diagnosis challenging. Recently, a number of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors have been characterized by specific chromosomal aberrations detectable using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing. In the present study, we evaluated the role of FISH testing performed on cytology cell blocks in the diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms by FNAB. Materials and methods The data from 57 cases of primary salivary gland tumors diagnosed using FNAB at our institution and sent for ancillary FISH testing between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The FISH studies were performed on cytology cell blocks, and break-apart probes were used to detect characteristic gene rearrangements for PLAG1, MYB, MAML2, and ETV6 for pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and secretory carcinoma (mammary analogue secretory carcinoma), respectively. Of the 57 cases sent for FISH testing, 6 were excluded because of FISH analysis failure (insufficient cell block cellularity). Results Of the 51 cases included in the analysis, 15 samples were successfully subclassified after FISH testing, and 10 of these 15 FISH-positive cases were diagnostically confirmed by the surgical pathology review of excision material. Forty cases overall had undergone subsequent excision with the histopathologic follow-up diagnosis available, and all subclassified cases had concordant FNAB, FISH, and excision diagnoses. Conclusions FISH testing performed on cytology cell blocks is a useful adjunct in establishing the diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms by FNAB.
Chapter 10 – Translational Medicine and Biomarkers

In 1976, the cost of developing new therapy was approximately $137 million, but by 2011 this figure had ballooned to $1.7 billion. This dramatic rise in cost led many in the pharmaceutical sector, government, and academic institutions to formalize effort to increase the efficiency of drug discovery and development. The fields of translational medicine and biomarker science have been critical components of efforts to create a “bench to bedside” approach to the development of the next generation of therapies. These fields are focused on creating knowledge bridges between clinical observations and laboratory discoveries as means of leveraging scientific knowledge to speed the process of drug discovery and development.
Do voluntary associations reduce hunger? An empirical exploration of the social capital- food security nexus among food impoverished households in western Nepal

Using involvement in voluntary associations and the density of community groups as measures of social capital, the paper empirically examines its potential interlink with food security. To account for the potentially endogenous nature of individual social capital, we used a multi-equation recursive modeling framework allowing for contemporaneous correlation across equations. We demonstrate that strengthening social capital can be an effective way of combatting extreme food insecurity. However, our empirical findings also highlight a cautionary note, that lumping all forms of social capital into one unit to force a uniform narrative about its impacts can be misleading. Using cross sectional household data from food-impoverished western Nepal, we show that participation in finance-related associations has a direct impact on hunger mitigation, whereas associations that have informational or other roles do not have such an impact. Our findings suggest that community level social capital may have “environmental” effects that can lead to positive food security outcomes. On the other hand, while involvement in informational associations has no direct significant impact on the prevalence of hunger, we found that they help to improve the nutritional quality of diets, thereby circuitously leading to improvements in the food security status of women in Nepal.
Genre and Subjectification in Janine Antoni’s Loving Care

In her 2008 book, The Female Complaint: The Unfinished Business of Sentimentality in Popular Culture, Lauren Berlant writes, “femininity is a genre… an aesthetic structure of affective expectation… promising that the persons transacting with it will experience the pleasure of encountering what they expected, with details varying in the theme”. This perspective provides a grounding for Berlant to argue that popular culture offers conventions of female experience marked by sentimentality, specifically, the disappointments in the relationship between fantasy and lived intimacy. Central to Berlant’s work is a desire for conventionality- through adherence to convention, one becomes a social subject. This echoes but is distinct from the work of poststructuralists, who regards the assumption of a sexual identification as how one moves out of the abject into the social realm. The interaction between an individual and the genre of femininity as domestic, intimate, and emotionally fraught is useful to understanding Janine Antoni’s 1993 performance Loving Care. In Loving Care, the artist dipped her hair in a bucket of black hair dye and, on her hands a knees, used it to mop the floor. This essay will argue that Antoni’s performance is a self-conscious reiteration (and exaggeration) of feminine convention. Through dying hair and mopping, Loving Care shows the desire to become a social subject, a woman. Through representions, womanhood has developed a shared understanding of being inherently straining and tenuous, with its obligations of beauty and emotional labor as prerequisite to social belonging and desirability. Antoni’s performance will be analyzed as an experience imagined by the viewer, one that attempts to perform the process of the formation of a subjectivity.
Bildung Between Praxis and Theoria: A Philosophical Study of an Exemplary Anecdote

