cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Falling, health status, and the use of health services by older adults. A prospective study.

In this study, data from the Longitudinal Study on Aging were used to prospectively assess the relationship between repetitive falling or falling only once in the year before baseline and changes in health status and the use of health services. Multiple and logistic regression were used to control for a variety of known covariates, in addition to the baseline values of the target outcomes. Repetitive falling was associated with decreased health status, measured by various activities of daily living and disability indices, at both 2- and 4-year follow-ups. One fall, however, was never associated with deteriorating health status. Similarly, repetitive falling was related to a decreased likelihood of visiting a physician (at the first follow-up, only), but to an increased likelihood of hospitalization, nursing home placement, and death (at both follow-ups). Falling just one time, however, was only associated with an increased likelihood of nursing home placement. Based on outcome trajectories, two subpopulations of repetitive fallers were identified. One subpopulation was consistent with the rapid deterioration hypothesized by the "spiral" response to falling, and includes about 35% of the repetitive fallers (i.e., those who die within 4 years of baseline). The other subpopulation was consistent with the initial decline and subsequent stabilization hypothesized by the "drop-stabilization" response.
CspA, the Major Cold-shock Protein of Escherichia coli, Is an RNA Chaperone

Abstract CspA, the major cold-shock protein of Escherichia coli, is dramatically induced during the cold-shock response. The amino acid sequence of CspA shows 43% identity to the “cold-shock domain” of the eukaryotic Y-box protein family, which interacts with RNA and DNA to regulate their functions. Here, we demonstrate that CspA binds to RNA as a chaperone. First, CspA cooperatively binds to heat-denatured single-stranded RNA if it is larger than 74 bases, causing a supershift in gel electrophoresis. A minimal concentration of CspA at 2.7 × 10−5 M is absolutely required for this cooperative binding, which is sufficiently lower than the estimated cellular concentration of CspA (10−4 M) in cold-shocked cells. No specific RNA sequences for CspA binding were identified, indicating that it has a broad sequence specificity for its binding. When the 142-base 5′-untranslated region of the cspA mRNA was used as a substrate for ribonucleases A and T1, the addition of CspA significantly stimulated RNA hydrolysis by preventing the formation of RNase-resistant bands due to stable secondary structures in the 5′-untranslated region. These results indicate that binding of CspA to RNA destabilizes RNA secondary structures to make them susceptible to ribonucleases. We propose that CspA functions as an RNA chaperone to prevent the formation of secondary structures in RNA molecules at low temperature. Such a function may be crucial for efficient translation of mRNAs at low temperatures and may also have an effect on transcription.
Abnormal end-tidal carbon dioxide levels on emergency department arrival in adult and pediatric intubated patients.

AbstractBackground. The utility of prehospital intubation is controversial, as uncontrolled studies in trauma patients suggest adverse outcomes with prehospital intubation, perhaps secondary to inappropriate ventilation once intubation is accomplished. Objectives. The objectives were 1) to establish, immediately upon arrival to the emergency department (ED), the prevalence of abnormal end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels in patients with prehospital intubation and 2) to describe the relationship between abnormal ETCO2 levels on ED arrival and mortality. Methods. This was a prospective, observational cohort study of patients with prehospital intubation. Patients were excluded if they underwent prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). On ED arrival, the initial ETCO2 measurement from the patient's endotracheal tube was immediately obtained prior to purposeful intervention in the patient's ventilation by using an Oridion Surestream Sure VentLine H Set with a Welch Allyn Propaq CS monitor. For each...
Effect of Exposure Time on Cavitation Damage

Abstract : It has been proposed in some recent publications that the cavitation damage rate decreases markedly in solids after long exposure to cavitation. It has also been proposed that this low rate of cavitation damage is the one with physical significance for the solid. These observations have been made with specimens oscillated sinusoidally in liquids by means of magnetostrictive devices. In the observations described here it is shown by means of photographs of the cavitation cloud over such specimens that the reduced damage rate results from the very sparse bubble cloud which is formed over the deeply damaged surface. The change in the damage rate therefore has hydrodynamic origin and is not related to a change in the properties of the solid. X-ray analyses show also that the extent of the plastic deformation of a solid with very light damage is the same as for a solid with very heavy damage.
Exclusive Action of Transmembrane TNFα in Adipose Tissue Leads to Reduced Adipose Mass and Local But Not Systemic Insulin Resistance

Aberrant TNFα expression in adipocytes is a molecular mechanism by which insulin action is modulated in adipose tissue. While this might be a compensatory response to limit adipose expansion, neither the mechanisms underlying this local effect nor its systemic biological consequences have been studied. It is also not clear whether TNFα-induced insulin resistance in adipocyte alone is responsible for systemic insulin resistance in the absence of obesity. In a transgenic mouse model deficient in endogenous TNFα, we demonstrate that specific expression of the transmembrane TNFα (mTNFα) in adipocytes leads to decreased whole body adipose mass, and local, but not systemic insulin resistance. These data demonstrate that exclusive action of TNFα in adipose tissue strongly inhibits insulin action at this site and leads to reduced adiposity in mice. However, this isolated adipocyte insulin resistance in the context of reduced fat mass and/or the absence of obesity is insufficient to alter systemic glucose homeostasis.
On the estimation of dynamic mass density of random composites.

