cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of microfiltration concentration factor on serum protein removal from skim milk using spiral-wound polymeric membranes1

Our objective was to determine the effect of concentration factor (CF) on the removal of serum protein (SP) from skim milk during microfiltration (MF) at 50 °C using a 0.3-μm-pore-size spiral-wound (SW) polymeric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Pasteurized (72°C for 16 s) skim milk was MF (50 °C) at 3 CF (1.50, 2.25, and 3.00×), each on a separate day of processing starting with skim milk. Two phases of MF were used at each CF, with an initial startup-stabilization phase (40 min in full recycle mode) to achieve the desired CF, followed by a steady-state phase (90-min feed-and-bleed with recycle) where data was collected. The experiment was replicated 3 times, and SP removal from skim milk was quantified at each CF. System pressures, flow rates, CF, and fluxes were monitored during the 90-min run. Permeate flux increased (12.8, 15.3, and 19.0 kg/m(2) per hour) with decreasing CF from 3.00 to 1.50×, whereas fouled water flux did not differ among CF, indicating that the effect of membrane fouling on hydraulic resistance of the membrane was similar at all CF. However, the CF used when microfiltering skim milk (50°C) with a 0.3-μm polymeric SW PVDF membrane did affect the percentage of SP removed. As CF increased from 1.50 to 3.00×, the percentage of SP removed from skim milk increased from 10.56 to 35.57%, in a single stage bleed-and-feed MF system. Percentage SP removal from skim milk was lower than the theoretical value. Rejection of SP during MF of skim milk with SW PVDF membranes was caused by fouling of the membrane, not by the membrane itself and differences in the foulant characteristic among CF influenced SP rejection more than it influenced hydraulic resistance. We hypothesize that differences in the conditions near the surface of the membrane and within the pores during the first few minutes of processing, when casein micelles pass through the membrane, influenced the rejection of SP because more pore size narrowing and plugging occurred at low CF than at high CF due to a slower rate of gel layer formation at low CF. It is possible that percentage removal of SP from skim milk at 50 °C could be improved by optimization of the membrane pore size, feed solution composition and concentration, and controlling the rate of formation of the concentration polarization-derived gel layer at the surface of the membrane during the first few minutes of processing.
An Exploratory Study of the Effects of a Self-Instructional Programme Utilising the Pitch Master on Pitch Discrimination and Pitch Accuracy in Performance of Young Trombonists

Students in an experimental group received training in aural/oral perception through the use of a pitch discrimination programme which utilised a technological innovation, the TAP Pitch Master. Tro...
Hydrolysis of Glucuronides with Immobilized Enzymes

Metabolism of many drugs leads to the formation of conjugation products with glucuronic acid prior to excretion of urine. Thus, heroin is converted to morphine and, after conjugation with glucuronic acid, appears in the urine primarily as morphine glucuronide. Detection systems for drug glucuronides can be improved if the glucuronide is hydrolyzed first (1). In the case of morphine,a significant increase in sensitivity can be realized using enzyme-catalyzed glucuronide hydrolysis (2). With the development of techniques for enzyme immobilization, it should be possible to prepare an insoluble s-glucuronidase derivative which permits exposure of the test sample to relatively large amounts of the enzyme, making the hydrolysis amenable to instrumentation on continuous-flow analysers (3-5). Solid-phase enzymes should also be useful in other analyses such as the quantitation of steroid glucuronides (5,6).
Fasting Insulin Level Is Positively Associated With Incidence of Hypertension Among American Young Adults: A 20-year follow-up study

OBJECTIVE Although hyperinsulinemia, a surrogate of insulin resistance, may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN), the longitudinal association between fasting insulin level and HTN development is still controversial. We examined the relation between fasting insulin and incidence of HTN in a large prospective cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 3,413 Americans, aged 18–30 years, without HTN in 1985 (baseline) were enrolled. Six follow-ups were conducted in 1987, 1990, 1992, 1995, 2000, and 2005. Fasting insulin and glucose levels were assessed by a radioimmunoassay and hexokinase method, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of incident HTN (defined as the initiation of antihypertensive medication, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg). RESULTS During the 20-year follow-up, 796 incident cases were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of insulin levels had a significantly higher incidence of HTN (HR 1.85 [95% CI 1.42–2.40]; P trend < 0.001) compared with those in the lowest quartile. The positive association persisted in each sex/ethnicity/weight status subgroup. A similar dose-response relation was observed when insulin-to-glucose ratio or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was used as exposure. CONCLUSIONS Fasting serum insulin levels or hyperinsulinemia in young adulthood was positively associated with incidence of HTN later in life for both men and women, African Americans and Caucasians, and those with normal weight and overweight. Our findings suggested that fasting insulin ascertainment may help clinicians identify those at high risk of HTN.
The ARMS-D out performs the SDSCA, but both are reliable, valid, and predict glycemic control.

