cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3D Capsule Networks for Object Classification With Weight Pruning

The proliferation of 3D sensors, due to the increased demand for 3D data, induced the 3D computer vision research in the last decade, and 3D data processing has gained a lot of interest. As in many other applications in computer vision, deep learning-based methods were quickly applied to 3D data classification and have become the state-of-the-art in this area. More recently, capsule networks , which are novel neural structures, have been introduced to enhance the ability of neural networks to better capture the parts-relationship, which yields more accurate classification with less training data. Moreover, deploying deep machine learning models on mobile platforms requires the models to be optimized due to limited memory and computational constraints. In this work, we propose methods to boost the accuracies of a standard 3D CNN-based and a Capsule Network-based classifier, help the training to better generalize the data distribution with limited data, and optimize the models for resource-constrained environments, such as mobile platforms. We also show that the introduction of capsules to 3D object classification pipeline improves the classification performance with limited training data, while a specifically optimized weight pruning method keeps the model compact enough for mobile deployment. Our broad spectrum of experiments show that proposed methods improve the performance of the base model while significantly reducing the memory and computation requirements.
Why is Populism Persuasive? Populism as Expression of Religio-Cultural History with the U.S. and U.S. Evangelicals as a Case Study

Populism is often criticized as a dark political theology as inscrutable as a religion to which one doesn't belong – a messianic craze incompatible with rational government. This article suggests t...
High-Fidelity Modeling of Human Microglia with Pluripotent Stem Cells

Summary Gosselin et al. (2017) reported that a tissue-environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity and that in vitro environments drastically alter the human microglia transcriptome. Recent 3-dimensional culture and human-mouse chimeric brain modeling systems developed using human pluripotent stem cells help us understand the complex properties of human microglia.
VenaTech Convertible Vena Cava Filter 6 Months after Conversion Follow-up.

Abstract Purpose To report device-related adverse events 6 months after placement or conversion of the VenaTech convertible vena cava filter (VTCF). Materials and Methods A review of 6-month follow-up data of an investigational device exemption multicenter, prospective, single-arm study was performed. The VTCF was implanted in 149 patients. Conversion was attempted in 64.4% of those patients (n = 96) and successfully in 96.9% of the patients (n = 93). A total of 76 patients completed imaging evaluation at 6 months after filter conversion. Patients who required continued venous thromboembolism prophylaxis at 6 months did not undergo a conversion attempt and were designated as nonconverted filter subjects. A total of 28 nonconverted filter subjects completed imaging evaluation at 6 months after implantation. Results Evaluation of patients at 6 months after conversion demonstrated 1 of 76 (1.3%) inferior vena cava (IVC) perforations with a filter strut greater than 3 mm outside of the caval lumen. No cases of recurrent PE, clinically significant filter migration, filter fracture, or IVC thrombosis were reported in the converted subjects. In the nonconverted filter subjects, there was a 14.3% (4 of 28) complete or nearly complete rate of IVC thromboses. There were no cases of recurrent pulmonary embolism, penetration, fracture, or spontaneous conversion in the nonconverted filter subjects. There was a significant reduction in the rate of IVC thrombosis and migration in the converted cohort compared to that in the nonconverted cohort. Conclusions At 6 months, the VTCF demonstrated low adverse event rates in the converted configuration, whereas a minority of patients with the nonconverted configuration demonstrated a high risk of IVC thrombosis.
Response to Anti-PD-1 in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A STAT Need.

Most colorectal cancers are microsatellite stable with no response to anti-PD-1 therapy, necessitating the development of new immunomodulatory treatment strategies. Co-inhibition of anti-PD-1 and STAT3 can elicit an effective anti-tumor response in a small subset of microsatellite stable colorectal cancer patients, and biomarkers predictive of response are under investigation.
Metabolic Consequences of Efferocytosis and its Impact on Atherosclerosis

Billions of cells undergo apoptosis daily and are swiftly removed by macrophages through an evolutionarily conserved program termed “efferocytosis”. Consequently, macromolecules within an apoptotic cell significantly burden a phagocyte with nutrients, such as lipids, oligonucleotides, and amino acids. In response to this nutrient overload, metabolic reprogramming must occur for the process of efferocytosis to remain non-phlogistic and to execute successive rounds of efferocytosis. The inability to undergo metabolic reprogramming after efferocytosis drives inflammation and impairs its resolution, often promoting many chronic inflammatory diseases. This is particularly evident for atherosclerosis, as metabolic reprogramming alters macrophage function in every stage of atherosclerosis, from the early formation of benign lesions to the progression of clinically relevant atheromas and during atherosclerosis regression upon aggressive lipid-lowering. This Review focuses on the metabolic pathways utilized upon apoptotic cell ingestion, the consequences of these metabolic pathways in macrophage function thereafter, and the role of metabolic reprogramming during atherosclerosis. Due to the growing interest in this new field, I introduce a new term, “efferotabolism”, as a means to define the process by which macrophages break down, metabolize, and respond to AC-derived macromolecules. Understanding these aspects of efferotabolism will shed light on novel strategies to combat atherosclerosis and compromised inflammation resolution.
Self-Supervised Human Activity Recognition by Augmenting Generative Adversarial Networks

