cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Confluence in 1936: Post and Turing

In 1936, Post and Turing independently proposed two models of computation that are virtually identical. Turing refers back to these models in his (The word problem in semi-groups with cancellation. Ann. Math. 52, 491–505) and calls them “the logical computing machines introduced by Post and the author”. The virtual identity is not to be viewed as a surprising coincidence, but rather as a natural consequence of the way in which Post and Turing conceived of the steps in mechanical procedures on finite strings. To support our view of the underlying conceptual confluence, we discuss the two 1936 papers, but explore also Post’s work in the 1920s and Turing’s paper (Solvable and unsolvable problems. Sci. News 31, 7–23). In addition, we consider their overlapping mathematical work on the word-problem for semigroups (with cancellation) in Post’s (Recursive unsolvability of a problem of Thue. J. Symb. Log. 12, 1–11) and Turing’s (The word problem in semi-groups with cancellation. Ann. Math. 52, 491–505). We argue that the unity of their approach is of deep significance for the theory of computability.
Direct displacement based seismic design for timber flexible diaphragms in masonry shear wall buildings

Abstract A method for analyzing the seismic performance of timber flexible diaphragms based on the direct displacement based seismic design (DDBD) principles has been developed. The method utilizes knowledge of timber diaphragm seismic behavior, such as natural period calculation, force–displacement and ductility–damping relationships, developed previously by the authors. Accuracy of the method is illustrated through analysis of four prototype buildings and comparison to recorded data and numerical results. All four prototype buildings have timber diaphragms in conjunction with either reinforced or unreinforced masonry shear walls. Excellent agreement is found between the results from the proposed DDBD approach, and those from both the recorded data and finite element analysis. The proposed method provides a rational and consistent design methodology for flexible diaphragm buildings, which is lacking in ASCE-7.
Urinary Casts After Stress

The urine from 40 normal healthy adults was studied before and after they were subjected to a moderate stress, that of running one mile in eight minutes or less. Special emphasis was placed on changes observed in the urinary sediment. In 95% of subjects, pronounced cylindruria occurred after the run. The casts excreted were predominantly hyaline in type, but granular casts were also frequently seen. No cellular casts were noted in any subject. The casts were studied using various light microscopic techniques, and also with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. In addition to the cylindruria, proteinuria occurred in 83% of subjects within one hour after stress. In some instances the levels of protein in the urine were detected as high as 2+ to 3+ using “dipstick” methodology. (Quantitation of these values showed ranges as high as 135 mg/dl.) These protein levels decreased gradually; at 24 hours after the run, no subject had detectable “dipstick” proteinuria.
The Uptake of Nutrients. Digestion

The uptake of nutrients is certainly one of the principal activities that occurs at the host-parasite interface. All of the parasite’s nutrients are taken from the host. The modes of uptake basically do not differ from those used by free-living organisms. Metazoan parasites with an alimentary canal ingest food into this with subsequent digestion and absorption by cells of the gut. Ectoparasites, such as the bloodsucking arthropods, are restricted to this type of food ingestion. Endoparasitic metazoa with a gut may in addition take up some nutrients through their external body surface. This is the sole means of uptake for parasites, like tapeworms, that lack an alimentary tract, and for all of the protozoa. Ingestion at the body surface may occur by transport of solutes across the membrane or by endocytosis, either of solid particles (phagocytosis) or of liquids (pinocytosis).
Sommelet—Hauser (ammonium ylide) rearrangement

Rearrangement of benzylic quaternary ammonium salts upon treatment with alkali metal amides.
Eminence of VSD I in the Voltage-Dependent Inactivation of the Human CaV1.2 Channel

In response to prolonged membrane depolarizations, the L-type calcium channel (CaV1.2) enters a non-conducting inactivated state that diminishes Ca2+ influx. Specifically, CaV1.2 channels undergo two types of inactivation: voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI) and a Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin-mediated inactivation (CDI). What is the structural basis for the voltage dependence of VDI? We hypothesize that at least one of the four CaV1.2 homologous but non-identical voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) should drive or regulate VDI. Using the Voltage-Clamp Fluorometry technique, we optically tracked the movement of the individual VSDs in conducting human CaV1.2 channels (α1C/α2δ-1) expressed in Xenopus oocytes under conditions that show a different extent of VDI (300ms depolarizations to 10 mV, using Ba2+ as the charge carrier to prevent CDI): β3 co-expression, VDI∼35%; β2a co-expression, VDI∼15%; Timothy-Syndrome-causing mutation G406R with β3, VDI∼8%. We found that, in all channels, upon repolarization to −90mV, VSD I deactivated with a bi-exponential decay (τ1∼1ms, τ2∼35ms). Channels with attenuated VDI (Timothy-Syndrome-causing mutation and β2a co-expression) exhibited mostly fast VSD I deactivation (Amp2∼6% and 12%, respectively), while a more pronounced VDI (β3 co-expression) correlated with an increase in the fraction of VSD I returning slowly to their resting state (Amp2∼55%). This feature is reminiscent of “charge immobilization”, whereby the inactivation of voltage-gated channels slows down VSD deactivation and produces an apparent reduction of the off gating charge. Our data support the view that VSD I undergoes “immobilization” following CaV1.2 inactivation. On the other hand, VSDs III and IV kinetics were not affected by the time-course of VDI. In conclusion, our findings reveal a strong correlation between the degree of inactivation and VSD I kinetics, suggesting the involvement of VSD I in setting the rate of VDI.
Blocking the Expression of CD33 Enhances Chemotaxis of Activated T Lymphocytes Generated from AML Patients.