Aims The Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) has been associated with objective measures of adherence and may address limitations of existing self-report measures of diabetes medication adherence. We modified the ARMS to specify adherence to diabetes medicines (ARMS-D), examined its psychometric properties, and compared its predictive validity with HbA1C against the most widely used self-report measure of diabetes medication adherence, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities medications subscale (SDSCA-MS). We also examined measurement differences by age (<65 vs. ≥65 years) and insulin status.
ArchPRED: a template based loop structure prediction server

ArchPRED server (http://www.fiserlab.org/servers/ archpred) implements a novel fragment-search based method for predicting loop conformations. The inputs to the server are the atomic coordinates of the query protein and the position of the loop. The algorithm selects candidate loop fragments from a regularly updated loop library (Search Space) by matching the length, the types of bracing secondary structures of the query and by satisfying the geometrical restraints imposed by the stem residues. Subsequently, candidate loops are inserted in the query protein framework where their side chains are rebuilt and their fit is assessed by the root mean square deviation (r.m.s.d.) of stem regions and by the number of rigid body clashes with the environment. In the final step remaining candidate loops are ranked by a Z-score that combines information on sequence similarity and fit of predicted and observed [w/c] main chain dihedral angle propensities. The final loop conformation is built in the protein structure and annealed in the environment using conjugate gradient minimization. The prediction method was benchmarked on artificially prepared search datasets where all trivial sequence similarities on the SCOP superfamily level were removed. Under these conditions it was possible to predict loops of length 4, 8 and 12 with coverage of 98, 78 and 28% with at least of 0.22, 1.38 and 2.47 of r.m.s.d. accuracy, respectively. In a head to head comparison on loops extracted from freshly deposited new protein folds the current method outperformed in a � 5:1 ratio an earlier developed database search method.
Distribution of Biomass in an Indiana Old-growth Forest from 1926 to 1992

Abstract We examined the structural and spatial distribution of woody biomass in relationship to disturbance in an Indiana old-growth deciduous forest over a 66-yr period. Analysis was done on the core 7.92 ha of a 20.6-ha forest in which every tree 10 cm dbh and over has been tagged and mapped since 1926. Five years are compared—1926, 1976, 1981, 1986 and 1992. Dry weight of living biomass for the 7.92-ha area for these 5 yr was 154 Mg/ha, 207 Mg/ha, 220 Mg/ha, 216 Mg/ha and 211 Mg/ha, respectively. Biomass of dead trees was 1 Mg ha−1 yr−1 from 1977 through 1981; 4 Mg ha−1 yr−1 from 1982 through 1986; and 3 Mg ha−1 yr−1 from 1987 through 1992. Biomass of trees that died between 1976 and 1992 was greatest for midseral species. Living biomass of dominant early to midseral species is declining while that of late seral species is increasing. In 1926 biomass of trees 10 to 25 cm diam consisted of 14% Quercus spp. and 12% Acer saccharum. By 1992 biomass in this diameter range consisted of 1% Quercus spp. and 4...
Functional Equivalence of the Color Red and Enacted Avoidance Behavior

Abstract. Research has shown that subtle stimuli and action can elicit approach and avoidance motivational states. In separate literatures, both the color red and enacting avoidance behavior have been hypothesized to evoke avoidance motivation. The purpose of the present research was to both replicate and empirically integrate prior work on red and enacted avoidance behavior. This was done by testing them together within the same paradigms in two experiments, one on anagram performance and the other on local-relative-to-global processing. Both experiments replicated prior research in each literature, with red and enacted avoidance behavior producing comparable effects across both experiments. Implications of the findings for the two literatures are discussed.
Employment Restructuring in Polish Companies During Economic Transition: Some Comparisons with Western Experience

This paper summarizes the results of a survey of downsizing practices in 90 Polish manufacturing companies. Unlike Russia, where very few employment reductions have been carried out, downsizing in Polish companies is pervasive and appears to be accelerating. The factors that drive downsizing in a transition economy like Poland are not the same as those in the west. Nonetheless, the results of this study indicate that downsizing in Poland has had mostly beneficial effects on company functioning. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage uber Einsparungsmassnahmen in 90 polnischen Industriebetrieben zusammen. Im Gegensatz zu Russland, wo nur sehr wenige Personalkurzungen durchgefuhrt wurden, sind Personaleinsparungen in Polen allgegenwartig und sie werden scheinbar beschleunigt. Die Faktoren, die zu Personalentlassungen in einem Ubergangsland wie Polen fuhren, sind nicht identisch mit denen im Westen. Nichtsdestotrotz zeigen die Ergebnisse der Studie, dass Entlassungen in Polen meist einen positiven Effekt auf die Betriebsperformance haben.
DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements in relation to sex hormones and pubertal timing in Mexican-American children

DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements in relation to sex hormones and pubertal timing in Mexican-American children
Fiber tractography for finite-element modeling of transversely isotropic biological tissues of arbitrary shape using computational fluid dynamics

Fiber tractography is useful for studying a variety of biological phenomena associated with transversely isotropic tissues, in which fibers serve to provide functional strength along a specific axis. One useful application of fiber tractography is finite-element analysis (FEA) studies. Here, we present a method utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for efficiently determining fiber trajectories in a transversely isotropic material with arbitrary structures of any complexity (such as those determined from biomedical imaging). We demonstrate assignment of fiber directions to FEA mesh by registration with the CFD mesh. Sensitivity analysis on various solver settings, flow characteristics, and material parameters shows less than 2 degrees of average deviation from the nominal fiber vectors if the Reynolds number is
THE CLEAVAGES OF BeO AND OTHER MINERALS HAVING THE WURTZITE STRUCTURE

A re-examination of cleavage behavior was conducted on five wurtzite- type compounds: BeO, ZnS, ZnO, CdS, and CdSe. The cleavages found are tabulated together with those of Dana and Wolff & Broder for comparison. The outstanding results are discussed, and possible reasons for the discrepancies are considered. (D.L.C.)
Type A behavior, self-involvement, and cardiovascular response

Coronary-prone Type A and noncoronary-prone Type B students were challenged by a battery of tasks including cold pressor, mental arithmetic, behavior type interview, and the generation and expression of emotions. Measures of blood pressure, heart rate, and digital vasoconstriction were intercorrelated with reported distress, performance, speech characteristics, emotional intensity, and self-references. The major difference between the two behavior types concerned self-references, measured as the frequency of personal pronouns employed in speech. The Type A's who referred to themselves frequently had a markedly higher systolic blood pressure, a slightly higher diastolic blood pressure, a lower heart rate, higher distress ratings to cold water, and more extreme voice emphasis and emotional intensity than Type A's who referred to themselves less frequently. The Type B's have little relationship of self-references to any of the measures taken. The possible role of self-involvement in generating Type A behavior and cardiovascular response is discussed.
Comparative Gamma Radiation Sensitivity of the Sawtoothed Grain Beetle and the Merchant Grain Beetle

Effects of gamma radiation dosages between 5 and 100 krad on all stages of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and the merchant grain beetle, O. mercator (Fauvel), were studied. Results with the 2 species were similar, although the merchant grain beetle appeared the more sensitive. Adult development from treated eggs and larvae was prevented by 10 krad. Some adults emerged from pupae at all treatment levels, but no reproduction occurred at 10 krad or above. Adult sawtoothed grain beetle females were more sensitive to the sterilizing effects of gamma radiation than were males, but sterility of both species was complete at dosages of 20 krad and above. Control of these 2 species appears feasible with radiation levels currently approved for treatment of stored-grain insects.
Developing Ethical Leaders: Is There Inconsistency between Theory and Practice?

Today’s unstable economy puts added stress on today’s leaders. When these leaders are stressed, maintaining their values becomes more difficult. While ethics are stressed during one’s education, organizations are less likely to continue ethics training. Given the many scandals, it is essential that there are ethical leaders to guide organizations. A leader cannot be prepared for all situations, but an ethical leader will have the tools to guide himself through complex situations. The purpose of this article is to present how ethics training is often lacking once students move to the business world. However, continuous training is needed to reinforce their skills throughout their careers. This article will use a review of literature to present findings in academia and business.
World Conquerors or a Dying People? Racial Theory, Regional Anxiety, and the Brahmin Anglo-Saxonists

This essay focuses on an influential group of New England patrician intellectuals, including Henry Cabot Lodge, James K. Hosmer, and John Fiske. It argues that the New England backgrounds of these men informed their thinking about race, distinguishing them from their Anglo-Saxonist colleagues from other regions. Specifically, the Anglo-Saxonist triumphalism of the Brahmins was undercut by their anxieties about the fate of their race in New England, where they faced a number of daunting challenges. The result was the unique mixture of power and impotence, arrogance and despair, expansionism and defensiveness that distinguishes the Brahmins from other Anglo-Saxonists. The internal contradictions of the Brahmins are particularly evident in their commentary on immigration, an area where, because of their prestige and political influence, they wielded an outsize influence over federal policy.
Ground-Penetrating Radar For Urban Archaeological Mapping

Urban settings, which are one of the most challenging areas for archaeological near-surface geophysical mapping, can benefit from the use of ground-penetrating radar. The GPR method has the ability to focus energy downward and therefore can potentially map buried features within the clutter of pipes, trenches and other typical urban materials. In addition, GPR can map buried stratigraphy in three-dimensions, which allows stratigraphic analysis of buried deposits. When amplitude slice-maps are produced in various horizontal levels in the ground they can show changes in land usage by building period, making GPR maps analogous to excavation levels over many depths used in traditional archaeological excavations.
Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of the Clustered Spikelets Mutant(Cl-dz)of Rice

