cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of anode-attached microbes in a microbial fuel cell

Current-generating (exoelectrogenic) bacteria in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) may not be culturable using standard in vitro agar-plating techniques, making isolation of new microbes a challenge. More in vivo like conditions are needed where bacteria can be grown and directly isolated on an electrode. While colonies can be developed from single cells on an electrode, the cells must be immobilized after being placed on the surface. Here we present a proof-of-concept immobilization approach that allows exoelectrogenic activity of cells on an electrode based on applying a layer of latex to hold bacteria on surfaces. The effectiveness of this procedure to immobilize particles was first demonstrated using fluorescent microspheres as bacterial analogs. The latex coating was then shown to not substantially affect the exoelectrogenic activity of well-developed anode biofilms in two different systems. A single layer of airbrushed coating did not reduce the voltage produced by a biofilm in a microbial fuel cell (MFC), and more easily applied dip-and-blot coating reduced voltage by only 11% in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). This latex immobilization procedure will enable future testing of single cells for exoelectrogenic activity on electrodes in BESs.
Predictive filtering: a learning-based approach to data stream filtering

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in filtering of distributed data streams, such as those produced by networked sensors. The focus is to conserve bandwidth and sensor battery power by limiting the number of updates sent from the source while maintaining an acceptable approximation of the value at the sink. We propose a novel technique called Predictive Filtering. We use matching predictors at the source and the sink simultaneously to predict the next update. The update is streamed only when the difference between the actual and the predicted value at the source increases beyond a threshold. Different predictors can be plugged into our framework, and we present a comparison of the effectiveness of various predictors. Through experiments performed on a bee-motion tracking log we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in limiting the number of updates while maintaining a good approximation of the streamed data at the sink.
Surface phenotype and rapid quantification of blood dendritic cell subsets in the rhesus macaque

Background The study of dendritic cell (DC) biology in the rhesus macaque is becoming increasingly important but is limited by incomplete characterization and the lack of a rapid assay to quantify cells. Methods We characterized the surface phenotype of myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) subsets in healthy rhesus macaque blood and developed a flow cytometry-based assay for absolute DC determinations. Results Rhesus CD11c+ mDC were CD16+ CD11b+ CD56lo CD8− CD1c− whereas CD123+ pDC lacked expression of these markers. Precise DC determinations were performed using a rapid two-step assay combining the analysis of whole blood and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Conclusions Antibodies to CD11b, CD56 and CD16 must be omitted from the lineage antibody cocktail to prevent inadvertent gating-out of DC when analyzing rhesus blood. The combined whole-blood/PBL quantification assay will be invaluable for the rapid and repeated monitoring of blood DC counts in this species.
503 ns, tunable optical delay of 40 Gb/s RZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK using additional λ-conversion for increased delay and reduced residual dispersion

We demonstrate a tunable optical delay element using wavelength conversion in a highly nonlinear fiber, dispersion compensating fiber, and optical phase conjugation. A continuous delay of up to 503-ns, for RZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK at 40-Gb/s, is demonstrated utilizing an improved method for doubling the relative delay and minimal residual dispersion.
An improved technique for accurate heat capacity measurements on powdered samples using a commercial relaxation calorimeter

Abstract We have modified our earlier technique for accurate PPMS heat capacity measurements on powdered samples by means of applying Wakefield grease or small copper strips in the sample preparation instead of using Apiezon N high-vacuum grease. For the Wakefield grease measurements, we put a small amount of Wakefield thermal compound in a copper cup instead of potting with Apiezon N, and the accuracy of measurements on powdered benzoic acid was determined to be ±1% and ±4% in the temperature ranges of 10 K T T T = 220 K. To overcome the known shortcomings of using Apiezon N grease above 220 K, we have replaced the Apiezon N grease with small copper strips in the sample preparation to aid thermal conductivity, which results in a less time-intensive two-step technique for the PPMS heat capacity measurement but with an accuracy, based on measurements of benzoic acid, that is ±1% from T = (10 to 300) K and, more importantly, the elimination of the “grease problem”. As an additional test of the new technique, the heat capacity of powdered bulk rutile has been measured twice within the temperature range from (2 to 300) K using the PPMS, and its standard entropy at T = 298.15 K was calculated to be (50.39 ± 0.50) and (50.31 ± 0.50) J · K −1 · mol −1 , which deviates 0.08% and −0.08% from the measurement results of our low-temperature adiabatic and semi-adiabatic calorimeters, respectively. We recommend that this technique become the standard for accurate heat capacity measurements on insulating powdered samples using a PPMS system and the corresponding thermodynamic calculations.
IRF4 Promotes Cutaneous Dendritic Cell Migration to Lymph Nodes during Homeostasis and Inflammation

