cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drinking-induced plasma vasopressin and norepinephrine changes in dehydrated humans.

After 24-h water deprivation, five men (23-41 yr; 78 +/- 3.6 kg) consumed, within 4.0-6.2 min, 12 mL/kg of one of six fluid formulations (16.5 C) once a week over a period of 6 weeks: water, hypotonic saline (0.045% Na(+)), isotopic saline (0.36%, Na(+)), hypertonic glucose 9 7%, glucose), and two commercial mildly hypertonic 9.7% carbohydrate drinks. Blood samples were drawn 5 min before and: 3, 9, 15, 30, and 70 min after completion of drinking. Ingestion induced no significant change in plasma Na(+), K(+), osmotic, or protein concentrations, blood pressure; or heart rate. Plasma volume (PV) was increases (P <0.05) between 30-70 min with isotonic saline and the two commercial drinks. Ingestion induced a decrease in plasma AVP (PAVP) at 3 min, which was maximal (P < 0.05) at 15 min with all drinks. Thus, the act of drinking, independent of the composition or osmolality of the fluid absorbed, leads to a prompt inhibition of PAVP secretion in man. With the exception of rehydration with isotonic saline, this prompt response was followed by a long lasting inhibition of PAVP. There was no change in PRA, plasma aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, or epinephrine, but an increase in plasma norepinephrine occurred immediately after ingestion, which suggests, like that for PAVP depression, a drinking-stimulate neural mechanism.
Trajectory-Based Short-Sighted Probabilistic Planning

Probabilistic planning captures the uncertainty of plan execution by probabilistically modeling the effects of actions in the environment, and therefore the probability of reaching different states from a given state and action. In order to compute a solution for a probabilistic planning problem, planners need to manage the uncertainty associated with the different paths from the initial state to a goal state. Several approaches to manage uncertainty were proposed, e.g., consider all paths at once, perform determinization of actions, and sampling. In this paper, we introduce trajectory-based short-sighted Stochastic Shortest Path Problems (SSPs), a novel approach to manage uncertainty for probabilistic planning problems in which states reachable with low probability are substituted by artificial goals that heuristically estimate their cost to reach a goal state. We also extend the theoretical results of Short-Sighted Probabilistic Planner (SSiPP) [1] by proving that SSiPP always finishes and is asymptotically optimal under sufficient conditions on the structure of short-sighted SSPs. We empirically compare SSiPP using trajectory-based short-sighted SSPs with the winners of the previous probabilistic planning competitions and other state-of-the-art planners in the triangle tireworld problems. Trajectory-based SSiPP outperforms all the competitors and is the only planner able to scale up to problem number 60, a problem in which the optimal solution contains approximately 1070 states.
ESD protection design for RF integrated circuits: new challenges

The challenge in RF ESD protection circuit design, still a problem in definition, is to address the complex interactions between the ESD protection network and the circuit being protected in both directions. This paper discusses related key factors, e.g., switching and accidental triggering of ESD protection networks, as well as ESD-induced parasitic capacitive, resistive, noise coupling and self-generated noise effects. Evaluation techniques include S-parameter, Q-factor and overall specification examination. Low-parasitic compact structures are the solutions to RF ESD protection.
Variable thermal resistors (VTR) for thermal management of Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (CSAC)

This study reports the design and measured performance of a low-power package for thermal control of miniature precision instruments, such as a Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) using variable thermal resistors (VTR). VTR is a novel low power temperature regulating platform with thermal isolation structures and an array of vertical electrostatic actuators. A prototype of VTR was fabricated to verify the design and we observed desired thermal resistance variation of ~1000degC/W. To ensure no failure due to fatigue or stiction, long term operation was performed. We also demonstrated the temperature control of a constant power dissipating heater chip with plusmn1degC tolerance using VTR operation.
A NOVEL SUBWAVELENGTH MICROBOLOMETER FOR TERAHERTZ SENSING

A subwavelength aperture-microbolometer sensor was simulated using a finite-difference time domain (FDTD) numerical method. The system consisted of a focusing bullseye grating with a central subwavelength aperture. A thin vanadium oxide sensing layer was suspended behind the aperture for sensing purposes, backed by a thin layer of silicon dioxide. The maximum electric field across the vanadium oxide was measured as a function of incident field. Total noise equivalent power (NEP) was estimated to be 180 pW/√Hz at a frequency of 0.665 THz, comparable to similar current micro sensors. The formation of surface plasmonics greatly increases its sensitivity to particular incident wavelengths. This fact, along with its compact size, make this system a promising candidate for numerous low-cost, small-scale terahertz sensing applications.
Predictive Parameters of Joint Disease in DBA/1 Transgenic Mice

