cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal translocations in sarcomas: prospects for therapy

In the past two decades, cytogenetic and molecular genetic investigations have revealed that sarcomas are frequently characterized by specific chromosomal translocations, often involving genes encoding transcription factors. These translocations result in the expression of chimeric oncoproteins that contain functional domains contributed by each of the parental genes. Functioning as deregulated transcription and signaling factors, these novel proteins contribute to the malignant phenotype of the tumor cell by disrupting the tightly regulated process of target gene expression. Several therapeutic strategies that exploit the tumor-specific nature of these oncogenes are currently being investigated. These targeted approaches seek to manipulate the specific biology of these gene fusions, and along with more traditional therapeutic modalities, could augment current approaches to cancer management.
The impact of parenting on the associations between child aggression subtypes and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms.

The current study evaluated parenting behaviors (i.e., parental monitoring, inconsistent discipline, parental involvement, positive parenting, and corporal punishment) as moderators of the link between proactive and reactive aggression and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in a community sample of 89 children ranging from 9 to 12 years of age (M = 10.44, SD = 1.14; 56 % male). Reactive, but not proactive, aggression was uniquely positively associated with ODD symptoms. Additionally, inconsistent discipline moderated the association between proactive, but not reactive, aggression and ODD symptoms, such that proactive aggression was associated with ODD symptoms only when levels of inconsistent discipline were high. Findings appear to suggest that associations between these aggression subtypes and ODD symptoms are influenced by different factors, with inconsistent discipline indicated in the association between proactively aggressive behavior and ODD symptoms. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Programmed death 1 is expressed in cutaneous infiltrates of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Expression of PD-1 (receptor Programmed Death 1, CD279) in some peripheral T-cell lymphomas has recently been demonstrated. Because antibody-based therapies have improved outcomes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and antibodies targeting PD-1 are in clinical development, expression of this molecule in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may be of therapeutic interest. There are no studies to date specifically addressing the frequency and extent of PD-1 expression in mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome. We thus characterized PD-1 expression in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome by immunohistochemistry on lesion skin biopsies and by flow cytometry on peripheral blood tumor cells. Fifteen of 30 cases of mycosis fungoides and 8 of 11 cases of Sezary syndrome were positive for PD-1 by immunohistochemistry. Circulating tumor cells from five of the immunohistochemistry-positive cases of Sezary syndrome were evaluated by flow cytometry and also found to be positive. These data indicate that a substantial proportion of patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome are positive for PD-1. This result warrants further investigation of PD-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
RF/wireless engineering - a core discipline for the mobile internet

RF and Wireless engineering has roots which date back to the early 20th century. Since those early years, wireless engineering has come a long way. Most of the basic principles of the sophisticated radio architecture, as we see it today, were developed using vacuum tubes around 1930. Starting with the basic foundation provided by Maxwell (1883), and with subsequent inventions in wave propagation and wireless telegraphy by Hertz, Marconi, and others, wireless technology was born around 1900 in a very primitive form. Demonstration of a superheterodyne receiver by Armstrong dates back to as early as 1924. A major milestone was set by the invention of the transistor by Bardeen, Brattain, and Schockley in 1948, which changed the world of vacuum tubes.
Abstract 5588: Szygium aromaticum (clove): A novel natural breast cancer inhibitor

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The dried flower buds of clove (Syzygium aromaticum syn Eugenia aromaticum or caryophyllata) belonging to family Myrtaceae are used as a spice worldwide. Clove has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial, anti-viral, anesthetic, insecticidal, anti-convulsant, anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activities. Eugenol, an active component of essential oil isolated from clove has anti-mutagenic, anti-genotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. It also restricts DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. Aqueous extract of clove was effective in reducing the incidence of hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ in benzo[a]pyrene induced lung carcinoma in mice. However, there are no reports on the effects of clove on human cancers. In this study we have analyzed the inhibitory effects of the aqueous extract of clove (CAE) on breast cancer using in vitro studies like cell growth, cell migration, three-dimensional capillary tube formation / morphogenesis and apoptosis; and in vivo studies like breast tumor growth in nude mice. Our results indicate that CAE inhibited the growth and proliferation of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF10ADCIS.com, and MCF10AEIII 8 cells in a dose dependent manner. In addition, it also reduced cell migration towards Matrigel. CAE also inhibited the enzymatic activity of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which was analyzed by using two substrates, namely galectin-3 and a fluorescence-quenched substrate MOCAcPLGLA2pr(Dnp)AR-NH2. Cell cycle analysis of MCF10ADCIS.com cells using flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) staining indicated an arrest mainly in S-phase. We also observed an inhibition of DNA synthesis in CAE-treated MCF10ADCIS.com cells by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), caspase-3 and caspase-8 remained unchanged after CAE treatment, but CDK2, CDK4, cyclin A and cyclin D2 were down-regulated in treated cells indicating that CAE might affect tumor growth by inducing cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis. There was a 50% reduction in tumor volume in nude mice injected with MCF10ADCIS.com cells that received CAE extract in their drinking water compared to the control mice. The expression of proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and tumor progression markers (PCNA, TUNEL, p63, CD31, smooth muscle actin, collagen IV, MMP-2 are being investigated in the xenografts. The results suggest that CAE may be explored further as a novel inhibitor of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5588. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5588
Emergence of a New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase (NDM-1)-Encoding Gene in Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Companion Animals in the United States

