cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transport through quantum dots: An introduction via master equation simulations

In this work, we present a master equation approach to simulating DC transport through single electron transistors and quantum dots suitable for an upper-division undergraduate computational physics project. After introducing the basic theory describing transport through quantum dots, we present a simulation of the simple case of a metallic dot including effects due to the finite temperature of the leads. Building on this example, we simulate published data with orbital and spin states. We envision students building on these simulations to replicate other data in the published literature. Projects of this type would be suitable for an undergraduate independent study or computational project and will give students a strong introduction to the topic of transport through quantum dots without the need for expensive cryogenic and electrical measurement systems or device fabrication necessary for experimental work.
The Impact of Life Domains on Developmental Trajectories of Peer Delinquency among Korean Adolescents: A Partial Test of Agnew's General Theory of Crime and Delinquency with a Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach.

Agnew introduced a new integrated theory; the General Theory of Crime and Delinquency, in which he attempted to corral the most influential predictors of criminal behavior into more parsimonious pr...
Application of ultrasound in regeneration of silica gel for industrial gas drying processes

Industrial gas dehumidification contributes to a considerable portion of the total industrial energy consumption. Depending on the desired level of dryness, solid desiccants can be a more suitable ...
Mechanisms of memory impairment in animal models of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract Mechanisms underlying memory and cognitive dysfunction following spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage are diverse. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a contemporary review of the commonly reported mechanisms responsible for memory impairment following nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for pre-clinical studies, and results were reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Methodological quality assessment was performed according to the SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. Ninety studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of animal studies reported on subarachnoid hemorrhage (48%), followed by intraparenchymal hemorrhage (44%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (8%). Most of subarachnoid hemorrhage studies (30%) reported neuronal apoptosis as a mechanism for memory dysfunction, whereas the most commonly described mechanism following intraparenchymal hemorrhage (40%) and intraventricular hemorrhage (23%) was a proinflammatory response. Based on SYRCLE's Risk of Bias assessment, the average methodological risk of bias of all studies was 56.83 ± 12.77% on a 0–100% scale. There is a great need not only for more preclinical studies with improved methodology, but also for studies reporting negative treatment effects and for multicenter animal studies. In vivo studies on non-rodent animal ICH models can also be helpful.
Determination of all imaginary quadratic fields for which their Hilbert 2-class fields have 2-class groups of rank 2

Abstract We determine those imaginary quadratic number fields whose 2-class groups have rank 3 and 4-rank ≤2 and such that the 2-class groups of their Hilbert 2-class fields have rank 2. This result, along with previous work, gives a complete determination of all complex quadratic number fields for which the 2-class groups of their 2-class fields have rank at most 2.
PTEN regulates DNA replication progression and stalled fork recovery

Faithful DNA replication is a cornerstone of genomic integrity. PTEN plays multiple roles in genome protection and tumour suppression. Here we report on the importance of PTEN in DNA replication. PTEN depletion leads to impairment of replication progression and stalled fork recovery, indicating an elevation of endogenous replication stress. Exogenous replication inhibition aggravates replication-originated DNA lesions without inducing S phase arrest in cells lacking PTEN, representing replication stress tolerance. iPOND analysis reveals the physical association of PTEN with DNA replication forks and PTEN-dependent recruitment of Rad51. PTEN deletion results in Rad51 dissociation from replication forks. Stalled replication forks in Pten-null cells can be reactivated by ectopic Rad51 or PTEN, the latter facilitating chromatin loading of Rad51. These data highlight the interplay of PTEN with Rad51 in promoting stalled fork restart. We propose that loss of PTEN may initiate a replication stress cascade that progressively deteriorates through the cell cycle.
Polynomial-­time Matrix-­Based Method of Determining Subset Sum Solutions

The subset sum problem is a well-known member of the NP- complete complexity class: given a set of integers A and some constant c, is there some subset of A which sums to c? There have been no known algorithms or methods to solve the value-unbounded, general-case subset sum problem in polynomial time. A naive algorithm performs in exponential time by cycling through the possible subsets of A until it has either seen all subsets or found one that sums to c. A common pseudo-polynomial algorithm employs a dynamic programming method whose complexity is polynomial with respect to the length of the set and the range of the inputs,O(n(M-N)), where n is the length of the set and M-N is the range of inputs; however, this solution is not truly polynomial, as it is polynomial with respect to M-N, which is exponential in its number of bits. Approximate algorithms exist which can be modified to find exact solutions; however, they too degrade to being exponential in the number of bits required to represent elements in the set. In contrast to pre-existing algorithms, the method described here does not concern itself with the various subsets that exist within the input set, but rather searches the solution space of a set of linear constraints when applied to an input set to deduce if a solution can exist; this method is a strategy which may be employed to find solutions satisfying the constraints of the subset sum problem in time polynomial with respect only to the length of the input, having general- case applicability on the basis of universally occurring properties in sets satisfying the problem.
Diagnosis and treatment: current indications and results of fetal transfusions.

