cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron coherent and incoherent pairing instabilities in inhomogeneous bipartite and nonbipartite nanoclusters

Abstract Exact calculations of collective excitations and charge/spin (pseudo) gaps in an ensemble of bipartite and nonbipartite clusters yield level crossing degeneracies, spin-charge separation, condensation and recombination of electron charge and spin driven by interaction strength, inter-site couplings and temperature. Near crossing degeneracies, the electron configurations of the lowest energies control the physics of electronic pairing, phase separation and magnetic transitions. Rigorous conditions are found for the smooth and dramatic phase transitions with competing stable and unstable inhomogeneities. Condensation of electron charge and spin degrees at various temperatures offers a new mechanism of pairing and a possible route to superconductivity in inhomogeneous systems, different from the BCS scenario. Small bipartite and frustrated clusters exhibit charge and spin inhomogeneities in many respects typical for nano and heterostructured materials. The calculated phase diagrams in various geometries may be linked to atomic scale experiments in high T c cuprates, manganites and other concentrated transition metal oxides.
Deformation potential of irradiation induced traps in p-type germanium from length measurements

Abstract When p -type germanium is electron irradiated at liquid nitrogen temperature, a metastable electron trap is formed within the forbidden energy gap. Shifting 5 × 10 17 electrons from the valence band to this metastable level produces very little change in length in the sample. This is interpreted to mean that the deformation potential constants are nearly the same for the metastable energy level and the valence band edge.
A pathway from ribulose phosphate to phosphoglycerate involving bicarbonate in hemolysates of human erythrocytes.

Abstract Human erythrocytes were found to metabolize bicarbonate as evidenced from studies of incorporation of bicarbonate- 14 C into acid-stable compounds. Ribulose diphosphate or ribulose 5-phosphate and ATP were the substrates. Erythrocytes contain ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (carboxydismutase) and phosphoribulokinase, both of which were partially purified. Products of the metabolism of ribulose diphosphate in hemolyzates of erythrocytes were 3-phosphoglycerate and pyruvate. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase was purified 70-fold from hemolyzates by treatment with Sephadex G-100, DEAE-cellulose, and ammonium sulfate. Phosphoribulokinase activity was demonstrated as alkali-labile phosphate produced from ribose-5-P, and as 14 C of bicarbonate incorporated into acid-stable compounds. It could be demonstrated in a 40% saturated ammonium sulfate precipitate of hemolyzates, or purified by treatment of hemolyzates with Sephadex G-100, calcium phosphate gel, and Sephadex G-25. It is believed the synthesis of 3-phosphoglycerate in a sequence alternate to glycolysis may effect the magnitude of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes, while the metabolism of bicarbonate may explain reported improved viability of erythrocytes stored under CO 2 .
Attitude of prospective surgical residents regarding surgery for morbid obesity

Background: Obesity and associated co-morbidities have become an epidemic in the United States. As surgery for obesity becomes more common, surgical training programs need to address this growing demand. We conducted this study to assess prospective surgery trainees' attitudes and knowledge regarding surgery for morbid obesity. Methods: An anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was given to prospective surgical residency applicants to complete during their interview. The questionnaire included basic demographic information and addressed the applicants' attitudes and basic knowledge about surgery for obesity. Results: 57 applicants to the surgical residency program completed the survey. Demographic information included: 51% male, 36% from the Northeast, 32% with obese family members, and 93% applying for a categorical surgery position. 81% of applicants had been exposed to bariatric surgery. Although 70% of applicants would perform bariatric surgery as part of their practice, only 44% would make this their career. Reasons for reluctance to treat bariatric surgery patients included: more complications (46%), non-compliant patients (33%), and technically demanding surgery (18%). 89% responded that they would recommend bariatric surgery to a family member, but only 77% would consider it for themselves. Overall correct answers regarding bariatric surgery knowledge were 74%. Conclusions: Attitudes and knowledge about surgery for morbid obesity were generally positive in prospective surgical trainees. Medical school curriculum and surgical training programs should continue to expose trainees to information from this ever-growing field.
Increased Nitric Oxide Production in Response to Increased Flow or Pressure in Arteries and Veins of Isolated Ferret Lungs

Increased Nitric Oxide Production in Response to Increased Flow or Pressure in Arteries and Veins of Isolated Ferret Lungs
The relation of dialogic, control, and racial socialization practices to early academic and social competence: effects of gender, ethnicity, and family socioeconomic status.

