cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variable Subject Expression in Old and Middle French Prose Texts: The Role of Verbal Ambiguity

This study analyzes the incidence of noun, pronoun, and null subjects with ambiguous, potentially ambiguous, and unambiguous verb forms in prose texts by Villehardouin, Froissart, and Commynes to test the role of verbal ambiguity in the rise of subject pronouns to obligatory status in French. The finding that a higher percentage of subject pronouns occurs with unambiguous verb forms than with ambiguous ones appears to refute the role of verbal ambiguity, yet a further test of the degree of ambiguity shows that subject pronouns occur at a higher rate when a higher degree of ambiguity is present in the verb paradigm. This could mean that the ambiguity present in the paradigm causes writers to increase the rate of subject pronouns for the entire paradigm regardless of the ambiguity of individual verb forms, or it could mean that another factor, such as verb tense, is at work. The fact that subject pronouns occur at a far lower rate with the passe simple (31%) than with four other tenses (62%-82%) suggests at...
Parity considerations in Andrews-Gordon identities

In 1974, Andrews discovered the generating function for the partitions of n considered in a theorem due to Gordon. In a more recent paper, he reconsidered this generating function and gave refinements where additional restrictions involving parities are imposed. A combinatorial construction for the partitions enumerated by the mentioned generating function is given. Some of the Andrews' refinements are proven combinatorially, and a conjecture of his is settled.
Patterns of labor force participation in the U.S.‐Mexico border region, 1970–1980

In recent years there have been significant changes in the patterns of labor force participation in the United States and Mexico. In both countries the labor force has increased faster than the total population, reflecting the changing age structure of the population as well as substantial increases in the labor market activity of women. A major difference between the two countries is that male participation in the labor force has risen in Mexico while declining in the U.S. In the United States-Mexico border region, many of the changes in labor force participation have been even more pronounced than in either nation as a whole. Labor force participation rates of women in particular have risen dramatically on both sides of the border. In addition, declines in military employment have had a significant impact on participation on the U.S. side of the border. The economic characteristics of the border regions of the two countries differ from those of the nations of which they are parts, a major source of distinction being the level of income. The U.S. border region has lower income than the U.S. average, but higher income than the Mexican border region. The latter area, in turn, is characterized by higher income than the Mexican average. These income differentials are undoubtedly related to differences in the supply and demand for labor. Labor force participation combines with wage rates and hours of work to determine the amount of a labor's income. In the following section, the border regions of the two countries are defined and the data sources are described. The second and third sections concern trends in labor force participation on both sides of the international boundary. In the fourth and fifth sections there is a discussion of the labor market activity of men and women along the border. The final section contains a summary and conclusions.
Instantons in QCD

The authors review the theory and phenomenology of instantons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). After a general overview, they provide a pedagogical introduction to semiclassical methods in quantum mechanics and field theory. The main part of the review summarizes our understanding of the instanton liquid in QCD and the role of instantons in generating the spectrum of light hadrons. The authors also discuss properties of instantons at finite temperature and how instantons can provide a mechanism for the chiral phase transition. They give an overview of the role of instantons in some other models, in particular low-dimensional sigma models, electroweak theory, and supersymmetric QCD.
Scale variation in a one-dimensional model of an atom interacting with a strong laser field

We discuss some of the consequences of scaling freedom in a one-dimensional atom model. We show that results already obtained with this model for a specified ionization energy and laser intensity can easily be reinterpreted for other ionization potentials and intensities. One example relevant to the experimental realizability of atom stabilization and wave function localization in strong fields is worked out explicitly.
Accuracy of decoupling approximations for rotational excitation: low-energy COHe collisions

Scattering calculations have been performed for low-energy collisions of CO with He using the 'effective potential' approximation of Rabitz (1972) and the 'coupled states' approximation of McGuire and Kouri (1973). These are compared with the accurate quantum close-coupling scattering results of Green and Thaddeus. All calculations employed a theoretical potential believed to represent accurately the true interaction. The effective potential method is found to be in qualitative agreement, and the coupled states method is found to be in semi-quantitative agreement, with close-coupling results for rotationally inelastic integral cross sections.
IL-10 engages macrophages to shift Th17 cytokine dependency and pathogenicity during T-cell-mediated colitis

Polymorphisms attenuating IL-10 signalling confer genetic risk for inflammatory bowel disease. Yet, how IL-10 prevents mucosal autoinflammation is incompletely understood. We demonstrate using lineage-specific deletions of IL-10Rα that IL-10 acts primarily through macrophages to limit colitis. Colitis depends on IL-6 to support pathologic Th17 cell generation in wild-type mice. However, specific ablation of macrophage IL-10Rα provokes excessive IL-1β production that overrides Th17 IL-6 dependency, amplifying the colonic Th17 response and disease severity. IL-10 not only inhibits pro-IL-1β production transcriptionally in macrophages, but suppresses caspase-1 activation and caspase-1-dependent maturation of pro-IL-1β to IL-1β. Therefore, lineage-specific effects of IL-10 skew the cytokine dependency of Th17 cell development required for colitis pathogenesis. Coordinated interventions may be needed to fully suppress Th17-mediated immunopathology.
Ultrastructural analysis of colonies growing in a human tumor cloning system.

