cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Self-Serving Bias in Children's Memories?

Although children's initial perceptions and judgments about sociomoral situations are being actively explored, little is known about what children remember about them. In four experiments testing over 400 children, we investigated children's memories for small acts of giving and taking. When asked to recall their own giving and taking, children were relatively accurate following a number of delays. In contrast, when asked to recall a child's giving or taking, children exaggerated the child's taking after a 1-day or 1-week delay. Notably, this pattern of misremembering occurred only when children recalled the actions of a child but not an adult. We consider the idea that children spontaneously engage in social comparison, which colors their memories of the social world.
Sicherheitswert und Vorhersagewert von Qualitätssignalen

The present article is concerned with the determinants of the use of extrinsic product attributes as signals of product quality exemplary for country of origin. A two-stage conjoint analysis has been performed and validated to separate the quality effect from the overall country of origin-effect. As the results of the first experiment show, consumers are using an extrinsic attribute as an indicator of quality only if the attribute has a high predictive value as well as a high confidence value. Based on covariation assessment theory a high predictive value of country of origin is the result of prior expectations that high quality technological products can only be manufactured properly in a few advanced countries. In accordance with theory of information economics the confidence value is influenced by the perceived verifiability of the signal. Accordingly the confidence value of country of origin is high, only if consumers perceive low international interpenetration of production processes. A second experiment has been conducted to analyze the effect of additional information of high credible communicators on predictive value. The results show that additional information can change the predictive value in the intended direction. Contrary to the hypotheses there was no stronger effect of extrem compared to moderate discrepant additional information. The results rather give indications for a weak credibility of extrem discrepant additional information even from high credible sources.
Regulation of Substance P Immunoreactivity in GABA Neurons of Monkey Visual Cortex by Sensory Deprivation

Until recently it has generally been considered that sub stance P (SP) immunoreactive neurons were absent from the mammalian cerebral cortex. There have now been three reports of the existence of SP-like immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortices of rats [1] and monkeys [2,3]. One problem in all these studies, however, was that the antisera used were directed against the C-terminal sequence of the peptide, a sequence that is conserved in the other mammalian tachykinins [4]. In the present report, we provide evidence for the presence of SP-like immunoreactivity in cortical cells, based upon immunocytochemistry using an antiserum directed against other sequences of SP. In addition, we show that there are two populations of putative SP cortical neurons. In one, SP immunoreactivity is colocalized with that for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), in the other with immunoreactivity for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin (SRIF). Furthermore, in the monkey visual cortex, SP and GABA levels are regulated by visual experience [5].
Late-Life Sleep and Sleep Disorders

The etiology and course of sleep complaints and disorders in older adults is often complicated, which is partially attributable to changes in social rhythms (e.g., retirement) and other age-related factors (e.g., increases in medical, physical, cognitive, and psychological complaints and conditions). Geropsychologists should be aware of the nuances involved in the differential diagnostic assessment of normal age-related sleep changes versus sleep disorders and other comorbidities among older adults. There are numerous diagnosable sleep disorders that can manifest during older adulthood; however, this chapter will discuss the three most prevalent: insomnia, advanced sleep phase disorder, and sleep-disordered breathing. We will begin with a brief background of the epidemiology and ontogeny of late-life sleep, followed by an overview of sleep assessment in the older adult, and concluding with a review of evidence-based sleep treatments and discussion of future directions.
EDA-gram: Designing electrodermal activity fingerprints for visualization and feature extraction

Wearable technology permeates every aspect of our daily life increasing the need of reliable and interpretable models for processing the large amount of biomedical data. We propose the EDA-Gram, a multidimensional fingerprint of the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal, inspired by the widely-used notion of spectrogram. The EDA-Gram is based on the sparse decomposition of EDA from a knowledge-driven set of dictionary atoms. The time axis reflects the analysis frames, the spectral dimension depicts the width of selected dictionary atoms, while intensity values are computed from the atom coefficients. In this way, EDA-Gram incorporates the amplitude and shape of Skin Conductance Responses (SCR), which comprise an essential part of the signal. EDA-Gram is further used as a foundation for signal-specific feature design. Our results indicate that the proposed representation can accentuate fine-grain signal fluctuations, which might not always be apparent through simple visual inspection. Statistical analysis and classification/regression experiments further suggest that the derived features can differentiate between multiple arousal levels and stress-eliciting environments for two datasets.
Regulation of lysosomal dynamics and autophagy by CTSB/cathepsin B.

