cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topography of the high-affinity lysine binding site of plasminogen as defined with a specific antibody probe

An antibody population that reacted with the high-affinity lysine binding site of human plasminogen was elicited by immunizing rabbits with an elastase degradation product containing kringles 1-3 (EDP I). This antibody was immunopurified by affinity chromatography on plasminogen-Sepharose and elution with 0.2 M 6-aminohexanoic acid. The eluted antibodies bound [125I]EDP I, [125I]Glu-plasminogen, and [125I]Lys-plasminogen in radioimmunoassays, and binding of each ligand was at least 99% inhibited by 0.2 M 6-aminohexanoic acid. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of [125I]EDP I binding by tranexamic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid, and lysine were 2.6, 46, and 1730 microM, respectively. Similar values were obtained with plasminogen and suggested that an unoccupied high-affinity lysine binding site was required for antibody recognition. The antiserum reacted exclusively with plasminogen derivatives containing the EDP I region (EDP I, Glu-plasminogen, Lys-plasminogen, and the plasmin heavy chain) and did not react with those lacking an EDP I region [miniplasminogen, the plasmin light chain or EDP II (kringle 4)] or with tissue plasminogen activator or prothrombin, which also contain kringles. By immunoblotting analyses, a chymotryptic degradation product of Mr 20,000 was derived from EDP I that retained reactivity with the antibody. The high-affinity lysine binding site was equally available to the antibody probe in Glu- and Lys-plasminogen and also appeared to be unoccupied in the plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex. alpha 2-Antiplasmin inhibited the binding of radiolabeled EDP I, Glu-plasminogen, or Lys-plasminogen by the antiserum, suggesting that the recognized site is involved in the noncovalent interaction of the inhibitor with plasminogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Web‐based integrated project control system

This paper presents a system that supports project time and cost control in an integrated manner. The system utilizes object‐oriented modelling to represent the process of project delivery. A set of control objects is designed to map the process of project control. Eighteen key indicators are considered to represent the resources utilized in each control object and serve as sensors to highlight problematic areas associated with unfavourable performance. A Three‐Tier Client/Sever computer system is designed to implement the developed system. Daily, weekly, monthly and/or yearly, period‐by‐period, and cumulative to‐date project performance reports are generated to provide the status at project, control object and resource levels. An example drawn from the literature is analysed to allow for comparison with the results obtained using the proposed methodology. The example also serves the purpose of demonstrating the use of the proposed system and illustrating its essential features.
Black Self-Love, Language, and the Teacher Education Dilemma: The Cultural Denial and Cultural Limbo of African American Preservice Teachers

The phenomenon of “cultural denial” and “cultural limbo” among African American preservice teachers with a linguistic allegiance to African American English was investigated. The African American preservice teachers embodied a strong ethos of African American cultural love, which included African American English. Teacher education programs, however, view African American English as unacceptable. Analysis yielded a pattern in which the speaker of African American English felt pressured to repudiate or deny the supportive cultural structures because of the nonstandard English spoken in those domains. The preservice teacher who spoke Standard English felt unable to be identified as fully African American and thus experienced cultural limbo. Survival strategies amid these pressures were explored.
THE OSMOTIC BEHAVIOR OF CRENATED RED CELLS

The anomalously small swelling which the red cells of human oxalated blood undergo in hypotonic plasma is related to the extent to which the cells are crenated. Reasons are given for regarding crenation as corresponding to gelation, and the bulk modulus for crenated cells, calculated from the measurements of swelling in hypotonic plasma, is shown to be of the same order as that for gelatin gels.
Collision induced dissociation of alpha hydroxy acids: Evidence of an ion-neutral complex intermediate

Abstract Alpha hydroxy acids typically dissociate in tandem mass spectrometric experiments to produce product ions representing a neutral loss of 46 Da (CH2O2) in negative ion mode. Although it is widely accepted that the carboxylate group is lost in the dissociation process, the origin of the remaining two hydrogens is unclear. The current study utilizes an alpha hydroxy acid chemical library and deuterium labeling experiments to identify the origin of the two hydrogens lost during dissociation. Secondly, this study investigates the lower m/z region of the CID spectrum, a region previously unexplored, to aid in characterizing the dissociation mechanism. Further experiments testing the energy requirements and time parameters of the dissociation also are consistent with criteria previously defined for ion-neutral complex formation. In addition to describing the mechanism for the loss of CH2O2, we have conducted experiments that demonstrate the important chemical features of molecules that can prevent alpha hydroxy acids from undergoing the loss of 46 Da. By understanding the chemical composition of the 46 Da loss, the dissociation mechanism responsible for the loss, and the factors that hinder this mechanistic pathway, chemical information about alpha hydroxy acids can be obtained from their CID data.
CT appearance of congenital defect resembling the Hangman's fracture

