cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advanced fiber optic parametric synthesis and characterization

Fiber parametric mixer devices posses the highest figure of merit in any technology, allowing for superior performance with respect to gain, noise and conversion efficiency in both incoherent and coherent applications. Fiber mixers also rely on distributed, rather than lumped nonlinear interaction and require a precise, long-scale phase matching. We discuss recent advances in mapping of mixer dispersive fluctuations and corresponding means for mixer response synthesis.
Sleep, alcohol and alcohol abuse

Use and abuse of alcohol is extremely common in many countries. Sometimes alcohol may be used to self-treat insomnia. However, alcohol consumption for any reason will affect an individual's sleep quality. The effects of alcohol use and abuse on sleep are complex and interactive. Anyone who consumes alcohol is likely to observe them, although the particular pattern and severity of the sleep impairment will differ with both the amount and duration of alcohol consumption. The fact that alcohol is a sedative and can induce rapid onset of sleep may contribute to its use, while the resultant disturbance of night-time sleep quality and of respiration may possibly result in post-consumptive daytime impairment. The persistent sleep disturbance that accompanies both acute and chronic alcohol abstinence syndromes may contribute to the continued craving and urge to resume drinking seen among chronic alcoholics. This review broadly examines the interaction of alcohol consumption and sleep disturbance. Beginning with a brief overview of normal sleep it examines the effects of modest acute alcohol consumption on sleep, sleepiness, night-time respiration and cognitive function; examines the sleep patterns of chronic alcoholics both while drinking and during acute and chronic alcohol withdrawal; reviews what is known of the relationship between alcohol use and night-time respiratory dysfunction; and concludes with some reflections on the implications of this information for drinking practices.
In the defence against hyperglycamiea: an avian strategy

Birds live longer than mammals of comparable sizes, contrary to what their metabolic rates, plasma gulcose concentrations and body tempratures, all of which are higher than mammalian norms, would suggest. Although these factors should predispose them to accelerated tissue degeneration, this has been shown not to happen. In this paper the possible mechanism whereby birds limit the accelerated tissue damage that should be associated with the above characteristics are explored. Specifically, this review will focus on the relationship in chickens between the raised concentrations of plasma glucose and the lack of associated tissue complications. We propose that the role of uric acid in birds should be re-examined. Until now uric acid has been considered to be little more than an excretory by-product where its role as an antioxidant can be directly linked to the resistance of birds to glucose-mediated tissue damage. It is suggested that, compared with mammals, the lower rate of generation of reactive oxygen species in birds in association with their stronger antioxidant-defence system contributes to their longevity.
Parallel algorithms for synthesis of whole-hand grasps

This paper describes a parallel, dynamic programming algorithm for computing the space of high quality, whole-hand grasps of a target object that match a given grasp prototype, or example grasp. The grasp prototype is used to define a quality measure that allows the contacts of a grasp to be optimized independently. Link configurations that achieve high quality contacts are identified and chained together to form good hand configurations. This algorithm results in a six-dimensional projection of the global solution space. Grasps synthesized using this technique were tested using the Salisbury hand. An example grasp is shown.
Sleep deprivation decreases glycogen in the cerebellum but not in the cortex of young rats

We tested whether brain glycogen reserves were depleted by sleep deprivation (SD) in Long-Evans rats 20–59 days old. Animals were sleep deprived beginning at lights on and then immediately killed by microwave irradiation. Glycogen and glucose levels were measured by a fluorescence enzymatic assay. In all age groups, SD reduced cerebellar glycogen levels by an average of 26% after 6 h of SD. No changes were observed in the cortex after 6 h of SD, but in the oldest animals, 12 h of SD increased cortical glycogen levels. There was a developmental increase in basal glycogen levels in both the cortex and cerebellum that peaked at 34 days and declined thereafter. Robust differences in cortical and cerebellar glycogen levels in response to enforced waking may reflect regional differences in energy utilization and regulation during wakefulness. These results show that brain glycogen reserves are sensitive to SD.
On the reliability of wireless fingerprinting using clock skews

Determining whether a client station should trust an access point is a known problem in wireless security. Traditional approaches to solving this problem resort to cryptography. But cryptographic exchange protocols are complex and therefore induce potential vulnerabilities in themselves. We show that measurement of clock skews of access points in an 802.11 network can be useful in this regard, since it provides fingerprints of the devices. Such fingerprints can be used to establish the first point of trust for client stations wishing to connect to an access point. Fingerprinting can also be used in the detection of fake access points.We demonstrate deficiencies of previously studied methods that measure clock skews in 802.11 networks by means of an attack that spoofs clock skews. We then provide means to overcome those deficiencies, thereby improving the reliability of fingerprinting. Finally, we show how to perform the clock-skew arithmetic that enables network providers to publish clock skews of their access points for use by clients.
Empowering Women Through Computer-Mediated Class Participation:

A voluntary e-mail communication project and a survey of students' perceptions of the project were conducted among students in an introductory social work course. The students reported positive effects on learning and on their relationships with peers and the instructor. No significant difference between the rates of e-mail postings by the male and female students were found. However, there was a qualitative difference in the male and female-generated responses, which suggests that methods need to be devised to enhance the empowerment potential of computer-mediated interaction.
Follow-Up Care Experiences and Perceived Quality of Care Among Long-Term Survivors of Breast, Prostate, Colorectal, and Gynecologic Cancers

Post-treatment follow-up represents a crucial aspect of quality cancer care; however, data are lacking regard- ing follow-up care experiences, perception of provider involve- ment in care, and perceived quality of care from diverse samples of long-term survivors diagnosed as adults. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed in 2005 to 2006 to breast, prostate, colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer survivors (4 to 14 years after diagnosis), sampled from California SEER cancer registries. Results: Most survivors (n 1,490) reported recent follow-up care (68.7%), generally from oncology specialists only (47.4%) or shared between oncology and primary care providers (PCPs; 27.6%). Most survivors reported follow-up care advice (79.9%); fewer reported late-effects advice or receipt of a treatment sum- mary (41.7% and 19.9%, respectively). Survivors who identified a PCP as their main follow-up care physician were as likely as those identifying an oncology specialist to rate their care as high quality (odds ratio (OR), 2.56; 95% CI, 0.98 to 6.74); however, survivors who could not identify a main follow-up care provider were less likely to report high-quality care (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.50). Compared with follow-up care by an oncology specialist only, care by a PCP only was associated with a lower quality-of-care rating (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.91), but there was no significant difference in quality rating by survivors when care was shared by an oncology specialist and PCP compared with an oncology specialist only. Conclusion: Long-term survivors commonly report follow-up care years after their diagnosis; however, many patients' fol- low-up lacks important components. Care is more likely to be rated as high quality when one main provider is identified and an oncology specialist is involved.
Interactive outlier exploration in big data streams

We demonstrate our VSOutlier system for supporting interactive exploration of outliers in big data streams. VSOutlier not only supports a rich variety of outlier types supported by innovative and efficient outlier detection strategies, but also provides a rich set of interactive interfaces to explore outliers in real time. Using the stock transactions dataset from the US stock market and the moving objects dataset from MITRE, we demonstrate that the VSOutlier system enables analysts to more efficiently identify, understand, and respond to phenomena of interest in near real-time even when applied to high volume streams.
Receptance-Based Active Aeroelastic Control with Embedded Control Surfaces Having Actuator Dynamics

To implement active aeroelastic control, control surfaces on a given wing configuration are moved using actuators having their own dynamic characteristics. The inclusion of actuator dynamics leads to the coupling of aeroelastic and actuator modes, and may result in instability in the closed-loop coupled aeroservoelastic system. During the design phase, various types of actuators may be considered, and hence, the stability and performance of the coupled system needs to be evaluated. In this research, a simultaneous control for aeroelastic and actuator poles is developed, which allows for the desired pole placement in a coupled aeroservoelastic system. This enables flutter boundary extension and suppression of flutter instabilities. The design of the controller is based on the method of receptances and requires the transfer functions associated with the aeroelastic structure and the actuators. This approach also allows the partial control of some selected aeroelastic modes without influencing the actuator m...
Computed tomography assessment for transcatheter mitral valve interventions

Multidetector cardiac computerized tomography (CT) is a robust advanced imaging modality with high spatial resolution that has emerged as an essential tool for the planning of structural heart and electrophysiology interventions. The most notable example has been its important role in the pre-procedural planning of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), which has developed to the point that commercial software packages are commonly used for this application. More recently several novel approaches and devices have been developed for transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Given the greater complexity of mitral valve anatomy, CT has at least an equally important role for preprocedural planning of TMVR. Similar to TAVR assessment, its utility in TMVR is multi-fold, including assessment of valve and adjacent anatomical structures, determination of accurate annulus dimensions for prosthesis sizing, vascular access planning, and prediction of fluoroscopic angles.
Study on the diversity and its clinical significance of HCV gene F region

