cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Unsupervised Algorithm for Learning Blocking Schemes

A pair wise comparison of data objects is a requisite step in many data mining applications, but has quadratic complexity. In applications such as record linkage, blocking methods may be applied to reduce the cost. That is, the data is first partitioned into a set of blocks, and pair wise comparisons computed for pairs within each block. To date, blocking methods have required the blocking scheme be given, or the provision of training data enabling supervised learning algorithms to determine a blocking scheme. In either case, a domain expert is required. This paper develops an unsupervised method for learning a blocking scheme for tabular data sets. The method is divided into two phases. First, a weakly labeled training set is generated automatically in time linear in the number of records of the entire dataset. The second phase casts blocking key discovery as a Fisher feature selection problem. The approach is compared to a state-of-the-art supervised blocking key discovery algorithm on three real-world databases and achieves favorable results.
Multibeam high-resolution UV wavelength reticle inspection

A new reticle inspection system with three parallel scanning laser beams for UV imaging for both contamination and pattern inspection has been developed to detect defects on advanced reticles for DUV steppers and low k1 lithography for .13 mm and extensions to .10 mm design rules. The development of the new three beam architecture at UV wavelength has significantly increased system throughput while improving the resolution of the imaging optics for inspecting advanced reticles including Attenuating, Tri-Tone, and Alternating PSM's and reticles with aggressive OPC. The system is capable of running multiple inspection algorithms simultaneously in transmitted and reflected light to achieve concurrent pattern and STARlightTM inspection, thus improving both sensitivity and inspection thoroughness with a single inspection. These improvements enable fast inspections of reticles for 4X lithography design rules at 0.18 mm, 0.15 mm and 0.13 mm. Initial simulations were performed to optimize performance of optical components and a new defect detection algorithm. The simulations identified that with the optics changes to achieve three beam scans and with new algorithms, the inspection was more sensitive to all defect types including on edge contamination defects, which can be particularly difficult to detect. Using both PSL and programmed defect test masks and real production reticles, initial observations of the nature and the frequency of defects detected with this 100nm sensitivity instrument will be presented. With more defects to review, the system software provides concurrent or remote defect review so time to disposition defects does not effect system inspection capacity. With smaller defects to review the quality of defect review images has a direct impact on the effectiveness and ease-of-use of reticle inspections systems. The smaller review pixel with the system combined with a suite of review imaging tools, yields high quality images for defect dispositioning.
The synthesis of certain sulfur-35 labeled sulfa drugs.

The synthesis of isotopic labeled compounds involves somewhat different techniques and methods than usual chemical syntheses. This paper describes the procedures used to synthesize sulfur-35 labeled N4-acetyl-sulfanilamide, sulfanilamide, 2 (N4-acetyl sulfanilamido)pyrimidine, and 2-sulfanil-amidopyrimidine.
On the surface roughness and hydrophobicity of dual-size double-layer silica nanoparticles

An array of double-layer silica nanoparticles with two different length scales was introduced onto the glass substrates for investigating the effect of surface morphology on wettability. Silica nanoparticles of 7, 12, 20, and 40 nm in diameters were individually functionalized using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Silica nanoparticles functionalized with the complementary amine and epoxy groups were deposited alternately on glass surfaces to obtain durable and covalently bound dual-size double-layer silica nanoparticle coatings. Order of the deposition of nanoparticles for the fabrication of dual-size double-layer coatings was found to be the most determinant factor on surface roughness and hence the wettability. Deposition of the bigger nanoparticles on top of smaller ones resulted in rougher surfaces and consequently higher hydrophobicity. Based upon these findings, it is now possible to fine-tune surface roughness and subsequent wettability by controlling the size ratio of dual-size double-layer silica nanoparticles.
Determinants of Lesion Size During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: The Role of Electrode-Tissue Contact Pressure and Duration of Energy Delivery

Determinants of Radiofrequency Lesion Size.Introduction: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is a promising modality in the management of cardiac arrhythmias, but the optimum protocol for energy delivery has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying electrode-tissue contact pressure and varying duration of RF energy delivery on the size of the resultant lesion in an in vitro model of isolated perfused and superfused canine myocardium. Methods and Results: RF power (500 kHz) was delivered through the tip of a specially-designed thermistor-tipped 1.6-mm diameter electrode mounted on an adjustable fulcrum so that contact force could be varied. RF power was adjusted to maintain a constant electrode-tissue interface temperature of 80°C during lesion production. Seventy-nine lesions were created with a 90-second RF energy delivery, and a contact force that was varied between 0 and 400 newtons (N) (0-41 g). Lesions produced with a small contact force (10 N) were significantly larger than those with a contact force of zero (width 5.5 mm vs 3.8 mm, P <0.0002), but not significantly different from those produced with the maximum contact force of 400 N (width 6.5 mm, P = NS). However, the greater contact force significantly decreased the power required to maintain a constant electrode-tissue interface temperature. Ninety-six lesions were then created using a constant contact force, but duration of energy delivery was varied from 10 to 600 seconds. Lesion size grew monoexponentially with time. The t1/2 of lesion growth was 7.6 and 9.6 seconds for depth and width, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, close electrode-tissue contact is essential for adequate lesion formation during RF ablation of myocardium, but increasing contact force does not significantly increase lesion size if power is adjusted to maintain a constant electrode-tissue interface temperature. In order to approach steady-state and maximize lesion size, duration of RF energy delivery should be at least 40 seconds.
Environments Perceived as Obesogenic Have Lower Residential Property Values

