cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outpatient platinum-taxane intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen for ovarian cancer.

Introduction: Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy is associated with an improved survival at the expense of increased toxicity in optimally debulked ovarian cancer patients. We describe the toxicity profile of an outpatient regimen of an intravenous (IV) and IP taxane-platinum chemotherapy. Methods: A chart review of all patients who received IP chemotherapy from December 2005 to May 2008 was performed. Optimally debulked patients after primary surgery for ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tubal cancer who received IV docetaxel 60 to 70 mg/m2 and IP cisplatin 80 to 85 mg/m2 on day 1 and IP paclitaxel 60 to 70 mg/m2 on day 8 every 21 days were included. Toxicities were recorded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Results: Thirty-three patients have completed chemotherapy. Of these, 19 patients (58%) completed all planned cycles of IP chemotherapy and 23 (70%) completed 75% or greater of the planned cycles. Four patients (12%) did not complete 50% or greater of the cycles. A total of 150.5 IP cycles were delivered, with a median number of 4 IP cycles (range, 0.5-7.5) completed. Grades 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities occurred in 21% of patients (n = 7), and 8 patients (24%) experienced grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic events. The overall response rate was 100% (complete response, 91%; partial response, 9.0%) with a progression-free survival of 19 months. Conclusions: This outpatient regimen of IV and IP platinum-taxane chemotherapy is well tolerated with acceptable toxicity. Importantly, most patients were able to complete all planned cycles of chemotherapy. These findings suggest that continued investigation of methods to decrease the toxicity of the treatment seen in the Gynecologic Oncology Group Protocol 172 is needed and should be studied in future phase 2 IP chemotherapy trials.
Runoff and soil loss from midwestern and southeastern US silt loam soils as affected by tillage practice and soil organic matter content

Abstract No-till practices generally reduce runoff (RO) and soil loss (SL) by contributing to accumulations of soil organic matter (SOM) in the near-surface zone. This research was conducted to determine the effects of SOM contents on RO and SL from two highly erodible soils using crops that produce a wide range of residue, in the context of long-term tillage studies in widely separated climatic regions. Rainfall simulator plots, measuring 6.1 m ×0.9 m , were imposed on a 9-year-old corn ( Zea mays L.) and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) conservation tillage study at Senatobia, Mississippi, and on a similar 34-year-old corn study at Coshocton, Ohio. All RO was collected from two replications of conventional (CT) and no-till (NT) treatments following application of simulated rainfall at an intensity of 50 mm h −1 for 1 h. Soil samples collected in depth increments of 0–1, 1–3, 3–7.6 and 7.6–15.2 cm were characterized for SOM content, aggregate stability (AS), water dispersible clay (WDC) and particle size distribution. Bulk density (BD) samples were collected in increments of 0–3.8, 3.8–7.6, 7.6–15.2 and 15.2–30.5 cm. Overall, RO from the CT and NT treatments averaged 27.8 and 16.5 mm, respectively. SL loss from the CT treatments averaged 3.9 Mg ha −1 and 0 for the NT. BDs in the surface 3.8 cm averaged 1.34 Mg m −3 for CT and 1.26 Mg m −3 for NT. Correlation coefficients ( r ) for SOM content versus AS, WDC and BD were 0.92, −0.90 and −0.64, respectively. Regression models indicated that BD, as a single-variable, explained 87% of the variability in RO from the NT treatments. BD alone was less effective in accounting for the variability in RO from CT treatments, but contributed to a three-variable model with AS and WDC to produce an R 2 of 0.97. These results indicate that as SOM contents gradually increase in NT treatments, RO decreases due to the development of greater porosity in the near-surface zone attributable to enhanced AS at the soil surface. Thus, surface sealing tendencies are diminished which promotes an increase in infiltration rates.
Factor Replication of the WISC-III in Three Independent Samples of Children Receiving Special Education

This study examined the first-order factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991) on three samples of children previously diagnosed with a handicapping condition. Five alternative factor models were compared through confirmatory factor analysis. Previous factor analytic studies that focused on the WISC-III's four-factor solution employed all 13 subtests in their analyses, despite the fact that only 12 subtests are combined during clinical evaluations to obtain scores on the four factors. This study investigated the WISC-III factor structure by considering the 12 subtests that actually combine to yield index scores on the dimensions of Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Processing Speed, and Freedom from Distractibility. Results support a four-factor solution for children with disabilities.
Personal reflections on the highlights and changes in radiation and radioisotope measurement applications

Abstract This paper describes the recent changes that the authors have perceived in the use of radiation and radioisotope measurement applications. The first change is that due to the increased use of Monte Carlo simulation which has occurred from a normal evolutionary process. This is due in large part to the increased accuracy that is being obtained by the use of detector response functions (DRFs) and the simultaneous increased computational efficiency that has become available with these DRFs, the availability of a greatly improved weight windows variance reduction method, and the availability of inexpensive computer clusters. This first change is a happy one. The other change that is occurring is in response to recent terrorist activities. That change is the replacement or major change in the use of long-lived radioisotopes in radioisotope measurement and other radioisotope source applications. In general this can be done by improving the security of these radioisotope sources or by replacing them altogether by using machine sources of radiation. In either case one would like to preclude altogether or at least minimize the possibility of terrorists being able to obtain radioisotopes and use them for clandestine purposes.
Transport of the IgE Receptor α-Chain Is Controlled by a Multicomponent Intracellular Retention Signal