We recently reported an accelerated onset of collagen-induced arthritis in DBAII mice overexpressing a T cell receptor Valpha11.1/Vbeta8.2 transgene as a preclinical animal model for age-associated T cell dysfunction. The accelerated onset is due to a transgenically sensitized T cell population that reacts to bovine type 11 collagen without prior in vivo sensitization. The model presents a readily observable distal joint phenotype that would allow preliminary aging and intervention studies to be evaluated by monitoring the presence or absence or degree of phenotypic expression of disease. In order to characterize clinical signs, we evaluated 69 transgenic mice in six different experiments for anticollagen antibody levels, and assigned each a modified arthritic score based on the degree of redness or swelling of the digital joints. We also correlated these parameters with signs of distress, including weight bearing, activity levels, and body posture. The average onset of disease was consistently within a 28 to 35-day period. The average arthritic score at the time of onset was 8. We found that none of the parameters predicted the onset of joint disease, but the modified scoring system reflected the severity of joint disease and predicted the degree of distress associated with the acute inflammation. The ability to determine the severity of joint disease by gross physical examination is a useful clinical feature because a numerical score is reflective of the degree of inflammation. Because the transgenic mouse model is a T cell-driven disease, the effect of aging on T cell activity can be monitored easily. In addition, the use of our modified arthritic scoring system makes it possible to conduct mouse experiments in a humane manner.
204 - Regeneration in Denervated Limbs of Salamanders after Induction by Applied Direct Currents

Abstract Denervated limbs of Triturus have been induced to regenerate by providing them with electrical gradients of the dimensions and polarity previously observed in naturally regenerating innervated limbs. Limb regeneration may proceed to the cone stage before regenerating nerve fibers have reached the epidermis. It had been established earlier that under natural conditions contact between nerve fibers and epidermis is required for limb regeneration. It was also known that after a cone has formed nerves are not needed for the completion of regeneration. Three limbs were allowed to regenerate to the fingerbud stage.
Confronting introduced species: a form of xenophobia?

Critics from the fields of history, philosophy, sociology, gardening, and landscape architecture have recently attacked attempts to control introduced species as infected by nativism, racism, and xenophobia. Many appeals against introduced species, beginning in the 19 th century, focus on aesthetic issues. It is impossible to prove a particular aesthetic judgment is in no way underlain by xenophobia or racism. Certainly the Nazi drive to eliminate nonindigenous plants was related to the campaign to eliminate non-Aryan people, while the writings of some early 20 th century garden writers are laden with the language of contemporary nativism. Most judgments about the aesthetics of introduced species, however, cannot be clearly linked to such motives. Further, invasion biologists and conservationists today depict their motivation as preventing ecological or economic harm, as did their precursors a century ago. Because such harm is readily documented, this stated motivation is highly plausible, and attempts to impute baser motives are unconvincing if not tortuous. Critics of efforts to control invasions often ignore their ecological and economic impacts. These impacts, rather than aesthetic judgments or appeals to questionable concepts of naturalness, constitute a cogent, ethical basis for management of introduced species. Claims that modern introduced species activity targets all introduced species, not just invasive ones, and neglects benefits of certain introduced species have no basis in fact and becloud an urgent, important issue.
A 40-Stage Synchronous Distributed Energy Railgun

The development process pertaining to the design, fabrication, and testing of a 40-stage free-running arc synchronous distributed energy railgun is presented. Research efforts are still ongoing to suppress the restrike phenomenon that is responsible for causing a velocity ceiling around 6 km/s to exist on plasma armature breech-fed railguns. Numerous solutions have been theorized as viable methods of restrike prevention but lack experimental verification. In collaboration on an AFOSR Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative project, the team at Texas Tech University is responsible for characterizing a functional scale model of a synchronous distributed energy railgun to investigate the effectiveness of a distributed energy scheme to suppress the plasma restrike phenomenon and increase plasma armature railgun performance. The distributed energy scheme is theorized to suppress restrike arc formation because the back-EMF voltage is localized to active stage regions. Synchronous operation refers to the speed of an electromagnetic wave in the LC transmission line formed by the rails and capacitors being matched to the velocity of the armature. The railgun drives a hypervelocity (8 km/s) plasma armature, with no payload, to emulate the conditions of a high-altitude microsatellite launch while relieving the financial burden of a large stored energy facility. Experimental data collected from a seven-stage prototype distributed energy system are discussed which will mimic the design and operation of the first seven stages associated with the final 40-stage system, which is currently under construction. The data collected from this prototype as well as the final 40-stage system will be analyzed for secondary arc formation in an attempt to verify the distributed energy scheme's success in suppressing restrike formation.
Effect of Microenvironment on Development of a Gall Midge