Autologous T lymphocytes can be employed for immune therapy of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In an earlier study (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant2002; 8:557), we found that AML cells can be used as antigen presenting cells to activate and expand T cells in culture with IL-2 and monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD3. In this study, we found that a substantial proportion of the expanded T cells expressed CD33 (34 ± 16%; range: 8 – 58%; N=11) and CD13 (26 ± 5%; range: 22 – 33%), but not CD14. It is unlikely that the myeloid markers were absorbed onto the activated T cells, since the same expression pattern was observed in cultures with purified T cells from normal donors. A literature review disclosed two reports that also observed co-expression of CD33 on activated T cells from both AML patients and normal controls (Schmidt-Wolf et al, Br J Haematol.1995; 90:512; Nakamura et al, letter in Blood, 1994; 83:1442). We measured the functional capacity of the activated T cells in a 4-hr Cr-51 release assay. Pre-incubation of the T cells with anti-CD33 mAb and/or anti-CD13 mAb did not change the cytotoxicity against AML cells. Also, killing of AML cells was not affected by the depletion of CD33 + or CD13 + activated T cells using magnetic beads. The activated T cells migrated in a chemotactic response to a peptide analog (CTCE-0214) of Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) when measured in a trans-well assay. When activated T cells were pre-incubated with anti-CD33 mAb, enhanced chemotaxis was observed in response to CTCE-0214 (39.9 ± 0.5% vs 26.9 ± 0.3%, p + T cells in the presence of a chemotactic molecule. Further study of the biological significance of CD33 expression on activated T cells in AML and other diseases is warranted.
Preparation of ceramic (insulating) films for specific applications

Ceramic films (such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and Si 3 N 4 have various applications because of their hardness, high-temperature integrity, and chemical inertness. Some of these films have high electrical resistivity and, hence, are used extensively for insulation purposes. For the last decade, these films have been produced in thicknesses from a few angstroms to the micron range using chemical vapor-deposition, sputtering, and evaporation techniques. These methods are being further explored to determine the possibilities of producing thick films (≈100 μm) that will protect base metal/alloys against corrosion-erosion attack in energy-conversion processes. The present paper deals with evaporation, sputtering, and ion-plating methods for producing thin as well as thick ceramic (insulating) films.
Vocal Ergonomics in the Workplace: Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Method Influences on Vocal Comfort and Function.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning method on voice function following a voicing task using ecologically valid offices, ...
Snail/Slug-YAP/TAZ complexes cooperatively regulate mesenchymal stem cell function and bone formation

Snail and Slug are zinc-finger transcription factors that play key roles in directing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs associated with normal development as well as disease prog...
Resources for Teaching Biological Evolution in the Deep South

Teaching about biological evolution at all levels brings challenges not experienced in other fields of science, especially in the American South. Having experience in teaching evolution at the college level and also doing science outreach work in public schools in Alabama has given me some insights on how to tackle the challenges of the topic. Here I describe a number of strategies and resources that can be used to improve and enrich education in evolutionary biology at all levels.
Herpes simplex virus-1 and cytomegalovirus DNAs detection in the inner ear of implanted patients with non-congenital infection.

Conclusions The detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) genome in perilymph of patients with negative serology or clinical history for congenital infections supports the hypothesis that Herpesviridae, even after acquired postnatal infections, could remain in latent phase in the spiral ganglion and damage the cochlea by a possible subsequent reactivation. Further studies are needed to identify the markers of such reactivation. Objective To identify the presence of certain viral species in the endolabyrinthic fluid of deaf patients with non-congenital infection. The research of viral DNA within the inner ear is the only direct way to increase our knowledge about the viral role in postnatal damage to the cochlea. Methods Thirty-six patients (1-69 years) suffering from bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were subjected, during cochlear implant (CI) surgery, to a sample taking of inner ear fluid. Several types of viral genome (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV and Enterovirus) were investigated in each sample through multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Radiological exams, serology (specific IgG and IgM) and PCR of peripheral blood were also performed. Results While the research of the viral genome in peripheral blood was negative in all patients, multiplex PCR on endolabyrinthic fluid samples was positive in three patients (two cases of CMV-DNA and one case of HSV-1 DNA).
Redefining the legacy of Mina Shaughnessy : a critique of the politics of linguistic innocence.

