cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adoptive Transfer of Lymphocytes Isolated from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239Δnef-Vaccinated Macaques Does Not Affect Acute-Phase Viral Loads but May Reduce Chronic-Phase Viral Loads in Major Histocompatibility Complex-Matched Recipients

ABSTRACT The live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac239Δnef is the most effective SIV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine in preclinical testing. An understanding of the mechanisms responsible for protection may provide important insights for the development of HIV vaccines. Leveraging the uniquely restricted genetic diversity of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques, we performed adoptive transfers between major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched animals to assess the role of cellular immunity in SIVmac239Δnef protection. We vaccinated and mock vaccinated donor macaques and then harvested between 1.25 × 10 9 and 3.0 × 10 9 mononuclear cells from multiple tissues for transfer into 12 naive recipients, followed by challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239. Fluorescently labeled donor cells were detectable for at least 7 days posttransfer and trafficked to multiple tissues, including lung, lymph nodes, and other mucosal tissues. There was no difference between recipient macaques9 peak or postpeak plasma viral loads. A very modest difference in viral loads during the chronic phase between vaccinated animal cell recipients and mock-vaccinated animal cell recipients did not reach significance ( P = 0.12). Interestingly, the SIVmac239 challenge virus accumulated escape mutations more rapidly in animals that received cells from vaccinated donors. These results may suggest that adoptive transfers influenced the course of infection despite the lack of significant differences in the viral loads among animals that received cells from vaccinated and mock-vaccinated donor animals.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THREE RICE VARIETIES

Physicochemical properties of three rice varieties were studied. Textural properties of gels from La Grue, Bengal, and S201, were investigated using the Universal Texture Analyzer, and pasting characteristics by Brabender Visco/amylography. Gels from La Grue (long grain) had higher fiacturability, hardness, amylographic consistency, and setback viscosity (P<O. 05). Gels from S201, a short grain variety, were harder and had higherfiacturability values than thosefrom Bengal, a medium grain variety. Analysis of texture profiles of rice gels could be an alternative to Brabender viscoamylographs for diferentiating among rice varieties. Tests on in-vitro starch digestibility showed that La Grue had lower maltose released than S201 or Bengal during the first 15 and 45 min of hydrolysis with human salivaly a-amylase.
Application of ecosystem‐scale fate and bioaccumulation models to predict fish mercury response times to changes in atmospheric deposition

Management strategies for controlling anthropogenic mercury emissions require understanding how ecosystems will respond to changes in atmospheric mercury deposition. Process-based mathematical models are valuable tools for informing such decisions, because measurement data often are sparse and cannot be extrapolated to investigate the environmental impacts of different policy options. Here, we bring together previously developed and evaluated modeling frameworks for watersheds, water bodies, and food web bioaccumulation of mercury. We use these models to investigate the timescales required for mercury levels in predatory fish to change in response to altered mercury inputs. We model declines in water, sediment, and fish mercury concentrations across five ecosystems spanning a range of physical and biological conditions, including a farm pond, a seepage lake, a stratified lake, a drainage lake, and a coastal plain river. Results illustrate that temporal lags are longest for watershed-dominated systems (like the coastal plain river) and shortest for shallow water bodies (like the seepage lake) that receive most of their mercury from deposition directly to the water surface. All ecosystems showed responses in two phases: A relatively rapid initial decline in mercury concentrations (20–60% of steady-state values) over one to three decades, followed by a slower descent lasting for decades to centuries. Response times are variable across ecosystem types and are highly affected by sediment burial rates and active layer depths in systems not dominated by watershed inputs. Additional research concerning watershed processes driving mercury dynamics and empirical data regarding sediment dynamics in freshwater bodies are critical for improving the predictive capability of process-based mercury models used to inform regulatory decisions.
Modeling of Lath Martensitic Microstructures and Failure Evolution in Steel Alloys

A multiple-slip dislocation-density-based crystalline formulation, specialized finite-element formulations, and Voronoi tessellations adapted to martensitic orientations were used to investigate dislocation-density activities and crack tip blunting in high strength martensitic steels. The formulation is based on accounting for variant morphologies and orientations, retained austenite, and initial dislocations densities that are uniquely inherent to martensitic microstructures. The effects of variant distributions and arrangements are investigated for different crack and void interaction distributions and arrangements. The analysis indicates that for certain orientations related to specific variant block arrangements, which correspond to random low angle orientations, cracks can be blunted by dislocation-density activities along transgranular planes. For other variant block arrangements, which correspond to random high angle orientations, sharp crack growth can occur due to dislocation activities along intergranular planes.
Treatment of AB deficiencies.

