cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design, status and schedule of the sPHENIX experiment at RHIC

Abstract The 2015 US Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan calls for a state-of-the-art jet and Upsilon detector at RHIC, known as sPHENIX to study the microscopic nature of the QGP, complementing similar studies at the CERN LHC. The sPHENIX detector will provide precision vertexing, tracking and full calorimetry over pseudorapidity | η | 1.1 and full azimuth at the full RHIC collision rate, delivering unprecedented data sets for jet and upsilon measurements at RHIC. This will enable the three pillars of the sPHENIX physics program, i.e., studies of jet structure modifications, measurements of heavy-flavor tagged jet production and precision upsilon spectroscopy. We present an overview of the sPHENIX detector design, expected construction and running schedule and planned physics program.
R&D Capital, R&D Spillovers, and Productivity Growth in World Agriculture

Increasing the world’s food supply has depended heavily on increasing agricultural productivity, which in turn depends on investments in research and development (R&D). This article synthesizes findings from more than 40 studies on how R&D investments affect agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) in various parts of the world. The article breaks out the relative contributions to TFP growth of R&D by public institutions, private companies, and the CGIAR (a consortium of international agricultural research centers), including international technology spillovers. Major differences emerge between global regions in sources and efficiency of R&D capital. Developed countries appear to have benefitted more from private and international R&D spillovers than developing countries.
Operational optimization of an integrated solar combined cycle under practical time-dependent constraints

Abstract Integrated solar combined cycles (ISCCs) need to be able to handle some of the most dynamic operating conditions of any power generation system in order to provide the flexibility of a natural gas combustion turbine while simultaneously utilizing variable incident solar irradiation. Yet to date, most work on ISCC design has focused on high-level treatments of system viability and potential impact, without thorough consideration of system operations. In this work, a computationally efficient ISCC model is constructed that includes detailed modeling of the heat recovery steam generator that links the natural gas and solar thermal systems. The model is validated against a model in the literature, and then used to perform computational optimization of the facility operations. Critically, a wide variety of practical system constraints are considered at each time step evaluated in order to ensure system feasibility under realistic conditions. It is shown that under different operating modes the ISCC design examined displays similar emission rates, yet significantly different profit ranges. A marked increase in the operating flexibility of the ISCC is observed when the outlet temperature of the solar heat transfer fluid is allowed to vary over the course of the day.
β-Cyclodextrin Reverses Binding of Perfluorooctanoic Acid to Human Serum Albumin.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant known to cause adverse health effects, strongly binds to human serum albumin (HSA). β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), a nontoxic cyclic sugar, strongly complexes PFOA in a host–guest complex and has been proposed for environmental remediation of PFOA. The interactions between HSA, PFOA, and β-CD were investigated in order to determine if β-CD can reverse the binding of PFOA to HSA, with potential therapeutic applications toward exposure to PFOA. 19F Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to study these interactions. Multiple PFOA binding sites to HSA, one with strong affinity and others with low affinity, are evident from changes in the fluorescence emission spectra of HSA and the fluorescence lifetimes of the single Trp residue in HSA with increasing PFOA concentration. Structural changes in the protein are also evident from changes in the circular dichroism spectra of HSA upon titration of PFOA. A...
Process severity affects texture and color of potato strips baked in pilot-scale infrared Radiant Wall Oven

Abstract Frozen par-fried potato strips were baked in an infrared radiant wall oven (RWO) at temperatures of 290–365 °C with different processing times to reduce fat content of the final product in contrast to deep fat fried strips. Product characteristics in terms of cutting force, puncture force, lightness, chroma, hue, moisture and fat content of the RWO-baked potato strips were measured and compared to that of deep-fat fried samples (177 °C for 3 min). Instrumental and sensory assessment of the texture of the potato strips indicated that RWO-baked potato strips at 365 °C for 6.5 min had similar texture as deep-fat fried potato strips, yet contained 72% less fat. However, those potato strips were lighter and less brown in color, and had 18% more moisture than the fried counterparts. RWO processing, as a surface treatment, achieved dramatic fat reduction because the potato strips were not submerged into oil. Increase in the severity of the RWO processing resulted in potato strips with higher cutting force, puncture force, darker and more brown color and lower moisture content.
William H. McNeill: Epidemiological and Biogeographical Perspectives on Civilization

Like Toynbee, William McNeill is a world historian, but one with a bent toward epidemiology. Most directly in his Plagues and Peoples, McNeill considers the role of disease-induced mortality, infection, and transmission alongside the more traditional historical topics of war and conquest. McNeill studied disease as a primary cause in its own right, rather than as incidental sequelae to climatological catastrophes, famine, war, or resource limitation. McNeill anticipates the emphasis placed by modern evolutionary life history theory upon regimes of extrinsic mortality as being the main drivers shaping life history evolution. After all, from its founding, life history has incorporated population density and mortality rates into its quantitative formulae and qualitative theory, making it an ideal framework from which to reconsider McNeill.
Hypothermia Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

