cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of diabetes on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by refeeding.

Abstract Refeeding of starved rats that had previously been schedule-fed increased ornithine decarboxylase activity 140-fold in liver and six-fold in skeletal muscle within three hours. In diabetic rats, refeeding caused a smaller increase in enzyme activity in liver and none at all in muscle. When insulin was administered together with food to the diabetic rats, ornithine decarboxylase in muscle increased to levels greater than those observed in refed controls. The activity of the enzyme in liver also increased; however, the increase was still less than that observed in refed control rats. The data indicate that the induction of ornithine decarboxylase in liver and muscle following food ingestion is altered in diabetes. In addition, they suggest that insulin, or a factor dependent on insulin, modulates the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in skeletal muscle.
The Image of Christian Leaders in Fictional Television Programs

L'A. analyse la maniere dont les leaders chretiens sont representes a la television en calculant leur frequence d'apparition, en identifiant les types de comportements et en etablissant les traits de ces personnages dans deux contextes. Les resultats ne suggerent pas que les leaders chretiens soient presentes comme des piliers de la bonte ni comme des bandits en soutane. Ils sont souvent engages dans des affaires non religieuses et frequemment illegales. Alors que ces leaders majoritairement blancs, masculins et catholiques sont sinceres et humbles, ils ne sont pas particulierement compatissants
Response to Comment on Nishio et al. on Diabetes Reversal in NOD Mice

Contrary to previous findings, we found no significant differentiation of splenocytes into pancreatic islet cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice treated with an immune adjuvant and allogenic spleen cells. We show that our single-nucleotide polymorphism assay has the requisite sensitivity to support our contention. The experiments of Faustman et al . lack adequate controls, and we maintain that no evidence of islet regeneration has been presented.
Fluvial and marine controls on combined subaerial and subaqueous delta progradation: Morphodynamic modeling of compound‐clinoform development

[1] Fluviodeltaic systems commonly display a compound-clinoform geometry that consists of a subaerial/subaqueous delta couplet. The extent of subaqueous delta development varies significantly and, in modern systems, is a function of fluvial input and basin hydrodynamics. We present a model of fluviodeltaic progradation in which the repeated occurrence of characteristic terrestrial floods and large coastal storms drives fluvial and shallow marine morphodynamics, respectively. We couple fluvial and shallow marine sediment dynamics via the surf zone, which we collapse to a shock condition and treat as a moving boundary. With steady sediment supply and sea level and simple basin geometry, our model naturally develops prograding deltas with compound-clinoform geometries. The subaerial delta grows via fluvial aggradation and shoreface progradation, whereas the subaqueous delta expands through foreset progradation, with only minor topset aggradation. The interplay of fluvial input with the wave/current field controls the basic partitioning of sediment between subaerial and subaqueous deltas and, by extension, the compound-clinoform geometry. Increasing the frequency or magnitude of coastal storms, decreasing flood frequency or discharge, and reducing grain size all increase the fraction of sediment delivered to the shallow marine environment and the extent of subaqueous delta progradation relative to subaerial delta development. Our model, which emphasizes the intrinsic coupling of fluvial and shallow marine sediment dynamics and downplays the importance of allogenic fluctuations, can explain many of the first-order morphologic features of natural delta systems, including significant lateral separation of the shoreline and clinoform rollover and differing rates of subaerial and subaqueous delta progradation.
NK cell HMGB1 mediates IL-2-induced “systemic autophagic” toxicity

Meeting abstracts High dose Interleukin 2 (HDIL-2) treatment has durable antitumor effects in 5-10% of patients with metastatic melanoma and RCC. The application and efficacy of HDIL-2 treatment is limited due to substantial toxicity. We have previously shown that the toxicity results from cytokine
Chick bone collagenase inhibitor and latency of collagenase

Abstract Collagenase and collagenase inhibitor were isolated from the culture fluid of embryonic chick bone. The inhibitor, separated as a high molecular weight aggregate (160,000–200,000 daltons) during gel filtration in 1M NaCl, dissociated in 6M urea to species of approx 25,000 daltons. The inhibition of collagenase activity by the addition of inhibitor was not reversed by the addition of trypsin or p-aminophenylmercuric acetate. However, isolated inhibitor alone was inactivated by treatment with either trypsin or p-aminophenylmercuric acetate. The results suggest that the latent form of chick bone collagenase is a proenzyme which converts into an active form without a detectable change in molecular weight and that this occurs after the inactivation of collagenase inhibitor.
Surgical management of transposition of the great arteries.

