cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Mammary-Specific Extracellular Matrix to Assess Acute Cell-ECM Interactions in 3D Culture

Studies of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) cultured with reconstituted basement membrane proteins derived from EHS tumors have contributed greatly to the understanding of both normal physiology and transformation. Only when plated on such biologically relevant substratum are MECs able to form morphologically correct, differentiated structures, highlighting a critical role for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in MEC organization and function. Here, we describe methods modified from the original EHS matrix protocol for isolating tissue-specific ECM from rat mammary glands, and for subsequent use in short-term 3D cell culture models designed to assess acute cell-ECM interactions. Using this protocol, the final matrix is enriched up to 58-fold for ECM proteins such as fibronectin and laminin, while cellular proteins such as GAPDH are reduced 98-fold. We have previously shown that MECs plated in mammary-specific ECM form more elaborate duct-like and alveolar-like structures compared to MECs plated in Matrigel™, demonstrating the biological relevance of tissue-specific ECM. Use of mammary-specific ECM in 3D cell culture models will further our ability to study the intricate interplay between a cell and its microenvironment, and permit identification of modifying factors.
Liver triglyceride synthesis failure in post-spawning salmon

The ability of liver of pink salmon,Onchorhychus gorbuscha, to synthesize triglycerides is lost after migration into fresh water and spawning. Triglyceride fatty acids are probably mobilized as cholesterol esters as energy sources in these starving fish. Total lipid decreases; cholesterol remains constant; and relative values of protein and water increase in the liver of the spawned out fish. Both hepatic lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis decrease. Control values are given for river whitefish. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00M6041 00006
Infrared Studies Of Biomolecules In Water Using Wavelength Modulated Derivative Spectroscopy

Many problems in cancer research deal with the functional change in a biomolecule due to an alteration in its structure or conformation. Such changes can come about from ligand binding, drug intercalation, radiation and/or chemical damage, or from changes in the molecule's environment. In many cases, such a small change in the structure or conformation of the molecule can have far reaching consequences. It is important, therefore, to develop research tools capable of studying small differences in conformations and/or small alterations in molecules of biological importance in aqueous media. We are proposing to apply wavelength modulation derivative spectroscopy, a high sensitivity method used in Condensed Matter Physics, to the study of small structural changes in biomolecules. Preliminary studies suggest that such infrared spectroscopy can be performed on biomolecules dissolved or dispersed in aqueous media, which overcomes a major obstacle - the need to work with nonaqueous solvents - in the application of infrared spectroscopy to the study of biomolecules.
An unusual presentation of esophageal metastasis from breast cancer

This raritymay present a diagnostic challenge related to theinfrequency and the lengthy disease-free survival oftenseen before metastatic presentation. We present a rarecase report of esophageal metastasis from breast cancerafter a 13-year disease-free interval.CLINICAL SUMMARYA 62-year-old woman was seen at our institutionfor consideration of esophagectomy as the result of arecalcitrant esophageal stricture noted to be benign onbiopsy. She had experienced signiﬁcant dysphagia to allbut liquids since 2007 and during that interval had a60-pound weight loss despite monthly esophageal dilations.Thepatienthadaprevioushistoryofleft-sidedlobularbreastcancer treated with lumpectomy, axillary dissection, andadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in 1994. The stricture waspresumed to be secondary to radiotherapy administered fortreatment of her left-sided breast cancer in 1994. Previousesophagealbiopsiesonmultipleoccasionshaddemonstratedbenign squamous cells with additional atypical glandularcells. An 18 mm 3 15 cm Polyﬂex esophageal stent(Boston Scientiﬁc Corporation, Marlborough, Mass) hadbeen previously deployed for a 7-week period, with acorresponding improvement in swallowing. The stentwas removed after 7 weeks because her swallowing hadimproved but never seemed to be normal.Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a 5-cm tightﬁbrotic stricture starting at 26 cm where all layers of theesophagus were indistinct from each other. The muscularispropria appeared extremely ﬁbrotic (Figure 1). Additionalbiopsy specimens were taken and again showed nomalignancy. Because of her recalcitrant but apparentlybenign symptomatic stricture, she was offered and thenscheduled for a minimally invasive esophagectomy, aprocedure that is based on a minimally invasive Ivor Lewisprocedure and has been previously described by our ownunit.
Kappa-Opioid Receptor Antagonism: A Mechanism for Treatment of Relief Drinking?

