cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GOBINEAU, RACISM, AND LEGITIMISM: A ROYALIST HERETIC IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE

The work of Arthur de Gobineau has presented scholars with a number of interpretive problems concerning his status as a race theorist, his place in the history of racial thought, and the influence of his work on subsequent thinkers. This essay addresses the particularly vexing issue of the origins of Gobineau's racism from the perspective of his affiliation with French royalists in the 1840s and challenges the existing scholarship on the derivation of L'Essai sur l'inegalite des races humaines by placing the Essai in the context of his international experience as a member of the French diplomatic corps. Although disillusioned with legitimist politics during the July Monarchy, Gobineau never abandoned his youthful ideological priorities. From the perspective of his royalist past, the Essai appears as part of an extended rumination on the decadence of the French aristocracy and its failure to stem the tide of revolution and bureaucratic centralization. As such, Gobineau's racism can best be understood as a royalist heresy rather than a continuation of his aristocratic elitism or a clean break with his earlier preoccupations.
Switchboard: secure, monitored connections for client-server communication

Prolonged secure communication requires trust relationships that extend throughout a connection's life cycle. Current tools to establish secure connections such as SSL/TLS and SSH authenticate PKI identities, validate credentials and authorize a trust relationship at the time a connection is established, but do not monitor the trust relationship thereafter To maintain security over the duration of a prolonged connection, we extend the semantics of SSL to support continuous monitoring of a credential's liveness and the trust relationships that authorize it. Our implementation isolates trust management into a pluggable trust authorization module. We also present an initial design for a host-level secure communication resource that provides secure channels for multiple connections.
On integrating water yield models with forest planning efforts

Forest planners provide decision makers with a wide array of information for making strategic decisions across broad landscapes. While wildlife and fisheries habitat concerns have strongly influenced the management of national forests over the past decade, the quantity and quality of water is now becoming one of the top priorities. Competition for downstream use of water and instream flows required to maintain or improve aquatic habitat conditions, suggest that the US Forest Service considers water yields to be an important measure of output from new forest plans. While significant research has been focused on the development of hydrologic models, the challenge is to now apply what has been learned to policy analysis. And when assessing a resource that moves across a landscape, a multi-ownership perspective may be needed. This paper describes the main aspects of water yield models and thoughts regarding the challenges planners and policy makers may face when integrating them with forest planning models.
Prolonged psychosis with first-rank symptoms following metrizamide myelography

Since its introduction in 1969,' metrizamide has become a widely used radiographic contrast agent for intrathecal vi­ sualization of CNS structures. The incidence of major ad­ verse side effects following its use is relatively low, but mental status changes are far more common than with ear­ lier agents. U Confusion, diminished attention, disorienta­ tion, anxiety and depression, incoherent speech, and per­ ceptual aberrations (including visual and auditory halluci­ nations) have been described. J.6 Typically, these side effects are short-lived, rarely lasting longer than a few days. This report describes an unusually prolonged change in menta­ tion accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, and a chor­ eiform movement disorder that began following a metriza­ mide myelogram. The organic psychosyndrome was unique in that it was dominated by Schneiderian first-rank symp­ toms.
Do reductions in brain N-acetylaspartate levels contribute to the etiology of some neuropsychiatric disorders?

N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is recognized as a noninvasive diagnostic neuronal marker for a host of neuropsychiatric disorders using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Numerous correlative clinical studies have found significant decreases in NAA levels in specific neuronal systems in an array of neuropsychiatric and substanceabuse disorders. We have recently identified the methamphetamine-induced neuronal protein known as “shati” as the NAA biosynthetic enzyme (aspartate Nacetyltransferase [Asp-NAT]; gene Nat8l). We have generated an Nat8l transgenic knockout mouse line to study the functions of NAA in the nervous system. We were unable to breed homozygous Nat8l knockout mice successfully for study and so used the heterozygous mice (Nat8l 1/2 ) for initial characterization. MRS analysis of the Nat8l 1/2 mice indicated significant reductions in NAA in cortex (238%) and hypothalamus (229%) compared with wild-type controls, which was confirmed using HPLC (229% in forebrain). The level of the neuromodulator N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), which is synthesized from NAA, was decreased by 12% in forebrain as shown by HPLC. Behavioral analyses of the heterozygous animals indicated normal behavior in most respects but reduced vertical activity in open-field tests compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type mice of the same strain. Nat8l 1/2 mice also showed atypical locomotor responses to methamphetamine administration, suggesting that NAA is involved in modulating the hyperactivity effect of methamphetamine. These observations add to accumulating evidence suggesting that NAA has specific regulatory functional roles in mesolimbic and prefrontal neuronal pathways either directly or indirectly through impact on NAAG synthesis. V C 2013
Servant Leadership Trends Impact on 21st Century Business

Servant Leadership (SL) has been in the forefront of business theory for the past decade and yet has been slightly utilized to describe and analyze specific areas of the concerns of business today. This study will attempt to apply the theories of Servant Leadership to the concerns of outsourcing, internet-related business and the trends associated with the Baby Boomer generation.
Senior medical student "Boot Camp": can result in increased self-confidence before starting surgery internships.