This research tests the relations of parental practices to child competence and assertions that practices differ by gender of the child. Home-based interviews and structured observations of parent-child interactions were conducted with an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of families (N = 501) whose 4-year-old children were served in public prekindergarten. Study data confirmed the importance of parental practices for children's academic and social competence but did not support claims that use of any of the practices was related to the child's gender. Significant differences were found for economic status on dialogic practices and for ethnicity on control and ethnic socialization. Poor parents employed dialogic practices less than nonpoor parents' and African American parents employed dialogic practices less often and control and ethnic socialization more often than European Americans. Dialogic practices were related to competence, but parental control and ethnic socialization were not.
General Analysis of 14N (I = 1) Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation

Abstract The analysis methods described to date for 14N electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) mostly deal with isotropic g- and 14N hyperfine coupling tensors. However, many cases of rhombic tensors are encountered. In the present report we present general equations for analyzing orientation-selective ESEEM and illustrate their use. (i) We present general equations for the nuclear interactions in an electron spin system where the EPR signal arises from an isolated Kramers doublet, then give the nuclear (electron-nuclear double resonance) frequencies for I = 1 associated with such a system. (ii) These are incorporated into equations for single-crystal ESEEM amplitudes, which in turn are incorporated into general equations for the orientation-selective ESEEM that arises when the EPR envelope of a frozen-solution (powder) sample is determined by g anisotropy. (iii) This development is first used in the simplest limit of an isotropic g-tensor and leads to a more general picture of the response of the I = 1 modulation amplitude to variations in the nuclear hyperfine and quadrupole coupling constants, relative to the nuclear Zeeman interaction, than had been presented previously. We find that strong modulation occurs not only in the well-known regime where the “exact/near cancellation” condition (A/2 ∼ νN) is satisfied, but also when the nuclear hyperfine interaction is much larger than the nuclear Zeeman interaction (A/νN > 3) with A/K = 4 ∼ 5. (iv) We then describe the orientation-selective 14N ESEEM frequency-domain patterns (g vs frequency) in the presence of anisotropic (rhombic) hyperfine and electron Zeeman interactions for both coaxial and noncoaxial cases. We derive analytical solutions when the g-, hyperfine, and nuclear quadrupole tensors are coaxial. (v) The method is applied to the ESEEM of the nitrogenase MoFe protein (Av1) to determine the full hyperfine and nuclear quadrupole tensors of 14N nuclei interacting with the S = 3 2 FeMo-cofactor (Fe7S8Mo: homocitrate).
Morphine as a cue in associative tolerance to morphine's analgesic effects

Abstract This study examined the extent to which low doses of morphine paired explicity with high doses would gain associative control over tolerance development in rats. Tolerance development was assessed by evaluating dose-response curves to the analgesic effects of morphine on the tail-flick test. The results indicated that tolerance development was not influenced by the pairing of low doses with high doses.
Wildlife Stakeholder Acceptance Capacity for black bears, beavers, and other beasts in the east

The formal concept of wildlife stakeholder acceptance capacity (WSAC) in wildlife management is less than a generation old. The genesis of wildlife management in North America occurred during a tim...
Role of herpes simplex virus ICP27 in the degradation of mRNA by virion host shutoff RNase.

The virion host shutoff (VHS) RNase tegument protein released into cells by infecting virus has two effects. Preexisting stable mRNAs (e.g., GAPDH [glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase]) are rapidly degraded. Stress response RNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) are deadenylated and cleaved, but the cleavage products persist for hours, in contrast to the short half-lives of ARE-containing mRNAs in uninfected cells. At late times, the VHS RNase is neutralized by the viral structural proteins VP16 and VP22. A recent study (J. A. Corcoran, W. L. Hsu, and J. R. Smiley, J. Virol. 80:9720-9729, 2006) reported that, at relatively late times after infection, ARE RNAs are rapidly degraded in cells infected with ΔICP27 mutant virus and concluded that ICP27 “stabilizes” ARE mRNAs. We report the following. (i) The rates of degradation of ARE mRNA at early times (3 h) after infection with the wild type or the ΔICP27 mutant virus are virtually identical, and hence ICP27 plays no role in this process. (ii) In noncomplementing cells, VHS RNase or VP22 is not synthesized. Therefore, the only VHS that is active is brought into cells by the ΔICP27 mutant. (ii) The VHS RNase brought into the cells by the ΔICP27 virus is reduced in potency relative to that of wild-type virus. Hence the rapid degradation of ARE mRNAs noted in ΔICP27 mutant-infected cells at late times is similar to that taking place in mock-infected or in ΔVHS RNase mutant-virus-infected cells and does not by itself support the hypothesis that ICP27 stabilizes ARE mRNAs. (iii) Concurrently, we present the first evidence that VHS RNase interacts with ICP27 most likely when bound to cap- and poly(A)-binding proteins, respectively.
Model Systems for Study of Perturbations of Myelin Metabolism

The ordered structure of the myelin sheath with its attachment to the oligodendroglial cell in the central nervous system or to the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system must be considered as a metabolic unit. Moreover, it is apparent that the integrity of this unit is also dependent on an intact relationship with the nerve axon. Injury to any part of the glia-myelin-axon entity may cause metabolic injury to the total system. In many demyelinative disorders the site of damage or failure which causes collapse of the rest of the system is unknown, although neuropathologists have traditionally differentiated between myelin collapse with axon sparing and myelin dissolution as a result of axonal injury. The causes of inadequate myelination of axons are even more mysterious, although the primary cause is likely to be related to the metabolic failure of the oligodendroglial or Schwann cells.
Selection and characterization of mutants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium exhibiting ligninolytic activity under nutrient-rich conditions.