Background Studies have tried to link obesity rates and physical activity with multiple aspects of the built environment. Purpose To determine the relation between residential property values and multiple perceived (self-reported) measures of the obesogenic environment. Methods The Seattle Obesity Study (SOS) used a telephone survey of a representative, geographically distributed sample of 2,001 King County adults, collected in 2008–2009 and analyzed in 2012–2013. Home addresses were geocoded. Residential property values at the tax parcel level were obtained from the King County tax assessor. Mean residential property values within a 10-minute walk (833-m buffer) were calculated for each respondent. Data on multiple perceived measures of the obesogenic environment were collected by self-report. Correlations and multivariable linear regression analyses, stratified by residential density, were used to examine the associations among perceived environmental measures, property values, and BMI. Results Perceived measures of the environment such as crime, heavy traffic, and proximity to bars, liquor stores, and fast food were all associated with lower property values. By contrast, living in neighborhoods that were perceived as safe, quiet, clean, and attractive was associated with higher property values. Higher property values were associated, in turn, with lower BMIs among women. The observed associations between perceived environment measures and BMI were largely attenuated after accounting for residential property values. Conclusions Environments perceived as obesogenic are associated with lower property values. Studies in additional locations need to explore to what extent other perceived environment measures can be reflected in residential property values.
Unplanned admissions after outpatient cardiac catheterization

Increasing numbers of patients are undergoing diagnostic catheterization as outpatients; however, a small proportion of patients requires hospital admission following the procedure. Unplanned admissions after consecutive outpatient cardiac catheterizations performed during 1 year were prospectively reviewed to determine the incidence of and reasons for admission. Among 847 patients undergoing outpatient cardiac catheterization, 130 patients (15%) required hospital admission after the procedure. Admitted patients were divided into four groups: patients undergoing immediate percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (Group 1; 33%), patients with severe cardiac disease requiring urgent intervention (Group 2; 48%), patients suffering complications or hemodynamic instability (Group 3; 15%), and patients whose procedures were completed too late to allow same-day discharge (Group 4; 4%). Patients over 65 were more likely to require admission and women were more likely to be admitted with complications or hemodynamic instability. Findings are compared with results of other outpatient series, and implications regarding appropriate setting for outpatient catheterization are discussed.
An Evaluation Of Factors Affecting The Analysis Of Metals Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs)

Some of the main factors affecting the analysis of solid steel using laser-induced break-down spectroscopy (LIBS) have been investigated and are reported here. Pulses from an electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser were focused on steel samples to generate a high temperature plasma. The spectrally resolved plasma light was time resolved and detected using a photodiode array. The effects that changes in the lens-to-sample distance, laser pulse energy, and position of the imaging lens had on the LIBS analysis are described. These effects were minimized by ratioing the absolute element signals to adjacent Fe-lines. Calibration curves for Mn, Si, and Cr are presented and the accuracy and precision of LIBS analysis listed for several elements.
Simulation of the early startup period of high-temperature heat pipes from the frozen state by a rarefied vapor self-diffusion model

The heat pipe startup process is described physically and is divided into five periods for convenience of analysis. The literature survey revealed that none of the previous attempts to simulate the heat pipe startup process numerically were successful, since the rarefied vapor flow in the heat pipe was not considered. Therefore, a rarefied vapor self-diffusion model is proposed, and the early startup periods, in which the rarefied vapor flow is dominant within the heat pipe, are first simulated numerically. The numerical results show that large vapor density gradients existed along the heat pipe length, and the vapor flow reaches supersonic velocities when the density is extremely low. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data of the early startup period with good agreement.
Collision-Induced IR Emission Spectra of Impact-Heated Rare-Gas Clusters

Emission spectra of mixed rare gas clusters, heated by impact with a hard surface at hypersonic velocities, are shown to extend into the near-IR and visible regimes. The emission is due to the transient dipole that arises during the collision of dissimilar atoms. The simulations are for a cluster that remains in the electronic ground state throughout the collision and use classical dynamics to determine the positions of the atoms vs time. The spectrum is computed as the Fourier transform of the (quantum mechanical) time rate of change of the dipole of the cluster. The time dependence of the dipole velocity is obtained by replacing the positions of the atoms by the computed classical functions of time. Taking the Fourier transform of the dipole velocity rather than of the dipole itself introduces a quantal correction with the result that the computed spectrum satisfies the oscillator sum rule. Binary collisions make the major contribution to the spectrum and there are hardly any caging effects. The spectra...
Coordinating feedback and switching for control of hybrid nonlinear processes

