cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decentralized IoT with Wattsworth

Low cost sensors, powerful single board computers, and high bandwidth wireless networks have encouraged the proliferation of IoT systems to both measure and control our environment. Unfortunately those eager to realize the benefits of IoT are generally forced to choose between centralized commercial offerings or developing their own system from scratch. The former is cost effective but brittle, while the later is flexible but often impractical. Wattsworth is an open source platform for decentralized IoT providing users with the best of both worlds. Users can leverage a turn-key software stack while still retaining total control of their systems with no dependency on third party infrastructure. This paper presents three case studies showing how Wattsworth solves traditionally challenging IoT scenarios. In particular, these case studies illustrate how to collect data from proprietary sensors, design complex user interfaces, and coordinate diverse geographically distributed devices. Source code, full documentation, and installation media for Wattsworth are available at https://wattsworth.net.
Ap\'ery Limits: Experiments and Proofs

An important component of Apery's proof that $\zeta (3)$ is irrational involves representing $\zeta (3)$ as the limit of the quotient of two rational solutions to a three-term recurrence. We present various approaches to such Apery limits and highlight connections to continued fractions as well as the famous theorems of Poincare and Perron on difference equations. In the spirit of Jon Borwein, we advertise an experimental-mathematics approach by first exploring in detail a simple but instructive motivating example. We conclude with various open problems.
Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Applications in Healthcare General Review and Case Studies

Artificial intelligence (AI) and analytics are evolving as innovative tools in a wide range of areas, from economic activity to public policy, and from individual safety to national security. The healthcare industry and medical practices have also undergone remarkable changes using AI /analytics technologies and learning algorithms. Indeed, artificial intelligence and analytics have yielded a bunch of promising results, not only in the numerous academic works published every year, but also in impressive applications being implemented worldwide. The paper sums up the publications related to AI in healthcare in the past five years and summarizes the latest progress in its applications of this advanced technology. The paper also discusses the current challenges and ethical concerns being faced by the healthcare industry as well as the governments. The purpose of this article is to analyze the trends of the latest scientific developments, to understand the enormous potential of AI and data analytics in healthcare, and to put forward suggestions to cope with the healthcare problems as well as predict futuristic artificial intelligence and analytics applications. Two case studies are provided to showcase the applications of AI and data analytics.
Heat Transfer in Strata with Different Shape of Cross-Section and Dynamic Simulation of Thermal Environment for Deep Subsurface Mine

It is a critical issue to adjust and control the subsurface mine climate based on the heat sources in airway and the temperature changes,heat gain and loss of key locations. By improving the traditional Fourier heat transfer model,a three-dimensional heat transfer model based on the actual cross-sectional shape of the ventilation airway was formulated. The momentum related boundary conditions which can reflex the velocity and quantity changes for different airway profiles also was specified,which associated with the time parameter to reveal the formation of heat conduction and exchange inside the strata and between the rock and airflow,and the heat transfer equation between wet wall and airflowwas given at the meantime. On this basis,a large domestic ventilation system for deep subsurface metal mine was built,in order to obtain the trend and specialty of temperature,humidity,heat and some other parameters. This study lays the foundation for the deep subsurface mine to carry out climate regulation and control.
The Cabinet: George Washington and the creation of an American institution: by Lindsay Chervinsky, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2020, 432pp., $29.95 ISBN 9780674986480 (hbk)

In this well-written, artfully conceived book, Chervinsky introduces readers to the origins and development of the presidential cabinet through George Washington’s presidency. The book relates, as ...
What Does It Mean to Heal From Historical Trauma

Native American peoples' health is impacted by structural legacies of settler colonialism, including land dispossession, racism, and poverty. Responding with care to individuals and communities experiencing past and present traumatic stress from genocide and deeply entrenched structural violence means navigating ongoing grief, restoring self-community and human-ecological relationships, and generating cultural vibrancy.
A mutation of a single core gene, tssM, of Type VI secretion system of Xanthomonas perforans influences virulence, epiphytic survival and transmission during pathogenesis on tomato.

Xanthomonas perforans is a seed-borne hemi-biotrophic pathogen that successfully establishes infection in the phyllosphere of tomato. While the majority of the studies investigating mechanistic basis of pathogenesis have focused on successful apoplastic growth, factors important during asymptomatic colonization in the early stages of disease development are not well understood. In this study, we show that tssM gene of the type VI secretion system cluster i3* (T6SS-i3*) plays a significant role during initial asymptomatic epiphytic colonization at different stages during the life cycle of the pathogen. Mutation in a core gene, tssM of T6SS-i3*, imparted higher aggressiveness to the pathogen, as indicated by higher overall disease severity, higher in planta growth as well as shorter latent infection period compared to the wild-type upon dip-inoculation of 4-5-week-old tomato plants. Contribution of tssM towards aggressiveness was evident during vertical transmission from seed-to-seedling with wild-type showing reduced disease severity as well as lower in planta populations on seedlings compared to the mutant. Presence of functional TssM offered higher epiphytic fitness as well as higher dissemination potential to the pathogen when tested in an experimental setup mimicking transplant house high-humidity conditions. We showed higher osmotolerance being one mechanism by which TssM offers higher epiphytic fitness. Taken together, these data reveal that functional TssM plays a larger role in offering ecological advantage to the pathogen. TssM prolongs the association of hemi-biotrophic pathogen with the host, minimizing overall disease severity, yet facilitating successful dissemination.
Borrowing a home: Palestinian women's agency in forming national identity

