cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimized Restoration of Unbalanced Distribution Systems

A novel formulation for service restoration algorithm for unbalanced three phase distribution systems is described. This problem is a constrained multiobjective optimization formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. A comparison of the solutions with and without switch pairs has been made. The formulation was first validated using already developed three-phase unbalanced power flow software. The three-phase unbalanced power flow equations were embedded in the formulation, and hence separate calculations were not needed. Simulation results are presented for modified IEEE 13-node and IEEE 37-node test cases
TMD Evolution for Collins Asymmetries in e+e- Annihilation and SIDIS

In this talk, we present our recent work about QCD evolution effect on the transverse momentum dependent(TMD) observables for collins asymmetries in e+e- annihilation to di-hadron and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering(SIDIS) processes, by taking into account TMD evolution effect is studied under CSS formalism. Our result shows the evolution effect will bring a significant correction to TMD distributions extracted form experiment data.
Joseocoris, new genus and two new species of Ceratocapsini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) from Argentina and Brazil

The ceratocapsine plant bug genus Joseocoris (Miridae: Orthotyli- nae) is described to accommodate the new species J. carpinteroi from Corrientes, Argentina, and J. costai from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Diagnoses, illustrations of male genitalia, photographs of the male and female of both species, and selected scanning electron photomicrographs are provided to help distinguish this new genus and two new species from other members of the tribe Ceratocapsini.
DSC: scheduling parallel tasks on an unbounded number of processors

We present a low-complexity heuristic, named the dominant sequence clustering algorithm (DSC), for scheduling parallel tasks on an unbounded number of completely connected processors. The performance of DSC is on average, comparable to, or even better than, other higher-complexity algorithms. We assume no task duplication and nonzero communication overhead between processors. Finding the optimum solution for arbitrary directed acyclic task graphs (DAG's) is NP-complete. DSC finds optimal schedules for special classes of DAG's, such as fork, join, coarse-grain trees, and some fine-grain trees. It guarantees a performance within a factor of 2 of the optimum for general coarse-grain DAG's. We compare DSC with three higher-complexity general scheduling algorithms: the ETF by J.J. Hwang, Y.C. Chow, F.D. Anger, and C.Y. Lee (1989); V. Sarkar's (1989) clustering algorithm; and the MD by M.Y. Wu and D. Gajski (1990). We also give a sample of important practical applications where DSC has been found useful. >
Effects of naltrexone with nicotine replacement on smoking cue reactivity : preliminary results

Although several studies have examined the effects of opioid antagonists on smoking behavior, there have been no reports of the potentially therapeutic combination of naltrexone and nicotine replacement therapy. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether naltrexone reduced reactivity to smoking cues among abstinent smokers treated with nicotine replacement. Twenty participants were instructed to abstain from smoking cigarettes for 9 h while using nicotine replacement therapy. Participants were subsequently treated with either naltrexone (50 mg) or placebo before being exposed to smoking cues. Results indicated that the smokers who received the placebo responded to smoking cue exposure with increases in urge to smoke and increases in negative affect. Participants who received naltrexone did not show any increase in urge or negative affect and showed a decrease in withdrawal symptoms after exposure to smoking cues. Although preliminary, the findings suggest that naltrexone may work in combination with nicotine replacement therapies to block the effects of smoking stimuli in abstinent smokers.
An intelligent flight-management aid for procedure execution

A computer program is described that contains a model of the procedures used in the operation of twin-engine aircraft. This program, by comparing the model to the aircraft state, can determine when a procedure (or checklist) should be or is invoked and when each step (detectable by a change in the aircraft state) is completed. Thus the flight crew's procedure execution through changes in the aircraft state is tracked by the program. Data were used for evaluation from an earlier experiment on a Link GAT-II simulator. The program has been able to identify practically all of the errors identified by human judges as well as locate some missed by them. It is felt that this model could significantly aid flight crews.
Research Misconduct Identified by the US Food and Drug Administration: Out of Sight, Out of Mind, Out of the Peer-Reviewed Literature