This article proposes a novel approach for augmenting generative adversarial network (GAN) with a self-supervised task in order to improve its ability for encoding video representations that are useful in downstream tasks such as human activity recognition. In the proposed method, input video frames are randomly transformed by different spatial transformations, such as rotation, translation and shearing or temporal transformations such as shuffling temporal order of frames. Then discriminator is encouraged to predict the applied transformation by introducing an auxiliary loss. Subsequently, results prove superiority of the proposed method over baseline methods for providing a useful representation of videos used in human activity recognition performed on datasets such as KTH, UCF101 and Ball-Drop. Ball-Drop dataset is a specifically designed dataset for measuring executive functions in children through physically and cognitively demanding tasks. Using features from proposed method instead of baseline methods caused the top-1 classification accuracy to increase by more then 4%. Moreover, ablation study was performed to investigate the contribution of different transformations on downstream task.
Leakuidator: Leaky Resource Attacks and Countermeasures

Leaky resource attacks leverage the popularity of resource-sharing services to conduct targeted deanonymization on the web. They are simple to execute because many resource-sharing services are inherently vulnerable due to the trade-offs made between security and functionality. Even though previous work has shown that such attacks can lead to serious privacy threats, defending against this threat is an area that has remained largely unaddressed.
The Narratorial Function in Minimalist Fiction

The essay engages only narratorial strategies that are manifestations of essential features of the minimalist narrative in contemporary American fiction. Minimalism reduces text-level agency through narratorial functional disorders (devices that block those functions) and limits them further, even effaces them completely, in figural narratives whose focalizer is an inarticulate character. The consequential psyche (if the narrator is of this type) and phenomenological presentation together can result in almost complete information blackout in some works by Joy Williams, Jay McInerney, or Bret Easton Ellis.
Low-level Interfaces for High-level Parallel I/O

As the I/O needs of parallel scientific applications increase, file systems for multiprocessors are being designed to provide applications with parallel access to multiple disks. Many parallel file systems present applications with a conventional Unix-like interface that allows the application to access multiple disks transparently. By tracing all the activity of a parallel file system in a production, scientific computing environment, we show that many applications exhibit highly regular, but non-consecutive I/O access patterns. Since the conventional interface does not provide an efficient method of describing these patterns, we present three extensions to the interface that support strided, nested-strided, and nested-batched I/O requests. We show how these extensions can be used to express common access patterns.
Burkitt's lymphoma presenting with gastroduodenal involvement. Endoscopic description and review of the literature.

Abstract A 16-yr-old man with Burkitt's lymphoma presented with 1 mo of epigastric pain and was found at endoscopy to have gastric ulcers with nodular borders and a duodenal mass lesion. Laparotomy revealed a large pelvic mass and tumor involvement of the stomach, small bowel, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Presentation with gastroduodenal disease is unusual, and the endoscopic features of Burkitt's lymphoma have not been previously reported. Gastrointestinal involvement with Burkitt's lymphoma is reviewed, and characteristics of the North American and African varieties are contrasted.
2.3 Killer Cell Assays

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the different aspects of killer cell assays. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity plays an important role in the host immune defense against pathogens that reside within cells. Intracellular pathogens escape antibody-, complement-, and neutrophil-mediated defenses; therefore, to be cleared, infected cells have to be specifically identified and destroyed. Chromium51 labeled cells can be infected with a pathogen or coated with antigenic peptides and incubated together with CTLs. If the T cells, referred to as “effector cells” in these assays, detect their specific epitope on the surface of labeled target cells, they induce cell death and the damage of the cell membrane, releasing 51 Cr into the culture medium. 51 Cr-labeled target cells can be infected with intracellular pathogens and tested for lysis by specific CTLs. These assays can determine if pathogen-specific CTLs are elicited by infection and can characterize epitope presentation in actively infected cells, if epitope-specific T-cell clones or T-cell lines are available. Although different cell types can be used as target cells in CRA, the cell specificity of the pathogen may limit the range of available target cells.
Regulating Unions and Collective Bargaining

