cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Successful management of Palmaz-Schatz stents deformed by inadvertent angioplasty outside the stents

We describe a case in which balloon angioplasty of thrombosed saphenous vein graft stents resulted in compression and deformation of the stents because of inadvertent passage of the guidewire outside the stents. This condition was diagnosed by intravascular ultrasonography, which was then ultimately utilized to direct and optimize placement of additional stents to exclude the deformed stents from the vessel lumen.
REVERSE-ENGINEERED LAND USE PATTERNS TO MINIMIZE CONGESTION

A neighborhood land use pattern designed to accommodate the most frequently taken nonwork trips within an acceptable distance from home was developed. Instead of starting from a specified set of land uses and studying the travel characteristics, mixed land use patterns that fit the observed trip-making behavior of people were formulated. The result is called a reverse-engineered neighborhood, or REN. The REN was tested against a Euclidean development that had separated land uses. Results show a substantial reduction in nonwork trip lengths (in terms of both travel time and distance) in the REN compared with the Euclidean development. The efficiency of the REN is the result of having more trip destination choices available to residents at acceptable distances. The procedures in the analysis are described and demonstrated, the results of the analysis are presented, and directions for further study are suggested.
Studies of Damage Accumulation in 4H Silicon Carbide by Ion-Channeling Techniques

Single crystal 4H-SiC was irradiated with 2 MeV Au ions at 165 K. Ion-induced defect configurations and damage accumulation were studied by ion-channeling techniques along the , > direction. The damage accumulation can be described by a disorder accumulation model, which indicates that defect-stimulated amorphization is the primary amorphization mechanism in SiC, and the high disorder level for the large off-axis angles is attributed to particular defect configurations. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that most single interstitial configurations are shielded by Si and C atoms on the lattice sites along the direction, which significantly reduces their contribution to the backscattering/reaction yield along the direction.
Serine ethanolamine phosphodiester: A major component in chicken semen

Abstract The phosphodiester, serine ethanolamine phosphodiester, has been found by 31 P NMR to be present in chicken semen and the structure was confirmed by Chromatographie and spectroscopic techniques. The presence of serine ethanolamine phosphodiester in chicken semen completes the analogy between the distribution of this compound in the tissues of the chicken and that of glycerol 3-phosphorylcholine in mammals.
Injecting Value-Thinking into Prioritization Decisions

A proposed approach injects value-thinking into feature prioritization, using story mapping. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/Xm5VqODvVZE is an audio podcast in which author Jane Cleland-Huang provides an audio recording of the Requirements column, in which she discusses an approach that injects value-thinking into feature prioritization by using story mapping.
Learning applications of multi-tasking signal analysis of Fourier transform based on smart mobile devices

This paper presents a viable approach and a new teaching and learning paradigm to enhance the effectiveness of teaching fast Fourier transform [1] and significantly improve the learning outcomes. By using the smart mobile devices, this approach establishes the links among concepts, abstract representations, and realistic applications which are often lacking in traditional instruction. Several mobile apps for real time collection and interactive analysis of the real world objects such as speech signals and images with fast Fourier transform have been developed. These apps penetrate the abstract fast Fourier transform concepts from multiple facets by showing the results obtained in each stage in the fast Fourier transform, the results with different parameter settings, and the comparison of the processing speed between the fast Fourier transform and conventional implementation. These apps enable the students to obtain conceptual understanding through interactive and realistic experiment, guided by mathematical models of the phenomena.
Grid connection considerations for the integration of PV and wind sources

This paper makes suggestions, based on the current grid codes, for different requirements that may be adopted by the transmission system regarding the connection of large wind and photovoltaic power plants to medium and high voltage networks. The main purpose is to present a proposal which harmonizes the requirements for renewable energy sources with electronic interface. Taking into consideration the characteristics of the point of connection, based on the stiffness and other relevant issues as background distortion and hosting capacity, in order to facilitate the integration of RES without compromising the integrity of the transmission and distribution grids.
Innovation, Learning, and Policy Evolution in Hazardous Systems:

This study examines learning processes within the policy networks of organizations and individuals that influence the management of hazardous technological systems. Innovations in science and technology—as well as operational experiences—create recurring opportunities for network members to learn new methods for enhancing the capabilities of system safeguards (defenses against system hazards). Networks can use institutional learning arrangements— structures, procedures, and customs that promote the search for safety improvements—to take advantage of these opportunities. Furthermore, networks can learn from system disasters. Such disasters can both reveal weaknesses in system safeguards and provide the impetus for the deployment of enhanced safeguards. The concepts developed here are examined through a case study of innovative learning arrangements used by a policy network that manages an environmentally hazardous system, the marine oil trade in the Prince William Sound region of Alaska.
Ogbu Revisited: Unpacking High-Achieving African American Girls’ High School Experiences