Importance Every year, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspects several hundred clinical sites performing biomedical research on human participants and occasionally finds evidence of substantial departures from good clinical practice and research misconduct. However, the FDA has no systematic method of communicating these findings to the scientific community, leaving open the possibility that research misconduct detected by a government agency goes unremarked in the peer-reviewed literature. Objectives To identify published clinical trials in which an FDA inspection found significant evidence of objectionable conditions or practices, to describe violations, and to determine whether the violations are mentioned in the peer-reviewed literature. Design and Setting Cross-sectional analysis of publicly available documents, dated from January 1, 1998, to September 30, 2013, describing FDA inspections of clinical trial sites in which significant evidence of objectionable conditions or practices was found. Main Outcomes and Measures For each inspection document that could be linked to a specific published clinical trial, the main measure was a yes/no determination of whether there was mention in the peer-reviewed literature of problems the FDA had identified. Results Fifty-seven published clinical trials were identified for which an FDA inspection of a trial site had found significant evidence of 1 or more of the following problems: falsification or submission of false information, 22 trials (39%); problems with adverse events reporting, 14 trials (25%); protocol violations, 42 trials (74%); inadequate or inaccurate recordkeeping, 35 trials (61%); failure to protect the safety of patients and/or issues with oversight or informed consent, 30 trials (53%); and violations not otherwise categorized, 20 trials (35%). Only 3 of the 78 publications (4%) that resulted from trials in which the FDA found significant violations mentioned the objectionable conditions or practices found during the inspection. No corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, or other comments acknowledging the key issues identified by the inspection were subsequently published. Conclusions and Relevance When the FDA finds significant departures from good clinical practice, those findings are seldom reflected in the peer-reviewed literature, even when there is evidence of data fabrication or other forms of research misconduct.
An Improved Gas Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Perfluorocarbon Tracers in the Atmosphere

A method for the quantitative determination of perfluorocarbon tracers in atmospheric samples with a fused-silica capillary column is described. The analytical method, modifications to the gas chromatography improvements in the separation of the atmospheric tracer compounds, and enhancements in the sensitivity of detection are discussed. Atmospheric background concentrations of the tracers and the precision of their collection and analysis are given.
Attosecond timing jitter actively modelocked semiconductor fiber ring laser with normal net cavity dispersion

We report the generation of optical pulse trains with timing jitter of 770 attosecond (1 Hz -10 MHz) and 17.5 fs (extrapolated to Nyquist frequency) from a modelocked laser, using slab coupled optical waveguide amplifier.
Experiences of Informed Learning in the Undergraduate Classroom

This chapter discusses using phenomenography to study information experience. Phenomenographers aim to investigate people’s experiences of the world around them, which is comprised of the interrelationship between an individual and a phenomenon they are focusing on. Phenomenography has been identified as a research approach suited to the study of information experience. Phenomenographic research investigating experiences of using information in different contexts has led to the development of informed learning, which is an approach to information literacy that emphasizes learning as an outcome of using information. Recent research focusing on information experience has been referred to as informed learning research. The preliminary findings from a current informed learning study illustrate the educative benefits of researching information experience. This study investigates a classroom lesson, in which a teacher outlines an assignment that requires the students to understand a language and gender topic by investigating the evolution of research on the topic. The lesson is experienced in multiple ways by the students and the analysis suggests a way of enhancing the lesson to enable more students to experience it in the way intended by the teacher.
Space-charge flow starting conditions in RF-keyed crossed-field amplifiers

The performance of cold-cathode distributed emission crossed-field amplifiers (CFA) used in high power radar systems is degraded because of problems with starting delay, power dips, circuit dissipation and low efficiency. A theoretical analysis has been performed at ECOM which explains the reasons for these difficulties. The key lies in the gross features of the CFA space-charge flow which is completely specifled by two time-independent parameters, the average secondary emission coefficient of the cathode, and the average electron back-bombardment energy. The parameters characterize the emission capability of the cathode and are a function of CFA interaction space geometry, operating conditions and cathode material. The theoretical analysis has been programmed for a digital computer to provide a design and evaluation tool to improve CFA performance.
Kinetics of the formation and the dissolution of nickel surface precipitates on pyrophyllite

The kinetics of the formation and the dissolution of Ni surface precipitates on pyrophyllite was studied in order to gain an understanding of the dynamics of heavy metal ion reactions in soils. Ni sorption at pH = 7.5 was initially fast. 25% of the initial Ni was removed within minutes. Thereafter, a gradual decrease in sorption was observed. Based on previous spectroscopic evidence, we attribute the fast reaction stage to adsorption phenomena and the slow reaction stage to nucleation processes on the pyrophyllite surface. The detachment of Ni from surface precipitates at pH = 4 and pH = 6 involves a small amount of Ni (< 10%) being desorbed relatively fast. The desorption of specifically adsorbed, mononuclear bound Ni may account for this rapid Ni release. Thereafter, Ni detachment was extremely slow, and the rate depended strongly on the experimental desorption method. Utilizing a conventional batch technique, further Ni release became negligible. The non-removal of reaction products may have caused the formation of secondary precipitates. Under steady-state conditions a constant Ni detachment rate was observed which we attribute to the dissolution of Ni surface precipitates. Compared to the dissolution of crystalline Ni(OH)2, Ni detachment from pyrophyllite was slow. We hypothesize that the slow Ni detachment is due to the dissolution of mixed NiAl-hydroxides which formed prior to the desorption experiment and which have a lower solubility.
Characterization of Creep Cavitation in Sintered Alumina by Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering

Small-angle neutron scattering experiments were performed on compression-crept alumina. The results suggest that grain-boundary cavities, on the order of 100 nm in diameter, probably are present initially. For compression strains up to 8%, the average cavity size changes very little. However, the cavity density approximately triples, and it appears that the cavities become elongated in the direction of the compression axis.
Hyperalimentation in Acute Renal Failure

