cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic filtration of inertialess particles by granular beds

Abstract Efficiencies are computed for the collection of fine (inertialess), electrically-charged particles in granular bed filters in the presence of imposed electric fields. The electric field and fluid flow in the vicinity of a single bed particle are computed based on the “cell-model”. Consequently, the local intensification of both the electric field and the fluid flow within the bed due to the presence of neighboring particles is included in the model. Analytic expressions for the collection efficiency are developed for Stokes' and potential flows, and are applicable to the collection of particles of finite size in low Reynolds number flows.
Autobiographical memory disturbance in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder

Vietnam combat veterans with (n = 19) and without (n = 13) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) participated in an autobiographical memory experiment in which they attempted to retrieve specific personal memories exemplifying traits denoted by positive (e.g. loyal) and negative (e.g. guilty) cue words. Veterans with PTSD exhibited difficulties retrieving specific autobiographical memories, especially in response to positive trait cue words. These deficits were especially pronounced in PTSD Ss who wore Vietnam War regalia (e.g. medals, fatigues) to the laboratory. Regalia-wearing PTSD Ss disproportionately retrieved memories from the Vietnam War, unlike other Ss who retrieved relatively recent memories. Wearing regalia in daily life may be emblematic of psychological fixation to a war fought more than two decades ago. Difficulties remembering one's past may underlie difficulties envisioning one's future, as reflected in the PTSD symptom of 'future foreshortening', and difficulties using memory specifically may also hamper efforts to solve personal problems.
A de novo Alu insertion results in neurofibromatosis type 1.

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS type 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder with a high mutation rate and variable expression, characterized by neurofibromas, cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules of the iris, and less frequent features including bone deformities and learning disabilities1. The recently cloned NF1 gene encodes a transcript of 13 kilobases from a ubiquitously expressed locus on chromosome 17 (refs. 2–4). Most NF1 patients are expected to have unique mutations, but only a few have so far been characterized, restricting genetic and functional information and the design of DNA diagnostics. We report an unusual NF1 mutation, that of a de novo Alu repetitive element insertion into an intron, which results in deletion of the downstream exon during splicing and consequently shifts the reading frame. This previously undescribed mechanism of mutation indicates that Alu retrotrans-position is an ongoing process in the human germ line.
Goldstone fermions in supersymmetric theories at finite temperature

The behavior of supersymmetric theories at finite temperature is examined. It is shown that supersymmetry is broken for any $T\ensuremath{\ge}0$ because of the different statistics obeyed by bosons and fermions. This breaking is always associated with a Goldstone mode(s). This phenomenon is shown to take place even in a free massive theory, where the Goldstone modes are created by composite fermion-boson bilinear operators. In the interacting theory with chiral symmetry, the same bilinear operators create the chiral doublet of Goldstone fermions, which is shown to saturate the Ward-Takahashi identities up to one loop. Because of this spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, the fermions and the bosons acquire different effective masses. In theories without chiral symmetry, at the tree level the fermion-boson bilinear operators create Goldstone modes, but at higher orders these modes become massive and the elementary fermion becomes the Goldstone field because of the mixing with these bilinear operators.
A novel histone deacetylase inhibitor prevents IL‐1β induced metabolic dysfunction in pancreatic β‐cells

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) has recently been shown to inhibit deleterious effects of cytokines on beta-cells, but it is unable to protect beta-cells from death due to its own cytotoxicity. Herein, we investigated novel HDAC inhibitors for their cytoprotective effects against IL-1beta-induced damage to isolated beta-cells. We report that three novel compounds (THS-73-44, THS-72-5 and THS-78-5) significantly inhibited HDAC activity and increased the acetylation of histone H4 in isolated beta-cells. Further, these compounds exerted no toxic effects on metabolic cell viability in these cells. However, among the three compounds tested, only THS-78-5 protected against IL-1beta-mediated loss in beta-cell viability. THS-78-5 was also able to attenuate IL-1beta-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and subsequent NO release. Our data also indicate that the cytoprotective properties of THS-78-5 against IL-1beta-mediated effects may, in part, be due to inhibition of IL-1beta-induced transactivation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in these cells. Together, we provide evidence for a novel HDAC inhibitor with a significant potential to prevent IL-1beta-mediated effects on isolated beta-cells. Potential implications of these findings in the development of novel therapeutics to prevent deleterious effects of cytokines and the onset of autoimmune diabetes are discussed.
Beyond Access: New Concepts, New Tensions for Collection Development in a Digital Environment.