Abstract Sixty-two patients with transposition of the great arteries, ranging in age from one week to thirty-five years, underwent total corrective surgery during a seven year period at Stanford University Hospital. Reported herein are the first patient to undergo complete correction at our hospital and every subsequent patient until October 1974. Eleven patients died, an overall hospital mortality of 18 per cent. Two of thirty-two patients with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum died, one of pulmonary hypertension at seven days of age. Nine of thirty patients with transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect with or without pulmonary stenosis died. Cause of death usually was high pulmonary vascular resistance. The Donovan-Rastelli procedure was performed in ten patients, with three deaths, but all patients survived when the inserted right ventricular outflow contained a xenograft aortic valve. Transposition of the great arteries in the first weeks of life must be considered on the individual merits of each case, but the combined medical and surgical approach must be both expedient and thorough if the patient is to survive.
Duplication of pylorus in the newborn: a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction.

Abstract Complete pyloric obstruction caused by a duplication was relieved by excision without resection of the contiguous pylorus. Histologically all of the normal layers of the pylorus were present. In addition a few foci of pancreatic tissue showing acute inflammation were found.
Implementation of a two-link collision free robot controller

The objective of this paper is to implement a two-link with three-joint robot controller by an 8051 microcontroller system. In order to detect obstacles around the working space, two ultrasonic sensors are attached around the second link. The inverse kinematics of the robot are also derived by a geometry approach and integrated into the system program, so that users are allowed to enter the desired position in Cartesian space. Experimental results indicate that the robot works as expected. This device could be used as a tool for education or industrial applications. Features of this system include high reliability, simplicity, friendly user interface and low cost. >
Scimitar-Horned Oryx (Oryx dammah) Spermatozoa Are Functionally Competent in a Heterologous Bovine In Vitro Fertilization System after Cryopreservation on Dry Ice, in a Dry Shipper, or over Liquid Nitrogen Vapor

A heterologous bovine in vitro fertilization (IVF) system was used to study the functional competence of scimitar-horned oryx spermatozoa after cryopreservation. Four sperm-freezing methods were compared after dilution of ejaculates from six oryx with an equine semen extender: 1) dry ice, 2) dry shipper one-step, 3) dry shipper two-step, and 4) liquid nitrogen vapor. Post-thaw sperm motility, longevity, and acrosomal status were assessed and zona pellucida penetration, fertilization, and embryo cleavage were evaluated after coincubation of thawed oryx spermatozoa with in vitro-matured domestic cow oocytes. Sperm motility index (SMI) decreased (p < 0.05) over a 6-h period, but a high percentage (≥ 65%) of spermatozoa contained intact acrosomes in all treatments. Despite differences in sperm motility among methods, oocyte penetration, fertilization, and embryo cleavage did not differ (p ≥ 0.05). However, cleavage success was < 50% across all treatments. There were positive correlations (p < 0.05; r = 0.81-0.97) between sample SMI at 3 and 6 h and fertilization, penetration, and cleavage, but no correlations (p ≥ 0.05) between SMI at 0 or 1 h and IVF success. This study demonstrates that compatible heterologous gamete interaction allows thorough assessment of post-thaw sperm function in an endangered antelope. Scimitar-horned oryx spermatozoa appear relatively tolerant of varied cryopreservation methods, and preserved samples exhibit adequate post-thaw function to warrant use for assisted reproduction.
Feelings Into Words Contributions of Language to Exposure Therapy

A growing body of research has revealed that labeling an emotion, or putting one's feelings into words, can help to downregulate that affect, as occurs with intentional forms of emotion regulation, such as reappraisal and distraction. We translated this basic research to a real-world clinical context, in which spider-fearful individuals were repeatedly exposed to a live spider. Using a between-subjects design, we compared the effects of affect labeling, reappraisal, distraction from the feared stimulus, and exposure alone during this brief course of exposure therapy on subsequent fear responding. At a 1-week posttest involving a different spider in another context, the affect-labeling group exhibited reduced skin conductance response relative to the other groups and marginally greater approach behavior than the distraction group; however, the affect-labeling group did not differ from the other groups in self-reported fear. Additionally, greater use of anxiety and fear words during exposure was associated with greater reductions in fear responding. Thus, perhaps surprisingly, affect labeling may help to regulate aspects of emotion in a clinical context.
Critical Notice: Scientific Civilization and Its Discontents: Further Reflections on the Science Wars

Abstract This essay reviews two recent books commenting on, and contributing to, the “science wars.” In Who Rules in Science? James Robert Brown respectfully but firmly rejects the “nihilist” and the “naturalist” wings of social constructivism. He rejects attempts to debunk science in the name of a relativist or anarchist epistemology. He also criticizes the “strong programme” in the sociology of knowledge and its implied contrast between reasons and causes. In Prometheus Bedeviled Norman Levitt examines the cultural roots of current discontent with science. Levitt’s analysis—and polemic—charges contemporary culture with a pervasive cheapening of intellectual standards.
jun N-terminal Kinase Mediates Activation of Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Synthase by Insulin in Vivo