In recent years, nutritional therapy of patients with acute renal failure (ARF) has become increasingly important. This is especially true in patients with ARF related to, or following surgery, trauma, or sepsis. It is these patients who are most likely to demonstrate increased net protein breakdown with malnutrition and wasting. These complications contribute to impaired wound healing and decreased resistance to infection. Since the mortality rate in patients with ARF and sepsis is very high (1), it is conceivable that provision of optimal nutrient intake may improve wound healing and restore the immune response. This chapter will discuss the reasons for the accelerated protein breakdown in ARF, analyze the results of nutritional therapy, and suggest some future approaches to therapy.
The Human Cytomegalovirus UL74 Gene Encodes the Third Component of the Glycoprotein H-Glycoprotein L-Containing Envelope Complex

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gCIII envelope complex is composed of glycoprotein H (gH; gpUL75), glycoprotein L (gL; gpUL115), and a third, 125-kDa protein not related to gH or gL (M. T. Huber and T. Compton, J. Virol. 71:5391–5398, 1997; L. Li, J. A. Nelson, and W. J. Britt, J. Virol. 71:3090–3097, 1997). Glycosidase digestion analysis demonstrated that the 125-kDa protein was a glycoprotein containing ca. 60 kDa of N-linked oligosaccharides on a peptide backbone of 65 kDa or less. Based on these biochemical characteristics, two HCMV open reading frames, UL74 and TRL/IRL12, were identified as candidate genes for the 125-kDa glycoprotein. To identify the gene encoding the 125-kDa glycoprotein, we purified the gCIII complex, separated the components by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and subjected gH and the 125-kDa glycoprotein to amino acid microsequence analysis. Microsequencing of an internal peptide derived from purified 125-kDa glycoprotein yielded the amino acid sequence LYVGPTK. A FASTA search revealed an exact match of this sequence to amino acids 188 to 195 of the predicted product of the candidate gene UL74, which we have designated glycoprotein O (gO). Anti-gO antibodies reacted in immunoblots with a protein species migrating at ca. 100 to 125 kDa in lysates of HCMV-infected cells and with 100- and 125-kDa protein species in purified virions. Anti-gO antibodies also immunoprecipitated the gCIII complex and recognized the 125-kDa glycoprotein component of the gCIII complex. Positional homologs of the UL74 gene were found in other betaherpesviruses, and comparisons of the predicted products of the UL74 homolog genes demonstrated a number of conserved biochemical features.
Delay analysis of IEEE 802.11 PCF MAC based wireless networks

In this paper, we present an analytic model for evaluating the queueing delays at nodes using the IEEE 802.11 point coordination function (PCF) MAC for real time, delay sensitive traffic. Our work extends existing models by accounting for the power management mode where nodes may switch to the power save mode in order to conserve energy. We develop a queueing model to obtain closed form expressions for the expected delay at each node which accounts for arbitrary packet sizes, polling rates, channel rates and the order in which nodes are polled. Our analytical results are verified through simulations.
Beta radiation in the treatment of in-stent restenosis of an in situ saphenous vein bypass graft A case report

Abstract We describe a case of instent restenosis in a femoral-distal saphenous vein bypass graft successfully treated with brachytherapy. A 45-year-old insulin-requiring diabetic woman underwent an in-situ femoral-anterior tibial bypass graft for a non-healing ischemic ulcer. Despite a technically successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and endovascular stenting of a retained valve within the threatened graft, the wound failed to heal. At the 1-month follow-up, instent restenosis was documented and successful cutting balloon angioplasty, complemented by adjunctive beta-irradiation was successfully performed. Clinical and hemodynamic success was achieved, with prompt ulcer healing and intermediate–term graft patency maintained on surveillance duplex ultrasound follow-up. We review the literature on radiation therapy in the management of peripheral arterial disease and discuss therapeutic options in the management of restenosis.
Mindfulness Based Tinnitus Stress Reduction Pilot Study

This pilot study aims to investigate whether a novel mind–body intervention, Mindfulness Based Tinnitus Stress Reduction (MBTSR), may be a beneficial treatment for chronic tinnitus. Eight tinnitus patients who had previously received Tinnitus Counseling (standard of care) at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Audiology Clinic participated in the MBTSR program. The program included 8 weeks of group instruction on mindfulness practice, a 1-day retreat, supplementary readings, and home-based practice using meditation CDs. Using a pre–post intervention design, mean differences (paired t-tests) were calculated. Benefits were measured by a reduction in clinical symptoms, if present, and a tinnitus symptom perception shift. Tinnitus symptom activity and discomfort as well as psychological outcomes were assessed by self-report questionnaires. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered. Results indicate that Effect Sizes, if supported by a larger study, may be clinically significant and demonstrate a substantial decrease for items measuring perceived annoyance and perception of handicap of tinnitus. Change scores on study measures all moved in the hypothesized direction, with the exception of negligible change found for the Acting with Awareness (d = −0.05) factor of mindfulness. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that an 8-week MBTSR program may be an effective intervention for treating chronic tinnitus and its comorbid symptoms, and may help reduce depression and phobic anxiety while improving social functioning and overall mental health. These promising findings warrant further investigation with a randomized controlled trial.
Investigation of electrical properties of contact between Molybdenum disulfide and different metals

