cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tone sandhi and vowel deletion in Margi

Within the theoretical framework of nonlinear phonology, this paper proposes an account of tone sandhi and vowel deletion in Margi, a Chadic language spoken in Northern Nigeria. The database is Hoffman's Grammar of the Margi Language. Language-specific tonal processes in Margi are shown to originate in tone trapping, i.e., the impossibility for a tone to anchor to a skeletal slot by a universal mechanism. The paper identifies the circumstances leading to tone trapping (e.g., Vowel Elision) and formalizes the various tone-rescue processes available both word-internally and across words. Whereas trapped high tones are always saved (either taking over low-tone vowel positions or giving rise to contour tones), trapped low tones may remain trapped throughout a derivation and thus receive no phonetic realization (by universal convention).
An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy: The basic teachings of the Buddha

Key terms and teachings Anatta / Anatman: Literally “no-self,” this term refers to the denial of a fixed, permanent, unchanging self or soul ( atta/atman ). On a more general level, it refers to the Buddha's denial of any fixed or permanent substantial nature in any object or phenomenon. According to the Buddha, everything lacks inherent existence, because all things arise in dependence on impermanent causes and conditions. Dukkha / Duhkha: The subject of the Four Noble Truths, whose root meaning refers to an off-center wheel hub, “ dukkha ” captures the fact that life never quite lives up to our expectations, hopes, dreams, and plans. Usually translated as “suffering,” it includes the broader psychological ideas of dissatisfaction, lack of contentment, discontent, pain, misery, frustration, and feeling ill at ease. Eightfold Path: A basic summary of the Buddha's teachings in morality/ sila (right or appropriate speech, action, and livelihood), mental concentration or meditative cultivation/ samadhi (right or appropriate effort, mindfulness, and concentration), and wisdom/ panna (right or appropriate view or understanding, and thought or intention). Four Noble Truths: The Buddha's insight into dukkha ; the source or arising or coming to be or cause of dukkha ( tanha ); the cessation or ceasing of dukkha ( niroda ); and the path or way ( magga ) leading to the extinction of dukkha . Kamma / Karma: Literally “action” or “deed,” this term refers to the fact that actions and intentions have or produce consequences. The basic Buddhist account of it is that both appropriate and inappropriate tendencies or habits lead to actions that ultimately produce fruits or consequences. […]
Re-irradiation for Locally Recurrent Breast Cancer

Locally recurrent breast cancer occurs in 5–15 % of patients after breast conservation therapy and after mastectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences may be salvaged with mastectomy; however, outcomes from repeat breast-conserving surgery and breast re-irradiation are promising. Chest wall recurrence generally portends a worse prognosis than in-breast local recurrences. A subset of patients may be long-term survivors in the absence of metastasis. Persistent chest wall disease can be symptomatic, and in previously irradiated patients, treatment options are limited. Experiences with chest wall re-irradiation have shown excellent response rates with acceptable late toxicity, but follow-up is limited.
Spit (Smokeless) Tobacco Intervention for High School Athletes: Results after 1 year

Abstract Objective: To determine the efficacy of a spit tobacco (ST) intervention designed to promote ST cessation and discourage ST initiation among male high school baseball athletes. Methods: This study was a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Forty-four randomly selected high schools in rural California were randomized within strata (prevalence of ST use and number and size of baseball teams) to either the intervention or the control group. Ninety-three percent of eligible baseball athletes participated, yielding 516 subjects in 22 intervention schools and 568 subjects in 22 control schools. Prevalences of sustained ST cessation and ST use initiation over 1 year were assessed by self-report. Multivariate logistic regression models for clustered responses were used to test the null hypotheses of no association between group and the two outcomes, adjusted for the stratified design and baseline imbalances between groups in significant predictors of ST use. Results: Prevalence of cessation was 27% in intervention high schools and 14% in control high schools (odds ratio (OR)=2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36–3.87). The intervention was especially effective in promoting cessation among those who, at baseline, lacked confidence that they could quit (OR=6.4; 95% CI, 1.0–4.3), among freshmen (OR=15; 95% CI, 0.9–260), and among nonsmokers (OR=3.2; 95% CI, 0.9–11). There was no significant difference between groups in the prevalence of ST initiation. Conclusions: This intervention was effective in promoting ST cessation, but was ineffective in preventing initiation of ST use by nonusers.
Fetal CNS Damage with Maternal Prenatal Trauma

The neurologic findings in nine infants who were exposed to maternal trauma during pregnancy are reported from the University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr, Germany.
Purified MHC-Matched Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Following Total Lymphoid Irradiation and Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (TLI+ATG) Blocks EAE Pathogenesis.

