cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted CNS Expression of Interferon-γ in Transgenic Mice Leads to Hypomyelination, Reactive Gliosis, and Abnormal Cerebellar Development

Abstract Circumstantial and experimental evidence has implicated the immune cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as a key mediator in the pathological changes that are observed in many demyelinating disorders, including the most common human demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. To produce an animal model with which to study the effects of IFN-γ on the CNS, we have generated transgenic mice in which the expression of IFN-γ has been placed under the transcriptional control of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene. Transgenic mice generated with this construct have a shaking/shivering phenotype that is similar to that observed in naturally occurring mouse models of hypomyelination (e.g., shiverer, jimpy, quaking), and these transgenic animals have dramatically less CNS myelin than control animals. Reactive gliosis and increased macrophage/microglial F4/80 immunostaining were also observed. Additionally, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II mRNA levels were increased in the CNS of MBP/IFN-γ transgenic mice, and the increase in MHC class I mRNA expression was detected in both white and gray matter regions. Furthermore, cerebellar granule cell migration was abnormal in these animals. These results strongly support the hypothesis that IFN-γ is a key effector molecule in immune-mediated demyelinating disorders and indicate that the presence of this cytokine in the CNS may also disrupt the developing nervous system.
Photo-active cobalt cubane model of an oxygen-evolving catalyst.

A dyad complex has been constructed as a soluble molecular model of a heterogeneous cobalt-based oxygen-evolving catalyst (Co-OEC). To this end, the Co4O4 core of a cobalt-oxo cubane was covalently appended to ReI photosensitisers. The resulting adduct was characterised both in the solid state (by X-ray diffraction) and in solution using a variety of techniques. In particular, the covalent attachment of the ReI moieties to the Co4O4 core promotes emission quenching of the ReI photocentres, with implications for the energy and electron transduction process of Co-OEC-like catalysts.
Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma In Situ: Radiologic–Pathologic Features and Clinical Management

Background Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) is an unusual variant of LCIS for which optimal management remains unclear.
Growth rates and fractional dimensions in cellular automata

Abstract This paper concerns some different ways by which a fractional dimension may be associated to a cellular automaton whose transition rule is linear modulus p. The growth rate dimensions are shown to equal the Kolmogorov dimensions. Suggestions are made as to the relevance for dendritic crystal growth.
Behavioral, metabolic and functional brain changes in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain: a longitudinal MRI study.

Abstract Peripheral neuropathy often manifests clinically with symptoms of mechanical and cold allodynia. However, the neuroplastic changes associated with peripheral neuropathic pain and the onset and progression of allodynic symptoms remain unclear. Here, we used a chronic neuropathic pain model (spared nerve injury; SNI) to examine functional and metabolic brain changes associated with the development and maintenance of mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, the latter which we assessed both behaviorally and during a novel acetone application paradigm using functional MRI (fMRI). Female Sprague–Dawley rats underwent SNI (n = 7) or sham (n = 5) surgery to the left hindpaw. Rats were anesthetized and scanned using a 7 T MRI scanner 1 week prior to (pre-injury) and 4 (early/subchronic) and 20 weeks (late/chronic) post-injury. Functional scans were acquired during acetone application to the left hindpaw. 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was also performed to assess SNI-induced metabolic changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) pre- and 4 weeks post-injury. Mechanical and cold sensitivity, as well as anxiety-like behaviors, were assessed 2 weeks pre-injury, and 2, 5, 9, 14, and 19 weeks post-injury. Stimulus-evoked brain responses (acetone application to the left hindpaw) were analyzed across the pre- and post-injury time points. In response to acetone application during fMRI, SNI rats showed widespread and functionally diverse changes within pain-related brain regions including somatosensory and cingulate cortices and subcortically within the thalamus and the periaqueductal gray. These functional brain changes temporally coincided with early and sustained increases in both mechanical and cold sensitivity. SNI rats also showed increased glutamate within the ACC that correlated with behavioral measures of cold hypersensitivity. Together, our findings suggest that extensive functional reorganization within pain-related brain regions may underlie the development and chronification of allodynic-like behaviors.
Convolution of Laplace Transforms

Multiplication of appropriate real functions is shown to correspond to convolution of their Laplace transforms as a contour integral.
Simultaneous design of an optical system and null tests of the components: Examples and results from the Large-aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope

Optical null tests for three lenses and two subsystems were incorporated into the optical design procedure for the Large-aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [1]. The “skip surfaces” feature in the OSLO optical design program was crucial.
Mobile document scanning and copying

In this paper, we show a multimedia system for processing mobile camera captured documents. Using a client application on a mobile phone, a user can capture a document image, and send the image to a processing server so that the document image can be restored using automatic perspective and illumination corrections. The restored document can then be sent to a web-connected printer to complete the copying task.
Coronary blood flow measurements with left atrial injection of microspheres in conscious rats