A robust hybrid control strategy for a broad class of hybrid nonlinear processes with actuator constraints and uncertain dynamics is proposed. These variable-structure processes comprise a finite family of constrained uncertain continuous nonlinear dynamical subsystems, together with discrete events that trigger the transition between the continuous subsystems. The proposed control strategy is predicated on the idea of coordinating the hierarchical tasks of lower-level feedback-controller synthesis and upper-level switching logic design. Using multiple Lyapunov functions, a family of bounded robust, nonlinear feedback controllers are initially designed to robustly stabilize the constituent modes of the hybrid process, subject to uncertainty and constraints. The region of guaranteed closed-loop stability is then explicitly characterized for each mode in terms of the magnitude of actuator constraints and the size of the uncertainty. A set of stabilizing switching laws that track the energy evolution of the constituent modes are then derived to orchestrate safe transitions between the stability regions of the constituent modes and their respective controllers, in a way that respects actuator constraints and guarantees robust stability of the overall uncertain hybrid closed-loop system. This hybrid control method is applied through computer simulations to robustly stabilize an exothermic chemical reactor with switched dynamics, model uncertainty, and actuator constraints at an unstable steady-state and to design a fault-tolerant control system for chemical reactors through switching between multiple constrained control configurations.
Microfluidic synthesis of alginate 6-methoxyenthylamino numonafide (MEAN)– eluting microspheres for catheter-directed delivery to liver tumors

Purpose Amonafide has demonstrated potent efficacy to treat a broad range of solid tumors including HCC but clinical application has been limited due to severe toxicities. These toxicities have been mitigated with a new metabolically stable drug, 6-methoxyenthylamino numonafide (MEAN). Local transcatheter delivery to liver tumors using drug-eluting beads could also reduce toxicity of this drug. We aimed to test the hypothesis that microfluidic techniques can be used to synthesize MEAN-eluting alginate microspheres. Materials and Methods Microspheres were produced via custom-made microfluidic set-up, consisting of microfluidic chip, syringe pumps and optical microscope. Continuous synthesis of MEAN loaded magnetic alginate microspheres was performed by controlling the flow rate of oil (Qo) phase (N’-hexadecane and span 80) and aqueous (Qa) phase (alginate, magnetic clusters, and MEAN) constituents. Fluorescence measurements (λex=445 nm and λem=550 nm) were used to quantify MEAN elution rates from these alginate spheres into release media in triplicate tests. Imaging of these magnetic microspheres was performed using a 7T MR scanner (Bruker). Results Microfluidic methods effectively produced hydrophilic, deformable, and non-aggregated biodegradable alginate microspheres with a mono size range of 30~70 um (size dependent upon channel size and flow rates). Encapsulation of MEAN and magnetic clusters in the alginate microspheres was confirmed with fluorescent microscopy. The magnetic clusters embedded into the alginate matrix controlled drug release rates and prevented initial burst drug release. Strong T2-weighted image contrast was achieved due to the magnetic clusters within these microsphere drug carriers. Conclusion Microfluidic methods effectively produced MEAN-eluting magnetic alginate microspheres. These microspheres offer the benefits of controlled drug release and visibility with MR imaging. Future animal studies should verify efficacy of selective transcatheter delivery to liver tumors.
Primary structure of human skeletal growth factor: homology with human insulin-like growth factor-II

Human skeletal growth factor (human SGF) extracted from human bone has been purified to homogeneity by hydroxyapatite chromatography and gel filtration under dissociative conditions followed by FPLC heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. Human SGF was homogeneous except that in each preparation about 30% of SGF molecules lacked the N-terminal alanine. 75% of the human SGF sequence has been determined. The amino acid sequences of the N-terminal 20 amino acids and of several tryptic fragments were identical to the corresponding sequences of human insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) purified from serum. However, since the C-peptide (variable region) of human SGF has not yet been sequenced, we cannot conclude that SGF is identical to IGF-II. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of human SGF with that of IGF-II variants that have been described in the literature revealed that human SGF is not one of the known IGF-II variants. IGF-I was also found in human bone extract but was several-fold less abundant than SGF/IGF-II. The relative abundance of SGF/IGF-II and IGF-I in bone corresponded to the relative rates of production of these two mitogens by human bone cells in vitro. Regarding the physiological significance of IGF-II in bone, previous studies on the biological actions of SGF in vitro suggest that this growth factor can have both paracrine and autocrine functions on cells of the osteoblast line. In addition, we have proposed the concept that SGF is a mediator of the coupling of bone formation to bone resorption, an important bone volume regulatory mechanism. In as much as SGF is very similar (if not identical) to IGF-II, it seems likely that these proposed regulatory functions of SGF in bone are attributable to IGF-II.
The influence of temperature on the radiation damage line in ESR spectra of metamorphic dolomites: A potential paleothermometer