This article examines Mina Shaughnessy's Errors and Expectations in light of current discourse theories which posit language as a site of struggle among competing discourses. It finds Shaughnessy's analyses and recommended pedagogies dominated by a view of language as a politically innocent vehicle of meaning. The author argues that this view of language leads Shaughnessy to overlook basic writers' need to confront the dissonance they experience between academic and other discourses , which might undercut her goal of helping students achieve the "freedom of deciding how and when and where to use which language." The author further argues that to pursue Shaughnessy's goal of countering unequal social conditions through education, we need to abandon the limitations of the essentialist view of language informing our pedagogy. The aim of this paper is to critique an essentialist assumption about language that is dominant in the teaching of basic writing. This assumption holds that the essence of meaning precedes and is independent of language, which serves merely as a vehicle to communicate that essence. According to this assumption, differences in discourse conventions have no effect on the essential meaning communicated. Using Mina Shaughnessy's Errors and Expectations as an example, I examine the ways in which such an Min-zhan Lu, assistant professor of English at Drake University, teaches writing and literary and cultural criticism. Her work has appeared in College English, The Journal of Education, and Prairie Schooner. She is currently writing a novel on three generations of Chinese women, and coauthoring a book with Bruce Horner on representations of nontraditional students. © Journal of Basic Writing, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1991
Nation and Loyalty in a German-Polish Borderland: Upper Silesia, 1848–1960

In the bloody twentieth-century battles over Central Europe's borderlands, Upper Silesians stand out for resisting pressure to become loyal Germans or Poles. This work traces nationalist activists' efforts to divide Upper Silesian communities, which were bound by their Catholic faith and bilingualism, into two 'imagined' nations. These efforts, which ranged from the 1848 Revolution to the aftermath of the Second World War, are charted by Brendan Karch through the local newspapers, youth and leisure groups, neighborhood parades, priestly sermons, and electoral outcomes. As locals weathered increasing political turmoil and violence in the German-Polish contest over their homeland, many crafted a national ambiguity that allowed them to pass as members of either nation. In prioritizing family, homeland, village, class, or other social ties above national belonging, a majority of Upper Silesians adopted an instrumental stance towards nationalism. The result was a feedback loop between national radicalism and national skepticism.
Probability, Entropy, and Gibbs' Paradox(es).

Two distinct puzzles, which are both known as Gibbs’ paradox, have interested physicists since they were first identified in the 1870s. They each have significance for the foundations of statistical mechanics and have led to lively discussions with a wide variety of suggested resolutions. Most proposed resolutions had involved quantum mechanics, although the original puzzles were entirely classical and were posed before quantum mechanics was invented. In this paper, I show that contrary to what has often been suggested, quantum mechanics is not essential for resolving the paradoxes. I present a resolution of the paradoxes that does not depend on quantum mechanics and includes the case of colloidal solutions, for which quantum mechanics is not relevant.
Picosecond Sampling of GaAs Integrated Circuits

Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) microwave integrated circuits (IC’s) are now being developed for operation in the millimeter-wave range, while GaAs digital IC’s have demonstrated ring-oscillator propagation delays of 5–10 ps, with gate delays of 50–100 ps for larger scale circuits. Digital IC’s are currently tested only by indirect techniques (multi-stage propagation delay or cycle times), while microwave circuits are tested by external scattering parameter measurement; if the circuit does not perform to expectations, the cause is not easily identified. Electrooptic sampling was initially developed to measure the response of photoconductors and photodetectors faster than the time resolution of sampling oscilloscopes and used an external electrooptic modulator connected to the device under test [1,2]. The system developed at Stanford uses the GaAs IC substrate as the electrooptic material, permitting detailed internal-node circuit evaluation with picosecond time resolution.
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING HEMOLYSIS KINETICS

ABSTRACT Dissolution of the erythrocyte membrane has been proposed as a mechanism of hemolysis for red blood cells exposed to hypertonic solutions. A previously published thermodynamic and kinetic model of the desorption of membrane component(s) has been implemented on a computer to perform simulations of hemolysis kinetics. The simulations predict that the desorption reaction will be effected by: the initial state of the membrane (water, lipid, and protein content); the degree of hypertonic disturbance; the hematocrit; and the mode of osmotic shrinkage.
Designing Performative Artifacts for Symmetrical Mediation