This study assessed the influence of microenvironment on the establishment and relative reproductive success of the gall-forming midge Rhopalomyia californica Felt on its host plant Baccharis pilularis De Candolle in Marin County, CA. Mesh cages were used to alter the microenvironment, which also allowed us to assess the validity of using these types of experimental manipulations in this system. Temperature, light intensity, wind speed, and stem growth were compared in caged and uncaged B. pilularis plots in two sites during three seasons. Cage presence significantly altered the microenvironment of R. californica but did not affect development. R. californica establishment was greater when growing on host plants with increased stem growth. Season had the largest impact on gall establishment and reproductive success, with the highest establishment and success rates in late winter to early spring, which correlated with the growing period of B. pilularis. These results suggest that the seasonality of R. californica reproductive success is linked to the phenology of its host plant. When the growing conditions for the plant are less than ideal, R. californica performance is stimulated by increased stem growth. Cage presence was not a significant driver of population dynamics because it did not change the environment in an ecologically meaningful way. We therefore assert that the use of cages for experimental manipulations in this study system does not alter R. californica performance.
Aeroelastic analysis of a wind turbine blade using the harmonic balance method

Most current wind turbine aeroelastic codes rely on the blade element momentum method with empirical corrections to compute aerodynamic forces on the wind turbine blades. While efficient, this method relies on experimental data and does not allow designers much flexibility for alternative blade designs. Unsteady solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations offer a significant improvement in aerodynamic modeling, but these are currently too computationally expensive to be useful in a design situation. However, steady-state solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations are possible with reasonable computation times. The harmonic balance method provides a way to represent unsteady, periodic flows through coupled a set of steady-state solutions. This method offers the possibility of unsteady flow solutions at a computational cost on the order of a few steady-state solutions. By coupling a harmonic balance driven aerodynamic model with a mode shape-based structural dynamics model, an efficient aeroelastic model for a wind turbine blade driven by the Navier-Stokes equations is developed in this dissertation. For wind turbine flows, turbulence modeling is essential, especially in the transition of the boundary layer from laminar to turbulent. As part of this dissertation, the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and the gamma-Re\_theta-t transition model are included in the aerodynamic model. This marks the first time that this transition model, turbulence model, and the harmonic balance method have been coupled to study unsteady wind turbine aerodynamics. Results show that the transition model matches experimental data more closely than a fully turbulent model for the onset of both static and dynamic stall. Flutter is of particular interest as turbines continue to increase in size, and longer and softer blades continue to enter the field. In this dissertation, flutter is investigated for the 1.5 MW WindPACT rotor blade. The aeroelastic model created, which incorporates the harmonic balance method and a fully turbulent aerodynamic model, is the first of its kind for wind turbine flutter analysis. Predictions match those of other aeroelastic models for the 1.5 MW WindPACT blade, and the first flapwise and edgewise modes are shown to dominate flutter for the rotor speeds considered.
Should the elderly receive chemotherapy for node-negative breast cancer? A cost-effectiveness analysis examining total and active life-expectancy outcomes

PURPOSEThis study determines the survival benefit and cost-effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly women with breast cancer. In addition, the analysis measures the impact of substituting active life expectancy for survival in the clinical decision.PATIENTS AND METHODSTwo cohorts of women with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, stage I breast cancer from age 60 to 80 years were monitored using a Markov process. One group received standard chemotherapy following primary therapy, and the other had no postoperative treatment. Data were derived from recently published clinical trials and a major meta-analysis. Outcome included the average survival, active life-expectancy, and incremental cost/quality-adjusted life-year (cost/QALY).RESULTSAdjuvant chemotherapy prolongs survival in older women, but to a lesser extent compared with younger women. The average gain in quality-adjusted months was 1.8 months in a 75-year-old cohort at a cost/QALY of $4,400. These small benefits were not substantially altered ...
Alveolar uptake of lipid and protein components of surfactant.

We investigated the clearance of radiolabeled natural surfactant from the alveolar space of the isolated perfused rat lung. 3H, 35S-natural surfactant was prepared from rat lungs that had been perf...
MOGEN: a tool for reconstructing 3D models of genomes from chromosomal conformation capturing data.

