cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond Visible Light: User and Societal Impacts of Egocentric Multispectral Vision

Multi-spectral imagery is becoming popular for a wide range of application fields from agriculture to healthcare, mainly stemming from advances in consumer sensor and display technologies.Modern augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays already combine a multitude of sensors and are well-suited for integration with additional sensors, such as cameras capturing information from different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, we describe a novel multi-spectral vision prototype based on the Microsoft HoloLens 1, which we extended with two thermal infrared (IR) cameras and two ultraviolet (UV) cameras. We performed an exploratory experiment, in which participants wore the prototype for an extended period of time and assessed its potential to augment our daily activities. Our report covers a discussion of qualitative insights on personal and societal uses of such novel multi-spectral vision systems, including their applicability for use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preliminary Validation of the Learning Ratio for the HVLT-R and BVMT-R in Older Adults.

BACKGROUND The learning slope is typically represented as the raw difference between the final score and the score of the first learning trial. A new method for calculating the learning slope, the learning ratio (LR), was recently developed; it is typically represented as the number of items that are learned after the first trial divided by the number of items that are yet to be learned. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the convergent and criterion validity of the LR in order to understand its sensitivity to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. METHOD Fifty-six patients from a memory clinic underwent standard neuropsychological assessment and quantitative brain imaging. LR scores were calculated from the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and were compared with both standard memory measures and total hippocampal volumes, as well as between individuals with AD and those with mild cognitive impairment. RESULTS Lower LR scores were consistently associated with poorer performances on standard memory measures and smaller total hippocampal volumes, generally more so than traditional learning slope scores. The LR scores of the AD group were smaller than those of the group with mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the aggregation of LR scores into a single metric was partially supported. CONCLUSION The LR is sensitive to AD pathology along the AD continuum. This result supports previous claims that the LR score can reflect learning capacity better than traditional learning calculations can by considering the amount of information that is learned at trial 1.
Smart Health Emotions Tracking System

Many diseases such as mental health disorders, can be linked to variable mood. Applications for smart health are important allowing patients with abnormal health conditions to be monitored and provided rapid help. Advances in IOT play a major role in the field of health care by empowering people to connect their health and wealth in a smart way. A simple Smart health tracking emotions system is developed, which records scheduled activities and student emotions over a period. It allows them later to have access to this data that can be analyzed. The emotions are measured based on a scale ranging from 0 to 10.
Potential for Time Compression in Creep-Fatigue Property Evaluation

This paper presents several engineering techniques for shorter time to characterize creep fatigue resistance. The topics include: 1) Classification of 100 Existing Creep-Fatigue Models; 2) Strainrange Partitioning (SRP) Approach; 3) Inelastic Strainrange SRP-Life Extrapolation Approaches; and 4) Total Strain Version of SRP. This paper is presented in viewgraph form.
Changing paradigms in the management of 2184 patients with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the change in trends in the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) at a level I trauma center and the utilization of resources as a result of this change in management. BACKGROUND The management of TBI has been evolving with trends toward management of minimally injured patients with intracranial hemorrhage exclusively by trauma surgeons. METHODS A 5-year (2009-2014) prospective database on all patients with TBI (skull fracture/intracranial hemorrhage on head computed tomography) presenting to a level I trauma center was analyzed for patient demographics, injuries, admission physiology, computed tomographic scan results, and hospital outcomes. These records were matched to the institutional registry and hospital financial database. RESULTS A total of 2184 patients were included with median (interquartile range) Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 (12-15), and median (interquartile range) head-abbreviated injury scale score of 3 (2-4). The distribution of types and size of intracranial bleeds remained unchanged throughout the study period. The proportion of TBI managed exclusively by trauma surgeons increased significantly over the years from 6.8% to 40.1% (P < 0.001). Proportion of patients who received neurosurgical consultations (P < 0.001) and repeat head computed tomographic scans (P < 0.001), hospital length of stay (P = 0.028), and costs (P < 0.001) decreased significantly over time. The overall mortality rate (18.5%) and rate of intervention (14.1%) remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS TBI patients can be selectively managed without initially involving neurosurgeons safely in a cost-effective manner, resulting in more effective use of precious resources.
Antigenic Epitopes Regulate the Phenotype of CD8 + CTL Primed by Exogenous Antigens