In animal models and human studies, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to be associated with a secondary injury that occurs after the initial impact. There is a growing body of evidence in laboratory and clinical studies that moderate hypothermia may have a beneficial effect on attenuating cerebral tissue damage. Further studies are necessary to ensure safety and efficacy of hypothermia in the pediatric population. It is expected that hypothermia initiated early after severe TBI will have a protective effect on the pediatric brain and can be done safely.
Foundations: Structures, Sets, and Categories

Recent years have seen a wealth of discussion on the topic of the foundations of mathematics, and the extent to which category theory, set theory, or some other framework serves, or can serve, as a foundation, or the foundation of some, most, or all of mathematics. Of course, adjudications of these matters depend on what, exactly, a foundation is, and what it is for, and it depends on what mathematics is. It is like a game of Jeopardy. We are given some answers: set theory, category theory, abstraction principles, etc., and we have to figure out what the questions are. Most of the participants in this debate are at least fairly clear about what their questions are, but it seems that the participants do not have the same questions in mind. And some of the questions have disputable presuppositions concerning the nature of mathematics. My purpose here is to survey some of the terrain. The goal is to clarify the discussion, and perhaps to advance parts of it, without plumping for one or the other view.
Is K3C60 a Line Phase

We present x-ray diffraction evidence that K X C 60 with x as low as 1.6 exhibits phase-pure fcc structures over some temperature range. These results have implications for the equilibrium binary phase diagram, and for the possibility of testing the hypothesis that fullerene superconductors are doped Mott-Hubbard insulators.
Shyness as a Discrete Emotion

The publication of this volume is somewhat ironic. It exposes the concept of shyness to the merciless scrutiny of a large group of strangers—the very situation that shy individuals find most distressing. Whether this scrutiny uncovers new aspects of shyness, or results in its further retreat, may depend on our strategy in approaching this elusive construct. In this chapter, we propose that shyness may be cautiously but productively approached as a specific quality of emotion experience.
Episodic and Autobiographical Memory: Psychological and Neural Aspects

Episodic memory refers to a neurocognitive system that renders possible the conscious recollection of events as they were previously experienced. The term is closely related, but not identical, to autobiographical memory, which refers to memory for and about a person's own life. The defining characteristic of episodic memory is its dependence on a special kind of conscious awareness called autonoetic awareness. An individual with autonoetic (or ‘self-knowing’) awareness is capable of roaming at will in subjective time, by recollecting aspects of past experiences, or imagining possible future experiences. It can be contrasted with semantic memory, or the neurocognitive system that makes possible the acquisition, retention, and use of factual information whose retrieval is accompanied by noetic awareness. Research in cognitive neuroscience has identified two brain regions, the medial temporal lobes and the prefrontal cortex, which are critical for the normal operations of episodic and autobiographical memory. The former area is necessary for the establishment of episodic and autobiographical memories, and also participates in their retrieval for a limited time following encoding. The latter area underlies the ability to become autonoetically aware of the personal past and future, and is especially important in episodic memory.
Physician attitudes about genetic testing for localized prostate cancer: A national survey of radiation oncologists and urologists.

Abstract Introduction Genetic testing has been recently put forth as a strategy to improve decision-making in the management of localized prostate cancer. Little is known about how frequently prostate cancer specialists are using these tests, or whether they consider them important or effective. We performed a national survey of radiation oncologists and urologists on their perceptions and self-reported use of genetic testing. Methods From January to July 2017, a 4-wave mail survey was performed involving 915 radiation oncologists and 940 urologists about genetic testing and decision-making for localized prostate cancer. The survey queried the frequency and type of genetic test and the degree of importance and confidence of such tests. Pearson chi-square and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify respondent characteristics associated with outcomes. Results Overall response rate was 37.3% (n = 691). One in six specialists reported frequently using genetic tests with urologists more likely than radiation oncologists to do so (26% vs. 4%; OR: 3.51, p Conclusions Few radiation oncologists and urologists report frequently using genetic testing for treatment decision-making among patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, though more urologists use these tests and believe they yield meaningful results.
Applying a community-based participatory research framework to patient and family engagement in the development of patient-centered outcomes research and practice