The dynamic effective mass density and bulk modulus of an inhomogeneous medium at low frequency limit are discussed. Random configurations in a variety of two-dimensional physical contexts are considered. In each case, effective dynamic mass density and bulk modulus are calculated based on eigenmode matching theory. The results agree with those provided by Martin et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128, 571–577 (2010)] obtained from effective wavenumber method.
Bright Future: Solar Power as a Major Contributor to the U.S. Grid

The decreased costs of solar technologies have led to the prospect of a move for photovoltaic (PV ) and concentrating solar power (CSP ) from niche applications to major contributors to the U.S. electricity grid. This development has motivated a number of technoeconomic analyses of the potential deployment of both PV and CSP under varying economic conditions. Two studies sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE ) and completed in 2012 can help us understand the potential opportunities and challenges for solar deployment on a large scale. These studies evaluated both the potential mix of renewable energy technologies that could serve a large fraction of the U.S. electricity demand and the associated evolution of the U.S. grid to 2050.
Principles and Practices of Medication Safety in the ICU

Medication errors are a significant public health problem in United States hospitals. Patients in the ICU are at particular risk for medication errors because of the characteristics of an ICU and the nature of its patients. This article reviews the principles of medication safety and applies these principles to the ICU, and suggests safe practices to improve medication safety in the ICU.
Modelling growth and decline in lung function in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy with an augmented linear mixed effects model

Summary. Longitudinal modelling of lung function in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is complicated by a mixture of both growth and decline in lung function within each subject, an unknown point of separation between these phases and significant heterogeneity between individual trajectories. Linear mixed effects models can be used, assuming a single changepoint for all cases; however, this assumption may be incorrect. The paper describes an extension of linear mixed effects modelling in which random changepoints are integrated into the model as parameters and estimated by using a stochastic EM algorithm. We find that use of this ‘mixture modelling’ approach improves the fit significantly.
A Passively Adaptive Rotary-to-Linear Continuously Variable Transmission

In this paper, we present the synthesis and design of a rotary-to-linear continuously variable transmission with the ability to passively change gear ratio as a function of the output load. The primary mechanism involves variable-pitch rollers whose angle changes as a function of the output load due to the compliance properties of their housing. By changing spring stiffness, the relationship between the linear output load and transmission ratio can be tuned to optimize drive motor operating conditions over the entire range of output loads. After laying out the working concept, we show the performance analysis for such a transmission applied to a 6-W DC motor and present an example design analysis for tuning to maximize power output over the entire range of operating conditions. A prototype system was used to measure key parameters such as rolling resistance and lateral slip coefficients and to evaluate the transmission performance in a target application.
Effects of cobalt concentration on the relative resistance to octahedral and cube slip in nickel-base superalloys

Compression yielding tests were performed at 760 C on crystals of the Ni base superalloys Rene 150 and a modified MAR-M247, both having two different Co concentrations. For both alloy bases, increasing Co concentration was shown to decrease the critical resolved shear stress for octahedral slip, but to have little effect on that for cube slip. The results suggest that decreasing complex stacking fault energy in the gamma-prime with increasing Co could account for the observed effects.
Molecular Systematics and Biogeography of Aridland Gnatcatchers (GenusPolioptila) and Evidence Supporting Species Status of the California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica)

Abstract Over 2000 basepairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were compared to (1) examine evolution in protein coding versus noncoding [control region (CR)] segments, and (2) test the species-level distinctiveness of the California gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica ) and clarify its phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships to other arid-adapted gnatcatchers. Unlike some studies, CR region I (left domain) was not as variable as coding genes. As expected, the central domain of the CR varied little, whereas CR II (right domain) showed high levels of variation. CR sequences tended to be “phylogenetically noisy” as evidenced by lower rescaled consistency indices, relative to those for coding genes. The California gnatcatcher differs from its sister-species, the black-tailed gnatcatcher ( P. melanura ), by approximately 4.0%, which supports species-level recognition. Two other aridland gnatcatchers, the black-capped gnatcatcher ( P. nigriceps ) and white-lored gnatcatcher ( P. albiloris ), are closely related to the previous two species, also at a level of about 4 to 4.5% sequence divergence. These species evolved over a relatively short time, but prior to the most recent Pleistocene glaciations.
On the Relative Adequacy of Some American Chambers for Measurements in the Grenz Ray Range

