cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Future directions in industrial machine vision: a case study of semiconductor manufacturing applications

Machine vision systems are being increasingly used for sophisticated applications such as classification and process control. Vision systems have access to richer information (colour/texture/depth), and employ more powerful hardware than their predecessors. Though there is significant potential for the increased deployment of vision systems, a number of important problems have to be addressed to sustain growth in the area of industrial machine vision. This paper identifies some of these problems and the future research directions which show promise in solving these problems. Some of the directions examined include non-conventional imaging modes such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, visual defect classification, integration of colour, texture and depth information, and configurability of vision systems for changing field requirements.
Gait apraxia: further clues to localization.

Background/Aims: Gait apraxia characterized primarily by gait ignition failure has been linked to lesions involving the dorsomedial frontal lobes, but the precise locus within this
Observation of fimbriae and flagella in dispersed subgingival dental plaque and fresh bacterial isolates from periodontal disease.

The interbacterial matrix of subgingival plaque obtained from 12 individuals was examined by agar-filtration negative stain electron microscopy. Flagellated bacteria were abundant in all samples from patients having periodontal disease. In addition, the plaques of all patients having periodontal disease, with the exception of two children diagnosed as having localized severe periodontitis, had varying amounts of long thin filamentous extracellular bacterial appendages morphologically identical to bacterial fimbriae. These appendages seemed to form into bundles to which bacterial membranes, blebs, and debris appeared to attach. Further studies examined the cell surface structures of bacteria freshly isolated from several of these plaque samples. Of 113 bacterial colonies examined, 49 (43.3%) had surface fimbriae like appendages. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gracilis, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Capnocytophaga species, Fusobacteria species, and Haemophilus species had fimbriae. Only 4 of 113 colonies bore flagella. It was concluded that bacterial extracellular appendages resembling fimbriae are common morphologie components of plaque interbacterial matrix and may pay play a significant role in adhesive interactions within plaque. Although flagellated bacteria were commonly seen within subgingival plaques, few fresh isolates were observed to produce these structures.
The Status and Conservation of the Wolf in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India

: Populations of wolves were estimated for the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan, India, based on interviews and surveys. The wolf range is continuous. The total number of wolves in Gujarat is between 190 and 270 and in Rajasthan is between 253 and 350. Recommendations for a wolf conservation strategy include: (1) encouraging public support and education, (2) enforcing legal protection, (3) paying compensation for wolf-killed livestock, (4) conducting surveys of wolf populations and research on the dynamics of select populations, (5) protecting breeding habitats, and (6) eradicating feral dogs from wolf conservation areas. It is not too late to save the wolf if such a conservation strategy is implemented immediately. Resumen: Sobre la base de entrevistas y encuestas, se estimaron las poblaciones de lobos en los estados de Gujarat y Rajasthan, en la India El rango de distribucion de los lobos es continuo. El numero total de lobos en Gujarat es entre 190 y 270, y en Rajasthan, entre 253 y 350. Las recomendaciones para una estrategia de conservacion de los lobos incluyen: 1) fomentar la educacion y el apoyo del publico, (2) hacer cumplir las leyes sobre la proteccion, (3) pagar compensacion en casos de matanzas de ganado por lobos, (4) llevar a abo encuestas de poblaciones de lobos e investigacion sobre la dinamica de poblaciones seleccionadas, (5) proteger los lugares de cria, y (6) erradicar los perros ferales de las zonas e conservacidn de lobos. Si se implementa esta estrategia de conservacion immediatamente, aun podria salvarse el lobo.
Mechanism of suppression in Drosophila. III. Phenol oxidase activity and the speck locus

A marked decrease in the amount of the A2 component of phenol oxidase occurs in the speck locus of Drosophila melanogaster. The amount of A2 in speck is restored to a normal amount in the presence of the suppressor mutant, su(s)2.
A powder X-ray diffraction and electrical study of Dy (Ba2−xSrx)Cu3O7−δ superconducting cuprates

Abstract A series of Dy (Ba 2− x Sr x )Cu 3 O 7− δ compounds (0≤ x ≤1) were prepared by solid state reaction. As determined by powder X-ray diffraction this Dy based series had an orthorhombic crystal structure throughout the substitutional range studied. The crystal lattice parameters decreased with increased Sr substitution. VSM measurements showed that the Dy series was superconducting with c s in the range 68 to 88 K. Samples with high Sr content (0.6≤ x ≤1.0) and extended sintering times had low electrical resistivities and sharp superconducting transitions ( ΔT c ≤1.0 K) in the 80–85 K range.
The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Perfusion Management

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been a valuable tool in cardiac surgery. The TEE probe can easily be inserted after endotracheal intuba tion to provide continuous monitoring and diagnosis during surgery. The role of TEE in the operating room is always expanding. This article examines the role of TEE specifically for cardiopulmonary bypass and perfusion management.
Thoughts on international space cooperation and interests in the post-cold war world