This thesis is an examination of Palestinian women's roles and agency in creating and reinforcing Palestinian national identity. This is done by interviewing approximately 30 women, as well as observing and participating in daily life amongst Palestinian refugees. Women are an important part of the preservation and continuation of specific aspects of Palestinian culture, which are passed down from one generation to the next. Traditionally in research of refugees, women's voices have been marginalized, and by drawing on stand-point feminist theory this research focuses exclusively on women's roles and women's voices in order to lessen this academic bias. The national identity of diasporic populations if formulated in a unique way due to the lack of a sovereign nation-state. It has not been until recently in academia that women have been studied in depth for their contributions to the formation of national identity among diasporic populations. Generally, in the Middle East a person's ethnic heritage is passed on through the father's lineage, but the mothers, sisters, aunts, and grandmothers, who share their stories and cultural knowledge with children directly impact how individuals grow up to view themselves as having Palestinian nationality. This project focuses on the women's role in the production, conforming, and resistance to certain aspects of the Palestinian collective narrative, through women's roles in family life, every day practices, kinship, and social and religious rituals. This project examines how women construct their identities and express themselves through these activities, and it shows how these expressions influence the Palestinian collective narrative.
Giant Spontaneous Epidural Pneumatocele: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Pneumocephalus is a commonly encountered finding in neurosurgery in which air displaces intracranial cerebrospinal fluid after cranial surgery or a cerebrospinal fluid leak into paranasal or mastoid sinuses. When an intracranial air collection becomes chronically established in a fixed loculation causing mass effect, pneumatocele is a more appropriate term. We present an unusual case of a spontaneous giant frontotemporal epidural pneumatocele that persisted for more than 1 year before the patient presented for neurological treatment. Case Description A 40-year-old man with a remote history of minor head trauma presented with symptoms of headaches, dizziness, and vertigo. Imaging revealed a right giant epidural pneumocephalus secondary to bony dehiscence of the intracranial wall of the mastoid bone. A subtemporal middle fossa approach was performed to repair the mastoid defect with hydroxyapatite, fat graft, and temporalis fascia. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2 with improvement in his headaches. One month after discharge operative imaging demonstrated complete resolution of his epidural pneumatocele and improvement in his headaches. Conclusions This unique case represents the first reported case in the neurosurgical literature of a giant spontaneous epidural pneumatocele occurring in an adult treated with a middle fossa approach with resolution on follow-up imaging.
Sperm motility in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus L: I. Sperm behavior near eggs and motility initiation by egg extracts☆

Abstract Limulus spermatozoa are nonmotile when spawned and become motile only after encountering a sperm motility initiating factor (SMI) exuded by the egg. SMI extracts (produced by washing intact eggs with distilled water, lyophilizing the supernatant to dryness, and redissolving the dried extract in artificial seawater, ASW) initiate sperm motility in the absence of eggs. Utilizing such SMI extracts, sperm motility initiation was found to be unaffected by changes in temperature from 16 to 30°C, pH from 6.3 to 8.6, and salinity from 85 to 125% ASW. Within these ranges, sperm motility initiation was an “all-or-nothing” response, with greater than 99% of the spermatozoa becoming motile. Also, each sperm swam with apparently the same speed (at a given temperature) until spontaneously stopping within 10 min after the addition of SMI extracts. Evidence was found that SMI may bind irreversibly to a receptor, which is inactivated within a few seconds or minutes, leading to the observed cessation of motility. Observations of sperm behavior near intact eggs showed no evidence of chemotaxis. Spermatozoa observed to swim toward intact eggs progressed with a uniform speed and were motile less than 5 sec from initiation of motility until attaching to the egg. The presence of an all-or-nothing response to SMI, the independence of sperm motility to experimental parameters, and several other characteristics of the animal and its spermatozoa make Limulus a potentially excellent model animal for examination of sperm motility control mechanisms.
Connecting organizational human resource practices to consumer satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners an understanding of one potentially direct linking mechanism between organizational practices and consumer satisfaction with a service.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is conceptual and the approach adopted is analytical. Extant research and concepts, including from psychology and economics, have been used to develop propositions and to discuss both research and managerial implications.Findings – Provides conceptual support for a psychological dynamic or mechanism linking service employees' job autonomy and consumers' service satisfaction.Research limitations/implications – The article provides a novel way of thinking about consumer satisfaction. A limitation of the paper is that it is conceptual. Research is required to test empirically the various research propositions. In this manner, research in this area can be furthered.Practical implications – Further research in this area may provide more directed solutions to ...
A comparison of fuzzy, stochastic and deterministic methods in linear programming