The rapid spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli in companion animals (1-2) has increased concern among veterinarians9 to find an alternative therapy to treat clinical infections caused by these resistant organisms.…
The Relationship of Grip Strength to Stature, Somatotype Components, and Anthropometric Measurements of the Hand

(1952). The Relationship of Grip Strength to Stature, Somatotype Components, and Anthropometric Measurements of the Hand. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 161-166.
Distinct function of the head region of human pancreas in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

The large size of the human pancreas challenges unbiased quantitative analyses that require a practical stereological approach. While many histological studies of the pancreas in the past lacked regional information, we have shown marked heterogeneity within an individual, where islet distribution/density is relatively low in the head and gradually increases through the body toward the tail region by > 2-fold.1, 2 Studies focusing on the tail region may be prone to overestimation of β-cell/islet mass when normalizing measured values per person by using pancreas weight or volume. In this article, beyond technical issues, we discuss the pathophysiological importance of studying the head region of the human pancreas regarding its unique characteristics in early development, and the anatomical disposition that may lead to a preferential loss of β-cells in patients with type 2 diabetes and the development of pancreatic cancer.
Structural elucidation of the binding and inhibitory properties of lanthanide (III) ions at the 3'-5' exonucleolytic active site of the Klenow fragment.

Abstract Background: Biochemical and biophysical experiments have shown that two catalytically essential divalent metal ions (termed ‘A' and ‘B') bind to the 3'-5' exonuclease active site of the Klenow fragment (KF) of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. X-ray crystallographic studies have established the normal positions in the KF 3'-5' exonuclease (KF exo) active site of the two cations and the single-stranded DNA substrate. Lanthanide (III) luminescence studies have demonstrated, however, that only a single europium (III) ion (Eu 3+ ) binds to the KF exo active site. Furthermore, Eu 3+ does not support catalysis by KF exo or several other two-metal-ion phosphoryl-transfer enzymes. Results: A crystal structure of KF complexed with both Eu 3+ and substrate single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide shows that a lone Eu 3+ is bound near to metal-ion site A. Comparison of this structure to a relevant native structure reveals that the bound Eu 3+ causes a number of changes to the KF exo active site. The scissile phosphate of the substrate is displaced from its normal position by about 1 A when Eu 3+ is bound and the presence of Eu 3+ in the active site precludes the binding of the essential metal ion B. Conclusions: The substantial, lanthanide-induced differences in metal-ion and substrate binding to KF exo account for the inhibition of this enzyme by Eu 3+ . These changes also explain the inability of KF exo to bind more than one cation in the presence of lanthanides. The mechanistic similarity between KF exo and other two-metal-ion phosphoryl-transfer enzymes suggests that the principles of lanthanide (III) ion binding and inhibition ascertained from this study will probably apply to most members of this class of enzymes.
Development of an automated region of interest selection method for 3D surface monitoring of head motion.

Purpose: To simplify the often complex and user-dependent manual region of interest (ROI) selection process for head motion monitoring, an automatic ROI selection method was developed. Methods: The automatic ROI selection algorithm calculated the displacements and velocities of 3D surface points between a temporally correlated 3D image series and a reference image. Only facial surfaces satisfying certain spatial and temporal criteria were selected. The algorithm was tested on five healthy volunteers instructed to perform different types of facial movements for a total of 27 real-time image sets (40–120 images for each image set). Results: The algorithm detected and excluded surface areas affected by different types of local facial movements that were independent of actual net head motion. Eye, eyebrow, and mandible motion were most commonly detected as being independent of head motion and were excluded from the final ROI. For 3D images taken with substantial facial or whole head motion, either most of the facial area was excluded or only small areas with random patterns were included in the final ROI. Surfaceimage registration using iterative closest point (ICP) methods showed more stable real-time head tracking using the automatically selected ROI than manual user defined ROIs. Conclusions: The automatic selection method successfully found ROIs stable over time for tracking head motion by excluding locally varying facial motions. By automating the ROI selection process, it is feasible that the time and complexity of current ROI definition can be reduced, together with user-dependent registration errors.
Test and Theory for Piezoelectric Actuator-Active Vibration Control of Rotating Machinery