With growing interest in the application of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) into high performance transistors, understanding its contact with different metals is important. Improper MoS2/metal contact render the device high contact impedance, which leads to insufficient charge injection efficiency and as a result, bad device performance. In this study, to characterize electrical properties in MoS2/metal contact with commonly used metal: gold (Au), palladium (Pd), nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is utilized to mapping the surface potential (SP) distribution in such contacts. It is concluded from the characterization results that band alignment between MoS2 and different metals are not determined solely by band structure of MoS2 and work function of the contact metals, instead, a special phenomenon--partial fermi level pinning appears in such contacts. Also, we notice that different metal processes considerable different topographical roughness, which may have great influence on the charge injection efficiency in the contacts.
Hardware IP Watermarking

The persistent trend of semiconductor scaling has caused the IC design process to leap forward and at the same time, be held back. On the one hand, with increasing logic density, we are now able to fit more and more components onto a semiconductor die and create functionally dense System-on-a-Chips (SoCs). On the other hand, system complexity has grown exponentially.
Gold Catalyzed Nickel Disilicide Formation: A New Solid-Liquid-Solid Phase Growth Mechanism

The vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism is the predominate growth mechanism for semiconductor nanowires (NWs). We report here a new solid–liquid–solid (SLS) growth mechanism of a silicide phase in Si NWs using in situ transmission electron microcopy (TEM). The new SLS mechanism is analogous to the VLS one in relying on a liquid-mediating growth seed, but it is fundamentally different in terms of nucleation and mass transport. In SLS growth of Ni disilicide, the Ni atoms are supplied from remote Ni particles by interstitial diffusion through a Si NW to the pre-existing Au–Si liquid alloy drop at the tip of the NW. Upon supersaturation of both Ni and Si in Au, an octahedral nucleus of Ni disilicide (NiSi2) forms at the center of the Au liquid alloy, which thereafter sweeps through the Si NW and transforms Si into NiSi2. The dissolution of Si by the Au alloy liquid mediating layer proceeds with contact angle oscillation at the triple point where Si, oxide of Si, and the Au alloy meet, whereas NiSi2 is grown f...
Prevention by Egg Yolk of the Dermatitis in Chicks Due to Egg White

Abstract TULLY and Franke (1934) showed that when dried whole egg was used as 15 percent of a grain ration fed to chicks a “pellagra-like syndrome” was produced. This condition was not prevented by the inclusion of 5 percent of yeast in the ration or 5 percent of yeast plus 3 percent of meat and bone scraps. In about three weeks the syndrome was characterized by scabby sore areas involving the corners of the mouth, which spread to include the area under the lower mandible. At four to five weeks foot lesions appeared with hardening and cracking of the skin of the bottom of the foot and between the toes. A similar condition has been obtained in this laboratory (Lease and Parsons, 1934) in chicks fed a diet containing 30 percent of egg white. This was cured by the inclusion of 8 to 16 percent of liver residue from Lilly liver . . .
Hydrogen ion Concentration and Carbon Dioxide Content of Blood of Parathyroidectomized Dogs.

In recent years research in experimental and clinical tetany has led to the view that tetany occurs when the reaction of the blood shifts to the alkaline side. The fact that acid producing salts su...
Aboriginal Thermal Alteration of a Central Pennsylvania Jasper: Analytical and Behavioral Implications

The aboriginal thermal processing of Bald Eagle Jasper in Central Pennsylvania is described in terms of the chemical and physical changes that occur in this material. Heat treatment is shown to transform the jasper's geothite component to hematite and to improve its workability by reducing its fracture toughness by one-half. This is accompanied by a yellow to red color change. The role of thermal alteration in the local lithic technology is inferred from laboratory heating experiments and from an analysis of lithic artifacts from the Houserville Site (36 Ce 65), a jasper workshop. The prehistoric utilization of this material is analyzed from a regional perspective. The results have implications for aboriginal social organization in Central Pennsylvania.
Drying Behavior of Sol-Gel Derived A12O3 and Al2O3-Sic Composites

Gel drying is a critical step in the sol-gel synthesis of Al2O3 and Al2O3-SiC composites. Problems exist during the drying stage that affect the monolithic properties of the sintered products. Classical drying theory was applied to the drying behavior of Al2O3 and Al2O3-SiC composites in an effort to optimize the drying process and understand the controlling mechanisms.
Digital Games as a Source of Enjoyment in Later Life

As playing digital games has become a popular pastime among older adults, the study of the older audience of digital games would do well to exchange exploratory research for more specialist and foc...
171 THE EFFECT OF SURGICAL INTERVENTION ON BIOMECHANICAL ALIGNMENT IN THE TRANSVERSE PLANE DURING WALKING IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY.