Migration of resident dendritic cells (DC) from the skin to local lymph nodes (LN) triggers T cell-mediated immune responses during cutaneous infection, autoimmune disease, and vaccination. In this study, we investigated whether the development and migration of skin-resident DC were regulated by IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a transcription factor that is required for the development of CD11b+ splenic DC. We found that the skin of naive IRF4−/− mice contained normal numbers of epidermal Langerhans cells (eLC) and increased numbers of CD11b+ and CD103+ dermal DC (dDC) populations, indicating that tissue DC development and skin residency is not disrupted by IRF4 deficiency. In contrast, numbers of migratory eLC and CD11b+ dDC were significantly reduced in the cutaneous LN of IRF4−/− mice, suggesting a defect in constitutive migration from the dermis during homeostasis. Upon induction of skin inflammation, CD11b+ dDC in IRF4−/− mice did not express the chemokine receptor CCR7 and failed to migrate to cutaneous LN, whereas the migration of eLC was only mildly impaired. Thus, although dispensable for their development, IRF4 is crucial for the CCR7-mediated migration of CD11b+ dDC, a predominant population in murine and human skin that plays a vital role in normal and pathogenic cutaneous immunity.
Tapping the Memory in Archaeological Materials

In the areas of archaeology, archaeometry, museum management and conservation science conflict often exists between the desire to preserve, and the desire to understand an artifact. This conflict exists because much laboratory analysis can be destructive. However, conservation can best be done when the materials and techniques that were used for making the object originally are understood. Thus there is a constant drive to develop non-destructive and/or microsample analysis procedures that are meaningful in terms of the statistical accuracy of the results and the added understanding that they provide. In addition to the availability of new microanalytical techniques, the scientific approach developed in materials science is of great value to the fields of archaeometry and conservation science. The ‘materials science approach’ involves the determination of structure and chemistry at various levels in the microstructural hierarchy, and includes the relationship between this structure and chemistry and the material’s properties. On the other hand, the study of archaeological materials can be of great value to the materials scientist because these objects exist in a time frame not reproduceable in typical laboratory experiments.
Decreased syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction in autoimmune susceptible mice.

The syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (SMLR) is a proliferative response mediated by murine splenic thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes after stimulation by syngeneic non-T cells. Several murine strains genetically susceptible to autoimmune diseases have decreased SMLR compared with normal strains. This diminished SMLR occurs before the onset of clinical disease and is most pronounced in those autoimmune mice that express a severe form of the disease. For example, in NZB/NZW F1 hybrid (B/W) mice, the SMLR is lower at 7 than at 2 months of age. The SMLR is lower in BXSB males, which develop more accelerated autoimmune disease, than in BXSB females. The defect in these autoimmune strains resides within the responding Lyt 1+, 2, 3− T-cell population. These results suggest the presence of a common T-cell defect in several murine strains that spontaneously develop autoimmunity.
Modeling of the impregnation process during resin transfer molding

A model has developed for simulating isothermal mold filling during resin transfer molding (RTM) of polymeric composites. The model takes into account the anisotropic nature of the fibrous reinforcement and change in viscosity of the polymer resin as a result of chemical reaction. The flow of impregnating resin through the fibrous network is described in terms of Darcy's law. The differential equations in the model are solved numerically using the finite element technique. The Galerkin finite element method is used for obtaining the pressure distribution. A characteristics based method is used to solve the non-linear hyperbolic mass balance equation. The finite element formulation facilitates computations involving the motion of the polymer resin front characterized by a free surface flow phenomenon.
Evaluating state capacity to collect and analyze emergency medical services data.

Background. Centralized emergency medical services (EMS) data collection is critical to evaluating EMS system effectiveness, yet a general lack of EMS data persists at local, state, andnational levels. Objective. To assess state capacity to collect, analyze, andutilize EMS data. Methods. Information was gathered through state site visits andsurveys from 54 states andU.S. territories in spring 2003 regarding EMS data-collection systems. Survey results were used to create 11 broad indicators that assess state data system infrastructure, collection methods, compliance with data standards, anddata uses. Results. States andterritories on average met 59% of the EMS data system indicators, with four states meeting all 11 indicators andtwo states meeting none. Seventy-six percent of the states reported having state-level EMS data-collection systems, and78% reported having authority to collect EMS data. However, most state EMS data sets were not capturing information on all EMS incidents, andonly 46% of the states...
Noise-robust F0 estimation using SNR-weighted summary correlograms from multi-band comb filters

A noise-robust, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-weighted correlogrambased pitch estimation algorithm (PEA) in which a bank of comb filters operates in each of the low, mid, and high frequency bands is proposed. Correlograms are obtained by applying autocorrelations directly on the low-freq filterbank (FBK) output, and the output envelopes of all 3 FBKs. An SNR-weighting scheme is used for channel selection to yield a summary correlogram for each FBK. These summary correlograms are averaged to obtain an overall summary correlogram, which is time-smoothed before peak extraction is performed. The final pitch contour is obtained via dynamic programming. The proposed PEA is evaluated on the Keele corpus with additive white or babble noises. In comparison with widely-used PEAs, the proposed PEA has the lowest overall gross pitch error (GPE), especially in low SNR cases.
Villitis of unknown etiology: noninfectious chronic villitis in the placenta

Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) is an important pattern of placental injury occurring predominantly in term placentas. Although overlapping with infectious villitis, its clinical and histologic characteristics are distinct. It is a common lesion, affecting 5% to 15% of all placentas. When low-grade lesions affecting less than 10 villi per focus are excluded, VUE is an important cause of intrauterine growth restriction and recurrent reproductive loss. Involvement of large fetal vessels in the placenta (obliterative fetal vasculopathy) in cases of VUE is a strong risk factor for neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. Although the etiology of the eliciting antigen is unknown, many other characteristics of the immune response have been clarified. VUE is caused by maternal T lymphocytes, predominantly CD8-positive, that inappropriately gain access to the villous stroma. Fetal antigen-presenting cells (Hofbauer cells) expand and are induced to express class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. Maternal monocyte-macrophages in the perivillous space likely amplify the immune response. Although much speculation exists that VUE represents a host-versus-graft reaction analogous to transplant rejection, other eliciting antigens have not been excluded. Irrespective of target antigen or antigens, the pathophysiologic implications of having activated maternal lymphocytes within vascularized fetal tissues are not trivial.
Techniques and directions for building very large agent teams

We have developed probabilistic algorithms that leverage the associates network for distributed plan instantiation, role allocation, information sharing and adjustable autonomy with a team. By developing such new algorithms, we have been able to build teams of hundreds of cooperating agents, and test specific behaviors among tens of thousands of agents. In this paper, we describe the algorithms that we have developed, the tests that we subjected them to, and sketch some of the key challenges that remain to be addressed.
ZPL's WYSIWYG performance model

ZPL is a parallel array language designed for high performance scientific and engineering computations. Unlike other parallel languages, ZPL is founded on a machine model (the CTA) that accurately abstracts contemporary MIMD parallel computers. This makes it possible to correlate ZPL programs with machine behavior. As a result, programmers can reason about how code will perform on a typical parallel machine and thereby make informed decisions between alternative programming solutions. The paper describes ZPL's performance model and its syntactic cues for conveying operation cost. The what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG) nature of ZPL operations is demonstrated on the IBM SP-2, Intel Paragon, SGI Power Challenge, and Cray T3E. Additionally, the model is used to evaluate two algorithms for matrix multiplication. Experiments show that the performance model correctly predicts the faster solution on all four platforms for a range of problem sizes.
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair: are we approaching total endovascular solutions for thoracic aortic disease?

Summary Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become an attractive alternative treatment option for thoracic aortic disease. New devices and advanced image-guided procedures are continuously expanding the indications. This article focuses on currently available endovascular solutions for thoracic aortic disease and future ‘all endovascular’ directions of TEVAR. Currently available endovascular solutions, such as hybrid operations, chimney stent grafting and transapical stent graft deployment, for ascending aortic pathologies are presented. Additionally, the impact of upcoming new technologies, such as endovascular treatment of Stanford Type A dissections of the ascending aorta, is elaborated. With improving device technology, diverse available stent grafts and imaging modalities, TEVAR has become safer and holds promising potential to expand treatment options, especially for the ascending aorta and the aortic arch.
A new transceiver design for multi-band UWB system

Pulse position modulation (PPM) and rake receivers are usually used in single-band ultra-wideband (SB-UWB) systems. For multi-band ultra-wideband (MB-UWB) systems, we propose a new transceiver design based on spectral keying (SK) modulation. We develop a blockwise multipath channel model represented by a finite impulse response (FIR) filter bank for MB-UWB systems. At the transmitter end, an SK-modulated information symbol is sent through a sequence of P sub-symbol pulses that have distinct frequencies. At the receiver end, a minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver bank followed by a simple mapping-based decision block is used to detect the received signals. Our scheme can increase the data rate by reducing the guard time between sub-symbol pulses aggressively and improve the system performance by blocking the coefficients of the channel impulse response (CIR) into vectors, while keeping the frequency diversity gain resulting from MB-UWB. Computer simulations illustrate the transceiver design and its effectiveness.
Liver mercury and methylmercury concentrations in New England common loons (Gavia immer)

Liver samples collected from common loons found dead were analyzed for mercury and methylmercury concentrations. Statistical analyses demonstrated no correlation between total mercury and methylmercury levels.
Aurora A Regulates the Activity of HURP by Controlling the Accessibility of Its Microtubule-binding Domain