This paper introduces some design propositions that aim at enlightening the design of adaptive artificial mediators of social interactions. The argument presented herein is framed in the context of working definitions of cooperation and collaboration; two forms of social interaction based on mechanisms in which parties mutually recognize their intentionality, recognize each other’s agency, and operate under different balances of privileges and obligations. Through the analysis of interactions with adaptive mediators, the paper concludes in four design propositions that subjunctive design language could yield better outcomes when adaptive artifacts foster cooperative interactions, whereas prescriptive ones work better in collaborative interactions. Moreover, it proposes that prescriptive symbolic languages should be preferred when the mediation is about an imbalanced distribution of resources.
Grain freight elevator consolidation, transportation demand, and the growth of shuttle facilities

Abstract Increasing consolidation and concentration in the U.S. grain-elevator gathering system characterized by larger capacity elevators (shuttle) has altered shippers’ relative usage and demand for transportation services. In this study, we estimate modal demand for individual elevator wheat shipments from the U.S. Northern Plains to export and domestic destinations between 2006 and 2013. We find a much higher rail dependence for shuttle elevators in comparison to non-shuttle elevators reflected by the relative size of modal demand elasticities. On the other hand, truck is more competitive for non-shuttle elevators. Shuttle shippers saved 24% in total transportation cost in 2013 in comparison to non-shuttle shippers, with savings in rail transportation costs alone of 22%. Our results support the idea that shippers receive better service and view rail more favorably after adopting shuttle facilities. Moreover, these service benefits may partially mitigate the disadvantages captive shippers (such as those in the Northern Plains) realize in comparison to shippers with more transport options.
Demystifying the Benefits and Harms of Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Patients with CKD represent a vulnerable population where the risks of atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and bleeding are all heightened. Although large randomized, controlled trials in the general population clearly demonstrate that the benefits of warfarin and direct-acting oral anticoagulants outweigh the risks of bleeding, no such studies have been conducted in patients when their creatinine clearance falls below 25–30 ml/min. Without randomized, controlled trial data, the role of anticoagulation in patients with CKD with atrial fibrillation remains unclear and our practice is informed by a growing body of imperfect literature such as observational and pharmacokinetic studies. This article aims to present a contemporary literature review of the benefits versus harms of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation for patients with CKD stages 3, 4, 5, and 5 on dialysis. Although unanswered questions and areas of clinical equipoise remain, this piece serves to assist physicians in interpreting the complex body of literature and applying it to their clinical care.
PREACHING CHRIST FROM PROVERBS

ABSTRACT: Most Guidance For Preaching Christ From The Old Testament Focuses On Narratives Or Prophetic Books. This Paper Focuses On The Specific Challenges Of Preaching Christ From The Proverbial Literature Of The Old Testament. It Shows How To Compare And Contrast Biblical Wisdom With Cultural Wisdom (in Both The Wider Culture And The Christian Subculture). Since Wisdom Is Often Indirect Law, It Can Function As Other Biblical Law Does: Convicting Us Of Sin And Driving Us To Christ, Who Is The Wisdom Of God And Has Thus Lived With Perfect Wisdom In Our Place. It Can Also Exhibit The Third Use Of The Law, Which Is As A Guide To Wise Christian Behavior. KEYWORDS:
Lutein/zeaxanthin intake and visual outcomes in adults with healthy eyes: Qualitative gap analysis

AbstractPurpose: Scientific evidence suggests a role for lutein and zeaxanthin, in visual function. The purpose of this research was to summarize the data related to lutein/zeaxanthin intake and vi...
Patrimonio e historia. Educar en los museos y en las escuelas secundarias (Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

This article presents the results of an educational research on pedagogical use in high schools of the heritage of a history museum of Bahia Blanca city (Buenos Aires, Argentina). The aim is to describe the aulic treatment of three history teachers to address local history and its articulation with the national historical processes of the XIXth century. Methodologically it is framed in an ethnographic approach, whose purpose was to look at the school on the everyday scale, to rescue the production of knowledge and practices. The main theoretical debates related to the relationship between museums and schools, thevaluation of heritage in Argentine educational laws and the purpose of history as a school discipline in relation to identity processes are briefly addressed interculturality. Two axes of analysis of aulic practices are described: (a) themes of local or national history to be recovered (frontier, national state formation, military campaigns and indigenous peoples) and (b) the pedagogical resources used by teachers to produce historical knowledge (texts, didactic games and drawings). Finally, the possibilities of school use of museums for the teaching of history and the possibilities of appropriation and resignificance of officialized historical accounts are discussed.
Deep learning-based roadway crack classification using laser-scanned range images: A comparative study on hyperparameter selection

