cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postabortal hemolytic streptococcemia

Abstract Four cases of postabortal bacteremia, hemolytic streptococcic, with recovery under the use of polyvalent antistreptococcic serum are recorded. Illegal instrumentation to produce abortion is considered as the chief etiologic factor in the production of three of these infections. The dangers of nonaseptic procedures are made well evident when one considers that in a series of 100 women, seven harbored the hemolytic streptococcus in the cervical canal, and eleven others showed nonhemolytic types. A prompt diagnosis of the exact nature of such febrile conditions is best made by early, and if necessary, repeated blood cultures. Cervical cultures, if positive, and showing the same organism as that recovered from the blood stream, are of value in supporting the theory of the causation of these infections. Serum should be given early and in repeated doses, ranging from 50 to 100 c.c., depending upon clinical and laboratory findings. Reactions are the rule and vary from mild to severe chills and skin rashes. Desensitization may be necessary in cases of severe reactions. The action of the hemolytic streptococcus on the circulating blood has not been as severe as might have been supposed. The cases reported here showed but little pelvic pathology, the most noteworthy finding being a slight degree of peritonitis and parametritis. My indebtedness to Dr. John H. Girvin, Chief of the Gynecological Service, for permission to use the material upon which this report is based, is hereby acknowledged with thanks.
Artifactual processing of penicillin-binding proteins 7 and 1b by the OmpT protease of Escherichia coli.

Abstract Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) were visualized in strains of Escherichia coli that carried mutations in one or more of the following protease genes: tsp, degP, ptr, and ompT. In the absence of a functional ompT gene, PBPs 1b alpha and 7 were not processed to the shortened forms 1b beta and 8, respectively. Cleavage of PBPs 1b alpha and 7 could be restored by introduction of a plasmid carrying the wild-type ompT gene. These PBPs were processed only after cell lysis or after membrane perturbation of whole cells by freeze-thaw, suggesting that the cleavage was a nonspecific artifact due to contact with OmpT, an outer membrane protease, and that such processing was not biologically significant in vivo. The degradation of other PBPs during purification or storage may also be effected by OmpT.
Negative ion properties of trans 2,2′,6,6′-tetrafluoroazobenzene: Experiment and theory

Chemical bonding and the electronic structure of the trans 2,2',6,6'-tetrafluoroazobenzene negative ion have been studied using collision-induced dissociation as well as photodetachment-photoelectron spectroscopy and the experimental results for different properties were compared with the corresponding values calculated using ab initio quantum chemistry methods. The trans 2,2',6,6'-tetrafluoroazobenzene anion was prepared by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for the collision induced dissociation (CID) experiment and through thermal electron attachment in the photodetachment-photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The adiabatic electron affinity of trans 2,2',6,6'-tetrafluoroazobenzene was measured to be 1.3 ± 0.10 eV using 355 nm, 488 nm, and 532 nm photodetachment photons and the vertical detachment energy was measured to be 1.78 ± 0.10 eV, 2.03 ± 0.10 eV, and 1.93 ± 0.10 eV, respectively. The adiabatic electron affinity was calculated employing different ab initio methods giving values in excellent agreement with experimental results. Energy resolved collision induced dissociation experiment study of the precursor anion resulted in 1.92 ± 0.15 eV bond dissociation energy for the collision process yielding [C6H3F2](-) fragment ion at 0 K. Calculations using different ab initio methods resulted in a bond dissociation energy ranging from 1.79 to 2.1 eV at 0 K. Two additional CID fragment ions that appear at higher energies, [C6H2F](-) and [C6H](-), are not results of a single bond cleavage. The occurrence of [C6H](-) is of particular interest since it is the first anion to be observed in the interstellar medium.
Comparison of Theoretical and Flight-Measured Ionization in a Blunt Body Re-Entry Flowfield

Plasma diagnostic data from onboard Langmuir probes, reflectometers, antenna VSWR and beacon and telemetry attenuation for blunt body reentry flow field
The effects of D-penicillamine on the tissue distribution and excretion of lead.

Abstract Rats were given single iv doses (of 7 mg/kg) of lead. The effects of d -penicillamine (PCA) were studied 17 days later. PCA was administered as an iv infusion over 6 hr at 1.1 or 0.28 mmol/kg. Both the high dose and the low dose caused a pronounced increase in excretion of lead in the urine but not in the feces. Neither dose caused a reduction of the amount of lead in the soft tissues 3 days after treatment. The lower dose caused a significant increase in soft tissue lead 3 days after treatment, as did the high dose in animals killed immediately after administration of PCA. The lead-mobilizing effect of PCA was found inferior to the effect previously reported for ethylenediaminetetraacetate at equimolar doses under identical experimental conditions.
Bi-unique relations and the maturation of grammatical principles

