cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell surface targeting accounts for the difference in iodide uptake activity between human Na+/I- symporter and rat Na+/I- symporter.

Context: The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) has been proposed to serve as an imaging reporter gene to optimize vector delivery, monitor therapeutic gene expression, and map the tissue/organ sites of repopulated progenitor cells in vivo. In addition, NIS can serve as a therapeutic gene to facilitate targeted radionuclide therapy for various cancers. Objective: It was reported that rat NIS (rNIS) confers higher radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) activity than human NIS (hNIS). We aim to investigate the mechanism underlying this difference. Results: We showed that the open reading frames (ORF) of hNIS and rNIS, although encoding for proteins with 83% amino acid identity, exhibit a significant difference in RAIU activity in transfected cells. The ORF rNIS confers four to five times higher RAIU activity as well as cell surface NIS accumulation than ORF hNIS despite similar total NIS protein levels. Multiple regions appear to play roles in the difference in NIS cell surface levels between ORF hNIS and ORF rNIS, indicatin...
Exploring the Reactivity of Rh 2 (OAc) 4 with 2, 2′ -Dipyridylamine

A series of three new compounds obtained from the reaction of Rh2(OAc)4 and 2, 2′ -dipyridylamine (Hdpa) under various conditions have been characterized. All are diamagnetic and have a Rh–Rh single bond. In Rh2(dpa)4, 1, there are four bridging dpa anions which bind the two Rh atoms through one pyridyl N atom and one amido N atom though two of these ligands interact further with a rhodium atom through the third N atom. In the other two compounds the Hdpa ligand is neutral. Thus Rh2(OAc)4(Hdpa)2, 2, is an adduct of the well known complex dirhodium tetraacetate in which the two Hdpa ligands occupy axial positions. In the third compound, Rh2(Hdpa)2(OAc)2Cl2, 3, only two acetate bridges are present. One Hdpa molecule chelates equatorially each rhodium atom and the chloride ions are axially coordinated. The Rh–Rh distances are 2. 4005(6) and 2. 4042(8) A for 1 and 2, respectively. For 3, the Rh–Rh distance of 2. 593(1) A is significantly longer than those in 1 and 2 because of the presence of fewer bridging ligands.
Fly parasitism in Papuan frogs, with a discussion of ecological factors influencing evolution of life‐history differences

Dipteran parasitism of frogs in the Papuan region is described and aspects of the ecological interaction are detailed. The fly involved, Batrachomyia krausi, is the largest known member of an otherwise Australian genus. Larvae of this species develop in the lateral lymph sacs of frogs of the genus Rana, feed on host blood tissues, occur with high incidence and moderate intensity, yet exhibit minimal virulence. Minimal virulence and high infestation rate seen in this host–parasite system contrast with those reported for Australian congeners. These differences are hypothesized to derive from interaction of the large size of the Papuan parasite with its phylogenetically constrained life‐history. Differences in virulence exhibited between parasitic chloropids versus calliphorids and sarcophagids are discussed as consistent with ecological predictions based on parasite transmission dynamics.
The Use of Conflict in Community Organization

[ABSTRACT: It has long been recognized that the use of conflict strategies can be both effective and destructive. To take advantage of the former quality while minimizing the latter requires an und...
Graph theoretic methods for the analysis of data in developing systems

A full examination of learning or developing systems requires data analysis approaches beyond the commonplace pre-/post-testing. Drawing on graph theory, three particular approaches to the analysis of data—based on adjacency matrices, affiliation networks, and edit distances—can provide additional insight into data; these methods are applied to student performance in a Calculus course. Data analysis methods based on adjacency matrices demonstrate that learning is not unidimensional, that learning progressions do not always progress monotonically toward desired understandings and also provide insight into the connection between instruction and student learning. The use of affiliation networks supports the concept development theory of Lev Vygotsky and also provides insight into how students’ prior knowledge relates to topics being studied. Careful use of edit distances indicates a likely overestimate of effect sizes in many studies, and also provides evidence that concepts are often created in an ad hoc manner. All of these have implications for curriculum and instruction, and indicate some directions for further inquiry.
Collector's Guide to the Epidote Group

All photos by the author of specimens in his collection The epidote group consists of twenty minerals, of which epidote, clinozoisite, and the allanite series are best known to collectors. Many of ...
Coffee and cardiovascular disease

Abstract Coffee consumption was determined at the fourth biennial examination in the Framingham Study to ascertain its relation to cardiovascular disease. The association between coffee and other risk factors, including cigarette smoking, was also investigated over the 12-year follow-up period. Coffee drinking was studied in relation to total coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, sudden death, and death from all causes. A statistically significant increase in risk with increasing coffee consumption was observed only in the category "death from all causes." This relation could be accounted for by the association between coffee consumption and cigarette smoking. It was concluded that coffee drinking, as engaged in by the general population, is not a factor in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (N Engl J Med 291:871–874, 1974)
Can Early Postnatal Closed Head Injury Induce Cortical Dysplasia