Abstract The ESR spectra of contact metamorphic dolomites at Marble Canyon, Texas, contain a peak at g = 2.0023 that is due to radiation damage. The intensity of this peak is related to the distance of the sample from the intrusive contact. Laboratory annealing experiments on both the natural samples and on artificially irradiated samples (X-ray) have shown that the signal decreases to a constant value at a particular temperature and does not simply decay exponentially. The signal therefore provides a paleothermometer that is sensitive at low temperature (
Analysis Of Intrinsic Crosstalk In Tapped-Serial And Fabry-Perot Interferometric Fiber Sensor Arrays

Recently, we reported a new interferometric fiber sensor array architecture based on a transmissive tapped serial sensor network which, like the reflectometric Fabry-Perot array configuration, exhibits intrinsic optical crosstalk between the sensor elements in the array. In this paper we discuss the origin of these crosstalk effects in both array topologies, and present theoretical models which predict the level of crosstalk between individual sensor elements in each type of array.
Structure of the 5' untranslated regulatory region of ferritin mRNA studied in solution

Ferritin mRNAs are the first eukaryotic mRNAs for which a conserved, translational regulatory sequence has been identified. The sequence of twenty-eight nucleotides, called the IRE (iron regulatory element), is found in the 5'-noncoding region and is required for enhanced translation of ferritin mRNA by excess cellular iron; regulation occurs at initiation. The prediction of secondary structure in the IRE is a hairpin loop. We now report an analysis of the IRE structure in solution studied in natural ferritin mRNAs [H and H'(M) subunits] by primer extension, after modification or cleavage by dimethyl sulfate, RNAases T1 and V1, and the chemical nuclease 1, 10-phenanthroline-copper (OPCu) which cleaves single-stranded and bulged regions of RNA. Overall, the structure in solution of the ferritin mRNA regulatory region is a hairpin loop, with magnesium-sensitive features, in which half the stem is provided by the IRE and half by flanking regions; only secondary structure is conserved in the flanking regions. Predicted bulges or internal loops along the stem were clearly detected by OPCu but were missed by the more bulky probe RNAase T1, indicating the efficacy of OPCu in probing subtle features of RNA structure. Magnesium-dependent deviations from the predicted structure were observed in the stem between the hairpin loop and the bulge at C6. The location of the IRE in relation to the initiator AUG or the cap is variable in different ferritin mRNAs. However, the number of nucleotides in the base-paired flanking regions of known ferritin mRNAs is proportional to the distance of the IRE from the cap and places the secondary/tertiary structure 8-10 nucleotides from the cap where interference with initiation is likely.
Laser Guide Stars for Adaptive Optics Systems - Rayleigh Scattering Experiments

Experiments have been conducted in the atmosphere above Mt. Laguna Observatory to measure the properties of laser guide stars. The experimental system consists of a high frame rate video camera which records the backscattered light from an Excimer laser working in the near-UV at 351 rim. The Mt. Laguna 1-meter telescope is used to both transmit the outgoing beam and to image the return beam. The outgoing laser pulse triggers a time-gated image intensifier within the video camera which, with an appropriately selected time delay, records a time slice of the backscattered return signal. Preliminary results from the experiment can be used to calibrate the laser power needed to operate a large ground-based adaptive optics telescope.
Determination of glycoalkaloids in potatoes (S. Tuberosum) with a bisolvent extraction method

A solvent mixture of methanol and chloroform (2∶1) was employed in the determination of glycoalkaloid in potatoes. The result obtained from bisolvent extraction was higher than that obtained from Soxhlet extraction with 3% acetic acid in ethanol. A more reproducible result was obtained with the steam-blanched surface sample than with the diced raw sample. Solanine and chaconine, the two components of glycoalkaloid in potato, could only be differentiated with thin layer chromatography, and they were determined colorimetrically. B5141-6 potatoes had much higher glycoalkaloid than did Russet Burbank and Kennebec potatoes as determined by the bisolvent extraction method using sliced samples.
Optimizing the broadband performance of TPF's high-contrast imaging testbed through modeling and simulations

We have carried out some investigation to optimize the broadband performance of the high-contrast imaging testbed (HCIT) at JPL through optical modeling and simulations. The analytical tool is an optical simulation algorithm developed by combining the HCIT's optical model with a speckle-nulling algorithm that operates directly on coronagraphic images, an algorithm very similar to the one that has been used on the HCIT. We have experimented in our simulations with different designs for the occulting mask and the Lyot Stop, and also tried several different speckle-nulling approaches. Some results predicted by our simulations agree well with the results measured on the HCIT. In this paper we describe the details of our simulations and present our results.
PREPARATION OF A NOVEL SEMI-INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK (IPN) AND STUDY OF THE RELEASE DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BLOOD THROUGH THE IPN