. The objective of this study was to compare serum immunoglobulin levels and the clinical status of patients with primary immune deficiency who received an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (pH 4.0) preparation for 1 year with results previously obtained when the same patients received intramuscular immunoglobulin (IMIG). During the IVIG treatment year, increased serum immunoglobulin levels, shorter duration of certain infectious disorders, reduced antibiotic use, ans improved rheumatoid symptoms were observed. The actual benefit of IVIG therapy could not be established until after the sixth months, since illness was even further reduced during the second 6 months of treatment. Other clinical observations are evaluated in the 2 groups.
Solubility Determination of Cholesterol Polymorphs in Organic Solvents

In a study of the solubility of crystalline forms of cholesterol in various solvents, the solubilities (per cent by weight) of cholesterol needles and hydrated plates at 38° were, respectively, 4.0 and 3.2% in olive oil; 2.6 and 1.9% in tetradecane; 26.2 and 9% in toluene; and 21.0 and 7% in cyclohexane. When these solvents are in equilibrium with an aqueous phase, needles are converted to plates. Pseudomorph ( dehydrated) plates in olive oil have the solubility of needles. These differences may have significance in studies involving cholesterol pathogenesis. The modified Zak reaction with ethanol could not be used for the assay of cholesterol in olive oil since the reaction product was turbid. Higher alcohols were studied as a substitute for ethanol; 2-propanol was satisfactory.
A systematic review: barriers to hourly rounding

Aim The purpose of this review of the literature is to identify a comprehensive list of the barriers that impact the effective implementation and sustainment of hourly rounding on the adult inpatient medical or surgical unit. Background Despite the benefits associated with hourly rounding, challenges with the implementation and sustainment of this intervention have been reported on medical-surgical units. Some hospitals have multiple campaigns to implement rounding, yet sustainment eludes them. Evaluation Four databases were searched independently by two reviewers. Articles were screened according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria and 20 articles resulted. Key issues Clear themes of barriers emerged across the literature consisting of: workload issues, burdensome rounding logs, missing staff buy-in, patient acuity levels, lack of adequate staff education and a lack of sustainability. Conclusions The barriers identified are all directly related and perceived by the front line staff that is performing hourly rounding. The barriers identified may be limiting the organisation's ability to sustain the hourly rounding process. Implications for nursing management Leaders can utilise this information to analyse and create successful options to overcome these barriers before, during and after the implementation process. Further studies are needed to identify targeted strategies to alleviate these barriers.
AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF RESPONDENT-DRIVEN SAMPLING: POINT ESTIMATES, VARIANCE, DEGREE MEASURES, AND OUT-OF-EQUILIBRIUM DATA

This paper, which is the first large scale application of Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) to non-hidden populations, tests three factors related to RDS estimation against institutional data using two WebRDS samples of university undergraduates. First, two methods of calculating RDS point estimates are compared. RDS estimates calculated using both methods coincide closely, but variance estimation, especially for small groups, is problematic for both methods. In one method, the bootstrap algorithm used to generate confidence intervals is found to underestimate variance. In the other method, where analytical variance estimation is possible, confidence intervals tend to overestimate variance. Second, RDS estimates are found to be robust against varying measures of individual degree. Results suggest the standard degree measure currently employed in most RDS studies is among the best performing degree measures. Finally, RDS is found to be robust against the inclusion of out-of-equilibrium data. The results show that valid point estimates can be generated with RDS analysis using real data, however further research is needed to improve variance estimation techniques.
Some Recent Work on Zero Mass Field Theories

Some new results on the zero mass behavior of renormalizable field theories are reviewed. Much of the work is directed toward the problem of defining finite transition probabilities in theories with coupled massless fields. In particular, it has been shown through lowest non-trivial order that the production, scattering and detection (with finite energy resolution) of massive quarks in the unbroken SU(3) color gauge model is free of infrared divergences in perturbation theory.
Don't Just Hit Send: Unsolicited E-mail and the Attorney-Client Relationship