Summary: Purpose: Increased availability of surgically resected epileptogenic tissues reveals often unsuspected cortical dysplasia (CD). There is some controversy about the ontogenic stages in which these occur. Although most take place during neuroblast proliferation and migration, there is some evidence for some CD occurring during postmigrational intrinsic cortical organization. It has been shown that various kinds of focal cortical manipulations in rats, if performed within 3–4 postnatal days, lead to the genesis of various cortical malformations including a four-layered microgyrus or an unlayered CD. It is not known whether such events also might occur in the human brain. Methods: Two children sustained minor head trauma within 4 postnatal days and later developed intractable epilepsy, which was relieved by surgery. Neuropathologic analysis of the resected tissues revealed an unsuspected microdysplastic cortex immediately adjacent to a focal, modest meningeal fibrosis, presumably secondary to the old closed head trauma. Results: The main histologic features were a disorganized, unlayered cortex; abnormal clusters of neurons, often with complex, randomly oriented proximal dendritic patterns with absent apical orientation; the presence of a number of heterotopic small and large neurons in the white matter; absence of inflammatory infiltrates, of hemosiderine, of reactive gliosis, or of an excessive number of blood vessels. The morphologic features in these surgical specimens suggest that these focal malformations occur because of a regional disorder of postmigrational intrinsic cortical remodeling. Conclusions: The clinical histories and the pathologic findings lend some support to the hypothesis that minor morbid events occuring in the immediate postnatal period may lead to microdysplasia in the human similar to those induced in rat pups. The animal model could be helpful to clarify the genesis of some cases of CD and of the epileptogenicity often manifesting later in life.
Preparation, isolation, analysis, and characterization of 3-benzo[a]pyrenyl-β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid: A metabolite of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene with potentially high carcinogenic activity

Abstract The aglycone, 3-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene, was metabolized to 3-benzo[ a ]pyrenyl-β- d -glucopyranosiduronic acid in the presence of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid and rabbit liver microsomes. The course of the biosynthetic reaction was followed by fluorimetry and reverse-phase, paired-ion high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, the HPLC system was used to analyze for glucuronide and 3-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene during the isolation procedure. The existence of a glucuronide of 3-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene was determined by radiotracer and enzymic techniques, utilizing the HPLC system. Field desorption and direct inlet mass spectral techniques were used to characterize the 3-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene glucuronide.
On the Scattering and Absorption of Particles by Atomic Nuclei

Expressions very similar to the "Breit-Wigner" formulas are derived for the scattering and absorption cross section of nuclear particles, e.g. neutrons, protons, etc. The resonance energies, particle widths and other characteristic features can be expressed in terms of the logarithmic derivative of the particle wave function at the nuclear surface. Simple assumptions about the behavior of the incident particle inside the nucleus are used to find approximate expressions for (1) the particle widths in terms of the level spacing; (2) the neutron scattering cross section near and between resonances; (3) the total cross section and the absorption cross section averaged over neighboring levels for neutron energies up to 1 Mev. These results are then compared with the experimental data and are found to be in qualitative agreement.
Resolution of the type E bands of some symmetric top molecules in the region 25–35 microns☆

Abstract A high resolution study of the perpendicular bands of allene and allene- d 4 , methyl acetylene and methyl cyanide in the region of 25–35 microns gave rise to the following relations: The most probable values for the rotational constant A and the ζ factors of allene and allene- d 4 have been evaluated. A discussion is presented of the new allene bands observed recently by Overend and Thompson and identified by them as combination and difference bands involving the ν 11 vibration.
Determinants of program effectiveness: Results of the national weatherization evaluation

Abstract The findings of a national evaluation of the U.S. Department of Energy's low-income Weatherization Assistance Program (“Program”) are used to explain variations in Program effectiveness. Overall, the Program was found to be a cost-effective federal investment. However, local weatherization agencies vary greatly in the effectiveness of their operators, and the energy saved by individual dwellings ranges widely. By applying four different analytic approaches, we identify several determinants of high energy savings, including the following: weatherizing high energy users; installing attic, wall, and floor insulation; insulating water heaters, installing low-flow showerheads, and reducing hot water temperatures; curing distribution system problems; and replacing inefficient heating systems. The installation of storm windows and doors, on the other hand, generally is associated with inferior savings. This paper demonstrates the value of using alternative but complementary qualitative and quantitative methods to identify determinants of Program effectiveness.
Simplified procedure for the manual analysis of nitrate in seawater

Abstract The use of small volumes of sample and reagents permits the adaption of a copper-coated cadmium column to the manual analysis of nitrate in seawater. The apparatus used for this modification is described.
Delayed lung maturation in fetuses of alloxan diabetic rabbits

Maternal diabetes has been associated with an increased incidence of hyaline membrane disease. We have studied this relationship in rabbit does injected with alloxan and then mated. A total of 26 litters were studied. Fetuses from saline-injected control and diabetic litters were examined at 27.5 and 29.5 days gestational age. Pressure-volume curves were performed and surfactant from alveolar lavage fluid was quantified on a surface balance. Blood sugars of diabetic does ranged from 175-400 mg/dl throughout pregnancy as compared with 80-120 mg/dl in the controls. We conclude that fetuses of diabetic rabbits have less deflation stability and quantitatively less surfactant when born prematurely but these effects are diminished close to term.
Dielectrophoretic assembly of nanowires