Synthesis of the ligninolytic system of the wood-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is induced during secondary metabolism, brought about by nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur starvation. We describe here a strategy for selection of mutants which are ligninolytic (lignin----CO2) and overproduce lignin-degrading enzymes (ligninases) under nutrient-rich conditions (during primary metabolism). The strategy is based on using an adduct of lysine and a lignin model compound. Ligninase-dependent oxidation of this adduct releases free lysine, which complements the lysine requirements of a lysine auxotroph. Accordingly, a lysine auxotroph was mutagenized by UV irradiation and survivors were plated onto medium containing the adduct and high ammonia nitrogen. Four mutants which overproduce the ligninase isozymes were isolated by this procedure. Further characterization of one of the mutants, PSBL-1, indicated that the predominant isozymes produced are H1 (pI = 4.7) and H2 (pI = 4.4). The ligninase activity of PSBL-1, measured by veratryl alcohol oxidation, peaks on day 5 at over 1,000 U.liter-1. The mutant PSBL-1 was also able to degrade [14C]lignin to 14CO2, indicating that the complete ligninolytic system is deregulated.
Extending dynamic backtracking to solve weighted conditional CSPs

Many planning and design problems can be characterized as optimal search over a constrained network of conditional choices with preferences. To draw upon the advanced methods of constraint satisfaction to solve these types of problems, many dynamic and flexible CSP variants have been proposed. One such variant is the Weighted Conditional CSP (WCCSP). So far, however, little work has been done to extend the full suite of CSP search algorithms to solve these CSP variants. In this paper, we extend Dynamic Backtracking and similar backjumping-based CSP search algorithms to solve WCCSPs by utilizing activity constraints and soft constraints in order to quickly prune infeasible and suboptimal regions of the search space. We provide experimental results on randomly generated WCCSP instances to prove these claims.
Turnover Turned Over: An Expanded and Positive Perspective

The negative impact of turnover is well documented in the literature. This paper examines turnover with a unique, positive focus. Turnover is reviewed, not only from the standpoint of the organizational theorist, but with economic, sociological, and psychological/social psychological perspectives. Often ignored benefits of turnover are noted.
The Presidential Address of the Endocrine Society--fifty years of progress and tomorrow's frontiers.

Special Guests, Fellow Endocrinologists, Ladies and Gentlemen: This is the 25th Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society that I have been able to attend. Each one that I have attended has been better than the previous one, and provided me with new and important information which excited interesting and sometimes valid new and challenging ideas and concepts. I believe that this year, which marks our Golden Anniversary, our members and their associates, with the organizational assistance of a most able Program Committee, have outdone themselves. They have provided us with opportunities to listen to a great many reports of imaginative and exciting new studies covering the entire spectrum of endocrinology, studies which had been executed with a variety of new investigative methods and tools. It is most appropriate that our Society should present such an excellent scientific program in observance of its Fiftieth Anniversary.
Manipulating Ultra-High Definition Video Traffic

Compared to the widely deployed high-definition (HD) format, ultra-high definition (UHD) defines video parameters associated with higher spatial resolutions, higher frame rates, higher sample bit depths, and a wider color gamut. UHD promises to significantly enhance the user experience with pictures that offer the "look out the window"' effect. However, this promise comes at the cost of increased bandwidth required to deliver UHD. This article explores on-demand UHD video streaming using the latest video compression and delivery technologies. The proposed solution uses the scalable extensions of HEVC (SHVC) to efficiently compress, store, and deliver UHD video in a large-scale streaming system. With scalability, backward compatibility is maintained and the quality of the existing HD services is guaranteed.
Thermodynamics of Ferroelectric Solid Solutions with Morphotropic Phase Boundaries

A thermodynamic analysis is presented for the diffusionless phase diagrams of ferroelectric solid solutions that display a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating adjacent tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. Equations are developed for the shape of the MPB, the locations of triple and tricritical points, and for the line along which the anisotropy of polarization vanishes. The appearance of lower symmetry orthorhombic and monoclinic phases is considered and the topologies of energy surfaces in the region of the phase diagram where these phases may stabilize are illustrated. The theory is applied to the solid solution of lead zirconate with lead titanate (PZT) and relationships between polar anisotropy and the transformation strain, dielectric susceptibility and piezoelectric properties, are discussed. The analysis is used to reproduce phase boundary lines for solid solutions of lead titanate with lead magnesium niobate (PMN-PT) and lead zinc niobate (PZN-PT) and composition–temperature diagrams along isopleths in the ternary system PMN-PZT are estimated. The anisotropies of polarization in solid solutions based on lead titanate and barium titanate are contrasted. The results provide a thermodynamic framework useful for guiding experimental investigations of ferroelectric solid solutions and for generating energy functions used in constitutive modeling and phase field simulations of microstructure and properties.
Dose- and time-dependent biphasic response to morphine on intestinal migrating myoelectric complex