A novel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of poly (ethylene glycol), poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylamide) was prepared and its potential for sorption and delivery of human blood was evaluated. The influence of chemical composition of the IPN on the release dynamics of blood was also investigated. On the basis of the Fick's equation the diffusional exponent (n) was evaluated for different IPN compositions and tentative mechanisms of blood transport were worked out. Effect of pH of the release medium on the released amount of blood was also studied.
Providing clinicians with a patient’s 10-year cardiovascular risk improves their statin prescribing: a true experiment using clinical vignettes

Statins are effective for primary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease, the leading cause of death in the world. Multinational guidelines emphasize CV risk as an important factor for optimal statin prescribing. However, it’s not clear how primary care providers (PCPs) use this information. The objective of this study was to determine how primary care providers use information about global CV risk for primary prevention of CV disease. A double-blinded, randomized experiment using clinical vignettes mailed to office-based PCPs in the United States who were identified through the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile in June 2012. PCPs in the control group received clinical vignettes with all information on the risk factors needed to calculate CV risk. The experimental group received the same vignettes in addition to the subject’s 10-year calculated CV risk (Framingham risk score). The primary study outcome was the decision to prescribe a statin. Providing calculated CV risk to providers increased statin prescribing in the two high-risk cases (CV risk > 20%) by 32 percentage points (41% v. 73%; 95% CI = 23-40, p <0.001; relative risk [RR] = 1.78) and 16 percentage points (12% v. 27%, 95% CI 8.5-22.5%, p <0.001; RR = 2.25), and decreased statin prescribing in the lowest risk case (CV risk = 2% risk) by 9 percentage points [95% CI = 1.00-16.7%, p = 0.003, RR = 0.88]. Fewer than 20% of participants in each group reported routinely calculating 10-year CV risk in their patients. Providers do not routinely calculate 10-year CV risk for their patients. In this vignette experiment, PCPs undertreated low LDL, high CV risk patients. Giving providers a patient’s calculated CV risk improved statin prescribing. Providing PCPs with accurate estimates of patient CV risk at the point of service has the potential to improve the efficiency of statin prescribing.
Studies on the Behavior and Development of Enoclerus lecontei (Wolcott), a Predator of the Western Pine Beetle

Observations on the life cycle and habits of Enoclerus lecontei were made in the laboratory and field. The eggs passed through distinctive color changes during their development; these color changes were used to determine their age. The three larval instars were separated on the basis of head capsule width. Larval size varied according to the amount of food consumed. All larvae were orange-red in color, except the third instar which altered to purple 4 to 6 days after moulting. The duration of the respective stadia were first, 8 to 15 days; second, 5 to 8 days; third, 19 to 35 days. At least one mature prey-larva was necessary for development in each instar but up to seven were consumed. The third instar fed for only 4 to 11 days, the remaining time was spent in a highly mobile, non-feeding stage. The pupal stage lasted 9 to 11 days. Adults lived 36 to 114 days and consumed from 44 to 158 bark beetle adults. The sex ratio was 1:1. The mating habits, oviposition behavior and feeding behavior are described.
Testicular Cancer Screening in a Primary Care Setting

Testicular cancer most commonly affects younger males, and its incidence has increased in recent years. There is, however, a lack of data documenting the level of testicular cancer screening by physicians in primary-care settings in the U.S. In this retrospective study over a one-year period, we looked at the prevalence of testicular cancer screening in 200 males ages 18 to 39 in a universitybased clinic in Southeast Texas. Thirty-one (15.5%) participants received a testicular examination. Three participants were asked about testicular cancer risk factors, and three had education on screening (one participant had both, for a total of five). Of the three participants receiving screening education, two were taught testicular self-examination by the physician, while the other one was given written materials on screening. These rates of testicular cancer screening are low. Interventions are needed to help improve patient and physician awareness of testicular cancer screening.
Lithium−Iodine Exchange Mediated Atom Transfer Cyclization: Catalytic Cycloisomerization of 6-Iodo-1-hexenes

Treatment of 6-iodo-1-hexene (1) in a variety of solvent systems with either MeLi or PhLi at room temperature or above effects clean cycloisomerization of 1 to (iodomethyl)cyclopentane (4). This novel transformation, which is mediated by rapid and reversible lithium−iodine exchange processes, most likely involves the following discrete steps: (i) generation of 5-hexenyllithium (2) from 1 by exchange with MeLi or PhLi, (ii) irreversible cyclization of 2 to give (cyclopentylmethyl)lithium (3) and (iii) virtually complete conversion of 3 to (iodomethyl)cyclopentane (4) via a highly favorable lithium−iodine exchange equilibrium. The isomerization sequence 1 → 4 has been found to be effectively catalytic in PhLi when conducted in hydrocarbon−ether solvent mixtures at room temperature.
Two-Dimensional 1H and 31P NMR Spectra of a Decamer Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Duplex and a Quinoxaline ([MeCys3, MeCys7]TANDEM) Drug Duplex Complex