Libraries have generally made the conceptual shift from collections based on “ownership” to more expansive models which incorporate “access” to information. A new set of challenges is emerging as the capabilities of information technology create new potentials for publishing and new models for access. Coupled with significant changes in the scholarly communication arena, research libraries are now challenged to reconceive the prevailing notions of collection development activity and the closely related strategies of providing access. Describes critical technical, cultural, and economic factors in the 1990s, and details an emerging series of tensions which build on the ownership‐access dichotomy of the past.
The horizons of romanticism, two centuries later

The story of the Romanticism sub-series of the Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages illustrates the need for collaborative team efforts such as have actually been promoted by the International Comparative Literature Association to cope more adequately with the complexities of transnational cultural constellations over time. From its inception, the Romanticism sub-series has exhibited a spirit of pragmatic engagement, a will to proceed from concrete examples of literary works and cultural discourses, rather than to impose supposed norms based on pre-agreed paradigms or to privilege today’s theorizing over the past. The cooperation among some 100 researchers from some two dozen countries has yielded an intellectually open picture of how a multifaceted heritage gathers momentum and is blended into the flow of a larger cultural poly-system.
Pharmacogenomic assessment of carboxylesterases 1 and 2

Human carboxylesterases 1 and 2 (CES1 and CES2) catalyze the hydrolysis of many exogenous compounds. Alterations in carboxylesterase sequences could lead to variability in both the inactivation of drugs and the activation of prodrugs. We resequenced CES1 and CES2 in multiple populations (n = 120) to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms and confirmed the novel SNPs in healthy European and African individuals (n = 190). Sixteen SNPs were found in CES1 (1 per 300 bp) and 11 in CES2 (1 per 630 bp) in at least one population. Allele frequencies and estimated haplotype frequencies varied significantly between African and European populations. No association between SNPs in CES1 or CES2 was found with respect to RNA expression in normal colonic mucosa; however, an intronic SNP (IVS10-88) in CES2 was associated with reduced CES2 mRNA expression in colorectal tumors. Functional analysis of the novel polymorphisms described in this study is now warranted to identify putative roles in drug metabolism.
Effects of Diet and Nutrition on Drug Therapy

Foods containing biochemically active substances have been used therapeutically throughout the ages and continue to function as important adjuncts to drug therapy. But naturally-occurring substances can also have adverse effects, as can the food additives of today. Food--drug interactions can alter the effect of therapeutic agents or cause adverse reactions where none had existed. These problems are often aggravated in elderly patients, who may suffer from malnutrition (e.g., protein insufficiency) or altered food metabolism. Malnutrition in the elderly can be caused by disease, socioeconomic factors, or simply by the deterioration of eating habits. Although nutritional requirements decrease with age, the elderly still need nutrients for the repair of normal structures and for energy. The nutritional needs of the elderly remain poorly defined. Drugs can alter food metabolism, which, in turn, can affect drug action. Many food--drug interactions are well documented; drug absorption and drug elimination are often affected by an altered food metabolism. Particular problems include salicylate-induced iron deficiency, poor monitoring of vitamin metabolism and the effects of vitamin underuse and overuse, and lack of knowledge about the effects of long-term drug use on vitamin metabolism. An additional problem is the presence of potentially harmful materials in non-prescription products.
U.S. Religious Regions Revisited

Religion continues to play an important role in the public and private lives of Americans. Therefore, a reexamination of U.S. religious regions is necessary in light of the rapid demographic changes that have occurred in the past few decades. This article presents a new regionalization of religion in the United States for 1980 and 2000, produced using multivariate cluster analysis. Comparing this new regionalization with earlier attempts, it demonstrates that religious regions continue to exist today and have undergone various levels of stability and change. Furthermore, religious regions continue to be relevant because they provide scholars with a method for identifying and characterizing the societal context in which individual religious communities function.
Cyclin D1: polymorphism, aberrant splicing and cancer risk

The cyclin D1 proto-oncogene exercises powerful control over the mechanisms that regulate the mitotic cell cycle, and excessive cyclin D1 expression and/or activity is common in human cancers. Although somatic mutations of the cyclin D1 locus are rarely observed, mounting evidence demonstrates that a specific polymorphism of cyclin D1 (G/A870) and a protein product of a potentially related alternate splicing event (cyclin D1b) may influence cancer risk and outcome. Herein, we review the epidemiological and functional literatures that link these alterations of cyclin D1 to human tumor development and progression.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and a homologous peptide in the male rat reproductive system.

Abstract TRH and a TRH-like peptide have been shown to occur throughout the male rat reproductive system by TRH radioimmunoassay, SP-Sephadex C25 cation exchange chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography and parallel line analysis. The total concentration of TRH and TRH-like peptide was highest in the prostate followed by the testis, cauda epididymis and seminal vesicles. Dilution curves for extracts of prostate, testis and seminal vesicles were parallel with TRH while the corresponding curve for epididymis was nonparallel.
A quantitative study of beta-adrenergic receptors in rabbit atria.

