cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Promoting STEM Interest via Near-Space Ballooning

In this paper, we articulate an approach to promote STEM interest to grades 6-12 students utilizing the state-of-the-art engineering design practices and technologies that we applied to developing a 2017 solar eclipse ballooning system. A collaborative effort for partnerships with regional school districts is essential to this approach. The core components of the state-of-the art technologies are 1) the ability to simultaneously live-stream videos via a single wireless link operating at the 5.8 GHz ISM band and 2) a robust balloon-tracking system that employs both line-of-sight and Iridium-based Internet payload position reporting. We also briefly discuss two stages of learning for grades 6-12 students, effectively integrating teacher workshops and student summer camps. Finally, an analytical method using Cohen’s kappa is discussed to quantitatively interpret qualitative questionnaires.
Ready, Fire, Aim: Adapting to COVID-19

This paper provides insight into the rapid transition experienced by the students and staff who, before COVID-19 mandated shutdowns, were part of a blended instructional format for their classes. The students reported general satisfaction with the online transition while expressing reservations about the loss of personal interaction and concerns about inabilities to engage field experiences deemed critical to completion of the program.
Pocket ACE: Child sexual abuse survivors missed by the ACEs Study Questionnaire.

Abstract Background A 1998 seminal study catapulted adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) into the zeitgeist and shaped assessment of these experiences and long-term health consequences via The ACEs Study Questionnaire (ACE-SQ). However, the ACE-SQ’s childhood sexual abuse (CSA) item requires the perpetrator have been 5-years or older than the survivor for endorsement. This may not adequately capture CSA and limit the questionnaire’s ability to detect survivors. Objective This study assessed whether CSA survivors were missed by this 5-year modifier, whether service access was restricted, and whether those missed were at elevated risk for adverse outcomes. Participants and setting A sample of 974 women (M age = 30.46) completed an online survey. Methods Histories of CSA were assessed using the original ACE-SQ and an alternative version without the 5-year modifier. Participants were grouped by endorsement (Modifier, No Modifier, No CSA) and compared across numerous physical and mental health outcomes using MANOVA, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results Numerous CSA survivors are presently missed by the 5-year modifier (n = 118 of N = 249). This group demonstrated the same elevated depression (t = 3.44, p = .002, d = 0.34), heightened somatic symptom burden (t = 3.34, p = .003, d = 0.35), and poorer subjective health (t = -2.86, p = .012, d = 0.27) as those captured by the modifier. Conclusions Recommendations for research, practice, and policy include removing the 5-year modifier from CSA assessment, creating an empirically informed CSA definition, and eliminating or adjusting requisite cut-scores for accessing services.
Nrf2 activation by Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) fruit juices

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify Nrf2 activators from differently treated Morinda citrifolia L. fruit juices and their cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Noni fruit juices were prepared by different treatments: unripe (T1), ripe (T2), purchased (T3), and Noni juices fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (T4). These extracts were tested for Nrf2 activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition activities. These active extracts were further studied for their nuclear Nrf2 translocation and induction of HO-1 protein expression. Finally, the active extracts were purified using open column chromatography and RP-high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques through bioassay-guided separation. Moreover, all Noni juice samples were tested for cytotoxicity using mammalian cell-based methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results: Only purchased (T3) and ripe Noni fruit juices fermented with LP at 22°C (T4–22) showed strongest Nrf2 activation and NF-κB inhibitory activity. Further, these two extracts enhanced the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 after 2 h and also promoted Nrf2 and HO-1 nuclear translocation. Induction of HO-1 gene expression of Hep G2/ARE cells treated with T3 confirmed that it is a potent inducer of the Nrf2 target gene HO-1. Bioassay-guided separation resulted in subfractions with high Nrf2 activity. The strongest Nrf2 active subfraction led to the identification of scopoletin as an Nrf2 activator. Moreover, none of the tested samples showed any cytotoxicity for the MTT assay. Conclusions: The presence of potential Nrf2 activators in the Noni fruit juices that were nontoxic in our MTT assay could mitigate the production of harmful reactive species in the biological systems, and thereby, could helpful in alleviating and prevention of chronic diseases.
Classifying Literature Extracted Events for Automated Model Extension

1 SUMMARY In this study, we investigate the integration of three previously developed tools: FLUTE, VIOLIN, and CLARINET. We show how using these tools together adds additional capabilities in extending models from relevant research literature. We illustrate how we plan to address current modeling pitfalls with these tools (such as machine reading errors and literature volume), and how we plan to use these tools as the foundation for an automated model extension framework. Documentation and links to our tools can be found at: violin-tool.readthedocs.io clarinet-docs.readthedocs.io flute.readthedocs.io
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of epoxy resin during the curing process