Objective The study evaluated the effectiveness of orthopedic surgical intervention in correcting transverse plane gait abnormalities for patients with the spastic form of cerebral palsy (CP). Background Quantitative gait analysis is useful in identifying causes of walking abnormalities in patients with CP. One significant problem in spastic CP patients is “in-toeing,” resulting in inadequate foot clearance and tripping. Causes of “in-toeing” include femoral anteversion, internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur, and subtalar joint inversion. With the advent of clinical gait analysis laboratories, objective kinematic and kinetic data are now used in designing an optimal course of treatment for patients. Subjects Data were collected at the UCLA Center for Cerebral Palsy. Subjects were five patients with the spastic form of CP who had undergone orthopedic surgery to correct abnormalities of gait in the transverse plane (age range = 8-21, mean = 12.4, median = 10.8 years). All subjects and guardians provided informed consent. Methods A retrospective records search was used to identify all pediatric patients with cerebral palsy who were recommended for orthopedic surgery to correct in-toeing. Patients who proceeded with the surgery were then identified. Gait analysis was performed at the Kameron Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory. Eight cameras were used to capture movement after 15 reflective markers were placed on specific bony landmarks on the patients9 pelvis and lower extremities. Kinematic data were calculated using OrthoTrak 6.29 (Motion Analysis Corporation, Santa Rosa, CA). Of the five subjects, two subjects underwent operations on the femur, two on the tibia, and one on the foot; three of the subjects had bilateral surgery. Postoperational gait analysis was performed an average of 16 months after surgery. The study was IRB approved. Results/Conclusions Normalization of foot angle progression in the transverse plane during gait was the primary outcome measured. Between the five patients, a total of 8 feet was assessed. The average improvement in foot progression angle was 22.51° of external rotation, placing the foot into a more normal progression angle. Secondary improvements in knee rotation and hip rotation were also observed. Gait analysis is an established method to assess the success of orthopedic surgical interventions in patients with cerebral palsy. Following orthopedic interventions, kinematic data demonstrated an improved foot progression angle with less in-toeing and a more stable, normalized gait pattern.
Factors influencing the incidence of leukemia: special consideration of the role of ionizing radiation.

The recorded incidence of leukemia and lymphomas has markedly increased during the past 30 years. During the same interval the amount of ionizing radiation in the environment has been steadily increased by man-made additions to the natural background. The possibility that radiation may account in part for an increasing incidence of leukemia is suggested by the more frequent development of the disease in those exposed to large amounts of radiation. Although the extent of increase in the risk of leukemia cannot be determined accurately from the recorded rates and the relation between leukemia incidence and radiation dose cannot be estimated precisely, it appears probable that radiation is only one of many environmental agents influencing the occurrence of the disease. Other factors associated with the changing standard of living, such as the increasing use of marrow-depressing drugs and the growing contamination of the atmosphere with chemical pollutants, deserve further investigation as leukemogenic influences.
The TB epidemic situation under active screening in six remote villages in Yunnan Province

Objective To analyze the TB epidemic situation under active screening in six remote villages in Yunnan province.Methods The stratified cluster proportional random sampling method was used to select the screening population.People over 15 years old were investigated by questionnaire,chest X-ray examination,and sputum smear and sputum culture examination.Results9305 were actually examined in six villages and 101 active pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) cases were detected,among whom 95 were new cases,and 6 cases were known before this survey.The prevalence of active PTB was 1 085.44/100 000,which was far higher than the provincial average level(55.6/100 000) and the top one prevalence(180.34/100 000) in the whole province reported by the disease surveillance information management system in the same period.7 PTB cases with pneumoconiosis came from the same village with a coal mine area,accounted for 32% cases in the village.92.5% respondents and 60.40% PTB cases were without the cough symptoms over 2 weeks.There were significant difference of TB prevalence between different gender,age,nationality,and having suspicious TB symptoms or not.Conclusion The PTB epidemic is serious in the six villages.By active screening,the strength of finding patients can be greatly improved.Male,ethnic minorities,60 years old and over group are high-risk groups of PTB.Mining area should be taken as a key TB screening area.PTB cases without TB suspicious symptoms cannot be found relying on the symptom screening.
The Multiplication of Talfan Virus in Pig Intestinal Organ Cultures