Legal ethicists and lawyers in general are only now beginning to struggle with questions involving the Internet's impact on the practice of law and legal ethics. One issue that is almost entirely unaddressed but that affects nearly every lawyer is the potential for a response to an unsolicited email to create an implied attorney-client relationship. Such relationships, which rely on a finding of reasonable reliance on the part of the client despite an absence of a formal relationship between client and attorney, are somewhat uncommon but are receiving fresh attention after the adoption of the Ethics 2000 Model Rule of Professional Responsibility Rule 1.18. E-mail's ubiquity in the modern law office and the ease with which e-mail addresses can be found on law firm websites mean that lawyers are, more than ever, confronted with non-clients asking them detailed, fact-specific questions. Responding to such questions can, like the response to a legal question at a cocktail party, be fraught with ethical dangers. This paper examines the ethical issues, including attorney-client duties, surrounding unsolicited emails sent to attorneys. It begins with a discussion of the traditional doctrine of the attorney-client relationship and how courts have shaped an attorney's duties to people who are not formally their clients before focusing on email itself and how an unsolicited email could result in an implied relationship. Disclaimers, an integral component of most law firms' attempts to limit potential liability, are then examined with considerable focus on the enforceability of such disclaimers. The paper concludes with some suggestions on dealing with the liability associated with unsolicited email and proposes some reforms of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct. I ultimately argue that courts should imply an attorney-client relationship created through email only in narrow circumstances in which it is objectively reasonable for the putative client to believe a relationship has formed and the client has actually relied on the advice given.
Estimating the Distributional Impact of Highway Tolls: An Application to the Puget Sound Region of Washington State

This study contributes to the debate about tolls’ equity impacts by examining the potential economic costs of tolling for low-income and non-low-income households. Using data from the Puget Sound metropolitan region in Washington State and GIS methods to map driving routes from home to work, we examine car ownership and transportation patterns among low-income and non-low-income households. We follow standard practice of estimating tolls’ potential impact only on households with workers who would drive on tolled and non-tolled facilities. We then redo the analysis including broader groups of households. We find that the degree of regressivity is quite sensitive to the set of households included in the analysis. The results suggest that distributional analyses of tolls should estimate impacts on all households in the relevant region in addition to impacts on just users of roads that are currently tolled or likely to be tolled.
(S3)3 flavor symmetry and p-->K0e+

We show how to incorporate the lepton sector in a supersymmetric theory of flavor based on the discrete flavor group ({ital S}{sub 3}){sup 3}. Assuming that all possible nonrenormalizable operators are generated at the Planck scale, we show that the transformation properties of the leptons and of the flavor-symmetry-breaking fields are uniquely determined. We then demonstrate that the model has a viable phenomenology and makes one very striking prediction: the nucleon decays predominantly to {ital Kl} where {ital l} is a {ital first} generation lepton. We show that the modes {ital n}{r_arrow}{ital K}{sup 0}{bar {nu}}{sub {ital e}}, {ital p}{r_arrow}{ital K}{sup +}{bar {nu}}{sub {ital e}}, and {ital p}{r_arrow}{ital K}{sup 0}{ital e}{sup +} occur at comparable rates, and could well be discovered simultaneously at the SuperKamiokande experiment. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Searching for a heavy Higgs boson via the H → lvjj decay mode at the CERN LHC

The discovery of a heavy Higgs boson with a mass up to ${m}_{H}=1\mathrm{TeV}$ at the CERN LHC is possible in the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{H}{W}^{+}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{lvjj}$ decay mode. The weak boson scattering signal and backgrounds from $t\overline{t}\mathrm{jj}$ and from $W+\mathrm{jets}$ production are analyzed with parton level Monte Carlo programs which are built on full tree level amplitudes for all subprocesses. The use of double jet tagging and the reconstruction of the W invariant mass reduce the combined backgrounds to the same level as the Higgs signal. A central mini-jet veto, which distinguishes the different gluon radiation patterns of the hard processes, further improves the signal to background ratio to about 2.5:1, with a signal cross section of 1 fb. The jet energy asymmetry of the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{W}\mathrm{jj}$ decay will give a clear signature of the longitudinal polarization of the $W$s in the final event sample.
Generalizability of Individual Difference Moderators of the Participation in Decision Making-Employee Response Relationship

A considerable amount of research including numerous replications has indicated that individual difference moderators of the relationship between the job situation and employee responses do not gen...
PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF AGE AND SEX ADJUSTED B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE UPON CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH ORGANIC MITRAL REGURGITATION

Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) varies with age and sex. However normalized values in patients with organic mitral regurgitation (OMR) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an increase in BNP compared to normal upon mortality in a large population of OMR. In 1,
Cultural blindness and ambiguity: Reading (for) and writing about rape:

In the long nineteenth century, crime reports in popular, sensationalistic broadsheets called canards sanglants contributed to making the crime of rape visible to a broader audience in France. The general public learned about heinous crimes, as vendors in public streets and squares shouted out and sang the papers’ titles and complaintes. Moreover, during the first third of the century, not only did statistical accounts of increasing crime make rape more noticeable, but the visual spectacles of the criminal were replaced by crime reports in the press, such as the Gazette des Tribunaux. After examining why rape sold papers, and explaining my larger corpus of 115 canards sanglants, this essay investigates the murky way in which seven particular crimes of alleged murder were represented in the canards sanglants – two in 1827, the others in 1843, 1852, 1879, 1887 and 1889. These seven crimes share several common features. Ambiguity is manifest in each case, as the crime report declares that only a murder trans...
MR Imaging Findings of Typical and Atypical Hypothalamic Hamartomas