Transmission electron microscopy studies have been utilized to demonstrate that cells growing in colonies in a soft agar human tumor cloning system have ultrastructural characteristics that correspond to the accepted ultrastructural markers for the parent tumors. These studies help confirm the malignant nature of the cells growing in soft agar.
RISK TAKING AS A FUNCTION OF SKILL AND CHANCE ORIENTATIONS

Whether a person believes the outcomes of his decisions are dependent upon skill or chance presumably influences the riskiness of his choices. 32 college students made a series of decisions while playing Jeopardy, a game which was perceived as requiring skill, and another series of decisions while playing a card game, the outcomes of which were believed to depend on chance. As expected, decisions made under a skill orientation were marked by (a) a higher mean level of risk and (b) a less variable pattern of risk than decisions made under a chance orientation. However, attempts to identify the process that mediated the relationship between skill-chance orientation and risk taking were unsuccessful.
Locally Non-Linear Learning for Statistical Machine Translation via Discretization and Structured Regularization

Linear models, which support efficient learning and inference, are the workhorses of statistical machine translation; however, linear decision rules are less attractive from a modeling perspective. In this work, we introduce a technique for learning arbitrary, rule-local, non-linear feature transforms that improve model expressivity, but do not sacrifice the efficient inference and learning associated with linear models. To demonstrate the value of our technique, we discard the customary log transform of lexical probabilities and drop the phrasal translation probability in favor of raw counts. We observe that our algorithm learns a variation of a log transform that leads to better translation quality compared to the explicit log transform. We conclude that non-linear responses play an important role in SMT, an observation that we hope will inform the efforts of feature engineers.
Incorporating simulation into a design environment

The author describes a methodology that provides a simulation capability for certain kinds of software environments. The required simulation functions are partitioned into a number of well-defined functional roles that represent basic units from which discrete event simulation programs can be constructed. A novel approach to constructing modeling environments is used. To insulate the users from many of the software integration details, the environment uses explicit knowledge of its own structure to support the user in selecting and adapting the system components. The knowledge is in the form of wrappings, which are expert interfaces to the programs, tools, and other resources in the environment. This approach is a simple and powerful mechanism for making many different kinds of resources available to work together in an integrated way. The author defines the functional roles in an existing set of discrete event simulation support functions and describes wrappings for them. He also shows how ordinary differential equation solvers fit into the same framework. >
School Nurses and Care Coordination for Children With Complex Needs: An Integrative Review

Health care for students with chronic needs can be complex and specialized, resulting in fragmentation, duplication, and inefficiencies. Students who miss school due to chronic conditions lose valuable educational exposure that contributes to academic success. As health-related disabilities increase in prevalence so does the need for the coordination of care within the school and between the school and service providing agencies. This integrative literature review provides a synthesis of published evidence identifying and describing the core concepts associated with the role of school nurses in providing care coordination/case management to students with complex needs. Six core essentials of nurse-provided care coordination were identified: collaboration, communication, care planning and the nursing process, continuous coordination, clinical expertise, and complementary components. Recommendations for improving care coordination were elucidated in the review. Analysis of the literature can help assure application of best practice methods for the coordination of care for students in the school setting.
Opsonization of four Bacteroides species: role of the classical complement pathway and immunoglobulin.

Previous investigators have suggested that opsonization of two Bacteroides species is mediated exclusively by the alternative complement pathway and requires immunoglobulins. In this study, the nature of the opsonic factors in nonimmune human serum for four species of Bacteroides was investigated by measuring uptake of [3H]thymidine-labeled bacteria by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Normal human serum, C2-deficient serum, immunoglobulin-deficient serum, and serum chelated with ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), MgEGTA, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used as opsonic sources. Heat inactivation of each of these sera significantly reduced its opsonic activity for all four Bacteroides species, suggesting that serum complement was essential for effective opsonization. All strains were opsonized in the absence of the classical complement pathway; however, kinetics studies revealed that opsonization proceeded at a significantly faster rate when the classical complement pathway was intact. Although two strains were opsonized in immunoglobulin-deficient sera, opsonization was less efficient and appeared to occur via the alternative complement pathway. Unexpectedly, all strains were well opsonized by the classical complement pathway in 10% serum which had been effectively chelated with EGTA or EDTA. The explanation for this finding is unknown; however, it is possible that cell wall cations of Bacteroides species may participate in the activation of complement in chelated serum, resulting in effective opsonization. It was also found that Bacteroides, when incubated with an Escherichia coli strain in normal serum, could compete for opsonins and thereby reduce phagocytosis of E. coli. It is possible that competition for opsonins among bacterial species contributes to the synergistic role these organisms share in mixed floral infections.
A New Approach for Determining Epilayer Strain Relaxation and Composition Through High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction

We developed a new method of determining epilayer relaxation (along one direction) and composition using a symmetric and any single asymmetric high resolution x-ray diffraction scan. The previous use of small angle approximations can be very detrimental to calculated results and should be avoided. This new method does not employ small angle approximations or first order Taylor approximations, producing accurate results. The effect of x-ray geometry (glancing incident versus glancing exit) on the analysis of epilayer composition and strain is also reviewed. It is also shown that the glancing exit geometry is generally less susceptible to experimental error.
Growth control in primary fetal rat liver cells in culture

Primary fetal rat liver cells cultured in medium deficient in, but not free of, arginine in the presence of dialyzed fetal calf serum grow until the final cell density is attained and cells become quiescent in the Go phase of the cell cycle. When growing cells are transferred into arginine free medium, cells become reversibly arrested in Go. Fetal rat liver cells can be induced to synthesize DNA by addition of high levels of arginine to serum free medium. Low arginine levels in the culture medium do not induce cell growth unless serum is present. Serum stimulates arginine uptake in fetal rat liver cells suggesting that serum growth factor(s) act by increasing intracellular arginine levels high enough to initiate the growth cycle. Fractionation of fetal calf serum by gel filtration on G-200 Sephadex yields a partially purified arginine uptake stimulating activity which is eluted from the column in the same fractions that contain fetal rat liver cell growth promoting activity. Insulin induces DNA synthesis in quiescent fetal rat liver cells. Glucagon reverses the stimulatory effects of insulin. N-6,O-2-Dibutyryl adenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphoric acid (But2c-AMP) (10-minus4 M) and theophilline (10-minus3 M) inhibit arginine uptake and the initiation of DNA synthesis by serum. The role of arginine in the control of DNA synthesis in fetal rat liver cells and the mechanism of action of serum growth factors are discussed.
Air pollution and birth weight among term infants in California.

Objective. To examine associations between birth weight and air pollution among full-term infants in California. Methods. We matched exposure data collected from air pollution monitors for small particles (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) to California birth records for singleton births delivered at 40 weeks9 gestation in 2000 using the locations of the monitors and mother9s residence. Pollution measurements collected within 5 miles of the mother9s residence, averaged for the time period corresponding to the duration of pregnancy and each trimester, were used as exposure variables. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between the pollution measures and 2 pregnancy outcomes: small for gestational age (SGA) and birth weight. Variations of the models were used to examine the robustness of the findings. Results. The adjusted odds ratio for SGA for exposure in the highest compared with lowest quartile of PM2.5 was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.50). We found no association between CO and birth weight or SGA after controlling for maternal factors and PM2.5 (mean birth weight difference: 2.6 g; 95% CI: −20.6 to 25.8). The difference in mean birth weight for infants with a 9-month exposure in the highest quartile of PM2.5 compared with that of infants who were exposed in the lowest quartile was −36.1 g (95% CI: −16.5 g to −55.8 g); this difference was similar after controlling for CO. We did not find PM2.5 exposure during a particular trimester most important for assessing birth weight; trimester-level associations were similar to those found using the 9-month exposure variable. Conclusions. We found an increased odds of SGA and a small difference in mean birth weight between infants with the highest and lowest exposures to PM2.5 but not CO. These findings have important implications for infant health because of the ubiquitous exposure to fine particulate air pollution across the United States.
Statistical estimation of navigation errors

An algorithm for estimating navigation system accuracy without the use of so-called ground truth data is presented. The estimates are expressed in terms of system covariance matrices and relative bias vectors; if one of the systems is a dead-reckoning (DR) or inertial system, the algorithm also estimates drift rate parameters. A summary of tests with US Navy ships backs up the results of Monte Carlo testing. The algorithm should also have applications outside the field of navigation. >
A growth profile for the rock scallop Hinnites multirugosus held at several depths off La Jolla, California