This paper focuses on relationships among some fuzzy, stochastic and deterministic optimization methods for solving linear programming problems. In particular, we look at several methods to solve one problem as a means of comparison and interpretation of the solutions among the methods.
Adaptation of Tri-molecular fluorescence complementation allows assaying of regulatory Csr RNA-protein interactions in bacteria

sRNAs play a significant role in controlling and regulating cellular metabolism. One of the more interesting aspects of certain sRNAs is their ability to make global changes in the cell by interacting with regulatory proteins. In this work, we demonstrate the use of an in vivo Tri-molecular Fluorescence Complementation assay to detect and visualize the central regulatory sRNA-protein interaction of the Carbon Storage Regulatory system in E. coli. The Carbon Storage Regulator consists primarily of an RNA binding protein, CsrA, that alters the activity of mRNA targets and of an sRNA, CsrB, that modulates the activity of CsrA. We describe the construction of a fluorescence complementation system that detects the interactions between CsrB and CsrA. Additionally, we demonstrate that the intensity of the fluorescence of this system is able to detect changes in the affinity of the CsrB-CsrA interaction, as caused by mutations in the protein sequence of CsrA. While previous methods have adopted this technique to study mRNA or RNA localization, this is the first attempt to use this technique to study the sRNA-protein interaction directly in bacteria. This method presents a potentially powerful tool to study complex bacterial RNA protein interactions in vivo.
Client Confidentiality in Police Social Work Settings

A survey that questioned po lice social workers regarding the protection of client confi dentiality in police settings was done. Several problems were discovered that were re lated to the unique character of the setting and to the iden tification of social workers with the goals and practices of the police. The results raise ques tions about the protection of client confidentiality in other secondary settings.
The effects of habituation and gaze stability exercises in the treatment of unilateral vestibular hypofunction: a preliminary results.

Background and Purpose The efficacy of both habituation and adaptation exercise interventions in the treatment of unilateral vestibular hypofunction has been demonstrated by prior studies. The purpose of this paper is to describe the preliminary results of an ongoing study that compares the effects of these two different exercise approaches on outcomes related to vestibular function.
Identifying the Core Periodical Literature of the Agricultural Communications Documentation Center

ABSTRACT “Agricultural communications” is an emerging field which is naturally both part of the “agriculture” and “communications” literature. However, it is much broader than just a subset of each. The coverage of standard databases such as CAB Abstracts and Communication Abstracts, while a good start, does not sufficiently cover the field. The Agricultural Communications Documentation Center (ACDC) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has, over the last quarter century, worked to help define and collect this literature, by identifying relevant documents and entering them into a Web-searchable Microsoft Access database. An analysis of this database reveals important clues concerning the literature of agricultural communications. Of the nearly 30,000 documents within the ACDC collection, periodical articles comprise a little over one half, from a core list of 45 periodicals within the ACDC collection. More than one half of these core periodicals are outside the traditional agriculture and lif...
Sustained Release from Inert Wax Matrixes III: Effect of Povidone on Tripelennamine Hydrochloride Release

Abstract The utilization of povidone as a channeling agent in the formulation of a sustained-release tripelennamine hydrochloride core significantly influenced drug release over 10 hr. Povidone was incorporated into a mixture of carnauba wax and stearyl alcohol by fusion and subsequent congealing in concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% (w/w); the stearyl alcohol concentration was altered to maintain a constant tripelennamine content. Tablet hardness and weight were also held constant. With the povidone-free formulation as a control, the addition of 5% of the channeling agent increased the release by 37% over 8 hr; at the 20% level, the increase was 55%. Between 0.5 and 8 hr, the drug appeared to be released by a zero-order process and a plateau was then approached. Over this interval, the dissolution pattern approached the optimum situation of 10% release/hr with 10–20% povidone. The results obtained from cores made by double compression of the dry-blended ingredients indicated that fusion is essential for channel formation. There was no evidence of complexation between tripelennamine and povidone. A decrease in the release rate was obtained when the polymer was included in the dissolution medium. It appears that channel formation is the mechanism underlying the increase in the drug dissolution rate from cores containing the polymer.
The Investment Behavior of a Farm Firm Operating under Risk

The opportunities facing the investment decision maker in a farm firm operating under risk can be summarized in some cases in terms of "efficiency frontiers," the dimensions of which are the expected present value and the variance of the farm's future net returns. This article attempts to trace and define these frontiers in terms of deductible algebraic equations in simplified single- and multiperiod cases where the farm output level is determined by a single systematic input variable—capital—and a single random factor and where the functional relationship is Cobb-Douglas. It also attempts to outline, through simulation procedures, the frontiers pertaining to a "real world" case of a growing farm cum household unit.
Minimally invasive per-catheter patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in dogs using a prototype duct occluder.

