cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of perceived physiological activity in affective judgments

Abstract This study assessed the physiological and cognitive effects of Valins' ( Valins, S. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 1966, 4 , 400–408 ) false heart rate procedure. Twenty-two male subjects were exposed to two feedback conditions during which measures of actual heart rate and skin conductance were obtained. In each condition, eight slides of nude females were presented; some slides were associated with false heart rate increases, while for other slides the feedback remained stable. In one condition, subjects were told that the heart rate was that of another subject; in the other condition, subjects were told that the feedback was their own heart rate. In both conditions, subjects judged the attractiveness of the slides from their own point of view and from the point of view of the other subject. Slides associated with false heart rate increases were rated as more attractive than stable slides when subjects (1) heard their own heart rate and rated their own attraction; (2) heard the other subject's heart rate and rated their own attraction; and (3) heard the other subject's heart rate and rated the other subject's attraction. Skin conductance responses and actual cardiac decelerations were greater when subjects heard what was allegedly their own heart rate and when the slides were accompanied by apparent cardiac acceleration. However, these actual physiological responses did not play a causal role in relation to the affective judgments. Instead, the relationship between perceived physiological changes and feelings of attractiveness was mediated by cognitive processes associated with informational and directive influences of the feedback.
Neuropsychological consultation to geriatricians: Issues in the assessment of memory complaints

Abstract Complaints of memory difficulty frequently prompt referral of older medical patients for neuropsychological evaluation. Such complaints are common among older individuals, creating problems in differentiating normal aging from pathological processes. Available research indicates that difficulty in distinguishing between dementia and depression, as a cause of memory impairment in older age, is the largest source of diagnostic error. This paper reviews evidence concerning factors which contribute to this diagnostic difficulty. These include: normal age-related changes in cognitive functioning, cognitive deficits accompanying depression, partial overlap between the signs and symptoms of depression and dementing illnesses, and the occurrence of depression in dementia patients. Recommendations are made, based upon empirical studies and clinical observation, for both the appropriate selection of assessment instruments and attention to clinical features which can assist in differentiating dementia from ...
Fundamentals, Feedback Trading, and Housing Market Speculation: Evidence from California

Abstract Housing market researchers have long suspected that the market for single family homes is not efficient. The apparent predictability in housing prices, at least in the short run, leaves open the possibility of speculative purchases in the housing market. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relative influence of speculative and economic demand on median house price on the Santa Barbara South Coast. An empirical model is presented that allows for decomposition of house price appreciation into that driven by economic and demographic forces and that resulting from speculative demand. The decomposition reveals a speculative bubble in the housing market forming in late 1987 and collapsing in mid 1990.
Moderate inversion in MOS devices

Abstract The region of validity of common approximations for weak and strong inversion is examined. It is shown that at the lower limit of what is often defined as strong inversion region, incremental quantities such as transconductance can be an order of magnitude smaller than the value predicted by using common strong inversion approximations. It is suggested that the limits of validity of widely used approximations for various quantities in weak and strong inversion can be judged by the value of a single parameter, namely the ratio of the inversion layer capacitance to the sum of the oxide capacitance and the depletion region capacitance. It is shown that in the region where this parameter takes values above 0.1, weak inversion approximations are in serious error; similarly, in the region where this parameter takes values below 10, strong inversion approximations are in serious error. The definition of a “moderate inversion region” between the above two limit points is proposed. The width of this region is calculated for a variety of process parameters and values of the quasi-Fermi potential difference, and is found to exceed 0.5 V in many cases. The accuracy of commonly used approximations for the extrapolated threshold voltage is examined.
Utilizing knowledge links in the implementation of system development methodologies

Abstract Developing technical ‘know-how’ is a slow process that can become a barrier in implementing complex administrative technologies such as a software development methodology. To overcome this barrier, organizations often seek knowledge links that can enhance learning and minimize inevitable problems that are encountered in an implementation process. This paper presents the findings of an empirical study that examines the prescribed versus actual use of external consultants, universities and vendors as knowledge links during the implementation of systems development methodologies (SDM). First, the study assesses the need and value of establishing and utilizing links to external sources of expertise for successful SDM implementation. We then identify and analyze a gap that exists between what the links to external knowledge are perceived to be capable of contributing and what the links to external knowledge are actually contributing during SDM implementation. In conclusion, possible reasons for the gap are discussed.
Vertical aerosol structure of Neptune: Constraints from center-to-limb profiles