The best candidate for a fetal transfusion is from 28 to 32 weeks of estimated gestational age, has a high Zone II or low Zone III ΔO.D. 450 (rising or not decreasing on successive amniocenteses), and does not have hydrops fetalis. If carried out by an experienced team, this procedure has a low risk for the mother, about a 5% mortality for the fetus, and appears to decrease the perinatal mortality rate from erythroblastosis fetalis by about 50%. The future usefulness of fetal transfusions, however, appears quite limited since the introduction of hyperimmune Rh gamma-globulin.13 They may one day be of only historic interest. But, they have demonstrated that fetal diagnosis and treatment are not beyond reason. This may well be a major contribution to pediatrics.
Carboxypeptidase from yeast. Large scale preparation and the application to COOH-terminal analysis of peptides and proteins.

Abstract In order to render the carboxypeptidase from yeast more readily available for use in sequence studies in protein chemistry, the procedure of Hata, Hayashi, and associates for the preparation of the enzyme has been adapted to a larger scale through cooperation with the New England Enzyme Center. From 100 pounds of bakers' yeast, the yield was about 1.4 g of the chromatographically purified, electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme, free of other proteinase activity. The carboxypeptidase from the yeast of different manufacture has properties corresponding very closely to those observed initially by Hayashi and Hata; the glycoprotein has a molecular weight of about 61,000, has a nitrogen content of 12.74%, yields 15.1 g of hexose per 100 g, and consists of a single polypeptide chain of 442 residues with 16 residues of glucosamine in the carbohydrate moiety. Lysine is at the NH2 terminus and -Asp-Ser-Thr-Leu is the COOH-terminal sequence. The broad carboxypeptidase activity at pH 5, which includes the liberation of proline, has been tested with the present preparation on glucagon, the B chain of insulin, and reduced and carboxymethylated pancreatic ribonuclease. The amino acids in these sequences released most slowly were glycine and aspartic acid. The carboxypeptidase retains activity in 6 m urea and can be used for the study of proteins that may have inaccessible COOH termini in the usual aqueous solution; native pancreatic ribonuclease is one example.
History of the work camp as a method of treating delinquents.

In considering the use of the Work Camp as an instrument in the treatment of delinquency, close attention must be given to the diagnosis of individual work campers, procedures for organizing the environment, and direct therapeutic techniques. These papers outline in detail the latest thinking of specialists from the several mental health disciplines regarding the types of delinquents most amenable to “Work Camp treatment,” the activities and administrative devices most likely to create a rehabilitative climate, the role of individual counseling in the Work Camp, “work” itself as a therapeutic medium, and possible extensions of the Work Camp idea into new settings.
Asymptotics of the partial sums of a set of integral transforms

In this paper, we explore the asymptotic distribution of the zeros of the partial sums of the family of entire functions of order 1 and type 1, defined by G(μ,α,βz)=∫0 1μ(t)t α−1× (1−t)β−1e zt dt, where Re α,Re β>0, μ is Riemann-integrable on [0,1], continuous at t=0, 1 and satisfies μ(0)μ(1)≠0.
The Effect of Valine Deficiency on Neutral Amino Acid Patterns in Plasma and Brain of the Rat

Valine deficiency in rats produced motor incoordination attributable to selective damage to the red nuclei, midbrain structures that modulate motor activity. Neither incoordination nor red nuclei damage occurs in rats deprived of valine, isoleucine and leucine, thus suggesting that valine neurotoxicity results from amino acid imbalance rather than from lack of valine per se. To explore this possibility, we compared neutral amino acid patterns in plasma and brain of rats fed for 7 days a complete diet fed ad libitum or pair-fed, a valine-free diet or a diet lacking in all three essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Statistical evaluation showed that plasma valine in valine-deprived rats was lower (P less than 0.01) than in pair-fed and ad libitum-fed controls but did not differ from rats lacking BCAA. Brain valine in valine-deprived rats did not differ from ad libitum-fed controls and actually was higher (P less than 0.01) than in pair-fed and BCAA-deprived rats. The most striking changes seen in the amino acid pattern of valine-deprived rats as compared to all other groups were in the increased leucine:valine ratio (P less than 0.01 for plasma and brain) and in the increased leucine + isoleucine:valine ratio (P less than 0.01 plasma; P less than 0.001, brain). These results are consistent with the view that amino acid imbalance is a critical factor in the development of the neurotoxicity of valine deficiency.
Charting a Course toward an Understanding of Schizophrenia

Clinical studies suggest a correlation between sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, though the neurobiological basis of this association is unclear. In this issue of Neuron, a new study by Phillips et al. (2012) describes deficits in the neural oscillations underlying sleep in a neurodevelopmental model of the disorder.
WWW-based collaborative simulation