Abstract Assignment of the 1H and 3IP NMR spectra of a decamer oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplex, d(CCCGATCGGG), and its quinoxaline ([MeCys3, MeCys7]TANDEM) drug duplex complex has been made by two-dimensional 1H-1H and heteronuclear 31P-1H correlated spectroscopy. The 31P chemical shifts of this 10 base pair oligonucleotide follow the general observation that the more internal the phosphate is located within the oligonucleotide sequence, the more upfield the 31P resonance occurs. While the 31P chemical shifts show sequence-specific variations, they also do not generally follow the Calladine “rules” previously demonstrated. 31P NMR also provides a convenient monitor of the phosphate ester backbone conformational changes upon binding of the drug to the duplex. Although the quinoxalines drug, [MeCys3, MeCys7] TANDEM, is generally expected to bind to duplex DNA by bis-intercalation, only small 31P chemical shift changes are observed upon binding the drug to duplex d(CCCGATCGGG). Additionally, only small pertu...
Lipid peroxidation during enzymatic iodination of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract During enzymatic iodination of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum the peroxidation of endogenous lipids and the loss of cytochrome P450 has been observed. This lipid peroxidation can be inhibited by the inclusion of a low concentration of butylated hydroxytoluene in the iodination mixture. This results in increased incorporation of 125I− and stabilization of cytochrome P450.
CAM: A Conceptual Modeling Framework based on the Analysis of Entity Classes and Association Types

The problem of identifying relevant classes (entities) and associations (relationships) is a fundamental problem for conceptual modeling. In a previous work the authors introduced a conceptual modeling methodology named OMP (Ontology-based Modeling Patterns), which is based on the analysis of class categories representing entity types that are organized in the form of ontology. Since then the authors have explored a way to improve the methodology. As a result, in this paper the authors introduce a new conceptual modeling framework, entitled CAM (Class/Association-analysis-based Modeling), which is based on the analysis and classification of association types as well as entity types. The main objective of CAM is to serve as a tool to facilitate teaching the fundamentals of conceptual modeling to students in a systematic way, by providing extensible and adaptable entity/association classificatory systems that can be directly used in the problem-solving process. In this paper the authors present the CAM framework and illustrate its application.
Interpretive styles that contribute to job-related stress: Two studies of managerial and professional employees

Abstract A recent study by Thomas and Tymon identified a set of interpretive styles that appeared to contribute to job-related stress symptoms in workers. This paper reports two new studies that extend that research. These studies use survey data from 142 part-time MBA students and 408 project engineers, respectively. Results identify three interpretive styles that explain a significant proportion of variance in self-reported stress symptoms. Deficiency focusing involves a tendency to focus on what is wrong or can go wrong. Necessitating involves thinking in terms of what one “needs” to do. Low skill recognition involves a tendency not to attribute successes to one's competence. These interpretive styles appear consistent with constructs proposed by Beck, Ellis, and Seligman in clinical populations. The styles are asserted to increase stress by skewing subjects' primary appraisal process toward higher perceived threat. Possible interventions for modifying these interpretive styles are discussed.
Sub-Saharan African Women Living with HIV/AIDS: An Exploration of General and Spiritual Coping Strategies

From a global perspective the typical person living with HIV/AIDS is likely a sub-Saharan African woman. Yet despite calls from NASW to adopt a global outlook on the HIV/AIDS crisis little research has examined how such women cope. In this study the authors used a mixed-methods approach to explore how one sample of sub-Saharan African women (N = 162) attending an AIDS clinic in Entebbe Uganda cope with their circumstances. The results reveal the importance of indigenous service providers spirituality and to a lesser extent social support. Approximately 85 percent of the women reported that spirituality played some role in their ability to cope. Among these 43 percent indicated that spirituality was the most important factor that kept them going. The most widely used spiritual coping strategies consisted of support from other believers prayer and trusting in God.
Modeling of Thermoelectric Properties of Semi-Conductor Thin Films With Quantum and Scattering Effects

Several new reduced-scale structures have been proposed to improve thermoelectric properties of materials. In particular, superlattice thin films and wires should decrease the thermal conductivity, due to increased phonon boundary scattering, while increasing the local electron density of states for improved thermopower. The net effect should be increased ZT, the performance metric for thermoelectric structures. Modeling these structures is challenging because quantum effects often have to be combined with noncontinuum effects and because electronic and thermal systems are tightly coupled. The nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approach, which provides a platform to address both of these difficulties, is used to predict the thermoelectric properties of thin-film structures based on a limited number of fundamental parameters. The model includes quantum effects and electron-phonon scattering. Results indicate a 26‐90 % decrease in channel current for the case of near-elastic, phase-breaking, electron-phonon scattering for single phonon energies ranging from 0.2 meV to 60 meV. In addition, the NEGF model is used to assess the effect of temperature on device characteristics of thin-film heterojunctions whose applications include thermoelectric cooling of electronic and optoelectronic systems. Results show the predicted Seebeck coefficient to be similar to measured trends. Although superlattices have been known to show reduced thermal conductivity, results show that the inclusion of scattering effects reduces the electrical conductivity leading to a significant reduction in the power factor (S 2 ). DOI: 10.1115/1.2709962
In situ measurements of subsurface contaminants with a multi-channel laser-induced fluorescence system

