cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increasing the dose of acute rehabilitation: is there a benefit?

Rehabilitation interventions, including physiotherapy and occupational therapy, can improve patient outcomes; however, the optimal duration and frequency of inpatient rehabilitation interventions is uncertain. In a recent randomized controlled trial published in BMC Medicine, 996 patients in two publicly-funded Australian metropolitan rehabilitation facilities were assigned to physiotherapy and occupational therapy delivered Monday through Friday (five days/week control group) versus Monday through Saturday (six days/week intervention group). This increased dose of rehabilitation in the intervention group resulted in greater functional independence and quality of life at discharge, with a trend towards significant improvement at six-month follow-up. Moreover, the length of stay for the intervention group was shorter by two days (95% CI 0 to 4, P = 0.10). Hence, in the acute inpatient rehabilitation setting, a larger dose of physiotherapy and occupational therapy, via six versus five days/week treatment, improves patient outcomes and potentially reduces overall length of stay and costs.
Tube Graft Replacement of the Suprarenal Aorta With Implantation of the Superior Mesenteric Artery

The superior mesenteric artery was successfully implanted to a tube graft replacement of the suprarenal abdominal aorta after a gunshot wound. Although injuries to the abdominal aorta carry a high mortality, adequate management and prompt operation can reduce the mortality rate. In cases like this one the ingenuity of the surgeon is at stake, because arterial anastomoses are not always possible to their natural origin. Death from aortic injuries is most commonly caused by hemorrhage and exsanguination, so appropriate measures must be taken as soon as the diagnosis is made to avoid this possibility. Also, patients should not be hypotensive for any long time, so transfusion should be timed carefully, especially when the aortic clamps are being removed.
Implications for Including Shared Strategic Control in Multi-party Relationship Models

Contextual uncertainty and firm heterogeneity produce the potential for benefits from multi-party relationships, as well as the potential for inefficiencies in such relationships. We introduce the issue of shared control as a factor in the proper modeling of many multi-party relationships, such as that between a venture capitalist and entrepreneur. We find that adding this degree of freedom to the standard multi-party models (such as the principal-agent model) generates direct and indirect effects on the results. Under the most common circumstances, we predict that more potential for inefficiencies (e.g., pooling) will occur when parties share strategic control.
Mesenteric Air Embolism Following Enteroscopic Small Bowel Tattooing Procedure

Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a revolutionary procedure in which the entire small bowel can be visualized endoscopically. DBE has the advantage of both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in the setting of small bowel neoplasms and vascular malformations. We present a unique case of a 76-year-old female who underwent small bowel DBE tattoo marking of a distal small bowel tumor complicated by development of severe abdominal pain postprocedure secondary to bowel air embolism into the mesenteric veins. Mesenteric air can be seen after other endoscopic procedures such as biopsy, mucosal clip placement and polypectomy, or following a colonoscopy. Mesenteric air embolism following small bowel tattooing procedure has not been previously reported in the literature. Mesenteric air when present may be attributed to mesenteric ischemia and can subject the patient to unnecessary surgical intervention if misdiagnosed. Thus, this report holds significance for the radiologist as computed tomography (CT) findings of mesenteric air embolism must be evaluated in the context of appropriate clinical history before treatment decisions are made.
Utilization of pyruvate and pyruvate precursors by normal and carcinogen‐altered rat tracheal epithelial cells in culture

The metabolism of [14C]pyruvate, [14C]glucose, [14C]glutamine and [14C]alanine was compared between normal rat tracheal epithelial cells and carcinogen-altered cells derived from dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-exposed tracheal implants. Normal primary cultures (NPC) of tracheal cells are distinguished by their need for pyruvate-supplemented medium for growth and survival. The altered cells were selected out by their survival in the unsupplemented medium. Compared to the selected primary cultures (SPC), the NPC showed a three- to four-fold higher incorporation of radioactivity from [2-14C]pyruvate in all the macromolecular fractions, as well as in all the metabolites isolated from the acid soluble fraction and from lactic acid isolated from the medium. [U-14C]glucose was also incorporated at higher levels into lactic acid isolated from the acid soluble fraction and the medium of NPC. These data indicate a higher rate of glycolysis in the normal tracheal cells. This was supported by the findings of a two-fold greater glucose consumption and two-fold higher production of lactic acid isolated from the NPC medium. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was also two-fold higher in NPC. Thus, despite the apparently higher level of pyruvate production in the NPC, exogenous pyruvate is necessary to satisfy the metabolic needs of NPC. The utilization of [U-14C]glutamine or [U-14C]alanine was not markedly different between NPC and SPC. Furthermore, radioactivity from both of the amino acids was recovered in lactic acid in the medium, indicating that both cell types can derive pyruvic acid from either glutamine or alanine. SPC apparently do not use these routes to supply higher levels of pyruvic acid for survival in culture. The oxidation of none of the radioactive metabolites into CO2 was distinctly different between NPC and SPC except for the 1.7-fold higher utilization of [1-14C]glucose along the oxidative arm of the pentose cycle in the normal cells.
Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental summary of the south-east Georgia embayment: a correlation of exploratory wells