Background: Per-catheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion in dogs with devices intended for humans is associated with technical difficulties, high rates of procedure abandonment, device migration, and residual ductal flow. Hypothesis: Use of a custom-made canine duct occluder (Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder, ACDO) would be feasible in dogs of varying weights and somatotypes and effective in occluding a wide range of PDA shapes and sizes. Animals: Eighteen client-owned dogs of various breeds with PDA. Weights ranged from 3.8 to 32.3 kg (median, 17.8 kg), and angiographic minimal ductal diameters ranged from 1.1 to 6.9 mm (median, 3.7 mm). Ductal morphologies included types IIA, IIB, and III. Methods: Per-catheter PDA occlusion with the ACDO was performed in all dogs. Persistent or recurrent ductal flow was assessed at the end of the procedure by angiography and at 1 day, 3 months, and ≥12 months after the procedure by echocardiography. Results: Successful ACDO placement was achieved in all 18 dogs. One dog required a 2nd procedure with a larger ACDO after the 1st device migrated to the pulmonary vasculature. Complete occlusion was confirmed in 17 of 18 dogs during the procedure, as well as at 1 day and 3 months after the procedure, and in 12 of 13 dogs evaluated at ≥12 months after the procedure. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Per-catheter PDA occlusion in dogs with the ACDO is feasible and effective in dogs of a wide range of weights and somatotypes and with PDAs of varying shapes and sizes.
Hartmannella tahitiensis sp. n., an amoeba associated with mass mortalities of the oyster Crassostrea commrcialis in Tahiti, French Polynesia

Abstract Hartmannella tahitiensis sp. n. is described from moribund specimens of the oyster Crassostrea commercialis from Vahi tarua, Port Phaeton, on the southern shore of Tahiti. Histopathological and cytopathological alterations in the oysters are described to reveal their similarities with those reported as postmortem changes by Sparks and Pauley (1964) . Although H. tahitiensis trophozoites have been observed intermingled with the epithelial lining of the alimentary tract, Leydig tissue, gonadal trabeculae, and ctenidia, these amoebae are not believed to be the cause of the mass oyster mortalities. Rather, it is proposed that H. tahitiensis , soil amoebae, are deposited in the bay through soil erosion and they become secondary invaders of oysters which have been rendered moribund by pollution. Although generalized, nonfocal leukocytosis occurs in the oysters examined, there is no apparent cellular reaction to the amoebae. Two types of blood cells, granular and hyaline leukocytes, are described from healthy C. commercialis . In addition, a third type, the so-called multinucleate macrophages, occurs in oysters harboring amoebae. The PAS-positive condition of H. tahitiensis trophozoites renders this staining procedure a useful diagnostic tool.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Agonists Inhibit HIV-1 Replication in Macrophages by Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Effects

Previous studies have demonstrated that cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPG) inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in various cell types. We investigated the role of PG in the replication of HIV-1 in primary macrophages. The cyPG, PGA1 and PGA2, inhibited HIV-1 replication in acutely infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Because PGA1 and PGA2 have previously been shown to be peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists, we examined the effect of synthetic PPARγ agonists on HIV replication. The PPARγ agonist ciglitazone inhibited HIV-1 replication in a dose-dependent manner in acutely infected human MDM. In addition, cyPG and ciglitazone reduced HIV replication in latently infected and viral entry-independent U1 cells, suggesting an effect at the level of HIV gene expression. Ciglitazone also suppressed HIV-1 mRNA levels as measured by reverse transcriptase PCR, in parallel with the decrease in reverse transcriptase activity. Co-transfection of PPARγ wild type vectors and treatment with PPARγ agonists inhibited HIV-1 promoter activity in U937 cells. Activation of PPARγ also decreased HIV-1 mRNA stability following actinomycin D treatment. In summary, our experimental findings implicate PPARγ as an important factor in the suppression of HIV-1 gene expression in MDM by cyPG. Thus natural and synthetic PPARγ agonists may play a role in controlling HIV-1 infection in macrophages.
Salo Baron on Emancipation

Throughout his career Salo Baron wrote about emancipation. In his scholarship on the modern period, it was perhaps the subject that concerned him most and, not surprisingly, he offered the most geographically comprehensive and conceptually inclusive understanding of emancipation of all his contemporaries. Baron freed himself from the parti pris positions of both emancipationist and nationalist historians, as well as other ideologically constrained, often mono-causal explanations.
Gradient chromatofocusing high-performance liquid chromatography. I. Practical aspects