The purpose of this paper is to argue for a maturational schedule in language development involving the gradual reformulation of UG-determined biunique relations. We investigate an early stage (about 2;0) in child Italian which shows object agreement with a participle for lexical objects, a phenomenon not attested in standard adult Italian. We provide an analysis for participle agreement in adult Italian, based on Spec-Head agreement. We then argue that the child analyzes participle phrases with direct objects as APs, rather than as transitive VPs, resulting in an extension of Spec-Head agreement to the relations between the participle and its object. This error on the part of the child, we argue, derives from the existence in the child's grammar of the maturationally-determined Unique External Argument Proto Principle (UEAPP), requiring every predicative element to have its own unique subject. Independent evidence for UEAPP is provided by the confirmed prediction that children in the object agreement stage do not use unergative verbs in the passato prossimo. Additional evidence from early Polish further confirms our analysis, and we further show that the null subject stage in child language follows from UEAPP. We conclude by outlining the maturational schedule we propose.
Cytoskeletal involvement in cotton fiber growth and development

Abstract The organization of cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls influences physical properties of the wall and thus cell expansion characteristics. Developing cotton fiber represents an excellent model system for the analysis of the biological regulation of cell wall patterns. Current research indicates that the cytoskeleton has a major role in directing the deposition and organization of cellulose microfibrils in the cell walls of many plant systems, including developing cotton fibers. Both microtubules and microfilaments appear to be involved in regulating changes observed in microfibril patterns during fiber development. The polylamellate architecture of the fiber wall can be attributed to changes in the orientation of cytoplasmic microtubules which appear to direct the orientation of microfibril deposition in each successive layer of the fiber wall. In the drug-induced absence of microtubules, cellulose is deposited in the fiber wall in a swirled pattern of bundled microfibrils. Interaction between adjacent microfibrils may influence cell wall organization on a localized level. In contrast to the direct involvement of microtubules on wall organization, microfilaments appear to be indirectly involved in the deposition of cellulose microfibrils. Current evidence indicates that microfilaments influence wall organization by controlling changes in microtubules patterns. Although a greater understanding of the relationship between the cytoskeleton and the fiber wall is needed, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that genetic manipulation of cytoskeletal components is one path toward future direct manipulation of cell expansion characteristic in many plant systems and may lead to improvements in the textile qualities of cotton fibers.
Tariffs and the current account with short-run capital specificity

Abstract Permanent tariff reductions are shown to result in a deterioration of the current account, even under intertemporal optimising by consumers. This is due to the assumption of short-run fixity and long-run mobility of capital.
Teaching Alphabetic Knowledge to Pre-School Children with Developmental Language Delay and with Typical Language Development.

Alphabetic knowledge is a strong predictor of academic success. This multiple baseline across subjects study examined the effect of an intensive intervention on the alphabetic knowledge offourpre-school children ages 3;7 to 4;10. Two children with developmental language delay (DLD) and two with typical language development (TL) participated in a seven-week intervention target-ing recognition and production of letter names and sounds. Learning varied considerably among children. Higher accuracy was noted in name recognition than production. Teacher and parent reports suggested that this intervention increased children s interest in learning letter names at home and school.
Evaluation of a quality control phantom for digital chest radiography.

Rationale and Objectives: To examine the effectiveness and suitability of a quality control (QC) phantom for a routine QC program in digital radiography. Materials and Methods: The chest phantom consists of copper and aluminum cutouts arranged to resemble the appearance of a chest. Performance of the digital radiography (DR) system is evaluated using high and low contrast resolution objects placed in the heart, lung, and subdiaphragm areas of the phantom. In addition, the signal levels from these areas were compared to similar areas from clinical chest radiographs. Results: The test objects included within the phantom were effective in assessing image quality except within the subdiaphragm area, where most of the low contrast disks were visible. Spatial resolution for the DR systems evaluated with the phantom ranged from 2.6 lp/mm to 4 lp/mm, falling within the middle of the line pair range provided. The signal levels of the heart and diaphragm regions relative to the lung region of the phantom were significantly higher than in clinical chest radiographs (0.67 versus 0.21 and 0.28 versus 0.10 for the heart and diaphragm regions, respectively). The heart-to-diaphragm signal level ratio, however, was comparable to those in clinical radiographs. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the attenuation characteristics of the phantom are somewhat different from actual chests, but this did not appear to affect the post-processing used by the imaging systems and usefulness for QC of these systems. The qualitative and quantitative measurements on the phantom for different systems were similar, suggesting that a single phantom can be used to evaluate system performance in a routine QC program for a wide range of digital radiography systems. This makes the implementation of a uniform QC program easier for institutions with a mixture of different digital radiography systems. 2001 American College of Medical Physics.
Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from soil following liquid manure applications using a unit response curve method