New center-to-limb (CTL) equatorial region profiles of Neptune have been extracted from spatially well-resolved images. The 8900-A CTL profile entails the presence of material above the 5-mbar level whose optical depth is less than 0.5. CH4-band data admit of thin scattering hazes in the 0.4-1.5 bar pressure level, although optical depths must be lower than 0.05; so thin a haze falls short of the reflected flux at 6340 A, thereby implying the presence of another scattering layer deeper than 1.5 bars. A good fit to the observed reflectivity is obtained by a bright cloud layer with an optical depth of 3.0.
A Generic Approach for Embedded Catalyst-Supported Vertically Aligned Nanowire Growth

We demonstrate a general approach for growing vertically aligned, single-crystalline nanowires of any material on arbitrary substrates by using plasma-sputtered Au/Pd thin films as a catalyst through the vapor-liquid-solid process. The high-energy sputtered Au/Pd atoms form a reactive interface with the substrate forming nanoclusters which get embedded in the substrate, thus providing mechanical stability for vertically aligned nanowire growth. We demonstrate that our approach for vertically aligned nanowire growth is generic and can be extended to various complex substrates such as conducting indium tin oxide.
Integration or separation? Nationality groups in the US and the Republican Party's ethnic politics, 1960s–1980s

Using examples of American Latvians, Estonians and Ukrainians in the states of Minnesota, New Jersey and New York this article explores the ambiguous nature of integration of nationalities groups inside the Republican Party during the 1960s–1980s. Based on the analysis of available archival information, it is shown that the Republican Party intentionally brought in the ethnics during the discussed period and created the Nationalities Sections within specific electoral campaigns, Nationalities Divisions inside the state party organizations and the National Republican Heritage Groups (Nationalities) Council within the Republican National Committee in order to recruit the ethnics and engage in the partisan struggle with the Democrats. Consequently, the nationalities were given a sense of importance, but little real power to actually influence the internal processes inside the party. At the same time, the nationalities eagerly responded to the invitation to join the Republican national and state-level organiz...
Regulation of Expression of Dopamine β‐Hydroxylase in PC12 Cells by Glucocorticoids and Cyclic AMP Analogues

Regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis is crucial in the adaptation to various physiological conditions, such as stress, and in several disorders, including hypertension and depression. In this study we have found that in PC12 cells, the mRNA levels of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine from dopamine, can be regulated by glucocorticoids and cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogues. Treatment with dexamethasone increased DBH mRNA levels by 6 h. with maximal elevation (four- to fivefold) obtained after 1 day of exposure, and these levels were maintained for up to 4 days. DBH mRNA levels were also elevated on treatment of PC12 cells with 8-bromo cAMP for 8 h to 1 day. The response to 8-bromo cAMP, however, was bimodal, because DBH mRNA levels declined below control values on treatment for > 1 day. In combined treatments with 8-bromo cAMP and dexamethasone, the cAMP effect was dominant. To begin to characterize the regulation of DBH mRNA, genomic clones for rat DBH were isolated, and 1 kb of the 5' flanking region was sequenced. Several putative regulatory elements, which may be involved in cAMP and glucocorticoid regulation, were identified, including two adjacent cAMP response elements, another element that can also bind members of the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors, a NF-kappa B-like sequence, several AP-2 sites, and three core glucocorticoid receptor binding sequences.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS IN THE COSTA RICA DOME IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN

The distributions of salinity, clissolvccl oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, and silicate in the Costa Rica Dome arc described from data collected during the Costa Rica Dome cruise Novcmbcr-Dccembcr 1959. The dome is an arca where nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor water is brought to the surface by upwelling. The ratios of change of oxygen, phosphate, and nitrate arc computed statistically from the observed data to 1,100 m depth. A simple mixing model is used to explain the obscrvcd vertical distribution of oxygen above 65 m when allowances are made for photosynthetic oxygen production. The contributions of oxygen From various sources arc estimatccl by use of the model. A similar model is used to compute the ratios in which nutrients arc assimilated by phytoplankton.
Recent results from parton-cascade/microscopic transport

The parton-cascade model is a microscopic transport approach in the study of the space-time evolution of the quark–gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and its experimental manifestations. In the following, parton-cascade calculations on elliptic flow and thermalization will be discussed. Dynamical evolution is shown to be important for the production of elliptic flow including the scaling and the breaking of the scaling of elliptic flow. The degree of thermalization is estimated using both an elastic parton-cascade and a radiative transport model. A longitudinal to transverse pressure ratio of P L /P T ≈0.8 is shown to be expected in the central cell in central collisions. This provides information on viscous corrections to the ideal hydrodynamical approach.
Urban Hispanic Poverty: Disaggregations and Explanations