The human high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) is a central component of the allergic response and is expressed as either a trimeric alphagamma2 or tetrameric alphabetagamma2 complex. It has been previously described that the cytoplasmic domain (CD) of the alpha-chain carries a dilysine motif at positions -3/-7 from the C terminus that functions in intracellular retention prior to assembly with other FcepsilonRI subunits. In this report we have further explored the role of the -3/-7 dilysine signal in controlling steady-state alpha-chain transport by mutational analysis and found little surface expression of a -3/-7 dialanine alpha-chain mutant but significant Golgi localization. We compared the transport properties of a series of alpha-chain cytoplasmic domain truncation mutants and observed that truncation mutants lacking 23 or more C-terminal residues showed a dramatic increase in steady-state transport suggesting a role for the membrane-proximal CD sequence in alpha-chain retention. By performing alanine-scanning mutagenesis we identified a dilysine sequence (Lys(212)-Lys(216)) proximal to the transmembrane domain (TMD) that is important for both alpha-chain cell-surface expression and intracellular stability. Furthermore, co-mutation of the Lys(212)-Lys(216) residues with the -3/-7 dilysine signal produced a dramatic increase in alpha-chain surface expression that was further increased by co-mutation of the lone charged residue (Asp(192)) in the TMD thereby defining three regions that function to regulate alpha-chain transport and in a highly synergistic manner.
Tokunaga and Horton self-similarity for level set trees of Markov chains

Abstract The Horton and Tokunaga branching laws provide a convenient framework for studying self-similarity in random trees. The Horton self-similarity is a weaker property that addresses the principal branching in a tree; it is a counterpart of the power-law size distribution for elements of a branching system. The stronger Tokunaga self-similarity addresses so-called side branching. The Horton and Tokunaga self-similarity have been empirically established in numerous observed and modeled systems, and proven for two paradigmatic models: the critical Galton–Watson branching process with finite progeny and the finite-tree representation of a regular Brownian excursion. This study establishes the Tokunaga and Horton self-similarity for a tree representation of a finite symmetric homogeneous Markov chain. We also extend the concept of Horton and Tokunaga self-similarity to infinite trees and establish self-similarity for an infinite-tree representation of a regular Brownian motion. We conjecture that fractional Brownian motions are also Tokunaga and Horton self-similar, with self-similarity parameters depending on the Hurst exponent.
Class of supersymmetric solitons with naked singularities.

We study vacuum domain walls in a class of four-dimensional [ital N]=1 supergravity theories where along with the matter field, forming the wall, there is more than one dilaton,'' each respecting SU(1,1) symmetry in their subsector. We find [ital supersymmetric] (planar, static) walls, interpolating between a Minkowski vacuum and a new class of supersymmetric vacua which have a naked (planar) singularity. Although such walls correspond to idealized configurations, i.e., they correspond to planar configurations of infinite extent, they provide the first example of supersymmetric classical solitons with naked singularities.
West Andaman Fault determined to be strike slip, not back thrust

Before the devastating tsunami hit Sumatra on 26 December 2004, not much was known about the fault zones located offshore Sumatra in the Indian Ocean. Since then, geologists have set out to study the subduction margin's structure and dynamics for future mitigation of earthquake hazards.
Design and Construction of a Novel Tubular Linear Motor With Controller for Robotics Applications

A design for a novel brushless permanent-magnet tubular linear motor has been developed for use in high-precision robotics applications. In this design, the magnets in the moving part are oriented in a SN-SN—NS-NS fashion which leads to higher magnetic force near the like-pole region. The linear motor is used in conjunction with a position sensor, power amplifiers, and a controller to form a complete solution for precision actuation and control. In its current state, the motor has a rise time of 30 ms, a settling time of 60 ms, and 25% overshoot to a 5-mm step command. The motor has a maximum speed of 1.5 m/s. It has a 10-cm travel range and 26-N maximum pull-out force. The position resolution is better than 20 μm. The compact size of the motor suggests it could be used in robotic configurations requiring moderate force and precision from limited space. The motor could be used in applications such as robotic-gripper positioning or actuation. The moving part of the motor can extend significantly beyond its fixed support base. This reaching ability makes it useful in applications requiring a small, directly-driven actuator, which is required to extend into a spatially constrained environment.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Temperature changes in the rabbit brain during paradoxical sleep.