Abstract Quantitative information is critical in policy making related to the roles of agriculture in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A Unit Response (UR) curve method was developed in this study for modeling GHG emissions from soil after liquid manure applications. The emission sources (soils and liquid manures) are conceptualized as a set of linear cascaded chambers with equal storage-release coefficients, or two sets of cascaded chambers in parallel, each set having equal storage-release coefficients. The model is based on a two-parameter gamma distribution. Three parameters in this model denote the number of cascaded chambers, the storage-release coefficient, and the multiplier (referring to the total net emissions) added to the gamma distribution function. These parameters can be expressed as functions of site-specific background fluxes without applications of manure/fertilizer. The method was assessed with emissions data from five fields in Washington State. The results showed that at the WSU and Lynden sites, the average excess CH4 emissions due to manure applications were 0.39 and 0.17 kg CH4–C ha− 1, respectively; the average excess CO2 emissions were 216.50 and 25.20 kg CO2–C ha− 1, respectively; and the average excess N2O were 0.37 and 0.03 kg N2O–N ha− 1, respectively. The UR method may fill the gaps between field measurements, simple emission factor (EF) method, and complex process-oriented models. This method has the potential to be used for estimating additional GHG emissions due to manure/fertilizer applications.
Intractable incontinence in the elderly

The number of people living into extreme old age is rising exponentially in the USA, Europe and other developed countries. Urinary incontinence is prevalent in this population. While many very old (age > 75 years) incontinent individuals are relatively healthy and respond well to various treatments, a substantial proportion has impaired cognitive function and impaired mobility. These impairments make urinary incontinence much more difficult to assess, manage and cure than in younger populations. Irrespective of age and disability, a basic assessment of incontinence should be carried out to identify potentially reversible causes and indications for further evaluation. The outcome of such an assessment may not be cure or improvement of incontinence, but better quality of life and the prevention of morbid and expensive medical conditions that may result from poorly managed incontinence. Incontinence in this population should generally not be considered 'intractable' until a trial of noninvasive therapy (i.e. behavioural and/or pharmacological) has been undertaken. Some very frail elderly respond well to a toileting programme such as prompted voiding, and a small but significant proportion benefit from the careful addition of a bladder relaxant drug to the toileting programme. Others, depending on their ability and willingness to toilet and their preferences for further treatment, may be candidates for surgical intervention. Pads and garments should not be used so that they foster dependency, or as a primary treatment until other specific interventions have been tried. Indwelling catheters should be used only for specific and well-documented indications, because of the risks of urinary tract infection and sepsis associated with their long-term use. The dictionary defines 'intractable' as 'not easily relieved or cured'. In the elderly, cure for incontinence, and most other chronic conditions, is the exception rather than rule. Relief (or amelioration), improvement in function and quality of life, and the exclusion of treatable medical conditions that cause morbidity and expense when undiagnosed, are generally achievable and more important goals than complete cure.
Evaluating RVUs as a measure of workload for use in assessing fatigue

Physician work is not well defined and does not take into account all of the activities and tasks involved in interpreting cases. We observed 3 MSK radiologists reading 100 cases. We recorded types of cases, whether residents/fellows were present, total time per case, time spent teaching, and time for interruptions. There were residents/fellows present for 65% of the cases. On average, when residents/fellows were present it took significantly longer to read a case. Overall, prior studies were accessed for 25% of the cases, with radiographs and CT accessing them more than MRI and US. Time per case was significantly longer when prior studies were included. In terms of interruptions, 9.24% of the time was taken up by calls to/from other clinicians, talking to technologists, discussing case protocols, and technical problems. All interruptions occurred during a case review. We downloaded RVU data for the 3 radiologists and correlated them with the actual times per case. The overall correlation was 0.215. For a given RVU, the actual amount of time spent on the case varies. Radiologists spend more time per case than assigned RVUs account for. This underestimation contributes to expectations of increased workloads, leading potentially to more and more cases being read in shorter amounts of time leading to increased fatigue and stress that could lead to increases in error rates. In order to better address fatigue and stress in the radiology department we need to better understand the pressures radiologists face and possibly reevaluate the RVU system.
FRAMING THE CONVERSATION: JEWISH VOICES IN THE GERMAN SIXTIES

When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933 the Jewish population of the country stood at around 600,000. When, by May 1945, his reign of terror ended, most of those Jews had either...
Testing of laser components subjected to exposure in space

Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) missions provide an opportunity for developing space qualifiable materials by studying the response of novel materials when subjected to the synergistic effects of the harsh space environment. MISSE 6 was transported to the international Space Station (ISS) via STS 123 on March 11. 2008. The astronauts successfully attached the passive experiment containers (PEC) to external handrails of the international space station (ISS) and opened up for long term exposure. After more than a year of exposure attached to the station's exterior, the PEC with several hundred material samples returned to the earth with the STS-128 space shuttle crew that was launched on shuttle Discovery from the Kennedy Space Center, Fla., on Aug. 28. Meanwhile, MISSE 7 launch is scheduled to be launched on STS 129 mission. MISSE-7 was launched on Space Shuttle mission STS-129 on Atlantis was launched on November 16, 2009. This paper will briefly review recent efforts on MISSE 6 and MISSE 7 missions at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC).
Hematuria in a newborn infant caused by bladder hemangioma