How African American girls cope and excel amidst the discriminations and inequities they experience within U.S. educational systems has not been widely discussed in the body of research about Afric...
i to I and the eye

Asians with the adult i syndrome have cataracts; Europeans do not. What can be the explanation? Different cells have different metabolic needs; sometimes an enzyme that functions admirably in one cell type might perform optimally in another cell type if its properties were altered. In such
Microstructure-strength relationships of heavily deformed Cu-based composites

The structure of a Cu-20 vol.% Nb in situ composite sheet is characterized by SEN and TEH analyses. The unusually high tensile strengths observed in this material are dependent upon the microstruc­ tures which develop during cold rolling to a true effective strain of 7.9. Nb elongates and becomes ribbon-like during deformation while the Cu matrix undergoes a cycle of deformation-dynamic recovery-recrystallization which allows for the further reduction of the Nb. The dislocation density of the Cu matrix is found to be between 1-2 x 10 0/cm throughout the rolling process. The influence of ion-thinning Cu specimens for TEH analyses was examined and found to increase dis­ location densities of annealed Cu by more than 400% but had a relatively small effect on the dislocation population of heavily worked Cu (+46 X).
A New ENSO Index Derived from Satellite Measurements of Column Ozone

Abstract. Column Ozone measured in tropical latitudes from Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS), Earth Probe TOMS, solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV), and Aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) are used to derive an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index. This index, which covers a time period from 1979 to the present, is defined as the "Ozone ENSO Index" (OEI) and is the first developed from atmospheric trace gas measurements. The OEI is constructed by first averaging monthly mean column ozone over two broad regions in the western and eastern Pacific and then taking their difference. This differencing yields a self-calibrating ENSO index which is independent of individual instrument calibration offsets and drifts in measurements over the long record. The combined Aura OMI and MLS ozone data confirm that zonal variability in total column ozone in the tropics caused by ENSO events lies almost entirely in the troposphere. As a result, the OEI can be derived directly from total column ozone instead of tropospheric column ozone. For clear-sky ozone measurements a +1 K change in Nino 3.4 index corresponds to +2.9 Dobson Unit (DU) change in the OEI, while a +1 hPa change in SOI coincides with a −1.7 DU change in the OEI. For ozone measurements under all cloud conditions these numbers are +2.4 DU and −1.4 DU, respectively. As an ENSO index based upon ozone, it is potentially useful in evaluating climate models predicting long term changes in ozone and other trace gases.
The gas-phase acidities of long chain alcohols

Abstract The gas-phase acidities of the C5-C9 normal alcohols, along with some more highly branched alcohols, have been measured by the equilibrium method in an ICR spectrometer. The acidities obtained for the 1-alkanols are consistently weaker than those obtained by the kinetic method, implying that some effect is altering the structure or dynamics of the transition state in the kinetic method.
Convergence and divergence of cones onto bipolar cells in the central area of cat retina

In the central area of cat retina the cone bipolar cells that innervate sublamina b of the inner plexiform layer comprise five types, four with narrow dendritic fields and one with a wide dendritic field. This was shown in the preceding paper (Cohen & Sterling 1990 a) by reconstruction from electron micrographs of serial sections. Here we show by further analysis of the same material that the coverage factor (dendritic spread x cell density) is about one for each of the narrow-field types (b1, b2, and b4). The same is probably true for the other narrow-field type (b3), but this could not be proved because its dendrites were too fine to trace. The dendrites of types b1, b2, and b4 collect from all the cone pedicles within their reach and do not bypass local pedicles in favour of more distant ones. The dendrites of type b5, the wide-field cell, bypass many pedicles. On average 5.1 +/- 1.0 pedicles coverage on a b1 bipolar cell; 6.0 +/- 1.2 converge on a b2 cell and 5.7 +/- 1.5 converge on a b4 cell. Divergence within a type is minimal: one pedicle contacts only 1.2 b1 cells, 1.0 b2 cells, and 1.0 b4 cells. Divergence across types is broad: each pedicle apparently contacts all four types of the narrow-field bipolar cells that innervate sublamina b. Each pedicle probably also contacts an additional 4-5 types of narrow-field bipolar cell that innervate sublamina a. There are several possible advantages to encoding the cone signal into multiple, parallel, narrow-field pathways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluating Alternate Visualization Techniques for Overview Displays in Process Control