Since left atrial (LA) injection of microspheres has been shown to give more precise coronary blood flow (CBF) determinations, and also since studies in a conscious state have obvious advantages, we have developed a technique of chronic LA catheterisation for these purposes in rats. Through a thoracotomy in the third left intercostal space, the LA appendage was cannulated and a catheter (PE-10 tubing) advanced into the left atrium. The catheter itself was passed through the chest and exteriorised at the back of the neck. Following recovery over 24 to 48 h, flow studies with microspheres could be performed for 3 to 8 days. One-hundred and twenty procedures performed over a 4 month period were analysed. Left atrial catheterisation could be performed in approximately 45 min with no bleeding in 79% of cases and only minimal or moderate bleeding in the rest (13% and 4%, respectively); respiratory complications were rare (<1%). The rats recovered rapidly, and all catheters remained patent for the duration of the preparation. Infections developed in 5% and the total mortality rate was 7%; a complete haemodynamic study could be obtained in 103/120 rats (86%). Small renal infarcts were found in 25% of the rats, but neither the infarcts nor the intraoperative blood loss had any significant effect on haemodynamic indices and flow measurements performed 3 to 8 days after atrial catheterisation. Coronary blood flow values in 33 normal rats were within the range of values reported in the literature. These results demonstrate that chronic LA catheterisation is possible in rats with no major difficulties and will allow the precise determination of coronary blood flow with microspheres in conscious animals.
Interocclusal wax impressions for use in provisional and associated fixed prosthodontic procedures

Abstract A procedure is presented for the construction of a direct provisional acrylic resin restoration by means of an interocclusal wax impression. This technique requires no prepreparation or laboratory time and quickly results in a restoration that accurately covers all margins of the preparation and restores proper contact, contour, and occlusion. This procedure can also be used for large restorations, immediate fixed partial dentures, final impressions of preparations, provisional crowns to fit existing removable partial dentures, and some office emergencies.
First Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at Soudan

We report the first results from a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Four Ge detectors provided 19.4 kg-d net exposure after cuts for recoil energies between 10–100 keV. A blind analysis was performed using only calibration data to define the energy threshold and selection criteria for nuclear-recoil candidates. Using standard assumptions, these data set the world's lowest exclusion limits on the coherent WIMP-nucleon scalar cross-section for all WIMP masses above 15 GeV/c 2 , ruling out a range of neutralino supersymmetric models.
Adding Dental Therapists to the Health Care Team to Improve Access to Oral Health Care for Children

Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General, and the subsequent National Call to Action to Promote Oral Health, contributed significantly to raising awareness regarding the lack of access to oral health care by many Americans, especially minority and low-income populations, with resulting disparities in oral health. The problem is particularly acute among children. The current dental workforce in the United States is inadequate to meet the oral health care needs of children. It is inadequate in terms of numbers of dentists, as well as their geographic distribution, ethnicity, education, and practice orientation. Dental therapists, paraprofessionals trained in a 2 academic-year program of postsecondary education, have been employed internationally to improve access to oral health care for children. Research has documented that utilizing dental therapists is a cost-effective method of providing quality oral health care for children. Dental therapists have recently been introduced in Alaska by the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. Dental therapists could potentially care for children in dental offices, public health clinics, and school systems, as well as in the offices of pediatricians and family physicians. Adding dental therapists to the health care team would be a significant strategy for improving access to care for children and reducing oral health disparities.
Particle drift, diffusion, and acceleration at shocks

The gradient and curvature drifts implicit in change of the ambient magnetic field at a hydromagnetic shock wave are incorporated into the diffusive theory of shock acceleration of charged particles. The conventional jump condition at the shock is modified by a term incorporating the large drift along the shock plane. This term vanished identically for one-dimensional systems, but must be included in general for shocks which are finite in transverse extent or which have transverse structure. It is found that the effect of the drift is such that the transverse drift rate is proportional to the acceleration rate, and for perpendicular shocks is exactly equal to the rate of change of energy in the V x B electric field observed in the shock frame. This establishes a connection with the 'shock drift' models which neglect diffusion.
What do we really mean by verbal language proficiency? Higher level language learning and school performance