Abstract There is no doubt that the end of the Cold War has made international cooperation in space endeavours more feasible and attractive to the USA. However, the loss of a main enemy and the replacement of political-military rivalry by sharpened economic competitiveness among former allies can be expected to introduce a countervailing element of caution into US policy making. This article considers how the new global realities may bring about a reevaluation of the traditional principles and practices governing the USA's approach to international cooperation in space.
Interaction between desipramine, tyramine, and amphetamine at adrenergic neurones

Abstract 1. Small doses of tyramine (10 μg/kg intravenously) are taken up by rat heart, which can concentrate the amine 7.3-fold over the plasma level. 2. Desipramine (DMI) blocks the uptake of small doses of tyramine by rat heart, but in doses of 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, it does not affect the cardiac concentrations of tyramine following 20 mg/kg intramuscularly of the drug. The same dose of DMI prevents the depletion of noradrenaline (NA) elicited by intramuscular injection of tyramine 20 mg/kg. 3. DMI prevents the depletion of heart NA elicited by (+)-amphetamine 5 mg/kg given intraperitoneally to demedullated rats and enhances the heart concentration of amphetamine. 4. Liposoluble amphetamine enters sympathetic nerves by simple diffusion. It is suggested that DMI prevents the release of heart NA caused by this indirect sympathomimetic through an action within the adrenergic neurone.
The embodied crises of neoliberal globalization: The lives and narratives of Filipina migrant domestic workers

Synopsis This paper theorizes the lives and working conditions of Filipina migrant domestic workers in Taiwan. To do so, I focus on the life stories of two migrant women—their struggles with exploitation and care, and their contradictory relationships with home and nation in transnational labor migration. These narratives detail crises of bodily sickness, racialized surveillance, and gendered violence across individual, social, and transnational scales, demonstrating the architecture of neoliberal globalization as a whole. These “embodied crises”—at once personal troubles and structural disasters—show how an overburdened care enforced through the labor of women of color violently affects their very own bodies, with ever-lasting consequences. Thus, using feminist analytic approaches of “critical bifocality” and “countertopography”, I argue that these narratives are not individual tragedies, but rather circulate across places, bodies, and time, crafting a structural critique of neoliberal globalization that demands fundamental social transformation.
Métabolismes aérobie et anaérobie en altitude

Resume Un sejour prolonge (>8 semaines) en haute altitude produit des modifications importantes du metabolisme aerobie et anaerobie. La puissance maximale aerobie subit une reduction progressive provoquee 1) par la baisse de la pression partielle d'O2 dans l'air ambiant et, par consequent, du pourcentage d'oxyhemoglobine, seulement en partie compensee par la hausse du taux d'hematocrite; 2) par une deterioration du muscle, dont la masse ainsi que l'activite de nombreuses enzymes de la glycolyse et du cycle de Krebs, apparaissent considerablement reduites. Le sujet acclimate a l'altitude subit aussi une baisse de sa capacite lactique maximale (dette maximum d'oxygene) suite a une reduction du pouvoir tampon de l'organisme provoquee par l'hypocapnie. La puissance maximale developpee par les muscles des membres inferieurs, expression de la cinetique de l'hydrolyse de l'ATP, n'est pas reduit par l'hypoxie comme telle. Toutefois, il subit une diminution suite a la reduction de la masse musculaire, provoquee par l'hypoxie chronique.
Brachial Artery Revascularization Following Cardiac Catherization

From January, 1973, to December, 1987, 63 arterial revascularization procedures were performed in 50 patients suffering from brachial artery injuries following cardiac catheterization. There were 15 occlusive complications (30%) after the primary attempt to revascularize the damaged brachial artery. Thrombectomy associated with a simple repair of the arterial cutdown (Type IA) led to 8 complications of 9 procedures performed
Bioterrorism: responding to an emerging threat

Only a few years ago bioterrorism was considered a remote concern but few today are complacent about the possibility of biological agents being intentionally used to cause widespread panic, disruption, disease and death. By its very nature, the biological weapons threat - with its close links to naturally occurring infectious agents and disease - requires a different paradigm than that for conventional terrorism, military strikes or attacks caused by other weapons of mass destruction. This evolving threat presents the medical, public health and scientific communities (importantly including biotechnology) with a set of difficult and pressing challenges. This article provides a brief overview of the threat from biological weapons, the nature of a bioterrorist attack and some of the issues that need to be addressed if we are to make meaningful progress to prevent or contain this disturbing and potentially catastrophic danger.
Manipulation of receptor oligomerization as a strategy to inhibit signaling by TNF superfamily members.