Objective To explore the relationship between the HCV F region quasispecies and the clinical significance. Methods HCV quasispecies from 78 un-treated patients were detected by the single-strand conformation polymorphism( SSCP) analysis. The HCV RNA was quantitatively analysed by the real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The antibody of HCV F protein and Th1( IL-12,IFN-γ) or Th2( IL-5,IL-10) cytokines were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The positive rate of anti-F antibody in chronic HCV patients was 59% and the number of SSCP bands of patients with HCV 1b subtype was significantly higher than that of patients with non-HCV 1b subtype( P = 0. 002). Moreover,the number of quasispecies was associated with the loads of HCV RNA or levels of serum ALT/AST in chronic patients( all P 0. 05). In addition,the levels of Th1( IL-12,IFN-γ) cytokines secreted in the patients with the number of F quasispecies 2 were lower than those of patients with F quasispecies ≤2( P = 0. 023; P = 0. 010),and the Th2( IL-5,IL-10) cytokines in the patients with the number of F quasispecies 2 were higher than those with F quasispecies≤2( P = 0. 024; P = 0. 012). Conclusions The number of HCV F region quasispecies correlates with the viral replication,liver damage and Th2 dominant response.
Elastomeric Polymer Multilayer Thin Film with Sustainable Gas Barrier at High Strain

Most gas barrier thin films suffer from cracking or plastic deformation when stretched, leading to significant loss of barrier. In an effort to make a stretchable gas barrier, which maintains low permeability when exposed to cyclic strain, we prepared layer-by-layer assemblies of tannic acid (TA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). A 40-bilayer (344 nm-thick) TA/PEO assembly maintained its oxygen transmission rate (6X lower than the 1.6 mm-thick rubber substrate) after being stretched 100%. This submicron coating maintains a barrier 4X lower than the thick rubber substrate even after being strained 20X at 100%. These highly elastomeric assemblies are potentially useful for light-weighting inflatable devices.
The Clash of Civilizations Revisited: An Historical Institutionalist Approach

What difference does difference make? It has now been over a quarter century since Samuel Huntington published his provocative article (and later book) "The Clash of Civilizations". Over the past two and half decades Huntington's critics have systematically critiqued the argument on numerous theoretical and empirical grounds. This article seeks to revisit "The Clash of Civilizations" debate and argues that while Huntington's critics were largely correct they missed the opportunity provided by Huntington to engage the immensely important question of "what difference does difference make". This article seeks to argue that Huntington was right that "civilizations" defined in institutional terms "matter" (although not quite in the ways that Huntington had argued). Furthermore, defined in institutional terms, civilizations do in fact have explanatory value when it comes to conflict and violence. This article uses Latin Christendom from the year 1000 to roughly the French Revolution and its relationship to outsiders (Pagans and Muslims) to argue the following: 1) that there are in fact civilizations; 2) these civilizations should be understood in institutional terms; 3) that the patterns of conflict internally and externally to these civilizations are observably different; 4) that a typology of conflict can be usefully derived from this empirical observation; 5) that the question of "what difference does difference make" deserves serious reexamination both empirically and theoretically.
User and Content Characteristics of Public Tweets Referencing Little Cigars.

OBJECTIVES Compared to cigarettes, little cigars and cigarillos (LCC) are minimally regulated, affordable, and widely available to young people. Because Twitter is a preferred mode of communication among younger people, product portrayals may be useful for informing both interventions and public health or tobacco policy. METHODS A mixed-methods study was implemented to analyze the content of public tweets (N = 288) and profile photos sampled from a search of 2 LCC brands (Black & Mild and Swisher Sweets). Metadata and manifest attributes of profile photo demographic features and tweet message features were coded and analyzed. Thematic analysis of the tweets was conducted using an iterative immersion/ crystallization method. RESULTS Tweeters were most often boys or men (63%) and appeared young (76%). Prevalent content themes included expressing affiliation for the LCC product and reporting smoking activity. Although men and women tweeted affiliation for LCC products and reported smoking activity in similar numbers, women were significantly less likely to tweet about blunting than men. CONCLUSIONS Twitter provides a potentially potent source of nuanced information about how young people are using little cigars. These observed characteristics may be useful to inform counter-messaging strategies and interventions.
Roberts v. City of Boston (1849)

Historically, African Americans have understood the importance of public school education to the individual and collective elevation of their people. During the antebellum era, they shared the growing belief, especially widespread in “enlightened” northern communities such as Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City, in government’s responsibility to maintain public schools open to the children of all citizens. Particularly within communities such as Boston, the evolving American success ethic, which blacks shaped and imbibed, stressed a common (public) school education as a key to solid citizenship as well as socioeconomic mobility. The following early petition from a group of black Bostonians to the Massachusetts legislature on behalf of a common school education for their children based its claims on the dual assumptions of citizenship and morality. Why do you think they argued their case on these grounds? What is your assessment of the substance and tone of the petition? Why do you think this effort failed?
DESIGN FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF LARGE DAIRY HERDS1