Abstract To clarify functional and metabolic conditions in the brain during paradoxical sleep as compared with slow wave sleep and alertness, simultaneous recordings were made of brain temperature, cortical and subcortical EEG, and DC potential shifts, together with the local temperatures of such organs as the liver and uterus, and the skin of the neck. Blood flow in the ipsilateral common carotid artery was also measured in five rabbits. The following results were obtained: 1. 1. During paradoxical sleep the temperature of the brain rose very markedly (0.1–0.4°C). The temperature of the cortex was lower than that of the brain-stem but the two regions showed parallel shifts. 2. 2. The elevation of brain temperature associated with an arousal reaction without vigorous body movements was usually considerably less than the elevation during sustained paradoxical sleep. 3. 3. During the slow wave sleep stage the temperature of the brain usually dropped but before the arousal reaction appeared, a gradual temperature elevation was often observed. In some cases the temperature rose slightly even during the slow wave stage of sleep. 4. 4. During paradoxical sleep the temperatures of the neck skin, uterus and liver failed to show elevations parallel with that of the brain temperature. 5. 5. Measurements of blood flow in the common carotid artery revealed that, although there were some phasic increases, no definite increase in average level of blood flow occurred during paradoxical sleep over that of the preceding stage of slow wave sleep. There was no evidence that the elevation in brain temperature during paradoxical sleep was due to warming by increased flow of arterial blood of a higher temperature than that of the brain and it was concluded that the cause of elevation in brain temperature was increased metabolic activity in the forebrain.
Formation of insoluble and colloidally dispersed tannic acid complexes in the midgut fluid of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): An explanation for the failure of tannic acid to cross the peritrophic envelopes of lepidopteran larvae

Magnesium and calcium ions, in concentrations comparable to those reported in the midgut fluids of lepidopteran larvae, bring about the precipitation of most of the tannic acid present in simple solutions buffered at pH 8.0 and 10.0, but not at pH 6.5. In contrast, when tannic acid is added to Manduca sexta midgut fluid, less than 31% of the tannic acid added to the gut fluid is converted to a form that can be centrifuged into a pellet. The rest remains in the supernatant solution in the form of a colloidal suspension. Very little of the tannic acid, if any, remains in true solution. We suggest that the tannic acid-containing phase that is produced when tannic acid is added to midgut fluid is a complex multi-molecular aggregate of indefinite chemical composition, incorporating varying amounts of tannic acid, surface-active phospholipids, proteins, and polyvalent metal ions. On the basis of this study, we further suggest that the failure of tannins to diffuse across the peritrophic envelopes of lepidopteran larvae is a result of the capacity of the peritrophic envelope to act as a physical barrier to insoluble and colloidally dispersed particles, not the presence of substances in the matrix that strongly adsorb polyphenols or the presence of an extensive network of fixed anionic sites in the matrix that acts as an electrostatic barrier to the passage of polyphenolate anions. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 39:109‐ 117, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The association of dermatitis herpetiformis and systemic lupus erythematosus

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an immune-mediated cutaneous disease occasionally associated with celiac disease, but rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The combination of DH and SLE is immunologically mediated and suggests a relationship between the two conditions. We describe a woman with DH and SLE with a novel HLA phenotype.
Mobilization of thorium, radium and radon radionuclides in ground water by successive alpha-recoils

Abstract Alpha-recoil is an important way for the mobilization of α-decay daughters in ground water. The processes of decay and recoil from 238U to 222Rn and from 232Th to 220Rn are successive. The release rates of successive recoils in this study are quantitatively estimated under two extreme conditions: complete absorption; and no adsorption of recoil elements by the porous medium. The recoil probability, recoil embedding and effective surface area are considered during the analysis. The result of this study shows that the recoil supply rates in the porous medium decrease down the decay chains. For the isotopes within the same decay chains, recoil emanation ratios of daugthers to parent are usually greater than 1 under both end-member conditions. This is consistent with the higher daughter to parent ratios observed in the field measurements. It is also found that the emanation ratios of Th, Ra and Rn show little change with the change of porosity in general. Radon emanation is most efficient at 15–20% porosity under the condition of complete adsorption. The calculated radioactivity ratios of daughters to parents from this study can provide a partial explanation for the disequilibrium of radioactivity of daughters relative to parents observed in natural water. Because of the low solubility of thorium, radium and radon, the emanation rates calculated under the condition of complete adsorption are closer to the natural conditions.
VNA Calset Port Augmentation for Impedance Matching Probe Calibration

A method for calibrating an on-wafer VNA measurement system with unequal port impedances determined by impedance matching probes is presented. The method starts with an existing stored calibration set for measurement reference planes at the ends of the coaxial cables. A new calibration set with a probe-tip reference plane is determined through a calibration set augmentation procedure using measured two-port normalized S-parameters of each probe.
A Performance Study for Iterative Stencil Loops on GPUs with Ghost Zone Optimizations

