cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term follow-up of patients treated with primary radiotherapy for supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

Abstract Objective: To assess disease control, patterns of relapse, factors predictive of relapse, and late effects of treatment, we reviewed all cases of supradiaphragmatic (SD) Hodgkin's disease (HD) treated with primary radiation therapy (RT) at our institution. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the disease characteristics, treatment history, and long-term outcome of the 106 patients with Stage I and II supradiaphragmatic HD who received definitive irradiation at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1970 and 1995. As of the date of analysis, 95 patients are alive, with a median follow-up of 13.3 years (range, 1.9–24.2 years). Results: The median age at diagnosis was 14.7 years (range, 3.7–22.7). Involved-field RT was given to 13 patients (12%), whereas 37 (35%) had mantle RT, 51 patients (48%) had subtotal nodal irradiation, and 5 (5%) had total nodal irradiation. Relapsed disease developed in 26 patients at a median of 1.8 years (range, 0.2–9.3 years). The 5- and 10-year estimated cumulative incidences of relapse were 20.9% ± 4.0% and 25.1% ± 4.3%, respectively. With a median dose of 36 Gy (range, 32–40), in-field failure rate was 6.2%, whereas subdiaphragmatic relapse in sites irradiated prophylactically was 1.5%. There was a trend toward an increased incidence of relapse with higher ESR ( p = 0.088) and greater number of sites of disease ( p = 0.087). Age, stage, histology, nodal disease ≥6 cm, the presence of bulky mediastinal disease, and the method of staging did not affect the incidence of relapse. The pattern of failure could not be predicted based on the stage of disease, the extent of subdiaphragmatic staging, the extent of radiation therapy, or the sequence of RT fields—"ping pong" vs. sequential. Subset analysis of Stage II patients revealed significantly more relapses in clinically staged patients. Excluding Stage IA patients with high cervical disease or peripheral nodal disease, nodal extension failures were more common for patients undergoing limited-volume RT, whereas extranodal relapses were likely after STNI or TNI. The estimated 10- and 15-year cumulative incidences of second malignancies were 2.9% ± 1.6% and 7.9% ± 3.3%, respectively. Our patients are at increased risk of second malignancies (11-fold), and fatal cardiac (68-fold) and infectious (33-fold) complications. Overall survival at 10 years was 90.8% ± 3.2%; event-free survival was 72.1% ± 5.0%. Conclusions: The current analysis confirms the curative potential of RT for HD in children and adolescents. Despite successful salvage therapy, relapsed disease remained the principal cause of death in our cohort. Excess risk of septic death in asplenic patients, fatal heart disease, and second malignancies may further compromise the ultimate cure of HD in long-term survivors.
The multiple β-tubulin genes of Xenopus: Isolation and developmental expression of a germ-cell isotype β-tubulin gene

In this report, we demonstrate the presence of multiple beta-tubulin genes in Xenopus and begin to explore the regulation of isotypes within the beta-tubulin family by focusing on the characterization of a specific beta-tubulin cDNA derived from a Xenopus oocyte library. This clone (XLOT: Xenopus laevis oocyte beta-tubulin) contains the entire protein coding and 3'-untranslated regions of the gene, and is only missing approximately eleven nucleotides from the start of transcription. The XLOT transcript is ubiquitously expressed, but steady-state amounts are highest in immature oocytes and in testes. Consistent with the present understanding of this type of autoregulation, levels of oocyte beta-tubulin transcript vary in accordance with fluctuating polymeric/monomeric tubulin protein ratios both in the developing oocyte and as the late stage oocyte matures to an unfertilized egg. In addition, steady-state levels of the oocyte beta-tubulin transcript do not increase as the total number of cells per embryo increase during embryogenesis. Although one major and three minor transcriptional start sites are utilized in immature oocytes and adult tissues, usage of each individual site varies during oogenesis and embryogenesis. The preferential expression in germ cells indicate that the oocyte beta-tubulin transcript may provide a useful marker for gonadal differentiation in early amphibian development.
Sites in the A2 subunit involved in the interfactor VIIIa interaction.

Abstract Factor VIIIa is a trimer of the A1, A2, and A3-C1-C2 subunits. Regions in the A2 subunit that interact with the A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer were localized using synthetic peptides derived from A2 sequences showing high probability of being surface exposed. Peptides were restricted to residues 373–562 of A2 based on the earlier observation that this region of A2 reacts with A1 using a zero length cross-linker. Peptides were assessed for their capacity to inhibit the reconstitution of factor VIIIa from the isolated A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer and A2 subunit. Reconstitution was monitored using both regeneration of factor VIIIa activity and fluorescence quenching of an acrylodan-labeled A2 (Ac-A2) by fluorescein-labeled A1/A3-C1-C2. The activity assay identified four peptides as inhibitors, residues 373–395 (IC50 = 65 μm), 418–428 (IC50 = 25 μm), 482–493 (IC50 = 325 μm), and 518–533 (IC50 = 585 μm). The 373–395 and 518–533 peptides eliminated the fluorescence quenching of Ac-A2, whereas the 418–428 peptide reduced but did not eliminate Ac-A2 quenching. Peptide 482–493 had no effect on the fluorescence quenching of Ac-A2 suggesting that the peptide did not directly affect reassociation of the factor VIIIa subunits. These results identify three regions in the A2 subunit (373–395, 418–428, and 518–533) that interact with the A1/A3-C1-C2 dimer. Furthermore, comparison of results obtained using the two assays distinguish inhibition of the intersubunit interactions from intermolecular interactions.
Pulpal irritation due to the phosphoric acid component of silicate cement