A Continental Offshore Stratigraphic Test (COST) well and six exploratory wells have been drilled in the south-east Georgia embayment. The oldest rocks penetrated are weakly metamorphosed Lower Ordovician quartz arenites and Silurian shales and argillites in the Transco 1005-1 well and Upper Devonian argillites in the COST GE-1 well. These marine strata, which are equivalent to the Tippecanoe sequence in Florida, underlie the post-rift unconformity and represent part of a disjunct fragment of Gondwana that was sutured to the North American craton during the late Palaeozoic Alleghanian orogeny. The Palaeozoic strata are unconformably overlain by interbedded non-marine Jurassic (Bajocian and younger) sandstones and shales and marginal marine Lower Cretaceous sandstones, calcareous shales and carbonates, which contain scattered beds of coal and evaporite. Together, these rocks are stratigraphically equivalent to the onshore Fort Pierce and Cotton Valley(?) Formations and rocks of the Lower Cretaceous Comanchean Provincial Series. The abundance of carbonates and evaporites in this interval, which reflects marine influences within the embayment, increases upwards, eastwards and southwards. The Upper Cretaceous part of the section is composed mainly of neritic calcareous shales and shaley limestones stratigraphically equivalent to the primarily marginal marine facies of the onshore Atkinson, Cape Fear and Middendorf Formations and Black Creek Group, and to limestones and shales of the Lawson Limestone and Peedee Formations. Cenozoic strata are primarily semiconsolidated marine carbonates. Palaeocene to middle Eocene strata are commonly cherty; middle Miocene to Pliocene strata are massive and locally phosphatic and glauconitic; Quaternary sediments are dominated by unconsolidated carbonate sands. The effects of eustatic changes and shifts in the palaeocirculation are recorded in the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata.
Simulation-based optimization of wear leveling for solid-state disk digital video recording

As solid-state disk drives (SSDs) become more popular, there is a motivation to use them for digital video recording (DVR), especially in mobile and handheld devices. However, the unique limitations of flash-memory technology, the underlying technology of SSDs, require careful consideration when attempting to implement DVR on a SSD. This work outlines a simulation-driven exploration of wearleveling techniques that, coupled with previous work in SSD DVR optimization, yields a comprehensive strategy for using SSDs to implement DVR.
Distribution and Abundance of Sodium in Mercury's Atmosphere, 1985–1988

Abstract We report spectroscopic measurements of sodium in Mercury's atmosphere for the period July 1985–May 1988. Na abundance varies from 10 atoms cm −2 in equatorial regions in March 1987 to as much as ∼1.5 × 10 12 atoms cm −2 in May 1988. All observations were made using a high-resolution echelle spectrograph on the 61-in. telescope on Mt. Bigelow, Arizona. Strong high-latitude enhancements are common, with the added characteristic that there is usually more at one hemisphere than the other. There is an obvious diurnal correlation, with morning abundances significantly higher than afternoon. We see notable Na emission enhancements when our spectrograph slit is placed over the radar-bright spots at 340° mercurian longitude and 55°N and 25°S latitude. We do not see any trend in column abundance with increasing radiation acceleration. We do not see a significant correlation of abundance with either solar F10.7 flux or sunspot number. Other larger variations occur and must be caused by other factors.
Computational Study of Primary Electron Confinement by Magnetic Fields in the Discharge Chamber of an Ion Engine

A computational investigation of the ability of different magnetic field shapes to confine primary electrons in a discharge chamber of an ion engine is performed. Ideal and actual magnetic fields are studied to gain an understanding of which magnetic field shape provides the most primary electron confinement. The simple, ideal field studies clearly show that particle collisions significantly reduce the confinement ability of a magnetic field. The design parameter studied for actual ring-cusp configurations is the number of magnetic rings used on the discharge chamber. This study indicates that adding additional magnet rings to the discharge chamber does not necessarily increase the confinement ability of the magnetic field. For the size discharge chamber studied in this work, increasing the number of magnetic rings reduces the confinement ability of the magnetic field.
Vitamin D receptor content and transcriptional activity do not fully predict antiproliferative effects of vitamin D in human prostate cancer cell lines