Abstract Motivated by the need to establish a multiscale understanding of the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers used for nano-, meso- and macro-composites, we are presenting an investigation of the cross-linking process (associated with curing) of an epoxy phenol novolac and bisphenol-A melt system via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, we are focusing on the associated structural and physical behaviors of the melts of different cross-linking degree under Couette and Poiseuille flow conditions. At the nanoscale, we also investigated the stress, heat flux and temperature fields that are computable from the quantities of the coarse-grained model of the epoxy resin melt with the extended Hardy’s theory to multibody potentials. We have established that the epoxy resin chains tend to reorient along the direction of the imposed Couette flow, and the degree of alignment increases with the cross-linking degree and shear rate. The pronounced reorientation of cross-linked epoxy resin melts can be ascribed to the inter-bonded chains. This conformational change explains the shear thinning behaviors of cross-linked melts that initiate at low shear rates. The cross-linked melts under Poiseuille flow possess less pronounced velocity profiles, accompanied with the smaller temperature rise from the applied gravity force. Due to the size of the nanoscale channel height, the epoxy resin melts under Poiseuille flow can only be approximately predicted via the continuum theory. We have shown that the discrepancies between atomistic simulations and continuum predictions increase as the wall/epoxy interaction strength reduces. This study reveals the variations of important rheological properties during the cross-linking process and elucidates the roles played by the topological changes in the shear flow, thus can contribute to the design and manufacturing of the epoxy-resin based nanocomposites.
Epoxide-assisted alumina aerogels by rapid supercritical extraction

Abstract Aerogels offer a potential alternative to noble metals that could reduce both the cost and environmental impact associated with catalytic converter production. The environmental impact of the production of aerogel catalysts could be further reduced by using a rapid supercritical extraction (RSCE) technique, which reduces the time and solvent waste associated with aerogel preparation. Alumina aerogels, which have shown activity in catalyzing exhaust processing reactions, were prepared using an epoxide-assisted gelation technique with RSCE processing in a contained mold in a hydraulic hot press. Samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, nitrogen adsorption porosimetry and pycnometry. Solvent characterization by GC–MS headspace analysis shows that excess propylene oxide and chloropropanol products of an irreversible epoxide ring-opening reaction are present in the alumina gel following gelation, but can be removed via solvent exchange. Alumina aerogels with surface areas as high as 790 m 2 /g and bulk densities as low as 0.05 g/mL were prepared. Preliminary characterization of these aerogels, utilizing a catalytic test bed and a simulated emission gas blend, demonstrates that they have moderate ability for removal of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide.
The potential for maternal immunization to protect against neonatal infections.

H istory has demonstrated that maternal immunization to provide passive immunization for the fetus/neonate is not only a possibility, but a process that is repeated frequently on a daily basis around the world. In fact the idea, that the neonate could be protected by active immunization of the mother, is 112 years old. In 1879, Burkhardtl reported that infants born of mothers who had “Jennerian vaccination” during pregnancy were protected from the “vaccine virus” during the first days of life. This observation was reported nearly 80 years after Jenner first published his first 23 cases of smallpox vaccination. It was not too long after these first observations that it became clear that certain common infectious diseases such as diphtheria, poliomyelitis, scarlet fever, measles and others do not manifest themselves in the first few months of life because of passively acquired antibodies from the immune mother.*s3 Likewise, it is now known that other infectious diseases attack the neonate and young infant because they failed to acquire antibody from mothers who had either no immunity or low levels of antibody. For example, a major correlate of early-onset, acute sepsis of the newborn from type III group B streptococci is the low level of typespecific maternal antibody to the type III capsular polysaccharide.* Logic would dictate that if we could provide the pregnant woman with antibodies that could be transferred across the placenta to the fetus/neonate, we would go a long way towards preventing common and serious infections in these susceptible neonates. It is not possible to provide the fetus/neonate with enough antibody by passively immunizing the mother since the half-life of IgG is not long enough to provide adequate levels to the fetus in
English for Nursing

English for nursing is a specialty within English for specific purposes (ESP), which attempts to understand and describe the many ways in which English is used in the clinical setting in nursing, as well as in nursing education. Keywords: discourse analysis; esl/efl; language for academic purposes; language for specific purposes
Postmyocardial Infarction Syndrome Followed by Left Ventricular Aneurysm with Papillary Muscle Dysfunction

In a patient with acute myocardial infarction and post-myocardial infarction syndrome, ventricular aneurysm and papillary muscle dysfunction subsequently developed. Resection of the aneurysm did not relieve his symptoms, and left ventricular angiograms demonstrated mitral regurgitation presumably due to papillary muscle dysfunction. The patient's condition was markedly improved after replacement of the mitral valve.
Good vibrations in community college nursing.