ABSTRACTCysteine cathepsins are responsible for driving proteolytic degradation within the lysosome and in the extralysosomal milieu. They also have an integral role in autophagy, antigen presentation, cellular stress signaling, metabolism and lysosome-dependent cell death. Here, we discuss our findings on the role of CTSB (cathepsin B), a member of the cysteine cathepsin family, in regulating the bioavailability of lysosomes and autophagosomes and consider how this regulatory response influences host susceptibility to infectious agents. Our study demonstrates that under homeostatic conditions CTSB cleaves the calcium channel MCOLN1/TRPML1 in the lysosomes, maintaining suppression of the transcription factor TFEB and reducing expression of lysosomal and autophagy-related proteins. This response controls the number of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the cell. However, the activity of CTSB is exploited by the cytosolic bacterium Francisella novicida, leading to enhanced survival of the pathogen and increase...
An Analysis of Psychoactive Drugs used in PD: A UF NPF-QII Study (S32.008)

OBJECTIVE: To examine psychoactive drugs used in a PD cohort and to describe clinical characteristics of patients using them. BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric problems are common in PD. Around 50-90[percnt] of patients will experience at least one symptom with depression, anxiety, sleep, and apathy being the most reported. As disease advances, these non-motor aspects are the most troublesome issues perceived by patients and have been found to significantly impair quality of life. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted during the period of 01/2013 to 11/2013 at the UF-CMDNR. Participants were selected from the NPF-QII database (UF site) and from the UF INFORM database. Additional data was obtained from electronic medical records. Demographics, clinical data, use of dopaminergics and psychoactive drugs were documented. For analysis, Chi-square and Student T tests were employed (SPSS version 19.0). RESULTS: A total of 647 subjects were reviewed. Sixty-seven percent (433/647) were on at least 1 psychoactive drug, of which 68[percnt] were male. The age was 68.5 ±10.4 years and the disease duration was 11.1 ±6.1 years. Mean “on” UPDRS-III was 29.8 ±12.4 points with H&Y stage of 2.6 ±0.9. Ninety-five percent were on levodopa and 29.8[percnt] on dopamine agonists. Antidepressants were used in 62[percnt] of the cohort, benzodiazepines in 45[percnt], cognitive enhancers in 36[percnt], and antipsychotics in 16[percnt]. Forty-four percent were using combination of classes, whereas 32[percnt] were on two, 11[percnt] were on three, and only 1[percnt] was on 4 classes of drugs. The most common were antidepressants with benzodiazepines (16[percnt]), antidepressants with cognitive enhancers (9[percnt]), and antidepressants, cognitive enhancers, and benzodiazepines in (5[percnt]). CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressants were the most frequently used medication either alone or in combination. Almost half of patients were on a combination of drugs. Clinicians should be familiar with the impact of these drugs on patient’s quality of life. Study supported by: NPF. Disclosure: Dr. Martinez-Ramirez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Giugni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eilers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bona has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shagholi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmed has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Jesus has nothing to disclose. Dr. Almeida has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rundle-Gonzalez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hastings has nothing to disclose. Dr. Okun has received royalty payments from Demos, Humana, Amazon, Smashwords, Books4Patients, and Cambridge. Dr. Okun has received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Parkinson Foundation, the Parkinson Alliance, the Smallwo
A tribute to those associated with this tribute, with great gratitude

ABSTRACTThe author expresses heartfelt gratitude for this special issue and to collaborators throughout his career. He notes that his fundamental commitment has been to conducting theoretical studies that are methodologically rigorous and socially relevant – increasingly in the form of engaged scholarship, and he reviews applied communication research publications across his career. He addresses three ongoing foci in connection with his current roles in technology management: small firms’ choice and use of advanced information and communication technologies to enable key interaction structures; team dynamics in start-up firms; and innovation in technology companies. Three challenges and opportunities for applied communication researchers are offered: the prevalence and importance of small businesses as sites for studies; the need for a larger number and wider range of fully developed theories that are grounded in communication and that have significant sway with practitioners; and conferences for communit...
Situating Socio-scientific Issues in Classrooms as a Means of Achieving Goals of Science Education

In considering what the science education community ought to be doing in terms of curricular and pedagogical innovations, teacher education, and research, I believe the field must consider two fundamental questions: (1) what should the goals of science education be and (2) how can these goals best be achieved? The question of what the goals of science education ought to be has been a long-standing issue. Debates on the meaning and purpose of scientific literacy have consistently explored this territory. Although the science education community is fairly united in its call to enhance scientific literacy for all students, there is considerably less agreement as to what constitutes scientific literacy. This volume does not take up the challenge of mapping out the landscape of scientific literacy; Doug Roberts’ (2007) chapter in the latest Handbook on Research in Science Education does an excellent job of summarizing and synthesizing the varied perspectives on this contentious construct.
Educating New Healthcare Providers for the Twenty-First Century

