cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive search for multi-class targets with heterogeneous importance

In sparse target detection problems, it has been shown that significant gains can be achieved by adaptive sensing. We generalize previous work on adaptive sensing to (a) include targets of multiple classes with different levels of mission importance and (b) account for multiple sensor models. New optimization policies are developed to simultaneously locate, classify and estimate a sparse number of targets with limited resource budget. More specifically, three sensor models are considered: global adaptive (GA) sensor that allocates different amounts of resource to each location in the space; global uniform (GU) sensor that allocates resources uniformly across the scene; and local adaptive (LA) sensor that allocates fixed amount of resources to a subset of locations. Based on the sensor model, we propose 3 policies: GA policy that uses a GA sensor; LA policy that uses only LA sensor; and GU/LA policy that uses a mixture of GU and LA sensors. The performances of proposed policies with these sensor models are compared numerically with a baseline policy that allocates resources uniformly and an oracle policy with known target locations. Results indicate that the GA policy performs closely to the oracle policy with sufficient resources, and the GU/LA policy performs similarly to that the GA policy but it is cheaper and more easily implementable.
Participatory Medicine: Leveraging Social Networks in Telehealth Solutions

Advancements in telehealth technologies offer health care providers and medical practitioners ever expanding solutions to improve the quality and timeliness of care. As the use of technology increases, corresponding attention needs to be given to bringing care providers closer to their patients. Extended networks of family, friends and healthcare professionals are integral to a successful care plan. Service oriented architectures and Web 2.0 technologies offer an effective approach to integrating telehealth solutions with social networks to create a new and innovative approach for offering patient centric care. These combined solutions offer the patient and the people who form their primary and extended care networks, a means to communicate, interact and adapt as needs and situations change. Enabling new and creative applications will improve the ability for medical professionals to deliver quality care by combining clinical data with a patient's own "network effect".
Evaluation of the mechanism of some physical effects of lasers on tissue.

Abstract : The purpose of these studies was to determine whether there is any significant hazard to man accidentally exposed to a laser beam striking elsewhere than the eyes. This work concerns acute injury, of surgical significance, without consideration of long-term effects. The maximum energy density tested was about 7000 joules/2 milliseconds in a .48 cm spot size, obtained with a neodymium-doped glass laser rod. A 'Q-spoil' laser delivering about 3 joules with about 10,000,000 watts maximum peak power were also used. Both 'thermal' and 'pressure' effects were tested, the former being more marked in the 'long-pulse' mode and the later in the short-pulse. As can be predicted from known physical principles, despite intense effects at the point of 'impact, ' all of these are so rapidly attenuated on passage through tissue that, except possibly in the eye, no surgically significant damage to intact large animals or man should be expected following accidental exposure to laser.
Educating Prosecutors and Supreme Court Justices About Brady v. Maryland

The author reviews the Supreme Court decision in Connick v. Thompson and provides a course outline, including problems, for training prosecutors on their duty to disclose materially favorable evidence to the defendant under Brady v. Maryland.
Limit on Im ( C S C A * ) from a Test of T Invariance in Ne 19 Beta Decay

An investigation of the time-reversal-odd angular correlation $\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}(\stackrel{^}{J}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{p}}}{E})$ in $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is reported. In this correlation, $\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$, $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{p}}$, and $E$ are the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ spin, momentum, and energy, respectively, and $\stackrel{^}{J}$ is the initial $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ spin. The sample was polarized by an atomic beam method and the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ polarization was measured with four Mott-scattering polarimeters. The magnitude $R$ of the angular correlation is found to be -0.079 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.053, consistent with timereversal invariance. This result also implies $\mathrm{Im}({C}_{S}{{C}_{A}}^{*})=0.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13$.
Sustainable product and material end-of-life management: an approach for evaluating alternatives

Alternatives for management of products and materials at end-of-life include recovery of the product for re-use, recycling of the material content only, and responsible disposal. Choices are affected greatly by the mix of products, recovery technologies, and economics, and must be evaluated from the perspective of not only environmental impact but also sustainability. The Sustainability Target Method (STM) links the economic value of a product with its environmental impact to provide a practical business criterion for sustainability. Extension of the STM to the product end-of-life stage provides basic criteria for evaluating end-of-life options. The recovery effectiveness, /spl eta/ and improvement factor, F express the extent to which product recovery offsets total environmental impact and approaches sustainability. The method offers a solution to some practical LCA issues. Application is demonstrated for basic materials recovery.
The Benefit of a Single-Leg Strength Training Program For the Muscles Around the Untrained Ankle A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