Signaling by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) in response to its ligand RANKL, which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines, stimulates osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Thus, this ligand-receptor pair is a therapeutic target for various disorders, such as osteoporosis and metastasis of cancer to bone. RANKL exists as a physiological homotrimer, with each monomer recognizing a single molecule of RANK or the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which inhibits osteoclastogenesis. We engineered a RANKL protein in which all three monomers of RANKL were encoded as a single polypeptide chain, which enabled us to independently control receptor binding at each binding interface. To generate an effective RANK inhibitor, we used an unbiased forward genetic approach to identify mutations in RANKL that had a 500-fold increased affinity for RANK but had decreased affinity for the decoy receptor OPG. Incorporating mutations that blocked receptor binding into this high-affinity RANKL variant generated a mutant RANKL that completely inhibited wild-type RANKL–induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and bone resorption in mice. Our approach may be generalized to enable the inhibition of other TNF receptor signaling systems, which are implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions.
Transegmental electrical coupling between adjacent intersegemental muscles in the tobacco hawkmoth (Manduca sexta)

Abstract The lateral intersegmental muscles of pharate adult tobacco hawkmoths ( Manduca sexta ), exhibited electrical coupling across the segmental boundary. The degree of electrical coupling was constant throughout adult development. These muscle fibres did not appear to be dye coupled in that neither cobalt ions nor the flourescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH passed between cells. Electrical coupling was unaffected by cellular acidification with CO 2 . Data are presented which suggest that this electrical coupling may be through the extracellular space rather than some membrane specialization. It is further speculated that many invertebrates may show this form of electrical coupling due to the metameric architecture of certain skeletal muscles.
Meaning Change, Multiple Routes, and the Role of Differentiation in Conceptual Change: Alternatives to Resubsumption?

The three commentaries on the resubsumption theory highlight three key ideas: that the term conceptual change, as commonly used, is ambiguous between “change in the meaning of a concept” and “change in what someone believes”; that there are multiple routes to successful learning of conceptual subject matters; and that the noticing of a previously unheeded contrast can be as strong a driver of change as the noticing of an unheeded similarity. These ideas are consistent with the resubsumption theory. Other arguments and objections to resubsumption are shown to be irrelevant or weak. Although the commentaries contribute important ideas, the latter do not add up to a superior theory of how and why resistance to conflicting information is overcome and core beliefs revised. The commentaries also illustrate three knotty points in conceptual change research that stand in need of attention.
Initial User Experience With an Artificial Intelligence Program for the Preliminary Design of Centrifugal Compressors

A new approach is evaluated for the design of turbomachinery components using existing analysis codes coupled to a generic Artificial Intelligence (AI) software framework called ENGINEOUS. This AI framework uses intelligent search techniques with a small set of basic component design rules to iterate to an optimized solution and to quantify parameter trade-offs. Initial experience with ENGINEOUS indicates that it is a powerful design tool which quickly identifies non-obvious solutions balanced for conflicting multiple goals in a small number of iterations which vary linearly with the number of variables. The solution path and driving logic are easily visible to the designer and a parameter study option can rapidly quantify potential design trade-offs which together allow a critique of the selected design to balance performance against development risks. Because this AI design approach fosters intelligent interface with the designer and is generic, the potential application areas and productivity benefits appear enormous.Copyright © 1987 by ASME
Trafficking Labour: Abolition and the Exchange of Labour across the Arabian Sea, 1861–1947

This article delineates the economic frameworks that structured the slave trade in the Arabian Sea and traces their persistence beyond the supposed abolition of these traffics after 1873. The author argues that British officials entrusted with suppressing the slave trade in fact neglected the smuggling traffic, condoned those slave purchases which resembled kinship transactions, and privileged British businesses in transactions of ‘free’ labour. The assumption that labour was always transacted through markets permitted labour brokers to easily evade, accommodate and ultimately exploit abolitionist policies and profit from the traffic in coerced labour.
Private and civil society governors of mercury pollution from artisanal and small-scale gold mining: A network analytic approach

Abstract Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is both a subsistence livelihood for millions of people and the leading source of mercury pollution globally. The United Nation's 2013 Minamata Convention on Mercury aims to address this challenge, but such public regulatory initiatives often struggle with effectiveness. This article explores what private and civil society actors can do to support or complement the Minamata Convention and reform ASGM more generally. Accordingly, it asks three questions: which private and civil society actors are advocating for improved governance of mercury and gold, what methods are they using, and what further research is needed to understand their current and potential governance contributions? To answer these questions, the article uses a transnational advocacy network framework to analyze original data compiled via hyperlink analysis, reviews of regulatory texts, and attendance at the Minamata Convention negotiations. The article finds significant differences between the types of actors comprising each advocacy network, and provides case studies of the leading private and civil actors that lobby, partner with, and bypass public actors to achieve their advocacy goals. Acknowledging the difficulty of governing global supply chains, the paper concludes by identifying four areas of future research needed to help governors achieve their potential.
Gabamimetic properties of anxiolytic drugs.