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Three alternate visualization displays, currently being used in industry to represent similar high-level process conditions, were evaluated here regarding their relative effectiveness in terms of operator performance and situation awareness in an industrial control room environment. A “surface chart” visualization outperformed the other two displays (“heat map” and “visual thesaurus”) in detection and response time performance measures, though there were no significant differences in situation awareness. The surface chart visualization presents display designers with a potential improvement over more traditional visualizations that use features that are similar to heat map and visual thesaurus. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Different types of visualizations are currently being used in refinery control rooms across the globe. In these multi-task environments, operators must properly interact with technology to acquire situation awareness so that they can prevent and respond effec...
Labeling bias and attitudes toward behavior modification revisited

Twenty-three years ago, Woolfolk, Woolfolk and Wilson (1977, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 184-191) described a study about labeling bias and attitudes toward behavior modification. When videotaped depictions of behavior modification procedures were described as "humanistic education", college students rated them more favorably than when the same procedures were called "behavior modification". One implication of this study is that behavioral terminology may be perceived as dehumanizing by potential consumers, leading to lower acceptance of the approach regardless of its effectiveness. With lower acceptance comes the risk of under utilization. More than two decades have passed since the Woolfolk et al. study was published so we felt the time was right to repeat the experiment with a new generation of students. In our study, two groups of college undergraduates (N = 144) gave their opinions about a 10 minute videotape that showed a therapist working with an autistic child. The therapist used behavior modification procedures to treat the child, except in one case the procedures were described as "humanistic educative therapy", and in the other as "behavior modification". An appropriate rationale was provided for each of the two conditions. Unlike Woolfolk et al., we found no differences in how the two depictions were evaluated. In both cases, they were perceived favorably regardless of what they were called, as were the personal qualities of the therapist. These results suggest that negative attitudes toward behavior modification have weakened over the last two decades, and there is wider pubic acceptance of behavioral treatments now than there was then. Implications of the study are briefly discussed.
Uptake and Metabolism of 2,2-bis-(p-Chlorophenyl-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) by Marine Phytoplankton and Its Effects on Growth and Chloroplast Electron Transport

The effects of DDT (2,2-bis-( p -chlorophenyl)-1, 1, 1-trichloroethane) on the growth of seven marine phytoplankters, representative of five algal divisions, were studied. At a concentration of 80 parts per billion (0.23 μm) DDT, growth of Dunaliella tertiolecta was unaffected, and there was slight, if any, influence on the development of Cyclotella nana, Thalassiosira fluviatilis, Amphidinium carteri, Coccolithus huxleyi , and Porphyridium sp. Skeletonema costatum exhibited a 9 day lag before cell division commenced, the rate of growth subsequently being the same as in the control (no DDT). A further inoculation of this culture of S. costatum into 80 parts per billion DDT gave another 9-day lag before initiation of normal growth. The ability of marine phytoplankton to metabolize DDT varied. DDE (2,2-bis-( p -chlorophenyl)-1, 1-dichloroethylene) was the only significant hexane-soluble metabolite detected. It occurred in cells of S. costatum, C. nana, T. fluviatilis and D. tertiolecta . Maximum degree of conversion was 7.5% and was based on the total DDT found in the cell-water system of 9-day D. tertiolecta cultures. The total amount of DDT recovered from cultures in 2- to 3-week experiments ranged from 63.5% for T. fluviatilis to 90.7% for S. costatum . The amount of DDT found associated with the cells, collected by centrifugation, in the cell-water system ranged from 70.8 to 99.5%. Chloroplast particles were isolated from a “resistant” species, D. tertiolecta . Noncyclic electron flow, as measured by ferricyanide reduction, was inhibited by DDT and DDE, and could explain growth inhibition in other phytoplankters. Fifty percent inhibition occurred at 20 μm DDT. Sensitivity of phytoplankton to toxic hydrophobic chlorinated hydrocarbons may be dependent upon penetration of the molecules to active sites within membranes.
Gas chromatographic separation of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters on polyvinyl acetate.

POLYESTER-TYPE partitioning media for the separation of mixtures of the methyl esters of long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by gas chromatography have recently been reported1,2,3. Some of these materials tend to ‘bleed’ excessively at the temperatures required for the separation of the fatty acid esters. In addition, polyesters from the same polyglycols and dibasic acids, when prepared in different laboratories, may have dissimilar properties since the average molecular weight, as well as the distribution of molecular weight in the final polymer mixture, is not adequately controlled.
Medication use among black and white caregivers of older male veterans with dementia.