Few dairies have been adequately to meet changing times. Layouts of the 1960's seldom can be efficiently remodeled to meet today's needs. Society's expectations and environmental demands of the 1970's may tend to ineffectuate today's systems. Continuing expansion should be planned for. Most designers plan around a system that starts with cows, adds feed, and produces milk. Maybe they look in the wrong direction for needed results. Manure is the most voluminous product of a dairy; milk the most profitable. What will be their disposition? How many production units (cows) will these outlets allow for? How will these units be operated and managed? What will be the form and availability of raw products, Of nonmaterial inputs? And of management? Products of a large should be the criteria of design for a constrained area. The cow management system that will produce these products can be described, a space allocation made, structures and facilities determined. Finally, the inputs to keep the system functional are...
Effects of aging upon the host response to implants

Macrophage polarization during the host response is now a well-accepted predictor of outcomes following material implantation. Immunosenescence, dysregulation of macrophage function, and delayed resolution of immune responses in aged individuals have all been demonstrated, suggesting that host responses to materials in aged individuals should differ from those in younger individuals. However, few studies examining the effects of aging upon the host response have been performed. The present work sought to elucidate the impacts of aging upon the host response to polypropylene mesh implanted into 8-week-old and 18-month-old mice. The results showed that there are significant differences in macrophage surface marker expression, migration, and polarization during the early host macrophage response and delayed resolution of the host response in 18-month-old versus 8-week-old mice. These differences could not be attributed to cell-intrinsic defects alone, suggesting that the host macrophage response to implants is likely also dictated to a significant degree by the local tissue microenvironment. These results raise important questions about the design and testing of materials and devices often intended to treat aged individuals and suggest that an improved understanding of patient- and context-dependent macrophage responses has the potential to improve outcomes in aged individuals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1281-1292, 2017.
Differential Privacy in Linear Distributed Control Systems: Entropy Minimizing Mechanisms and Performance Tradeoffs

In distributed control systems with shared resources, participating agents can improve the overall performance of the system by sharing data about their personal preferences. In this paper, we formulate and study a natural tradeoff arising in these problems between the privacy of the agent's data and the performance of the control system. We formalize privacy in terms of differential privacy of agents’ preference vectors. The overall control system consists of $N$ agents with linear discrete-time coupled dynamics, each controlled to track its preference vector. Performance of the system is measured by the mean squared tracking error. We present a mechanism that achieves differential privacy by adding Laplace noise to the shared information in a way that depends on the sensitivity of the control system to the private data. We show that for stable systems the performance cost of using this type of privacy preserving mechanism grows as $O(T^3/N \varepsilon ^2)$ , where $T$ is the time horizon and $\varepsilon$ is the privacy parameter. For unstable systems, the cost grows exponentially with time. From an estimation point of view, we establish a lower-bound for the entropy of any unbiased estimator of the private data from any noise-adding mechanism that gives $\varepsilon$ -differential privacy. We show that the mechanism achieving this lower-bound is a randomized mechanism that also uses Laplace noise.
Adult Tibial Shaft Fractures

Adult tibial shaft fracture (Fig. 48.1) workup includes evaluation of open vs. closed injury, neurovascular compromise, intra-articular vs. extra-articular, stability after reduction, associated injuries, and displaced vs. non-displaced.
Crystalline Properties of Solids

This chapter gives a brief introduction to crystallography, which is the science that studies the structure and properties of the crystalline state of matter. We will first discuss the arrangements of atoms in various solids, distinguishing between single crystals and other forms of solids. We will then describe the properties that result from the periodicity in crystal lattices. A few important crystallography terms most often found in solid state devices will be defined and illustrated in crystals having basic structures. These definitions will then allow us to refer to certain planes and directions within a lattice of arbitrary structure.
The Role of Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer in the Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Settings

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Although surgery remains the only curative treatment, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are frequently used. In the adjuvant setting, radiation is usually delivered with chemotherapy to eradicate residual microscopic or macroscopic disease in the resection bed. Neoadjuvant radiation therapy has become more frequently utilized. This article reviews the historical and modern literature regarding radiation therapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, focusing on the evolution of radiation therapy techniques and clinical trials in an attempt to identify patients best suited to receiving radiation therapy.
Manufacturing of surface features from extrusion forging and extrusion rolling of sheet metals

Abstract Engineered surfaces are commonly designed to achieve certain desirable functionalities. Manufacturing of engineered surfaces often requires innovative techniques. In this paper, a sheet metal surface with pin fin features is proposed for potential thermal or fluid flow management applications. Experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to demonstrate that extrusion-forging process can be used to create such micro scale surface features. Preliminary results from simulations also show that it is feasible to use extrusion-rolling process to manufacture pin fin features to increase productivity and reduce cost. The work suggests that extrusion-rolling technique has good potential for large scale manufacturing of various innovative surfaces features.
Hemicolpus Heller, 1895 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae): A Reconsideration and Description of New Species from Mexico and Central America

Hemicolpus randiae Hespenheide, new species, and H. prenai Hespenheide, new species, are described from Mexico taken from fruits of Randia sp. (Rubiaceae). Hemicolpus costaricensis Hespenheide, new species, is described from Costa Rica. The type of Hemicolpus cubicus (Lacordaire) has not been located, but Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache is described, a syntype is illustrated, and additional distribution records are given.
Fun with Singing Wine Glasses.