Diazepam (5 mg/kg, ip) and tracazolate (40 mg/kg, ip), a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic, blocked electrically-induced head-turning without producing sedation. Bicuculline and picrotoxin, GABA antagonists, at doses not affecting head-turning (2 mg/kg, ip) antagonized the effects of diazepam and tracazolate on head-turning. However, at the same dose, bicuculline was more effective as an antagonist of diazepam whereas picrotoxin was more effective as an antagonist of tracazolate. These results suggest that benzodiazepine as well as nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytics possess GABAmimetic activity. The difference in potency between bicuculline and picrotoxin as antagonists of diazepam and tracazolate may be related to their reported differences as GABA antagonists (e.g., site of receptor interaction).
Plasma-mediated release of morphine from synthesized prodrugs.

Abstract Two morphine prodrugs (‘PDA’ and ‘PDB’) were synthesized and the kinetics of esterase-mediated morphine release from these prodrugs were determined when incubated with plasma from different animal species. Morphine was rapidly released from PDA by all species plasma with the maximum reached within 5–10 min; the released morphine was biologically active as determined by an in vitro cAMP assay. The morphine was released from PDB at a slower and species-dependent rate (mouse > rat > guinea pig > human). Morphine’s release from PDB appeared to be mediated by carboxyl esterases as the release was inhibited by the carboxyl esterase inhibitor benzil. PDA nor PDB induce cytotoxicity in the neuronal cell lines SK-NSH and SH-SY5Y. The carboxyl and amino functional moieties present on the linker portions of PDA and PDB, respectively, may facilitate their conjugation to nanoparticles to tailor morphine pharmacokinetics and specific targeting. These studies suggest the potential clinical utility of these prodrugs for morphine release at desired rates by administration of their mixture at selected ratios.
Synergistic inhibition by benzodiazepine and barbiturate drugs of the clock control of ovulation in hamsters.

A surge of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) into the bloodstream occurs in hamsters every 4 days between 1:30 p.m. and 3 p.m. in response to a signal from a biological clock. This surge initiates behavioral estrus ∼2 h later and ovulation ∼12 h later. Phenobarbital at a dose ≥100 mg/kg consistently blocks LH release. Barbiturate and benzodiazepine drugs have separate binding sites in the GABAA receptor/chloride channel complex. Binding of either drug increases GABA-mediated chloride conductance, which suppresses the postsynaptic neuron. Barbiturate binding also increases benzodiazepine binding. This suggested that these drugs might synergize to inhibit LH release. A combination of triazolam and phenobarbital at doses of 10 mg/kg injected s.c. at 1:30 p.m. inhibited ovulation and extended the 4-day vaginal cycle in all treated hamsters. Either drug dose injected alone at 1:30 p.m., or the combination at 3 p.m., was completely ineffective. Bicuculline prevented inhibition by the combination at 1:30 p.m. T...
Association between documented family history of cancer and screening for breast and colorectal cancer

Abstract Background Previous research on ascertainment of cancer family history and cancer screening has been conducted in urban settings. Purpose To examine whether documented family history of breast or colorectal cancer is associated with breast or colorectal cancer screening. Methods Medical record reviews were conducted on 3433 patients aged 55 and older from four primary care practices in two rural Oregon communities. Data collected included patient demographic and risk information, including any documentation of family history of breast or colorectal cancer, and receipt of screening for these cancers. Results A positive breast cancer family history was associated with an increased likelihood of being up-to-date for mammography screening (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.45–3.00 relative to a recorded negative history). A positive family history for colorectal cancer was associated with an increased likelihood of being up-to-date with colorectal cancer screening according to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force low risk guidelines for males (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.15–7.29) and females (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.32–4.64) relative to a recorded negative family history. The absence of any recorded family cancer history was associated with a decreased likelihood of being up-to-date for mammography screening (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56–0.88 relative to recorded negative history) or for colorectal cancer screening (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.96 in females, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.88 in males relative to recorded negative history). Conclusion Further research is needed to determine if establishing routines to document family history of cancer would improve appropriate use of cancer screening.
Biology of HPV in HIV Infection

HIV-positive men and women are at increased risk of anogenital and oral HPV infection. The risks for HPV-associated high-grade intra-epithelial neoplasia (IN) and cancer are also increased. The prevalence of oral, anal, and cervical HPV infection in HIV-positive individuals compared with HIV-negative individuals increases with progressively lower CD4+ levels, as does incident high-grade IN. In contrast to IN, development of cancer is not related to lower CD4+ level. With increasing grades of IN and cancer, the proportion of tissues with copy-number abnormalities (CNA) increases, with one of the most common genetic changes being amplification of chromosome 3q. The presence of CNA is associated with the integration of HPV DNA into the host genome, with loss of HPV E2 and/or E2 rearrangement. This suggests a link between CNA and increased HPV-induced chromosomal instability mediated through de-repressed E6 and E7 expression consequent to loss of functional E2 protein. In addition, epigenetic changes occur with increasing frequency in high-grade IN and cancer, such as hypermethylation leading to down-regulation of potential tumor suppressor genes. Analysis of these data together suggests that immune suppression plays a more prominent role in the earlier stages of HPV-associated disease, up to and including incident high-grade IN. Persistent high-grade IN and development of cancer may be more strongly related to the cumulative effect of HPV-associated genetic instability and the resulting host genetic changes. There are few data to suggest a direct role for HIV in the pathogenesis of HPV-associated neoplasia, but HIV-associated attenuation of HPV-specific immune responses may allow for persistence of high-grade IN and sufficient time for accumulation of genetic changes that are important in progression to cancer.
Immunochemical data suggesting a pattern for the evolution of human placental alkaline phosphatase