This article argues that Hispanic (Latino) poverty remains considerably understudied and misunderstood in spite of its substantial and growing incidence. It has received relatively little scholarly attention partly because of data deficiencies and partly because of the dominance of black poverty within the agendas of research and policy circles alike. In addition, what little research has been done has all too often treated the hybrid category “Hispanic” as a single group. The author argues that treating Latinos as a single group is an unsatisfactory approach to analysis. This is illustrated by showing the importance of disaggregation by group for interpreting trends in the relevant indicators of distress. It is also suggested that such analyses ought to take full account of peculiarities in the processes under which these groups have entered U.S. society. It is shown here that such factors are often quite important to understanding the mobility process. Finally, all three lines of reasoning advanced here are further supported by showing that the most current theoretical orientations to poverty research are irrelevant to the Latino experience, especially if the Hispanic groups are not considered separately
QUANTIFIED DEEP TENDON REFLEX DEVICE, SECOND GENERATION

The deep tendon reflex is a fundamental aspect of neurological examinations. The severity of and degree of recovery from a traumatic brain injury can be assessed by the myotatic stretch reflex. A hyperactive reflex response is correlated with spasticity, which can also be correlated with the degree of damage to the supraspinal input, in essence assessing the severity of traumatic brain injury. The myotatic stretch reflex is clinically evaluated by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) reflex scale (0–4); however, this scale lacks temporal data and may also vary in interpretation. The solution is a fully quantified evaluation system of the myotatic stretch reflex, whereby a patellar hammer's force input is based on original potential energy and a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer quantifies the output. The MEMS accelerometer is attached to a set anchor point near the ankle. The reflex amplitude is based on the maximum acceleration of the reflex response. The quantified data collected from MEMS accelerometers are transmitted by a portable computer (i.e. a Pocket PC). This paper describes a device that quantitatively evaluates the reflex response using accelerometers and that demonstrates precision for reproducibility.
Utilization Of Innovative Technologies To Meet Increasing Oil Demand

In an effort to improve well production performance targeting recent increases in oil demand, Saudi Aramco implemented several innovative technologies and practices in its offshore assets in the Arabian Gulf. The identified challenges which followed past practices were focused on enhancements to existing well completions, chemical treatments of damaged wells, implementation of Smart field technologies and early detection of casing leaks to enhance wellbore integrity and meet environmental standards.
Acoustooptic modulation resonances of injection lasers

A new approach is presented that explains the modulation resonance behavior of AlGaAs injection lasers as a consequence of collisions between photons and phonons in the lasing medium. The theory is applied to relate the laser's refractive index step with the measured modulation resonance frequency. Symmetrically located resonance peaks observed on unmodulated laser spectra are also explained with the new theory, which is compared with the conventional rate equation approach. Experimental data for modulated and unmodulated laser spectra and numerical calculations are presented in support of this acoustooptic theory.
Progression of Chiari I malformations while on growth hormone replacement: a report of two cases

The effect of growth hormone replacement on Chiari I malformation (CIM) associated with growth hormone deficiency is not clear. Two patients are presented, who were found to have CIM and growth hormone deficiency. While on hormone replacement therapy, both experienced disease progression with development of syringomyelia and required surgical intervention. Growth hormone replacement for CIM associated with growth hormone deficiency does not uniformly halt or reverse syrinx progression. If a trial of hormone replacement is attempted, patients should be followed closely for progression of syringomyelia or the development of symptoms.
Barriers to Organizational Democracy in Public Administration

This essay explores the forms that organizational democracy might take in public administration and argues that organizational democracy need not be incompatible with principles of representative democracy. Democratizing work life in public organizations is viewed as a way to develop members' interpersonal skills, decrease buck-passing, increase job satisfaction, productivity, and public-bureaucratic contacts, recruit talented leadership, and engender more creative solutions to pubiic problems. Barriers to work democratization in public bureaucracy derive from the prevailing political arrangements; the needs, habits, and interests of organizational elites; the folkways and organizational ideologies found in public bureaucracies; the bureaucratic socialization and reward system; and the competitive impact of alternative "change models." Despite these obstacles, potential opportunities for structural change that may be unique to public as against large-scale private organizations are discernible, suggesting...
The effects of ability grouping on student achievement and resource allocation in secondary schools

A school policy of grouping students by ability has little effect on average math achievement growth. Unlike earlier research, this paper also finds little or no differential effects of grouping for high-achieving, average, or low-achieving students. One explanation is that the allocation of students and resources into classes is remarkably similar between schools that claim to group and those that claim not to group. The examination of three school inputs: class size, teacher education, and teacher experience, indicates that both types of schools tailor resources to the class ability level in similar ways, for instance by putting low-achieving students into smaller classes. [JEL I21] © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Family Cluster of Five Cases of Group A Streptococcal Pneumonia