Severe ankle injuries can require extended periods of immobilization that adversely affect the strength of the ankle muscles. We have investigated a single-leg strength training program of the muscles surrounding the ankle to determine if it produces a crossover benefit for the contralateral ankle muscles. Twenty subjects without any history of ankle injuries were randomly divided into a control and a training group. Both groups underwent isokinetic testing of the ankle muscles at the beginning and end of an 8-week period. The control group maintained normal activities between the tests. Half of the training group trained the dominant leg only and the other half trained the nondominant leg only for the 8-week period, three times per week. The subjects who trained the dominant leg improved peak torque values by 8.5% in the trained leg and 1.5% in the untrained leg. Similarly, the subjects who trained the nondominant leg improved peak torque values by 9.3% in the trained leg and 3.5% in the untrained leg. In contrast, the control group showed no significant change in peak torque, power, or endurance between the initial and final tests. With improvements in peak torque as high as 40% in the trained leg and a crossover benefit of 19% in the untrained leg in eccentric inversion, this strength training technique deserves further investigation in an injured population where the benefits may be more substantial.
Identification of hydrologic indicators related to fish diversity and abundance: A data mining approach for fish community analysis

[1] This paper develops a new approach to identify hydrologic indicators related to fish community and generate a quantitative function between an ecological target index and the identified hydrologic indicators. The approach is based on genetic programming (GP), a data mining method. Using the Shannon Index (a fish community diversity index) or the number of individuals (total abundance) of a fish community, as an ecological target, the GP identified the most ecologically relevant hydrologic indicators (ERHIs) from 32 indicators of hydrologic alteration, for the case study site, the upper Illinois River. Robustness analysis showed that different GP runs found a similar set of ERHIs; each of the identified ERHI from different GP runs had a consistent relationship with the target index. By comparing the GP results with those from principal component analysis and autecology matrix, the three approaches identified a small number (six) of common ERHIs. Particularly, the timing of low flow (Dmin) seems to be more relevant to the diversity of the fish community, while the magnitude of the low flow (Qb) is more relevant to the total fish abundance; large rising rates result in a significant improvement of fish diversity, which is counterintuitive and against previous findings. The quantitative function developed by GP was further used to construct an indicator impact matrix (IIM), which was demonstrated as a potentially useful tool for streamflow restoration design.
Hypothermia is associated with poor outcome in pediatric trauma patients.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine if hypothermia in pediatric trauma patients is associated with increased mortality. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of level 1 trauma patients aged 3 months to 17 years who presented between September 2006 and March 2008. We analyzed data for patients with temperatures recorded within 30 minutes of arrival to the pediatric emergency department. Logistic regression models were used to test for associations of hypothermia with death while adjusting for mode of transport, season of year, and presence of intracranial pathology as documented by an abnormal head computed tomographic scan. RESULTS: Of the 226 level 1 trauma patients presenting during the study period, 190 met inclusion criteria. Twenty-one patients (11%) died. The odds ratio (OR) of a hypothermic patient dying was 9.2 times that of a normothermic patient when adjusting for seasonal variation (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-26.2; P Language: en
Sonochemical extraction and biological treatment of pentachlorophenol contaminated wood

Abstract More than 450 million cubic feet of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treated wood products are discarded in municipal landfills or burned in power generating plants in the USA alone. The reported carcinogenicity of PCP is expected to result in more stringent controls and limit the disposal options of PCP treated wood. A treatment process has been developed in the laboratory scale to decontaminate PCP treated wood. In the first step of this process, the wood is chipped into small pieces. Then PCP is extracted using commercial grade ethanol. A three-step counter-current extraction under sonication removes more than 99% of the PCP from wood. In the next step, the remaining PCP is biodegraded utilizing a two stage bioreactor containing a white rot fungus. The PCP concentration in wood decreases to below detection limit (
Reliability simulator for improving IC manufacturability

A Monte-Carlo reliability simulator for integrated circuits that incorporates the effects of process-flaws, material properties, the mask layout and use-conditions for interconnects is presented. The mask layout is decomposed into distinct objects, such as contiguous metal runs, vias and contacts, for which user-defined cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) are used for determining the probability of failure. These cdfs are represented using a mixture of defect- related and wearout-related distributions. The failure distributions for nets, which are sets of interconnected layout objects, are obtained by combining the distributions of their component objects. System reliability is obtained by applying control variate sampling to the reliability network which is comprised of all nets. The effects of series, parallel and k-out-of-n substructures within the reliability network are accounted for. A Bayesian approach to incorporating burn-in data with simulated estimates is also presented. A program that interfaces directly with commercially used CAD software has been implemented. Results provide a qualitative verification of the methodology and show that predictions which incorporate failures due to process flaws are significantly more pessimistic than those obtained by following current practice.
Alcohol intolerance associated with Hodgkin lymphoma

A 31-year-old man presented to our clinic with severe chest pain that began minutes after ingesting 2–3 sips of alcohol. This reaction had been occurring for the previous 3 months. The patient felt no pain when swallowing other liquids or solids, and his pain was relieved with low doses (400–600
Enriched H2, CH4, and 3He concentrations in hydrothermal plumes associated with the 1996 Gorda Ridge eruptive event