Nanowire (NW) assembly is currently of great interest, partly because NWs are considered as a fundamental component in the fabrication of a variety of devices. A powerful method has been developed to model the assembly of NWs. The three-dimensional dielectrophoretic (DEP) assembly of NWs across opposing electrodes is, for the first time, comprehensively studied using this new method. It is found that the DEP force reaches a maximum when the ratio of gap size to NW length is in the range 0.85-1.0. Both the magnitude and sign of the DEP torque on each NW varies with this ratio, and also with the orientation angle and the geometry and configuration of the electrode. The simulation of the dynamic assembly of individual and bundled NWs agrees with experiment. This method is of sufficient power that it will be of direct use in modeling DEP-based assembly and thus the manufacturing of nanoelectronic devices.
A Practical Guide to Boundary Element Methods with the Software Library BEMLIB

LAPLACE'S EQUATION IN ONE DIMENSION Green's First and Second Identities and the Reciprocal Relation Green's Functions Boundary-Value Representation Boundary-Value Equation LAPLACE'S EQUATION IN TWO DIMENSIONS Green's First and Second Identities and the Reciprocal Relation Green's Functions Integral Representation Integral Equations Hypersingular Integrals Irrotational Flow Generalized Single- and Double-Layer Representations BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHODS FOR LAPLACE'S EQUATION IN TWO DIMENSIONS Boundary Element Discretization . Discretization of the Integral Representation The Boundary-Element Collocation Method Isoparametric Cubic-Splines Discretization High-Order Collocation Methods Galerkin and Global Expansion Methods LAPLACE'S EQUATION IN THREE DIMENSIONS Green's First and Second Identities and the Reciprocal Relation Green's Functions Integral Representation Integral Equations Axisymmetric Fields in Axisymmetric Domains BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHODS FOR LAPLACE'S EQUATION IN THREE DIMENSIONS Discretization Three-Node Flat Triangles Six-Node Curved Triangles High-Order Expansions INHOMOGENEOUS, NONLINEAR, AND TIME-DEPENDENT PROBLEMS Distributed Source and Domain Integrals Particular Solutions and Dual Reciprocity in One Dimension Particular Solutions and Dual Reciprocity in Two and Three Dimensions Convection - Diffusion Equation Time-Dependent Problems VISCOUS FLOW Governing Equations Stokes Flow Boundary Integral Equations in Two Dimensions Boundary-Integral Equations in Three Dimensions Boundary-Element Methods Interfacial Dynamics Unsteady, Navier-Stokes, and Non-Newtonian Flow BEMLIB USER GUIDE General Information Terms and Conditions Directory DIRECTORY: GRIDS grid_2d trgl DIRECTORY: LAPLACE lgf_2d lgf_3d lgf_ax flow_1d flow_1d 1p flow_2d body_2d body_ax tank_2d ldr_ 3d lnm_3d DIRECTORY: HELMHOLTZ flow_1d osc DIRECTORY: STOKES sgf_2d sgf_3d sgf_ax flow_2d prtcl_sw prtcl_2d prtcl_ax prtcl_3d APPENDIX A: MATHEMATICAL SUPPLEMENT APPENDIX B: GAUSS ELIMINATION AND LINEAR SOLVERS APPENDIX C: ELASTOSTATICS REFERENCES INDEX
Personality: Trends in theory and research

Characteristics of personality research were surveyed and compared with previous reports in an attempt to identify trends. Current research in personality is guided by microtheories which explore the variables influencing specific influencing with traditional theories of personality being less evident. Experimental research designs are more prevalent and the majority of studies were conducted in laboratory settings within single sessions on college students. Dissatisfaction with the current status of research and the proper focus of "personality" is considered and partially supported. However, rather than leaving the mainstream of psychology with an excursion into personology, a continued association between personality and experimental psychology is advocated.
Effect of L-DOPA on motor behavior in a rat with a unilateral striatal neoplasm.

After administration ofl-DOPA to a rat with a unilateral striatal neoplasm of the nucleus caudatus-putamen, postural asymmetries and rotating behavior were observed. These observations are discussed in relation to the activity of catecholamines within the central nervous system.
The Gulf War and the Rodney King Beating: Implications of the General Conservatism and Social Dominance Perspectives

Abstract Both general conservatism and social dominance theory require relatively strong and significant relationships among indicators of racism, support for the Persian Gulf War, and approval of police actions in the Rodney King incident. With a nonprobability sample of 131 adults from Los Angeles, significant relationships were found among these variables as predicted by both theories. However, structural equation analysis disclosed that only social dominance theory was able to give a fully acceptable account of the entire matrix of correlations among the background and attitudinal variables involved. The data indicated that political conservatism, belief in racial superiority, caste-maintenance orientation, support of the Gulf War, and approval of police behavior in the beating of Rodney King were all significantly related to and possibly driven by a person's desire for group dominance (i.e., social dominance orientation). The relatively strong and consistent relationships among these variables were c...
Solubilities of fatty acids and derivatives in acetone