A fun activity is presented using singing wine glasses for introductory physics students. Students tune a white wine glass and a red wine glass to as many semitones as possible by filling the glasses with the appropriate amounts of water. A smart phone app is used to measure the frequencies of equal-temperament tones. Then plots of frequency against water volume percent are made using a spreadsheet. Students can also play combinations of pitches with several glasses. A video (Ruiz 2018 Video: Singing glasses http://mjtruiz.com/ped/wineglasses/) is provided which includes an excerpt of a beautiful piece written for singing glasses and choir: Stars by Latvian composer Ēriks Esenvalds.
The Poincaré–Bendixson theorem for a class of delay equations with state-dependent delay and monotonic feedback

Abstract We consider the real-valued differential equation x ′ ( t ) = f ( x ( t ) , x ( t − d ( x t ) ) ) with state-dependent delay, where f is strictly monotonic in its second argument. We describe a class of such equations for which a version of the Poincare–Bendixson theorem holds.
μ Suite: A Benchmark Suite for Microservices

Modern On-Line Data Intensive (OLDI) applications have evolved from monolithic systems to instead comprise numerous, distributed microservices interacting via Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs). Microservices face single-digit millisecond RPC latency goals (implying sub-ms medians)—much tighter than their monolithic ancestors that must meet $\ge 100$ ms latency targets. Sub-ms-scale OS/network overheads that were once insignificant for such monoliths can now come to dominate in the sub-ms-scale microservice regime. It is therefore vital to characterize the influence of OS- and network-based effects on microservices. Unfortunately, widely-used academic data center benchmark suites are unsuitable to aid this characterization as they (1) use monolithic rather than microservice architectures, and (2) largely have request service times $\ge 100$ ms. In this paper, we investigate how OS and network overheads impact microservice median and tail latency by developing a complete suite of microservices called $ \mu$ Suite that we use to facilitate our study. $ \mu$ Suite comprises four OLDI services composed of microservices: image similarity search, protocol routing for key-value stores, set algebra on posting lists for document search, and recommender systems. Our characterization reveals that the relationship between optimal OS/network parameters and service load is complex. Our primary finding is that non-optimal OS scheduler decisions can degrade microservice tail latency by up to $\tilde 87$%.
Vectorial Energy Transfer: Direct Measurement of an Intermediate Transfer Step

The search for artificial antennae and light harvesters focuses on hyperbranched macromolecules. Several architectures have been synthesized with chromophores covalently attached to a dendritic backbone, or as part of the denritic backbone itself. In a few cases, vectorial energy transfer is proposed to occur through a funneling process created by chromophores with an energy mismatch and weakly coupled excited states. Evidence of the existence of energy funnel is steady state measurements providing only indirect support for the presence of the cascade. This chapter presents the direct experimental measurement of energy migration through an intermediate state in a funnel-type dendritic structure. The focus is on phenylethynylene (PE) dendrimers. The PE units are combined through ortho, meta, and para substitution, leading to architectures with varying conjugation lengths, which creates an energy gradient.
Soda industry influence on obesity science and policy in China

Soda industry efforts to manipulate obesity science and policy in the US are well documented, yet little is known about whether the industry has pursued similar efforts abroad. In-depth research in China-analyses of interviews with prominent Chinese obesity experts, and of trends in obesity-related activities documented in newsletters of China's lead organization on obesity, a branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a US-based, corporate-funded, global nonprofit strongly influenced by the Coca-Cola Company-showed that from 1999 to 2015, China's obesity science and policy shifted markedly toward physical activity as Coca-Cola's influence in China increased. This shift aligned with Coca-Cola's message that it is activity, not diet, that matters-a claim few public health scholars accept. These changes correlated with the growing importance of Coca-Cola's funding, ideas, and affiliated researchers via ILSI-China. In putting its massive resources behind only one side of the science, and with no other parties sufficiently resourced to champion more balanced solutions that included regulation of the food industry, the company, working through ILSI, re-directed China's chronic disease science, potentially compromising the public's health.
Distinctive properties of cosmic-ray positron and electron fluxes measured by AMS on ISS

Abstract The precise AMS data reveals distinctive properties of cosmic-ray positron and electron fluxes. The positron spectrum hardens starting from ∼ 20 GeV. Most importantly, the positron spectrum exhibits a sharp drop-off at ∼ 300 GeV, showing the existence of an energy cutoff at highest energy. The electron spectrum is distinctly different from the positron spectrum in both the magnitude and energy dependence. The electron spectrum hardens from ∼ 30 GeV. Remarkably, the electron spectrum is well described by a single power law from 55 GeV to 1 TeV and does not have an energy cutoff. These experimental data show that, at high energies, the cosmic-ray positrons predominately originate either from dark matter annihilation or from a new astrophysical source, whereas the cosmic-ray electrons originate from different sources.
Nitric Oxide and S-Nitrosylation in Cancers: Emphasis on Breast Cancer:

Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, endogenously produced, water-soluble signaling molecule playing critical roles in physiological processes. Nitric oxide plays pleiotropic roles in cancer and, depending on its local concentration, may lead to either tumor progression or tumor suppression. Addition of NO group to a cysteine residue within a protein, termed as S-nitrosylation, plays diverse regulatory roles and affects processes such as metabolism, apoptosis, protein phosphorylation, and regulation of transcription factors. The process of S-nitrosylation has been associated with development of different cancers, including breast cancer. The present review discusses different mechanisms through which NO acts, with special emphasis on breast cancers, and provides detailed insights into reactive nitrogen species, posttranslational modifications of proteins mediated by NO, dual nature of NO in cancers, and the implications of S-nitrosylation in cancers. Our review will generate interest in exploring molecular regulation by NO in different cancers and will have significant therapeutic implications in the management and treatment of breast cancer.
Effect of the microstructure on the mechanical properties of a directionally solidified Y3Al5O12/Al2O3 eutectic fiber

The strength and fracture behaviors of a directionally solidified Y3Al5O12/Al2O3 eutectic fiber were investigated. The fiber was grown continuously by an edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) technique. The microstructure was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The room temperature tensile strength and Weibull's modulus of the eutectic fiber before and after heat treatment at 1460°C were measured. The fracture toughness and crack propagation behaviors were investigated using an indentation technique. Significant coarsening of the lamellar microstructure was observed after heat treatment at 1460°C in air. The degradation of the room temperature tensile strength in the Y3Al5O12/Al2O3 eutectic fiber after heat treatment was attributed to the development of surface grooves at the surface of the fiber. Also, the Y3Al5O12/Al2O3 eutectic fiber showed a radial (Palmqvist) crack type and exhibited an anisotropic crack propagation behavior during the indentation tests.
P-037 Development of a proteomic biomarker signature for identifying intracranial aneurysms

Introduction Intracranial aneurysms occur in approximately 1–2% of the general population and are the leading cause for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recent studies have shown the utility of using multiplex immunoassays in biomarker discovery for a variety of diseases. Although a number of biomarkers have been identified to be related to intracranial aneurysms, a proteomic signature has not been defined to predict the presence of an intracranial aneurysm. In this study, we utilized proteomic data from patients with known intracranial aneurysms and healthy controls to identify a proteomic signature in the serum to predict the presence of an aneurysm. Methods Fifty-six patients were prospectively enrolled in this study, 28 of which with unruptured intracranial aneurysms and 28 sex, age, and comorbidity matched healthy controls. Serum was collected from each patient. Protein expression levels were determined using the Proseek multiplex immunoassay (http://www.olink.com/), which included 92 known inflammatory markers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed and systematically assessed using statistical and biological inferences to identify phenotypic and proteomic variables that significantly predicted presence of an aneurysm. Results Of the 28 patients with intracranial aneurysms, 82.1% (n=23) were female, 46.4% (n=13) were never smokers, 35.7% (n=10) were former smokers, and 17.9% (n=5) were current smokers. Healthy controls were matched on a 1:1 basis, with age ± 5 years. In the patient cohort the mean aneurysm size was 8.9 mm with the most common location being anterior communicating artery (35.7%, n=10). Upon univariate analysis, increased expression of 10 analytes were found to be independent predictors of the presence of an intracranial aneurysm. At the univariate level, IL17 (OR=12.01; 95% CI 4.16 – 53.17; p Conclusion This study leveraged individualized data from patients with intracranial aneurysms to determine which proteomic variables predict the presence of an intracranial aneurysm while controlling for essential clinical covariates. Larger multi-omic studies are warranted to develop a more comprehensive biomarker signature for intracranial aneurysms. Disclosures D. Nistal: None. M. Martini: None. T. Hardigan: None. R. Song: None. J. Mocco: 1; C; Penumbra Inc.. 2; C; Cerebrotech, Rebound Therapeutics, TSP Inc, Lazarus Effect, Medina, Pulse Vascular. C. Kellner: 1; C; Siemens, Penumbra, Bee Foundation.
Interesting bifurcations in walking droplet dynamics

Abstract We identify two types of (compound) dynamical bifurcations generated primarily by interactions of an invariant attracting submanifold with stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic fixed points. These bifurcation types - inspired by recent investigations of mathematical models for walking droplet (pilot-wave) phenomena - are introduced and illustrated. Some of the one-parameter bifurcation types are analyzed in detail and extended from the plane to higher-dimensional spaces. A few applications to walking droplet dynamics are analyzed.
FastPG: Fast clustering of millions of single cells