Abstract A clinicopathologic study of eighty-eight sound teeth was carried out to compare the pulpal reactions under subaxial wall extensions of Class V cavity preparations filled with a cotton pledget soaked in 6 molar phosphoric acid buffered to a pH of either 3.5 or 5.0 with reactions to distilled water. Histologic examination revealed the same number and severity of inflammatory changes under the distilled water as under either of the acids. In the case of the acids, however, the number of inflammatory responses increased as the thickness of the remaining dentine decreased, while the pupal reactions did not seem to be dependent on distance in the teeth filled with distilled water. The study showed that a thin layer of freshly cut dentine can protect the pulp from the irritating properties of very concentrated solutions of phosphoric acid in a large percentage of cases.
A modest proposal: a testable differentiation between third- and fourth-order information complexity

In Human Capability, Jaques and Cason (1994) described the importance of the Third and Fourth Orders of Information Complexity used by adults working to create and manage our commercial endeavors, govern our countries, and provide services such as healthcare and education to our populations. Today our knowledge of these two Orders is still in descriptive terms, therefore less subject to testing than meets the necessary scientifi c rigor. In order to pursue a better understanding of how to more effectively educate and employ this capability in the adult population it is necessary to have clarity about the boundaries of these apparently discontinuous innate human “processes.” The authors here set out important aspects of their continued inquiry. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bridge-assisted electron transfer: effective electronic coupling

Nonadiabatic electron-transfer rates in intramolecular situations involving bridged structures intervening between donor and acceptor will generally be quite small in magnitude and will depend on the energetics of the transfer process, the chemical identity and nature of the donor, acceptor, and bridge species, the environment, and the temperature. We develop a self-contained perturbative method for the calculation of the electron-transfer matrix elements corresponding to intramolecular long-range electron transfer. This scheme is based on the Lippmann-Schwinger equation for the effective scattering matrix. Iteration of this perturbation equation easily yields such well-known results as the McConnell formula for long-range superexchange interactions, the competition of through-bond and through-space coupling in bridge structures, the identification of superexchange, the relationship of superexchange process to exponential decay at long distance and so forth.
Genomic characterization of two novel reptilian papillomaviruses, Chelonia mydas papillomavirus 1 and Caretta caretta papillomavirus 1

In this paper we describe the characterization of the genomes of two sea turtle papillomaviruses, Chelonia mydas PV (CmPV-1) and Caretta caretta PV (CcPV-1). The isolation and sequencing of the first non-avian reptilian PVs extend the evolutionary history of PVs to include all amniotes. PVs have now been described in mammals, birds and non-avian reptiles. The chelonian PVs form a distinct clade most closely related to the avian PVs. Unlike the avian PVs, both chelonian PVs have canonical E6 and E7 ORFs, indicating that these genes were present in the common ancestor to mammalian and non-mammalian amniote PVs. Rates of evolution among the non-mammalian PVs were generally slower than those estimated for mammalian PVs, perhaps due to lower metabolic rates among the ectothermic reptiles.
A CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION FOR NONLINEAR SOLIDS WHICH UNDERGO DEFORMATION INDUCED MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES

Classical theories of elasticity assume that the Cauchy stress in the material depends on the deformation gradient of particles in the current configuration. Such as assumption can usually be motivated by the presence of a single micromechanism. Here we consider the possi- bility that as the material is deformed an additional micromechanism might come into play and have a role in determining the Cauchy stress. We show that "inelastic" behavior of some mate- rials can be explained within the context of such a theory. To illustrate our ideas, we use the ideas of scission and reforming of networks within the context of polymeric materials. The the- ory is of course much more general and can be used to describe the mechanics of materials in which microstructural changes are induced due to deformations.
The effects of the nicotinamide sensitive teratogen 3-acetylpyridine on chick limb mesodermal cells in culture: biochemical parameters.