SUMMARY Organ cultures were prepared from 2 levels of the small intestine and from the coion of piglets, in Trowell chambers, plastic Petri dishes or roller tubes. Epithelial degeneration occurred much less rapidly in cultures of colon, and organ cultures degenerated less in Trowell chambers or Petri dishes than in roller tubes. There was no morphological difference between organ cultures in Trowell’s T-8o medium with 10% foetal calf serum and those prepared in Eagle’s medium with 0·2% bovine serum albumen, which was used exclusively in the virological studies. Talfan virus failed to multiply in roller tube cultures of small intestine. There was relatively little viral multiplication in Trowell chamber cultures of small intestine, but Petri dish cultures of small intestine, particularly of ileum, supported the growth of virus to quite high titres. High titres of virus were produced in all the organ cultures of colon; titres were highest in the roller tube cultures, and in these viral multiplication continued for up to 38 days. It was concluded that organ cultures of pig colon might be of value in studies on the pathogenesis of porcine enteric viral infections, and in the investigation of piglet enteritis due to hitherto unrecognised viruses.
Profile tunable laser beam apodizer

Laser beam apodization has been the goal of solid state laser programs since the early 1970s. It was especially important in designing laser function amplifiers or other high power laser systems. Because the apodization permits beam propagation and amplification with a large fill factor and minimizes the self-focusing effects and edge diffraction effects, it determines to a large extent the ultimate performance of high power laser systems.
Zinc Pyrithione Improves the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Sulfadiazine Ointment.

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly associated with biofilm-associated wound infections that are recalcitrant to conventional antibiotics. As an initial means to identify agents that may have a greater propensity to improve clearance of wound-associated bacterial pathogens, we screened a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug library for members that display bactericidal activity toward 72-h-established P. aeruginosa biofilms using an adenylate kinase reporter assay for bacterial cell death. A total of 34 compounds displayed antibiofilm activity. Among these, zinc pyrithione was also shown to reduce levels of A. baumannii and S. aureus biofilm-associated bacteria and exhibited an additive effect in combination with silver sulfadiazine, a leading topical therapeutic for wound site infections. The improved antimicrobial activity of zinc pyrithione and silver sulfadiazine was maintained in an ointment formulation and led to improved clearance of P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and S. aureus in a murine model of wound infection. Taken together, these results suggest that topical zinc pyrithione and silver sulfadiazine combination formulations may mitigate wound-associated bacterial infections and disease progression. IMPORTANCE Topical antimicrobial ointments ostensibly mitigate bacterial wound disease and reliance on systemic antibiotics. Yet studies have called into question the therapeutic benefits of several traditional topical antibacterials, accentuating the need for improved next-generation antimicrobial ointments. Yet the development of such agents consisting of a new chemical entity is a time-consuming and expensive proposition. Considering that drug combinations are a mainstay therapeutic strategy for the treatment of other therapeutic indications, one alternative approach is to improve the performance of conventional antimicrobial ointments by the addition of a well-characterized and FDA-approved agent. Here we report data that indicate that the antimicrobial properties of silver sulfadiazine ointments can be significantly improved by the addition of the antifungal zinc pyrithione, suggesting that such combinations may provide an improved therapeutic option for the topical treatment of wound infections.
Clinical Reasoning: A 52-year-old man with diplopia and ataxia

A 52-year-old man presented with a month of progressive, painful, right-sided spasms, dysarthria, horizontal diplopia, left facial droop, and headaches. Over the last year, he had developed progressive gait ataxia that required use of a walker.
A Vietnamese Moses: Philiphe Binh and the Geographies of Early Modern Catholicism

Open access to this title is possible thanks to the generous support of Arcadia, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin. A Vietnamese Moses is the story of Philiphe Binh, a Vietnamese Catholic priest who in 1796 traveled from Tonkin to the Portuguese court in Lisbon to persuade its ruler to appoint a bishop for his community of ex-Jesuits. Based on Binh’s surviving writings from his thirty-seven-year exile in Portugal, this book examines how the intersections of global and local Roman Catholic geographies shaped the lives of Vietnamese Christians in the early modern era. The book also argues that Binh’s mission to Portugal and his intense lobbying on behalf of his community reflected the agency of Vietnamese Catholics, who vigorously engaged with church politics in defense of their distinctive Portuguese-Catholic heritage. George E. Dutton demonstrates the ways in which Catholic beliefs, histories, and genealogies transformed how Vietnamese thought about themselves and their place in the world. This sophisticated exploration of Vietnamese engagement with both the Catholic Church and Napoleonic Europe provides a unique perspective on the complex history of early Vietnamese Christianity. “Makes a significant contribution to a growing body of international research that brings Asian Christianity into the global domain.” BARBARA WATSON ANDAYA, coauthor of A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830 “Like the life this book traces, A Vietnamese Moses crosses borders and genres. A remarkable achievement.” CHARLES KEITH, author of Catholic Vietnam: A Church from Empire to Nation GEORGE E. DUTTON is Professor of Vietnamese History in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures and Director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Human T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Virus: Studies of Host-Virus Interaction

