cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary Intake and Psychological Assessment of Patients Entering Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To describe dietary intake and psychological status of patients entering Phase II cardiac rehabilitation. Assessment of nutritional intake and psychological status at entry to a Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation program can aid in individualization of the program. In addition to physical assessment, baseline dietary and psychological assessments were performed on 22 consecutive patients entering cardiac rehabilitation over a seven week period. Dietary intake was assessed using the Diet Habit Survey (S. L. Connor et. al.) to evaluate eating behavior during the previous month and using three-day food records to evaluate recent intake. Food records were reviewed and analyzed using Food Processor 6.11 (ESHA Research). Psychological status was assessed using the SCL-90-R (L.R. Derogatis). The participants included 14 males and 8 females with mean age of 62±10 and 65±9 years, respectively. Seventy-one percent of the males and 50 percent of females had BMIs greater than 27. Fifty-nine percent of patients reported modifying their dietary intake after their coronary event and prior to entering the program. The Diet Habit Survey indicated that 13.6% of the participants consumed 37% or more kilocalories as fat; 36.4% consumed 30% kilocalories as fat; 36.4% consumed 25% kilocalories as fat; and 13.6% consumed 20% kilocalories as fat. Mean daily intake from food records was 1700±480 kilocalories, 60.6±8.2% kilocalories as carbohydrate, 17.6±3.3% kilocalories as protein, and 20.9±2.9% kilocalories as fat. Food records revealed specific dietary deficiencies and excesses. Thirty-six percent of individuals were considered at risk for depression with a T-score of 63 or above on the Global Severity Index score of the SCL-90-R. These results suggest that a large percentage of patients have modified their diets prior to entry into cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, nutrition intervention must not only reinforce low-fat food choices but aim at facilitating life-long balanced, low-fat eating and healthy weight maintenance. Psychological assessments indicate need for individualized referrals for mental health intervention. Individualizing treatment interventions based on entry assessments may optimize long-term outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation.
Assessment of the variability in the anatomical position and size of the subthalamic nucleus among patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease using magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose Targeting of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery using standard atlas coordinates is used in some centers. Such coordinates are accurate for only a subgroup of patients, and subgroup size depends on the extent of inter-individual variation in STN position/size and degree to which atlas represents average anatomical relations. Few studies have addressed this issue.
Comparative Immunogenic Properties of Native and Crystalline β-Lactoglobulins Prepared by Two Methods

Abstract β -Lactoglobulin ( β -Lg) was the dominant sensitizing protein in bovine skimmilk and milk whey protein. Significant differences in the anaphylactogenic sensitizing capacities in guinea pigs were detected among samples of crystalline β -Lg prepared by the same method in different laboratories, as well as among crystalline β -Lg samples prepared by different methods in the same laboratory. These differences could not be related to differences in their precipitin reactions, heterogeneity, carbohydrate content or genetic variants. These observations suggest that something other than the procedure for isolating crystalline β -Lg may be responsible for the differences in immunogenic potency Native β -Lg was 2 to 4 times more immunogenic than crystalline β -Lg prepared by the Palmer method, and 12 to 26 times more potent than β -Lg prepared by the Larson and Jenness method.
Limited effects of dominant species population source on community composition during community assembly

Question To what extent do dominant species population sources and subordinate species pools affect diversity and composition of an assembling grassland community? Location Illinois, USA. Methods Percentage cover of all species were recorded annually in 36 1-m2 quadrats assigned to a factorial combination of dominant species population source (functionally distinct cultivar or non-cultivar seed source) and designed species pool (three levels varying in species identity, but with equal functional group representation and richness) during the first 4 yr of community assembly in an experimental grassland restoration. Results Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that individual species abundance, life form and community composition differed significantly among designed species pools, but were not strongly affected by population source of the dominant species (cultivar or non-cultivar). There were fewer C4 species in cultivar plots but only in one of three designed species pools during one of 4 yr of community assembly. The number of legume and forb species was higher in cultivar plots, but also only in one of the 4 yr of study. Other changes in species richness and abundance were solely related to successional change. Conclusions Non-dominant species introduced to restore plant communities strongly affects plant community composition, and composition can show fidelity to designed species pools. Only marginal or temporary effects of dominant species seed source were observed in the assembling plant community. Thus, we found no strong evidence that the source of dominant species, in this case cultivars compared to local ecotypes, has consequences for community assembly in the early stages of restoration (1–4 yr). The absence of a strong dominant species source effect may be exacerbated by the assembly of diverse plant communities, resulting in a stronger effect of subordinate species seed mixture in restoration.
The Incremental Commitment Spiral Model: Principles and Practices for Successful Systems and Software