Juvenile Hinnites multirugosus were held in cages secured at 6 depths (maximum 120 m) to a buoyed line in the ocean 5 km off Scripps Institution of Oceanography for 95 days (August–November, 1977). The line was retrieved on December 2, and the scallops were measured, weighed and sacrificed for internal study. A second similar line, lowered at the same time as the first, was allowed to remain at the station for observation until later in 1978. Scallops at the shallowest depths (8, 15, and 30 m) displayed the most rapid growth, groups (n=10) averaging 19.3, 25.5 and 21.7 mm increases in shell diameter, respectively. These growth rates were comparable to the best results for scallops held in food-rich waters of Mission Bay, San Diego, California. Groups at the deeper levels (60, 90 and 120 m) grew by averages of 15.3, 8.5 and 7.8 mm, respectively. Growth was less than expected at 8 m, presumably due largely to competition for food and growing space by fouling organisms (barnacles, bryozoans, hydroids and colonial tunicates). Fouling was minimal at depths exceeding 30 m. The known vertical distribution of temperature and particulate organic matter in the ocean off La Jolla indicates that both influenced scallop growth in this study. A temperature range of 5 to 10 C° from the surface to a depth of 100 m is common to the area. Phytoplankton are generally concentrated in the upper 50 m.
Delayed control of weeds in glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet and the consequences on aphid infestation and yield.

An experiment was set up in 1998 to study the effect of glyphosate on the weeds and pests in glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet, in comparison with a conventional herbicide regime. Glyphosate at 1.08 kg ha−1 was first applied at the two- to four-leaf, 8- to 10-leaf and 12- to 14-leaf stage of the crop, followed by a second application at the same rate two to four weeks later. Weed growth did not affect sugar beet emergence or establishment, but, in untreated controls and the two later glyphosate treatments, weeds almost completely covered the ground, leading to reduction of root weight, sugar concentration and yield at harvest. The number of aphids (mostly Myzus persicae Sulzer) in the beet in June was significantly higher on plots treated with glyphosate at the two- to four-leaf stage than on untreated plots or plots treated later with glyphosate. Large numbers of the leaf curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach) colonised the weeds within untreated or later-treated plots. These were accompanied by predators and parasites which eventually caused substantial mortality in the aphid populations. There was evidence that glyphosate-treated weeds, although not in competition with the crop, were still able to provide sustenance for aphids. Very low levels of virus yellows were observed in the trial, and there were no significant differences between treatments. The results suggest that the latest application of the first glyphosate spray in a two-spray programme should be before the eight-leaf stage of the sugar beet to prevent weed competition reducing yield. Further studies on late control of weeds and insect diversity are being carried out. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Regulation of Growth in Mandibular Condylar Cartilage

The mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) has a distinctly different developmental and phylogenetic history from cartilages of the limbs and cranial base. Because the cells that divide to effect growth and adaptation in the MCC are of perichondrial/periosteal rather than chondrogenic origin, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate MCC growth are only beginning to be understood. This article summarizes information regarding receptors and their ligands that are potential growth regulators at the MCC, and examines how growth regulation at the MCC may differ from the mechanisms that take place in growth plate. Finally, emerging evidence bearing on the possibilities for altering MCC growth rate or direction for therapeutic purposes will be discussed.
Metabolic effects of topical silver nitrate therapy in burns covering more than fifteen percent of the body surface.

Summary Electrolyte and water balance studies have been carried out on 20 patients with total body surface burns ranging from 15 to 85%. All patients were treated with 0.5% aqueous AgNo3 applied directly and continuously to the burn wound. The balance studies showed that the loss of Na through the burn wound was directly related to the square area of burn surface and was constant from day to day. Based on this steady and predictable loss of Na in the uninfected burn, a formula has been derived predicting the daily Na replacement necessary to cover the obligatory loss via the burn wound plus the requirements of normal metabolism. This formula has provided an accurate prediction of daily Na requirements in the treatment of thermal burns of widely varying extent, in patients of widely different ages, as judged by water and electrolyte balance studies. The formula provides a useful guide to the level of Na replacement required. Exact tailoring must be carried out to fit the needs of each patient. The direct monitoring of the accuracy of Na replacement by way of the serum Na level has been found cumbersome but intermittently necessary. In the burn patient in metabolic balance and taking a reasonable diet, the level of urinary excretion of Na has been found to be an accurate prediction of serum Na level. A urinary excretion of 40 mEq of Na per liter or above has uniformly reflected a normal serum Na level. The urinary Na has been used as an indicator of accurate replacement therapy replacing the majority of serum Na determinations.
Accelerating large vocabulary continuous speech recognition on heterogeneous CPU-GPU platforms

While prior works have demonstrated the effectiveness of GraphicProcessing Units (GPUs) for limited vocabulary speech recognition, these methods were unsuitable for recognition with large language models. To overcome this limitation, previously we introduced a novel “on-the-fly rescoring” approach in which search was performed over a WFST-network composed with a unigram language model on the GPU, and partial hypotheses were rescored on-the-fly using a large language model stored on the CPU. In this paper, we extend our previous algorithm to enable on-the-fly rescoring to be performed over anH-level network composed with anyn-gram language model, and show that using a longer language model history in the H-level network improves decoding speed. We demonstrate that large language models can be applied on-the-fly with no degradation in decoding speed, realizing a LVCSR system that performs recognition over 22 faster than a CPU implementation with no loss in recognition accuracy.
Plotted and Point-Counted Stereograms by Computer X-Y Plotter or Microfilm Devices