A clustered spikelets mutant(Cl-dz) controlled by single recessive gene was found in the progeny of a rice breeding material,its phenotype characteristic was that 2 or 3 spikelets cluster on the second stem in the shape of "W".Genetic analysis indicated that the trait was a recessive trait genetically controlled by single gene.The F2 mapping population was constructed by hybridization between mutant Cl-dz and G46.And the gene Cl-dz was mapped between SSR markers,RM6036 and RM1340 in chromosome 6 of rice.The genetic distance was 3.6 cM and 7.0 cM,respectively.
Impact Assessment of Immunogenicity of Romiplostim In Subjects with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Abstract Abstract 2517 Romiplostim is a peptibody that increases platelet production via binding to the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor. This molecule has been engineered to have no amino acid sequence homology to endogenous TPO (eTPO); however, a low theoretical risk of developing conformational antibodies that cross-react with eTPO does exist. The current immunogenicity assessment strategy detects antibodies that bind to romiplostim, TPO, or TMP (the active peptide portion of romiplostim) and identifies any antibodies capable of neutralizing the biological effect of the drug or TPO. In clinical studies, 537 subjects with ITP were dosed with romiplostim; 31 (5.8%) subjects developed binding antibodies to romiplostim and 21 (3.9%) subjects developed binding antibodies to TPO. However, only 2 (0.4%) of these subjects had antibodies that neutralized the biological effect of romiplostim. The binding antibodies detected against romiplostim were not cross-reactive with TPO in the immunoassay and did not neutralize TPO in the biological assay. Pre-existing binding antibodies against romiplostim were detected in 43 (8.0%) subjects and against TPO in 29 (5.4%) subjects. The immunogenicity rates in Japanese ITP subjects (n=46) dosed with romiplostim were comparable to non-Japanese subjects. As a part of the post-marketing risk management strategy, Amgen performed immunogenicity testing on 37 subjects. Of these subjects, 3 developed binding antibodies against romiplostim that were not cross-reactive with TPO. None of these subjects developed neutralizing antibodies to romiplostim or TPO. The impact of immunogenicity to romiplostim on safety and efficacy was evaluated utilizing platelet profile as a pharmacodynamic marker. No significant impact of the antibodies against romiplostim and TPO on the development of adverse events was noted. Grade 3 and above hypersensitivity related events were found in subjects that were antibody-positive and antibody-negative in the same proportion, indicating that these events were not related to anti-romiplostim or anti-TPO antibodies. No clinical correlation could be made between the development of antibodies against romiplostim and/or against TPO and the previous drug therapies or concomitant medications. No correlation between binding antibodies to romiplostim or TPO and platelet profiles of these subjects could be established. The subjects that developed a neutralizing antibody response against romiplostim were associated with a trend of lower platelet counts. The reduced platelet counts could be attributed to the presence of binding and neutralizing antibodies to romiplostim. Alternatively, the lowering of the platelet counts could also be attributed to discontinuation of therapy at the end of study. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a bleeding disorder characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction and resultant thrombocytopenia and mucocutaneous bleeding. Chronic ITP is defined by the persistence of ITP beyond 12 months, with spontaneous recovery occurring in less than 10% of adults with the disease. The estimated incidence of ITP is approximately 100 cases per 1 million persons per year, with about half of these cases presenting in adults. Patients with chronic ITP often have problematic bleeding that requires ongoing therapy, and hemorrhagic deaths are not uncommon. Chronic ITP in both adults and children is presented in this chapter.
Model Reduction of an Actively Controlled Supersonic Diffuser

A model reduction test case is presented, which considers flow through an actively controlled supersonic diffuser. The problem setup and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model are described. Sample model reduction results for two transfer functions of interest are then presented.
Exploring Trends in Metal-Metal Bonding, Spectroscopic Properties, and Conformational Flexibility in a Series of Heterobimetallic Ti/M and V/M Complexes (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu).

To understand the metal–metal bonding and conformational flexibility of first-row transition metal heterobimetallic complexes, a series of heterobimetallic Ti/M and V/M complexes (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) have been investigated. The titanium tris(phosphinoamide) precursors ClTi(XylNPiPr2)3 (1) and Ti(XylNPiPr2)3 (2) have been used to synthesize Ti/Fe (3), Ti/Ni (4, 4THF), and Ti/Cu (5) heterobimetallic complexes. A series of V/M (M = Fe (7), Co (8), Ni (9), and Cu (10)) complexes have been generated starting from the vanadium tris(phosphinoamide) precursor V(XylNPiPr2)3 (6). The new heterobimetallic complexes were characterized and studied by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Mossbauer spectroscopy, where applicable, and computational methods (DFT). Compounds 3, 4THF, 7, and 8 are C3-symmetric with three bridging phosphinoamide ligands, while compounds 9 and 10 adopt an asymmetric geometry with two bridging phosphinoamides and one phosphinoamide ligand bound η2 t...
Improvements and Performance of the Fermilab Solenoid Test Facility