Current single-cell experiments can produce datasets with millions of cells. Unsupervised clustering can be used to identify cell populations in single-cell analysis but often leads to interminable computation time at this scale. This problem has previously been mitigated by subsampling cells, which greatly reduces accuracy. We built on the graph-based algorithm PhenoGraph and developed FastPG which has the same cell assignment accuracy but is on average 27x faster in our tests. FastPG also outperforms two other fast clustering methods, FlowSOM and PARC.
Multi‐level movement response of invasive wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) to removal

BACKGROUND Lethal removal of invasive species, such as wild pigs (Sus scrofa), is often the most efficient approach for reducing their negative impacts. Wild pigs are one of the most widespread and destructive invasive mammals in the USA. Lethal management techniques are a key approach for wild pigs and can alter wild pig spatial behavior, but it is unclear how wild pigs respond to the most common removal technique, trapping. We investigated the spatial behavior of wild pigs following intensive removal of conspecifics via trapping at three sites within the Savannah River Site, SC, USA. We evaluated changes in wild pig densities, estimated temporal shifts in home-range properties, and evaluated fine-scale movement responses of wild pigs to removal. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in the density of wild pigs in one site following removal via trapping while a qualitative reduction was observed in another site. We found little evidence of shifts in pig home-ranging behavior following removal. However, we did observe a nuanced response in movement behavior of wild pigs to the removal at the scale of the GPS locations (4 h), including increased movement speed and reduced selection for vegetation rich areas. CONCLUSION Our work provides a better understanding of the impact of removal via trapping on wild pig movement and its implications for management. The lack of shift in home-range characteristics observed illustrates how targeted trapping could be used to provide temporary relief for species sensitive to wild pig consumption such as ground nesting birds or agricultural crops.
Endoscopic Distal Triceps Repair

Endoscopic distal triceps tendon repair is a reliable and reproducible technique to address both degenerative and traumatic triceps tendon injuries. The most preferred technique for repairing a distal triceps tendon tear is through an open posterior approach and may be associated with wound healing problems and increased surgical site morbidity. Using an all-arthroscopic technique does give the treating surgeon the ability to fully assess the injury, debride the damage tissue, and anatomically repair the distal triceps tendon to its normal attachment footprint on the olecranon. Endoscopic repair allows for less wound complications, better cosmesis, and shortened postoperative recovery. Concomitant elbow pathology and injuries can be identified and addressed during the arthroscopic procedure. Patients should be braced to prevent full flexion initially during the postoperative period and gradual pain-free motion is increased until full range of motion is obtained. Gradual strengthening should be initiated by 4 weeks postoperatively in the brace and progressively out of the brace 6–8 weeks. Early results of the endoscopic distal triceps tendon repair are promising.
RETENTION OF VIRUSES DURING SLUDGE APPLICATION TO SOILS

Abstract A study was undertaken on the transport of viruses during sludge application to a Red Bay sandy loam sampled at the West Florida Agricultural Experiment Station at Jay, Florida. Laboratory packed soil columns and undisturbed soil cores were employed. The results showed that the soil under study retained poliovirus type 1 in excess of 99% following sludge applications. The mechanisms involved in the retention of viruses in sludge-soil systems are discussed.
The relaxed control phenomenon.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the variety of possible mechanisms for the relaxed control phenomenon, without expressing the prejudices toward any of them. It reviews that a single genetic locus in control of RNA synthesis as the “RC” locus and considered its effectiveness to be “relaxed” in all derivatives of the original mutant regardless of the amino acid deficiency imposed. While all species of RNA accumulated in RC mutants, excess DNA synthesis seemed to be relatively minor during an absolute amino acid starvation. It discusses the concept of relaxed control to the synthesis of DNA as well. Since a significant synthesis of this macromolecule is observed only when a gradual depletion of the amino acid supply occurs, it is our view that its magnitude reflects the adequacy of the amino acid starvation rather than a genetically controlled relaxation. Synthesis of DNA to the completion of its replication cycle in amino acid-starved strains that exhibit stringent control over RNA synthesis is also discussed. New insights and new skills are needed in this field and the solicitation of these is the goal of this chapter. It is hoped that amino acid auxotrophs of mammalian cells have become a reality, the question of the possible existence of a similar control phenomenon for RNA synthesis in mammalian cells may also be open to exploration.
Dimension of the global attractor for damped nonlinear wave equations

An estimate on the Hausdorff dimension of the global attractor for damped nonlinear wave equations, in two cases of nonlinear damping and linear damping, with Dirichlet boundary condition is obtained. The gained Hausdorff dimension is bounded and is independent of the concrete form of nonlinear damping term. In the case of linear damping, the gained Hausdorff dimension remains small for large damping, which conforms to the physical intuition.
Oxygenation studies in congenital pulmonary stenosis: An application of recording oximetry in the evaluation of cardiorespiratory function☆