A new multi-channel laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) probe with novel optical fiber probe geometry has been designed and integrated into a cone penetrometer testing (CPT) system for in situ contamination detection. The system is capable of collecting excitation and emission matrices (EEMs) of subsurface contaminants as a function of depth in seconds. Compared to our previous multi-channel LIF-CPT system, the new system is faster and more compact, with reduced probe size and sampling area. This article describes the first field demonstration of the system at Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts. One contaminated site within the base was characterized through in situ measurements of 26 LIF-CPT pushes. To validate the LIF results, core samples taken at five locations were analyzed by both on-site LIF measurements and by off-site laboratory analyses with EPA methods. The comparison of the LIF and laboratory results is presented, along with the results of the in situ measurements.
Dextran-based hydrogels for in-situ delivery of gallium-containing bioactive glasses

The overall goal of this project is to synthesize a degradable polymer hydrogel, which has the ability to act as a scaffold upon which therapeutic materials, particularly, Ga-containing bioactive glasses, can be seeded, while also allowing the ionic dissolution products of the glasses to interact with host tissues and fluids within the local environment.
Should completely intracorporeal anastomosis be considered in obese patients who undergo laparoscopic colectomy for benign or malignant disease of the colon

Background The outcome of laparoscopic colectomy with completely intracorporeal anastomosis (LCIA) in obese and nonobese patients is assessed. Methods Forty-five consecutive patients who underwent LCIA for benign or malignant disease of the right and proximal left colon were reviewed prospectively. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of >30 kg/m2. Results There were 24 men (53%) and 21 women (47%) with a mean age of 67 years (46-84 years). The mean body mass index was 27 kg/m2 (16-38 kg/m2); 13 patients (29%) were obese. One procedure was converted to a laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. The mean operative time, estimated blood loss, and duration of stay were 218 minutes (110-420 minutes), 82 mL (50-250 mL), and 5 days (2-11 days), respectively. The mean length of the larger incision (extraction site) and the sum of all port incisions was 4 cm (3-8 cm) and 7 cm (6-10 cm), respectively. Complications occurred in 8 of 45 patients (18%), with no deaths. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes per specimen was 11 (3-30 lymph nodes). Obesity had no effect on operative time (obese patients, 232 minutes; nonobese patients, 213 minutes), incision length (obese patients, 4 cm; nonobese patients, 4 cm) estimated blood loss (obese patients, 100 mL; nonobese patients, 76 mL), complications (obese patients, 15%; nonobese patients, 19%), duration of stay (obese patients, 5 days; nonobese patients, 5 days), or number of harvested lymph nodes (obese patients, 11 lymph nodes; nonobese patients, 11 lymph nodes). There were no port-site hernias or metastases during a mean follow-up period of 5 months (1-18 months). Conclusions LCIA can offer smaller incisions, improved cosmesis, and low conversion rates while oncologic principles are preserved. LCIA is a feasible and safe technique with equally successful outcomes in thin and obese patients.
Evaluations of College Professors: Effects of Professors' Sex-Type, and Sex, and Students' Sex:

Over 700 college students evaluated one of eight written profiles of a college professor. The descriptions varied by professors' sex and by professor sex-type (neutral/control, affective, instrumental, androgynous). Profiles were handed out in class to male and female students by regular instructors (experimenters). Professors described as high in affective qualities (the affective and androgynous professors) received the highest ratings on questions related to interactions with students outside of class. Professors' sex-type interacted significantly with students' sex and instructors' sex on these questions as well. The effects of both instrumental and affective qualities of the instructor appear to overshadow the effects of a professor's sex in students' evaluations, at least under certain conditions.
Release of ion-implanted and transmutation-produced helium from nickel

Abstract Measurements of He release were performed on Ni samples doped by thermal neutron irradiation or ion implantation. Closed and open cylinders of Ni were neutron irradiated at 100°C. The amount of He released into the interior of the closed cylinders was equivalent to that produced in the volume of Ni within about 0.5 μm of the surface, indicating some mobility of He at room temperature. The open cylinders were heated in vacuum while the He release was measured. Below 1000°C, the amount of He released was equivalent to that produced within 0.02 μm of the surface. Surface evaporation could account for the He release at higher temperatures. Upon melting the Ni, all the remaining He (about 98% of the amount introduced) was released. He release from Ni at temperatures between 18 and 600 K was measured after ion implantation of 35 keV He+ at 18 K. The only significant release was sharply peaked near 50 K. (A previously reported release near 150 K was probably an artifact related to the experimental techn...
A bilateral comparison of posterior capsule thickness and its correlation with glenohumeral range of motion and scapular upward rotation in collegiate baseball players

