cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating revenues from offshore wind-storage systems: The importance of advanced battery models

Abstract We investigate six different lithium-ion battery modeling approaches to highlight the importance of accurately representing batteries in decision tools. Advanced mixed-integer-linear battery models account for efficiencies as a function of the discharge power, power-limits as a function of the state-of-charge, along with degradation, which are usually not accounted for in power systems models. The revenue potential from offshore wind paired with battery systems is then examined using the more advanced representation where degradation is the sum of the capacity fades resulting from calendar- and cycle-aging. The impacts of variability of offshore wind output along with energy- and capacity-market prices are evaluated using publicly available data from 2010 to 2013 using NYISO as a test case. For 2013, results highlight that without accurate battery representations, models can overestimate battery revenues by up to 35%, resulting primarily from degradation-tied costs. Advanced dispatch algorithms that account for calendar- and cycle-aging of the battery can help operate the battery more efficiently. Locating the battery onshore yields higher revenues and with wider useable SOC windows, it is possible to monetize higher arbitrage opportunities, which can compensate for any additional degradation-tied costs. The added value of a MWh of energy storage varies from $2 to $4.5 per MWh of wind energy, which leads to a breakeven cost range of $50–115 per kWh for the battery systems. As such, energy- and capacity-market revenues were found to be insufficient in recovering the investment costs of current battery systems for the applications considered in this analysis.
SQUIDs and Transition-Edge Sensors

In 1988, I begin as a graduate student in Blas Cabrera’s group at Stanford University. I was drawn by the group’s focus on fundamental physics questions using a sensitive new type of detector: the superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES). However, these sensors had important flaws. They were unstable, they were slow, and they could not be made to work in arrays. I describe the discovery as a graduate student that the Josephson Junction, and the SQUID amplifier it enables, changes all of that. This discovery has led to generations of science with dark matter detectors, x-ray spectrometers, and cosmic microwave background experiments.
Rates of Reoperation in 10 114 Patients with Epiretinal Membranes Treated by Vitrectomy with or without Inner Limiting Membrane Peeling.

Purpose To compare rates of reoperation in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) who received pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and to assess trends in the overall use of ILM peeling over time. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants Patients included in the IBM Marketscan database between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2016, who underwent surgery for idiopathic ERM. Methods Procedure claims with laterality codes were used to determine patients with idiopathic ERM who received PPV with or without ILM peel between 2008 and 2016, and to identify cases of reoperation and subsequent retinal detachment within 1 year of index surgery. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was rate of reoperation for recurrent ERM according to whether or not patients receive an ILM peel during their index ERM surgery. We also assessed trends for index ERM surgery (ILM peel or no ILM peel) between 2008 and 2016, and the risk of developing retinal detachment within 1 year of the index ERM surgery. Results A total of 10 114 patients received ERM surgery and met inclusion criteria (5310 without ILM peel and 4804 with ILM peel). The reoperation rate was significantly lower among patients who received PPV with ILM peel (0.88%) compared with patients without ILM peel (1.48%; P = 0.007). In 2008, PPV without ILM peel represented 70% of ERM procedures, but PPV with ILM peeling accounted for 52% and 70% of ERM procedures in 2013 (P Conclusions The increasing use of PPV with ILM peeling to address ERM removal is associated with significantly reduced reoperation rates within 1 year. Future studies are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of performing an ILM peel for initial idiopathic ERM repairs and evaluate long-term visual and structural changes related to ILM peeling.
Renegotiation-proof contracting, disclosure, and incentives for efficient investment

Abstract Disclosure by firms would seem to reduce investment inefficiency by reducing informational asymmetry. However, the impact of disclosure is endogenous and depends on incentives within the firm. Given optimal renegotiation-proof contracts, disclosing only accepted contracts does not solve the Myers–Majluf problem. What solves the problem is having either full transparency of all compensation negotiations or, more reasonably, additional forward-looking announcements. The model is robust to renegotiation in equilibrium, the order of moves, and moral hazard. The analysis illuminates disclosure regulation: forward-looking disclosure is beneficial when the manager's contract is optimal and induces truth-telling.
A little love for case reports? Tips to enhance acceptance to publication.

Peer-reviewed case reports (CRs) have been a common study design published in the medical literature since the time of Hippocrates [1]. Although CRs are considered to be the lowest level of evidenc...
Emotion regulation and cooperation

Classic accounts of the evolution of human cooperation conceive emotions as automatic and uncontrollable impulses toward prosocial behavior. I argue that this view of emotion is incorrect, but that...
Flannery O’Connor’s “The Displaced Person” and the Legacy of Lynching

Flannery O’Connor’s “The Displaced Person” is her longest short story, but it stands out in other ways. For one thing, it bumps up against the legal framework of Jim Crow—in the form of anti-misceg...
Combining Aesthetic Septorhinoplasty With Bioabsorbable Implants for Nasal Valve Insufficiency

This case report demonstrates the usage of a bioabsorbable nasal implant (BNI) in conjunction with an aesthetic septorhinoplasty. The authors uniquely chose to use this allograft due to inadequate ...
Concentration of Seeded and Naturally Occurring Enteroviruses from Waters of Varying Quality by Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration

A semi-automated hollow fiber ultrafiltration system was used to concentrate viruses from tap water, river water and treated and untreated wastewater. Samples were dehydrated by filtration through an asymmetric polysulfone hollow fiber module with a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 D. Retained solute was recovered from the filter by backwashing with water, buffer and other solutions. One hundred liters of tap water seeded with poliovirus type 2 Sabin were processed in 161 ± 22 minutes (average flux 1.2 ± 0.1 × 10−3 cm/sec). Retained virus was recovered from the filter by backwashing with 150 ml of 0.05 M glycine, pH 10.0, which was further reduced to about 10 ml by the organic flocculation technique. Average recovery of 60 plaque-forming units (PFU) of poliovirus from 100 1 of tapwater was 148 ± 10%. Hudson River water (100 1 with an average turbidity of 3.2 NTU) was processed in 218 ± 34 minutes (average flux 0.8 ± 0.2 × 10−3 cm/sec). Recovery of 114 PFU of poliovirus seeded into 99 1 of river water was 35%. No natural virus was recovered from unseeded river water. Naturally occurring viruses, tentatively identified as echovirus type 14, coxsackie virus type A9 and coxsackie virus types B2-B5, were isolated from concentrates qf treated and untreated wastewater (average fluxes 0.58 × 10−3 and 0.46 × 10−3 cm/sec, respectively).
Vascular Gene Transfer of the Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase: Characterization of Activity and Effects on Myointimal Hyperplasia

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to decrease myointimal hyperplasia in injured blood vessels. We hypothesize inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene transfer even at low efficiency will provide adequate local NO production to achieve this goal. A retroviral vector containing the human iNOS cDNA (DFGiNOS) was used to transfer the iNOS gene into vascular cells and isolated blood vessels to answer the following questions: can vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells support iNOS activity and will low efficiency iNOS gene transfer suppress myointimal hyperplasia in injured porcine arteries? DFGiNOS-infected sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (SPAEC) expressed significant iNOS mRNA and protein, releasing nitrite levels of 155.0 ± 10.7 nmol/mg protein/24 h vs. 5.5 ± 1.1 by control cells. Transduced rat smooth muscle cells (RSMC) also expressed abundant iNOS mRNA and protein, but, in contrast to SPAEC, NO synthesis was dependent on exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) (291.8 ± 10.4 nmol nitrite/mg protein/24 hr with BH4, 37.7 ± 2.6 without BH4). Only porcine arteries infected with DFGiNOS following balloon injury exhibited a 3-fold increase in total NO synthesis and a 15-fold increase in cGMP levels over control vessels in a BH4 dependent fashion, despite only a 1% gene transfer efficiency. Transfer of iNOS completely prevented the 53% increase in myointimal thickness induced by balloon catheter injury; the administration of a NOS inhibitor reversed this effect. These in vitro findings suggest that vascular iNOS gene transfer may be feasible. Furthermore, a low gene transfer efficiency may be sufficient to inhibit myointimal hyperplasia following arterial balloon injury, although a source of BH4 may be required.
Controversies in the Management of Isolated Congenital Atrioventricular Block

Congenital atrioventricular block (CAVB) affects approximately 2% of fetuses of mothers with anti-Ro or anti-La antibodies, regardless of maternal rheumatologic symptoms. Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies are antinuclear antibodies commonly found in autoimmune diseases. Congenital atrioventricular block is associated with a relatively high fetal morbidity and mortality, particularly more advanced degrees of block. There is significant controversy surrounding surveillance of anti-Ro/La-positive pregnancies and treatment of fetuses diagnosed with CAVB. Studies of dexamethasone in the treatment of CAVB have yielded conflicting results, with most suggesting only a limited potential benefit in first- and seconddegree CAVB and in cases complicated by fetal hydrops. Larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of CAVB and of intravenous immunoglobulin and hydroxychloroquine in the prevention of CAVB in fetuses of at-risk mothers. Surveillance and treatment regimens should be determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the degree of CAVB, costs, and potential adverse effects of treatment.
Theories of Small Groups: Interdisciplinary Perspectives.

