cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protesting power: everyday resistance in a touristic Chinese Miao village

Everyday resistance is a fruitful realm of study in tourism analysis. Rooted in in-depth ethnography, this article focuses on the everyday resistance in a Chinese Miao village, where the villagers were defending their interests in the context of elite-directed and capital-intensive tourism development. It reveals how particular incidents of resistance configured among these villagers, and pays particular attention to their internal politics and the cultural underpinnings of their resistance acts. Responding to various situations, these Miao peasants made rational choices among possible trajectories of action. If the resistance was direct, it was not open; if it was open, it was not direct. They, as the dominated, worked the existing system to their advantage: they cleverly utilized policy gaps to persist in their resistance; and they strategically used tourists as the scapegoat to resist the dominant. Despite the marginality and temporariness of the results, their resistance did affect the various forms o...
Aircraft Turbine Engine Emissions and the Possibilities for Control

The Environmental Protection Agency has completed a study of the impact of aircraft emissions on air quality and a study of the technological feasibility of controlling aircraft emissions including an analysis of the cost and time requirements of the various control approaches. The air quality study has determined the need for aircraft emission standards, and the control technology study has determined that control is feasible and cost effective given adequate development time.© 1972 ASME
Effects of anharmonicity on intramolecular electron transfer rates

Abstract A quantum mechanical expression for the electron transfer (ET) rate constant is derived using the cumulant expansion method. The effect of anharmonicity on ET rates is examined on the assumption that the anharmonic motion can be described by the Morse potential.
The oblique rise of a viscous vortex ring toward a deformable free surface

A vortex ring in a viscous, incompressible fluid rises obliquely at an angle of 45° toward a deformable free surface. The mathematical description of this flow situation is a time-dependent nonlinear free-surface problem that has been solved numerically for a three-dimensional laminar flow with the aid of the Navier-Stokes equations. Boundary-fitted coordinates were used that include adaptive gridding and grid refinement. For two different Froude numbers at Reynolds number 100, results are presented on the encounter of the vortex ring with the free surface, the deformation of the free surface, the decay of the primary vortices, the generation of surface vorticity and secondary vortices, and reconnection with the free surface. These results are presented in the form of streamlines and equivorticity lines in the plane of symmetry, contour lines of surface elevation, and streamlines and equivorticity lines on the free surface. The two cases reveal a novel ring reconnection at the free surface in the form of a cylindrical sheet.
Renewed uplift at the Yellowstone Caldera measured by leveling surveys and satellite radar interferometry

A first-order leveling survey across the northeast part of the Yellowstone caldera in September 1998 showed that the central caldera floor near Le Hardy Rapids rose 24±5 mm relative to the caldera rim at Lake Butte since the previous survey in September 1995. Annual surveys along the same traverse from 1985 to 1995 tracked progressive subsidence near Le Hardy Rapids at an average rate of –19±1 mm/year. Earlier, less frequent surveys measured net uplift in the same area during 1923–1976 (14±1 mm/year) and 1976–1984 (22±1 mm/year). The resumption of uplift following a decade of subsidence was first detected by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry, which revealed approximately 15 mm of uplift in the vicinity of Le Hardy Rapids from July 1995 to June 1997. Radar interferograms show that the center of subsidence shifted from the Sour Creek resurgent dome in the northeast part of the caldera during August 1992 to June 1993 to the Mallard Lake resurgent dome in the southwest part during June 1993 to August 1995. Uplift began at the Sour Creek dome during August 1995 to September 1996 and spread to the Mallard Lake dome by June 1997. The rapidity of these changes and the spatial pattern of surface deformation suggest that ground movements are caused at least in part by accumulation and migration of fluids in two sill-like bodies at 5–10 km depth, near the interface between Yellowstone's magmatic and deep hydrothermal systems.
Tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex revealed by positron emission tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to map alterations in local neuronal activity induced in human primary auditory cortex by pure-tone stimulation. Patterns of blood flow were observed in specific regions on the superior temporal plane showing systematic changes in activity depending on the frequency of a stimulating pure tone. The orientation of these regions agrees well with data for non-human primates.
ARI: Adaptive LLC-memory traffic management

Decreasing the traffic from the CPU LLC to main memory is a very important issue in modern systems. Recent work focuses on cache misses, overlooking the impact of writebacks on the total memory traffic, energy consumption, IPC, and so forth. Policies that foster a balanced approach, between reducing write traffic to memory and improving miss rates, can increase overall performance and improve energy efficiency and memory system lifetime for NVM memory technology, such as phase-change memory (PCM). We propose Adaptive Replacement and Insertion (ARI), an adaptive approach to last-level CPU cache management, optimizing the two parameters (miss rate and writeback rate) simultaneously. Our specific focus is to reduce writebacks as much as possible while maintaining or improving the miss rate relative to conventional LRU replacement policy. ARI reduces LLC writebacks by 33p, on average, while also decreasing misses by 4.7p, on average. In a typical system, this boosts IPC by 4.9p, on average, while decreasing energy consumption by 8.9p. These results are achieved with minimal hardware overheads.
Are cationic η3-allyl complexes general precursors to metallacyclobutanes? Synthesis and structure of μ-chloro-bis[(η3-allyl)-2,2′-bipyridyldicarbonylmolybdenum(II)] tetrafluoroborate