This paper is part of a broader project in which I investigate autobiographical experiences and transcribed memories. Specifically, this essay analyzes the potential linkages between philosophical ideas and everyday social existence. First, I consider the correspondence between an anecdote from my own lived experience and the concept of Bildung—a multidimensional notion loosely translated as “formation,” “self-formation,” “cultivation,” “self-cultivation,” “self-development,” “cultural process,” and so on. Building on Hegel’s and Gadamer’s contributions to Bildungstheorie, I introduce readers to the concept. Then, in analyzing my anecdote, I destabilize the concept and demonstrate that any act of Bildung can be trivialized easily by Ruckbildung (reverse-Bildung). The general scope of this essay is neither to contribute to the systematization of the concept of Bildung nor to discuss potential commonalities within the realm of interpretative contributions to this notion. Instead, I demonstrate that thinkers cannot measure this concept with a set of fixed criteria and, finally, I propose a critical understanding of Bildung through a dialogue of theoria and praxis.
Development of a Conceptual Framework for Severe Self-Neglect (SN) by Modifying the CREST Model for Self-Neglect

Self-neglect is an inability or refusal to meet one's own basic needs as accepted by societal norms and is the most common report received by state agencies charged with investigating abuse, neglect and exploitation of vulnerable adults. Self-neglect is often seen in addition to one or multiple conditions of frailty, mild to severe dementia, poor sleep and depression. While awareness of elder self-neglect as a public health condition and intervention has significantly risen in the past decade as evidenced by the increasing amount of literature available, research on self-neglect still lacks comprehensiveness and clarity since its inception to the medical literature in the late 1960s. With the burgeoning of the older adult population, commonness of self-neglect will most likely increase as the current incidence rate represents only the "tip of the iceberg" theory given that most cases are unreported. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the incidence of self-neglect in aged populations and the need for the use of intervention tools for aging adults and geriatric patients living alone, many of which may include in-home artificial intelligence systems. Despite this, little research has been conducted on aspects of self-neglect other than definition and identification. Substantial further study of this disorder's etiology, educating society on early detection, and conceivably preventing this syndrome altogether or at least halting progression and abating its severity is needed. The purpose of this research is to provide a definition of severe self-neglect, identify key concepts related to self-neglect, comprehensively describe this syndrome, present a conceptual framework and analyze the model for its usefulness, generalizability, parsimony, and testability.
Bohmian Philosophy of Mind

It has been suggested by some proponents of Bohm’s theory that it requires a special account of mental awareness--that the Bohmian solution to the measurement problem rests on direct awareness of the particle configuration in one's own brain. This suggestion leads to two criticisms of Bohm’s theory: first, that direct awareness of particle configuration is a highly implausible account of the mental; and second, that such direct awareness leads to violations of the quantum no-signalling theorem. I argue that Bohm’s theory requires no special account of mental awareness, and hence that neither of these problems arises.
ITeM: Independent Temporal Motifs to Summarize and Compare Temporal Networks

Networks are a fundamental and flexible way of representing various complex systems. Many domains such as communication, citation, procurement, biology, social media, and transportation can be modeled as a set of entities and their relationships. Temporal networks are a specialization of general networks where the temporal evolution of the system is as important to understand as the structure of the entities and relationships. We present the Independent Temporal Motif (ITeM) to characterize temporal graphs from different domains. The ITeMs are edge-disjoint temporal motifs that can be used to model the structure and the evolution of the graph. For a given temporal graph, we produce a feature vector of ITeM frequencies and apply this distribution to the task of measuring the similarity of temporal graphs. We show that ITeM has higher accuracy than other motif frequency-based approaches. We define various metrics based on ITeM that reveal salient properties of a temporal network. We also present importance sampling as a method for efficiently estimating the ITeM counts. We evaluate our approach on both synthetic and real temporal networks.
Subclavian Artery Branch Pseudoaneurysm Rupture With Massive Hemothorax in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a rare disorder that occurs secondary to pathogenic variants in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17. Characteristic clinical manifestations include multiple hyperpigmented macules, axillary and inguinal freckling, optic gliomas, and numerous skin neurofibromas. Vasculopathies are a rare complication of this disease and can affect vessels ranging from the proximal aorta to small arterioles, with pathology including arterial stenosis, aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations. Aneurysms in these patients are often asymptomatic, and most patients with this complication appear for treatment after vessel rupture. We describe a 33-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 who presented with chest pain and was ultimately found to have a ruptured left subclavian artery branch pseudoaneurysm leading to a large hemothorax.
Do Coping Strategies Differentially Mediate the Relationship Between Emotional Closeness and Complicated Grief and Depression

Although complicated grief (CG) following the death of a loved one has traditionally been viewed as avoidance-driven, recent research implicates approach behavior. Researchers have investigated how...
Pediatric delirium: epidemiology and outcomes.