HURP is a spindle-associated protein that mediates Ran-GTP-dependent assembly of the bipolar spindle and promotes chromosome congression and interkinetochore tension during mitosis. We report here a biochemical mechanism of HURP regulation by Aurora A, a key mitotic kinase that controls the assembly and function of the spindle. We found that HURP binds to microtubules through its N-terminal domain that hyperstabilizes spindle microtubules. Ectopic expression of this domain generates defects in spindle morphology and function that reduce the level of tension across sister kinetochores and activate the spindle checkpoint. Interestingly, the microtubule binding activity of this N-terminal domain is regulated by the C-terminal region of HURP: in its hypophosphorylated state, C-terminal HURP associates with the microtubule-binding domain, abrogating its affinity for microtubules. However, when the C-terminal domain is phosphorylated by Aurora A, it no longer binds to N-terminal HURP, thereby releasing the inhibition on its microtubule binding and stabilizing activity. In fact, ectopic expression of this C-terminal domain depletes endogenous HURP from the mitotic spindle in HeLa cells in trans, suggesting the physiological importance for this mode of regulation. We concluded that phosphorylation of HURP by Aurora A provides a regulatory mechanism for the control of spindle assembly and function.
Lena Angevine Warner: Pioneer Public Health Nurse

Lena Angevine Warner was a remarkable early southern nurse who, as a result of her Army experience with the Walter Reed Commission yellow fever experiments in Cuba, directed her life work to disease prevention and public health. This biographic sketch traces her long and productive career from 1889 until her retirement in 1946, and illustrates her significant contributions to public health nursing in the mid-South.
Probing Oscillatory Visual Dynamics at The Perceptual Level

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Theoretical Basis of Study Methods Results Discussion Future Trends Acknowledgments References
Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital specimens by the Microtrak direct specimen test.

The conventional cell culture method for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis requires two to six days and is technically difficult to perform. The authors evaluated a new, relatively simple, non-culture method (MicroTrak™, Syva Co., Palo Alto, CA) that requires less than one hour to complete. Two hundred fifty-one cervical and 209 male urethral specimens from three Richmond health clinics were read by direct immunofluorescence staining and compared with cell culture technics using iodine staining. Patient specimens were applied directly onto microscope slides (8 mm well) and stained with a fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody. Slides were examined for 10-15 minutes at ×1,000 using an AO epifluorescent microscope and were considered positive if five or more typical elementary bodies were seen. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the direct smear were 89%, 97%, 85%, and 98% for males, and 93%, 96%, 85%, and 98% for females, respectively. The rapid direct specimen test appears to be a satisfactory method for detecting chlamydia in male and female genital specimens.
AN OBJECT ORIENTED APPROACH FOR CONCEPTUAL DESIGN EXPLORATION OF UAV-BASED SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS

The exploration of a integrated system of UAVs involves the concurrent design of systems (e.g. vehicles), networks, and operational plan. The complexity of the resulting design space even at the conceptual level can easily become unmanageable and finding preferred regions of the combined design space that are not simply a sub-optimal collection of individually optimized entities is a difficult task. Abstraction of the system, therefore, is required and achieved by using an object oriented approach for modelling the integrated system. Implementing this approach enhances the ability to efficiently search the combined system-of-systems design space. This approach is tested on a UAV-based package delivery architecture, examining tradeoffs between vehicle performance and the network topology for the economic viability of a notional service provider. The object oriented implementation is found to provide superior modeling flexibility compared to previous approaches.
Survival of Naked Mole-Rats Marked by Implantable Transponders and Toe-Clipping

We compared survival of free-living naked mole-rats, Heterocephalus glaber , marked by toe-clipping and implantable transponder chips. Although survival was marginally higher for toe-clipped animals than for those with transponder chips in five of six colonies, no significant differences were found between the two marking techniques. Comparison of the costs and benefits of the two marking techniques suggests that toe-clipping is preferable for marking small fossorial mammals in remote areas.
Applications of yeast surface display for protein engineering

The method of displaying recombinant proteins on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae via genetic fusion to an abundant cell wall protein, a technology known as yeast surface display, or simply, yeast display, has become a valuable protein engineering tool for a broad spectrum of biotechnology and biomedical applications. This review focuses on the use of yeast display for engineering protein affinity, stability, and enzymatic activity. Strategies and examples for each protein engineering goal are discussed. Additional applications of yeast display are also briefly presented, including protein epitope mapping, identification of protein-protein interactions, and uses of displayed proteins in industry and medicine.
Seasonality affects leaf nutrient and condensed tannin concentration in southern African savannah browse