Iterative stencil loops (ISLs) are used in many applications and tiling is a well-known technique to localize their computation. When ISLs are tiled across a parallel architecture, there are usually halo regions that need to be updated and exchanged among different processing elements (PEs). In addition, synchronization is often used to signal the completion of halo exchanges. Both communication and synchronization may incur significant overhead on parallel architectures with shared memory. This is especially true in the case of graphics processors (GPUs), which do not preserve the state of the per-core L1 storage across global synchronizations. To reduce these overheads, ghost zones can be created to replicate stencil operations, reducing communication and synchronization costs at the expense of redundantly computing some values on multiple PEs. However, the selection of the optimal ghost zone size depends on the characteristics of both the architecture and the application, and it has only been studied for message-passing systems in distributed environments. To automate this process on shared memory systems, we establish a performance model using NVIDIA’s Tesla architecture as a case study and propose a framework that uses the performance model to automatically select the ghost zone size that performs best and generate appropriate code. The modeling is validated by four diverse ISL applications, for which the predicted ghost zone configurations are able to achieve a speedup no less than 95% of the optimal speedup.
S255-2: The Formation of a Stellar Cluster

As part of an ongoing study of high-mass star formation regions, we have imaged the S255-2 triple H II region in near-infrared broadband wavelength bands J (1.23 μm), H (1.65 μm), K (2.23 μm), and at 3.3 μm. We have also obtained images in the Brγ and Brα hydrogen recombination lines, in the H2, v = 1 → 0 S(1) line, and in the 3.29 μm dust feature emission band. The region consists of a circular core of stars and young stellar objects, as well as nebulosity, and a more diffuse stellar cluster. The Brackett-line emission from the region is at least a factor of 10 greater than the value estimated from the radio continuum flux density, assuming case B recombination. The strongest Brα line emission object is IRS 1b, which appears to be an ionizing wind source. The central core region contains a narrow band of Brγ and H2 emission that we postulate is an ionized jet. The 3.29 μm and the H2 emission are found in a bubble-like region that overlaps and extends beyond the Brα and Brγ emission into the photodissociation region. S255-2 appears to be a young cluster of stars still in the process of forming.
Geographic information systems as applied to the manipulation of environmental data

As the nationwide and worldwide shortages of natural resources become more apparent, and demand rises, there is little doubt that managers will need to better acquire, organize and manipulate environmental data for decision-making purposes. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computerized system for processing geographic and/or mapped data. In the development of a GIS it is felt that the system should be capable of processing a wide variety of pertinent data including points, maps, lines, and aircraft or satellite derived information. The Remote Sensing and Image Processing Laboratory (RSIP), Louisiana State University, had a basic system for image processing that was expanded to incorporate the needed functions for utilizing GIS oriented capabilities. This paper will focus on two aspects of a GIS; (1) the components of and implementation of a GIS, and (2) the actual demonstration of a GIS in the management of natural resources. Demonstrations related to lignite mining, permit requirements in the coastal zone, and location of potential landfills and hazardous waste sites will be presented.
Neurological and Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Immunological Therapy

Immunological therapy with cytokines can cause acute, subacute, delayed and, occasionally, irreversible toxicity to the CNS. Neurotoxic adverse effects are manifested by changes in cognitive, motor and emotional functioning. Although these changes are sometimes global in nature, most subacute neurotoxic symptoms attributable to interferon-α, interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor are specific to frontal-subcortical dysfunction and involve specific neuroanatomical and neurochemical systems. The symptoms observed typically include memory deficits, difficulties with motivation and flexible thinking (frontal lobe executive function) and motor coordination. Reasoning, language functions and visual perception are generally not affected. Depression and other psychiatric presentations are common and appear to be due to the biochemical changes induced by cytokines rather than psychological reactions to the illness for which the agents are administered. The mechanism of action of cytokines on brain function may include alterations in neurotransmitter function (mostly involving opioid and dopaminergic systems), induction of the release of neuroendocrine hormones and of other cytokines. Improved understanding of the mechanism of cytokine action in the brain is guiding the development of treatment interventions to reduce or eliminate CNS toxicity without sacrificing therapeutic efficacy. In addition, studies of cytokine neurotoxicity have advanced our knowledge of the normal role of these agents in the CNS.
Approximating the EOQ with partial backordering at an exponential or rational rate by a constant or linearly changing rate

Abstract A significant extension of the classic EOQ model is the assumption that realized demand decreases if customers are forced to backorder. To capture the way this decrease depends on the waiting time, different functional forms have been proposed, ranging from the simple (e.g., constant or linear forms) to the complex (e.g., exponential or rational forms.) This paper explores the question of whether the computationally more tractable simple forms can give high quality approximations to the complex ones. We calculated average and worst case performance on a representative suite of test problems, each characterized by a “backorder resistance” parameter. We show that for low values of this parameter, results from the approximating functions are virtually as good as those from the correct ones, and for high values of the parameter, very good results can be achieved by using an iterative technique.
Moving beyond Rules: The Development of a Central Nervous System Multiparameter Optimization (CNS MPO) Approach To Enable Alignment of Druglike Properties