Of recreational users of alcohol, 15% at some point go on to develop a pattern of alcohol seeking and taking that continues despite adverse consequences—that is, alcohol addiction or simply alcoholism. This proportion is not much different from what is seen with other drugs of abuse, but more than half of all Americans $12 years old report being current drinkers. As a result, in the United States, 12 million people have a current diagnosis of alcoholism, accounting for a greater disease burden than all illicit drugs combined. Few evidencebased treatments are currently available for these patients. Efficacy of existing treatments is limited further by the heterogeneity of alcoholism. Optimal clinical management of these patients ultimately requires personalized approaches that match treatments to pathophysiologically relevant individual characteristics. Some of these characteristics are clearly genetic, but personalized therapies also need to take in account neuroadaptations that develop over time as a result of alcohol use itself. Research over the past decade has demonstrated that the motivational mechanisms driving alcohol use undergo a shift over the course of the addictive process. In initial stages of alcohol use, positively reinforcing, or rewarding, properties of alcohol dominate. These are mediated partly by alcohol-induced release of endogenous opioids that activate mu opioid receptors, a mechanism targeted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved opioid antagonist naltrexone. However, with increased duration of brain alcohol exposure and dependence, alcohol consumption becomes increasingly driven by negatively reinforcing actions of alcohol. During this stage, negative emotional states emerge in the absence of alcohol. Because these can be temporarily alleviated by resuming alcohol intake, they introduce a novel, powerful incentive for alcohol consumption—often called the “dark side of addiction.” There are currently no clinically approved medications targeting this type of “relief drinking.” Antagonists for corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) have been pursued for some time for their potential in this regard, but along the way, other neurochemical mechanisms have emerged that seem to hold similar promise. In one of the most exciting developments, Walker and Koob (1) discovered that intracerebroventricular administration of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist norbinaltorphimine selectively suppresses dependence-induced escalation of alcohol consumption in a manner similar to CRF1 antagonists. In this issue of Biological Psychiatry, Kissler et al. (2) provide an
Online maintenance of very large random samples on flash storage

Recent advances in flash media have made it an attractive alternative for data storage in a wide spectrum of computing devices, such as embedded sensors, mobile phones, PDA's, laptops, and even servers. However, flash media has many unique characteristics that make existing data management/analytics algorithms designed for magnetic disks perform poorly with flash storage. For example, while random (page) reads are as fast as sequential reads, random (page) writes and in-place data updates are orders of magnitude slower than sequential writes. In this paper, we consider an important fundamental problem that would seem to be particularly challenging for flash storage: efficiently maintaining a very large (100 MBs or more) random sample of a data stream (e.g., of sensor readings). First, we show that previous algorithms such as reservoir sampling and geometric file are not readily adapted to flash. Second, we propose B-FILE, an energy-efficient abstraction for flash media to store self-expiring items, and show how a B-FILE can be used to efficiently maintain a large sample in flash. Our solution is simple, has a small (RAM) memory footprint, and is designed to cope with flash constraints in order to reduce latency and energy consumption. Third, we provide techniques to maintain biased samples with a B-FILE and to query the large sample stored in a B-FILE for a subsample of an arbitrary size. Finally, we present an evaluation with flash media that shows our techniques are several orders of magnitude faster and more energy-efficient than (flash-friendly versions of) reservoir sampling and geometric file. A key finding of our study, of potential use to many flash algorithms beyond sampling, is that "semi-random" writes (as defined in the paper) on flash cards are over two orders of magnitude faster and more energy-efficient than random writes.
Predictive values for clinical signs of abomasal ulcer disease in adult dairy cattle

Abstract A 12-month prospective study was performed to determine the predictive values for clinical signs of abomasal ulcer disease in a hospital population of 296 adult dairy cows which were believed to have gastrointestinal dysfunction. There were 26 ulcer-positive cows (prevalence 8.8%). The occult blood test was a more reliable indicator of abomasal ulcer disease than were the abdominal pain or anemia tests. Only three ulcer-positive cows were negative for all three tests. Forty-five cows were positive for at least one of the three clinical tests. The principal diseases present in the 22 cows that had false-positive results were traumatic reticuloperitonitis, abomasal displacement, liver disease, cecal volvulus and pneumonia or pleuritis.
Tuberosity healing after reverse shoulder arthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fractures: the ''black and tan'' technique

Background Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has seen increased use for management of complex proximal humeral fractures in the elderly. Recent evidence has shown that tuberosity healing leads to improved active range of motion and functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report on the radiographic and clinical outcomes of a consecutive series of patients having undergone reverse shoulder arthroplasty for fracture utilizing the "black and tan" method—a hybrid cementation-impaction grafting technique that uses autogenous cancellous bone graft to create an interface between the proximal cement mantle and the area of tuberosity repair. Methods Twenty-five patients (average age, 77 years; range, 63-88 years) were included in the analysis with a mean follow-up of 17 months. All patients underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty for a complex proximal humerus fracture using the black and tan technique. Results The tuberosity healing rate was 88%. At final follow-up, mean active elevation was 117° ± 23°, mean abduction was 86° ± 16°, and mean external rotation was 29° ± 18°. External rotation strength averaged 4.9 ± 0.2. The Simple Shoulder Test and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scores averaged 7 and 76, respectively. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons total score was 71; visual analog scale score for pain, 2; and visual analog scale score for function, 7. Of the 25 patients, 21 (84%) rated their satisfaction with the surgery as excellent or good. Conclusions The black and tan technique together with standard suture repair and an implant with features that support tuberosity repair results in a high tuberosity healing rate with restoration of external rotation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty for fracture.
System dependence graph construction for recursive programs

