cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathological role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in charcot neuroarthropathy.

This study was designed to characterize the synovium in the joints of Charcot neuroarthropathy (CNA) and investigate the potential role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the pathology of CNA. Synovial samples were collected from CNA patients (n = 7) and non-CNA patients (n = 7), for control, during orthopaedic procedures and used for histology and isolation of FLS. Histological characterization of synovium included innervation and FLS localization. The isolated FLS from the CNA and non-CNA synovium were cultured, with or without tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), for evaluation of invasiveness, gene expression, and cartilage degradation. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide, was supplemented into the co-cultures of FLS and cartilage explants. Compared with the non-CNA synovium, CNA synovium was highly inflammatory, with reduced innervation and intense expression of cadherin-11. The FLS isolated from CNA synovium, particularly when activated with TNF-α, were more invasive, increased the expression of ADAMTS4, IL-6, and RANKL, and depleted proteoglycans from cartilage explants when they were co-cultured. Addition of VIP into the culture medium neutralized the catabolic effect of the CNA FLS on cartilage explants. In conclusion, FLS plays an important role in the pathology of CNA. Therapies targeting synovium and FLS may prevent or treat the joint destruction in CNA.
DOES MONEY BUY HAPPINESS? A LOOK AT GEN Y COLLEGE STUDENT BELIEFS

This paper examines whal college sludents today aspire to achieve after graduation and what goals and job characteristics they believe are associated with happiness. A random sample of 154 undergraduates from a mid-Atlantic liberal arts university voluntarily completed a confidential 140-item questionnaire, including a ranking of post-gmdualion life goals and preferred job characteristics. Analyses revealed thai college students overall do not associate financial security, material things. or a job with high salary and benefits with happiness. Instead. having an "interesting" or "challenging" job is positively related 10 being happy. Significant differences by gender and between members of fraternities/sororities and "independents" are noted. Conclusions and implications of Ihese data are discussed.
Light variations of Periodic Comet Halley beyond 7 AU

The present examination of brightness data on the Periodic Comet Halley over the October 1982-February 1984 period, for evidence concerning nucleus rotation period and projected cross section area, notes variations of up to 5:1 in intrinsic brightness. Application of a period-determination technique has failed to yield a clear choice for the true rotation period among a large number of peaks in the spectrum, some of which virtually coincide with the sun's rotation period and its submultiples. It is found that rotation periods longer than about 1 day are the most likely; it is suggested that the observed light curve is a composition of periodic and erratic variations.
Moving Seeds, at Many Scales

Cousens, Roger, Calvin Dytham, and Richard Law. 2008. Dispersal in plants: a population perspective. Oxford University Press, New York. x + 221 p. $140.00 (cloth), ISBN: 978-0-19-929911-9; $70.00 (paper), ISBN: 978-0-19-929912-6.
Understanding tissue specific compositions of bioenergy feedstocks through hyperspectral Raman imaging

Hyperspectral Raman imaging was used to study the tissue/cell type specific distribution of lignin and cellulose polymers within the plant cell walls. Distinct differences in cell wall compositions were identified between two potential bioenergy feedstocks: corn stover and Eucalyptus globulus. Characteristic bands of 627, 1,175, 1,206, and 1,428 cm were only observed for corn stover and 1,381 cm was only present in E. globulus. One-dimensional and two-dimensional chemical maps of lignin and cellulose were generated for the stem of corn stover, ranging from the epidermis to the pith area and revealed that lignin and cellulose abundance varies significantly among different cell types in the following order: sclerenchyma cells and tracheids (~5 times) > epidermal cells (~3 times) > bundle sheath cells > parenchyma cells. The Raman mapping methods developed on corn stover were also validated on E. globulus and clearly highlighted their difference in lignin composition.
Prospective assessment of the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-melanoma questionnaire

BACKGROUND. The authors previously developed a melanoma-specific module for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-Melanoma), a tool for the assessment of quality of life (QOL) in patients with melanoma. The reliability and validity of the FACT-Melanoma was examined in this study. METHODS. Patients with melanoma (N = 273; stages I-IV) completed a battery of questionnaires at the time of enrollment. The validity of the instrument was examined by comparing FACT-Melanoma scores with performance status, disease stage, treatment status, and other scales, including the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Melanoma Module, the Profile of Mood States, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Patients were assessed after 1 week to assess test-retest reliability and at 3 months to determine the sensitivity of the instrument to change in performance status. RESULTS. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability (r) of the melanoma subscale (Cronbach α = .85; r = .81) and the total FACT-Melanoma (α = .95; r = .90) were excellent. Overall, the scales were correlated with other measures, as anticipated. Total FACT-Melanoma scores, along with scores for physical well-being, emotional well-being, functional well-being, and melanoma-specific scales, were lower for patients with advanced (stage III/IV) melanoma, poor performance status, and patients who were receiving active treatment. The FACT-Melanoma total score and the score for physical well-being were sensitive to changes in performance status (P = .0012 and P = .004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS. The results of the current study indicated that the FACT-Melanoma questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for patients with melanoma that can be used for the assessment of QOL in clinical trials. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Stochastic Viscoelastic Delamination Onset Failure Analysis of Composites