(1974). Good Vibrations in Community College Nursing. School Health Review: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 30-32.
A progression of induration in Medusae Fossae Formation transverse aeolian ridges: evidence for ancient aeolian bedforms and extensive reworking

A progression of induration, erosion, and redeposition of transverse and networked transverse aeolian ridges (TARs) has been documented in the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF), Mars. Cratered and eroded aeolian bedforms are rarely observed on Mars, indicating that those found in the MFF have been inactive for much longer than those found elsewhere. Indurated TARs are observed to grade into faceted MFF terrain, indicating a genetic relationship between the two. We propose that TAR deposition, induration and erosion have played a larger role in the surface morphology and evolution of the MFF than previously recognized. The deposition, induration, and erosion of TARs indicate that the MFF has undergone multiple cycles of reworking, and that much of its current surface morphology does not reflect the circumstances of its primary emplacement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influences of marital conflict on child adjustment: review of theory and research.

This review summarizes the literature on the relationship between marital conflict and child maladjustment with an emphasis on variables that qualify, explain the association, or both. Following a historical review, the modest findings on the strength of the association between marital conflict and child maladjustment is explored. The definition of marital conflict is clarified through specification of its various dimensions (frequency, intensity, content, resolution). The role of variables that serve to moderate and/or mediate the relationship between marital conflict and child maladjustment are elaborated. Mediating models include exposure theories (Modeling, Cognitive–Contextual effects: appraisal of threat and blame, and Emotional Insecurity) and changes in the parent–child relationship (Spillover). Variables that moderate or qualify the relationship include children's cognitions and behaviors, contextual factors, and demographic differences. A model is presented summarizing these mechanisms. Research recommendations are proposed and the clinical implications of this literature are addressed.
Bohemian Bolsheviks After World War II: A Minority within a Minority

Institutionalized forgetting about the scope of the Trotskyist experience in the United States was on display in every venue following the deaths of Peter Rafael Bloch (1921–2008), an authority on Puerto Rican artistic culture, and George Perle (born George Perlman, 1915–2009), a Pulitzer Prize-winning music theorist and composer once married to the sculptress and painter Laura Slobe (1909–58). Nothing written even hinted that the two iconoclasts were in the past highly educated and committed Marxists, or that revolutionary ideas oxygenated their cultural thinking at crucial moments. Alarm over memory loss of this type is the motive for this present essay, which appraises the lives of Bloch, Perle, and Slobe along with other “Bohemians” who sought a vexed amalgam of unconstrained cultural creativity, personal freedom, and disciplined “Bolshevik” politics in the Socialist Workers Party (swp) during the late 1940s and 1950s. What can be recovered of the political and personal passions of many “outlaw” lives on the Left, of cultural revolutionaries and sexual non-conformists, especially from those who infused anti-capitalism with anti-Stalinism, are only fragmentary narratives to be steered warily into coherency. For the postwar decade, one must write a kind of ghostly history, the reconstruction of the presence of an absence in a time of persecution.
Periodontal Diseases: Bug Induced, Host Promoted.

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most ubiquitous diseases of mankind, considered to be the second most common dental disease worldwide, after dental decay. This chronic condition is characterized by a complex group of inflammatory diseases affecting the periodontium, or the tissues that surround and support the teeth. If left untreated, this condition can lead to progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth and subsequent loss of teeth. In fact, PD remains the most common cause of tooth loss in the world today; in the United States, it has a prevalence of 30%–50% of the population and can affect up to 90% of the population worldwide [1]. Like other conditions intimately related to access to hygiene and basic medical monitoring, periodontitis tends to be more common in economically disadvantaged populations. Interestingly, in addition to humans, periodontitis is the most common disease found in dogs affecting more than 80% of dogs aged three years or older. The complex nature of PD involving interactions between microbial and host factors has made this disease entity difficult to study. Here we provide a brief account of our current concepts of PD, its etiology, and the relevant clinical implications of this prevalent inflammatory disease.
Debating the Role of Higher Education in Society

Review of : Beyond the University: In Defense of Liberal Education , Michael S. Roth; (2014). Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. 228 pages.
Piezoelectric resonator materials

We introduce a new metric for judging material suitability for high frequency resonator use, and tabulate its value for a number of resonator materials. The new metric combines all the physical quantities associated with acoustic wave propagation in piezocrystals: mass density, dielectric permittivity, piezoelectric modulus, elastic stiffness, and viscosity. Use of this metric to rank materials yields some nonobvious and counterintuitive conclusions with implications for the directions the technology might take, and where the emphases for future progress might be placed. >
Modeling Chemotaxis in the Nematode C. elegans