Abstract In recent years, deep learning-based crack detection methods have been widely explored and applied due to their high versatility and adaptability. In civil engineering applications, recent research on crack detection through deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) includes road pavement crack detection, bridge inspection, defects detection in shield tunnel lining, etc. Despite the increasing popularity of DCNN on crack detection, many challenges have yet to be properly addressed. For crack detection using three-dimensional (3D) range (i.e., elevation) images, disturbances such as surface variation can negatively affect the detection performance. Besides, some typical non-crack patterns such as grooves can be easily misidentified as cracks, i.e., false positives. Another issue lies in the selection of hyperparameters related with the design of a DCNN architecture. For example, the hyperparameters which are related with network structure (e.g., kernel size, network depth and width) and training (e.g., mini-batch size and learning rate) can impact the network performance to a significant extent. Therefore, they need to be properly determined for optimal performance. However, for deep learning-based roadway crack classification using laser-scanned range images, a comprehensive discussion on the hyperparameter selection/tuning has not been thoroughly performed. This study develops a hyperparameter selection process involving a series of experiments on laser-scanned range images with high diversities, investigating the optimal joint hyperparameter configuration on network structure and training for DCNN-based roadway crack classification. In a comparative study, 36 DCNN architectures with varying layouts are developed for crack classification. These architecture candidates differ in kernel sizes (e.g., 3 × 3, 7 × 7, and 11 × 11), network depths (from 5 to 8 weight layers), and widths (from 16 to 96 kernels in each convolutional layer). The 7-layer DCNN with constant 7 × 7 kernels and increasing network widths yields the highest classification performance among the proposed 36 DCNN classifiers, which may be because it can best reflect the complexity of the acquired laser-scanned roadway range images. Once the optimal architecture layout is determined, further discussion on the selection of min-batch sizes, learning rates, dropout factor and leaky rectified linear unit (LReLU) factor is performed. Experimental results show the optimal architecture with associated training configuration can achieve consistent and accurate performance, under the contamination of surface variations and grooved patterns in laser-scanned range images. Discussion on the hyperparameter selection can provide insights for the development of DCNN in similar applications using laser-scanned range images.
Comparison of Louisiana Pigtoe ( Pleurobema riddellii , Mollusca, Unionidae) growth at three different locations in the Neches River Basin of East Texas

Pleurobema riddellii is a state listed unionid in Texas, proposed for potential USFWS protections. Life history information is critical to determine whether a species warrants protection and to ensure that effective conservation measures are implemented. The Neches River is the only Texas river with substantial numbers of P. riddellii. In 2014, we selected three 25 m2 locations in the Neches River with the highest P. riddellii density and excavated those areas. All P. riddellii were collected, measured, and marked. This was repeated again in 2017. We used the inverted von Bertalanffy growth equation to create growth models for each location and an overall growth model. Models were compared to determine if there were differences between locations. The Highway 294 site had a higher growth rate and smaller individuals and was apparently a younger assemblage. To validate our models, additional P. riddellii were measured and their growth rings were counted. They were compared to the number of rings and sizes calculated by our model. Our overall growth model matched growth parameters calculated for other Pleurobema species, indicating that the model is accurately predicting P. riddellii growth. This study increases our knowledge of P. riddellii life history and can help in planning effective conservation strategies.
Retrospective study on the timing of termination of erythrocyte infusion in patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage

Objective To evaluate the appropriate time and reasonable indicator of ending the erythrocyte transfusion in patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage. Methods A retrospective study was performed, where the hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values were taken as test variables and the infusion of erythrocytes was stopped, and the Hb>70 g/L of 24 h after the infusion of erythrocytes was taken as the state variable, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to calculate area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) and cut-off value. Based on the AUC area in the ROC curve, the study was conducted. Patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage whose test variables were less than or equal to cut-off value were divided into group A(n=34), and the rest were divided into group B(n=53). Bleeding volume, blood transfusion volume, hemoglobin content after red blood cell infusion were stopped, and heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were compared 24 h after red blood cell infusion was stopped. The damage of new organs, length of stay and total cost of hospitalization were compared in the two groups. Results The AUC area of Hb was calculated as 0.825 [95%confidence interval (CI) 0.725-0.925] when the infusion was stopped, and the cut-off value of Hb when the infusion was stopped was 86.5 g/L (sensitivity 72.5%, specificity 87.5%). The AUC area of Hct was 0.780 (95%CI 0.665-0.895) when the infusion was stopped, and the cut-off value of Hct when the infusion was stopped was 27.65% (sensitivity 65.2% and specificity 71.2%). There was no significant difference in bleeding volume between the two groups (P>0.05). The mean Hb values of the patients in the two groups were (79±6) g/L in group A and (100±10) g/L in group B, respectively, after the transfusion of erythrocytes was stopped. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P 0.05). The incidence of oxygenation index 0.05). Conclusions Hb is better than Hct in evaluating the indicators of stopping transfusion of red blood cells in patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage. When the body Hb reached 86.5 g/L, it was possible the appropriate time for ending erythrocyte transfusion, with beneficial effects on the body. It was also found that the occurrence of organ injury rises with the increase of erythrocyte transfusion. Key words: Postpartum hemorrhage; Erythrocyte infusion; Terminating time; Receiver operating characteristic curve
Color Holographic Microscopy using a Deep Neural Network