This tutorial introduces the ICSM as a means of addressing the need for more flexible and responsive systems engineering. It describes the principles that guide the model, and leads attendees through a product development case study. Attendees will receive a copy of the book The Incremental Commitment Spiral Model: Principles and Practices for Successful Systems and Software.
Synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of mannosylated lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract The synthesis of three mannosyl-arabinosides 4–6 found as terminal epitopes of mannosylated lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is reported. A key step in the synthesis of the required protected octyl β- d -arabinofuranoside derivative 7 involved glycosylation of octanol by 5-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-α- d -arabinofuranosyl chloride (12) in the absence of a promoter. The sequential addition of the mannopyranose residues to 7, using thioglycosides 8 and 9, provided the protected oligosaccharides 17, 19, and 21. Deprotection by deacylation and then hydrogenation afforded the targets.
Proprioceptive awareness, information about response-reinforcement contingencies, and operant heart-rate control

Twenty subjects were conditioned to raise their operant heart rates during the presentation of one stimulus and to lower operant heart rate during the presentation of a second stimulus. A 2 by 2 factorial design was utilized to examine the effects of proprioceptive awareness [high overall score on the Automonic Perception Questionnaire (APQ) vs. low APQ score] and instructions about the response-reinforcement contingencies (informed subjects vs. uninformed subjects) on operant heart- rate control. The results indicated that informed subjects achieved better control over operant heart rate than uninformed subjects. No effects attributable to APQ score were detected. It is suggested that proprioceptive awareness may influence heart-rate control when no external feedback is available (e.g., Bergman & Johnson, 1971), or when external feedback is relatively weak (e.g., Blanchard, Young, & McLeod, 1972), but information about contingencies of reinforcement appears to have more impact on heart-rate control than proprioceptive awareness when relatively powerful external feedback is available. The heart-rate results appeared to be relatively independent of changes in skin responding and cephalic pulse amplitude.
Fourier analysis of mitochondrial distribution in oocytes

This paper describes a novel approach to quantifying mitochondrial patterns which are typically described using the qualitative terms "diffuse" "aggregated" and are potentially key indicators for an oocyte's health and survival potential post-implantation. An oocyte was isolated in a confocal image and a coarse grid was superimposed upon it. The spatial spectrum was calculated and an aggregation factor was generated. A classifier for healthy cells was developed and verified. The aggregation factor showed a clear distinction between the healthy and unhealthy oocytes. The ultimate goal is to screen oocytes for viability preimplantation, thus improving the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments.
Sexual division of labor and central place foraging: a model for the Carson Desert of western Nevada

Abstract Archaeological models of hunter-gatherer subsistence often imply that the influence of men’s or women’s foraging effort on settlement patterns varied over time, but fail to consider how central place foraging may reflect conflicting subsistence interests between men and women. For example, earlier studies of Carson Desert prehistory suggest a semi-sedentary, gathering strategy replaced a mobile, hunting-oriented strategy in response to diminishing densities of large game. This implies that the influence of men’s and women’s work effort on residential location and mobility changed, but assumes both genders foraged for the common good rather than striving for different goals. A new central place foraging model based on a human behavioral ecology perspective of sexual division of labor considers how men and women might reconcile conflicting foraging interests given likely resource abundance, return rates, and transport costs. Men’s hunting returns must be high enough to reliably provision children for a hunting-oriented settlement pattern to occur. Otherwise, men should logistically hunt out of bases positioned to facilitate women’s foraging. Therefore, a hunting-oriented strategy seems unlikely in the Late Holocene Carson Desert.
Long-term hydrographic changes at 52 and 66°W in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre & Caribbean

Abstract In July–September 1997 two hydrographic lines were done in the western N. Atlantic along longitudes of 52 and 66°W as part of the WOCE one-time hydrographic survey of the oceans. Each of these two lines approximately repeated earlier ones done during the International Geophysical Year(s) (IGY) and the mid-1980s. Because of this repeated sampling, long-term hydrographic changes in the water masses can be examined. In this report, we focus on temperature and salinity changes within the subtropical gyre mainly between latitudes of 20 and 35°N and compare our results to those presented by Bryden et al. (1996), who examined changes along a zonal line at 24°N, most recently occupied in 1992. Since this most recent 24°N section in 1992, substantial changes have occurred in the western part of the subtropical gyre at the depths of the Labrador Sea Water (LSW). In particular, we see clear evidence for colder, fresher Labrador Sea Water throughout the gyre on our two recent sections that was not yet present in 1992 at similar longitudes along 24°N. At shallower depths inhabited by waters that are an admixture of Mediterranean (MW) and Antarctic Intermediate Waters (AAIW), our recent survey shows an increase in salinity, which can only be attributed to changes in water masses on potential temperature or neutral density surfaces. Furthermore, waters above the MW/AAIW layer and into the deeper part of the main pycnocline have continued to become saltier and warmer throughout the 40-year period spanned by our sections. These latter changes have been dominantly due to a vertical sinking of density surfaces as T/S changes in density surfaces are small, but depths of individual T/S horizons have increased with time. The net change since the IGY shows a mean temperature increase between 800 and 2500 m depth at a rate of 0.57°C/century with a corresponding steric sea level rise of 1 mm/yr, and a net downward heave with small values near the top and bottom, and a maximum rate of −2.7 m/yr at 1800 m depth. Changes in the deep Caribbean indicate a warming since the IGY due to temperature increases of the inflowing source waters in the subtropical gyre at 1800m depth, but no significant change in the deep salinity.
Familial Transmission and Heritability of Childhood Disruptive Disorders