The human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) is a novel exogenous retrovirus (Poiesz et al. 1980, 1981; Gallo et al. 1982) recently found to be associated with adult T-cell leukemias in Japan (Yoshida et al. 1982; Haynes et al. 1982a), West Indies (Blattner et al. 1982; Catovsky et al. 1982), southeastern United States (Gallo et al. 1983a), Israel (Popovic et al. 1983), and other areas. Despite the diverse geographical clustering of HTLV-related leukemias and lymphomas, serological studies utilizing HTLV+ sera from patients with Japanese adult T-Cell leukemia (ATL), cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), and T-cell lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (TLCL) have indicated that HTLV isolates from around the world are highly related (Popovic et al. 1982, 1983; Kalyanaraman et al. 1982a; Gallo et al. 1983a). Concordance between the primary structure of HTLV p24 predicted by sequence analysis of the HTLV provirus from Japanese ATL (Seiki et al. 1983) and the partial amino acid sequence of HTLV p24 from American ATL leukemia cells (Oroszlan et al. 1982), as well as nucleic acid homology (Wong-Staal et al. 1983) and shared proviral restriction enzyme cleavage sites between American and Japanese HTLV isolates, have prompted the adoption of terminology which defines the provirus of Japanese ATL as a strain (HTLVATL) of HTLV (Watanabe et al. 1983). In addition, a new type of HTLV designated as HTLV-II has been isolated from a patient (MO) with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia (Kalyanaraman et al. 1982 b). Although the 24000-dalton core proteins of HTLV-I (also denoted here as HTLV) and HTLV-II are antigenically related, the restriction maps of HTLV-I and HTLV-II (MO) show few regions of overlap (Chen et al. 1983; Gelmann et al. 1984).
Abstract A31: A novel 3D osteoblastic niche assay is useful to study the characteristics of bone metastatic cancers

(Background) Many patients with metastatic cancer (i.e. Prostate, breast, lung, kidney, and melanoma) struggle with skeletal metastases which is frequently causing cancer-related death. Thus, there is an imminent demand for a better understanding of how bone-homing cancers communicate and physically interact with the bone microenvironment. It is known that cancer-stromal cell interaction in bone marrow is a pivotal step in determining bone metastasis and tumor behavior and is seen in the events of competition with HSC for the osteoblastic niche, entering dormant status, and enhanced tumor growth. However, the lack of biologically relevant assay platforms has hampered interrogation of the mechanism of cancer-bone interaction as well as the development of bone-targeted anti-metastatic drugs. (Methods) Here, we present a novel method that can measure the bone-homing ability of cancers by co-culturing 3D osteoblastic niche (3D-ObN) spheroids derived from human mesenchymal stem cells along with reporter cell lines carrying hypoxia response element (HRE)-regulated reporter genes (pGF-HRE4-GFP/SecNLuc). First, the migration ability of metastatic cancers into the 3D-ObN was examined by analyses of O.C.T. frozen section images using confocal microscopy. Next, the metastatic ability of highly metastatic cancers were compared to normal epithelial cells and assessed by using either fluorescent microscopy (IncuCyte) or a luminometer. (Results) The HRE-driven reporter was activated in a 3D-ObN spheroid-specific manner in response to the nature of the hypoxia gradient within the spheroid. While the 3D-ObN provided signals that suppressed cancer cell proliferation, highly metastatic cancer cells displayed higher homing ability in the 3D-ObN assay relative to the normal epithelial cells. Prostate cancer cells expressing putative cancer stem cell markers (CD44/CD133high) showed higher homing ability compared to CD44/CD133low populations. (Conclusion) This assay platform is the first of its kind through the fact that it mimics cancer-osteoblastic niche interactions and allows for quantification of the ability of cancer cells including cancer stem-like cells to invade and anchor in osteoblastic niche. Furthermore, this assay system can be readily amended to an efficient and effective high throughput screening system useful for identifying molecules potentially preventive to critical process of bone metastases. Citation Format: Seunghwan Lim, Tej Pareek, Rasmi Palassery, John Letterio. A novel 3D osteoblastic niche assay is useful to study the characteristics of bone metastatic cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A31.
Multiscale Systems Biology Model of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Progression.

Calcific aortic valve disease is a common cause of aortic stenosis, a life threatening condition. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the cascade of mechanosensitive biochemical events that occur upon damage to the endothelial layer, leading to calcification. The model contains two phases. In the initiation phase, the model accounts for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) penetration into the subendothelial space, oxidation of LDL, and monocyte penetration and differentiation to activated macrophages. In the calcification phase, transforming growth factor beta is secreted from macrophages, inducing differentiation of valvular interstitial cells into activated myofibroblasts that can enable calcium deposition. Wall shear stress and mechanical strain are taken into account with simplified models updated based on calcification progression. The model parameters are estimated based on experimental data. Next, a statin therapy simulation is performed to evaluate the effect of lipid lowering t...
Corporate Islam: Sharia and the Modern Workplace