The previously formulated deterministic viscoelastic quadratic time de pendent delamination onset criterion is generalized to complete three-dimensional stochastic environments. The analysis includes stochastic processes due to combined ran dom loads and random delamination failure stresses as well as random anisotropic vis coelastic material properties including the influence of stochastic temperature fields, mois ture contents and boundary conditions. It is shown that times for delamination onset occurrences in composites can be predicted probabilistically depending on any one or all of the above conditions. Illustrative examples are presented showing the relationship in terms of parametric variations between times to delamination and corresponding probabil ities that such events will occur. Since uniaxial tension, compression and shear vis coelastic delamination failure stresses decrease in time, the loading history is of significant importance. For cases where deterministic criteria predict no delamin...
TRANSIENT THERMOVTSCOELASTIC RESPONSES: STABILITY AND ACCURACY OF FINITE-ELEMENT SOLUTIONS

This paper is concerned with the stability and accuracy of finite-element analyses of transient thermoviscoelasticity subjected to irreversible thermodynamic processes. The study includes the use of an incremental free energy that incorporates internal state variables in terms of a discretized generalized Maxwell model. Numerical integration is then performed, with past histories being updated in each discretized time step. The effects of thermomechanical coupling, internal dissipation, boundary conditions, and various temporal operators are studied with respect to spectral radii, phase errors, numerical damping, etc. A stability criterion predicted by spectral radii for combined equations of motion and heat conduction confirms the consequent numerical results for transient response according to the estimated degree of stability. Stable solutions generally lead to convergence to the exact solution, but with lower rates of convergence than those of linear-uncoupled equations. For simplicity, the numerical ...
Simultaneous/multiple Cause-delay (simcad): An Epidemiological Approach to Projecting Mortality

Methods being used to project mortality are based on the hypothetical elimination of one or more diseases from the population or on extrapolation from observed mortality rates. This research presents an alternative projection method based on an epidemiological theory of aging and mortality change that is consistent with recent mortality transitions. The model is founded on the observation that recent mortality declines in the United States are attributable to improved life styles and advances in the prevention and treatment of degenerative diseases and that the risk of dying from such diseases is being redistributed (or delayed) from younger to older ages. A test using U.S. mortality and population data indicates that this alternative method is promising--particularly for projecting mortality rates from major chronic degenerative diseases among populations in middle and older ages. Results of the methodologys application to data for white U.S. women from 1960 to 1978 are given and results for other race and sex groups are discussed. (EXCERPT)
Reactions of phenyldiazene and ring-substituted phenyldiazenes with ferrihemoglobin

Two simultaneous reactions take place between ferrihemoglobin and phenyldiazene in the absence of excess ferricyanide or of oxygen, namely the reduction of ferrihemoglobin to ferrohemoglobin and the binding of an exogenous ligand by ferrihemoglobin to form a compound with the optical spectrum of a ferrihemochrome. In the presence of excess ferricyanide, only the formation of a ferrihemochrome is observed. This compound differs from the ferrihemochrome induced by salicylate or by benzoate with respect to optical spectrum, concentration of inducer, and stability. One phenyl group is bound per heme, probably as phenyldiazene. Phenyl groups are also bound to globin, but phenyldiazene does not react anaerobically with thiols. Each ring-substituted isomer of methylphenyldiazene or bromophenyldiazene yields a different ferrihemochrome spectrum with ferrihemoglobin in the presence of ferricyanide. Only reduction of ferrihemoglobin occurs with 2- or 4-diazenylbenzoic acid in the absence of excess ferricyanide, but partial formation of ferrihemochrome occurs with 4-diazenylbenzoic acid in excess ferricyanide. The ability of an aryldiazene to bind quantitatively to ferrihemoglobin parallels the ability of the corresponding arylhydrazine to induce in vivo hemolysis.
32P and beta emitting radionuclides in microbiology and cell biology.

Microbiology and cell biology researchers make extensive use of beta emitting nuclides. Because of the short half-lives or difficulty of direct measurement some researchers do not view radionuclide use with proper care and respect. Radionuclide use in microbiology and cell biology research is unique, Review of the isotopes and processes may be useful to the health physicist and researcher alike.
Can a/ distributions in the lung be recovered from inert gas retention data?☆

It has been suggested that the true distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios can be determined from measurements made during the excretion of six different inert gases. This report shows that a number of considerably different distribution patterns will yield the same retention data, even in the absence of analytical error. Therefore, although analysis of inert gas retention data will allow one to arrive at a VA/Q distribution, it will not necessarily be the correct distribution.
CHEMOSTERILIZATION AND ITS PERMANENCY IN MOSQUITOES.