Abstract Silver tetrafluoroborate reacts with Cl(bipy)(CO) 2 (η 3 -C 3 H 5 )Mo in CH 2 Cl 2 to give the dimeric cation, (μ-Cl)[(bipy)(CO) 2 (η 3 -C 3 H 5 )Mo] 2 + , isolated as the crystalline BF 4 − salt with CH 2 Cl 2 of solvation ( 5 ). Complex 5 crystallizes in the triclinic system (space group P 1 , No. 2) with cell parameters: a 11.831(2), b 10.142(3), c 15.618(3) A; α 93.96(2), β 104.33(2), γ 91.41(2)°, V 1809.5(8) A 3 Z = 2, ϱ calc 1.60 g cm −3 . Full matrix refinement with all but three atoms anisotropic converged at R 1 = 0.057 and R 2 = 0.073 based on 3742 reflections with I > 30(1). The two halves of the dimer are connected by a single chloride bridge (Mo-Cl 2.554(3), 2.519(3) A, Mo-Cl-Mo 134.0(1)°). The η 3 -allyl group is oriented so that its open face points toward the two cis -carbonyl groups, a feature common to all L 2 X(CO) 2 Mo(η 3 -allyl) structures determined to date. A molecular orbital analysis shows that this rotational preference of the allyl group has its roots in the strong π-bonding character of the carbonyls. The MO analysis also provides a rationale for regioselectivity observed in the reactions of various η 3 -allyl complexes with nucleophiles. In particular, the factors which determine whether the terminal carbons are attacked (giving olefin) or whether the central carbon is attacked (giving a metallacyclobutane) are exposed.
Arrival-time analysis for a millisecond pulsar.

Arrival times from a fast, quiet pulsar can be used to obtain accurate determinations of pulsar parameters. In the case of the millisecond pulsar, PSR 1937 + 214, the remarkably small rms residual to the timing fit indicates that precise measurements of position, proper motion and perhaps even trigonometric parallax will be possible (Backer 1984). The variances in these parameters, however, will depend strongly on the nature of the underlying noise spectrum. We demonstrate that for very red spectrai.e. those dominated by low-frequency noise, the uncertainties can be larger than the present estimates (based on a white-noise model) and can even grow with the observation period. The possibility of improved parameter estimation through prewhitening’ the data and the application of these results to other pulsar observations are briefly discussed. The post-fit rms residual of PSR 1937 + 214 may be used to limit the energy density of a gravitational radiation background at periods of a few months to years. However, fitting the pulsar position and pulse-emission times filters out significant amounts of residual power, especially for observation periods of less than three years. Consequently the present upper bound on the energy density of gravitational waves Ωg <3 × 10-4 R Μs 2 , though already more stringent than any other available, is not as restrictive as had been previously estimated. The present limit is insufficient to exclude scenarios which use primordial cosmic strings for galaxy formation, but should improve rapidly with time.
Implications of the recent financial crisis for firm innovation

This paper shifts the focus of discussion on the 2008 financial crisis from the problems of the financial sector to its effects on the real economy. We step back from the immediate facts of the crisis to consider the reason for finance and its importance in firm innovation, both theoretically and historically, and argue that (1) innovation has special financing requirements, being dependent on equity finance, and (2) while stock markets have promoted innovation in the past, the financialization of enterprises has changed the relation between stock prices and innovation, with adverse consequences for the growth of economies.
Preparation of Novel Metallic and Bimetallic Cross-Linked Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites under Microwave Irradiation

A facile method utilizing microwave irradiation is described that accomplishes the cross-linking reaction of PVA with metallic and bimetallic systems. Nanocomposites of PVA-cross-linked metallic systems such as Pt, Cu, and In and bimetallic systems such as Pt-In, Ag-Pt, Pt-Fe, Cu-Pd, Pt-Pd and Pd-Fe were prepared expeditiously by reacting the respective metal salts with 3 wt.-% PVA under microwave irradiation, maintaining the temperature at 100 °C, a radical improvement over the methods for preparing cross-linked PVA described in the literature. The general preparative procedure is versatile and provides a simple route to manufacturing useful metallic and bimetallic nanocomposites with various shapes, such as nanospheres, nanodendrites and nanocubes.
Cannabinoid Receptors: Where They are and What They do