There has been increasing recognition of the need to engage patients, families, and other patient stakeholders in research. This article seeks to provide understanding and examples of how to apply core principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) in developing patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) that can impact clinical and public health practice. Authors review CBPR principles and demonstrate how to translate them into effective PCOR strategies. Common themes of CBPR principles and PCOR strategies are related to: (a) fostering joint ownership in the identification of health priorities, the development and evaluation of research strategies and their design, and the dissemination of findings; (b) a keen recognition and appreciation for the importance of stakeholder-driven priorities, research, and solutions; (c) building capacity of both stakeholders and researchers to engage in research collaboratively; and (d) recognizing that conducting the research is not the endpoint but continues on with a commitment to dissemination, spread, adoption and sustainability. The authors highlight the specific strategies in which these CBPR principles can be translated for use in engaging patients and families, and including other stakeholders such as care providers, community partner organizations, health systems, and insurers, in the research process to ensure the development of PCOR.
Phase Ib study of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) with midostaurin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiation (XRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer: Sensitization of RAS mutant tumors.

e15674Background: RAS mutations confer radiation resistance in rectal cancer, with very low pCR rates, below 5%. Midostaurin is an oral, multi-target TKI, FDA-approved for FLT3 mutated leukemia, th...
DIFFERENCES IN ILLNESS PERCEPTIONS BETWEEN PARTICIPANTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND THEIR CARE PARTNERS

At diagnosis, persons with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI) and their care partners can receive information that can lead individuals to over or underestimate the significance of MCI as a potential precursor to dementia. Understanding how PwMCI and their care partners perceive the illness can help guide these challenging discussions. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to compare illness perceptions (IPs) between PwMCI and their care partners. This cross-sectional study examined baseline illness perceptions between PwMCI and care partners participating in an RCT examining the impact of disclosing amyloid PET results. IPs were measured by the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ). Repeated measures ANOVA/MANOVA was performed to examine within-dyad differences. Sixty-eight dyads were comprised of mostly male PwMCI (62.7%) and female care partners (77.9%). PwMCI tended to be older and more educated than their care partner (ps=.001). Overall B-IPQ scores differed across PwMCI and care partner (Mean=54.12 vs. 50.10, p=.039). When the set of B-IPQ dimensions were examined multivariately across PwMCI and their care partners, PwMCI’s IPs were different than care partner’s IPs (p<.001). Examination of the eight individual dimensions revealed only a difference in control, where PwMCI perceived MCI to be more within their personal control (Mean=5.73) than their care partner (Mean=2.86, p<.001). PwMCI perceive a more threatening view of MCI, however, with a greater sense of control than their care partners. Interventions encouraging dyads to explore differing perceptions of MCI may promote shared decision making, planning ahead, and, ultimately, improve dyadic well-being.
Multidetector CT Angiography for Coronary Bypass Graft Assessment and Reoperative Cardiac Surgery

Multidetector coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is a useful tool for diagnosing and evaluating coronary artery disease, as well as elucidating mediastinal anatomy pertinent to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Multiple developments in hardware, software, and technique have contributed to improved spatial and temporal resolution while imaging the heart, giving high-quality information on native coronary arteries and bypass grafts. While CCTA is not routinely used as a sole test to proceeding with CABG, it provides more information on mediastinal anatomy than ICA and is indispensable for minimally invasive CABG and off-pump CABG and for evaluating potential arterial grafts for all-arterial bypass. In addition, CCTA has been shown to accurately assess coronary artery bypass grafts for stenosis and overall patency, in both venous and arterial grafts. CCTA is indispensable to reoperative surgery in determining the location of bypass grafts and other mediastinal structures in order to avoid damage during sternal reentry. The current status of multidetector CT (MDCT) for use with CABG is promising, and advances in newer-generation CT scanners may lead to it becoming the “gatekeeper” to the catheterization lab and the operating room.
Understanding Endotoxin and β-Glucan Contamination in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Products

Nanotechnology is increasingly used to formulate small molecules, biologics, and nucleic acid-based therapeutics. The attention to this technology is drawn by a variety of benefits including but not limited to the improved circulation time, reduced toxicity and the ability to target tissues and cells of interest. Clinical translation of nanotechnology-based drug products requires, among other investigations, the evaluation for the potential contamination with bacterial endotoxins. In the process of evaluating the safety of nanotechnology-based drug products, screening for additional microbial contaminants, such as beta-glucans, is an emerging new field. Herein, we will provide a general overview of the nanotechnology field and review challenges with estimating endotoxin and beta-glucan contamination in nanoparticle-based drug products.
Ni-catalyzed 1,2-benzylboration of 1,2-disubstituted unactivated alkenes