A newborn boy had gross hematuria caused by hemangiomas of the bladder. The sonographic examination and the voiding cystourethrogram showed an irregular and thick bladder wall with a lesion extending into the vesical lumen. Cystoscopic examination and biopsy of the lesions were diagnostic of hemangioma. Immediately after lesion fulguration, the hematuria disappeared, and 3 weeks later the follow-up ultrasound examination showed resolution of the lesion. At 1 year, the patient's urinalysis and ultrasound scan were normal. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hematuria in a newborn caused by a bleeding hemangioma of the bladder.
Strategic marketing planning: a quality function deployment approach

Explores the application of quality function deployment (QFD) concept in strategic marketing planning. First discusses the literature of quality control concepts and marketing concepts, and the current thinking in strategic marketing planning. Then proposes that the QFD concept can be an ideal approach in the strategic marketing planning. The QFD approach maximizes benefits for both customers and companies in the long run, by first determining the customer’s needs, and then translating these needs into corporate goals and marketing objectives. Based on these goals and objectives, marketing strategies and marketing tactics could be developed and implemented to ensure the customers’ needs are met and company’s objectives are obtained.
Intrathecally administered flumazenil and PK 11195 precipitate abstinence syndrome in freely moving diazepam dependent rats

The central and peripheral benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor antagonists, flumazenil (FLU) and PK 11195 (PK), administered intrathecally (IT) to diazepam (DZ)-dependent rats produced a precipitated abstinence syndrome. The scores for abstinence increased with increasing dose of FLU but not with increasing dose of PK. Twitches and jerks increased with increased doses of both. Head and body tremors were produced by FLU, but not by PK. Neither FLU nor PK precipitated abstinence in controls. In DZ-dependent rats IT administered FLU and PK did not significantly change the spectral content and the total power of the EEG. The data indicate that an abstinence syndrome is precipitated at the spinal level in DZ-dependent rats and that both central and peripheral BZ receptors are involved.
Omission and commission in judgment and choice

Abstract Subjects read scenarios concerning pairs of options. One option was an omission, the other, a commission. Intentions, motives, and consequences were held constant. Subjects either judged the morality of actors by their choices or rated the goodness of decision options. Subjects often rated harmful omissions as less immoral, or less bad as decisions, than harmful commissions. Such ratings were associated with judgments that omissions do not cause outcomes. The effect of commission is not simply an exaggerated response to commissions: a reverse effect for good outcomes was not found, and a few subjects were even willing to accept greater harm in order to avoid action. The “omission bias” revealed in these experiments can be described as an overgeneralization of a useful heuristic to cases in which it is not justified. Additional experiments indicated that subjects' judgments about the immorality of omissions and commissions are dependent on several factors that ordinarily distinguish omissions and commissions: physical movement in commissions, the presence of salient alternative causes in omissions, and the fact that the consequences of omissions would occur if the actor were absent or ignorant of the effects of not acting.
Configuration dependent pressure potentials

Elementary vector methods and the path-independent definition of a conservative force are used to show that a position dependent pressure p on a closed surface is conservative and has the potential ∫R dV, where R is the region bounded by the surface. A useful definition of tensor cross product is introduced.
Precursive depression among HIV infected AIDS caregivers over time

This study examines depression among HIV infected AIDS caregivers, documenting and explaining variation in health within a stress proliferation framework. Longitudinal data for 376 HIV- and HIV+ caregiving men who self-identify as gay are analyzed to establish how changes in depression are influenced by care-related stressors and by being a member of the gay, HIV-affected community. This research identifies the mechanisms by which the caregiver stress process unfolds distinctively among caregivers with AIDS-related health problems, in comparison to HIV- caregivers. Three waves of data are analyzed using longitudinal multiple regression models. Among HIV infected caregivers, mental health is affected by deteriorating health, perceptions of AIDS alienation/stigma, internalized homophobia, role overload, and financial worry. For both groups, depression is a function of social constriction and AIDS-related bereavement. The precursive nature of caregiving among these HIV infected men may magnify the stress of being in poor health, gay, and stigmatized.
An Experimental Study of Detailed Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis in a Single Row Narrow Impingement Channel