Prostate cancer cell lines exhibit variable growth suppression by the hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D] (1,25 D3). To understand the molecular basis for this differential sensitivity to 1,25 D3, we compared growth response to 1,25 d3, vitamin D receptor (VDR) content and VDR transcriptional activity in four well-characterized human prostate cancer cell lines: LNCaP, DU145, PC-3 and ALVA-31. In PC-3 and DU145 cells, relative lack of growth inhibition by 1,25 D3 (< 10% inhibition) correlates with very low levels of VDR (9-15 fmol/mg protein) compared to classical vitamin D3 target tissues (approximately 75-200 fmol/mg protein). Transfection of DU145 and PC-3 cells with a VDR cDNA expression vector is sufficient to establish growth sensitivity to 1,25 D3, suggesting that low VDR levels are responsible for the failure of these cell lines to respond to 1,24 D3. LNCaP cells are highly sensitive to growth inhibition by 1.25 D3 (approximately 55% inhibition) and contain approximately 2-3-fold more VDR (25 fmol/mg) than the relatively 1,25 D3-insensitive PC-3 and DU145 cell lines. However, ALVA-31 cells display less than 20% growth inhibition to 1.25 D3 although they contain the highest levels of VDR (45 fmol/mg) of the four cell lines. Thus, sensitivity to growth inhibition by 1,25 D3 does not correlate with VDR content in ALVA-31 and LNCaP cells. This lack of correlation between VDR density and growth responses to 1,25 D3 led us to investigate VDR-mediated gene transcription in these cell lines. We employed two different naturally occurring vitamin D response elements (VDREs) linked to a reporter gene. Reporter gene activation by 1,25 D3 correlated well with VDR content in all four cell lines. Therefore, compared to LNCaP cells, decreased sensitivity of ALVA-31 to growth inhibition by 1,25 D3 is not due to a decrease in the general transcriptional activity of VDR. We conclude that growth inhibition by 1,25 D3 in prostate cancer cells requires VDR but that this response is modulated by non-receptor factors that are cell line-specific.
Neurologic outcomes from high risk descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic operations in the era of endovascular repair.

Introduction Spinal cord ischemia and stroke are recognized complications of descending thoracic (DTA) and thoracoabdominal aortic (TAA) operations. However, there are limited data available on outcomes since the advent of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).
Goldenrod stem galler preference and performance: effects of multiple herbivores and plant genotypes.

Few studies have examined how the preference-performance relationship of an herbivore for different genotypes of its host plant is affected by the presence and/or feeding activity of other members of the herbivore assemblage. In an outdoor garden, we manipulated the abundance of three common herbivores, the meadow spittlebug, a leaf beetle, and an aphid, on replicate 1-m2 plots of 16 different genotypes of tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. Adults of the goldenrod stem galler, Eurosta solidaginis, were subsequently released into the garden to oviposit among the host plants. Oviposition preference was strongly influenced by plant genotype and the presence of two of the herbivores, spittlebugs and leaf beetles. The effects of the herbivores were additive: the presence of leaf beetles reduced preference by 6%, spittlebugs by 18%, and both herbivores combined by 25%. Plant genotype-herbivore species interaction effects on stem-galler preference, which would indicate the presence of genetic variation among goldenrod genotypes in their norms of reaction for their acceptability as a host to the stem galler, were absent in this study. The performance of the stem galler was also significantly affected by goldenrod genotype, but in general was not affected by the presence of herbivores early in the season (the exception was a positive correlation between the proportion of ramets infested by all herbivores and gall size). Overall, we could find no correlation between preference and performance. This is in accord with results from previous studies on this system that were performed in the absence of herbivores, suggesting that the presence of herbivores in this study did not qualitatively alter the preference-performance relationship. We suggest that the lack of a positive correlation between host-plant preference and larval performance may reflect a constraint on the discriminatory ability of female stem gallers preventing them from selecting the best hosts among plants that differ in genotype and level of environmental stress (e.g., presence of interspecific herbivores).
Gene Regulation in the Development of Oral Tissues

The regulatory processes associated with tooth formation are being investigated by the identification of when, where, and how cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs), dentin phosphoprotein, enamel gene products, and intermediate cementum products are expressed during sequential developmental stages of morphogenesis, cytodifferentiation, dentin, enamel and cementum extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, and biomineralization. Instructive and permissive signaling is required for both morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation based upon in vitro organotypic culture studies in serumless, chemically-defined medium. Intrinsic developmental instructions, independent of exogenous growth factors, mediate tooth morphogenesis from the initiation of the dental lamina through crown and initial root development. Recent progress using recombinant DNA methods has advanced descriptions of several dental structural genes. The complete nucleic acid sequence for mouse amelogenin has been defined. This ...
Alternative timing of carbaryl treatments for protecting lodgepole pine from mortality attributed to mountain pine beetle

Abstract Carbaryl is regarded among the most effective, economically viable, and ecologically-compatible insecticides available for protecting conifers from bark beetle attack in the western United States. Treatments are typically applied in spring prior to initiation of bark beetle flight for that year. We evaluated the efficacy of spring and fall applications for protecting individual lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud, from mortality attributed to mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, the most notable forest insect pest in western North America. Both spring and fall treatments of 2.0% a.i. carbaryl (Sevin ® SL) were efficacious for two field seasons, while results from a third field season were inconclusive due to insufficient beetle pressure. We discuss the implications of these and other results to the management of D . ponderosae .
Fractionation of fluorescent-labeled proteins according to the degree of labeling.