The emergence of the World Wide Web (WWW) as a universal medium of information exchange provides new opportunities for those involved in the modeling and simulation fields. While technologies such as distributed interactive simulation (DIS) and high level architecture (HLA) have provided mechanisms which allow simulations to interact, WWW technology will allow the users of these simulations to interact. This research project is investigating mechanisms that will provide the ability for multiple users to perform analyses on spatial data in a collaborative, distributed environment. These mechanisms will be capable of displaying static spatial data, as well as real time information from data feeds and the output of models and simulations. Such a system will not only allow analysts at the same location to work together, but it will also allow others to work on the project from remote locations via the Internet.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Radiometric quantitation of Δ4-3-ketosteroid-5α-oxidoreductase utilizing high performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A reliable isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the separation and subsequent radiometric quantitation of Δ 4 -3-ketosteroid-5α-oxidoreductase enzyme activity. The specificity of this HPLC procedure has been confirmed through the use of authentic androgen radioisotopes, linearity of detector response, and mass spectral analysis. In conjunction with this we have also developed a simple Sep-Pak sample preparation procedure which allows the uniform complete isolation of these androgens from epididymal tissue homogenates. Utilizing these procedures we have determined the regional distribution of 5 α - reductase in the epididymis of the CD-1 mouse. Regional differences in enzyme activity were found between the caput-corpus and cauda regions. Enzyme activity (specific activity) was higher in the caput-corpus region (28.98 pmol 5 α - reduced androgens formed/h/mg protein) than the cauda region (6.20 pmol 5 α-reduced androgens formed/h/mg protein).
Protein synthesis during early adult and second pupal development in the silkmoth, Antheraea polyphemus

Abstract Experiments were performed to measure protein synthesis in wing epidermal cells during early pharate adult and second pupal development. The period for juvenile hormone (JH) determination of second pupal wings occurred between 18 and 24 hr after injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) plus JH. Between 12 and 24 hr, [ 35 S]-methionine incorporation remained relatively constant in pupae that had received exogenous hormones (either 20-HE alone or 20-HE and JH) and there was no significant difference between these groups. For 12–48 hr after hormone injection, no variation in banding patterns specific to a particular hormone treatment were evident by one-dimensional electrophoresis, despite dramatic changes in protein content at this time. At 3–6 days, differentiation specific protein bands were detected. Two dimensional electrophoresis was then used to examine more closely specific proteins synthesized during the 18–24 period, when developmental reprogramming occurred. At 24 hr, the synthesis of two clusters of proteins and a single protein were detected in samples from 20-HE treated animals but were not detected in samples from animals injected with 20-HE plus JH. No JH-specific proteins were detected. The adult specific proteins may be the product of events concerning the mechanisms of adult commitment.
The president abroad: Leadership at the international level

Abstract The article explores the president as an agent of change in world politics, both during and after the Cold War. It is argued that although leadership at the international level is a two step process involving support at home as well as abroad, executives who marshall the range of resources at their disposal are in a relatively good position to exercise power and influence. Indeed, of the presidents since Kennedy more than half have been able to realize their most important foreign policy goals. This record of success suggests that in fact world leadership may actually be easier than domestic leadership—or, at least, that Americans elect presidents who perform better abroad than they do at home.
Relative performance of clustering-based neural network and statistical pattern recognition models for nondestructive damage detection

The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast the capabilities of neural networks and statistical pattern recognition to localize damage in three-dimensional structures. A theory of damage localization, which yields information on the location of the damage directly from changes in mode shapes, is formulated. Next, the application of statistical pattern recognition and neural networks for nondestructive damage detection (NDD) is established. Expressions for classification using linear discriminant functions and a two-stage supervised clustering-based neural network are generated. Damage localization is applied to a finite-element model (FEM) of a structure which contains simulated damage at various locations. A set of criteria for comparing and contrasting statistical pattern recognition and neural network models is then established. Finally, the evaluation of the two models is carried out using the established criteria.
Methionine Metabolism in the Laying Hen 1. EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE DIETARY PROTEIN OR TRYPTOPHAN LEVEL ON DEPOSITION OF S35 IN THE EGG

Abstract ALTHOUGH the studies on the chemical composition and nutritive value of egg proteins have been voluminous, comparatively few reports have been concerned with the formation of egg proteins. This subject has been reviewed by Jukes and Kay (1932) and Conrad and Scott (1938). Data on the dietary requirements for amino acids for egg production are also meager. It was thought that a study of the fate of radioactive labeled amino acids in the laying hen would aid in the elucidation of the mechanism of egg protein formation and possibly provide a basis for a new approach to the determination of amino acid requirements. In the experiments reported here, the uptake of S35 in the egg after administration of S35-labeled methionine was determined. In addition, the effect of reducing the level of protein or tryptophan in the diet on subsequent S35-deposition in the egg albumen was studied. EXPERIMENTAL Four Rhode Island …
Antiangiogenic agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in clinical development.