Objective:There is substantial evidence of a link between parental substance use disorders and antisocial behavior and childhood disruptive disorders in offspring, but it is unclear whether this transmission is specific to particular disorders or if a general liability accounts for familial resemblance. The authors examined whether the association between parental externalizing disorders and childhood disruptive disorders in preadolescent offspring is a result of the transmission of general or disorder-specific liabilities and estimated the genetic and environmental contributions to variation in these general and specific liability indicators. Method:Participants were 1,069 families consisting of 11-year-old twins and their biological mother and father. Structural equation modeling was used to simultaneously estimate the general and specific transmission effects of four parental externalizing disorders (conduct disorder, adult antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence) on childhood disr...
Is class III antiarrhythmic activity important

The beginning of thought about a discrete Class III antiarrhythmic action stemmed from the observation that sotalol produced a very marked increase in the time course of repolarization with little or no change in conduction velocity in cardiac muscle. It is known that in patients with hypothyroidism or hypocalcemia, both of which are associated with a marked lengthening of the cardiac action potential, arrhythmias are exceedingly rare. The acetyl metabolite of procainamide also produces, as its sole action, a marked increase in the action-potential duration, and it has antiarrhythmic activity. It is clear that lengthening the action-potential duration is antiarrhythmic. Sotalol is a unique beta blocker in not only antagonizing sympathetic stimulation competitively, but also in exerting a potent antiarrhythmic effect by prolonging repolarization. Because of the augmented tension that is associated with the increase in action-potential duration, sotalol produces a less negative inotropic effect than that seen with other beta blockers. Sotalol is a potent broad-spectrum antiarrhythmic agent because of its Class III properties, resulting from an increase in the length of cardiac repolarization, a property that is modulated by its betaadrenergic blocking actions.
Optimized FTR Portfolio Construction Based on the Identification of Congested Network Elements

This paper focuses on the construction of an optimized financial transmission rights (FTR) or congestion revenue rights portfolio for an FTR market participant given his assessment of the frequency and economic impacts of binding constraints in the transmission network. We overcome the data handling and heavy computing demands of locational marginal price (LMP)-difference-based methods for FTR selection by recasting the problem into one that focuses on the underlying product of “binding constraints”, which are physically observable phenomena, based on the mathematical insights into the structural characteristics of the model used for the clearing of the hourly day-ahead markets. Differentials in the LMPs are due to system congestion and so are merely manifestations of binding constraints in the transmission network. In addition, we exploit extensively the salient topological characteristics of large-scale interconnections. The market participant specifies the subset of “focus” constraints and the position he is willing to take on them. Our approach builds on the mathematical insights and topological characteristics with the effective deployment of the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to construct the optimized FTR portfolio characterized by the minimum number of node pairs for the specification of the FTR elements. We apply the proposed approach to a test system based on the PJM ISO network and markets to illustrate its capabilities for solving the FTR market participant's problem in realistic large-scale systems.
Crossmodal Congruency Benefits for Tactile and Visual Signaling

Abstract : An experiment is reported in which tactile messages were created based on five common military arm and hand signals. We compared response times and accuracy rates of novice individuals responding to visual and tactile representations of these messages. Such messages were displayed either alone or in congruent or incongruent combinations. Analyses were conducted on trials where tactile and visual signals messages were presented either individually or concurrently. Results indicated a beneficial effect for congruent message presentations with both modalities showing a superior, combined response time and improved accuracy when compared to individual presentations in either modality alone. These results confirm the promise for tactile messages to augment visual displays in challenging and stressful environments where visual messaging may not always be clear or even possible.
Non-transpeptidase binding arylthioether β-lactams active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Abstract The prevalence of drug resistance in both clinical and community settings as a consequence of alterations of biosynthetic pathways, enzymes or cell wall architecture is a persistent threat to human health. We have designed, synthesized, and tested a novel class of non-transpeptidase, β-lactamase resistant monocyclic β-lactams that carry an arylthio group at C4. These thioethers exhibit inhibitory and cidal activity against serine β-lactamase producing Mycobacterium tuberculosis wild type strain (Mtb) and multiple ( n = 8) β-lactamase producing Moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates.
Melanocortin-4 receptor activation inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity and promotes insulin signaling