We present a deep learning-based image reconstruction framework for color holographic microscopy, which requires a single hologram taken using three wavelengths, simultaneously illuminating the specimen, to reconstruct its color images.
Head Over Wheels: Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries Secondary to Mountain Biking:

Objectives:The popularity of mountain biking (MTB) in the United States has risen in recent years. We sought to identify the prevalence and distribution of MTB associated head and neck injuries pre...
Robust functional coefficient selection for the single-index varying coefficients regression model

A rank-based estimation and selection of the functional regression coefficients for the single-index varying coefficient regression model is considered. The estimation of the functional regression ...
Clinical Features and Multimodal Imaging in Atypical Posterior Uveitis Secondary to Bartonella Henselae Infection.

Purpose: To characterize an unusual presentation of infectious posterior uveitis using multimodal imaging, and discuss the clinical decision-making involved in diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Wide-field fundus photography, swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), swept-source OCT angiography, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography.Results: This patient presented with cyclical fevers and blurry vision. Fundus examination revealed bilateral optic disc edema, macular intraretinal white spots and many scattered yellow-white chorioretinal lesions. Multimodal imaging characteristics suggested that many of these lesions represent choroidal granulomas. Extensive systemic workup was only notable for borderline elevated Bartonella henselae IgG titers (1:128), however convalescent IgG titers were elevated at 38 days (1:512) supporting the diagnosis of Bartonella chorioretinitis.Conclusion: Ocular manifestations of Bartonella henselae infection are varied and may include choroidal granulomas. Multimodal imaging characteristics may help identify etiologies of infectious uveitis. Convalescent titers are important when evaluating patients with suspected Bartonellosis, especially patients with atypical presentations.
A Mixed-Method Feasibility Study of Breastfeeding Attitudes among Southern African Americans

We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of examining breast/chest feeding attitudes among African Americans in South Carolina using an explanatory sequential, mixed methods approach. We surveyed 50 pregnant African American women during their ob-gyn appointment (Phase I), followed by qualitative interviews with four African American couples (N = 8) (Phase II), and integrating quantitative-qualitative data through joint display (Phase III). Phase I supported the feasibility of recruiting pregnant African American women for our study. However, for Phase II, more research is needed to support the feasibility of recruiting couples from the quantitative phase. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale demonstrated moderate reliability (α = 0.68). Participants intending to exclusively breastfeed (M = 65, SD = 5.79) had higher scores than those intending to exclusively use formula (M = 50, SD = 4.37, p < .001). The six qualitative themes (Phase II) and data integration (Phase III) identified cultural considerations for future research.
A Rare Case Of Dysferlinopathy With Recurrent Rhabdomyolysis (5327)

Objective: To report a rare case of Dysferlinopathy, presenting with recurrent rhabdomyolysis Background: Dysferlin is a transmembrane protein involved in the calcium-mediated repair of the sarcolemma, myotubular differentiation, and regeneration. Dysferlinopathies are autosomal recessive disorders, presenting in teens or early twenties, associated with high serum Creatine Kinase(CK) levels and proximal limb weakness. Design/Methods: A 57-year-old Jamaican man with no known family history of neuromuscular disorder presented to the ER with complaints of intermittent calf pain, fatigue, dysarthria, generalized weakness, and muscle pain. He denied any fever, recent travel, or insect bites. On examination, he had mild proximal limb weakness, muscle tenderness, and hyperreflexia. He had reported a similar episode of weakness associated with elevated CK levels about 10 years ago. He was also recently hospitalized three months ago, for similar symptoms and found to have elevated CK levels, which was attributed to recently initiated statin. Results: Significant initial blood work showed elevated creatinine and mild elevation of CK. However, several hours into his presentation, he had developed increasing shortness of breath requiring intubation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Repeat blood work showed markedly elevated CK level up to 30,605 U/L (reference range 24–204 U/L). His workup included unremarkable MRI of the brain and cervical spine, and unremarkable blood work for infectious and immunological conditions including influenza, HIV, Lyme disease, hepatitis C, anti-nuclear antibody, Anti-Ro, Anti-La, Anti-Jo-1, carnitine, myositis, and myasthenia gravis panel. Given the recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis and hyperCKemia, he had a muscle biopsy and immunohistochemical stains for dysferlin showed focal patchy staining. Eventually, whole-exome sequencing was consistent with 2 mutations in the DYSF gene. Conclusions: This case represents an atypical manifestation of dysferlinopathy with severe recurrent rhabdomyolysis and in one instance leading on to respiratory failure. This case also highlights the importance of early muscle biopsy and genetic studies to assist with diagnosis. Disclosure: Dr. Rath has nothing to disclose. Dr. Coban has nothing to disclose. Dr. Daniel has nothing to disclose.
Homelessness, Medicalization of