In this work, a versatile method for generating linear pH gradients using weak anion-exchange HPLC has been developed, which is termed gradient chromatofocusing high-performance liquid chromatography. This method utilizes a linear external pH gradient generated in the mobile phase entering the column (inlet pH gradient), superimposed on an internally-generated pH gradient within the column (column pH gradient), which results from the buffering action of the ion exchanger on the mobile phase and vice versa. The method shows significant advantages over conventional chromatofocusing, including: decreased expense due to the use of common buffer components, ease of adjusting the slope of the pH gradient produced at the outlet of the column (outlet pH gradient) through the manipulation of the inlet pH gradient and the ability of using high concentration buffers in the mobile phase. Chromatography of fibrinogen degradation products was done using gradient chromatofocusing. Bandwidths comparable to conventional chromatofocusing were obtained in the separation of fibrinogen degradation products.
Demonstration of CLIPS as an Intelligent Front-End for POST

Most of the analysis codes used in the design of aerospace systems are complex, requiring some expertise to set up and execute. POST, which is used in many conceptual design studies to compute space vehicle performance characteristics, often encounters numerical difficulties in solving the defined trajectory problem. Usually POST fails to converge when its control variables are given a bad set of initial guesses, causing the trajectory to remain in the infeasible design region throughout the computations. The user then analyzes the output produced and relies on a set of heuristics, typically gained from experience with the program, to determine the appropriate modification to the problem setup that will guide POST in finding a feasible region and eventually converge to a solution. This paper describes the implementation of POST expertise in a knowledge-based system called CLIPS and demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing this integrated system as a design tool. The automation of POST executions and CLIPS’ output evaluation and decision-making is shown to potentially reduce design cycle time. In addition, verification of the decision process and of the quality of the results is easily attained in CLIPS. The potential benefits of employing knowledgebased system within a design environment have long been well known. Various methods of utilization have been identified. As a post-processing guide, an expert system can distill information obtained from an analysis code, such as POST, into knowledge. The system then can emulate the human analyst’s decision-making capability based on this collected knowledge. CLIPS CPU ctha HTI-IL ICBS LH2 LOX P2 POST 9 RBCC SSDL SST0 wopt a C Language Integrated Production System Central Processing Unit optimization indicator from POST Horizontal Take-off Horizontal Landing Knowledge-Based System Liquid Hydrogen Liquid Oxygen weighted constraint error from POST Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories dynamic pressure (psf) Rocket-Based Combined Cycle Space Systems Design Laboratory Single-Stage-to-Orbit weighting factor for optimization variable angle of attack t Palace Knight Fellow, School of Aerospace Engineering, Student member AIAA m Assistant Professor, School of Aerospace Engineering, Senior member AIAA t Associate Professor, School of Civil & Environmental Engineeting Background Copyright
A longitudinal study of the relationship between adolescent academic achievement and adult community participation

A theoretically informed model in estimated in which low schoo achievement is specified as heaving long term consequences for adult participation in the political process and voluntary organizations. The model was estimated with the LISREL VIII program using panel data from subjects (N=4,531) tested in the seventh grade and again as young adults. As hypothesized, low school achievement had adverse effects on later adult involvement in the political process and voluntary associations. The effects of low school achievement were mediated by later educational attainment and were independent of the effects of perceived rejection by school authorities, suggesting that later social participation is influenced by experiences inherent in the education process itself rather than by socioemotional concomitants of school failure.
Low activation materials for fusion applications

Abstract In February 1982, the Office of Fusion Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy established a panel to examine the possibility of developing and using materials with attractive radioactivation characteristics for applications in fusion power reactors. This paper summarizes the findings of the panel.
Effects of proteolytic and thermal action on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes LD-1 and LD-5.

AbstractL-Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate. Using a spectrophotometric assay to determine LD activity, incubation of rabbit, porcine, and bovine LD-1 and LD-5 isozymes with the protease subtilisin (Carlsberg) gave first-order degradation kinetics. Degradation half-lives were significantly lower for the LD-5 isozymes from the three species when incubated with subtilisin at temperatures from 4°C to 25°C. The energy involved in the degradation process, however, was not different. The activation energy for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate by LD-1 at pH 7.4 was significantly higher than that for LD-5 for all three species examined (P < 0.005). Thermocalorimetry showed that the LD-1 isozymes have both a higher mean temperature of denaturation and a higher heat uptake during the denaturation process than corresponding LD-5 forms. The results suggest that the LD-5 isozymes in the species studied are more metabolically efficient, whereas the LD-1 forms have grea...
First bite syndrome as a presenting symptom of a parapharyngeal space malignancy.