THE use of sexual sterilization as an instrument for insect control has received increasing attention in recent years. Perhaps the most significant aspect of the progress in this field is the effective evaluation in the laboratory of chemosterilants on a broad spectrum of insects. The mosquito can be affected by these compounds either in the larval or adult stages1. Although Aedes aegypti (L.) can be sterilized in the larval stage by ‘Apholate’, the competitiveness of the resulting males or the effectiveness of their sperm is sub-normal2. However, males sterilized by ‘Apholate’ as adults are highly competitive3. The possibility that the permanency of sterility might also be dependent on the stage receiving treatment has been investigated and the results are presented herein along with further findings on effective dosages and methods of application.
Inhibition of intestinal amino acid transport by hexoses

Abstract 1. 1. Studies are presented which indicate that the intestinal transport of some amino acids may be inhibited in vitro by the presence of galactose or fructose in the medium. Intestinal slices from rats fed 30% galactose or fructose show a defect in the intestinal transport of certain amino acids. Fructose-fed, like galactose-fed rats, develop an aminoaciduria. 2. 2. In the presence of galactose, inhibition of the transport of neutral amino acids (alanine, valine, glycine) and hydroxyproline was noted. Studies on slices from galactose-fed rats were similar except that hydroxyproline transport was not impaired. In the presence of fructose, alanine and glycine transport was inhibited, but in the slices from fructose-fed animals only alanine transport was depressed. Kinetic studies revealed that the inhibition of alanine transport by galactose was non-competitive. A defect in the transport of basic amino acids or phenylalanine could not be demonstrated. 3. 3. ATP levels were measured in intestinal slices incubated in the presence of sugars and in the intestinal slices from rats fed galactose or fructose. No direct quantitative relationship was found between changes in intestinal ATP levels and alterations in amino acid transport. 4. 4. Galactose 1-phosphate accumulated in intestinal slices incubated in the presence of galactose and was also present in the intestine of galactose-fed rats. The possible role of the accumulation of this metabolite in the inhibition of amino acid transport by galactose remains to be determined. 5. 5. It is suggested that in galactosemia and hereditary fructose intolerance a similar defect in the intestinal transport of certain amino acids may also occur.
Flow-focusing regimes for accelerated production of monodisperse drug-loadable microbubbles toward clinical-scale applications

Ultrasound imaging often calls for the injection of contrast agents, micron-sized bubbles which echo strongly in blood and help distinguish vascularized tissue. Such microbubbles are also being augmented for targeted drug delivery and gene therapy, by the addition of surface receptors and therapeutic payloads. Unfortunately, conventional production methods yield a polydisperse population, whose nonuniform resonance and drug-loading are less than ideal. An alternative technique, microfluidic flow-focusing, is able to produce highly monodisperse microbubbles with stabilizing lipid membranes and drug-carrying oil layers. However, the published 1 kHz production rate for these uniform drug bubbles is very low compared to conventional methods, and must be improved before clinical use can be practical. In this study, flow-focusing production of oil-layered lipid microbubbles was tested up to 300 kHz, with coalescence suppressed by high lipid concentrations or inclusion of Pluronic F68 surfactant in the lipid solution. The transition between geometry-controlled and dripping production regimes was analysed, and production scaling was found to be continuous, with a power trend of exponent ~5/12 similar to literature. Unlike prior studies with this trend, however, scaling curves here were found to be pressure-dependent, particularly at lower pressure-flow equilibria (e.g. <15 psi). Adjustments in oil flow rate were observed to have a similar effect, akin to a pressure change of 1–3 psi. This analysis and characterization of high-speed dual-layer bubble generation will enable more-predictive production control, at rates practical for in vivo or clinical use.
Oval Designs in Desarguesian Projective Planes

Given any projective plane \Pi of even order q containing a hyperoval \cOv, a Steiner 2- ({{q}\choose{2}},\frac{q}{2},1) design can be constructed. The 2-rank of this design is bounded above by { rank}_2(\Pi)-q-1. Using a result of Blokhuis and Moorhouse bm94, we show that this bound is met when\Pi is desarguesian and \cOv is regular. We also show that the block graph of the Steiner 2-design in this case produces a Hadamard design which is such that the binary code of the associated 3-design contains a copy of the first-order Reed-Muller code of length 2^{2m}, where q=2^m.
Synchronization of Spontaneous Calcium Release Waves Among Myocytes in Intact Heart Determines the Magnitude of Delayed Afterdepolarizations and Triggered Activity