The melanocortin system is crucial to regulation of energy homeostasis. The melanocortin receptor type 4 (MC4R) modulates insulin signaling via effects on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The melanocortin agonist NDP-MSH dose-dependently inhibited JNK activity in HEK293 cells stably expressing the human MC4R; effects were reversed by melanocortin receptor antagonist. NDP-MSH time- and dose-dependently inhibited IRS-1ser307 phosphorylation, effects also reversed by a specific melanocortin receptor antagonist. NDP-MSH augmented insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation in vitro. The melanocortin agonist melanotan II increased insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation in the rat hypothalamus in vivo. NDP-MSH increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in hypothalamic GT1-1 cells. The current study shows that the melanocortinergic system interacts with insulin signaling via novel effects on JNK activity.
Postconcussion syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents requires further detailed study

Objective: To determine the acute predictors associated with the development of postconcussion syndrome (PCS) in children and adolescents after mild traumatic brain injury. Design: Retrospective analysis of a prospective observational study. Setting: Pediatric emergency department (ED) in a children's hospital. Participants: Four hundred six children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years. Main Exposure: Closed head trauma. Main Outcome Measures: The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire administered 3 months after the injury. Results: Of the patients presenting to the ED with mild traumatic brain injury, 29.3% developed PCS. The most frequent PCS symptom was headache. Predictors of PCS, while controlling for other factors, were being of adolescent age, headache on presentation to the ED, and admission to the hospital. Patients who developed PCS missed a mean (SD) of 7.4 (13.9) days of school. Conclusions: Adolescents who have headache on ED presentation and require hospital admission at the ED encounter are at elevated risk for PCS after mild traumatic brain injury. Interventions to identify this population and begin early treatment may improve outcomes and reduce the burden of disease.
Melt Processing of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Superconductors

Unidirectional crystallization of melt processed 2122 and 2223 composition in the Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O system has been carried out. Crystallization was controlled by heating the glass or cooling the melt using a moving furnace and a stationary sample. Fairly large oriented crystalline specimens of 2122 phases were obtained by cooling from the melt in a shallow gradient furnace. Glassy samples processed under steep gradients showed better crystallinity than those processed under shallow gradients.
Inhibition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP induced steroidogenesis in rat adrenocortical cells by the putative calcium antagonist TMB-8

A significant proportion of the steroidogenic response of isolated rat adrenocortical cells to dibutyryl cyclic AMP does not require extracellular calcium, and this component is profoundly depressed by low concentrations of the putative calcium antagonist, TMB-8. The inhibition is reversed by either the readdition of calcium or the calcium ionophore A23187. The steroidogenic response to pregnenolone, whose mode of action does not require calcium, was not depressed by TMB-8. Corticotropin (ACTH)-induced steroidogenesis, which requires extracellular calcium, was markedly depressed by TMB-8, although enhanced cyclic AMP formation is only slightly depressed by this drug. Adrenal cortical microsomes possess an ATP-dependent 45calcium (45Ca2+) uptake system which responded to EGTA with a rapid efflux of 45Ca2+; EGTA-induced calcium efflux from this microsomal fraction was markedly reduced by a concentration of TMB-8 that blocked dibutyryl cyclic AMP-evoked steroidogenesis. TMB-8 produced a smaller but significant reduction of EGTA-facilitated 45Ca2+ efflux from a mitochondrial-enriched fraction. We interpret these results to mean that TMB-8 blocks the steroidogenic effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP by interfering with the mobilization of a cellular pool of calcium that is probably localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The physiological implications of these findings in relation to the complex interactions between calcium and cyclic AMP in adrenal steroidogenesis are discussed.
Evaluation of biocompatible products for managing cucurbit powdery mildew