Objective To study the clinical and MRI findings of typical and atypical hypothalamic hamartoma,so as to improve the diagnosis.Materials and Methods The clinical and MRI data of 10 patients with hypothalamic hamartoma were analyzed.The patients underwent MRI plain and enhancement scan.Results On plain MRI images,the typical hypothalamic hamartomas(n=5) showed as isointense masses on T1WI and slight hyperintensity on T2WI without enhancement on contrast MRI images.The hypothalamic hamartomas connected to gray tubercle and mamillary body with wide base or pedicle.Atypical hypothalamic hamartomas(n=5)referred to giant hamartomas with necrosis or tumor located in atypical position.Conclusion Hypothalamic hamartoma should be considered firstly when patients have the symptom of gelastic epilepsy and/or precocious puberty,as well as non-enhanced nodules or masses located in the suprasella and hypothalamic regions.
Fine-Mapping of 18q21.1 Locus Identifies Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate.

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common congenital birth defects. NSCL/P is a complex multifactorial disease caused by interactions between multiple environmental and genetic factors. However, the causal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signature profile underlying the risk of familial NSCL/P still remains unknown. We previously reported a 5.7-Mb genomic region on chromosome 18q21.1 locus that potentially contributes to autosomal dominant, low-penetrance inheritance of NSCL/P. In the current study, we performed exome sequencing on 12 familial genomes (6 affected individuals, 2 obligate carriers, and 4 seemingly unaffected individuals) of a six-generation family to identify candidate SNPs associated with NSCL/P risk. Subsequently, targeted bidirectional DNA re-sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified high-risk regions of MYO5B gene and sequenom iPLEX genotpying of 29 candidate SNPs were performed on a larger set of 33 members of this NSCL/P family (10 affected + 4 obligate carriers + 19 unaffected relatives) to find SNPs significantly associated with NSCL/P trait. SNP versus NSCL/P association analysis showed the MYO5B SNP rs183559995 GA genotype had an odds ratio of 18.09 (95% Confidence Interval=1.86-176.34; gender-adjusted Pvalue=0.0019) compared to the reference GG genotype. Additionally, the following SNPs were also found significantly associated with NSCL/P risk: rs1450425 (LOXHD1), rs6507992 (SKA1), rs78950893 (SMAD7), rs8097060, rs17713847 (SCARNA17), rs6507872 (CTIF), rs8091995 (CTIF) and rs17715416 (MYO5B). We could thus identify mutations in several genes as key candidate SNPs associated with the risk of NSCL/P in this large multi-generation family.
Identifying optimal approaches to early termination in two‐stage biomarker validation studies

Summary Group sequential study designs have been proposed as an approach to conserve resources in biomarker validation studies. Typically, group sequential study designs allow both ‘early termination to reject the null hypothesis’ and ‘early termination for futility’ if there is evidence against the alternative hypothesis. In contrast, several researchers have advocated for using group sequential study designs that allow only early termination for futility in biomarker validation studies because of the desire to obtain a precise estimate of marker performance at study completion. This suggests a loss function that heavily weights the precision of the estimate that is obtained at study completion at the expense of an increased sample size when there is strong evidence against the null hypothesis. We propose a formal approach to comparing designs that allow early termination for futility, superiority or both by developing a loss function that incorporates the expected sample size under the null and alternative hypotheses, as well as the mean-squared error of the estimate that is obtained at study completion. We then use our loss function to compare several candidate designs and derive optimal two-stage designs for a recently reported validation study of a novel prostate cancer biomarker.
De geschiedenis van mijn (franks) tanden

Deze maand bestaat deze rubriek, Heynicks Hoek, precies twintig jaar. Toevallig heb ik nu twintig hele elementen – minder dan in oktober 1996 en nog veel minder dan in de decennia daarvoor.
Viral Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Respiratory viruses are a common cause of severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults. The advent of new diagnostic technologies, particularly multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, have increased the recognition of viral respiratory infections in critically ill adults. Supportive care for adults with ARDS caused by respiratory viruses is similar to the care of patients with ARDS from other causes. Although antiviral therapy is available for some respiratory viral infections, further research is needed to determine which groups of patients would benefit.
PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY AFTER TAVR IN A “REAL WORLD” SETTING

Background: Mortality after TAVR is influenced by co-morbidities. Registries lack data granularity and clinical trials may not be reflective of “real world” practice. We investigated predictors of mortality after TAVR for all patients treated at a single institution since 2011. Methods: After
Ralph J. Cicerone: His scientific legacy and a long friendship.

The discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole and anthropogenic climate change has thrust the atmospheric sciences into the forefront of scientific disciplines, and such findings routinely appear on the front pages of the media and on the desks of world leaders. Two events can be cited as examples of the ascendency of the atmospheric sciences. First was the award of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to three atmospheric chemists who performed pioneering work on the stability of the ozone layer. Second was the 2005 election of Ralph J. Cicerone as president of the esteemed National Academy of Sciences (NAS), which counts among its members the nation’s preeminent scientists in all of the primary scientific disciplines. Ralph also contributed to the award of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry through his seminal work with another young scientist, Richard Stolarski, in 1974 (1) on the stability of the ozone layer. With Stolarski, Ralph showed how chlorine radicals were catalytically destroying ozone molecules in the stratosphere. Indeed, the 1995 Nobel committee for the chemistry prize acknowledged the Cicerone–Stolarski discovery of chlorine catalysis.
A revised assessment of the CO2 storage capacity and enhanced oil recovery potential in the major oil fields of Ohio

ABSTRACT Two different approaches have been used to evaluate the potential for CO 2 geologic sequestration and CO 2 -assisted enhanced oil recovery in the major oil fields in Ohio: a volumetrics-based method, which uses field volumetric data to calculate CO 2 storage capacity, and a production-based method, which uses historical oil and gas production data to calculate CO 2 storage capacity. The fields were selected based on their historical importance as oil and gas producers as well as the availability of data in published sources. The storage capacity found using the production data–based methodology—878 million t—is believed to be more representative than that found using the volumetrics-based method because it uses actual production data to calculate void space for CO 2 storage rather than estimated efficiency factors. This estimated capacity is higher than previously reported values based on efficiency factors and is enough to support the storage of 25% of annual emissions from 45 of Ohio’s largest power plants for a period of 36 yr.
Progress in developing custom cubature rules for computational electromagnetics

Computational electromagnetics often requires the creation of quadrature and cubature rules beyond those found in the literature. In many situations rules are required for the accurate evaluation of integrals containing singularities; examples include 1/R singularities and singularities in the basis functions used to represent current or charge density at sharp edges and corners. Techniques for synthesizing quadrature rules involve the solution of nonlinear systems of equations. This presentation will describe recent progress as well as some of the challenges encountered by the authors in multidimensional quadrature rule synthesis.
A Mechanistically Credible, Poleward Shift in Warm-Season Precipitation Projected for the U.S. Southern Great Plains?

AbstractGlobal and regional climate model ensembles project that the annual cycle of rainfall over the southern Great Plains (SGP) will amplify by midcentury. Models indicate that warm-season precipitation will increase during the early spring wet season but shift north earlier in the season, intensifying late summer drying. Regional climate models (RCMs) project larger precipitation changes than their global climate model (GCM) counterparts. This is particularly true during the dry season. The credibility of the RCM projections is established by exploring the larger-scale dynamical and local land–atmosphere feedback processes that drive future changes in the simulations, that is, the responsible mechanisms or processes. In this case, it is found that out of 12 RCM simulations produced for the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP), the majority are mechanistically credible and consistent in the mean changes they are producing in the SGP. Both larger-scale dynamical processes ...
Assessment of the need for separate test set and number of medical images necessary for deep learning: a sub-sampling study

Deep learning algorithms have tremendous potential utility in the classification of biomedical images. For example, images acquired with retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to accurately classify patients with adult macular degeneration (AMD), and distinguish them from healthy control patients. However, previous research has suggested that large amounts of data are required in order to train deep learning algorithms, because of the large number of parameters that need to be fit. Here, we show that a moderate amount of data (data from approximately 1,800 patients) may be enough to reach close- to-maximal performance in the classification of AMD patients from OCT images. These results suggest that deep learning algorithms can be trained on moderate amounts of data, provided that images are relatively homogenous, and the effective number of parameters is sufficiently small. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in this application, cross-validation with a separate test set that is not used in any part of the training does not differ substantially from cross-validation with a validation data-set used to determine the optimal stopping point for training.
Perioperative Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Patient with Alagille Syndrome and Unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Case Report

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a genetic disorder associated with multisystem dysfunction involving the hepatic, cardiovascular, and neurologic systems. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), a congenital cardiac anomaly, is commonly found in these patients. Patients with ALGS may also have an increased risk of cerebrovascular abnormalities and bleeding. Ruptured cerebral aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be developed, increasing the incidence of morbidity and mortality. Advances in neuroimaging and neurosurgery have allowed early identification and treatment of such vascular abnormalities, improving patients' outcomes and reducing life-threatening complications such as intracranial bleeding. Authors describe the perioperative management of a patient with ALGS and TOF who was admitted to the emergency department due a ruptured intracranial aneurysm with concomitant SAH. Surgical treatment included diagnostic cerebral arteriography with coil embolization of a left posterior communicating artery aneurysm, and placement of right external ventricular drain (EVD). The combination of neuroprotective anesthetic techniques, fast emergence from anesthesia, and maintenance of intraoperative hemodynamic stability led to a successful perioperative management. A multidisciplinary approach in specialized centers is essential for the treatment of patients with SAH, especially in patients with ALGS and complex congenital heart disease such as TOF.
Virtual Pediatric Patient Activities With Randomized Scenarios as an Instructional Tool for Pharmacy Students.