In this chapter, we present an outline of the economic analysis of the regulation of unions and collective bargaining. We begin with the simple model of the market for union services and analyze regulations that may increase or decrease either the demand or supply for union representation. In this way we provide an economic basis for evaluating government policies such as a prohibition on yellow dog contracts, a prohibition on discriminatory discharges, right to work laws and card check procedures for selecting a union, which may influence the demand and supply for union services and accordingly union density in the economy. Next we present simple expositions of the primary models of the impact of unions on wages and employment, including the monopoly model, the efficient contract or collective voice model and the median voter model. These models provide the basic framework for analyzing the impact of collective bargaining on equity, efficiency and voice. Finally, we discuss the concept of bargaining power and present two simple models of collective bargaining that depict the problem of strikes alternatively as a function of imperfect information and strategic behavior. These models provide a basis for evaluating government policies that are designed to change the relative bargaining power of labor and management such as allowing permanent replacements, allowing offensive lock-outs and allowing or prohibiting secondary boycotts. These models also allow us to evaluate the potential for government policies to promote cooperative labor relations and industrial peace such as requiring exchanges of information, good faith bargaining and appropriate bargaining units. The ultimate arbiter of the efficacy of various government policies is, of course, empirical work. Where appropriate, we cite the most important empirical work that is available on the examined problems.
Encouraging Empirical Research: Findings from the Music Appreciation Classroom

Empirical research can be a very useful tool for the music history pedagogue, as a collection of studies relating to the teaching of collegiate-level music appreciation classes has shown. Although the body of literature is small, the existing empirical research involving collegiate-level music appreciation classrooms provides important pedagogical findings. Studies have investigated how students’ backgrounds influence their music appreciation experience, the success of courses in increasing students’ levels of appreciation for music, and the effectiveness of particular curricular and teaching strategies in the music appreciation classroom. Findings from these studies can help music appreciation teachers make informed, research-supported choices when deciding how to structure and teach their courses. Examining these studies may also stimulate ideas for further areas of empirical research. A willingness to accept and engage in empirical research will lead to a better understanding of our students and an increased quality of teaching.
Degree of Concordance with DASH Diet Guidelines and Incidence of Hypertension and Fatal Cardiovascular Disease

Background Guidelines to prevent and treat hypertension advocate the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. Methods We studied whether a greater concordance with the DASH diet is associated with reduced incidence of hypertension (self-reported) and mortality from cardiovascular disease in 20,993 women initially aged 55 to 69 years. We created a DASH diet concordance score using food frequency data in 1986 and followed the women for events through 2002. Results No woman had perfect concordance with the DASH diet. Adjusted for age and energy intake, incidence of hypertension was inversely associated with the degree of concordance with the DASH diet, with hazard ratios across quintiles of 1.0, 0.91, 0.95, 0.99, and 0.87 ( P trend = .02). There also were inverse, but not monotonic, associations between better DASH diet concordance and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, and all cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, after adjustment for other risk factors, there was little evidence that any end point was associated with the DASH diet score. Conclusions Our results suggest that greater concordance with DASH guidelines did not have an independent long-term association with hypertension or cardiovascular mortality in this cohort. This implies that very high concordance, as achieved in the DASH trials, may be necessary to achieve any benefits of the DASH diet.
Commercializing chemical warfare: citrus, cyanide, and an endless war

Astonishing changes have occurred to agricultural production systems since WWII. As such, many people tend to date the origins of industrial chemical agricultural to the early 1940s. The origins of industrial chemical agriculture, however, both on and off the field, have a much longer history. Indeed, industrial agriculture’s much discussed chemical dependency—in particular its need for toxic chemicals—and the development of the industries that feed this fix, have a long and diverse past that extend well back into the nineteenth century. In this paper, through the narrative of a late nineteenth century creation story, I go in search of a crucial linchpin in that longer history. I argue that industrial pest control has been imbued with the practices, discourse, materials, and ethics of modern chemical warfare since its inception. Faced with pest-induced collapse, Los Angeles citrus growers and scientists of the USDA and UC Agricultural Extension chemically fixed the citrus pest problem by developing and utilizing the cyanide gas chamber. Cyanide fumigation quickly became the toxic cornerstone of the citrus industry, enabling its intensification and expansion as the pest infection became systemic. By the turn the century, furnished with an economic poison made cheap and weapons-grade due to changes in the world gold mining industry, growers transformed cyanide fumigation into a necessary agricultural input. In chemically overriding an agro-ecological contradiction of capitalist agriculture, growers, scientists, and government officials amalgamated industrially organized agriculture to accelerating and endless chemical warfare. These suddenly necessary agricultural practices signaled a state change in world-ecology and agroindustrial organization, thus, the discovery of effective industrial control for citrus pests was not only a pivotal moment in the history of Southern California but it was also an event that has had world-historical implications.
Measurement precision for a fiber optic diffuse reflectance sensor

The fiber optic bundle design for a diffuse reflectance sensor used to determine cutting time in cheese manufacture was analyzed. Signal noise in such sensors has been observed to increase with light power. Fiber bundle design was investigated to determine the effect of light flux on the precision of measurement. It was found that the signal noise for a diffuse reflectance sensor in milk, as measured by the standard deviation of the signal, increases with the flux of light emitted at the distal end of the fiber bundle. The precision of measurement, as measured by the signal output divided by the standard deviation of the signal, increased as light power increased but there was a large difference between fiber bundles. The data suggests that signal noise is reduced with larger total fiber area and decreased light flux.
Hematology: Thalidomide maintenance in multiple myeloma.