To elucidate the neural mechanisms of chemotaxis in the nematode C. elegans, we constructed a model based on the anatomically defined neural circuitry associated with identified chemosensory neurons. The model combines the temporal derivative of chemosensory input with an internal representation of behavioral state to produce a duty-cycle controller of head angle during swimming movements. The model reproduces observed chemotactic behavior and suggests that separate control circuitry is required when moving up as opposed to down the concentration gradient.
Spirit and Trauma

Life following an overwhelming event of violence is fundamentally changed. Survivors struggle to reconcile their present experience of life—reconfigured through trauma—with their experience of faith. When individuals and religious communities try to put the events behind them and proclaim the good news before its time, they fail to attend to the ongoing realities of a death that do not go away. This essay explores a theology that witnesses to what remains.
Mammalian miRNA curation through next-generation sequencing

Characteristic small RNA biogenesis processing patterns are used for the discovery of novel microRNAs (miRNAs) from next-generation sequencing data. Here, we highlight and discuss key criteria for mammalian – specifically human – miRNA database curation based on small RNA sequencing data. Sequence reads obtained from small RNA cDNA libraries are aligned to reference genomic regions, and miRNA genes are revealed by their distinct read length and bimodal read frequency distribution, the predicted secondary structure of the deduced miRNA stem-loop precursor molecule, and, to a lesser degree, based on evolutionary conservation of small RNAs from other vertebrates. Properly curated miRNA databases are an important resource for investigators interested in miRNA biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Effects of differential release from time-out on children's deviant behavior

Abstract Contingent and non-contingent release from time-out were compared for effect on disruption during time-out and on non-compliance at other times. Contingent release seemed to yield better results.
Classifying Complications of Interventional Procedures: A Survey of Practicing Radiologists

PURPOSE To determine the variability of radiologists' classification of complications from interventional procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen test cases were selected from a database of morbidity and mortality cases that occurred in our department during the past 2 years. Ten cases were selected randomly, and five were chosen because of classification difficulties within our department. A survey with the case descriptions was presented to 145 SCVIR members via the World Wide Web and 48 were distributed to participants at a statewide angiography club meeting. Participants were asked to complete a short assessment of the their clinical background and to classify each case as “no complication,” “minor complication,” or “major complication.” RESULTS Thirty-eight percent (74 of 193) of the surveys were completed. Seventy percent (52 of 74) of the respondents were affiliated with an academic program, 12% (nine of 74) were affiliated with private practice groups, and 18% (13 of 74) claimed both academic and private affiliation. The consensus rate in classifying the complications for the randomly selected cases varied from 50% to 95%, with a median of 69%, and the consensus rate in classifying the selected cases varied from 46% to 95%, with a median of 85%. The lowest consensus rates occurred when (i) a significant procedural event was followed by a normal outcome, (ii) when a procedure was aborted, and (iii) when a significant event occurred but did not prolong hospital stay. CONCLUSION Current criteria for reporting complications are associated with moderate rates of disagreement among interventional radiologists.
The correlation between viscous flow and differential scanning calorimetry measurements at the glass transition in the metallic glass alloy Fe40Ni40P14B6

Abstract Viscous flow and differential scanning calorimetry measurements were made on Metglas 2826 through the glass transition. Corresponding deviations in output were observed in the two measurements. Using the shift in these deviations with heating rate, the activation energy for the glass transition was computed. The data were evaluated by both the Kissinger and the Ozawa methods, and the results are identical within experimental precision. This is believed to be the first detailed measurement of the glass transition temperature shift and the first activation energy determination using flow measurements.
Coverage of Team Science by Public Information Officers: Content Analysis of Press Releases about the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Centers.

This study examines the content of press releases from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Centers (STCs) to determine how public information officers (PIOs) presented the outcomes of centers to journalists and the public. A total of 68 press releases were analyzed for type of news covered, visibility of centers and their funding agency, extent of inter-institutional cooperation in the issuance of releases, and players covered. Three-quarters of STC releases mentioned the center, but less than half mentioned the NSF STC program and one-quarter didn't mention the center name at all. PIOs covering the STCs mainly issued research-oriented press releases accredited to their own institution. There was a low level of inter-institutional cooperation, with 13% of press releases jointly issued. Compared to research results and institutional news, which together accounted for 82% of the news events, broader activities such as knowledge transfer, diversity enhancement, and education were muc...
Computer simulation study on the cyclicities of Tribolium population dynamics

Under a set of assumptions, a mathematical model was constructed to investigate the effect of cannibalistic behavior and medium renewal schedule onTribolium population dynamics, and the results of simulation analyses were presented to show how modelling can contribute to a better understanding of experimental study. The analyses of the present model, the main concern of which is the cyclicity inTribolium population. showed that there are two distinct factors which create cyclicity, the cannibalistic behavior inTribolium itself, and the medium renewal schedule. Cannibalismper se does not necessarily cause cyclicity, but the combinations of cannibalistic behavior among various life stages and their relative intensities among them can cause cyclicity and can also determine the period of cycle. External factors also can generate cyclicity, but their interaction with cannibalistic behavior has a more significant effect in modifying the period of cycle. Some discrepancies between the model and experimental results were discussed.
Endoscopic assisted transaxillary augmentation mammaplasty