In prior studies, we demonstrated that transplantation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) matched and mismatched purified hematopoietic cells (HSCs) can block diabetes pathogenesis in pre-diabetic NOD mice. Here we applied this treatment to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). C57BL/6 (B6) strains congenic for the CD45 locus were immunized with MOG 35–55 to induce disease. Similar to our studies in NOD mice we observed that disease response after transplantation of MHC-mismatched hematopoietic cells in EAE affected mice was superior to those that received congenic cells. Importantly, mice transplanted with MHC-matched HSC or BM showed no significant improvement in disease symptoms when compared with congenic recipients or disease controls. This result was markedly different from the positive response observed in NOD mice transplanted with MHC-matched HSC. We then sought to optimize translation of this approach by giving total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) plus anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), a non-myeloablative regimen and permits allogeneic hematopoietic cell engraftment with significant protective effect against GVHD. We found that TLI/ATG treatment in wild type C57BL/6 mice permit engraftment of purified HSC isolated from MHC-matched AKR/B donors and improve disease severity significantly. The level of stable mixed chimerism correlated with the clinical score. While the prior studies demonstrated that a class of regulatory cells that express both nature killer cell and T cell markers (NK-T) are present at high levels in TLI/ATG treated mice, we determined that regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells are also present at a disproportionately high levels as compared to wild type animals. To study the role of regulatory T cell in disease protection, a flexible lentiviral vector platform supporting constitutive expression of a Tet-transactivating component with a selection marker and coordinated conditional expression of miR-shRNA targeting Foxp3 gene products in stem cells is being developed. The detailed mechanism will be discussed. We hope a MHC-matched hematopoietic graft in conjunction with TLI/ATG conditioning shown here to successfully ameliorate EAE can be translated to the treatment of human autoimmune disease.
Abstract 257: Apolipoprotein M Is Not Present in Prebeta-1 HDL Particles

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a 25 kD plasma protein present mainly in HDL. It has a hydrophobic pocket for carrying ligands variously reported as retinol, all- trans -retinoic acid, 9- cis -retinoic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and oxidized phospholipids. In addition to mediating the effects of S1P and modulating oxidative stress, apoM has been reported to enhance cholesterol efflux and to increase plasma levels of small, preβ1 HDL, a particle that efficiently accepts cholesterol effluxed from cholesterol-loaded cells and plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. ApoM is present in α-migrating HDL particles but whether it is also present in small preβ1 HDL particles is disputed. Establishing the absence or presence of apoM in preβ1 HDL particles is essential for understanding its role in reverse cholesterol transport. METHODS: We performed native-native 2D gel electrophoresis on healthy volunteer plasma to separate native HDL particles by size and charge. Particles were blotted onto a membrane and probed with antibodies to apoM or apoA-I to identify specific HDL particles associated with apoM. Similar experiments were performed with plasma from patients with apoE-deficiency or from patients with low plasma levels of apoA-I and HDL. We also performed native 1D electrophoresis to visualize lipoprotein particles containing apoM. Finally, native-native 2D gels of purified HDL were used for proteomics of preβ1 particles. RESULTS: apoM was present in two large α-migrating HDL particles and in LDL-sized particles, as well as in one small particle that did not contain apoA-I. apoA-I but not apoE was required for formation of the large apoM-containing HDL particles. The small apoM particle was unaffected in apoA-I- and apoE-deficient patients. apoM was not present in preβ1 particles. CONCLUSION: apoM is not a stable component of small preβ1 apoA-I-containing HDL particles but instead resides mainly in two large HDL molecules and in LDL-sized particles, as well as a small particle that does not contain apoA-I. The role of apoM in cholesterol efflux requires further evaluation.
Analysis of connected vehicle networks using network-based perturbation techniques

In this paper we propose a novel technique to decompose networked systems and use this technique to investigate the dynamics of connected vehicle networks with wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. We apply modal perturbation analysis to approximate the modes of the perturbed network about the modes of the corresponding cyclically symmetric network. By exploiting the cyclic symmetry, we approximate the dynamics of a given mode by solving a small number of linear algebraic equations. We apply this approach to decompose connected vehicle networks into traveling waves which allows us to assess the impacts of long-range V2V communication on the stability of traffic flow.
A comparison of progesterone assays for determination of peripheral pregnane concentrations in the late pregnant mare

Abstract During the latter half of gestation in mares, there is a complex milieu of pregnanes in peripheral blood. Progesterone concentrations are often assessed by immunoassay during late gestation as a measure of pregnancy well-being; however, interpretation of results is complicated by the numerous cross-reacting pregnanes present in high concentrations during late gestation. Further, many mares are supplemented with an exogenous progestin, altrenogest, which may also cross-react with existing assays and further confound interpretation. The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare differences in pregnane concentrations determined with four immunoassays compared to LC-MS/MS and 2) to assess cross-reactivity observed with the same immunoassays, specifically considering pregnenolone (P5), progesterone (P4), 5α-dihydroprogesterone (DHP), allopregnanolone, and altrenogest. Blood samples from four healthy mares in late gestation were evaluated by immunoassay and by LC-MS/MS. Measured immuno-reactive progesterone (ir-progesterone) concentrations differed (p 2 = 0.68–0.76; p
Food-Induced Acute Pancreatitis