The interplay among commonly used physicochemical properties in drug design was examined and utilized to create a prospective design tool focused on the alignment of key druglike attributes. Using a set of six physicochemical parameters ((a) lipophilicity, calculated partition coefficient (ClogP); (b) calculated distribution coefficient at pH = 7.4 (ClogD); (c) molecular weight (MW); (d) topological polar surface area (TPSA); (e) number of hydrogen bond donors (HBD); (f) most basic center (pKa)), a druglikeness central nervous system multiparameter optimization (CNS MPO) algorithm was built and applied to a set of marketed CNS drugs (N = 119) and Pfizer CNS candidates (N = 108), as well as to a large diversity set of Pfizer proprietary compounds (N = 11 303). The novel CNS MPO algorithm showed that 74% of marketed CNS drugs displayed a high CNS MPO score (MPO desirability score ≥ 4, using a scale of 0−6), in comparison to 60% of the Pfizer CNS candidates. This analysis suggests that this algorithm could p...
The Isotope Shift in Hyperfine Structure

The effect of deviations of the nuclear field from the inverse square law such as are suggested by the theory of radioactive disintegration is calculated. The isotope shift due to a change of the nuclear radius by 1 percent is found to be larger than those observed. The spectrum of T1 appears not to fit any simple modification of the theory. The isotope shifts in Pb I and Pb II can be explained roughly on the supposition that the deviations of the nuclear field from the inverse square law are local but that for the valence electrons these deviations should be taken to be smaller than is usually supposed in the theory of radioactive disintegration.
Ion transport kinetics in plant tissue: complexity of the chloride absorption isotherm.

Abstract We have examined the kinetics of chloride absorption by barley root tissue in experiments similar to those in which we demonstrated the duality of potassium absorption mechanisms in this tissue ( Epstein et al., 1963 , Epstein et al., 1963 ). In those experiments, rates of potassium absorption were found to be a function of the external concentration of KCl in accord with Michaelis-Menten kinetics over a low concentration range, approaching the theoretical maximal velocity at an external concentration of 0.2 mM KCl. At higher concentrations (0.5 to 50 mM), another mechanism of potassium absorption was shown to come into play. In the present experiments, we measured une rate of chloride absorption from solutions of KCl ranging in concentration from 0.005 mM to 50 mM.
Gastric adaptation to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in man.

Adaptation describes the phenomenon in which visible gastric mucosal injury lessens or resolves completely despite continued administration of an injurious substance such as aspirin. Adaptation occurs in man although the mechanism remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests increased cell proliferation and correction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced reduction in gastric blood flow as possibly being important. Gastric erosions and ulcers in chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users represent failed adaptation. Gastric erosions and ulcers in chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users represent failed adaptation. The factors responsible for failure of adaptation are unknown but one clue is that there appears to be a dose-response effect relating anti-inflammatory dose and effectiveness of adaptation (i.e., adaptation is delayed, or less effective, when higher anti-inflammatory doses are administered). Gastric adaptation can be enhanced by co-therapy with synthetic prostaglandins bu...
Conditioned media from cultured cystic fibrosis fibroblasts inhibits Na/K ATPase activity

Abstract Conditioned culture media taken from fibroblast cell lines derived from skin biopsies of control or of patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) were incubated with membranes of rat submandibular glands. The Na/K — ATPase activity of these membranes was inhibited when treated with CF-media, including both ouabain sensitive and insensitive activities. However, the membrane associated Mg-ATPase, Ca-ATPase, and both basal and hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were relatively unaffected. Thus, a factor or factors produced by CF-fibroblasts was shown to be active in a cell-free system derived from an exocrine gland.
A polygon chaining algorithm to simplify area encoding

Abstract Although cumbersome to encode, polygon data structures continue to be a preferred means of storing and manipulating cartographic data in many geographic information systems. The polygon chaining algorithm presented in this paper simplifies polygon encoding by combining many of the strengths of both polygon and topological data structures but few of their attendant weaknesses. The algorithm relies on two sets of data—nts and lines. One polygon reference point is digitized for each polygon to be chained. Lines separating contiguous areas are encoded in any direction and order and may cross other lines. The algorithm inspects these lines for consistency and automatically corrects several common encoding errors. Nodes are then chained around the polygon reference points to form clockwise polygons. After reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of selected data structures, the paper outlines the principal steps in the algorithm and how data is inputted, edited and chained. Discussion then turns to how the algorithm is implemented in a FORTRAN IV program. A sample problem is also presented.
Developmental neuroscience of time and number: implications for autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities

Estimations of time and number share many similarities in both non-humans and man. The primary focus of this review is on the development of time and number sense across infancy and childhood, and neuropsychological findings as they relate to time and number discrimination in infants and adults. Discussion of these findings is couched within a mode-control model of timing and counting which assumes time and number share a common magnitude representation system. A basic sense of time and number likely serves as the foundation for advanced numerical and temporal competence, and aspects of higher cognition—this will be discussed as it relates to typical childhood, and certain developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. Directions for future research in the developmental neuroscience of time and number (NEUTIN) will also be highlighted.
EMPLOYEE SELF-SERVICE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE: A COMPARISON OF PRE-IMPLEMENTATION AND POST-IMPLEMENTATION RELATIONSHIPS