Abstract Background: Few studies have examined racial differences in medication use among informal caregivers of elderly individuals with progressive dementia. It is important to identify racial disparities in medication use so that these differences can be corrected. Objective: The purpose of the current study was (1) to evaluate whether black caregivers were less likely to be taking medication than white caregivers after controlling for specific factors and (2) to examine the relationship between caregiver race and other predisposing, enabling, and need factors, and the use of specific categories of medications. Methods: A secondary analysis of data was conducted from a national survey of 2032 black and white female caregivers of elderly male US veterans with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. Caregiver use of specific medications was classified according to the Veterans Affairs medication classification system. The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use provided a framework for multivariate models predicting racial differences in any medication use and use of specific categories of medications. Results: Black caregivers were significantly less likely to use any medication than white caregivers (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.31-0.57). These differences persisted even after controlling for other predisposing, enabling, and need factors, and for outpatient doctor visits. Black caregivers were significantly less likely than white caregivers to be taking endocrine/ metabolic medications (adjusted OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.42-0.77) and central nervous system medications (adjusted OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39-0.83). Conclusion: The results of this analysis suggest that significant racial differences in medication use exist among informal caregivers providing care for elderly male US veterans with progressive dementia.
On the expressive power of programming languages

The literature on programming languages contains an abundance of informal claims on the relative expressive power of programming languages, but there is no framework for formalizing such statements nor for deriving interesting consequences. As a first step in this direction, we develop a formal notion of expressiveness and investigate its properties. To demonstrate the theory's closeness to published intuitions on expressiveness, we analyze the expressive power of several extensions of functional languages. Based on these results, we believe that our system correctly captures many of the informal ideas on expressiveness, and that it constitutes a good basis for further research in this direction.
The Hypnotic Efficacy of Triazolam

In a double-blind cross-over study, triazolam, a substituted benzodiazepine, was compared to flurazepam and to placebo for their hypnotic activities and side-effects. Twenty adult male patients with histories of insomnia requiring nightly hypnotic medication received placebo, 0.5 mg triazolam, 1.0 mg triazolam, 15 mg flurazepam, or 30 mg flurazepam on five consecutive nights, according to a randomized schedule. As a hypnotic medication, triazolam was found to be thirty to sixty times as potent as flurazepam, on a weight basis. In the therapeutic dosages given, triazolam demonstrated significant activity in prolonging the duration and increasing the depth of sleep, and in reducing the number of times of waking. Patient satisfaction with triazolam was good. The side-effects reported by some subjects were mild and did not interfere with the course of administration. A slightly higher incidence of side-effects was reported following 0.5 mg of triazolam than after 1.0 mg of the drug.
Direct modelling of envelope dynamics in resonant inverters

A direct dynamic modelling approach is proposed for envelope signals in resonant inverters. Through decomposition of the modulated input, the small signal transfer functions for envelope signals are then derived, which link the transfer functions of envelope signals to the transfer functions of the resonant tank and simplify analysis and controller design.
Boundary-Dependent Local Behavior for 2-D Dimer Models

The shape of the boundary of a finite-region of a grid has a strong effect on the local entropy and local statistics (frequencies of local patterns) of a random dimer configuration. For large regions these quantities appear to be locally constant almost everywhere, but for many regions the local statistics are subject to macroscopic variation. The local frequencies associated with individual bonds can be determined in closed form for important special cases, and their large-scale non-constancy is probably related to the existence of a two-parameter family of extremal Gibbs measures for the models in question.
Smac/DIABLO enhances the therapeutic potential of chemotherapeutic drugs and irradiation, and sensitizes TRAIL-resistant breast cancer cells.

Drug resistance is a major concern in cancer therapy. Here, we investigate the clinical potential of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac/DIABLO) in enhancing the apoptosis-inducing potential of commonly used anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, doxorubicin, etoposide, tamoxifen), irradiation and TRAIL in breast carcinoma. Breast cancer cells were overexpressed with Smac/DIABLO gene (full-length or Δ55 Smac/DIABLO) or treated with Smac/DIABLO peptide to enhance the apoptosis-inducing potential of chemotherapeutic drugs and irradiation, and sensitize TRAIL-resistant cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by XTT assay and DAPI staining, respectively. Protein-protein interaction was determined by immunoprecipitation followed by the Western blot analysis. Overexpression of Smac/DIABLO gene (full-length or Δ55 Smac/DIABLO) or treatment with Smac/DIABLO peptide enhances apoptosis induced by paclitaxel, doxorubicin, etoposide, tamoxifen, and irradiation in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of Smac/DIABLO resulted in an increased interaction of Smac/DIABLO with IAPs, which correlated with an increase in caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. Furthermore, Smac/DIABLO sensitized TRAIL-resistant breast cancer cell lines to undergo apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. These data suggest that apoptotic events down-stream of mitochondria were intact in TRAIL-resistant cells since ectopic expression of Smac/DIABLO or pretreatment of cells with Smac/DIABLO peptide completely restored TRAIL sensitivity. The ability of Smac/DIABLO agonists to enhance the apoptosis-inducing potential of chemotherapeutic drugs and irradiation, and sensitize TRAIL-resistant tumor cells suggests that Smac/DIABLO may induce fundamental alterations in cell signaling pathways. Thus, Smac/DIABLO agonists can be used as promising new candidates for cancer treatment by potentiating cytotoxic therapies.
Female Lung Cancer