Trees that maintain some leaves throughout dry seasons become important ruminant browse depending on nutritive and antinutritive values. Leaves from seven tree species that maintained some leaves during the dry season were collected during dry and wet seasons and analysed for nutritive and antinutritive values. Neutral detergent fibre of leaves was either not different or less (P ≤ 0.05) during the dry season as compared to the wet season depending on species. Acid detergent fibre was either not different or greater (P ≤ 0.05) during the dry season as compared to the wet season. Crude protein and condensed tannins (CT) were either not different or less (P ≤ 0.05) during the dry season than during the wet season for the seven species. The biological activity (protein-binding ability; PB) of the CT was highly species specific and was either not different between seasons, more bioactive during the wet season, or more bioactive during the dry season depending on the species. Based on combinations of low fibre, high protein and potentially beneficial levels of bioactive CT, Senegalia caffra, Vachellia karoo and Searsia lancea may be the most promising dry-season browse of the species studied.
The individual as "melting pot": The flexibility of bicultural self-construals

Les nouvelles approches du biculturalisme ont transforme la vision « melting pot » de la culture americaine. Plutot que d'assimiler la culture dominante, les immigrants sont encourages a maintenir leur diversite multiculturelle. En effet, avoir deux cultures est maintenant considere comme une aptitude a adopter des comportements culturellement appropries a la fois dans des cadres culturels anciens et nouveaux (e.g., LaFramboise, Coleman & Gerton, 1993). Les recherches recentes en cognition sociale, en montrant la nature changeante a la fois du soi (e.g., Gardner, Gabriel & Lee, 1999) et des constructions culturelles (e.g., Hong, Morris, Chiu & Benet-Martinez, 2000), ont pu mettre en evidence les mecanismes sous-tendant cette forme plus dynamique de biculturalisme. La presente recherche demontre la flexibilite biculturelle en manipulant l'accessibilite de conceptions de soi independantes ou interdependantes pour en etudier les effets sur les conceptions de soi, les valeurs et les reponses a des obligations sociales de participants issus soit d'une culture unique (des Euro-Americains), soit de deux cultures (des Asia-Americains). Comme attendu, les Asia-Americains apparaissent plus sensibles aux amorces induites que leurs pairs Euro-Americains.
The Usefulness of Isolated Renal Cortical Cells to Study Phosphate Transport

Much of the work on the metabolic support of transport in the kidney has utilized renal homogenates, renal slices and isolated renal tubules. However, these are not ideal systems because of their limited luminal access for transport and/or their anaerobic nature. Isolated perfused kidney and microperfused tubular segments have also been used for this purpose and do not have the above disadvantages. A useful additional tool is the use of isolated renal cells in suspension, in which access to luminal transporters and diffusion of oxygen would not be limiting.
INTERNET RESOURCES: Culinary resources: Cookery and culinary history Web sites

L'article recense toutes sortes de ressources internet - des sites generalistes et specialises aux groupes de discussion - sur l'art de la cuisine, son histoire, les techniques culinaires et des recettes.
Zusammenfassung zentraler Ergebnisse

Die in den vorausgegangen Kapiteln dargelegten Befunde haben eine Vielzahl an Ergebnissen geliefert. Diese sollen an diesem Punkt der Arbeit konsolidiert und zueinander in Verbindung gebracht werden.
Oral Immunotherapy, Sublingual Immunotherapy, or Epicutaneous Immunotherapy: Which Is the Right Solution?

The current standard of care treatment for food allergy relies on avoidance. However, as outlined in this review, over the past decade, the literature has grown significantly showing promising results for interventional therapies for IgE-mediated food allergies utilizing oral immunotherapy (OIT), sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT). Within the near future, we expect to have multiple FDA-approved products on the market for treatment of life-threatening food allergies and will have options to present to our patients. As we move into this next phase of our practice, we will need to consider meaningful endpoints for our patients (e.g., likelihood of inducing desensitization versus sustained unresponsiveness, the relevance of various threshold changes induced by therapy, effects on quality of life, etc.). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the currently published literature and will prepare the practicing allergist for a thoughtful discussion with their patients and colleagues on the most recent developments in the field.
Languaging, Metalanguaging, Linguistics, and Love

This special issue of Language Sciences has been put together for two main reasons. The first of these is our collective desire—shared by the contributors, the journal's editor-in-chief and board, and myself—to honor Nigel Love on his retirement from 17 years as editor of this journal and 34 years as a member of the Department of Linguistics at the University of Cape Town. The second reason is to reflect upon one of several influential topics with which our honoree has seeded the discourses of language theory, the cognitive sciences, and linguistics: the distinction between what he has called “first-order language” and “second-order language”.
Bimanual coordination patterns are stabilized under monitoring-pressure