Purpose. Congenital defects of C2 are rare and can be confused with Hangman's fractures. CT has been advocated as aiding in differentiation between an acute fracture and congenital defects. Methods. We present a case of a 2-year-old recent accident victim, who was erroneously diagnosed by plain film and CT as having a Hangman's fracture. Results. The CT demonstrated an atypical appearance of a congenital defect. Conclusion. This case shows that the radiographic differentiation between a Hangman's fracture and a congenital defect is more difficult than previously described.
Synaptotagmin Linker: Tuning of Cooperativity in Calcium Ion Binding

Synaptotagmin I (Syt I) contains two Ca2+ and phospholipid binding domains (C2A and C2B) that function in the regulated exocytosis of neurotranmsitters. Syt I participates in the sensing of the Ca2+ influx in nerve cells during signal propagation. C2A and C2B are linked to each other with C2A, the domain closest to the vesicle, having a linker region connecting the protein to a vesicle. A combination of differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy were used to study free energy of stability of C2A constructs with varying length of the linker region. These studies showed a decrease in stability with the inclusion of the linker region. From these findings, we propose that the linker region has an impact on the binding affinity of endogenous ligands (phospholipids and Ca2+) by the binding domain. We used isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate and compare the binding of endogenous ligand by the domain with and without the linker. The inclusion of the linker led to a decrease in binding affinity, but the linker promoted cooperativity between binding sites allowing for an increased responsiveness to local ligand concentrations. Although the linker is not in close proximity to the Ca2+ binding loops, there is still an effect on binding. This can be linked to the relatively low stability, which allows for small structural changes to make a difference in the ligand binding. The cooperativity between binding sites allows for the saturation of C2A to be more dramatic over a narrower range of ligand concentration. The wider range of responsiveness suggests that Syt I is able to respond better to the influx of Ca2+ affecting its ability to participate in exocytotic events.
Shape-selective isopropylation of naphthalene over H–mordenite catalysts for environmentally friendly synthesis of 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene

Abstract Recent development of advanced polymer materials such as polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate and liquid crystalline polymers has created an increasing demand for 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene, which has spurred interest in shape-selective naphthalene alkylation. This work deals with mordenite-catalyzed shape-selective naphthalene isopropylation to produce 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6-DIPN). Effects of dealumination of mordenite on the structural and acidic characteristics and on the shape selectivity and activity were examined by physicochemical analysis, TPD, solid-state 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR, XRD, as well as catalytic alkylation reactions. Dealumination removes octahedral Al species as well as tetrahedral Al species, decreases the unit cell dimensions and reduces the number of strong acid sites in mordenites. Proper dealumination can improve selectivity to 2,6-DIPN from 33 to 61 % and significantly increases 2,6/2,7 ratio. Improved selectivity to 2,6-DIPN upon proper dealumination was attributed to the decrease in mordenite acidity, reduction in unit cell dimension and removal of some strong acid sites. However, neither the change in selectivity nor that in activity is a simple function of dealumination degree or SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Some minor difference in the apparent framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratio can result in a major difference in activity or selectivity. There exist optimum conditions of dealumination as well as optimum reaction conditions for achieving higher selectivity to 2,6-DIPN.
Comparative analysis of Double Stator Switched Reluctance Machine and Permanent Magnet Synchronous machine

High torque density Permanent Magnet machine are widely used in practice. However, the rising cost of high energy rare earth permanent magnet material stimulates the needs for electrical machines using less or no permanent magnet. Double Stator Switched Reluctance Machine is a novel high torque density reluctance machine. This paper provides a comparison between surface mount Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine and Double Stator Switched Reluctance Machine. Their generated electromagnetic force components are investigated. Torque density and material cost are compared via case study.
Cluster-solid interactions

It is expected that during the impact of a cluster ion with a surface the interactions among the participating atoms will create transient conditions that are more extreme than those found for the impacts of individual atoms. At energies of keV per atom molecular dynamics simulations suggest a variety of experimental observations that may provide diagnostic information about the impact. Among the phenomena predicted are: an enhanced probability for the rebound (“splash”) of energetic atoms from the projectile; the emission of sharp-line Auger electrons well below their kinematic threshold due to collisions among the moving atoms; the existence of highly excited rebounding projectile fragments that decay by thermionic electron emission and fragmentation/fission. MeV cluster beams (e.g., C_n^+, Au_n^+) are now available, which also offer a potentially rich variety of new phenomena. For them the cooperative effect of the associated atoms in the cluster for electronic excitation and nuclear recoil may produce extreme conditions both at the point of impact and along the cluster “track” in the target. This talk will review to what extent such effects have been observed already, the optimum choices for future experiments, and the relation of the observations to the conditions during the cluster impact.
Operator semistable probability measures on a Hilbert space