Food allergy, a commonly increasing problem worldwide, defined as an adverse immune response to food. A variety of immune-related effector cells such as mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and T cells are involved in food-related allergic responses categorized as IgE mediated, non-IgE mediated, and mixed (IgE and non-IgE) depending upon underlying immunological mechanisms. The dietary antigens mainly target the gastrointestinal tract including pancreas that gets inflamed due to food allergy and leads acute pancreatitis. Reports indicate several food proteins induce pancreatitis; however, detailed underlying mechanism of food-induced pancreatitis is unexplored. The aim of the review is to understand and update the current scenario of food-induced pancreatitis. A comprehensive literature search of relevant research articles has been performed through PubMed, and articles were chosen based on their relevance to food allergen-mediated pancreatitis. Several cases in the literature indicate that acute pancreatitis has been provoked after the consumption of mustard, milk, egg, banana, fish, and kiwi fruits. Food-induced pancreatitis is an ignored and unexplored area of research. The review highlights the significance of food in the development of pancreatitis and draws the attention of physicians and scientists to consider food allergies as a possible cause for initiation of pancreatitis pathogenesis.
Korean Women’s Personal Narratives

This chapter aims to explore Korean women’s self-esteem experience and their life journeys through in-depth interview studies. The purpose of this exploration is to provide women with a storytelling venue in which they narrate, listen to their inner voices, and articulate their conflicts and dilemma as well as joys and hopes. As a result of this study, we discover a different understanding of the Korean selfhood and self-esteem in light of women’s perspectives and experiences. While interpreting and presenting the interviewed women’s narratives, the author particularly pays attention to the ways how they not only look at themselves with regard to their descriptions of self-esteem and relationships, but how they also develop their selfhood in relational contexts.
Multi-Task Learning for Commercial Brain Computer Interfaces

In the field of Brain Computer Interfaces, one of the most crucial hindrances towards everyday applicability is the problem of subject-to-subject generalization. This adheres to the fact that neural signals vary significantly across subjects, because of the inherent person specific variability, rendering a subject calibration process necessary for the pattern recognition mechanisms of a BCI to achieve a notable performance. In the present work, we explore this phenomenon on two open datasets from mental monitoring experiments which utilized a commercial BCI device (Neurosky). This passive BCI setting with economical hardware is one of the must promising in terms of commercial appeal and hence it has more potential to be employed by multiple subjects-users. We visualize the so-called inter subject variability problem and apply machine learning methods commonly used in BCI literature. Subsequently we employ multi-task learning algorithms, setting each subject specific classification as a separate task. The experiments reveal that multi-task approaches achieve better accuracy with increasing number of subjects in contrast to conventional models, while providing insights that are consistent among subjects and agree with the relevant literature.
Autoradiographic studies of 5HT2 receptors.

Serotonin has been implicated in normal brain activities, and alterations in serotonin metabolism or serotonin receptors have been linked to disorders such as depression and schizophrenia (Fuller, 1986).
Diagnostic Electron Microscopy

This chapter is organized into two sections. In the first, particular cellular features are described with a differential diagnosis of tumors or non-neoplastic conditions that may show that finding. The second section is divided into neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. Within those divisions specific entities are briefly discussed with their constellation of findings emphasizing distinctive characteristics. In analyzing tumors, we must remember that most of the diagnostically useful characteristics are phenotypic differentiation markers of a cell lineage, not tumor-specific, and that they are subject to inter-observer discordance, sample bias, and technical artifact.
Quantitation of Retroviral-Mediated Transfer Using Luciferase in Living and Lysed Cells

We have developed a murine retroviral vector containing an improved luciferase gene for the study of retroviral gene transfer and expression in living or lysed cells. We used a cytosolic form of lu...
Comparison of Angiographic Outcomes after Drug-eluting Stents and Bare-metal Stents in Patients with Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: A Metanalysis

Background Coronary Allograft Vasculopathy (CAV) is a major determinant of long term survival after cardiac transplantation and remains one of the leading causes of death after the first year of orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Percutaneous revascularization is an option for amenable lesions with either drug-eluting stents (DES) or bare-metal stents (BMS). Choice of stent is dependent on patient and angiographic characteristics. Previous studies comparing the two stent subtypes have shown inconsistent results and thus we decided to do a meta-analysis to evaluate the net clinical effect. Methods PubMed, Medline & EMBASE were queried for all English articles from 1993 to 2017. Inclusion criteria were patients with CAV undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with either DES or BMS with follow up angiography at 1 year. Primary outcome was In-stent restenosis (ISR): defined as more than 50% stenosis of the stent diameter angiographically. Secondary outcome was mortality. Outcomes were analyzed in two groups: Patient-based analysis and Lesion-based analysis. Data were pooled with absolute event rate and metanalysis of the outcomes was performed using a weighted random effects model in RevMAN 5.0. Results Seven studies including a total of 526 angiographic lesions (BMS 267; 50.7%) and 268 patients were analyzed. On lesion-based analysis, mean incidence of ISR in the BMS group vs the DES group was 31% vs 10.2% (RR 0.36; 95% CI 0.19–0.69; p=0.002). No difference in mortality was observed between the two groups (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.16–0.46; p=0.86). Forest-plots for the outcomes are shown below. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that when compared with BMS implantation, DES have a lower rate of in-stent restenosis but offer no reduction in mortality at 1 year.
Reference service redesign: Does incorporating student employee feedback increase feelings of empowerment?