A cluster of 5 family members, a mother and 4 children, were hospitalized for severe group A Streptococcus (GAS) pneumonia. Three family members had complications: sepsis (1), empyema (2), and a sterile parapneumonic effusion (1). Two additional family members had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, and 1 was hospitalized for these symptoms. GAS was isolated from the blood of 1 patient, the pleural fluid of 2 patients, and the oropharynx of 6 patients. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis testing revealed an identical deoxyribonucleic acid pattern in all 7 isolates. Genotyping revealed the speA gene and serotyping the T-1, M-1 serotype in all isolates. This family cluster of invasive GAS disease is the largest reported to date, with an attack rate of 41.7% (5 of 12 family members). This report provides further support for antibiotic prophylaxis of close contacts of individuals with invasive GAS disease.
Modified Dislocation Structures in Ge x Si 1-x Double Epilayers on (001)Si

Double epilayers of different compositions of GexSi1-x on (001)Si are observed to have dislocation contents which differ markedly from similar single epilayers. An initial epilayer, grown below its critical thickness, underwent substantial misfit dislocation introduction, while a second epilayer, grown at a composition where edge-type misfit dislocations are normally observed to dominate the morphology, contained mostly 60° type dislocations. It is suggested that dislocation entry into the upper, high mismatch epilayer allows many dislocations to enter the buried, low mismatch epilayer, and that this in turn affects the dislocation morphology in the upper layer through strain relief.
Individual and collective behavior of vibrating motors interacting through a resonant plate

We report on experiments of many small motors—cell phone vibrators—glued to and interacting through a resonant elastic plate. We find that the motors tend to avoid frequencies that are just higher than the resonances of a plate, preferring instead frequencies just below those resonances. As a result, motors interacting through a resonant plate exhibit hysteresis in their frequency versus driving voltage. We also find that the stability of a single motor near a resonance is different from the stability of a group of motors near a resonance. When the driving voltage is constant and the transient behavior of the system has passed, we find that the average frequency of all the motors is constant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electromyographic correlates of learning an internal model of reaching movements.

Theoretical and psychophysical studies have suggested that humans learn to make reaching movements in novel dynamic environments by building specific internal models (IMs). Here we have found electromyographic correlates of internal model formation. We recorded EMG from four muscles as subjects learned to move a manipulandum that created systematic forces (a “force field”). We also simulated a biomechanical controller, which generated movements based on an adaptive IM of the inverse dynamics of the human arm and the manipulandum. The simulation defined two metrics of muscle activation. The first metric measured the component of the EMG of each muscle that counteracted the force field. We found that early in training, the field-appropriate EMG was driven by an error feedback signal. As subjects practiced, the peak of the field-appropriate EMG shifted temporally to earlier in the movement, becoming a feedforward command. The gradual temporal shift suggests that the CNS may use the delayed error‐ feedback response, which was likely to have been generated through spinal reflex circuits, as a template to learn a predictive feedforward response. The second metric quantified formation of the IM through changes in the directional bias of each muscle’s spatial EMG function, i.e., EMG as a function of movement direction. As subjects practiced, co-activation decreased, and the directional bias of each muscle’s EMG function gradually rotated by an amount that was specific to the field being learned. This demonstrates that formation of an IM can be represented through rotations in the spatial tuning of muscle EMG functions. Combined with other recent work linking spatial tunings of EMG and motor cortical cells, these results suggest that rotations in motor cortical tuning functions could underlie representation of internal models in the CNS.
D-Dimer Concentrations in Normal Pregnancy: New Diagnostic Thresholds Are Needed

Background: Pregnancy is known to increase the D-dimer concentration above the conventional normal threshold of 0.50 mg/L, leading to an increased false-positive D-dimer test when venous thromboembolism (VTE) is clinically suspected in a pregnant patient. Our aim was to determine the effect of normal pregnancy on the D-dimer concentration. Methods: Healthy women who were seeking to become pregnant and had no preexisting condition known to increase the D-dimer concentration were identified. Quantitative D-dimer measurements (MDA turbidimetric assay) and fibrinogen assays were performed before conception, at each trimester, and at 4 weeks postpartum. Patients were excluded for fetal loss or preeclampsia. Results: A total of 50 women were enrolled in the study, and blood samples were obtained at preconception and all trimesters from 23 women. The mean (SD) preconception D-dimer concentration was 0.43 (0.49) mg/L, and 79% of women had a D-dimer concentration <0.50 mg/L. D-Dimer increased with each trimester such that only 22% of women in the second trimester and none (of 23) in the third trimester (95% confidence interval, 0–14%) had a D-dimer concentration <0.50 mg/L. We found no correlation between either the D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations or between the increases in D-dimer and fibrinogen with pregnancy. Conclusions: Normal pregnancy causes a progressive increase in circulating D-dimer. The D-dimer test has no use in ruling out VTE in the third trimester if a cutoff of 0.50 mg/L is used. A large management study is needed to establish new thresholds for the D-dimer to rule out VTE in each trimester.
Transmission line pulsed waveform shaping with microwave filters

