cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Hierarchy Hysterectomy and Stratified Stigma

Gynecological surgery prompts women to consider the meanings of their uteruses and ovaries, generally taken for granted as “natural” components of female bodies. Analysis of 44 in-depth interviews with women who underwent hysterectomy indicates that a preponderance of respondents conceptualized a socially constructed hormonal hierarchy based on the degree to which ovaries were excised in the course of surgery. While retained ovaries may not always produce actual physiological benefits, respondents placed great symbolic value on ovaries (or parts of ovaries) as the source of female normality. This reflects cultural understandings that hormones produced by the ovaries are the essential determinants of sexual difference. The interweaving of social constructionist and biological perspectives in respondents' narratives helps to elucidate the complicated interaction between the material body and the social body.
Prenatal nicotine exposure enhances the trigeminocardiac reflex via serotonin receptor facilitation in brainstem pathways.

In this study we used a rat model for prenatal nicotine exposure to test whether clinically relevant concentrations of brain nicotine and cotinine are passed from dams exposed to nicotine to her pu...
Identity boundaries: An empirical perspective

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to empirically test a newly developed theory of identity boundaries (Lile, 2013). In its initial theoretical construction, it is proposed that these boundaries are systematically related to identity style due to their similar, process-oriented nature. This study deviates from the original conceptualization of identity boundaries by hypothesizing that those with an informational identity style would have higher degrees of self–other differentiation than those with a normative identity style rather than vice-versa. College students ( N = 496, 69.4% female, 57.3% Caucasian) completed surveys of self–other differentiation and identity style. It was found that the informational identity style had the highest degrees of self–other differentiation, followed by the normative, and finally the diffuse-avoidant with significant differences occurring at all three levels, thus, supporting the hypotheses of the present study. Reasons for the deviation from Lile's theory are explored, implications of these findings are discussed, and new directions for this structural view of identity are proposed.
Dynamics of Frames with Nonuniform Elastic Members

Fundamental and higher characteristic values and characteristic vectors of frameworks with elastic or rigid members are obtained by an approximation of a dynamic structural matrix. The approximate method is derived based on the direct iteration procedure, and the reduced dynamic matrix. The dynamic structural matrix is composed of the product of the dynamic mass matrix and the mass flexibility matrix which is formulated from the structural configurations, and the elastic properties of the divided segments of the constituent nonuniform members. A computer program and numerical examples are provided of which eigenfunctions are tabulated and plotted. Significant differences or frequencies of the same structure with various considerations of rigid-body analysis versus elastic analysis, rigid-joint versus pin-connected joints are shown.
Does Plant Biomass Manipulation in Static Chambers Affect Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soils

One of the most widespread approaches for measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from soils involves the use of static chambers. This method is relatively inexpensive, is easily replicated, and is ideally suited to plot-based experimental systems. Among its limitations is the loss of detection sensitivity with increasing chamber height, which creates challenges for deployment in systems including tall vegetation. It is not always possible to avoid inclusion of plants within chambers or to extend chamber height to fully accommodate plant growth. Thus, in many systems, such as perennial forages and biomass crops, plants growing within static chambers must either be trimmed or folded during lid closure. Currently, data on how different types of biomass manipulation affect measured results is limited. Here, we compare the effects of cutting vs. folding of biomass on nitrous oxide measurements in switchgrass ( L.) and alfalfa ( L.) systems. We report only limited evidence of treatment effects during discrete sampling events and little basis for concern that effects may intensify over time as biomass manipulation is repeatedly imposed. However, nonsignificant treatment effects that were consistently present amounted to significant overall trends in three out of the four systems studied. Such minor disparities in flux could amount to considerable quantities over time, suggesting that caution should be exercised when comparing cumulative emission values from studies using different biomass manipulation strategies.
A regional assessment of marine vessel PM2.5 impacts in the U.S. Pacific Northwest using a receptor-based source apportionment method