AbstractStudent employees fulfill an essential role at all academic libraries, but budget and staffing cuts have made student work even more imperative at small, public institutions. This article examines a reference service redesign at Adams State University through the lens of the student circulation employees. Student employee feedback was directly incorporated into decision making and student perceptions about their role were examined before and after the redesign. The study found that while student feedback improved training and service ability, it did not increase student feelings of empowerment.
Homozygosity for the A431E mutation in PSEN1 presenting with a relatively aggressive phenotype.

Abstract Objective We report a 35 year-old male with childhood learning disability and early onset dementia who is homozygous for the A431E variant in the PSEN1 gene. Presenilin1 mutations are associated with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's dementia with young and somewhat stereotyped onset. Such variants may cause Alzheimer's dementia through aberrant processing of amyloid precursor protein through effects on γ-secretase activity. γ-secretase is involved in the cleavage of many proteins critical to normal function, including brain development. Therefore, manifestations in persons without normal Presenilin1 function is of interest. Methods Clinical evaluation including family history, examination, brain MRI, and genetic analysis. Results Our patient had mild developmental delay, chronic nighttime behavioral disturbance, and onset of progressive cognitive deficits at age 33. Clinical evaluation demonstrated spastic paraparesis and pseudobulbar affect. Brain MRI revealed cerebral atrophy disproportionate to age. Chronic microhemorrhages within bilateral occipital, temporal, and right frontal lobes were seen. Sanger sequencing confirmed homozygosity for the A431E variant in PSEN1, which is a known pathogenic variant causing autosomal dominant Alzheimer's dementia. Conclusions Our report demonstrates that homozygosity for pathogenic Presenilin1 variants is compatible with life, though may cause a more aggressive phenotype with younger age of onset and possibly REM behavior disorder.
Problem Solving in Case Management (PIC): A Computer Assisted Instruction Simulation

Summary Problem Solving in Case Management (PIC) is a software package which teaches case management skills through a simulated case presentation of an individual with severe and persistent mental illness. The program instructs students to identify and prioritize client needs, select alternatives and respond to randomly presented outcomes. An individual's own solutions can be typed in and a dictionary describing sendees and terms is available for reference. The user can review the client's current status and may access help with the functioning of the program at any time. A record of the student's exercise may be printed out and used in class discussion or in conference with the instructor. The program was designed and scripted using the Apple Macintosh computer with HyperCard software.
Report of the Committee on Runoff, 1954–1955

During the year 1954–1955 the Committee on Runoff achieved four major tasks: (1) A survey of the present status and development of runoff research activities of the agencies with which the Committee members are associated; (2) sending out letters to authors of selected papers on runoff that have appeared in the current Transactions, asking for progress reports on any additional work that might have been completed on these subjects; (3) sending letters of solicitation for discussions to the qualified persons that have been suggested by members of the Committee in the past year; and (4) compilation of a list of outstanding papers on runoff published in recent years. Owing to the limitation of space alloted for publication, only the list of publications compiled under (4) is reported herewith.
Learning from users: an elicitation study and taxonomy for communicating small unmanned aerial system states through gestures

This paper presents a gesture set for communicating states to novice users from a small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) through an elicitation study comparing gestures created by participants recruited from the general public with varying levels of experience with an sUAS. Previous work in sUAS flight paths sought to communicate intent, destination, or emotion without focusing on concrete states such as Low Battery or Landing. This elicitation study uses a participatory design approach from human-computer interaction to understand how novice users would expect an sUAS to communicate states, and ultimately suggests flight paths and characteristics to indicate those states. We asked users from the general public $(\mathbf{N}=20)$ to create gestures for seven distinct sUAS states to provide insights for human-drone interactions and to present intuitive flight paths and characteristics with the expectation that the sUAS would have general commercial application for inexperienced users. The results indicate relatively strong agreement scores for three sUAS states: Landing (0.455), Area of Interest (0.265), and Low Battery (0.245). The other four states have lower agreement scores, however even they show some consensus for all seven states. The agreement scores and the associated gestures suggest guidance for engineers to develop a common set of flight paths and characteristics for an sUAS to communicate states to novice users.
P10 Evaluating Diet Quality of College Students Using the Healthy Eating Index