An experimental investigation of detailed flow and heat transfer in a narrow impingement channel was studied; the channel included 15 inline jets in a single row with a jet-to-target wall distance of 3 jet diameters. The spanwise length of the channel was 4 jet diameters, and a streamwise jet spacing of 5 jet diameters was considered for the current study. Both the flow physics and heat transfer tests were run at an average jet Reynolds number of 30,000. Temperature sensitive paint was used to study heat transfer at the target wall. Along with other parameters, jet-to-jet interaction in a narrow row impingement channel plays a significant role on heat transfer distribution at the side and target walls as the self-induced jet cross flow tends to bend the downstream jets. The present work shows detailed information of flow physics using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). PIV measurements were taken at planes normal to the target wall along the jet centerline for several jets. The flow field and heat transfer data was compared between the experiment and CFD in order to understand the relationship between flow characteristics and heat transfer. The experimental data gathered from PIV can be used as benchmark data for validating the current state of the art RANS turbulence models as well as for Large Eddy Simulation (LES).Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Cyclic 3',5'-Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase Produced by the Slime Mold Dictyostelium discoideum

An enzyme that hydrolyzes cyclic ',5'-adenosine monophosphate to 5'-adenosine monophosphate was found in the culture medium of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoidum. The enzymatic activity shows a pH optimum of 7.5, and magnesium is required for maximum activity. The enzyme is not inhibited by caffeine. It has a Michaelis-Menten constant of 2 x 10(-3)M and its molecular weight is around 300,000.
Relevance of bone anomalies in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome.

Background Skeletal anomalies are recognized as potential causes of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS); however, there is a paucity of information regarding the specific bone anomalies associated with TOS and their relative incidence among the different clinical types of TOS. This study describes the prevalence of bone anomalies in a population with TOS. Methods A retrospective chart review of the clinical records and imaging studies of all patients who were surgically treated at our institution for TOS between 1991–2011 was conducted. A descriptive analysis of the cohort of patients with associated bone anomalies was performed and compared with the cohort of patients without bone anomalies. Results During the study period, 400 patients underwent operative procedures for TOS. Of these, 115 (29%) harbored a bone anomaly and the remaining 285 did not. The bone anomalies included 80 (69%) cervical ribs, 25 (22%) clavicular anomalies, and 10 (9%) isolated first rib aberrations. Ninety (78%) of the bone anomalies were congenital, while 25 (22%) were posttraumatic. The bone anomaly cohort was predominantly female (76%), with an average age of 36 years. The distribution of neurogenic, arterial, and venous types of TOS in the cohort with bone anomalies was 63%, 33%, and 4%, respectively, while it was 51% neurogenic, 11% arterial, and 38% venous in the cohort without bone anomalies. These distributions were significantly different (chi-squared: 56.75; P P = 0.03), while the likelihood of arterial compression was much higher in the presence of a bone anomaly (OR: 4.0; P P Conclusions In our experience, the incidence of bone anomalies among patients treated for TOS was 29%, which is higher than previously reported. Cervical ribs were present in 20% of our patients with TOS, an estimated 40 times higher prevalence than that in the general population. However, acquired clavicular deformities and isolated abnormal first ribs were found in 9% of our patients, accounting for almost one-third of all bone anomalies present in this TOS population. The incidence of bone anomalies is rather different among the subtypes of TOS. The strongest association with the presence of a bone anomaly occurs in patients with arterial TOS, although 46% of all our arterial TOS cases did not have a bone anomaly. The presence of bone anomalies does not seem to influence the occurrence of neurogenic TOS, while venous TOS likely has no association with congenital bone anomalies, but occasionally mid and medial clavicular fracture calluses may cause venous TOS.
Archives and the Cure for Institutional Amnesia: College and University Saga as Part of the Campus Memory.

College and university archivists face changes in their responsibilities that place at risk their ability to document the history of their institutions. Educational institutions that preserve, make known, and promote their history create a strong and lively institutional identity. This identity can be shaped and boosted through documenting history, traditions, campus buildings, and campus personalities as well as through the variety of materials collected by archivists. It is key for archivists in light of changing media and the burden of increased record keeping to keep a keen insight in finding materials that preserve institution identity and culture.
Thermal Expansion of Organic Crystals and Precision of Calculated Crystal Density: A Survey of Cambridge Crystal Database

True density is a physical property of both fundamental and practical importance to the study of pharmaceutical powders. True density may be calculated from crystal structure. However, precision of such calculated density is not well understood. Furthermore, thermal expansion properties of organic crystals have rarely been characterized. A survey of Cambridge Crystal Database is conducted to assess (1) precision of calculated crystal density from crystal structure; (2) thermal expansion properties of organic crystals. It is shown that calculated crystal density exhibits, on average, a relative standard deviation (RSD) of approximately 0.4%. It is found that crystal density generally increases linearly with decreasing temperature provided no phase change occurs. Slope of the line, termed thermal density gradient, of organic crystals ranges between 0.04 and 1.74 mg cm(-3) K(-1) with an average of approximately 0.2 mg cm(-3) K(-1). It is shown that majority polymorph pairs exhibit significantly different thermal expansion behavior and their density-temperature lines can cross. This likely contributes to the less than perfect prediction of relative stability of polymorphs at ambient temperature using the density rule.
Enzymatic synthesis of chloro-L-tryptophans