Preface - Marshall Scott Poole 1. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Small Groups - Marshall Scott Poole, Andrea B. Hollingshead, Joseph McGrath, Richard Moreland, John Rohrbaugh 2. A Look at Groups from the Functional Perspective - Andrea B. Hollingshead, Gwen M. Wittenbaum, Paul B. Paulus, Randy Y. Hirokawa, Deborah G. Ancona, Randall S. Peterson, Karen A. Jehn, Kay Yoon 3. Psychodynamic Perspectives on Small Groups - Poppy L. McLeod, Richard Kettner-Polley 4. The Social Identity Perspective on Small Groups - Dominic Abrams, Michael A. Hogg, Steve Hinkle, Sabine Otten 5. Conflict, Power, and Status in Groups - Michael Lovaglia, Elizabeth A. Mannix, Charles D. Samuelson, Jane Sell, Rick K. Wilson 6. The Symbolic-Interpretive Perspective of Group Life - Larry Frey, Sunwolf 7. Understanding Groups From a Feminist Perspective - Renee Meyers, Jennifer L. Berdahl, Dale Brashers, Jennifer R. Considine, Janice R. Kelly, Celia Moore, Jennifer L. Peterson, Jennifer R. Spoor 8. The Network Perspective on Small Groups: Theory and Research - Nancy Katz, David Lazer, Holly Arrow, Noshir Contractor 9. Traces, Trajectories, and Timing: The Temporal Perspective on Groups - Holly Arrow, Kelly Bouas Henry, Marshall Scott Poole, Susan Wheelan, Richard Moreland 10. Small Groups From an Evolutionary Perspective - Linnda Caporael, David Sloan Wilson, Charlotte Hemelrijk, Kennon M. Sheldon 11. Touchstones: A Framework for Comparing Premises of Nine Integrative Perspectives on Groups - Janet Fulk, Joseph E. McGrath
Gender Differences in Interest and Knowledge Acquisition: The United States, Taiwan, and Japan.

The relationship between interest and knowledge was investigated in a representative sample of 11th grade students from cultures that differ in the strength of their gender-role stereotypes and their endorsement of effort-based versus interest-based learning. Among 11th graders from the United States (N = 1052), Taiwan (N = 1475), and Japan (N = 1119), boys preferred science, math, and sports, whereas girls preferred language arts, music, and art. General information scores were comparable across the three locations; however, boys consistently outscored girls. Gender and interest in science independently predicted general information scores, whereas gender and interest in math independently predicted mathematics scores. Cultural variations in the strength of the relationship between gender, interest, and scores indicate that specific socialization practices can minimize or exaggerate these gender differences.
Observable consequences of trading structure differences: On the use of variance ratios in microstructure studies

This paper examines the variance ratio tests in studies of transitory volatility and concludes that the variance ratio is an appropriate test of trading structure differences only under certain assumptions regarding the evolution of underlying stock prices and the autocorrelation structure of returns. This result raises caution as to the interpretation of results bases upon the 24-hour variance ratio methodologies in studies of transitory volatility and trading structure effects. A numerical example indicates that errors in inferences can be severe.
DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN AMERICA: EFFECTS OF SOURCE OF INCOME, INFLATION, AND COST OF LIVING DIFFERENTIALS

This study focuses on four aspects of theinequality of average household income amongthe American states. First, we document changein the inequality of nominal average householdincome between 1979 and 1990. Second, weidentify states contributing to the observedinequality. Third, we examine the pattern instate income convergence-divergence whenspatial and temporal state price differentialsare accounted for. Fourth, we provide estimatesof impacts of alternative income components onincome inequality. We find that inequality inreal income is smaller than that in nominalincome. Also, we conclude that traditionalincome measures that exclude transfer paymentsand other types of income overstateinequality.
A prospective comparative study of five measures of gluten-free diet adherence in adults with coeliac disease

Summary Background Increasing numbers of individuals are now being diagnosed with coeliac disease. The only accepted treatment for coeliac disease is lifelong adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Individuals’ ability to adhere to the GFD varies, but systematic studies guiding the assessment of adherence are currently lacking. Aim We sought to compare the predictive value of self-report and four serologic tests compared to expert nutritionist evaluation. Methods In all, 154 individual adults with biopsy-proven coeliac disease rated their adherence to the GFD on a Likert scale. Serum antibody titres of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase, and IgA and IgG anti-deamidated gliadin peptides were determined. Using anova and ROC analyses, results were compared to a standardized evaluation by an expert nutritionist blinded to the participants’ self-rated adherence and serology results. Results All serologic measures as well as participant reported adherence were significantly associated with GFD adherence as assessed by expert nutritionist evaluation. However, on ROC analysis no measure performed satisfactorily. The performance of serologic testing, but not self-report, improved with increased time on the GFD. Conclusion Although current serologic tests have very high sensitivities and specificities for the diagnosis of coeliac disease, they cannot replace trained nutritionist evaluation in the assessment of GFD adherence.
Genomics of Pathogenic Vibrio Species

Members of the heterotrophic bacterial family Vibrionaceae are native inhabitants of aquatic environments worldwide, constituting a diverse and abundant component of marine microbial organisms. Over 60 species of the genus Vibrio have been identified (Thompson et al., 2004) and their phenotypic heterogeneity is well documented. The ecology of the genus remains less well understood, however, despite reports that vibrios are the dominant microorganisms inhabiting the superficial water layer and colonizing the chitinous exoskeleton of zooplankton (e.g., copepods, Thompson et al., 2004). Although some species were originally isolated from seawater as free living organisms, most were isolated in association with marine life such as bivalves, fish, eels, or shrimp.
Teaching More Than The Discipline: Modeling Leadership In The Classroom