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) represent a conserved family of Ser/Thr protein kinases with central roles in intracellular signaling. Activation of three prominent members of the MAPK family, i.e. extracellular response kinases (ERK), jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, was defined in vivo in order to establish their role, if any, in the cardinal response of skeletal muscle to insulin, the activation of glycogen synthesis. Insulin was found to activate ERK, JNK, and p38 in skeletal muscle. The time courses for activation of the three MAPKs by insulin, however, are distinctly different. Activation of JNK occurs most rapidly, within seconds. Activation of p38 by insulin follows that of JNK, within minutes. Activation of ERK occurs last, 4 min after administration of insulin. The temporal relationship between the activation of ERK, JNK, p38 and the downstream elements p90(rsk) and PP-1 in vivo suggest that JNK, but neither ERK nor p38 MAPKs, mediates insulin activation of glycogen synthase in vivo. Activation of JNK by anisomycin in vivo mimics activation of glycogen synthase by insulin. Challenge by anisomycin and insulin, in combination, are not additive, suggesting a common mode of glycogen synthase activation. The p90(rsk) isoform rapidly activated by insulin is identified as RSK3. In addition, RSK3 can be activated by JNK in vitro. Based upon these data a signal linkage map for activation of glycogen synthase in vivo in skeletal muscle can be constructed in which JNK mediates activation of glycogen synthase via RSK3.
Temperature dependence of solar neutrino fluxes.

By comparing neutrino fluxes and central temperatures calculated from 1000 detailed numerical solar models, we derive improved scaling laws which show how each of the neutrino fluxes depends upon the central temperature (flux \ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{T}}^{\mathit{m}}$); we also estimate uncertainties for the temperature exponents. With the aid of a one-zone model of the Sun, we derive expressions for the temperature exponents of the neutrino fluxes. For the most important neutrino fluxes, the exponents calculated with the one-zone model agree to within 20% or better with the exponents extracted from the detailed numerical models. The one-zone model provides a physical understanding of the temperature dependence of the neutrino fluxes. For the pp neutrino flux, the one-zone model explains the (initially surprising) dependence of the flux upon a negative power of the temperature and suggests a new functional dependence. This new function makes explicit the strong anticorrelation between the $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ and pp neutrino fluxes. The one-zone model also predicts successfully the average linear relations between neutrino fluxes, but cannot predict the appreciable scatter in a \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{\mathit{i}}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{\mathit{i}}$ versus \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{\mathit{j}}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{\mathit{j}}$ diagram. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Glucocorticoids in sepsis: dissecting facts from fiction

An intact hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with effective intracellular glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory activity is essential for host survival following exposure to an infectious agent. Glucocorticoids play a major role in regulating the activity of nuclear factorkappa- B, which has a crucial and generalized role in inducing cytokine gene transcription after exposure to an invading pathogen. Severe sepsis is, however, associated with complex alterations of the HPA axis, which may result in decreased production of cortisol as well as glucocorticoid tissue resistance.
Characteristics of a Josephson junction harmonic mixer with external pumping

Numerical calculations are carried out on harmonic mixing with an externally pumped Josephson junction. Bias conditions for optimum conversion efficiency are studied for a variety of junction parameters. The predicted noise temperature for harmonic mixing is compared with that for fundamental mixing at the same signal frequency.
Advances in Chemical Carcinogenesis : A Historical Review and Prospective

The American Association for Cancer Research has been the citadel for communicating research on chemical carcinogens for over a century. It therefore seems appropriate that a review of chemical carcinogenesis inaugurates a series of articles highlighting advances in understanding, treating, and
Folacin and iron status in low-income pregnant adolescents and mature women.

The folacin and iron status and hematocrit (HCT) levels were determined in 269 pregnant low-income subjects at their first prenatal clinic visit to the Maternity and Infant Care Project facility in Gainesville, Florida. The study included 70 adolescents (�b8 years) and 199 mature women (� 18 years). Forty percent ofall subjects had low HCT levels (1st trimester, 50 �ug/dl) for 96% of the subjectsand transferrin saturation was normal (>15%) in 88% of all subjects. The serum iron concentration (mean ± SD = 118 ± 30 �.tg/dl) in the mature women was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the adolescents (129 ± 39 �cg/dl). No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed between oral contraceptive users (within 6 months of conception) and nonusers (no previous use or earlier than 6 months of conception).The data demonstrate that at the initiation of prenatal care, folacin deficiency was much more prevalent than iron deficiency in this low-inoome pregnant population group. Am. J. C/in. Nuir. 33: 0000-0000, 1980.
Impact of Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling on the Predictability of Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations

The impact of air–sea coupling on the predictability of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISO) has been investigated with an atmosphere–ocean coupled model and its atmospheric component. From a 15-yr coupled control run, 20 MISO events are selected. A series of twin perturbation experiments have been conducted for all the selected events using both the coupled model and the atmosphere-only model. Two complementary measures are used to quantify the MISO predictability: (i) the ratio of signal-to-forecast error and (ii) the spatial anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC). In the coupled model, the MISO predictability is generally higher over the Indian sector than that over the western Pacific with a maximum of 35 days in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. Air–sea coupling significantly improves the predictability in almost the entire Asian–western Pacific region. The mean predictability of the MISO-related rainfall over its active area (10°S–30°N, 60°–160°E) reaches about 24 days in the coupled model and is about 17 days in the atmosphere-only model. This result suggests that including an interactive ocean allows the MISO predictability of an atmosphere-only model to be extended by about a week. The extended predictability is primarily due to the coupled model capturing the two-way interactions between the MISO and underlying sea surface. The MISO forces a coherent intraseasonal SST response in underlying ocean that in return exerts an external control on the future evolutions of the MISO. The break phase of the MISO is more predictable than the active phase in both the atmosphere-only model and the coupled model as revealed in the observations. Air–sea coupling appears to extend the MISO predictability uniformly regardless of the active or break phases.
An evaluation of preoperative anxiety in a population of parents of infants and children undergoing ambulatory surgery

We attempted to identify specific predictors of preoperative parental anxiety in a population of parents of healthy infants and children undergoing elective, outpatient surgery. We specifically examined the following factors: age of the child, whether or not the child had previous surgery, whether or not the parents' other children had previous surgery, parental gender, highest level of education obtained by the parent, and whether or not there was prior discussion between the parent and anaesthesiologist. In the immediate preoperative period, a questionnaire (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) was given to all parents of infants and children presenting for elective, outpatient surgery. Six hundred parents of 417 children, aged two months to 16 years (mean = 4.5 years), participated in the study. They included 388 mothers and 212 fathers. Our results indicate that parents are more anxious when their child is less than one year of age and when it is the child's first surgery. When assessed separately by parental gender, both these factors were significant for mothers but not their fathers. We recommend that, although anaesthesiologists generally tailor their preoperative preparation based upon the best needs of their patients and families, they pay special attention to the groups we have identified which are at increased risk for preoperative anxiety.
Consumer characteristics associated with low fat, low cholesterol foods

Abstract This study identifies several characteristics and factors of individuals who are more likely to try low-fat, low-cholesterol foods. The analysis was performed using logit analysis. The results imply that the following individuals are more likely to try low-fat, low-cholesterol foods: those with high incomes, whites compared to blacks, females, those with smaller households, those with high body mass index, those who have a better perception of their own health, those who are aware of the link between diet and disease, nonsmokers, and those who do not agree that people are born fat or thin and that there is nothing one can do about it.
Argon isotopic analysis of breccia veins from the Roter Kamm crater, Namibia, and implications for their thermal history

The rocks exposed in the rim of the 2.5-km-wide and 3.7-Ma-old Roter Kamm crater in southwest Namibia are cut by breccia veins that macroscopically resemble, and were originally described as, pseudotachylytes. The veins were later shown to be cataclasites with no evidence for melting. 40Ar/39Ar data for vein and host rock samples indicate a low-grade metamorphic event at around 300 Ma, but provide no evidence for an impact age. The samples have suffered 5-7% Ar loss, which we associate with the impact event. All the samples record similar ranges of possible timetemperature conditions and there are no resolvable differences between the results for the vein and the host rock samples, as would be expected if frictional heating played an important role in breccia formation. Modeling the 40Ar/39Ar data, assuming instantaneous impact heating followed by extended cooling, and coupling these results to published data on fluid inclusions, quartz precipitation, shock effects, and crater degradation, suggest that the veins reached maximum temperatures of 230-290 °C during impact and never approached melting temperatures of the precursor rocks.
Intraoperative and postoperative complications of radical retropubic prostatectomy in a consecutive series of 1,000 cases