OBJECTIVES To assess student pharmacist best activity scores and related exam question performance based on the number of pediatric virtual patient activity (VPA) attempts. METHODS A 40-point asthma VPA was implemented and included three possible randomized scenarios. A 60-point meningitis VPA was implemented and included three possible randomized scenarios followed by an additional three possible randomized scenarios only if the first scenario was correctly completed. Points were awarded in the VPA based on appropriateness of treatment decisions. Students were allowed unlimited VPA attempts individually and as a group in class. Three exam questions were based on a fourth scenario of each randomized portion of the VPAs. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and T-test were used for statistical comparisons when appropriate. RESULTS Of 132 students, median individual best asthma VPA scores were 15.25, 22, and 30 for those with 1, 2, and ≥3 asthma attempts, respectively (p < 0.001). Median individual...
Method Coherence and Epistemic Circularity

Reliabilism is an intuitive and attractive view about epistemic justification. However, it has many well-known problems. I offer a novel condition on reliabilist theories of justification. This method coherence condition requires that a method be appropriately tested by appeal to a subject’s other belief-forming methods. Adding this condition to reliabilism provides a solution to epistemic circularity worries, including the bootstrapping problem.
Thinking in space

Purpose This paper is an exploration of the potential impact of narrative writing and creative non-fiction on historical scholarship. Framed by the question of where a manuscript would be shelved in the library, this paper aims to survey the role of space, physical and metaphorical, in how we categorize, curate, cultivate and present narrative scholarship. Design/methodology/approach Using primary source material related to Newark stadium building and a broad-range scholarship concerning space, the author will place them in conversation with historian John Demos’ autobiographical narrative writing style. Findings The author hopes this paper furthers the conversation on the impact of narrative on scholarly writing and literacy. Originality/value By advancing this conversation, the author’s hope is that scholars will expand the possibilities of topics, sources, analysis, narrative styles and presentation of the information they both find and produce.
Women’s Empowerment and Nonprofit Sector Development:

This research makes two main contributions: (a) validates Themudo’s findings of a positive correlation between women’s empowerment and the development of the nonprofit sector by using different forms of empowerment and (b) suggests women’s empowerment causes nonprofit development, thus contributing to the formation of a gender theory. Using women’s economic empowerment by county (n = 3,428) and women’s state-level political empowerment (n = 50), the positive correlation between women’s empowerment, both economic and political, and nonprofit development is confirmed. Next, Granger causality tests (1975-2013, n = 39) suggest women’s political empowerment causes nonprofit development. These results provide insights for further research in nonprofit development and suggest that policies that increase women’s empowerment will also benefit the nonprofit sector.
Collaborating with our adult colleagues: A case series of robotic surgery for suspicious and cancerous lesions in children and young adults performed in a free-standing children's hospital