Healthcare providers are members of the larger society and will be profoundly affected by the value-based transformation of health care. The healthcare workforce of the twenty-first century must be capable of managing increasingly complex patient populations utilizing new care models. It must foster the skills to work collaboratively in inter-professional teams supplied with technological and system supports. Healthcare providers must also be able to work collaboratively with patients in a shared effort to promote better health.
Infertility in Women: An Update

Abstract Objective To review pharmacologic therapy of infertility disorders in women. Data Sources Current clinical literature. Study Selection Not applicable. Data Extraction Not applicable. Data Synthesis The complex interplay of hormones and cells is the focus of most pharmacotherapeutic interventions in women with infertility problems. Treatment remains more of an art than a science at this time. Since the cause of infertility cannot be identified in many cases, practitioners use medications to overcome potential problems with anovulation, secondary ovarian failures, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, and hyperprolactinemia. This article reviews the use of clomiphene, human chorionic gonadotropin, menotropins such as human menopausal gonadotropin and urofollitropin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and dopamine agonists. Conclusion Although few pharmacists are closely involved in the treatment of women with infertility, they can be sources of information, monitor families for signs and symptoms of psychologic stress associated with treatments, and help patients with practical instructions.
Psychotherapy Supervision in the 1990s: Some Observations and Reflections

This paper identifies and discusses 10 broad-based themes or conclusions that could be drawn about the field of psychotherapy supervision now. These conclusions focus on various facets of clinical supervision theory, research, and practice; in so doing, they bring to light current supervision issues, problems, advances, and needs that seemingly merit our attention and consideration.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A NON-CRYSTALLINE FELINE KIDNEY STONE

This study concerns a peculiar kidney concretion that was produced by a 17+ year old female Burmese cat. The outward appearance of this stone, its hardness and gross inhomogeneity suggested that its chemical and mineralogical composition might be unusual and thus it was decided to carry out as complete a study as the 61.2 mg weight permitted.
Functionalization by Post-polymerization Processes

This chapter summarizes the current commercial method of a post-polymerization approach involving chemical modifications of the preformed polyolefin. Chemical modification of the existing commercial polymers presents an alternative to achieving the functionalization of polymers without the development of completely new polymerization processes. The approach circumvents the difficulties of catalyst poisoning by functional groups during the polymerization process. The modification reaction only incorporates the desirable functional groups into the polymer chain without changing the polymer structure and properties, such as molecular weight, melting temperature, and processability. The chapter discusses the basic chemistry of the free radical activation mechanism and associated free radical reactions. Many high-energy processes were applied in the hydrogen abstraction reaction of polyolefin. Radiation and plasma are commonly used in surface modifications of polymer films and membranes, and thermal process with external peroxide is commonly used in polymer bulk modifications. The chapter also summarizes the commercial applications of bulk and surface modifications.
Diagnostic audiology pocket guide

Steiger and Miller’s Diagnostic Audiology Pocket Guide is a straightforward proposition, a convenient resource that should be of benefit primarily to students and recent graduates. Tests, and in mo...
Evaluation and clinical correlations of bone marrow angiogenesis in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

Recent observations have underscored the biologic relevance of intratumoral angiogenesis and its potential impact on prognosis. Increased bone marrow angiogenesis has been demonstrated in a variety of hematologic disorders, including multiple myeloma. The extent and prognostic significance of bone marrow angiogenesis in 114 patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) was investigated. A control group of 44 patients without bone marrow disease, 15 patients with polycythemia vera, and 17 patients with essential thrombocythemia was also studied. Bone marrow microvessel density was assessed by a semiquantitative method, visual microvessel grading, and 2 separate quantitative methods, visual count and computerized image analysis. Angiogenesis estimation by all 3 methods was highly comparable. On visual microvessel grading, a grade 3 or 4 increase in bone marrow angiogenesis was demonstrated in 70% of patients with MMM, 33% of patients with polycythemia vera, 12% of patients with essential thrombocythemia, and 0% of normal controls. In a multivariate analysis, increased angiogenesis in MMM correlated significantly with increased spleen size and was found to be a significant and independent risk factor for overall survival. Increases in marrow angiogenesis correlated with hypercellularity and megakaryocyte clumping. In contrast, these 2 features were inversely proportional to reticulin fibrosis, whereas increases in marrow angiogenesis were independent of reticulin fibrosis. These preliminary findings suggest that neo-angiogenesis is an integral component of the bone marrow stromal reaction in MMM and may provide useful prognostic information and a rationale for the therapeutic investigation of anti-angiogenic agents.
Similarities and Dissimilarities in Spouses’ Narratives of Miscarriage: A Dyadic Analysis of Communicated Narrative Sense-Making and Well-Being

ABSTRACTDrawing upon communicated narrative sense-making (CNSM) theory, we explored how husbands and wives narratively make sense of their miscarriage and links to well-being. Specifically, we anal...
Mechanically Strong, Thermally Stable, and Flame Retardant Poly(ether imide) Terminated with Phosphonium Bromide