Abstract The rapid field response in March and April 1996 to diking-eruptive events on the Northern Gorda Ridge allowed the first detailed co-measurement of 3 He, H 2 , and CH 4 in plumes associated with a submarine eruption, and examination of the chemical transformation of these volatile species during aging of the plumes. The diking-eruptive event generated extensive event plumes with a low 3 He/heat ratio of ∼0.4×10 -12 cm 3 STP gm -1 °C -1 , while chronic plumes had 3 He/heat ratios of 2.1–6.2×10 -12 cm 3 STP gm -1 °C -1 . Hydrogen concentrations in the initial event plume (EP96A) reached a maximum value of 47 nM, 235 times that of ocean background concentration (0.2 nM). In contrast, roughly one month later H 2 concentrations, although still elevated, had drastically dropped to 40 times background values. Methane concentrations in both event and chronic plume fluids were also elevated and similar to stable hydrothermal systems in unsedimented ridge environments, reaching a maximum value of 7 nM. The intense rapid interaction at very high temperatures of hydrothermal fluids with the host rock during dike intrusion or with seawater during extrusion of the basalt likely generated high, localized concentrations of H 2 . The data indicate, however, that maximum rates of H 2 production during event plume formation could have lasted a few days at most.
Family Nutrition Program Assistants' Perception of Farmers' Markets, Alternative Agricultural Practices, and Diet Quality

Abstract Objective To explore Family Nutrition Program assistants' perception of farmers' markets and alternative agricultural practices for themselves and their clients. Methods Cross-section design, survey of Virginia Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (NEP) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program–Education Family Nutrition Program assistants (n = 52) working with limited-resource populations. Results Twenty-one percent to 55% of FNP assistants valued alternative agricultural practices, and only 5% to 8% of FNP assistants perceived that their clients did so. Benefits to shopping at farmers' markets included supporting local economies, and food price, quality, and safety. Barriers included lack of transportation, location/convenience, hours, and food prices. Assistants rated the benefits to shopping at farmers' markets similarly for themselves and their clients, but rated many of the barriers to shopping at farmers' markets as significantly lower (P Conclusions and Implications Future assistant trainings should address the connection between agriculture and health, and how to overcome barriers to shopping at farmers' markets for their clients.
Uterine contraction in the development of Möbius syndrome.

We report a patient with Mobius syndrome. The birth defect in this child is probably the result of both vasoconstriction and uterine contractions brought on by ergotamine taken during the sixth week of pregnancy. We propose that vasoconstrictive or mechanical effects, or both, of abortifacient drugs such as ergotamine and misoprostol may account for other cases of Mobius syndrome, and we suggest that uterine contraction from any cause, at about the sixth or seventh week of pregnancy, may cause this birth defect. Further observational studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.
Characterization of linewidth variation on 248- and 193-nm exposure tools

The line-width variation of a 193 nm lithographic process utilizing a 0.60 NA scanner and a binary reticle is compared to that of a 248 nm lithographic processes utilizing a 0.68 NA scanner and a variety of reticle technologies. These include binary, attenuated PSM with assist features and alternating PSM reticles. Despite the fact that the 193 nm tool has a lower NA and that the data was generated using a binary reticle, the 193 nm lithographic process allows for the line-width values to be pushed lower than previously achieved with 248 nm lithographic processes. The 3-sigma values from 4000 electrical linewidth measurements per wafer (160 measurements per 25*25 mm field, 25 fields per wafer) were calculated for different mask features. The 193 nm process was capable of reaching line-widths needed for future generations of advance logic chips. Compared to the 193 nm process utilizing a binary reticle, only the 248 nm processes utilizing either an attenuated PSM with assist features or an alternating PSM reticle had similarly low line-width variation. The 248 nm processes utilizing a binary reticle had higher line-width variation even at larger poly gate conductor line-widths.
Relationship between stage of follicular development and RNA synthesis in the mouse oocyte.

Abstract Hybrid female mice (101 × C 3 H) were injected intraperitoneally with 75 μC of [ 3 H]uridine and killed at intervals ranging from 15 min to 15 days. Autoradiographs of 3 μ sections revealed rapid nucleolar and nuclear labeling with subsequent transfer of label to the cytoplasm in growing oocytes. Uptake of [ 3 H]uridine ceased at about the time of antrum formation; oocytes with a well-developed antrum showed no [ 3 H]uridine incorporation. Labeling was removed by RNAase + cold TCA, and it was assumed that [ 3 H]-uridine incorporation represented synthesis of ribosomal and messenger RNA which was stored in the cytoplasm in preparation for subsequent cleavage. The marked changes in RNA synthesis during growth of the oocyte are considered as an indicator of general metabolic activity, and the possible relationships to stage differences in sensitivity to radiation-induced cell killing and mutation are discussed.
Growth of bismuth titanate films by chemical vapor deposition and chemical solution deposition