Background First bite syndrome is a known complication after parapharyngeal space surgery. This syndrome is usually encountered when the surgery is extensive but the parotid gland is preserved. A disruption in the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland has been posited to play a role. Methods We report a 74-year-old woman with a parapharyngeal space malignancy who presented with first bite syndrome prior to any surgical intervention. The tumor and left parotid gland were resected via a transcervical approach. During the operation, the sympathetic chain was found to be directly involved with the tumor. Results The patient reported complete resolution of first bite syndrome immediately after the operation, and remained free of this symptom at 6 months' follow-up. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of first bite syndrome presenting prior to any surgical intervention. Parotidectomy, if included in the surgical plan, may lead to the resolution of first bite syndrome. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Proton-Proton Scattering at 31.8 Mev Proportional Counter Method

Differential cross-section measurements for proton-proton scattering have been made with protons of 31.8-Mev incident energy, scattered from hydrogen at one atmosphere pressure. Seven increments of angles from 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 51\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the laboratory system of coordinates have been measured simultaneously using proportional counters. In order that measurements could be made with very small currents, axially symmetrical defining slits and counters were made to include large solid angles. A 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} coincidence method was also used at large angles to give an independent geometry and to detect the possibility of slit and contamination scattering. The ratio of the differential cross section at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to that at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, center of mass system, is observed to be compatible with pure $S$-wave scattering of approximately 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} phase shift.
The Faceted Catalog as a Tool for Searching Monographic Series: Usability Study of Lens

This study explored the functionality of the University of Chicago's faceted catalog, Lens, in respect to monographic series. A user study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of Lens in searching for monographic series and also to determine whether controlled series access in the catalog record improves the search results. The results of the study indicate that while Lens could be considered an adequate tool for searching series that are known to be published under the same title, some changes would make it a better search engine for a series that changes series statements from one volume to another.
Trends in the practice and philosophy of prosthodontics in the United States.

Abstract It has been impossible to explore in depth the trends of all of the many factors involved in prosthodontics within the limited time allotted to me. However, we might summarize the situation in a few statements. 1. The quality of prosthodontic service in the United States is as good or better than any other country in the world. 2. The high quality of prosthodontic service is the result of early individual efforts and supplemented by improved dental education at all levels. 3. If the trend of taking more and more time from the teaching of prosthodontics is continued, the quality of prosthodontic service will deteriorate. 4. Vastly increased amounts of objective prosthodontic research are leading to improved techniques. 5. The use of the services of dental laboratory technicians is making it possible for dentists to care for more people. 6. The dental profession is responsible for all dental services rendered to the public, so the profession must provide adequate work authorization information to laboratory technicians. 7. The American Dental Association and the state dental associations are correct in their opposition to licensure or registration of dental laboratories. 8. The accreditation of dental laboratories by the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Dental Laboratories is a step toward the best solution of the problem of dentist-laboratory relations. 9. The accreditation program will serve as a guide for dentists to ethical laboratories and to laboratories that are qualified to perform certain services for dentists. 10. The new Dental Laboratory Owners Forum may provide the necessary liaison between the American Dental Association and the dental laboratory industry. 11. The Federation of Prosthodontic Organizations can supply the need for a unified voice in matters concerning prosthodontics.
And Then the World Fell Apart: The Children of Incarcerated Fathers:

Almost 2 million children in the United States today have fathers who are in prison. Many of these children have been traumatized by the imprisonment of their fathers, and they continue to be emoti...
The influence of cluster formation on the photodissociation of sulfur dioxide: excitation to the E state.

A femtosecond pump-probe technique was employed to study the dissociation dynamics of sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide clusters in real time. Dissociation is initiated by a multiphoton scheme that populates the E state. The SO2+ transient is fit to a biexponential decay comprising a fast and a slow component of 230 fs and 8 ps, respectively. The SO+ transient consists of a growth component of 225 fs as well as a subsequent decay of 373 fs. The pump-probe response obtained from the monomer clearly shows the predissociative cleavage of a S–O bond. Upon cluster formation, a sequential increase in the fast decay component is observed for increasing cluster size, extending to 435 fs for (SO2)4+. The transient response of cluster dissociation products SO(SO2)n+, where n=1–3, reflects no growth component indicating that formation proceeds through the ion state. Therefore, cluster formation results in a caging effect, which impedes the dissociation process. Further direct evidence for our proposed mechanism is o...
TGF-β-induced IL-6 prevents development of acute lung injury in influenza A virus-infected F508del CFTR-heterozygous mice