Abstract Labeling of macromolecules often facilitates the investigation of their properties and interactions. However, labeling normally leads to a heterogeneous population of labeled species which may differ significantly in their chemical and biological reactivity. This report deals with a method for separating labeled materials into fractions according to their degrees of labeling. Preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis or gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 separate fluorescent-labeled proteins into fractions having different degrees of labeling. The dansyl and the fluorescein derivatives of ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin have been studied. Typical electrophoretic separations result in fractions differing by as little as 0.05–0.1 in the average mole ratio of dye to protein. However, the nonintegral values obtained make it clear that the preparations are still nonuniform with respect to degree of labeling. Fractions obtained by gel filtration show several bands when tested by analytical acrylamide gel electrophoresis, while those obtained by preparative gel electrophoresis show only a single band. In the electrophoretic separations, the more rapidly migrating species were found to be more heavily labeled. This finding is explicable on the basis that the introduction of a dye molecule onto a protein should alter the net charge by −3 for fluorescein, and by −1 for dansyl.
Fluorescence monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and effect of surfactants

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that are suspected to be carcinogenic. Because some PAHs can undergo metabolic degradation, an interest has emerged in bioremediating contaminated sites and incorporating surfactants into treatment processes because the release of slowing desorbing, soil-bound PAH may be promoted. The authors employed fluorescence spectroscopy and quenching experiments to investigate micelle-naphthalene interaction and the dynamics of biodegradation in the presence and absence of micelles. These experiments were envisioned to provide some molecular-level insights as well as constitute the basis for subsequent work where realistic model systems will be investigated in a noninvasive manner. In the absence of micelles, naphthalene was observed to be degraded within three days and intermediates were detected. Micelles protected naphthalene against copper quenching and also suppressed biodegradation. Additionally, the emission spectrum of the naphthalene associated with the micelles changed over the course of days. Based on prior quenching and polarization studies, this finding suggests that micelle maturation may occur over the time scale of days, resulting in increased sequestering of naphthalene in the micellar phase. 12 refs., 7 figs.
Phosphocreatine content of freeze-clamped muscle: influence of creatine kinase inhibition.

The study of cellular energetics is critically dependent on accurate measurement of high-energy phosphates. Muscle values of phosphocreatine (PCr) vary greatly between in vivo measurements (i.e., by nuclear magnetic resonance) and chemical measurements determined from muscles isolated and quick-frozen. The source of this difference has not been experimentally identified. A likely cause is activation of ATPases and phosphotransfer from PCr to ADP. Therefore, rat hindlimb skeletal muscle was perfused either with or without 2 mM iodoacetamide, a creatine kinase inhibitor, and muscle was freeze-clamped either at rest or after contraction. Creatine kinase inhibition resulted in ∼6 μmol/g higher PCr and lower creatine in the freeze-clamped soleus, red gastrocnemius, and white gastrocnemius. This PCr content difference was reduced when the initial PCr content was decreased with prior contractions. Therefore, the amount of PCr artifact appears to scale with initial PCr content within a fiber-type section. This artifact directly affects the measurement and, thus, the calculations of muscle energetic parameters from studies using isolated and frozen muscle.
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF d‐AMINO ACID OXIDASE AND CATALASE IN RAT BRAIN

—Rat brain d-amino acid oxidase was found to be confined to the hindbrain, distributed more or less equally between cerebellum and medulla. Histochemical staining showed the enzyme to be localized largely in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. After fractionation by means of several distinct density gradient centrifugation procedures exploiting differences in sedimentation coefficient or in density or in both, the enzyme was found to be entirely or almost entirely associated with cytoplasmic particles with a median diameter of the order of 0·2 μm, and a median equilibrium density in aqueous sucrose of 1·18. Comparison with the behavior of cytochrome oxidase and of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase indicates that these particles are not mitochondria and are unlikely to be lysosomes. They also differ significantly from the bulk of the catalase-containing particles, which on an average appear to be somewhat smaller. The possibility that they might contain some catalase activity, and thereby qualify as ‘peroxisomes’, can however not be excluded. In any case, they differ profoundly from the peroxisomes of liver or kidney.
CO2 Leakage Prevention by Introducing Engineered Nanoparticles to the In-situ Brine

Abstract Introducing engineered nanoparticles into an aquifer or reservoir can potentially increase the storage efficiency and mitigate the risk of leakage of stored CO 2 . We have measured flow pattern and pressure drop during core floods in which high pressure liquid CO 2 or a CO 2 analogue fluid displaces an aqueous suspension of nanoparticles. The displacement front is more spatially uniform and travels more slowly compared to a control displacement with no in- situ nanoparticles. Pressure measurements are consistent with generation of a viscous phase such as an emulsion during the displacement. These observations suggest that a nanoparticle stabilized emulsion is formed during the displacement which acts to suppress the viscous instability.
In Vitro Activity of Fluoroquinolones against Gram-Positive Bacteria