We previously reported that insulin-specific, MHC class I-restricted CTL precursors can be primed by injecting C57BL/6 mice with bovine insulin in CFA. These bovine insulin-primed CTL displayed a type 0 CTL phenotype, producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, low levels of IFN-gamma, but no TNF-alpha. By contrast, CTL generated from C57BL/6 mice primed with OVA in CFA produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but no IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10 and therefore were classified as type 1 CTL. Although CD4+ T cell subsets have been compared extensively in the literature, CTL subsets are less well characterized. Here, the phenotype, function, and requirements for the in vivo activation of type 1 and type 0 CTL cells were studied. Although both types of CTL express many of the same cell-surface Ags, OVA-specific CTL but not bovine insulin-primed CTL expressed CT-1, a carbohydrate epitope of CD45, and bovine insulin-primed CTL but not OVA-specific CTL expressed Fas constitutively. Priming of CTL was abrogated by depletion of phagocytic cells but not CD4+ T cells, whereas depletion of CD4+ T cells but not phagocytic cells inhibited Ab responses in the same mice. Neither endogenous IL-4 nor the dose of priming Ag altered the CTL phenotypes, but the antigenic peptides of OVA and bovine insulin were key to determining the differentiation of either type 1 or type 0 CTL. To our knowledge, this is the first time that antigenic epitopes have been demonstrated to influence the phenotype of Ag-specific CTL responses. These results may be relevant to the development of peptide vaccines in which a particular type of CTL response is desired.
Sensitivity analysis of injection-based position estimation in PM synchronous motors

This paper analyzes effects of injection frequency selection on performance of position-sensorless algorithms for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The sensitivity with respect to the rotor position of the transfer function between the injected quantity (e.g. voltage) and its response (e.g. current) is explored over a wide frequency range. The paper then presents analytical results that optimize the selection of injection frequency in terms of motor and drive parameters. The frequency selection procedure is based on motor parameters that were obtained experimentally.
Separation of cell types from embryonic chicken and rat spinal cord: characterization of motoneuron-enriched fractions

Single cell suspensions prepared from embryonic chick or rat spinal cords were separated into morphologically and functionally distinct subpopulation based on their buoyant densities The lightest fraction (F-1) was highly enriched for cells containing the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT), a marker for developing motoneurons. The morphology biochemistry, and in vitro development of this and other spinal cord cell fractions isolated by the outlined procedure were investigated. Spinal cords, dissected from 6-day chick or 12-day rat embryos, were dissociated with trypsin and applied to iso-osmotic metrizamide density gradients. After brief centrifugation, biochemical analysis revealed that cholinergic cells migrated to lower densities than other spinal cord cells. The use of discontinuous density gradients allowed rapid and simple isolation of three fractions of viable cells (designated F-1 to F-3, lowest to highest density). Characterization of chicken and rat embryo cell fractions gave similar results. The cells in Fraction 1 were large with prominent nuclei and nucleoli, while those in F-2 and F-3 were distinctly smaller. Fraction 1 was highly enriched for cholinergic cells. The CAT specific activity (CAT/cell) was increased 400% in Fraction 1 compared to unfractionated cells, while CAT specific activity in F-2 and F-3 was reduced to 25% and less than 4% that of unfractionated cells, respectively. The recovery of cholinergic cells using this procedure was much better than with other published procedures; greater than half the spinal cord CAT activity was routinely recovered in the enriched fraction. The cholinergic-enriched cells (F-1) were unique in their in vitro growth characteristics. All fractions had neuronal cells, while non-neuronal cells were distributed primarily in F-3, fewer in F-2, and were essentially absent from F-1. Neurons in F-2 and F-3 remained viable under a variety of conditions, most of which were not supportive of F-1 cell survival. The cholinergic-enriched F-1 cells survived and developed only in the presence of muscle cells or in muscle-conditioned medium on highly adhesive substrata. Large, multipolar neurons predominated under these conditions. The method described provides a means of characterizing the factors involved in the development of distinct populations of cells from the embryonic spinal cord.
CHAPTER 30 – Pain System

This chapter emphasizes on the pain system, which is based primarily on experiments that used primates and on observations in human subjects. Although most of the studies described here refer to pathways that involve the spinal cord, there will be some reference to the comparable pain system that signals information conveyed by the trigeminal and other cranial nerves and their central connections. Pain signals are processed in humans and other mammals by the pain system, which is composed of primary afferent nociceptors, ascending spinal cord nociceptive pathways, descending modulatory pathways, and a number of brain structures that process information related to pain signals. There are a variety of reactions to painful stimuli, including not only sensory discrimination of pain but also motivational-affective responses to painful stimuli, as well as somatic and autonomic reflexes, endocrine changes, and memories of pain. Transmission of pain signals to the brain also activates feedback circuits that can inhibit the effects of sensory input at the spinal cord or brain stem level or, alternatively, accentuate pain responses.
Techniques of self-interference incoherent digital holography

We discuss and demonstrate our recent developments using self-interference incoherent digital holography to bridge the gap between indispensable incoherent imaging techniques and the advantages of three-dimensional holographic recording. We demonstrate the ability to record broadband sunlit photographic holograms, apply non-invasive three-dimensional tracking techniques, and the ease of adaptation to existing tools in microscopy and fluorescence.
Modulation of the PA28alpha-20S proteasome interaction by a peptidyl alcohol.