Background College students face a number of challenges regarding food choices and eating behaviors and frequently consume a diet low in fruits and vegetables, and high in fat and added sugars. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary quality of college students using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to shed light on the importance of nutrition education interventions for young adults to meet the dietary guidelines. Study Design, Settings, Participants Six hundred and sixty nine college students participated in this cross-sectional survey. Participants were categorized into three groups based on percentage of body fat (under-fat, normal, and over-fat/obese) using a Tanita bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scale. The National Institutes of Health Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) was used to obtain data on dietary intake. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The DHQ data was recoded to obtain Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores based on HEI-2015. HEI scores range from 0-100, with >80 good, 51-80 needs improvement, and >51 being poor. Mean differences in HEI scores by gender and weight status were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The average HEI score was 63.37 ± 9.0, and female students had a significantly higher HEI score than male students (P = .005, 63.82 ± 9.0 and 61.24 ± 8.7, respectively). In addition, female students had higher HEI component scores than males for total fruits, total vegetables, greens and beans, and whole grains. However, males had a higher HEI component score for total protein foods. Obese students had lower HEI component scores for added sugars and for seafood and plant proteins compared to normal weight students; however, there was no significant differences in total HEI scores among the three body fat category groups. Conclusion These results may contribute to the development of dietary interventions for young adults in order to prevent or postpone onset of chronic diseases later in life. Funding None.
Multi-objective optimization of turning titanium-based alloy Ti-6Al-4V under dry, wet, and cryogenic conditions using gray relational analysis (GRA)

In modern manufacturing industries, the importance of multi-objective optimization cannot be overemphasized particularly when the desired responses are differing in nature towards each other. With the emergence of new technologies, the need to achieve overall efficiency in terms of energy, output, and tooling is on the rise. Resultantly, endeavor is to make the machining process sustainable, productive, and efficient simultaneously. In this research, the effects of machining parameters (feed, cutting speed, depth of cut, and cutting condition including dry, wet, and cryogenic) were analyzed. Since sustainable production demands a balance between production quality and energy consumption, therefore, response parameters including specific cutting energy, tool wear, surface roughness, and material removal rate were considered. Taguchi-gray integrated approach was adopted in this study. Multi-objective function was developed using gray relational methodology, and its regression analysis was conducted. Response surface optimization was carried out to optimize the formulated multi-objective function and derive the optimum machining parameters. Concurrent responses were optimized with best-suited values of input parameters to make the most out of the machining process. Analysis of variance results showed that feed is the most effective parameter followed by cutting condition in terms of overall contribution in multi-objective function. The proposed optimum parameters resulted in improvement of tool wear and surface roughness by 30% and 22%, respectively, whereas specific cutting energy was reduced by 4%.
In Search of Middle Preclassic Lowland Maya Ideologies

Little is known about Middle Preclassic/Formative lowland Maya belief systems or ideologies, compared to later periods, but with increasing research at Middle Preclassic sites and recognition of their nascent complexity, this topic merits investigation. Belief systems are investigated through perspectives on materialization (of ideological concepts); on order, legitimacy, and wealth; and on cooperation drawn from collective/corporate action theory and costly signaling (selectionist) theory. Early lowland belief systems are partially outgrowths of Archaic period hunter-gatherer, “tribal” lifeways, and some concepts about cosmology and supernatural forces may be pan-Mesoamerican and pan-New World (e.g., quadripartition; animacy of objects). The best-known early Mesoamerican belief system is that of the Early and Middle Formative Gulf Coast Olmecs and related peoples (especially in Oaxaca) beginning around 1700 BC or so. Middle Preclassic lowland Maya ideologies (considered primarily in terms of power relations) are examined and compared with those of the Olmecs in four material domains: site plans, landscapes, and architecture; sculpture; portable material culture; and iconography. Comparisons reveal significant differences between Maya and Olmec, visible in Olmec materializations of leaders’ power: massive sculptures and exotic goods (costly signaling). Early Maya ideology and concepts of order (including cooperation) and legitimacy (including corporate political strategies) were rooted in beliefs and myths about the creation of the world and its creatures (including humans), about cosmic renewal (especially solar movements), and about time.
Dictionaries, Supervised Learning, and Media Coverage of Public Policy

There are many different approaches to automated content analysis. This paper focuses on dictionaries and supervised learning; in addition to comparing the effectiveness of the two, we argue for th...
Assembling Ethnicities in Neoliberal Times: Ethnographic Fictions and Sri Lanka’s War: by Nimanthi Perera-Rajasingham, Evanston, IL, Northwestern University Press, 2019, 248 pp., $99.95 (Cloth), $34.99 (paperback), $34.95 (e-book)

There has been a steady stream of literary and scholarly texts about the Sri Lankan war in recent years. Nimanthi Perera-Rajasingham’s Assembling Ethnicities is a welcome addition to this body of w...
Isolation and evaluation of the immunizing subunits of bovine adenovirus types 2, 3 and 7