The use of grenz radiation has been slow to find favor as a therapeutic modality by the dermatologists of this country. While in the past there were many reasons for this delay, recently there has been an increased acceptance of this form of radiation for the therapy of certain dermatologic disorders. This is indicated by the number of original articles and case reports appearing in the literature and by the larger number of grenz ray therapy machines now owned by dermatologists.
Glyceraldehyde phosphate: an insulin secretagogue with possible effects on inositol phosphate formation in pancreatic islets.

Abstract The insulinotropic action of glucose, the most potent physiologic insulin secretagogue, involves its metabolism. However, no glucose metabolite has ever been identified as a key intermediate. We tested the abilities of a number of glucose metabolites to stimulate insulin release from pancreatic islets. Of all of these metabolites, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was the most potent insulin secretagogue. In numerous experiments over 3 years, insulin release by 4 m m glyceraldehyde phosphate ranged from 50 to 200% of that initiated by 16.7 m m glucose—a near-maximal insulin stimulus. At concentrations of 1 and 4 m m , glyceraldehyde phosphate was even more potent than the known secretagogues glucose and glyceraldehyde. Glucose metabolites were also tested for their ability to stimulate inositol tris-, bis-, and monophosphate formation by permeabilized islets. Only glyceraldehyde phosphate stimulated inositol phosphate formation and this stimulation occurred at concentrations of glyceraldehyde phosphate which could be present in the β cell under physiologic conditions ( K 0.5 = 25 μM). The current results are consistent with the idea that glyceraldehyde phosphate is a key insulinotropic glucose metabolite that might act directly (or rather directly via a receptor) on the phospholipase C that forms inositol trisphosphate in the plasma membrane.
Establishing and delivering training for the Zimbra collaboration suite

This paper will discuss approaches that can be taken when training students, staff, and faculty of a university migrating to the Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS). It consists of a case study and reflection of how the training at Wayne State University (WSU) during its 2009 migration to ZCS, where the training succeeded, and what could have been handled differently.
A theoretical framework for the regularization of Poisson likelihood estimation problems

Let $z=Au+\gamma$ be an ill-posed, linear operator equation. Such a model arises, for example, in both astronomical and medical imaging, in which case $\gamma$ corresponds to background, $u$ the unknown true image, $A$ the forward operator, and $z$ the data. Regularized solutions of this equation can be obtained by solving $R_\alpha(A,z)= arg\min_{u\geq 0} \{T_0(Au;z)+\alpha J(u)\},$ where $T_0(Au;z)$ is the negative-log of the Poisson likelihood functional, and $\alpha>0$ and $J$ are the regularization parameter and functional, respectively. Our goal in this paper is to determine general conditions which guarantee that $R_\alpha$ defines a regularization scheme for $z=Au+\gamma$. Determining the appropriate definition for regularization scheme in this context is important: not only will it serve to unify previous theoretical arguments in this direction, it will provide a framework for future theoretical analyses. To illustrate the latter, we end the paper with an application of the general framework to a case in which an analysis has not been done.
A case for Taylor hardening during primary and steady-state creep in aluminium and type 304 stainless steel

Previous elevated-temperature experiments on 304 stainless steel clearly show that the density of dislocations within the subgrain interior influences the flow stress at a given strain rate and temperature. A re-evaluation shows that the hardening is consistent with the Taylor relation if a linear superposition of solute hardening (τ 0, or the stress necessary to cause dislocation motion in the absence of a dislocation substructure) and dislocation (αGbϱ 1/2) hardening is assumed. The same Taylor relation is applicable to steady-state structures of aluminium if the yield stress of annealed aluminium is assumed equal toτ 0. New tests on aluminium deforming under constant-strain-rate creep conditions show a monotonic increase in the dislocation density with strain. This and the constant-stress creep trends are shown to be possibly consistent with Taylor hardening.
Controlled microwave absorption through aligned carbon nanotubes-composites samples

Dielectric behavior of self organized and highly structured Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) polymer composites is tested at microwave frequencies. Tests are performed using cavity perturbation technique. Magnitude of microwave absorption and its dependence on degree of stretch is evaluated. Results confirmed the linear relationship of absorption to that of stretch in SWCNTs polymer composites.
A STUDY OF HOW TAX POLICY IS MADE: ADVERTISING TAX, IOWA