Abstract The peptidyl alcohol N -benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu(O-t-Bu)-Ala-leucinol is a mild activator of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome. When added to an incubation mixture of recombinant PA28α plus 20S proteasome the peptidyl alcohol antagonizes the stimulation of the chymotrypsin-like activity by PA28α in a dose-dependent manner (IC 50 = 30 μM). This effect is selective for the chymotrypsin-like activity. Stimulation of the peptidyl-glutamyl peptide bond hydrolyzing activity of the proteasome by PA28α is not affected by the peptidyl alcohol. The ovalbumin immunodominant epitope SIINFEKL is hydrolyzed by the PA28α-activated 20S proteasome to SIINF and SIINFE in approximately equimolar amounts. Addition of the peptidyl alcohol to an incubation mixture of PA28α, 20S proteasome and SIINFEKL shifts the ratio of products in favor of SIINFE. A similar shift in favor of postglutamyl cleavages occurs with the extended peptide LEQLESIINFEKLTE. By altering the ratio of products produced by the PA28α-activated proteasome, the peptidyl alcohol acts as a proteasome modulator. Proteasome modulators represent a novel class of molecules with a potential for altering the processing of antigens by the PA28–proteasome complex for presentation by the MHC class I system.
Low dispersion silicon Slot waveguides for frequency comb generation with equally spaced spectral lines

A silicon slotted ring resonator with flattened dispersion in the cavity is proposed to produce uniform spectral lines in on-chip frequency comb generations. Standard deviation of the free spectral range is improved by 250 times as compared to a strip waveguide in the same size.
AKAP79 Interacts with Multiple Adenylyl Cyclase (AC) Isoforms and Scaffolds AC5 and -6 to α-Amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) Receptors

Spatiotemporal specificity of cAMP action is best explained by targeting protein kinase A (PKA) to its substrates by A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs). At synapses in the brain, AKAP79/150 incorporates PKA and other regulatory enzymes into signal transduction networks that include β-adrenergic receptors, α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA), and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors. We previously showed that AKAP79/150 clusters PKA with type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5) to assemble a negative feedback loop in which the anchored kinase phosphorylates AC5 to dynamically suppress cAMP synthesis. We now show that AKAP79 can associate with multiple AC isoforms. The N-terminal regions of AC5, -6, and -9 mediate this protein-protein interaction. Mapping studies located a reciprocal binding surface between residues 77–108 of AKAP79. Intensity- and lifetime-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer demonstrated that deletion of AKAP7977–108 region abolished AC5-AKAP79 interaction in living cells. The addition of the AKAP7977–153 polypeptide fragment uncouples AC5/6 interactions with the anchoring protein and prevents PKA-mediated inhibition of AC activity in membranes. Use of the AKAP7977–153 polypeptide fragment in brain extracts from wild-type and AKAP150−/− mice reveals that loss of the anchoring protein results in decreased AMPA receptor-associated AC activity. Thus, we propose that AKAP79/150 mediates protein-protein interactions that place AC5 in proximity to synaptic AMPA receptors.
Cerebral metabolism following traumatic brain injury: new discoveries with implications for treatment

Because it is the product of glycolysis and main substrate for mitochondrial respiration, lactate is the central metabolic intermediate in cerebral energy substrate delivery. Our recent studies on healthy controls and patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI) using [6,6-(2)H2]glucose and [3-(13)C]lactate, along with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial-venous (jugular bulb) difference measurements for oxygen, metabolite levels, isotopic enrichments and (13)CO2 show a massive and previously unrecognized mobilization of lactate from corporeal (muscle, skin, and other) glycogen reserves in TBI patients who were studied 5.7 ± 2.2 days after injury at which time brain oxygen consumption and glucose uptake (CMRO2 and CMRgluc, respectively) were depressed. By tracking the incorporation of the (13)C from lactate tracer we found that gluconeogenesis (GNG) from lactate accounted for 67.1 ± 6.9%, of whole-body glucose appearance rate (Ra) in TBI, which was compared to 15.2 ± 2.8% (mean ± SD, respectively) in healthy, well-nourished controls. Standard of care treatment of TBI patients in state-of-the-art facilities by talented and dedicated heath care professionals reveals presence of a catabolic Body Energy State (BES). Results are interpreted to mean that additional nutritive support is required to fuel the body and brain following TBI. Use of a diagnostic to monitor BES to provide health care professionals with actionable data in providing nutritive formulations to fuel the body and brain and achieve exquisite glycemic control are discussed. In particular, the advantages of using inorganic and organic lactate salts, esters and other compounds are examined. To date, several investigations on brain-injured patients with intact hepatic and renal functions show that compared to dextrose + insulin treatment, exogenous lactate infusion results in normal glycemia.
Social Media in Schools: A Treasure Trove or Hot Potato?