Authors usually begin writing by providing their readers with some introductory material to set the tone for their articles and to prepare their readers for the rest of the text. This article is no exception, except to say that any discussion about the interaction among language, the classroom, and the curriculum presents writers, at least this writer, with a seemingly overwhelming challenge. For the past twenty-five years, we have accumulated an enormous amount of information about language acquisition and language disorders (Berry, 1969; Bloom & Lahey, 1978; Bowerman, 1973; Wiig & Semel, 1980). We are just beginning to understand what children "do" as they work at becoming proficient talkers and listeners of their language (Olson, 1982; Ripich & Spinelli, 1985). With all that has been observed and written, however, we still know relatively little about the later phases of language learning (Wallach, 1984). By "later", we usually mean those acquisitions that occur above the age of five or six. Recently, we have moved further in our studies by observing language learning above eight years old and into adolescence (Beadle & Dagenais, 1984; Stephens, 1985). Thus, we could say that the good news about our advancing knowledge is that we understand better the long and gradual process of communicative functioning. We also recognize that while normal developing children appear to be quite good at talking and listening by age six or so, they have much to learn about
Unbounded families and the cofinality of the infinite symmetric group

In this paper, we study the relationship between the cofinalityc(Sym(ω)) of the infinite symmetric group and the minimal cardinality $$\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{b} $$ of an unbounded familyF of ω ω.
Multiaxial fields drive the thermal conductivity switching of a magneto-responsive platelet suspension

We demonstrate the ability to change the thermal conductivity of a magnetic platelet suspension from insulating to conducting by using either uniaxial or multiaxial ac magnetic fields to control the suspension structure and dynamics. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the suspension can be modified either by creating static particle structures that facilitate or block heat transfer, or by using multiaxial ac fields to drive emergent particle dynamics that create vigorous, organized, non-contact flow. The equivalent thermal conductivity of a single suspension can be varied over a 100-fold range, and an equivalent thermal conductivity as high as 18.3 W m−1 K−1 has been achieved in an aqueous suspension containing only 2.0 vol% platelets. This value is more than twice the conductivity of liquid mercury.
An abnormal screening ultrasound: concordance with a tertiary obstetrical ultrasound unit.

Objective: To determine concordance of ultrasound diagnosis in referrals to a tertiary obstetrical ultrasound unit (TOU) for suspected abnormalities.Study design: Consecutive referrals for ‘abnormal outside ultrasound’ during a 6-month period were compared with the TOU ultrasound diagnosis. Concordance of diagnosis was compared on the basis of organ system involved and referral for single or multiple suspected abnormalities. χ2 analysis was used; p 0.05).Conclusions: Most ref...
Trace element partitioning in Texas lignite combustion

Trace element partitioning was studied at a pulverized-lignite fired power plant in Texas. Concentrations of 41 elements were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA) for lignite fuel and combustion effluents collected during 10 consecutive days. Elements studied were grouped into three classes according to their enrichment factors and the relationship between their concentrations and particle size. In general, the concentration enhancement in fly ash and the difference in enhancement between elements placed in different classes are shown to be less significant in this study than for other partitioning studies on higher rank coals.
The Turtle and the Children at Center Stage.

(1981). The Turtle and the Children at Center Stage. Childhood Education: Vol. 58, Pressures Abolishing Childhood, pp. 97-98.
Caught in the psychiatric net: meanings and experiences of ADHD, pediatric bipolar disorder and mental health treatment among a diverse group of families in the United States.

Based on a 13-month ethnographic meaning-centered study of the lived experience of behavioral and emotional disorders among children and families living in the United States, this article highlights the range of orientations to mental health problems and treatment among families from diverse backgrounds. Detailed case portraits of three families are presented to illustrate the various meanings that psychiatric diagnoses and mental health treatments take on within families, with medicalized perspectives holding less salience among African-American families relative to Euro-Americans in the study. The diverse orientations to problems among families in the study suggest that, despite the dominance of biochemical and neurological explanations for behavioral and emotional distress in contemporary U.S. culture, and especially U.S. psychiatry, nonpathological interpretations have not been wholly eclipsed by broad trends toward biologization and medicalization. Families’ experiences are positioned to reveal the allure, as well as the limitations, of biopsychiatric approaches to behavioral and emotional problems.
Legal Pluralism in an American Community: Perspectives on a Civil Trial Court

This article explores the role of a local trial court in terms of the plurality of legal systems-both formal and informal-found in the community in which the court operates. The concept of legal pluralism in American society is examined, and a comparison is made between the study of plural normative systems and the study of disputes and dispute processing. Two examples of legal pluralism drawn from an empirical study of a mid western community are presented: the first exploring oral contractual agreements among farmers and the second examining formal and informal norms concerning divorce. The application of this form of analysis is found to reveal important distinctions between the manifest and latent functions that the trial court performs in its community setting.
Flexibility of interdomain contacts revealed by topological isomers of bivalent consolidated ligands to the dual Src homology domain SH(32) of abelson.