Nickel-catalyzed 1,2-carboboration of alkenes is emerging as a useful method for chemical synthesis. Prior studies have been limited to only the incorporation of aryl groups. In this manuscript, a method for the 1,2-benzylboration of unactivated alkenes is presented. The reaction combines readily available alkenes, diboron reagents and benzylchlorides to generate synthetically versatile products with control of stereochemistry. The utility of the products as well as the mechanistic details of the process are also presented.
Canonical analysis of Brans-Dicke theory addresses Hamiltonian inequivalence between the Jordan and Einstein frames

The Jordan and Einstein frames are studied under the light of the Hamiltonian formalism. Dirac's constraint theory for Hamiltonian systems is applied to Brans-Dicke theory in the Jordan frame. In both the Jordan and Einstein frames, Brans-Dicke theory has four secondary first class constraints and their constraint algebra is closed. We show, contrary to what is generally believed, the Weyl (conformal) transformation, between the two frames, is not a canonical transformation, in the sense of the Hamiltonian formalism. This addresses quantum mechanical inequivalence as well. A canonical transformation is shown.
Extracellular Thimet Oligopeptidase is Released with Extracellular Vesicles from Human Prostate Cancer Cells

ABSTRACT Androgen signaling plays a central role in the development of prostate cancer. Androgen hormone synthesis is tightly governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) is a biologically significant peptidase known to cleave GnRH and potentially regulate its activity. Thus, TOP can play an important role in the HPG axis through regulating the downstream production and release of gonadal steroid hormones, including androgens, which may further affect prostate cancer development. TOP is known to be secreted out to the extracellular space. Here, we report that extracellular TOP can be associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs). Western blot analysis of EVs isolated from PC3 or DU145 prostate cancer cells revealed that TOP protein is, indeed, carried by the EVs. Budding of EVs from stimulated PC3 prostate cancer cells can also be visualized by confocal microscopy. Significantly, the TOP enzyme carried by EVs is enzymatically active. The present study shows that EV-associated TOP is a novel form of this extracellular peptidase that may play a role in the disease progression of prostate cancer cells.
COVID-19 Generation: A Conceptual Framework of the Consumer Behavioral Shifts to Be Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper reviews the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 on global consumer traits, buying patterns, global interconnectedness and psychographic behavior, and other marketing activi...
DFT Study of Methane Activation and Coupling on the (0001) and (112̅0) Surfaces of α-WC

Understanding the mechanism of methane activation and coupling of its derivatives catalyzed by metal carbides is critical to efficiently converting methane to value-added products via a direct conv...
Writing Cartography’s Enlightenment

The Enlightenment poses a particular problem for map history. The period acquired a special significance as the historical fulcrum in the narrative of the history of cartography. This essay provide...
Cadmium-mediated pancreatic islet transcriptome changes in mice and cultured mouse islets.

Abstract Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease process that is characterized by insulin resistance and impairment of insulin-producing pancreatic islets. There is evidence that environmental exposure to cadmium contributes to the development of T2DM. The presence of cadmium in human islets from the general population and the uptake of cadmium in β-cells have been reported. To identify cadmium-mediated changes in gene expression and molecular regulatory networks in pancreatic islets, we performed next-generation RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in islets following either in vivo (1 mM CdCl2 in drinking water) or ex-vivo (0.5 μM CdCl2) exposure. Both exposure regiments resulted in islet cadmium concentrations that are comparable to those found in human islets from the general population. 6-week in vivo cadmium exposure upregulates the expression of five genes: Synj2, Gjb1, Rbpjl, Try5 and 5430419D17Rik. Rbpjl is a known regulator of ctrb, a gene associated with diabetes susceptibility. With 18-week in vivo cadmium exposure, we found more comprehensive changes in gene expression profile. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that these secondary changes were clustered to molecular mechanisms related to intracellular protein trafficking to the plasma membrane. In islet culture, cadmium ex vivo significantly induces the expression of Mt1, Sphk1, Nrcam, L3mbtl2, Rnf216 and Itpr1. Mt1 and Itpr1 are known to be involved in glucose homeostasis. Collectively, findings reported here revealed a complex cadmium-mediated effect on pancreatic islet gene expression at environmentally relevant cadmium exposure conditions, providing the basis for further studies into the pathophysiological processes arising from cadmium accumulation in pancreatic islets.
Ordinary Magic: Resilience in Development

I. Introduction and Conceptual Overview 1. Introduction 2. Models of Resilience II. Studies of Individual Resilience 3. Resilience in a Community Sample: The Project Competence Longitudinal Study 4. Overcoming Disadvantage and Economic Crisis: Homeless Children 5. Mass Trauma and Extreme Adversities: Resilience in War, Terrorism, and Disaster III. Adaptive Systems in Resilience 6. The Short List and Implicated Protective Systems 7. The Neurobiology of Resilience 8. Resilience in the Context of Families 9. Resilience in the Context of Schools 10. Resilience in the Context of Culture IV. Moving Forward: Implications for Action and Future Research 11. A Resilience Framework for Action 12. Conclusions and Future Directions Appendix A. Glossary Appendix B. Abbreviations Appendix C. Recommended Readings by Topic
Human term placental villi in explant tissue culture