In the sphere of education, social media has posed enormous challenges and unleashed its potential as a venue to communicate with stakeholders. This case is a fictionalized version of several real cases related to the school leaders’ struggle with utilizing social media to accomplish changes in schools. This case describes two high school administrators’ exploration in school’s use of social media. All people and schools’ names are pseudonyms. The narratives in this case are presented to deepen the understanding of the role of schools’ social media in creating social capital, and to raise the acute awareness of legal issues of schools’ social media.
Reactive sputtering of Si/SiN x quarter-wave dielectric mirrors using in-situ laser reflectometry

We demonstrate a computer automated system for reactive sputter deposition of silicon and silicon nitride that features a laser reflectometer as an in-situ monitoring tool. A hollow anode was designed specifically for this purpose and enables in-situ reflectivity measurements at normal incidence to the wafer. We describe the use of this system for in-situ determination of the deposition rate and the material optical properties (refraedve index and loss). Finally we describe the fabrication of high precision Si/SiNx quarter-wave dielectric mirrors for opto-electronic applications by means of an in-situ feedback control algorithm.
Tight Conformational Coupling between the Domains of the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Fimbrial Adhesin CfaE Regulates Binding State Transition

CfaE, the tip adhesin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factor antigen I fimbriae, initiates binding of this enteropathogen to the small intestine. It comprises stacked β-sandwich adhesin (AD) and pilin (PD) domains, with the putative receptor-binding pocket at one pole and an equatorial interdomain interface. CfaE binding to erythrocytes is enhanced by application of moderate shear stress. A G168D replacement along the AD facing the CfaE interdomain region was previously shown to decrease the dependence on shear by increasing binding at lower shear forces. To elucidate the structural basis for this functional change, we studied the properties of CfaE G168D (with a self-complemented donor strand) and solved its crystal structure at 2.6 Å resolution. Compared with native CfaE, CfaE G168D showed a downward shift in peak erythrocyte binding under shear stress and greater binding under static conditions. The thermal melting transition of CfaE G168D occurred 10 °C below that of CfaE. Compared with CfaE, the atomic structure of CfaE G168D revealed a 36% reduction in the buried surface area at the interdomain interface. Despite the location of this single modification in the AD, CfaE G168D exhibited structural derangements only in the adjoining PD compared with CfaE. In molecular dynamics simulations, the G168D mutation was associated with weakened interdomain interactions under tensile force. Taken together, these findings indicate that the AD and PD of CfaE are conformationally tightly coupled and support the hypothesis that opening of the interface plays a critical modulatory role in the allosteric activation of CfaE.
The use of Zinc Oxalate Dihydrate in Establishing The Working Reproducibility of A Simultaneous Tg-Dta Unit

Zinc oxalate dihydrate is a well characterized inorganic compound and the thermal degradation it undergoes is well known. It was therefore used in this study to establish the reproducibility of the simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) unit, as well as to establish other methods of recording thermal analysis data from such a unit using only a single run on the equipment. A kinetic evaluation of the dehydration and decomposition was made and the activation energy was found to be 100 KJ/mol for the dehydration and 299 KJ/mol for decomposition. 4 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Ground-water Inflow in the Kaimai Rail Tunnel, New Zealand

Ground-water inflow created problems during the construction of the 8.8 km Kaimai Rail Tunnel. After the cement tunnel shell was completed, drains were constructed to contain the water. To assist the decision on whether to grout and where to grout, a series of flow gaugings were carried out over a six month period. Flow velocity and water temperature were measured at 100-500 metre intervals to identify the regions of inflow. The gauging programme successfully identified two regions of groundwater inflow that would require grouting if a "dry" tunnel was desired. The western end (0-1,500 m) had a small total inflow of 55 l/s or 0.04 l/s/m. The eastern end (3,600-8,854 m) had a greater inflow, 230 l/s over a greater length of tunnel (5,254 m) (0.04 l/s/m). Between these two regions there is a net loss of 50 l/s from the tunnel. This pattern in inflow and outflow is considered to be the interception of the ground-water flow system. Water temperatures, although less definitive, show a similar pattern of inflow. The variation in water temperatures between the west (25 deg C) and east (30-40 deg C) may result from depth of flow path. (Author)
Solution 1H NMR study of the active site molecular structure and magnetic properties of the cyanomet complex of the isolated, tetrameric β-chain from human adult hemoglobin

The solution molecular structure and the electronic and magnetic properties of the heme pocket of the cyanomet complex of the isolated beta-chain of human adult hemoglobin, HbA, have been investigated by homonuclear 2D (1)H NMR in order to assess the extent of assignments allowed by (1)H NMR of a homo-tetrameric 65-kDa protein, to guide the future assignments of the heterotetrameric complex of HbA, and to compare the structure of the beta-chain to the crystallographically characterized complexes that contains the beta-chain. The target residues are those that exhibit significant (>|0.2| ppm) dipolar shifts, as predicted by a "preliminary" set of magnetic axes determined from a small set of easily assigned active site residues. All 104 target residues ( approximately 70% of total) were assigned by taking advantage of the temperature dependence predicted by the "preliminary" magnetic axes for the polypeptide backbone; they include all residues proposed to play a significant role in modulating the ligand affinity in the tetramer HbA. Left unassigned are the A-helix, the end of the G-helix and the beginning of the H-helix where dipolar shifts are less than |0.2| ppm. These comprehensive assignments allow the determination of a robust set of orientation and anisotropies of the paramagnetic susceptibility tensor that leads to quantitative interpretation of the dipolar shifts of the beta-chain in terms of the crystal coordinates of the beta-subunit in ligated HbA which, in turn, confirms a largely conserved molecular structure of the isolated beta-chain relative to that in the intact R-state HbA. The major magnetic axis, which is correlated with the tilt of the Fe-CN unit, is tilted approximately 10 degrees from the heme normal so that the Fe-CN unit is tilted toward the beta-meso-H in a fashion remarkably similar to the Fe-CO tilt in the beta-subunit of HbCO. It is concluded that a set of "preliminary" magnetic axes and the use of variable temperature 2D NMR spectra are crucial to effective assignments in the tetrameric cyanomet beta-chain and that this approach should be similarly effective in HbA.
Factorial composition of commonly used self-report depression inventories : relationships with basic dimensions of temperament