High mechanical strength, thermal stability, and flame retardancy are three crucial criteria for high-performance polymers to be suitable for aerospace applications. Most polymers, however, cannot meet the three criteria simultaneously. Herein, phosphonium bromide-terminated poly(ether imide)s (PEI-PhPPh3Br) simultaneously possessing high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and flame retardancy were synthesized by functionalizing dianhydride-terminated poly(ether imide)s (PEI-DA) with triphenyl-4-aminophenylphosphonium bromide. With the judiciously designed end group, PEI-PhPPh3Br exhibited excellent tensile properties, thermal stability, and flame retardancy. Importantly, PEI-PhPPh3Br with a molecular weight of 12 kDa [PEI-PhPPh3Br (12k)] showed a tensile strength of 109 ± 4 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 2.75 ± 0.12 GPa, much higher than those of the noncharged PEI analogue. Additionally, PEI-PhPPh3Br (12k) showed outstanding flame retardancy, better than the state-of-the-art commercial PEIs, as evide...
Mockingbirds imitate frogs and toads across North America.

Abstract Vocal mimicry is taxonomically widespread among birds, but little is known about mimicry of non-avian models. Prior studies show preferential imitation of avian models whose sounds are acoustically similar to the non-imitative songs of the vocal mimic. Based on these studies and anecdotes about frog imitations by northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos), we hypothesized which anuran models would be most likely to get imitated by mockingbirds across their geographic range. We tested our hypothesis using >40 h of archived mockingbird recordings. Our results showed that mockingbirds imitated at least 12 anuran species, and calls were disproportionately mimicked when they contained dominant frequencies within the vocal range of the mockingbird (750–7000 Hz). Mockingbirds also frequently modified model anuran sounds by leaving out formants and/or truncating call duration. Our results represent the most comprehensive survey for any mimicking species of the imitation of anurans.
Pork Products Have Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Scores (DIAAS) That Are Greater Than 100 When Determined in Pigs, but Processing Does Not Always Increase DIAAS.

Background Raw meat contains all indispensable amino acids (IAAs), but before human consumption, meat usually undergoes some degree of processing. Processing affects the 3-dimensional structure of proteins, which may affect amino acid (AA) digestibility and, therefore, overall protein quality. Objectives The experiment aimed at determining digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) for pork products, and to test the hypothesis that processing increases DIAAS. Methods Ten ileal cannulated gilts (body weight: 26.63 ± 1.62 kg) were randomly allotted to a 10 × 10 Latin square design with ten 7-d periods. Ileal digesta were collected for 9 h on days 6 and 7 of each period. Nine diets contained a single pork product (i.e., raw belly, smoked bacon, smoked-cooked bacon, non-cured ham, alternatively cured ham, conventionally cured ham, and loins heated to 63°C, 68°C, or 72°C) as the sole source of AAs. A nitrogen-free diet was formulated to determine basal endogenous losses of AAs, which enabled calculation of standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AAs. DIAAS were subsequently calculated according to the FAO. Results All pork products had DIAAS >100 (as-is basis). Loin heated to 63°C had the greatest (P Conclusions Bacon, ham, and loin are excellent proteins with DIAAS >100, and processing may sometimes, but not always, increase DIAAS.
Functional diversity of human intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a subset of cells that participate in image-forming and non-image-forming visual responses. Although both functional and morphological subtypes of ipRGCs have been described in rodents, parallel functional subtypes have not been identified in primate or human retinas. In this study, we used a human organ donor preparation method to measure human ipRGCs' photoresponses. We discovered three functional ipRGC subtypes with distinct sensitivities and responses to light. The response of one ipRGC subtype appeared to depend on exogenous chromophore supply, and this response is conserved in both human and mouse retinas. Rods and cones also provided input to ipRGCs; however, each subtype integrated outer retina light signals in a distinct fashion.
The Political Economy of Fascism: Evidence from Greece

Prevailing theories of fascism reject the proposition that fascism offers a distinct outlook on political economy. Contemporary fascist political parties, I argue, belie this claim. Neofascism has ...
Consumption correlatedness and risk measurement in economies with non-traded assets and heterogeneous information

Abstract A technique is presented for deriving equilibrium models of asset risk premia in continuous time models which does not require the complete solution of a consumer's continuous time stochastic control problem. The technique is used to show that even if traders have heterogeneous information about asset returns and/or there are non-traded assets, then the risk premium of a traded asset is determined by the covariance between the asset's return and the rate of change in per capita consumption. We only require the assumption that traders' consumptions and traded asset values form an Ito process.
The Utility of Ultrasound in Airway Management

As technology and portability have improved, ultrasound use has continued to find more valuable and diverse applications in modern medicine. Two of the more novel applications of ultrasound include both assessment and management of the airway. Currently, clinicians generally depend on a combination of conventional physical exam findings such as thyromental distance, Mallampati score, and degree of oral opening to help predict potential difficult airway management. However, these conventional assessments can still leave the practitioner vulnerable to the dreaded “cannot intubate” and “cannot ventilate” scenario. Several small studies have shown that ultrasound use can help to increase the sensitivity and specificity in predicting a potential difficult airway and to help facilitate emergent or difficult airway management. This chapter will detail the current scope of ultrasound use for airway assessment and management.
Improving Patient Education of Facial Fractures Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography.