The influence of monitoring-pressure on the performance of anti-phase and in-phase bimanual coordination was examined. The two bimanual patterns were produced under no-monitoring and monitoring-pressure conditions at self-paced frequencies. Anti-phase coordination was always less stable than in-phase coordination, with or without monitoring. When performed under monitoring-pressure, the coordination patterns were performed with less variability in relative phase for both patterns across a range of self-paced movement frequencies compared to performance without monitoring. Thus, while monitoring-pressure did induce a behavioral change, it consisted of performance stabilization rather than degradation, a finding inconsistent with explicit-monitoring theory. However, the findings are consistent with the theory of coordination dynamics and studies that have revealed increased stability for the system’s intrinsic dynamics as a result of attentional focus and intentional control.
Theogony as Ethnogony: Race and Religion in Friedrich Schelling’s Philosophy of Mythology

The later philosophy of Friedrich Schelling (1775–1854) has rarely been discussed in the scholarship on nineteenth-century racial thought. Yet the category of “race” played a key role in his “Lectures on the Philosophy of Mythology,” particularly in those sections that linked the genealogy of the gods (theogony) to the origins of the human peoples or nations (ethnogeny). Building on the mythography of Friedrich Creuzer and the racial thinking of Immanuel Kant and Henrik Steffens, Schelling developed a world-historical vision that he intended as an alternative to that found in the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel. This chapter reconstructs the role of race in Schellng’s late philosophy of mythology, locating it within early nineteenth-century debates on ancient mythology and its relationship to Judaism and Christianity, as well as his own efforts to fathom the nature of human (and divine) freedom. At the same time, it shows that Schelling was aware of (and sought to highlight) the contemporary resonance of his racial ideas, particularly as they related to debates over European imperialism, slavery and genocide.
Lowering the Human Throne: European Literature to 1900

This chapter analyzes works, mostly European, that are set in ruins or otherwise employ ruins as the backdrop for thinking on the relative brevity of human life, especially within the context of the nonhuman natural world. Lord Byron is one of the central figures in this chapter, namely Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Manfred, and other works, many of which balance ruminations on the brevity of life with personal struggles. Byron’s friend Percy Shelley is another important figure here (e.g., Queen Mab and Prometheus Unbound). Other figures I discuss include Joachim du Bellay, Edmund Spenser, John Dyer, Mary Shelley (The Last Man), Madame de Stael (Corrine), Chateaubriand (The Genius of Christianity), Goethe, Wordsworth, Clare, and Tennyson. I conclude the chapter with a brief overview of responses to anthropocentrism by some French Symbolists.
Effects of leaf prostration on microclimate and ecophysiology of the evergreen fern, Polystichum acrostichoides

Abstract Fronds of the evergreen fern Polystichum acrostichoides are elevated off the ground during summer, but lie flat against the soil in winter, where they remain prostrate until senescence the following spring. Here we evaluate the physiological consequences of forcing fronds into a position counter to their natural seasonal angles. During the summer, one frond from each of ten plants was forced flat, while during winter, experimental fronds were elevated off the ground. Monthly photosynthetic gas exchange and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) were measured for upright versus flat leaves during both seasons. Diurnal leaf temperatures and microclimate of sample plants were also monitored using thermocouples and micrometeorological sensors. Forced flattening during summer reduced Fv/Fm, but did not have significant impacts on photosynthetic gas exchange in understory light conditions. Flat leaves were slightly (∼1 °C) cooler than upright leaves in shade, but exhibited dramatic warming (up to 14 °C above air temperature) during sunflecks and sunpatches. However, during summer when the canopy was intact, such events were rare. During winter the consequences of altered leaf angle were more severe. Upright leaves exhibited reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration, and Fv/Fm compared to naturally-flat fronds. Because vapor pressure deficit below flattened fronds was generally much lower than that of ambient air, and P. acrostichoides’ stomata are abaxially-located, we suspect that flattened fronds benefited from reduced leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit, allowing for enhanced stomatal conductance and photosynthesis during winter. Furthermore, the warming experienced by flat leaves under high light conditions also likely enhanced photosynthesis on cold days, bringing frond temperatures closer to those optimal for photosynthesis. We conclude that winter leaf prostrations are beneficial to P. acrostichoides for trapping water vapor beneath the abaxial surface, and promoting elevated leaf temperatures during high light events.
Structure–Activity Relationships of the S-Linked Glycocin Sublancin

Sublancin is a 37-amino acid antimicrobial peptide belonging to the glycocin family of natural products. It contains two helices that are held together by two disulfide bonds as well as an unusual S-glucosidic linkage to a Cys in a loop connecting the helices. We report the reconstitution of the biosynthetic pathway to this natural product in Escherichia coli. This technology enabled the evaluation of the structure–activity relationships of the solvent-exposed residues in the helices. The biosynthetic machinery proved tolerant of changes in both helices, and the bioactivity studies of the resulting mutants show that two residues in helix B are important for bioactivity, Asn31 and Arg33.
A divergent pseudoglandular configuration of cutaneous plasmacytoma in dogs