Homelessness is a significant social phenomenon fundamentally conditioned by poverty and class inequality. However, while homelessness is best explained by social structural conditions, it continues to be understood as a phenomenon tied to the deviant behavior of individuals. Insofar as sociology serves a critical function in identifying how social phenomena are predicated by macrolevel contexts, it serves as an important counterweight to the overemphasis on individualistic explanations of these sorts of important social issues that is particularly common in the United States. Thus, where homelessness is understood as a function of deviance, mainly addiction and mental illness, there is a critical need for the sociological perspective. This entry explores the medicalization of homelessness, particularly where understandings of homelessness are conflated with disease concepts in a way that obscures social structural influences. We conclude by discussing how medicalized understandings of homelessness not only insufficiently explain it as a social problem, but impede efforts to remediate the fundamental inequalities at its foundations. Keywords: addiction; medicalization; mental health; poverty
Design and fabrication of a meso-scale stirling engine and combustor.

Power sources capable of supplying tens of watts are needed for a wide variety of applications including portable electronics, sensors, micro aerial vehicles, and mini-robotics systems. The utility of these devices is often limited by the energy and power density capabilities of batteries. A small combustion engine using liquid hydrocarbon fuel could potentially increase both power and energy density by an order of magnitude or more. This report describes initial development work on a meso-scale external combustion engine based on the Stirling cycle. Although other engine designs perform better at macro-scales, we believe the Stirling engine cycle is better suited to small-scale applications. The ideal Stirling cycle requires efficient heat transfer. Consequently, unlike other thermodynamic cycles, the high heat transfer rates that are inherent with miniature devices are an advantage for the Stirling cycle. Furthermore, since the Stirling engine uses external combustion, the combustor and engine can be scaled and optimized semi-independently. Continuous combustion minimizes issues with flame initiation and propagation. It also allows consideration of a variety of techniques to promote combustion that would be difficult in a miniature internal combustion engine. The project included design and fabrication of both the engine and the combustor. Two engine designs were developed. The first used a cylindrical piston design fabricated with conventional machining processes. The second design, based on the Wankel rotor geometry, was fabricated by through-mold electroforming of nickel in SU8 and LIGA micromolds. These technologies provided the requisite precision and tight tolerances needed for efficient micro-engine operation. Electroformed nickel is ideal for micro-engine applications because of its high strength and ductility. A rotary geometry was chosen because its planar geometry was more compatible with the fabrication process. SU8 lithography provided rapid prototypes to verify the design. A final high precision engine was created via LIGA. The micro-combustor was based on an excess enthalpy concept. Development of a micro-combustor included both modeling and experiments. We developed a suite of simulation tools both in support of the design of the prototype combustors, and to investigate more fundamental aspects of combustion at small scales. Issues of heat management and integration with the micro-scale Stirling engine were pursued using CFD simulations. We found that by choice of the operating conditions and channel dimensions energy conversion occurs by catalysis-dominated or catalysis-then-homogeneous phase combustion. The purpose of the experimental effort in micro-combustion was to study the feasibility and explore the design parameters of excess enthalpy combustors. The efforts were guided by the necessity for a practical device that could be implemented in a miniature power generator, or as a stand-alone device used for heat generation. Several devices were fabricated and successfully tested using methane as the fuel.
Collaborative spatial decision making in environmental restoration management: an experimental approach

This paper presents the results of an experimental study about the use of collaborative spatial decision support tools to aid environmental restoration management and decision making. Similar, but non-geographic tools were developed and successfully applied in the 1990s for the computerised support of group decision making aimed at solving business problems. Yet, there are significant differences between business applications and spatial applications including environmental management. These differences motivated the study of habitat restoration reported in this paper. The results demonstrate that maps—the most common representation structures of spatial data in geographic information systems—play only a limited support role. Development of new ways to visualise spatial information and novel integrations of maps with analytical tools including multiple criteria decision models may help develop more effective collaborative spatial decision support systems.
Easily designed and constructed high impedance surfaces