Abstract Bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) was grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical solution deposition (CSD). The BIT films were grown by CVD, with triphenylbismuth and titanium isopropoxide. BIT films were fabricated by CSD using a solution prepared with bismuth ethylhexanoate and titanium butoxyethoxide dissolved in butoxyethanol. What is readily apparent in both CVD and CSD BIT films, is that composition plays a dominant role in determining not only phase purity but texturing as well and that a small composition variation can lead to dramatic changes in phase purity, orientation and electrical properties. In the CVD BIT films composition was controlled by changing the growth temperature. In the CSD BIT films composition was controlled by changing the solution composition. CVD BIT films crystallized at lower temperatures with better crystallinity and greater c-axis texturing than the CSD BIT films at comparable Bi/Ti composition. For both CVD and CSD, titanium rich films contained a m...
Temporal scaling of interfaces propagating in porous media

lation function C(t) using a constant driving force. We find C(t) � t � , with � = 0.56 ± 0.03, and provide the first experimental evidence for driving force independent temporal scaling behavior of a propagating wetting front in the presence of quenched noise. We interpret the value ofin terms of the possibility that the dynamics may be governed by nonvanishing non-linearity due to anisotropic depinning. The growth of rough surfaces and interfaces under far- from-equilibrium conditions is a common phenomenon in nature (1). Examples include such processes as vapor deposition, crystallization, thin film growth by atomic beams, settling of granular materials, and fluid flow in porous media. The fluctuations of the interface height h(x, t) can be characterized either by their standard de- viation σ(l, t), or by the height-height correlation func- tion C(l, t) ≡ (h ( ˜(l + x, t + τ) − ˜(x, τ)) 2 i x,�) 1/2 , where ˜(x, τ) ≡ h(x, τ) − h h(x, τ)i x. The common belief is that σ(l, t) and C(l, t) exhibit the same general statis- tical properties. Particularly useful is the Family-Vicsek dynamic scal- ing hypothesis (2),
Interaction of the α-2 adrenergic- and opioid receptor with the cGMP system in the mouse cerebellum

The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex), 3-300 microg/kg, i.p., decreased cerebellar cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. Fentanyl (F), an opioid agonist, increased cerebellar cGMP at 0.3 mg/kg, s.c., and decreased it at doses >/=1 mg/kg. The inhibitory effect was receptor specific, that of Dex being blocked by the alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist yohimbine, 5 mg/kg, i.p.; that of F by the opioid antagonist naloxone, 5 mg/kg, i.p. In contrast the stimulatory effect of F was blocked by both naloxone and yohimbine. Yohimbine also enhanced the inhibitory effect of F. In mice pretreated with pertussis toxin, 2 microgram/mouse, given i.c.v. 72 h before the agonists, the decrease in cGMP induced by Dex or F was not affected, while the stimulatory effect of F was reversed to an inhibitory effect. When inhibiting doses of F and Dex were administered together, the cGMP response was smaller than the sum of the individual responses. Dex attenuated in a dose-dependent manner the decrease in cGMP induced by F, and unmasked or enhanced the stimulatory effect of F. These results show that the alpha-2 adrenergic- and opioid-receptors are coupled to the cGMP effector system and suggest that the two pathways converge at a common post-receptor site in the cascade of events transducing the receptor signal to cGMP regulation.
Toward a service-oriented growth strategy

Abstract This article suggests that the linkage between industrial modernization and significant service sector employment gains has not been adequately considered and that such consideration might lead to a re-evaluation of the labour absorption argument which calls for more ‘appropriate’ technologies with higher labour intensity. This paper reviews the literature on labour absorption and appropriate technology. It then examines the experience of the service sector in both DCs and LDCs. The key relationships between the service sector and the economy are then developed, leading up to possible implications for LDC growth strategies.
Altered Properties of the Branched Chain Amino Acid-preferring Activity Contribute to Increased Cleavages after Branched Chain Residues by the “Immunoproteasome”