3-acetylpyridine (3AP) causes severe muscular hypoplasia in vivo and seems to potentiate chondrogenic expression of limb bud cells in vitro. In both cases nicotinamide completely relieves these effects. In cell cultures, 3AP causes a substantial drop in nicotinamide incorporation. This decreased incorporation represents not only decreased cellular pools of nicotinamide but also decreased DPN-TPN pools. 3AP also decreases the rate of RNA, protein, and mucopolysaccharide synthesis. 3AP does not affect the rate of DNA synthesis which is constantly decreasing as chondrogenic expression increases. Even though the rates of macromolecular synthesis seem to be reduced, the specific activity of an obligatory enzyme for mucopolysaccharide assembly, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, dramatically increases with 3AP-treatment. This is interpreted to mean that 3AP potentiates of cartilage synthesizing machinery which is observed as a potentiation of chondrogenic expression. These data are discussed with regard to nicotinamide's proposed role in affecting the development of chick limb mesodermal cells into muscle and cartilage producing phenotypes. It is proposed that alterations in local concentrations of essential molecules like nicotinamide, DPN, or TPN can control phenotypic expression.
Influence of paclobutrazol in the soil on growth, nutrient elements in the leaves, and flood/freeze tolerance of citrus rootstock seedlings

Paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3ol] was applied to soil at 0, 100, or 250 mg/3.78-liter pot containing seedlings of Swingle citrumelo, Carrizo citrange, Cleopatra mandarin, sour orange, rough lemon, and Sun Chu Sha. All cultivars were sensitive to paclobutrazol, which caused a proliferation of shorter/thicker roots, and top growth showed shorter internodes and lower dry weight. Induced changes resulted in greater root/shoot ratios, and paclobutrazol treatments showed higher concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, boron, iron, and manganese in the leaves of different cultivars. Paclobutrazol-treated seedlings did not show a greater ability to tolerate flooded soil for 60 continuous days under greenhouse conditions nor survive-6.7°C controlled freeze tests. Paclobutrazol is a potentially useful plant growth regulator to dwarf citrus, but it apparently is not a strong candidate for increasing flooding and freezing tolerance in citrus rootstock seedlings.
M‐learning: next generation hotel training system

Purpose – This paper aims to explore whether there is a need for a mobile learning (M‐learning) system and what types of mobile applications will be appropriate for each department at a hotel. It focuses on addressing three key questions: how can a hotel utilize mobile devices for training purposes in each area? What kinds of features or functions would hotel employees like to see on the mobile device? Are there any differences in the M‐learning acceptance level of the participants based on their demographic factors or previous experience with mobile usage?Design/methodology/approach – Ten experts in the hospitality academia and industry participated in this qualitative research. This study used snowball sampling as a selection strategy.Findings – This study found there are various ways to utilize mobile devices for hotel employee training in different departments. Housekeeping, room service, restaurant, and other customer‐service sectors were suggested as good areas to use mobile devices for training. Be...
Education, Public Confidence and the Legitimacy of the Modern State: Is There a Crisis’ Somewhere?∗

∗ An earlier version of this paper was presented, under the title ‘Education and crisis: a note of concern’, to the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York (March ...
The Frequency of Extreme Rain Events in Satellite Rain-Rate Estimates and an Atmospheric General Circulation Model

Abstract The frequency distributions of surface rain rate are evaluated in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations and the NOAA/GFDL global atmosphere model version 2 (AM2). Instantaneous satellite rain-rate observations averaged over the 2.5° latitude × 2° longitude model grid are shown to be representative of the half-hour rain rate from single time steps simulated by the model. Rain-rate events exceeding 10 mm h−1 are observed by satellites in most regions, with 1 mm h−1 events occurring more than two orders of magnitude more frequently than 10 mm h−1 events. A model simulation using the relaxed Arakawa–Schubert (RAS) formulation of cumulus convection exhibits a strong bias toward many more light rain events compared to the observations and far too few heavy rain events. A simulation using an alternative convection scheme, which includes an explicit representation of mesoscale circulations and an alternative formulation of the cl...
Radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade: potential interactions and future directions

Combining radiation and immune checkpoint blockade provides synergistic antitumor responses in animal models and a small subset of patients. New preclinical data have provided mechanistic insight into this treatment interaction and identification of therapeutic targets to optimize this approach.
Travel-Capitalism: The Structure of Europe and the Advent of the Tourist

In one of the twenty lines it allocates to a description of Hungary, the nearly 300-page edition in 1877 of A Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in Europe summarizes the architectural and aesthetic worth of the country's capital city for sightseeing American visitors by pronouncing that, in Budapest, “the churches and the public buildings are of no particular interest” (Satchel 1877:194). Twenty years later, the 1897 edition of that same guidebook takes a more amiable but scarcely enthusiastic pitch, allowing that “some of the new public buildings are elegant in their way” (Satchel 1897:184). Twenty-seven years later—following a world war, two revolutions, and a foreign military occupation resulting in the dismemberment of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy—the presence of what has remained of Hungary is noted by an increase to eighty-one lines (Satchel 1924). Except for a one-sentence reference to a Danubian steamboat trip downstream from Pressburg (Bratislava, Pozsony), the entire description remains restricted to Budapest. Nearly two generations after the pronouncement of the disparaging opinion above, the 1924 text notices that Budapest's “picture at sunset is one of the most striking in Europe” (Satchel 1924:272) and that “it is not only the most considerable city of Hungary, but is probably to be numbered among the four most beautiful capitals of Europe” (1924:273).
A Robust Algorithm for Thickness Computation at Low Resolution and Its Application to In Vivo Trabecular Bone CT Imaging