Purpose: We critically examined the intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with radical retropubic prostatectomy in the modern era. Materials and Methods: Between April 18, 1994 and July 13, 2000, 1,000 men underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy performed by a single surgeon. The whole inpatient hospital medical record of 909 patients, the outpatient charts of 955 and a self-administered patient survey completed by 679 were reviewed by 2 data managers not involved in surgical management or followup care. In all 1,000 cases at least 1 of the 3 data sources was reviewed. Results: Mean patient age was 60.3 years. In 73%, 99.8% and 95.7% of cases serum prostate specific antigen was 10 ng./ml. or less, disease was clinical stage T1 or T2 and Gleason score was 7 or less, respectively, while 19.9% of pathological specimens showed positive margins. There were 8 intraoperative complications (0.8%). All 5 rectal injuries and the single ureteral injury were detected during the initial surgical procedure and repaired without sequelae. Only 14 men (1.4%) had any other complications during hospitalization. Until postoperative day 30, 4 pulmonary emboli (0.4%) with or without deep vein thrombosis and 5 myocardial infarctions (0.5%) developed. There were no intraoperative or in-hospital postoperative deaths and only 1 postoperative death secondary to myocardial infarction during the initial 30 days. Reexploration was done for hemorrhage and a disrupted anastomosis in 3 and 2 cases, respectively. Mean hospitalization was 2.3 days, 9.7% of patients required allogenic blood transfusion and 15 (1.5%) were rehospitalized. Conclusions: Our series represents a rigorous assessment of the complications associated with radical retropubic prostatectomy. It shows that in the hands of an experienced urological surgeon, this procedure is associated with minimal intraoperative and postoperative morbidity. Of the patients 98% had no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Our series enables appropriate contemporary comparisons to be made with laparoscopic prostatectomy and radiation therapy. This outcomes analysis implies that radical retropubic prostatectomy cannot be assumed to have greater morbidity than radiation therapy and it sets a high standard for those advocating laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Automated in-situ monitoring of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations and gradients

A fully automated system measuring C2–C6 hydrocarbon concentrations and vertical gradients was installed at Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, using a gas chromatograph with dual flame ionization detectors and cryogenic sample preconcentration. Measurements were made simultaneously at two heights above the forest canopy at forty five minute intervals, continuously from July 1992 to the present. Data for concentration gradients were combined with CO2 flux measured by eddy correlation to determine the rates of production of biogenic hydrocarbons by the forest.
Changing Gender Attitudes in Candidate Countries: The Impact of EU Conditionality — The Case of Turkey

Abstract The impact of the European Union integration process on democratization in candidate states is often considered to be gradual. Yet it could also be argued that the effects can be seen more immediately, often in parallel to the membership negotiations. This paper investigates the impact of EU conditionality on gender attitudes and policies in Turkey to verify the above‐indicated hypothesis. Furthermore, impacts may come during the pre‐accession and accession negotiations phases and thus the effects on gender equality may be short or medium term. Despite major shortcomings that still exist in Turkish legislation, one should acknowledge that the actions of the Turkish government have been particularly significant given the context in which these reforms take place. The Turkish case clearly shows that the speed and depth of reforms of EU conditionality must be examined within a country’s political and socio‐cultural context.
Operators commuting with translation by one part II differential operators with periodic coefficients in Lp(

An extension of the theory of differential equations and linear operators, both of which have many applications to engineering and mathematical physics. This memorandum studies representation of operators used to employ perturbation techniques. These techniques were heretofore applicable only to operators with compact resolvents and to nonself adjoint differential operators with periodic coefficients on . Conditions are given on the coefficients of these operators that ensure that they be spectral (completely reducible) even though they have continuous spectrum.
Breakdown of Laminar Pipe Flow into Transitional Intermittency and Subsequent Attainment of Fully Developed Intermittent or Turbulent Flow

The breakdown of laminar pipe flow into transitional intermittency is predicted numerically here for the first time. Subsequent to transitional intermittency, a fully developed regime is achieved wherein the flow may be either intermittent or fully turbulent. Fully developed friction factors are predicted as a function of the Reynolds number throughout the intermittent regime. These predictions successfully bridge the gap between well-established laminar friction factors and turbulent friction factors. Definitive numerical information is provided about the locations in the pipe at which both laminar breakdown and fully developed attainment occur. These locations are a function of the Reynolds number. The streamwise changes in the velocity profiles reflect the complex evolution of the flow as it passes through the successive regimes. For design purposes, information is provided for the pressure drop that characterizes the evolving flow. The numerical results correspond to an inlet turbulence intensity leve...
PTSD in children and adolescents: toward an empirically based algorithma

In considering potential revisions for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), describing developmental influences on symptomatic expression is a high priority. This review presents a number of options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V. Research conducted in the past 15 years is reviewed that pertains to expressions of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in preschool and school age children and in adolescents. This research has attempted to determine the usefulness of the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD in children and adolescents. Based on the studies of preschool children, evidence supports two sets of suggestions: first, we suggest that developmental manifestations are warranted in A-D criteria of PTSD; and second, we suggest that a developmental preschool PTSD subtype is warranted that lowers the C threshold from three to one symptom. For school-age children and young adolescents, the evidence is more limited. Nevertheless, there is also evidence suggesting that modifications in PTSD criteria A-D, including fewer Cluster C symptoms, may facilitate accurate diagnosis in this age group.
The Distribution of Phosphorus in Romano-British Ironwork