The aesthetic approach for insertion of a breast implant is through an axillary incision. The scar is hidden in an inconspicuous and infrequently exposed site; it is also often scarcely visible when faded. The described technique is simple and requires an added stab incision. Direct visualisation of the pocket provides a degree of precision and control previously not attained. The size of the axillary incision is determined by the size of the folded inflatable prosthesis.
Pilot Plant Results with Piperazine

Abstract Concentrated (40 wt %) piperazine (PZ) with two-stage flash regeneration is an advanced second generation amine-based process for CO 2 capture. Two pilot campaigns with the two-stage flash process were completed in 2011 and successfully demonstrated high temperature stripping at 150 °C with concentrated piperazine. Data reconciliation for the absorber with intercooling return spray was completed using Aspen Plus® Data-Fit. Data reconciliation for the two-stage flash with warm rich bypass was completed using Aspen Plus® Data-Fit and a dynamic model developed in MATLAB®. The results of data reconciliation analysis found that the CO 2 loading in the lean and rich streams needed to be systematically shifted upward, 4.6–4.7% in the stripper analysis and 7.5% in the absorber analysis. An analysis of the October 2011 campaign pilot plant data identified the two configurations with the lowest equivalent work as the high temperature two-stage flash with warm rich bypass and low pressure simple stripper. The calculated equivalent work for the two-stage flash with warm rich bypass from raw pilot plant data and reconciled pilot plant data is approximately 35 kJ/mol CO 2 and 36.6 kJ/mol CO 2 , respectively. Intercooling with a spray return improved absorber CO 2 removal performance by 6–7% at the lower gas rates and was found to be equivalent to a 7– 20% increase in packing height based on reconciled data results. Warm rich bypass to the low pressure flash tank reduced piperazine volatility by factor of two in the condensate. In addition, analysis of the pilot plant piperazine inventory at the end of the campaign identified the following degradation products (mmol/kg): N-formyl PZ (1.3), ethylenediamine (13), aminoethylpiperazine (3.6), Hydroxyethylpiperazine (3.9), formate (1.0), and N-nitroso- piperazine (0.09). The solvent analysis also found that the CO 2 capacity has decreased by 17%, with a slight decrease in CO 2 absorption rate and heat of vaporization.
Pem Davidson Buck, Worked to the Bone: Race, Class, Power, and Privilege in Kentucky. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001. viii + 288 pp. $55.00 cloth; $21.00 paper.

Pem Davidson Buck's book is intended to offer readers a view from under the sink (1). Initially rejecting a career for which her middle-class upbringing had prepared her, Buck moved from Pennsylvania to central Kentucky, where she and her husband became back-to-the-landers, growing and canning food and raising goats and calves, sometimes supplementing the family income by working as part-time day laborers on tobacco farms, as hod-carriers, and as plumbers. But it's not so easy to leave a middle-class liberal upbringing behind, especially down on the farm living below the poverty level. Working as a helper in the small plumbing and heating business she operated with her husband, Buck spent time lying on her back on the floors of the wealthy fixing leaks; from that perspective under the sink she looked up and saw fine furniture and other manifestations of wealth she could not afford. One thing led to another: seeing the world as if for the first time, “it appeared oppressive” (2). People, working people, that is, work extremely hard, and what do they get for their efforts? Boney fingers.
Synthesis of monodisperse iron oxide nanocrystals by thermal decomposition of iron carboxylate salts

Iron oxide (Fe3O4, magnetite) nanocrystals of 6 to 30 nm with narrow size distributions (σ = 5–10%) were prepared by the pyrolysis of iron carboxylate salts.
Negative Ion Electron Photodetachment from a Near-Blackbody Photon Source

We have observed the rapid loss of nitroxide anion (3NO-) in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR). The loss arises from two effects: a pressure-dependent component consistent with collisional electron detachment from 3NO-, and a pressure-independent loss that we attribute to direct (bound-free) photodetachment induced by light emission from a heated filament inside the cell.
Rydberg atoms in circular polarization: Classical stabilization in optical frequency fields

We investigate the classical dynamics of the Rydberg atom in circularly polarized laser fields, restricted to the two-dimensional plane of polarization. We use a Poincar\'e surface of section to study nonlinear resonance structures for optical frequency driving fields. We demonstrate the existence and morphology of these structures as the laser intensity transitions from moderate to intense.
EUS Staging of Upper GI Malignancies: results of a Prospective, Randomized Trial