Abstract The biocompatible products AQ10 (hyperparasitic fungus Ampelomyces quisqualis ), JMS Stylet-Oil (medium viscosity mineral oil), M-Pede (potassium salts of fatty acids) and Kaligreen (82% potassium bicarbonate) suppressed powdery mildew ( Sphaerotheca fusca ) on winter squash, muskmelon, and pumpkin and increased yield compared with nontreated plants under field conditions. Applications were started after disease detection. JMS Stylet-Oil most effectively controlled powdery mildew. However, these products did not provide the degree of full-season control or yield increase obtained with the conventional fungicide program of Bravo (chlorothalonil) plus Nova (myclobutanil). For example, in muskmelon on 17 August 1995, 7 days after the third application, powdery mildew severity on upper and lower (under) leaf surfaces was 66 and 80% for untreated, 3 and 13% for Bravo plus Nova, 43 and 44% for JMS Stylet-Oil, 38 and 65% for AQ10, and 53 and 65% for Kaligreen, respectively. Yield (ton/ha) was 22.8, 44.2, 36.4, 40.6, and 38.5, respectively. Sucrose content was 3.5%, 6.6%, 4.6%, 3.2%, and 4.0%, respectively.
Electroglottography for Laryngeal Function Assessment and Speech Analysis

The methodology of electroglottography is briefly outlined, Major emphasis is given to validating key features of the electroglottographic (EGG) waveform using ultrahigh-speed laryngeal films. We show how the instants of glottal closure and opening may be identified from the EGG waveform. This information may be used to improve speech analysis techniques such as the pitch synchronous, closed phase, covariance analysis method. Other applications include pitch detection, the determination of intervals of voicing, unvoicing, mixed voicing and silence, improving speech synthesis, and assisting the automation of inverse filtering.
An Adaptive Motion Estimation Architecture for H.264/AVC

We introduce a variable block size motion estimation architecture that is adaptive to the full search (FS) and the three-step search (3SS) algorithms. Early termination, intensive data reuse, pipelined datapath with bit serial execution, and memory access management tailored to the search patterns of the FS and 3SS form key features of the architecture. The design was synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler and 45nm standard cell library technology. The architecture sustains real-time CIF format with an operational frequency as low as 17.6MHz and consumes 1.98 mW at this clock rate. This architecture with its 500MHz peak operational frequency provides the end-user with the flexibility of choosing between video quality and throughput based on power consumption and processing speed constraints.
The Human 4F2 Antigen: Evidence for Cryptic and Noncryptic Epitopes and for a Role of 4F2 in Human T Lymphocyte Activation

T lymphocyte activation can be triggered through multiple distinct, but functionally related, pathways. Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used to characterize the surface components of several of these pathways, as well as structures whose function is not yet known. One such cell surface structure is the heterodimeric 4F2 antigen, which is expressed on activated and proliferating cells. Two new mAbs that recognize the heavy chain of the 4F2 antigen have been produced in our laboratory. One antibody, UM7F8, is comitogenic with soluble anti-CD2 and immobilized (but not soluble) anti-CD3 mAbs. The second antibody, termed UM2G12, appears to recognize a cryptic epitope on the 4F2 heavy chain and is not comitogenic for T cells. In view of the functional effects seen with UM7F8, and the highly regulated expression of the 4F2 antigen, it seems likely that 4F2 has a specific role in T cell development and activation.
Effects of antihypertensive single-drug therapy on heart rate

Abstract Heart rate increasingly is being recognized either as an independent risk factor for a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders or as a surrogate marker for them. We analyzed the changes in heart rate associated with antihypertensive therapy with six drugs and placebo from the VA Cooperative Study on Single-Drug Therapy. These results were published previously (American Journal of Hypertension 1998;11:597–601). This paper provides a summary of the earlier publication with the addition of three figures not previously published. Atenolol had the greatest effect on heart rate reduction, followed by clonidine and diltiazem-SR. Hydrochlorothiazide and captopril were associated with small reductions in heart rate over time, whereas prazosin increased heart rate. Patients whose blood pressure was controlled by placebo had a 3.1 beats/min reduction of heart rate at 2 years. When the baseline heart rate was 65 beats/min or less, all drugs increased the heart rate except for atenolol, which further reduced it. Although it is clear that each of the six drugs used in our study had a different effect on heart rate, we cannot state that drug-induced reduction in heart rate per se confers a decrease in cardiovascular risk.
On the Extent to Which Certain Fixed-Charge Depot Location Problems Can be Solved by LP