Impedance mismatches in the standard transmission line pulsed (TLP) measurement system will severely distort the pulsed waveform, but use of matched microwave attenuating filters can transform the setup into a 50-Omega TLP system which produces near-ideal waveforms. In addition, passive, lossless low-pass filters can be used to vary the rise time of the pulse. Detailed measurement and microwave simulation results are provided.
Self-Preserving Properties of Steady Round Nonbuoyant Turbulent Jets in Uniform Crossflows

The properties of steady round nonbuoyant turbulent jets in uniform crossflows were studied, motivated by applications to the dispersion of heat and potentially harmful substances from steady exhaust flows. Emphasis was placed on self-preserving conditions far from the source where source disturbances have been lost and where jet properties are largely controlled by the conserved properties of the flow. The experiments involved steady round nonbuoyant fresh water jet sources injected into uniform and steady fresh water crossflows within the windowed test section of a water channel facility. Flow visualization was carried out by photographing dye-containing source jets. Mean and fluctuating concentrations of source fluid were measured over cross sections of the flow using Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). The self-preserving properties of the flow were correlated successfully based on scaling analysis due to Fischer et al. (1979) which involves assumptions of no-slip convection in the cross stream direction (parallel to the crossflow) and a self-preserving nonbuoyant turbulent line puff having a conserved momentum force per unit length that moves in the streamwise direction (parallel to the initial source flow). The flow structure consisted of two counterrotating vortices, with their axes nearly aligned with the crossflow direction, that move away from the source in the streamwise direction due to the action of source momentum. Present measurements extended up to 160 source diameters from the source in the streamwise direction and yielded the following results: jet motion in the cross stream direction satisfied the no-slip convection approximation; geometrical features, such as the penetration of flow boundaries and the trajectories of the axes of the counter-rotating vortices, reached self-preserving behavior at streamwise distances greater than 40–50 source diameters from the source; parameters associated with the structure of the flow, e.g., contours and profiles of mean and fluctuating concentrations of source fluid, however, did not reach self-preserving behavior prior to reaching streamwise (vertical) distances greater than 70–80 source diameters from the source.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Let's browse: a collaborative browsing agent

Abstract Web browsing, like most of today's desktop applications, is usually a solitary activity. Other forms of media, such as watching television, are often done by groups of people, such as families or friends. What would it be like to do collaborative Web browsing? Could the computer provide assistance to group browsing by trying to help find mutual interests among the participants? Let's Browse is an experiment in building an agent to assist a group of people in browsing, by suggesting new material likely to be of common interest. It is built as an extension to the single user Web browsing agent Letizia. Let's Browse features automatic detection of the presence of users, automated “channel surfing” browsing, and dynamic display of the user profiles and explanation of recommendations.
Aspects as Modular Language Extensions

Abstract Extensible programming languages and their compilers use highly modular specifications of languages and language extensions that allow a variety of different language feature sets to be easily imported into the programming environment by the programmer. Our model of extensible languages is based on higher-order attribute grammars and an extension called “forwarding” that mimics a simple rewriting process. It is designed so that no additional attribute definitions need to be written when combining a language with language extensions. Thus, programmers can remain unaware of the underlying attribute grammars when building customized languages by importing various extensions. In this paper we show how aspects and the aspect weaving process from Aspect-Oriented Programming can be specified as a modular language extension and imported into a base language specified in an extensible programming language framework.
Automated construction of web accessibility models from transaction click-streams

Screen readers, the dominant assistive technology used by visually impaired people to access the Web, function by speaking out the content of the screen serially. Using screen readers for conducting online transactions can cause considerable information overload, because transactions, such as shopping and paying bills, typically involve a number of steps spanning several web pages. One can combat this overload by using a transaction model for web accessibility that presents only fragments of web pages that are needed for doing transactions. We can realize such a model by coupling a process automaton, encoding states of a transaction, with concept classifiers that identify page fragments "relevant" to a particular state of the transaction. In this paper we present a fully automated process that synergistically combines several techniques for transforming unlabeled click-stream data generated by transactions into a transactionmodel. These techniques include web content analysis to partition a web page into segments consisting of semantically related content, contextual analysis of data surrounding clickable objects in a page, and machine learning methods, such as clustering of page segments based on contextual analysis, statistical classification, and automata learning. The use of unlabeled click streams in building transaction models has important benefits: (i) visually impaired users do not have to depend on sighted users for creating manually labeled training data to construct the models; (ii) it is possible to mine personalized models from unlabeled transaction click-streams associated with sites that visually impaired users visit regularly; (iii) since unlabeled data is relatively easy to obtain, it is feasible to scale up the construction of domain-specific transaction models (e.g., separate models for shopping, airline reservations, bill payments, etc.); (iv) adjusting the performance of deployed models over timtime with new training data is also doable. We provide preliminary experimental evidence of the practical effectiveness of both domain-specific, as well as personalized accessibility transaction models built using our approach. Finally, this approach is applicable for building transaction models for mobile devices with limited-size displays, as well as for creating wrappers for information extraction from web sites.
Dielectric strings: A low clutter method for bistatic RCS measurements