Phosphorus is found to be a common impurity in many of the iron tools and weapons produced during the pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages of Britain (600 BC - 300 AD). The effects of this impurity on the properties and performance of antiquarian materials is not well understood, however. This paper presents the initial findings of an in-depth study of the distribution, chemistry, and effects of phosphorus in Romano-British ironwork. For this purpose, two Romano-British iron artifacts from the site of Ircheoter, Northamptonshire, were examined using powerful techniques for archeological materials analysis that include electron microprobe, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energydispersive x-ray spectroscopy capabilities (EDXS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It was found that phosphorous was indeed present in the artifacts. The phosphorus atoms were predominantly segregated at grain boundaries and thus should have led to a lowering of grain boundary cohesion and a degradation in the performance of the tools.
An evaluation of Longley-Rice and GTD propagation models

The theory of operation for a terrain-sensitive propagation path loss model based upon the geometrical theory of diffraction, modified for finite conductivity and local surface roughness, is offered. An evaluation of this new model's performance with respect to the contemporary Longley-Rice point-to-point model is provided by comparisons of modeled and measured data.
Analysis of lateral-mode confinement in VCSELs with ring metal apertures

The role of metal apertures in the mechanism of lateral-mode confinement in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is clarified by means of a detailed effective-frequency-method (EFM) analysis of an oxide-confined VCSEL structure with the oxide window larger than the p-contact metal aperture. We show that a ring metal contact on top of the VCSEL structure can change the conditions for lateral waveguiding by significantly modifying the local resonant properties of the VCSEL cavity. Resonant effects are demonstrated in the longitudinal coupled-cavity system consisting of the designed laser cavity, determined by two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and a spacer, and a very short cavity formed by the top DBR and the semiconductor-metal interface. The conditions for suppression of higher order lateral modes using metal apertures are established.
Tau neutrinos underground: Signals of muon-neutrino ---> tau neutrino oscillations with extragalactic neutrinos

The appearance of high energy tau neutrinos due to {nu}{sub {mu}}{yields}{nu}{sub {tau}} oscillations of extragalactic neutrinos can be observed by measuring the neutrino induced upward hadronic and electromagnetic showers and upward muons. We evaluate quantitatively the tau neutrino regeneration in the Earth for a variety of extragalactic neutrino fluxes. Charged-current interactions of the upward tau neutrinos below and in the detector, and the subsequent tau decay, create muons or hadronic and electromagnetic showers. The background for these events are muon neutrino and electron neutrino charged-current and neutral-current interactions, where in addition to extragalactic neutrinos, we consider atmospheric neutrinos. We find significant signal to background ratios for the hadronic combined with electromagnetic showers with energies above 10--100 TeV initiated by the extragalactic neutrinos. We show that the tau neutrinos from point sources also have the potential for discovery above a 1 TeV threshold. A kilometer-size neutrino telescope has a very good chance of detecting the appearance of tau neutrinos when both muon and hadronic combined with electromagnetic showers are detected.
Downstream decay of fully developed Dean flow

Direct numerical simulations were used to investigate the downstream decay of fully developed flow in a curved pipe that exits into a straight outlet. The flow is studied for a range of Reynolds numbers and pipe-to-curvature radius ratios. Velocity, pressure and vorticity fields are calculated to visualize the downstream decay process. Transition ‘decay’ lengths are calculated using the norm of the velocity perturbation from the Hagen–Poiseuille velocity profile, the wall-averaged shear stress, the integral of the magnitude of the vorticity, and the maximum value of the -criterion on a cross-section. Transition lengths to the fully developed Poiseuille distribution are found to have a linear dependence on the Reynolds number with no noticeable dependence on the pipe-to-curvature radius ratio, despite the flow’s dependence on both parameters. This linear dependence of Reynolds number on the transition length is explained by linearizing the Navier–Stokes equations about the Poiseuille flow, using the form of the fully developed Dean flow as an initial condition, and using appropriate scaling arguments. We extend our results by comparing this flow recovery downstream of a curved pipe to the flow recovery in the downstream outlets of a T-junction flow. Specifically, we compare the transition lengths between these flows and document how the transition lengths depend on the Reynolds number.
Alloantigen-Stimulated Anti-HIV Activity

A number of studies have suggested that an immune response to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloantigens may contribute to protection against HIV infection. In the present study, we examined the effect of alloantigen-stimulated cell lines obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-uninfected (HIV−) individuals and the soluble factors produced by these cell lines on HIV-1 replication. Multiple in vitro restimulation with irradiated allogeneic PBMC from HIV− donors resulted in the expansion of CD8+ T-cell lines that inhibited HIV-1 replication when cocultured with either autologous or heterologous in vitro–infected phytohemagglutinin (PHA) blasts. Supernatants from the alloantigen-stimulated cell lines also inhibited HIV replication in both PHA blasts and a chronically infected cell line. The alloantigen-stimulated cell lines and the factors they produced inhibited both T-cell–tropic (T) and macrophage-tropic (M) isolates of HIV-1. Blocking experiments using anti-chemokine antibodies suggested that this inhibition of HIV replication was not due to the β-chemokines present in cocultures of cell lines with HIV-infected blasts. These results indicate that alloantigen-stimulation of PBMC from HIV−individuals activates CD8+ T cells that produce soluble factor(s) that inhibit HIV replication of a wide spectrum of HIV-1 isolates through a chemokine-independent mechanism. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
Ambiguous Interests: Maternal Desires and Fetal Interests.