Src homology (SH)2 and SH3 domains are found in a variety of proteins involved in the control of cellular signaling and architecture. The possible interrelationships between domains are not easily investigated, even though several cases of multiple domain-containing constructs have been studied structurally. As a complement to direct structural methods, we have developed consolidated ligands and tested their binding to the Abl SH(32) complex. Consolidated ligands combine in the same molecule peptide sequences recognized by SH2 and SH3 domains, i.e., Pro-Val-pTyr-Glu-Asn-Val and Pro-Pro-Ala-Tyr-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Val-Pro, respectively; these are joined by oligoglycyl linkers. Four types of ligands were chemically synthesized, representing all the possible relative orientations of ligands. Their affinities were found to vary with binding portion topologies and linker lengths. Two of these types were shown to bind to both SH2 and SH3 dual domains with high affinities and specificities, showing increases of one ...
Consequences of Childhood Abuse Among Male Psychiatric Inpatients: Dual Roles as Victims and Perpetrators

The relationship between retrospective self-reports of childhood abuse and subsequent interpersonal violence was assessed among 354 consecutive male inpatient admissions. Three logistic regressions revealed that, controlling for sociodemographic and diagnostic variables, the association between childhood abuse and three mutually exclusive adult negative outcomes were as follows: (1) being a perpetrator of violence (Odds Ratio [OR] = ns), (2) being a victim of violence (OR = 2.5), and (3) being a perpetrator and victim (OR = 4.9). The results suggest that, among men with significant psychiatric impairments and childhood abuse, rates of adult victimization are high, and the most frequent negative outcome reflects involvement in dual roles of perpetrator and victim. The possible dynamics of this relationship are discussed.
Neural network control of force distribution for power grasp

The implementation of an artificial-neural-network (ANN)-based power grasp controller is discussed. Multiple points of contact between the grasped object and finger surfaces characterize power grasps. However, modeling is especially difficult because of the nature of the contacts and the resulting closed kinematic structure. Linear programming was used to train an ANN to control the force distribution for objects using a model of the DIGITS grasping system. Force control is implemented to insure that the maximum normal force applied to the object at the contacts is set to a prespecified level whenever possible. The ANN was able to learn the appropriate nonlinear mapping between the object size and force levels to an acceptable level of accuracy and can be used as a constant-time power grasp controller. >
Perinatal complications as predictors of infantile autism

This study investigated the relationship between reported perinatal complications and autism. The biological mothers of 183 autistic children and 209 normals completed the Maternal Perinatal Scale (MPS), a maternal self-report that surveys complications of pregnancies and medical conditions of the mother. Previous research in this area has been limited, with no definitive conclusions. A discriminant analysis was performed to consider perinatal complications as predictors between the autistic and normal subjects. Using the MPS, 65% of the autistic cases were correctly grouped. The results further indicated significant differences on 3 of the 10 factors of the MPS, in particular, Gestational Age, Maternal Morphology, and Intrauterine Stress. When considered in an item by item fashion, 5 items were found to significantly predict group membership (prescriptions taken during pregnancy, length of labor, viral infection, abnormal presentation at delivery, and low birth weight). Finally, 3 maternal medical conditions were found to be highly significant and contribute to the separation between groups, including urinary infection, high temperatures, and depression.
Inertial migration of a small sphere in linear shear flows

The motion of a small, rigid sphere in a linear shear flow is considered. Saffman's analysis is extended to other asymptotic cases in which the particle Reynolds number based on its slip velocity is comparable with or larger than the square root of the particle Reynolds number based on the velocity gradient. In all cases, both particle Reynolds numbers are assumed to be small compared to unity. It is shown that, as the Reynolds number based on particle slip velocity becomes larger than the square root of the Reynolds number based on particle shear rate, the magnitude of the inertial migration velocity rapidly decreases to very small values. The latter behaviour suggests that contributions that are higher order in the particle radius may become important in some situations of interest.
Effect of geminivirus infection and Bemisia infestation on accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins in tomato.

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, has been shown to cause pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins to accumulate in plants as a result of direct feeding, but their specific role in plant defensive systems is unclear. Our objective was to compare accumulation of tomato PR proteins (β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase, P2 and P4) in response to whitefly, with or without tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) infection. Tomato PR protein response was measured over time in plants divided into three treatments: uninfected controls (with or without whiteflies) and plants infested with viruliferous (ToMoV) whiteflies. Fiveto six-leaf plants were infested with ~5 adult whitefly per leaf. Plants were sampled prior to whitefly infestation and at 14, 28, 42, and 56 days. By 56 days, plants infested with viruliferous whiteflies had significantly more eggs (2.5-fold) and nymphs (4.5-fold) than plants with nonviruliferous whiteflies. A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of all measured PR proteins, as compared to control plants, was only seen in viruliferous whitefly-infested plants. No significant difference was observed in enzyme activities between the uninfected control plants either with or without whiteflies. The greatest differences for all PR proteins assayed were observed 42 days after treatment initiation. Protein blot analyses showed that the differences in PR protein activities among the treatments were due to changes in specific enzyme levels within the plant and were associated with concomitant increases in levels of P2 and P4 PR proteins. Under our experimental conditions, it is clear that PR protein response is much more intense when it is attacked by whiteflies carrying ToMoV than by whitefly alone. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 49:203‐214, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Dairy Products