ObjectiveAdvances in 3-dimensional modeling have revolutionized presurgical planning for maxillofacial reconstruction, yet little is known about how this technology may affect patient education. Th...
Genetic and environmental influences of variation in diffusion MRI measures of white matter microstructure.

Quantitative neuroimaging studies in twin samples can investigate genetic contributions to brain structure and microstructure. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies with twin samples have shown moderate to high heritability in white matter microstructure. This study investigates the genetic and environmental contributions of another widely used diffusion MRI model not yet applied to twin studies, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). The NODDI model is a multicompartment model of the diffusion-weighted MRI signal, providing estimates of neurite density (ND) and the orientation dispersion index (ODI). A cohort of monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins (N = 460 individuals) between 13 and 24 years of age were scanned with a multi-shell diffusion weighted imaging protocol. Select white matter (WM) regions of interest (ROI) were extracted. Biometric structural equation modeling estimated the relative contributions from additive genetic (A) and common (C) and unique environmental (E) factors. Genetic factors for the NODDI measures accounted for 91% and 65% of the variation of global ND and ODI, respectively, compared with 83% for FA. We observed higher heritability for ND than both FA and ODI in 25 of 30 discrete white matter regions that we examined, suggesting ND may be more sensitive to underlying genetic sources of variation. This study demonstrated that genetic factors play a key role in the development of white matter microstructure using both DTI and NODDI.
Sink/Float Magnetic Immunoassays for In-Field Bioassays

Analytical tests/devices that are used outside laboratory settings are required to have a very simple analytical protocol to get clearance by regulatory authorities. This study describes sink/float magnetic immunoassays, a new type of rapid, mix-and-observe, instrument-free tests for the detection of biomarkers in untreated biological samples that are very simple and might meet the simple-to-use criterium of authorities to be used in the field. These tests can tell whether an analyte is above or below a predetermined level within 25-45 minutes based on the sinking or floating of a mm-sized sphere on the surface of which an immunoassay that use reporter antibodies conjugated to superparamagnetic nanoparticles is performed. This manuscript describes the theory and proof-of-concept applications of sink/float magnetic immunoassays for the detection of C-Reactive Protein, anti- Treponema pallidum antibodies and E.coli bacteria.
Another Piece of the Puzzle of Anomalous Connectivity in Joubert's Syndrome.

We report on the conventional and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings of a 2-year-old child with clinical presentation of Joubert's Syndrome (JS) and brainstem structural abnormalities as depicted by neuroimaging. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a “molar tooth” configuration of the brainstem. A band-like formation coursing in an apparent axial plane anterior to the interpeduncular fossa was noted and appeared to partially cover the interpeduncular fossa. DTI maps and three-dimensional (3D) tractography demonstrated a prominent red-encoded white matter bundle anterior to the midbrain. Probable aberrant course of the bilateral corticospinal tracts (CST) was also depicted. Absence of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles and elongated thickened, horizontal superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) reflecting the molar tooth sign were also shown. Our report and the review of the published cases suggest that DTI and tractography may be very helpful to differentiate between interpeduncular heterotopias and similarly located white matter bundles corroborating the underlying etiology of axonal guidance disorders in the complex group of ciliopathies including JS. Our case represents an important additional puzzle piece to explore the variability of these ciliopathies.
Identifying Subclinical Hearing Loss: Extended Audiometry and Word Recognition in Noise.