Abstract Current and influential depression inventories were analyzed to identify common sets of factored homogeneous item dimensions (FHIDs). The resulting 29 FHIDs were factored and yielded three primary-level factors: Depression, Anxiety, and Appetite and Weight Loss. Temperament correlates of the Depression factor showed that it taps unpleasant and submissive temperament. As expected, the Anxiety factor related to unpleasant, arousable, and submissive temperament. The Appetite and Weight Loss factor related more strongly to the Anxiety than to the Depression factor. The latter was consistent with findings showing that distress and/or anxiety tends to reduce appetite.
Raman spectra of several layer compounds with charge density waves

Abstract Raman scattering studies of the transition metal dichalcogenide layer compounds 1TTaS 2 , 1TTaSe 2 , 2H-TaSe 2 and 1TVSe 2 are reported. The materials were studied with commensurate and incommensurate charge density waves (CDWs) as well as in the absence of CDWs. Large qualitative changes observed in the Raman spectra are associated with the formation of CDWs and the change from an incommensurate to a commensurate phase.
On the formation of secondary and tertiary structure in apomyoglobin.

Abstract Available data on the helix content of various fragments from apomyoglobin have been analyzed using a model which treats proline residues as helix breakers. The experimentally observed helix fraction, estimated from optical activity measurements, is compared with the value calculated from the model using the helix—coil transition theory of oligopeptides. The results indicate that helix G (residues 100–118) has the greatest helix-forming tendency in the protein, and that the average helix-forming tendency of the N-terminal region of apomyoglobin (helices A and B) is only slightly greater than that of the C-terminal region (helix H). In agreement with the structure of crystalline myoglobin, it appears that the middle portion of the protein (helices C, D, and E) has the lowest helix potential. The results also suggest that a stable tertiary structure does not occur until well over half the protein has been biosynthesized, consistent with the two-state transition model.
Multiple scattering effects on coherent bandwidth and pulse distortion of a wave propagating in a random distribution of particles

In this paper, integral and differential equations are derived for the two-frequency mutual coherence function in a random distribution of stationary and moving particles. The differential equation is then solved for a plane wave case, and the coherent bandwidth is obtained for both the weak and strong fluctuation cases. Using the two-frequency correlation function, the output pulse shape is calculated for different particle densities. When the optical distance is small compared with unity, the pulse shape is substantially unchanged, but a long tail develops. When the optical distance is large, the coherent bandwidth is reduced and considerable pulse spread and delay occur. Numerical calculations are given for a nanosecond optical pulse propagating through cloud. It is shown that in dense cloud (density 0.5 × 10 9 m −3 ), the pulse delay and spread are 3 and 1.28 μsec respectively over a distance of 5 km. This agrees with available experimental data.
Causal Indicator Models: Unresolved Issues of Construction and Evaluation

Building on earlier work by Blalock (1974), Kenneth Bollen and colleagues (e.g., Bollen & Bauldry, 2011; Bollen & Lennox, 1991) have over the past 30 years developed the causal indicator model as a...
Diatomic-hydrogen-complex dissociation: A microscopic model for metastable defect generation in Si

Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate an explicit reaction pathway for carrier-induced changes in hydrogenated Si through dissociation of paired-H complexes. The complex dissociates through the capture of charge carriers with calculated kinetic barriers for electron- and hole-induced dissociations of 1.1 and 0.9 eV, respectively, in crystalline Si, in general agreement with the experimentally observed activation energies for single-carrier defect creation in hydrogenated a-Si. Exciton lowering of the barrier accounts for the low activation energy of light-induced defect formation.
Characteristics of triangular lattice arrays

Triangular lattice arrays fed uniformly are found similar in their radiation characteristics to linear tapered arrays. In addition, they direct most of their energy in the forward direction with relatively low side-lobe level. The maximum nominal directivity is in general higher numerically than the total number of elements in the array. A universal amplitude contour map is found capable of handling both right and oblique triangular lattice arrays.
Preparation of La1−zSrzCo1−yFeyO3−x thin films, membranes, and coatings on dense and porous substrates