Female lung cancer death rates increased by more than 550 percent between 1950 and 1991. In 1986 lung cancer surpassed breast cancer to become the leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. The lung cancer epidemic is primarily attributable to cigarette smoking, which is responsible for at least 80% of the disease in women. There are gender differences in the distribution of lung cancer by histologic type, even controlling for smoking, and some data suggest greater female than male susceptibility to lung cancer at a given level of smoking. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases risk of lung cancer in nonsmoking women. Family history of lung cancer, personal history of lung disease (e.g. asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, or tuberculosis), and a history of radiotherapy also appear to be associated with increased risk. Data specific to women on the role of household radon exposures or of specific occupational or environmental exposures are relatively sparse and inconsistent. Finally, many studies have reported a decreased risk of lung cancer in individuals who consume high levels of fruits and vegetables; however, clinical trials fail to support a beneficial effect of beta-carotene supplementation. Since cigarette smoking accounts for the vast majority of lung cancer cases in women, efforts to prevent adolescent girls from starting to smoke and to encourage cessation among established smokers have the greatest potential for reducing the female lung cancer burden.
An Evolutionary Perspective on Humor: Sexual Selection or Interest Indication?

Are people who are funny more attractive? Or does being attractive lead people to be seen as funnier? The answer may depend on the underlying evolutionary function of humor. While humor has been proposed to signal "good genes," the authors propose that humor also functions to indicate interest in social relationships-in initiating new relationships and in monitoring existing ones. Consistent with this interest indicator model, across three studies both sexes were more likely to initiate humor and to respond more positively and consider the other person to be funny when initially attracted to that person. The findings support that humor dynamics--and not just humor displays--influence romantic chemistry for both men and women, suggesting that humor can ultimately function as a strategy to initiate and monitor social relationships.
The Tale of Two Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Renal Cell Carcinoma

In this month’s issue of European Urology, [3_TD$DIFF]Schodel et al [1] review the roles of the transcription factors hypoxiainducible factor (HIF)[4_TD$DIFF] HIF1a and HIF2a in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma. The authors conclude from their reading of literature that HIF1a acts as a tumor suppressor and HIF[1_TD$DIFF]2a as an oncogene. This conclusion will not come as a surprise to many readers of European Urology. There is an attractive harmony to this concept, such that it is sometimes accepted as dogma. However, in science and medicine, where numerous studies using a variety of experimental systems often yield differing results, cancer initiation and progression do not fit into such a neat package. Such is the tale of the involvement of the two transcription factors, HIF[1_TD$DIFF] a and HIF [1_TD$DIFF]2a, in the initiation and progression of renal cancers, and this review by [3_TD$DIFF]Schodel et al [1] does not adequately cover the complexity of their roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis. Both HIF1a and HIF2a normally function in part to transcriptionally activate target genes in response to hypoxic conditions. In the absence of an active von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein, as is common in most clear cell renal cell carcinomas, VHL-associated proteolysis of HIF1a and HIF2a is lost, resulting in constitutively active HIF1a and/or HIF2a independent of the oxygen level; this leads to the expression of several genes, transcriptionally activated by HIFs that are involved in angiogenesis and metabolic processes [2]. To better delineate the role of HIFs in renal cell carcinomas, numerous researchers, using a variety of cell lines and tumor xenografts, have examined the effects of HIF1a and HIF2a. Some studies have shown that HIF1a drives renal cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis (eg, two recent studies by Pawlus et al [3] and Razorenova et al
Partial Orders and Complexity: The Young Diagram Lattice

A partial order of longstanding interest to mathematicians and chemists, the Young Diagram Lattice (YDL) is discussed in the context of complexity. Ruch’s (1975) identification of this partially ordered set with that appropriate to a general partial ordering for mixing is discussed. A mathematical quantity associated with each member of the set (the cardinality of maximal anti-chains for that member) is argued to provide a quantitative measure for complexity for members of the set. The measure has the desirable feature that low complexity is associated with both highly ordered and very random systems, while systems that have intermediate “structure” have larger complexity. Several quantitative examples based on the YDL are briefly discussed including statistical mechanics, diffusion, and biopolymeric complexity. Finally, a metaphor for complexity suggested by the YDL associates high complexity with posetic incomparability. Examples from sociology, ecology, and politics are discussed.
Efficient Simulation of a Random Knockout Tournament