Monospecific ssra against protein subunlts of bovine adenovirus (BAV) types 2» 3 and 7 were produced in rabbits, using agarose immunopreeipitates prepared by preparative Immunoelectrophoresis, Various forms o( solubillxed viral antigens were separated in line or crossed Immunoelectrophoresis using type-specific hyperimmune sera. The specifi­ cities of these sera were determined by icmunoprecipitation/sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoreaia (IP/SOS PAGE)» Western blot and immunodiffusion. The viral neutralization potentials of these sera were analyzed using in vitro tests in homologous and heterologous systems. Since both viral neutralizing and non-neutralizing mono­ specific sera to hexons were obtained, a peptide mapping system using limited proteolysis in SOS PACE was employed to detect any differences that may be present in the hexon polypeptides precipitated in IP/SOS PACE. In addition, BAV-3 hexon subunlts, produced by deoxycholate and heat treatment followed by DEAE BioCel A chromatography, were used to produce hyperimmune sera. These anei-hexon sera seemed to be superior to the monospecific sera produced from agarose inmunoprecipitates in that they possessed subgroup-reactive neutralizing activities in addition to type-reactive ones. The presence of hexon subunlts capable of inducing both subgroupand type-specific viral neutralizing antibodies makes this subunit preparation an ideal candidate for use in a multivalent subunit vaccine.
Regulatory microRNAs and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is defined as a progressive dementia disease related to cerebrovascular injury and often occurs in aged populations. Despite decades of research, effective treatment for VCID is still absent. The pathological processes of VCID are mediated by the molecular mechanisms that are partly modulated at the post-transcriptional level. As small endogenous non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRs) can regulate target gene expression through post-transcriptional gene silencing. miRs have been reported to play an important role in the pathology of VCID and have recently been suggested as potential novel pharmacological targets for the development of new diagnosis and treatment strategies in VCID. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of VCID, the possible role of miRs in the regulation of VCID and attempt to envision future therapeutic strategies. Since manipulation of miR levels by either pharmacological or genetic approaches has shown therapeutic effects in experimental VCID models, we also emphasize the potential therapeutic value of miRs in clinical settings.
Advancing an agenda for instructional preparedness: lessons learned from the transition to remote learning

The coronavirus pandemic's onset resulted in unexpected “instant transitions” to remote learning at colleges and universities across the country. Faculty reactions to mandates to depart the face-to...
Tensor-Free Second-Order Differential Dynamic Programming.

This paper presents a method to reduce the computational complexity of including second-order dynamics sensitivity information into the Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) trajectory optimization algorithm. A tensor-free approach to DDP is developed where all the necessary derivatives are computed with the same complexity as in the iterative Linear Quadratic Regulator~(iLQR). Compared to linearized models used in iLQR, DDP more accurately represents the dynamics locally, but it is not often used since the second-order derivatives of the dynamics are tensorial and expensive to compute. This work shows how to avoid the need for computing the derivative tensor by instead leveraging reverse-mode accumulation of derivative information to compute a key vector-tensor product directly. We benchmark this approach for trajectory optimization with multi-link manipulators and show that the benefits of DDP can often be included without sacrificing evaluation time, and can be done in fewer iterations than iLQR.
Abstract P551: Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Stroke Outcomes After Endovascular Thrombectomy - A Matched Cohort Study

Objective: To determine the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on stroke outcomes stratified by severity of renal impairment among acute ischemic strokes (AIS) patients treated with endovascula...
Commentary on Mark Solms’ “New Project for a Scientific Psychology”

As we know from the introduction to Solms’ target article (2020), an editor of this journal articulated in a private communication to him the value of his revision of Freud’s Project (along with th...
Simulation of the time-varying load on future remote-access immediate-response computer systems

A GPSS/360 program has been developed to model the behavior of a remote-access immediate-response computer system serving many concurrent users. Inputs to the model include characteristics of the users, the application category, the communication equipment, and the computer system. The model uses this information to determine the time-varying load imposed on the system in giving each on-line user immediate response.
Optimization of waterspace management and scheduling for multiple unmanned vehicles

We describe an approach for accomplishing the high-level mission planning required for a heterogeneous team of autonomous vehicles performing surveys in multiple areas, such as required for mine countermeasure (MCM) missions. The high-level mission scheduling and waterspace management require sequencing the order and location of lower-level tasks to be completed by each vehicle in the heterogeneous team: unmanned surface vessels (USVs) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). In this context, the USVs serve as transport vehicles while the UUVs perform the actual surveys and execute any other local actions. We develop a solution to this complex sequencing operation by leveraging unique information processing, communication, refueling, and planning windows that form constraints within the system within a formal scheduling optimization framework. We use mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) as a solution method for the associated optimization problem. By using such a standard optimization approach, we both take advantage of optimality guarantees on the solution and extensive commercial numerical solvers. In addition to developing the numerical optimization problem, we also include methods to account for risks due to schedule slip for the individual tasks. We conclude with an example of joint USV/UUV planning using the optimization algorithm
Peri-Implantitis and Concomitant Perigraftitis of an Implant Placed in a Site That Had Alveolar Ridge Preservation Three Decades Earlier: A Case Report With Human Histology