Motivation The three-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromosomes and genomes play an important role in cellular processes such as gene regulation, DNA replication and genome methylation. Several methods have been developed to reconstruct 3D structures of individual chromosomes from chromosomal conformation capturing data such as Hi-C data. However, few methods can effectively reconstruct the 3D structures of an entire genome due to the difficulty of handling noisy and inconsistent inter-chromosomal contact data. Results We generalized a 3D chromosome reconstruction method to make it capable of reconstructing 3D models of genomes from both intra- and inter-chromosomal Hi-C contact data and implemented it as a software tool called MOGEN. We validated MOGEN on synthetic datasets of a polymer worm-like chain model and a yeast genome at first, and then applied it to generate an ensemble of 3D structural models of the genome of human B-cells from a Hi-C dataset. These genome models not only were validated by some known structural patterns of the human genome, such as chromosome compartmentalization, chromosome territories, co-localization of small chromosomes in the nucleus center with the exception of chromosome 18, enriched center-toward inter-chromosomal interactions between elongated or telomere regions of chromosomes, but also demonstrated the intrinsically dynamic orientations between chromosomes. Therefore, MOGEN is a useful tool for converting chromosomal contact data into 3D genome models to provide a better view into the spatial organization of genomes. Availability and implementation The software of MOGEN is available at: http://calla.rnet.missouri.edu/mogen/ Contact : chengji@missouri.edu Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Using Adaptive Optics to Create Finer Tools for Probing Visual Function

Abstract (35 Word Limit) Adaptive optics compensate for blur caused by ocular aberrations and are being used in a new generation of tools that are providing insight into the role of individual cones for human vision.
Demonstration of Multiprocessing by Silicon Epitaxy Following In-Situ Cleaning

Conventional semiconductor manufacturing techniques may be unable to meet technological demands in certain cases, and alternatives need to be investigated. We propose in situ sequential processing, which we define as ‘multiprocessing’, as a possible innovation. We demonstrate a specific manifestation of multiprocessing, namely the integration of a novel in situ pre-clean using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with chemical vapor deposition of silicon, leading to the growth of high-quality single-crystal silicon epitaxy. Further, we show that the multiprocessing technology is viable for manufacturing, since it is simple, rapid, has a low thermal budget and does not suffer from cross-contamination. Finally, we discuss the possible role of multiprocessing in semiconductor manufacturing.
Should Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and 1 Stroke Risk Factor (CHA2DS2-VASc Score 1 in Men, 2 in Women) Be Anticoagulated? The CHA2 DS2-VASc 1 Conundrum: Decision Making at the Lower End of the Risk Spectrum

As understanding of the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) has evolved, so has appreciation of the associated risk of ischemic stroke. The 2014 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society guidelines for management of patients with AF aligned with the 2012 European Society of Cardiology guidelines in recommending the CHA2DS2-VASc schema to stratify thromboembolic risk,1,2 allotting 1 point each for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥65 years, diabetes mellitus and vascular disease (history of myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, or morphologically complex aortic atheroma), or female sex and 2 points each for age ≥75 years or prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic embolism. Although there is concordance across most of the guideline recommendations, the decision to initiate systemic anticoagulation for men with CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 1 or for women with scores of 2 (1 risk factor other than sex) is controversial. The European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend systemic oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy for men with scores of 1 and for women with scores of 2. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society guidelines recommended OAC for those with scores ≥2 and no antithrombotic therapy for those with scores of 0; for those with scores of 1, no therapy, aspirin, and systemic OAC were each deemed acceptable options. The difference could swing the proportion of patients managed with anticoagulation by ≈5%, which in the United States alone involves more than a quarter of a million individuals. Below, we describe the methodology behind stroke risk assessment for patients with AF and point out the heterogeneity of those near the lower end of the stroke risk spectrum. Response by Lip and Nielsen on p 1511 Stroke is the second leading cause of death, according to the World …
Comparison of maximum likelihood approaches for analysis of composite stress rupture data

Stress rupture is a sudden, stochastic failure mode that occurs in continuous unidirectional fiber composites and in particular composite overwrapped pressure vessels subject to long-term, steady loads. A common approach for modeling stress rupture is the probabilistic classic power-law model for material breakdown within a Weibull framework (CPL-W). This model includes a number of parameters, which need to be estimated from real data. These parameters may be estimated in a variety of different ways. This paper investigates how best to estimate the parameters of the CPL-W model given a set of experimental data for both composite strength and composite lifetime obtained at multiple stress levels. Eight different maximum likelihood estimation approaches are investigated regarding their differing errors of estimation. The accuracy of each method is estimated by repeated Monte Carlo simulations of specific instances of the CPL-W model typical of various carbon/epoxy and aramid/epoxy fiber composite systems; no actual experimental data are analyzed. One particular approach stands out as having the least estimation error while a commonly used approach does very poorly.
New Approaches to Evaluating and Monitoring Blood Pressure