The application of piezoelectric actuators for active vibration control (AVC) of rotating machinery is examined. Theory is derived and the resulting predictions are shown to agree closely with results of tests performed on an air turbine driven-overhung rotor. The test results show significant reduction in unbalance, transient and sub-synchronous responses. Results from a 30-hour endurance test support the AVD system reliability. Various aspects of the electro-mechanical stability of the control system are also discussed and illustrated. Finally, application of the AVC system to an actual jet engine is discussed.
Initial Paco 2 Values at One Hour in Very Low-Birthweight Infants(VLBW)< 1000g and Oxygen Requirement at 28 days: Are Delivery Room Events Important? † 1122

Recent observational studies suggest a relationship between low Paco2 values in the mechanically ventilated VLBW infants and neonatal morbidity, i.e., chronic lung disease. Permissive hypercapnia has been advocated as one approach to minimize such lung injury. However, the time of initiating such a strategy and factor (s) that influence postnatal Paco2 values are not well characterized. The study objective was to determine the effect of delivery room resuscitation on early Paco2 levels and the relation to O2 requirement at 28 days in VLBW infants 40 (n=42, 43%) (m=46.8±6.3mmHg), ≥45(n=23, 24%) (m=50.6±6.4mmHg). 19 patients (20%) had Paco2 0.05) respectively. The lowest Paco2 values were following abruption(m=23±7mmHg) and multiple gestation (m=32±12mmHg). Of infants with Paco2<35mmHg at one hour, 25/33 (76%) vs 10/23 (44%) of infants with Paco2≥45 group required O2 at 28 days(p<0.03). At 3 hours of age 16/19 (84%) infants with Paco2<35mmHg vs 14/27 (52%) with Paco2≥45mmHg required O2 at 28 days(p<0.01). These data indicate that approximately one-third of VLBW have low Paco2 values upon NICU admission. Infants with a low Paco2 within the first hour of life are more likely to require O2 at 28 days compared to infants with relatively higher initial Paco2 values. Delivery room resuscitative events likely contribute to the low Paco2, although the specific mechanism (s) are not clear from this observational study. Any strategy designed to promote permissive hypercapnia should include optimizing delivery room resuscitation.
The absorption of oxygen by dilute polymeric solutions Molecular diffusivity measurements

A laminar jet instrument was used to measure the molecular diffusivities of oxygen with 0·995 partial pressure into distilled water and aqueous solutions of eight long chained polymers. Molecular diffusivity of oxygen into distilled water was found to be 1·95 × 10−5, at 20°C, which compares favorably with those reported in the literature. For polymeric solutions, it was found that the diffusivities are a function of concentration and type of polymer used. For one polymer, ET 597 at 1000 mg/l the diffusivity was found to increase considerably as compared with distilled water (DET-597/ Dwater = 2·46).
Raising an isolated low HDL-C level: why, how, and when?

Treating patients with isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) remains daunting. The decision to treat depends on the individual patient's overall risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Strategies for raising HDL-C levels can include various lifestyle and drug therapies, which should be tailored to individual patients. While no current therapy is optimal, many can yield modest increases that translate into reduced risk for CHD events. KEY POINTS Low HDL-C is the most common lipoprotein abnormality in patients with CHD and is predictive of CHD events, even when total cholesterol levels are normal. Among lifestyle interventions for raising HDL-C levels, aerobic exercise is probably the most important. Weight loss is valuable but is often inadequate. Moderate daily alcohol consumption raises HDL-C levels by 5% to 10%. Statins, niacin, and fibrates are the mainstays of drug therapy for raising HDL-C levels. Niacin has the greatest potency but is less well tolerated than the other agents. Clinical trials of lipid-lowering drugs show that modest (5% to 10%) increases in HDL-C levels can significantly reduce CHD event rates.
Tunnel quantum well-on-dots InGaAs-InAs high-gain medium for laser diodes