Thalidomide is frequently used in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma, but its role as maintenance therapy following autologous stem-cell transplantation has been an area of uncertainty. In this article we consider the efficacy of thalidomide maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma.
Mid-arm approach to basilic and cephalic vein cannulation using ultrasound guidance

Central venous lines are often used when there is difficulty obtaining peripheral venous access. The basilic and cephalic veins in the mid-arm region, although difficult to see or palpate, can be imaged longitudinally and cannulated using real-time ultrasonography, providing an easy alternative. These techniques are described, with reports of four typical cases.
Endothelin-induced prostacyclin production in rat aortic endothelial cells is meditated by protein kinase C

Abstract Endothelin (ET) is a vasoconstrictor peptide released from endothelial cells that is known to cause prostaglandin (PG) release. The mechanism remains unclear. To determine whether the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway is stimulated by endothelin, we pretreated rat aortic endothelial cells with either PKC activator or inhibitors and measured the release of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) by radioimmunoassay. ET (10 −9 M) produced a 10-fold increase in PGI 2 release. Pretreatment with 10 −9 M of three different PKC inhibitors: 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl) piperazine (CL), staurosporine, and 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl-methyl) piperazine (H7) blocked ET induced PGI 2 release. ET induced prostacyclin release was also blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of either phospholipase A 2 (7,7,dimethyleicosadienoic acid or trifluoromethyl ketone analogue) (10 −9 M) or cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) (10–9M). We conclude that ET activates PKC which activates phospholipase A 2 which liberates arachidonic acid which increases PGI 2 production and release.
Extension and Density of Root Fillings and Postoperative Apical Radiolucencies in the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study

Abstract We evaluated the association between radiographically assessed extension and density of root canal fillings and postoperative apical radiolucencies (ARs) by using data from 288 participants in the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study. Study subjects were not Veterans Affairs patients; all received their medical and dental care in the private sector. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for multiple teeth within subjects and to control for covariates of interest. Defective root filling density was associated with increased odds of postoperative AR among teeth with no preoperative AR (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–7.1), although preoperative AR was the strongest risk factor for postoperative AR (odds ratio, 29.2; 95% CI, 13.6–63.0 among teeth with ideal density). Compared with well-extended root fillings, neither overextended nor underextended root fillings separately were related to postoperative AR, but when those 2 categories were collapsed into one poorly extended category, poor extension was related to postoperative AR (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–3.2).
Analysis of monoterpenes emitted and absorbed by undamaged boles of lodgepole pine.

Abstract The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile compounds emitted and absorbed by undamaged boles of lodgepole pine trees ( Pinus contorta murrayana ) was determined by trapping the compounds on activated charcoal in the field. Among eight samples, each from a different tree, total volatile flux ranged between 60.61 μg m −2 day −1 emitted and 0.61 μg m −2 day −1 absorbed to give a mean of 11.89 μg m −2 day −1 emitted. The main compounds emitted were β-phellandrene, p -cymene, β-pinene, an oxygenated monoterpene, and α-pinene. Absorption of β-pinene from that present in ambient forest air was observed in two samples.
AN ACOUSTIC LINK BETWEEN BLUE WHALES IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC AND THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC1

ABSTRACT B lue whale calls in th e eastern N o rth P acific Ocean consist of a two-part call often termed th e A -B call. T h is call has been described for regions offshore of Oregon, W ashington, and California, U SA and th e Sea of C o rtet, M exico (review ed in Rivers 1 9 9 7 ). D ata collected from moored hydrophones in th e eastern tropical P acific (E T P ) indicate th at the A-B p attern is common in th is region as well. T here is consistency in this call type th ro u g h o u t the eastern N o rth P acific and throughout the year. T his acoustic evidence indi- cates continuity between blue w hales in th e E T P and those found west of N o rth America. T h e acoustic d ata suggest th at th e population of blue w hales generally referred to as th e OCalifornidMexicoO stock m ig h t better be termed th e Onortheast P acificO stock of blue w hales. Key w ords: blue whale, B alaen optera m u scu lu s, distribution, m igration, acous- tics.
Positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography‐CT evaluation for recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma: Meta‐analysis and literature review