Abstract Xanthine oxidase activities were measured in a variety of milk and dairy products. Bulk raw milk, as received at a commercial plant, had an average xanthine oxidase activity of 110mU/ml. Homogenization inactivated more than half of the xanthine oxidase, and when packaged, these milks average 34mU/ml. Twenty-five varieties of cheese exhibited xanthine oxidase activities ranging from 0 to 340mU/g. Data are presented for enzyme activities in a variety of other dairy products.
Psychopathology and marital satisfaction: the importance of evaluating both partners.

Using path analysis and hierarchical linear modeling, the authors evaluated the associations between both partners' level of depression and anxiety, as measured by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) content scales, and both partners' level of marital satisfaction among married couples (N = 774) that participated in the MMPI restandardization study (J. N. Butcher. W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen. & B. Kaemmer, 1989). Results indicated that marital satisfaction was predicted by the person's own level of anxiety and depression (i.e., actor effects) and by his or her spouse's level of depression only (i.e., partner effects). Findings also indicated that (a) there were no significant gender differences in the magnitude of effects, (b) depression effects were significantly stronger than anxiety effects, (c) actor effects were significantly stronger than partner effects, and (d) there were interactions between actor and partner effects for depression only.
Use of Panitumumab-IRDye800 to Image Cutaneous Head and Neck Cancer in Mice

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of panitumumab in real-time fluorescent imaging and histologic processing of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in mice.DesignA near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (IRDye800CW) was covalently linked to a monoclonal antibody–targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (panitumumab) or nonspecific IgG and injected into mice bearing flank xenografts from a cSCC cell line (SCC-13 or SRB-12; n = 7), human split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs; n = 3), or a human tumor explant (n = 1). The tumor and lymph nodes were imaged and dissected using fluorescence guidance with the SPY imaging system and verified with a charge-coupled NIR system. An NIR scanning device (Odyssey) was used to measure fluorescence intensity in histological sections.SubjectsImmunodeficient mice.SettingIn vivo and in vitro imaging lab.ResultsTumor tissue could be delineated from the human STSG with tumor-to-background ratios of 4.5 (Pearl) and 3.4 (SPY). Tumor detection was substantially improved with p...
Pharmacist conscience clauses and access to oral contraceptives

The introduction of conscience clauses after the 1973 US Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade allowed physicians and nurses to opt out of medical procedures, particularly abortions, to which they were morally opposed. In recent years pharmacists have requested the same consideration with regard to dispensing some medicines. This paper examines the pharmacists' role and their professional and moral obligations to patients in the light of recent refusals by pharmacists to dispense oral contraceptives. A review of John Rawls's concepts of the "original position" and the "veil of ignorance", along with consideration of the concept of compartmentalisation, are used to assess pharmacists' requests and the moral and legal rights of patients to have their prescriptive needs met.
Development and fine structure of Pleistophora sp. (Cnidospora: Microsporida) in the mosquito, Aedes sierrensis

Abstract The development and fine structure of a Pleistophora sp. from larvae of Aedes sierrensis was investigated. The usual site of infection was the posterior midgut epithelium, and small uni- and binucleate forms were the first stages observed. There was no evidence of autogamy or the production of uninucleate sporonts. Binucleate sporonts produced prosporoblasts with two and four nuclei. Cellularization of the prosporoblasts resulted in sporoblasts which matured into spores. Heavily infected larvae have less fat body than healthy hosts and usually die when infected in the first or second instar. The pathogen could remain chronic and be carried into the adult host. Although natural infections were low, the pathogen could serve as a biological control agent.
Filter decomposition for supporting coarse-grained pipelined parallelism