Objective Surgical residents often begin the internship without prerequisite skills necessary for appropriate patient care. The purpose of this study was to develop a surgical internship readiness elective or senior medical student (SMS) “Boot Camp” for fourth-year medical students to prepare them for the rigors of surgery internship. Design Sixteen fourth-year medical students completed a series of clinical and didactic sessions over a 4-week elective. Students evaluated the effectiveness of the elective with a pre- and post-survey that focused on confidence levels in 4 areas: anatomic dissection, administrative skills, technical skills, and patient management. Students also participated in a focus group session that identified strengths and weaknesses of the elective. Students were also assessed on performance by anesthesiology faculty in the mock patient code and by nursing faculty in mock nursing page sessions. Results Upon completion of the elective, students rated themselves as more confident in all 57 categories on the survey. During the focus group session, students identified several strengths of the elective and offered recommendations for improvements in the elective. Conclusion The SMS “Boot Camp” gave fourth-year medical students confidence and an opportunity to develop necessary prerequisite skills to begin the surgery internship.
Virtual Emotions, No Feelings

The project ‘Mapping Virtual Emotions: 3D-surface capturing of animated facial expressions in animals and humans’ adopts an interdisciplinary and practical approach to explore the original overall research question and the study of human emotions, and in particular how we project those onto animals. The data capturing of the animal and human faces was done at two places in different stages. I started with the protable laser scanner from the SCIRIA research uit, University of the Arts London to get data from stuffed animals, and then additional photogrammatic scanning was undertaken at the Molecular Medicine Unit, UCL, to capture the human face and its expressions. As suggesed in my original proposal, I have studied theories of emotions through the work of Damasio, Darwin, Ekman and LeDoux, Paul Ekman’s work was particularly releant to the study of huma facial expressions, while I returned to Darwin (and Ekman’s commentary on Darwin’s book “The expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals’, from 1872) for details on animal facial expressions.
Evaluation of Photographic Emulsions for Low-Exposure-Imaging

The present generation of high resolution, fixed beam transmission electron microscopes is well capable of resolving spatial detail of 3 A resolution in the axial Illumination, bright field image mode [1]. However, the structural information that can be obtained from images of biological specimens is presently limited to 7 A resolution [2,3]. This limitation is due in the first instance to specimen damage that is caused by the irradiating electrons [4].
Tumor necrosis factor-α impairs contraction but not relaxation in carotid arteries from iNOS-deficient mice

We used mice deficient in expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS −/−) to directly examine the role of iNOS in impaired vasoconstrictor responses following tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In iNO...
Contributors to the Journal of Real Estate Research: The First Twenty Years

This study reports on the development of the Journal of Real Estate Research (JRER) in terms of the individual and institutional contributing sources of its published research. The study is based o...
MEMS-Enabled Scalable Silicon Photonic Switches

Large-scale integrated photonic switches (50x50 and 64x64) have been realized by combining silicon photonics with efficient MEMS switching mechanisms. These switches are based on passive crossbar architecture, which is fundamentally more scalable than other switches.
Inferior Vena Cava Filters, May-Thurner Syndrome, and Vein Stents.

### What Is an IVC Filter? What Is Its Purpose? Patients who have a blood clot in their leg, referred to as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), are at risk of the clot breaking off and traveling toward the lung. It gets to the lung via the big vein in the abdomen (Figure 1), called the inferior vena cava (IVC). The traveling clot is called an embolus. Once it reaches the lung (after having passed through the right chambers of the heart) and becomes lodged in the lung, it is called a pulmonary embolism (PE). A filter can be inserted into the IVC (Figure 1) to catch and trap a traveling clot, preventing it from reaching the lung. Such filters used to be called Greenfield filters, but a variety of differently shaped filters now exist, so a more generic and better term is IVC filter. Filters can be nonremovable and thus are permanent, or they can be removable and thus can be left in for only a few weeks or months. Figure 1. The main image shows a filter in the big vein in the abdomen, preventing a clot that breaks off a deep vein thrombosis from reaching the lung. The traveling clot gets caught in the filter, thus protecting the lung. Some filters have a hook at their top (oval inset), allowing them to be removed with a catheter once they are not needed any more; these are called removable or transient inferior vena cava filters. ### How Is an IVC Filter Placed? Filters are typically placed by a radiologist or vascular surgeon or cardiologist through a vein in either the neck or the groin and then deployed via a catheter into the correct position in the IVC (Figure 1). The placement itself is relatively straightforward and takes only 10 to 15 minutes. Together with preparations, the procedure may take 30 to 45 minutes; it can be done as …
Ethanol and Air Quality: Influence of Fuel Ethanol Content on Emissions and Fuel Economy of Flexible Fuel Vehicles