There is ample therapeutic opportunity for the use of antiangiogenic inhibitors in the clinic, as there are several human diseases that are dependent upon angiogenesis [1]. However, no disease has attracted as much attention as a target for antiangiogenic therapy as malignant disorders. There is a vast amount of literature acting as proof-of-principle for the use of angiogenic inhibitors as effective agents for blocking tumour-induced angiogenesis and subverting tumour growth and disease dissemination. One of the unique attractions of targeting tumour angiogenesis is that vascular endothelial cells are a genetically stable population in which acquisition of therapeutic resistance might be less efficient than in genetically unstable tumour cells [2,3]. This review covers inhibitors that target the tumour angiogenic agent vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors as one such antiangiogenic approach. Many agents in this class are in clinical trials with limited reports of toxicity and some early e...
On the Differences in Composition between Solar Energetic Particles and Solar Wind

Although the average composition of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the bulk solar wind are similar in a number of ways, there are key differences which imply that solar wind is not the principal seed population for SEPs accelerated by coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shocks. This paper reviews these composition differences and considers the composition of other possible seed populations, including coronal material, impulsive flare material, and interplanetary CME material.
A system of computer-generated laboratory reports for clinical use

Abstract A hospital medical care system can usefully use many more reports than are usually output by laboratory information systems. Scheduled reports include: (1) current reports by ward, service, attending, and ad hoc groups; (2) cumulative reports; (3) laboratory records. Many other classes of reports are feasible in a computer-based system.
Co-fractionation of "nickase" with rat liver DNA polymerase.

Abstract DNA polymerase partially purified from rat liver nuclei or ribosomes contains alkaline endonuclease that produces single strand breaks (nicks) in rat liver nuclear DNA. The nuclease activity is specific for DNA and is active with both native and denatured DNA as substrates. The endonuclease has maximal activity in the presence of 15 mM Mg 2+ at pH 9.0, but is inactive in the presence of Ca 2+ at concentrations that also inactivate the DNA polymerase. The 3′-OH primer ends produced by the endonuclease may account, in part, for the native DNA primer preference of the polymerase observed in vitro .
Cellulase kinetics as a function of cellulose pretreatment.

Abstract Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) was subjected to three different pretreatments (acid, alkaline, and organosolv) before exposure to a mixture of cellulases (Celluclast). Addition of β-glucosidase, to avoid the well-known inhibition of cellulase by cellobiose, markedly accelerated cellulose hydrolysis up to a ratio of activity units (β-glucosidase/cellulase) of 20. All pretreatment protocols of Avicel were found to slightly increase its degree of crystallinity in comparison with the untreated control. Adsorption of both cellulase and β-glucosidase on cellulose is significant and also strongly depends on the wall material of the reactor. The conversion–time behavior of all four states of Avicel was found to be very similar. Jamming of adjacent cellulase enzymes when adsorbed on microcrystalline cellulose surface is evident at higher concentrations of enzyme, beyond 400 U/L cellulase/8 kU/L β-glucosidase. Jamming explains the observed and well-known dramatically slowing rate of cellulose hydrolysis at high degrees of conversion. In contrast to the enzyme concentration, neither the method of pretreatment nor the presence or absence of presumed fractal kinetics has an effect on the calculated jamming parameter for cellulose hydrolysis.
Use of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus)

Deux experiences de 12 semaines ont ete conduites sur l'alimentation en aquarium de juveniles d'Ictalurus furcatus. Dans la premiere experience des juveniles (6 g) ont ete nourris de 25% d'aliments azotes (34% de proteines), regime isocalorique (2,4 kcal/g) contenant respectivement 13, 9, 4 et 0% de poisson menhaden (clupeide). Le soja a ete ajoute avec des pourcentages croissants (48, 55, 62 et 69 %) a ces regimes respectifs. Les poissons ont ete nourris 2 fois par jour (a 8 h et 16 h), les aliments ont ete totalement consommes en 40 minutes. Apres 12 semaines, les poissons nourris a base d'un regime a 13% de poisson, avaient un poids vif significativement plus eleve que les poissons nourris avec les autres regimes. Il n'y avait pas de difference significative au niveau du poids pour les poissons nourris avec les quatre autres regimes alimentaires. Aucune difference significative n'a ete observee dnas le taux de pourcentage de survie, de conversion alimentaire et d'efficacite en proteines, entre les differents traitements. Dans la deuxieme experience, les poissons-chats (9 g) ont ete nourris de 1/5 d'aliments azotes (35 % de proteines et regime isocalorique) (2,5 kcal/g). Le premier regime contenait 15% de poisson menhaden et 42% de soja. Les regimes 2 a 5 contenaient 0% d'aliments a base de poisson et 69% de soja avec differents pourcentages de L-methionine (0,03 ; 0,06 et 0,09 %). Les poissons ont ete nourris comme dans la premiere experience. Apres 12 semaines, le poids individuel, le gain en poids, le taux de survie, le taux de croissance specifique et le taux de conversion alimentaire n'etaient pas significativement differents entre les traitements et etaient en moyenne de 36 g, 302%, 100%, 1,6%/jour et 2,4 respectivement. Les compositions corporelles des poissons n'etaient pas significativement differentes entre les traitements et etaient en moyenne de 75, 61 et 27% pour le pourcentage d'humidite, de proteines et de graisses respectivement. Ces donnees indiquent que le soja peut remplacer totalement l'aliment a base de poisson pour le poisson-chat sans ajout supplementaire de L-methionine. Ceci permettrait aux producteurs d'utiliser un aliment plus economique sans effets contraires sur la croissance et le taux de survie.
Structural details of cockroach giant axons revealed by injected dye