Abstract The effects of propranolol, AY 21,011 and quinterenol on the responses of spontaneously beating right atrium and electrically driven left atrium to isoproterenol have been determined. The dissociation constants ( K B values) of these antagonists were the same for antagonizing the inotropic and chronotropic effects of isoproterenol. These results give further support to the hypothesis that the inotropic and chronotropic responses to isoproterenol are mediated via the same receptors.
Protein kinases and phosphatases that act on histidine, lysine, or arginine residues in eukaryotic proteins: A possible regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade

Phosphohistidine goes undetected in conventional studies of protein phosphorylation, although it may account for 6% of total protein phosphorylation in eukaryotes. Procedures for studying protein N- kinases are described. Genes whose products are putative protein histidine kinases occur in a yeast and a plant. In rat liver plasma membranes, activation of the small G-protein, Ras, causes protein histidine phosphorylation. Cellular phosphatases dephosphorylate phosphohistidine. One eukaryotic protein histidine kinase has been purified, and specific proteins phosphorylated on histidine have been observed. There is a protein arginine kinase in mouse and protein lysine kinases in rat. Protein phosphohistidine may regulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
Quantum band engineering of nitride semiconductors for infrared lasers

The III-nitride semiconductors have been proposed as candidate materials for new quantum cascade lasers in the nearinfrared (1.5-3 μm), and far-infrared (30-60 μm), due to the large conduction-band offset between GaN and Alcontaining alloys (>1 eV), and the large longitudinal optical (LO) phonon energy (90 meV), respectively. The challenges of III-nitride intersubband devices are twofold: material and design related. Due to large electron effective mass, the nitride intersubband materials require the ability to fine-tune the atomic structure at an unprecedented sub-nanometer level. Moreover, the III-N materials exhibit built-in polarization fields that complicate the design of intersubband lasers. This paper presents recent results on c-plane nitride resonant-tunneling diodes that are important for the prospects of farinfrared nitride lasers. We also report near-infrared absorption and photocurrent measurements in nonpolar (m-plane) AlGaN/GaN superlattices.
The assessment of excitation and inhibition by air puff elicited startle

Following differential conditioning, an attempt was made to measure excitation and inhibition by recording the startle response elicited by an air-puff probe during presentation of the CS. A CS that predicted shock during conditioning became an excitor as evidenced by greater startle magnitude in its presence relative to the startle magnitude of a random control group. A CS that predicted shock absence, however, did not become an inhibitor.
Operative therapy of coronary arterial aneurysm

In summary, a patient with multiple coronary aneurysms and operative therapy is described and 17 previously reported similar cases are reviewed. The proper type of operation for this condition is as yet unclear, but, nevertheless, the reported cases and our case with operative therapy have done well postoperatively despite a variety of procedures performed.
Use of an in vitro rumen gas production technique to evaluate microbial fermentation of ruminant feeds and its impact on fermentation products

In vitro techniques are routinely used to evaluate the nutritional quality of feeds due to their convenience, adaptability and efficiency. In recent years, research on nutritional evaluation of feeds using in vitro techniques has gained wider acceptance due to its ease of adoption, repeatability, minimized use of animals and the decrease in funding for in vivo evaluation of feeds. In vitro rumen gas techniques have gained popularity as a research tool, versus other in vitro techniques, due to their ability to provide kinetic data that describes extent and rate of digestion from single sample incubation. Uses of an in vitro rumen gas technique to assess ruminant feeds and feeding systems are summarized to show that the technique has potential application to many new areas of ruminant nutritional research.
Cardiac conduction system in the chicken: Gross anatomy plus light and electron microscopy

Twenty-three chicken hearts were used to study the cardiac conduction system by light and electron microscopy. In addition to a sinus node, atrioventricular node (AVN), His bundle, left and right bundle branches (LBB, RBB), the chicken also has an AV Purkinje ring and a special middle bundle branch (MBB). The sinus node lies near the base of the lower portion of the right sinoatrial valve. The AV node is just above the tricuspid valve and anterior to the coronary sinus. The His bundle descends from the anterior and inferior margin of the AV node into the interventricular septum, then dividing into right, left and middle branches some distance below the septal crest. The middle bundle branch turns posteriorly toward the root of the aorta. The AV Purkinje ring originates from the proximal AV node and then encircles the right AV orifice, joining the MBB to form a figure-of-eight loop. The chicken conduction system contains four types of myocytes: 1) The P cell is small and rounded, with a relatively large nucleus and sparse myofibrils. 2) The transitional cell is slender and full of myofibrils. 3) The Purkinje-like cell resembles the typical Purkinje cell, but is smaller and darker. 4) The Purkinje cell is found in the His bundle, its branches, and the periarterial and subendocardial Purkinje network.
Room temperature catalyst-free Knoevenagel condensation: facile access to isatinylidenerhodanines

Abstract A catalyst-free Knoevenagel type synthesis of isatinylidenerhodanines is reported starting from substituted isatins and rhodanines. The reaction proceeds spontaneously at room temperature in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), employing a unique macrocyclic intermediate formed through an intramolecular H-bonding. Various substituted isatinylidenerhodanines could be synthesized in good yields.
Quantification of the binding constant of copper(II) to the amyloid-beta peptide.