The multicatalytic proteinase complex (MPC, proteasome) is assembled from 14 nonidentical protein subunits. It expresses five distinct proteolytic activities, including a chymotrypsin-like activity, cleaving after hydrophobic residues, and a branched chain amino acid-preferring component (BrAAP), cleaving preferentially after branched chain residues. Exposure of cells to interferons leads to replacement of the X, Y, and Z subunits by the LMP2, LMP7, and MECL1 subunits. This "immunoproteasome" is critical to processing of certain antigens. The enzymatic basis for enhanced antigen processing has not been determined. To gain insight into this question, we examined sites and relative rates of cleavage of bonds in denatured, reduced, carboxyamidomethylated lysozyme, a 129-amino acid protein, by MPC from bovine spleen, in which the X, Y, and Z subunits are replaced by LMP2, LMP7, and MECL1. We compared cleavages to those catalyzed by MPC from bovine pituitary, which contains only the X, Y, and Z subunits. We found marked increases in the rates and number of cleavages after branched chain residues in reduced, carboxyamidomethylated lysozyme by the spleen MPC. This was largely due to accelerated cleavages of bonds after a Phi-X-Br motif, where Phi is a hydrophobic residue, X is a small neutral or polar residue, and Br is a branched chain residue. Inhibitors with these structural properties were selective and potent inhibitors of the BrAAP activity of the spleen MPC. The above findings indicate that alterations in activity and substrate specificity of the BrAAP activity are important factors underlying the altered cleavages after hydrophobic residues associated with incorporation of interferon-inducible subunits. The potential relevance of the findings to antigen processing functions of MPC is discussed.
Comment on “Speculations on the Future of Advertising Research”

Abstract David Stewart's “Speculations…” are based on the existence of a crisis in advertising. This comment takes a contrary position, premised on the derived and cyclical nature of advertising demand.
Distance to the convex hull of an orbit under the action of a compact Lie group

For a real vector space V acted on by a group K and fixed x and y in V , we consider the problem of finding the minimum (resp., maximum) distance, relative to a Kinvariant convex function on V , between x and elements of the convex hull of the K-orbit of y. We solve this problem in the case where V is a Euclidean space and K is a finite reflection group acting on V . Then we use this result to obtain an analogous result in the case where K is a maximal compact subgroup of a reductive group G with adjoint action on the vector component p of a Cartan decomposition of Lie G. Our results generalize results of Li and Tsing and of Cheng concerning distances to the convex hulls of matrix orbits.
Über die Herstellung von Bis-phosphinigsäureestern und anderer Bis-phosphorverbindungen

Aus bifunktionellen aliphatischen Grignard-Verbindungen und Phosphonigsaure-esterchlorien werden Oligomethylen-bis-phosphinigsaureester, aus p-Phenylen-dilithium und Dimtehylamino-chlorphosphenin P.P′-Bis-[dimethylamino]-p-phenylen-diphosphine gewonnen, deren Athanolyse zu p-Phenylen-bis-phosphiniten fuhrt. – Die Chlorierung sekundarer Benzyl- und p-Xylylen-bis-phosphinite waren nicht rein erhaltlich. Als Zwischenverbindungen bzw. Modellsubstanzen werden einige neue sekundare Phosphine und Diphosphine, Chlorphosphine und Bis-chlorphosphine, Bis-dimethylaminophosphine, Phos-phinsaureester und Bis-phosphinsaureester hergestellt. Ferner werden Benzyl-phosphinigsaureester, bis-tertiare und erstmalig bis-sekundare Phosphinoxide erhalten.
Political economy of agricultural policy

In this article, I focus on the findings from this study on the political economy of agricultural policy as they inform questions about the political economy of agricultural pricing, primarily but not exclusively in developing countries. To do so, first I provide some background data on the comparative study. I sketch the various stylized facts that were believed at the time, and contrast them with the regularities that emerged from the comparative study. Finally, I indicate some of the systematic empirical regularities and suggest the political economy conclusions which emerge from them.
The Dust Bowl as place to Western Kansas women

Abstract Perceptions of a region, or its environment, have long been a concern of geographers. This study focuses on the perceptions Northwest Kansas women have about that region as a place during the Dust Bowl. This qualitative study uses the oral history method of data acquisition. Interviews were conducted with women who resided in Northwest Kansas during this era. The women candidly discussed their feelings and recollections about life during this period. Pride in their family and their contributions to the preservation of their farms and homes was a recurring thread throughout the interviews.
Serotonin-induced contraction in canine coronary artery and saphenous vein: role of a 5-HT1D-like receptor.

Abstract The identity of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor(s) that mediate(s) contraction in canine coronary artery and saphenous vein remains controversial. Ring segments of endothelium-denuded coronary artery and helical strips of saphenous vein were suspended in organ chambers for measurement of isometric force. 5-HT, αMe-5-HT and sumatriptan contracted both coronary artery and saphenous vein and the non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist 1-naphthylpiperazine (100nM) blocked 5-HT-and sumatriptan-induced contraction in both tissues. The agonist rank order potency for contraction (5-HT>sumatriptan>αMe5-HT>5-MeOT>5-MeT) was similar in both tissues and was consistent with that for a 5-HT 1D receptor. Oligonucleotide primers specific for the 5-HT 1D receptor sequence were designed for use in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). cDNA derived from total RNA or mRNA from canine tissues was used in the PCR. PCR resulted in the amplification of a 632 base pair sequence in both canine coronary artery and saphenous vein; consistent with that expected for the 5-HT 1D receptor. Southern blot analysis, with an oligonucleotide probe internal to the sequence amplified by the PCR primers, confirmed that the sequence amplified by PCR was the 5-HT 1D receptor. Thus, the 5-HT 1D receptor is expressed in canine coronary artery and saphenous vein and taken together with the pharmacological data, supports the possibility that a 5-HT 1D-like receptor mediates contraction in these two tissues.
Interfacial Electron Transfer to the Zeolite-Encapsulated Methylviologen Acceptor from Various Carbonylmanganate Donors. Shape Selectivity of Cations in Mediating Electron Conduction through the Zeolite Framework