The endocannabinoid system consists of the endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), cannabinoid receptors and the enzymes that synthesise and degrade endocannabinoids. Many of the effects of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids are mediated by two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), CB(1) and CB(2), although additional receptors may be involved. CB(1) receptors are present in very high levels in several brain regions and in lower amounts in a more widespread fashion. These receptors mediate many of the psychoactive effects of cannabinoids. CB(2) receptors have a more restricted distribution, being found in a number of immune cells and in a few neurones. Both CB(1) and CB(2) couple primarily to inhibitory G proteins and are subject to the same pharmacological influences as other GPCRs. Thus, partial agonism, functional selectivity and inverse agonism all play important roles in determining the cellular response to specific cannabinoid receptor ligands.
Valuation of urban parks

Abstract One reason why urban parks and open spaces are subject to development pressure is that planners and researchers have been unable to articulate their value in economic terms. Three valuation techniques — each with its own strengths and weaknesses — have been applied to urban parks. This paper reviews the three techniques and presents study results from the hedonic valuation technique. Study results indicate landscape planners need to be aware of the strengths and shortcomings of each to properly evaluate research on this topic.
14 French pigtail catheters placed by surgeons to drain blood on trauma patients: Is 14-Fr too small?

BACKGROUND: Small 14F pigtail catheters (PCs) have been shown to drain air quite well in patients with traumatic pneumothorax (PTX). But their effectiveness in draining blood in patients with traumatic hemothorax (HTX) or hemopneumothorax (HPTX) is unknown. We hypothesized that 14F PCs can drain blood as well as large-bore 32F to 40F chest tubes. We herein report our early case series experience with PCs in the management of traumatic HTX and HPTX. METHODS: We prospectively collected data on all bedside-inserted PCs in patients with traumatic HTX or HPTX during a 30-month period (July 2009 through December 2011) at our Level I trauma center. We then compared our PC prospective data with our trauma registryYderived retrospective chest tube data (January 2008 through December 2010) at our center. Our primary outcome of interest was the initial drainage output. Our secondary outcomes were tube duration, insertion-related complications, and failure rate. For our statistical analysis, we used the unpaired Student’s t-test, W 2 test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test; we defined significance by a value of p G 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients received PCs, and 191 received chest tubes. Our PC group had a higher rate of blunt mechanism injuries than our chest tube group did (83 vs. 62%; p = 0.01). The mean initial output was similar between our PC group (560 T 81 mL) and our chest tube group (426 T 37 mL) (p = 0.13). In the PC group, the tube was inserted later (median, Day 1; interquartile range, Days 0Y3) than the tube inserted in our chest tube group (median, Day 0; interquartile range, Days 0Y0) (p G 0.001). Tube duration, rate of insertion-related complications, and failure rate were all similar. CONCLUSION: In our early experience, 14F PCs seemed to drain blood as well as large-bore chest tubes based on initial drainage output and other outcomes studied. In this early phase, we were being selective in inserting PCs in only stable blunt trauma patients, and PCs were inserted at a later day from the time of the initial evaluation. In the future, we will need a larger sample size and possibly a well-designed prospective study. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;6: 1423Y1427. Copyright * 2012
The use of relational database commands in retrieval of pedigree information

Genetic research frequently requires retrieval of information about families afflicted with some genetic disease. These queries may involve simple retrieval of information on individuals with particular attributes or finding data from sibships or families who meet some set of criteria. Although the former case may be handled by almost any file management system, the latter case cannot be easily managed since family relationships are necessary to the query. These family relationships are normally stored by means of a pointer system that links the record of each individual with those of his parents. Given such a pointer system, the standard commands of a relational database system can be used to perform such retrievals, thus diminishing the need for special programs to perform such queries.
Market impacts of a multiyear mechanical fuel treatment program in the U.S.

article i nfo a bstract We describe a two-stage model of global log and chip markets that evaluates the spatial and temporal economic effects of government-subsidized fire-related mechanical fuel treatment programs in the U.S. West and South. The first stage is a goal program that allocates subsidies according to fire risk and location priorities, given a budget and a feasible, market-clearing market solution. The second stage is a quadratic welfare maximization spatial equilibrium model of individual State and global product markets, subject to the fuel treatment allocation. Results show that the program enhances timber market welfare in regions where treatments occur and globally but has an overall negative economic impact, once fuel treatment program costs are included. The overall cost of a mechanical fuel treatment program, when considering timber market welfare, transport costs, treatment costs, and timber receipts, exceeds $1000 per acre, implying that the long run fire effects and ecosystem net benefits of a treatment programwould need to exceed this figure in order to justify widespread implementation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Salenthydrobia gen. nov. (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae): a potential relict of the Messinian salinity crisis

The Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) occurred synchronously throughout the Mediterranean basin about 5.96 ± 0.02 Mya and represents one of the most dramatic oceanic changes since the early Miocene. It is thought that the concomitant environmental changes brought about isolation of faunas and the development of endemism. As part of the search for possible speciation events triggered by the MSC, the author studied 38 populations of hydrobiine snails from the Mediterranean and Black Sea, including three populations from the Salentina Peninsula, Italy. Partial sequences (COI, 16S) and anatomical data were used to test the taxonomic and phylogenetic status of the peninsular populations. A maximum likelihood analysis of 11 hydrobiine taxa revealed five clades and lineages, four of which corresponded to previously recognized genera: Adriohydrobia, Hydrobia, Peringia, Ventrosia. The fifth clade was formed by haplotypes of the peninsular populations, which are characterized by distinct male and female reproductive systems. Based on molecular and anatomical data, these populations are considered to represent a new species, Salenthydrobia ferrerii, belonging to a new genus, Salenthydrobia. Ecological and biogeographical data for S. ferrerii strongly support a correlation between its origin and the MSC. Based on an island age of 5.33 Myr and a population divergence of 0.0973 ± 0.0114, the COI molecular clock rate for the Salenthydrobia and Peringia clades would be 1.83 ± 0.21% population divergence per Myr. The genetic diversity of S. ferrerii, its phylogenetic relationships, and the validity of the proposed local molecular clock rate are discussed.
Circular polarization from scattering by circumstellar grains

It is suggested that observations of circular polarization can be a valuable tool for the study of circumstellar nebulae. A simple model is presented to predict the percentage of circular polarization produced by scattering from the dust contained within such nebulae; it was found that a significant component of circular polarization can be produced in nebulae which have a net linear polarization. Possible observations of the red supergiants mu Cep and alpha Ori are given as examples.
Metabolic Changes in Response to Acute Cerebral Ischemia Following Bilateral Carotid Artery Ligation in Arteriosclerotic Versus Nonarteriosclerotic Rats

The left carotid artery of arteriosclerotic and nonarteriosclerotic male and female rats was surgically ligated to induce a state of cerebral ischemia. The animals promptly developed signs of cerebral impairment and were sacrificed 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 48 hours later to determine what dynamic pathophysiological changes attend acute cerebral ischemia. Several of the arteriosclerotic animals developed myocardial infarcts concomitant with the cerebral edema, hemorrhage, necrosis, and leptomeningitis observed in general. All of the experimental animals manifested necrosis and fatty infiltration of the liver, and their adrenal glands were hypertrophied, hemorrhagic, and depleted of lipid. Serum creatine phosphokinase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase rose abruptly after 24 hours of cerebral ischemia. Triglycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol alterations were in keeping with intense lipid mobilization, dissolution of peripheral adipose tissue sites, and fatty metamorphosis of the liver. The ani...
Concerning hypernormal stochastic matrices

Abstract An n × n matrix A is hypernormal with respect to a set S of n × n matrices if AXA T = A T XA for all X ∈ S . Some characterizations are given for matrices which are hypernormal with respect to the n × n doubly stochastic matrices.
Democratic Decentralisation of Natural Resources: Institutional Choice and Discretionary Power Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Decentralisation reforms are taking place across Africa. In decentralisation concerning natural resources, local institutions being chosen to receive powers and the degree and form of power transfers, however, do not establish conditions for more efficient or equitable use and management. A combination of locally accountable representation and discretionary powers are also needed. This combined condition is rarely established. Alternative local institutions are chosen even when democratic local bodies exist. This choice and the failure to transfer discretionary powers can undermine local democratic bodies and concentrate powers in the executive branch. The choices being made around natural resources appear to reflect a broad resistance of central governments to local democratisation and decentralisation of powers. Five measures may ameliorate the situation: (1) focus first on establishing democratic local government; (2) apply multiple accountability measures, in addition to elections, to support democratic local institutions; (3) engage local populations by transferring discretionary powers before transferring management burdens; (4) transfer powers before capacity building; and (5) shift from an oversight and management-planing model to a minimum-standards model in order to help create greater local autonomy nested within national objectives. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noble gases in presolar diamonds II: Component abundances reflect thermal processing