Abstract 1. 1. A u.v. fluorescent dye iontophoretically injected into giant interneurons in the cockroach abdomen made visible structural details of physiological interest. 2. 2. At least two giants arise from single somata in the last abdominal ganglion. 3. 3. At least three ventral giants run through the metathoracic ganglion without interruption. 4. 4. Extensive dendritic branching from axonal enlargements was observed near endings of cereal nerve fibers. 5. 5. A different dendritic pattern, presumably presynaptic, was observed in the abdominal and metathoracic ganglia.
Propylene polymerization with 1,2'-bridged bis(indenyl)zirconium dichlorides

A series of C1 symmetric, 1,2‘-bridged bis(indenyl)zirconium dichlorides were prepared to study the effect of ligand substitution, symmetry, and bridge identity on the stereoselectivity of propylene polymerization. Unsubstituted [1-(1-indenyl)-2-(2-indenyl)ethane]zirconium dichloride, Et(2-Ind)(1-Ind)ZrCl2 (1), was synthesized, and its propylene polymerization behavior was compared to three 2-phenyl-substituted complexes with different bridges: [2-(2-indenyl)-1-(2-phenyl-1-indenyl)ethane]zirconium dichloride, Et(2-Ind)(2-Ph-1-Ind)ZrCl2 (2), [(2-indenyl)-(2-phenyl-1-indenyl)dimethylsilyl] zirconium dichloride, Me2Si(2-Ind)(2-Ph-1-Ind)ZrCl2 (3), and [(2-indenyl)-(2-phenyl-1-indenyl)methane]zirconium dichloride, CH2(2-Ind)(2-Ph-1-Ind)ZrCl2 (4). The polymerization activity, polypropylene molecular weight, and microstructure were dependent upon the identity of the bridge and the substitution patterns on the metallocenes. Metallocenes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are characterized by a gauche orientation of the indenyl liga...
In defense of "geopolitical remote sensing": reply to Moisio and Harle

The author of a recently published paper on Finland's identity politics and national identity (Antonsich, 2005) responds to comments presented in the preceding paper in this issue of Eurasian Geography and Economics (Moisio and Harle, 2006). The rejoinder focuses on the nature of place knowledge acquired "in place" versus "at distance" as well as on more specific differences in perspective (e.g., use of sources, terminology, critical geopolitcs). Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O52, Z13, 14 references.
Recurrent thromboembolic events after ischemic stroke in patients with cancer

Objective: To determine the cumulative rate and characteristics of recurrent thromboembolic events after acute ischemic stroke in patients with cancer. Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive adult patients with active systemic cancer diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke at a tertiary-care cancer center from 2005 through 2009. Two neurologists independently reviewed all electronic records to ascertain the composite outcome of recurrent ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, systemic embolism, TIA, or venous thromboembolism. Kaplan-Meier statistics were used to determine cumulative outcome rates. In exploratory analyses, Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to evaluate potential independent associations between a priori selected clinical factors and recurrent thromboembolic events. Results: Among 263 study patients, complete follow-up until death was available in 230 (87%). Most patients had an adenocarcinoma as their underlying cancer (60%) and had systemic metastases (69%). Despite a median survival of 84 days (interquartile range 24–419 days), 90 patients (34%; 95% confidence interval 28%–40%) had 117 recurrent thromboembolic events, consisting of 57 cases of venous thromboembolism, 36 recurrent ischemic strokes, 13 myocardial infarctions, 10 cases of systemic embolism, and one TIA. Kaplan-Meier rates of recurrent thromboembolism were 21%, 31%, and 37% at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively; cumulative rates of recurrent ischemic stroke were 7%, 13%, and 16%. Adenocarcinoma histology (hazard ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.02–2.68) was independently associated with recurrent thromboembolism. Conclusions: Patients with acute ischemic stroke in the setting of active cancer (especially adenocarcinoma) face a substantial short-term risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and other types of thromboembolism.
Translational thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