The series of (one-electron) reductions of methylviologen (MV2+) intercalated into zeolite-Y by various carbonylmanganate donors [C+Mn(CO)4L-, L = CO, P(OPh)3] are very selective and highly depende...
A method for a radioimmunoassay using microtiter plates allowing simultaneous determination of antibodies to two non cross-reactive antigens.

Abstract A triple isotype (22Na,131I,125I) radioimmunoassay method employing microtiter plates and specially designed disposable paperware has been devised. This procedure allows the determination of antibodies to two non cross-reactive antigens simultaneously on large numbers of samples.
Hospital compliance with a state unfunded mandate: the case of California's Earthquake Safety Law.

Abstract In recent years, community hospitals have experienced heightened regulation with many unfunded mandates. The authors assessed the market, organizational, operational, and financial characteristics of general acute care hospitals in California that have a main acute care hospital building that is noncompliant with state requirements and at risk of major structural collapse from earthquakes. Using California hospital data from 2007 to 2009, and employing logistic regression analysis, the authors found that hospitals having buildings that are at the highest risk of collapse are located in larger population markets, possess smaller market share, have a higher percentage of Medicaid patients, and have less liquidity.
Laser beam profile shaping with interlaced binary diffraction gratings.

A new CO2 laser beam profile shaper was designed and tested. With high-power efficiency, it transforms a fundamental mode laser beam profile into a flattop profile at a focal plane. The shaper uses an interlaced binary diffraction grating that modulates the E field both in phase and amplitude and generates an apodized and clipped sinc(x) distribution in the object plane.
A case study of scientists' opinions about the regulations of their work: opinions of the members of the Society for Psychophysiological Research about the regulation of biofeedback research and technology.

A survey of members of the Society for Psychophysiological Research showed that most members responding foresaw both applications and problems associated with the development of biofeedback research and technology. It also showed that most respondents would not favor legislation regulating biofeedback work or public monitoring of it, but would favor public involvement in decision making in the face of its misuse. Although there was a consensus that biofeedback's treatment in the media is too sensationalistic, opinion was divided between those advocating less publicity as a remedy and those advocating improved working relations with the press and better educating the public. Age, source of research funds, and professional orientation were significantly related to respondents' opinions more than other background and work context variables. These relationships are discussed.
Descriptive epidemiology of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in the United States, 1973 to 2002

Background The epidemiology of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) has not been studied in detail. Objective We sought to describe patterns of DFSP incidence and survival in the United States. Methods Data were obtained from 9 population-based cancer registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 1973 to 2002. Results DFSP overall annual incidence was 4.2 per million. Incidence increased by 43% (3.1-4.4 per million per year) during the study period, but this increase was restricted to whites. Annual incidence among blacks (6.5 per million) was almost double the incidence among whites (3.9 per million; P P = .052, 95% confidence interval of difference –0.002 to 0.60), except among the elderly. Relative 5-year survival was 99.2% (95% confidence interval 98.3-100%). Limitations The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program lacks independent verification of diagnoses and case detail. Conclusions The racial differences in the incidence of DFSP are significant, and the cause is unknown. Previous literature had suggested that men were more frequently affected, which was not true in our data. The tumor rarely results in death. Epidemiologic investigation using population-based data is important to better understand this disorder.
THE PROBABILITY APPROACH TO GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM WITH PRODUCTION

We develop an alternative approach to the general equilibrium analysis of a stochastic production economy when firms’ choices of investment influence the probability distributions of their output. Using a normative approach we derive the criterion that a firm should maximize to obtain a Pareto optimal equilibrium: the criterion expresses the firm’s contribution to the expected social utility of output, and is not the linear criterion of market value. If firms do not know agents utility functions, and are restricted to using the information conveyed by prices then they can construct an approximate criterion which leads to a second-best choice of investment which, in examples, is found to be close to the first best.
A survey of dissolved barium in the estuaries of major Arctic rivers and adjacent seas