Intracellular Ca waves occur as the result of spontaneous Ca release (SCR) during Ca overload. Ca waves activate Na-Ca exchange, causing delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) which can achieve threshold and produce triggered extrasystoles. It is not known how these single cell events depolarize enough myocytes in intact heart to produce a triggered beat. We combined experimental observations with computer simulations to explain how SCR synchronization among myocytes brings a critical tissue mass to threshold. Confocal microscopy was used to measure SCR waves in groups of myocytes in the LV epicardium of rat hearts loaded with fluo-4AM. Contraction was abolished with cytochalasin-D and blebbistatin. Raising extracellular [Ca] and rapid pacing protocols were used to increase sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca load and induce Ca waves. As Ca load increased, the number of myocytes giving waves increased. Both the wave latency and the variability (SD) of wave latency decreased with increasing Ca load. Similar results were obtained in isolated rat ventricular myocytes, indicating that the reduction in latency interval and variability represent intrinsic properties of SR release in Ca overload. Computer simulations demonstrate that decreasing wave latency and variability determine the rate and magnitude of increased cytoplasmic [Ca] and therefore determine the timing and magnitude of the DAD. The synchrony of SCR waves among myocytes therefore determines the likelihood of achieving threshold and producing a triggered beat. These results demonstrate that intrinsic properties of SR Ca release are responsible for Ca wave synchronization during Ca overload, causing DADs to reach threshold and produce triggered arrhythmias.
Liquid chromatographic assay for a glucose tetrasaccharide, a putative biomarker for the diagnosis of Pompe disease

A HPLC method associated with butyl-p-aminobenzoate derivatization has been developed for the analysis of a tetraglucose oligomer, Glcalpha1-6Glcalpha1-4Glcalpha1-4Glc, designated Glc(4), in biological fluids. This tetraglucose, normally excreted in the urine, has previously been shown to be elevated in a number of pathological conditions including Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II), which is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. Concentrations of Glc(4) in both urine and plasma were established for the age ranges of 20 years, both in normal individuals and in a cohort of 21 patients with enzymatically confirmed Pompe disease. The Glc(4) concentration decreased with age in both groups, but all the patients had elevated Glc(4) levels compared with age-matched controls. Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was employed to establish the homogeneity of the HPLC peak for Glc(4) and to investigate the identity of other unusual oligosaccharides excreted in patient urine. Our results demonstrate that this method is suitable for application in clinical laboratories to help establish the diagnosis of Pompe disease.
Scent and Alchemy: The Paperback

The Secret of Scent by Luca Turin is an ethereal excursion into the world of perfumes and the science of smell. The lyrical and tantalizing descriptions will leave the reader with an enhanced appreciation of the most enigmatic of our senses. If there is a secret revealed, it is that the recognizable odor features of complex perfumes are simple and may be caused by a single type of molecule. Turin claims that odor quality is determined by infrared vibrations despite overwhelming evidence that chemical functional groups and shape determine odor. The vibration theory of olfaction is a kind of alchemy where commonplace waves are transmuted into exotic odors. Despite its transcendent appeal, the vibration theory of olfaction has no scientific basis. Isotope substitution in odor stimuli has practically no effect on odor. If vibrations determined odor, isotope substitution would evoke odor differences as large as the differences between colors of the rainbow. The mechanism of frequency analysis proposed by Turin—inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy—is erroneous because free electrons have no natural occurrence in biology. Turin can be appreciated for his art of perfumery, but his “science” of smell is contrary to facts and basic scientific principles.
LEVEL OF ABSTRACTION IN THE WRITTEN COMPOSITIONS OF CHILDREN VARYING IN INTELLIGENCE AND AGE.

Written compositions were obtained from 48 children assigned to three IQ groups. Compositions were scored for definiteness of style according to several of the Flesch criteria. Two of the Flesch criteria, definite words and Formula R, were associated with MA and IQ; further, definite words and Formula R distinguished compositions written by a superior group of children from those written by normal and retarded children, that is, the high IQ group used more general referents, in terms of the Flesch criteria, than the middle- and low-IQ groups. Increases in age were not associated with increases in stylistic generality for the age range sampled. A six-category profile of definite words, reduced according to word function from 16, was analyzed separately.
Neonatal sucking as an outcome variable: Comparison of quantitative and clinical assessments

A quantitative neonatal sucking measure and a clinical neonatal sucking measure were significantly related to one another, but only the quantitative measure was significantly related to prenatal alcohol and nicotine exposure. The clinical measure did not provide adequate precision to warrant its recommendation as an outcome variable at moderate exposure levels.
A provenance study of mineral matter in coal from Appalachian Basin coal mining regions and implications regarding the respirable health of underground coal workers: A geochemical and Nd isotope investigation