Engine-out and tailpipe emissions of NOx, CO, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), nonmethane organic gases (NMOG), total hydrocarbons (THC), methane, ethene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, ethanol, N2O, and NH3 from a 2006 model year Mercury Grand Marquis flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) operating on E0, E10, E20, E30, E40, E55, and E80 on a chassis dynamometer are reported. With increasing ethanol content in the fuel, the tailpipe emissions of ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, methane, and ammonia increased; NOx and NMHC decreased; while CO, ethene, and N2O emissions were not discernibly affected. NMOG and THC emissions displayed a pronounced minimum with midlevel (E20–E40) ethanol blends; 25–35% lower than for E0 or E80. Emissions of NOx decreased by approximately 50% as the ethanol content increased from E0 to E30–E40, with no further decrease seen with E55 or E80. We demonstrate that emission trends from FFVs are explained by fuel chemistry and engine calibration effects. Fuel chemistry effects are fundamental...
From Google to MedlinePlus: The wide range of authoritative health information provision in public libraries

Abstract Public library staff throughout the United States are providing assistance on a variety of health topics. To better understand health information provision in this setting, unobtrusive visits were completed in a total of 73 randomly selected sites in three different states. The query, “Do vaccines cause autism?” was posed to library staff. In 59% of encounters, material provided did not answer the question. In more than half of visits, public library staff referred to the libraries' print collections, and 69% of the time when print was provided it did not answer the question or it addressed the question with information contradictory to prevailing medical evidence. Referral was made to electronic resources in a quarter of visits, with answers ranging from “Just Google it” to “MedlinePlus is my favorite go-to”. When staff referred to or used electronic resources, authoritative medical information on the topic was supplied 79% of the time. It appears that there was no standardization on handling health queries in most libraries that were visited. Given public libraries are trusted institutions providing community access to health information, it is imperative that staff are using appropriate health information tools which are readily and freely available.
Interactive effects of metal pollution and ocean acidification on physiology of marine organisms

Changes in the global environment such as ocean acidification (OA) may interact with anthropogenic pollutants in- cluding trace metals threatening the integrity of marine ecosystems. We analyze recent studies on the interactive effects of OA and trace metals on marine organisms with a focus on the physiological basis of these interactions. Our analysis shows that the responses to elevated CO2 and metals are strongly dependent on the species, developmental stage, metal biochemistry and the degree of environmental hypercapnia, and cannot be directly predicted from the CO2-induced changes in metal solubility and speciation. The key physiological functions affected by both the OA and trace metal exposures involve acid-base regulation, pro- tein turnover and mitochondrial bioenergetics, reflecting the sensitivity of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways to CO2 and metals. Physiological interactions between elevated CO2 and metals may impact the organisms' capacity to maintain ac- id-base homeostasis and reduce the amount of energy available for fitness-related functions such as growth, development and re- production thereby affecting survival and performance of estuarine populations. Environmental hypercapnia may also affect the marine food webs by altering predator-prey interactions and the trophic transfer of metals in the food chain. However, our under- standing of the degree to which these effects can impact the function and integrity of marine ecosystems is limited due the scar- city of the published research and its bias towards certain taxonomic groups. Future research priorities should include studies of metal x PCO2 interactions focusing on critical physiological functions (including acid-base, protein and energy homeostasis) in a greater range of ecologically and economically important marine species, as well as including the field populations naturally ex- posed (and potentially adapted) to different levels of metals and CO2 in their environments (Current Zoology 61 (4): 653-668,
Advanced Application of Lightning Location System in Jiangxi Power Grid

This article introduces the basic principle and configuration of lightning location system and its application in Jiangxi power system.The lightning short message model based on Short Message Service technology,realizes the function by cell phone short message to inquire lightning information,enhances the efficiency of searching lightning in Jiangxi power system,and achieves good result;in actual demand of Jiangxi power system,the lightning parameter statistic model was built on ArcGIS Engine platform,offered a way to the lightning research,based on this model,this article explored the law of lightning activities in Jiangxi power grid.
Directed Evolution of FLS2 towards Novel Flagellin Peptide Recognition

Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are molecules, or domains within molecules, that are conserved across microbial taxa and can be recognized by a plant or animal immune system. Although MAMP receptors have evolved to recognize conserved epitopes, the MAMPs in some microbial species or strains have diverged sufficiently to render them unrecognizable by some host immune systems. In this study, we carried out in vitro evolution of the Arabidopsis thaliana flagellin receptor FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) to isolate derivatives that recognize one or more flagellin peptides from bacteria for which the wild-type Arabidopsis FLS2 confers little or no response. A targeted approach generated amino acid variation at FLS2 residues in a region previously implicated in flagellin recognition. The primary screen tested for elevated response to the canonical flagellin peptide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, flg22. From this pool, we then identified five alleles of FLS2 that confer modest (quantitatively partial) recognition of an Erwinia amylovora flagellin peptide. Use of this Erwinia-based flagellin peptide to stimulate Arabidopsis plants expressing the resulting FLS2 alleles did not lead to a detectable reduction of virulent P. syringae pv. tomato growth. However, combination of two identified mutations into a single allele further increased FLS2-mediated responses to the E. amylovora flagellin peptide. These studies demonstrate the potential to raise the sensitivity of MAMP receptors toward particular targets.
Chemical Reactions as Petite Rendezvous : the use of Metaphor in Materials Science Education

Every time we communicate our science, we are involuntarily involved in an educational activity, affecting the listeners' methodology and motivation. In a beautiful metaphor, late Nobel Laureate, Richard E. Smalley compared interacting atoms and molecules to boys and girls falling in love. Elaborated and exemplified with a couple of entertaining analogies in this discourse is the effectiveness of the use of metaphors in illustrating scientific concepts to both scientific novices and peers. Human brain has been considered to be a complex neural circuitry for the computation of metaphors, which explains the naturalness of their usage, especially when solid arguments could be given in support of the thesis that scientific imagery in general presents a collection of mathematically operable metaphors. On top of this, knowledge could be enriched through logic alone, but new concepts could be learned only through analogies. The greater pervasion of metaphors in scientific presentations could boost their inspirational potential, make the audience more attentive and receptive to their contents, and, finally, expand their educational prospect and enable their outreach to a far broader audience than it has been generally accomplished.
Headaches in the Athlete

Headache is one of the most common entities to affect mankind. In addition to headaches seen in the general population, there are numerous types of headaches that are related to physical activity and sports. This article discusses the mechanism, presentation, evaluation, treatment, and prevention of the most common causes of headache in the athlete.
Benzalkonium chloride: A known irritant and novel allergen

Background Benzalkonium chloride (BAK), a detergent and preservative found in health care and household products, is an established irritant, yet BAK is seldom considered to cause allergic contact dermatitis. We have, however, observed positive patch test reactions more often than is typically reported. From 2001 through 2005 and 2006 through 2010, BAK was among the top 10 most frequent allergens in our standard series. Objective The aim of this study was to review the Mayo Clinic experience from 2000 to 2012 with patch testing to BAK. Methods An electronic patch test database was used to acquire results of patients who underwent patch testing for BAK 0.1% aqueous after it was introduced to the standard series in 2000 until 2012. Previous reports (1998-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2010) from our institution were also reviewed. Conclusions Our study showed BAK to be an allergen of increasing importance. From 1998 through 2000, 2001 through 2005, and 2006 through 2010, the rate of allergic patch test results to BAK increased. More than half of the reactions in each period studied were graded as macular erythema, with at least one third of all reactions deemed to be relevant. Irritancy rates were consistently low.
Inkjet printed carbon nanotubes in short channel field effect transistors: Influence of nanotube distortion and gate insulator interface modification

We report on the effects of mechanical distortion and gate insulator-semiconductor interface modification on the electronic transport characteristics of inkjet printed short channel length single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transistors with Al2O3 top gate insulators. In these transistors, which are typically ambipolar, the average nanotube length is greater than the source-drain (S/D) spacing resulting in individual SWCNTs spanning the entire channel length. Mechanical distortion of the nanotubes due to bending near source and drain contacts when they are not recessed is found to suppress electron transport and transform the ambipolar transistors into p-type devices. Inclusion of printed interfacial polymer layers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) between the SWCNTs and Al2O3 also results in p-type doping and reductions in electron transport. We discuss mechanisms responsible for these effects.
Impact of auto-grading on an introductory computing course

This project presents and assesses the impact of a pedagogical tool, called Bottlenose, deployed in an introductory Computer Science course. Bottlenose is a web-based framework that accepts student submissions and presents immediate feedback. Students may submit any number of times before the assignment due date. We expect them to use the feedback from previous submissions to improve their subsequent submissions. We compared student behavior on assignments against previous semesters, which used the same assignments, but with no automated feedback system. We observed that students, when using the feedback system, make more submissions per assignment, indicating that students were leveraging feedback to improve their programs.
Nutrition Management of Home Parenteral Nutrition Among Patients With Enterocutaneous Fistula in the Sustain Registry