The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide of Alzheimer’s disease binds copper(II), and the peptide-bound metal may be a source of reactive oxygen species and neurotoxicity. To circumvent peptide aggregation and reduce redox activity, there is growing interest in using metal chelates as drug therapeutics for AD, whose design requires accurate data on the affinity of Aβ peptides for copper(II). Reports on Cu2+ binding to Aβ range from ∼105 to ∼109; these valuesʼ being obtained for different peptide lengths (1−16, 1−28, 1−40, 1−42) at varying pH. Herein, we report that Cu2+ʼs binding to Aβ(1−40) at 37 °C occurs in a 1:1 stoichiometry with a pH-dependent binding constant: 1.1 (±0.2) × 109 M−1 and 2.4 (±0.2) × 109 M−1 at pH 7.2 and 7.4, respectively. Under identical conditions, Aβ(1−16) reveals a comparable binding constant, confirming that this portion of the peptide is the binding region. Several previously reported values can be reconciled with the current measurement by careful consideration of thermodynamics associat...
Relationships among components of the grammar in language disorder.

This study (1) examined the relationship between the accuracy of repetition of syntactic structures and phonological sequences by language-disordered children, and (2) examined the effect of meanin...
The Gunnison's prairie dog structures a high desert grassland landscape as a keystone engineer

Abstract The influence of landscape spatial structure on ecological processes has recently received much attention. Comparisons are made here between the spatial structure of grasslands, and active and extirpated Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni Hollister) towns at the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, U.S.A. The spatial structure of bare ground was quatified using a box-counting technique to extract landscape fractal dimensions, D, and bare-ground patch size. These landscapes are fractal, and active prairie dog towns had higher fractal dimensions, i.e. a more homogeneous spatial structure as D approaches 2, than inactive towns, which had higher fractal dimensions than unmodified grasslands. Morisita's index suggested that shrubs were more randomly distributed on prairie dog towns and more aggregated on grassland habitats. The different spatial distributions of bare ground and shrubs have the potential to influence resource distributions between these habitats for both prairie dogs and other fauna. Consequently, the presence of prairie dogs in these grasslands increases grassland landscape heterogeneity at large spatial scales, potentially enhancing beta diversity.
Errors in Aviation Maintenance: Taxonomy and Control

Maintenance errors account for a small, but highly visible, portion of aviation-related accidents and fatalities. To measure, and hence eventually control, errors in any field requires a taxonomy which enumerates and classifies the errors. This taxonomy can come from reported errors, but a pro-active system is needed to cover potential errors, as well as those which happen to have been committed and recorded so far. A standard starting point for human and system errors is the description and analysis of those tasks necessary to complete the maintenance-inspection requirements of aircraft in an approved manner. As each step of this Task Description is listed, the failure modes associated with that step can be logically deduced. Following an extensive Task Description and Analysis of aircraft maintenance, an error taxonomy was developed from the failure modes of each task. From current theoretical approaches to human error come ways of extending this classification, and of relating potential errors to level...
The influence of temperature and serum deprivation on the synthesis of heat-shock proteins and alpha and beta tubulin in promastigotes of Leishmania major.

Abstract We have examined changes in the relative synthesis of individual proteins in promastigotes of Leishmania major subjected to decreasing serum levels in vitro. We observed increases in the relative synthesis of the putative heat-shock proteins of 82 and 70 kDa and of proteins of 79 and 41 kDa but decreases in the synthesis of proteins of 38 and 28 kDa. The relative synthesis of α-tubulin increased, whereas that of β-tubulin decreased, in promastigotes subjected to decreased serum concentrations. This uncoordinated regulation of the synthesis of the tubulin proteins was not reflected as an alteration in the relative levels of the messenger RNA of the respective proteins. We have also studied changes in the synthesis of proteins in L. major promastigotes subjected to a temperature change from 26°C to 34°C. The results indicate that the synthesis of putative heat-shock proteins of 82, 70, 65, 41, 23 and 22 kDa increased when the parasites were incubated at the higher temperature, although these proteins were synthesised in detectable amounts at 26°C. We could not detect differences between infective and non-infective promastigotes, separated by binding to peanut agglutinin, in the synthesis of individual proteins in response to increased temperature. These results were confirmed by densitometer analysis of autoradiographs of labelled promastigote proteins, and the relative changes in the synthesis of the two major heat-shock proteins, as well as α- and β-tubulin, were estimated.
X-ray diffraction peak-broadening analysis of (La-M)2CuO4 high-Tc superconductors