This paper reviews the in vitro activities of several newer fluoroquinolone antimicrobials that exhibit enhanced potency against Gram-positive bacteria. Several of these agents demonstrate 10-fold greater activity than older members of this class against Staphylococcus aureus and inhibit [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values ≤ 2 mg/L] many isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin. Markedly enhanced activity is also noted against Streptococcus pneumoniae, 90% of isolates being inhibited at concentrations 10- to 100-fold lower than those of the older agents. Enterococci also exhibit greater susceptibility to several of the newer fluoroquinolones, although relative cross-resistance with the earlier drugs is noted. As determined by dilution techniques, the new fluoroquinolones generally demonstrate bactericidal activity at concentrations at or near their MIC values. The activities of the new compounds described here are decreased at low pH, but are not affected by the addition of up to 50% human serum to the test medium. Resistance is rarely detected (frequency < 10−9) when high density bacterial suspensions are plated in the presence of 4 times the MIC of these compounds. However, colonies displaying relative resistance to the new agents can be selected by serial passage in incremental antimicrobial concentrations.
A Characterization of Game-Theoretic Solutions Which Lead to Impossibility Theorems

For some game-theoretic solution concepts, such as dominant strategies, Nash equilibrium, and undominated strategies, only dictatorial social choice functions are implementable on a full domain of preferences with at least three alternatives. For other solution concepts, such as the iterative removal of weakly dominated strategies, undominated Nash equilibrium, and maximin, it is possible to implement non-dictatorial social choice functions. Which aspects of solution concepts accounts for these differences? We answer this question by providing a characterization of solution concepts which lead to impossibility results.
Chip formation in orthogonal trimming of graphite/epoxy composite

The mechanisms of chip formation in edge trimming of graphite/epoxy laminates with polycrystalline diamond tools were studied. Characteristics of chip formation were found to be primarily dependent on fibre orientation, with only secondary effects from tool geometry and operating conditions. Although discontinuous chips were noted with all tool/material combinations, variation in the chip geometry depicted a change in chip formation mechanisms with fibre orientation. Spectral analysis of the cutting force signatures and machined surface profiles were used to distinguish changes in chip geometry with fibre orientation and tool geometry. An increase in the rake angle of the cutting tool insert was found to localize the extent of fracture from the tool nose, resulting in smaller discontinuous chips and giving rise to a higher machined surface quality.
CONCEPTUALIZING CONVERSATIONAL COMPLEXITY

A successful conversation requires participants to have knowledge of both the topic under discussion and the nature of conversation. This study asks whether people who are more sophisticated in their representation of conversation behave differently than their less sophisticated counterparts. This issue was probed by devising two operationalizations of what we call Conversational complexity. The two measures assessed peoples' constructs about conversation (operationalized by a measure of construct differentiation) and the manner in which people psychologically structure conversations (via a sorting task tapping the degree to which they focus on the surface features, or deeper structures, of conversations). Individuals who completed the two measures of complexity also participated in conversations and completed a number of personality indices. Each operationalization of conversational complexity was positively correlated with a variety of conversational involvement behaviors, measures of conversational enjoyment and person complexity, and memory for the interactions. Generally speaking, effective interactants who enjoyed conversations and recalled them well tended to have more constructs about conversations and psychologically represented conversations at a deeper level than their counterparts.
A theoretical study of paths for decomposition and rearrangement of dihydroxycarbene

The transition states for fragmentation of dihydroxycarbene [C(OH)2] to H2 and CO2 and for the rearrangement of this carbene to formic acid were located by ab initio calculations. The relative energies of the transition states were determined at several levels of theory and the basis set dependence of the energies is discussed. At the best level of theory; using a basis set of double-zeta quality augmented by polarization functions and with the inclusion of extensive CI, we found that the transition state for fragmentation was considerably higher in energy than that for rearrangement. This finding is at variance with the predictions of the Woodward--Hoffmann rules because fragmentation represents an “allowed” reaction, whereas rearrangement is “forbidden.” In conformity with the Woodward–Hoffman rules, the transition state for rearrangement was found to be close in energy to H· + ·CO2H. The even higher energy of the transition state for concerted fragmentation to H2 and CO2 is attributed to the need for the latter fragment to remain substantially bent in order to permit H2 formation while maintaining a modicum of OH bonding. Difficulties in locating the transition state for concerted fragmentation are discussed and a new method for finding transition states is proposed.
Qualitative Analysis and Implications of Chinese Expatriates' Food Consumption Behavior

Abstract A nationwide web-based survey of Chinese students' food consumption behavior in the U.S. is conducted to investigate how food consumption in China may change as Western influences and product availability increase over time. Qualitative data on consumption of milk, beef, chicken, pork, bread, rice, pizza, hamburger, juice, and vegetables is collected. Factors that affect Chinese expatriates' consumption changes are determined for each product category. Perceived taste differences between the U.S. and China, perceived health and nutrition benefits, consumption frequency, price and age have a significant effect on the consumption of most food products. A marginal effect analysis reveals that factors affect different food products to different degrees. For example, length of stay in the U.S. (i.e., time) affects consumption changes of pizza, hamburgers, and beef more than that of other products. Of the 10 product categories investigated, fruit juice and milk appear to be the most promising short-ter...
Bilateral auricular squamous cell carcinomas with perineural invasion.