Background Electronic 270° transverse-array EUS (TA-EUS) provides high-quality cross-sectional images but cannot guide FNA. Linear EUS (L-EUS) provides longitudinal images of malignancies and the ability to guide FNA. Objective We conducted a prospective randomized comparison of TA-EUS and L-EUS for the staging of upper-GI (UGI) malignancies. Design Forty-three patients underwent L-EUS immediately followed by TA-EUS (N = 27, 63%) or TA-EUS immediately followed by L-EUS (N = 16, 37%). Patients Forty-three subjects (mean age, 64 years; 37 men) with an UGI malignancy (4 stomach and 38 esophageal) were evaluated with both TA-EUS and L-EUS. Interventions Abnormal lymph nodes were sampled by FNA for cytology. Results There was agreement on the T stage by linear and radial techniques in 38 of 43 subjects (88%). Twenty-seven of 43 patients (63%) had abnormal lymph nodes by linear or transverse-array imaging. L-EUS demonstrated 66 abnormal lymph nodes in 27 subjects (average of 2.4 nodes/subject). TA-EUS demonstrated 90 abnormal lymph nodes in 27 subjects (average of 3.3 nodes/subject, P = .009, compared with L-EUS). In 16 of the 27 subjects, an FNA was performed, which was positive in 13 cases (81%) and negative in 3 cases (10%) for malignancy. Conclusions TA-EUS and L-EUS provide similar results of T staging of UGI malignancies. However, the number of abnormal lymph nodes detected by TA-EUS was more than by L-EUS. These findings suggest that radial or transverse-array EUS imaging should be the primary method for staging of UGI malignancies.
Effects of varied rearing temperatures and feeding regimes on retention of Bismarck Brown Y stain in alevins of chinook salmon.

Abstract Alevins of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) immersed in 15 mg of Bismarck Brown Y per liter for 1.25 h retained visual marks for more than 5 weeks at 12°C and 8 weeks at 7°C. Duration of dye retention was dependent on water temperature and availability of food. Dyeing the fish caused a delay in absorption of yolk and decreased the levels of whole-body glycogen after 1 week, but had little effect on the growth of alevins. The results suggest that caution should be used in estimating population sizes from recovery of dyed fish, because changes in environmental factors and physiological status of the groups under study may result in differences in behavior of or dye retention by the dyed fish.
In Situ Monitoring of Diffuse Double Layer Structure Changes of Electrochemically Addressable Self-Assembled Monolayers with an Atomic Force Microscope

An alkyl disulfide containing two sulfonate-substituted ferrocenes, 7,8-dithiatetradecane-1,14-di-(aminocarbonyl)-bis(1'-ferrocene-1-sulfonic acid), was synthesized and used to form electroactive self-assembled monolayers on gold electrodes. Atomic force microscope (AFM) force curves were employed to measure in situ the change in surface charge as the ferrocene groups were oxidized to compensate for the negative charges on the sulfonate groups. The electrode surface charge density was calculated from the surface coverage measured by electrochemical oxidation of the ferrocene groups, while the diffuse double layer charges were obtained from theoretical fits of the force data to solutions of the complete nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation with knowledge of the silica probe surface potential. A significant difference between the AFM measured (i.e., effective) surface charge and the surface charge calculated from electrochemical measurements was found. This difference is attributed to a layer of counterions near the surface that screens a large fraction of the surface charge (variously described as ion condensation or failure of the nonlinear PB theory). The experimental results also showed that the extent of this ion screening (∼97%) was relatively constant and independent of the total electrode surface charge.
Age and size at maturity in women: a norm of reaction?

Objectives: We present the first review and meta-analysis of the association between adult stature and age at menarche over a broad range of human societies. We then outline possible biological explanations for observed empirical associations. Methods: We analyzed the association between adult stature and age at menarche in 141 samples from published reports, including 35 samples for which the within-sample association was also reported. Results: Overall and in small-scale societies, later age at menarche is associated with shorter adult stature. However, both between and within samples from industrialized societies, later age at menarche is associated with taller adult stature. Conclusions: The pattern of associations between adult stature and age at menarche may be explicable as a norm of reaction that evolved according to predictions of life history theory. However, nonadaptive explanations are also plausible, especially for the positive association observed in industrialized societies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CUDA-based AES parallelization with fine-tuned GPU memory utilization