We investigated the biphasic response to morphine infusion on migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) cycling in seven conscious dogs. Morphine infusions at the rate of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 micrograms/kg/hr were started at 0 or 40% of MMC cycle and continued for 3 hr in each experiment. All infusion rates starting at 40% of MMC cycle initiated the first postinfusion MMC cycle prematurely (P less than .05). The mean period of the first postinfusion MMC cycle decreased for higher infusion rates. After the first premature MMC cycle, higher infusion rates (500 and 1000 micrograms/kg/hr) inhibited MMC cycling completely whereas the lower infusion rates inhibited MMC cycling in a dose-dependent manner. When infusion was started at 0% of MMC cycle, the first premature MMC cycle occurred consistently only at 20 micrograms/kg/hr. For higher infusion rates, initiation of premature MMC cycle or inhibition of MMC cycling was dose-dependent. Naloxone blocked both the excitatory and the inhibitory effects of morphine on MMC cycling. Morphine infusions also initiated phase III activity in the postprandial state in a dose-dependent manner. Truncal vagotomy and splanchnectomy did not abolish the excitatory or the inhibitory effects of morphine on MMC cycling. We conclude that morphine infusion has a biphasic effect on MMC cycling. The exact nature of the response depends on the dose of morphine and the time in the MMC cycle when infusion is started. Both the excitatory and the inhibitory responses may be mediated through peripheral mu opiate receptors.
P-38 Linking post-gastric bypass surgery weight loss goals/success to initial bmi

Background: A widely accepted method for estimating weight loss following gastric bypass surgery is percent of excess body mass index (BMI) loss (%EBL). Because the amount of excess body weight is higher in patients with higher BMIs, the %EBL during the postoperative period is commonly lower despite the higher absolute weight loss (i.e., pounds lost); thus patients may be considered failures despite substantial weight loss. We developed a method to standardize weight loss following gastric bypass surgery that accounts for pre-operative BMI. Methods: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients with 12 months of post-operative follow-up were included (12 month follow-up rate is 90%). After stratifying by baseline BMI, the distribution of 18-month BMI measures was analyzed to calculate the 10th%tile within each group (i.e. the 10% of patients with the lowest BMI at 18-months). Linear regression was used to create a formula for post-operative BMI using baseline BMI as the independent variable. Results: A total of 1,349 patients (81% female) with a mean age of 46.6 years were studied. Baseline BMI was grouped as 35-39 (n 113), 40-44 (n 342), 45-49 (n 318), 50-54 (n 273), 55-59 (n 144), and 60 (n 159) kg/m. The 10th %tile for 18-month BMI highly correlated with baseline BMI (r-squared 0.9987, pvalue .0001; 18-month BMI 4.564 (0.558*baseline BMI). Conclusion: Establishing %EWL criteria based upon initial BMI as a goal/measure of success, after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass accounts for absolute differences in weight loss across BMI categories. This measure defines an achievable goal for new patients and provides a new standard of post-operative weight loss measurement. More research is needed to validate this measure with co-morbidity resolution and improvement in other health outcomes in a larger, more diverse cohort.
Reconceptualizing the Primary Auditory Cortex: Learning, Memory and Specific Plasticity

Since 1985, attitudes about the role of the primary auditory cortex (AI) in learning, memory, and adult plasticity have changed from a denial, or studied disinterest, to an acceptance of these roles and, presently, to a new lack of interest. From the traditional assumption that AI is only an acoustic analyzer to the prevalent belief that learning-induced plasticity serves only to facilitate sensory analysis, auditory neuroscientists are expressing (more in private than in publication) a growing boredom with cortical plasticity. One worker wondered: “How much longer must we be subjected to endless demonstrations of plasticity?” From one viewpoint, this attitude is completely understandable, because (almost) every study of plasticity finds plasticity, first for acoustic frequency and, more recently, for any other acoustic parameter that has been used as a signal for reward or punishment. If all that has been gained is the continued compilation of plasticity demonstrations, boredom would be justified. But that is not all there is to it.
Contrasting styles of reservoir development in proximal and distal chert facies: Devonian Thirtyone Formation, Texas