Structures of tunnel coupled pairs consisting of InGaAs quantum wells grown on top of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QW-on-QDs) were employed to improve the gain medium in laser diodes. Photoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy and electroluminescence were used to study the properties of multiple-layer QW-on-QDs active medium. QW-on-QDs tunnel structures with 4.5 nm tunnel barrier thickness and with different ground state (GS) relative separations were grown by variation of InGaAs QW while the QD growth process was kept constant. We have developed a tunnel QW-on-QDs structure with a resonance transition which is red-shifted ~35 meV relative to QW GS. This transition with narrow linewidth, 21.6 meV at T=77K, likely indicates an efficient LO-phonon assisted tunneling of carriers from QW into QD ensemble states. The highest gain was achieved with a QW-on-QDs active medium with GS relative separation of close to 35-40 meV. Optimized triple-pair tunnel QW-on-QDs laser diodes with cleaved mirrors emitting at 1145 nm (corresponding to QD GS) exhibited a saturated modal gain exceeding 80 cm -1 with minimum cavity length of 0.14 mm. Small signal modulation characteristics of these lasers were measured. From the damping factor and resonance frequency dependence on driving current, the damping-limited cut-off frequency for this QW-on-QDs medium can be estimated as exceeding 30 GHz. All-epitaxial vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with triple-pair tunnel QW-on-QDs as active medium demonstrated continuous wave mode lasing with 5.7 mA minimum threshold current at QD GS emission wavelength, 1131 nm.
The arc-flash hazards of fire pumps: redesigning protection schemes for electrical installations

In recent years, engineers have been redesigning the protection schemes for electrical installations to reduce the arc-flash hazard associated with switching and maintaining equipment. For electrical fire pumps, however, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, prescribes very strict requirements for reliability of the power feed and overcurrent protection for an electric fire pump. The result is that current is allowed to flow for a longer time period to ensure that a fire pump may start without nuisance tripping. These requirements are made without consideration for the associated arc-flash hazard. They do not acknowledge that a redundant fire-pump installation can provide equal or greater system reliability, plus greater operator safety, than is possible with a potentially hazardous reliable power feed to a single fire pump. This article will summarize reliability requirements currently mandated for electric fire pumps, discuss the arc-flash impact of those requirements, and propose language that could be incorporated in future code revisions to reduce safety hazards while preserving operating reliability of system installations.
Current Issues in the Field of Special Education

(1980). Current Issues in the Field of Special Education. The Review of Education: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 379-394.
The effect of alterations in arousal of the central nervous system upon cardiovascular response to intravenous epinephrine.

Abstract Recent observations have demonstrated that the changes in cardiovascular function which accompany experimentally induced alterations in affect are similar to those which follow the infusion of epinephrine. It is notable that epinephrine produces an anxiety sate comparable to that experienced by the individual subjected to experimental stress 1 . These observations suggested a further study of the relationship between activity of the central nervous system and cardiovascular function mediated by epinephrine. It is the specific purpose of this study to examine the effect of alteration in the status of arousal of the central nervous system upon the cardiovascular response to epinephrine.
An Analysis of Home Equity Conversion in the RAM Program

Home equity conversion by elderly homeowners is described and analyzed. The transactions were completed under the California RAM Program. One hundred twenty-six of 345 applicants elected to enter into reverse mortgages or sale-leasebacks. Data from interviews conducted as part of the application/counseling process are analyzed to discern the most important variables in the equity conversion decision.
A projection of socio‐linguistics: The relationship of speech to social status

(1952). A projection of socio‐linguistics: The relationship of speech to social status. The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 28-37.
Dedication of special issue of JBHS&R in memory of Douglas Longshore.

This special issue is dedicated to the memory of Douglas Longshore, who was affiliated with the UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs and RAND. The special issue reflects Longshore’s research legacy in the areas of addiction and health services research and his many productive collaborations with other investigators.
Variational structures for Hamel's equations and stabilization

Abstract Hamel's equations are an analogue of the Euler–Lagrange equations of Lagrangian mechanics when the velocity is measured relative to a frame which is not related to system's local configuration coordinates. The use of this formalism often leads to a simpler representation of dynamics but introduces additional terms in the equations of motion. The paper elucidates the variational nature of Hamel's equations and discusses their utility in control and stabilization. The latter is illustrated with the problem of stabilization of a falling disk.
Christine De Pizan, France's Memorialist Persona, Performance, Memory

This study deals with the ways that Christine de Pizan (c. 1365-1430) transformed her personal memories of King Charles V into an enduring form of national memory by allying her 1404 biography of Charles with official French history. To legitimize her role as royal biographer, Christine created a double-gendered persona evocative of Mary and Christ and Mary and David. Her persona allowed her (1) to ‘give birth’ metaphorically to the idea of a ‘wise king’ capable of guiding the nascent ‘nation’ of France mentioned in the official history, and (2) to unite symbolically the kingdom’s male and female subjects behind present and future monarchs. Pierre Nora, Mary Carruthers, Aleida Assmann and Susan Crane provide conceptual models that enable me to connect ideas of nationhood, memory and performance. I conclude that Christine became a link between individual and national memory, thus exemplifying Nora’s idea of the historian as living lieu de memoire.
The effect of inhibitors on the efflux of betacyanin and aerobic respiration in red beet tissue