Background Sensitivity and specificity data regarding positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT for surveillance of well-differentiated thyroid cancer does not evaluate subtypes separately. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma may have different characteristics on PET/CT imaging and so should be investigated individually. Methods This is a systematic meta-analysis of studies using PET for surveillance in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Results Using different statistical models, combined sensitivity of PET and PET/CT for papillary thyroid carcinoma was 77% by the fixed effect model and 82% by the random-effects model, specificity was calculated as 85% and 84%, respectively. Meta-regression was performed to evaluate whether I-131 negativity affected PET positivity; no correlation between I-131 negativity and PET sensitivity or specificity was found. Conclusion PET and PET/CT are useful modalities in surveillance of papillary thyroid carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine papillary thyroid carcinoma independently of other subtypes of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Perspectives on (1 1 0) channel die compression and analysis of the Goss orientation

Abstract The set of geometrically based slip-systems hardening inequalities introduced in Havner [Havner, K.S., 2005. Philos. Mag. 85, 2861–2894] is applied to the analysis and prediction of experimental response of fcc crystals in the singular ‘Goss’ orientation of the channel die test – loading direction (1 1 0), lateral constraint direction ( 1 ¯ 1 0 ) . In addition, perspectives from my previous analyses of (1 1 0) channel die compression (2007–10) are presented and relationships between hardening moduli and compressive stress–strain curves evaluated for aluminum and copper in each lattice-orientation range. In the Goss orientation and for all orientation ranges in (1 1 0) compression, theoretical results for active slip planes, principal slip-rates, lattice rotation or stability, and finite crystal shearing are fully consistent with the gross-scale, finite-deformation experimental response of aluminum and copper crystals.
In vitro cytotoxicity of nitric oxide-releasing sol-gel derived materials.

Abstract The cytotoxicity of bare and PU-coated nitric oxide (NO)-releasing sol–gel derived materials (sol–gels) was investigated using L929 mouse fibroblasts in both direct and indirect contact models to differentiate between the biological impact of the sol–gel matrix and NO release. The flux of NO was varied up to 150 pmol cm −2 s −1 using N -(6-aminohexyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (balance iso-butyltrimethoxysilane) diazeniumdiolate (NO donor)-modified sol–gels. The addition of a polyurethane (PU) outer membrane greatly improved the stability of the sol–gel matrix without significantly suppressing the NO flux. Direct contact studies demonstrated a cytotoxic effect that was dependent on the aminosilane content of the sol–gel. The use of the thin PU overcoat eliminated this effect. A direct cytotoxicity dependence of NO release for L929 fibroblasts was discovered from indirect contact studies, where 24 h exposure to NO fluxes in excess of 50 pmol cm −2 s −1 was cytotoxic.
Do eukaryotic carboxyl methyltransferase regulate protein function

Abstract Reversible covalent modification is one mechanism by which protein function can be regulated. On the other hand, not all such modification systems may have a regulatory function. We describe here a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein methyltransferase which appears to have a role in the repair or degradation of damaged proteins.
Differential accumulation of cadmium and changes in glutathione levels as a function of symbiotic state in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima

Coastal ecosystems are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic activities and contaminant inputs, including heavy metals. This paper investigates the responses to laboratory cadmium exposures in the North American Pacific coast temperate sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. Anemones were exposed to cadmium chloride (control, 20 and 100 μg l−1 Cd) for 14 days (sampled at days 0, 2, 7 and 14) and analyzed for Cd content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Higher levels of Cd were demonstrated in symbiotic anemones compared to symbiont-free (aposymbiotic) anemones (e.g. 100 μg l−1 Cd exposure at day 14; 12.4±2.4 and 4.5±1.9 ng Cd mg−1 dry weight, respectively; t-test; p 0.05) but rather to increased accumulation by both partners. No changes in algal cell density were observed in symbiotic anemone tentacle clips at any dose or time point (ANOVA; p>0.05). Changes in glutathione (GSH) levels have been proposed as a useful biomarker in other marine invertebrates in response to heavy metal stress, but GSH studies have not been reported for this species. We demonstrate the presence of GSH in A. elegantissima and its depletion (58.2% of control values) following 1-week exposure to buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a nontoxic chemical known to deplete GSH. Levels of GSH were higher in symbiotic compared to aposymbiotic anemones (control averages, 563±81 and 485±58 nmol GSH mg−1 wet weight, respectively; t-test; p<0.001). Following Cd exposure, significant reductions (t-test; p<0.05) in GSH levels were observed only in the aposymbiotic anemones (exposure to 100 μg l−1 Cd resulted in a 27% reduction from control levels at day 14). Our results demonstrate that the accumulation of Cd depends upon symbiotic state and provides the first identification of a GSH response in anemones and indeed in any cnidarian in response to heavy metals.
Compact representation of contour plots for phone line transmission