The lower Devonian Thirtyone Formation of west Texas and New Mexico is one of the largest chert reservoir successions in the world, having accounted for more than 750 million bbl of oil production. As much as 650 million bbl of additional mobile oil remains in these reservoirs, making this play an important target for further exploitation. A major limitation on the recovery of this remaining oil resource is an appreciation of the controls on reservoir development and heterogeneity. Although all Thirtyone chert reservoirs have much in common, they can be divided into proximal and distal settings, each of which is characterized by distinct depositional geometries and styles of reservoir heterogeneity. Proximal reservoirs, represented by Three Bar field, are composed of a single, thick, sheetlike chert unit, which extends for hundreds of square miles. Heterogeneity in these reservoirs, which were formed by strike-parallel deposition on a gently sloping outer platform during regional transgression, is primarily a function of faulting, fracturing, and dissolution of associated carbonate along unconformities. Small-scale (bed-scale) heterogeneity also exists within the tabular chert body, resulting from variations in silica deposition and diagenesis between and among beds. By contrast, distal reservoir successions, typified by University Waddell field, comprise thin, vertically stacked and laterally discontinuous chert intervals whose origin is a function of transport and deposition of siliceous sediments as debris flows and turbidites. Flow units in these reservoirs are thin (10-20 ft [3-6 m]) and separated vertically and laterally from one another by low-permeability mud-rich, siliceous sediments and hemipelagic deposits. The distribution of flow units is the result of both paleotopography and sea level cyclicity. Chert units are most abundant in transgressive and early highstand legs of sea level rise-fall cycles and display offset stacking suggestive of topographically controlled reciprocal sedimentation. Faults and fractures appear to (Begin page 8) be relatively minor contributors to reservoir heterogeneity in distal reservoirs.
Diallyl disulfide inhibits p34cdc2 kinase activity through changes in complex formation and phosphorylation

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that diallyl disulfide (DADS), an oil-soluble allyl sulfur compound found in processed garlic, markedly suppressed p34(cdc2) kinase activity and induced a G(2)/M phase arrest in cultured human colon tumor (HCT-15) cells. The present studies reveal that suppression of p34(cdc2) kinase activity by DADS does not result from direct interactions with the protein, but through changes in factors influencing the formation and conversion of the enzyme to its active form. Flow cytometric analyses showed that the increased proportion of cells in the G(2)/M phase following DADS treatment was accompanied by an increase in cyclin B(1) protein expression. A temporal and dose-dependent response in cyclin B(1) expression was observed in cells treated with DADS. Western blot analysis revealed that 50 microM DADS did not influence the quantity of p34(cdc2) protein expressed, but did decrease the amount associated with cyclin B(1) by 26% (P < 0.05). Exposure of unsynchronized cells to 25 or 50 microM DADS caused a trend towards increased p34(cdc2) hyperphosphorylation (17 and 22%, respectively). Exposure of synchronized cells to 100 microM DADS increased p34(cdc2) hyperphosphorylation by 15% (P < 0.05). Consistent with its ability to slightly increase the quantity of hyperphosphorylated p34(cdc2), DADS, 25 or 50 microM, decreased cdc25C protein expression by 23 and 46%, respectively (P < 0.05). The present studies suggest that the ability of DADS to inhibit p34(cdc2) kinase activation occurs because of decreased p34(cdc2)/cyclin B(1) complex formation and modest p34(cdc2) hyperphosphorylation.
On the use of rho -algorithm in series acceleration

The rho -algorithm, a nonlinear transformation, is shown to be applicable to monotonic series. The results of applying the algorithm to a series involving the zeroth-order Hankel function of the second kind and its associated Fourier transform are given. It is shown that the algorithm performs better than the epsilon -algorithm derived from Shanks' transform (1955). Numerical results include a relative error measure versus number of terms taken in the series. >
Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood: results from a 10-year longitudinal study.

Debates persist over whether bisexuality is a temporary stage of denial or transition, a stable “3rd type” of sexual orientation, or a heightened capacity for sexual fluidity. The present study uses 5 waves of longitudinal data collected from 79 lesbian, bisexual, and “unlabeled” women to evaluate these models. Both the “3rd orientation” and “fluidity” models had support, but the “transitional stage” model did not. Over 10 years, 2/3 of women changed the identity labels they had claimed at the beginning of the study, and 1/3 changed labels 2 or more times. Yet, contrary to the “transitional stage” model, more women adopted bisexual/unlabeled identities than relinquished these identities; few bisexual/unlabeled women ended up identifying as lesbian or heterosexual. Overall, the most commonly adopted identity was “unlabeled.” Bisexual/unlabeled women had stable overall distributions of same-sex/other-sex attractions but greater absolute fluctuations in attractions from assessment to assessment than lesbians. All women reported declines in their ratio of same-sex to other-sex behavior over time. These findings demonstrate that the distinction between lesbianism and bisexuality is a matter of degree rather than kind.
Activation and Homologous Desensitization of Human Endothelial Cells by CD40 Ligand, Tumor Necrosis Factor, and Interleukin 1

We have reported previously that activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through CD40, using a recombinant soluble form of trimerized CD40 ligand, leads to induction of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Here, we compare the effects of CD40 ligand with those of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1). All three ligands induce transient increases in E-selectin (peak 4 h) and VCAM-1 (peak 8-24 h), as well as sustained increases in ICAM-1 (plateau 24 h). Quantitatively, TNF is more potent than IL-1, which is much more potent than CD40 ligand. The same hierarchy is observed for transcriptional activation of an E-selectin promoter reporter gene construct in transiently transfected HUVECs. TNF and CD40 ligand each induced activation of the transcription factors NF-kappa B, IRF-1, and ATF-2/c-Jun, measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, but this response appeared quantitatively similar. All three agents transiently (peak 30 min) activated Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), which has been implicated in transcription of E-selectin through its actions on ATF-2/c-Jun. Activation of JNK again showed a hierarchy of potency (TNF > IL-1 > CD40 ligand), although the time course of induction was similar for all three agents. After 44 h of pretreatment, TNF, IL-1, and CD40 ligand each display homologous desensitization for reinduction of surface expression of E-selectin. A similar pattern of homologous desensitization for reactivation of JNK was observed. We conclude that TNF, IL-1, and CD40 ligand all activate similar responses in ECs, and that homologous desensitization of JNK may explain the inability of individual cytokines to reinduce E-selectin expression.
Characterizing habitats associated with fisher den structures in the Southern Sierra Nevada, California using discrete return lidar