Digital health innovations for hypertension include cuffless blood pressure sensors, wireless smartphone-enabled upper arm blood pressure monitors, mobile applications, and remote monitoring technologies. Wearable trackers have drawn interest from medical professionals and patients alike. They have the potential to improve hypertension control and medication adherence through easier logging of repeated blood pressure measurements, better connectivity with health-care providers, and medication reminder alerts. With increasing emphasis on home and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to confirm hypertension prior to treatment, such devices also can help improve the diagnostic landscape. However, privacy, accuracy, and cost concerns have prevented widespread clinical uptake. To foster implementation, device designers and clinical researchers should collaborate on development of rigorous clinical trials that test cardiovascular outcomes associated with emerging technologies. We review the current literature on mobile health technologies and novel diagnostic and management protocols and make recommendations on how to incorporate these innovations into practice.
Energetics of GaAs(100)-(2×4) and -(4×2) reconstructions

Formation energies for a variety of GaAs(100) surface structures have been calculated as a function of the atomic chemical potentials using the first-principles pseudopotential density-functional approach. We find that the surface transforms through four phases as the chemical potential varies across its accessible range. As the Ga chemical potential increases the surface transforms from an As-rich c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4) through two distinct (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4) structures and finally to a Ga-rich (4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) phase. The predicted structures account for most scanning tunneling microscopy observations for the c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4), (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4), and (4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) phases.
Migrant entrepreneurs and local networks in industrial districts

Abstract Migrant firms are increasing in local manufacturing systems. Their presence is expected to generate beneficial effects in host regions by stimulating trade flows and knowledge diffusion. However, the opportunity for migrant entrepreneurs to prosper depends on their ability to establish linkages with the local firm networks. Using an innovative database on Italian micro and small businesses, this paper investigates the performance of a sample of migrant and indigenous firms, providing evidence of a significant gap. The results suggest that manufacturing systems that exclude migrant firms are missing a key opportunity to integrate a valuable source of diversity.
The Local-Cosmopolitan Orientation and Traditional Religious Commitment

Some substantive issues involved in explaining variation in traditional religious commitment are examined in this paper, and an argument is put forth calling for new explanatory schemes. The local-cosmopolitan orientation is proposed as a predictor of traditional religiosity, viewing "localism' as a context of meaning for church-linked behavior and belief. This hypothesis is tested and substantiated with exploratory data from a sample of Southern Baptists. Moreover, the findings suggest that localism as a variable explains greater variance in five measures of religiosity, on the whole, than do structural variables such as age, education, occupational prestige, and sex. These results suggest that further attention to orientational factors is needed in devising more satisfactory theories of religious commitment.
The Physical and Athletic Performance Characteristics of Division I Collegiate Female Soccer Players by Position

Lockie, RG, Moreno, MR, Lazar, A, Orjalo, AJ, Giuliano, DV, Risso, FG, Davis, DL, Crelling, JB, Lockwood, JR, and Jalilvand, F. The physical and athletic performance characteristics of Division I collegiate female soccer players by position. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 334-343, 2018-Playing positions in soccer can exhibit different movement demands during a match, contributing to variations in physical and performance characteristics. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer features different substitution rules when compared to FIFA-sanctioned matches, which could influence each players' characteristics. Therefore, this study determined the athletic performance characteristics of Division I female soccer players. Twenty-six players (3 goalkeepers; 8 defenders; 10 midfielders; 5 forwards) from the same squad completed assessments of: lower-body power (vertical and standing broad jump); linear (0-5, 0-10, 0-30 meter [m] sprint intervals) and change-of-direction (pro-agility shuttle; arrowhead change-of-direction speed test) speed; and soccer-specific fitness (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test [YYIRT] levels 1 and 2). Players were split into position groups, and a Kruskal-Wallis H test with post hoc pairwise analyses (p ≤ 0.05) calculated significant between-group differences. There were no differences in age, height, or body mass between the positions. Midfielders had a faster 0-5 m time compared with the defenders (p = 0.017) and the goalkeepers (p = 0.030). The defenders (p = 0.011) and midfielders (p = 0.013) covered a greater YYIRT2 distance compared with the goalkeepers. There were no other significant between-position differences. Overall, Division I collegiate female players from the same squad demonstrated similar characteristics as measured by soccer-specific performance tests, which could allow for flexibility in position assignments. However, a relatively homogenous squad could also indicate commonality in training prescription, particularly regarding acceleration and high-intensity running. Strength and conditioning coaches may have to consider the specific movement demands of individual positions when training these capacities.
Aristotle, Thought, and Mimesis: Our Responses to Fiction

Face au paradoxe de la tragedie qui consiste a eprouver par la mimesis des emotions non reelles, l'A. etudie la reponse aristotelicienne au statut non actuel de la peur et de la pitie dans la fiction. Soulevant la question de la ressemblance, de la qualite et de la dimension narrative des emotions, l'A. explique nos reactions a la mimesis par la distinction entre la pensee et la croyance.
Almost Psychiatry: The Impact of Teaching Child and Adolescent Mental Health Studies to Undergraduate College Students.