While protein synthesis is rapidly inactivated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cells shifted from log growth at 30°C to 43°C, a 1-h 37°C treatment given to cells just prior to the shift to 43°C partially blocks this inactivation. By contrast, such a pre-heat shock treament has no protective effect on translational inactivation at 45°C or higher. Cells allowed to approach stationary phase not only develop an enhanced thermotolerance relative to log cells but also exhibit a pronounced resistance to inactivation of protein synthesis at 43°C as well as at 45°C. We have found that this ‘translational thermotolerance’ can also be induced in S. cerevisiae by briefly treating log phase cells at 30°C with cycloheximide. Using such a procedure to induce stabilization of protein synthesis at 43°C, we have been able to show that heat shock-induced proteins are not responsible for the establishment of this protective effect. This work shows that enhanced thermotolerance can be induced in log cells even after a shift to 43°C, as long as a prior translational thermotolerance has been established. Futhermore, we show that the capacity of plateau cells to maintain translation at 43°C contributes significantly to their state of enhanced thermotolerance.
A system for parallel media processing

Abstract We describe a parallel computer system for processing media: audio,video, and graphics, among others. The system supports medium to coarse grain parallelism, using a dataflow model of execution, on a range of machine architectures scaling from a single von Neumann or general purpose processor (GPP) up to networks of several hundred heterogeneous processors. A distributed resource manager, extending or subsuming the functionality of a traditional operating system, is an integral and necessary part of the system. While we are building a system for processing a variety of media, in this paper we concentrate on video because it provides an extreme case in terms of both data rates and available parallelism.
Looking Beyond “Affordable” Health Care: Cultural Understanding and Sensitivity—Necessities in Addressing the Health Care Disparities of the U.S. Hispanic Population

Health disparities are pervasive in the United States; but among Hispanics, access to health care is encumbered by poverty, lack of insurance, legal status, and racial or minority status. Research has identified certain aspects of Hispanic culture, values, and traditions contributing to the nature of the Hispanic patient-doctor relationship and the quality of the health care service. Current educational efforts by nonprofit organizations, government, health professionals, and pharmaceutical manufacturers fail to address the needs for accessible and appropriately culture-sensitive information when approaching the diverse Hispanic community. Understanding Hispanics' consumptive practices and expectations surrounding medications is critical to the success of many treatment regimens. Recommendations are presented to address this health care issue.
Long-distance electron tunneling in proteins

Long-distance tunneling is the major mechanism of electron transfer (ET) in proteins. For a number of years, a major question has been whether specific electron tunneling pathways exist. This question is still debated in the literature, because the pathways are not observed directly, and interpretation of experimental results on ET rates involves ambiguities. The extremely small tunneling interactions are difficult to calculate accurately. Recently, there has been remarkable progress in the area; however, some problems still remain unresolved. The accurate prediction of the absolute rates of long-distance ET reactions and other biological charge-transfer reactions is a particularly pressing issue. The current theoretical calculations indicate that the specific paths do exist in static protein structures. However, the protein motions can result in significant averaging of the spatial tunneling patterns, and it is not clear how accurately subtle quantum interference effects are described by the present theories. The key to resolving these issues is to perform accurate, first-principles calculations of electron tunneling that include the dynamics of the protein. This paper reviews some of theoretical issues of electron tunneling dynamics in inhomogeneous organic media.
Cognitive elaboration: Basic research and clinical application

Abstract This article reviews two lines of research in social-clinical psychology demonstrating that a person's own elaborative thinking mediates cognitive, affective, and behavioral change. Research on attitude change has found that what kind of arguments a person generates in response to a message predicts whether subsequent attitudes and behavior will be more resistant or changed. When an unmotivated person generates no arguments, belief is based on cues such as therapist credibility. Analogue research supports the importance of argument strength over source credibility in promoting attitude and behavior change in therapy. Research on simulation has found that when a person imagines a scenario of how he or she might behave and why, expectancies about such behavior and its actual performance are increased. Analogue research supports the role of constructing scenarios in changing the behavior of persons with low self-esteem and of clients in counseling. A research agenda is provided for assessing cognitive elaboration as a mediator of long-term change in therapy, for evaluating various interventions which should promote it, and for matching interventions to the cognitive style of clients.
Effect of carbon nanotubes on the interfacial shear strength of T650 carbon fiber in an epoxy matrix

The interfacial shear strength of carbon nanotube coated carbon fibers in epoxy was studied using the single-fiber composite fragmentation test. The carbon fibers were coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the fiber surface using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The CVD process was adjusted to produce two CNT morphologies for the study: radially aligned and randomly oriented. The purpose of the CNT coating was to potentially produce a multifunctional structural composite. Results of the single-fiber fragmentation tests indicate an improvement in interfacial shear strength with the addition of a nanotube coating. This improvement can most likely be attributed to an increase in the interphase yield strength as well as an improvement in interfacial adhesion due to the presence of the nanotubes.
An Exploratory Analysis of Situational Affect, Early Life Stress, and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in College Students