This paper considers a class of feasible set fixed-charge depot location problems which have been formulated as mixed-integer programmes. Computational results are reported to show that linear programming often produces integer solutions to uncapa- citated problems as required. It is suggested that this represents a practical solution approach. Computational evidence suggests this convenient property does not extend to capacitated problems. Discussion of reducing infinite set problems to such feasible set problems is included. This paper considers depot location-demand allocation problems where loca- tions are to be chosen from a finite set of candidate sites. This corresponds to the "feasible set approach", discussed by Rand.' The objective is to locate depots so that all customer demand is allocated among the depots while minimizing the sum of variable and fixed depot costs associated with satisfy- ing that demand. Demand is assumed known in each of a number of customer zones. The modelling intent is to answer the four fundamental questions listed by Rand as: How many depots should there be? Where should they be? Which customers should they serve? How big should they be? A mixed integer programming model-sometimes called the fixed-charge plant loca- tion model is used for which efficient special purpose algorithms exist (see Elshafei2 and Geoffrion and Graves3). However, it is a nontrivial task to develop the necessary computer programs. The purpose of this paper is to provide computational results which indicate that ordinary linear program- ming typically produces integer solutions to uncapacitated problems. It is suggested that this represents a practical solution approach if the problem size is not too large, but computational results show that this approach seems inappropriate for capacitated problems. Discussion of reducing certain infinite set problems to feasible set problems is presented in an Appendix.
The generation and recognition components of encoding specificity

The encoding specificity effect was examined in the Tulving and Thomson (1973) generation-recognition-recall paradigm. The critical comparison involved the relative effectiveness of category cues which were either the same as or different from the input encoding of an item. Additionally, an attempt was made to gain control over any bias in responding to the cues by the manipulation of instructional information about the relevance of each cue. Results showed that the probability of generating target items was slightly superior for same cues. Encoding specificity (defined as the same-different cuing effect) was demonstrated both in the recognition of generated items and in cued recall. The instructional manipulation generally tended to attenuate the same-different effect in recognition, thus, suggesting a response bias component of the effect.
Test of the lower mantle slab penetration hypothesis using broadband S waves

Bioadband S and ScS displacement pulses from deep-focus earthquakes in the Sea of Okhotsk, recorded at analog and digital stations in North America and Europe, show com- plexities produced by velocity heterogeneity in the lower mantle. The slab beneath the Sea of Okhotsk strikes N40oE, while the stations used in this study range from N40oW to N70oE, allowing a test of the hypothesis that multipathing in a lower mantle slab extension gives rise to the waveform complexities. Comparisons of the S and ScS displacement pulses at a given station indicate that in many cases the direct S pulses have a broader, more complex waveform than the ScS pulses. We parameterized the waveform complexity by the energy tempo/al centroid difference (Cs-Csc s) between the S and ScS pulses. The largest Cs-Csc s anomalies are observed along the strike of the slab. There is also a correlation between the Cs-Csc s values and ScS-S travel time residuals for stations along the strike ofthe slab and no correlation for off-strike azimuths. However, Cs-Csc s anomalies are ob- served over the entire azimuth range, including azimuths to the southwestern U.S., for which the raypaths should quickly exit any deep slab structure. These data suggest that lateral velocity heterogeneities both near the source (possibly due to slab pene- tration) and deep in the mantle near the S wave turning points contribute to the S and ScS complexity.
Abstract 3157: Clinical relevance of miR-200 family members in various cancers

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Introduction: Low expression of miR-200 family members in some cancers has been linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and subsequent metastatic spread. Thus, low expression of miR-200 members would be expected to reduce survival. We investigated whether expression levels of miR-200 family members are associated with clinical outcome in several cancer types. Methods: We used clinically annotated data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our preliminary analysis focused on nine different cancer types, subsequently reduced to four that had a large number of samples (>200). Expression data for all five miR-200 members (miR-141, -200a, -200b, -200c, and -429) were obtained from either Agilent miRNA microarrays (8x15K; glioblastoma multiforme and ovarian cancers) or miR-Seq (Illumina GA and HiSeq; breast and clear cell renal cancers). Approximately 2/3 of the samples for each tumor type were used as a training cohort to obtain the miRNA expression thresholds yielding the most significant log rank test p-values (one-tailed test), thus dividing the data into good and poor prognosis groups. These thresholds were then used to divide the data in the remaining 1/3 of the samples that functioned as independent validation cohorts, and p-values were computed for those cohorts. The same procedure was repeated again to look for significant differences in progression free survival. Kaplan-Meier curves were also plotted for all datasets, with a p-value 3500 days for low versus high miR-200a expression, respectively (p=0.005). However, in breast cancer (n=325) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, n=487), low expression of a miR-200 member was associated with an improved clinical outcome. In the breast cancer validation set (113 samples), median overall survival was > 7000 versus 3100 days for low versus high miR-141 expression, respectively (p=0.036). In the GBM validation set (174 samples), median progression free survival was 290 versus 150 days for low versus high miR-429 expression, respectively (p=0.009). Discussion: Here we show that altered expression levels of miR-200 members may have clinical relevance in common cancers. Interestingly, depending on the cancer type, low miR-200 member levels may either portend a better or worse prognosis. This study highlights the need to further elucidate novel mechanisms of the miR-200 family and perhaps exploit their diverse functions for therapeutic intent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3157. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3157
A Validity Study of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ)