Methods for the compact representation of contour plots are described and tested. These are intended to reduce the cost of transmitting contour plots over phone lines. We feel some of these methods could be used to transmit contour plots over voice grade phone lines.
A theoretical study of the inviscid hypersonic flow about a conical flat-top wing-body combination

16 Slattery, R. E. and Clay, W. G., "The turbulent wake of hypersonic bodies," ARS Preprint 2673-62 (1962). 17 Lykoudis, P. S., "The growth of the hypersonic turbulent wake behind blunt and slender bodies," The Rand Corp. Memo. RM-3270-PR (January 1963). 18 Pallone, A. J., Erdos, I. I., Eckerman, J., and McKay, W., "Hypersonic laminar wakes and transition studies," AIAA Preprint 63-171 (1963). 19 Lees, L., "Hypersonic wakes and trails," ARS Preprint 2662-62(1962). 20 Demetriades, A. and Gold, H., "Transition to turbulence in the hypersonic wake of blunt-bluff bodies," ARS J. 32, 14201421 (1962). 21 Demetriades, A. and Gold, H., "Correlation of blunt-bluff body wake transition data," Graduate Aeronautical Lab., California Institute of Technology Internal Memo. 12 (September 1962).
Schrödinger Equations with Fractional Laplacians

It is shown that the unique solution of \begin{array}{@{}l} {\frac{\partial }{\partial t}} \Psi(t,x) =-(z^2)^{\alpha/2}(-\Delta)^{\alpha/2}\Psi(t,x)+V(z, x)\Psi(t,x),\\ \Psi(0, x)=f(x), \end{array}\right. } can be represented as { \Psi(t,x)=\Bbb E f(x+(z)^{1/\alpha}X_s)\exp\left\{ \int_0^t V(z, x+(z)^{1\alpha} X_u)\,du\right\}, } where X=(X t , t≥ 0) is a stable process whose generator is (-Δ) α/2 with X 0 =0 .
Advances in Monoclonal Antibody Technology: Genetic Engineering of Mice, Cells, and Immunoglobulins

The ability to produce antibodies that are directed against specific antigens has played a crucial role in advancing scientific discoveries. Recombinant technologies have extended the application of antibodies beyond the research laboratory and into the clinic for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Creative approaches using these technologies have been used to reduce the antibody to its minimal functional size, and/or make them bifunctional (immunotoxins), bispecific, or less immunoreactive (humanized). Additionally, mice that are engineered to generate antibodies of human genomic origin have been used to produce therapeutic antibodies and are being further developed. As the research and clinical demands for antibodies continue to increase, the development of improved resources (cell lines and animals) to improve production efficiency, generate larger repertoires, and deliver greater yields of antibodies is being explored, and advances in this area are discussed further in this review.
Pulse Sequence for Multislice T1ρ-Weighted MRI

A 2D multislice spin-lock (MS-SL) MR pulse sequence is presented for rapid volumetric T1ρ-weighted imaging. Image quality is compared with T1ρ-weighted data collected using a single-slice (SS) SL sequence and T2-weighted data from a standard MS spin-echo (SE) sequence. Saturation of longitudinal magnetization by the application of nonselective SL pulses is experimentally measured and theoretically modeled as T2ρ decay. The saturation data is used to correct the image data as a function of the SL pulse duration to make quantitative measurements of T1ρ. Measurements of T1ρ using the saturation-corrected MS-SL data are nearly identical to those measured using an SS-SL sequence. The MS-SL sequence produces quantitative T1ρ maps of an entire sample volume with the high-SNR advantages conferred by SE-based sequences. Magn Reson Med 51:362–369, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma with high-dose methotrexate is effective and outpatient therapy is now possible.

Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma with high-dose methotrexate is effective and outpatient therapy is now possible
A minimum area (MA) targeting scheme for single component MEN and HEN synthesis

Abstract A systematic methodology is developed that quantifies the minimum area (MA) target over all mass exchange/heat exchange networks with single component target compositions/temperatures. The resulting mathematical formulation is a Zero–One Integer Linear Program which is polynomially solvable. The methodology is illustrated through synthesis examples in which we identify MA targets for both heat exchange networks (HEN) and single component mass exchange networks (MEN). We further establish, through a rigorous mathematical proof, that co-current mass (heat) exchange configurations are sub-optimal to counter-current configurations in regard to a MA objective.
Dual AV Nodal Pathway Physiology After Injury with Radiofrequency Energy in a Patient Without a History of Reentrant Tachycardia