Let H be a real separable Hilbert space with inner product and norm II II an*d let 8 denote the a-field generated by the class ofopen subsets of H . Let L = L(H) denote the algebra of all boundedlinear operators on H with the usual norm topology. For any subset Fof L , let SemC?) denote the closed multiplicative semigroup ofoperators generated by F . Denote by I the identity operator and by0 , the zero operator. Let G be the multiplicative group of allinvertible operators in L . Let P = P(H) be the class of allprobability measures on 8 .The convolution of two measures \i and V is denoted by y*v andthe power y is taken in the sense of convolution. Let 6 denote theprobability measure degenerate at x € H . For any P € P let P denotethe Fourier transform of P . ThusP{y) = I exp(i<a:, y))dP(x) , y Z H .Let {P} be a sequence of probability measures in P and letReceived 5 June 1980. Research supported by HSF Grant MCS78-O1338.397
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura—Dramatic response to plasmapheresis

A 53-year-old black woman was admitted in coma with a diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Plasmapheresis was performed daily for five days. The patient responded completely to apheresis by regaining consciousness. Her platelet count rose from 16,000/mm 3 to 211,000/mm 3 . Apheresis was discontinued and she was maintained on antiplatelet medications and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Within four days platelet count fell to 6000/mm 3 and the patient's mentation deteriorated. Apheresis was reinstituted with complete recovery. After years of investigation and study, the etiology of TTP is still not completely understood. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have been published in the literature to explain the pathogenesis of this disease. Therapy for TTP has also been variable. Multiple forms of treatment have been instituted simultaneously to combat the disease. Comparison of individual modalities of treatment has not been done in a proper controlled environment. FFP infusion and plasmapheresis have been known to be effective in TTP. One is preferred over the other by individual groups. We report a case of TTP where discontinuation of plasma exchange and maintenance with FFP resulted in relapse with dramatic response when apheresis was reinstituted.
Disenfranchised grief and evaluations of social support by college students

Abstract Disenfranchised grief occurs in socially unrecognized or socially unsanctioned relationships. To assess the reactions of college students to someone grieving a disenfranchised loss,96 undergraduate students read one of six scenarios describing a grieving person. Three scenarios involved disenfranchised losses, and three were recognized losses. Subjects evaluated the griever's interpersonal and social role functioning and available social support. The subjects also assessed the severity of the grief, suitability of help sources, and the likelihood of personal behavior toward the griever. Results indicated lower perceived social support and greater personal distance in two of the disenfranchised grief situations. Other measures showed no consistent differences. The results support the contention that with disenfranchised losses there is reduced social support for the griever.
Social structure and reproduction in two freelygrowing populations of house mice (Mus musculus L.)

Abstract Changes in social structures of two populations of house mice ( Mus musculus L.) were examined in relation to population growth. In one population that was regulated primarily by a decline in births, decreased births were associated with a reorganization of the territorial system. In the second population the major factor regulating further growth was mortality of infants and young adults. Mortality was associated with a sevenfold increase in aggression and redistribution of breeding females.
Possessions Forever: Thucydides and Kant on Peace, War, and Politics

Understanding how Thucydides and Kant contribute to the theorization of international politics is of more than historical interest. Kant is the most important resource for political theorists who envisage the reconstruction of international political institutions along constitutionally democratic lines. Yet this broadly Kantian perspective is challenged by critics who underscore the hostile and dangerous character of the world and who often use Thucydides’ History as a counter-Kantian resource. In this article, I try to set their perspectives in conversation and move the discussion beyond a simple restaging of the quarrel between morality and power. I suggest that Thucydides represents politics in a way that is both demanded and frustrated by Kant’s perspective. At the same time, Kant’s project requires us to ask whether Thucydides’ framework is too accommodating of political necessity, and whether the History is too dismissive of possibilities for political improvement.
Report of the Proceedings of the Alliance of Medical Student Educators in Radiology (AMSER) at AUR April 2006

The Alliance of Medical Student Educators in Radiology (AMSER) had an extremely successful meeting at the AUR in Austin, Texas, in April 2006. The meeting commenced on Thursday, April 6, with the AMSER board meeting where three new members—Nancy McNulty, MD, Holly Gil, and Mark Mullins, MD—were voted onto the board. Dr. Mullins will be the program chair for the AUR in 2008 and is currently treasurer. The other current AMSER officers are President: Petra Lewis, MD, Vice President and Program Chair: Janet Neutze, MD, and Secretary Holly Gil. The committee chairs are as follows: Membership Committee, Joshua Becker, MD; Electronic Communications, James Choi, MD; Rules and Bylaws, Lorranie Shapeero, MD; and Education and AMSER Shared Resources, Kitt Shaffer, MD. Plans to increase the membership of AMSER were discussed at length at both the board and business meetings. Dr. Becker will head up an effort to contact SCARD and APDR members as well as the Dean’s List via AAMC in order to identify the individuals responsible for radiology student clerkships and electives. These individuals will be targeted with a postal or e-mail explaining the benefits of AMSER membership. Dr. Amorosa also presented the significant progress that her team has made on the RSNA World Wide Web grant made to AMSER members to develop multidisciplinary teaching cases on the Web. Also discussed at both board and business meetings was a plan for AMSER-ID, a teaching image database to be developed by AMSER,
Total Synthesis of (-)- and (+)-Balanol(1).