The educational process in higher education is much more than just the presentation of a discipline to a group of learners. Leaders in higher education are responsible to students to conduct themselves as educational leaders. Sensible leadership depends upon a variety of factors such as flexible behavior; an ability to identify specific behaviors needed at a particular time, and the ability to incorporate such behaviors at the appropriate time (Wilcox, 1997). A basic understanding of the supervisory behavioral continuum is important to the development of effective leadership skills. The continuum, adapted for use in the educational process, includes ten specific behaviors: listening, clarifying, encouraging, reflecting, presenting, problem-solving, negotiating, directing, standardizing, and reinforcing. Each behavior is clustered into the subgroups of directive, directive informational, collaborative, and nondirective. To be an effective leader one must have the ability to engage in all aspects of this continuum. To be effective in the college or university classroom, the instructor must have the knowledge about knowing when, why, and with whom to engage. Although one may have a preference or supervisory philosophy which indicates a personal preference to supervision and instruction, an understanding of the supervisory continuum is fundamental to the overall success of passing the role of leadership on to the next generation of learners.
Endogenously Produced IL-4 Nonredundantly Stimulates CD8+ T Cell Proliferation

T cell proliferation and survival are regulated by the cytokine receptor common γ-chain-associated cytokines IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15, while IL-4, another γ-chain-associated cytokine, is thought to primarily affect T cell quality rather than quantity. In contrast, our experiments reveal that endogenously produced IL-4 is a direct, nonredundant, and potent stimulator of CD8 + T cell proliferation in Ag- and pathogen-induced CD8 + T cell responses. These stimulatory effects of IL-4 are observed in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and activate both naive and memory/activated phenotype CD8 + T cells, although the former are stimulated less than are the latter. IL-4 effects are IL-7- and IL-15-independent, but MHC class I-dependent stimulation appears to be required for the mitogenic effect of IL-4 on naive phenotype CD8 + T cells. Thus, endogenously produced IL-4 is an important regulator of quantitative as well as qualitative aspects of T cell immunity.
Impact of a Mentoring Experience on College Students’ Beliefs about Early Childhood Development

With the increasing demands placed on working families and the push downward of academics from the K-12 system, there is a critical need to provide high-quality early childhood programming for our nation’s children, particularly those considered at risk for academic failure. This study attempts to (a) understand the beliefs of college students about early childhood development and developmentally appropriate practices, and (b) determine if these beliefs change after their yearlong involvement in Jumpstart, a national intensive mentoring program for academically at-risk preschoolers. Surveys from this national program investigated college students’ beliefs about early childhood development and developmentally appropriate practices. Results indicate that a yearlong mentoring program positively impacts college students’ beliefs. These beliefs become less skills-based more and child-centered and constructivist.
Separation performance of asymmetric membranes based on PEGDa/PEI semi-interpenetrating polymer network in pure and binary gas mixtures of CO2, N2 and CH4

Abstract Asymmetric membranes of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) were prepared with commercial poly (ether imide) (ULTEM ® ) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDa) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). The selectivity and permeance of pure and mixed gases using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) feed concentrations of 10–40% in nitrogen (N 2 ) or methane (CH 4 ) were measured by the constant pressure and variable volume method at an absolute feed pressure of 1.35 MPa and 22 °C. The pure gas selectivity matched the mixed gas selectivity values at different feed concentrations, which indicated absence of plasticization. The fugacity based CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of a semi-IPN with 6% PEGDa solids content reached 50 ± 4, which is comparable to the pure gas selectivity of a dense PEGDa film ( α = 54) and is significantly higher than the dense film selectivity of PEI ( α = 28). The selectivity for CO 2 /CH 4 mixtures is 43 ± 10, comparable to the dense film properties of PEI ( α = 39) and not the dense film selectivity of PEGDa ( α = 20). The PEGDa/PEI semi-IPN membranes displayed synergistic properties, where the selectivity approached the higher value of the two materials used in making the semi-IPNs.
Local pulmonary immunotherapy with siRNA targeting TGFβ1 enhances antimicrobial capacity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected mice

In this study we demonstrate that it is possible to shift the immune system during a chronic infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TGFβ and IL10 cytokines inhibit the Th1 response during chronic pulmonary infection with M. tuberculosis. We show that intrapulmonary delivery of siRNA targeting TGFβ1 is able to reduce the pulmonary bacillary load in mice chronically infected with M. tuberculosis: an effect that appears to be partly dependent on IL10 expression. To demonstrate this, we induced gene silencing of tgfβ1 in the lungs of wild type and IL10 knockout mice using a non-invasive aerosolized intrapulmonary delivery of siRNA targeting TGFβ1. Five days after the last treatment with siRNA, the levels of tgfb1 transcripts and TGFβ1 protein were reduced when compared with control groups treated with RNase-free water or non-targeting siRNA. Mice treated with siRNA also had increased expression of the antimicrobial mediators (NO and iNOS) which effectively reduced the bacterial load by 0.17 and 0.47 log(10) in C57BL/6 and IL-10 KO mice respectively when compared with their respective control mice. More importantly, the bacterial load in siRNA treated IL-10 KO mice four weeks after the last treatment remained 0.32 log(10) lower than in control mice.
Genes for Adult-Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust in Soft Red Winter Wheat