An X-ray diffraction peak-broadening analysis of four oxides is described: La2CuO4 and La1.85M0.15CuO4 (M = Ca,Ba,Sr) high-Tc superconductors. The diffraction line profiles were fitted with a convolution of specimen and instrumental functions, and the specimen peakbroadening angular dependence was analyzed with the Warren-Averbach method. It was found that microstrains and incoherently diffracting domains are highly anisotropic. In the superconductors, stacking-fault probability increases with increasing Tc; microstrain decreases. In La2CuO4, different broadening of (h00) and (0k0) reflections is not caused by stacking faults; it might arise from lower crystallographic symmetry.
Scheduling sports competitions on multiple venues

Abstract The scheduling of sports competitions has recently been receiving a great deal of attention in the operational research literature. This research considers the scheduling of competitions that take place on several venues not associated with any of the participants. It was motivated by the request from a head coach of a major-college football team to assist in the development of a training schedule for intra-squad team competitions on various drill stations. An integer goal program is developed to construct a schedule that satisfies a variety of conditions.
Enhancement of Sindbis virus infectivity by reduced salt concentration.

SummaryThe efficiency of plaquing (EOP) on chick embryo fibroblast monolayers of three temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus defective in late functions was enhanced 10- to 11-fold when the inoculum was applied in medium containing 66% of the normal concentration of sodium chloride. Studies with one of these mutants revealed similar enhancement over a broad range of reduced salt concentrations. The EOP of wild-type virus and of a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in RNA synthesis were also enhanced, but to a lesser degree. No increase in EOP occurred if the exposure of virus to reduced salt concentration ended before the virus suspension was applied to the monolayers; thus, a virus-cell interaction appeared to be involved. The salt-sensitive step occurred within the first hr of infection, but subsequent to virus adsorption.
American Pediatric Society Presidential Address 2006: science on the edge with life in the balance.

American Pediatric Society Presidential Address 2006: Science on the Edge With Life in the Balance
One-step electrochemical process for the formation of poly (N-methylpyrrole) coatings on steel in different media

Abstract Poly ( N -methylpyrrole) coatings have been successfully formed on steel by a one-step electrochemical process in different media. Electropolymerization was performed in aqueous medium with low monomer concentration and in a mixed aqueous/organic media with higher monomer concentrations. Ethanol (EtOH) and N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF) were chosen as the organic components of the mixed solvents and oxalic acid was used as the electrolyte. The effect of process parameters on the formation of poly( N -methylpyrrole) was systematically investigated. The composition and morphology of the coatings were also studied by elemental analysis, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results reveal that the formation and properties of poly ( N -methylpyrrole) coatings were all dependent on the solvent composition and other process parameters. The amount of poly( N -methylpyrrole) formed on steel increased with time and applied current for all the solvent-electrolyte systems. For the electropolymerization performed in distilled water-oxalic acid solution, the amount of polymer coatings formed decreased with increased electrolyte concentration. In contrast, the amount of polymer coatings formed on steel in distilled water:ethanol (1:1)-oxalic acid and distilled water:DMF (1:1)-oxalic acid systems, increased with increasing electrolyte concentration. By controlling the electrochemical parameters, smooth, uniform and strongly adherent coatings could be formed onto steel substrates.
Analysis of a Class of Earth-Mars Cycler Trajectories

Sun-orbiting spacecraft trajectories that repeatedly encounter Earth and Mars may play a central role in a future Earth-Mars transportation system. Such orbits are known as Earth-Mars cycler trajectories (cyclers). By using gravity-assist maneuvers at Earth or Mars, many cyclers can avoid using large amounts of propellant. The known cyclers were found using heuristics or numerical searches. We describe a new, systematic method for constructing and evaluating cyclers. Our method reveals that previously known cyclers, such as the Aldrin cycler and the Versatile International Station for Interplanetary Transport cyclers, belong to a larger family of cyclers. Our cycler construction method also reveals some previously unknown cyclers. For example, we identify a new cycler that repeats every two synodic periods and has a low V ∞ at Earth and Mars (5.65 and 3.05 km/s, respectively).
Left-handedness and early brain insult: An explanation

Abstract A relationship between birth order and handedness was recently reported [1]. It was shown that the incidence of left-handedness was significantly higher (18 per cent) in first- or later-born than in second- or third-born Ss. It was suggested [1] that the former group runs a higher risk of birth complications due to neurological insult which accounts for the observed relationship. This hypothesized relationship, however, offers no explanation (other than circular) as to why the incidence of left-handedness should be altered, if at all, in Ss with early brain insult. A Model is presented [2] which could account for the present relationship [1] and other reports of a raised incidence of left-handedness in brain-injured populations [3].
Rational homology cobordisms of spherical space forms