Two total syntheses of the potent protein kinase C inhibitory fungal metabolite balanol are described. In the first approach, the core aminohydroxyazepane subunit was prepared in racemic form by stereospecific functionalization of N-benzyl-e-caprolactam. Resolution prior to coupling to the benzophenone subunit provided access to both enantiomers of balanol. In the second approach, an efficient silicon-mediated cyclization of (2S,3R)-3-hydroxylysine followed by reduction provided the azepane subunit in enantiomerically pure form. The sterically congested benzophenone subunit was assembled from two highly substituted aromatic precursors by way of an anionic homo-Fries rearrangement.
Improving algebraic multigrid interpolation operators for linear elasticity problems

Linear systems arising from discretizations of systems of partial differential equations can be challenging for algebraic multigrid (AMG), as the design of AMG relies on assumptions based on the near-nullspace properties of scalar diffusion problems. For elasticity applications, the near-nullspace of the operator includes the so-called rigid body modes (RBMs), which are not adequately represented by the classical AMG interpolation operators. In this paper we investigate several approaches for improving AMG convergence on linear elasticity problems by explicitly incorporating the near-nullspace modes in the range of the interpolation. In particular, we propose two new methods for extending any initial AMG interpolation operator to exactly fit the RBMs based on the introduction of additional coarse degrees of freedom at each node. Though the methodology is general and can be used to fit any set of near-nullspace vectors, we focus on the RBMs of linear elasticity in this paper. The new methods can be incorporated easily into existing AMG codes, do not require matrix inversions, and do not assume an aggregation approach or a finite element framework. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new interpolation operators on several 2D and 3D elasticity problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Room temperature initiated and self-heating polymerization via concentrated emulsions: application to acrylonitrile based polymers

A novel concentrated emulsion polymerization procedure, in which the polymerization is initiated at room temperature and the heat generated by the reaction accelerates the process, is proposed. The polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and its copolymerization with vinylidene chloride (VDC) are used as examples. AN (alone or with a comonomer) containing an oxidant was first dispersed in water to generate a concentrated emulsion. The polymerization of the monomers was initiated at room temperature by introducing an aqueous solution containing a mixture of reductants (ferrous sulfate and sodium metabisulfite) into the concentrated emulsion. The heat generated in the system increased its temperature and accelerated the polymerization. The polymerization was completed in one hour with conversions higher than 90%. The small volume of the continuous phase in a concentrated emulsion constitutes an advantage of the procedure, since only a small amount of the produced heat is used for its heating. In addition, because the reductant, which is present in the water phase, together with the oxidant, which is present in the oil phase, constitute the initiator, the large oil-water interfacial area of the concentrated emulsion constitutes an additional advantage.
Effects of ethanol on Na+-dependent amino acid uptake : dependence on rat age and Na+, K+-ATPase activity

Acute effects of ethanol on Na(+)-dependent transport of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid (GLU) were investigated in crude synaptosomal preparations from rat cerebral cortex. In experiments with 30-40-day-old (peripubertal) rats, the overall dose responses of the GABA and GLU transport systems to ethanol were biphasic. Stimulation was observed at ethanol concentrations (40-160 mM) relevant to intoxication. Inhibition was observed at higher concentrations of ethanol. The stimulatory phase of the dose response was not observed in 60-100-day-old (adult) rats. In preparations from peripubertal rats, other alcohols also had biphasic dose response curves with stimulation at low alcohol concentrations. The relative efficacy of the different alcohols appeared to correlate with the relative membrane-buffer partition coefficient. In synaptosomal membrane vesicles, where artificial ion concentration gradients rather than Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity provide the driving force for uptake, ethanol did not stimulate GABA uptake. In direct measures of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity, both Rb+ uptake and ATP hydrolysis were enhanced by 80 mM ethanol. We conclude that stimulation of Na(+)-dependent uptake of amino acids by ethanol was secondary to enhanced Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity and may be associated with a specific developmental stage in the rat.
Effects of Structural Topography on Nanofluids Droplet Evaporation on Multifarious Superhydrophobic Surfaces