BACKGROUND Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a vital therapy for patients who have the diagnosis of enterocutaneous fistula (ECF), yet little is known about how these patients are managed. This research compares nutrition management of adults with ECF as the indication for HPN therapy to those with other indications. METHODS This is an analysis of data from adult HPN patients in the Sustain registry enrolled between August 2011 and February 2014 who have the diagnosis of ECF or other indication for HPN who served as the control group. Differences between the ECF and control group were assessed by t test, analysis of variance, or χ2 as appropriate. RESULTS There were 141 HPN patients with ECF and 632 control patients. Patients with ECF were older (55 vs 50 years, P < .001), more frequently had a goal for future surgery (30% vs 15%, P = .010), had greater prevalence of overweight/obesity (33% vs 20%, P = .04), and had a lower serum albumin (2.98 ± 0.65 g/dL vs 3.16 ± 0.66 g/dL, P = .006) than controls. The diet order was more frequently nil per os (NPO) in patients with ECF (48% vs 22%, P < .001), and amino acid content of HPN was greater (111.90 ± 29.11 vs 102.06 ± 27.84, P < .001) than in controls. There were no differences in patterns of weight change by ECF or control groups, although underweight patients gained, normal-weight patients maintained, and overweight/obese patients lost weight and serum albumin increased similarly. CONCLUSIONS The HPN management of patients with ECF is similar to other HPN patients other than greater provision of protein, more frequent NPO status, and a goal for future surgery.
Validation of a Prediction Model for Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery Reveals Unexpected Success in a Diverse American Population

Objective To investigate the validity of a prediction model for success of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) in an ethnically diverse population. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of women admitted at a single academic institution for a trial of labor after cesarean from May 2007 to January 2015. Individual predicted success rates were calculated using the Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network prediction model. Participants were stratified into three probability-of-success groups: low ( 65%). The actual versus predicted success rates were compared. Results In total, 568 women met inclusion criteria. Successful VBAC occurred in 402 (71%), compared with a predicted success rate of 66% (p = 0.016). Actual VBAC success rates were higher than predicted by the model in the low (57 vs. 29%; p Conclusion When the predicted success rate was above 65%, the model was highly accurate. In contrast, for women with predicted success rates
Fiduciary law’s mixed messages

Nearly a century ago, Judge Benjamin Cardozo famously declared that fiduciaries bear a "duty of the finest loyalty" that is "unbending and inveterate" and "stricter than the morals of the marketplace." Some legal scholars argue today that Cardozo's uncompromising formulation of the duty of loyalty should be consigned to the ashbin of history because it does not accurately capture how courts enforce the duty in practice. Although courts routinely invoke Cardozo's famous dictum, they rarely hold that a fiduciary has violated the duty of loyalty absent an unauthorized conflict of interest or other flagrant abuse of power. To skeptics, these features of judicial practice suggest that Cardozo's moralistic rhetoric is a misleading distraction that should be abandoned in the interests of promoting precision and transparency. This Chapter draws on republican legal theory to propose a fresh justification for the divergence between fiduciary law's strict requirements for fiduciary conduct and its more deferential standards for judicial review. Fiduciary law's "unbending and inveterate" legal requirements are necessary to affirm that fiduciaries lack authority to dominate their principals and beneficiaries. But courts should defer to fiduciary decisions in contexts where judicial intervention is more susceptible to arbitrariness—and, hence, more dominating—than fiduciary decision-making alone. In particular, the degree of deference courts accord to fiduciary decisions should turn on two considerations: (1) whether or not the fiduciary has been entrusted with discretionary power to decide the relevant issue; and (2) whether the fiduciary or the judiciary is in a better position to resolve the relevant issue in a manner that tracks the principal’s purposes and the beneficiary’s best interests. Guided by these considerations, the Chapter outlines a general framework for determining when courts should apply strong deference, weak deference, or de novo review to fiduciary decisions.
A Systematic Review and Framework for the Use of Hormone Therapy with Salvage Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Abstract Context Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is a standard of care for men who recur postprostatectomy, and recent randomized trials have assessed the benefit and toxicity of adding hormone therapy (HT) to SRT with differing results. Objective To perform a systematic review of randomized phase III trials of the use of SRT ± HT and generate a framework for the use of HT with SRT. Evidence acquisition Systematic literature searches were conducted on February 15, 2017 in three databases (MEDLINE [via PubMed], EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov) for human-only randomized clinical trials from January 30, 1990, through January 30, 2017. Only two randomized trials met all inclusion criteria. Evidence synthesis Overall survival benefits from HT were found in one trial, which was limited to when follow-up extended to ≥10 yr, pre-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥0.7 ng/ml, or when higher Gleason grade or positive margins were present. Both trials demonstrated a benefit from HT in men with higher pre-SRT PSAs. Three prognostic factors appeared to discriminate improvements in meaningful clinical endpoints (eg, distant metastasis or survival): pre-SRT PSA, Gleason score, and margin status. Two years of bicalutamide monotherapy resulted in higher rates of gynecomastia with a trend for worse survival when given in favorable risk patients, and 6 mo of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonist therapy resulted in higher rates of hot flashes and long-term hypertension. Conclusions Similar to the selective use of HT with radiotherapy in localized prostate cancer, not all patients appear to derive a meaningful benefit from HT with SRT. Patient, tumor, and treatment factors must be considered when recommending the use of HT with SRT. Knowledge gaps exist in the level 1 data regarding the optimal duration and type of HT, as well as the ability to use predictive biomarkers to personalize the use of HT with SRT. Important clinical trials (RADICALS and NRG GU-006) are aimed to answer these questions. Patient summary In this report, we performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the benefit and harm of adding hormone therapy to salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for recurrent prostate cancer. We found that the benefit of hormone therapy varied by important prognostic factors, including pre-SRT prostate-specific antigen, Gleason grade, and surgical margin status. Our group then developed a framework on how best to utilize hormone therapy with SRT.
Effects of grammatical roles and topicality on Vietnamese referential form production