Using the isotopic compositions derived in Huss and Lewis, 1994a, abundances of the P3, HL, and P6 noble-gas components were determined for 15 diamonds separates from primitive chondrites of 8 chondrite classes. Within a meteorite class, the relative abundances of these components correlate with the petrologic subtype of the host meteorite, indicating that metamorphism is primarily responsible for the variations. Relative abundances of P3, HL, and P6 among diamond samples can be understood in terms of thermal processing of a single mixture of diamonds like those now found in CI and CM2 chondrites. With relatively gentle heating, primitive diamonds first lose their low-temperature P3 gases and a 'labile' fraction of the HL component. Mass loss associated with release of these components produces an increase in the HL and P6 content of the remaining diamond relative to unprocessed diamond. Higher temperatures initiate destruction of the main HL carrier, while the HL content of the surviving diamonds remains essentially constant. At the same time, the P6 carrier begins to preferentially lose light noble gases. Meteorites that have experienced metamorphic temperatures greater than or = 650 C have lost essentially all of their presolar diamond through chemical reactions with surrounding minerals. The P3 abundance seems to be a function only of the maximum temperature experienced by the diamonds and thus is independent of the nature of the surrounding environment. If all classes inherited the same mixture of primitive diamonds, then P3 abundances would tie together the metamorphic scales in different meteorite classes. However, if the P3 abundance indicates a higher temperature than do other thermometers applicable to the host meteorite, then the P3 abundance may contain information about heating prior to accretion. Diamonds in the least metamorphosed EH, CV, and CO chondrites seem to carry a record of pre-accretionary thermal processing.
Induction of protective immunity against a Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in three genetically distinct strains of mice

To establish the feasibility of inducing a protective immune response against a chlamydial genital infection in animals with different genetic backgrounds, groups of C3H/HeN (H-2k), BALB/c (H-2d) and C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice, were immunized intranasally with elementary bodies (EB) of the Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis biovar. Following the intranasal immunization strong Chlamydia-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were detected in the three strains of mice. Eight weeks following immunization the animals were challenged with C. trachomatis in the genital tract. Vaginal cultures showed that the three strains of mice immunized with EB were significantly protected in comparison to the sham immunized animals. To determine the ability of this immunization protocol to protect against infertility six weeks after the genital challenge the animals were mated. Mice of the three strains immunized with EB showed significant protection as demonstrated by the number of animals that were fertile, and the number of embryos present in their uterine horns, in comparison to the sham immunized mice.
1336 SIMULTANEOUS BLOOD PRESSURE AND ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY FLOW VELOCITY WAVE FORM ANALYSIS IN THE PRETERM INFANT

Pourcelot's index of resistance as adapted by Bada into the pulsatility index (PI) (ratio of systolic & diastolic blood velocities) is suggested as a means of identifying changes in neonatal cerebral blood flow. Abnormality of PI in the anterior cerebral arteries, as detected by anterior fontanelle transcutaneous Doppler technique is suggested for anticipating & identifying intraventricular hemorrhage/intracerebral hemorrhage (IVH/ICH). Since PI reflects a ratio of relative flow velocities without absolutes for correlation, a study was done combining simultaneous recordings of flow velocity wave forms from left & right anterior cerebral arteries with direct umbilical artery catheter blood pressure wave forms. Forty-one studies were performed at 1 to 126 hr of life on 21 pre-term infants (Birthwts 880 to 4300 gm; gest. age 27 to 37 weeks). Analysis of tracings showed that near term and pre-term infants systolic and diastolic flow velocities have direct relationship to arterial blood pressure. PI data was obtained by analysis of beat-to-beat simultaneous blood pressure and flow velocity wave forms. PI data produced in this fashion has in all cases had absolute correlation with the presence or absence of IVH/ICH, verified Independently by real time ultrasound brain studies. The technique is a simple, non-invasive bedside procedure.
Immunophenotypic analysis of benign and malignant cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates

Abstract The distinction between benign and malignant lymphoid infiltrates in the skin may be difficult. Helpful histologic criteria exist, 1 but in many cases differentiation of benign from malignant infiltrates is aided by special techniques. Recently, many advances have been made in the characterization of lymphoid infiltrates by the use of cellular immunophenotyping. An expanding knowledge of the normal sequence of hematopoetic cell maturation and accompanying antigen expression has considerably aided the understanding of benign and malignant infiltrates. The concept that a lymphoid malignancy is phenotypically related to a normal leukocyte counterpart allows the identification of aberrant antigen expression. In this chapter, we will discuss technical considerations of the immunoperoxidase method and review the immunophenotypes of certain benign and malignant cutaneous infiltrates.
Taurodontism: review of literature and report of case

In the foregoing case, the finding of a taurodont dentition led to further investigatory tests. The finding of Barr bodies in the buccal scrapings was insufficient to prove that the patient had Klinefelter's syndrome. The diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome was made, however, after a chromosomal analysis of the patient's peripheral blood samples showed a 47 XXY chromosome complement in all of the examined cells. The patient's underlying aneuploid condition was disclosed because of the radiographic study done during the dental examination. The dental practitioner should be familiar with taurodontism because its discovery may help to disclose conditions that would otherwise remain unnoticed.
Time-dependent event cross-impact analysis: Results from a new model