A modified Pechini process has been successfully developed for preparation of thin films of La1−zSrzCo1−yFeyO3−x (LSCF) on both dense and porous substrates. Results indicatc that the most important processing parameter is the ratio of the polymerization/complexation agent to metal ions. Ceramic films derived from solutions with a relatively low ratio of citric acid to metal ions are usually cracked, while films derived from solutions with a relatively high ratio are crack-free and uniform. The use of ethylenediamine as an additional chelating agent further improves film quality, especially the adhesion and uniformity of the films. A single coating of solution typically yields a ceramic film of thickness about 0.4 μm, and thicker films can be prepared by application of successive coatings. For deposition of thin-film membranes on a porous substrate, however, it is necessary to modify the surface of the porous substrate in order to prevent solution from infiltrating into the pores due to capillary force, and to prevent oxide films from cracking due to surface roughness. The application of an intermediate polymer film to the surfaces of porous substrates has effectively overcome the problems and has resulted in uniform, nonporous membranes of LSCF on porous substrates. Successful deposition of thin-film ceramic membranes on porous substrates is important to fabrication of various ionic and micro-ionic devices based on ceramic thin films.
Reflectivity of silver- and aluminium-based alloys for solar reflectors

Abstract Numerous attempts have been made over the years to improve the corrosion resistance of silver and the reflectivity of aluminium by using alloying techniques. This paper describes the current understanding of the limitations on these attempts, based on the electron theory of metals. Experimental optical data on alloys that utilize silver and aluminium as base metals are summarized. It is shown that: (1) alloying of silver and aluminium reduces the solar-weighted reflectance, (2) solute additions may slightly improve the corrosion resistance of silver but in turn reduce the reflectance, (3) the parameters which affect the reflectance of a pure metal include kind and number of solute atoms, surface reactions, surface conditions, kind of mirror preparation and interband transitions. Suggestions for future investigations are given.
Quantification of colloidal and aqueous element transfer in soils: The dual-phase mass balance model

Mass balance models have become standard tools for characterizing element gains and losses and volumetric change during weathering and soil development. However, they rely on the assumption of complete immobility for an index element such as Ti or Zr. Here we describe a dual-phase mass balance model that eliminates the need for an assumption of immobility and in the process quantifies the contribution of aqueous versus colloidal element transfer. In the model, the high field strength elements Ti and Zr are assumed to be mobile only as suspended solids (colloids) and can therefore be used to distinguish elemental redistribution via colloids from redistribution via dissolved aqueous solutes. Calculations are based upon element concentrations in soil, parent material, and colloids dispersed from soil in the laboratory. We illustrate the utility of this model using a catena in South Africa. Traditional mass balance models systematically distort elemental gains and losses and changes in soil volume in this catena due to significant redistribution of Zr-bearing colloids. Applying the dual-phase model accounts for this colloidal redistribution and we find that the process accounts for a substantial portion of the major element (e.g., Al, Fe and Si) loss from eluvial soil. In addition, we find that in illuvial soils along this catena, gains of colloidal material significantly offset aqueous elemental loss. In other settings, processes such as accumulation of exogenous dust can mimic the geochemical effects of colloid redistribution and we suggest strategies for distinguishing between the two. The movement of clays and colloidal material is a major process in weathering and pedogenesis; the mass balance model presented here is a tool for quantifying effects of that process over time scales of soil development.
THE SCALE SIZE OF SCINTILLATION-PRODUCING IRREGULARITIES IN THE AURORAL IONOSPHERE.

F layer irregularities transverse scale measurements by two-frequency scintillation-ratio technique yielding 600-700 m scales in auroral zone
On the admissibility of finite groups over global fields of finite characteristic

Let k be a global field of characteristic p. A finite group G is called k-admissible if there exists a division algebra finite dimensional and central over k which is a crossed product for G. Let G be a finite group with normal Sylow p-subgroup P. If the factor group GP is k-admissible, then G is k-admissible. A necessary condition is given for a group to be k-admissible: if a finite group G is k-admissible, then every Sylow l-subgroup of G for l ≠ p is metacyclic with some additional restriction. Then it is proved that a metacyclic group G generated by x and y is k-admissible if some relation between x and y is satisfied.
On the unconditional uniqueness of solutions to the infinite radial Chern-Simons-Schrödinger hierarchy

In this article, we establish the unconditional uniqueness of solutions to an infinite radial Chern–Simons–Schrodinger (IRCSS) hierarchy in two spatial dimensions. The IRCSS hierarchy is a system of infinitely many coupled PDEs that describes the limiting Chern–Simons–Schrodinger dynamics of infinitely many interacting anyons. The anyons are two-dimensional objects that interact through a self-generated field. Due to the interactions with the self-generated field, the IRCSS hierarchy is a system of nonlinear PDEs, which distinguishes it from the linear infinite hierarchies studied previously. Factorized solutions of the IRCSS hierarchy are determined by solutions of the Chern–Simons–Schrodinger system. Our result therefore implies the unconditional uniqueness of solutions to the radial Chern–Simons–Schrodinger system as well.
Management of chemical plants using chemical compatibility information