In a previous paper we demonstrated that a parse-tree-based system dependence graph (SDG) provides us with smaller and therefore more precise slices than a statement-based SDG. Furthermore, we described extensions to the SDG that were made to handle particular constructs found in ANSI C. In this paper, we describe a new method for the calculation of transitive dependences (in the presence of recursion) and therefore build a SDG that does not require calculation of the GMOD and GREF sets. Furthermore, this method does not require construction of a linkage grammar and its corresponding subordinate characteristic graphs. Additionally, we illustrate the versatility of the SDG as an internal program representation by briefly presenting a tool that we have developed that can perform interprocedural slicing, dicing, and ripple analysis in addition to other software engineering activities on programs written in a subset of ANSI C. >
Effects of pacing parameters on entrainment of gastric slow waves in patients with gastroparesis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pacing parameters on the entrainment of gastric slow waves in patients with gastroparesis. Four pairs of cardiac pacing wires were placed on t...
On the Concepts of Structure and Process in Cultural Anthropology1

IN HIS Presidential paper Fred Eggan (1954) suggested that further progress in cultural anthropology lies in the direction of integrating the structural-functional approach of British social anthropology with our traditional American interest in culture process and history. In my judgment, Eggan has posed one of the key methodological and theoretical problems of our generation, has offered some excellent suggestions as to how we might proceed, and has provided us with some detailed examples of the kind of synthesis that is now feasible (Eggan 1950, 1955). Too few anthropologists have followed Eggan's suggestion on either the empirical or theoretical fronts, and I suggest one of the principal reasons for our inactivity is that we do not yet have the full conceptual apparatus to handle the problems. We know a great deal about how to conceptualize in a structural-functional analysis, but we do not have the necessary concepts of process, nor the conceptual tools for significantly linking the two approaches within a general theoretical model. To be sure, there are several different ways of looking at social structure and a number of concepts of function in current usage in anthropology, but the recent advances in the structuralfunctional approach are impressive (e.g., Evans-Pritchard 1951; Firth 1951; Parsons 1951; Murdock 1949, 1955; Geertz 1957; Nadel 1957) compared to the lag and the disagreements over how to conceptualize cultural processes, or to link structural propositions with processual propositions. We can write cultural histories; we can divide the cultural histories up into sets of sequential periods and compare the sequences along lines for which Julian Steward (1955) has so clearly provided a methodological model. But, in my judgment, the essential dynamics involved in cultural processes still escape us because we tend to utilize an essentially Marxist type of interpretation, seeking causes in terms of economic or ecological determinants (e.g., White 1949). Or we try to describe and explain cultural processes in terms of an individuals-learn-new-patterns type of approach (e.g., Barnett 1953). Or we develop culture pattern and value theory which results in more precise and sophisticated ways of describing and analyzing patterns of culture (e.g., Albert 1956; C. Kluckhohn 1941, 1943, 1951; F. Kluckhohn 1950; Opler 1945; Redfield 1952, 1955; Vogt and Roberts 1956), but on an essentially flat time-scale. Each of these trends and developments in contemporary American anthropology has represented clear advances, and, for certain ranges of our data and problems, each is still viable. But none of these approaches is fully
Medical burden in bipolar disorder: findings from the Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness for Bipolar Disorder study (Bipolar CHOICE)

Objectives Individuals with bipolar disorder have high rates of other medical comorbidity, which is associated with higher mortality rates and worse course of illness. The present study examined common predictors of medical comorbidity. Methods The Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiative in Comparative Effectiveness for Bipolar Disorder study (Bipolar CHOICE) enrolled 482 participants with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder in a six-month, randomized comparative effectiveness trial. Baseline assessments included current and lifetime DSM-IV-TR diagnoses, demographic information, psychiatric and medical history, severity of psychiatric symptoms, level of functioning, and a fasting blood draw. Medical comorbidities were categorized into two groups: cardiometabolic (e.g., diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome) and non-cardiovascular (e.g., seizures, asthma, and cancer). Additionally, we looked at comorbid substance use (e.g., smoking and drug dependence). Results We found that 96.3% of participants had at least one other medical comorbidity. Older age predicted a greater likelihood of having a cardiometabolic condition. Early age of onset of bipolar symptoms was associated with a lower chance of having a cardiometabolic condition, but a greater chance of having other types of medical comorbidity. Additional predictors of other medical comorbidities in bipolar disorder included more time spent depressed, less time spent manic/hypomanic, and longer duration of illness. Medications associated with weight gain were associated with low high-density lipoprotein and abnormal triglycerides. Conclusions There appears to be a substantial medical burden associated with bipolar disorder, highlighting the need for collaborative care among psychiatric and general medical providers to address both psychiatric and other medical needs concomitantly in this group of patients.
A Study on Radiation Damage in Large Size LSO and LYSO Crystal Samples