The dimensionality of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) was examined using a principal components analysis with an oblique rotation and the parallel analysis criterion was used to determine the number of components to retain. It was found that the items which were supposed to load on the Raise scale instead loaded on the level and structure/administration components and that in fact a raise component did not exist. It was recommended that in the future researchers use more accurate methods to determine the number of components to retain and that they do not assume that the dimensions of compensation satisfaction are orthogonal.
Uncertainty analysis and variation reduction of three-dimensional coordinate metrology. Part 2: uncertainty analysis

In this part of the paper, the uncertainty analysis of coordinate estimation for the case in which the sampled geometric errors are dominated by the random component is investigated. In practice, the uncertainty analysis of coordinate estimation using high-precision datum surfaces often falls into this type. In this paper, a sensitivity matrix, which serves as the theoretical basis of the uncertainty analysis, is presented to establish a linearized relationship between the variations of the coordinate estimation and the geometric errors of the part surface at the measurement points. Based on the sensitivity matrix, quantitative measures are derived for the prediction of coordinate variation. Computer simulation and experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical predictions when the surface geometric errors are small and dominated by the random component.
Acute withdrawal after repeated ethanol treatment reduces the number of spontaneously active dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area

Abstract The effect of acute withdrawal, after repeated ethanol administration, on the electrophysiological activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area was studied. Male rats received a 10-day treatment of ethanol at 4 g/kg, twice daily via intragastric intubation. In animals treated with ethanol, the number of spontaneously active DA neurons, determined with the cells-per-track population sampling technique, was significantly reduced (ethanol group= 0.70±0.10;control group= 1.49±0.18). I.V. apomorphine (20–64 μg/kg) reversed the reduced number of spontaneously active DA neurons (1.30±0.14) to near control levels. ‘Silent’ DA neurons could also be induced to fire by microiontophoretic application of GABA. These results suggest that the reduction in the number of spontaneously active DA neurons was due to the induction of tonic depolarization-inactivation on these neurons.
QSAR Modeling of the Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability for Diverse Organic Compounds

Development of externally predictive Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability. Combinatorial QSAR analysis was carried out for a set of 159 compounds with known BBB permeability data. All six possible combinations of three collections of descriptors derived from two-dimensional representations of molecules as chemical graphs and two QSAR methodologies have been explored. Descriptors were calculated by MolconnZ, MOE, and Dragon software. QSAR methodologies included k-Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector Machine approaches. All models have been rigorously validated using both internal and external validation methods. The consensus prediction for the external evaluation set afforded high predictive power (R 2 = 0.80 for 10 compounds within the applicability domain after excluding one activity outlier). Classification accuracies for two additional external datasets, including 99 drugs and 267 organic compounds, classified as permeable (BBB+) or non-permeable (BBB−) were 82.5% and 59.0%, respectively. The use of a fairly conservative model applicability domain increased the prediction accuracy to 100% and 83%, respectively (while naturally reducing the dataset coverage to 60% and 43%, respectively). Important descriptors that affect BBB permeability are discussed. Models developed in these studies can be used to estimate the BBB permeability of drug candidates at early stages of drug development.
Above‐normal Atlantic basin hurricane season forecast

[1] Between three and six major hurricanes with winds of 111 miles per hour and greater could whip across the Atlantic basin during what is forecast to be an above-normal 2011 hurricane season, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Prediction Center (NOAA CPC). Including those, there could be a total of 6–10 hurricanes with winds of 74 miles per hour or greater and 12–18 named storms with winds of 39 miles per hour or greater during the hurricane season, which officially begins on 1 June and lasts for 6 months, NOAA administrator Jane Lubchenco said at a 19 May briefing. There is a 70% likelihood for these ranges occurring, according to NOAA.
PSYCHOLOGY OF PARADOX AND VICE VERSA

-Paradox, illogicaliry, contradictoriness-these are words not often mentioned in psychology. Role theory, however, does provide a possible frame for accommodating paradox in that it does not attempt to objeaivize human experience; and it views events and actions as equivocal. It is through a recognition of multivalence that role theory makes its primary contribution to psychology, speaking, as it does, in equiand multi-vocalizations.
An exploration of extradyadic communicative messages following relational transgressions in romantic relationships