We consider the problem of using simulation to efficiently estimate the win probabilities for participants in a general random knockout tournament. Both of our proposed estimators, one based on the notion of “observed survivals” and the other based on conditional expectation and post-stratification, are highly effective in terms of variance reduction when compared to the raw simulation estimator. For the special case of a classical 2n -player random knockout tournament, where each survivor of the previous round plays in the current round, a second conditional expectation based estimator is introduced. At the end, we compare our proposed simulation estimators based on a numerical example and in terms of both variance reduction and the time to complete the simulation experiment. Based on our empirical study, the method of “observed survivals” is the most efficient method.
Emergency Medicine Resources Within the Clinical Translational Science Institutes: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program aims to strengthen and support translational research by accelerating the process of translating laboratory discoveries into treatments for patients, training a new generation of clinical and translational researchers, and engaging communities in clinical research efforts. Yet, little is known about how emergency care researchers have interacted with and utilized the resources of academic institutions with CTSAs. Objectives The purpose of this survey was to describe how emergency care researchers use local CTSA resources, to ascertain what proportion of CTSA consortium members have active emergency care research (ECR) programs, and to solicit participation in a national CTSA-associated emergency care translational research network. Methods This study was a survey of all emergency departments affiliated with a CTSA. Results Of the 65 CTSA consortium members, three had no ECR program and we obtained responses from 46 of the remaining 62 (74% response rate). The interactions with and resources used by emergency care researchers varied widely. Methodology and biostatistics support was most frequently accessed (77%), followed closely by education and training programs (60%). Several ECR programs (76%) had submitted for funding through CTSAs, with 71% receiving awards. Most CTSA consortium members had an active ECR infrastructure: 21 (46%) had 24/7 availability to recruit and screen for research, and 21 (46%) had less than 24/7 research recruitment. A number of emergency care research programs participated in National Institutes of Health research networks with the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials network most highly represented with 23 (59%) sites. Most ECR programs (96%) were interested in participating in a CTSA-based emergency care translational research network. Conclusions Despite little initial involvement in development of the CTSA program, there has been moderate interaction between CTSAs and emergency care. There is considerable interest in participating in a CTSA consortium-based emergency care translational research network.
José Mariátegui's East-South Decolonial Experiment

Common notions of comparative philosophy tend to be strongly configured by the East-West axis. This essay suggests ways of seeing Latin American liberation philosophy as a form of comparative philosophy and an important Latin American thinker as being relevant for East-West political philosophy. The essay focuses on the Peruvian activist and intellectual, Jose Mariategui, who is widely regarded to have been a leading Marxist, liberatory, and decolonial figure in 20th century Latin America. Like many “Third World” intellectuals of the interwar years, Mariategui had an interest in decolonization struggles in Asia and wrote with some consistency on this subject and in ways that bear significantly upon key themes in his political theory. Since very little of this has received commentary, this essay begins a discussion of Mariategui's decolonial experimentation with ideas about Asia, decolonization, and indigenous cultural forms, like those of the Incas and Confucians. After some preliminary discussion of Euro...
BMP type I receptor ALK2 is required for angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the identity of the BMP type I receptor involved in cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. By using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting, we demonstrated that BMP signaling increased during phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs), as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of Smads 1 and 5 and induction of Id1 gene expression. Inhibition of BMP signaling with LDN193189 or noggin, and silencing of Smad 1 or 4 using small interfering RNA diminished the ability of phenylephrine to induce hypertrophy in NRCs. Conversely, activation of BMP signaling with BMP2 or BMP4 induced hypertrophy in NRCs. Luciferase reporter assay further showed that BMP2 or BMP4 treatment of NRCs repressed atrogin-1 gene expression concomitant with an increase in calcineurin protein levels and enhanced activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells, providing a mechanism by which BMP signaling contributes to cardiac hypertrophy. In a model of cardiac hypertrophy, C57BL/6 mice treated with angiotensin II (A2) had increased BMP signaling in the left ventricle. Treatment with LDN193189 attenuated A2-induced cardiac hypertrophy and collagen deposition in left ventricles. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of BMP type I receptor ALK2 (activin-like kinase 2), but not ALK1 or ALK3, inhibited BMP signaling and mitigated A2-induced cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular fibrosis in mice. The results suggest that BMP signaling upregulates the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell pathway via BMP type I receptor ALK2, contributing to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Motion Data-Driven Unsafe Pose Identification through Biomechanical Analysis