The Child and Adolescent Mental Health Studies (CAMS) program is housed in a Liberal Arts undergraduate college of a large research university. Psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and social workers at the university’s medical center teach the courses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which CAMS encourages graduates of the program to pursue a career in child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). In 2015–2016, graduates of the CAMS program were invited to participate in a mixed methods study. In addition to statistical analyses, qualitative thematic analyses were performed to interpret free-text responses. Forty-five percent (314/702) of invited graduates completed the online survey. Interviews were conducted with 11% (34/314) of participants by study staff over the phone. Quantitative results suggested that 81% (149/185) of participants enrolled in educational programs after graduation due to an interest in CAMH. A significantly higher proportion of the total sample (t = 3.661, p < .001) reported that they changed their career goals while undergraduate students compared to those who did so after graduation. Results of qualitative interviews with 34 participants uncovered five key themes unique to CAMS that may explain the program’s influence on graduates’ career choices and career development: practitioners-as-instructors, instructor mentorship, novel course content, experiential learning opportunities, and career training and skills. Quantitative and qualitative results indicated that teaching college undergraduate students about CAMH encourages them to set career goals within the field. These findings suggest the utility of implementing similar programs at other undergraduate colleges.
Environmental Influence of Epigenetics

The epigenetics of an individual is in part built through an intrinsic program, such as an inherited template, and in part built by inputs of the environment. The latter improvises or in some cases permanently changes, the performance of genes from their normal course leads to structural or functional alterations. The influence of the environment is not limited to the contemporary stages; many may be traced before birth or transgenerational to their parental or ancestral time. This chapter reviews the environment, which have been found to influence the epigenetics to cast their actions. The exerting environment is divided here into mental or physiological environment, including enriched environment, learning experience, stress, etc., and the hazardous or chemical environment, including heavy metals, prescription drugs, and addictive substances. This review focuses on the links between the environment and its effect on various elements of epigenetics, and their influence on gene transcription.
Clinical and immunological response to nifedipine for the treatment of interstitial cystitis.

AbstractNifedipine is a calcium channel antagonist known to inhibit smooth muscle contraction and cell-mediated immunity. The clinical and local immune response to nifedipine was investigated in an open trial with 10 female interstitial cystitis patients, whose disease was diagnosed according to the consensus criteria developed in 1987 at a National Institutes of Health workshop. To evaluate the symptoms and clinical response of the patients objectively we scored the symptoms of frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria and suprapubic pain on a scale of 0 to 2. Nifedipine was administered as a single daily dose determined by a dose-titration test. Urinary interleukin-2 inhibitor activity, a marker of cell-mediated inflammation, was measured using a murine interleukin-2 dependent cell line. Before nifedipine therapy the symptom scores (total of the 5 symptoms) ranged between 5 and 9, and after 2 months they ranged between 0 and 6. Of the 9 patients followed for at least 4 months only 1 failed to have a signifi...
AnaCoDa: analyzing codon data with Bayesian mixture models.

Summary AnaCoDa is an R package for estimating biologically relevant parameters of mixture models, such as selection against translation inefficiency, non-sense errors and ribosome pausing time, from genomic and high throughput datasets. AnaCoDa provides an adaptive Bayesian MCMC algorithm, fully implemented in C++ for high performance with an ergonomic R interface to improve usability. AnaCoDa employs a generic object-oriented design to allow users to extend the framework and implement their own models. Current models implemented in AnaCoDa can accurately estimate biologically relevant parameters given either protein coding sequences or ribosome foot-printing data. Optionally, AnaCoDa can utilize additional data sources, such as gene expression measurements, to aid model fitting and parameter estimation. By utilizing a hierarchical object structure, some parameters can vary between sets of genes while others can be shared. Genes may be assigned to clusters or membership may be estimated by AnaCoDa. This flexibility allows users to estimate the same model parameter under different biological conditions and categorize genes into different sets based on shared model properties embedded within the data. AnaCoDa also allows users to generate simulated data which can be used to aid model development and model analysis as well as evaluate model adequacy. Finally, AnaCoDa contains a set of visualization routines and the ability to revisit or re-initiate previous model fitting, providing researchers with a well rounded easy to use framework to analyze genome scale data. Availability and implementation AnaCoDa is freely available under the Mozilla Public License 2.0 on CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/AnaCoDa/).
Phase Space Reconstruction