INTRODUCTION Normal-hearing people often have complaints about the ability to recognize speech in noise. Such disabilities are not typically assessed with conventional audiometry. Suprathreshold temporal deficits might contribute to reduced word recognition in noise as well as reduced temporally based binaural release of masking for speech. Extended high-frequency audibility (>8 kHz) has also been shown to contribute to speech perception in noise. The primary aim of this study was to compare conventional audiometric measures with measures that could reveal subclinical deficits. METHODS Conventional and extended high-frequency audiometry was done with 119 normal-hearing people ranging in age from 18 to 72. The ability to recognize words in noise was evaluated with and without differences in temporally based spatial cues. A low-uncertainty, closed-set word recognition task was used to limit cognitive influences. RESULTS In normal-hearing listeners, word recognition in noise ability decreases significantly with increasing pure-tone average (PTA). On average, signal-to-noise ratios worsened by 5.7 and 6.0 dB over the normal range, for the diotic and dichotic conditions, respectively. When controlling for age, a significant relationship remained in the diotic condition. Measurement error was estimated at 1.4 and 1.6 dB for the diotic and dichotic conditions, respectively. Controlling for both PTA and age, EHF-PTAs showed significant partial correlations with SNR50 in both conditions (ρ = 0.30 and 0.23). Temporally based binaural release of masking worsened with age by 1.94 dB from 18 to 72 years old but showed no significant relationship with either PTA. CONCLUSIONS All three assessments in this study demonstrated hearing problems independently of those observed in conventional audiometry. Considerable degradations in word recognition in noise abilities were observed as PTAs increased within the normal range. The use of an efficient words-in-noise measure might help identify functional hearing problems for individuals that are traditionally normal hearing. Extended audiometry provided additional predictive power for word recognition in noise independent of both the PTA and age. Temporally based binaural release of masking for word recognition decreased with age independent of PTAs within the normal range, indicating multiple mechanisms of age-related decline with potential clinical impact.
The intrafamilial transmission of rheumatoid arthritis. 3. The lack of support for a genetic hypothesis

Abstract This report does not support a conclusion that heredity is an important feature of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Errors that might have contributed to earlier conclusions have been discussed.
Normal Values for Intercanthal Distances of 5- to 11-Year-Old American Blacks

From measurement of the distances between the medial canthi, lateral canthi, and the pupils of 580 black boys and 639 black girls, we present values for these dimensions for 5- to 11-year-old normal subjects. With use of the cranial circumference, we also give normal values for two clinically used indices, the canthal and the circumference-interorbital. Compared with previously published standards, the intercanthal and interpupillary values for black boys significantly exceed those of white boys with only three exceptions involving interpupillary distance, and the values for black girls exceed those of white girls with just two exceptions, one each of the lateral canthal and interpupillary distances. Thus, we suggest that the measurements of a patient be compared with normal standards specific for race as well as age and sex. In contrast, values for neither the canthal nor the circumference-interorbital index of the blacks differed from values available for whites. Consideration of the position of eyes is relevant to the diagnosis of a large number of syndromes.
Occurrence of Hydroxypyruvate—l-Glutamate Transaminase in Escherichia coli and Its Separation from Hydroxypyruvate-Phosphate—l-Glutamate Transaminase

Blatt, L. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), F. E. Dorer, and H. J. Sallach. Occurrence of hydroxypyruvate-l-glutamate transaminase in Escherichia coli and its separation from hydroxypyruvate-phosphate-l-glutamate transaminase. J. Bacteriol. 92:668-675. 1966.-The formation of l-serine from hydroxypyruvate by a transamination reaction with l-glutamate has been demonstrated in extracts of Escherichia coli. The level of activity with hydroxypyruvate is approximately one-tenth that observed with hydroxypyruvate-phosphate in cell-free extracts. The transamination of hydroxypyruvate, but not hydroxypyruvate-phosphate, is inhibited by inorganic phosphate. No marked differences in the levels of activity with hydroxypyruvate were observed in extracts from bacteria grown under different conditions. Heat treatment of enzyme preparations at 65 C rapidly destroys the activity with hydroxypyruvate-phosphate, but not that with hydroxypyruvate. Fractionation of extracts with lithium sulfate and alumina Cgamma resulted not only in a 10-fold purification, but also in a complete separation of the two activities, thereby establishing that two different enzymes are involved in the transamination of hydroxypyruvate and hydroxypyruvate-phosphate. Hydroxypyruvate transaminase is present in two mutants that require serine for growth. The inability of hydroxypyruvate to replace the growth requirement for serine, even to a limited extent, was shown to be due to the inability of the bacteria to accumulate this compound actively.
Recurrent Network as a Nonlinear Line Attractor for Skin Color Association

A novel learning algorithm for pattern association in a recurrent neural network is proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional model in which the memory is stored in an attractive fixed point at discrete location in state space, the dynamics of the proposed learning algorithm represents memory as a line of attraction. The region of convergence at the line of attraction is defined by the statistical characteristics of training data. The performance of the learning algorithm is compared with Bayesian model in experiments on skin color segmentation.
Studies on Cytochrome c Peroxidase: X. CRYSTALLINE APO- AND RECONSTITUTED HOLOENZYMES