A procedure has been developed to plot orientation data making use of the incremental plotter and microfilm devices found on many computer systems. The program has been written to plot data on an equal area projection, to count the plotted points, and to plot the point counts on an equal area projection for contouring. Plotting can be done on either an incremental plotter or on a microfilm device. The advantage of these devices is in the production of complete Stereograms with accurately plotted data points. The program is executed in the form of one main program which calls several subroutines. The main program reads in the data and selects the output device to be used. The data are assigned coordinates on the stereogram and point counted by subsequent calls from the main program to the several subroutines.
Role of permeability and storage in the initiation and propagation of natural hydraulic fractures

[1] Joint sets within sedimentary basins are commonly interpreted to have formed by tensile failure in conditions where pore fluid pressure was elevated. Such tensile fractures are inferred to be a part of the process that relieves high fluid pressure by locally increasing rock permeability. In spite of the importance of this feedback mechanism, the detailed mechanics of hydraulic fracture genesis remain poorly understood. We describe the results of both experimental and numerical studies of hydraulic fracture genesis on the basis of an experimental protocol that combines rock extension with elevated pore fluid pressure such that the hydraulic fracture criterion is met in the sample interior. This is achieved by simultaneously dropping both minimum stress and external pore fluid pressure, inducing a large fluid pressure drop between the sample interior and its ends. Poroelastic modeling suggests that the pore fluid pressure is highest close to, but not at, the sample ends and is locally maintained at levels that meet the hydraulic fracture criterion for up to 50 s. Application of this experimental protocol to an impure sample of sandstone resulted in the generation of several hydraulic fractures subparallel to the maximum principal stress. Fracturing did not occur in a drained test on the same sample, demonstrating that the elevated pore fluid pressure was critical to fracture formation. To better understand the experimental results, we explore the role of rock permeability and storage on fracture processes using a numerical model that directly couples a lattice-Boltzmann model for fluid mechanics with a discrete element model for solid mechanics. Like the experiment, the numerical simulations produced opening mode fractures when operated to replicate the conditions of the experiment. Fractures preferentially occur in portions of the model inferred to be mechanically weak. Local fluid pressure gradients strongly influence the state of stress in the solids and thereby fracture growth. Increasing the model permeability increases fracture propagation rate, decreases sample deformation, and increases fracture spacing. Sample deformation increases, and fracture spacing decreases, with increasing overpressure. It appears that bulk forcing of the solid via fluid seepage forces is important in fracture genesis, explaining the key roles of permeability and diffusivity in the hydrofracture process.
Muscle-splitting posterolateral thoracotomy: a novel technique

Abstract Purpose In an effort to decrease the morbidity of a standard posterolateral thoracotomy, numerous muscle-sparing approaches have been developed. However, these incisions have been limited by the need for excessive muscle retraction with resultant neuropraxia, difficulty with exposure, and postoperative wound seroma. We report our results of a novel muscle-splitting thoracotomy incision, which affords excellent exposure without significant morbidity. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 37 consecutive patients who underwent “muscle-splitting” thoracotomy from June 1997 to June 1998. The technique, which involves a bidirectional spread of the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles, was performed by the same attending surgeon in all patients. Results There were 22 male and 15 female patients, aged 26 to 81 (mean, 58), with a body mass index ranging from 18 to 40 kg/m2 (mean, 25 kg/m2). Procedures included lobectomy/segmentectomy (19), wedge resection (5), pneumonectomy (2), Belsey IV fundoplication (5), Ivor–Lewis esophagogastrectomy (1), T8/T9 thoracic exposure (1), and miscellaneous thoracic cases (4). Operative time ranged from 90 minutes to 420 minutes (mean, 176), which was comparable with similar procedures through a standard incision. No patients required conversion to a muscle-cutting thoracotomy. Conclusions Our technique of muscle-splitting posterolateral thoracotomy appears to provide excellent operative exposure and to avoid problems seen with current muscle-sparing incisions. A prospective, randomized trial to compare this technique with a standard thoracotomy incision would be useful in determining its viability as an alternative thoracic approach.
Seismicity of the interiors of plates in the Pacific Basin

Historical listings of instrumentally recorded earthquakes raise serious questions about the validity and usefulness of the long-held presumption that the interiors of ocean plates are aseismic stable masses. Unusual distributions of epicenters within these regions may indicate stress patterns resulting from plate motions, or may indicate nascent subduction zones, ridge systems, or hot spots. Data recorded on ocean-bottom hydrophones and seismometers in an earlier investigation [Walker and McCreery, 1988] revealed 28 intraplate earthquakes in the deep interior of the Northwestern Pacific Basin that were unreported by the worldwide network of land-based seismic stations. The data sources included drum recordings of hydrophones near Wake and Enewetok islands in operation for different time intervals from 1963 through 1969, tape recordings from a 9-element 1500-km-long linear array of hydrophones in operation for 2 months in 1981, and tape recordings from September 1982 through 1985 of an 8-element hydrophone array near Wake Island.
Evaluation of Mycobacterium avium Complex Clarithromycin Susceptibility Testing Using SLOMYCO Sensititre Panels and JustOne Strips