Current Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) presents large potentials in speeding up computationally intensive data parallel applications over traditional parallelization approaches since there are much more hardware threads inside GPUs than the computational cores available to common CPU threads. NVIDIA developed a generic GPU programming platform, CUDA, which allows programmers to utilize GPU through C programming language and parallelize applications in a similar way as in traditional multithreading approach. However, not all applications are suitable for this new platform. Only computationally intensive applications without strong dependency are good candidates. Although Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) does not belong to this group due to the light workload in its efficient implementation, this paper proposed an approach to arrange data in different GPU memory spaces properly, overcoming the extra communication delay, and still turning GPU into an effective accelerator. Experimental results have demonstrated its effectiveness by performance gains and proved that GPU can be used to accelerate more types of applications.
Rational Combinatorial Library Design. 2. Rational Design of Targeted Combinatorial Peptide Libraries Using Chemical Similarity Probe and the Inverse QSAR Approaches

We have developed a novel strategy for rational design of targeted peptide libraries. The goal of this method is to select a subset of natural amino acids that are most likely to be present in active peptides for the synthesis of library. Two different protocols are employed where chemical structures of peptides are described either by topological indices or by a combination of physicochemical descriptors for individual amino acids. The selection of a peptide as a candidate for the targeted library is based either on its chemical similarity to a biologically active probe or on its biological activity predicted from a preconstructed quantitative structure−activity (QSAR) equation. The optimization of the library is achieved by means of genetic algorithms (GA). This method was tested by rational design of the library with bradykinin-potentiating activity. Twenty-eight bradykinin-potentiating pentapeptides were used as a training set for the development of a QSAR equation, and, alternatively, two active pent...
Application of airfoil theory for nonuniform streams to wing propeller interaction.

The effect of a single propeller on the aerodynamic characteristics of a high aspect ratio wing has been studied. The basic assumptions of classical analysis have been retained except the one for the two-dimensional sectional analysis. For the section inside the propeller stream, classical analysis assumes that the sectional height of the propeller stream is infinitely large. When the Oncoming propeller stream is uniform and with a distinct boundary with the outer stream the modification is now* made to take into consideration the finite height of the higher velocity propeller stream in the calculation of the sectional lift. When the oncoming propeller stream is not uniform, and without distinct boundary, the sectional two-dimensional analysis is computed numerically by a finite-difference scheme, while in the three-dimensional analysis of downwash, the propeller stream is replaced by an equivalent circular cylindrical jet of uniform velocity. The numerical examples show that the modifications due to the use of more realistic two-dimensional analysis are significant.
Pathway index models for construction of patient‐specific risk profiles

Statistical methods for variable selection, prediction, and classification have proven extremely useful in moving personalized genomics medicine forward, in particular, leading to a number of genomic-based assays now in clinical use for predicting cancer recurrence. Although invaluable in individual cases, the information provided by these assays is limited. Most often, a patient is classified into one of very few groups (e.g., recur or not), limiting the potential for truly personalized treatment. Furthermore, although these assays provide information on which individuals are at most risk (e.g., those for which recurrence is predicted), they provide no information on the aberrant biological pathways that give rise to the increased risk. We have developed an approach to address these limitations. The approach models a time-to-event outcome as a function of known biological pathways, identifies important genomic aberrations, and provides pathway-based patient-specific assessments of risk. As we demonstrate in a study of ovarian cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas project, the patient-specific risk profiles are powerful and efficient characterizations useful in addressing a number of questions related to identifying informative patient subtypes and predicting survival.
Heterogeneous nucleation of water vapor on high and low energy surfaces

Abstract The rate of nucleation of water vapor condensing to drops on polycrystalline substrates having low and high surface energy was found to be strongly dependent upon the degree of supercooling. For each surface, a reproducible critical degree of supercooling was observed at which the nucleation rate changed rapidly. A plot of the critical degree of supercooling versus substrate surface energy gave a continuous curve with a minimum. The lowest degrees of supercooling were achieved by the silver halides. Materials having higher and lower surface energies than these halides gave greater critical degrees of super-cooling. For substrates of relatively low surface energy, the observed critical degree of super-cooling was generally smaller than the theoretical prediction of the Volmer-Becker-Doring heterogeneous nucleation theory indicating that the active nucleation sites must have a higher energy than the surface average. On high energy surfaces of cadmium and mercuric sulfide, where the contact angle was zero, the theory completely breaks down, and consequently predictions considerably underestimate the critical degree of supercooling. Variables not included in the theory such as the surface diffusion and adsorption free energies may account for these discrepancies.
Deep levels of platinum in silicon

Platinum has received renewed attention of late from device engineers as a means of lifetime-control in silicon. The energy levels assigned to platinum are not well defined, however, and ambiguities exist in the literature. In this work platinum was introduced into n- and p-type silicon and the energy levels and concentrations studied by thermally stimulated current and capacitance techniques. p]Schottky barrier diodes were used to study electron emission from two levels found in the upper half of the band gap. The use of Schottky barriers eliminated the problem of process-induced defect introduced by high concentration p+ diffusions. Phosphorus-diffused n+ - p diodes were used to study hole emission from three levels found in the lower half of the band gap. Platinum concentration versus distance profiles were obtained from thermally stimulated capacitance measurements. Experimental results indicate that the platinum concentration follows the boron concentration distribution near the junction in p-type silicon.
Topographic changes in corneal asphericity and effective optical zone after laser in situ keratomileusis.