Abstract This study presents geochemical data produced from the analysis of coal and adjacent rock samples retrieved from coal mining regions in the U.S. to examine mineral matter provenance. Study sites included the Northern Appalachian Basin, where the units of interest were the Lower Kittanning Coal bed, the overlying Columbiana Shale, and the underlying paleosol (Allegheny Formation). Additional study sites were located in the Central Appalachian Basin, where sampling was conducted on strata associated with multiple coal beds of Middle and Lower Pennsylvanian age. The Central Appalachian Basin rock and coal samples were much lower in overall mineral matter and contained very little carbonate (calcite and siderite) or pyrite mineralogy, which was common at the Northern Appalachian Basin sites. Elemental analysis of rock samples indicated a trend of enrichment in Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, and K cations in the immediate overburden compared to the underlying rock in the Central Appalachian Basin. A similar trend was observed in coal related strata from the Northern Appalachian Basin which was attributed to epigenetic marine incursions. Rare earth element (REE) concentrations were determined in the samples, and showed Eu and Ce anomalies when normalized by chondritic values. The total REE content of the overburden is generally less than that of the underlying rock units. Neodymium isotopic analysis of the Lower Kittanning coal, overburden, and paleosol from the Northern Basin indicate partial resetting of the Sm–Nd system close to the time of deposition. The data indicate a common Appalachian source for the clastic mineral matter in the overburden, underclay, and coal mineral matter. The geochemical findings of this study may provide a viable method for distinguishing respirable dust sources in both Appalachian Basins. There are potential applications for this research to aid in the respiratory health of underground coal miners.
SU-FF-T-271: Measurement Validation of Attenuation Values of Proton Facility Shielding Materials

Purpose: Strategies for design and shielding methods vary considerably with proton facilities. Material chosen for shielding is balance of effectiveness and cost. For space‐restricted environments, high‐density materials are desirable. Shielding calculations, whether analytical or statistical rely, on the neutron attenuations properties of chosen materials. The purpose of this study was to measure and calculate attenuation of various materials to be used for shielding. Methods and Materials: We acquired samples of the actual materials to be used to shield neutrons for our new facility. The original calculations relied on analytical methods and classically accepted values for neutron attenuation. Planned materials include: standard concrete (SC)∼136lb/ft3, high‐density concrete (HDC)∼250lb/ft3, Hematite mix (HM), steel (S), and borated polyethylene (BP). For the measurements, we used a 5Ci plutonium‐beryllium (239PuBe) neutron source (1″ in diameter and 5″ in length) with an energy spectrum ranging up to 11MeV. A Bonner‐sphere spectrometer was used for neutron measurements. The material samples were configured in a manner to allow measurements through various paths. A Fortran code was used to reconstruct the neutron spectrum and calculate the neutron dose equivalent. Results: Transmission curves were generated to yield TVL values, which were compared to those used in our analytical calculations. Measured TVL (cm) for the SC, HDC, HM, S, and BP were 55.9, 55.1, 63.1, 35.6, 60.6, respectively. The TVL (cm) used for the calculations were 85.6, 52.4, 32.9 respectively for SC, HDC, and S. Conclusions: Measured TVL values matched analytical calculations very closely, with the exception of standard concrete. The measurements performed in this study assisted in better understanding of attenuation properties of each material and increased our comfort level pre‐construction. As expenditures in the range of millions of dollars were about to be spent, the question of material choices, and the validity of the actual material mix were alleviated.
Developmental regulation of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1C mRNA and receptor levels

We investigated the regulation of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1C receptors and their corresponding mRNAs during rat brain development. This study showed that 5-HT2 and 5-HT1C, receptors increased markedly during ontogeny. 5-HT2 receptors, measured with [3H]ketanserin or [125I]lysergic acid diethylamide binding, increased 8-fold between embryonic day 17 (E17) and postnatal day 13 (P13). 5-HT2 receptor mRNA levels, quantified by probing Northern blots of total RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide cDNA probe, multiplied 13-fold between E17 and P5. The developmental pattern of 5-HT2 receptor and mRNA expression appeared to correlate with the serotonergic hyperinnervation of the cortex which occurs between P2 and P17. 5-HT1C receptors, measured with [125I]lysergic acid diethylamide under site-specific conditions, increased 2-fold between E17 and P27. 5-HT1C mRNA increased 5-fold between E17 and P27. Interestingly, the developmentally induced variations in 5-HT1C receptors did not precisely correlate with mRNA alterations. Further study of the factors responsible for these alterations could help to explain the molecular and biochemical mechanisms responsible for modulating receptor levels in vivo.
Serum Cholesterol in Pentolinium -Treated Arterial Hypertension

Serum lipids were serially determined in 11 patients receiving pentolinium therapy to evaluate changes secondary to blood pressure effects. Substantial reduction in total Cholesterol was observed, which in some cases was independent of the hypotensive effect of the drug. Fat absorption, studied in 6 patients, revealed diminished postprandial lipemia in each as compared to placebo determinations. However, few patients showed appreciable weight change during a year of therapy. The evidence suggests that the serum lipid changes secondary to pentolinium administration are due to a qualitative change in fat absorption.
Metallization and Electrical Conductivity of Hydrogen in Jupiter