The Solenoid Test Facility at Fermilab was built using a large vacuum vessel for testing of conduction-cooled superconducting solenoid magnets, and was first used to determine the performance of the MICE Coupling Coil [1, 2]. The facility was modified recently to enable testing of solenoid magnets for the Mu2e experiment, which operate at much higher current than the Coupling Coil. One pair of low current conduction-cooled copper and NbTi leads was replaced with two pairs of 10 kA HTS leads cooled by heat exchange with liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. The new design, with additional control and monitoring capability, also provides helium cooling of the superconducting magnet leads by conduction. A high current power supply with energy extraction was added, and several improvements to the quench protection and characterization system were made. Here we present details of these changes and report on performance results from a test of the Mu2e prototype Transport Solenoid (TS) module. Progress on additional improvements in preparation for production TS module testing will be presented.
The materiality of discourse: relational positioning in a fresh water controversy

ABSTRACTThis project adds to current theorising in organisational communication on the interconnection between discourse and materiality through the refinement of a relational ontology perspective. The central proposition of this project is that in a relational ontology perspective, associations are performed such that relationships and thereby ontologies are communicatively negotiated. To illustrate the arguments of the project, a fresh water management controversy is examined by using public hearing and field research data. The case study illustrates how the materiality of discourse functions to position freshwater, communities, and organisational texts in various and shifting ways to each other.
Aligning Coordination Class Theory With a New Context: Applying a Theory of Individual Learning to Group Learning

This article presents an empirical analysis of conceptual difficulties encountered and ways students made progress in learning at both individual and group levels in a classroom environment in which the students used an embodied modeling activity to make sense of a specific scientific scenario. The theoretical framework, coordination class theory, has primarily been used to capture individual learning in interview settings, and here it is applied to analytically capture both individual and group learning in a complex classroom environment. Classrooms of ninth-grade earth science students used the position of their bodies to model a specific scientific concept, the steady-state energy of the earth. The students encountered difficulties aligning their understanding of the scientific concept with the models. Subsequently, they changed their models in specific ways that better aligned their understanding of the scientific concept with their newly modified model. The theory is utilized to describe learning by both individuals and the group in this classroom environment and shows how a single student's contribution can dramatically affect the model and subsequent learning. Implications suggest new ways in which the theory may be useful for designing learning environments.
Nested defining sequences and 1 dimensionality of decomposition elements

Abstract It is shown that every cell-like, upper semicontinuous decomposition of an n -manifold, n ≠ 4 , that arises from a nested defining sequence can be replaced by a new cell-like decomposition, with the same quotient space and with elements of dimension at most one.
Decoding the Chromatin Code

Abstract SCI-4 Epigenetic processes are reinforced by interactions between covalent chromatin marks such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and variants thereof. These marks ultimately specify the locations of nucleosomes, particularly with respect to transcriptional start sites and other regulatory regions. Understanding how the epigenome functions, therefore, requires a coordinated approach in order to reveal the mechanisms by which the chemical modifications interact with nucleosomal remodeling machines to ensure epigenetic inheritance and control of gene expression. We have developed a new methodology to simultaneously map nucleosomal positioning and DNA methylation on individual molecules of DNA. We used this nucleosomal mapping technology to ascertain alterations in nucleosomal positioning during the abnormal silencing of genes by promoter hypermethylation. These experiments show that the methylation of CpG islands at the transcriptional start sites of key tumor-suppressor genes results in the stable placement of nucleosomes at the transcription start site. Treatment with 5-azanucleoside results in an immediate inhibition of DNA methylation and a sequence of downstream events that ultimately result in the eviction of the nucleosomes from the transcription start site and the activation of gene expression. Disclosures: Jones: Eli Lilly: Consultancy.
Promoting Mindfulness in Education: The “SURE” Approach

In this chapter, I address the need to move away from the instrumentalist curriculum model, predominant in American education today, which perpetuates the view that education is primarily designed to produce future workers and consumers. Promoting mindfulness through educational practice is one way to move beyond this “education as training” paradigm. The importance of transcending and transforming today’s industrial-scientific teaching approach is described with a framework that involves slowing down, unplugging, reconnecting, and ecologizing. Each component is described with an emphasis on transformative education designed to promote deep learning and meaningful engagement between students, their surroundings, and the curriculum. With the major ecological and social challenges that we see today, and into the future, it is becoming more urgent to educate in a way that allows students to better integrate their educational experiences through reflection and mindfulness. Reflective and mindful citizens will be equipped to deal with the wicked problems pertaining to advancing sustainability and reconnecting to the bioregions in which they are situated.
Predicting Cyber Threats with Virtual Security Products