As the eighth leading cause of annual mortality in the USA, influenza A viruses are a major public health concern. In 20% of patients, severe influenza progresses to acute lung injury (ALI). However, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ALI development are poorly defined. We reported that, unlike wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 controls, influenza A virus-infected mice that are heterozygous for the F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (HETs) did not develop ALI. This effect was associated with higher IL-6 and alveolar macrophages (AMs) at 6 days postinfection (d.p.i.) in HET bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In the present study, we found that HET AMs were an important source of IL-6 at 6 d.p.i. Infection also induced TGF-β production by HET but not WT mice at 2 d.p.i. TGF-β neutralization at 2 d.p.i. (TGF-N) significantly reduced BALF IL-6 in HETs at 6 d.p.i. Neither TGF-N nor IL-6 neutralization at 4 d.p.i. (IL-6-N) altered postinfection weight loss or viral replication in either mouse strain. However, both treatments increased influenza A virus-induced hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, and lung dysfunction in HETs to WT levels at 6 d.p.i. TGF-N and IL-6-N did not affect BALF AM and neutrophil numbers but attenuated the CXCL-1/keratinocyte chemokine response in both strains and reduced IFN-γ production in WT mice. Finally, bone marrow transfer experiments showed that HET stromal and myeloid cells are both required for protection from ALI in HETs. These findings indicate that TGF-β-dependent production of IL-6 by AMs later in infection prevents ALI development in influenza A virus-infected HET mice.
Production of α-Galactosidase from Aspergilus oryzae Grown in Solid State Culture

Aspergillus oryzae QM 6737 was grown in solid state culture to produce α-galactosidase extracellularly. An optimum enzyme yield of ∼ 3 units/g solid was obtained on wheat bran, 35% initial moisture, after 5 days at 32°C, with agitation. Higher initial moisture levels reduced enzyme production. Higher yields were obtained by adding glucose (73% increase), sucrose (39% increase), or melibiose (39% increase) to the bran, but raffinose and stachyose had little or no effect. Enzyme yield increased three times when soy flour or soy beans was used as substrate but no enzyme production was observed using rice. Enzyme production on soy beans decreased with increased initial moisture levels and with decreased particle size.
Impacts of excitation control modes of distributed generators on distribution systems transient stability: A case study

This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of the excitation control mode of synchronous generators when operating connected to power distribution systems, through the study of a system derived from a real distribution feeder from a Brazilian utility. The number of connections of distributed generation has increased over the last years, bringing new technical issues when planning and operating a distribution system. In Brazil, the major part of the distributed resources applications is composed by synchronous generators directly connected to the distribution system. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the stability analysis of these systems, as there is still no consensus among the electric energy companies about the best control mode of synchronous generators in the context of distributed generation.
Colonization of soybean rust sori by Simplicillium lanosoniveum

Abstract In 2007, we isolated a filamentous fungus inhabiting sori of soybean rust ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi ) on soybean collected from Louisiana and Florida. This fungus was identified as Simplicillium lanosoniveum on the basis of ITS sequence data and morphological traits. S. lanosoniveum was found coiling within sori and around urediniospores. It showed a trophic attraction to rust sori, extending from sorus to sorus. It was not isolated from healthy leaf surfaces or within lesions of other diseases, nor was it isolated from commercial soybean fields where fungicides are routinely applied for control of diseases. Herein, we document for the first time the association between P. pachyrhizi and S. lanosoniveum .
Generic nonsinusoidal phase error correction for three-dimensional shape measurement using a digital video projector

A structured light system using a digital video projector is widely used for 3D shape measurement. However, the nonlinear gamma of the projector causes the projected fringe patterns to be nonsinusoidal, which results in phase error and therefore measurement error. It has been shown that, by using a small look-up table (LUT), this type of phase error can be reduced significantly for a three-step phase-shifting algorithm. We prove that this algorithm is generic for any phase-shifting algorithm. Moreover, we propose a new LUT generation method by analyzing the captured fringe image of a flat board directly. Experiments show that this error compensation algorithm can reduce the phase error to at least 13 times smaller.
Sulfoxide as a ligand in iron(II) porphyrinates : S-or O-bound?

In order to study the bonding of sulfoxides to iron(II) porphyrinates, an equilibrium study of Fe(TPP) with tetramethylenesulfoxide (TMSO) has been performed. UV-vis spectra at different concentrations of TMSO have shown distinct character belonging to three species: four-coordinate Fe(II)(TPP), five-coordinate [Fe(II)(TPP)(TMSO)], and six-coordinate [Fe(II)(TPP)(TMSO)2]. The isosbestic points for the low TMSO concentrations suggest that the equilibrium constant K1 is much larger than K2. Analysis of spectral data by the nonlinear least-squares program SQUAD gives K1 = 267 and K2 approximately 1. Even though the five-coordinate species is the dominant species under the synthetic conditions, only the six-coordinate species was crystallized and characterized by an X-ray diffraction study. [Fe(TPP)(TMSO)2] (C52H44Fe-N4O2S2): monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 11.2580(3) A, b = 15.9262(5) A, c = 12.3930(4) A, beta = 116.246(1) degrees , V = 1992.95(10) A3, Z = 2. X-ray crystallography demonstrates the complex is a low-spin bis-TMSO ligated species. The average Fe-Np distance is 1.999(4) A. The most important feature is that TMSO is coordinated to iron(II) by the sulfur donors, not oxygen. The Fe-S distance is 2.2220(3) A.
RTI-76, an isothiocyanate derivative of a phenyltropane cocaine analog, as a tool for irreversibly inactivating dopamine transporter function in vitro.