SSA can also be used for phase space reconstruction. Unlike filtering and statistical prediction, which are classical arts, phase space reconstruction has a modern flavor.
The Drive Toward Code Enactment

The Kennedy Hearings heightened public awareness of the infant formula controversy. The period between the conclusion of the Kennedy Hearings in May 1978 and the enactment of the Code in May 1981 was marked by intense activity in the United States and in Europe. The activists had gained further credibility for their position, and the companies had seen an erosion in theirs. The infant formula controversy had become broader in scope by including the expressed concerns of the activists. From their viewpoint, the issue life cycle had already entered the problem identification stage and was moving toward the remedy and relief stage. They were now poised to build on the momentum already gained and accelerate the process.
Managerial Power Bases and Subordinates' Manifest Needs as Influences on Psychological Climate

This study investigated the-relative and interactive effects of manifest needs and managerial power bases as explanatory variables of psychological climate. Previously validated measures of the constructs were completed by 420 full-time employees in the United States of America. Using the dimensions of psychological climate as the dependent variables denoting managerial effectiveness, stepwise multiple regression analyses with the managerial power bases as explanatory variables indicated the amount of explained variance in dimensions of psychological climate ranged from two percent for autonomy to 52 percent for trust. Hierarchical multiple regression involved analyzing possible interactions of the managerial power bases with the manifest needs of the subjects. Results indicated four of the dimensions of psychological climate were affected by the interaction of the supervisor power bases and manifest needs of the subordinate. The influence of managers on the psychological climate was discussed.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Misspecified Dynamic Models

In this paper we present a number of results which describe the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters of a dynamic model which is incorrectly or incompletely specified. We provide conditions which ensure the existence of the Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimator (QMLE) and its consistency for the parameters of an approximation to the unknown true probability density which has optimal information theoretic properties. The ability of the QMLE to consistently estimate certain parameters of interest despite misspecification is investigated. We give conditions ensuring the asymptotic normality of the QMLE together with conditions under which its asymptotic covariance matrix may be consistently estimated. Two model specification tests are briefly discussed.
Risky Work, Fateful Play: Chinese Customs Inspectors and the Compossibility of Fortune

This article examines how customs inspectors in contemporary China manage the ongoing suspicions of their bureau and their own moral careers through two distinct models for dealing with uncertainty...
Analyzing Exfordance Use by Unilateral Upper-Limb Amputees* This work was supported by the US Army Medical Research & Materiel Command, grant W81XWH-14-1-0277.

Humans often use features of their environment for assistance in picking up and manipulating objects or in stabilizing their own bodies. This ‘exfordance’ use occurs when external contact or gravitational or inertial forces are utilized to aid in task completion or stabilization. This paper presents a categorization of exfordance use and applies the new framework to quantifying how experienced unilateral upper-limb amputees use of exfordances during everyday activities, both in their affected and unaffected limbs. Head-mounted cameras were used to record video footage of participants in their homes while they completed self-selected activities of daily living. A total of 35 minutes of dense manipulation footage has been analyzed for each of 5 trans-radial amputees with different prosthetic devices, resulting in over 4,700 instances of observed exfordance use. The results indicate that participants used exfordance-based vs. non exfordance-based manipulation strategies approximately the same amount with both their intact and prosthetic hands, after adjusting for overall hand use. Furthermore, the specific exfordance use strategies vary substantially between limbs, with participants using environmental surfaces such as tables to guide the motion of their unaffected hand more frequently than with their prosthetic hand, possibly due to increased control and passive conformation ability. Also, participants used gravity-based exfordances (e.g. hanging a towel over the hand) much more frequently with their prosthetic, likely due to its reduced grasping capabilities.
Convection Initiation in Climate Models Using the Heated Condensation Framework: A Review