Lidar data provide information on the vertical and horizontal structure of forests, and lidar remote sensing can be effective in characterizing the forest habitats of mammals. This study explored the ability of lidar-derived metrics to capture topography and forest structure surrounding denning trees used by the Pacific fisher (Martes pennanti) as a case study to illustrate the utility of lidar remote sensing in studying mammal-habitat associations. Lidar data were collected in September 2007 across conifer dominated forests in the Sierra Nevada Mountains that include a full range of forest density. We used Classification and Regression Trees (CART) to statistically compare the slope and lidar-derived forest height and structure metrics in the circular area (with radius of 10–50 m) surrounding denning trees and randomly selected non-denning trees. We accessed our model accuracy using resubstitution and cross-validation methods. Our results show that there is a strong association between fisher denning activity and its surrounding forested environment across scales, with high classification accuracy (overall accuracies above 80% and cross-validation accuracies above 70%) at 20, 30 and 50 m ranges. The best classification accuracies were found at 20 m (optimal resubstitution accuracy 86.2% and cross-validation accuracy 78%). Tree height and slope were important variables in classifying the area immediately surrounding denning trees; at scales larger than 20 m, forest structure and complexity became more important. The variables identified were also consistent with those identified from previous studies describing fisher resting tree structure. Based on these findings, we conclude that lidar remote sensing has utility in forest characterization for fishers and has great potential for mammal studies.
Clinical and Individual Factors Associated with Smoking Quit Attempts among Adults with COPD: Do Factors Vary with Regard to Race?

Only half of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) report a smoking quit attempt in the past year. Adults with COPD have frequent encounters with the healthcare system that are opportunities for health behavior interventions that support quit attempts. The purpose of this research was to examine individual- and clinical-level factors associated with smoking quit attempts in adults with COPD. Cross-sectional data were from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Race-stratified, weighted logistic regression examined factors associated with quit attempt among current smokers with COPD. Overall, quit attempt was reported by 65% (95% confidence interval (CI): 61.9, 67.5) of adults and was more likely among blacks than whites (p < 0.0001). Among whites with COPD quit attempt was associated with: Female gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.3; CI: 1.0, 1.7), exercise (AOR = 2.0; CI: 1.5, 2.5), and medications for COPD (AOR = 1.6; CI: 1.3, 2.2). Among black adults with COPD quit attempt was associated with: Having a partner (AOR = 4.5; CI: 1.3, 15.0), exercise (AOR = 3.7; CI: 1.6, 8.7), spirometry (AOR = 9.5; CI: 3.2, 28.7), and having a personal doctor (AOR = 6.4; CI: 1.8, 22.5). Individual and clinical-factors associated with quit attempt varied by race. These findings suggest an impact of the healthcare system that supports quit attempts in blacks but not whites with COPD.
Generalized Frobenius Algebras and Hopf Algebras

“Co-Frobenius” coalgebras were introduced as dualizations of Frobenius algebras. We previously showed that they admit left-right symmetric characterizations analogous to those of Frobenius algebras. We consider the more general quasi-co-Frobenius coalgebras. The first main result in this paper is that these also admit symmetric characterizations: a coalgebra is if it is weakly isomorphic to its (left, or right) rational dual in the sense that certain coproduct or product powers of these objects are isomorphic. Fundamental results of Hopf algebras, such as the equivalent characterizations of Hopf algebras with nonzero integrals as left (or right) co-Frobenius, , semiperfect or with nonzero rational dual, as well as the uniqueness of integrals and a short proof of the bijectivity of the antipode for such Hopf algebras all follow as a consequence of these results. This gives a purely representation theoretic approach to many of the basic fundamental results in the theory of Hopf algebras. Furthermore, we introduce a general concept of Frobenius algebra, which makes sense for infinite dimensional and for topological algebras, and specializes to the classical notion in the finite case. This will be a topological algebra that is isomorphic to its complete topological dual . We show that is a (quasi)Frobenius algebra if and only if is the dual of a (quasi)co-Frobenius coalgebra . We give many examples of co-Frobenius coalgebras and Hopf algebras connected to category theory, homological algebra and the newer -homological algebra, topology or graph theory, showing the importance of the concept.
Deductive evaluation: formal code analysis with low user burden

We describe a framework for symbolically evaluating iterative C code using a deductive approach that automatically discovers and proves program properties. Although verification is not performed, the method can infer detailed program behavior. Software engineering workflows could be enhanced by this type of analysis. Floyd-Hoare verification principles are applied to synthesize loop invariants, using a library of iteration-specific deductive knowledge. When needed, theorem proving is interleaved with evaluation and performed on the fly. Evaluation results take the form of inferred expressions and type constraints for values of program variables. An implementation using PVS (Prototype Verification System) is presented along with results for sample C functions.
Heterogeneity of acetylcholine receptors in denervated muscle: interactions of receptors with immunoglobulin from patients with myasthenia gravis.