Background. Bilateral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the external ears is a rare phenomenon, and we are unaware of instances of bilateral perineural involvement. Objective. To describe bilateral auricular SCCs, each with perineural invasion. Methods. Case report and literature review. Results. Histopathologic examination revealed perineural invasion in both tumors. Conclusion. This appears to be an unusual presentation of bilateral auricular SCCs with perineural invasion in an elderly immunocompromised patient.
WITTGENSTEIN'S MUSICAL UNDERSTANDING

Etude de la relation entre la musique et la comprehension chez Wittgenstein. Examinant l'analogie entre la comprehension d'un theme musical et la comprehension d'une phrase dans les «Investigations philosophiques», l'A. montre que Wittgenstein utilise l'emotion de la musique comme paradigme du langage, definissant les facultes mentales de la comprehension, non comme un processus d'information, mais comme un etat capable de signification
Nuclear division, nuclear distribution and cytokinesis in filamentous fungi

Nuclear division, nuclear distribution and cytokinesis are fundamental processes of all eukaryotic organisms, and filamentous fungi, specificallyAspergillus nidulans andNeurospora crassa, have provided sophisticated genetic systems for identification of the genes required for these processes. Mutational analyses have led to identification of novel proteins that have subsequently been found to be conserved components required for nuclear-specific functions. Formation of the mitotic spindle inA. nidulans has been shown to be dependent onγ-tubulin, a central element of all microtubule organizing centres, and two kinesin-related proteins. Analysis ofA. nidulans mitotic mutants has led to identification of two important cell-cycle regulators, NIMA and BIME. The NIMA kinase is required for entry into mitosis, and BIME has recently been identified as a subunit of an anaphase-promoting complex that targets cyclins for proteolysis. The microtubule-associated motor protein cytoplasmic dynein has been discovered in bothA. nidulans andN. crassa, and it has been proposed that it provides motive force for the distribution of nuclei within hyphae. Future studies of nucleus-specific processes in filamentous fungi are likely not only to identify additional novel structural and regulatory proteins, but also lead to an understanding of how the processes of nuclear division, nuclear distribution and septation are altered to meet the developmental needs of the organism.
The Convergence of Applied, Practicing, and Public Anthropology in the 21st Century

The interests of applied anthropologists, practicing anthropologists, and those engaged in public interest anthropology are converging. More anthropologists are creating collaborative relationships with the communities they study; they are presenting their research to a wider public through museum exhibits and Web sites, and they are working to change public policy. This article summarizes innovative, ongoing work in each of these areas and suggests how training in collaboration, outreach, and public policy research can be incorporated into graduate programs.
Effect of grain size and magnesium doping on the p to n transition in wustite

Abstract Measurements on undoped wustite at high temperatures indicate that the Seebeck coefficient is independent of grain size. Magnesium doping causes the Seebeck coefficient to increase, enlarging the p-type region of the wustite phase field.
Organizational Integration and Process Innovation

Mechanisms for the successful adoption of process innovation were investigated. Since firms buy most new technologies for manufacturing operations, it is difficult for them to use these technologie...
A thermo-mechanically-coupled large-deformation theory for amorphous polymers in a temperature range which spans their glass transition