In this paper, we propose a type of new high impedance surface that is extremely easy to design and fabricate. These new surfaces are formed by properly lumped loading a periodic screen on a metallic-backed substrate. This can result in an extremely effective high impedance surface. In particular, we have shown here that capacitive lumped-element loading of a periodic inductive screen is an easily designed and effective surface that would be inexpensive to fabricate. For practical unit cell sizes on the order of a few millimeters, capacitors on the order of a few picofarads are all that is needed to operate this high impedance surface in the commercial wireless communications bands (0.9-6 GHz). Such capacitors are cheap, readily available and will operate nearly to 10 GHz.
Pathways of angiogenic resistance in glioblastoma: Adaptations in growth factor signaling in response to VEGF and HGF attenuation

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal central nervous system malignancy with a median survival often less than 18 months. Despite promising initial responses to anti-angiogenic therapies many patients with this disease develop resistance to treatment via poorly understood mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that glioblastoma cell lines grown under growth factor antagonizing conditions exhibit an altered phenotype with changes in growth factor signaling, gene expression as well as in vivo tumorigenesis. Methods: U87 cells were cultured under constant pressure with bevacizumab (3.0 mg/mL), AMG102 (1.0 µg/mL), or a combination of both drugs long term (seven or more passages) in adherent culture. In vitro expression analysis was carried out by growth factor and receptor tyrosine kinase arrays, cDNA microarray, and ELISA. Intracranial xenograft studies demonstrated resultant differences in growth kinetics and survival. Results: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGFAA) were elevated at 5.3, 4.5, and 3.9 fold in combinatorially treated cells versus controls, respectively. These changes correlated with relative increases in corresponding receptor mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, AMG102 and combinatorially pressured cells were highly tumorigenic as compared to control and bevacizumab treated cells in vivo (Median survival 10 ± 1 vs. 32 ± 2 days, respectively). Conclusion: Herein we describe concomitant increases of various oncogenic growth factors which might potentiate tumor survival and therapeutic resistance. These results suggest several potential molecular bypass mechanisms facing proposed angiogenic strategies. Evaluation of resistant phenotypes provides insight on the adaptive complexity of glioblastoma and offers potential for targeting recurrent disease.
ADAMTS13 Expressed In Platelets Offers Systemic Protection Against Arterial Thrombosis and Therapeutic Benefits In Murine Models Of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

ADAMTS13, a plasma metalloprotease, cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) and inhibits arterial thrombosis and inflammatory response. Deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13, due hereditary mutations in ADAMTS13 gene or autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 protease, results in a potentially fatal syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Plasma infusion or exchange is the only effective therapy available to date. To develop novel therapeutics against TTP, we tested a hypothesis that recombinant ADAMTS13, expressed specifically in platelets, may offer systemic protection against arterial thrombosis and therefore provide therapeutic benefit for TTP. To test this hypothesis, we first generated transgenic mice (JAX B6SJL) carrying a human full-length ADAMTS13 gene under a murine platelet glycoprotein 1b (CD41) promoter. The transgenic mice were then bred with Adamts13 -/- (CAST/Ei) mice for >4 generations. By Western blotting and activity assay, we show that a full-length human ADAMTS13 protein (∼195 kDa) and its proteolytic activity toward a FRETS-hVWF73 peptide are detected in platelet lysate obtained from transgenic (rA13-PltTG) mice but not in Adamts13 -/- mice or wild-type mice. Little to no ADAMTS13 activity was detected in plasma in transgenic mice, suggesting the expressed human ADAMTS13 is stored inside platelets. ADAMTS13 was releasable upon stimulation with thrombin (1 U/ml), collagen (10 µg/ml), and AYPGKF (0.5 mM). More significantly, rA13-PltTG mice had higher baseline platelet count than Adamts13 -/- mice, but exhibited a dramatically reduced rate of thrombus formation in mesenteric arterioles after oxidative injury with 10% ferric chloride as compared with Adamts13 -/- mice and wild-type mice. Finally, rA13-PltTG mice were protected from Shigatoxin-2 (Stx-2) or murine recombinant VWF (mVWF)-induced “TTP-like” syndrome, as demonstrated by fewer rA13-PltTG mice having thrombocytopenia (defined by a 40% drop in platelet count from the baseline after challenge with Stx-2 or mVWF), faster and more complete recovery of thrombocytopenia, and significantly higher survival rate than Adamts13 -/- mice. In summary, we have generated transgenic mice expressing human ADAMTS13 in platelets. Platelet ADAMTS13 is releasable upon stimulation by agonists and biologically functional in proteolytic cleavage of VWF in vitro. The platelet-derived ADAMTS13 offers systemic protection against arterial thrombosis after oxidative injury and provide a therapeutic benefit to murine models of TTP, resulting from hereditary ADAMTS13 deficiency. We are now in the process testing the efficacy of this strategy as a novel therapeutic for acquired TTP with inhibitors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.