Cutaneous and mucocutaneous plasmacytoma (PCT) is a common neoplasm of dogs. Tumors can be single or multiple and occur predominantly in the oral cavity, lip, ears, digits, and trunk. Although these tumors typically offer no diagnostic challenge for the pathologist, subsets of PCTs with atypical morphologic configurations may make differentiation from other neoplasms difficult. We describe 6 cases of canine cutaneous and mucocutaneous PCT with pseudoglandular arrangement of neoplastic cells. The mean age of affected dogs was 11.3 y, and multiple breeds and sites were affected. Histologically, neoplastic cells were arranged in sheets, packets, and pseudoglandular structures containing central accumulations of blood or eosinophilic material admixed with neoplastic cells and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Given the presence of pseudoglandular structures resembling neoplastic acini, epithelial neoplasia was occasionally included in the differential diagnosis. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for multiple myeloma oncogene 1 ( MUM-1) and immunonegative for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3. Canine cutaneous and mucocutaneous PCTs with pseudoglandular morphology may resemble epithelial neoplasia and raise questions about tumor histogenesis.
Robotic Ureteral Reconstruction Using Buccal Mucosa Grafts: A Multi-institutional Experience.

Abstract Background Minimally invasive treatment of long, multifocal ureteral strictures or failed pyeloplasty is challenging. Robot-assisted buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty (RBU) is a technique for ureteral reconstruction that avoids the morbidity of bowel interposition or autotransplantation. Objective To evaluate outcomes for RBU in a multi-institutional cohort of patients treated for revision ureteropelvic junction obstruction and long or multifocal ureteral stricture at three tertiary referral centers. Design, setting, and participants This retrospective study involved data for 19 patients treated with RBU at three high-volume centers between October 2013 and July 2016. Surgical procedure RBU was performed using either an onlay graft after incising the stricture or an augmented anastomotic repair in which the ureter was transected and re-anastomosed primarily on one side, and a graft was placed on the other side. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables and outcomes were assessed. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results and limitations The onlay technique was used for 79%, while repair was carried out using the augmented anastomotic technique for the remaining cases. The reconstruction was reinforced with omentum in 95% of cases. The ureteral stricture location was proximal in 74% and mid in 26% of cases. A prior failed ureteral reconstruction was present in 53% of patients. The median stricture length was 4.0cm (range 2.0–8.0), operative time was 200min (range 136–397), estimated blood loss was 95ml (range 25–420), and length of stay was 2 d (range 1–15). There were no intraoperative complications. At median follow-up of 26 mo, the overall success rate was 90%. Conclusions RBU is a feasible and effective technique for managing complex proximal and mid ureteral strictures. Patient summary We studied robotic surgery for long ureteral strictures using grafts at three referral centers. Our results demonstrate that robotic buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty is a feasible and effective technique for ureteral reconstruction.
Wound Healing Disorders: Chronic Wounds and Keloids

The normal wound healing response can be divided into (1) inflammatory, (2) proliferative, and (3) tissue remodeling (i.e., fibroplasia and maturation) phases that involve complex interactions between various cutaneous-derived and inflammatory cells, cytokines, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) [1–6]. Numerous studies continue to uncover the genetic, epigenetic (i.e., microRNA), cellular (including stem cells), molecular, and biochemical mechanisms underlying this process [1–9]. An in-depth review of normal wound healing principles is beyond the scope of this chapter. However, it is important to point out that a tightly regulated balance between ECM production and degradation is required for normal scar formation. Any disturbances in these opposing processes can lead to wound healing disorders, such as chronic nonhealing ulcers (i.e., ↓ production and ↑ degradation of ECM) or keloids (↑ production and ↓ degradation of ECM) [1–9]. It is envisioned that efforts to improve our current understanding of the mechanisms and pathways that underpin the pathobiology of these disorders may also lead to the development of predictive and/or diagnostic molecular tests that are clinically useful in the management of patients with these conditions, as well as to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. In this regard, gene and stem-cell therapy is emerging as a promising approach to cutaneous wound treatment [5,8]
A comparative sequence analysis of career paths among knowledge workers in a multinational bank

This study examined two metrics for measuring the distance between sequences (Euclid and OMSpell) and creating distance matrices combined with two types of clustering methods (AGNES and PAM) to analyze the career path clusters of knowledge workers. A regression tree of covariates and career path clusters was used to predict advancement rates. The results indicated that the metric which focused on subsequences (OMSpell) worked best for both clustering methods. Less time as a knowledge worker was associated with greater advancement. Implications for boundaryless careers and social capital formation are discussed.
Journalism’s institutional discourses in the pre-Internet era: Industry threats and persistent nostalgia at the American Society of Newspaper Editors:

The institutional discourses of US journalism display both an ever-present sense of crisis and a persistent nostalgia for a mythic golden age when the news was better made and better respected by the public. This article examines discussions hosted by the American Society of Newspaper Editors between 1986 and 2000, what we call ‘the pre-Internet era’, as a site of discursive constitution and relative stability in the news industry. As various actors inside the news industry utilize both nostalgia and crisis as common representational strategies, these discourses circulate and propagate a sense-making regime that is both precise and flexible in its deployment, and thus, helps journalism cohere as a field. Specific discussions around the First Amendment, journalistic identities, and business issues all provide fertile ground for challenging and reaffirming journalism’s binding values, and reveal larger structures of power around who has the authority to both describe threats to journalism and prescribe poss...
Conduite à contre-courant. Les pratiques de mobilité dans le Gard : facteur de vulnérabilité aux crues rapides

Les crues rapides sont a l'origine des catastrophes naturelles presentant le plus fort taux de mortalite du fait de leur rapidite d'occurrence et de leur extreme violence. Surprenant les populations dans leurs activites quotidiennes, elles frappent en particulier les personnes en deplacement pendant la crise, si bien que les automobilistes representent jusqu'a la moitie des deces. Les recherches hydro-meteorologiques ont permis d'augmenter les echeances de prevision et de diminuer en partie les incertitudes associees, alors qu'en matiere de vulnerabilite sociale beaucoup reste a faire. Les experts appellent a une approche comprehensive integrant sciences sociales et naturelles pour s'interesser aux reponses des populations. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit cette recherche sur la vulnerabilite des pratiques de mobilite lors de crues rapides. Deux sources d'inadaptation de ces pratiques sont envisagees : d'une part la reticence a sortir d'un mode de fonctionnement « quotidien » au profit d'un fonctionnement « de crise » ; d'autre part l'inadequation des representations spatio-temporelles individuelles du phenomene de crues rapides. Utilisant l'enquete par questionnaires ou la cartographie mentale aupres d'un total de 1 428 residents et touristes en visite dans le Gard, nous avons montre que les pratiques de mobilite a risque sont le resultat de la combinaison de trois facteurs : l'exposition spatio-temporelle, les representations du risque sur la route ainsi que les contraintes familiales et professionnelles quotidiennes des residents. Sur la base de ce diagnostic de vulnerabilite, des pistes d'actions preventives ciblees sont ensuite proposees.
Effects of geometry and composition of soft polymer films embedded with nanoparticles on rates for optothermal heat dissipation

Embedding soft matter with nanoparticles (NPs) can provide electromagnetic tunability at sub-micron scales for a growing number of applications in healthcare, sustainable energy, and chemical processing. However, the use of NP-embedded soft material in temperature-sensitive applications has been constrained by difficulties in validating the prediction of rates for energy dissipation from thermally insulating to conducting behavior. This work improved the embedment of monodisperse NPs to stably decrease the inter-NP spacings in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to nano-scale distances. Lumped-parameter and finite element analyses were refined to apportion the effects of the structure and composition of the NP-embedded soft polymer on the rates for conductive, convective, and radiative heat dissipation. These advances allowed for the rational selection of PDMS size and NP composition to optimize measured rates of internal (conductive) and external (convective and radiative) heat dissipation. Stably reducing the distance between monodisperse NPs to nano-scale intervals increased the overall heat dissipation rate by up to 29%. Refined fabrication of NP-embedded polymer enabled the tunability of the dynamic thermal response (the ratio of internal to external dissipation rate) by a factor of 3.1 to achieve a value of 0.091, the largest reported to date. Heat dissipation rates simulated a priori were consistent with 130 μm resolution thermal images across 2- to 15-fold changes in the geometry and composition of NP-PDMS. The Nusselt number was observed to increase with the fourth root of the Rayleigh number across thermally insulative and conductive regimes, further validating the approach. These developments support the model-informed design of soft media embedded with nano-scale-spaced NPs to optimize the heat dissipation rates for evolving temperature-sensitive diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, as well as emerging uses in flexible bioelectronics, cell and tissue culture, and solar-thermal heating.
Beyond Perceptions: A School–Community Partnership Focusing on Homelessness

The PurposeThe Beyond Perceptions collaborative visual art project provided opportunities for high school students to engage with homeless individuals through partnerships with people and organizat...
HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ENDOGENOUS NOREPINEPHRINE (NE) RELEASED FROM CANINE SAPHENOUS VEINS

This paper describes a method for the direct measurement of endogenous NE in extracts of veins, and in superfusate collected during release of NE evoked by electrical stimulation. The essence of the method is to utilize a procedure to concentrate the perfusate in order to isolate the NE, and to couple this with the extreme sensitivity of a high performance liquid chromatrographic system with electrochemical detection.
Pyramidal Distribution: An Alternative Distribution for Bivariate Uniformity Test Power Comparison

The purpose of the multi-dimensional uniformity test is to check whether the underlying probability distribution, from which a random sample is drawn, differs from the multi-dimensional uniform dis...