In this paper, we experimentally studied the evaporation kinetics and wetting dynamics of nanofluid sessile droplets on microstructured superhydrophobic surfaces of a constant air fraction but different structural topographies including arrays of pillars, lines, and wells. The dissimilar superhydrophobic surface patterns were fabricated on a silicon substrate by photolithography and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) followed by Teflon coating. The 0.01wt% suspensions of gold (Au) nanoparticles of 250 nm in diameter were tested as nanofluids. The change of contact angle, base diameter, height, volume, and evaporation rate of the evaporating nanofluid droplet was measured in a room condition by using a goniometer. The results show that the change of structural topographies, despite the same air fraction on the surface, make significant difference in the droplet profile evolution during sequential evaporation phases. Compared to pure water tested as control, the distinctive influence of nanoparticles was especially observed in the final pinning phase with the tested nanofluid condition. This paper demonstrates that the evaporation kinetics and wetting dynamics of liquid droplets are significantly affected by the structural topography and the presences of nanoparticulates, which should be considered in the design and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces for droplet-based heat and mass transfer systems.© 2009 ASME
Metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene by a human hepatoma cell line

The liver-derived human cell line, Hep G2, has high benzo[a]pyrene-metabolizing activity and converts benzo[a]pyrene to intermediates that are mutagenic and that bind to DNA. This cell line will be useful for studying metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other xenobiotics by human tissue and as an activation system in short-term screening assays for identifying compounds with carcinogenic potential for humans.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE XI. FACTORS AFFECTING COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS BY RAT UTERINE SLICES.

Summary1. Factors affecting collagen synthesis in vitro have been studied in uterine slice systems of the rat. 2. The results agree well with those of our previous report concerned with collagen synthesis in sponge biopsy connective tissue. Elimination of NaCl from the incubation medium was accompanied by a more striking decrease in collagen synthesis than followed the removal of any other constituent. Elimination of KH2PO4 from the incubation medium caused a significant decrease in collagen synthesis. Maximal collagen synthesis occurred when the starting pH was 8.4 and the gas in the incubation vessels was composed of 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. 3. Optimum temperature for keeping tissue prior to incubation was 0°. Optimum incubation temperature was 37°. 4. Collagen synthesis reached a peak in uterine slices obtained from animals at the height of follicular hormonal activity.
A gene transcription signature of the Akt/mTOR pathway in clinical breast tumors

The Akt pathway is commonly deregulated in many cancers. Clinical trials are currently underway to test the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment by inhibition of various Akt pathway intermediates. A set of genes induced by Akt in a transgenic mouse model, a subset of which were sensitive to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor RAD001, was examined in five public gene expression profile data sets of clinical breast tumor specimens (representing >1000 different samples in all). In each of the clinical data sets, the Akt mouse model genes as a group were significantly overexpressed in human tumors having high levels of AKT1 mRNA. The subset of genes both upregulated by Akt and dependent on mTOR activity were associated with estrogen receptor-negative status, higher grade, increasing tumor size and poor prognosis in multiple patient cohorts; these associations were either not present or not as strong for the Akt-induced, mTOR-independent genes or for AKT1 expression alone. The genes shown here to be relevant to Akt-mTOR both experimentally and pathologically have the potential for use in a molecular diagnostic to determine which patients should receive mTOR antagonist treatment.
Efficient fabrication of highly conductive and transparent carbon nanotube thin films on polymer substrates

This paper reports an efficient solution dip coating method for the fabrication of highly transparent and conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) based thin films. The key to achieve this is properly preparing the polymer surfaces. In this paper we report a surface pretreatment approach of combining air plasma treatment and silane water solution rinsing for polyethylene terephthalate substrate. After this surface pretreatment, one dip (using a home-made dip coater) of SWCNT solution can yield a thin film of the sheet resistance less than 100 ohms/square (Ω/□) and transparency around 90% at the wavelength of 550 nm; while two dips can produce a thin film of the sheet resistance less than 80 Ω/□ and transparency around 80% at the wavelength of 550 nm. The carbon nanotube thin film performances achieved are close to those of the ITO coatings reported in the literature and the process developed is suitable for both mass production and lab sample preparations.
INTERACTIONS OF LIGHT/DARK CYCLES AND NITROGEN PULSES ON THE TIMING OF CELL DIVISION IN THE NITROGEN-LIMITED MARINE DIATOM CYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1

Cell division in most eukaryotic algae grown on alternating periods of light and dark (LD) is synchronized or phased so that cell division occurs only during a restricted portion of the LD cycle. However, the phase angle of the cell division gate, the time of division relative to the beginning of the light period, is known to be affected by growth conditions such as nutrient status and temperature. In this study, it is shown that the phase angle of cell division in a diatom, Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann and Lewin, is affected by the N-limited growth rate; cell division occurred later in the dark period (12:12 h LD cycle) when the growth rate was infradian (D = 0.42 d−1) than when it was ultradian (D = 1.0 d−1). Nitrogen-pulses did not affect the phase angle of the division gate, but could shift the time of peak cell division activity within the division gate. The effects, if any, of N-pulses were dependent upon the growth rate and the time of day that the pulses were administered. These responses indicate that the timing of cell division in this diatom is not determined solely by the zeitgeber from the LD cycle, but rather that a LD cycle control mechanism and a N-mediated control mechanism are both involved and are somewhat interdependent. In addition, an increase in protein was observed immediately after administering a N-pulse to C. fusiformis in the ultradian growth mode indicating that the accumulation of protein can be uncoupled from the cell division cycle.
10 M⊙ Population III Single and Binary Evolution Models