ABSTRACT Host plant resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been the principal means of managing leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. The need for durable resistance has changed the focus from the use of seedling resistance to adult-plant resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis for adult-plant resistance and to determine the most effective method to identify adult-plant resistance genes Lr12, 13, and 34 among 116 contemporary soft red winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Adult-plant resistance was detected by inoculating flag leaves with a race that was virulent on seedlings. Approximately 90% of the lines expressed resistance under controlled conditions. It was postulated that the adult-plant resistance in 67 lines was due in part to either Lr12, 13, or 34; the adult-plant resistance detected in 17 lines was attributed to Lr12 based on a distinctive low infection type very similar to that on the isoline TcLr12; the adult-plant resistance in 27 lines was a...
Diffraction dissociation into high masses at N.A.L.-I.S.R. energies

Abstract The triple-pomeron picture of diffraction dissociation into high masses, combined with recent observations about the dominance of short-range correlations in multiparticle production at very high energies, implies that the cross section for diffractive dissociation into high masses rises approximately logarithmically in the NAL-ISR energy range. Predictions are also made about the multiplicity distribution of diffractively-produced particles.
Breaking the net : family structure and street-connected children in Zambia

Drawing on original fieldwork in the slums of Ndola in Northern Zambia the authors isolate those features of a child's nuclear and extended family that put most at risk of ending up on the streets. The authors find that older, male children and particularly orphaned children are more likely to wind up on the street. Families with a male household head who is in poor health are more likely to originate street-connected children. In contrast, households with surviving maternal grandparents or with a male head who has many sisters are significantly less likely to originate street-connected children.
In vitro analysis of mechanisms of balloon valvuloplasty of stenotic mitral valves.

Abstract Preliminary reports indicate that percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is efficacious for treatment of mitral stenosis. The present study was designed to evaluate whether anatomic features of stenotic mitral valves in older adults affect the efficacy of balloon valvuloplasty and to determine the mechanism by which increased orifice area is accomplished. Fifteen mitral valves excised intact at the time of mitral valve replacement from patients with no more than 2 +/ 4 + mitral regurgitation were selected for study. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed using a sequence of dilation catheters with balloons 18 to 25 mm in inflated diameter. Mitral valve area, measured with a conical valve sizer, increased from 0.71 ± 0.06 cm2 (mean ± standard error of the mean) to 1.77 ± 0.19 cm2 (p
Provenance and Depositional Environments of Middle Eocene Canoe Formation, Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas: ABSTRACT

The middle Eocene Canoe Formation contains the first sedimentologic evidence of local volcanism in the Big Bend region. Sediments comprising the formation's lower member, the Big Yellow Sandstone, were deposited by sandy braided streams which were scoured by ancient carbonate highlands and volcanic terranes to the west. The unit represents a continuation of the depositional styles and compositional trends recorded in the Paleocene and early Eocene strata of the region. In contrast, sediments comprising the upper, unnamed member of the Canoe Formation were deposited as a volcanic sediment apron on the fringes of the newly forming Chisos Mountains volcanic center. The sandstones (feldspathic litharenites and lithic arkoses) are dominated by volcanic rock fragments and, as s ch, document an abrupt change in depositional style and sediment composition brought about by the onset of local volcanism. A comparison of Canoe Formation and earlier Tertiary sediment compositions results in the delineation of distinct petrologic trends which record the tectonic evolution of the early Tertiary sediment source area. The Paleocene sediments of the area were derived primarily from ancient magmatic arcs in northeastern Mexico. With the onset of the Laramide orogeny in late Paleocene-early Eocene, a new source of sediment--newly uplifted carbonate highlands--was added. Local volcanism in the middle Eocene produced yet another source of sediment, lava flows, ash flow tuffs, and sand-size pyroclastic materials from the Chisos Mountain volcanic center. Rapid erosion of these materials produced volcanic sediment aprons such as the one described here. As regional volcanic activity increased, typic l Paleocene and early Eocene depositional styles may have been completely abandoned, especially in areas proximal to the volcanic centers. End_of_Article - Last_Page 521------------
Effect of tillage and residue management on enzyme activities in soils. I. Amidohydrolases

Recent interest in soil tillage and residue management has focused on low-input sustainable agriculture. In this study we investigated the effect of three tillage systems (no-till, chisel plow, and moldboard plow) and four residue placements (bare, normal, mulch, and double mulch) on the activities of four amidohydrolases (amidase, L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and urease) in soils from four replicated field-plots. Correlation coefficients (r) for linear regressions between the activities of each of the enzymes and organic C or pH and between all possible paired amidohydrolases were also calculated. The results showed that the effects of tillage and residue management on pH in the 28 surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were not significant. The organic C content, however, was affected significantly by the different tillage and residue-management practices studied, being the greatest in soils with notill/double mulch treatment, and the least with no-till/bare and moldboard/normal treatments. Within the same tillage system, mulch treatment resulted in greater organic C content compared with normal or bare treatment. The activities of the amidohydrolases studied were generally greater in mulch-treated plots than in non-treated plots, and were significantly correlated with organic C contents of soils, with r values ranging from 0.70*** to 0.90***. Linear regression analyses of enzyme activities on pH values (in 0.01 M CaCl2) of the 28 surface soils showed significant correlations for L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, and urease, with r values of 0.74***, 0.77***, and 0.72***, respectively, but not for amidase (r=0.24). The activities of the four amidohydrolases studied in the 40 soil samples tested were significantly intercorrelated, with r values ranging from 0.72*** to 0.92***. The activities of the four amidohydrolases decreased with increasing soil depth of the plow layer, and were accompanied by a decrease in organic C content.
STUTTERING AND HYPNOSIS.