Abstract Hyperimmune absorbed rabbit antisera which were reactive with epitopes specific for individual variants of human placental alkaline phosphatase were tested for their reactivity with primate placental alkaline phosphatases. Using the three epitope-specific reactivities defined previously, we found that: epitope I is present in the S-, D- and I-variants of human placental phosphatase, and in the chimpanzee and pygmy chimpanzee placentae; epitope II is present in the F- and 17- variants, and in the Nagao isoenzyme of human placental alkaline phosphatase, and in some orangutan placentae and all spider monkey placentae tested; epitope III is present in the D- and 17-variants and the Nagao isoenzyme of human placental alkaline phosphatase. and in all the spider monkey placentae and the single squirrel monkey placenta examined. The binding assay was complemented by a competitive radioimmunoassay, which confirmed that the spider monkey placental samples were binding to the same antibody population which bound the human enzymes. The presence of epitopes characteristic of rare human placental phosphatase variants in these remote primate relatives suggests that the rare variants in the current human population have been present during the entire course of evolution. The presence of both epitopes characteristic of the Nagao isoenzyme in spider monkeys suggests that this variant isoenzyme is closely related to the enzyme present in the primate placenta at the time of species divergence (humans and New World monkeys). A hypothetical scheme for this divergence is proposed.
Biographical Sketch: William John Little, FRCS (1810–1894)

This biographical sketch on William Little corresponds to the historic text, The Classic: Hospital for the Cure of Deformities: Course of Lectures on the Deformities of the Human Frame (1843), available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-012-2302-y.
Proteomic analysis of a rat pancreatic stellate cell line using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Pancreatic stellate cells (PaSC) are emerging as key mediators in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Proteins regulating the biomolecular pathways involved in the conversion of quiescent to activated PaSC may have a significant influence on the development of chronic pancreatitis. We aim to compare differentially expressed proteins in activated and serum-starved non-proliferating PaSC using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics strategy. We cultured an immortalized rat PaSC cell line in media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and in serum-free media. Using gel-based mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS), we identified nearly 1500 proteins. Qualitative and quantitative proteomic analysis revealed several hundred proteins as differentially abundant between the two cell states. Proteins of greater abundance in activated PaSC included isoforms of actin (e.g., smooth muscle actin) and ribosomal proteins. Conversely, proteins more abundant in non-proliferating PaSC than in activated PaSC included signaling proteins MAP kinase 3 and Ras-related proteins. In addition, we have determined the molecular functions and biological pathways for these proteins. We are confident that the application of mass spectrometry-based strategies, such as that described herein, to investigate specific proteins in PaSC may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic diseases, such as chronic pancreatitis.
Propagating activation during oscillations and evoked responses in neocortical slices.

Population activity in the cortex is poorly understood. In this report we use voltage-sensitive dye imaging to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of a 7–10 Hz oscillation in neocortical slices from rat somatosensory areas. This oscillation appeared as a component of spontaneous epochs when the preparation was bathed in low [Mg] artificial CSF (ACSF) ([Silva et al., 1991][1]). Each epoch started with a synchronized spike, and 3–200 cycles of oscillation emerged afterward. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging revealed that the oscillations in the local field potential recordings were actually caused by a propagating population activation. This activation propagated in a relatively uniform size (not expanding). We call this confined, propagating activation a “dynamic ensemble.” During each oscillation cycle, one (occasionally two) dynamic ensemble(s) appeared in the slice and was sustained for 60–200 msec. Dynamic ensembles propagated at ∼30 mm/sec; the activity could propagate in both directions in cortical slices. The propagation consisted in part of “jumps,” the locations of which were not fixed. Dynamic ensembles were distinguishable from the epileptiform spikes that occurred in low [Mg] ACSF. Population events similar to dynamic ensembles were also evoked under conditions of unaltered excitability (slice in normal ACSF) by electrical stimulation that activated a low density of neurons in a large area. Our data suggest that self-sustained, spatially confined, and propagating dynamic ensembles might be related to the epoch oscillations in somatosensory cortex seen in vivo ([Nicolelis et al., 1995][2]) and thus resemble one form of population activation in the neocortex. [1]: #ref-56 [2]: #ref-46
Geographically weighted modelling of surface salinity in Florida Bay using Landsat TM data