Cybersecurity analysts are often presented suspicious machine activity that does not conclusively indicate compromise, resulting in undetected incidents or costly investigations into the most appropriate remediation actions. There are many reasons for this: deficiencies in the number and quality of security products that are deployed, poor configuration of those security products, and incomplete reporting of product-security telemetry. Managed Security Service Providers (MSSP's), which are tasked with detecting security incidents on behalf of multiple customers, are confronted with these data quality issues, but also possess a wealth of cross-product security data that enables innovative solutions. We use MSSP data to develop Virtual Product, which addresses the aforementioned data challenges by predicting what security events would have been triggered by a security product if it had been present. This benefits the analysts by providing more context into existing security incidents (albeit probabilistic) and by making questionable security incidents more conclusive. We achieve up to 99% AUC in predicting the incidents that some products would have detected had they been present.
Staying True to Our PBS Roots in a Changing World.

The field of Positive Behavior Support (PBS) has grown and changed significantly in the past 25 years and should be expected to continue that trend for the next 25 years. These changes cannot always be predicted, but they can be managed by considering some current changes to the definition of PBS (Kincaid et al., 2016). This paper discussed how PBS can remain close to its empirical and philosophical roots by attending to five key features that include (a) research-based assessment, intervention, and data-based decision making; (b) building social and other functional competencies, creating supportive contexts, and preventing the occurrence of problem behaviors; (c) being respectful of a person’s (or group’s) dignity and overall well-being; (d) being open to data from a variety of fields and evidence-based procedures; and (e) application within a multi-tiered framework at the level of the individual and the level of the larger systems (e.g., families, classrooms, schools, social service programs, and facil...
Method development for the analysis of ionophore antimicrobials in dairy manure to assess removal within a membrane-based treatment system.

Abstract Ionophore antimicrobials are heavily used in the livestock industries, both for preventing animal infection by coccidia protozoa and for increasing feed efficiency. Ionophores are excreted mostly unmetabolized and are released into the environment when manure is land-applied to fertilize croplands. Here, an analytical method was optimized to study the occurrences of five ionophore residues (monensin, lasalocid, maduramycin, salinomycin, and narasin) in dairy manure after solid-liquid separation and further treatment of the liquid manure by a membrane-based treatment system. Ionophore residues from the separated solid manure (dewatered manure) and suspended solids of manure slurry samples were extracted using ultrasonication with methanol, followed by sample clean-up using solid phase extraction (SPE) and subsequent analysis via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The use of an ethyl acetate and methanol (1:1 v:v) mixture as an SPE eluent resulted in higher recoveries and lower method quantitation limits (MQL), when compared to using methanol. Overall recoveries from separated solid manure ranged from 73 to 134%. Liquid manure fractions were diluted with Nanopure™ water and cleaned up using SPE, where recoveries ranged from 51 to 100%. The developed extraction and LC-MS/MS methods were applied to analyze dairy manure samples subjected to an advanced manure treatment process involving a membrane-based filtration step (reverse osmosis). Monensin and lasalocid were detected at higher concentrations in the suspended solid fractions (4.40–420 ng/g for lasalocid and 85–1950 ng/g for monensin) compared to the liquid fractions (
Ludic Perversions and Enduring Communities in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale

This chapter addresses how Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale builds on Orwell’s work by exploring intersections of classism and sexism. In the spirit of Orwell’s socialism, Atwood’s dystopia critiques capitalism and privatization. Just as Nineteen Eighty-Four demonstrates that progressive rhetoric can be appropriated for totalitarian purposes, The Handmaid’s Tale shows how the language of feminism can be distorted by a chauvinist ruling elite to support regressive gender roles. Atwood also reworks Orwellian thought by having her narrator embrace doublethink as a means of preserving, rather than undercutting, sanity. The bizarre sexual relationship between the narrator and the Commander awakens her moral sensibilities and inspires her to leave her record. Reversing Orwell’s gender roles, Atwood casts the Commander as an unwitting revolutionary from the waist downward.
Computational Modeling of Wound Suture: A Review

Suturing is an acquired skill which is based on a surgeon's experience. To date, no two sutures are the same with respect to the type of knot, tension, or suture material. With advancement in medical technologies, robotic suturing is becoming more and more important to operate on complex and difficult to reach internal surgical sites. While it is very difficult to translate a surgeon's suturing expertise to an automated environment, computational models could be employed to estimate baseline suture force requirements for a given wound shape, size, and suture material, which could be subsequently processed by a robot. In the literature, there have been few attempts to characterize wound closure and suture mechanics using simple two- and three-dimensional computational models. Single and multiple skin layers (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) and tissues with different wound geometries and sizes have been simulated under simple wound flap displacements to estimate suture force requirements. Also, recently, sutures were modeled to simulate a realistic wound closure via suture pulling, and skin prestress effect due to the natural tension of skin was incorporated in a few models to understand its effects on wound closure mechanics. An extensive review of this literature on computational modeling of wound suture would provide valuable insights into the areas in which further research work is required. Discussion of various computational challenges in modeling sutures in a numerical environment will help in better understanding the roadblocks and the required advancements in suture modeling.
Designing solution chemistries for the low-temperature synthesis of sulfide-based solid electrolytes