Bistatic RCS measurements have seen a recent resurgence as interest in passive coherent location (PCL) systems and other survivable detection schemes has increased. Low RCS bistatic measurements in particular provide a unique challenge to the RCS metrologist as noise, clutter, and interfering signals become significant relative to the desired signal. Traditional methods for supporting the bistatic antenna/receiver often provide a significant source of moving clutter that interacts strongly with the target. This paper presents a new low clutter method based on recent advances in string-based target support systems. A simple experiment is described and the resulting fixed angle bistatic measurement results are qualitatively analyzed, clearly demonstrating the benefits of the proposed methodology.
Thermal Characteristics of Plastic Small Outline Transistor (SOT) Packages

Surface mount plastic packages, including small outline transistor (SOT), small outline integrated circuit (SOIC), and plastic leaded chip carrier (PLCC), are projected to be the next generation replacement for plastic dual in-line packages (DIP's). Relative to DIP's, surface mount packages are small in size and allow higher package density on a hoard, leading to higher electrical speed for system applications. However, their small size and high density mounting in close proximity to each other make thermal management more difficult. Thermal characteristics of one class of plastic surface mount packages, namely, small outline transistor 23 and 89 packages will be addressed. The most striking feature of these packages is their small size, meaning the effective package diameter is on the same order of magnitude as the board thickness. Junction to ambient thermal resistance of these packages is less sensitive to package parameters, such as thermal conductivity of leadframe, molding compound, die bond, and chip size, than to variations in local printed circuit (PC) board temperature rise. About 80 percent of the surface mount package heat flows into the board at modest board temperatures, making the local mounting environment the greatest influence on thermal resistance. Experimental thermal resistance data for single component plastic SOT-23 and SOT-89 packages are reported. Both electrical parametric and infrared (IR) techniques were used to measure these quantities. The most noteworthy observation is that the external thermal resistance is about 2/3 of the total thermal resistance and thus controls the package's thermal behavior. The effect of density of mounting on thermal resistance of the packages is measured by IR imaging experiments. Package pitch, relative orientation of neighboring packages, and one-sided versus double-sided mountings are parameters that were varied in these experiments.
Fluconazole Pharmacokinetics in Burn Patients

The pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in nine adult patients with severe (30 to 95% total body surface area) burns were studied. There was no significant difference in half-life (t1/2), clearance (CL), or volume of distribution (V) over time in five patients on days 3 and 8 of the study (P > 0.05). Combined parameter estimates (means +/- standard deviations) for all nine patients for the two study periods were as follows: t1/2, 24.4 +/- 5.8 h; CL, 0.36 +/- 0.09 ml/min/kg; and V, 0.72 +/- 0.12 liters/kg. These estimates of t1/2 and CL in burn patients were approximately 13% shorter and 30% more rapid, respectively, than the most extreme estimates reported for other populations.
The effects of fear on performance monitoring and attentional allocation.

Evidence from event-related potential (ERP) studies indicates abnormal error processing and attentional allocation in ‘‘trait’’-anxious individuals. However, few studies have been conducted that evaluate relevant ERP components during the induction of an anxious state (i.e., fear). In the present study, ERPs were measured in 16 undergraduates during control and fear induction conditions to examine the effects of fear on error processing and attentional allocation. Despite comparable performance in both experimental conditions, the ERP data indicated reductions in attentional allocation and error salience during fear induction. Fear did not appear to directly alter early error processing, as indicated by the error-related negativity, however. The implication of these results for understanding how trait and state anxiety may affect error processing and attentional allocation are discussed. Descriptors: Anxiety, Error-related negativity, Ne, Attention, P300, Error positivity
Emotional intelligence and wisdom

Soulignant la pertinence de l'idee d'intelligence emotionnelle dans le debat scientifique contemporain, l'A. etudie le phenomene le declin de la valeur de la sagesse dans notre culture moderne, correlativement a l'emergence d'un concept psychologique de la conscience des sentiments et des impulsions. Distinguant l'intelligence emotionnelle de l'intelligence cognitive, ainsi que l'approche utilitariste de l'approche rationnelle de celle-la, l'A. montre que l'evaluation epistemique de nos propres croyances et emotions, ainsi que la consideration des croyances et emotions des autres, participe au jugement et au choix dans le cadre d'une vision du monde et de la culture humanistes fondee sur la rationalite et la moralite
In-Situ Studies of the Formation of GA and AL Wires on SI(112) Facet Surfaces