Abstract 4-Chloro-L-tryptophan ( 1a ), 5-chloro-L-tryptophan ( 1b ), 6-chloro-L-tryptophan ( 1c and 7-chloro-L-tryptophan ( 1d ) were prepared from 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-chloroindoles ( 2a-d ) by reaction with L-serine using tryptophan synthase. The chlorotryptophans were optically pure ( > 99% e.e).
Faddeev-Popov Ghosts and BRS Symmetry in String Theories

On decrit les coordonnees fantomes de Faddeev-Popov qui apparaissent dans la quantification covariante des cordes bosoniques et des supercordes dans l'ancien formalisme
The effect of sowing date and harvesting date on the yield of sugar beet

A field experiment in each year 1963 to 1967 in Suffolk, England, tested the effect on yield of sugar beet of sowing dates ranging from 13 March to 11 May and harvest dates ranging from 20 September to 8 December. Sowings in March or early April gave similar yields of sugar but with later sowings yield decreased progressively faster. The relationship is represented by the equationy = 106·3 (±2·24) + 0·212 (±0·184)x-0·009 (±0·003)x2,y = yield as percentage of mean (60·1 cwt/acre of sugar), x = number of days after 12 March.Delayed harvest increased sugar yield; the relationship is represented by the equationy = 80·22 (±1·51) + 0·836 (±0·09)z-0·006 (±0·001)z2,z = number of days after 19 September. This represents an increase of 0·247 cwt/acre/day of sugar in October and 0·083 cwt/acre/day in November, equivalent to about 2½ tons/acre of roots in October and 1 ton/acre in November.The effect on sugar yield of different lengths of growing period, which ranged from 138 to 271 days, is represented by the equationy = 38·7 (±26·6) + 1·045 (±0·267)a-0·0017 (±0·0007)a2,a = number of days between sowing and harvest.On average, sowing date had negligible effect on sugar percentage at harvest. In 3 years sugar percentage increased after the first harvest to a maximum and then decreased; in 2 years it decreased with consecutive harvests.
Identification and characterization of a hypoallergenic ortholog of Ara h 2.01

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), can elicit type I allergy becoming the most common cause of fatal food-induced anaphylactic reactions. Strict avoidance is the only effective means of dealing with this allergy. Ara h 2, a peanut seed storage protein, has been identified as the most potent peanut allergen and is recognized by approximately 90% of peanut hypersensitive individuals in the US. Because peanut has limited genetic variation, wild relatives are a good source of genetic diversity. After screening 30 Arachis duranensis accessions by EcoTILLing, we characterized five different missense mutations in ara d 2.01. None of these polymorphisms induced major conformational modifications. Nevertheless, a polymorphism in the immunodominant epitope #7 (S73T) showed a 56-99% reduction in IgE-binding activity and did not affect T cell epitopes, which must be retained for effective immunotherapy. The identification of natural hypoallergenic isoforms positively contributes to future immunological and therapeutic studies and peanut cultivar development.
Electron diffraction instrumentation at the University of Arkansas from continuous beams to picosecond pulses: 1983 to 1998

After a brief overview of time-resolved electron diffraction experiments on a nanosecond time scale, more recent instrumental improvements are described which successfully extend the time resolution of the apparatus to the picosecond regime. Modifications described include a new sample inlet system, intensified detector, and electron pulse generation laser. Taken together, they have led to significant improvements in both signal level and ultimate time resolution; an upper estimate of the electron pulse width is approximately 20 ps. Enhancements are such that, for operation in the nanosecond time domain, an entire diffraction pattern over a useful range of scattering angles may be collected from a gas-phase sample in a single electron pulse.
Nonhydrostatic effects and the determination of icy satellites' moment of inertia