Summary Background In adult urologic oncology the use of robotics has become commonplace; in pediatric urology it is rare. Herein, we describe a collaboration between an adult and a pediatric urologist performing robotic surgery for children and young adults with suspicious or cancerous genitourinary (GU) lesions. Objectives To evaluate clinical and oncologic outcomes in children and young adults undergoing robotic surgery for suspicious or cancerous lesions of the GU tract; to describe our collaborative model between an adult and pediatric surgeon at a free-standing children's hospital. Design We retrospectively reviewed all robotic cases performed at our institution from 2014 to 2016 for patients with a GU malignancy or a suspicious mass. The surgeries were performed by a pediatric urologist with robotic experience and a fellowship-trained MIS adult urologist specializing in oncology. Perioperative and oncologic outcomes were recorded. Results A total of eight robotic cases were performed: four partial nephrectomies (PN) with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (LND) (OT 269–338 min, EBL 5–300 mL, LOS 3–6 days), one adrenalectomy with LND (6.4 cm mass; OT 172 min, EBL 5 mL, LOS 3 days), one nephrectomy with pericaval LND (9.8 cm mass; 234 min, EBL 25 mL, LOS 3 days), and two retroperitoneal LNDs (OT 572 and 508 min, EBL 250 and 100, LOS 3 and 4 days). Patient weights ranged from 14 to 79 kg (mean 53.4 kg). There were no major complications (Clavien 3–5). Pathology results for PN included papillary RCC (AJCC pT1aNx) and two cases of segmental cystic renal dysplasia with nephrogenic rests. Bilateral template RPLNDs yielded paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (43 nodes; COG low risk group II stage I) and mixed non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (74 nodes; COG stage III). The nephrectomy yielded an undifferentiated sarcoma, low grade; the adrenalectomy favorable-type ganglioneuroma. Discussion In pediatrics, urologic oncology cases are often managed with open surgery. Our series demonstrates the feasibility of using the robotic approach in carefully selected cases. In doing so, the patient benefits from a minimally invasive surgery, while the surgeon benefits from robotic surgical dexterity. We seamlessly advanced these new techniques through a step-wise collaboration between an adult urologist who routinely performs robotic oncology procedures and a pediatric urologist experienced in robotics for benign conditions. Conclusion In this small series, we safely and effectively adapted adult robotic techniques for genitourinary oncology cases in children and young adults. Download : Download high-res image (404KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . View of renal hilum during partial nephrectomy in a 14-kg girl.
Weed biological control in California, USA: review of the past and prospects for the future

Weed biological control in California, USA began in 1940 with the release of a native scale insect on native Opuntia spp. on Santa Cruz Island, just offshore from mainland California. Since then, a total 39 weed species have been targets of biological control releases in California. Releases on 11 weed targets were transfer experiments where agents from related weed hosts were released on a new host. Most of the transfer experiment introductions failed but one weed was successfully controlled. Of the other 28 weeds, release sites for three species were destroyed and for six species releases are too recent to score, but for 19 weeds, their level of control was rated as: complete control (three species), substantial control (five species), and partial (six species), and negligible control (five species). Overall, 42% of the projects provide successful control, a result lower than observed in other countries worldwide. Since 1940, 77 species of agents have been released: 54 species established, 12 species failed to establish, six species had their release sites destroyed, and five species are too early to determine. Establishment rate was 82% but the rate differed among taxonomic orders. Individual agents were scored according to level of impact on their host and Coleoptera obtained the highest average impact score and Diptera the lowest. Mean impact scores over time showed a substantial drop in the 1980s but later increased. Future research efforts that emphasize introduction of high impact agents will further support development of this critical weed control method for California.
Representation-Free Calculations in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

It was shown by Pauli that expectation values in relati- vistic quantum mechanics for spin-1/2 particles are independent of the representation chosen for the Dirac matrices. In this paper we extend and generalize the works of Eddington, Sauter, Riesz, and Teitler to show that these expectation values may be calculated without choosing any representation for the Dirac matrices. This is done by replacing the column spinor wave function by a square matrix to obtain an equation which is similar but not identical to the Dirac equation.. This new equation, invented by Sauter, provides a framework in which only the algebraic properties of the matrix operators and wave functions are needed for all calculations in relativistic quantum mechanics.
Transferrin gene expression. Regulation of mRNA transcription in chick liver by steroid hormones and iron deficiency.

scription in vitro in the presence of (CU-~~P)UTP. The 32P transcripts then were hybridized to immobilized recom- binant DNA containing the double-stranded transferrin cDNA sequence. Transcripts from control liver nuclei contained 0.009% transferrin mRNA; iron deficiency and estrogen treatment caused an increase in the rate of transferrin mRNA synthesis of 1.5- and 2-fold, re- spectively. These increases in the transcriptional activ- ity of the transferrin gene were accompanied by in- creases in the cellular level of transferrin mRNA, the rate of transferrin synthesis, and the concentration of serum transferrin. The combined treatment of iron de- ficiency and estrogen resulted in a synergistic response in all parameters of transferrin induction, including the rate of transferrin mRNA synthesis which increased 3.2-fold to 0.029% of total RNA synthesis. Although estrogen stimulation leads to a 40% decrease in liver non-heme iron, the estrogen-mediated induction of transferrin mRNA was not blocked when liver iron was maintained at high levels with injected ferritin. These results suggest that iron deficiency and estrogen inter- act with the liver transferrin gene through separate regulatory mechanisms. The transferrin gene is also expressed in oviduct and we compare and discuss the tissue-specific response of this gene to iron and steroid hormones.
Ten – Memory Aging

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the current status of description and explanation of age trends for various forms of memory. Strong evidence suggests that age-related dissociations in memory functions and findings are consistent with the recollection–familiarity distinction and with multiple systems models of memory. This general pattern implicates the importance of examining age–memory relationships in terms of the neural substrates most affected by aging, especially regions of the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe, and their mappings to regions engaged by the task domain and response requirements. At the macro-level, a large portion of the age variance observed in memory performance is attributable to task-general effects of slowing, which add overhead to any speeded measures of responding. At a more micro-level, questions arise regarding the aging of specific cognitive processes and specific neurocognitive mechanisms that reliably account for behavioral data on memory aging.
Computing for the non C.S. major

What knowledge about computer science should the general student know? What are some different approaches to this area? The panel members will present what is happening at their institutions (which will include some innovative ideas) and then discuss the issue with the attendees.
Surgical Intervention for Cauda Equina Syndrome in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy: A Report of Three Cases.