An improved “synthetic” method of determining solubilities has been described which combines simplicity with accuracy.
Conversion of the electrophoretic forms of cowpea mosaic virus in vivo and in vitro

Abstract The electrophoretic forms of purified cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) were examined by disc electrophoresis. The slow-migrating form (S) of CPMV predominated in early infection, and the fast-migrating form (F) predominated in late infection. The reverse relationship was true for BPMV. The transition from S to F in CPMV and F to S in BPMV suggested a precursor-product relationship between the electrophoretic forms. Evidence for this relationship was provided by kinetic studies of 32P incorporation into the forms of CPMV and by short-interval sequential yield data. When separated by density gradient electrophoresis, the F form of both viruses demonstrated a greater specific infectivity than the S form. The S to F conversion of CPMV was simulated in vitro by reaction with a mixture of carboxypeptidases A and B or chymotrypsin. This conversion of the electrophoretic forms of CPMV resulted in an increase in specific infectivity. The F to S conversion of BPMV was observed only after exposure to trypsin.
Management of hepatitis C: A national survey of gastroenterologists and hepatologists

A survey on the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was conducted by the American Digestive Health Foundation among United States physicians who are most familiar with the disease. The two-page survey was completed by 57% of a random sample of 2,500 members of the American Gastroenterological Association and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Analysis was limited to the 1,249 responses from physicians who spent at least 1 day per week in patient care. These physicians frequently managed patients with HCV, and nearly three quarters treated patients with interferon. To prevent transmission, the large majority of physicians recommended measures to avoid blood exposures, were uncertain or disagreed about the importance of sexual contact, and did not caution patients about casual contact. More than 70% of physicians told their patients to stop or minimize alcohol consumption. In the management of a patient with antibody to HCV but normal serum aminotransferase activities, 87% of physicians would have ordered a supplemental test, and if HCV were confirmed, 46% would have obtained a liver biopsy, but only 15% would have treated the patient with interferon. For a patient with chronic HCV infection and elevated serum aminotransferase activities, more than 90% of physicians would have obtained a liver biopsy and approximately 60% would have treated with interferon. Physicians who are most familiar with the management of patients with HCV generally agreed with the recommendations of the Consensus Development Conference Panel regarding prevention of transmission, minimizing alcohol consumption, and managing patients with typical presentations. Controversies remain regarding some issues of general management, the value of molecular testing, and the need to treat certain patients with interferon.
pH dependence of binding reactions from free energy simulations and macroscopic continuum electrostatic calculations: application to 2'GMP/3'GMP binding to ribonuclease T1 and implications for catalysis.

An approach is described for extending free energy calculations to take into account the pH dependence of the relative binding of ligands to an enzyme or other receptor protein. The method is based on the calculation of the free energy difference for a single protonation state via the thermodynamic cycle simulation approach followed by inclusion of all possible protonation states of the enzyme and the inhibitor by use of a macroscopic continuum dielectric (Poisson-Boltzmann) model. A detailed formulation of the combined model is presented. It involves solution of the multiple equilibrium problem and makes use of the calculated p K a values of all titrating groups on both enzyme and ligand. The method is illustrated by calculations of the pH dependence of the differential binding of the inhibitors 2′GMP and 3′GMP to ribonuclease T 1 . A free energy simulation of the differential binding is made for a given protonation state of the enzyme and inhibitor. Although only qualitative agreement with experiment is obtained, the results provide insights concerning the interactions involved. The pH dependence of the binding is calculated by using the protonation state of the residues from the free energy simulation as the standard state for a Poisson-Boltzmann calculation. Information is obtained concerning the p K a values of the titrating amino acids in the free, 2′GMP and 3′GMP bound enzyme forms of RNase T 1 and the difference in the pH dependence of the binding of 2′GMP and 3′GMP to RNase T 1 . The contributions of different types of interactions (e.g. protein residues versus solvent) to the free energy differences are examined. A free energy simulation of the p K a shift of Glu58 shows that it is important to consider both carboxyl oxygen atoms as possible protonation sites since they may behave very differently in a protein. It is found in the protein that the interactions with the solvent favor the neutral (protonated) state of Glu58. This contrasts sharply with the solution behavior, where the solvent favors the charged state. Analysis of the results shows that the interactions of bound water with other protein residues leads to the observed effect. Comparisons are made with a continuum calculation that uses the charged state employed in the free energy simulation. Implications of the calculations and results for the catalytic mechanism of RNascT 1 are outlined. An analysis is given of the stronger binding of 2′GMP, which is more similar to the cyclic phosphate transition state, than 3′GMP. The p K a calculations support the role of His92 as the general acid in donating a proton to the 5′ leaving group and the role of Glu58 as the general base involved in the extraction of a proton from the 2′ hydroxyl of the substrate, a necessary step for the formation of the pentacovalent transition state.
Diabetes in offspring and siblings of juvenile- and maturity-onset-type diabetics.