Within a two year period, a state government enacted and repealed a tax on advertising service. These two closely related decisions provide a somewhat unique setting to observe if there is a common set of propositions that helps explain both decision processes. The tax enactment scenario serves to provide a set of empirical propositions about the decision process. The second scenario is treated as a modified replication to partially test the reliability of these propositions.
Mirror cutting of aluminum with sapphire tool

Abstract A mirror cutting of aluminum has been carried out only with a single crystal diamond tool. However, the mirror cutting is considered to be possible with a single crystal tool except diamond, if the built-up edge does not form. Then, cutting tests with aluminum workpiece of various hardness are carried out, and it is clarified that in cutting on aluminum which has a hardness exceeding a certain value; a built-up edge does not form, no matter what the cutting conditions. Furthermore, a mirror cutting of aluminum is carried out with a sapphire tool.
Aspectual Bootstrapping in Language Acquisition: Telicity and Transitivity

Two studies looked at whether children used transitivity as a structural cue to telicity semantics. Telicity comprehension was tested using an event-counting task (Wagner & Carey, 2003). Children watched animated movies depicting a goal (a dog pushes a ball into a can) achieved via 2 spatiotemporally distinct steps (the dog pushes the ball twice). The movies were described with either a telic or an atelic predicate, and the dependent measure was whether children counted the event's goals or steps. The predicates conveyed telic meaning with either a transitive structure (The girl painted a flower) or an intransitive structure (The vase broke), or atelic meaning with either a transitive (The dog pushed the ball) or an intransitive structure (The vase moved). Experiment 1 showed that 3- and 5-year-old children successfully understood telic and atelic descriptions, regardless of their syntactic form. Experiment 2 showed that 2-year-old children were successful overall, but showed a bias toward linking transit...
K-Ar ages and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean: Basaltic rock from the Brazilian margin

Abstract New K-Ar ages for 13 samples of basalt, gabbro, wehrlite, and trachyandesite drilled from the Brazilian continental shelf and coastline yield information about the timing of the opening of the South Atlantic and the nature of the crust seaward from the Brazil margin. The oldest basalt is 138.1 ± 3.5 m.y. old and from offshore at 24.5°S; it represents Serra Geral flood basalt on attenuated crust in the Santos basin. Basalts from the coastline at 19.5°S are mixed with terrigenous graben sediments, and their ages confirm that rifting was underway before 130 m.y. Offshore sites in the Campos basin, ∼22°–23°S, 41°W, have basalt ranging from 124 to 112 m.y. in age and mostly continental flood basalt in composition. One 112-m.y. basalt, however, is MORB-like and could therefore represent oceanic lithosphere mixed with continental crust about 50 km from the shoreline at ∼22.5°S. Other samples reveal compositionally varied intraplate, passive-margin magmatism occurring 75-43 m.y. ago. They correlate with profuse contemporary alkalic magmatism on the southeastern Brazil coast and probably represent reactivation of zones of “weakness” (i.e., fracture zone-lineaments).
A universal relation approach to federated database management

We describe a manufacturing environment where, driven by market forces, organizations cooperate as well as compete with one another. We argue that a federated database system (FDBS) is appropriate for such an environment. Contrary to conventional wisdom, complete transparency, assumed desirable and mandatory in distributed database systems, is neither desirable nor feasible in this environment. We propose a new approach that is based on schema coordination rather than integration under which each component database is free to change its data structure, attribute naming, and data semantics. A federated metadata model based on the notion of universal relation is introduced for the FDBS. We also develop the query processing paradigm, and present procedures for query transformation and heterogeneity resolution. >
Cracking the bell jar