We conducted two studies on the use of null and overt pronouns and noun phrases in Vietnamese, with a focus on referentsâ€™ grammatical roles, grammatical parallelism and topicality. Vietnamese overt pronouns differ from English-type languages as they also function as kin terms. The first study investigated narratives and finds that referential form choice is influenced by the grammatical role and grammatical position of the antecedent: When the subject of the current clause refers to the subject of the preceding clause (subject parallelism), we find a high rate of (null and overt) pronouns. Lack of parallelism triggers mostly NPs. When the object of the current clause refers to the object of the preceding clause (object parallelism), we also find more pronouns than in non-parallel cases. Interestingly, null pronouns only occur in parallel cases. Crucially, we find no clear differences in the distribution of null vs. overt pronouns, suggesting that grammatical roles and parallelism have the same effects on both pronoun types. Using passivization to manipulate topicality, Experiment 2 further investigated the null vs. overt pronoun choice and found that pronouns are strongly preferred for topicalized subjects in passives and that null pronouns exhibit a stronger sensitivity to topicality than overt pronouns. To our knowledge, these experiments are the first experimental investigation of a kin-term-based pronoun system.
Cliticization and Abstract Case Assignment in Spanish

Building on recent work that argues in favor of a return to movement analyses for clitics (Uriagereka & Raposo 2005, Boeckx & Gallego 2008, Roberts 2010, 2012; Gallego 2016), this paper explains why object clitics need to engage in probe/goal relations with agreeing verbs to value their Case features. A Case‐based account within Phase Theory (cf. Chomsky 2000, 2001, 2008) allows us to account for previously difficult to explain intervention and other displacement effects associated with these elements, and it also predicts clitic placement in a wide variety of ECM and causative constructions. Clitics in these constructions are sensitive to the timing and location of Case‐assigning mechanisms on the finite embedding verb, highlighting the importance of Case theory in deriving ‘raising to object’ phenomena in Spanish.
Tailoring corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Ni/WC surface by adding rare earth elements

The corrosion is a major limiting factor for steel in the harsh environments and can be controlled by depositing protective passive coatings. Nickel-based alloy cladding of steel offers a solution by enabling better wear and corrosion resistance, and high bonding strength. The laser surface cladding of steel was conducted using a high-power direct diode laser. Layers of tungsten carbide in Ni (40% Ni-60% WC) combined with 1 and 2% lanthanum oxide (La2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) were deposited on ASTM A36 steel substrate. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the morphology, microstructure, and phase evaluation of the cladded layer. Further, anodic polarization on the laser-cladded coupons in 3.5 wt% NaCl shows significant enhancement of the corrosion resistance. The addition of La2O3 and CeO2 improves the corrosion resistance and the hardness of the clad.
Renormalization Group Approach to Dynamic Critical Phenomena

In these lectures I want to discuss the recent developments in dynamic critical phenomena using renormalization group techniques. An attractive feature of this topic is that it brings together ideas from several areas of theoretical physics. We will discuss the renormalization group ideas which have their roots in quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of phase transformations and the principles of non-equilibrium transport phenomena. I hope to show how these principles can be amalgamated into a single theory describing time dependent processes in systems near second order phase transitions. The theory I will discuss not only leads to a good description of dynamics of phase transitions but has suggested new ideas in treating the frontier problems of turbulence1 and spinodal decomposition. 2
APPLICATION OF SYSTEM RELIABILITY ANALYSIS TO FLOOD FORECASTING

The decision making process regarding the issuance of flood watches and warnings often relies on the use of real-time flood forecasting models for watersheds. The floods predicted by these models are subject to uncertainties which may be significant for efficient operation of flood warning and preparedness systems. System reliability analysis offers a means to account for the uncertainties in the flood forecast in the form of occurrence probabilities for any flood level of interest. In this paper the advanced first-order second moment (AFOSM) reliability analysis method is used to analyze the uncertainties in a rainfall-runoff flood frequency model proposed by Eagleson (1972) and extended by Wood (1976) for an analytical derivation of the expected flood exceedance probability considering parameter uncertainty. Comparison of the results shows that the AFOSM method is a viable, reasonable, and practical method useful for hydrologic problems subject to uncertainties.
Tobacco and the Body