Abstract Differences of opinion regarding the use of hypnosis in the treatment of stuttering are briefly reviewed. A viewpoint of stuttering is presented, suggesting how this behavior develops and becomes habitual. The requirements of an adequate program of stuttering therapy are listed with the hope that clinicians will be better able to evaluate where particular hypnotherapeutic techniques may be applicable. A plea is made for comprehensive, objective reporting of clinical experiences when hypnotherapy is used in a program of stuttering therapy.
Evaluation of Pathogenicity of Bipolaris and Curvularia spp. on Dwarf and Ultradwarf Bermudagrasses in Florida

Abstract Isolates of Curvularia lunata, C. geniculata, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, and B. cynodontis were tested for pathogenicity on the hybrid bermudagrass cultivars Tifdwarf, TifEagle, and FloraDwarf...
Fast gas chromatography : packed column solvating gas chromatography versus open tubular column gas chromatography

Abstract Packed capillary column solvating gas chromatography (SGC) and open tubular column gas chromatography (GC) were compared with respect to their potentials for fast separations. A recently introduced “universal” peak capacity equation was used to compare the performance of these two methods. The effects of various factors on peak capacity were investigated. Results demonstrate that retention factor and column efficiency are the main factors affecting peak capacity for fast separations. Packed columns produce both high retention factors and high selectivities. While high efficiencies and high peak capacities can be demonstrated by both techniques, open tubular column GC can surpass packed capillary column SGC in both measurements, except for the case of the analysis of simple mixtures in short analysis times, where retention factor and selectivity become important. Practical aspects such as pressure drop and sample capacity are compared for SGC and open tubular column GC. It was found that packed column SGC demonstrates higher sample capacities, but requires much higher column inlet pressures than open tubular column GC. A variety of mobile phases can be used for packed column SGC, which can provide high solvating power for large and polar compounds.
Solubility of four gas hydrate formers in water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions

Abstract Solubility data for CHCl 2 F(F-2l), CH 2 ClF(F-31), CH 3 Br, and CH 3 CClF 2 (F-142b) in water and NaCl solutions are presented for a range of temperatures, pressures, and salt concentrations. The apparatus and experimental procedure are discussed, and generalized methods of correlation are described. Heats of solution, obtained from the solubility data, are also presented.
Content Analysis of Scientific Writings

(1970). Content Analysis of Scientific Writings. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 193-206.
Brief synopsis of the utility of MMPI short forms

Provided a brief synopsis of the utility of MMPI short forms with psychiatric, medical and normal samples. Strengths and limitations of each MMPI short form were discussed.
XANES study of hydrogen incorporation in a Pd-capped Nb thin film

X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements were used to probe the H-charging-induced electronic structure changes of a 2400 \AA{} Nb film capped with Pd. These results are discussed in terms of ab initio linear augmented plane-wave (LAPW) band-structure calculations for this material. The $\mathrm{P}\mathrm{d}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{3}$-edge XANES clearly manifested the spectral ($\mathrm{P}\mathrm{d}\ensuremath{-}d$ state related) changes expected for Pd-hydride formation, a white line feature degradation, and the appearance of a Pd-H antibonding feature at 6 eV above the threshold. The $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{2,3}$ edge changes with H charging show a distinct enhancement of the white line strength; a feature 6 eV above the edges, associated with Nb-H antibonding states in analogy with the Pd results; the suppression of a threshold-onset feature of Nb metal; and a shift of the centrum of the white line feature towards the threshold. Comparison of the Nb sphere projection of the ${d}_{3/2}$ component of the LAPW density of states (DOS) to the $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{2}$-edge spectra yields good basic agreement with the observed spectral changes. In particular, the substantial theoretical reduction in the DOS at, and just above, the Fermi energy ${(E}_{f})$ is directly related to the near threshold $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{2,3}$ spectral changes. The more modest white line enhancement in the theoretical DOS is noted and discussed. $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}\ensuremath{-}K$-edge XANES are also discussed in terms of the Nb-site $p$-state projected LAPW DOS. This last comparison indicates a $p$-state reduction near ${E}_{f}$ upon H charging of the Nb.
Classification of Occupational Therapy Intervention for Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE. We investigated the specific type of occupational therapy intervention used by occupational therapists during inpatient stroke rehabilitation in one midwestern U.S. hospital to determine the frequency of prefunctional versus functional activity use. METHOD. A retrospective chart analysis was conducted of clients who received inpatient stroke rehabilitation between January 2003 and June 2004. Type of intervention, intervention strategies, and adaptive equipment use were recorded for each session provided. RESULTS. The majority of sessions (65.77%, n = 1,022) consisted of activities that were prefunctional in nature compared with 48.26% (n = 750) that focused on activities of daily living. Musculoskeletal intervention strategies were used in more than half (52.25%) of the sessions. CONCLUSION. More sessions were spent on prefunctional than on functional activities, and musculoskeletal intervention strategies were most common. Future research studies are warranted to determine the most effective intervention for this client population
Antinociceptive effects of azepexole (BHT 933) in mice