Abstract Amorphous thermoplastic polymers are important engineering materials; however, their non-linear, strongly temperature- and rate-dependent elastic-viscoplastic behavior is still not very well understood, and is modeled by existing constitutive theories with varying degrees of success. There is no generally agreed upon theory to model the large-deformation, thermo-mechanically-coupled, elastic-viscoplastic response of these materials in a temperature range which spans their glass transition temperature. Such a theory is crucial for the development of a numerical capability for the simulation and design of important polymer processing operations, and also for predicting the relationship between processing methods and the subsequent mechanical properties of polymeric products. In this paper we extend our recently published theory [Anand, L., Ames, N. M., Srivastava, V., Chester, S. A., 2009. A thermo-mechanically-coupled theory for large deformations of amorphous polymers. Part I: formulation. International Journal Plasticity 25, 1474–1494; Ames, N. M., Srivastava, V., Chester, S. A., Anand, L., 2009. A thermo-mechanically coupled theory for large deformations of amorphous polymers. Part II: applications. International Journal of Plasticity 25, 1495–1539] to fill this need. We have conducted large strain compression experiments on three representative amorphous polymeric materials – a cyclo-olefin polymer (Zeonex-690R), polycarbonate (PC), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) – in a temperature range from room temperature to approximately 50 °C above the glass transition temperature, ϑ g , of each material, in a strain-rate range of ≈ 10 - 4 to 10 - 1 s - 1 , and compressive true strains exceeding 100%. We have specialized our constitutive theory to capture the major features of the thermo-mechanical response of the three materials studied experimentally. We have numerically implemented our thermo-mechanically-coupled constitutive theory by writing a user material subroutine for a widely used finite element program. In order to validate the predictive capabilities of our theory and its numerical implementation, we have performed the following validation experiments: (i) a plane-strain forging of PC at a temperature below ϑ g , and another at a temperature above ϑ g ; (ii) blow-forming of thin-walled semi-spherical shapes of PC above ϑ g ; and (iii) microscale hot-embossing of channels in Zeonex and PMMA above ϑ g . By comparing the results from this suite of validation experiments of some key features, such as the experimentally-measured deformed shapes and the load-displacement curves, against corresponding results from numerical simulations, we show that our theory is capable of reasonably accurately reproducing the experimental results obtained in the validation experiments.
Haystack: a platform for creating, organizing and visualizing semistructured information

1. OVERVIEW In this demonstration we present Haystack, an environment that allows users to easily manage their documents, e-mail, appointments, tasks, and other information [1]. Haystack uses a semistructured data model to describe the connections between different documents in a user’s corpus as well as the metadata concerning each document. This amalgamation provides users with a unified framework for managing all of their information, e.g., documents, e-mails, etc., through a single interface. Furthermore, Haystack’s user interface exposes general tools for navigating the various kinds of information found in users’ corpora.
Circadian organization of thirteen liver and six brain enzymes of the mouse.

The activities of 13 liver and 6 brain enzymes were studied in 7–12 week old CD2F1 male mice that had been fed ad libitum and standardized either to 12 hours of light (0600–1800) alternating with 12 hours of darkness (1800–0600) (LD 12:12), or to a reversed light-dark cycle (darkness 0600–1800; light 1800–0600) (DL 12:12). Three separate studies were performed on two different days; in each experiment, subgroups of 14 animals were sacrificed at 3-hour intervals. Livers were assayed for: isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glyoxylate reductase, L-alanine aminotransferase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, pyruvate decarboxylase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, and fatty acid synthetase. Brains were assayed for phosphoglucose isomerase, adenosine triphosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase, and malate dehydrogenase. All 19 enzymes demonstrated a prominent circadian rhythm in at least one experiment. Moreover, each rhythmic variable showed a statistically significant fit to a 24-hour cosine(sine) curve by the method of least squares. In general, peak activities of the liver enzymes analyzed were associated with the beginning of the dark cycle and initiation of the animal's activity, while the group of brain enzymes had peak activities which occurred at the beginning of the animals' rest span and were near the beginning of the light cycle. The phasing of each of the rhythms could be reversed within a two-week span after reversing the environmental light-dark cycle 180°.
Computed tomography analysis of third webspace injections for interdigital neuroma.

Background:Injection for interdigital neuroma (IDN) may not selectively target the common digital nerve. We investigated the anatomical localization and extent of extravasation with injection for I...
Effect of differential N-linked and O-linked mannosylation on recognition of fungal antigens by dendritic cells.

Background An experimental approach for improving vaccine efficacy involves targeting antigens to mannose receptors (MRs) on dendritic cells (DCs) and other professional antigen presenting cells. Previously, we demonstrated that mannosylated Pichia pastoris-derived recombinant proteins exhibited increased immunogenicity compared to proteins lacking mannosylation. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for this observation, the present study examined the cellular uptake of the mannosylated and deglycosylated recombinant proteins. Methodology/Principal Findings Utilizing transfected cell lines, roles for the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR, CD206) and DC-SIGN (CD209) in the recognition of the mannosylated, but not deglycosylated, antigens were demonstrated. The uptake of mannosylated antigens into murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) was inhibited by yeast mannans (YMs), suggesting a mannose-specific C-type lectin receptor-dependent process, while the uptake of deglycosylated antigens remained unaffected. In particular, antigens with both N-linked and extensive O-linked mannosylation showed the highest binding and uptake by BMDCs. Finally, confocal microscopy studies revealed that both mannosylated and deglycosylated P. pastoris-derived recombinant proteins localized in MHC class II+ compartments within BMDCs. Conclusions/Significance Taken together with our previous results, these data suggest that increased uptake by mannose-specific C-type lectin receptors is the major mechanism responsible for the enhanced antigenicity seen with mannosylated proteins. These findings have important implications for vaccine design and contribute to our understanding of how glycosylation affects the immune response to eukaryotic pathogens.
Generation rate of carbon monoxide from CO2 arc welding