Abstract The syncytial trophoblastic lining of human term placental villi was observed to have undergone breakdown within a few days after this tissue was placed in explant culture in a chick plasma clot. This behavior is attributed to the presence of a proteolytic enzyme(s). The possible role of this enzyme(s) in a normal pregnancy is discussed.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious children: From evidence to practice

Background Anxiety is the most common mental health problem in children, yet less than one third of children with anxiety disorders seek treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is recommended as a first-line treatment for childhood anxiety. However, current practice generally does not include CBT due to issues of feasibility, affordability, and transportability. Aims The primary purpose of this review was to appraise current literature regarding the effectiveness of individual CBT for childhood anxiety. Secondary purposes were to identify reasons for the discrepancy between current evidence and practice as well as to offer suggestions to overcome this dilemma. Methods A systematic review of the literature published between 2007 and 2012 was conducted, searching four databases—Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Findings In all 10 studies reviewed, individual CBT significantly reduced rates of anxiety diagnoses when compared with controls, and was equally effective or superior to comparison therapies. The only exception was when CBT was compared to a combination of CBT and pharmacological management, in which case the latter was more effective. Linking Evidence to Action Each study included in this review employed hour-long sessions over a minimum of 12 visits. In order to meet clinical demands and patient preferences, affordability, and feasibility of CBT interventions must be addressed. A brief, manualized CBT program that can be supported to be clinically effective is proposed as an evidence-based solution for anxious children in outpatient mental health and primary care settings.
Bruce Alberts, Science's New Editor

Highlights from Alberts9s life as a citizen-scientist make it clear that he is well prepared to lead the journal.
Hiding Media Data via Shaders: Enabling Private Sharing in the Clouds

In the era of Cloud and Social Networks, mobile devices exhibit much more powerful abilities for big media data storage and sharing. However, many users are still reluctant to share/store their data via clouds due to the potential leakage of confidential or private information. Although some cloud services provide storage encryption and access protection, privacy risks are still high since the protection is not always adequately conducted from end-to-end. Most customers are aware of the danger of letting data control out of their hands, e.g., Storing them to YouTube, Flickr, Facebook, Google+. Because of substantial practical and business needs, existing cloud services are restricted to the desired formats, e.g., Video and photo, without allowing arbitrary encrypted data. In this paper, we propose a format-compliant end-to-end privacy-preserving scheme for media sharing/storage issues with considerations for big data, clouds, and mobility. To realize efficient encryption for big media data, we jointly achieve format-compliant, compression-independent and correlation-preserving via multi-channel chained solutions under the guideline of Markov cipher. The encryption and decryption process is integrated into an image/video filter via GPU Shader for display-to-display full encryption. The proposed scheme makes big media data sharing/storage safer and easier in the clouds.
The SWIRM domain: a conserved module found in chromosomal proteins points to novel chromatin-modifying activities.

Background Eukaryotic chromosomal components, especially histones, are subject to a wide array of covalent modifications and catalytic reorganization. These modifications have an important role in the regulation of chromatin structure and are mediated by large multisubunit complexes that contain modular proteins with several conserved catalytic and noncatalytic adaptor domains.
Regional hepatic therapies: an important component in the management of colorectal cancer liver metastases

The treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) has evolved significantly in the last 15 years. Currently, complete surgical resection remains the only potentially curative option; unfortunately, approximately 80% of patients with CRLM are not candidates for complete tumor resection. For patients with unresectable CRLM the available treatment options were historically limited; however, the development of regional hepatic therapies (RHT) and improvement of systemic chemotherapeutic regimens have emerged as viable options to improve overall survival and quality of life for this group of patients. The selection, sequence and integration of interventions into a multi-modal approach is a complex and evolving discipline. In this article, the currently available RHT modalities for CRLM are presented as a guide to the options for clinical treatment decisions.
An analytic method for calculating current sharing in emitter-coupled bipolar transistors

This paper describes an analytic method for calculating current sharing in emitter coupled bipolar transistors. We use a simplified Ebers-Moll transistor model to approximate current sharing by first ignoring the terminal resistances. We then derive an analytic equation to compensate the collector currents in order to include the effect of terminal resistances. The model is accurate for a wide range of device parameters. Our method has applications in emitter-coupled logic functional verification and timing simulation where current sharing in emitter-coupled transistors must be calculated. >
From Phantoms to Prostheses