OSHA's Process Safety Management Standard, 29 CFR 1910.119 (September, 1992) requires that process hazard evaluations be performed on covered processes. The regulations contain 14 areas for consideration, six of which are related to the need to provide comprehensive information of all process materials, including the consequences of inadvertent mixing of process materials. This information can be made available to those involved in the manufacturing process through the development of an Interaction Matrix. A brief overview of the subject is given in a publication by the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) [1]. In 1996 AIChE announced the availability of the computer package CHEMPAT that provides a straight-forward method of generating and documenting the interaction matrix, or Compatibility Chart, and accompanying database. CHEMPAT was developed, and used internally, by the Dow Chemical Company since 1987. It was donated by Dow to AIChE in 1995 for use by the chemical process industries. This paper outlines the approach used to develop chemical compatibility information and briefly describes the use of CHEMPAT in that process.
Cartilage sulfation inhibitor from rat liver: partial characterization of properties and biologic action.

Abstract Cartilage sulfation (somatomedin) inhibitors (CSI) from rat liver produce reversible inhibition of cartilage growth. After gel filtration Sephadex G-200, CSI appear to have MW ∼100,000 and they are urea- and trypsin-labile factors. To explore further the mechanism of CSI action, we used the chick pelvic rudiment bioassay and studied the effect of CSI on the incorporation on 35 S-sulfate (proteoglycan synthesis), 14 C-leucine (protein synthesis), 3 H-uridine (RNA synthesis), and 3 H-thymidine (DNA synthesis). Normal rat serum (NRS) significantly stimulated the incorporation of all four isotopes, as expected. After a 24-hour incubation, CSI significantly blunted cartilage stimulation by NRS regarding total isotope uptake (1), 35 S-sulfate (NRS, 96 ± 8 mcg/100 mg cartilage dry weight; NRS + CSI, 48 ± 4, mean ± SEM, n=29, P 14 C-leucine (NRS, 2,089 ± 172 cpm/mg dry weight; NRS + CSI, 1,102 ± 141, n=18, P 3 H-uridine (NRS, 6,711 ± 832 cpm/mg; NRS + CSI, 3,227 ± 425 cpm/mg, n=18, P 3 H-thymidine (NRS, 3,540 ± 620 cpm/mg; NRS + CSI 3,249 ± 285, n=19). The inhibition of 35 S-sulfate and 14 C-leucine uptake by CSI was dose-dependent and reversible. For 35 S-sulfate, uptake by cartilage incubated with CSI alone for 40 hours was 13 ± 3 μg/100 mg; with CSI for 16 hours then fresh medium with NRS for 24 hours uptake was 39 ± 12, P 14 C-leucine, uptake with CSI alone for 40 hours was 22.8 ± 5.4 × 10 3 cpm/mg; with CSI 16 hours, then NRS 24 hours, uptake was 59.9 ± 9.3 × 10 3 , P 35 S-sulfate, 14 C-leucine, 3 H-uridine, but not 3 H-thymidine. CSI action is dose-dependent and reversible. The data suggest that CSI can exert broad antianabolic effects on normal cartilage.
The admissibility of sporadic simple groups

Abstract In 1955 Hall and Paige conjectured that a finite group is admissible, i.e., admits complete mappings, if its Sylow 2-subgroup is trivial or noncyclic. In a recent paper, Wilcox proved that any minimal counterexample to this conjecture must be simple, and further, must be either the Tits group or a sporadic simple group. In this paper we improve on this result by proving that the fourth Janko group is the only possible minimal counterexample to this conjecture: John Bray reports having proved that this group is also not a counterexample, thus completing a proof of the Hall–Paige conjecture.
Foza raimundi, a new genus and species of potamonautid freshwater crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Potamoidea) from northern Madagascar

ABSTRACT Foza raimundi, a new genus and species of freshwater crab from Antsiranana Province, northern Madagascar, is described from a high-altitude locality in the isolated Marojejy mountain range. The unusual combination of characters of the new species warrants the establishment of a new genus to accommodate this taxon. The new taxon is compared to the other species of freshwater crabs occurring in Madagascar. The Malagasy freshwater crabs belong to the Potamonautidae, a family found exclusively in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region. The new taxon is endemic to Madagascar, as are the other six genera and 12 species of freshwater crabs found there.
Role of silicon in diatom metabolism IX. Differential synthesis of DNA polymerases and DNA-binding proteins during silicate starvation and recovery in Cylindrotheca fusiformis

Abstract During recovery from silicate-starvation, a period of active DNA synthesis, synchronized cells of Cylindrotheca fusiformis incorporated 3 times more l -[U-14C]aspartate than did starved cells. Of the diatom's four DNA polymerases, A and D are synthesized during silicate recovery, indicating that they are involved in silicate-dependent DNA replication. Polymerase B, and the chloroplast enzyme, polymerase C, are synthesized during silicate-starvation and their levels are unaffected by the addition of silicate. DEAE-Sephadex analysis of the DNA-binding proteins, labeled with [14C]- and [3H]aspartate, shows that only three proteins are synthesized in cells recovering from silicate-starvation. Two of these proteins correspond to polymerases A and D, while the function of the third protein is not known. At least 15 other proteins are present in silicate-starved cells and their synthesis is repressed upon the addition of silicate. Models are proposed which describe the modes by which silicate might regulate DNA synthesis in the diatom.
What were they thinking