Reflectance difference anisotropy (RDA) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED)have been used to study the formation of Ga or Al chains and nanowires on the Si (112) surface. At T > 350°C, the Ga or Al chains form at the step edges by a self-limiting process, while at lower temperatures, Ga or Al nanowires form on the terraces in addition to the chains on the ledges. The process has been tracked in real time from the rapid change of the (2×1) Si (112) reconstruction under subcritical coverage to chain formation leading to a 5×1 reconstruction followed by a 6×1 reconstruction’. During sequential deposition of Ga and Al, we observe (in RDA and AES) that Ga atoms forming the chains can be replaced by Al, indicating a stronger Al-Si bond strength and confirming the chemical sensitivity of the light scattering in RDA. Low temperature depositions (in the 300’C range) are shown to lead to the formation of Al (or Ga) metallic wires on the Si (111) terraces. Continued deposition of less than 10 monolayers at T below 250°C leads to a very anisotropic but patterned Al or Ga structure in registry with the substrate which retains an unexpectedly large polarizability for coverages as thick as 40 ml.
Considerations and recommendations for data availability for data analytics for manufacturing

Data analytics is increasingly becoming recognized as a valuable set of tools and techniques for improving performance in the manufacturing enterprise. However, data analytics requires data and a lack of useful and usable data has become an impediment to research in data analytics. In this paper, we describe issues that would help aid data availability including data quality, reliability, efficiency, and formats specific to data analytics in manufacturing. To encourage data availability, we present recommendations and requirements to guide future data contributions. We also describe the need for data for challenge problems in data analytics. A better understanding of these needs, recommendations, and requirements may improve the ability of researchers and other practitioners to improve research and more rapidly deploy data analytics in manufacturing.
Evaluation of Capacities in Psychiatry

In Chapter One, I noted that one major way in which a psychiatric evaluation differs from evaluations in other medical specialties is the extent to which it is focused on an assessment of the patient’s capacities. I also noted the failure of psychiatric educators to develop models for teaching students how to evaluate capacities. In many ways, that failure is understandable. The evaluation of capacities requires a great deal of conceptualization and speculation about the interaction of many biological, psychological, and social variables. Often, the task involves making predictions on the basis of insufficient data. Sometimes, the evaluation may even take on a moral dimension.
Coupling primary and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in an in vitro model of cardiac cell therapy

The efficacy of cardiac cell therapy depends on the integration of existing and newly formed cardiomyocytes. Here, we developed a minimal in vitro model of this interface by engineering two cell microtissues (μtissues) containing mouse cardiomyocytes, representing spared myocardium after injury, and cardiomyocytes generated from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, to model newly formed cells. We demonstrated that weaker stem cell–derived myocytes coupled with stronger myocytes to support synchronous contraction, but this arrangement required focal adhesion-like structures near the cell–cell junction that degrade force transmission between cells. Moreover, we developed a computational model of μtissue mechanics to demonstrate that a reduction in isometric tension is sufficient to impair force transmission across the cell–cell boundary. Together, our in vitro and in silico results suggest that mechanotransductive mechanisms may contribute to the modest functional benefits observed in cell-therapy studies by regulating the amount of contractile force effectively transmitted at the junction between newly formed and spared myocytes.
Ben Sira and the Stoics: A Reexamination of the Evidence

In his famous Hymn to Zeus, the early Stoic Cleanthes (d. ca. 232 B.C.E.) declared: "ever omnipotent Zeus, prime mover of nature (Ouao~eo apXyF-y), ... hail to you! ... All this cosmos, as it spins around the earth, obeys you, whichever way you lead, and willingly submits to your sway."I Were these words all that were extant from the Stoics, there would be little for us to distinguish between the Stoic worldview and that of Ben Sira, the Jerusalem scribe who between 185-175 B.C.E. composed in Hebrew his Wisdom of Ben Sira.2 Nor, however, would there be much to distinguish between this worldview and that of earlier Jewish wisdom literature-whether Proverbs, the book of Job, or Qoheleth; or that of the Egyptian Demotic wisdom instructions, Ankhsheshonqy and Papyrus Insinger; or that of prophetic and eschatological texts as varied as Deutero-Isaiah, Daniel, Jubilees, 1 Enoch, the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, the Community Rule, and the War Rule.3 The belief that
Leveraging shape and depth in user authentication from in-air hand gestures