Adult bone diseases, especially osteoporosis, lead to increased risk of fracture which in turn is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and financial costs. Clinically, osteoporosis is defined by low bone mineral density; however, increasing evidence suggests that the microarchitectural quality of trabecular bone (TB) is an important determinant of bone strength and fracture risk. Accurate measures of TB thickness and marrow spacing is of significant interest for early diagnosis of osteoporosis or treatment effects. Here, we present a new robust algorithm for computing TB thickness and marrow spacing at a low resolution achievable in vivo . The method uses a star-line tracing technique that effectively deals with partial voluming effects of in vivo imaging with voxel size comparable to TB thickness. Also, the method avoids the problem of digitization associated with conventional algorithms based on sampling distance transform along skeletons. Accuracy of the method was examined using computer-generated phantom images, while the robustness of the method was evaluated on human ankle specimens in terms of stability across a wide range of voxel sizes, repeat scan reproducibility under in vivo conditions, and correlation between thickness values computed at ex vivo and in vivo imaging resolutions. Also, the sensitivity of the method was examined by evaluating its ability to predict the bone strength of cadaveric specimens. Finally, the method was evaluated in a human study involving 40 healthy young-adult volunteers (age: 19–21 years; 20 males and 20 females) and ten athletes (age: 19–21 years; six males and four females). Across a wide range of voxel sizes, the new method is significantly more accurate and robust as compared to conventional methods. Both TB thickness and marrow spacing measures computed using the new method demonstrated strong associations ( $R^2\in [0.83,0.87]$ ) with bone strength. Also, the TB thickness and marrow spacing measures allowed discrimination between male and female volunteers ( $p\in [0.01,0.04]$ ) as well as between athletes and nonathletes ( $p\in [0.005,0.03]$ ).
THE ANTIGON-F, AN IMPROVED INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE

From June 1969 to December 31 1970 1480 women attending the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center and the Qualicap Health Center (a satellite clinic in Queens) were inserted with the antigon-F a modification of a Danish IUD. Modification of the original antigon model was accomplished by enclosing it with a membrane to decrease the chance of intestinal obstruction if perforation occurred. Results showed a pregnancy rate of 1.8/100 woman-years. No perforations were seen. The expulsion rate was high but this was attributed to possibly improper handling of the device before insertion. From this trial it is concluded that the antigon-F is superior to other devices studied in the clinic since 1964 namely the Birnberg bow Lippes loop Saf-T-Toil and the modified Margulies spiral.
Individual Differences in Gender Development: Associations with Parental Sexual Orientation, Attitudes, and Division of Labor

Research on children of lesbian parents has sug- gested that such children are developing well, but questions have been raised about their gender development. In this study, we explored associations among parental sexual orientation, parental gender-related attitudes, parental divi- sion of labor, and children's gender development. Partic- ipants were 66 preschool children and their 132 parents from the East Coast of the United States. Thirty-three families were headed by lesbian and 33 by heterosexual couples. Parents who divided paid and unpaid labor more unequally had children whose occupational aspirations were also more traditional. Measures of children's gender development were generally unrelated to parental sexual orientation. Parents' attitudes and behaviors were more strongly associated with children's gender development than was parental sexual orientation.
Cribrostatin 6 induces death in cancer cells through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism

Cribrostatin 6 is a quinone-containing natural product that induces the death of cancer cell lines in culture, and its mechanism of action and scope of activity are unknown. Here we show that cribrostatin 6 has broad anticancer activity, potently inducing apoptotic cell death that is not preceded by any defined cell cycle arrest. Consistent with this data, we find that cribrostatin 6 treated cells have large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, based on transcript profiling experiments and other data, this ROS generation is likely the primary mechanism by which cribrostatin 6 induces apoptosis. Given the success of certain ROS producers as anticancer agents, cribrostatin 6 has potential as a novel chemotherapeutic agent.
Sparsity lower bounds for dimensionality reducing maps

We give near-tight lower bounds for the sparsity required in several dimensionality reducing linear maps. First, consider the Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma which states that for any set of n vectors in Rd there is an A∈Rm x d with m = O(e-2log n) such that mapping by A preserves the pairwise Euclidean distances up to a 1 pm e factor. We show there exists a set of n vectors such that any such A with at most s non-zero entries per column must have s = Ω(e-1log n/log(1/e)) if m
An Application of Computer‐Aided Molecular Design (CAMD) Using the Signature Molecular Descriptor–Part 2. Evaluating Newly Identified Surface Tension‐Reducing Substances for Potential Use as Shrinkage‐Reducing Admixtures