We consider the filter decomposition problem in supporting coarse-grained pipelined parallelism. This form of parallelism is suitable for data-driven applications in scenarios where the data is available on a repository or a data collection site on the Internet, and the final results are required on a user's desktop. A filter decomposition algorithm takes an application divided into a sequence of atomic filters, and maps them into a given number of filters. We propose three polynomial time algorithms for this problem. Dynamic programming algorithm MIN/spl I.bar/ONETRIP optimizes the one trip cost for a packet passing through the pipeline. MIN/spl I.bar/BOTTLENECK is also a dynamic programming algorithm, which minimizes the time spent on the bottleneck stage. Finally, MIN/spl I.bar/TOTAL is an approximate greedy algorithm which tries to minimize the total execution time. The results show that our heuristic algorithms work quite well in practice, with the possible exception of MIN/spl I.bar/ONETRIP when the number of packets is large. However, the relative performance of the algorithms is not always what we would expect, because of the certain limitations in how we model the problem.
Learning nonlinearly separable mod k addition problem using a single multi-valued neuron with a periodic activation function

In this paper, we further develop a complex-valued neuron paradigm. It is shown how a single multi-valued neuron with a periodic activation function may learn multiple-valued nonlinearly separable problems. One of the classical nonlinearly separable problems - mod k addition of n variables is considered in detail. It is shown that to be able to learn this problem using a single multi-valued neuron, it is necessary to use a periodic activation function and a learning algorithm based on the error-correction learning rule and adapted to this activation function.
Probing the hydrodynamic behavior of drug-induced tubulin rings by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

We describe fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements of tubulin polymers composed of tubulin and either of two cytotoxic peptides -dolastatin 10 and cryptophycin 1. These peptides inhibit tubulin polymerization into microtubules, a major component of cellular networks, and instead induce the formation of predominantly single-walled tubulin rings. We determine ratios of the hydrodynamic diameter of dolastatin-tubulin or cryptophycin-tubulin polymers to that of tubulin dimers, which are compared with corresponding ratios calculated for two simple models: 1) a circular ring made with N contiguous spherical beads and 2) a circular ring constructed with N non-spherical monomers, each monomer being represented by 21-minibeads. We find that the computed ratios from the 21-minibead representation agree well with the measured ones when N = 28 and N = 16 for dolastatin-tubulin and cryptophycin-tubulin ring polymers, respectively. That is, the rings are made with 14 and 8 tubulin dimers, confirming the numbers derived by other techniques. The present results further support the applicability of theories that have been developed for calculating hydrodynamic properties of supramolecular biological structures.
The distributed operation language for specifying multi-system applications

An approach to the problem of systematic development of applications requiring access to multiple and heterogeneous hardware and software systems is presented. The approach is based on a common communication and data exchange protocol that uses local access managers to protect the autonomy of member software systems. The solution is modular and can be implemented in a heterogeneous hardware and software environment using different operating systems and different network protocols. The design of the system, its major components, and its prototype implementation are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the distributed operation language (DOL), used to specify invocation, synchronization, and data exchange between various software and hardware components of a distributed system. >
Thermal Effects And Flat Direction Baryogenesis

In this paper we provide a detailed numerical study of the influence of thermal effects on the original picture of AD baryogenesis. These effects are found to modify the results greatly in some cases. We estimate the baryon/entropy ratio and provide numerical results on the typical behavior of the charge as a function of the strength of the potential and other parameters.
The role of organic acid exudates in liberating phosphorus from seagrass-vegetated carbonate sediments

Sediment-bound phosphorus (P) is a potential nutrient source for P-limited seagrasses inhabiting carbonate sediments. We explored the role of organic acid (OA) exudation by seagrasses in liberating mineral P from carbonate sediments. Organic acids can act to increase available P by dissolving carbonate sediment, competing with P for binding sites and complexing dissolution end products, and also by fueling microbial processes that change pore-water pH. We used dialysis tubing placed around individual roots in situ to quantify dissolved species immediately adjacent to roots (root zone) and compared these to bulk pore-water concentrations in vegetated and nonvegetated sediments. Total OA concentrations were highest in the root zone (29.8 6 1.8 mmol L21) compared to bulk measures of 15.5 6 1.9 and 7.5 6 0.6 mmol L21 in vegetated and nonvegetated sediments, respectively. Phosphate concentrations were also highest in the root zone and were linearly related to OA concentrations (R2 5 0.63). Organic acid concentrations increased along a seagrass productivity gradient, and ratios of OA concentrations to productivity showed a significant response to a gradient in P-limitation of seagrasses. Organic acid concentrations found in and around roots, compared to those found in bulk sediment measures, indicate that seagrasses are a significant source of OA. Sampling at small spatial scales (mm) immediately adjacent to the roots is critical, because bulk sediment pore-water measures did not capture the observed fluctuations caused by the rapid reaction and consumption of OA in the sediment. Root-zone processes can liberate considerable quantities of P, and OA exudates likely contribute significantly to the success of T. testudinum in P-limited environments.
High-spin states above 3.5 MeV in 91Nb