Abstract Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of azepexole (BHT 933) at doses between 4 and 40 mg/kg produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in mice as assessed by tail-immersion, tail-pinch and acetic acid writhing tests. The ED16s were 5.6 ± 0.4, 6.7 ± 1.2 and 2.96 ± 0.2 mg/kg respectively. Similarly, morphine produced analgesia in the same tests with ED16s of 0.87 ± 0.03, 0.47 ± 0.1 and 0.45 ± 0.01 mg/kg respectively. In all instances naloxone (0.1 mg/kg s.c.) shifted the dose-response curves to morphine to the right in a parallel manner. Naloxone (0.1 and 1 mg/kg s.c.) partially antagonized the effect of azepexole in the tail-immersion and tail-pinch tests but significantly decreased the slope of the dose-response curve suggesting that a competitive interaction at the level of the opioid receptors did not occur. Naloxone had no effect on the antinociceptive action of azepexole in the acetic acid writhing test.
Lipids from conidia of Erysiphe graminis tritici (powdery mildew)

Lipids of conidia of Erysiphe graminis tritici were analysed by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons (such as C 17 , C 19 , C 21:1 and C 25:1 and naturally occurring methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids (C 17 to C 25 ) were detected. The free fatty acids ranged from C 12 to C 24 and unsaturated fatty acids such as C 22:1 and C 24:1 were present. The conidial walls had different appearances when processed with scanning electron microscopy, freeze-etching and thin-sectioning procedures. Lipid bodies were not present in lipid extracted conidia and spore walls of lipid extracted conidia characteristically had electron dense tripartite layers and clumped together.
The resolutions of separation: Are marital reconciliations attempted?

This study, using 1987–88 National Survey of Families and Households data, has examined the prevalence and characteristics of ever-separated white women who attempt a marital reconciliation. Marital reconciliations are quite common as 44% of the separated women attempt a reconciliation. There is some support for the thesis that those with the fewest resources and greatest reliance on the relationship are the most likely to attempt a reconciliation. In comparing these findings with previous research on the marital dissolution process, there is little consistency in the relationship that the sociodemographic variables have with attempting a reconciliation and with the success of an attempted reconciliation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The quantification of electronegativity: some precursors

This paper calls attention to the early work of the American chemists Worth Rodebush and Groves Cartledge, and their anticipations of a quantitative electronegativity scale, which predate the classic 1932 paper of Linus Pauling by several years.
Effects of predation-risk on habitat use by Himalayan Snowcocks

When given a choice, animals often prefer foraging habitats where predation risk is low, even if such habitats provide reduced foraging opportunities. We evaluated foraging rates of tame but free-ranging Himalayan Snowcocks (Tetraogallus himalayensis) in 16 types of alpine habitats. Foraging rate was highest on level or slightly-sloping terrain and where grasses were relatively abundant. We also observed 102 wild snowcocks and found they were most nervous about raptorial predators when on level or slightly-sloping terrain and in small coveys. Snowcocks face a dilemma: they are most vulnerable to raptors in areas where they can forage most efficiently. During summer snowcocks trade off higher foraging efficiency on level terrain for lower predation risk on steeper terrain. During winter, when raptor numbers are lower, snowcocks apparently revert to using level or slightly-sloping, high-efficiency foraging habitats. Risk of predation plays an important role in habitat selection and resource utilization by snowcocks.
Mapping the literature of health care chaplaincy.

Objective: This study examined citation patterns and indexing coverage from 2008 to 2010 to determine (1) the core literature of health care chaplaincy and (2) the resources providing optimum coverage for the literature.
Mass transfer effects in fermentations using immobilized whole cells

Abstract The immobilization of whole cells for fermentation processes has many potential advantages over fermentation with free cells, including higher cell concentrations, higher productivites and a higher level of operational stability. Most of the research reported in the literature has been directed towards demonstrating the feasibility of using these systems for various fermentations. The ultimate goal of research in this area is to bring the understanding of immobilized whole cells to the level of heterogeneous catalysis. Immobilized whole cell systems are examined from a mass transfer perspective. Evidence for external and internal mass transfer limitations is presented. Procedures for quantifying these effects in terms of effectiveness factors and determining the reaction kinetics in their presence are reviewed. Development of the reactor design equations and the reactor performance results for fermentations with immobilized cells are also discussed.
On the pressure dependence of the wear of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