In this study, the use of computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) is validated as a tool for enabling the discovery of new shrinkage-reducing compounds for possible use in portland cement composites and is framed as one of many multiscale modeling tools in a broad hierarchy of possibilities. Twelve additives were tested for their ability to inhibit shrinkage in Type I ordinary portland cement under both autogenous and drying conditions. The 12 additives included two commercial shrinkage-reducing admixtures (SRAs), two active ingredients of a commercial admixture [one of which was used to establish the quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR)], two additional classified as potential SRA compounds based on the patent literature, four newly identified compounds predicted by using CAMD and an inverse quantitative structure–property relationship (I-QSPR), and two other compounds use to establish the QSPR relationship. The newly identified I-QSPR compounds were targeted for their ability to reduce the surface tension of water, a primary consideration for shrinkage-reducing activity. Results for both drying shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage indicate that the designed compounds perform similar to commercial admixtures, yet have different chemical functionalities. Hydration data and set measurements were also considered since selection of new SRAs is a multiparameter problem with many constraints. Thus, these newly identified shrinkage-reducing compounds can potentially provide additional options for use in portland cement concrete applications.
Desmids and Dinoflagellates of Ecuador

The freshwater flora of Ecuador is poorly known. This report provides preliminary information about the freshwater Pyrrhophyta and two families in the Chlorophyta. There has been some work on diatoms but other groups remain unstudied. In June 2001, samples were collected as whole water or by using a 10-mm plankton net from 52 locations in the interior (Amazonian) and Andean regions and examined within hours using a Swift field microscope. Nine additional samples from Ecuador have been provided by Dr Miriam Kannan. Amazonian sites consisted of oxbow lakes along the Rio Shiripuno, and small ponds and lakes along the road from the river to Coca. Andean sites were principally in the Cajas National Park near Cuenca. Genera in the Closteriaceae include Closterium, Gonatozygon, Spinoclosterium, and Penium. Desmidiaceae include Arthrodesmus, Bambusina, Cosmarium, Desmidium, Euastrum, Hyalotheca, Micrasterias, Pleurotaenium, Spondylosum, Staurastrum, Staurodesmus, Triploceras, and Xanthidium. Pyrrhophyta include Ceratium, Gymnodinium, Peridinium, Sphaerodinium, and Woloszynskia.
Child Well-Being Scales as a Predictor of Casework Activity and Services in Child Protection

This study examined the use of the Child Well-Being Scales (CWBS) as an aid to structured decision making in a child protection agency in Ontario, Canada. A total of 337 closed case records from a large multi-service agency in Ontario, Canada, were reviewed and abstracted by trained coders in order to determine whether or not the scales, completed by intake workers, were predictive of the subsequent decisions and activities of family service workers. Using regression models to control for demographic, case, family, community, and organizational variables results indicated that lower CWBS scores, implying increased threats to well being, were associated with greater activity and more services.
Neighborhood Planning Organizations: Perspectives and Choices

Reductions in government expenditures for human services have worsened conditions in lowincome urban neighborhoods at a time when needs are increasing. Despite these conditions, some neighborhood planning organizations have increased in scope and capacity. This article discusses the development, activities, and accomplishments of such organizations and raises questions and choices for practice. The author concludes that, despite accomplishments of neighborhoodplanning organizations, they alone cannot be expected to save urban areasfrom decline, for this requires national policy and intervention in the larger context in which planning operates.
Rigorous analysis of diffraction gratings of arbitrary profiles using virtual photonic crystals

A new approach is developed to calculate diffraction efficiency for a dielectric grating with an arbitrary refractive index profile. By treating a one-dimensional grating as a segment of a virtual two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal, we exploit a rigorous theory of photonic crystal refraction and calculate the diffraction efficiencies. We expand, analytically in many cases, the dielectric function of the grating into 2D Fourier series. We find the eigenmodes for the virtual photonic crystal, and then use these eigenmodes to match the boundary conditions by solving a set of linear equations. In two such simple steps, the diffraction efficiencies can be computed rigorously without slicing the grating into thin layers.
Large-Group Contest Ratings and Music Teacher Evaluation: Issues and Recommendations

The Race to the Top program, initiated in 2009 by U.S. president Barack Obama, has resulted in new laws governing teacher evaluation, retention, and compensation. In many states, teachers’ contributions to students’ academic growth will account for up to 50 percent of their evaluations and serve as a basis for decisions regarding retention and pay. Although standardized tests will likely play a large part in determining teacher effectiveness in “core” disciplines, it remains unclear how administrators will evaluate educators in nontested subjects. Large-group contest ratings may serve as one means of measuring student growth in performance-based music ensembles, since they—like standardized tests—provide a third-party evaluation consisting of numerical scores that can be used to compare the achievement of one group or director to that of another. This article examines the issues connected with this practice and makes recommendations for the use of large-group festival assessments in music educators’ evalu...
FROM TACITUS TO AMIA: A STUDY ON UNIVERSAL ANTI-SEMITISM, ARGENTINE ZIONISM AND THE TIMERMAN AFFAIR