Abstract This time-dependent event cross-impact model involves four stages. In the first stage, an undisturbed world view, prior to new information being obtained, is projected for a set of events to occur with specified probability densities over an indefinite time horizon. In the second stage, the estimator fills in the cells of a cross-impact matrix with qualitative estimates of the strength and direction of the impacts. Qualitative cross-impacts are converted to aaquantitative form by the analyst conducting the excercise. In the third stage, it is assumed that new information becomes known to the estimator causing him to project anew the time-dependent probabilities of the events in the set. In the fourth and final stage, an event cross-impact simulation model is constructed in system dynamics and run to produce new probability densities of the event set. These densities take into account both the cross-impacts between events and the effect of the newly obtained information. The possible results include both shifts of the most likely time of occurence and changes in the cumulative probability of the events. The chief usefulness of the model is that it provides a method of foreshortening the time required by decision-makers to take into account the effect of new information on the probability of events occuring over a time period.
In vitro formation of crosslinks in mature rat skin collagen in the absence of N-terminal peptides

Abstract Soluble collagen extracted by cysteamine from rat skin contains 1.7 to 2.0 moles of peptide bound α-amino adipic semi-aldehyde along the helical portion of the α-chains. Removal of the N-terminal peptides by limited CNBr cleavage yields a collagen that has native characteristics (viscosity and optical rotation) and forms regular 640 A banded fibers. Incubation of this material at 37° C. gives rise to Schiff base type crosslinks involving these aldehydes and lysine or OH-lysine of neighboring molecules.
ARE RESPONSES MEASURED WITH GRAPHIC RATING SCALES SUBJECT TO PERCEPTUAL DISTORTION

Summary.-No consensus appears to exist as to how long physically a graphic rating scale should be. The present study found no rtatistical evidence of perceptual distortion in information collected with continuous rating scales of lengths 75 mm, 100 rnm, and 125 mm, so such scales seem robust to variations in line length. Researchers wishing to measure subjects' responses to a particular stimulus have a wide variety of instruments with which to accomplish this. These instruments exhibit marked differences in the number of response categories provided, ranging from two to (theoretically) infinity. Which instrument should the researcher use? Unfortunately, there is no simple answer to this question because there is no such thing as a scale with an optimal number of response alternatives (Cox, 1980). While a scale with an optimal number of response categories does not exist, it has been shown empirically that the reliabihty of a measuring instrument increases with the number of categories available (Churchill & Peter, 1984). However, the relationship between information transmitted and the number of response alternatives provided is considered to be subject to diminishing returns after a certain number of categories is reached (Cox, 1980). What is this number? Research addressing this problem has yielded equivocal answers. For example, Cox (1980) suggests that the marginal returns from using more than nine categories is minimal, while for McKelvie (1978) this value lies between nine and 12 categories. Garner (1960), on the other hand, found evidence of a linear increase in information transmitted up to 20 categories. Albaum, Best, and Hawkins (1981) implied that the graphic, or continuous, rating scale (GRS) can be used as a means of circumventing many of the issues surrounding the number of scale categories problem. The GRS consists of a straight line anchored by descriptors pertinent to the problem under investigation. Individuals are asked to make a mark at some point along the continuum that best represents their viewpoints. The distances are
Strategies of Interpretation in Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed

Moreover, Plato's political philosophy, as represented in the Republic, may be regarded as the primary source for Maimonides' own views, underlying much of the Guide's teachings. Plato's opinion of the relationship of philosophy and religion and the uses of religion as a political and social instrument had been communicated to Maimonides through Al-Farabi's writings, however, and Maimonides' praise for the "Second Master," as Al-Farabi was known, may be
Protect your library's computers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how malware can harm the library's computers, and how technology can be used to protect them, in a way that can be understood by the non‐technical.Design/methodology/approach – The searches encompassed articles and books on the issues of malware and technology‐based code organisms.Findings – There were complex issues dealing with hackers and other malevolent and unscrupulous characters trying to break into computer systems for profit.Research limitations/implications – Only small indicators of the overall problem have been addressed. Much more has to be investigated and learned.Practical implications – It is advisable to learn to protect your computers more effectively when “online.”Originality/value – Although much has been written about the problem, few articles offer concrete solutions to the problems.
Effects of Vergence and Accommodative Responses on Viewer's Comfort in Viewing 3D Stimuli

Vergence and accommodative responses in viewing near objects in the real world are behaviorally coupled to maintain clarity and singularity for the object of regard. However virtual stereoscopic stimuli, such as in 3D displays, create non-normal coupling that may cause improper vergence and accommodative responses, possibly resulting in visual discomfort. The present study examined whether the dynamic aspect of current 3D displays is the underlying cause of visual and physical discomfort. To this end, subjects' vergence and accommodative responses were measured while they tracked an approaching 2D or 3D target, and while watching a 2D or 3D movie. The tracking target either moved in steps or continuously, and it was either clear or intentionally blurred. Results show that convergence insufficiency and improper accommodation were greater when a 3D target was moving continuously toward the near position compared to a 2D target and a 3D stimulus moving in steps. Clear targets also resulted in greater vergence and accommodative responses than blurred targets. Viewing 3D movie resulted in greater vergence and accommodation, as well as more severe vision- and motion-related discomfort than 2D movie. These findings suggest that with 3D displays, disparity-induced vision difficulty and internal conflicts cause perceived visual and motion-related discomfort. Characteristics of 3D stimuli, such as the frequency and amplitude of target motion, likely critically affect the severity of reported discomfort symptoms.
Impediments to basing government health policies on science in the United States.