1. 1. The recording oximeter has been used to measure changes in arterial oxygen saturation in ten cases of tetralogy of Fallot. Detailed studies of two cases are presented. 2. 2. The observations have shown immediate increase in arterial oxygen saturation and decrease in the saturation time after establishment of a systemic-pulmonary arterial shunt. 3. 3. The significance of alterations in the saturation time has been discussed and a possible explanation presented. 4. 4. The recording oximeter provides instantaneous information concerning arterial oxygen saturation during the course of surgical procedures involving the great vessels, and can provide the surgeon and anesthetist with valuable guides as to the condition of the patient during anesthesia.
Strategies for encapsulating biomolecules in sol-gel matrices

Abstract The encapsulation of biological molecules in sol–gel matrices has received considerable attention because of the prospect of creating novel materials which exhibit the characteristic chemical and biochemical functionalities of enzymes and other proteins. This paper explores the nature of the interactions between a sol–gel derived silica matrix and the electron transfer protein, cytochrome c. These interactions were found to be of central importance in determining the synthesis conditions for these materials, in creating the pores which confine the protein and in stabilizing the protein so that it retains its structure and chemical function.
Removable appliances: A suggested planning board for 1964

Summary Removable appliances elevate orthodontics to a modern science and orthodontists to a higher level of education, skill, and respect. The orthodontist, working with two dental assistants and a laboratory man, can handle three times as many patients as is now considered a well-conducted practice. He can do all of this in ten months of the year, as rest periods are important for both the patient and the orthodontist. With removable appliances there should be no decalcification or gingival irritation, and the teeth do not hurt. As the appliances are not unsightly and dirty, children are proud of them and treat them as carefully as they would a piece of jewelry. Removable appliances have opened up an entirely new field of adult orthodontics. Well-fitting appliances are comfortable and are worn all the time; therefore, they are not lost. Proof of this is the fact that they may be insured at a $100.00 replacement value on each appliance for $5.00 a year or $12.50 for three years. I have several hundred in use, both for active treatment and for retention, and only two patients lost one of their appliances this past year. The Andresen activator is our answer to mixed dentition cases and satisfies the anxious mother that something good is being done. With removable appliances, I am able to see the limits of physiologic tooth movement; therefore, I am getting just as beautiful results as in my thirty years of banding teeth. I have hundreds of color slides to substantiate this claim. Our patients are our friends. The parents hail the advent of removable appliances and I, the orthodontist, daily thank my Maker and Dr. Crozat for my renewed enthusiasm and for the pleasure that I get out of my work. On your next trip from Sweden to the United States I would like to prove my claims, so I am inviting you to fly to the West Coast and spend a few days or a week or two in my office.
Publishing Student Work on the Web: The Living❂Music Project and the Imperatives of the New Literacy

To be effective in enhancing learning in the music history classroom, technology must be applied judiciously toward specific goals. The Web presents opportunities to broaden and deepen the impact of traditional research assignments, primarily through online publication, which increases motivation and brings a host of thorny issues of representation and quality to bear upon student work. One such assignment is an oral history project the author has developed titled Living ❂ Music in which students interview an informant involved with the music world (a concept akin to Howard Becker’s notion of “Art World”) and present their findings through the Living ❂ Music website. In completing this work, students have the opportunity to grow on several levels: as historical researchers, as writers, as editors, and most importantly as readers and users of historical research. As a guided experience in original research and publication, Living ❂ Music teaches students traditional skills in musicology, shares the joys of discovery and publication, and offers insights into the way the Web has augmented and shifted the character and values of publication itself.
Long-term depression with a flash.

The site of expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been hotly debated. A new study demonstrates that postsynaptic neurons alone can express long-term depression.
Thymic lymphocytes in obese (ob-ob) mice. A mirror of the insulin receptor defect in liver and fat.

Abstract In the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse, a well characterized model of insulin resistance, the number of insulin receptors on thymic lymphocytes is decreased as has been previously noted with liver cells and with liver and fat cell membranes from these animals. Furthermore, insulin stimulates the transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid less effectively in thymocytes from the obese mice than in cells from thin animals, suggesting that a reduction in receptors per cell is associated with a decrease in cell responsiveness to insulin. Thus it appears that the insulin receptors in lymphocytes respond in vivo to the same metabolic influences as do receptors in liver and fat and are therefore suitable for the study of the physiology of the insulin receptors.
Social activism in Southeast Asia, edited by Michele Ford

Around the edges of even the most controlling regimes in Southeast Asia can be found often-beleaguered pockets of activism, their content and form always in flux amidst changing international norms...