With each investigation of tobacco use, the question always arises: Why would anyone still smoke? Smoking is not a survival or essential behavior. Smoking is, without any question, neurobiologically and psychologically addicting. It is socially unacceptable and becoming more so. As “users” of tobacco, smokers find themselves an ostracized minority, like current cocaine, marijuana, or heroin users.
A Limited Area Model for the Gulf Stream Region

Abstract Studies of eddy/mean flow interactions in basin-scale, eddy-resolving numerical models have been carried out for a decade or so. Recently, as a result of a need for better vertical and horizontal resolution, a new generation of models designed to accomplish calculations in limited areas of a basin, models with open boundary conditions, have begun to be developed. These models have been applied to the Gulf Stream region, to the Agulhas Current, to the Brazil/Falklands Current confluence region, and to the Tasman Sea region. These results will be discussed, both in terms of “physics” of these energetic western boundary current regions and in terms of the “numerics” associated with very fine resolution and with open boundary conditions. The most ambitious undertaking of this kind by the author and his colleagues has been a very fine resolution model study of the Gulf Stream region from Cape Hatteras to the Grand Banks and bordered on the north and south by boundaries at 50 and 25 Degrees North respectively. The Gulf Stream enters the region of interest as a western boundary current with a certain specified inflow. The flow exits the region by way of open boundaries on the east, north, and south. Various possible boundary conditions have been tried and the implications of these for interior physical behavior examined. In particular, the nature of Gulf Stream meander processes and the role of important bottom relief in the region are discussed.
Antecedent soil water content and vapor pressure deficit interactively control water potential in Larrea tridentata

Plant water potential Ψ is regulated by stomatal responses to atmospheric moisture demand D and soil water availability W, but the timescales of influence and interactions between these drivers of plant Ψ are poorly understood. Here, we quantify the effects of antecedent D and W on plant Ψ in the desert shrub Larrea tridentata. Repeated measurements of plant baseline water potential ΨB and diurnal water potential ΨD were analyzed in a Bayesian framework to evaluate the influence of antecedent D and W at daily and subdaily timescales. Both ΨB and ΨD exhibited negative, 2- to 4-d lagged responses to daily-scale D; conversely, plant ΨD responded almost instantaneously to subdaily D, though the direction of this response depended on antecedent moisture conditions. Plant ΨB and ΨD responded positively and immediately (no lag) to shallow W, which contrasts the negative, lagged (6-7 d) response to deep W. The changing sensitivity of ΨD to subdaily D highlights shifting modes of plant Ψ regulation: D effects on ΨD range from negative to neutral to positive depending on past conditions and time of day. Explicit consideration of antecedent conditions across multiple timescales can reveal important complexities in plant responses.
Metalloenzyme Mimicry at the Nodes of Metal-Organic Frameworks

In this issue of Chem, Dinca and co-workers show that the node of the metal-organic framework MFU-4l can be modified by anion exchange to serve as a biomimetic model of carbonic anhydrase given the similarity in their ligand fields. The resulting material, which has reactivity characteristics of the enzyme, gives great promise for CO2-related applications.
An Open Road Evaluation of a Self-Driving Vehicle Human–Machine Interface Designed for Visually Impaired Users

Fully autonomous or “self-driving” vehicles are an emerging technology that may hold tremendous mobility potential for individuals who are visually impaired who have been previously disadvantaged b...
236) Functional and Genetic Dissection of Central Amygdala Neurons Underlying Sensory and Aversive Components of Itch

Itch is defined as an unpleasant sensation that evokes a desire to scratch. The supraspinal mechanisms that are engaged in itch processing are largely unknown. Here we took an unbiased approach using immediate early gene (cFos) mapping for precise dissection of brain circuits that mediate itch processing. These studies identified the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) as a region robustly engaged during itch/scratching. To explore this directly, we recorded real time calcium dynamics using fiber photometry in freely behaving mice and found that scratching led to robust increase in CeA neuronal activity in animals exposed to pruritic stimuli. To gain genetic access to CeA neurons that are engaged in itch processing, we used activity-dependent genetic labeling of neurons that are activated by pruritic stimuli. We manipulated the activity of these itch responsive neurons in the CeA using optogenetics or chemogenetics to study the role of these neurons in pruritus. We found that activation of itch responsive neurons in the CeA induced itch-like behaviors as well as robust real time place aversion, while inhibiting these neurons reduced itch-like behaviors. Transcriptional profiling of these itch-responsive CeA neurons identified a number of genes that encode neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and receptors that will enable a detailed understanding of the molecular phenotype of these neurons and how these CeA neurons form part of the network that relays real-time information about the both sensory and affective aspects of itch.
The Many Roles of Cohesin in Drosophila Gene Transcription.