This chapter presents a review of the Heated Condensation Framework (HCF) theory and applications. The HCF offers an alternative approach to methods of parameterizing convection based on parcel theory. Formulated to take into account the role of atmospheric mixing within the boundary layer, the HCF uses profiles of temperature and humidity to quantify how conditioned the atmosphere is to moist free convection. The initiation of convection is evaluated based on both the availability of large-scale convective instability and local surface heating. Therefore, the HCF can be applied as a trigger function for convective parameterizations. When compared to conventional convective trigger criteria, the HCF triggers returns less false positives, and when implemented into the CFSv2 model, the HCF trigger improves the representation of the Indian monsoon and tropical cyclone intensity. From a climate perspective, applying the HCF trigger to the Community Earth System Model reduces convective overactivity in the model and improves the frequency of intense precipitation events. The use of the HCF as a convective trigger is still under active investigation, and strategies for including the effects of remote dynamical forcings and model sub-grid triggering are being explored.
COMPUTATIONAL GENERATION INHIBITOR-BOUND CONFORMERS OF P38 MAP KINASE AND COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTS

The p38 MAP kinases play a critical role in regulating stress-activated pathways, and serve as molecular targets for controlling inflammatory diseases. Computer-aided efforts for developing p38 inhibitors have been hampered by the necessity to include the enzyme conformational flexibility in ligand docking simulations. A useful strategy in such complicated cases is to perform ensemble-docking provided that a representative set of conformers is available for the target protein either from computations or experiments. We explore here the abilities of two computational approaches, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and anisotropic network model (ANM) normal mode analysis, for generating potential ligand-bound conformers starting from the apo state of p38, and benchmark them against the space of conformers (or the reference modes of structural changes) inferred from principal component analysis of 134 experimentally resolved p38 kinase structures. ANM-generated conformations are found to provide a significantly better coverage of the inhibitor-bound conformational space observed experimentally, compared to MD simulations performed in explicit water, suggesting that ANM-based sampling of conformations can be advantageously employed as input structural models in docking simulations.
Simultaneous variable and factor selection via sparse group lasso in factor analysis

This paper considers variable and factor selection in factor analysis. We treat the factor loadings for each observable variable as a group, and introduce a weighted sparse group lasso penalty to t...
Information-Theoretic Model Predictive Control: Theory and Applications to Autonomous Driving

We present an information-theoretic approach to stochastic optimal control problems that can be used to derive general sampling-based optimization schemes. This new mathematical method is used to develop a sampling-based model predictive control algorithm. We apply this information-theoretic model predictive control scheme to the task of aggressive autonomous driving around a dirt test track, and compare its performance with a model predictive control version of the cross-entropy method.
Use of a home-based dependent group contingency system in controlling destructive behavior: A case study.

(1983). Use of a Home-Based Dependent Group Contingency System in Controlling Destructive Behavior: A Case Study. School Psychology Review: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 195-199.
Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata)

Sexually dimorphic traits are widespread across metazoans and are often the result of sex-specific inheritance or sex-based differences in gene expression. Intersexual differences have even been observed in invertebrate venoms, although the identification of these differences has been limited to the more well-studied groups, such as scorpions and spiders, where sex-based differences in morphology and behavior are apparent. Recent studies on centipede venom have identified evidence of intraspecific variation, but intersexual differences have not been reported. To investigate the potential for sex-based differences in centipede venom composition, we performed reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses on five male and 15 female eastern bark centipedes (Hemiscolopendra marginata) from the Apalachicola National Forest in northern Florida. After detecting a significant sex-based difference in H. marginata venom composition, we completed a high-throughput venom-gland transcriptomic and venom proteomic analysis of one male and one female to determine the genetic basis for differences in venom composition. We identified 47 proteomically confirmed toxins and 717 nontoxin transcripts in H. marginata venom-glands. Of these proteomically confirmed toxins, the most abundantly expressed in the male venom included ion channel-modulating toxins and toxins so divergent from any characterized homologs that they could not be given a functional classification, whereas the most abundantly expressed in the female venom were γ-glutamyl transferases and CAPs (cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins). These differences were then confirmed by performing replicate LC-MS/MS analyses on the venom from an additional three male and three female H. marginata. Our RP-HPLC and high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic approach resulted in not only an in-depth characterization of H. marginata venom, but represents the first example of sex-based variation in centipede venoms.
Acetabular Fracture Around a Birmingham Hip Resurfacing Prosthesis: A Case Report.

Case A traumatic displaced transverse periprosthetic acetabular fracture around a well-functioning Birmingham hip resurfacing prosthesis was treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The acetabular component was found to be well-fixed intraoperatively and did not require revision. The patient recovered with excellent clinical and radiographic results at the 1-year follow-up with a Harris Hip Score of 94. Conclusions Internal fixation, rather than revision arthroplasty, offers acceptable outcomes in patients with periprosthetic acetabular fractures about well-fixed hip resurfacing prostheses. Radiographic and intraoperative assessment of stability is critical in guiding treatment.