Abstract High-spin states in 91 Nb populated by the 89 Y(α, 2nγ) reaction were studied at 24.0 MeV and 35.7 MeV incident α-particle energy. Gamma-gamma coincidence and γ-ray angular distribution measurements were made. Several high-spin states in 91 Nb were observed at 35.7 MeV bombarding energy which were not observable at 24.0 MeV. The shell model structure of these states is discussed.
Mechanismus der Mutarotation von 5,6-Dibromcholestan

The mutarotation of 5 α, 6 β-dibromocholestane in a series of solvents and that of cholesterol dibromide in chloroform has been studied polarimetrically. The rate of mutarotation is quite insensitive to the addition of hydrogen bromide, benzoyl peroxide or catechol, the kineties being well formulated by reversible first order reactions.
Postbreeding Habitat Use of Wood Frogs in a Missouri Oak-Hickory Forest

Abstract Fitness benefits to individuals from using a particular habitat during the non-breeding season are likely species- and habitat-specific. Our goal was to define the postbreeding habitat use of adult Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica) within continuous oak-hickory forest in Missouri. We used radio-telemetry to determine whether adult Wood Frogs are evenly spaced throughout this forest type or clumped at a particular resource. In addition, we determined microhabitat selection using conditional logistic regression that compares the microhabitat at frog locations to paired points located 2 m from the frog. Adult frogs migrated from breeding sites located on ridgetops into ephemeral, rocky ravines. Use of drainages by Wood Frogs depended on the distance between the breeding site and drainage, and the orientation of drainages relative to the pond edge influenced whether migratory paths of frogs are funneled or spaced apart. The most supported model of microhabitat selection indicated that frogs selected locati...
Slow Journalism and the Out of Eden Walk

Journalism does not get much slower than National Geographic’s Out of Eden Walk, a seven-year, around-the-world journey being undertaken by two-time Pulitzer Prize winner Paul Salopek. This article explains how Salopek’s Walk is a particularly useful and beautiful example of slow journalism that renders the oldest story in human history using innovative digital tools of the twenty-first century. It also offers university educators ideas on using the Out of Eden Walk as a teaching tool, by exposing classrooms to the literary and visual delights of the project while having students design and implement a narrative walk of their own.
Black holes and massive remnants

This paper examines the conundrum faced when one attempts to understand the dynamics of black hole formation and evaporation without abandoning unitary evolution. Previous efforts to resolve this puzzle assume that information escapes in corrections to the Hawking process, that an arbitrarily large amount of information is transmitted by a Planckian energy or contained in a Planck-sized remnant, or that the information is lost to another universe. Each of these possibilities has serious difficulties. This paper considers another alternative: remnants that carry large amounts of information and whose size and mass depend on their information content. The existence of such objects is suggested by attempts to incorporate a Planck-scale cutoff into physics. They would greatly alter the late stages of the evaporation process. The main drawback of this scenario is the apparent noncausal behavior behind the horizon.
More Books: More Play

This listing of books offers more hands-on hints for the individual and for the field of PA. For the individual wanting to do PA theory, it draws attention to a book or set of books that has changed the profes sional life of someone who does PA theorizing. It prompts readers to see if their PA thinking can be enhanced by a book that has enhanced the life of a significant other in the business of thinking and theorizing about PA. For the field of PA, I don't suppose that any of the partici pants in this project would think that being interested in the hills outside our own PA valley is a deficiency. Enlightenment in any social science, as I see it, lies in reaching outside that particular social science. Post-traditional PA ? PA stronger, leaner and more effective than traditional PA ? should be built in large part on what we can call life changing flash points wherever they are, not essentially on a designated chunk of subject matter. In seeking this, I would add that we should be prepared for untidy play like that suggested in this Life-changing Books Project. This column, the second of two articles, continues to report on more books in a Life-Changing Books Project. It provides an account of books that those concerned with PA theorizing describe as having changed their professional lives. So I choose to think of these books as life-changing flash points. It's not that they will change the readers'
Remarks on the Bessel Polynomials

(1973). Remarks on the Bessel Polynomials. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 1034-1040.
Combination usage of TCT and digital colposcopy: application to diagnosis of cervical lesions

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the usage of digital colposcopy and cytology in the early detection of cervical lesions. [Methods] A retrospective data of 698 cases with cervical lesions diagnosed by a combination of digital colposcopy and cytology was analyzed by reference to the gold standard of histopathology. [Results] 375 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (CINⅠ320, CINⅡ36, CINⅢ19) and 11 cases with cervical carcinoma were detected by colposcopy. The sensitivity rates for diagnosing CINⅠ and CINⅡ, CINⅢ cervical carcinoma were 88.03% and 96.36% respectively. The speciality rates were 72.38%and 96.20% respectively. 331 cases with LSIL, 48 cases with HSIL and 12 cases with cervical carcinoma were diagnosed by TCT. The sensitivity for diagnosing LSIL and HSIL cervical carcinoma were 77.03%and 88.23% respectively. The specificity rates were 72.63%and 96.50% respectively. There were significant differences in diagnosing LSIL (χ2=4.190, P0.05) and not differences in diagnosing HSIL and cervical carcinoma (χ2=3.329, P0.05 respectively). [Conclusions] The combination usage of TCT and biopsy by colposcopy can promote diagnosis accuracy of the cervical lesions.
Formation damage mechanism of Daqingzi wellblock in Jilin oilfield.