“I didn’t know why I was going to cry, but I knew that if anybody spoke to me or looked at me too closely the tears would fly out of my eyes and the sobs would fly out of my throat and I’d cry for a week. I could feel the tears brimming and sloshing in me like water in a glass that is unsteady and too full.”― Sylvia Plath Everyone occasionally feels sad, but sometimes depression can affect day-to-day life. Clinical depression is one of the most common mental illnesses, affecting more than 19 million Americans each year. Depression is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and antidepressant responsiveness may be modulated by our genetics. Lithium is one of the most commonly prescribed treatments for bipolar disorder, but it is also used to supplement treatment in major depression. Lithium directly inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) activity, but the mechanism by which GSK3β inhibition improves depressive symptoms is unknown, as GSK3β plays a variety of roles in the brain. In a characterization of both FKBP1-knockout mice and patient clinical samples, Gassen et al. provide compelling evidence of the ability of lithium and the antidepressant paroxetine to inhibit GSK3β through FKBP51, which binds GSK3β and promotes its phosphorylation at serine 9 (pGSK3βS9). In vitro, lithium and paroxetine increase pGSK3βS9 in wild-type but not in FKBP51-KO cells. Moreover, FKBP51-KO mice treated with paroxetine have an attenuated increase in pGSK3βS9 and reduced amelioration of depression-like behavior relative to wild-type animals. In blood cells obtained from 21 healthy subjects, the effect of lithium and paroxetine on pGSK3βS9 showed a significant positive correlation with FKBP51 expression. There was also a significant correlation of pGSK3βS9 activity in blood samples taken at the time of hospital admission from 55 depression patients with their subsequent clinical improvement. When blood samples from these patients were treated ex vivo with lithium or paroxetine, the cellular response of pGSK3βS9 even more highly correlated with clinical improvement. The reported effect of antidepressants on pGSK3βS9 in patient blood samples suggests that this may serve as an indicator of patient pharmacological responsiveness, and also indicates that FKBP1 should be pursued as a target for therapeutic intervention in depression or bipolar disorder. N. C. Gassen et al ., FKBP51 inhibits GSK3β and augments the effects of distinct psychotropic medications. Mol. Psychiatry 10.1038/mp.2015.38 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/mp201538a.html
Dose-dependent effects of training and detraining on weight in 6406 runners during 7.4 years.

Objective Prior randomized and non-randomized training studies have failed to establish a dose-response relationship between vigorous exercise and weight loss; this failure may be due, in part, to their short durations and small sample sizes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether exercise reduces body weight and to examine the dose-response relationships between changes in exercise and changes in total and regional adiposity. Research methods and procedures This was a large prospective study of 3973 men and 1444 women who quit running (detraining), 270 men and 146 women who started running (training), and 420 men and 153 women who remained sedentary during 7.4 years of follow-up. The outcomes measured were weekly running distance, body weight, BMI, body circumferences, and bra cup size. Results There were significant inverse relationships between the changes in the amount of vigorous exercise (km/wk run) and the changes in weight and BMI in men (slope +/- standard error: -0.039 +/- 0.005 kg/km per week and -0.012 +/- 0.002 kg/m(2) per km/wk, respectively) and in older women (-0.060 +/- 0.018 kg/km per week and -0.022 +/- 0.007 kg/m(2) per km/wk) who quit running, and in initially sedentary men (-0.098 +/- 0.017 kg/km per week and -0.032 +/- 0.005 kg/m(2) per km/wk) and women (-0.062 +/- 0.023 kg/km per week and -0.021 +/- 0.008 kg/m(2) per km/wk) who started running. Changes in waist circumference, an indicator of intra-abdominal fat, were also inversely related to changes in running distance in men who quit (-0.026 +/- 0.005 cm/km per week) or started running (-0.078 +/- 0.017 cm/km per week). Discussion The initiation of vigorous exercise and its cessation decrease and increase, respectively, body weight and intra-abdominal fat, and these changes are proportional to the change in exercise dose.
Invariant Measures for Univalent Self-Maps of the Unit Disc

We develop a translation-type model for univalent self-maps φ of the unit disc $${\mathbb{D}}$$ having an interior fixed-point and use the model to classify the φ-invariant measures on $${\mathbb{D}}$$ . We are particularly interested in maps which can be embedded in continuous semigroups of holomorphic self-maps of $${\mathbb{D}}$$ .
Language research needs an “emotion revolution” and distributed models of the lexicon

Pavlenko urges the community of language researchers to modify their conceptions of the mental lexicon, based on findings from bilingualism and emotions. She makes a compelling case. While reading her article, one can temporarily forget that in contemporary practice, emotion is not regarded as relevant to the theoretical question of the structure of the mental lexicon.
Performance analysis of direct-sequence periodic commutation spreading in severely dispersive multipath channels

This paper analyzes the performance of direct-sequence periodic commutation spreading for severely dispersive single-user multipath channels. The system employs a set of K symbol-length spreading codes, with each member of the set used in turn. The analysis leads to the mixed cross-correlation function that is used to aid in development of a sequence selection algorithm. The algorithm is used to select sets of sequences from the large set of Kasami sequences to maximize performance. Analysis for specular multipath channels shows that the error probability performance of a system using periodic commutation spreading can exceed a system using traditional single-code spreading by 3 dB or more.
Hardware software system design of a generic embedded controller for industrial applications