Abstract It has only recently become possible to study the frequency of diabetes mellitus in a group of offspring of juvenile-onset diabetics (JOD) requiring insulin therapy. The occurrence of diabetes mellitus was examined in offspring and in siblings of juvenile-onset, and age- and sex-matched maturity-onset diabetics (MOD). Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed at younger ages in offspring (10.5 yr) and siblings (32.2 yr) of JOD, than in offspring (14.2 yr) and siblings (41.7 yr) of MOD. With a comparable mean age of 45 yr, approx. 12% of the siblings of JOD and 11% of the siblings of the MOD had diabetes; with 38% of the former and 20% of the latter, affected sibs being treated with insulin. Offspring with a mean age of 16 yr had a frequency of diabetes of 6% (JOD parent) and 3% (MOD parent), with 54% of the former and 42% of the latter being treated with insulin. In all four groups, the observed prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher than in the general population. Regardless of age of onset of diabetes, there is an association between insulin use in relatives. However, regardless of specific insulin treatment, age at onset of diabetes in the relatives was also related to the type of diabetes.
The Legal Status of Mercenaries

Mercenaries date to antiquity and have played important roles in conflict. While the regulation of mercenaries has long been discussed, efforts to codify laws pertaining to mercenarism are more contemporary. This paper examines the existing international regime on mercenaries from a critical perspective and offers suggestions for a rearticulation of the legal regime on mercenaries.
Comparative Value of Fish Meal Alternatives as Protein Sources in Feeds for Hybrid Striped Bass

Abstract Numerous alternative proteins have been assessed and reported as adequate for fish meal (FM) sparing; however, few studies have directly compared the value of alternative proteins in side-by-side comparisons. Previous research also suggests that changes in dietary protein source may affect fillet quality, but comprehensive data on this subject are lacking. We assessed the production performance and consumer acceptance of hybrid Striped Bass (White Bass Morone chrysops × Striped Bass M. saxatilis; mean weight ± SE = 43.4 ± 0.2 g) reared on a control diet containing menhaden FM (30% FM) as the primary protein source or on experimental feeds containing approximately 10% menhaden FM and one of the following protein sources: soybean meal (10% FM–46% SBM), poultry byproduct meal (10% FM–21% PBM), grain distillers’ dried yeast (10% FM–36% GDDY), corn gluten meal (10% FM–21% CGM), or distillers’ dried grains with solubles (10% FM–33% DDGS). Weight gain (1,055–1,323%), specific growth rate (SGR; 1.29–1.40...
Intrinsic activity of the lin-12 and Notch intracellular domains in vivo

The lin-12 gene of C. elegans and the Notch gene of D. melanogaster encode structurally related transmembrane proteins that mediate intercellular signaling. We show that truncated forms of these proteins consisting of only the intracellular domains cause cell fate transformations associated with constitutive activity in their respective organisms. This activity does not depend on endogenous gene function. Our results indicate that the intracellular domains of Lin-12 and Notch have intrinsic activity and that the principal role of the extracellular domains in the intact proteins is to regulate this activity. Our results also suggest that equivalent truncated forms of lin-12/Notch family members in vertebrates, including known oncogenes, are similarly active.
Fibroblast growth factor 23, the ankle-brachial index, and incident peripheral artery disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has emerged as a novel risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular events. Its association with the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and clinical peripheral artery disease (PAD) is less known.
Sensitivity analysis for solid oxide fuel cells using a three-dimensional numerical model

A three-dimensional numerical solver is developed to model complex transport processes inside all components of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). An initial assessment of the accuracy of the model is made by comparing a numerically generated polarization curve with experimental results. Sensitivity derivatives of objective functions representing the cell voltage and the concentration polarization are obtained with respect to the material properties of the anode and the cathode using discrete adjoint method. Implementation of the discrete adjoint method is validated by comparing sensitivity derivatives obtained using the adjoint technique with results obtained using direct-differentiation and finite-difference methods.
Uterine and hepatic gene expression in relation to days postpartum, estrus, and pregnancy in postpartum dairy cows.

Abstract The somatotropic axis consisting of growth hormone, the growth hormone receptor (GHR) insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF binding proteins changes with the stage of lactation and nutrition of the cow and may be 1 mechanism through which lactation and nutrition affect the establishment of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to quantify GHR, IGF-I, and IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) mRNA in liver and uterine endometrial tissue at 4 stages of lactation (40, 80, 120, and 160 days in milk) and around the time of artificial insemination. Estrus was synchronized with GnRH and PGF 2α , and cows were inseminated 12h after estrus. Uterine biopsies were collected immediately before the second injection of PGF 2α (before estrus), at the initiation of standing estrus, and 4 d after estrus. Liver biopsies were collected once on 4 d after estrus. The abundance of GHR, IGF-I, and IGFBP-2 mRNA in liver and uterus was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The amount of liver IGF-I mRNA was positively correlated with plasma IGF-I concentrations. Cows that became pregnant after AI had more GHR and IGFBP-2 mRNA in their liver than cows that did not become pregnant. There was no effect of DIM or pregnancy status on abundance of uterine mRNA; however, uterine GHR and IGF-I mRNA was most abundant at estrus. In summary, cows at different stages of lactation or with different pregnancy statuses had similar quantities of uterine mRNA. In contrast, liver quantities of mRNA differed relative to pregnancy status. These data provide evidence that liver indices of metabolic state may be indicative of pregnancy success.
Wetting of ceramic particulates with liquid aluminum alloys: Part II. Study of wettability