Introduction Although alveolar ridge preservation may minimize alveolar ridge shrinkage following tooth extraction, there is a paucity of data on the effects of alveolar ridge preservation on implant-related outcomes. The purpose of this manuscript is to report on peri-implantitis of an implant placed at a site that had alveolar ridge preservation three decades earlier, and the subsequent dislodgement of an approximately 1-cm3 grafted bone specimen during degranulation 4 months after implant reversal. Case presentation A 58-year-old male had #18 removed and the extraction socket grafted in the 1980s. In 2016, an implant was placed at #18 and restored with a screw-retained restoration. It developed mobility and was removed in 2017; the explantation site was not grafted. In 2018, another implant was placed at #18 and restored in 2019 with a screw-retained restoration. At the 1-year follow-up, the implant had developed peri-implantitis. Consequently, it was reversed without flap elevation. Four months later, infection remained. A buccal mucoperiosteal flap was reflected. Implant threads remained visible in the grafted bone. During degranulation, an approximately 1-cm3 grafted bone specimen dislodged from the mandible. Microscopy of the specimen shows numerous synthetic graft particulates surrounded by vital bone, with a mixed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate on its periphery. Conclusion(s) Within the limitation of this case report, absence of bone resorption due to impaired/altered bone metabolism of the grafted bone likely allowed bacteria to reach and infect the grafted bone via the implant fixture during development and progression of peri-implantitis.
Rh hemolytic disease in ABO-incompatible offspring. Observations on the protective effect of heterospecific pregnancy.

Abstract Heterospecific pregnancy is generally believed to protect the mother against Rh sensitization and not to protect the child against Rh hemolytic disease. This study shows that: (1) Rh hemolytic disease was less severe in 126 infants ABO incompatible with their mothers than in 366 compatible infants. The 126 included 53 with combined Rh and ABO hemolytic disease and 73 with only Rh hemolytic disease. Since the height of the maternal Rh titer was not solely responsible for the mildness, it is suggested that possibly Rh antibody is retained in the placenta and related to the binding of anti-A or -B. (2) The sensitization caused by heterospecific pregnancy in 22 per cent of the mothers analyzed showed low titer Rh antibody, which indicates only partial protection by heterospecific pregnancy.
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION Control of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation: Amend Duties of State Authorities; Revise State Control of Erosion and Sedimentation

The Act establishes an education program for persons involved in land development design, review, permitting, construction, monitoring, or inspection or any land-disturbing activity, to be administered by the State Soil and Water Conservation Commission. The Act extensively revises [Code] Chapter 12-7, the 'Erosion and Sedimentation Act of 1975.' Among other changes to Code Chapter 12-7, the Act authorizes a new state-imposed permit fee of up to $80 per acre of disturbed land, establishes a Stakeholder Advisory Board to work in collaboration with the Environmental Protection Division and the Soil Conservation Commission, and authorizes a study to evaluate the effectiveness of erosion and sedimentation control measures currently employed by the State of Georgia.
Thermal and magnetic properties of CeGe2

The magnetization data measured at low applied fields show that CeGe2 undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at TN=7 K and exhibits a second ferromagnetic transition at TC=4.3 K. As the applied field increases, TC increases, but TN is almost unchanged. These two magnetic transitions merge to become a single ferromagnetic transition at a field equal to or larger than 5 kG. This is the first report of an antiferromagnetic transition in CeGe2 and the data are significantly different from those previously reported. The high temperature magnetic susceptibility shows the Curie–Weiss behavior and the effective paramagnetic moment is 2.38 μB indicating that the Ce ions in CeGe2 are trivalent. The specific heat data also show anomalies at 4.3 and 7 K associated with two magnetic transitions, respectively. An enhanced electronic specific heat coefficient of γHT=120 mJ/mol K2 is deduced for temperatures above TN.
Treatment of Facial Pain and Neuralgias

There are many pharmacological treatment options for classical trigeminal neuralgia. When those fail or are not tolerated, more invasive interventions are ­available. Other cranial neuralgias include occipital, glossopharyngeal, nasociliary, nervus intermedius, and supraorbital neuralgias and may be more challenging to ­diagnose and treat. Other causes of facial or oral discomfort include sympto­matic (or ­secondary) trigeminal neuralgia, temporomandibular dysfunction, burning mouth syndrome, neck-tongue syndrome, and nummular headache. Pharma­­co­therapeutics are discussed from both a medicine and surgical standpoint with consideration of the limited evidence base.
Reaction of CO2 with human hemoglobin solution.