Colombia, a country at war for over fifty years, has one of the highest rates of landmine injuries in the world. For decades, landmine victims have remained outside the nation’s popular consciousness. Today, landmines and rehabilitative medicine profoundly shape public life. This article shows how the seemingly mundane activity of walking becomes a strangely familiar experience among amputees and an increasingly technical one among medical practitioners in Colombian rehab units. It’s worth noting that when patients and medical staff discussed how they or their patients learned how to walk using prostheses, they also often talked about their experiences with phantom limbs. As subjective as bodily sensations are I argue that they are nonetheless implicated in social relations of power and political and economic change. Within rehab medicine, clinicians frequently see phantoms as part of a patient’s healing process and sometimes worry that failing to experience the amputated limb as a felt presence makes recovery more difficult. Without a missing object, there is no object to desire, they presume. Rather than treat phantom limb sensation as a kind of psychosis, this essay explores how the Colombian medical establishment talks about rehabilitation with prostheses as a form of social, physical, and psychological integration . I also show how patients, meanwhile, experience a kind of ambivalence—marked by oscillating feelings of strangeness and naturalness—regarding limb loss and the prostheses they use to manage it. Keywords: phantom sensation, limb loss, rehabilitation, Colombia, war
Vocational-Technical Programs: Follow-up of Students with Learning Disabilities:

Recent research has examined the role of vocational-technical training in facilitating the transition from school to work of adolescents with learning disabilities. The present study provided 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up data on such students who had attended vocational-technical programs. Matched groups of students without disabilities from vocational-technical programs, as well as randomly selected students without disabilities from regular high schools, were also included for comparisons. Results of the study raised several questions about the value and purpose of vocational-technical training for adolescents with learning disabilities.
Effective SIMD vectorization for intel Xeon Phi coprocessors

Efficiently exploiting SIMD vector units is one of the most important aspects in achieving high performance of the application code running on Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. In this paper, we present several effective SIMD vectorization techniques such as less-than-full-vector loop vectorization, Intel MIC specific alignment optimization, and small matrix transpose/multiplication 2D vectorization implemented in the IntelC/C++ and Fortran production compilers for Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. A set of workloads from several application domains is employed to conduct the performance study of our SIMD vectorization techniques. The performance results show that we achieved up to 12.5x performance gain on the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor. We also demonstrate a 2000x performance speedup from the seamless integration of SIMD vectorization and parallelization.
Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Actions and Modulation of Neuroendocrine Neurons by a New Hypothalamic Peptide, Hypocretin/Orexin

A new orexigenic peptide called hypocretin (orexin) has recently been described in neurons of the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area. The medial and lateral hypothalamus have been loosely called satiety and feeding centers of the brain, respectively. Approximately one-third of all medial and lateral hypothalamic neurons tested, but not hippocampal neurons, show a striking nanomolar sensitivity to hypocretin. As studied with calcium digital imaging with fura-2, hypocretin raises cytoplasmic calcium via a mechanism based on G-protein enhancement of calcium influx through plasma membrane channels. The peptide has a potent effect at both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors. Most synaptic activity in hypothalamic circuits is attributable to axonal release of GABA or glutamate. With whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we show that hypocretin, acting directly at axon terminals, can increase the release of each of these amino acid transmitters. Two hypocretin peptides, hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2, are coded by a single gene; neurons that respond to one peptide also respond to the other. In addition to its effect on feeding, we find that this peptide also regulates the synaptic activity of physiologically identified neuroendocrine neurons studied in hypothalamic slices containing the arcuate nucleus, suggesting a second function of hypocretin in hormone regulation. The widespread distribution of hypocretin axons, coupled with the strong response to the peptide at both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, suggests that the peptide probably modulates a variety of hypothalamic regulatory systems and could regulate the axonal input to these regions presynaptically.
Intensional verbs in event semantics

In Attitude Problems, I gave an account of opacity in the complement of intensional transitive verbs that combined neo-Davidsonian event-semantics with a hidden-indexical account of substitution failure. In this paper, I extend the account to clausal verbs.
Segregated solution technique for simulating the transient operation of heat pipes

Simulating the transient operation of fully thawed heat pipes involves solving a highly nonlinear homogeneous two-phase flow problem, which necessitates the development of a stable and efficient numerical technique. In this work, various segregated numerical techniques are implemented, and their accuracy and computation time requirement are examined using experimental data of a water heat pipe. Best results are obtained using an iterative SIMPLEC-type segregated solution technique (HPTAM-Revised), which includes two internal iterative steps to resolve the pressure-velocity coupling and reduce the linearization errors of the kinetic theory relationship and equations of state. While all solution techniques examined performed the same in terms of accuracy, the HPTAM-Revised is 90 times faster than the basic noniterative SIMPLE-type approach in terms of CPU time. Also, using the iterative SIS solver, instead of the banded Gauss-elimination solver, for the discretized energy and momentum equations resulted in ...
Ketorolac for the Treatment of Severe Pain in Critically-Ill Children. • 286