Abstract In the U.S., there is no consistent relationship between what health scientists find and public policy. Some scientific finding are heralded and quickly incorporated into individual and political action. Other findings are ignored, and others are contradicted by policy. This paper explains this inconsistency in terms of individual reaction to hazards, media coverage of hazards, and different ability of individuals to respond to health information; political leaders' preference for high-technology science, distortion and opposition by commercial interests, bureaucratic maneuvering for power and resources; and uncertainty and asymmetry of some scientific findings.
Crystal structures of two local anesthetics: Dibucaine·HCl·H2O and Dimethisoquin·HCl·H2O

The crystal structures of the tertiary amine local anesthetics dibucaine hydrochloride monohydrate (C20H29N3O2·HCl·H2O) and dimethisoquin hydrochloride monohydrate (C17H24N2O·HCl·H2O) have been determined. Dibucaine forms crystals inP21/c witha=10.669(3),b = 35.981(5),c= 11.417(2) A,β= 89.654(3) ° andZ= 8. Dimethisoquin crystallizes in the space groupP¯1 witha = 5.338(6),b=7.579(8),c= 22.336(24) A,a = 85.513(1), β = 87.447(1), γ=84.863(1) °, andZ=2. Intensity data were collected with an automatic diffractometer, using CuKα for dibucaine and MoKα for dimethisoquin. The structures were solved using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to final values ofR= 12.8% for dibucaine andR = 8.8% for dimethisoquin. The structures of both local anesthetics feature planar fused ring systems and extended side chains, one of which contains the tertiary amine that forms hydrogen bonds with other local anesthetic molecules and the chlorine and solvent atoms. The possible sites of action of the anesthetics in the cell membrane are discussed on the basis of these structures.
Degradability of phenolic acid-hemicellulose esters: A model system

A synthetic model system containing p-coumaric and ferulic acids esterified to hemicellulose was used to study polysaccharide degradability. Oatspelts xylan was fractionated into Alinear, Blinear and Branched fractions prior to synthetic esterification with phenolic acids at treatment concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g phenolic acid per kg hemicellulose. Concentrations of phenolic acids esterified to the hemicellulose fractions were determined by alkaline hydrolysis. In-vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and degradability of hemicellulose neutral sugars were measured after 48 h ruminal fermentations. Esterification efficiency of the phenolic acids to the hemicellulose fractions was low (0.3 to 13.9%) and greater for p-coumaric than ferulic acid (4.7 vs 3.1%, respectively). Concentration of esterified phenolic acids was negatively correlated with IVDMD for the Alinear and Bbranched fractions. Ferulic acid appeared to be more inhibitory to IVDMD than p-coumaric acid. Generally the degradability of the side chain sugars of the hemicellulose fractions was negatively correlated with esterified phenolic acid concentrations. Xylose degradation was only correlated with esterified ferulic acid level in the Alinear fraction. The in-vitro ruminal fermentations resulted in the degradation of the majority of the phenolic acid esters. Analysis of the synthetic phenolic acid-hemicellulose esters by 13C NMR and FTIR was unable to prove the presence of monomeric phenolic acid esters. The presence of phenolic acid polyesters was unlikely because of the solubility of the synthetic phenolic acid-hemicellulose esters. The neutral sugar degradation data suggest that esterification of the phenolic acids was limited to sugars with primary hydroxyl groups. While this model system was useful for studying cell wall degradation, future studies must employ model systems in which the chemical constituents being tested accurately model those found in nature.
Vibrational stabilizability of distributed parameter systems

Abstract A condition of vibrational stabilizability for a class of linear partial differential equations is given. An example of vibrational stabilization in a nonlinear situation (Benard instability) is described.
The item veto and state government expenditures

The results in this paper suggest that the item veto has a small and negative impact on total state government spending in those states where the political parties of the governor and the legislature differ. The item veto also appears to have a small impact on the composition of state spending. These results provide some limited support for the conclusion that the item veto is used to reflect more accurately the preferences of the statewide median voter.
The interplay of membrane formation and drug release in solution-cast films of polylactide polymers.