Este trabajo usa datos empiricos provenientes de una “investigacion-accion participativa,” realizada a comienzos de 2015, para poner a prueba la hipotesis de que los mecanismos que tenian vigencia en tiempos greco-romanos, conectando las comunidades de la diaspora judia con un activo centro jerosolimitano, siguen funcionando en nuestros tiempos y siguen teniendo relevancia geopolitica. Se tomaron ejemplos provenientes de experiencias recientes de Argentina y Estados Unidos. En un caso especifico, el de las presiones para excomulgar al canciller argentino Hector Timerman de las instituciones de la comunidad judia, se estudiaron las actitudes de miembros del publico a traves de un “panel voluntario online.” Los hallazgos se vincularon a un significativo esfuerzo heuristico para determinar si la “dialectica Baron,” asi llamada en honor de Salo W. Baron (el mas importante historiador del pueblo judio de la generacion de la Segunda Guerra Mundial), sigue vigente. Esta dialectica puede resumirse como el complejo mecanismo sociologico trans-historico por el que la religion judia es reforzada por la nacionalidad judia, a la vez que esta se arraiga supranacionalmente a traves de las comunidades de la diaspora. Este proceso seguramente es una de las causas de largo plazo del antisemitismo sobre las que reflexiono Hannah Arendt.
Fiction 101: A Primer for Lawyers on How to Use Fiction Writing Techniques to Write Persuasive Facts Sections

This article discusses ways in which lawyers can tell better stories in briefs by utilizing the fiction writing concepts of character, conflict and resolution.
Light scattering spectroscopy detects changes in Alzheimer brain

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common dementing disorder. Its neuropathological hallmarks are senile plaques and various forms of neurofibrillary pathology. We are developing a light scattering spectroscopy optical technique, which will identify differences in the absorption and light scattering properties of brain tissue due to the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and detect both chemical and morphological changes in Alzheimer’s brain at the earliest possible stages.
Forensic medicine in the Rivers State of Nigeria: experience in four rural general hospitals.

A retrospective study of 375 consecutive medicolegal cases seen in four peripheral general hospitals in the Rivers State of Nigeria over a five-year period (March 1984 to February 1989) was undertaken. The most common indications for forensic medical consultation were assaults (78.6%) using clubs, sticks, fists and machetes as weapons, road traffic accidents (9.1%) and sexual offences (7.7%). The proportions of accidental deaths (4.3%), homicidal deaths (2.9%), sudden natural deaths (0.5%), maternal deaths (0.5%) and suicidal deaths (0.3%) were much lower. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4 to 1. The patients' ages ranged from 10 months to 75 years, with a mean of 31.6 years. Twenty-three cases (6.1%) were children, while the remaining 352 cases (93.9%) were adults. The study showed that for those cases which do come to the pathologist's attention, forensic personnel and laboratory services are inadequate in the peripheral parts of Nigeria. The study also highlighted the possible range of medicolegal problems of which the medical practitioner should be aware, even if he is practising in the rural non-urbanized areas of Nigeria. The study shows that not all deaths are registered in Nigeria. Language: en
Melanin-like Pigment in Zone Lines of Phellinus weirii-Colonized Wood

The generic criteria of Pseudotomentella (Svrcek, 1958), as redefined by Larsen (1971b) and readily observable in the generic nomenclatural type [P. mucidula (Karst.) Svrcek], are napiform to sphaeropedunculate immature and clavipedunculate mature basidia, and pale colored basidiospores (in KOH) with protuberances or warts with blunt to sharply pointed bifurcate processes. Immature spores are characteristically lobed in early stages of development. The proposal of the three species prompted a reevaluation of the use of basidiospore morphology in the taxonomy of the genus. The morphology of spores when correlated with other characters, appears to circumscribe subgeneric units. The results are presented in TABLE I. Morphology of mature basidiospores for Groups I and II is represented by P. fumosa (FIGS. 4-6), for Groups III and IV by P. kaniksuensis (FIGS. 7-9), and Group V by P. tristis (Karst.) M. Lars. (FIGS. 1012). The species in Group III appear to represent the "core" of the genus, with Group I closely allied and differing only by the occurrence of symmetrically-lobed spores. The sole member of Group II, P. humicola, differs further from Group III by clamped and distinctly dark brown subicular hyphae. Species in Groups IV and V are perceived as representing major departures from the main generic concept because of their monomitic hyphal system. Dr. H. H. Burdsall, Jr. is acknowledged for his helpful discussion.
The Future of the Academy

This lecture has three parts. The first deals with the roots and formation of the modern study of religion, especially in North America and Britain. Religious studies is aspectual, cross-cultural, multidisciplinary, and nonfinite (i.e., flowing beyond religions to cover analogous embodied worldviews). The second part deals with the cutting edges in religious studies and the various theologies, notably through the rediscovery of the phenomenology of religion, underpinned by a good general knowledge in the field. The third part suggests new ways of integrating religious studies, geographically and otherwise, via confederal links between the American Academy of Religion and other learned societies. This will lead to global integration of the study of religion. Also, our talents (especially, informed empathy) should be spread more widely and would be useful to a number of other professions. I conclude with a paradox about belief in God or nirvana.
Student Perceptions of Constructivist Concepts in Classes Using Virtual Worlds