The effects of various concentrations of cyanide, azide, and 2,4-dinitrophenol on O2 consumption and efflux of betacyanin from red beet disks were determined over a 4 hour test period. During the first hour the inhibitors produced only slight increases in betacyanin efflux, irrespective of inhibitor concentration and rate of O2 consumption. At incubation periods longer than 1 hour it was suggestive that higher inhibitor concentrations caused a larger efflux of betacyanin than the same inhibitor at a lower concentration. However, inhibitor comparison studies showed no direct relationship between aerobic respiration and efflux of betacyanin. It is suggested that the increase in the efflux of betacyanin and the decrease in respiration are two independent processes and it appears that cellular metabolism may not be directly involved in the maintenance of membrane integrity, however, further work is needed to verify this hypothesis.
An Application of Security Access and Control to Semantic Metadata Management

It is envisioned that future architectures will maximize the use of Semantic Technologies and information sharing to improve efficiency and automation, support multi-source information aggregation for advanced analysis, eliminate needless data duplication, and improve adaptability of data sources to new dissemination requirements. In this paper, the authors present a semantic-level solution for enforcing flexible, role-based access and editing policies in support of ontologies, as well as, the underlying data content. The authors describe an implementation method for a security policy with distinctive user roles. A repository of semantically-rich information is used to simultaneously permit access by users with differet security clearances and deny access to unauthorized users. Finally, in the context of a real world example, the authors demonstrate how the application of the security scheme seamlessly integrates with third party semantic applications and visualization tools.
Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in functionalized fullerene-exposed dermal keratinocytes

Initial experiments using differentially functionalized fullerenes, CD-C60, hexa-C60, and tris-C60, suggested a properties dependent effect on cytotoxic and proliferative responses in human skin keratinocytes. In the present study we investigated the cytokine secretion profile of dermal epithelial cells exposed to functionalized fullerenes. Keratinocyte-derived cytokines affect homing and trafficking of normal and malignant epidermal immune as well as nonimmune cells in vivo. These cytokines are critical for regulating activation, proliferation, and differentiation of epidermal cells. Our results indicate that tris-C60 (size range <100 nm) significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine release in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast CD-C60 demonstrated a relatively pro-inflammatory cytokine response, while hexa-C60 did not significantly perturb cytokine responses. Physical and chemical characterizations of these engineered nanomaterials suggest that the disparate biological responses observed may potentially be a function of the aggregation properties of these fullerenes.
Patterns of Rickettsemia and Antibody Response in Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) after Inoculation with Virulent and Avirulent Strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

Most silvered leaf monkeys inoculated with selected strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi developed rickettsemia. The time of onset and the duration of rickettsemia were related to the infecting strains, but these parameters could not be correlated with the virulence of the strain. The rickettsemia was not terminated by the appearance of humoral antibody, as detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The specificities of the antibody responses were related to the antigens present in the infecting strains.
Volumetric study of the nematic-isotropic pretransition region

Specific-volume measurements on methoxybenzylidene butylaniline (MBBA) and $p$-azoxyanisole (PAA) using the differential-dilatometer method are reported. The nematic-isotropic pretransition region over a range \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K about the transition point is examined. The data, interpreted in terms of the de Gennes-Landau theory, are consistent with an $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.5$ critical exponent. The pseudocritical temperature derived from the volume data is significantly different from that reported for optical experiments.
Refugee Scholars in America: Their Impact and Their Experiences

What were the contributions to American scholarship and culture made by European refugees from Nazi persecution? How did these emigres react to the experience of being strangers in the land of their refuge? In this engrossing book, Lewis Coser examines the impact of refugee intellectuals on the social sciences and the humanities in America, painting a collective portrait that sheds light not only on the accomplishments of the Europeans but also on the development of the several disciplines in America that either welcomed or rejected them. Coser explains, for example, why the emigres had more influence in the field of psychoanalysis than in psychology; why Austrian economists were more successful in America than were German economists; why only a few European sociologists made significant contributions in America. Discussing such luminaries as Bruno Bettelheim, Jacob Marshak, Hannah Arendt, Thomas Mann, Vladimir Nabokov, Roman Jacobson, Erwin Panofsky, and Paul Tillich, Coser describes their backgrounds, personalities, and careers in America, providing revealing anecdotes that help to bring these figures to life. His accounts of those who were famous in the country of their birth but never achieved eminence or a feeling of adjustment in America provide a poignant contrast. Coser concludes that the refugee intellectuals were most influential in areas of study where they filled a perceived need not previously met or in fields where they could build on already established traditions. His perceptive analysis of the European-born men and women who altered American intellectual history is an absorbing and memorable story.
Forced Confabulation Affects Memory Sensitivity as Well as Response Bias