The SLOMYCO Sensititre panel and the custom JustOne strip (both from TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH) were evaluated for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates against clarithromycin. Seventy-one archived and prospectively collected isolates were tested using both the SLOMYCO panel and the JustOne strip, and the results were compared to those obtained using the BACTEC 460 (BD, Sparks, MD) radiometric method and a broth microdilution reference method. Results obtained by the SLOMYCO panel and the JustOne strip agreed with the BACTEC 460 method for 64/71 isolates (90%). Similarly, concordance with the broth microdilution method was 40/43 isolates (93%) for both test systems. The effect of the source medium on inoculum preparation was evaluated, and there were no differences noted in MICs, regardless of whether the inoculum was prepared from isolates grown in Middlebrook 7H9 medium, on Middlebrook 7H10 agar, or in VersaTREK broth culture bottles (Trek Diagnostics). Clarithromycin susceptibility testing of MAC using the SLOMYCO panel and the JustOne strip methods is easy to set up and simple to read and is readily incorporate into the clinical laboratory. These systems offer advantages over the BACTEC 460 system including the lack of a need for radioactive substrates, sharps, or costly instrumentation.
Corrosion testing of stainless steel-zirconium metal waste forms

Stainless steel-zirconium (SS-Zr) alloys are being considered as waste forms for the disposition of metallic waste generated during the electrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel. The waste forms contain irradiated cladding hulls, components of the alloy fuel, noble metal fission products, and actinide elements. The baseline waste form is a stainless steel-15 wt% zirconium (SS-15Zr) alloy. This article presents microstructure and some of the corrosion studies being conducted on the waste form alloys. Electrochemical corrosion, immersion corrosion, and vapor hydration tests have been performed on various alloy compositions to evaluate corrosion behavior and resistance to selective leaching of simulated fission products. The SS-Zr waste forms are successful at the immobilization and retention of fission products and show potential for acceptance as high-level nuclear waste forms.
Reductions in quality caused by uneven fault coverage of different areas of an integrated circuit

This paper addresses problems associated with the production and interpretation of traditional fault coverage numbers. In particular, the issue of nonuniform distribution of detected faults is addressed, It is shown that when any degree of defect clustering occurs in the IC fabrication process, there is a very big difference in final quality between covering the chip evenly all over and leaving parts relatively untested, even if the coverage is the same in both cases. Empirical evidence is given to support the theory. >
Controlled Synthesis of Nanosized Particles by Aerosol Processes

Solid particles in the 1 nm < dp < 100 nm size range form in gases as a result of gas phase condensation, particle collision processes, and solid-state processes. The relative rates of sintering and collision determine the size and morphology of the spheroidal primary particles. Rapid sintering is equivalent to the classical theory of coagulation with instantaneous coalescence. When the sintering rate is slow compared with the collision rate, fine primary particles form and aggregate into irregularly shaped agglomerates. The growth of primary particles in an aerosol generator that is cooling at a constant rate was studied theoretically. The most important process parameter determining particle diameter is the maximum gas temperature, because the rate of sintering is a sensitive function of temperature. Aerosol volume loading and cooling rate are important when the rate of particle growth is limited by collision processes. Experiments on the formation of alumina particles were made to study these effects. ...
Project based graduate antenna courses

In this paper, examples of student projects illustrate the level that antenna design education can be taken through the use of software and hardware tools. Through project based courses, s complete design experience can be provided that includes the development of analytical models in addition to the use of software modeling tools, construction and validation by measurements.
CLUMP: a scalable and robust framework for structure discovery

We introduce a robust and efficient framework called CLUMP (CLustering Using Multiple Prototypes) for unsupervised discovery of structure in data. CLUMP relies on finding multiple prototypes that summarize the data. Clustering the prototypes enables our algorithm to scale up to extremely large and high-dimensional domains such as text data. Other desirable properties include robustness to noise and parameter choices. In this paper, we describe the approach in detail, characterize its performance on a variety of datasets, and compare it to some existing model selection approaches.
Lateral meniscus allograft biologic glenoid arthroplasty in total shoulder arthroplasty for young shoulders with degenerative joint disease