We present stellar evolution calculations for both single and binary Population III stars, and model the effects of mass transfer. We use the structure from late stage evolution models to calculate simulated supernova lightcurves in a separate work in these proceedings.
A user authentication scheme not requiring secrecy in the computer

In many computer operating systems a user authenticates himself by entering a secret password known solely to himself and the system. The system compares this password with one recorded in a Password Table which is available to only the authentication program. The integrity of the system depends on keeping the table secret. In this paper a password scheme is presented which does not require secrecy in the computer. All aspects of the system, including all relevant code and data bases, may be known by anyone attempting to intrude.The scheme is based on using a function H which the would-be intruder is unable to invert. This function is applied to the user's password and the result compared to a table entry, a match being interpreted as authentication of the user. The intruder may know all about H and have access to the table, but he can penetrate the system only if he can invert H to determine an input that produces a given output.This paper discusses issues surrounding selection of a suitable H. Two different plausible arguments are given that penetration would be exceedingly difficult, and it is then argued that more rigorous results are unlikely. Finally, some human engineering problems relating to the scheme are discussed.
Specific host-guest interactions in a protein-based artificial transaminase.

Abstract Artificial enzymes can be created by covalent attachment of a catalytic active group to a protein scaffold. Recently, we assembled an artificial transaminase by conjugation of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) with a pyridoxamine derivative via a disulfide bond; the resulting construct catalyzed a transamination reaction 200-fold faster than free pyridoxamine. To identify the origin of this increased catalytic efficiency computer modeling was first used to identify two putative residues, Y14 and R126, that were in close proximity to the γ-carboxylate group of the substrate, α-ketoglutartate. These positions were mutated to phenylalanine and methionine, respectively, and used to prepare semisynthetic transaminases by conjugation to pyridoxamine (Px) or an N -methylated derivative (MPx). Kinetic analysis of the resulting constructs showed that the R126M mutation reduced substrate affinity 3- to 6-fold while the additional Y14F mutation had a negligible effect. These results are consistent with a model for substrate recognition that involves an electrostatic interaction between the cationic guanidinium group of R126 and the anionic carboxylate from the substrate. Interestingly, one of the conjugates that contains an N -methylated pyridoxamine catalyzes a transamination reaction with a k cat ′ value of 1.1 h −1 which is the fastest value for k cat we have thus far obtained and is 34-fold greater than that for the free cofactor in the absence of the protein.
Evidence for a terminal differentiation process in the rat liver.

In rapidly renewing epithelia, such as skin and gut, as well as hemopoietic cells and stromal fibroblasts, the process of progenitor cell maturation, terminal differentiation and senescence from cells of a fetal phenotype is strikingly similar. To examine hepatocellular maturation, we studied embryonic, suckling and young adult rat liver cells with multiparametric fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), after exclusion of hemopoietic, endothelial, Kupffer, and nonviable cells. With maturation, cell granularity and autofluorescence exponentially increased from fetal liver to suckling and adult liver as the proportion of S phase cells progressively declined from 33.8%±1.3% to 4.9%±2.8% and 1.1%±0.6% (P<0.05), respectively. In liver from fetal and suckling rats, all hepatocytes were mononuclear and contained diploid DNA whereas 21.2%±5.9% hepatocytes in adult liver were binucleated. Analysis of nuclear DNA content in adult hepatocytes demonstrated that 53.3%±3.9% of the nuclei were diploid, 43.6%±3.5% tetraploid and 0.5±0.6% octaploid. However, in the adult liver, small, mononuclear cells were also present with granularity and autofluorescence comparable to fetal hepatoblasts, as well as glucose-6-phosphatase activity, diploid DNA in 89.0%±2.1% of the nuclei, and with increased granularity in culture. Since general features of terminal cellular differentiation and senescence include cessation of mitotic activity, polyploidy and accumulation of autofluorescent secondary lysosomes, our data suggest that liver cells too undergo a process of terminal differentiation.
The burden of smoking-attributable mortality among African Americans : Indiana, 1990