An effective remote-sensing approach is needed for surface salinity monitoring in Florida Bay, a typical estuarine and coastal ecosystem (ECE). Yet, the non-stationary nature of surface salinity makes it difficult to model with conventional regression methods. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach was proposed to model surface salinity from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery in this study. The models were constructed and validated with spatiotemporally matched field-surveyed salinity and TM imagery collected in February 1999. The GWR models reported high coefficient of determination (R 2) values and low root mean square errors (RMSEs) in validation. A 1999 model was also used to hindcast the surface salinity with TM imagery collected in December 1998 and validated with surface salinity collected at that time. The validation reported a reasonably low RMSE. It suggests a GWR approach, with field survey and remotely sensed data, may be useful in modelling and predicting the spatial variation ...
Integrating Information Technology into International Crisis Management and Policy

Decision processes in disaster environments pose a special challenge to rational problem solving. The urgency, complexity and uncertainty of disaster environments test the limits of human capacity for seeking, processing and disseminating information to support coordinated action. Current information technology offers a means of extending human problem solving capacity through an interactive, intelligent, spatial information system, if it is supported by a parallel organizational system designed to facilitate coordinated action. A preliminary model of organizational problem solving is proposed, focusing on the global problem of seismic risk. The model relies on the function of information technology to reduce uncertainty by increasing the timeliness and accuracy of information to disaster managers, thereby improving coordination in organizational performance. The model links information technology to organizational structure in ways that create feedback channels, improve organizational learning and increase capacity to correct organizational mistakes. The model is presented in terms of structuring technical and organizational conditions to support improved capacity for organizational problem solving in communities vulnerable to seismic risk. Illustrative data from a series of seven earthquake disasters demonstrate an evolving receptiveness to the integration of information technology into international crisis policy and practice.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LONG-TERM EARTH-MOON TRANS-LUNAR LIBRATION POINT ORBIT

Given the absence of an orbital system to communicate from the far side of the Moon, it is likely that such a system shall be needed in the near future with the continued interest in lunar exploration and utilization. A strategy for a long-term libration orbit at the EarthMoon L2 point is developed. This strategy allows for uninterrupted communication from the Earth to the far side of the Moon and vice versa while also maintaining low fuel costs, thus increasing the duration of possible missions.
Efficacy of Leader-Led and Self-Directed Career Workshops for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

The differential effectiveness of leader-led and self-directed career and life planning workshops for 98 middle-aged and older adult participants was examined. (a) A test of the magnitude of change on multiple attitudinal and behavioral variables revealed that participants improved regardless of treatment conditions. (b) Two theoretically derived attributes, goal directedness and sociability-structure, were chosen to test the interaction effects between potentially salient participant attributes and workshop format.
Driving improvement in long-term care. Enforcement and quality initiatives.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) play a key role in setting national policy and enforcement strategies in the long-term care arena. The methodologies utilized by CMS to ensure q...
Atomic absorption determination of lead in blood and urine in the presence of EDTA.

Abstract An atomic absorption method for the determination of lead in blood and urine is described, which can be applied without prior acid digestion to specimens from patients receiving ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) therapy. The entire procedure is performed in a single tube and provides sufficient concentration of lead to yield adequate absorbance values without scale expansion. Completeness of extraction in the presence and absence of chelating agents has been established with the isotope Pb. 210 This procedure has been applied both to the diagnosis of lead poisoning and to the monitoring of lead excretion in patients receiving chelation therapy.
Modeling and simulation (M & S) issues in operational test and evaluation (OT & E)

This paper addresses the current guidance and major issues facing the operational test and evaluation (OT&E) community in the use of modeling and simulation (M&S). With the increasing sophistication of M&S tools, to what extent can M&S be used in determining operational effectiveness and operational suitability? How does this evolving technology affect the way OT&E balances the legislative demands of Congress and the cost and schedule concerns of acquisition? These issues are among those facing DOT&E that may result in additional policy direction.
Consanguineous mating, specialization, and the environment: How multiple variable interactions affect the evolution of dioecy

UNLABELLED PREMISE The evolution of dioecy in plants is usually modeled as a consequence of self-fertilization. While increased seed and pollen production and dispersal patterns of specialized unisexuals have been examined, mating among relatives and interaction effects have been largely ignored. Here, we examine multiple variables simultaneously providing a more ecologically realistic set of conditions favoring the evolution of dioecy. • METHODS We developed two complementary models to explore the evolution of dioecious plants. In both models, we examined the effects of inbreeding, compensation, and specialization on unisexual invasibility and were able to directly measure the influence of related matings on such a system. • KEY RESULTS Our results support previous studies indicating dispersal specialization, consanguineous mating, and inbreeding depression facilitate the evolution of dioecy. However, our results suggest that it is the interaction effect of multiple forces acting simultaneously that allows for unisexual invasion at thresholds and frequencies witnessed in nature. Additionally, our results suggest that subdioecious populations often result, and depending on population conditions, dioecy evolves at different rates, lending importance to the ecological and life history conditions of the species. • CONCLUSION Mating among relatives significantly enhances the invasibility of a unisexual mutant into a hermaphroditic population and lowers the levels of inbreeding depression required for invasion than previously reported conditions for unisexual invasion especially, if we consider multiple pressures simultaneously.
Overexpression of Simian Virus 40 Small-T Antigen Blocks Centrosome Function and Mitotic Progression in Human Fibroblasts