The purpose of this study was to identify constructivist concepts that are important to student-perceived learning outcomes in college courses that use a virtual world, such as Second Life, as an educational tool. Identification of these concepts will help instructors to make the best use of their course design efforts in mediated environments. Subsequently, this will benefit students by matching the learning environment to students' learning needs and potential preferences. This study used a web-based survey that asked respondents about their perceptions of how their experience in a class using a virtual world as an instructional tool represented several constructivist learning concepts. Their responses were compared to how they felt about different learning outcomes. The results indicate that authentic learning context is a major factor in all of the student-perceived learning outcomes measured in this study, while student responsibility and initiative is important to academic learning time and learning...
Malnutrition in Joint Arthroplasty: Prospective Study Indicates Risk of Unplanned ICU Admission

Background: Malnutrition has been linked to poor outcomes after elective joint arthroplasty, but the risk of unplanned postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission in malnourished arthroplasty patients is unknown. Methods: 1098 patients were followed as part of a prospective risk stratification program at a tertiary, high-volume arthroplasty center. Chronic malnutrition was defined as preoperative albumin Results: The overall incidence of malnutrition was 16.9% (primary and revision arthroplasty patients). Average BMI was highest for patients in albumin category 3.0-3.5 (BMI 35.7). Preoperative albumin postoperative ICU admission. Conclusion: Patients with poor nutritional status must be counseled on the risks of adverse medical complications.
An Ecological-Transactional Model of Generational Boundary Dissolution Across Development

ABSTRACTThe present article proposes an updated model of boundary dissolution. Specifically, the model integrates the ecological-ethical model of parentification with a broader model of boundary dissolution and further incorporates an ecological-transactional perspective to advance boundary dissolution theory. This model argues that transactional processes within and across levels of ecology influence a boundary-dissolved microsystem and maladaptive and adaptive ontogenic development. This article also provides a review of the extant literature on the causes and consequences of boundary dissolution by level of ecology. Consequences to ontogenic development and child ontogenic factors that influence boundary dissolution are reviewed by developmental period to emphasize developmental processes. Directions for future work suggested by this review are highlighted.
The Effect of Coextrusion on Bubble Kinematics, Temperature Distribution and Property Development in the Blown Film Process:

The bubble shape, velocity profile and strain history in the region between the die exit and frost line in the blown film process is known to influence film properties. The kinematics in coextrusion is dictated by the material that freezes first. The maximum rate of strain of the remaining layers may occur at a higher temperature, affecting film properties. An example of a HDPE resin extruded alone and coextruded with EVOH is considered.
Realization for the Redundant Strategy of Basic Support Services based on Proxy Interception for Intelligent Hydropower Plant System

The paper mainly introduces the redundant strategy and its realization on basic support services of intelligent hydropower plant system,makes a detailed description of the principle,structure and function of the basic support services,puts forward a redundant technology resolution of basic support service base on proxy interception,Analyzes the characteristics of this design and the running process,provides a stable and efficient technology realization for redundant strategy on services of intelligent hydropower plant system.
Analog Computation by DNA Strand Displacement Circuits

DNA circuits have been widely used to develop biological computing devices because of their high programmability and versatility. Here, we propose an architecture for the systematic construction of DNA circuits for analog computation based on DNA strand displacement. The elementary gates in our architecture include addition, subtraction, and multiplication gates. The input and output of these gates are analog, which means that they are directly represented by the concentrations of the input and output DNA strands, respectively, without requiring a threshold for converting to Boolean signals. We provide detailed domain designs and kinetic simulations of the gates to demonstrate their expected performance. On the basis of these gates, we describe how DNA circuits to compute polynomial functions of inputs can be built. Using Taylor Series and Newton Iteration methods, functions beyond the scope of polynomials can also be computed by DNA circuits built upon our architecture.
Chapter 3 Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector Physics and Novel Devices

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on (1) the physics of quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) and (2) related novel structures and devices. It discusses the concept of intersubband transition (ISBT) in quantum wells (QWs) and the wavelengths covered by gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based structures. The physics of QWIPs includes dark current, photocurrent, and detector performance and design. The chapter also details novel structures and devices, including multicolor and multispectral detectors, high frequency detectors, and QWIPs integrated with light emitting diodes (LEDs). Samples presented in the chapter are all made by GaAs-based molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The QWIP approach is favorable and attractive in several areas, such as producibility, large arrays, multicolor and multiband, high speed, and integration. For a standard QWIP, the optimum well design is the one having the first excited state in resonance with the top of the barrier. This configuration gives at the same time both a large absorption and a rapid escape for the excited electrons.
Swarm parameters along gas-solid dielectric interfaces