The cohesin protein complex mediates sister chromatid cohesion to ensure accurate chromosome segregation, and also influences gene transcription in higher eukaryotes. Modest deficits in cohesin function that do not alter chromosome segregation cause significant birth defects. The mechanisms by which cohesin participates in gene regulation have been studied in Drosophila, revealing that it is involved in gene activation by transcriptional enhancers and epigenetic gene silencing mediated by Polycomb group proteins. Recent studies reveal that early DNA replication origins are important for determining which genes associate with cohesin, and suggest that cohesin at replication origins is important for establishing both sister chromatid cohesion and enhancer–promoter communication.
What is Revolution in the 21st Century? Towards a Socialist-Feminist World Revolution:

I consider prospects for revolution in the 21st century, defined here as a thorough-going world revolution that replaces the capitalist world-system with a feminist-inflected democratic socialism. ...
“Oh Dear, Yes!”: Mashing up Little Women, Vampires, and Werewolves

For a brief period that began in 2009 with Seth Grahame-Smith and Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, one could hardly escape the garish bookstore displays of horror mashups, featuring w...
A subjectivist’s guide to deterministic chance

I present an account of deterministic chance which builds upon the physico-mathematical approach to theorizing about deterministic chance known as the method of arbitrary functions. This approach promisingly yields deterministic probabilities which align with what we take the chances to be—it tells us that there is approximately a 1/2 probability of a spun roulette wheel stopping on black, and approximately a 1/2 probability of a flipped coin landing heads up—but it requires some probabilistic materials to work with. I contend that the right probabilistic materials are found in reasonable initial credence distributions. I note that, with some rather weak normative assumptions, the resulting account entails that deterministic chances obey a variant of Lewis’s ‘principal principle’. I additionally argue that deterministic chances, so understood, are capable of explaining long-run frequencies.
Dermatofibroma With Sebaceous Induction: Dermoscopic Clues to Improve Recognition.

Dermatofibromas (DFs) can manifest as atrophic, depressed papules on the upper trunk and proximal upper extremities. Histologically, DFs may demonstrate sebaceous induction in the upper dermis, particularly if they occur on the shoulder [1]. On dermoscopy, these glands are readily visible as discrete pale yellow clods, reminiscent of so-called “popcorn-like” structures present in sebaceous hyperplasia. However, this finding is rarely cited as a dermoscopic feature in DFs. Here we detail a series of DFs presenting as atrophic papules with dermoscopic findings of yellow clods.
The use of LCP-Tacrolimus (Envarsus XR) in simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplant recipients.

Abstract Background Extended release LCP-tacrolimus (LCPT) allows once-daily dosing in transplant recipients. The improved bioavailability may be beneficial for simultaneous pancreas-kidney recipients (SPK). Methods This is a study of 39 SPK recipients on standard immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-TAC, n = 21) or LCPT (n = 18). Coefficient of variability (CV = 100∗standard deviation/mean) was calculated to assess drug levels. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), tacrolimus and creatinine levels were measured postoperatively. Results There was no difference in tacrolimus CV in the IR-TAC and LCPT groups at 1 month or 3 months postoperatively; however, a greater difference was observed at 1 year (41.0 vs. 33.1%; p = 0.19). There were six episodes of acute rejection in the IR-TAC group compared to zero episodes in the LCPT group (p = 0.01). HbA1c was significantly higher in the IR-TAC group compared to LCPT at 3 (5.5 vs. 4.9%, p = 0.01), 6 (5.6 vs. 4.9%, p = 0.01) and 12 months (5.8 vs. 5.1%, p = 0.07). Conclusions Significantly lower rates of rejection were observed in patients receiving LCPT. The once daily dosing may facilitate medication adherence and result in improved long-term outcomes.
A Novel Metabolomics Risk Score Associated with Sex-Sifferences in Heart Failure

Introduction Men have worse mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), even after accounting for traditional risk factors. Hypothesis A metabolomics risk score, capturing the end-effect of sex-dependent karyotypic, genetic, hormonal and environmental influences, will attenuate the increased residual risk of mortality observed in males. Methods Metabolome-wide association study was performed in 187 HFrEF (EF Results There were 24 deaths (12.8%) during a median follow up of 782 [IQR 453, 1069] days in the DC. Males had a higher risk of mortality than females (adjusted HR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.43-10.27; p=0.01). Metabolites that met aforementioned criteria for inclusion in the MS were: Bilirubin, Uric Acid, Hypoxanthine, L-Tyrosine, Phenylpyruvate, Oleoylcarnitine and Linoelaidyl carnitine (Table 1A). MS was higher in men than in women (0.90 ± 4.76 vs -0.66 ± 4.97, p=0.03) and associated with mortality in men (adjusted HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.20-2.29, p Conclusions A metabolomics risk score representing the cardio-hepatic axis, purine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and the carnitine shuttle contributes to the increased residual risk of mortality in males with HFrEF.