Radiofrequency (RF) atrioventricular (AV) nodal modification has been reported to occasionally produce a proarrhythmic effect. Dual AV nodal pathway physiology in patients without reentrant tachychardia has also been reported. This case describes AV nodal modification with RF energy in an anatomically intermediate area resulting in the appearance of discontinuous antegrade conduction curves and reentry in a patient in which these were previously not present. This suggests that AV nodal injury may be a mechanism for acquired AV nodal reentry.
Hopf algebras of dimension pq, II

Abstract Let H be a Hopf algebra of dimension pq over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, where p , q are odd primes with p q ⩽ 4 p + 11 . We prove that H is semisimple and thus isomorphic to a group algebra, or the dual of a group algebra.
Tennyson's relation to the stage

(1964). Tennyson's relation to the stage. The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 149-157.
Dialysis in the Frail Elderly — A Current Ethical Problem, an Impending Ethical Crisis

The current practice of hemodialysis for the frail elderly frequently ignores core bioethical principles. Lack of transparency and shared decision making coupled with financial incentives to treat have resulted in problems of overtreatment near the end of life. Imminent changes in reimbursement for hemodialysis will reverse the financial incentives to favor not treating high-risk patients. In this article, we describe what is empirically known about the approach to hemodialysis today, and how it violates four core ethical principles. We then discuss how the new financial system turns physician and organizational incentives upside down in ways that may exacerbate the ethical dilemmas, but in the opposite direction.
Nontransplant Surgical Options for Congestive Heart Failure

A wide array of surgical options are currently available for the treatment of congestive heart failure ranging from traditional coronary artery bypass grafting to total artificial heart implantation. The indications for each procedure depend on the severity of disease and the individual patients desires. Some surgical options are indicated for patients with moderate disease and prevent worsening heart failure, whereas other procedures are limited to patients who will only survive with high-risk surgery. Ongoing technologic advances are increasing the number of patients that benefit from the reparative surgical treatment of congestive heart failure.
Reactions at the termini of tRNA with T4 RNA ligase

Abstract T4 RNA ligase will catalyze the addition of nucleoside 3', 5'-bisphosphates onto the 3' terminus of tRNA resulting in tRNA molecule one nucleotide longer with a 3' terminal phosphate. Under appropriate conditions the reaction is quantitative and, if high specific radioactivity bisphosphates are used, it provides an efficient means for in vitro labeling of tRNA. Although the 3' terminal hydroxyl is a good acceptor, the 5' terminal phosphate in most tRNA's is not an effective donor in the RNA ligase reaction. This poor reactivity is due to the secondary structure of the 5' terminal nucleotide. If E. Coli tRNAf Met is used, the 5' phosphate is reactive and the major product with RNA ligase is the cyclic tRNA.
The Political Implications of Disability Definitions and Data

The purpose of this analysis is to examine and to compare the conceptual, methodological, and operational implications of the medical and economic perspectives that have formed the bases of the tra...
Modeling Volumetric Clarifying Filtration of Particulate Matter for Transient Rainfall-Runoff Loadings

Volumetric clarification incorporating filtration with engineered granular media is increasingly used as a viable combined unit operation for separation of rainfall-runoff particulate matter (PM). Such combined unit operations are typically operated at the catchment-level for rainfall-runoff clarification of transient loadings, in contrast to centralized watershed or sewershed regional treatment. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study models the PM separation by a volumetric clarifying filter (VCF) subject to unsteady event-based hydrologic, hydraulic, mass, and particle size distribution (PSD) loadings. Modeled and measured physical model results indicate that the VCF is capable of PM load reductions and effluent concentrations at or below 30 mg/L. These results, with PM measured as suspended sediment concentration (SSC) represent reductions ranging from 83 to 97% on an event basis. CFD model results predict effluent PM mass loads. Modeled effluent median particle diameter ( d50m ) , as an ...
An Actuator-Disk Model for Predicting Stall Flutter of Steam Turbines

A deforming actuator disk model for predicting stall flutter of the last stage in steam turbines is presented in this paper, which is transplanted from predicting stall flutter of axial-flow fans and compressors of aero-engines. The onset of stall flutter in steam turbines has been predicted by means of this method. Some comparisons between predictions and experimental results are presented.Copyright © 1985 by ASME
The deterrence of crime through private security efforts: Theory and evidence

Abstract Private individuals and entities invest in a wide variety of market-provisioned self-protection devices or services to mitigate their probability of victimization to crime. However, evaluating the effect of such private security measures remains understudied in the economics of crime literature. Unlike most previous studies, the present analysis considers four separate measures of private security: security guards, detectives and investigators, security system installers, and locksmiths. The effects of laws allowing the concealed carrying of weapons are also evaluated. As private security efforts are potentially endogenous to crime rates, dynamic GMM panel data models are estimated in addition to structural (non-instrumented) regressions. The empirical results suggest that the impact of private security efforts generally varies across crime types, though there appears to be a robust negative relationship between the employment of security system installers and the rate of property offenses.
In vitro testosterone synthesis by rat testicular tissue.