Wetting phenomena in ceramic particulate/liquid Al-alloy systems were investigated experimentally using a new pressure infiltration technique developed by the authors. Studies were performed on two different ceramic particulates, SiC and B4C, with four different liquid aluminum alloy matrices, pure Al, Al-Cu, Al-Si, and Al-Mg. Five major variables tested to study wetting phenomena in ceramic/Al-alloy systems were holding time, melt temperature, alloying element, gas atmosphere, and particulate. Metal: ceramic interfaces were investigated with optical microscopy, SEM, EPMA, and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) in order to understand better the wetting process. The threshold infiltration pressure decreased with, temperature as well as with pressurization time for all the ceramic/metal systems. A strong correlation was found between the alloying effect on the threshold pressure and the free energy of formation of oxide phase of the alloying element. More reactive alloying elements were more effective in improving wettability. In air atmospheres, the threshold pressure usually increased markedly as a result of a thick oxide layer formation on the liquid front. Compacts of B4C particulates showed lower threshold pressures than those of SiC, particulates. Fracture occurred in a generally brittle manner in infiltrated SiC, specimens. AES element profiles on the fracture surfaces showed fast diffusion of Si, and pile-up of C at the metal∶SiC boundaries which promoted fracture through the carbon-rich layer. The fracture surfaces of infiltrated B4C specimens indicated plastic deformation, hence a more ductile failure mode.
Untimely Economies of Survival

This article takes the recent turn against hope in breast cancer activism as a point of entry into a broader examination of speculative economies of science that creatively imagine, materialize, and manage futures in the present. It argues that untimeliness – anticipatory, simultaneous, porous, and prognostic in its articulation – captures these alternate arrangements of life and action as they are mobilized in cancer research that hails healthy women as experimental subjects to participate in clinical studies.
Confidence intervals for relative risk estimates from affected‐sib‐pair data

Confidence intervals for relative risk parameters estimated using affected-sib-pair data are derived and evaluated for two markers showing previous evidence of linkage to bipolar illness. For D18S41 we found some evidence, and for D18S37 stronger evidence, of relative risks greater than 1, although in both cases the estimated confidence intervals for the parameters are wide. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nicking of supercoiled DNA via metal radical generated from photolysis of species containing metal-metal bonds

Abstract The photoactivated metal-dimers, Pd 2 (CH 3 NC) 6 2+ and Pt 2 (CH 3 NC) 6 2+ are shown to nick supercoiled DNA in a light-dependent reaction. The photoactivated metal dimers, Pd 2 (MeNC) 6 2+ and Pt 2 (MeNC) 6 2+ , nick DNA in a light-dependent reaction.
Maternal marijuana smoking alters respiratory timing in the fetal lamb.

The effect of single and repeated maternal marijuana smoke exposure on fetal breathing movements (FBMs) was investigated in 13 fetal lambs in the third trimester. These animals were surgically instrumented for long-term intrauterine recording of diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMG). Maternal inhalation of marijuana smoke [1.84% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] increased FBMs and resulted in a more continuous and regular breathing pattern. There was a significant increase in the number of breaths/h (p < 0.01) and the incidence of FBMs (p < 0.001) in the second hour. Breathing activity returned to presmoke level by the third hour. Duration of the longest breathing epoch was significantly increased from 16.8 ± 3.3 min to 31.9 ± 5.2 min(p < 0.005). Instantaneous breathing rate was much more stable in the second hour after marijuana exposure (p < 0.01). Inhalation of placebo smoke did not result in any significant change in either overall breathing activity or continuity and stability of the breathing rate. The effects of marijuana smoke on fetal breathing were not observed after repeated smoke exposure. These results suggest that tolerance develops rapidly to the respiratory stimulating effect of marijuana smoke in the fetus.
Differentiated Urban Citizenship and Housing Rights: Analysing the Social Impacts of Urban Redevelopment in Globalizing Istanbul

AbstractThere is growing interest in the transformation of urban citizenship and the changing right to the city of the urban poor under neoliberal restructuring of cities in the Global South. This article examines a ‘squatter settlement transformation project’ in Istanbul that is intended to contribute towards the transformation of Istanbul into a global city. The transformation projects are based on private homeownership, incorporate the urban poor into a new ‘property regime’ and allocate them differentiated access to housing in the city. Using qualitative data, this article traces the unequal outcomes of the project for its displaced residents and demonstrates the emergence of ‘differentiated urban citizenship’. This emergent urban citizenship regime in Turkish cities organizes the distribution of substantive housing rights based on social inequalities among the urban poor, and thus consolidates and perpetuates these inequalities in society.
Sacredness in an experimental chamber