Abstract The wear of polyethylene in bovine serum was evaluated as a function of load and molecular weight. The range and distribution of contact loadings simulated those which exist in currently available total hip and total knee prostheses. The wear increased exponentially with load at constant molecular weight. An increasing molecular weight parametrically displaced the exponential curve to higher loads, lowering the overall rate. It is proposed that the behavior of these materials be described in terms of a critical pressure-velocity product although the specific mechanisms for wear acceleration are not known in this case.
On the pressure and stress singularities induced by steady flows of a pair of nonmiscible, incompressible, viscous fluids in contact with a wall

Design for structural integrity requires an appreciation of where stress singularities can occur in structural configurations. While there is a rich literature devoted to the identification of such singular behavior in solid mechanics, only of late has there been much in the way of corresponding identifications of flow-induced stress singularities in fluid mechanics. These recent asymptotic identifications are for a single incompressible viscous fluid: Here the asymptotic approach is extended to apply to a configuration entailing two such fluids. For this configuration, various specifications leading to power or log singularities are determined. These results demonstrate that flow-induced stress singularities can occur in a structural container at a location where no singularities are identified within solid mechanics alone.
Mating behaviour in Oncopeltus fasciatus: circadian rhythms of coupling, copulation duration and ‘rocking’ behaviour

. Circadian rhythms are demonstrated in initiation and duration of copulation, and in ‘rocking’ by females during mating in the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. In constant light or darkness there were no more than two or three recognizable cycles of any of these rhythms. In addition, light directly stimulated copulatory attempts, but did not influence their chance of success. Copulations were generally shorter during the early-mid photophase and longer during the late photophase in LD 16:8, while initiations of copulation were fewest during the scotophase. The males were mainly responsible for these rhythms. It is suggested that the diurnal rhythm in copulation duration probably evolved as a consequence of the rhythms of flight activity and/or oviposition. Sperm from the late photophase matings typically displaced 90–100% of sperm from prior matings, while sperm from the shorter early photophase matings typically displaced less prior sperm. Peak rocking activity during mating occurred from 6 to 8 h after lights-on in LD 16:8. Little rocking occurred during the late photophase, when the greatest percent of pairs are in copula. Feeding and drinking inhibited rocking activity, but the feeding rhythm did not drive the rocking rhythm. Rocking appears not to function in promoting termination of mating, positioning of the aedeagus, nor to mediate mechanical stimulation of egg production. Its function remains unknown.
A Molecular Iodine Spectral Data Set for Rovibronic Analysis

A data set of 7,381 molecular iodine vapor rovibronic transitions between the X and B electronic states has been prepared for an advanced undergraduate spectroscopic analysis project. Students apply standard theoretical techniques to these data and determine the values of three X-state constants (Be″, νe″, De″) and four B-state constants (Be′, νe′, De′, Te′). Morse potentials for the two states may be calculated from these seven constants.
Method for Designing Leading-Edge Fillets to Eliminate Flow Separation

A design method is presented whereby the flow separation in the wing-fuselage juncture of aircraft is eliminated by the use of a leading-edge fillet. The design method uses a design rule that relates a change in skin friction to a change in surface slope. After determining the current skin friction distribution on the plate ahead of the leading edge of the wing, a target skin friction distribution that will eliminate flow separation is calculated. Using the design rule, the current skin friction distribution is moved toward the target distribution by extending the leading edge of the wing to form a leading-edge fillet. The new leadingedge fillet is then analyzed by the flow solver and the process is iterated until convergence is achieved. Nomenclature
12-Lead and continuous ECG recordings of subjects during inpatient administration of smoked cocaine

Cocaine can cause myocardial ischemia or infarction. The incidence of these events, and the influence of specific dosing routes or regimens on their occurrence is not established. In the current study, we obtained frequent 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) and continuous 2 or 3 channel ECGs from 20 subjects participating in a behavioral study of smoked cocaine. Subjects received 10 or 11 doses of cocaine 0.4 mg/kg per dose, or 10 doses of 35 mg per dose at 30 min intervals (range 233-408 mg total dose per session). ECGs were also recorded on control days on which subjects received no cocaine. The mean peak plasma cocaine concentration on cocaine days was 640 +/- 262 ng/ml. There were no changes in digitized ST segment amplitude on 12-lead ECGs obtained during cocaine administration (P = 0.098). Of 17 subjects who had technically satisfactory continuous ECGs, four had significant ST segment depression (> 1 mm below the PR segment); two on cocaine days and two on control days (P > 0.5). One subject had frequent premature beats on both cocaine and control days. One subject had an asymptomatic run of 4 ventricular beats 30 s after cocaine administration that could have been due to cocaine. All episodes of ST depression or premature beats were asymptomatic. No evidence of either symptomatic or subclinical cardiac ischemia related to cocaine administration was found. Thus no clinically important adverse events were found as a result of smoked cocaine administered by this dosing regimen to healthy males with a history of heavy cocaine use. Additional study with larger numbers of subjects will be helpful in further assessing the safety of administering smoked cocaine to research subjects.