Abstract The interplay of phase inversion and drug release has been studied for films of several biodegradable polylactide polymers cast from solutions containing polymer, solvent, and drug (naproxen). Variables studied included polymer type and concentration, solvent type, and film casting conditions (i.e. free or forced convection, humidity). Film morphologies and thermal properties indicate that reduction of the T g of the amorphous poly (lactide- co -glycolide) (PLGA) and poly ( d , l -lactide) (PDLLA) systems caused by the drug, inhibits stabilization of a porous, structure, regardless of dry casting conditions and drug loads. Porous membranes could be formed by wet casting; however, drug loss during casting, makes this a non-viable process. For semi-crystalline PLLA, membrane morphologies could be varied by controlling the mass transfer path to form a single-phase dense film by polymer crystallization or a liquid–liquid two-phase structure followed by locking-in by polymer crystallization. However, the lack of drug solubility in the crystalline phase leads to unfavorable drug distributions most often leading to a burst release. Release profiles for all three polymers were found to follow a two-stage release model, with a first stage diffusive release followed by zero-order release in the second stage due to polymer erosion.
Comparative kinetics and inhibition of a carbonic anhydrase from Chlamydomonas reinhardii.

1. 1. A native carbonic anhydrase (CA) from Chlamydomonas reinhardii exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 165,000. Denaturation under reducing conditions yielded a single polypeptide, mol. wt 42,000, while the same treatment under nonreducing conditions yielded higher molecular weight aggregates at least two of which could be reactivated to exhibit enzyme activity. 2. 2. In CO2 hydration the enzyme has a Km value of 3.4 mM and a relatively high turnover number. It is very sensitive to inhibition by sulfonamide and moderately sensitive to anion inhibition. 3. 3. In general, the C. reinhardii enzyme resembles many higher plant CAs in its existence as an oligomer. However, it is more like the CAs from animal species in its catalytic versatility and sensitivity to sulfonamides.
Next Generation Cross Technology Test Data Solution for M&A

Huge merger and acquisition (M&A) activities over the last few years has created large organizations with a wide range of technologies that require complex IT integration programs to support merged business entities. The technology roadmap to reach a final integrated target operating model often includes transition states that involve testing of complex systems environments. One of the key dependencies for successful completion of the software lifecycle is the availability of test data. The challenges in provisioning of test data are not new, however, integration comes with unique challenges such as data migration and intermediate transition states covering a mix of applications from two merging estates. This further increases pressure on the project and test managers to provision and maintain data integrity among all applications to obtain optimum test results. Most data used for testing is created using the below techniques: Direct copy/slice of a production database Create test data using front end applications Populated data into backend components of test system All of the above test data collection methods have unique constraints and advantages. This paper describes a next-generation approach for creating a cross-technology test data solution implemented during a large IT M&A program at UK banking major.
“Remember the Maine, Boys, and the Price of This Suit”

(1998). “Remember the Maine, Boys, and the Price of This Suit”. The Historian: Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 119-134.
Investigation of backward THz generation in periodically poled stoichiometric LiTaO_3

We have investigated characteristics of terahertz (THz) radiation generated by periodically poled stoichiometric LiTaO3 (PPSLT) gratings, based on optical rectification of ultrafast optical pulses in a backward configuration. The highest output power from the PPSLT gratings has reached nearly 100 μW. The advantages of LiTaO3 include its significantly reduced photorefractive effect, significantly lower poling electric field, and absence of two-photon absorption in the vicinity of 800 nm. Based on our analysis, effective second-order nonlinear coefficients are enhanced by factors of from 3.7 to 23, resulting in the enhanced output powers. Such enhancements originate from a polariton resonance at the frequency of 127 cm−1, which can be induced by nonlinear mixing of two transverse-optical phonons through strong anharmonicity of LiTaO3. In the second wafer having significantly shorter poling periods, we have observed the complete resonant peak. The linewidth of the THz output can be reduced by increasing the diameter of the pump beam. When the beam size is sufficiently small, the divergence of the THz radiation can be one of the factors preventing the THz power being efficiently coupled out of the crystal, resulting in the optimal beam diameters. As the diameter is increased, the THz peak frequency is slightly blue-shifted due to weak thermal effect.
Measurement of the Energy of a Beta-Ray of Radium B

The energy of the most intense beta-ray line from radium B has been measured and found to be 2.6145\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ electron-volts, taking $\frac{e}{m}$ to be 1.760\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$ e.m.u. per gram. The value of $H\ensuremath{\rho}$ for this line was found to be 1931.8 gauss cm. The spectrum was obtained by the magnetic focussing method and the magnetic field was measured by the Cotton balance method. All measurements were made to within one part in ten thousand and it is hoped that the error in $H\ensuremath{\rho}$ is not greater than this. The value for the energy of course depends on the value of $\frac{e}{m}$ and hence may be in error by about one part in one thousand.