Ketorolac (KT) is a parenteral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. We studied the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) KT, compared to IV morphine (MS) in critically-ill children.
TIGRFAMs and Genome Properties in 2013

TIGRFAMs, available online at http://www.jcvi.org/tigrfams is a database of protein family definitions. Each entry features a seed alignment of trusted representative sequences, a hidden Markov model (HMM) built from that alignment, cutoff scores that let automated annotation pipelines decide which proteins are members, and annotations for transfer onto member proteins. Most TIGRFAMs models are designated equivalog, meaning they assign a specific name to proteins conserved in function from a common ancestral sequence. Models describing more functionally heterogeneous families are designated subfamily or domain, and assign less specific but more widely applicable annotations. The Genome Properties database, available at http://www.jcvi.org/genome-properties, specifies how computed evidence, including TIGRFAMs HMM results, should be used to judge whether an enzymatic pathway, a protein complex or another type of molecular subsystem is encoded in a genome. TIGRFAMs and Genome Properties content are developed in concert because subsystems reconstruction for large numbers of genomes guides selection of seed alignment sequences and cutoff values during protein family construction. Both databases specialize heavily in bacterial and archaeal subsystems. At present, 4284 models appear in TIGRFAMs, while 628 systems are described by Genome Properties. Content derives both from subsystem discovery work and from biocuration of the scientific literature.
Characterization and tissue expression of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818) ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5 (UCHL5) cDNA

The ubiquitin-proteasome cycle is a complex, non-lysosomal biochemical process for intracellular protein degradation. This process involves many enzymes. One enzyme involved in this process is ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5 (UCHL5), which deubiquitylates the polyubiquitin chain into ubiquitin. In this report, we isolated, sequenced, and characterized the channel catfish UCHL5 cDNA. The complete nucleic acid sequence of the channel catfish UCHL5 cDNA is comprised of 1,357 nucleotides, including an open reading frame, which appears to encode a putative peptide of 329 amino acid residues. The estimated molecular mass and pI of this peptide are 37.6 kDa and 4.84 at pH 7.0, respectively. The degree of conservation of the channel catfish UCHL5 amino acid sequence in comparison to other species ranged from 85% (vs. mouse) to 92% (vs. zebrafish and spotted green pufferfish). The channel catfish UCHL5 transcript was detected by RT-PCR in spleen, head kidney, liver, intestine, skin and gill, suggesting the UCHL5 transcript is constitutively expressed. This research provides important information for further elucidating UCHL5 in the channel catfish ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Behavioral Factors Affecting Ethnic Mortality by Cause

This article examines ethnic differences in total and cause-specific mortality. We employ the linked National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index (NHIS-NDI) to examine ethnic differences in mortalityfrom a combination of demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristic perspectives. Wefind that Asian American mortality is low in part because of healthy behaviors and socioeconomic advantages; that Caucasian American mortality is higher partly because of high prevalence and quantity of cigarette smoking; and that Mexican, Native, and African American mortality is higher partly from socioeconomic disadvantages. These results give us added insight into the demographic, social, and health mechanisms that lead us to persevere or to perish. Most mortality research has focused on how demographic characteristics - age, sex, and ethnicity - affect total and cause-specific mortality. But to properly conceptualize the multiple and interacting proximate determinants of mortality by ethnicity, researchers must extend the traditional demographic framework of mortality analysis to a more complete, though more complex, multivariate model that also incorporates social characteristics - marital status, education, and income (see Mosley & Chen 1984; Rosenwaike 1988). Moreover, health behaviors have cultural dimensions and therefore can also affect ethnic differences in mortality. A new file, the linked National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index (NHIS-NDI), allows us to disentangle some of the effects of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral health characteristics on ethnic differences in total and cause-specific mortality.
Prototype Quantitative Assay for Fibrinogen/Fibrin Degradation Products: Clinical Evaluation

• A new quantitative assay for fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDPs) was clinically evaluated in 123 tertiary-care patients for whom the standard semiquantitative FDP assay had previously been ordered. On the basis of a comprehensive chart review, 24 patients were categorized as having disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 84 were considered not to have had DIC, ten had fibrinolysis (nine of ten streptokinase induced), and five had a complicated coagulopathy whose exact nature could not be determined. The quantitative and semiquantitative FDP values were significantly correlated. However, the FDP level indicative of DIC was lower by the quantitative assay than by the semiquantitative assay, approximately 18 mg/L vs 40 mg/L, respectively. The advantages of the quantitative over the semiquantitative assay included improved precision and ability to closely monitor changes in the severity of the coagulopathy. (Arch Intern Med1987;147:1790-1793)
Groups of typeF a,b,−c