Recombinant adenoviruses that express high levels of the simian virus 40 (SV40) small-t (ST) antigen have been used to study the requirement for ST to drive cell cycle proliferation of confluent human diploid fibroblasts. This occurs when either large-T (LT) antigen or serum is added to provide a second signal. While cells readily completed S phase in these experiments, they were found to accumulate with 4N DNA content. Cellular and nuclear morphology, as well as the biochemical status of cyclin B complexes, showed that these cells entered mitosis but were blocked prior to mitotic metaphase. The defect appears to reflect an inability of cells overexpressing ST to form organized centrosomes that duplicate and separate normally during the cell cycle and, therefore, the absence of a mitotic spindle. The ability of ST to bind protein phosphatase 2A was required for this pattern, suggesting that altered phosphorylation of key centrosomal components may occur when ST is overexpressed. Although the possible significance of ST effects on the centrosome cycle is not fully understood, these findings suggest that ST could influence chromosomal instability patterns that are a hallmark of SV40-transformed cells and LT expression.
Toward a monophyletic Cabiropidae: a review of parasitic isopods with female Cabirops-type morphology (Isopoda: Cryptoniscoidea)

Abstract The species of Cabiropidae having a Cabirops-type morphology of the mature female (lateral body compression) are reviewed, including members of the genera Cabirops Kossmann, Arcturocheres Hansen, and Bourdonia Rybakov, all of which parasitize isopods. The genus Astacilloechus Hansen is shown to be a synonym of Arcturocheres, and Paradajus Nierstrasz & Brender a Brandis is a synonym of Cabirops. Danalia fraissei Nierstrasz & Brender a Brandis is transferred to Cabirops. A new genus, Rolandoniscus, is erected for Cabirops serratus Bourdon. The rhizocephalan parasite Perezina Nierstrasz & Brender a Brandis is confirmed to belong to Cabiropidae, not Cryptoniscidae. A key to genus-groups, based on female morphology, of the 12 genera within Cabiropidae is provided, as is a key, based on the cryptoniscus stage, to the five genera with Cabirops-type female morphology.
Attachment, Interpersonal Problems, and Treatment Outcome in Group Therapy for Intimate Partner Violence

This study examined several types of associations between attachment dimensions, interpersonal problems, and intimate partner violence (IPV) with 49 men who were mandated to treatment for IPV. The main purpose of the study was to examine the degree to which attachment dimensions and interpersonal problems predicted IPV posttreatment variables. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that (a) pretreatment attachment anxiety and vindictive interpersonal problems predicted posttreatment mild physical abuse and psychological abuse, (b) pretreatment intrusive interpersonal problems predicted posttreatment psychological abuse, and (c) pretreatment attachment avoidance and vindictive interpersonal problems predicted posttreatment total violence severity. Finally, simple regression analysis using pre- to posttreatment residualized gains scores indicated that higher attachment avoidance gain scores (i.e., increasing approaching) predicted lower total violence gain scores.
MARINE ESG NAVIGATION AS A CAPABILITY FOR THE PRESENT

The development program and hardware for an ESG (Electrostatically Suspended Gyro) Navigation System now being developed for marine application are described. It includes discussion of tradeoffs leading to the selected design as well as a description of the completed system hardware. System software requirements are presented along with schedules for planned system evaluation testing.
(Z)‐2‐(Benzo­[b]­thio­phen‐3‐yl­methyl­ene)‐1‐aza­bi­cyclo­[2.2.2]­octan‐3‐one

Crystals of the title compound, C16H15NOS, were obtained from a condensation reaction of benzo­[b]­thio­phene-3-carbox­aldehyde with 1-aza­bi­cyclo­[2.2.2]­octan-3-one and subsequent crystallization of the product from methanol. The title compound, containing a double bond that connects an aza­bicyclic ring system to a benzo­[b]­thio­phen-3-yl­methyl­ene group, was obtained as the Z geometric isomer, crystallizing in the triclinic space group P1.
ON EMENDING AND NOT EMENDING THE TEXT OF SOME PASSAGES IN ARISTOTLE'S ETHICA EUDEMIA