A signal detection analysis assessed the extent to which forced confabulation results from a change in memory sensitivity (d a ), as well as response criterion (β). After viewing a crime video, participants answered 14 answerable and 6 unanswerable questions. Those in the voluntary guess condition had a “don’t know” response option; those in the forced guess condition did not. One week later, the same questions were answered using a recognition memory test that included each participant’s initial responses. As was predicted, on both answerable and unanswerable questions, participants in the forced guess condition had significantly lower response criteria than did those who voluntarily guessed. Furthermore, on both answerable and unanswerable questions, d a scores were also significantly lower in the forced than in the voluntary guess condition. Thus, the forced confabulation effect is a real memory effect above and beyond the effects of response bias; forcing eyewitnesses to guess or speculate can actually change their memory.
Evening chronotype is associated with changes in eating behavior, more sleep apnea, and increased stress hormones in short sleeping obese individuals.

Background Short sleep duration and decreased sleep quality are emerging risk factors for obesity and its associated morbidities. Chronotype, an attribute that reflects individual preferences in the timing of sleep and other behaviors, is a continuum from morningness to eveningness. The importance of chronotype in relation to obesity is mostly unknown. Evening types tend to have unhealthy eating habits and suffer from psychological problems more frequently than Morning types, thus we hypothesized that eveningness may affect health parameters in a cohort of obese individuals reporting sleeping less than 6.5 hours per night. Methodology and Principal Findings Baseline data from obese (BMI: 38.5±6.4 kg/m2) and short sleeping (5.8±0.8 h/night by actigraphy) participants (n = 119) of the Sleep Extension Study were analyzed (www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00261898). Assessments included the Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire, a three-day dietary intake diary, a 14-day sleep diary, 14 days of actigraphy, and measurements of sleep apnea. Twenty-four hour urinary free cortisol, 24 h urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine levels, morning plasma ACTH and serum cortisol, fasting glucose and insulin, and lipid parameters were determined. Eveningness was associated with eating later in the day on both working and non-working days. Progression towards eveningness was associated with an increase in BMI, resting heart rate, food portion size, and a decrease in the number of eating occasions and HDL-cholesterol. Evening types had overtly higher 24 h urinary epinephrine and morning plasma ACTH levels, and higher morning resting heart rate than Morning types. In addition, Evening types more often had sleep apnea, independent of BMI or neck circumference. Conclusions Eveningness was associated with eating later and a tendency towards fewer and larger meals and lower HDL-cholesterol levels. In addition, Evening types had more sleep apnea and higher stress hormones. Thus, eveningness in obese, chronically sleep-deprived individuals compounds the cardiovascular risk associated with obesity.
From geopolitics to geoeconomics: Transnational state effects in the borderlands

This article reads Ohmae's arguments about ‘the end of the nation‐state’ against the arguments of Luttwak about the centrality of ‘geoeconomics’ in the new world order. By exploring the limits of both their arguments, the article develops a much more critical account of geoeconomics, suggesting that it can be used by scholars of boundaries and geopolitics to come to terms with the development of cross‐border regionalism and associated transnational state effects (i.e. transnational governance imperatives) in the context of free trade. Geoeconomics is thus argued to describe the localised changes in governance imperatives implicated in a series of economically‐driven and quite quotidian challenges to national borders on the ground in both North America and Europe. The article outlines how an examination of localised strategies to create cross‐border regions in the context of globalised economic interdependencies offers a research window onto processes currently challenging the nation‐state from the ground ...
Differential Control of Clustering of the Sodium Channels Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 at Developing CNS Nodes of Ranvier

Abstract Na v 1.6 is the main sodium channel isoform at adult nodes of Ranvier. Here, we show that Na v 1.2 and its β2 subunit, but not Na v 1.6 or β1, are clustered in developing central nervous system nodes and that clustering of Na v 1.2 and Na v 1.6 is differentially controlled. Oligodendrocyte-conditioned medium is sufficient to induce clustering of Na v 1.2 α and β2 subunits along central nervous system axons in vitro. This clustering is regulated by electrical activity and requires an intact actin cytoskeleton and synthesis of a non-sodium channel protein. Neither soluble- or contact-mediated glial signals induce clustering of Na v 1.6 or β1 in a nonmyelinating culture system. These data reveal that the sequential clustering of Na v 1.2 and Na v 1.6 channels is differentially controlled and suggest that myelination induces Na v 1.6 clustering.
A robust iterative algorithm for wireless MIMO array auto-calibration