Rat testicular homogenates were incubated with various labeled steroids and the metabolic products isolated by thin layer chromatography. Long term (3-hour) incubations and kinetic experiments were performed. The results suggest that androstenedione and testosterone are made by independent pathways, the former by a Δ4 pathway, the latter by a Δ5 route, and are not readily interconvertible. In the Δ5 pathway, the desmolase reaction appears to be rate-limiting. Dehydroepiandrosterone is not an important intermediate in testosterone biosynthesis, being rapidly converted to androstenedione. Δ5 -Androstenediol is rapidly oxidized to testosterone, but we have, as yet, no proof that it is an intermediate. The Δ4 route does not seem to have a pronounced rate-limiting step and, as a consequence, androstenedione is synthesized several times faster than testosterone.
Benefit of a 37°C extracorporeal circuit in plasma exchange therapy for selected cases with cold agglutinin disease

Plasmapheresis is commonly advocated in cold agglutinin disease with life-threatening hemolysis. Some clinicians, however, are reluctant to use this therapy because of perceived technical problems and risks attendant with the temperature of the extracorporeal circulation. In this study we report our experience of two patients with severe life-threatening hemolysis and in whom plasma exchange was not feasible due to red blood cell autoagglutination in the extracorporeal circuit. A method is described involving the use of blood warmers and the Fenwal CS-3000 blood cell separator with its 37 degrees C centrifuge compartment. The use of plasma exchange in this manner is a safe and beneficial form of adjunctive therapy and should be considered for patients with cold agglutinin disease at risk for extracorporeal agglutination or hemolysis.
TCT-876 Decreasing B – Type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Survival After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released in response to increased myocardial wall stress and its levels are known to increase in diastolic and systolic heart failure. Heart failure related to severe aortic stenosis is expected to improve after valve replacement. We examined the relationship
PHOTOGRAPHS AS SEXUAL ADVERTISEMENTS: RESPONSES TO PERSONAL ADS

L'A. analyse les reponses obtenues a des annonces matrimoniales. Il souligne que les hommes pretent plus attention a l'aspect physique des femmes. Ces dernieres pretent une plus grande attention a la reussite professionnelle des hommes. Il examine les photographies communiquees avec les reponses a des annonces. Il decrit de quelle maniere la photographie peut intervenir dans la presentation de soi-meme. Il souligne certaines differences entre hommes et femmes dans le choix des photographies.
Synchronous Ventral Hernia Repair in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Background Obesity predisposes patients to abdominal wall hernias. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery are not uncommonly found to have ventral hernias. Synchronous ventral hernia repair (S-VHR) has been reported in 2–5 % of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Studies reporting on the outcomes of S-VHR are limited by sample size. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of S-VHR on surgical site infection (SSI) rate.
Optimal parallel scheduling of M-way join queries

Abstract The problem of computing multirelation (M-way) join queries on uniprocessor architectures has been considered by many researchers in the past. This paper lays the necessary foundation for work involving optimization of M-way joins in parallel architectures. We explain the inadequacies of previous uniprocessor strategies and describe a more suitable formulation based on the concept of matching in graph theory to approach the problem in a parallel environment. It has been shown that the problem of optimizing M-way joins is an NP-hard problem and hence we would expect that in a parallel processing environment the search space of possible solutions (join schedules) would be enormous, especially when a variable number of processors are considered. Our strategy seeks to reduce the region to search by partitioning the search space according to the number of available processors. Based on this a significant portion of the search space, which will produce non-optimal join schedules, may be ignored.
The Molecular Interactions That Stabilize RNA Tertiary Structure: RNA Motifs, Patterns, and Networks

RNA molecules adopt specific three-dimensional structures critical to their function. Many essential metabolic processes, including protein synthesis and RNA splicing, are carried out by RNA molecules with elaborate tertiary structures (e.g. 3QIQ, right). Indeed, the ribosome and self-splicing introns are complex RNA machines. But even the coding regions in messenger RNAs and viral RNAs are flanked by highly structured untranslated regions, which provide regulatory information necessary for gene expression.RNA tertiary structure is defined as the three-dimensional arrangement of RNA building blocks, which include helical duplexes, triple-stranded structures, and other components that are held together through connections collectively termed RNA tertiary interactions. The structural diversity of these interactions is now a subject of intense investigation, involving the techniques of NMR, X-ray crystallography, chemical genetics, and phylogenetic analysis. At the same time, many investigators are using bio...
Mechanics of Off-the-Road Locomotion:

Off-the-road locomotion has always been, an important part of technology and economics. Yet it has never been treated within a comprehensive theoretical approach. Space research, and in particular ...