THE RECENT work of Donaldson [S-7] and of the authors [8-lo] has pointed out that the study of the differential geometric and analytic nature of a smooth 4-manifold in the guise of the study of Yang-Mills connections yields new and surprising results. This is surely no accident. In this paper we will begin to place under the umbrella of Yang-Mills theory many of the earlier results in 4-manifolds which utilize invariants arising from the G-signature theorem and we will generalize these results. Our main result concerns rational homology cobordisms of spherical space forms. Let W’ be a compact smooth 4-manifold with boundary components d,, . . , Zp which are spherical space forms and suppose that W4 has the rational homology of a p-punctured sphere. To any character x: H,( W4; Z)U(1) we associate three integers G( W4, ,Y), p( If’, x) and p( W4, x) as follows. Each boundary component dj of W4 is a quotient of S3 by a finite group Gj acting orthogonally on S’ and which extends to an orthogonal action on D’ fixing the origin. For g E Gj, let rj(g) and sj(g) denote the rotation angles of the action of g on D’. Let xj= d*: H,(d,; Z)U( 1) wherej is the inclusion of d, into WA. The character 1 determines a flat SO(2) bundle L, over W4 which when restricted to a boundary component Zj is the SO(2) bundle S3 x S’/Gj+S3/Gj
Primordial spliceosomal introns were probably U2-type

The two types of eukaryotic spliceosomal introns, U2 and U12, possess different splice signals and are excised by distinct spliceosomes. The nature of the primordial introns remains uncertain. A comparison of the amino acid distributions at insertion sites of introns that retained their positions throughout eukaryotic evolution with the distributions for human and Arabidopsis thaliana U2 and U12 introns reveals close similarity with U2 but not U12. Thus, the primordial spliceosomal introns were, most likely, U2-type.
Sensitivity of early mouse embryos to [3H]thymidine.

Abstract Effects of intranuclear radiation on the developmental capacity of early mouse embryos were studied by exposing embryos to [3H]thymidine and counting the number of embryos forming blastocysts, trophoblast outgrowths, inner cell masses (ICMs), and two-layer ICMs (differentiated into primary endoderm and ectoderm). When embryos were cultured from the 2-cell stage for 8 days in the continuous presence of [3H]thymidine, concentrations as low as 0.1 nCi/ml reduced the number of embryos forming two-layer ICMs. At 1 nCi/ml, the number of both ICMs and two-layer ICMs was reduced, and at 10 nCi/ml the number of embryos developing to all three post-blastocyst endpoints was reduced. Blastocyst formation was not affected even at the highest concentration tested (100 nCi/ml). When embryos were cultured from the 2-cell stage for 3 days in the presence of [3H]thymidine and then cultured further in unlabelled medium, the effects were similar to those of 8-day exposure. When embryos were exposed to [3H]thymidine for 24 h at various developmental stages, effects were less severe than when they were exposed continuously for 3 or 8 days, and the sensitivity of embryos differed between stages; the lowest concentration that interfered with development was 10 nCi/ml, and exposure at the morula stage was most detrimental to the subsequent development of embryos, particularly that of ICMs. The 24-h exposure of immunosurgically isolated ICMs to [3H]thymidine revealed that the high sensitivity of the ICM to [3H]thymidine persists through the late blastocyst stage and declines progressively thereafter. Autoradiography indicated that the change in radiosensitivity of embryos or ICMs is generally related to their ability to incorporate [3H]thymidine into the DNA.
Persistent convergence on randomly deleted sets

Abstract At time t k , a unit with magnitude X k and lifetime L k enters a system. Let λ be a real valued function on the finite real sequences. One such sequence, B * t , consists of the X k 's for which t k ⩽ t t k + L k . When λ( X 1 ,…, X n ) converges (in some sense) to φ, we find conditions under which λ( B * t ) converges or fails to converge to φ in the same sense.
Cooperative Cataloging at the Intersection of Tradition and Transformation: Possible Futures for the Program for Cooperative Cataloging

Shared cataloging has a long history, stretching back over a century to the creation of the Library of Congress’ Cataloging Distribution Service. More recent endeavors such as the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) have taken a much more distributed approach. By many measures, these efforts have been highly successful. But changes to the information discovery environment, especially in the past decade, have complicated bibliographic control practices. This article discusses what changes might impact the Program most significantly and how it might evolve to remain a critical player in the bibliographic control of intellectual resources.
Simultaneous multifocal polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma: Report of two cases

The polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma is a recetly described variant of salivary gland adenocarcinoma with a comparatively good prognosis. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma occurs most fequently in the palate with a peak incidence between 30 and 70 years of age. The female/male ratio is approximately 2:1, and the tumors exhibit slow growth with a low recurrence rate. The simultaneous occurrence of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma has not been previously reported. This article reviews the existing literature and describes the first two reports of simultaneous intraoral polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
PET and Radiation Therapy Planning and Delivery for Prostate Cancer