The paper deals with system design of an industrial controller with an embedded microcontroller. The controller's application could be customized for any specific needs. The paper dwells on the system's architecture, system hardware design and the customized software design relevant to the controller's functionality. The paper illustrates the customization of the generic controller for a specific task. The system monitors ambient temperature and then registers it on the LCD display. The system annunciates the ambient temperature in a synthesized voice. The paper demonstrates how the customized functionality is achieved in software and then ported into the controller. The systems software is designed through a program written in C language with embedded assembly language as and when needed. This software development methodology provides a structured programming environment which leads to modularity and lends portability to the code.
Ethics and Sport: An Overview

(1983). Ethics and Sport: An Overview. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 21-32.
The mobilisation of the internal cold war in Italy

(1994). The mobilisation of the internal cold war in Italy. History of European Ideas: Vol. 19, No. 1-3, pp. 115-120.
Isokin: A Quantitative Model of the Kinesthetic Aspects of Spatial Habitability:

This paper describes a model of the kinesthetic aspect of spatial habitability which is being developed for NASA as a means of assessing the volumetric requirements for the space station. The quantitative model, called ISOKIN, defines the level and type of constraint that a confining space imposes on its occupant. An activity will be constrained either in the ways it can be performed (that is, performer adaption may be required) or in the positions where it can be performed (no adaption required). This model provides both the analyst and the designer the means to operationalize and measure formerly intuitive notions about the suitability of various proposed space station internal configurations for the activities being planned for them.
Reconsidering the venture capitalists' “value added” proposition: An interorganizational learning perspective

Abstract This study examines the interorganizational relationships among venture capitalists (VCs) and new venture teams (NVTs) for their contribution to long-term improvement in the performance of a venture. Research in (1) learning assistance, (2) NVT dismissal and (3) procedural justice provide important insights into the unique interorganizational relationship that exists among VCs and the NVTs they fund. We found the following: (1) no statistically significant support for strategic information, (2) a negative association for dismissals and (3) positive support for procedurally just interventions. These longitudinal findings suggest important future research on interorganizational relationships.
Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder: report of a case with diagnosis suggested in urine cytology and review of literature.

Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder is a rare entity characterized by the presence of an admixture of at least two types of mullerian tissue in the muscularis propria of the bladder. We report a case of mullerianosis of the urinary bladder in a 28-year-old nulliparous woman with no history of pelvic surgery or endometriosis, and the diagnosis of mullerianosis was suggested initially in urine cytopathology report. In this study, previously reported cases of mullerianosis of urinary bladder are reviewed, and differential diagnosis of endometrial-like cells in the urine has been discussed. Fewer than 20 cases of mullerianosis of the urinary bladder have been reported in the literature, and only one of these cases had cytological description in a urine specimen. Most of patients were of reproductive age ranging from 28 to 53 years and had no previous history of pelvic surgery or Cesarean section. The clinical presentations frequently were abdominal/pelvic pain and dysuria/hematuria, which may or may not be associated with menstruation. Radiologic study revealed polypoid, mass-like lesion ranging from 1 to 4.5 cm in size, predominantly involving the dome or posterior wall of the bladder. Histological sections showed two or more of the three related benign mullerian glandular epithelial proliferations—endometriosis, endosalpingiosis, and endocervicosis. Most of the patients have good prognosis with medical management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Molecular Basis of Goodpasture and Alport Syndromes: Beacons for the Discovery of the Collagen IV Family

The glomerular basement membrane (GBM), a principal component of the filtration barrier, is abnormal in several renal diseases. Notable examples include Alport syndrome, Goodpasture (GP) syndrome, and diabetic nephropathy. This commonality, as defined by previous clinical and basic studies, has
Altered development of visual subcortical projections following neonatal thalamic ablation in the hamster.

Previous research has demonstrated that precise patterns of axonal connectivity often develop during a series of stages characterized by pathfinding, target recognition, and address selection. This last stage involves the focusing of projections to a precisely defined region within the target. Because thalamic projections begin to innervate cortex before the latter stages are reached, these projections may be important in the establishment of adult-like patterns of cortical connectivity. To address this issue, we examined the mature corticopontine and corticospinal projections of visual cortex deprived of early thalamic input by visual thalamic ablation. Although ablations on the day of birth in hamsters did not disrupt the targeting of appropriate subcortical structures by visual cortical axons, they did alter the organization of projections within the basilar pons and spinal cord. The density and spread of visual corticopontine connections in lesioned animals was greatly increased relative to unlesioned animals, suggesting that thalamic afferents are required during address selection, when the topographic specificity of projections is established. To determine whether early visual thalamic ablation increases connectivity by stabilizing an exuberant developmental projection, we examined the normal development of visual corticopontine connections in hamsters ages postnatal days 1‐17 (P1‐P17). From the earliest ages, visual cortical axons innervate the pontine nucleus in regions specific to their adult projection zones and show progressive growth within these zones. At no time during development do projections exist that are equivalent to the projections found after thalamic ablation, suggesting that removal of thalamic input does not simply stabilize a developmental projection. J. Comp. Neurol. 424: 165‐178, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: corticopontine, corticospinal, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, visual cortex
Visual Cross-Modal Re-Organization in Children with Cochlear Implants.