This paper presents a study on radiation damage effect in large size (2.5times2.5times20 cm3) LSO and LYSO crystals. Optical and scintillation properties, including the longitudinal transmittance and emission spectra, the light output and light response uniformity with PMT and APD readout, are measured before and after gamma-ray irradiations with integrated dosage up to 106 rad for three LSO and LYSO samples from different vendors. It was found that the recovery of radiation damage under room temperature is negligible, indicating that radiation damage in LSO and LYSO crystals are not dose rate dependent. It was also found that the overall radiation damage in LSO and LYSO crystals is small as compared to other crystal scintillators commonly used in high energy and nuclear physics experiments.
Simmel on Culture: Selected Writings, edited by David Frisby and Mike Featherstone (London: Sage Publications, 1997); Down from Olympus: Archaeology and Philhellenism in Germany, 1750–1970, by Suzanne Marchand (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996).

Over the past three decades, writings on modernity and post-modernity have emanated from both the social sciences and humanities. In this context, the voluminous works of Niklas Luhmann and his interpreters (Lee 2000; Rasch 2000) have had a lasting impact on how social theory and various expressions of modernity are interconnected. Yet, one of the finest and most critical understandings of modernity and its totality is still found in the writings of Georg Simmel, who is barely referred to in most recent analyses. Now, through the brilliant interpretations and translations by David Frisby and his colleagues over the past two decades, the interest in Simmel and his intellectual efforts has achieved a position which ranks him with Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. Although Simmel (1858–1918) is classically labeled a sociologist, the depth and breadth of his interests simply cannot be limited to any one discipline. Rather, it is best to approach Simmel as a cultural philosopher, one who used the essay format to address a number of subjects, issues, and problems. Simmel wrote some ten to fifteen books of which only a few have been translated into English, The Philosophy of Money (1900, 1907) being the most visible.
Clinical Use of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

### Overview Whenever cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is applicable, it usually provides the standard for diagnostic evaluation. With a state-of-the-art CMR system, it is possible to acquire technically superior images with great diagnostic value. CMR is entering the early majority user phase of technology adoption.1 A period of rapid growth is anticipated as users understand and acquire the technology. Thus, a modality conceived in the last quarter of the 20th century should flourish in the 21st century. The most recent systems include shorter bore 1.5 Tesla magnets. However, CMR is on the brink of a change in magnetic field strength to 3.0T. This will decrease the imaging time, improve image quality, and detect ischemia directly using spectroscopy. It has frequently been claimed that CMR can provide virtually all of the information needed to assess heart disease. However, such claims become a liability without full realization in a reasonable period of time. CMR is now at the stage where it should be routinely applied clinically (see Table 1 for definitions of some common CMR terminology). View this table: TABLE 1. CMR Terminology ### Magnetic Resonance Hardware Magnetic resonance systems consist of 3 major components (Figure 1): Figure 1. …
An 850-nm Normal-Incidence Germanium Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Photodetector With 13-GHz Bandwidth and 8- $\mu$ A Dark Current

This letter presents a new germanium metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (PD), in which an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer is added on top of the undoped germanium substrate. The a-Si under the Ti-Au contacts serves as a barrier enhancement layer and mitigates Schottky barrier height lowering due to fermi-level pinning, hence reducing dark current. In the active region, the a-Si layer passivates surface states, thus preventing low-frequency gain due to charge accumulation and image force lowering, and improving the device bandwidth. A prototype PD with an area of 47 × 47 μm2 with 2-μm contact spacing and 1.25-μm contact width achieved a small-signal 3-dB bandwidth over 10 GHz. In an ultrafast electrooptic sampling measurement, its impulse response exhibited 15-ps pulsewidth and 30-ps rise time, which corresponds to 13-GHz bandwidth. The measured PD capacitance was 40 fF. The responsivity and dark current were 0.23 A/W and 8 μA, respectively, at 850-nm wavelength and 7-V bias.
Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Emergence After Mechanical Incorporation of Poultry Litter into Field Soils

Lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), emergence from North Carolina field soils was evaluated in a controlled experiment simulating land application of turkey litter and again in field studies. Adult lesser mealworms were buried in central North Carolina Cecil red clay at depths of 0, 8, 15, 23, and 30 cm and the beetles emerging from the soil counted 1, 3, 7, 10, 13, 17, 21, 24, and 28 d after burial. Beetles emerged from all depths and differences among depths were not significant. Beetles survived at least 28 d buried in the soil at depths ≤30 cm. In seasonal field studies, lesser mealworm emergence from clay soil with poultry litter incorporated by disk, mulch and plow was compared with emergence from plots with no incorporation. Incorporation significantly reduced beetle emergence when poultry litter containing large numbers of beetles was applied to clay field soils during the summer (F = 3.45; df = 3, 143; P = 0.018). Although mechanical incorporation of poultry litter reduced beetle emergence relative to the control, greatest reductions were seen in plowed treatments. Beetle activity was reduced after land application of litter during colder months. Generally, lesser mealworm emergence decreased with time and few beetles emerged from the soil 28 d after litter was applied. Similarly, mechanical incorporation of poultry litter into sandy soils reduced beetle emergence (F = 4.06; df = 3, 143; P < 0.008). In sandy soils typical of eastern North Carolina, disk and plow treatments significantly reduced beetle emergence compared with control.
Getting from Fat to Fit: The Role of Policy in the Obesity Disaster