We compare the moment of inertia (MOI) of a simple hydrostatic, two layer body as determined by the Radau–Darwin Approximation (RDA) to its exact hydrostatic MOI calculated to first order in the parameter q = Ω^2R^3/GM, where Ω, R, and M are the spin angular velocity, radius, and mass of the body, and G is the gravitational constant. We show that the RDA is in error by less than 1% for many configurations of core sizes and layer densities congruent with those of solid bodies in the Solar System. We then determine the error in the MOI of icy satellites calculated with the RDA due to nonhydrostatic effects by using a simple model in which the core and outer shell have slight degree 2 distortions away from their expected hydrostatic shapes. Since the hydrostatic shape has an associated stress of order ρΩ^2R^2 (where ρ is density) it follows that the importance of nonhydrostatic effects scales with the dimensionless number σ/ρΩ^2R^2, where σ is the nonhydrostatic stress. This highlights the likely importance of this error for slowly rotating bodies (e.g., Titan and Callisto) and small bodies (e.g., Saturn moons other than Titan). We apply this model to Titan, Callisto, and Enceladus and find that the RDA-derived MOI can be 10% greater than the actual MOI for nonhydrostatic stresses as small as ∼0.1 bars at the surface or ∼1 bar at the core–mantle boundary, but the actual nonhydrostatic stresses for a given shape change depends on the specifics of the interior model. When we apply this model to Ganymede we find that the stresses necessary to produce the same MOI errors as on Titan, Callisto, and Enceladus are an order of magnitude greater due to its faster rotation, so Ganymede may be the only instance where RDA is reliable. We argue that if satellites can reorient to the lowest energy state then RDA will always give an overestimate of the true MOI. Observations have shown that small nonhydrostatic gravity anomalies exist on Ganymede and Titan, at least at degree 3 and presumably higher. If these anomalies are indicative of the nonhydrostatic anomalies at degree 2 then these imply only a small correction to the MOI, even for Titan, but it is possible that the physical origin of nonhydrostatic degree 2 effects is different from the higher order terms. We conclude that nonhydrostatic effects could be present to an extent that allows Callisto and Titan to be fully differentiated.
v2 and RAA of non-photonic single electrons : which restriction do the current measurements pose on the production of charm, beauty?

In relativistic heavy ion collisions, heavy flavor is expected to result predominately from initial hard parton–parton scatterings. Hence, in the absence of later stage effects, the production of heavy flavor in A+A collisions can be viewed as a superposition of N+N collisions. Measurements of v2 or RAA of heavy flavor (or their decay electrons) in A+A collisions violate the simple superposition picture and therefore present themselves as probes of the medium formed in such collisions. On the basis of the measured v2 and RAA of non-photonic single electrons in A+A collisions at RHIC, we will investigate the interplay between these observables as well as the restrictions they pose for charm and bottom production.
Empirical bayes estimation in contingency tables

In the estimation of cell probabilities from a two–way contingency table, suppose that a priori the classification variables are believed independent. New empirical Bayes and Bayes estimators are proposed which shrink the observed proportions towards classical estimates under the model of independence. The estimators, based on a Dirichlet mixture class of priors, compare favorably to an estimator of Laird (1978) that is based on a normal prior on terms of a log–linear model. The methods are generalized to three–way tables.
Homogeneous nucleation in /sup 4/He: A corresponding-states analysis

We report homogeneous-nucleation-temperature measurements in liquid /sup 4/He over a bath-temperature range 2.31
Effects of parental environment on the prevalence of convulsive seizures in Onychomys torridus

Male and female southern grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus) were reared in 1 of 3 different parental environments: (a) with the natural male and female parents; (b) with the female parent only; or (c) with foster parents of a closely related species, Peromyscus leucopus. All mice were weaned at 25 days of age, then observed individually in an open field arena at 10-day intervals from 30 to 100 days of age. Twenty-seven of 59 subjects (45.8%) that were reared by the natural parents exhibited convulsive seizures during at least 1 of the 8 tests in the open field arena. The prevalence of convulsive seizures increased significantly in subjects that received altered parental care: 27 of 41 subjects (65.9%) reared by the female parent only or by Peromyscus foster parents seized during at least 1 of the 8 tests in the open field. Subjects from the 3 treatment groups did not differ in the mean number of seizures observed during the 8 open field tests. These results demonstrate a significant influence of the preweaning parental environment on the prevalence of convulsive seizures in Onychomys torridus.
Intelligent interface to model the radiologist's requirements for primary image interpretation

Many functional, technical, and perceptual considerations must be met before a workstation will be adequate for primary diagnosis. The focus of this paper is the functional aspect of the workstation. Specifically, we are concerned with determining how images and data must be presented to the radiologist, for the purpose of primary diagnosis, under the constraints imposed by the digital workstation. We have developed an interface that is being used to acquire detailed information about the current diagnostic process. The purpose of this interface is twofold. First, this interface enables us to monitor the image and information access patterns of the radiologists in the process of interpreting films. This information is used to automate the presentation of images and information to the radiologist in future cases. Second, this interface provides a continuously evolving tool to capture the physical attributes, or navigational cues, necessary for the radiologist to develop a mental model of the operation of the diagnostic workstation. This report describes the current operation and future goals of this interface.
Inactivation of the p16 gene in human pituitary nonfunctioning tumors by hypermethylation is more common in null cell adenomas.