Recent trends in smoking prevalence in Indiana indicate a slow decline in smoking prevalence among adults aged 18 years of age and under. Despite this decline, the smoking prevalence has remained consistently higher among Blacks compared to Whites. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the extent of mortality due to cigarette smoking in 1990 among Blacks and Whites in the state of Indiana. Estimates of smoking-attributable mortality (i.e., smoking-attributable mortality [SAM] and years of potential life lost [YPLL]) associated with smoking in 1990 were calculated using SAMMEC, a software program developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and designed to measure the disease impact associated with cigarette smoking. Although the SAM and YPLL for Whites accounted for the greatest percentage of total SAM and total YPLL, SAM rates and YPLL rates were higher among Blacks compared to Whites, for both men and women. The SAM rate for Black men was 4% higher than that of White men and 9% higher for Black women compared to White women. Similarly, the YPLL to life expectancy rate for Black men was 7% higher than the YPLL rate for White men and 29% higher for Black women compared to White women. The greater burden of tobacco-related mortality among Blacks is evidenced through higher SAM and YPLL rates compared to Whites. It is imperative that high-risk populations be targeted at national, state, and local levels through anti-tobacco campaigns.
Intervention with infants at risk for abuse or neglect

The need for direct services to infants at risk for abuse or neglect is addressed, with an emphasis on the advantages to the child of the integration of various modalities of treatment. The expertise of professionals who work with infants and young children in therapeutic and stimulation programs is required. Their experience also underscores the need for direct intervention in the parent-child interaction process. The developmental line of mastery and competence is reviewed with highlights of how this may be derailed in the at-risk infant. Finally, two suggestions are developed: that empathy might be taught to parents through an educational mode and that surrogate parenting, part-time, might be implemented routinely with mistreated children, at-risk infants, and perhaps for all infants.
Radiation Damage Limitations for the Fermilab Energy Doubler/Saver

One important factor determining the lifetime of particle accelerators using superconducting magnets is the accumulated radiation damage of the magnet components. Using existing damage studies and a measured correlation between the radiation levels with the beam-off and the beam-on, a reasonable assessment of magnet lifetimes can be made. On the basis of this assessment it is expected that damage to the magnet conductor will not limit the magnet performance. The proper choice of polymeric materials used in the magnet is necessary to avoid frequent refurbishing of the magnets.
Heat transfer during the early expansion of gas in pressurized vessels

Abstract We investigate the behavior of a gas in a pressurized container during early expansion for the special case where the outflow is choked. Using a boundary-layer approximation that includes conduction and gas expansion effects we are able to obtain analytical solutions in closed form. A key quantity that determines the subsequent process the gas will go through in later stages if the discharge is the wall heat transfer. From the analytical results we are able to identify the important parameters that govern this early portion of the discharging process, and particularly the heat transfer process.
Sovereign bond markets with political risk and moral hazard

Abstract A model of interest rates on sovereign bonds with default risk is presented. The model accounts for interaction between interest rates and default risk. Multiple equilibria and stability issues are examined. The model explores the level of debt that markets will tolerate in a context where there is uncertainty about output growth, fiscal discipline, real exchange rates, and IMF intervention. The effect of likely IMF assistance on the debt ceiling is shown to be large.
Zeroing in on zero tolerance for central line-associated bacteremia

Background Central line-associated bacteremia (CLAB) is associated with increased intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) of up to 6 days, increased hospital LOS of approximately 21 days, attributable mortality of approximately 35%, and incremental costs of approximately $56,000 per infection. Need In 1999 in the surgical-burn-trauma ICU at Barnes Jewish Hospital (BJH), the CLAB rate was 10.8/1000 central venous catheter (CVC) line-days, substantially higher than the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance rate of 5.8/1000 CVC line-days. Interventions An educational intervention developed by a multidisciplinary team from BJC HealthCare in 1998 included a self-study module and pre- and posttests. In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections, which provided additional support. In 2000, Focus-PDCA methodology was used to chart insertion and line maintenance practices; pictorials, binders, and other informational tools were developed based on a flow charting process. At Missouri Baptist Medical Center (MBMC), another BJC HealthCare facility, after not having completed the educational module for more than a year, nurses completed the self-study module and posttest and also developed a "scrub the hub" bundle in July 2006. Results Implementation of the educational intervention decreased the CLAB rate at BJH from 10.8/1000 CVC line-days to 3.7/1000 CVC line-days ( P Conclusion Implementation of a self-study module with pre- and posttests, the use of pictorials and other informational tools, and the implementation of a "scrub the hub" bundle were effective in reducing the rate of CLAB in ICUs and in supporting a culture of zero tolerance for infection.
Incorporation of the potential theory into liquid-phase multicomponent adsorption calculations

Abstract Methods are developed for incorporating the Polanyi theory of adsorption equilibrium into liquid-phase multicomponent adsorption calculations. Examples are presented that illustrate the use of the methods developed for calculating adsorption equilibria, the dynamics of batch adsorption, and the dynamics of fixed-bed adsorption. The results of these uses are compared with experimental data.
Real Flow Measurements on Time-Dependent Thixotropic Fluids