Implementation of employee self-service (ESS) technology presents a variety of challenges for organizations as they strive to maximize return on investment and change management. Using a research framework grounded in the theory of planned behavior, this study examines factors that enhance user acceptance of ESS technology both before and after implementation. Results suggest that employees are more likely to intend to use ESS technology when they have positive attitudes toward using it and when subjective norms in the organization support use of the technology. Perceived organizational support (POS) enhanced the effect of managerial pressure on perceptions of normative beliefs supporting use of the technology post-implementation. Implications of the research and future research directions are discussed.
High-dose narcotic anesthesia using sufentanil in swine for cardiac catheterization and electrophysiologic studies.

A protocol for high-dose narcotic anesthesia using sufentanil by intravenous infusion was developed in swine undergoing cardiac catheterization and intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. In experiments involving cardiac conduction system ablation, nine swine received intramuscular ketamine. 33 mg/kg. and intramuscular acepromazine, 1.1 me&, as premedication. An infusion of sufentanil (IS mcgkgh) was started followed by a loading dose of sufentanil (7 mcg/kg) given as a bolus intravenously. A continuous infusion of sufentanil (15–30 mcg/kg/h) was used for maintenance anesthesia. Since the development of this protocol, we have been able to achieve stable hemodynamics and cardiac rhythms for intracardiac electrophysiologic studies.
Mapping quantitative trait loci in plants: uses and caveats for evolutionary biology

Gregor Mendel was either clever or lucky enough to study traits of simple inheritance in his pea plants; however, many plant characters of interest to modern geneticists are decidedly complex. Understanding the genetic basis of such complex, or quantitative, traits requires a combination of modern molecular genetic techniques and powerful statistical methods. These approaches have begun to give us insight into understanding the evolution of complex traits both in crops and in wild plants.
Spectroscopic Observation of a Precursor Complex to Rh−NCO and Al3+−NCO Formation during CO/NH3 Reactions on Rh/Al2O3

Low-temperature in situ IR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the reaction of CO and NH 3 over Rh/Al 2 O 3 . The presence of a strong vibrational feature at 2076 cm -1 due to linear Rh 0 x -CO is clearly evident at 100 K during coadsorption experiments. However, beginning at 230 K, the formation of isocyanate species was detected on both rhodium and the Al 2 O 3 support by two distinct infrared featrures at 2170 and 2246 cm -1 , respectively. The parallel growth of these v a (NCO) modes is consistent with the gradual decomposition of a new band at 1970 cm -1 , which is assigned to a perturbed v(CO) mode bridge-bonded by NH surface species. This bridge-bound complex Rh-(OC←NH) is considered to form by nucleophilic attack of Rh-NH on the carbonyl C of Rh x 0 (CO) surface species. Upon warming, the decomposition of this complex leads to the formation of rhodium isocyanate (Rh-NCO), and the NCO ultimately migrates to the support.
Lacrosse History, a History of One Sport or Two? A Comparative Analysis of Men's Lacrosse and Women's Lacrosse in the United States

Men's lacrosse and women's lacrosse share a name, but their histories differ. Both sports developed and became organised in close concert with the race, class and gender expectations of the eras. As a result, the sports began with rules that reflected those norms. Over time, the sports developed separately and generated unique forms, even as they sustained moments of interaction. Therefore, men's lacrosse and women's lacrosse are different sports. Using comparisons as the mode through which to view the sports, this article explores the organised beginnings of men's lacrosse and women's lacrosse to establish that the sports began and continued within identity-based norms. Through the discussion of the practical distinctions and critical understandings of the differences between the games, the author poses that these dissimilarities are relevant in considerations of the separate sports as they continue to change in the larger US sporting context. As sports such as basketball demonstrate, these arguments mat...
Magnetic Studies of (TMTTF)2X (X=PF6, ClO4, and Br)*

Abstract We investigated the magnetic properties of the organic spin-chain compounds (TMTTF) 2 PF 6 , (TMTTF) 2 ClO 4 , and (TMTTF) 2 Br in the temperature range 2 K ≤ T ≤ 500 K by electron-spin-resonance measurements. At high temperatures the spin susceptibility of the compounds can be well described by a spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with exchange constants J ≈ 420 K, 430 K and 500 K ( X =PF 6 , ClO 4 , and Br). In (TMTTF) 2 ClO 4 the first-order structural phase transition at t ao = 72.5 K is accompanied by a dimerization of the spin chain with a singlet-triplet gap Δ ≈ 82 K. At t afm = 12 K we find an additional transition to an antiferromagnetic ordered state. (TMTTF) 2 PF 6 undergoes a spia-Peierls transition at t sp = 19 K which can be well described using mean field theory with Δ(0) ≈ 34.5 K. The phase transition in the spin-density-wave state in (TMTTF) 2 Br at t sdw ≈ 13.5 K is accompanied by visible fluctuations.
Phenomenological Theory of High Permittivity in Fine-Grained Barium Titanate