In “Fetal Risks, Relative Risks, and Relatives' Risks”, Minkoff and Marshall (2016) argue against the claim that pregnant women may never put their fetuses at risk, concluding that such a principle...
Comparative Analysis of Autografting in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Effects of Priming Regimen and Marrow or Blood Origin of Stem Cells

The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the effect of intermediate (cyclophosphamide alone) or intensive (mitoxantrone, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide) priming on the cytogenetic response in mobilized bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) progenitors in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), (2) to determine the incidence of cytogenetic remissions after mobilized progenitor transplantation in CML, and (3) to determine the effect of in vivo priming on the ability to select Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-negative) CD34(+)HLA-DR- cells from mobilized BM or PB in quantities sufficient for transplantation. Between February 1994 and March 1997, 44 patients were enrolled in three sequential protocols. Although the duration of neutropenia after only cyclophosphamide mobilization was shorter, clinical morbidity for the intermediate and intensive priming protocols was similar. Cytogenetic responses in mobilized PB progenitors were similar after mobilization with either intermediate or intensive chemotherapy. The degree of Ph negativity in the mobilized product correlated with disease stage at the time of mobilization (early chronic phase [ECP] > late CP > accelerated phase). Cytogenetic responses after transplantation with mobilized progenitors obtained after the different regimens were similar. The cytogenetic status of the graft predicted the cytogenetic status of marrow obtained 3 weeks after transplantation whereas cytogenetic responses 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation correlated with the number of BCR/ABL-negative CD34(+)HLA-DR- cells, but not the number of Ph-negative metaphases in the graft. In patients with ECP CML, mobilized PB collections yielded significantly more CD34(+)HLA-DR- cells than from steady state or mobilized BM. CD34(+)HLA-DR- cells were Ph negative and polyclonal (X-chromosome inactivation) in the majority of ECP CML patients, before and after mobilization and irrespective of the mobilization regimen. Because infusion of large numbers of Ph-negative CD34(+)HLA-DR- cells predicted superior outcome after transplantation, approaches in which CD34(+)HLA-DR- cells are selected from mobilized PB may result in longer lasting and clinically significant cytogenetic responses after transplantation.
Japan’s Foreign Policies between World Wars: Sources and Interpretations

Gendaishi shiryō [Documents on Contemporary History] (Tokyo: Misuzu Shobō, 1964–6): Vol. VII: Manshū jihen [The Manchurian Incident] lxiv, 606. S500 yen. Vol. VIII: Nit-Chū sensō: I [The Sino-Japanese War: I] lxxv, 821. 3000 yen. Vol. IX: Nit-Chū sensō: II [The Sino-Japanese War: II] Iv, 798. 3000 yen. Vol. X: Nit-Chū sensō: III [The Sino-Japanese War: III] ci, 705. 3000 yen. Vol. XI: Zoku Manshū jihen [The Manchurian Incident, continued] xxxii, 991. 3500 yen. Vol. xii: Nit-Chū sensō: IV [The Sino-Japanese War: IV] xxxiii, 596. 2500 yen. Vol. XIII: Nit-Chū sensō: IV [The Sino-Japanese War: V] xxiii, 731. 2800 yen.
Second Harmonic Correlation Spectroscopy: A Method for Determining Surface Binding Kinetics and Thermodynamics

These studies describe the implementation of second harmonic correlation spectroscopy (SHCS) to measure the adsorption and desorption kinetics of molecular species associated with a surface. Specifically, the local fluctuations of the measured second harmonic (SH) signal were used to determine the binding kinetics and thermodynamics of (S)-(+)-1,1′-bi-2-napthol SBN intercalation into a 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline (DOPC) bilayer. In order to determine the adsorption and desorption rates, the SH signal was collected above saturation concentration at steady-state equilibrium as a function of time. The autocorrelated SH signal was then fit to a correlation model developed for molecules binding at a surface when there is no contribution from molecules in solution. The measured adsorption rate for SBN to DOPC was 2.7 ± 0.2 × 103 s–1 M–1 and the desorption rate was 9 ± 4 × 10–4 s–1. The kinetic rates as well as the calculated equilibrium binding constant, 3.0 ± 1.3 × 106 M–1 obtained from SHCS were c...
Stimulation by Insulin of Protein Synthesis in Isolated Fat Cells.