Analyses for dissolved Ba have been performed on water samples obtained from the estuaries of major Arctic rivers and adjacent seas between 1993 and 1996. Complex behavior was observed in the mixing zones between fluvial and oceanic waters. In these areas, riverine dissolved Ba signals were altered by mixing with different shelf water masses and by non-conservative processes such as uptake in association with biological activity and desorption from suspended riverine particles. Despite this complexity, dissolved Ba concentrations [Bad] measured in samples associated with the Mackenzie River (138–574 nmol L-1) were clearly much higher than those measured in samples associated with any of the Eurasian Arctic rivers (12–175 nmol L-1). While the [Bad] signatures of Arctic rivers are subject to temporal and seasonal variability, such variability appears to be much smaller than the overall difference between [Bad] in the Mackenzie River and Eurasian Arctic rivers. These results suggest that Ba can be used to distinguish between North American and Eurasian components of fluvial discharge to the Arctic and thus provide information not available from other oceanographic tracers currently in use.
N-Terminal T4 Lysozyme Fusion Facilitates Crystallization of a G Protein Coupled Receptor

A highly crystallizable T4 lysozyme (T4L) was fused to the N-terminus of the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) for catecholamines. We demonstrate that the N-terminal fused T4L is sufficiently rigid relative to the receptor to facilitate crystallogenesis without thermostabilizing mutations or the use of a stabilizing antibody, G protein, or protein fused to the 3rd intracellular loop. This approach adds to the protein engineering strategies that enable crystallographic studies of GPCRs alone or in complex with a signaling partner.
On the transmission of the energy in an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic wave into a conducting solid

Abstract The laws of reflection and refraction of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plane waves at a plane interface S separating a finitely conducting solid and an inviscid, perfectly conducting fluid embedded in a constant and uniform magnetic field H0 are discussed in Skiles (1972). The present paper continues this discussion and examines amplitude relations and energy reflection and transmission coefficients. An MHD wave polarized either perpendicular or parallel to the plane of incidence retains that polarization upon reflection and refraction. While the energy flux vector and the electromagnetic Poynting vector E × H0 are identical in the solid, the energy flux in the fluid includes a mechanical contribution pv in addition to E × H0. The energy associated with an MHD wave of arbitrary linear polarization flows along H0 and is the sum of the energies in the component perpendicular and parallel polarizations. In contrast to the classical electromagnetic case, these results are generally not true for the Poynting vector alone. Although no energy can leave the fluid if H0 is strictly parallel to S, excellent energy transmission is possible if H0 has a component perpendicular to S. If H0 lies in the plane of incidence, appreciable transmission occurs whenever the ratio of Alfven wavelength in the fluid to skin depth in the solid is between about 0.02 and 50.
A simple application of the homotopy method to symmetric eigenvalue problems

Abstract The homotopy method is used to find all eigenpairs of symmetric matrices. A special homotopy is constructed for Jacobi matrices. It is shown that there are exactly n distinct smooth curves connecting trivial solutions to desired eigenpairs. These curves are solutions of a certain ordinary differential equation with different initial values. Hence, they can be followed numerically. Incorporated with sparse matrix techniques, this method might be used to solve eigenvalue problems for large scale matrices.
Heat and mass transfer in a saturated porous wedge with impermeable boundaries

Abstract Heat and mass transfer in a two-dimensional radial flow of a viscous fluid through a saturated porous wedge-shaped region with confining walls is studied. Similarity transformations are used for the temperature, velocity and pressure, in order to reduce the describing systems to ordinary differential equations with two-point boundary conditions. Both exact and asymptotic solutions are obtained for the velocity and the temperature. It is found that two distinct solutions (jet flow type and slug flow type) exist for a given set of flow parameters. Specific results are presented for small wedge angles. It is shown that symmetric diverging solutions do not exist above a critical Rayleigh number. An application of the theory to the convection of liquid water in a crude model of a fault zone in a geothermally active area is presented.
Mechanical Engineering Education: Not Just About the Math

It is of utmost importance that universities seek out creative ways to enhance the written and oral communication skills of their engineering students. Too many engineering students graduate and enter today’s competitive job market without sufficient communication skills that will ultimately give them an edge in their profession. It takes hard work and perseverance to obtain a four-year engineering degree, yet many talented students may be overlooked due to inadequate communication skills. Although a student may be more than qualified for an engineering position, a lack of written and oral communication skills could have a negative impact on his or her perceived level of skill. Employers today are searching for well-rounded individuals who are capable of performing multiple job tasks. They demand engineers who are not only technically astute, but who can also conduct research and effectively communicate their ideas to others. This paper examines the importance of written and oral communication skills in engineering professions. Additionally, it investigates various methods of teaching written and oral communication skills to many engineering students, including mechanical engineering, in higher education. It also describes the methods employed by the authors to enhance the communication skills of engineering technology students at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU). Top priority should be given to see that students are able to live up to the highest standards both academically and professionally. It is time that universities empowered their students with the additional skills necessary to survive and flourish in today’s competitive and demanding job market.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Using Yes–No Recognition Tests to Assess Student Memory for Course Content

We report 3 experiments using yes–no recognition tests of student memory for course content. Each test consisted of items encountered in the course and an equal number of foils. Experiment 1 involved an initial test of the methodology and addressed test reliability. Experiments 2 and 3 examined performance before and after completion of courses in introductory psychology, the psychology of learning, and the human odyssey. We found strong relations between posttest performance and other measures of academic performance, including essay and multiple-choice tests and final grades. Yes–no tests are fast and reliable tests of memory for course content, and our results demonstrate their potential usefulness for classroom assessment.
Influenza virus infections in pregnant mice.