Electrical conductivities of molecular hydrogen in Jupiter were calculated by scaling electrical conductivities measured at shock pressures in the range of 10 to 180 gigapascals (0.1 to 1.8 megabars) and temperatures to 4000 kelvin, representative of conditions inside Jupiter. Jupiter's magnetic field is caused by convective dynamo motion of electrically conducting fluid hydrogen. The data imply that Jupiter should become metallic at 140 gigapascals in the fluid, and the electrical conductivity in the jovian molecular envelope at pressures up to metallization is about an order of magnitude larger than expected previously. The large magnetic field is produced in the molecular envelope closer to the surface than previously thought.
Prevention of Reperfusion Injury Following Cardioplegic Arrest by Pulsatile Flow

To assess the efficacy of pulsatile flow in minimizing reperfusion injury following cardioplegic arrest, 20 dogs supported by cardiopulmonary bypass underwent 60 minutes of hypothermic, hyperkalemic crystalloid cardioplegic arrest. The effects of pulsatile flow (Group 2), initiated during 30 minutes of reperfusion, on myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) stores, coronary blood flow, and myocardial water content were compared with the effects of linear flow reperfusion (Group 1). Myocardial ATP stores were maintained at preischemic levels by this mode of myocardial protection. However, pulsatile flow prevented the significant decline in ATP levels incurred during linear reperfusion. Creatine phosphate stores, although depleted during arrest, were restored equally, regardless of the mode of reperfusion. The decline in ATP stores was associated with no pathological increase in myocardial water content, but was associated with persistent reactive hyperemia. In contrast, after 30 minutes of pulsatile reperfusion, coronary blood flow was significantly decreased compared with preischemic flow. These data indicate that pulsatile reperfusion can prevent the unique decline in ATP levels associated with the restoration of coronary flow after cardioplegic arrest (reperfusion injury), and support its continuing evaluation as an adjunct to adequate intraoperative myocardial protection.
Group versus Individual Instruction for Teaching Daily Living Skills to Students with Severe Handicaps.

The relative effectiveness of group and individual instruction formats for teaching daily living skills to students with severe handicaps was examined through an initial study (n = 23 students) and a replication (n = 47 students). The replication study also examined the acceptability of the group instruction procedures from the perspective of the participating teachers. Students were selected for participation who represented the range of students present in the classroom sites, including those students whom teachers identified as too difficult to teach in a group situation.Factorial repeated measures analysis of variance designs were used in both studies. Results indicated that there were no significant differences between the group and individual instruction formats for the four tasks targeted in the first study. These findings were replicated for the two tasks targeted in the second study. Virtually all of the teachers participating in the replication study reported the group instruction procedures to ...
Strain-sensitive elastic scattering from cylinders.

Morphology-dependent resonance features are observed in the elastic-scattering spectra of 125-μm-diameter cylinders (optical fibers) as a function of wavelength. The positions of the resonances are strain sensitive and can be tuned in a controlled manner by the application of strain with a piezoelectric transducer. The measured wavelength shifts yield a linear slope of 0.14 nm/mstrain, in good agreement with calculated shifts based on published data for the elastic moduli and the strain-optic coefficients for fused quartz. This demonstrates a new miniature optical strain-sensor technique capable of microstrain sensitivity at a single point.
Nodular lymphoma. Clinicopathologic correlations of parafollicular small lymphocytes and degree of nodularity

One hundred thirty-four cases of Stages III and IV nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, subclassified according to the criteria of Rappaport, were assessed for parafollicular small lymphocytes and vascular prominence and degree of nodularity. Statistically significant correlations with survival were found for the groups in the Rappaport classification but not for groups based on the amount of parafollicular small lymphocytes or vascular prominence (PSL grading). In the subgroup of patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, a significant difference in survival time was found between those with pure nodular patterns and those with 25--60% diffuse areas.
Role of marrow stromal cells in the establishment of a transformed lymphoblastic B-cell line from a normal human subject.

Abstract A monoclonal human B-lymphoblastoid cell line (UTMB-460) arose spontaneously from the bone marrow of a normal healthy woman who was seropositive for an EB-virus infection. Chromosomally, the UTMB-460 cells are near tetraploid, with a specific translocation (8;9) (p11.2; p24), and have surface IgMk. The UTMB-460 cells are resistant to killing in vitro by spontaneous and rIFNα2 and rIL-2 stimulated NK cells from the patient and other normal subjects, but are killed by lymphokine activated killer cells. The index patient has not developed leukemia/lymphoma during the follow-up interval of 22 months. The growth of UTMB-460 cells is supported by undefined growth factors in FCS and by BCGF in the absence of FCS. rIL-2 stimulates DNA synthesis by UTMB-460 cells. The UTMB-460 cells were adherent to the normal MSC in the primary culture and show specific heterotypic adherence to normal MSC when compared to skin fibroblasts. In addition, 6/6 normal marrow stromal cells and 4/6 normal skin fibroblasts induced growth of colonies from UTMB-460 cells. These data suggest that MSC interacted with the transformed cells (UTMB-460) in vitro and played a critical role in the establishment of the UTMB-460 cell line.
Profiles of choice: Parents’ patterns of priority in child care decision-making