This communication presents evidence that insulin, in physiological concentration, stimulates synthesis of protein from amino acids by individual fat cells of rat epididymal adipose tissue.Methods. The isolated fat cell preparation is obtained by a modification of Rodbell's technique (1). Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 110-210 g, were utilized. Eight animals were used in each experiment. The rats, in a fed state, were sacrificed by decapitation. Distal segments of epididymal adipose tissue were quickly excised, weighed, and added to 8-10 ml of Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solution containing 1 mg/ml glucose, 4% bovine albumin, and 20 mg of collagenase.† The albumin was previously purified by filtering through #42 Whatman paper followed by dialysis, utilizing Krebs-Ringer solution, for 18-24 hours. Before incubation, the pH of the medium was adjusted precisely to 7.4. Following incubation for one hour at 37°C in a Dubnoff metabolic shaker, the adipose tissue preparation was filtered through surgical gauze....
A novel flowfield solution in a rectangular cavity subject to small amplitude oscillations

In a long, low aspect ratio, rectangular cavity, where transmission of a classic mean flow is permitted through compliant walls, a wave-induced time-dependent field is established when low amplitude, sinusoidal pressure oscillations with nonzero mean are introduced. An accurate solution is extracted for the time-dependent field by way of small parameter perturbations. Contingent upon small pressure wave amplitudes, Navier-Stokes equations are normalized and linearized to the order of the blowing Mach number, a typically small quantity, to yield the interaction equations governing the time-dependent velocity field. The latter is decomposed into irrotational and solenoidal fields that are coupled through Dirichlet-type boundary conditions. Solving for the rotational field from the momentum equation employs separation of variables and multiple scale expansions based on the reciprocal of the kinetic Reynolds number. A uniformly valid solution is formulated for the time-dependent field, disclosing thereon the character of the acoustic boundary layer developed from traveling waves that decay when distanced from the wall. The rate of decay is found to depend on a viscous similarity parameter, revealing that deeper penetration of rotational waves is possible at low viscosity. Characterization of the rotational boundary layer region is included in addition to a standard error analysis to ascertain the order of the truncation error associated with the analytical derivation. In the absence of an exact solution to rely on, results are verified through comparisons to highly accurate numerical predictions.
MDS1/EVI1 enhances TGF-β1 signaling and strengthens its growth-inhibitory effect, but the leukemia-associated fusion protein AML1/MDS1/EVI1, product of the t(3;21), abrogates growth-inhibition in response to TGF-β1

MDS1/EVI1 enhances TGF-β1 signaling and strengthens its growth-inhibitory effect, but the leukemia-associated fusion protein AML1/MDS1/EVI1, product of the t(3;21), abrogates growth-inhibition in response to TGF-β1
Simulator Induced Syndrome: Evidence for Long Term Simulator Aftereffects

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and significance of adverse symptoms occurring in pilots more than 24 hours after completion of flight simulator training. This continued occurrence or recurrence of symptoms is termed by the author as “Long Term Simulator Aftereffects” (LTSA). Information was gathered by multi-part, anonymous, and voluntary questionnaire. Nine (4.6%) of 196 pilots studied reported LTSA. Several pilots reported symptoms up to one week and one three weeks post simulator training. Symptoms reported included: recurrent visual flashbacks, continued disturbance in balance, difficulties in concentrating and hand-eye discoordination. Three pilots (1.5%) reported difficulties in flying aircraft. There was no statistically significant association between LTSA and: total flight time, total simulator time, length of simulator training, self-determined motion sickness susceptibility, and sex. Simulator training can result in the occurrence of long term (1 day) ad...
Abstract 5453: Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A induces oxidative stress and inhibits tumor progression

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC As the result of genetic alterations and tumor hypoxia, many cancer cells avidly take up glucose and generate lactate through lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which is encoded by a target gene of c-Myc and HIF-1. Previous studies with reduction of LDHA expression indicate that LDHA is involved in tumor initiation, but its role in tumor maintenance and progression has not been established. Furthermore, how reduction of LDHA expression by interference or antisense RNA inhibits tumorigenesis is not well understood. Here, we report that reduction of LDHA by siRNA or its inhibition by a small molecule inhibitor (FX11) reduced ATP levels and induced significant oxidative stress and cell death that could be partially reversed by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, we document that FX11 inhibited the progression of sizable human lymphoma and pancreatic cancer xenografts. When used in combination with the NAD+ synthesis inhibitor FK866, FX11 induced lymphoma regression. Hence, inhibition of LDHA with FX11 is an achievable and tolerable treatment for LDHA-dependent tumors. Our studies document a therapeutic approach to the Warburg effect and demonstrate that oxidative stress and metabolic phenotyping of cancers are critical aspects of cancer biology to consider for the therapeutic targeting of cancer energy metabolism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5453.