About 33% of non-fatal occupational injuries and illness are due to workrelated musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), which had the highest percentage of injuries or illnesses in construction in 2009. Though techniques previously used to prevent WMSDs (e.g., ergonomic rules, checklists based on surveys, and laboratory experiments) provide valuable insights into the prevention of WMSDs, these techniques may not be suitable for measuring the physical demands required for manual ongoing works under real conditions. In an effort to address this issue, we propose a motion capture approach to obtaining a worker’s posture information for measuring physical loads on body parts (e.g., shoulder, back). The human postures extracted by motion capture are expressed by rotation angles between body joints, and these angles are then converted to joint angles, which are the inputs for biomechanical analysis. The resulting information contains the internal forces of body parts (e.g., hands and feet), and is capable of identifying allowable strength ranges, thereby helping determine overexertion and awkward postures during a task. As a test case, motion data for ladder climbing is obtained using a motion capture system (e.g., Microsoft Kinect) in a laboratory, and the postures are biomechanically analyzed frame by frame. The results show that the proposed method performs well at computing the physical loads, which promises its great potential to understand the causes of WMSDs during ongoing manual construction work. Further, it can automatically predict potentially hazardous postures on certain body parts, which has otherwise only been achieved by tedious and time-consuming manual investigation.
Metabolism of Cortisol by Loose Connective Tissue in vitro.

SummaryAction of the loose connective tissue (90% of cells are fibroblasts) on Cortisol was investigated. Data are presented on the isolation and identification of 5 of the 7 metabolites observed when cortisol-4-C14 was incubated with mouse (AK) loose connective tissue. The identified metabolites are: 20-epi substance E of Reichstein; cortisone; dihydro-cortisol; corticosterone; and 4-androstene, 11-beta-ol, 3, 17-dione. The relationship of this metabolic picture to the fibroblastic role on the anti-inflammatory action of Cortisol is discussed.
Thiol-Yne Adsorbates for Stable, Low-Density, Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold

We present a novel approach toward carboxylate-terminated, low-density monolayers on gold, which provides exceptional adsorbate stability and conformational freedom of interfacial functional groups. Adsorbates are synthesized through the thiol-yne addition of two thiol-containing head groups to an alkyne-containing tail group. The resulting monolayers have two distinct phases: a highly crystalline head phase adjacent to the gold substrate, and a reduced density tail phase, which is in contact with the environment. The ellipsometric thickness of 27 A is consistent with the proposed structure, where a densely packed decanedithiol monolayer is capped with an 11 carbon long, second layer at 50% lateral chain density. The Fourier transform infrared peak at 1710 cm–1 supports the presence of the carbonyl group. Further, the peaks associated with asymmetric and symmetric methylene stretching are shifted toward higher wavenumbers compared to those of well-packed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which shows a low...
Nuclear Receptor SHP Reduces Proinflammatory Macrophage Polarization in High Fat-cholesterol-fructose Diet Induced Mouse Model of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis

ObjectiveThe incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a major health concern in the United States. The mechanisms for progression from simple steatosis to more aggr...
The Representational Sources of Inequality and the Founding Nature of Representation in America

How has political equality changed over time and what can this tell us about the pervasiveness of political inequality in American society? This paper explores the extent to which the ‘founding nature of representation’ influenced major historical events and trends in which political equality was either expanded or curbed in the U.S. The ‘founding nature of representation’ can be characterized by a hierarchical view of society as well as opposition to democratic expansion and large-scale change. By employing Dahl’s (2006) definition of political equality, a historical analysis allows for a clear picture of the pervasiveness of political inequality in the United States, both past and present.
A Human Factors Perspective on Ethical Concerns of Vehicle Automation

This paper presents a knowledge synthesis of ethical questions for the application of rational ethics theories to human factors in vehicle automation. First, a brief summary of ethical concerns rel...
Murder she searched: the effect of violent crime and news coverage on residents' information needs

This study examines local web search data as a window into residents’ information needs surrounding the issue of urban crime. Media system dependency theory is used to explain the dynamic, interdependent relationships between changes in the local crime rate (i.e., the social system), news coverage of crime (i.e., the media system), and residents’ (i.e., the audience’s) online searches for crime-related information. It was hypothesized that crime rates and news coverage of crime would increase residents’ information needs, motivating residents to go online to search for crime-related information to cope with an increased sense of uncertainty. The responsiveness of local newspapers to residents’ dynamic information needs was also evaluated. In an initial study in Minneapolis, Minnesota, violent crime and newspaper coverage of crime did predict online searches for crime-related information. But news coverage did not predict searches for crime-related information in a follow-up study in St. Louis, Missouri. C...
What Came Before, What Comes After Normal? Some Humanist and Postmodern Antihumanist Thoughts on the Concept of Normalcy