Increasing health and economic costs of overweight and obesity underscore the urgency of finding effective means of addressing the problem. There is broad support within the public health community for approaches that are holistic in nature, taking into account a host of factors that make up the food environment and ultimately influence individual behaviours. Policies with the power to support substantial and even radical changes in the food environment will require a high degree of political will, a systems approach and global co-operation. Small steps are unlikely to produce adequate results. Change of this magnitude will require newly developed and effectively deployed leadership capacities, particularly within our senior public health workforce.
Is initial preservation of deep tendon reflexes in West Nile Virus paralysis a good prognostic sign

Typical West Nile virus paralysis is characterized by muscle weakness, decreased tone, and loss of deep tendon reflexes attributed to destruction of anterior horn cells. Two cases in which deep tendon reflexes were initially preserved in the presence of profound and persistent muscle weakness are presented here. In both cases, deep tendon reflexes were later severely attenuated or lost, while weakness of the involved muscles remained profound and unchanged. Both patients showed good motor recovery at 6 months. Initial preservation of deep tendon reflexes in the presence of persistent muscle weakness indicates that in the early stages of disease, the muscle weakness in these two cases was not caused by destruction of anterior horn cells. Pathology involving anterior horns preceding AHC destruction could potentially disrupt upper motor neuron pathways to anterior horn cells, causing weakness with initial preserved deep tendon reflexes.
Evaluation of Bean Varieties for Resistance to Mexican Bean Beetle

One hundred forty-one snapbean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., and 20 lima bean, P. lunatus L., varieties were screened in the greenhouse for resistance to feeding by adult Epilachna varivestis Mulsant. Two methods, intact leaf and excised leaf, were used for initial screening. The variety ‘Regal’ (snap) was the least consumed by adult beetles followed by ‘Baby Fordhook’ (lima), and ‘Baby White’ (lima). A subsequent test with selected nrieties by the intact leaf method, and results of field evaluation confirmed these findings.
Validation of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II for Hispanic Male Truck Drivers in the Southwest:

The aims of the study were to validate the English and Spanish Versions of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) with Hispanic male truck drivers and to determine if there were any differences in drivers' responses based on driving responsibility. The methods included a descriptive correlation design, the HPLP II (English and Spanish versions), and a demographic questionnaire. Fifty-two Hispanic drivers participated in the study. There were no significant differences in long haul and short haul drivers' responses to the HPLP II. Cronbach's alpha for the Spanish version was .97 and the subscales alphas ranged from .74 to .94. The English version alpha was .92 and the subscales ranged from .68 to .84. Findings suggest the subscales of Health Responsibility, Physical Activities, Nutrition, and Spirituality Growth on the HPLP II Spanish and English versions may not adequately assess health-promoting behaviors and cultural influences for the Hispanic male population in the southwestern border region.
Improving the binding characteristics of tripodal compounds on single layer graphene.

Graphene is an atomically thin, transparent, and conductive electrode material of interest for sensors and energy conversion and storage devices, among others. Fully realizing its potential will require robust and general methods to anchor active functionality onto its pristine basal plane. Such strategies should not utilize covalent bond formation, which disrupts the graphene’s π-electron system, from which most of its desirable properties arise. We recently introduced a tripodal binding motif, which forms robust monolayers on graphene capable of immobilizing active proteins and preventing their denaturation. Here we describe structure–property relationships for a series of tripod binding groups with “feet” of different sizes. Each derivative adsorbs strongly (ΔGads ≈ −39 kJ mol–1) to graphene’s basal plane, yet the resulting monolayers exhibit kinetic stabilities that vary over 2 orders of magnitude and molecular densities that vary by a factor of 2. This study identifies phenanthrene as a superior anch...
Elastic analytical solutions of one－dimensional deformation and displacement of the soillayer under periodic loadings

In this paper analytical solutions are found with a governing equation written in terms of displacement Helm 1987 and four different types of boundary conditions． Each boundary condition is the combination of a linear function and one of four periodic functions that are respectively sinusoidal trapezoidal triangular and rectangular． Each theoretical solution comprises three parts that are individually related to the linear and periodic functions at boundaries and a constant B in the governing equation． The components of analytical solutions are associated with time periodically exponentially and linearly． Expressions of the maximum cumulative displacement for the four solutions are given to estimate risk of one dimensional land subsidence．
SU-F-R-05: Multidimensional Imaging Radiomics-Geodesics: A Novel Manifold Learning Based Automatic Feature Extraction Method for Diagnostic Prediction in Multiparametric Imaging