Research and theory related to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) have highlighted the potential role for early traumatic experiences in subsequent enactment of NSSI behaviors. The present investigation explores the impact of trauma type and timing on both (a) reported NSSI as traditionally measured and (b) in vivo NSSI assessments. Findings supported an interaction between negative affect (NA) and cumulative trauma, such that individuals with high levels of cumulative life trauma evidenced greater in vivo NSSI severity following both high and low levels of in vivo NA. Nonlinear cusp models further supported the presence of an interaction of trauma, particularly trauma prior to 6 years of age, and pre-NSSI NA in the prediction of in vivo NSSI episode severity. The present findings extend a developing literature related to the effects of early life experiences on health behavior.
Homicide in Ireland

The homicide rate in Ireland is the lowest in Europe in the 1990's and has declined sharply during the 158 year period from 1837–1994. The rate has also remained stable in the 1980's and 1990's. These trends are contrary to the view held by the Irish public and the Irish and International media and raise questions about the reputation of the ‘'wild Irish'’ who emigrated to the U.S. and other countries in the 19th century.
Associations between Preschool Language and First Grade Reading Outcomes in Bilingual Children.

Abstract It is well established that monolingual preschoolers’ oral language development (vocabulary and oral comprehension) contributes to their later reading abilities; however, less is known about this relationship in bilingual populations where children are developing knowledge of two languages. It may be that children's abilities in one language do not contribute to their reading abilities in their other language or that children's experiences with either language assist them in developing a common underlying proficiency that they draw upon when learning to read. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among bilingual children's receptive language development and reading outcomes in first grade. Eighty-one bilingual children who were attending Head Start participated in the study. Growth curve models were used to examine the relationship between children's language abilities during two years in Head Start and reading outcomes at the end of first grade. Children's growth in both English and Spanish receptive vocabulary and oral comprehension predicted their English and Spanish reading abilities at the end of first grade within languages. Associations were also observed between languages with growth in English receptive language predicting Spanish reading comprehension and growth in Spanish receptive language predicting English reading comprehension. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to (1) describe the common underlying proficiency model; (2) identify key factors of consideration when studying bilingual children; (3) understand the associations between preschool language abilities in English and Spanish and English and Spanish reading outcomes; and (4) identify ways in which future clinical practice may be impacted by the study's findings.
Ensemble Properties of Comets in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present the ensemble properties of 31 comets (27 resolved and 4 unresolved) observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This sample of comets represents about 1 comet per 10 million SDSS photometric objects. Five-band (u, g, r, i, z) photometry is used to determine the comets colors, sizes, surface brightness profiles, and rates of dust production in terms of the Afp formalism. We find that the cumulative luminosity function for the Jupiter Family Comets in our sample is well fit by a power law of the form N(<H) {proportional_to} 10{sup (0.49{+-}0.05)H} for H < 18, with evidence of a much shallower fit N(<H) {proportional_to} 10{sup (0.19{+-}0.03)H} for the faint (14.5 < H < 18) comets. The resolved comets show an extremely narrow distribution of colors (0.57 {+-} 0.05 in g - r for example), which are statistically indistinguishable from that of the Jupiter Trojans. Further, there is no evidence of correlation between color and physical, dynamical, or observational parameters for the observed comets.
The treatment of the hepatorenal syndrome with intra-renal administration of prostaglandin E1

Three patients with the hepatorenal syndrome were treated with prostaglandin E1 administered through a selective renal arterial catheter. Prostaglandin E1 was given in progressively increasing doses (2 to 100 ng/kg/min) over a 60-minute period. Control plasma prostaglandin E levels were elevated in all three patients, 0.98, 0.91, and 0.83 ng/ml, respectively. At the end of the infusion, plasma prostaglandin E levels had risen to 10.4, 2.63, and 10.3 ng/ml in the three patients respectively. Plasma renin activity increased during the course of the infusion in two of the patients. The plasma aldosterone concentration did not change during the prostaglandin E1 infusion. Intrarenal prostaglandin E1 failed to increase urine volume or urinary sodium concentration in three patients with the hepatorenal syndrome.
Reminiscences About the Founding of SPSSI

Widespread unemployment in the United States and the rise of fascism in Europe provided a stimulus for young social psychologists to form a support group within which ideas could be exchanged, and which would also try to protect academic freedom and opportunities to do research on social movements and institutions. The experiences of the SPSSI Committee on Peace and War are used to document the thesis that social psychologists bring their attitudes and value systems into such studies.
Universal Student Computer Access — Requiring Engineering Students to Own Computers