The pregnancy rate of mice infected intranasally with PR8 influenza A virus (0.7 and 1.0 LD50) was significantly reduced, but litter sizes were unaffected. Immune animals challenged with large doses were similar to controls in all respects. Intraperitoneal and intravenous routes of inoculation failed to reduce pregnancy rates or litter sizes. Influenza virus crossed the placenta late in the gestational period as evidenced by recovery of virus from fetuses. However, the possibility of virus recovery in newborn pups is unlikely, and maze studies tend to confirm the failure of the influenza virus to cross the placental barrier when pregnant mice are infected early in pregnancy.
SU‐E‐T‐179: Evaluating Treatment Couch Dosimetric Effects in Spine SBRT Treatment Planning

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric effects of the treatment couch on skin dose and field attenuation for Spine SBRT. Methods: Measurements were acquired with an Elekta Synergy S in a 10.4 cm x 10.4 cm open 6 MV field with a Marcus parallel plate ionization chamber for varying thickness of water equivalent plastic. Measurements were repeated with and without the Hexapod carbon fiber treatment couch. A program was written to superimpose a CT scan of the treatment couch onto the patient planning CT. Dose calculations were performed with and without the treatment couch in a solid water phantom in Raystation Treatment planning software and compared to the measured values. All doses are in reference to Dmax of the open field without couch. Results: The measurements displayed a 69% higher dose (93% versus 24%) at the surface with the addition of the couch due to the electron contamination from the couch. Our beam model in Raystation underestimates the surface dose by 10% and agreement is achieved at 7 mm and within 4% at 4 mm depth. At depths greater than Dmax, the couch introduced an attenuation factor of 2%. Conclusion: A carbon fiber couch significantly affects the surface dose for beams that pass through the couch. The couch introduces electron contamination that increases the dose by 69% at the surface. High doses to the skin can cause skin erythema. Couch dose enhancement combined with high dose fractions and several beams passing through the couch for spine SBRT treatments should be accurately modeled to evaluate the actual dose delivered to the skin.
Neutron capture cross section of manganese

Total neutron capture cross section measurements have been carried out for /sup 55/Mn (I = 5/2) over the energy interval of 2.5--600 keV. Using time-of-flight techniques and a nonhydrogenous liquid scintillator detector system, resonance energies and capture area were determined for some 143 resonances to 112 keV neutron energy. Values of radiation widths (GAMMA/sub ..gamma../) were evaluated for broad l = 0 resonances using published total cross section data. Although values of GAMMA/sub ..gamma../ vary widely for individual resonances, mean values of /sub l/ = 0 = 750 +- 150 and /sub iltsts1/ = 400 +- 100 MeV were determined. The correlation between GAMMA/sub ..gamma../ and GAMMA/sub n//sup 0/ (for s-wave resonances) was found to give rho = 0.64 +- 0.14 which is statistically significant at the 99.9% confidence level.
Glass Microelectrodes: the Origin and Elimination of Tip Potentials

ONE of the most important artefacts in electrophysiology is the microelectrode tip potential1,2. Its existence precludes accurate determination of cell membrane resting potentials, particularly with extracellular solutions of low ionic strength where the error may be as large as 50 mV. Adrian1 found that the tip potential of electrodes filled with 3 M potassium chloride was logarithmically related to the external concentration of sodium chloride or potassium chloride (in an inverse way) and correlated with electrode resistance (correlation coefficient ≈ 0.7). It was concluded that tip potentials are junction potentials produced by some substance blocking the tip of the electrode, reducing the mobility of the chloride ion and exaggerating the difference of mobility of the sodium and potassium ions. This communication is primarily concerned with a simple method for eliminating tip potentials and with an extensive series of observations on the tip potential phenomenon.
Quantum Molecular Interaction Field Models of Substrate Enantioselection in Asymmetric Processes.

Abstract Computational models correlating substrate structure to enantioselection with asymmetric catalysts using the QMQSAR program are described. In addition to rapidly providing predictions that could be used to facilitate the screening of catalysts for novel substrates, the QMQSAR program identifies the portions of the substrate that most directly influence the enantioselectivity. The lack of an underlying relationship between all the substrates in one case, requires two quantitative structure selectivity relationships (QSSR) models to describe all of the experimental results.
Mechanisms mediating regional sympathoactivatory responses to stimulation of NTS A1 adenosine receptors

Selective activation of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors in the subpostremal nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) increases and decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP), respectively, and decreases heart r...