Background Visual cross-modal re-organization is a neurophysiological process that occurs in deafness. The intact sensory modality of vision recruits cortical areas from the deprived sensory modality of audition. Such compensatory plasticity is documented in deaf adults and animals, and is related to deficits in speech perception performance in cochlear-implanted adults. However, it is unclear whether visual cross-modal re-organization takes place in cochlear-implanted children and whether it may be a source of variability contributing to speech and language outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if visual cross-modal re-organization occurs in cochlear-implanted children, and whether it is related to deficits in speech perception performance. Methods Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded via high-density EEG in 41 normal hearing children and 14 cochlear-implanted children, aged 5–15 years, in response to apparent motion and form change. Comparisons of VEP amplitude and latency, as well as source localization results, were conducted between the groups in order to view evidence of visual cross-modal re-organization. Finally, speech perception in background noise performance was correlated to the visual response in the implanted children. Results Distinct VEP morphological patterns were observed in both the normal hearing and cochlear-implanted children. However, the cochlear-implanted children demonstrated larger VEP amplitudes and earlier latency, concurrent with activation of right temporal cortex including auditory regions, suggestive of visual cross-modal re-organization. The VEP N1 latency was negatively related to speech perception in background noise for children with cochlear implants. Conclusion Our results are among the first to describe cross modal re-organization of auditory cortex by the visual modality in deaf children fitted with cochlear implants. Our findings suggest that, as a group, children with cochlear implants show evidence of visual cross-modal recruitment, which may be a contributing source of variability in speech perception outcomes with their implant.
Foldings of G-trees

The theory of group actions on trees is used to produce a proof of Grushko’s theorem, which extends to a theorem involving amalgamated free products; this mimics the author’s topological proof, but some new consequences are drawn. Theorems of Shenitzer and Swarup on amalgamations and HNN-extensions over cyclic subgroups are deduced as a consequence and somewhat generalized.
SC-03PAR1 INHIBITION SUPPRESSES A2B5-DEFINED GLIOMA PROGENITOR CELLS AND THEIR DERIVED GLIOMAS IN VIVO

In a comparison of gene expression by A2B5-defined glial tumor progenitor cells (TPCs) to glial progenitor cells derived from normal adult human brain (Cell Reports 3:2127-41, 2013), we found that the F2R gene encoding PAR1 was differentially over-expressed by TPCs isolated from primary gliomas at every stage of glioma progression. In this study, we therefore asked if PAR1 activation was causally associated with glioma progression. Lentiviral shRNAi knock-down of PAR1 inhibited the expansion and proliferation of glioma TPCs in vitro. We further found that the PAR-1 receptor antagonists SCH79797 and SCH530348 (vorapaxar) inhibited A2B5+ TPC expansion and migration in vitro. PAR1 knockdown also suppressed the tumorigenic potential of A2B5+ TPCs after transplantation into the brains of immunodeficient mice. In addition, mice given subcutaneous grafts of A2B5+ human glioma TPCs exhibited delayed tumor growth if treated with Vorapaxar, relative to xenografted control mice treated with only vehicle. Together, these data suggest that PAR1 may contribute to glioma progenitor expansion and tumor growth; as such, the abrogation of PAR1 signaling may contribute to the treatment of malignant glioma.
Kinks in Faraday Rotation of II-VI Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Faraday Rotation (FR) for II-VI semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are studied in magnetic fields up to 2.63T. Kinks in the FR were found, with a linear relationship between the QD sizes and field strengths. An explanation for the findings is given, based upon the occupation of Landau Levels.
Intravitreal aflibercept after bilateral bevacizumab-induced iritis

Purpose To present a case of neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with aflibercept intravitreal injections after bilateral bevacizumab injections, administered on separate dates, resulted in bilateral iritis. Case report A 73-year-old woman with a previous history of two episodes of nongranulomatous iritis in her right eye that was believed to be associated with her systemic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections for bilaterally occurring neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Initial bevacizumab injections in each eye administered sequentially over a week's time resulted in immediate-onset nongranulomatous iritis in each eye. Subsequent intravitreal injections of aflibercept were administered, and therapeutic benefit was achieved without occurrence of iritis. Conclusions In cases where intravitreal bevacizumab results in anterior uveitis, aflibercept may be a safe alternative therapeutic choice for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Infrared, vibrational circular dichroism, and Raman spectral simulations for β-sheet structures with various isotopic labels, interstrand, and stacking arrangements using density functional theory.