For integersa, b andc, the groupF a,b,−c is defined to be the group 〈R, S : R 2=RS aRSbRS−c=1〉. In this paper we identify certain subgroups of the group of affine linear transformations of finite fields of orderp n (for certainp andn) as groups of typeF a,b,−c for certain (not unique) choices ofa, b andc.
Recombination processes and lifetime measurements in silicon photovoltaics

Abstract Recombination lifetime is one of the critical parameters in the search for cost-competitive photovoltaic technologies. Each technology has specific materials issues with respect to the role of recombination lifetime in the potential success of that technology. The dominant commercial technology for low-cost deployment of photovoltaics is currently based on various growth methods of bulk silicon. For low-cost terrestrial applications, the objective is to compromise efficiency while maximizing the efficiency-to-cost ratio. A frequent and cost-efficient tactic is to develop low-cost silicon purification and gettering processes, assessing the effectiveness of the latter by lifetime measurements. The recombination mechanism that affects low-cost silicon photovoltaics is the impurity-related Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) process, and SRH-impurity removal is of primary concern. Here, I will present some results from a photovoltaic device model that links a theoretical efficiency to a given range of recombination lifetimes. Specialized measurement techniques are needed to get meaningful information about recombination lifetimes for these low-cost materials. Described here is a contactless photoconductive decay measurement system that has proven to be successful for most of these materials. Experimental results on a range of low-cost silicon alternatives will be presented.
New ecological and physiological dimensions of beech bark disease development in aftermath forests

The ecology of northeastern North American forests is significantly altered by the effects of beech bark disease (BBD) on American beech (Fagus grandifolia). The conventional understanding is that BBD involves two native pathogenic fungi, Neonectria ditissima and N. faginata, which are preceded by Cryptococcus fagisuga, a non-native, invasive scale insect. Described in the early 20th century, this model of disease development describes the sequence of insect colonization at the expanding front of this invasive disease complex but lacks supporting data in long-affected (aftermath) forests. A clearer understanding of factors governing BBD development in aftermath forests is needed to develop sound, targeted management strategies. We established a case-control study to determine how Neonectria infections and C. fagisuga infestations are driven by nutritional, physiological, and entomological factors of the previous year. Findings suggest that N. ditissima infection is predisposed by the native scale insect Xylococculus betulae and low bark levels of phosphorus and the phenolic isorhamnetin while C. fagisuga and low bark levels of phosphorus and the phenolic catechin predispose trees to N. faginata infection. C. fagisuga population growth was best predicted by insect density the previous year, but was variously correlated with bark chemistry factors. We conclude that the classic BBD development model does not adequately predict disease development in aftermath forests of New York, and propose separate modified models for N. ditissima and N. faginata that include distinct abiotic and biotic factors. An improved understanding of the ecological interactions among the organisms involved and the physiological basis of infection have implications for future disease development and resistance biomarkers. We suggest that BBD management in aftermath forests should avoid single-factor strategies in favor of multi-factor approaches targeting specific pathosystems.
Out of passivity: potential role of OFDI in IFDI-based learning trajectory

This study discusses how outward foreign direct investment (FDI) can complement the inward FDI-based technological capability-building process, through an analysis of the Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation case. When a firm is upgrading its technological capability, outward FDI can allow learners to have access to human-embedded skills and knowledge and other intellectual assets that are hardly accessible through the inward globalization strategy. Access to a wide range of external resources is a critical ingredient for improving technological capability, and it can also promote self-learning capability by encouraging subsequent learning-by-doing practices. Accordingly, outward FDI can augment "active" nature in the "passive" learning mode created by the inward globalization strategy. Copyright 2013 The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.
Feminism: What is it Good For? Feminine Norms and Objectification as the Link between Feminist Identity and Clinically Relevant Outcomes

The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between feminism and clinical outcomes, such as eating attitudes, depression, and self-esteem, employing structural equation modeling to look at indirect relationships. This study examined female participants’ (N = 282) responses to an online survey measuring feminist self-identification, conformity to feminine norms, objectified body consciousness, eating attitudes, depression, and self-esteem. Participants were recruited on two college campuses and through online listservs. Feminist self-identification was related to rejecting the feminine norms of thinness, appearance, and the importance of romantic relationships. Endorsing these norms was related to increased body surveillance and shame. Objectification variables were related to negative clinical outcomes. Thus, feminism is a distal, rather than proximal, influence on clinical variables.