Case Low back pain affects >50% of pregnant women. However, cauda equina syndrome (CES) during pregnancy is rare. Because a delay in treatment increases the risk of irreversible neurologic damage, acute onset is regarded as a surgical emergency. We describe 3 cases of CES in pregnant women at 24, 27, and 30 weeks' gestation, respectively. Conclusion All 3 of the patients underwent surgical decompression in the prone position under general anesthesia with continuous external monitoring of the fetal heart rate. Intraoperative findings were noteworthy for epidural venous plexus engorgement in 2 of the patients. There were no complications for the patients or the fetuses, and all 3 of the patients had postoperative resolution of the neurologic symptoms.
Annals On Call - Understanding Gout Pathophysiology

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the pathophysiology of gout and the prevention and treatment of gout attacks with Dr. Angelo Gaffo, Rheumatology Section Chief at University ...
Investigation of manufacturing parameters for copper-wound super-coiled polymer actuators

Monofilament Super-Coiled Polymer artificial muscles (SCPs) can be manufactured by twisting nylon filaments until a tight helical coil is formed. A recent advancement involves manufacturing copper-wound SCPs, which can be actuated using electric Joule heating. This paper describes the implementation of an apparatus to manufacture copper-wound SCPs. This apparatus also allows for variation and control of several manufacturing parameters of the SCPs. Using this apparatus, SCP specimens were manufactured with various combinations of these parameter values. The performance of these specimens was then experimentally characterized in order to optimize the strain, contraction time, and efficiency of the SCPs.
Lung tissue characterization for emphysema differential diagnosis using deep convolutional neural networks

In this study, we propose and validate an end-to-end pipeline based on deep learning for differential diagnosis of emphysema in thoracic CT images. The five lung tissue patterns involved in most differential restrictive and obstructive lung disease diagnoses include: emphysema, ground glass, fibrosis, micronodule, and normal. Four established network architectures have been trained and evaluated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive end-to-end deep CNN pipeline for differential diagnosis of emphysema. A comparative analysis shows the performance of the proposed models on two publicly available datasets.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Monodentate Phosphine Ligands Based on Chiral η6-Cr[arene] Templates

Optically active Cr-complexed arylphosphines are presented as a new class of chiral monodentate phosphine ligand for use in asymmetric catalysis. Asymmetric synthesis of the chiral phosphine ligands 9 is achieved in three steps from the achiral Cr[arene] precursor 3. A variety of ligand structures are accessed from a common synthesis intermediate. The utility of these phosphine ligands in asymmetric catalysis is highlighted in Pd(II)-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions.
Foundations of Large-Scale Sequential Experimentation

Large-scale sequential hypothesis testing (A/B-testing) is rampant in the tech industry, with internet companies running hundreds of thousands of tests per year. This experimentation is actually "doubly-sequential", since it consists of a sequence of sequential experiments. In this tutorial, the audience will learn about the various problems encountered in large-scale, asynchronous, doubly-sequential experimentation, both for the inner sequential process (a single sequential test) and for the outer sequential process (the sequence of tests), and learn about recently developed principles to tackle these problems. We will discuss error metrics both within and across experiments, and present state-of-the-art methods that provably control these errors, both with and without resorting to parametric or asymptotic assumptions. In particular, we will demonstrate how current common practices of peeking and marginal testing fail to control errors both within and across experiments, but how these can be alleviated using simple yet nuanced changes to the experimentation setup. We will also briefly discuss the role of multi-armed bandit methods for testing hypotheses (as opposed to minimizing regret), and the potential pitfalls due to selection bias introduced by adaptive sampling. This tutorial is timely because while almost every single internet company runs such tests, most practitioners in the tech industry focus mainly on how to run a single test correctly. However, ignoring the interplay with the outer sequential process could unknowingly inflate the number of false discoveries, as we will carefully explain in the second half of the tutorial.
Incorporating bicycling demand into pavement management systems for convenient bikeway networks

Several cities around the world have announced strategies to extend and (or) upgrade their bikeway networks in response to the rapid increase of bicycle users. However, there is a disconnection bet...