This paper describes GraphPad, a web-based software tool designed not only to help an instructor of a CS2 or CS7 (data structures) course deliver content and assess student performance, but also to provide an instructor with the unique ability to observe and understand how students solve problems by replaying the students' solutions. GraphPad works with Tablet PCs or PCs with attached WACOM tablets. We describe how GraphPad enables an instructor to: establish a temporary network with the instructor's Tablet as server and the students' Tablets as clients, broadcast instructions and collect student Ink responses, evaluate student submissions and distribute evaluations with a single button-click, use student submissions as examples to guide lecture, and save student submissions in a database. The saved submissions may be replayed and reviewed individually, tagged for errors, and analyzed statistically. We are currently using GraphPad almost daily in a data structures course. A long term goal is to analyze data collected by GraphPad to help understand the thought process of computer science students for the purpose of identifying students at risk early in order to provide intervention assistance.
Structural analysis: a theory of personality based on projective techniques.

Summary A new theory, Structural Analysis, is presented which postulates that personality is mediated through two hypothetical structures, the Facade Self and the Introspective Self. Implications for understanding personality dynamics and psychopthology were discussed. Applications of the theory to the interpretation and integration of projective test data were considered.
C-MYB TRANS-ACTIVATES THE HUMAN DNA TOPOISOMERASE IIALPHA GENE PROMOTER

DNA topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) is an essential proliferation-dependent nuclear enzyme which has been exploited as an anti-tumor drug target. Since the proliferative status of human leukemia cells is associated with expression of the c-myb proto-oncogene, c-Myb was investigated as a trans-activator of the topo IIα gene. Using topo IIα promoter-luciferase reporter plasmids, c-myb expression caused trans-activation of the topo IIα promoter a maximum of ∼4.5-fold over basal levels in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Trans-activation was submaximal with higher levels of c-myb expression plasmid but a Myb protein lacking its negative regulatory domain resulted in ∼19-fold trans-activation. Mutagenesis and 5′-deletion studies revealed that Myb trans-activation was mediated via a Myb-binding site at positions −16 to −11 and that this region governed the bulk of basal topo IIα promoter activity in human leukemia cells. Trans-activation of topo IIα by c-Myb was lymphoid- or myeloid-dependent. However, B-Myb, a more widely-expressed Myb family member, caused topo IIα trans-activation in both HL-60 cells and HeLa epithelial cervical carcinoma cells. These data provide evidence for a new Myb-responsive gene which is directly linked to and required for cellular proliferation.
Model Villages and Village Realities

This article is a partial exploration of the relevance and usefulness of "models" for rural development in China. Dating back to the days of the Border Regions and guerrilla bases of the 1930s, the Chinese Communist Party has publicized the advanced (xianjin) and the model (mofan) units, rewarding them symbolically and materially, and holding them up for study and emulation. Sometimes these designations are awarded to individuals, sometimes to entire work units, that is, factories and industrial enterprises, agricultural teams (shengchandui), brigades (da dui), or entire communes. There have been widespread longterm national campaigns centered on models: for example, the Lei Feng campaigns that have surfaced periodically over the past three decades, glorifying an ordinary soldier who embodies the virtues of hard work, thrift, consideration for others, dedication to the Party and the Motherland, and self-sacrifice. Or there was the two-decade-long campaign to "learn from Dazhai," singling out a poor mountain village that reportedly followed the path of self-reliance. Using collective effort and sacrifice to transform the natural environment, laboriously building terraces and irriga-
Isolation of Rat Adrenocortical Mitochondria

This report describes a relatively simple and reliable method for isolating adrenocortical mitochondria from rats in good, reasonably pure yield. These organelles, which heretofore have been unobtainable in isolated form from small laboratory animals, are now readily accessible. A high degree of mitochondrial purity is shown by the electron micrographs, as well as the structural integrity of each mitochondrion. That these organelles have retained their functional integrity is shown by their high respiratory control ratios. In general, the biochemical performance of these adrenal cortical mitochondria closely mirrors that of typical hepatic or cardiac mitochondria.
An epoxidation approach to a chiral lactone : Application of the shi epoxidation

The large-scale epoxidation of the alkene 7 with the organocatalyst, Epoxone (10), and Oxone as the oxidant is described. This is the first large-scale application of the Shi epoxidation methodology. The large-scale preparation of the catalyst 10 is also described. The potassium salt of the unsaturated acid precursor 7 was prepared by a Suzuki coupling from 3-fluorobenzyl chloride and the vinylborane 8 derived from 4-pentynoic acid.