Objectives: CO poisoning has been a serious industrial hazard in Japanese workplaces. Although incomplete combustion is the major cause of CO generation, there is a risk of CO poisoning during some welding operations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the generation rate of CO from CO(2) arc welding under controlled laboratory conditions and estimate the ventilation requirements for the prevention of CO poisoning. Methods: Bead on plate welding was carried out with an automatic welding robot on a rolled steel base metal under several conditions. The concentration of emitted CO from the welding was measured by a real-time CO monitor in a well-ventilated laboratory that was free from ambient CO contamination. The generation rate of CO was obtained from the three measurements-the flow rate of the welding exhaust gas, CO concentration in the exhaust gas and the arcing time. Then the ventilation requirement to prevent CO poisoning was calculated. Results: The generation rate of CO was found to be 386-883 ml/min with a solid wire and 331-1293 ml/min with a flux cored wire respectively. It was found that the CO concentration in a room would be maintained theoretically below the OSHA PEL (50 ppm) providing the ventilation rate in the room was 6.6-25.9 m(3)/min. The actual ventilation requirement was then estimated to be 6.6-259 m(3)/min considering incomplete mixing. Conclusions: In order to prevent CO poisoning, some countermeasures against gaseous emission as well as welding fumes should be taken eagerly. Language: en
Transverse magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of two-dimensional Ising lattices

Employing the shift operator matrix (SOM) method to obtain the necessary partition functions, we calculate and compare the transverse, antiferromagnetic magnetization and magnetic susceptibility [as functions of temperature, applied magnetic field and spin-spin interaction potential] for a system of nearest-neighbor-interacting, classical, spin-12 particles distributed on M×∞(M= 2, 3, 4...) planar, square-cell lattices (having two free edges) and cylindrical lattices (having no free edges). Our calculations of the transverse, antiferromagnetic magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of planar lattices show explicitly the influence of the lattice edges. For cylindrical lattices, the effect of the antiferromagnetic seam is evident (for odd values of M). The susceptibility for both kinds of lattices depends on the applied field in anomalous manner which increases with M and which cannot be ascribed to the orientation [relative to the lattice directions] to the nearest-neigbhor spin pairs from which ordered spins are derived.
Polyamides from 12‐(β‐aminoethyl) abietan‐18‐amine

The 1:1 salt of 12-(β-aminoethyl)abietan-18-amine and adipic acid has been prepared and polymerized. This salt has been copolymerized with the 1:1 salt of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid. 12-(β-Aminoethyl)abietan-18-amine has been polymerized with isophthaloyl and terephthaloyl chlorides with triethylamine as catalyst and terpolymerized with terephthaloyl chloride and hexamethylenediamine. All polymers have been characterized to some extent, and mechanical properties are reported for two of the polyamide films.
Permafrost-Associated Gas Hydrate: Is It Really Approximately 1 % of the Global System?

Permafrost-associated gas hydrates are often assumed to contain ∼1 % of the global gas-in-place in gas hydrates based on a study26 published over three decades ago. As knowledge of permafrost-associated gas hydrates has grown, it has become clear that many permafrost-associated gas hydrates are inextricably linked to an associated conventional petroleum system, and that their formation history (trapping of migrated gas in situ during Pleistocene cooling) is consistent with having been sourced at least partially in nearby thermogenic gas deposits. Using modern data sets that constrain the distribution of continuous permafrost onshore5 and subsea permafrost on circum-Arctic Ocean continental shelves offshore and that estimate undiscovered conventional gas within arctic assessment units,16 the analysis done here reveals where permafrost-associated gas hydrates are most likely to occur, concluding that Arctic Alaska and the West Siberian Basin are the best prospects. A conservative estimate is that 20 Gt C (2...
Application of transient current measurements: evidence for galvanic corrosive wear of aluminum by a polyperfluoroether lubricant

Abstract Transient currents serve as a sensitive probe of electrical activity during a tribology experiment. Using this tool, we have found evidence for electrochemically-enhanced corrosion and galvanic corrosive wear of Al-6061 alloy in the presence of a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricant. Fomblin Z-DOL. Galvanic current and potential measurements were carried out in three experimental configurations: (1) an Al stylus was translated across a Z-DOL-coated Al substrate in a typical wear geometry. (2) an Al electrode was brought down perpendicularly onto an identical, Z-DOL-coated Al electrode, and (3) in a simple electrolytic cell. All configurations yielded readily measurable currents with corresponding potential differences of ∼300 mV. Corrosion during long-term Z-DOL exposure in galvanic cells was confirmed by the detection of significant Al concentrations in the oil. Analysis of oil employed in non-galvanic cells (same geometry, but no external electrical connection) showed essentially background Al concentrations. Scanning force microscopy (SFM) of Al surfaces exposed to Z-DOL in galvanic cells actualy smoother than as-polished surfaces, due to an electropolishing effect. The consequences of galvanic corrosion regarding lubricant lifetime and wear in applications of PFPE lubricants, including magnetic disks, are discussed.