Abstract Purpose: To determine the relationship between the spherical refractive change after myopic excimer laser surgery and the effective optical zone (EOZ) and corneal asphericity determined by corneal topography. Setting: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. Methods: Preoperative and postoperative topographies along with refractions were evaluated in all patients who had had laser in situ keratomileusis since January 1999 and had at least 6 months of follow-up. The VISX Smoothscan S2 excimer laser and the Hansatome® microkeratome (Bausch & Lomb) were used in all cases. Because optical zones are oval with astigmatic treatments with the VISX laser, only patients with spherical refractions and treatments were included. Thirty-nine cases met the criteria; their treatments ranged from −1.50 to −18.00 diopters (D). The preoperative and postoperative corneal asphericities (Q-values) were taken directly from the Holladay Diagnostic Summary Report on the EyeSys 2000, version 4.0. The mean diameter of the optical zone was measured on the local radius of curvature map using the outer edge of the yellow zone, which corresponds to 2 color changes or approximately 0.50 D steepening from the mean central radius (green). Results: The EOZ decreased as the amount of treatment increased. The decrease was slightly nonlinear, decreasing slightly more rapidly at higher treatments. For an “intended” 6.0 mm optical zone, the nominal EOZs from the least-squares second-order polynomial regression were 6.0 mm for −1.5 D, 5.4 mm for −5.0 D, 4.6 mm for −10.0 D, 3.8 mm for −15.0 D, and 3.2 mm for −18.0 D. The least-squares second-order polynomial regression yielded a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of ± 0.22 mm (R2 = 0.90). The asphericity increased nonlinearly in a positive direction (oblate) with the amount of treatment, indicating greater amounts of correction produced progressively more oblate corneal surfaces. The least-squares second-order polynomial regression yielded an SEE of ± 0.42 (R2 = 0.55). Conclusions: The EOZ decreased and the Q-value increased with the amount of myopic excimer laser treatment. The optical zone was approximately 4.3 mm with a spherical treatment of −12.0 D. These findings may explain the clinical studies that indicate high myopic treatments (above −12.0 D) are associated with poor visual outcomes.
The impact of auditor rotation on auditor–client negotiation

Abstract This paper reports the results of an experiment designed to investigate how mandatory audit firm rotation affects auditor–client negotiations. Drawing upon process theories of negotiation, we examine the strategies used by auditors and clients as well as the outcomes of their negotiations in alternative settings in which mandatory rotation is imposed or is not imposed. We posit that mandatory rotation changes (1) the dynamics of the audit market by increasing the number of clients who are in the market for a new auditor, and (2) the political costs to a client who switches auditors. These changes, in turn, alter the willingness of the auditor and the client to cooperate during negotiation. The results suggest that with mandatory rotation auditors adopt less cooperative negotiation strategies, producing asset values that are more in line with the auditor’s preferences than with the client’s preferences and more negotiation impasses.
THE PROBLEM OF EVIL IN THE FIRST AND LAST THINGS

The notions of the fall and of eternal damnation should, I believe, be regarded as mythological expressions of aspects of our own self-awareness. The myth of the fall expresses our sense of distance from the proper fulfilment of the God-given possibilities of our nature; and the myth of the double destiny, made vividly concrete in the polarity of heaven and hell, expresses our sense of the unqualified seriousness of the free choices and responses which are all the time inexorably forming our characters for good or ill. As ancient and long-lived poetry expressing important facets of our human self-consciousness these myths may properly be said to be true. That is to say, they are true as myths: they are products of the imagination which stir the will in a right direction. If, however, the mistake is made of taking them non-mythologically, and the question of their value is accordingly posed in terms of literal truth or falsity, then we are likely to dismiss them as false and yet at the same time to miss their significance as myths.
Sense of humor when coping with life stress

Abstract Humor can provide a method of coping with a variety of stressful situations. Unfortunately, the scientific measurement of humor has suffered from many methodological problems, including low reliability and social desirability bias. The Coping Humor Scale was developed specifically to assess the degree to which subjects report using humor to cope with stressful life situations. This study examined the utility of the Coping Humor Scale as well as measures of humor appreciation and humor creativity in 96 college students. Using correlation and multiple regression analyses, results showed that humor was associated with lower loneliness, lower depression, and higher self-esteem. However, these relationships differed according to the sex of the subject and the frequency with which subjects used humor to cope. Results support the notion that sense of humor plays an important role in the psychological adjustment of some subjects.