The anomalously high permittivity in fine-grained ceramic barium titanate is explained by the absence of 90° twinning within the grains, giving rise to internal stresses as the ceramic cools below the Curie temperature. Using the Devonshire phenomenological thermodynamic method and a simplified model, the stresses involved are calculated. At these stresses levels, the reduced strain calculated on this model agrees well with X-ray data for the fine-grained material. The limitations and possible developments of the proposed model are discussed.
Regional sources of particulate sulfate, SO2, PM2.5, HCl, and HNO3, in New York, NY

Abstract Simultaneous measurements of gaseous HONO, HNO3, HCl, SO2, and NH3 from July 1999 to June 2000 and fine-fraction particulate (
Studies on the Kinetics of Lipoxidase Inactivation Using Thermal and Ionizing Energya

SUMMARY Lipoxidase demonstrated a typical protein inactivation response to heat as a function of pH when heated at 65°C and 0.1 molar buffer. The enzyme was found to be very sensitive to ionizing energy when irradiated in pH 7 buffer. This sensitivity was shown by a relatively low D, value (9 × 104 rad) and a rapid loss of enzyme activity during post-irradiation storage. The results of combined treatment of the enzyme, in buffer, by heat and radiation showed that treatment order was important. Heating prior to irradiation produced inactivation proportional to the sum of the separate treatments, whereas the reverse order produced inactivation greater than that calculated from the effect of each treatment. This is in agreement with the above, where post-irradiation storage at 0°C may be likened to a mild heat treatment. Addition of 20% pea solids to a. buffered solution of the enzyme afforded a six to ten fold protection with respect to inactivation by heat, and a seventy fold protection against inactivation by ionizing radiation. Combined heat and irradiation treatment of soybean lipoxidase, in the presence of 20% pea solids, showed that, in contrast to the results obtained in buffer, heat prior to irradiation produced greater enzyme inactivation than the reverse order of application of the two types of energy.
Effect of irradiation in HFIR on tensile properties of Cr-Mo steels

Abstract Tensile specimens of tempered martensitic 9Cr-1MoVNb and 12Cr-1MoVW steels with and without additions of 2% Ni were irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at 400 and 600°C to displacement-damage levels of up to 72 dpa. Nickel was added to the steels to produce transmutation helium, and up to 700 appm He was produced in the steels with 2% Ni. Irradiation at 400°C caused an increase in strength and a decrease in ductility, while irradiation at 600°C caused a decrease in strength and an increase in ductility. Results at 400°C were similar to data from previous tests on steel irradiated to ~ 11 dpa (up to 110 appm He), where it was concluded that helium caused a strength increase in addition to the hardening caused by displacement damage alone. The present results indicate that the helium-enhanced strengthening at 400°C saturates with increasing helium concentration, similar to the saturation (at a lower strength level) with displacement-damage dose found in the absence of helium.
Safety in Cyberspace

Abstract Safety in cyberspace continues to be an elusive objective. This essay explores various metaphors to aid thinking about the means by which safety might be increased. Notions such as cyber-fire-departments or cyber-police-departments as well as models drawn from public health scenarios are considered. The legal frameworks in which safety can be improved and international agreements adopted toward this end are briefly discussed. Users can also contribute to their own safety by adopting various practices that reduce vulnerability to cyber-infection and compromise.
The effect of collisions with a background gas on the velocity slip isotope separation process

Abstract In this article we calculate the effect of collisions with a background gas on the velocity distribution of a molecular beam. The results are applied to the velocity slip method of isotope separation to evaluate the degradation in the separation factor caused by collisions with residual gases in the path of the beam.
Enhanced False Discovery Rate using Gaussian Mixture Models for thresholding fMRI statistical maps

A typical fMRI data analysis proceeds via the generalized linear model (GLM) with Gaussian noise using a model based on the experimental paradigm. This analysis ultimately results in the production of z-statistic images corresponding to the contrasts of interest. Thresholding such z-statistic images at uncorrected thresholds suitable for testing activation at a single voxel results in the problem of multiple comparisons. A number of methods which account for the problem of multiple comparisons have been proposed including Gaussian random field theory, mixture modeling and false discovery rate (FDR). The focus of this paper is on the development of a generalized version of FDR (GFDR) in an empirical Bayesian framework, specially adapted for fMRI thresholding, that is more robust to modeling violations as compared to traditional FDR. We show theoretically as well as by simulation that for real fMRI data various factors lead to a mixture of Gaussians (MOG) density for the "null" distribution. Artificial data was used to systematically study the bias of FDR and GFDR under varying intensity of modeling violations, signal to noise ratios and activation fractions for a range of q values. GFDR was able to handle modeling violations and produce good results when FDR failed. Real fMRI data was also used to confirm GFDR capabilities. Our results indicate that it is very important to account for the form and fraction of the "null" hypothesis adaptively from the data in order to obtain valid inference.
Racial experiences influence us as teachers: Implications for gifted education curriculum development and implementation