Purpose of review Delirium is a frequent complication of serious medical illness in children. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent data on the epidemiology and outcomes related to pediatric delirium, and discuss prevention strategies. Recent findings Delirium rates in the pediatric ICU are greater than 25%. Delirium in children is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and hospital length of stay, increased costs, and excess mortality. Pediatric delirium may affect postdischarge cognition and quality of life. Recent initiatives targeting universal screening, early mobilization, and minimization of benzodiazepine-based sedation have shown reduction in delirium prevalence. Summary Widespread screening is needed in critically ill children to detect and mitigate delirium. The identification of modifiable risk factors has provided an opportunity for delirium prevention. Large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the long-term sequelae of delirium in children.
Detection of cerebral blood flow and hemoglobin oxygenation using diffuse correlation spectroscopy and frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy during carotid endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a prophylactic operation to remove plaques inside carotid arteries, during which the patients are at high risk of embolic stroke. CEA is performed at carotid bifurcation, where carotid arteries are cross-clamping in order to isolate from circulation. However, there has been no gold standard for monitoring blood flow during CEA. Here, we aimed to investigate changes in the blood flow index (CBFi) and hemoglobin oxygenation with a combined frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) system in patients who underwent CEA. Our results revealed that CBFi and total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) dropped substantially (58±14% and 18±10%, respectively) when the carotid arteries were cross-clamped. We also found that overshoot in CBFi and HbT was noticeably higher respect to the baseline before clamping (22±43% and 38±23%, respectively). Oxygen saturation at carotid clamping dropped by an average of 8−5% with respect to the pre-clamp baseline. At unclamping, oxygen saturation had an average overshoot of 2±9% with respect to the baseline level. According to our results, FDNIRS-DCS could be a robust tool for observing vascular physiology changes during CEA. Furthermore, as an indicator of cerebral hemodynamic and a proper perioperative blood flow monitoring, FDNIRS-DCS could help mitigate some of the risks and complications that follow CEA procedures.
Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy of 1-stearoyl- 2-docosahexaenoyl, 1-stearoyl- 2-arachidonoyl, and 1,2-stearoyl phosphocholines.

Abstract Mixed chain phospholipids containing a saturated fatty acid at sn1 and a polyunsaturated fatty acid in sn2 are common in the specialized biological membranes prevalent in neural, retinal and organ tissues. Particularly important are mixed lipids containing palmitic or stearic acid and arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acid. Gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy (GTRS) applies the temperature gradients utilized in differential scanning calorimetry to Raman spectroscopy, providing a straightforward technique to identify molecular rearrangements and phase transitions. Herein we utilize GTRS for 1-18:0, 2-20:4n-6 PC; 1-18:0 2-22:6n-3 PC; and 1-18:0, 2-18:0 PC from −80 to 50 °C temperatures. 20 Mb three-dimensional data arrays with 0.2 °C increments and first/second derivatives allowed detailed vibrational mode assignment and analysis. Samples were analyzed neat and with molecular hydration. Previously reported phase transitions for hydrated 18:0−20:4PC and 18:0−22:6PC and numerous spectral differences resulting from hydration and the double bond structure were clearly observed. Molecular models showed that the addition of minimal water molecules results in significant structural differences compared to the neat molecules; 18:0−22:6PC is strikingly compact with water when viewed from the hydrophilic end. This precise Raman data cannot be observed in typically utilized fully hydrated vesicle samples, however the improved GTRS will allow for more precise analysis in fully hydrated vesicles because the underlying modes in the unavoidably broadened spectra can be identified.
The Appeal of Legal Empiricism

Professor Hans-Bernd Schaer of the University of Hamburg Faculty of Law has done as much as anyone alive to spread the learning of law and economics across Europe. His devotion to that task has been tireless. And his successes, both scholarly and administratively — most recently the designation of the Law and Economics Program as an Erasmus Mundus Program by the European Union — have been many. The occasion of Bernd’s moving to the next phase of his career seems an apt one to celebrate his contributions to legal scholarship generally and to law and economics particularly.