Abstract Responding adequately to parental priorities for child care is important for shaping children’s early experiences and development, and for facilitating parenting at the nexus of work and caregiving roles. Although much research on child care choice has relied on variable-centered approaches that treat parental priorities as distinct and isolated, this article aims to understand parents’ care choices from a person-centered, holistic perspective. Using data from the National Household Education Survey of Early Childhood Program Participation of 2005 (n = 4570), we conduct latent class and multinomial logistic regression analyses, identifying four empirically and substantively distinctive classes of parents based on their scores on seven indicators of child care priority. Class 1 parents (35%) rank all seven indicators as very important. Class 2 parents (18%) prioritize practicality factors. Class 3 parents (9%) do not, on average, rank any of the indicators as highly important. Class 4 parents (37%) emphasize learning and quality-focused factors. Class membership is associated with child’s age, race/ethnicity, and parent respondent’s gender, age, employment status, and socio-economic status. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, parents in the learning-focused class are more likely to choose center-based cares whereas practicality-focused parents prefer home-based relative or non-relative care arrangements.
Impact of a thrombolysis research trial on time to treatment for acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department

Because time to treatment in AMI is a critical factor in long-term outcome, it is important that complex trials designed to improve reperfusion therapy do not delay the time to treatment. Participation in the TIMI 5 trial did not significantly prolong our door-to-needle time. These results indicate that, if done carefully, complex, labor-intensive studies can be performed within a reasonable time limit. Care should be taken to design protocols incorporating easy drug preparation, informed consent by the ED, and efficiency of trial initiation.
A model for two-phase turbulent mixing in a jet bubble column

Mixing behavior of the two phase air-water turbulent flow in a jet bubble column is examined. The time evolution of the mixing behavior of a liquid tracer in a turbulent air-water flow within a jet bubble column is predicted using a model based on the fundamental governing equations of fluid motion. The predictions of the model are compared with experimental measurements. Measured residence time distributions (RTD) of the liquid tracer within the cone agree well with the predicted values given by the model. For the range of parameters considered in the study, lack of radial mixing and large axial mixing are evident within the cone of the jet bubble column. Use of fundamental mathematical models for the study of hydrodynamics in a two-phase conventional bubble column has been reported earlier (Torvik, 1990; Jakobsen et al., 1993). The present paper extends the use of such models to predict the mixing characteristics in a jet bubble column. On a examine le melange d'un ecoulement diphasique turbulent air-eau. L'evolution temporelle du melange d'un traceur liquide dans un ecoulement air-eau turbulent dans une colonne a bulles a jet est predite a l'aide d'un modele base sur les equations de mouvement du fluide. Les predictions du modele sont comparees aux mesures experimentales. Les distributions de temps de sejour (RTD) mesurees du traceur liquide dans le cǒne concordent bien avec les valeurs predites donnees par le modele. Pour la gamme de parametres consideres dans l'etude, l'absence de melange radial et l'importance du melange axial sont evidents dans le cǒne de la colonne a bulles a jet. L'utilisation de modeles mathematiques pour l'etude de l'hydrodynamique dans une colonne classique diphasique a ete mentionnee anterieurement (Torvik, 1990; Jakobsten et al., 1993). Le present article etend l'utilisation de ces modeles pour la prediction des caracteristiques de tnelange dans une colonne a bulles a jet.
Effects of Parenteral Nutrition on Whole Body and Extremity Composition in Children and Adolescents with Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The effect of parenteral nutrition (PN), combined with corticosteroid therapy, on body composition was evaluated in 22 pediatric patients with active and complicated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of PN. Group A consisted of 14 patients who received PN for an average of 43 days (short term) whereas eight patients received PN for an average of 104 days (long term); group B. Nutritional assessments were performed before and following the PN periods. In addition, a follow-up assessment was performed 50 days after the cessation of PN for group A. Serial evaluations included; weight, height, disease activity score, arm anthropometry, subscapular skinfold (SSSF) thickness, 24-hr urinary creatinine, and computed tomography (CT) scan of the thigh. Following PN with a glucose-fat mixture used as a nonprotein energy source, there were significant (p less than 0.05) increases in weight, SSSF, and muscle mass (MM) in both groups. Disease activity declined in both groups and height increased in group B and at the follow-up assessment for group A. Considering extremity composition, both groups exhibited increases in midarm muscle area, midarm fat area, thigh muscle area, and thigh fat area. However, a differential distribution of incremental change was observed depending on the duration of PN. Fat deposition predominated in both the upper and lower extremities for group A. Group B patients, however, although showing a predominance of fat accumulation in the upper extremities, gained muscle and fat components equally in the lower extremities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transonic solutions for a multielement airfoil using the full-potential equations