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the associations among relational characteristics and extradyadic communication with network members about a romantic partner's relational transgression. Investment Model components were assessed at Time 1 and used to predict communication of transgression-minimizing (i.e., evading responsibility, reducing offensiveness, explaining/justifying) and transgression-maximizing (i.e., accusation, criticism, threats) messages to friends and family at Time 2. The general pattern of results indicates that pretransgression relational characteristics influence communication of transgression-maximizing (but not transgression-minimizing) messages to network members. Further, transgression-maximizing messages were associated with decreases in posttransgression commitment, investments, and satisfaction and with increases in perceptions of quality relational alternatives. These findings support the importance of examining negative extradyadic communication about relat...
Simultaneous slow and fast light effects using probe gain and pump depletion via Raman gain in atomic vapor

We demonstrate experimentally slow and fast light effects achieved simultaneously using Raman gain and pump depletion in an atomic vapor. Heterodyne phase measurements show opposite dispersion characteristics at the pump and probe frequencies. Optical pulse propagations in the vapor medium confirm the slow and fast light effects due to these dispersions. We discuss applications of this technique in recently proposed rotation sensing and broadband detection schemes.
Integrating multiple levels of zoom to enable activity analysis

In this paper, we present a multi-zoom framework for activity analysis in situations requiring combinations of both detailed and coarse views of the scene. The epipolar geometry is employed in several novel ways in the context of activity analysis. Detecting and tracking objects in time and consistently labeling these objects across zoom levels are two necessary tasks for such activity analysis. First, a multiview approach to automatically detect and track heads and hands in a scene is described. Then, by making use of epipolar, spatial, trajectory, and appearance constraints, objects are labeled consistently across cameras (zooms). Finally, we demonstrate how multiple levels of zoom can cooperate and complement each other to help solve problems related to activity analysis.
Episodic Dynamics of Tar Spot of Annual Lespedeza Within and Among Years

The temporal and spatial dynamics of six tar spot epidemics were examined at two sites in mid-Missouri during 1990 to 1992. The sites, 48 km apart, differed in topography (flat versus slope), soil texture (silt loam versus silty-clay loam), and cropping history (orchard versus row crops). Temporal dynamics of disease incidence differed more among years than between sites. During 1990, temporal dynamics of the two epidemics followed a classic monotonic increase, whereas disease increase was episodic for the four epidemics observed during 1991 and 1992. Disease increase was associated with shading of the plant canopy or with the presence of dodder. Disease increase was related inversely to intercepted photosynthetically active radiation. Taken together, these observations suggest that factors that increase shading in the lespedeza canopy also increase tar spot incidence. For only two of the six epidemics was there a significant relationship between disease incidence (proportion of leaflets diseased) and disease severity (proportion of leaflet area diseased), with disease severity rarely exceeding 10%. These observations suggest that relatively low tar spot incidence may result in significant leaf losses, which would reduce lespedeza hay quality and yield. Further, this study demonstrates the importance of experimental repetition in both space and time to fully appreciate the range of disease dynamics for a single pathosystem.
IT Project Failures: What Management Can Learn

IT project failures are unfortunately still pervasive throughout the world. Even though much has been written on the subject, IT project managers still need to heed these lessons learned. This column provides some suggestions from a management perspective on how to ensure better IT project success.
Early intervention in low birth weight premature infants: Results at 18 years of age for the infant health and development program

OBJECTIVE. To assess whether improvements in cognitive and behavioral development seen in preschool educational programs persist, we compared those in a multisite randomized trial of such a program over the first 3 years of life (INT) to those with follow-up only (FUO) at 18 months of age. METHODS. This was a prospective follow-up of the Infant Health and Development Program at 8 sites heterogeneous for sociodemographic characteristics. Originally 985 children were randomized to the INT (n = 377) or FUO (n = 608) groups within 2 birth weight strata: heavier low birth weight (HLBW; 2001–2499 g) and lighter low birth weight (LLBW; ≤2000 g). Primary outcome measures were the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III), reading and mathematics subscales of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement, youth self-report on the Total Behavior Problem Index, and high-risk behaviors on the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). Secondary outcomes included Weschler full-scale IQ, caregiver report on the Total Behavior Problem Index, and caregiver and youth self-reported physical health using the Medical Outcome Study measure. Assessors were masked as to study status. RESULTS. We assessed 636 youths at 18 years (64.6% of the 985, 72% of whom had not died or refused at prior assessments). After adjusting for cohort attrition, differences favoring the INT group were seen on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement in math (5.1 points), YRBSS (−0.7 points), and the PPVT-III (3.8 points) in the HLBW youth. In the LLBW youth, the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement in reading was higher in the FUO than INT group (4.2). CONCLUSIONS. The findings in the HLBW INT group provide support for preschool education to make long-term changes in a diverse group of children who are at developmental risk. The lack of observable benefit in the LLBW group raises questions about the biological and educational factors that foster or inhibit sustained effects of early educational intervention.