As African American faculty members, the authors share one narrative from their collective experiences to elucidate how race manifests itself in lived experiences and, thus, curriculum development and implementation. In sharing their experiences and telling this story, the authors make the cogent point that race dces matter (C. West, 1993) in curriculum development and implementation. Because the authors believe that race matters in the curriculum, they challenge gifted education professionals to move beyond colorblindness (D. Y. Ford, J. J. Harris III, C. A. Tyson, & M. Frazier Trotman, 2002; D. Y. Ford, J. L. Moore III, & H. R. Milner, 2004), to think seriously about their own racial experiences, and to think about the racial experiences of their students in developing and implementing curricula. The authors urge and challenge all education professionals to consider how race penetrates the curriculum in a number of ways and what the implications may mean for all students. The authors do not stop at putt...
In Defense of His Guru: Dratsepa's Rebuttal to the Challenges Articulated by the Proponents of the Other-Emptiness Doctrine

The buddha-nature literature has a significant place within the Indian Mahāyāna tradition and Tibetan Buddhism. While it is usually included in the so-called Last Wheel of the Buddha’s teachings, many Tibetan thinkers began to cast doubts about the textual significance of buddha-nature discourse in fourteenth-century Tibet. In this article, I will examine one particular case where there is apparent tension between multiple Tibetan masters over the importance of buddha-nature teachings. This paper primarily analyzes Dratsepa’s commentary to the Ornament (mdzes rgyan) written by his teacher, Buton. Dratsepa construes the Ornament as a work critiquing Dolpopa’s interpretation of the buddha-nature literature. He levels a barrage of criticisms against Dolpopa by referring to Indian śāstras and sūtras that are equally important to both of them, and also by tracing his own assessment of the tathāgata-essence teachings to early Tibetan scholars. In contradistinction to Dolpopa’s claims, Dratsepa offers several nuanced readings of the buddha-nature literature and complicates the notion of what it means to have tathāgata-essence, what a definitive or provisional meaning entails, and the relationship between the Middle Wheel and the Last Wheel teachings. In brief, Dratsepa’s text sheds light on one of the earliest discourses on the tension between self-emptiness and other-emptiness presentations.
Why technology isn't making a difference: coming to terms with ubiquitous learning in high school classrooms

This qualitative study investigated teachers' and students' participation in a 1-to-1 laptop initiative. The study explored how high school teachers' beliefs about technology and education impacted classroom instruction. Findings revealed how teachers' conceptions of English education and their predominantly logocentric view of language reinforced individualized instruction and a transmissive model of education. Findings alert educators to the views and beliefs of technology integration that can undermine collaborative and transformational uses of technology.
World Economic Growth, Systemic Leadership, and Southern Debt Crises:

Conventionally, Southern debt crises are thought to be isolated policy problems that take place from time to time. This article extends the leadership-long cycle approach to international political...
The 1928 Presidential Campaign: Toward a Transatlantic and Institutional Approach to Catholic Histories

The article examines the exchanges between the Vatican Secretary of State and the Vatican’s diplomatic post in Washington, DC, during the time of the presidential election of 1928 to show the different players and roles in the debate about the role of Catholics in American politics. These newly-available documents demonstrate and confirm Peter D’Agostino’s call for the need for a more transnational approach to the history of American Catholicism. The relationship between “American exceptionalism” and American Catholic history needs to be investigated with greater consideration for Roman perspectives and Roman institutional influence on the American Catholic experience. This research highlights, in Robert Orsi’s words, an “ambiguity and ambivalence” of American Catholic identity that has methodological consequences for historians of Catholicism as it takes a global turn.
METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE 3-CHLORO- p-TOLUIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE POISONING IN BIRDS AND THE ESTIMATION OF SECONDARY HAZARDS TO WILDLIFE

Female boat-tailed grackles poisoned with 3-chloro- p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) were analyzed by necropsy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The necropsies identified the presence of a white precipitate in the pericardium, which had been previously reported as a characteristic of CPTH-exposed birds. The GC-MS method, which utilized deuterated CPTH as a surrogate, quantified CPTH residues in the breast tissue and gastrointestinal tract of CPTH-exposed birds. Comparison of these techniques indicated that the GC-MS method was more accurate for assessing CPTH poisoning in birds. Regression analyses of consumption versus residue data indicated that the sum of breast and gastrointestinal residues can be used as an estimator of CPTH exposure. Comparison of CPTH residues in grackles with toxicity data for a variety of scavenger and predator species provided risk quotients of less than 0.1. Analysis of these data suggests that secondary hazards associated with the use of CPTH as an avicide for the control of pest birds are minimal. Keywords—Secondary hazard Mass spectrometry Necropsy DRC-1339 3-Chloro- p-toluidine hydrochloride
The Conjoncture of Ideas and Interests: A Note on Explanations of the French Revolution

This essay argues that Tocqueville's explanation of the French Revolution, the disjuncture between social and political institutions and social realities, lacks an intervening variable providing th...