To avoid potential polyethylene problems in younger shoulders with degenerative joint disease (DJD) requiring arthroplasty, lateral meniscus allograft (LMA) was used as a biologic resurfacing of the glenoid. We report preliminary, short-term results of this technique in a younger, higher-demand population. The shoulders of 20 men and 10 women, with an average age of 42 years (range, 18 to 52 years), underwent total shoulder arthroplasty with a LMA. A metallic prosthesis was used on the humerus. Etiology of the DJD was osteoarthritis in 16, postinstability surgery in 8, traumatic in 4, and failed open reduction with internal fixation in 2. Twenty-two (73%) had previous shoulder surgery. Preoperative average scores were American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), 38; Simple Shoulder Test (SST), 3.3; and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), 6.4. The average active forward elevation was 96° and external rotation was 26°. Average follow-up was 18 months (range, 12 to 48 months). Postoperative average scores were ASES, 69; SST, 7.8; and VAS, 2.3. Active forward elevation was 139° and external rotation was 53°. All were significant improvements (P < .02). Most (94%) would have the surgery again. Radiologic evaluation at 1 year revealed an average joint space of 1.8 mm on anteroposterior views and 1.6 mm on axillary views. Five complications (17%) occurred within the first postoperative year, all of which required reoperation. Pain resulted in 2 conversions to a polyethylene glenoid. Polyethylene glenoids in young shoulders risk early failure. For young, high-demand shoulders with DJD requiring arthroplasty, the LMA shows promise. Most problems presented within the first year. Although not perfect, it provided significant pain relief, range-of-motion gains, and patient satisfaction without the risk of poly wear or loosening. Longer-term follow-up will be required to determine ultimate durability.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Synthesis Process for Sustainability Improvement

Sustainability of nanomanufacturing has triggered tremendous research interest in recent years, especially the energy consumption and environmental impacts of nanomaterial. TiO2 nanotube is a typical material with broad application potential. In this paper a thermodynamic analysis model integrating the energy consumption and exergy losses is presented for sustainability improvement of TiO2 nanotube synthesis process. This thermodynamic model was validated by the TiO2 nanotube electrochemical anodization process. Comparisons of energy consumption, exergy losses and environmental impacts of five main stages showed the effective sustainability improvement potential. This work can be extended to sustainability improvement of other similar nanomaterial synthesis processes.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Few photon switching with slow light in hollow fiber

Cold atoms confined inside a hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber with core diameters of a few photon wavelengths are a promising medium for studying nonlinear optical interactions at extremely low light levels. The high electric field intensity per photon and interaction lengths not limited by diffraction are some of the unique features of this system. Here, we present the results of our first nonlinear optics experiments in this system including a demonstration of an all-optical switch that is activated at energies corresponding to few hundred optical photons per pulse.
Density of Diadema antillarum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) on Live Coral Patch Reefs and Dead Acropora cervicornis Rubble Patches Near Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA

Abstract Density of adult Diadema antillarum was assessed on live coral patch reefs and dead Acropora cervicornis rubble patches next to Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA in June 2009. Mean density on live coral patch reefs (0.49 individuals m-2) was not statistically different from mean density on dead A. cervicornis rubble patches (0.30 individuals m-2), while the highest density on live coral patch reefs (1.39 individuals m-2) was twice that of dead A. cervicornis rubble patches (0.63 individuals m-2). A significant negative correlation was found between two-dimensional area and density of adult D. antillarum on live coral patch reefs, while no significant correlation was found between two-dimensional area and density of D. antillarum on dead A. cervicornis rubble patches. No significant correlation was found between rugosity and density of D. antillarum on dead A. cervicornis rubble patches. While adult densities are higher than after the mass mortality event of the 1980s, they ...
To Score or Not to Score? A look at the distinguishing power of micro EEG analysis on an annotated sample of PSG studies conducted in an HIV cohort

In this study, we used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to divide the subjects into two groups, good sleepers and bad sleepers. We computed sleep behavioral (macro-sleep architectural) features and sleep spectral (micro-sleep architectural) features in order to observe if the annotated EEG data can be used to distinguish between good and bad sleepers in a more quantitative manner. Specifically, the macro-sleep features were defined by sleep stages and included sleep transitions, percentage of time spent in each sleep stage, and duration of time spent in each sleep stage. The micro-sleep features were obtained from the power spectrum of the EEG signals by computing the total power across all channels and all frequencies, as well as the average power in each sleep stage and across different frequency bands. We found that while the scoring-independent micro features are significantly different between the two groups, the macro features are not able to significantly distinguish the two groups. The fact that the macro features computed from the scoring files cannot pick up the expected difference in the EEG signals raises the question as to whether human scoring of EEG signals is practical in assessing sleep quality.
Spacecraft Attitude Control Design with Adaptive Bounded Controllers