I focus on the problem of whether a specific biologic basis exists for reinforcing the power of money. I argue in favor of its existence based on a new interpretation of data obtained in experiments with pigeons and rats in an experimental chamber. The experiments demonstrated that in the animals' behavior we can observe some features that had been considered pertinent to human beings only, such as making certain sources of utility “sacred.”
Modulated Dispersion Explains Changes in Arrhythmia Vulnerability During Premature Stimulation of the Heart

Background —Previously, we have shown that a premature stimulus can significantly modulate spatial gradients of ventricular repolarization (ie, modulated dispersion), which result from heterogeneous electrophysiological properties between cells. The role modulated dispersion may play in determining electrical instability in the heart is unknown. Methods and Results —To determine if premature stimulus–induced changes in repolarization are a mechanism that governs susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias, optical action potentials were recorded simultaneously from 128 ventricular sites (1 cm2) in 8 Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts. After baseline pacing (S1), a single premature stimulus (S2) was introduced over a range of S1S2 coupling intervals. Arrhythmia vulnerability after each premature stimulus was determined by measurement of a modified ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) during the T wave of each S2 beat (ie, S2-VFT). As the S1S2 interval was shortened to an intermediate value, spatial gradients of repolarization and vulnerability to fibrillation decreased by 51±9% (mean±SEM) and 73±45%, respectively, compared with baseline levels. As the S1S2 interval was further shortened, repolarization gradients increased above baseline levels by 54±30%, which was paralleled by a corresponding increase (37±8%) in vulnerability. Conclusions —These data demonstrate that modulation of repolarization gradients by a single premature stimulus significantly influences vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. This may represent a novel mechanism for the formation of arrhythmogenic substrates during premature stimulation of the heart.
High-Temperature Superconductivity Without Cuprate Planes

Sr2YRuO6 and Ba2YRuO6, both doped with Cu on Ru sites, superconduct at onset temperatures of ∼49 and ∼93 K, despite having no cuprate planes. Sr2YRuO6 has two sister cuprate compounds, GdSr2Cu2RuO8 and Gd2-z Ce z Sr2Cu2RuO10, that begin superconducting at nearly the Sr2YRuO6 temperature, which suggests that all of these materials superconduct not in their cuprate planes (which do not exist in Sr2YRuO6 or Ba2YRuO6), but in their SrO layers (BaO layers for Ba2YRuO6). Generalization of this result to all high-T c superconductors implies that the cuprate planes do not superconduct, and that the SrO layers (or equivalent layers) do.
Mobile phone accessibility values for users with disabilities

In May 2008, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities came into force. Its passage requires countries to review policies and regulations on the accessibility of Information and Communication Technology ICT. Improvements in technology have enabled providers and manufacturers to enhance the accessibility features of mobile phones, but there is a need to conduct surveys among users with disabilities to find out the perceived accessibility values of mobile phones ITU, 2012, p.62. This study examines the relationships among accessibility values, technostress, and switching intentions for mobile phone users with disabilities. A survey was conducted and a structural equation model was developed. The latent construct of Accessibility Value, observed in terms of Usability, Connection and Companionship, has a direct and marginal negative effect on Switching Intention, and an indirect significant negative effect on Switching Intention through Technostress. Implications for enhancing the accessibility of mobile phones are discussed.
Ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma metastatic to breast.

A young woman developed metastases to both breasts from an ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma diagnosed 2 1/2 years earlier. Despite surgical excision of the breast metastases, postoperative radiotherapy to both breasts, and intensive chemotherapy, her breast metastases recurred in association with rapid progression of the disease in general. She died 1 year after the initial diagnosis of breast metastases. This case is the eighth report of a malignancy arising in the head and neck that metastasized to the breasts. The relevant literature is reviewed.
Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia in Cocaine-Induced Cardiac Arrest: Further Evidence

Therapeutic hypothermia is an important and successful treatment that has been endorsed only in specific clinical settings of cardiac arrest. Inclusion criteria thus far have not embraced drug-induced cardiac arrest, but clinical evidence has been mounting that therapeutic hypothermia may be beneficial in such cases. A 59-year-old man who experienced a cocaine-induced cardiac arrest had a full neurological recovery after use of therapeutic hypothermia. The relevant pathophysiology of cocaine-induced cardiac arrest is reviewed, the mechanism and history of therapeutic hypothermia are discussed, and the clinical evidence recommending the use of therapeutic hypothermia in cocaine-induced cardiac arrest is reinforced.
Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Characterization of Sulfur-Oxygen Species Resulting from the Reaction of SO2 with CaO and CaCO3:

Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FT-IR/PAS) has been used to investigate the reaction of SO2 in He with CaO and CaCO3 particles at temperatures between 25 and 900°C. The reaction of SO2 with CaO occurs at 25°C, while the reaction of CaCO3 with SO2 is first evident at 550°C. The initial product of both of these reactions is CaSO3. The CaSO3 then further reacts with SO2 to form CaSO4, CaS2O3, and CaS at higher temperatures. At 900°C and above, the net production of SO4− and S2O3− is decreased because of the decomposition of SO3−. FTIR/PAS depth-profiling experiments indicate the formation of a reaction-limiting product layer of SO3− and SO4− from the above reactions on the surface of the CaO and CaCO3 particles.
How consumer shopping orientation influences perceived crowding, excitement, and stress at the mall

While a few researchers have started to chip away at the notion that retail density is always negative, extant studies do not empirically address the question of why some shoppers respond negatively to a specific level of density while others respond positively. We examine this issue by drawing upon field theory (Lewin 1939) to shed light on how shoppers vary in terms of deeper motives (McClelland 1953) to seek control or intimacy with others in retail mall settings, and whether these motives influence shopping orientations. Shopping orientation is then hypothesized to affect perceptions of crowding, and, in turn, subsequent affective responses to the mall shopping experience. Moreover, we examine whether individual differences (gender and age) can help retailers segment those with different shopping orientations and the motives that influence these orientations. We found that task and social shopping orientations were influenced by deeper motives for control and intimacy. The causal relationships between shopping motive, shopping orientation, and consumers’ affective responses of stress and excitement were also discovered. Finally, we address theoretical and managerial implications of our results.
The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly: Domestic Violence Survivors’ Experiences with Their Informal Social Networks

Informal social networks play a critical role in buffering the negative effects of stressful life events. For women experiencing the stress of a violent relationship, family and friends are among the first sources of support sought; however, reactions to the abuse by family and friends are not uniformly perceived as helpful by survivors. The current study takes a qualitative approach to examining the range of possible reactions survivors may encounter from their social networks regarding the abuse. Special attention is given to negative and mixed reactions, as they have previously been under-examined in the literature. Findings suggest that survivors (N = 45) regularly experience negative and mixed reactions. Emergent themes suggest that both positive and negative reactions to abuse could be understood in four broad arenas: safety, emotional availability, input, and aid. However, positive and negative reactions emerged as distinct constructs within each arena; mixed reactions took multiple forms including being withinperson and withinnetwork.
Structure of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index psychometrics and factor structure in a community sample

Abstract Converging evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (i.e., threatening beliefs regarding autonomic arousal) is a risk factor for anxiety pathology. Specification of premorbid risk factors requires exclusion of individuals with a history of spontaneous panic to ensure that anxiety sensitivity is not merely a consequence or concomitant of the experience of panic. However, the psychometrics and dimensional nature of anxiety sensitivity in such a sample is undetermined. The present study evaluated the factor structure of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), a measure of anxiety sensitivity, in a community sample ( N =233) with no history of psychiatric illness or spontaneous panic. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) suggested a two- or three-factor solution (I, Fear of Mental Catastrophe; II, Fear of Cardiopulmonary Sensations; III, Fear of Vasovagal Sensations). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) comparing alternative models indicated that a hierarchical two-factor solution (I, Fear of Mental Catastrophe; II, Fear of Cardiopulmonary Sensations) best accounted for the data. This model generalized well to a nonclinical college sample ( N =809).
Plant and soil recovery along a series of abandoned desert roads

Soil and vegetation dynamics were examined along roads abandoned for 5, 10, 21, 31, 55 and 88 years in southern Nevada in an attempt to elucidate factors controlling desert succession. None of the measured soil or vegetation parameters varied significantly with road age. Differences were found, however, between soils and vegetation on roads vs. nearby controls, and soils differed between roads created by surface vehicular traffic and bulldozing. Studies of recovery following disturbance in deserts must take into account natural patterns of plant and soil heterogeneity and initial disturbance type.
Design chart for a single-layer air-core transformer

The development of radar and television has caused considerable use of wide-band amplifiers which often employ transformer coupling. In many of these applications, the single-layer configuration with no space between windings is practicable. To eliminate trial and error in the design of these transformers this chart has been prepared.
Intoxicated Consent To Sexual Relations

to sexual relations while voluntarily intoxicated? The issue is not without its practical importance. The consumption of drugs and alcohol is implicated in many cases of 'date rape.' Although there is nothing approaching consent in many such cases, others involve what I call intoxicated consent and raise the question as to whether they should be regarded as moral, institutional, or legal offenses.1 Some think that we can define nonconsensual sexual relations as those cases in which A has sexual relations with B even though B says 'no' or fails to say or token 'yes.' But the important question is not whether 'no means no' (it should) or what counts as saying 'no' (that is rarely problematic). The more important question is often whether 'yes means yes,' whether B's consent token should be regarded as morally or legally transformative or, in a word, valid. After all, there are many ways of 'getting to yes.' B may unambiguously token consent in response to a threat, or indecent proposal, or when she is deceived, or when her competence to consent is questionable. And then we have to decide whether B's consent token makes it morally or legally permissible for A to have sexual relations with her. Here I focus on intoxication.