Abstract The minimum acidity required for the cleavage of the heme-protein link by Teale's acid butanone method was determined for several ferric protohemoproteins. The cleavage of the link occurs at pH values approximately 1 unit higher in the presence than in the absence of 0.1 m NaF for all the hemoproteins examined. Cytochrome c peroxidase was cleaved into the heme and apoenzyme by a modification of Teale's method. Apoenzyme could be recombined with heme to form a reconstituted holoenzyme with properties indistinguishable from those of the original cytochrome c peroxidase. Both apoenzymes and reconstituted holoenzymes were crystallized as large prisms which may be suitable for physical measurements of single crystals.
Are Ethical Responses Linked to Locus of Control

Locus of control (LOC) has received considerable attention in the psychological literature. However, there is limited research and inconclusive results reported from the research examining its potential relationship to ethical beliefs and attitudes.
Families as Educational Settings

Sociocultural theory, social cognitive theory, and bioecological systems theory depict how children's learning occurs within the family. Physical characteristics of the home and parent language use provide a backdrop for children's education. Parents' beliefs that shape their educationally relevant behaviors include perceptions of the child's competencies, expectations, stereotypes, causal attributions, and values. Children learn from direct instruction and by observing behaviors modeled by their parents and siblings. Learning is also shaped by parents' school involvement and selection of children's out-of-home activities. Current scholarship explores cultural, national, and social class diversity in these processes using complex models and sophisticated data analytic strategies.
A radiation hybrid map of the BRCA1 region

A locus on chromosome 17q, designated "BRCA1," has been identified as a predisposition gene for breast cancer. A panel of chromosome 17-specific radiation-reduced somatic cell hybrid clones has been assembled for high-resolution mapping of chromosome 17. A series of 35 markers, known to span the BRCA1 locus, were tested against this hybrid panel by PCR assays. Statistical analysis of these data yields a BRCA1 radiation hybrid map at a density sufficient to initiate YAC cloning and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic mapping of the candidate region. In addition, many of the markers reveal genetic polymorphisms and may be tested in breast cancer families and in loss-of-heterozygosity studies of sporadic breast cancers to better define the BRCA1 gene candidate region.
Enhancing fatty acid ethyl ester production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through metabolic engineering and medium optimization.

Biodiesels in the form of fatty acyl ethyl esters (FAEEs) are a promising next generation biofuel due to their chemical properties and compatibility with existing infrastructure. It has recently been shown that expression of a bacterial acyl-transferase in the established industrial workhorse Saccharomyces cerevisiae can lead to production of FAEEs by condensation of fatty acyl-CoAs and ethanol. In contrast to recent strategies to produce FAEEs in S. cerevisiae through manipulation of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis or a series of arduous genetic manipulations, we introduced a novel genetic background, which is comparable in titer to previous reports with a fraction of the genetic disruption by aiming at increasing the fatty acyl-CoA pools. In addition, we combined metabolic engineering with modification of culture conditions to produce a maximum titer of over 25 mg/L FAEEs, a 40% improvement over previous reports and a 17-fold improvement over our initial characterizations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2200-2208. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ADMINISTRATION OF LARGE DOSES OF VITAMIN C DOES NOT DECREASE OXIDANT-INDUCED LUNG LIPID PEROXIDATION CAUSED BY BACTERIAL-INDEPENDENT ACUTE PERITONITIS

Acute zymosan-induced peritonitis in rats produces lung inflammation and lipid peroxidation. The effect of this process on plasma and lung tissue ascorbic acid was determined, as was the effect of infusing 150 mg/kg of ascorbic acid immediately after zymosan on the degree of lung insult. Ascorbic acid levels were significantly decreased in plasma and lung tissue at 24 h after zymosan, and lung tissue conjugated diene and neutrophil content was also significantly increased. Vitamin C infusion increased postzymosan plasma levels by 50% over normal control levels. However, lung tissue ascorbic acid was still decreased, and no decrease in the lung injury process was noted. Added ascorbic acid also did not prevent a decrease in plasma vitamin E with the peritonitis. We conclude that the amount of ascorbic acid given in this study did not diminish the lung oxidant inflammatory changes. An insufficient dose or inadequate time for plasma ascorbic acid to equilibrate with the lung cytosol are possible explanations for the lack of attenuation of lung oxidant stress.
IMMUNOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF HYPOPHYSEAL MAMMOTROPIC PREPARATIONS

THE ONLY EXPERIMENTS dealing with antisubstances to the lactogenic or mammotropic hormone that we are aware of are those of Kabak and Stulova (I) who induced a refractory state to prolactin in chronically injected pigeons, and Young (2) and Strangeways (3) who produced antisera against preparations of prolactin that still contained blood proteins. In our investigation we were interested in determining a), whether our mammotropic preparations were antigenic, b), whether they were species' specific antigens, c), whether the antibodies formed against them were cap' able of inhibiting their physiological activity, and d), whether their antihor'monal properties were species'specific.The beef and sheep mammotropic preparations used were made according to methods previously published (4). They stimulated pigeon crop growth in a total dose of 0.1 mg. when given subcutaneously for 4 days (macro'test), and caused milk secretion in post'estrous virgin guinea pigs in a total dose of 1.0 mg.
A Novel Mechanical Bioreactor System Allowing Simultaneous Strain and Fluid Shear Stress on Cell Monolayers