Following standard experimental program, Daqingzi wellblock in Jilin oilfield was studied systematically in aspects of mechanism of formation damage caused by drilling fluid and the influencing factors. Results indicated that, l)for the core sample of about 1×10-3μm2 in permeability, the damage caused by water-shut was 14. 05%-23. 01%, the damage caused by water sensitivity, incompatibility between drilling fluid filtrate and formation rock and adsorption of high molecule polymer was 13. 73%-18. 84%, and the damage caused by solid invasion was 2. 30%-4. 80%; 2) for the core sample of 20×10-3-30×10-3 μm2 in p ermeability, the three values were 7. 48%-12. 20% , 6. 47%-9. 17%, and 0. 57%-4. 55% respectively. From above evaluation results, we can conclude that the dominant damage to Daqingzi wellbock is liquid damage. Drilling fluid filtrate, especially filtrate produced in HTHP condition, affects permeability of oil reservoir greatly. That is, with the increasing of drilling fluid pressure difference, the permeability recovery of core rock reduces by 4%-'7%. So, when drilling in productive formation, volume and performance of drilling fluid filtrate invaded in oil/gas formation should be controlled, and the drilling fluid density should be lowered as low as we can.
Neural correlates of autobiographical memory retrieval in children and adults

Autobiographical memory (AM) is a critically important form of memory for life events that undergoes substantial developmental changes from childhood to adulthood. Relatively little is known regarding the functional neural correlates of AM retrieval in children as assessed with fMRI, and how they may differ from adults. We investigated this question with 14 children ages 8-11 years and 14 adults ages 19-30 years, contrasting AM retrieval with semantic memory (SM) retrieval. During scanning, participants were cued by verbal prompts to retrieve previously selected recent AMs or to verify semantic properties of words. As predicted, both groups showed AM retrieval-related increased activation in regions implicated in prior studies, including bilateral hippocampus, and prefrontal, posterior cingulate, and parietal cortices. Adults showed greater activation in the hippocampal/parahippocampal region as well as prefrontal and parietal cortex, relative to children; age-related differences were most prominent in the first 8 sec versus the second 8 sec of AM retrieval and when AM retrieval was contrasted with semantic retrieval. This study is the first to characterise similarities and differences during AM retrieval in children and adults using fMRI.
Abstract IA05: Enhancing HIT platform design and employing novel analytic perspectives to reduce cancer

The potential of Information and Communications technologies to help address cancer health disparities is significant. A growing body of evidence focuses on the efficacy of devices and tools. This literature suggests that both clinical and consumer oriented Health IT can positively impact health outcomes. Despite this literature, comparatively less work has been done detailing principles of effective Health IT design, particularly for underserved populations who may have unique physical, cultural and or environmental user characteristics that impact the usability of electronic tools, rendering them less useful, desirable or effective among these populations. If left unaddressed, sub optimal health IT design could contribute to increases in cancer disparities. In addition, little work has also been done focusing on the development of health technology platforms specifically for health coaches, navigators and health workers working with individuals from underserved population groups. Finally advances in Health IT are enabling the collection of vast amounts of data. This data may, in the future, be used to gain novel disparities insights not currently possible. This presentation will discuss evidence based design principles that can enhance the development of electronic health tools to address cancer disparities. The presentation will also provide examples of emerging platforms as well as novel analytic perspectives that could prove important in helping to effectively address and ultimately eliminate Cancer health disparities. Citation Format: M. Chris Gibbons. Enhancing HIT platform design and employing novel analytic perspectives to reduce cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Developing workflows for short-term loans of ebooks as an adjunct to ILL: Part one

Advances in technology and cooperative structures have had a dramatic effect on the speed of ILL fulfillment for articles, but because of physical limitations, ILL fill speed for monographs has lagged. Having successfully improved ILL fill speed for journal articles by introducing ILLiad and RapidILL, The College of New Jersey Library investigated the possibility of expediting ILL fill for monographs by taking advantage of the speed afforded by ebook fulfillment and the attractive pricing of short-term leases of ebooks. This necessitated an assessment of the scale of ebook equivalents and the creation of new internal workflows in close consultation with our ebook vendor.