Hypothesis We hypothesized that posterior capsule thickness (PCT) would be greater on the dominant arm compared to the non-dominant arm. We also hypothesized that PCT would negatively correlate with glenohumeral internal rotation and scapular upward rotation. In addition, PCT would positively correlate with glenohumeral external rotation. However, currently PCT has not been measured nor have correlations been identified to exist with glenohumeral and scapular motion. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine if the posterior capsule was hypertrophied on the dominant arm and to identify if relationships exist with glenohumeral internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and scapular upward rotation (SUR). Materials and methods PCT was measured using a 10-MHz transducer. Glenohumeral IR and ER was measured supine using a digital inclinometer. SUR was measure at 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of glenohumeral abduction using a modified digital inclinometer. Results PCT was greater on the dominant compared with the nondominant arm (P = .001). A negative correlation was found between PCT and IR (–0.498, P = .0001). A positive correlation was found between PCT and ER (0.450, P = .002) and between PCT and SUR at 60°, 90°, and 120° of glenohumeral abduction (0.388, P = .006; 0.327, P = .023; 0.304, P = .036, respectively). Discussion This in vivo study demonstrated a hypertrophied posterior capsule and its association with GIRD, ER, and SUR. These observations suggest that PCT does occur on the throwing arm of baseball players and is linked with glenohumeral and scapular alterations. Conclusions This methodology could be used as a noninvasive screening evaluation for overhead athletes to identify those who may be at risk for shoulder injuries due to excessive capsular thickening.
Model-based assist features

We present a model-based method of generating and optimizing sub-resolution assist features. Assist feature generation is based on a focus sensitivity map derived from a cost function that minimizes the variations in the printed pattern with respect to focus change. We also demonstrate a method to generate mask-friendly SRAF polygons from the focus sensitivity map. After model-based placement, assist features and the main polygons are optimized together by moving their edge segments. One of the optimization goals is that side-lobes and assist features should not print. This is enforced by computing image on a two dimensional grid. We demonstrate the process window improvement for a contact layer example.
Population Characteristics and Ecological Role of Northern Pike in Shallow Natural Lakes in Nebraska

Abstract Northern pike Esox lucius were sampled in Nebraska's Sandhill lakes during 1998 and 1999 to determine population characteristics and their influence on the fish community in these shallow, warm lakes at the southwestern edge of this species' natural range. Density-dependent growth, size structure, and condition were not evident in the northern pike populations sampled. Relative abundance of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides was positively related to size structure of yellow perch Perca flavescens and bluegills Lepomis macrochirus when northen pike were absent. When northern pike and largemouth bass populations were sympatric, these relationships were less evident. Population size structure of yellow perch was lower in lakes with northern pike, but decreased size structure was not evident for bluegills. Northern pike growth decreased with July bottom water temperature, which ranged from 20°C to 25°C. Recruitment patterns of northern pike in the Sandhill lakes appeared to be lake-specific, stro...
SECTION OF MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING: THE CORRELATION OF FOUR‐BAR STRAIGHT‐LINE MOTION DEVICES BY MEANS OF THE ROBERTS THEOREM AND A DIRECT PROOF OF THE LATTER*

This paper deals with all the known straight-line mechanisms of four bars showing their variants in numerous figures. Next it considers a new and simple direct proof of the Roberts Theorem and shows that the general assumption of two mechanisms existing which describe the same coupler curve when one hinge is replaced by a sliding pair holds true only for the “outer” or fixed hinges, but not for the inner or moving hinges, in which case there exists only one mechanism. This was not known previously. Finally, this paper demonstrates the application of the Roberts Theorem to the correlation of the four-bar straight-line mechanisms described and depicted in the first part. It also shows that the real reason for the results of the correlation lies in the position of the various mechanisms in the curvature system.
Maximizing net light pressure on a chiral sculptured thin film by selection of the vapor incidence angle

The net light pressure on a chiral sculptured thin film, for normal incidence, can be maximized by appropriately choosing the vapor incidence angle during the fabrication of the film by physical vapor deposition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1407–1409, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22407
Thermal measurements and their bearing on crustal problems

In opening the thermal part of this symposium I want to say a little about terrestrial heat-flow, that is, the amount of heat which flows from the interior of the Earth and comes to its surface. We know at present very little about this quantity. Yet, if we are interested in calculating what temperatures exist at depths in the Earth greater than those which we can reach with a drill, it is necessary to know, among other things, how great this heat-flow is. Later I shall mention some particular geophysical problems where heat-flow measurements can give us information.