In order to understand the surface flashover mechanisms in a spacer-bridged, compressed-gas-insulated system, it is essential to have a detailed knowledge of the associated physical parameters, these being dominantly the first Townsend ionization coefficient (α) and the electron drift velocity (V e ). As the addition of a solid spacer to a compressed gas insulated system inevitably reduces the breakdown strength it is important to know how α and V e are modified or if these are modified at all. These parameters can be determinated through the measurement of electron avalanches using the pulsed Townsend technique [1,2]. Jaksts and Cross attempted such measurements, however, the relatively long pulse width (∼10ns) of the laser used for photo-initiation of the electron avalanche and the poor bandwidth of the electron current amplifier, coupled with noise from the laser, prevented accurate measurements [3].
Electrical Driven Light Emitting From a Tunneling Junction With Negative Resistance Effect

We investigate the electrical and optical performance of surface-plasmon-mediated light emission in electrical-driven metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel junctions fabricated from a gold (Au) film on the top and a heavily doped silicon chip on the bottom. A silicon dioxide layer is used as the tunneling barrier. The experimental results show that the device’s performance strongly depends on the morphology of the Au film. A negative resistance effect was observed with high Au film roughness, from which higher efficient light emission was observed compared to that of our device exhibiting less roughness. Such MIM tunneling junctions are compatible with common metal-oxide semiconductor technology and thus open up a route toward the development of novel integrated optoelectronic and plasmonic devices.
The changing body: Health, nutrition, and human development in the western world since 1700, R. Floud, R. Fogel, B. Harris, S.C. Hong. Cambridge University Press (2011), 458 pp.

The use of biological measurements to assess living conditions is now standard practice in the social sciences. Average stature measures the net cumulative difference between calories in the diet, ...
Post-obstructive pulmonary edema from aspirated nuts.

Objectives:Post-obstructive pulmonary edema is thought to occur from hemodynamic changes secondary to forced inspiration against the closed airway due to acute or chronic airway obstruction. We rep...
Organization of Corticostriatal Projection Neuron Types

The striatum receives its main cortical input from the two types of pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex—those with only intratelencephalic connections (IT-type) and those sending their main axon to the brainstem via the pyramidal tract (PT-type). These two neuron types appear to be present in layer 5 of all cortical regions, and thus appear to project together throughout striatum. These two neuron types, however, differ in the information they convey to striatum, with IT-type neurons conveying sensory and motor planning information and PT-type neurons conveying an efference copy of motor commands (for motor cortex at least). Anatomical and physiological data indicate that these two cortical neuron types also differ in their targeting of the two main types of striatal projection neurons, with the IT-type input preferentially but not exclusively innervating direct pathway neurons and the PT-type input preferentially but not exclusively innervating indirect pathway striatal neurons. These findings have implications for understanding how the direct and indirect pathways mediate their respective roles in movement facilitation and movement suppression, and they have implications for understanding corticostriatal synaptic plasticity and its role in adaptive motor control by the basal ganglia.
N6-Formyllysine as a Biomarker of Formaldehyde Exposure: Formation and Loss of N6-Formyllysine in Nasal Epithelium in Long-Term, Low-Dose Inhalation Studies in Rats.

Exposure to both endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde has been established to be carcinogenic, likely by virtue of forming nucleic acid and proteins adducts such as N6-formyllysine. To better assess N6-formyllysine as a biomarker of formaldehyde exposure, we studied accumulation of N6-formyllysine adducts in tissues of rats exposed by inhalation to 2 ppm [13C2H2]-formaldehyde for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days (6 h/day) and investigated adduct loss over a 7-day postexposure period using liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed formation of exogenous adducts in nasal epithelium and to some extent in trachea but not in distant tissues of lung, bone marrow, or white blood cells, with a 2-fold increase over endogenous N6-formyllysine over a 3-week exposure period. Postexposure analyses indicated a biexponential decay of N6-formyllysine in proteins extracted from different cellular compartments, with half-lives of ∼25 and ∼182 h for the fast and slow phases, respectively, in cytoplas...
Chemoprotection Across the Tumor Border: Cancer Cell Response to Doxorubicin Depends on Stromal Fibroblast Ratios and Interstitial Therapeutic Transport.

Introduction Increasing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment reduces therapeutic delivery and may lead to chemotherapeutic resistance. At tumor borders, drug is convectively transported across a unique microenvironment composed of inverse gradients of stromal and tumor cells. These regions are particularly important to overall survival, as they are often missed through surgical intervention and contain many invading cells, often responsible for metastatic spread. An understanding of how cells in this tumor-border region respond to chemotherapy could begin to elucidate the role of transport and intercellular interactions in relation to chemoresistance. Here we examine the contribution of drug transport and stromal fibroblasts to breast cancer response to doxorubicin using in silico and in vitro models of the tumor-stroma interface.