Abstract We have measured the disappearance of dissolved CO2 with time after the mixing of dialyzed human hemoglobin solution (average 7.76 mm) at a CO2 partial pressure of nearly zero and water equilibrated with 75 torr of CO2 in a continuous flow rapid reaction apparatus with the use of a CO2 electrode to indicate its partial pressure. po2 was zero in both solutions and the temperature was 37°. Acetazolamide (1.1 mm) was included to inhibit carbonic anhydrase. There was (a) a rapid initial fall in pco2, complete within approximately 0.1 sec and (b) a further slow fall continuing out to several seconds. The initial fall (Process a) is greater at greater pH and less when the hemoglobin is oxygenated. The decrement in pco2 at 0.1 sec corresponds to the formation of amounts of hemoglobin carbamate equal to those reported by others with different techniques, within experimental error. We conclude that Process a represents the formation of hemoglobin carbamate and Process b represents the uncatalyzed hydration of CO2. The velocity constant for the reaction of CO2 and hemoglobin-NH2 (ka) was estimated from the relation between the over-all velocity of the reaction and [H+], which gives a value of 11,000 m-1 sec-1. This value of ka is dependent upon the value chosen for the equilibrium constant (Kz) of the pertinent hemoglobin NH2 groups with H+ ions, which was considered to approximate 7.2 x 10-8 m. The equilibrium constant for the reaction of CO2 and hemoglobin-NH2, Kc, was calculated with less reliability from the change in pco2 at 0.1 sec, under the assumption that it represented equilibrium of carbamate and CO2. Values ranged from 2 x 10-5 to 8 x 10-6, as compared with an estimate of 2.4 x 10-5 in the literature. When this last value is assumed for Kc, and a minimal value for the acid ionization constant of hemoglobin-NHCOOH is taken as 10-6 m, the velocity constant for the dissociation, kd, approximates 500 sec-1. Calculations from previously reported measurements of the rate of CO2 uptake by suspensions of deoxygenated human red cells give a ka within the cell of approximately 5 x 103 m-1 sec-1, which is probably not significantly different from that in solution.
A PDZ protein ushers in new links.

Usher syndrome is a major cause of combined deafness and blindness. One form of the disease, termed USH1C, is now found to be caused by mutations in the gene encoding a PDZ-containing protein, harmonin. As interactions between PDZ proteins and their targets are known to mediate protein localization, signalling and maintenance of membrane characteristics, this discovery should accelerate our understanding of Usher syndrome and other auditory disorders.
Enhancement of Suboptimal CD8 Cytotoxic T Cell Effector Function In Vivo Using Antigen-Specific CD80 Defective T Cells

T cell upregulation of B7 molecules CD80 and CD86 limits T cell expansion in immunodeficient hosts; however, the relative roles of CD80 separate from CD86 on CD4 versus CD8 T cells in a normal immune system are not clear. To address this question, we used the parent-into-F1 (P→F1) murine model of graft-versus-host disease and transferred optimal and suboptimal doses of CD80 and/or CD86 knockout (KO) T cells into normal F1 hosts. Enhanced elimination of host B cells by KO T cells was observed only at suboptimal donor cell doses and was greatest for CD80 KO→F1 mice. Wild-type donor cells exhibited peak CD80 upregulation at day 10; CD80 KO donor cells exhibited greater peak (day 10) donor T cell proliferation and CD8 T cell effector CTL numbers versus wild-type→F1 mice. Fas or programmed cell death-1 upregulation was normal as was homeostatic contraction of CD80 KO donor cells from days 12-14. Mixing studies demonstrated that maximal host cell elimination was seen when both CD4 and CD8 T cells were CD80 deficient. These results indicate an important role for CD80 upregulation on Ag-activated CD4 and CD8 T cells in limiting expansion of CD8 CTL effectors as part of a normal immune response. Our results support further studies of therapeutic targeting of CD80 in conditions characterized by suboptimal CD8 effector responses.
Ethics and Schools of Public Health

4. Further exploration of the formal sector will require additional tools such as direct observation, site visits, and in-depth review of curriculum content. The informal aspects will require focus group discussions with faculty, students, and research staff, as well as in-depth interviews with key representatives of the various communities of people in a school of public health. 5. The premise is that the informal sector is often more important than the formal sector in forming the attitudes and opinions of young professionals. Thus, knowledge of the principles and theories of ethics and ethical regulations is transmitted by the courses, but how these elements are viewed and dealt with is often influenced by what the health professional experiences in the academic setting. 6. The general stress on ethics within a school is important in setting precedence. Ethical guidelines for student behavior, examination processes, and other regulations need to be explained in terms of moral commitment as well. The role that ethics plays in the academic environment, as defined by the importance allocated to it by all departments and courses, is also critical. Departments other than the formal teaching departments may play a role in making an ethical value base explicit to the academic enterprise. 7. Learning from the behavior of re
Chirp Managed Lasers

High-performance optical transmitters based on external modulator technologies have been used in 10 Gbps telecommunication systems for all applications that extend beyond a few kilometers. Such externally modulated transmitters require a continuous wave (CW) laser to provide the light source and a modulator to encode the digital data into the intensity of the light. Now, a new technology may eliminate the external modulators.