Depth-sensors, such as the Kinect, have predominately been used as a gesture recognition device. Recent works, however, have proposed using these sensors for user authentication using biometric modalities such as: face, speech, gait and gesture. The last of these modalities — gestures, used in the context of full-body and hand-based gestures, is relatively new but has shown promising authentication performance. In this paper, we focus on hand-based gestures that are performed in-air. We present a novel approach to user authentication from such gestures by leveraging a temporal hierarchy of depth-aware silhouette covariances. Further, we investigate the usefulness of shape and depth information in this modality, as well as the importance of hand movement when performing a gesture. By exploiting both shape and depth information our method attains an average 1.92% Equal Error Rate (EER) on a dataset of 21 users across 4 predefined hand-gestures. Our method consistently outperforms related methods on this dataset.
A pilot-scale steam autoclave system for treating municipal solid waste for recovery of renewable organic content: Operational results and energy usage

A pilot-scale (1800 kg per batch capacity) autoclave used in this study reduces municipal solid waste to a debris contaminated pulp product that is efficiently separated into its renewable organic content and non-renewable organic content fractions using a rotary trommel screen. The renewable organic content can be recovered at nearly 90% efficiency and the trommel rejects are also much easier to sort for recovery. This study provides the evaluation of autoclave operation, including mass and energy balances for the purpose of integration into organic diversion systems. Several methods of cooking municipal solid waste were explored from indirect oil heating only, a combination of oil and direct steam during the same cooking cycle, and steam only. Gross energy requirements averaged 1290 kJ kg−1 material in vessel, including the weight of free water and steam added during heating. On average, steam recovery can recoup 43% of the water added and 30% of the energy, supplying on average 40% of steam requirement...
A Study of the Relationships in Multiple Counseling

An Investigation was conducted of the relevance of the perceptions of the counseling relationship to the change In self-concept of secondary school students participating in multiple counseling. Fi...
Environmental Characterization of Ash From the Combustion of Wood and Tires for Beneficial Use in Florida

Non-hazardous industrial solid wastes are frequently proposed for beneficial use rather than being disposed in MSW landfills. An example of such an industrial waste is waste-to-energy (WTE) ash. Proposed beneficial use projects for WTE ash often involve some form of land application. Prior to the land application of any solid waste, the possible risk to human health and the environment should be assessed. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) has developed a beneficial use guidance document that provides WTE ash generators with the testing requirements that must be demonstrated before a particular beneficial use scenario is determined appropriate (FDEP 2001). For WTE ash to be deemed safe for land application, the risk associated with two separate pathways should be assessed: direct human exposure and the contamination of groundwater via leaching. While organic pollutants (e.g. dioxins) might be a concern, heavy metals are typically the pollutants that most limit the potential for reuse; heavy metals are the focus of the discussion in this paper.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
BEACH NOURISHMENT AT VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA

Aspects of the Federal beach erosion control project at Virginia Beach, Virginia are described with particular emphasis directed to the sources, characteristics, costs, methods of placement and quantities of material periodically placed on the beach following project inception The beach response to nourishment is analyzed on the basis of yearly survey records compiled from data gathered by the sea-sled direct leveling technique The quantity of annual nourishment material required to maintain present beach dimensions is determined to be approximately 141,000 cubic yards.
An Empirical Analysis of Organizational Identification

Recently, employees' identification with the organization has been recognized as an important factor for understanding work behavior. This study analyzes the determination and correlates of scienti...
The relative difficulty of reversal and dimensional shifting as a function of overlearning

Pigeons were trained in series of discriminative problems with stimuli differing both in color and shape, one dimension relevant and the other irrelevant in each problem. An ORE for shape appeared late in the experiment, but color-reversal was retarded by overtraining. Overtraining. on shape retarded shift to color, but overtraining on color had no effect on shift to shape. Where reversal and shifting differed in difficulty, shifting was easier; the opposite relation was not produced by overtraining.
Moving Metal-Mediated 18F-Fluorination from Concept to Clinic

How adherence to current Good Manufacturing Practices helps get Ritter and Hooker’s fluorination method one step closer to widespread use.
Status Perceptions in a Mental Hospital

All this suggests that there is little utility in conceiving of the "natural" areas of a city as implying the existence of a real kind of data or a real series of forces which produce real ecological areas. Paul Hatt's20 critical analysis of the natural area as a useful concept in the analysis of human behavior is confirmed by our findings. A distinction needs to be made between natural areas as logical, statistical constructs integrated with a plan of research, and the concept of natural areas as a series of spatial and social factors which act as coercive influences in ordering the activities of every person within some geographically or culturally defined area. The problem of explaining the choices in facilities related to certain common activities of urban dwellers, for example, would seem to require other than an ecological approach in the Park tradition. 20 "The Concept of Natural Area," American Sociological Review, 11 (1946), pp. 423-27.