Developing synthesis methods for high quality solid electrolytes has been a key issue for enabling all-solid-state batteries. As compared to conventional methods using mechanical ball milling, liquid-phase synthesis methods would provide a facile way to produce solid electrolytes by reducing the reaction time and heating temperature. The simplified process is also potentially applicable to scalable manufacturing. Here, we introduce a new solution-based synthesis method for an Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolyte by adding a nucleophilic agent, LiSC2H5. The strong nucleophile can break the P–S bonds of P2S5, fully dissolving the P2S5 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and forming soluble intermediates. The modified synthesis protocol provides kinetically favorable conditions for P2S5 to react with the insoluble Li2S, demonstrating the formation of a high quality β-Li3PS4 solid electrolyte (1.32 × 10−4 S cm−1) with a uniform particle shape.
Chemokine Receptors and HIV/AIDS

There have been tremendous advances made toward our understanding of chemokine receptor biology over the past decade. Much of the research conducted in this area was fueled by discoveries that certain chemokine receptor ligands (chemokines) could specifically block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and that certain chemokine receptors were the long-sought coreceptors that, together with CD4, were required for the productive entry of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immuno-deficiency virus (SIV) isolates. In the current survey, along with the interactions of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein with chemokine receptors, we have focused on the relationship certain chemokine receptors have with particular cellular systems such as lipid rafts, chemokine receptor-mediated signaling, and the actin cytoskeleton; all of which appear to play roles in or influence the establishment of HIV-1 infection. We will also discuss the dichotomous effects that chemokines display at both entry and postentry levels of HIV-1 infection and their potential significance for HIV-1 pathogenesis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Game-Based Multimodal Representations and Mathematical Problem Solving

This mixed-method study aims to explore the feasibility of using the game-based, multimodal representation of mathematical problems to support middle school students’ practice and performance of math problem representation and solving. A three-dimensional architectural simulation game, called E-Rebuild, was developed to engage students in architecture-themed math problem solving and learning. Based on the data collected from 56 middle graders, the study findings suggested that interacting with game-based multimodal math problems helped students develop a systematic perspective and an analytical demeanor in coordinating external problem representations distributed across game objects and actions. Game-based problem solving promoted participants’ mathematical test performance as well as mental rotation task performance.
When Experts Disagree: Comments on the Articles by Jacoby and Szybillo and Stewart:

The author discusses the more general lessons that can be learned from Jacoby and Szybillo's (1995) and Stewart's (1995) articles on the Federal Trade Commission v. Kraft, Inc. (1991) case. The les...
A Guide to the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018

This draft paper is a guide to the newly enacted California Consumer's Privacy Act of 2018. It provides background on the history of the law and addresses different aspects including to whom the law applies, what are the rights and obligations under the law and the different mechanisms for enforcement of the law.
Trade‐offs and synergies in a payment‐for‐ecosystem services program on ranchlands in the Everglades headwaters

Increasingly, agriculture is recognized as valuable not only for food production, but also for regulating and supporting ecosystem services such as those encompassing biodiversity and water. Various government programs provide incentives to farmers and ranchers to maintain ecosystem services, with an emerging focus on payment‐for‐ecosystem services (PES) programs. However, interactions among ecosystem services, including synergies or trade‐offs, at spatial scales relevant to land managers are not well understood. Here, we examined how a PES program for enhanced water retention on subtropical ranchlands in the headwaters of the Everglades affected seven indicators of ecosystem services and three indicators of disservices within wetlands (local scale) and among wetlands (wetland scale) at four different ranches. We used general linear mixed models and model selection to evaluate the feasibility of explicit, a priori hypotheses using data from 15 wetlands sampled across four participating ranches. Our study indicated that managing for increased water retention could result in both synergies and trade‐offs among ecosystem services. Higher water retention increased wetland plants at both local and wetland scales and was associated with reduced mosquitoes. Trade‐offs included significant declines in forage plant cover and decreases in amphibian abundance with higher water retention. Unimodal non‐linear relationships described responses of macroinvertebrates, fish, mosquito, and non‐native plant abundance to increasing water retention. These complex relationships indicate that optimizing water retention, provisioning services, and wetland biodiversity in ranchlands may not be straightforward. Unimodal non‐linear relationships among water retention and biodiversity suggest there is a threshold of water retention that represents a trade‐off for also maintaining biodiversity. Land use was an important driver of ecosystem disservices, with more intensely managed ranches having a greater potential for ecosystem disservices such as increased cover of non‐native plants, abundant mosquitoes, and lower amphibian abundance. Multidisciplinary collaboration was required to design, implement, monitor, and assess this PES program for trade‐offs and synergies.
Teachers' Reasons for Instructional Decisions.