An algorithm is presented for estimating complex transmit and receive array calibration gains in a MIMO communications system. Calibration values are computed from a series of distinct channel transfer function matrix estimates over a time-varying channel. The new method, called RIMM (robust iterative multiple-channel MUSIC), is an extension of a previous algorithm proposed by B. Friedlander and A.J. Weiss (see Proc. ICASSP, p.2681-4, 1988). Several significant weaknesses in the earlier algorithm are demonstrated, and robust solutions are presented. An auto-calibration experiment is presented using 2.43 GHz indoor channel probing data samples.
Complexity Analysis of Retrieving Knowledge from Auditing Log Files for Computer and Network Forensics and Accountability

Behaviors of users in a computer or a computer network can be observed by system authorities via logs of all the actions. In a computer or network system, if at some point the fact that the content of a secret file is leaking has been already known, to figure out the reasons of the leaking, we can search partial or entire log files to find out direct or indirect accesses to the file; since a user who accessed the secret before may send messages containing the secret to other users (the secret is leaking due to indirect accesses) via packets in a computer network, or via pipe/FIFO/message-queue/etc. in a computer system, finding the reasons of the leaking is not a trivial task. In this paper, we analyze and simulate the complexity of retrieving knowledge from the computer and network auditing log database for forensics and accountability.
Looking for a good book: Searching for fiction using computer‐mediated retrieval mechanisms

Informational works are “about” something, and with subject classification and indexing, finding an appropriate informational work is relatively easy. Finding a “good” work of fiction is less so. Factors beyond subject influence the appropriateness and appeal of a work of fiction for any particular seeker. In the past 100 years, many fiction classification schemes have been proposed and some have been tested (e.g., Beghtol, 1994; Pejtersen, 1983). Recent research (e.g., Ross 1991) suggests that beyond factual data, readers seek particular emotional experiences from fiction. Schemes have included subject classification, inclusion of literary elements such as characters and setting, and identifying subjective elements of appeal.
Polyaromatic ether‐ketones from o,o′‐disubstituted diphenyl ethers

Polyaromatic ether-ketone resins with potentially open structures which are possibly useful as membranes were prepared from diphenyl ethers with alkyl substitutions in the ortho positions and isophthaloyl or terephthaloyl chloride by Friedel–Craft-type polymerization. These polymers are soluble in such solvents as DMF, DMA, and CHCl3, and can be cast into colorless transparent films.
Robust quantum logic in neutral atoms via adiabatic Rydberg dressing

We study a scheme for implementing a controlled-Z (CZ) gate between two neutral-atom qubits based on the Rydberg blockade mechanism in a manner that is robust to errors caused by atomic motion. By employing adiabatic dressing of the ground electronic state, we can protect the gate from decoherence due to random phase errors that typically arise because of atomic thermal motion. In addition, the adiabatic protocol allows for a Doppler-free configuration that involves counterpropagating lasers in a σ+/σ- orthogonal polarization geometry that further reduces motional errors due to Doppler shifts. The residual motional error is dominated by dipole-dipole forces acting on doubly-excited Rydberg atoms when the blockade is imperfect. As a result, for reasonable parameters, with qubits encoded into the clock states of 133Cs, we predict that our protocol could produce a CZ gate in < 10 μs with error probability on the order of 10-3.
LGBT Pride as a Cultural Protest Tactic in a Southern City

In 2009, Pride came to Dixieville. In this unlikely Southern city, 350 people participated in a Pride march to advocate for improved social conditions for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) citizens. Drawing on ethnographic interviews and observations, I reveal that this march did not fit with the contentious politics model of social movements which defines protest tactics as those that target the state for political/legal change. My findings indicate that the march served primarily as a powerful cultural statement enacted by LGBT community advocates. Guided by Verta Taylor’s framework of contestation, intentionality, and collective identity, I explain why the march participants viewed Pride as the most effective means to advocate for LGBT people despite its dissimilarity with state-targeted tactics. I also demonstrate how Pride answered the specific challenges faced by LGBT people in their city by enacting resistance to what participants understood as a damaging cultural cycle of hostility an...
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccines and Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorders among Children: A Meta‐Analysis

Purpose: The authors of the study sought, through a meta-analysis of primary studies, to same for those who receive a measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination and those who do not?” Background: Despite evidence from numerous sources failing to demonstrate consistent evidence of ASD diagnoses as a consequence of receiving MMR vaccinations, parents/guardians sometimes forego vaccinating their children. Methods: Three researchers searched for and obtained relevant studies, and two researchers independently applied a standardized data extraction form to the included studies. Results: Seven independent effect sizes were calculated, yielding a pooled random-effects OR* = 0.25 (95% CI, LL = 0.09, UL = 0.76) (*denotes random-effects estimate). Under the fixedeffect model, the OR = 0.33 (95% CI, LL = 0.25, UL = 0.45). Conclusions: The odds of ASD diagnoses attributable to receiving or not receiving an MMR vaccination are not indistinguishable within clinical limits of indifference. Even so, the odds of ASD diagnoses are substantially smaller for those receiving an MMR vaccination than for those who do not.
Response to Upward Hypertension Trends: Changes in Blood Pressure or in Antihypertensive Treatment?