Recent studies have shown that methylation of the CpG island within the p16/CDKN2A/MTS1 (p16) gene is associated with loss of expression of p16 protein in pituitary tumors. We analyzed a series of 21 pituitary adenomas and three normal pituitaries along with a human pituitary cell line (HP75) for methylation of exon 1 by methylation-specific PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. PCR analysis showed that 5/7 (71%) of null cell adenomas, but only 2/7 (29%) gonadotroph tumors were hypermethylated. In addition, 1 of 2 ACTH tumors but no GH (n=4) or PRL (n=1) adenoma examined were hypermethylated. Immunostaining and Western blot analysis of protein expression supported the methylation-specific PCR analyses. These results show that p16 gene silencing by hypermethylation is more common in null cell adenomas compared to other nonfunctioning adenomas such as gonadotroph tumors and that the role of p16 in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas is restricted to specific tumor subtypes.
Slow light in hundreds of coupled silicon-on-insulator microrings

Recently, we have demonstrated slow light propagation in coupled-resonator optical waveguides consisting of upto 235 directly-coupled silicon microrings. High resolution spectral measurements of light transmission and the scaling of transport statistics with increasing length reveal that resonator excitations are mutually correlated, as expected from theory. Successful light transmission through coherently-coupled resonator chains that are several hundreds of resonators long is promising for future large-scale silicon photonic circuitry.
Tumor localization using diffuse optical tomography and linearly constrained minimum variance beamforming

We present a tumor localization method for diffuse optical tomography using linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beam-forming. Beamforming is a spatial filtering technique where signals from certain directions can be enhanced while noise and interference from other directions are suppressed. In our method, we tessellate the domain into small voxels and regard each voxel as a possible position of abnormality (e.g., tumor). We then design a spatial filter based on the linearly constrained minimum variance criterion and apply it to each voxel in the domain. The abnormality is localized by observing the peak in the filter output signals. We test our method using simulated 3D examples. We assume a cubic transmission geometry and consider different cases where the abnormality is an absorber, a scatterer, and both. We also give examples showing the resolution of our method and its performance under different perturbation levels and noise levels. Simulation results show that LCMV beamforming can localize the abnormality well with good computational efficiency. It can be used alone for tumor localization and also as an effective preprocessing tool for improving the image reconstruction performances of other inverse methods.
Finger and palmar dermatoglyphics in seminole Indians of Florida

Hand prints of 146 Florida Seminoles were obtained at the Brighton, Big Cypress and Dania reservations and at the Indian Agency in Dania. Comparisons with other tribes of North American Indians (Comanche, Arapahoe, Navaho, Hopi and Pueblo) reveal similarities with respect to fingerprint indices, frequencies of patterns in all palmar areas, and transverseness of palmar ridges. Comparisons of Seminoles and other North American tribes with the Mayans of southern Mexico and Guatamala show striking differences in pattern frequencies in the thenar/first interdigital area of the palm. Among North American Indians, the frequency varies from 18.49% among Seminoles to 28.5% among Navahoes, whereas all Mayan tribes which have been studied range between 40 and 50%. Pattern frequencies are higher in the thenar/first interdigital area than in the hypothenar area among all Amerindians who have been tested. This trend is the reverse of that found in other racial groups. North, Central and South American Indians are similar with respect to relatively high finger pattern indices, low frequencies of patterns in the hypothenar area, low frequencies of accessory triradii in the interdigital areas and moderately transverse palmar ridges.
Neutron spectra from 35 and 46 MeV protons, 16 and 28 MeV deuterons, and 44 MeV 3He ions on thick beryllium

The energy spectra of neutrons produced by 35 and 46 MeV protons, 16 and 28 MeV deuterons, and 44 MeV 3He ions on thick beryllium were measured at angles of 0 degrees, 15 degrees, and 45 degrees with respect to the incident beams. The spectra were measured by the time-of-flight method for neutrons from the maximum energy down to 1 MeV. Neutron dose rates obtained from the zero-degree spectra by use of available tissue kerma factors agree with TE-TE ionization chamber measurements.
Designing public safety mobile applications for disconnected, interrupted, and low bandwidth communication environments

Public Safety emergency communication systems are crucial to effective incident and disaster response. Lack of situational awareness and communications are of the most cited factors that hamper Public Safety's ability to make critical decisions. In partnership with the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T), MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL) developed the Next-Generation Incident Command System (NICS) to improve collaborative situational awareness. NICS is a reliable, distributed, and scalable architecture that enables a common situational awareness picture to enhance collaboration. The NICS user interface is web-based and Public Safety is increasingly adopting mobile devices, which are likely to operate in disconnected, interrupted, low-bandwidth environments. To address these issues, this paper will describe a Public Safety mobile application based upon feedback from Public Safety personal. Due to the strong open-source development community and API flexibility, the Android operating system was selected for development. Development of the native Android application was driven by popular NICS features and Public Safety feedback. Foremost, the application was required to provide and display geolocation information, enabling basic situational awareness. In addition to geolocation, the application enables users to report incidents, broadcast messages, and transmit images. These functions and their designs were driven by interviews with Public Safety personnel from different organizations (law enforcement, fire, etc.). Usability testing with Public Safety personal was conducted. Users envision that the application will enhance the situational awareness capability for mobile Public Safety personnel while laying the foundation for future work leveraging mobile technologies. Based on this testing and lessons learned from development, a set of Public Safety mobile application design considerations were developed.