PET imaging has become an integral component of the diagnosis and management of a substantial number of lymphatic and solid malignancies. One of the greatest dilemmas in prostate cancer remains the need for greater personalization of treatment recommendations based on the true extent of disease, so that patients with extraprostatic, micrometastatic disease can be identified early and managed accordingly. These sites currently remain under the level of detection with standard imaging and continue to confound clinicians. Novel PET tracers to complement anatomic data from CT and MR imaging can truly make a difference, and ongoing research holds the greatest promise.
A partial systematic revision of the day geckos, Phelsuma Gray, of Madagascar (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)

Recent survey work in Madagascar has led to significant changes in the systematics of Madagascan Phelruma. A new species from the Masoala Peninsula in northeastern Madagascar is described, which has a nostril position typical of Phelsuma from Mauritius, Reunion and Rodriguez islands. Phelsuma breviceps was rediscovered in extreme southern Madagascar and is resurrected from the synonymy of P. mutabilis. Phelsuma breviceps has fragile skin, a probable predator escape mechanism, similar to the condition found in geckos of the genera Ailurorpx and Geckolepis. Three new synonyms are recognized. Phelsuma befotakensis and P. checki are junior synonyms of P. abbotti, and P. minuthi is a junior synonym of P. lineata. Twenty species of Phelruma occur in Madagascar, of which 16 are endemic. A checklist and identification key are provided. Conservation problems of Phelsuma in the coastal regions of Madagascar are briefly discussed.
How to fix a broken clock

Fortunate are those who rise out of bed to greet the morning light well rested with the energy and enthusiasm to drive a productive day. Others, however, depend on hypnotics for sleep and require stimulants to awaken lethargic bodies. Sleep/wake disruption is a common occurrence in healthy individuals throughout their lifespan and is also a comorbid condition to many diseases (neurodegenerative) and psychiatric disorders (depression and bipolar). There is growing concern that chronic disruption of the sleep/wake cycle contributes to more serious conditions including diabetes (type 2), cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A poorly functioning circadian system resulting in misalignments in the timing of clocks throughout the body may be at the root of the problem for many people. In this article we discuss environmental (light therapy) and lifestyle changes (scheduled meals, exercise, and sleep) as interventions to help fix a broken clock. We also discuss the challenges and potential for future development of pharmacological treatments to manipulate this key biological system.
Solar panels, shovels and the 'Net: Selective uses of technology in the homesteading movement

Although the dystopian and utopian academic literature on technology present either a pessimistic or optimistic picture of its societal impact, people's everyday uses of technology often counter such views. This paper examines the selective uses of technology, and particularly communications technology, in the everyday practices of homesteaders, or members of the ‘back to the land’ movement in Bloomington, Indiana, USA. Using an ethnographic approach, this study analyzes how homesteaders' ideology of voluntary simplicity informs their complex, everyday engagement with technology.
Immunofluorescent localization of immunoglobulins on the cell surface of mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Living mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence for their ability to adsorb heterologous serum proteins from culture media to their cell surfaces. Bovine and human immunoglobulins of the IgG class were adsorbed by the oocytes and all stages of preimplantation embryos, while IgG of mouse or goat origin was not. In contrast none of the serum albumins was adsorbed to the cell surfaces of mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos. From the differential binding of IgG of some, but not all, of the species that were tested, we concluded that these cell surface IgG “receptors” on mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos are likely to be heterophilic in nature. Similar observations were made irrespective of the strain of mice used to provide the oocytes and embryos. These observations raise the question of whether human oocytes and preimplantation embryos should also be assayed for their ability to adsorb animal serum proteins that are possible candidates as a substitute protein supplement for human serum in culture medium used in human in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer programs.
Spin-Orbit Symmetries of Conduction Electrons in Silicon

We derive a spin-dependent Hamiltonian that captures the symmetry of the zone edge states in silicon. We present analytical expressions of the spin-dependent states and of spin relaxation due to electron-phonon interactions in the multivalley conduction band. We find excellent agreement with experimental results. Similar to the usage of the Kane Hamiltonian in direct band-gap semiconductors, the new Hamiltonian can be used to study spin properties of electrons in silicon.
Development and validation of a soil-based geographic information system model of habitat of Fossaria bulimoides, a snail intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica

Abstract Soil maps were investigated for their potential to indicate the spatial distribution of habitat of the amphibious snail, Fossaria bulimoides, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Louisiana. On a 760 ha farm adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico, most snail habitats clustered along interfaces of cheniers (relict beaches with sandy soils) with marsh (heavy, gleyed clays). A few small foci occurred on the cheniers above interfaces. Virtually no habitats occupied marsh away from these interfaces, on this or several other farms previously examined. Habitat and soil map overlays were analyzed in a raster-based geographic information system (GIS) with a 10 m pixel size; a model of habitat was generated as bands 50–90 m wide at chenier-marsh interfaces. The model was extrapolated to a 29 000 ha study area and tested on 12 additional farms not adjacent to the Gulf. On these farms, snail surveys were carried out as transects on three strata: waveface (WF, former beachfront) and backslope (BS) chenier-marsh interfaces, and chenier. The perimeters of all habitats encountered were outlined. The interface of marsh with chenier backslopes occupied 5.25% of the area of the farms, but held 21.69% of snail habitat area. Additionally, chenier soils of the Hackberry-Mermentau complex (HM) occupied 12.32% of farm area, but held 61.39% of habitat. Habitat area was related by regression analysis to the proportion of farm consisting of HM soils (r2 = 0.41, P
GROWTH RESPONSE OF TOMATO PLANTS TO APPLIED SUCROSE

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NMR analysis of [methyl-13C]methionine UvrB from Bacillus caldotenax reveals UvrB-domain 4 heterodimer formation in solution.

Abstract UvrB is a central DNA damage recognition protein involved in bacterial nucleotide excision repair. Structural information has been limited by the apparent disorder of the C-terminal domain 4 in crystal structures of intact UvrB; in solution, the isolated domain 4 is found to form a helix–loop–helix dimer. In order to gain insight into the behavior of UvrB in solution, we have performed NMR studies on [methyl-13C]methionine-labeled UvrB from Bacillus caldotenax (molecular mass = 75 kDa). The 13 methyl resonances were assigned on the basis of site-directed mutagenesis and domain deletion. Solvent accessibility was assessed based on the relaxation and chemical shift responses of the probe methyl resonances to the stable nitroxide, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL). M632, located at the potential dimer interface of domain 4, provides an ideal probe for UvrB dimerization behavior. The M632 resonance of UvrB is very broad, consistent with some degree of monomer–dimer exchange and/or conformational instability of the exposed dimer interface. Upon addition of unlabeled domain 4 peptide, the M632 resonance of UvrB sharpens and shifts to a position consistent with a UvrB–domain 4 heterodimer. A dissociation constant (KD) value of 3.3 μM for the binding constant of UvrB with the domain 4 peptide was derived from surface plasmon resonance studies. Due to the flexibility of the domain 3–4 linker, inferred from limited proteolysis data and from the relaxation behavior of linker residue M607, the position of domain 4 is constrained not by the stiffness of the linking segment but by direct interactions with domains 1–3 in UvrB. In summary, UvrB homodimerization is disfavored, while domain 4 homodimerization and UvrB–domain 4 heterodimerization are allowed.
Role of cardiovascular nuclear medicine in evaluating trauma and the postoperative patient

In the patient with cardiac trauma, radionuclide imaging may provide important information about cardiac mechanical function, vascular anatomy and integrity, myocardial perfusion, and myocardial metabolism. Studies require only minimal patient cooperation, can be performed relatively rapidly and often at the bedside, and may be repeated at frequent intervals for serial evaluations. These studies provide valuable adjunctive knowledge when selected and interpreted with knowledge of the mechanism of injury, timing of the examination relative to the time of injury, and most likely differential diagnoses.
Development and calibration of dual-permeability flow models with discontinuous fault networks

A sophisticated dual-permeability flow model of the T-tunnel complex, Rainier Mesa, Nevada National Security Site, was developed and calibrated to facilitate predictions of radionuclide transport from underground nuclear tests within a perched zone of saturation downward through a series of variably saturated, sparsely fractured and faulted Tertiary tuff units to a regional flow system. The hydrogeologic complexity of the site necessitated a multistage calibration effort to capture the dominant flow characteristics of the site including: laterally and vertically extensive saturation in the Tertiary volcanics, pressure heads consistent with water level measurements, variably saturated flow conditions involving a thin unsaturated zone situated between two saturated zones, unsaturated Paleozoic carbonates located immediately adjacent to saturated Tertiary volcanic units, and fracture saturations congruent with field observations that range from fully saturated to dry. The incorporation of discontinuous fault networks into the dual-permeability model played a key role in reproducing the salient hydrologic features of the site. Successful model reproduction of observed cumulative tunnel discharge volume and tunnel discharge rates before tunnel sealing served as a novel transient test of the ability of the discontinuous fault networks to realistically honor field-scale fault network connectivity and permeability. The excellent reproduction of field observations by the numerical model, and the uniqueness of the primary parameters used to calibrate the model, demonstrate the advantage of incorporating discontinuous fault networks over equivalent fracture properties in sparsely fractured, dual-permeability media.