In 1992 only four engineering programs required student ownership of computers. Today that number is 14. However, a recent survey of United States engineering deans indicates in the next three years over 100 engineering programs may require student computer ownership in some form. Most faculty and administrators recognize that student computer ownership is simply the next step in the continuum of calculational power in engineering curricula having evolved from simple pencil and paper, then to slide rule, hand held calculators, and now computers. Everyone agrees that those who hire our graduates expect them to be fully comfortable and competent with the enhanced computational capabilities, modeling, simulation, word processing, spread sheeting, and other hardware and software tools available. However, the more exciting reason for ownership, and one that holds the greatest promise of drastically changing the teaching/learning enterprise, is that proper application of information technologies will permit us to change how students learn and to improve how faculty and student time is utilized.
Classical symmetries of a closed bosonic 3-brane

Abstract The classical symmetries of a membrane whose manifold is a three-sphere are obtained. The structure constants of the infinite-dimensional Lie algebra are calculated and some interesting subalgebras displayed.
Autoradiographic localization of opiate receptors in rat brain. II. The brain stem.

Summary The distribution of opiate receptors, determined by the autoradiographic localization of stereospecific [ 3 H]diprenorphine binding sites, was studied in the brain stem. Areas showing very dense or dense localizations of receptors included the parabrachial nuclei, the superior colliculus, the ventral median raphe nucleus, components of the accessory optic system, portions of the habenulo-interpenduncular complex, the pretectal nuclei and the ventral lateral geniculate, the infundibulum and the medial thalamus. Moderate grain densities were found in broad areas of the upper medulla, midbrain and diencephalon. The significance of these findings are discussed in terms of pain mechanisms, association of some receptors with small diameter axons, pupillary reflexes, hormonal control, and effects of opiates on neurotransmitter systems.
Auditor Disciplinary Orders

The authors of this article look at recent disciplinary actions against auditors—summarizing key cases and lessons learned for the auditing profession. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of Unknown Concentrations of Sodium Acetate Using the Method of Standard Addition and Proton NMR: An Experiment for the Undergraduate Analytical Chemistry Laboratory

In this experiment, students learn how to find the unknown concentration of sodium acetate using both the graphical treatment of standard addition and the standard addition equation. In the graphic...
Variational sensitivity analysis and design optimization

Variational method (VM) is employed to derive the co-state equations, boundary (transversality) conditions, and functional sensitivity derivatives. The converged solutions of the state equations together with the steady state solution of the co-state equations are integrated along the domain boundary to uniquely determine the functional sensitivity derivatives with respect to the design function. The application of the variational method to aerodynamic shape optimization problems is demonstrated on internal flow problems at supersonic Mach number range of 1.5. Optimization results for flows with and without shock phenomena are presented. The study shows that while maintaining the accuracy of aerodynamical objective function and constraint within the reasonable range for engineering prediction purposes, variational method provides a substantial gain in computational efficiency, i.e., computer time and memory, when compared with the finite difference computations.
Measurement of corneal sublayer thickness and transparency in transgenic mice with altered corneal clarity using in vivo confocal microscopy

Measurement of sublayer thickness and transparency at cellular level in the living animal are critical to understanding the role of specific transgenes and transgene products in controlling corneal development and maintenance of transparency. Using two different transgenic mouse strains having altered corneal clarity, we have evaluated the ability of in vivo confocal microscopy to measure corneal haze and localize light scattering structures. Projection of 2-D and 3-D image information identified the nature and location of light scattering within the cornea and allowed correlation of unique structural differences to transgene expression. Our findings suggest that in vivo confocal microscopy can be used to identify the effects of transgene expression on mouse corneal transparency.
Validation of noninvasive studies for detecting coronary artery disease: Beauty versus blood flow

Twenty years of physiologic testing of the coronary circulation in humans has brought about improvements in technology and a better understanding of the regulation of coronary blood flow in disease. The development of methods for measuring coronary artery blood flow have allowed direct assessments of the effect of stenotic lesions and microvascular disease on coronary blood flow in conscious human beings. They also have allowed direct determination of the effects of several drugs on coronary blood flow. These studies demonstrate that adenosine, dipyridamole, and papaverine produce maximal coronary artery dilation and that intravenously administered dipyridamole and adenosine cause maximal coronary dilation (although the effects of adenosine are substantially shorter).
Induction of glutathione S-aryl transferase by phenobarbital in the house fly

Abstract Induction of glutathione S -aryl transferase by phenobarbital was studied with three stains of house flies which differed in basal levels of the enzyme. The enzyme was shown to be inducible in two of the three strains tested and the amount of induction was inversely proportional to the basal level of enzyme activity. In dose-dependency tests, a high dose of phenobarbital, 10,000 ppm, was needed to cause significant levels of induction. In a time study, 48 hr was found to be the time at which the highest levels of induction occur. Similarities of this system to house fly microsomal oxidases are discussed.