Purpose: Multiparametric radiological imaging is used for diagnosis in patients. Potentially extracting useful features specific to a patient's pathology would be crucial step towards personalized medicine and assessing treatment options. In order to automatically extract features directly from multiparametric radiological imaging datasets, we developed an advanced unsupervised machine learning algorithm called the multidimensional imaging radiomics-geodesics(MIRaGe). Methods: Seventy-six breast tumor patients underwent 3T MRI breast imaging were used for this study. We tested the MIRaGe algorithm to extract features for classification of breast tumors into benign or malignant. The MRI parameters used were T1-weighted, T2-weighted, dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI). The MIRaGe algorithm extracted the radiomics-geodesics features (RGFs) from multiparametric MRI datasets. This enable our method to learn the intrinsic manifold representations corresponding to the patients. To determine the informative RGF, a modified Isomap algorithm(t-Isomap) was created for a radiomics-geodesics feature space(tRGFS) to avoid overfitting. Final classification was performed using SVM. The predictive power of the RGFs was tested and validated using k-fold cross validation. Results: The RGFs extracted by the MIRaGe algorithm successfully classified malignant lesions from benign lesions with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 91%. The top 50 RGFs identified as the most predictive by the t-Isomap procedure were consistent with the radiological parameters known to be associated with breast cancer diagnosis and were categorized as kinetic curve characterizing RGFs, wash-in rate characterizing RGFs, wash-out rate characterizing RGFs and morphology characterizing RGFs. Conclusion: In this paper, we developed a novel feature extraction algorithm for multiparametric radiological imaging. The results demonstrated the power of the MIRaGe algorithm at automatically discovering useful feature representations directly from the raw multiparametric MRI data. In conclusion, the MIRaGe informatics model provides a powerful tool with applicability in cancer diagnosis and a possibility of extension to other kinds of pathologies. NIH (P50CA103175, 5P30CA006973 (IRAT), R01CA190299, U01CA140204), Siemens Medical Systems (JHU-2012-MR-86-01) and Nivida Graphics Corporation
Changing capabilities, uncertainty, and the risk of war in crisis bargaining

Understanding how changes to war-fighting technology influence the probability of war is central to security studies. Yet the effects of changes in the distribution of power are not obvious. All else equal, increasing a country’s power makes it more aggressive when making demands or more resistant to accepting offers, but all else is not equal. Changes in power influence the behavior of both countries and can generate countervailing incentives. In this note we characterize the conditions relating changes in war payoffs to changes in the probability of bargaining failure and war. For a variety of cases the strategic effects can be entirely offsetting and no change in the probability of war results from changes in the balance of power, a result sometimes called neutrality . When this neutralization does not occur, interesting and sometimes surprising effects can persist. For example, if countries are risk averse and neutrality fails, then supporting the weaker country can reduce the probability of war rather than make war more likely, even though the weaker side will now make higher demands and reject more proposals in favor of war.
Advanced Electrochemistry of Individual Metal Clusters Electrodeposited Atom by Atom to Nanometer by Nanometer

ConspectusMetal clusters are very important as building blocks for nanoparticles (NPs) for electrocatalysis and electroanalysis in both fundamental and applied electrochemistry. Attention has been given to understanding of traditional nucleation and growth of metal clusters and to their catalytic activities for various electrochemical applications in energy harvesting as well as analytical sensing. Importantly, understanding the properties of these clusters, primarily the relationship between catalysis and morphology, is required to optimize catalytic function. This has been difficult due to the heterogeneities in the size, shape, and surface properties. Thus, methods that address these issues are necessary to begin understanding the reactivity of individual catalytic centers as opposed to ensemble measurements, where the effect of size and morphology on the catalysis is averaged out in the measurement.This Account introduces our advanced electrochemical approaches to focus on each isolated metal cluster,...
The Future Foretold: Lyndon Baines Johnson’s Congressional Support for Israel

ABSTRACTLyndon B. Johnson became a senator the year of Israel’s creation: 1948. Moral, political, and strategic considerations guided Johnson’s outspoken support for Israel from an early point in his political career. This analysis reveals that Johnson’s advocacy of Israel whilst a senator foreshadowed his policy as president of championing the Israeli-American military-strategic alliance. Beginning with his time in Congress, Johnson had many Jewish American friends supporting the establishment of a Jewish state and, due to the importance of Jewish-American backing of the Democratic Party, Johnson supported Israel for significant political reasons. From a moral and strategic perspective starting in the 1950s, Johnson believed that Israel served as a humanitarian refuge for Jews in the aftermath of the Holocaust and, as a liberal democracy, was well suited to oppose the expansion of Soviet influence and communism in the Cold War Middle East. For these reasons, Johnson supported the initiation of American a...
Reduced reimbursement for cardiovascular services by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: perspective from interventional cardiology.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently released its proposed 2010 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule, which includes dramatic reductions in payments for cardiovascular services. However, the basis for these cuts is flawed in credibility and does not address the valid issues that demand health care reform.
Optimization of an enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN DHFET towards a high breakdown voltage and low figure of merit