Infrared (IR), Raman, and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectral variations for different β-sheet structures were studied using simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) force field and intensity computations. The DFT vibrational parameters were obtained for β-sheet fragments containing nine-amides and constrained to a variety of conformations and strand arrangements. These were subsequently transferred onto corresponding larger β-sheet models, normally consisting of five strands with ten amides each, for spectral simulations. Further extension to fibril models composed of multiple stacked β-sheets was achieved by combining the transfer of DFT parameters for each sheet with dipole coupling methods for interactions between sheets. IR spectra of the amide I show different splitting patterns for parallel and antiparallel β-sheets, and their VCD, in the absence of intersheet stacking, have distinct sign variations. Isotopic labeling by 13C of selected residues yields spectral shifts and inte...
Site-Specific Protein Internal Motions Revealed by 2H Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Protein dynamics contribute significantly to biological events such as ligand binding, allosteric regulation, enzyme catalysis and signal transduction. In comparison with the backbone, protein side chains often present more diverse dynamics, which remain poorly understood for insoluble and membrane proteins at atomic resolution due to limitations of experimental techniques. We have designed a new 2H-13C-13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) technique that enables extraction of 2H quadrupolar tensor parameters and relaxation times with high sensitivity and accuracy. It thereby provides access to site-resolved protein side chain motional amplitudes and timescales. Herein we present the backbone and side chain dynamics of microcrystalline β1 immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G (GB1) that are elucidated on a per-site basis with the newly developed 2H SSNMR technique. Complex side chain motional networks were observed and demonstrated, remarkably, to correlate with protein binding activities. For example, large-amplitude side chain motions were observed for regions of GB1 contacting and interacting with immunoglobulin G (IgG). In contrast, rigid side chains were primarily found for residues in the structural core of GB1 that are absent from protein binding and interactions. The revealed protein internal motions provide new insights into the biological roles for side chain dynamics, which directly correlate to conformational entropy and have crucial contributions in energy changes upon the occurrences of biological events.
Gays in the Moralized Marketplace

Litigation against the Affordable Care Act’s contraceptive mandate marked the acceptance of a moralized marketplace in religious liberty doctrine. For-profit businesses — long the subject of extensive regulation as part of public commercial life — became endowed with moral lives and entitled to freedom from government intervention. As courts joined market freedom with religious liberty, the market became the baseline against which to measure the benefits and burdens of regulation.This Article argues that the moralized marketplace risks retrenchment of equal rights for gays and lesbians. Businesses’ claims to religious exemption from public accommodations antidiscrimination laws depend on reducing societal and individual interests in nondiscrimination to market access. With the market as the baseline, alternative vendors both negate the reason for regulation and serve as a means less restrictive of objecting businesses' religious freedom. The Article critiques the reduction of antidiscrimination law to mere market access. Antidiscrimination law has far broader aims, which would be thwarted by the expansive religious exemptions now under consideration. A guarantee of access to goods and services somewhere in the market cannot address social stigma, construct equal citizenship, and create an inclusive society — the goals to which prohibitions on discrimination aspire.Finally, the Article counsels against marriage triumphalism. Gays and lesbians may have attained marriage, but they are not treated as equals in our nation. One cannot assume societal change will continue apace, even as legal impediments to equality are erected in the form of religious exemptions.
Mitral valve replacement with cloth-covered composite-seat prostheses: The case for early operation

A review of 4 years' experience with the cloth-covered composite-seat Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis indicates a substantial reduction in early and late mortality rates as well as in complications related to the use of a prosthesis. In patients who had mitral valve replacement (MVR) with this prosthesis at the University of Oregon Medical School, functional results were infrequently influenced by operative or valve-related complications. The most important determinants of postoperative functional class (New York Heart Association) were the preoperative duration of symptoms and the response to medical management. In view of these findings, MVR with the current prosthesis may reasonably be offered early to moderately disabled patients with recent clinical deterioration who respond to medical treatment. It should no longer be restricted only to those with severe disability who can no longer respond to medical therapy.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Instability Following Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy.

Background Ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) is a well-established procedure for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome. Although uncommon, the procedure can be associated with complications including nonunion, malunion, and hardware irritation. Case Description We present a 56-year-old woman who developed extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon instability following an USO. Literature Review The etiology of such a complication can be multifactorial. Clinical Relevance The recurrence of ulnar pain following an USO should raise the suspicion of possible ECU instability within the differential diagnosis.