The interaction of immunoglobulin G fractions from the sera and thymus glands of patients with myasthenia gravis with acetylcholine receptors from denervated rat muscle was studied using a combination of immunoprecipitation and an assay for binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose. Results showed that myasthenic IgG distinguishes two different α-bungarotoxin-binding components, each associated with approximately half the total receptor toxin binding capacity. The receptor components can be separated as immune complexes by different properties of binding to concanavalin A and are characterized by different kinetics of toxin binding. The majority of myasthenia gravis sera contain at least two antibodies, directed against determinants on one or both components of the receptor, which do not affect the total binding capacity for α-bungarotoxin. A few sera contain a third antibody type, which prevents the binding of α-bungarotoxin to receptors.
Infrared Spectroscopy Investigation of Fe-Promoted Rh Catalysts Supported on Titania and Ceria for CO Hydrogenation

The nature of the promotional effect of Fe addition to Rh/TiO2 and Rh/CeO2 catalysts for CO hydrogenation was investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy in an ultrahigh vacuum compatible transmission IR cell. CO adsorption experiments on Rh and FeRh showed vibrational signatures characteristic of linear and bridge bound CO on Rh0 as well as geminal-dicarbonyl species associated with Rh+. Compared to TiO2, the CeO2-supported catalysts show increased dispersion, reflected by decreased particle size, and a lower signal for linear versus geminal-dicarbonyl bonded CO. The absorption frequencies for CO on Rh/CeO2 are also redshifted relative to Rh/TiO2, which results from a weaker Rh–CO interaction, likely due to the increased reducibility of the CeO2 support. Upon addition of Fe, a new spectral feature is observed and attributed to CO bound to Rh in close contact with Fe, likely as a surface alloy. CO hydrogenation on (Fe)Rh catalysts on both supports was also studied. Compared to bare Rh, Fe containing catalysts promote formate and methoxy species on the surface at lower temperature (180 °C), which suggests an enhancement in methanol selectivity by Fe addition. At higher temperatures (220 °C), the spectral features appear similar, further confirming the role of Fe as a disrupter of large Rh0 crystallites and regulator of CO dissociation and CH4 formation.
Focal Neurological Deficit at Onset of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Frequency and Causes

Background and Aim Focal neurological deficit (FND) is a recognized presenting symptom of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, little is known on how often aneurysmal SAH patients present with FND and what the responsible mechanisms are. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency and causes of FND at onset in aneurysmal SAH. Methods We reviewed the records of consecutive aneurysmal SAH patients over 5 years and identified those who presented with FND. We developed several potential mechanisms for FND based on consensus between 2 separate evaluating neurologists. We then compared the characteristics of aneurysmal SAH patients who presented with and without FND. Logistic regression models were used to assess for association of FND with poor outcome. Results Of a total of 213 patients, 10.3% presented with FND. The junction of the internal carotid and posterior communicating arteries was the most common aneurysm location in patients with FND (36.4%). Causes of FND at presentation were intraparenchymal hematoma in 45.5%, early cerebral infarction in 22.7%, parenchymal compression by subarachnoid thrombus in 18.2%, and seizure with Todd's paralysis in 13.6%. Patients with FND were older ( P = .001) and had higher rates of in-hospital death and severe disability at discharge ( P P = .01). Conclusion One in every 10 aneurysmal SAH patients presents with FND. FND at presentation has diverse mechanisms, is not associated with a specific aneurysm location, and is independently associated with poor outcome.
Neurotechnological Convergence and “Big Data”: A Force-Multiplier Toward Advancing Neuroscience

In this chapter, we address if and how big data computational capability could enable the establishment of a common, accessible database for neuroscientific research and its translation that provides a resource for 1) (raw) data harvesting; 2) data fusion; 3) data integration, functional formulation, and exchange; and 4) broad data access and use. We posit that big data represents a force multiplier to augment and optimize the capabilities and de-limit certain constraints that impede broad-scale use of neuroscientific information. More than a simple repository, we maintain that this enterprise would require a dynamic—and secure—resource of tools and methods for harvesting (and provenance), quality evaluation (and data retraction if and when quality issues and/or problems are revealed/elucidated), distribution, and sharing. Such an integrated big data system could allow (a) methodological validity (b) adequate probabilistic inference, and (c) reliability. However big data employment in brain sciences also incurs a number of ethico-legal issues, and these are addressed, and approaches toward their resolution are discussed.
Health-Insurer Market Power: Theory and Evidence