Demonstrated in this work are the effects of lateral scaling on the figure of merit (R DS(on) ×Q G ) for a pGaN, enhancement-mode HEMT. To this end, the drift length (L drift ) and the length of the gate field plate (L GFP ) have been scaled to exhibit the influence of these terms on the on-state resistance (R DS(on) ), gate charge (Q G ), and breakdown voltage (V BR ). Results conclude that for a given field plate length, the increase in breakdown voltage as L GD increases, saturates when L GD is greater than L GD(sat) . For this design, with L GFP at 5 μm, the saturation length L GD(sat) was 6 μm. Novelty of this study comes from a comprehensive look at drift length and field plate optimization for high voltage and low figure of merit designs, specifically for the enhancement-mode pGaN structure. Taking this optimization one step further, we have mapped out R DS(on) and Q G to suggest designs which optimize conduction losses versus switching losses for specificity in power electronics system design.
Risk-Based models of attacker behavior in cybersecurity

Even as reliance on information and communication technology networks continues to grow, and their potential security vulnerabilities become a greater threat, very little is known about the humans who perpetrate cyber attacks--what are their strategies, resources, and motivations? We present a new framework for modeling such cyber attackers. Utilizing observable information (i.e., network alerts, security implementations, systems logs), we can characterize attackers based on the risk they are willing to incur and delineate them based on skill level. These classifications can facilitate decision-making and resource allocation to counteract cybersecurity incidents. We look at two specific models of attacker risk and discuss empirical results from a prototype implementation of this modeling framework using real-world network data.
Hospital Ownership Type and Innovation: The Case of Electronic Medical Records Adoption:

Nonprofit and for-profit firms coexist in many industries, with the hospital sector being one of the most predominant examples. This article explores whether nonprofit hospitals are more likely to make expensive investments with uncertain returns and potential public good value. Specifically, we estimate differences in the adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) by ownership structure. We find that nonprofit hospitals are 11 to 18 percentage points more likely to have installed advanced EMR systems than for-profit hospitals by 2012. Although we find little difference in the likelihood of meeting initial government requirements for the “meaningful use” of EMRs, we find that nonprofits are 12 percentage points more likely to reach more stringent meaningful use standards that began in 2014. That being said, nonprofit adoption rates decrease as for-profit market penetration rates increase, suggesting nonprofits are less likely to adopt an uncertain technology when facing more direct competition from for...
High-dose neutron irradiation performance of dielectric mirrors

The study presents the high-dose behavior of dielectric mirrors specifically engineered for radiation-tolerance: alternating layers of Al2O3/SiO2 and HfO2/SiO2 were grown on sapphire substrates and exposed to neutron doses of 1 and 4 dpa at 458 10K in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). In comparison to previously reported results, these higher doses of 1 and 4 dpa results in a drastic drop in optical reflectance, caused by a failure of the multilayer coating. HfO2/SiO2 mirrors failed completely when exposed to 1 dpa, whereas the reflectance of Al2O3/SiO2 mirrors reduced to 44%, eventually failing at 4 dpa. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of the Al2O3/SiO2 specimens showed SiO2 layer defects which increases size with irradiation dose. The typical size of each defect was 8 nm in 1 dpa and 42 nm in 4 dpa specimens. Buckling type delamination of the interface between the substrate and first layer was typically observed in both 1 and 4 dpa HfO2/SiO2 specimens. Composition changes across the layers were measured in high resolution scanning-TEM mode using energy dispersive spectroscopy. A significant interdiffusion between the film layers was observed in Al2O3/SiO2 mirror, though less evident in HfO2/SiO2 system. Lastly, the ultimate goal of this work ismore » the provide insight into the radiation-induced failure mechanisms of these mirrors.« less
The power of rhetoric: two healing movements.