One of the lessons learned from the "new math" reform movement of the sixties is that effecting lasting change requires more than developing curriculum materials at a national level for adoption at the local level (National Research Council 1989; NCTM 1989; Mumme and Weissglass 1989). Lasting reform also requires directly involv ing teachers in curriculum development so that they have "ownership" of the product (National Research Council 1989). This ownership is necessary because teachers act as curriculum filters (Holmes Group 1986; Porter et al. 1988; Romberg 1988). If teachers should be involved in mathe matics curriculum development because they filter the curriculum, then an impor tant question arises: "What criteria do teachers use to decide what and how math ematics should be taught?" As a practical matter, teachers are more likely to adopt and teach curricula (including those based on the Curriculum and Evaluation Stan dards) that meet their criteria than curric ula that do not. Data from the Second Inter national Mathematics Study (International Association for the Evaluation of Educa tional Achievements, Second International Mathematics Study 1985a, 1985b, 1989) of fer reasons behind teachers' instructional decisions.
Identification of an abnormal gene for the GPIIIa subunit of the platelet fibrinogen receptor resulting in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

The platelet fibrinogen receptor, which is composed of glycoproteins IIb (GPIIb) and IIIa (GPIIIa), belongs to a large family of receptors that participate in a multitude of biologically important adhesive interactions. Platelets from most patients with the autosomal recessive bleeding disorder, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, are deficient in GPIIb and GPIIIa. We have used cDNA probes to analyze the GPIIb and GPIIIa genes in four patients from three kindreds with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Southern analysis of their DNA was identical to that observed in normals when probed with a full-length GPIIb cDNA or a 3′ GPIIIa cDNA. However, in one family, a 5′ 2.0 kb GPIIIa cDNA identified abnormal DNA fragments in the father and two affected siblings' genes. A series of restriction digests resulting in small genomic fragments were probed with portions of the 5′ 2.0 kb GPIIIa cDNA and indicated that the abnormal sequences are flanked by normal fragments of the GPIIIa gene. To analyze further the genetic defect in this family, RNA was prepared from their platelets. Northern analysis revealed normal levels of GPIIb mRNA compared to control platelets. We were unable to identify GPIIIa mRNA of any size in the clinically affected family members. We also identified an EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) that permitted carrier status determination in the clinically unaffected siblings. These studies indicate that Glanzmann's thrombasthenia can be caused by heterogeneous defects in the GPIIIa gene. Furthermore, we have shown that platelets can be used to characterize normal and abnormal GPIIIa and GPIIb mRNA, and RFLPs may be used to determine the carrier status in some families with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. The specific gene abnormality in this family appears to represent an example of an insertional mutation resulting in a human disease.
The Lac au Renard Tephra Cluster: a record of Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) volcanism in the Indian Point Formation, Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec, Canada

Approximately twenty tephra beds, comprising the Lac au Renard Tephra Cluster (new), occur in the Rosebush Cove and Petit Portage members of the Indian Point Formation (Chaleurs Group) on the Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec, Canada. The tephra beds range in thickness from <1.0 cm to 82 cm and occur in a mudrock-dominated sequence with coarser tempestite interbeds. Mineralogically and texturally graded accumulations of phenocrysts mark the bases of the thickest tephra beds. Early diagenetic concretions in one composite tephra preserve pre-compaction fabrics and original hypocrystalline textures with microphenocrysts and devitrified glass shards. The presence of plagioclase, quartz, K-feldspar, biotite, apatite, and zircon suggest a rhyolitic source. The coarseness of the microphenocrysts in the basal accumulations, along with the abundance and thickness of the tephras, suggest that deposition in the Gaspe area was in a proximal position relative to the volcanic source. The zonal graptolites Monograptus praehercynicus and Monograptus aequabilis ssp. from the Petit Portage Member indicate a middle Lochkovian age for the Lac au Renard Tephra Cluster of the Indian Point Formation. Correlation with the tephra cluster that includes the Judds Falls Bentonite in the New Scotland Formation and other possible tephras in the Kalkberg Formation (Helderberg Group) of New York and the Corriganville and Mandata formations of Pennsylvania is likely. The graptolite fauna of the Indian Point and probable correlations to New York may provide additional biostratigraphic constraints on a U–Pb zircon radiometric age determination of 417.6 Ma from New York that has been used to estimate the age of the Silurian–Devonian boundary.