From Aristotle through Augustine to the present day, ideas concerning what is natural, normal, and universal remain entangled with each other as well as with the concepts of the unnatural, monstrous, and particular. Philosophy wrestles with various systems of organization in the attempt to master knowledge of human life in all of its variations. While antihumanist thought, particularly the work of Georges Canguilhem and Michel Foucault, offers crucial criticism of post-Enlightenment rational humanism’s construction of normalcy, a dialogue with early modern humanism, and the work of Michel de Montaigne in particular, reveals that alternatives to this normalizing view of humanity existed before antihumanism.
An Enhanced, in Vivo Assay for DNA Mismatch Repair Reveals Different Repair Mechanisms of Lagging Strand Mismatches

In E. coli, a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway corrects errors that occur during replication, such as the mis-pairing of nucleotides, by coordinating the excision and re-synthesis of a long tract of DNA between an epigenetic signal on the newly-replicated strand and the replication error after the error is identified by protein MutS. Recent evidence is suggestive that this “long-patch repair” between these sites is coordinated in the same direction of replication by the replisome. Using a novel replication-coupled assay to quantify the nucleotide-dependence, strand-dependence, and directionality of MMR on genomic mismatches in vivo, we find that repair of lagging strand mismatches occurs bidirectionally, and that directional bias in the origin of strand excision and effect of mutations to the MMR proteins is dependent on the molecular species of the mismatch.
Flow of Carbon Nanotubes under pressure driven conditions through microchannels

In this work, the flow characteristics of suspensions of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) concentrations have been flown through microchannels under a pressure gradient. The suspensions of CNTs were made using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) as a surfactant. Flow rate of wax intercalated Carbon Nanotubes were also investigated, which will be extended for studying heat transfer characteristics of these nanoencapsulated Phase Change materials (PCMs) under a constant heat flux at the walls of the microchannel.
A Comment on the Role of Prices for Excludable Public Goods (with Jongsang Park).

Blomquist and Christensen [(2005). The role of prices for excludable public goods, International Tax and Public Finance, 12, 61–79] argue that welfare is initially decreasing in the price of an excludable public good and that the case for a positive price for an excludable public good price is weak. We argue that this result follows from their particular characterization of the public good and that an alternative and equally reasonable characterization overturns their result. Hence, the policy case for a positive price on the public good is stronger than Blomquist and Christiansen suggest.
Bridging the Charter School Accountability Divide: Defining a Role for Nonprofit Charter School Boards:

In this article, we use originally collected survey data to determine how nonprofit charter school board members in the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota define accountability. We find t...
DNA AND NUCLEOPROTEIN DETERMINANTS FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS SERA

Studies of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and nucleoprotein determinants for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera have had a two-fold objective. One goal has been to learn what structures act as immunizing agents in this disease, and the second, to characterize sera for use as immunochemical reagents in studies of DNA and nucleoprotein structure. The determinants have been explored mainly by: (1) comparisons of direct complement (C′)-fixation reactivity of native and denatured DNA, of nucleoprotein, and of artificial DNA-histone complexes; and (2) inhibition of C′-fixation by fragments of the antigens.
Model Building as a Platform to Support Thinking in Problem Solving

Problem solving not only plays a central role in education [19] but is also the most important cognitive process in our everyday life. The authors of this paper argue that problem solving must be embedded in authentic learning contexts and supported by activities that seek to enable problem solvers to externalize their mental model in the most meaningful and engaging manner that will eventually lead them to the construction of a more sophisticated conceptual framework. One such way is through system dynamics modeling activities. To provide a sound argument for the use of system dynamics models in learning, we present three models that support thinking in problem solving.
A bifactor model of meanness, coldheartedness, callousness, and sadism

Abstract Although callous/unemotional or mean psychopathic traits overlap with sadism, there may be specific aspects differentiating sadism from this component of psychopathy. The factor structure of eight scales that assess sadism or the meanness component of psychopathy was examined using confirmatory factor analysis in two independent samples: an Amazon MTurk sample (n = 338) and an undergraduate sample (n = 626). Compared to single-factor and two-factor models, a bifactor model that includes a general Antagonistic factor and specific Sadism factor best fit the data for both samples. The results suggest that, although mean or callous/unemotional psychopathic traits and sadism share commonality, sadism is characterized by unique features. Specifically, measures of sadism assess the tendency to derive pleasure from the suffering of others, a feature not covered by most psychopathy measures. These findings suggest that although people high in sadism are likely to be callous/unemotional, callous/unemotional people may not be sadistic.