This paper presents the development of a control system design to keep the spacecraft attitude at a prescribed sun vector. A bounded controller is proposed which utilizes the measured sun vector and spacecraft spin rates, and the control gains are model independent and can be tuned for individual axis. An adaptive control scheme is developed for control parameters to ensure closed-loop performance. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed controller, a spacecraft engaging the sun safe-hold is simulated.
One-Pot, Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroazulen-6(1H)-one: A Concise Access to the Core Structure of Cephalotaxus Norditerpenes

A one-pot enantioselective synthesis of cis-substituted 2,3-dihydroazulen-6(1H)-one is described. In this cascade reaction, an organocatalyzed asymmetric Michael reaction furnishes a highly optically pure nitrobutylphenol intermediate, which is converted into an annulated tropone species by sequential oxidative dearomatization, conjugate addition, electrocyclic ring opening and nitrous acid elimination in the same reaction vessel. Both aliphatic and aromatic nitroalkenes are good substrates for the one-pot reaction, and this protocol appears to be general for various phenylpropionaldehydes as well. In the case of asymmetrically substituted phenylpropionaldehydes, the regioselectivity is likely determined by both the steric and electronic properties of the substituents. This methodology is successfully applied to the synthesis of the tricyclic core structure of Cephalotaxus norditerpenes.
Analysis of 9W Antisera Detecting DR4- and DR2-Associated Epitopes by Use of Anti-idiotypic Antibodies

Idiotypes are phenotypic markers of immunoglobulins which are defined by anti-idiotypic antibodies present in antisera directed against the variable region of Ig molecules. The library of idiotypes (Id) includes individual Id (Id I) and cross-reactive Id (Idx) which are shared by different individuals of the same species. Recently, we have shown that pregnancy sera contain both idiotypic and anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies to class I and class II HLA antigens [1, 2]. We have postulated that human anti-Id antibodies to HLA recognize, in alloantisera, public Id (Idx) that are products of highly conserved germ-line genes. This hypothesis was tested in the present study by determining the capacity of two anti-Id reagents to block the corresponding Id of relevant Ninth International Histocompatibility Workshop (9W) antisera.
Gallium-67-Citrate Detection of Infected Automatic Internal Cardiac Defibrillator: A Case Report

1. Teates CD, Hunter JG Jr. Gallium scanning as a screening test for inflammatory lesions. Radiology 1975;116:383-387. 2. Hopkins GB, Kan M, Mende CW. Gallium-67 scintigraphy and intra-abdominal sepsis. Clinical experience in 140 patients with suspected intraabdominal abscess. West J Med 1976;125:425-430. 3. Caffee HH, Watts G, Mena I. Gallium-67-citrate scanning in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscess. Am J Surg 1977;133:665-669. 4. Deysine M. Gallium-67 scanning in the diagnosis of abscesses. Compr Ther 1977;3:24-27. 5. O'Brian K, Barnes D, Martin RH, Rae JR. Gallium SPECT in the detection of prosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic ring abscess. J Nuc Med 1991;32:1791-1793.
The relationship between basal and regulated Gnrhr expression in rodent pituitary gonadotrophs

Hypothalamic GnRH together with gonadal steroids and activins/inhibin regulate its receptor gene (Gnrhr) expression in vivo, which leads to crucial changes in GnRHR numbers on the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by alterations in the gonadotroph sensitivity and responsiveness during physiologically relevant situations. Here we investigated basal and GnRH-regulated Gnrhr expression in rodent pituitary gonadotrophs in vitro. In pituitary cells from adult animals cultured in the absence of GnRH and steroid hormones, the Gnrhr expression was progressively reduced but not completely abolished. The basal Gnrhr expression was also operative in LβT2 immortalized gonadotrophs never exposed to GnRH. In both cell types, basal transcription was sufficient for the expression of functional GnRHRs. Continuous application of GnRH transiently elevated the Gnrhr expression in cultured pituitary cells followed by a sustained fall without affecting basal transcription. Both basal and regulated Gnrhr transcriptions were dependent on the protein kinase C signaling pathway. The GnRH-regulated Gnrhr expression was not operative in embryonal pituitary and LβT2 cells and was established neonatally, the sex-specific response patterns were formed at the juvenile-peripubertal stage and there was a strong correlation between basal and regulated gene expression during development. Thus, the age-dependent basal and regulated Gnrhr transcription could account for the initial blockade and subsequent activation of the reproductive system during development.
From Parking Lots to Museum Basements: The Archaeobotany of the St. Mary's Site

ABSTRACTThe St. Mary's site (AZ AA: 16:26) has almost been destroyed by construction and inundated by modem refuse. It has long been a favorite haunt for local pothunters, but very little systematic archaeological work was ever conducted there. Nevertheless, several small collections of maize and tepary beans were preserved in the collections of the Arizona State Museum. These maize kernels come from both flour and flint varieties. Although the St. Mary's corn dates to around A.D. 900, it is essentially identical to types grown by the Papago in the early 1900s.