The recently enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in the US relies heavily on a private health insurance industry. As discussed in this article, economic theory suggests that an industry operates more efficiently when structured in a competitive manner. Otherwise, firms, such as health insurers, face an incentive to raise price and lower quantity, causing an inefficient allocation of resources. As reviewed in this article, empirical evidence suggests that although large health insurers are able to hold the market power of hospitals in check, they may also use the same market power to exploit physicians and raise premiums to health insurance consumers. As a result, policy makers face a trade-off when crafting policies aimed at the health insurance industry in the US.
The Cold War Consensus Cracks, 1965–1968

The three years from 1965 to 1968 saw the rise of the anti-Vietnam War, Black Power, and women’s liberation movements. These movements help destroy the liberal consensus, as Vietnam turned into a quagmire. African Americans in desolate inner cities rebelled, and women examined and contested their oppression. The period is framed by Democratic president Lyndon Johnson sending U.S. ground troops to Vietnam in March 1965 and Republican Richard Nixon winning the presidency in November 1968. In between, cold war liberalism collapsed from its own contradictions. Even without Vietnam, Johnson’s enormous coalition could not have survived: He had won reelection in 1964 with Gl percent of the vote, carrying forty-four states. Resting on both southern white and northern black voters, the Democratic Party was inherently unstable. Vietnam tore at it from all directions. The war alienated working-class families who saw their sons drafted while college students got automatic draft deferments. African Americans were clisproportionatdy represented in frontline units. The elite universities, from Berkeley to Harvard, became hot-beds of dissent. Some young whites dropped out of mainstream society, joining the “hippie” counterculture based on communal living, drugs, and sexual experimentation. Ultimately, a section of the military itself turned against the war.
Stroke and Circulating Extracellular RNAs.

Background and Purpose— There is increasing interest in extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs), with numerous reports of associations between selected microRNAs (miRNAs) and a variety of cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Previous studies of ex-RNAs in relation to risk for cardiovascular disease have investigated small numbers of patients and assayed only candidate miRNAs. No human studies have investigated links between novel ex-RNAs and stroke. Methods— We conducted unbiased next-generation sequencing using plasma from 40 participants of the FHS (Framingham Heart Study; Offspring Cohort Exam 8) followed by high-throughput polymerase chain reaction of 471 ex-RNAs. The reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction included 331 of the most abundant miRNAs, 43 small nucleolar RNAs, and 97 piwi-interacting RNAs in 2763 additional FHS participants and explored the relations of ex-RNAs and prevalent (n=63) and incident (n=51) stroke and coronary heart disease (prevalent=286, incident=69). Results— After adjustment for multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors, 7 ex-RNAs were associated with stroke prevalence or incidence; there were no ex-RNA associated with prevalent or incident coronary heart disease. Statistically significant ex-RNA associations with stroke were specific, with no overlap between prevalent and incident events. Conclusions— This is the largest study of ex-RNAs in relation to stroke using an unbiased approach in an observational cohort and the first large study to examine human small noncoding RNAs beyond miRNAs. These results demonstrate that when studied in a large observational cohort, extracellular miRNAs are associated with stroke risk.
Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Base of Tongue: First Report of a Case Presenting With Headaches (P6.094)

OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) with headaches as the presenting complaint and to emphasize importance of early diagnosis and treatment of this rare tumor which we believe is not as indolent as reported previously. BACKGROUND: HCCC is a rare, low-grade, malignant tumor of minor salivary glands which commonly involves the mucosa of oral cavity. This distinct clinico-pathological entity accounts for less than 1[percnt] of all salivary gland tumors. A rare location of this tumor is base of tongue, and only 12 cases (22[percnt]) have been reported at this site. It is commonly reported in females and the most common clinical presentation is a painless swelling. DESIGN: We report case of a 60 year old male with 2 year history of headaches and new onset dysphagia and dysarthria. RESULTS: CT-neck demonstrated a new hypodense, cystic lesion at left-base of tongue with another smaller cystic nodule in left level-III region, absent on comparison CT-neck in 2013. Initial cytomorphology and immunoprofile were consistent with poorly-differentiated salivary gland carcinoma with concerns for metastasis (pT2N1M0). Transcervical-resection of base of tongue was performed with limited left neck dissection. Pathology results came back for HCCC of minor salivary glands. Patient underwent post-op radiotherapy. He was seen in clinic four months later with no new complaints. He denied any headaches or neck pain, had passed swallow test and slurring of speech also improved. CONCLUSION: After reviewing the 55 cases of HCCC reported so far, we present first case of HCCC with headaches as the chief complaint. This case is unique not only by its clinical presentation but is also rare in terms of patient’s sex, site of tumor and presence of nodal metastasis. Additional cases need to be reported to further define the behavior and clinical presentation of this rare tumor. Disclosure: Dr. Farooq has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harding-Jackson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stadler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Freitag has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKline, Zogenix, Nautilus Pharm, Merck, Allergan, MAP, Transcept Pharmaceuticals, and NuPathe as a speaker or consultant.