We thank Chiolero et al1 for raising an additional hypothesis for the increase in hypertension prevalence, and, indeed, increased treatment at lower blood pressure levels could be part of the explanation of the trend, especially in non-Hispanic men. Although there is an increase in the size of the treated population, it is impossible to know from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to what extent this increase …
Causal Overdetermination and Kim’s Exclusion Argument

Jaegwon Kim’s influential exclusion argument attempts to demonstrate the inconsistency of nonreductive materialism in the philosophy of mind. Kim’s argument begins by showing that the three main theses of nonreductive materialism, plus two additional considerations, lead to a specific and (by now) familiar picture of mental causation. The exclusion argument can succeed only if, as Kim claims, this picture is not one of genuine causal overdetermination. Accordingly, one can resist Kim’s conclusion by denying this claim, maintaining instead that the effects of the mental are always causally overdetermined. I call this strategy the ‘overdetermination challenge’. One of the main aims of this paper is to show that the overdetermination challenge is the most appropriate response to Kim’s exclusion argument, at least in its latest form. I argue that Kim fails to adequately respond to the overdetermination challenge, thus failing to prevent his opponents from reasonably maintaining that the effects of the mental are always causally overdetermined. Interestingly, this discussion reveals a curious dialectical feature of Kim’s latest response to the overdetermination challenge: if it succeeds, then a new, simpler and more compact version of the exclusion argument is available. While I argue against the consequent of this conditional, thereby also rejecting the antecedent, this dialectical feature should be of interest to philosophers on either side of this debate.
TiPNet: a graphical tool for timed Petri nets

The objective of this effort is to develop a computer tool for drawing, editing and simulating timed Petri nets using object oriented programming (OOP). The developed C++ based Timed Petri Net Simulation Tool, TiPNet, simulates discrete systems with both deterministic and stochastic transitions and immediate transitions. Net debugging and performance result tabulation are built-in. The XView Toolkit is used for building TiPNet's interactive graphical user interface in compliance with AT&T's OPENLOOK standard on a Sun workstation running SunOS 4.1.X. Compliance with the XWindow standard makes the developed tool portable to other XWindow systems, and TiPNet can run remotely on a network.
Broad band unidirectional invisibility using PT-symmetry

We show that parity-time symmetric Bragg grating structures, at the spontaneous PT-symmetry point, can act as unidirectional transparent media where the reflection from one side is suppressed while it is enhanced from the other.
Exploring university-industry technology transfer of CAD technology

Since its establishment in 1982, the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) has funded extensive silicon-based semiconductor research at universities, including research in the area of computer aided design. While the consortium has had success with transferring this research to its members, the overall incidence of transfer has been limited. This study explored the key issues affecting the transfer of university computer-aided design (CAD) technology from the SRC CAD Center at Carnegie Mellon University to the SRC's industrial membership. Most research on improving technology transfer has focused on finding mechanisms to promote person-to-person interaction between developer and adopter. Interview and survey data collected from the 12 CAD Center faculty and 15 SRC member firm personnel suggest that transfer succeeds only when SRC member firms establish organizational incentives for technical personnel to commit their time to the implementation of university research, and when they provide these personnel the organizational resources needed to perform this implementation. Suggestions for improving the mechanisms of transfer are offered, but without reform in organizational incentives, improving these mechanisms is unlikely to significantly increase the rate at which university research is commercialized for actual industrial use.
Localization of detected objects in multi-camera network

In this paper we present a framework for detecting, recognizing, and localizing objects in overlapping multi-camera network. The three main components of the framework include background change detection, object recognition, and object localization. The background change detection is based on analyzing wavelet transform coefficients of small patches of non-overlapping 3D texture maps. Detected changed background becomes the region of interest which is scanned to recognize various objects of interest. The object recognition is based on model histogram ratios of gradient magnitude patches. The supervised learning of objects is performed by a support vector machine. A homographic spatial transformation brings multiple cameras into alignment with the ground plane to localize objects in 2D space. Experimental results are demonstrated using various benchmark video sequences and object category datasets.