Transonic flow solutions are obtained over a multielement airfoil (augmentor-wing) using the full-potential equation. Solutions obtained for a subcritical case and a strong shock case show good quantitative agreement with experiment in regions not dominated by viscous effects. In those regions where viscous effects are dominant, the results are still in good qualitative agreement. For the strong shock case, Mach number and angle-of-attack corrections were necessary to match experimental coefficient of lift. Typical results from the transonic augmentor-wing Potential Code on the Cray-1S computer require about 10 sec of CPU time for a three-order-of-magnitude drop in the maximum residual. The speed with which solutions can be generated, and the associated low cost, will make this code a practical tool for the design aerodynamicist.
Anger about crime and support for punitive criminal justice policies

Previous research on the sources of punitive attitudes has largely focused on the cognitive and demographic factors associated with the desire to punish criminals harshly. This study focuses on the link between affect and punitiveness by examining the relationship between anger about crime and support for punitive criminal penalties. Using national survey data from the USA, this research shows that anger about crime is a significant predictor of punitive attitudes, after controlling for other factors such as racial prejudice, fear of crime, causal attributions for criminal behavior, and political ideology. The findings indicate the need for more research on the relationship between emotions and punitiveness.
Diode characterization in a coaxial mount

A previously presented technique for experimentally characterizing packaged microwave diodes mounted in a coaxial test fixture is investigated. It is demonstrated that the fields surrounding the diode and the calibration packages are adequately developed to provide an accurate diode equivalent circuit model for use in computer-aided design. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using game theory for perceptual tuned rate control algorithm in video coding

This paper proposes a game theoretical rate control technique for video compression. Using a cooperative gaming approach, which has been utilized in several branches of natural and social sciences because of its enormous potential for solving constrained optimization problems, we propose a dual-level scheme to optimize the perceptual quality while guaranteeing “fairness” in bit allocation among macroblocks. At the frame level, the algorithm allocates target bits to frames based on their coding complexity. At the macroblock level, the algorithm distributes bits to macroblocks by defining a bargaining game. Macroblocks play cooperatively to compete for shares of resources (bits) to optimize their quantization scales while considering the Human Visual System’s perceptual property. Since the whole frame is an entity perceived by viewers, macroblocks compete cooperatively under a global objective of achieving the best quality with the given bit constraint. The major advantage of the proposed approach is that the cooperative game leads to an optimal and fair bit allocation strategy based on the Nash Bargaining Solution. Another advantage is that it allows multi-objective optimization with multiple decision makers (macroblocks). The simulation results testify the algorithm’s ability to achieve accurate bit rate with good perceptual quality, and to maintain a stable buffer level.
Preventing multi-query attack in location-based services

Despite increasing popularity, Location-based Services (LBS) (e.g., searching nearby points-of-interest on map) on mobile handheld devices have been subject to major privacy concerns for users. The existing third-party privacy protection methods hide the exact location of users from service providers by sending cloaking regions (CR) that contain several other user locations in the vicinity. However, this has not ensured LBS full immunity from the privacy concerns. In this paper, we describe a serious privacy problem of LBS called multi-query attack. In this attack, the exact location of the service requester can be inferred by the adversary through obtaining cloaking regions that are shrunk or extended in subsequent queries. This problem can be addressed by judiciously retaining, over a period of time, the cloaking regions for the same set of users. Most methods in the literature are weakened for considering only a static snapshot of users during evaluation. Thus, any update due to user movements in real time becomes very costly. Our proposed approach, ANNC (Adaptive Nearest Neighborhood Cloaking) ,emphasizes developing disjoint sets of users dynamically over time in order to share the common CRs. The CRs are organized in balanced binary trees with restricted height. Thus ANNC achieves the balance between search efficiency and quality of cloaking with higher anonymity levels. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that ANNC will be more efficient in practice than other well-known approaches.
A case study of magnetic gradient tensor invariants applied to the UXO problem

Summary: Data were gathered at the Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Tensor Magnetic Gradiometer System (TMGS) for the detection of buried unexploded ordnance (UXO). After a rigorous reduction of the TMGS data, the magnetic gradient tensor was calculated. From the gradient tensor values, the tensor invariants were determined. By comparison of known target locations and Very Early Time Electromagnetic (VETEM) data to the mapped invariants, it was found that the invariants do an excellent job delineating UXO targets and that their correctly positioned unipolar characteristic make them easier to compare to electromagnetic (EM) results than total field magnetic measurements.