Compelling and original, this book offers a unique insight into the modern Islamic corporation, revealing how power, relationships, individual identities, gender roles, and practices - and often massive financial resources - are mobilized on behalf of Islam. Focusing on Muslims in Malaysia, Patricia Sloane-White argues that sharia principles in the region's Islamic economy produce a version of Islam that is increasingly conservative, financially and fiscally powerful, and committed to social control over Muslim and non-Muslim public and private lives. Packed with fascinating details, the book is essential reading for anyone with an interest in Islamic politics and culture in modern life.
On Three Major Dichotomies

La lecture critique de plusieurs auteurs anthropologues classiques et post-modernistes (Levi-Strauss, Spiro, Geertz, Boas, Bakhtin, Sapir, Whorf) qui ont mene une reflexion sur la relation entre l'anthropologue et son objet d'etude, ne semble pas avoir resolu, selon l'A., trois dichotomies qu'il juge importantes : entre le sujet et l'objet, entre l'anthropologie autochtone et l'anthropologie conventionnelle ou allochtone, puis entre la valeur-libre et la valeur-jugement. C'est a partir de la notion d'heteroglossie proposee par Mikhail Bakhtine que l'A. propose de revoir ces rapports.
Prospective Examination of Early Associations of Iraq War Zone Deployment, Combat Severity, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with New Incident Medical Diagnoses

War zone deployment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been associated with morbidity and mortality decades later. Less is known about the associations between these variables and the early emergence of medical disorders in war zone veterans. This prospective study of 862 U.S. Army soldiers (n = 569 deployed; n = 293 nondeployed) examined: (a) associations between Iraq War deployment status (deployed vs. nondeployed) and new medical diagnoses that emerged within six months after return from Iraq among all participants; and (b) associations between combat severity and PTSD symptoms, and new postdeployment medical diagnoses that emerged within 12 months after return from Iraq within deployed participants. New medical diagnoses were abstracted from diagnostic codes associated with clinical outpatient visits recorded within the Department of Defense Standard Ambulatory Data Record database. Combat severity was measured with the Combat Experiences module of the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory, and postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity was measured using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian. Neither deployment nor combat severity was associated with new medical diagnoses. However, among deployed soldiers, more severe PTSD symptoms were associated with increased risk for a new medical disorder diagnosis; every 10-point increase in PTSD symptoms increased odds of a new diagnosis by nearly 20% (odds ratio = 1.20). Results suggest that PTSD symptoms are associated with early morbidity in Iraq War veterans.
Individual, Institutional and International: Three Aspects of Intercultural Communication

This chapter starts by revisiting the three main sets of overarching questions that guided the Macao International Forum out of which grew this book. The second part, “Individual Cultures and the Individual as Cultural Artifact”, focuses on the first corner of a three-part triangular perspective, and begins by considering the original meanings of “individual” and “artifact”, and how those meanings have developed and expanded over time. To some extent reversing the idea that artifacts are, by definition, things made by humans, I propose that each of us is as much an artifact as the objects we make.
Absence of Characteristic Covectors: Lemmas for Moving the Wall

This chapter contains the tools needed to prove the main theorems of Part I (Sects. 3.7, 3.10, 3.11). In order to carry out the “moving the wall” arguments which are needed in the proof of these theorems, it is necessary to know that there are no characteristic covectors which might impede the motion of the wall, i.e., that the wall is transverse to the strata of Z. In this chapter we prove that there are no such characteristic covectors.
I DDQ testing: A review

Quiescent power supply current (I DDQ ) testing of CMOS integrated circuits is a technique for production quality and reliability improvement, design validation, and failure analysis. It has been used for many years by a few companies and is now receiving wider acceptance as an industry tool. This article begins with a brief history of CMOS ICs to provide perspective on the origin of I DDQ testing. Next, the use of I DDQ testing for IC quality improvement through increased defect and fault detection is described. Then implementation issues are considered, including test pattern generation software, hardware instrumentation, limit setting, IC design guidelines, and defect diagnosis. An extended reference list is provided to help the reader obtain more information on specific aspects.
Framework for Assessment and Monitoring of Biodiversity

Data and information on status and trends of biodiversity are necessary to implement sound conservation and management of species and habitats. Biodiversity monitoring and assessment programs (BMAP) are major components of natural resources management plans, such as those for protected area management and those that integrate natural resource use with sustainable development practices. The BMAP is an effective way to learn how ecosystem components interact and influence one another and provides a framework to evaluate the status and trends in the condition of habitats and species of interest and the effectiveness of management practices.
The Quantum Model of the Atom

One of the first important clues to understanding atomic structure involved the study of the emission and absorption of light by the atoms of different elements. Physicists knew from Maxwell’s theory that light is emitted and absorbed only by accelerating charges. This suggested that the atom might contain moving charges. Patterns and regularities in the properties of the light emitted we expected to provide valuable clues about the precise nature of the motions of the moving charges. The results of this study were so important to the unraveling of atomic structure that we review their development here in some detail.