Though we might suppose that our sensations are unaffected by the talk around us, the rhetoric surrounding a treatment can in fact color the experience of those having the treatment. So it is with both Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the 18th-century therapy that has been cited as its predecessor: mesmerism. In both cases, rhetoric itself is conscripted into the service of therapeutic ends. Reports of cures are advertised and celebrated in a way that builds the expectation and feeds the experience of more of the same. Precisely because they are rooted in and speak to their time and place, however, the efficacy of these therapies may be limited. An investigation of the kinship between the two healing movements — and the driving force of a movement is nothing other than rhetoric — throws light on possibly social sources of therapeutic efficacy.
A NORTH AMERICAN INITIATIVE FOR THE EVALUATION OF WATER AND WASTEWATER INSTRUMENTATION

ABSTRACT A not-for-profit organization has been formed in North America to evaluate instrumentation utilized in water and wastewater treatment facilities. The paper describes the organizational details; classes of members; working policies for selection of laboratory facilities and implementation of selection; conduct of evaluations; as well as reporting and funding programs adopted.
MEMBRANE NOISE AND EXCITABILITY

MACROCHAN is a program that simulates the macroscopic behavior of biological membranes from the microscopic properties of ion channels. We illustrate the use of this program by constructing nerve and heart action potentials from simple, stochastic models of K, Na, and Ca channels. MACROCHAN is available on request.
Contemporary Surgical Management and Outcomes for Anal Melanoma: A National Cancer Database Analysis.

Anal melanoma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. Limited data are available regarding oncologic outcomes during the last decade and surgical practice patterns. This study aimed to investigate survival and operative oncologic outcomes for patients with anal melanoma. The National Cancer Database (2004–2013) was used to identify patients with nonmetastatic anal melanoma who underwent surgical treatment. The primary outcome was overall survival. The study enrolled 439 patients in the local excision group and 214 patients in the abdominoperineal resection (APR) group. The patients in the APR group were older (70 vs 65 years; p < 0.001) and had larger tumors (40 vs 25 mm; p < 0.001). After resection, the APR patients were more likely to have positive lymph nodes (65.7% vs 12.5%; p < 0.001) and less likely to have positive margins (10% vs 29.8%; p < 0.001). Overall survival did not differ significantly between the APR and local excision patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–1.01; p = 0.06). The patients undergoing local excision showed was a significant survival advantage for those with negative margins (HR, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.53–0.93; p = 0.009). Among the patients undergoing APR, a significant survival advantage was observed for those with negative nodes (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35–0.69; p = 0.002) and negative margins (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15–0.77; p < 0.001). The overall survival of anal melanoma patients is similar after local excision and APR. Patients with positive margins, positive lymph nodes, or both have a significantly decreased overall survival.
Optimal Medical Therapy Prescribing Patterns and Disparities Identified in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes at an Academic Medical Center in an Area with High Coronary Heart Disease-Related Mortality.

Coronary heart disease (CHD)-related mortality is high in the southern United States. A five-drug pharmacotherapy regimen for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), defined as optimal medical therapy (OMT), can decrease CHD-related mortality. Studies have indicated that OMT is prescribed 50–60% of the time. Assessment of prescribing could provide insight into the potential etiology of disparate mortality. The aim was to evaluate prescribing of OMT at discharge in patients presenting with an ACS event at an academic medical center and identify patients at risk of not receiving OMT. A single-center, retrospective cohort of patients with ACS diagnosis between July 2013 and July 2015 was investigated, and a multivariable regression analysis conducted to identify populations at risk of not receiving OMT. A total of 864 patients were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes, with 533 excluded and 331 analyzed. OMT was prescribed in 69.79%. Patients ≥ 75 years of age [p = 0.003; odds ratio (OR) 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.136–0.673], unstable angina presentation (p = 0.042; OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.307–0.977), and surgical management (p = 0.001; OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.095–0.519) were less likely to receive OMT. The percentage of patients prescribed OMT exceeded the reported global percentage of prescribed OMT. However, disparities exist among specific populations.
Image Mapping through Metadata

Image metadata is an important piece of information in any digital investigation process. It can tell you information about where a picture was taken, what time it was taken, what device took the picture, and so much more. In this research paper we have designed and developed a java application to help aid investigators by pulling relevant metadata out of a set of images inside a folder. Once this metadata was retrieved, we displayed it in a user friendly fashion with the goal being to help an investigator draw insight into the pictures that were taken. One method for helping insight be drawn easier was implementing the google maps API in a javafx front end.
Role Reversal in the Cyclocondensation of Cyclopentadiene with Heterodienophiles Derived from Arylamines and Aldehydes: Synthesis of Novel Tetrahydroquinolines.

Benzylamine hydrochloride (I) reacts with formaldehyde (II) and cyclopentadiene (IV) to give the Diels-Alder cycloadduct (V) via the intermediate iminium chloride (III).
Artificial intelligence for materials discovery

Continued progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and associated demonstrations of superhuman performance have raised the expectation that AI can revolutionize scientific discovery in general and materials science specifically. We illustrate the success of machine learning (ML) algorithms in tasks ranging from machine vision to game playing and describe how existing algorithms can also be impactful in materials science, while noting key limitations for accelerating materials discovery. Issues of data scarcity and the combinatorial nature of materials spaces, which limit application of ML techniques in materials science, can be overcome by exploiting the rich scientific knowledge from physics and chemistry using additional AI techniques such as reasoning, planning, and knowledge representation. The integration of these techniques in materials-intelligent systems will enable AI governance of the scientific method and autonomous scientific discovery.