An experimental procedure was developed in which shear stress versus time data at a constant shear rate are extrapolated to structural equilibrium conditions utilizing both the upcurve and the downcurve. This procedure allows the construction of a flow curve by plotting the equilibrium shear stress, Fe, versus the shear rate. Such an equilibrium flow curve is independent of all experimental conditions and of shear history and does not exhibit a hysteresis loop. The method also yields apparent rate constants for characterizing thixotropic behavior on an unequivocal basis. The extrapolation procedure was developed using a cup and bob viscometer but is generally applicable to any continuous shear viscometer.
Dual Vision in Gwendolyn Brooks's Maud Martha

(1984). Dual Vision in Gwendolyn Brooks's Maud Martha. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 180-188.
Hemodynamics of the Hepatic Venous Three-Vessel Confluences Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Despite rapid advancements in the patient-specific hemodynamic analysis of systemic arterial anatomies, limited attention has been given to the characterization of major venous flow components, such as the hepatic venous confluence. A detailed investigation of hepatic flow structures is essential to better understand the origin of characteristic abnormal venous flow patterns observed in patients with cardiovascular venous disease. The present study incorporates transparent rapid-prototype replicas of two pediatric hepatic venous confluence anatomies and two-component particle image velocimetry to investigate the primary flow structures influencing the inferior vena cava outflow. Novel jet flow regimes are reported at physiologically relevant mean venous conditions. The sensitivity of fluid unsteadiness and hydraulic resistance to multiple-inlet flow regimes is documented. Pressure drop measurements, jet flow characterization, and blood damage assessments are also performed. Results indicate that the orientation of the inlets significantly influences the major unsteady flow structures and power loss characteristics of this complex venous flow junction. Compared to out-of-plane arranged inlet vessel configuration, the internal flow field observed in planar inlet configurations was less sensitive to the venous inlet flow split. Under pathological flow conditions, the effective pressure drop increased as much as 77% compared to the healthy flow state. Experimental flow field results presented here can serve as a benchmark case for the surgical optimization of complex anatomical confluences including visceral hemodynamics as well as for the experimental validation of high-resolution computational fluid dynamics solvers applied to anatomical confluences with multiple inlets and outlets.
Joint power allocation and base-station assignment based on pricing for the downlink in multi-class CDMA networks

In this paper, we study a joint power allocation and base-station assignment problem for the downlink in multi-class CDMA networks. In a previous paper (J.W. Lee et al., 2002), we developed a power allocation scheme based on a utility and pricing framework considering a single cell in the system. In this paper, we consider a multi-cell system in which each cell uses the power allocation algorithm developed in (J.W. Lee et al., 2002). Based on the power allocation algorithm, we propose a pricing based base-station assignment algorithm, which results in a joint power allocation and base-station assignment scheme. In this algorithm, a base-station is assigned to a mobile taking into account the congestion level of the cell as well as the transmission environment between the base-station and the mobile. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with that of the traditional SIR based base-station assignment algorithm. The result shows that our proposed algorithm outperforms the SIR based algorithm.
Organometallic Iron(III)-Salophene Exerts Cytotoxic Properties in Neuroblastoma Cells via MAPK Activation and ROS Generation

The objective of the present study was to investigate the specific effects of Iron(III)-salophene (Fe-SP) on viability, morphology, proliferation, cell cycle progression, ROS generation and pro-apoptotic MAPK activation in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. A NCI-DTP cancer screen revealed that Fe-SP displayed high toxicity against cell lines of different tumor origin but not tumor type-specificity. In a viability screen Fe-SP exhibited high cytotoxicity against all three NB cell lines tested. The compound caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, suppression of cells progressing through S phase, morphological changes, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane depolarization potential, induction of apoptotic markers as well as p38 and JNK MAPK activation, DNA degradation, and elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SMS-KCNR NB cells. In contrast to Fe-SP, non-complexed salophene or Cu(II)-SP did not raise ROS levels in NB or SKOV-3 ovarian cancer control cells. Cytotoxicity of Fe-SP and activation of caspase-3, -7, PARP, pro-apoptotic p38 and JNK MAPK could be prevented by co-treatment with antioxidants suggesting ROS generation is the primary mechanism of cytotoxic action. We report here that Fe-SP is a potent growth-suppressing and cytotoxic agent for in vitro NB cell lines and, due to its high tolerance in previous animal toxicity studies, a potential therapeutic drug to treat NB tumors in vivo.
An experiment in simulation interoperability

The AWSIM Interoperability with ModSAF (AIM) program is investigating interfacing traditional constructive simulations with virtual simulations. The program addresses a number of issues involved in this interoperability. As a mechanism for exploring these issues, ModSAF is used to create a detailed window into an AWSIM exercise; modeling of AWSIM aircraft entering the window is transferred to ModSAF. A prototype was developed to investigate the practical aspects of the interface issues. Knowledge, algorithms, and software developed in this program will support future Air Force wargame development.