The causes, mechanisms, and biology of bone adaptation have been under intense investigation ever since Julius Wolff proposed that bone architecture is determined by mathematical laws as a result of mechanical loading. How bone responds to mechanical loads by converting the mechanical signals into chemical signals is known as mechanotransduction. The in vivo environment of bone is complex, and most studies of cell-level phenomena have relied on the use of in vitro experiments using mechanical bioreactors. The main types of bioreactors are fluid flow shear stress, tensile and/or compressive strain, and hydrostatic pressure [1–2]. Of these bioreactors, the most intuitive mechanical stimulus for bone would be the tensile and compressive strain bioreactors. However, many researchers now claim that shear stress via interstitial fluid flow in the lacunar-canalicular porosity is the primary mechanosensory stimulus [3]. A handful of studies have attempted to compare the effects of both of these mechanical stimuli on osteoblasts, but these studies are lacking in two respects [4–6]. First, if both fluid flow and strain are performed in the same bioreactor, the magnitude of one loading mode is explicitly determined through constitutive equations, while the other is only estimated. Second, if the magnitudes of the loading modes are able to be explicitly determined they are performed in different bioreactors, providing the cells different extracellular environments. Therefore, a highly controllable dual-loading mode mechanical bioreactor, as described and characterized in this study, is a necessary tool to further understand the mechanotransduction of bone.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The relation between form factors and the scaling functions in electroproduction and neutrino reactions

Abstract We show that the relation between the asymptotic behavior of the transition and isovector elastic form factors and the threshold behavior of the scaling functions suggested by Drell and Yan, West, and Bloom and Gilman follows from precocious scaling and the equal-time algebra of currents. The relation for the isocalar form factor depends on the nature of the J = 0 fixed pole.
An Online Thermodynamics Courseware

This article presents an online Thermodynamics courseware and how it can be used to enhance the learning experience of students. The courseware has been developed to present the materials in a dynamic and interactive fashion. It also includes a review section to help students in the preparation of the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam. Since its first implementation in summer 2000, this courseware has received overwhelming response from our students. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 11: 75–82, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10039
Determination of α and β parameters in approximate SCF MO theories

The formula proposed by Linderberg for the evaluation of the resonance integral is further investigated. Consistency requirements for theα parameters lead to an explanation of the Wolfsberg-Helmholz form forβ. The simple assumption thatβ is proportional to the overlap integral is improved. The dependency of a andβ values on the distance in a diatomic molecule in this approximation is presented and discussed.
Inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate growth by citrate and the effect of the background electrolyte

Abstract Pathological mineralization is a common phenomenon in broad range of plants and animals. In humans, kidney stone formation is a well-known example that afflicts approximately 10% of the population. Of the various calcium salt phases that comprise human kidney stones, the primary component is calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). Citrate, a naturally occurring molecule in the urinary system and a common therapeutic agent for treating stone disease, is a known inhibitor of COM. Understanding the physical mechanisms of citrate inhibition requires quantification of the effects of both background electrolytes and citrate on COM step kinetics. Here we report the results of an in situ AFM study of these effects, in which we measure the effect of the electrolytes LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl, and the dependence of step speed on citrate concentration for a range of COM supersaturations. We find that varying the background electrolyte results in significant differences in the measured step speeds and in step morphology, with KCl clearly producing the smallest impact and NaCl the largest. The kinetic coefficient for the former is nearly three times larger than for the latter, while the steps change from smooth to highly serrated when KCl is changed to NaCl. The results on the dependence of step speed on citrate concentration show that citrate produces a dead zone whose width increases with citrate concentration as well as a continual reduction in kinetic coefficient with increasing citrate level. We relate these results to a molecular-scale view of inhibition that invokes a combination of kink blocking and step pinning. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the classic step-pinning model of Cabrera and Vermilyea (C–V model) does an excellent job of predicting the effect of citrate on COM step kinetics provided the model is reformulated to more realistically account for impurity adsorption, include an expression for the Gibbs–Thomson effect that is correct for all supersaturations, and take into account a reduction in kinetic coefficient through kink blocking. The detailed derivation of this reformulated C–V model is presented and the underlying materials parameters that control its impact are examined. Despite the fact that the basic C–V model was proposed nearly 50 years ago and has seen extensive theoretical treatment, this study represents the first quantitative and molecular scale experimental confirmation for any crystal system.