The text of Aristotle's Ethica Eudemia (EE) is often in need of emendation, especially because of the particular fault in the manuscripts of misreading one letter for another or misdividing letters to form words. Scholars have already done fine work in correcting many of these errors (especially at the beginning of 8.1), but more needs to be done. A second problem with the text does not have to do with matters of spelling or grammar (or even of punctuation), but rather with those of philosophical sense. For, as scholars have noted, the EE is marked by considerable compression of thought, and this compression leads scholars to propose changes where, on further consideration, it can be shown that not change of words but change of comprehension is needed.
Herpesvirus simiae infection in Macaca radiata

Forty of 79 bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) housed in an outdoor structure became infected with a respiratory disease, and 16 died. The most conspicuous lesions were those of hemorrhagic interstitial lobar pneumonia and focal hepatic necrosis with monocytic infiltration and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. A virus, in high titer, was obtained from the lung and liver of two fatal cases (107 TCID50 × gram of tissue) by inoculating tissue homogenates in primary vervet monkey kidney, BSC-1, and MA104 cell cultures. The cytopathic effect was identical with that induced by Herpesvirus simiae in the same cell cultures. Similar cellular changes were seen in LLC-MK2 cell cultures. Infected cells contained eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, and intranuclear herpes-like virus particles were seen by electron microscopy. The virus could not be passed serially in mice by the intracerebral route of inoculation. Bonnet monkeys (herpes antibody-free), inoculated intravenously with the virus, developed vesicular lesions on the arms, face, hands, and soles of the feet; and the virus was recovered from the vesicular fluid. All lesions disappeared within three weeks after inoculation, and the animals later recovered. On the basis of host range, cytopathic effect, electron microscopy, mouse susceptibility, and the results of neutralization tests in tissue cultures, the virus was identified as Herpesvirus simiae.
A new approach to splinting periodontally involved teeth

Abstract— Stabilization of periodontally involved teeth with a splint cast in semi-precious alloy and fixed using an acid-etch composite resin is described as a simple and effective technique.
Optimizing Tobacco Cessation Resource Awareness Among Patients and Providers

The limited number of tobacco cessation discussions among patients and providers is at least partially the result of unawareness of cessation resources available within the community.
Physiological Variation in Clonal Anemones: Energy Balance and Quantitative Genetics

Our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms leading to population differences in mean performance values relies on understanding performance variation within single populations. Unfortunately, relatively little information about physiological variability within natural populations of organisms is available. In particular, to begin to understand how physiological traits evolve we need information on the extent of physiological variability related to the extent of genetic variability over a range of environmental conditions experienced by individual populations. Clonal organisms may be particularly well-suited to such studies because they provide an opportunity to use replicated genotypes ( i.e. , clonemates) in controlled experiments. We are using the cosmopolitan sea anemone Haliplanella lineata to explore physiological variance in natural populations. Growth, absorption and routine rates of oxygen uptake do not vary among three clones from a single population when measured at 15°C, the approximate midpoint in the seasonal range of water temperatures experienced by this population. Broad-sense heritabilities for routine rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion (0.14 and 0.09, respectively), indicate a relatively low fraction of variance in these physiological rates is attributable to genetic variation among five clones in this population. Although some literature indicates that such low heritabilities may be expected when physiological traits are measured at environmental mid-range as opposed to extremes, other evidence indicates that it will be difficult to predict the trend between environmental stress and genetic variance in physiological performance.
Energy Transfer Dynamics in ReI−Based Polynuclear Assemblies: A Quantitative Application of Förster Theory

The synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of a new family of tetranuclear FeRe3 chromophore-quencher complexes having the general form [Fe(pyacac)3(Re(bpy′)(CO)3)3](OTf)3 (where pyacac = 3-(4-pyridyl)-acetylacetonate and bpy′ is 4,4′,5,5′-tetramethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (tmb, 1), 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy, 2), and 4,4′-diethylester-2,2′-bipyridine (deeb, 3)) are reported. Time-resolved emission data acquired in room-temperature CH2Cl2 solutions exhibited single exponential decay kinetics with observed lifetimes of 450 ± 30 ps, 755 ± 40 ps, and 2.5 ± 0.1 ns for complexes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The emission in each case is assigned to the decay of the ReI-based 3MLCT excited state; the lifetimes are all significantly less than the corresponding AlRe3 analogues (2250 ± 100 ns, 560 ± 30 ns, and 235 ± 20 ns for 4, 5, and 6, respectively), which were also prepared and characterized. Electron transfer is found to be thermodynamically unfavorable for all three ReI-containing systems: this fact coupled wit...
LPS-induced decrease in intracellular labile zinc, [Zn]i, contributes to apoptosis in cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells

A role in signal transduction for a vanishingly small labile pool of intracellular zinc ([Zn]i) has been inferred by the sensitivity of various physiological pathways to zinc chelators such as N,N,...
Synchronous tracer injection for O2 uptake and CO2 production measurement.

Existing methods for measuring O2 consumption and CO2 production require either air-tight connections to patients in the form of masks or nose pieces/ or the patient is placed in a sealed box for monitoring expired gas volume and concentration.