Human dopamine transporters, stably expressed by human embryonic kidney-293 cells, were reacted with 3β-(3p-chlorophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic acid p-isothiocyanatophenylethyl ester (RTI-76) under varying conditions. Exposure to RTI-76 (1 µM) at 0°C, followed by extensive wash-out, reduced subsequent binding of the cocaine analog [3H]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (WIN 35,428), which was caused by an increase in K d in the absence of a B max change. Exposure to RTI-76 (50 nM–1 µM) at 37°C, however, caused concentration-dependent reductions in binding B max; increases in K d were observed only at high levels of RTI-76 (0.5–1 µM). The reductions in B max are consonant with acylation of transporters, the increases in K d with incomplete wash-out observed also for the amine precursor of RTI-76 which lacks the isothiocyanate group for irreversible binding and which did not lower B max at 37°C. Reductions in binding B max generated by varying concentrations of RTI-76 up to 300 nM at 37°C correlated with reductions in [3H]dopamine uptake V max on a one-to-one basis, with K m values showing a tendency towards a small reduction as a function of transporter inactivation, but the potency of WIN 35,428 in inhibiting uptake not showing a change. The results are discussed in the context of possible oligomeric assemblies of dopamine transporters carrying multiple recognition sites for cocaine analogs and dopamine.
An Analysis of Perspectives on the Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide

In April 2004, on the tenth anniversary of the Rwandan Genocide, the UN secretary-general established the Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide (OSAPG). While the OSAPG has been hailed in some quarters as major institutional reform of significant importance, there has been no focused academic analysis of its mandate and work to date. This article addresses this gap and is based on a series interviews conducted with prominent members of the OSAPG itself and experts in the field of human rights. The article analyzes the differing perspectives on the OSAPG and identifies the major institutional weaknesses, methodological failings, and ongoing challenges facing the OSAPG as cited by the interviewees. While there is clearly broad—though not universal—support for the establishment of the OSAPG, there are a number of factors, both endogenous and exogenous, which appear to have limited the influence of the OSAPG, and it is not clear whether the office, as presently conceived, can realize the task it has been mandated.
SMITH AND KEYNES

Summary Smith's and Keynes's economic ideologies were juxtaposed here, using Weber's polar-opposite methodology. The resulting “ideal types” were then characterized applying dichotomies from economics, politics and ethics. The overall conclusion is, of course, that Smith's ideology, affirming laissez faire, free enterprise, capitalism is indeed congruent with Weber's “Protestant Ethic”. Keynes's ideology in contrast expresses secular hedonistic humanism.
Some Current Trends in Sociolinguistics

SUMMARYThis essay offers a comparative review of five recent sociolinguistic studies. Although each of these texts focuses on some aspect of English—its variation within a particular community, its history, the study of non-standard variants—these works demonstrate the influence on the international linguistic community of Labov's view that language must be investigated within the social context of the community that uses it. Each work is evaluated within this tradition and in light of the contribution the work makes to furthering sociolinguistic research.RESUMOKelkaj aktualaj tendencoj en socilingvistikoLa eseo proponas komparan recenzon de kvin lastatempaj socilingvistikaj studoj.Kvankam ĉiu teksto fokusiĝas je iu aspekto de la angla lingvo—gia variado interne de difinita komunumo, ĝia historio, la studo de nenormaj dialektoj—la verkoj montras la influon ce la internacia lingvistika medio de la vidpunkto de Labov, ke oni devas esplori lingvon interne de la socia kunteksto de la komunumo, kiu gin parolas. Ciun verkon oni aprezas ene de tiu tradicio kaj surbaze de la kontribuo de la verko al antau-enigo de socilingvistikaj esploroj.
Comparative Susceptibility of Haemophilus Species to Cefaclor, Cefamandole, and Five Other Cephalosporins and Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, and Tetracycline

Abstract The minimal inhibitory concentration of cefaclor, cephalexin, cephradine, cefamandole, cephalothin, cephapirin, cefazolin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline for inhibition of 198 freshly isolated clinical strains of Haemophilus species (23 H. influenzae type b, 157 H. influenzae non-type b, 14 H. parainfluenzae, and 4 H. aphrophilus) was determined simultaneously by a slightly modified WHO-ICS agar dilution method. Nine strains were resistant to ampicillin. There was no correlation between ampicillin resistance and minimal inhibitory concentration of other antibiotics. All strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, and all except five were susceptible to tetracycline. Cefaclor was the most active oral cephalosporin, and cefamandole was the most active parenteral cephalosporin. Among the seven cephalosporins tested, cefamandole was the most effective compound. All but two strains were inhibited by cefamandole at 2 μg or less per ml.
Hypertrichosis occurring in association with dilantintherapy

Summary The occurrence of hypertrichosis insixteen epileptic patients treated with Dilantin is reported.