Abstract This work reports results from a receptor-based source apportionment analysis using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model on chemically speciated PM 2.5 data from 36 urban and rural monitoring sites within the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The approach taken is to model each site independently, treats monitor datasets with a common data preparation protocol, and uses a common modeling protocol. Complementary data from two monitoring networks, the urban Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and rural Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) Network, was modeled for the period of 2007–2011. 15 different factor types were found for CSN sites and 17 for IMPROVE sites, however many factors occurred at only a few locations. Only 3 factor types were common in both networks: sulfate/sulfur rich, nitrate rich, and soil. However, for coastal and near coastal monitoring sites there were three additional factors common in both networks: sea salt, aged sea salt, and residual fuel oil combustion (RFO). This work presents annual average PM 2.5 mass impacts for all sites and factors found and the results for RFO are explored in greater depth. The association between RFO results and commercial marine vessel emissions is made based on similarities between factor chemical profiles and published emissions profiles, comparisons with emissions inventories, and the similarity in the spatial extent of RFO factor locations to that of the other marine aerosols identified in this study, sea salt and aged sea salt. All 14 monitoring sites with marine vessel RFO factors showed a seasonal cycle of mass impacts, with lower impacts in winter months (monthly average PM 2.5 between 0.1 μg m −3 and 0.9 μg m −3 in January) and higher impacts in summer months (monthly average PM 2.5 between 0.3 μg m −3 and 2.7 μg m −3 in August). These results set a baseline to measure progress in emissions reductions that are expected from implementation of the North American Emissions Control Area (ECA) beginning in August 2012.
Dual instrument passive acoustic monitoring of belugas in Cook Inlet, Alaska

As part of a long-term research program, Cook Inlet beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) presence was acoustically monitored with two types of acoustic sensors utilized in tandem in moorings deployed year-round: an ecological acoustic recorder (EAR) and a cetacean and porpoise detector (C-POD). The EAR was used primarily to record the calls, whistles, and buzzes produced by belugas and killer whales (Orcinus orca). The C-POD was used to log and classify echolocation clicks from belugas, killer whales, and porpoises. This paper describes mooring packages that maximized the chances of successful long-term data collection in the particularly challenging Cook Inlet environment, and presents an analytical comparison of odontocete detections obtained by the collocated EAR and C-POD instruments from two mooring locations in the upper inlet. Results from this study illustrate a significant improvement in detecting beluga and killer whale presence when the different acoustic signals detected by EARs and C-PODs are considered together. Further, results from concurrent porpoise detections indicating prey competition and feeding interference with beluga, and porpoise displacement due to ice formation are described.
An Overview of Planar Laser Scattering for the Visualization of High-Speed Airflows

The use of planar illumination to observe the scattering from minute particles in high-speed gas flows dates back about 3 decades [1], Initially, poorly-collimated non-coherent illumination was used to form the light sheet or screen, while the scattering medium usually consisted of an aerosol of moisture particles. This “vapour-screen” technique was generally applied in a purely qualitative fashion. Its name was a misnomer in that the scattering centers were clearly much larger than molecules of water vapor. Subsequent investigators have called this approach Mie scattering, which is also a misnomer in that Mie theory strictly applies only to spherical particles. Some current investigators use the term Rayleigh scattering under the unproven assumption that their scattering particles approach molecular dimensions. We call this method simply Planar Laser Scattering, or PLS for abbreviation.
Verb phrase movement as a window into head movement

Since Chomsky 2001 suggested that head movement might be a PF operation, there has been debate about the proper place of head movement in the grammar. The interaction of verb movement with verb phrase fronting can shed light on how and when head movement occurs. This paper looks at cases where verb phrase fronting generates two copies of the verb (as in Portuguese or Hebrew), one in the fronted vP and one in an inflectional position, showing how a PF approach to head movement can explain this pattern while addressing some potential problems in other languages.
Abstract 16786: Er71 Transcriptionally Activates Lmo2 and Regulates Endothelial Development

During early embryonic development, mesodermal progenitor cells give rise to multiple lineages including the cardiovascular, endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. Studies suggest that the extraembryonic yolk sac is a progenitor source for endothelial and hematopoietic lineages during embryogenesis. We have previously shown that Ets related protein 71(ER71) regulates the development of endothelial and hematopoietic lineages in the early yolk sac and embryo proper utilizing an ER71 gene knock out mouse model, an ER71 promoter driven EYFP-expressing transgenic mouse model and an doxycycline-inducible ER71-overexpressing ES/EB model. To decipher the ER71 mediated mechanism for lineage specification, we evaluated candidate downstream targets of ER71 using qPCR, transcriptome analysis, ChIP and transcriptional assays in the ER71 global gene knockout mouse and doxycycline inducible ER71 overexpressing ES/EB models. Using qPCR, we observed an absence of hematopoietic and endothelial restricted genes in the ER71 mutant yolk sacs and embryo proper compared to their wildtype littermates. We further observed a significant downregulation of Lmo2 in the mutant embryo compared to the wildtype control. Moreover, forced overexpression of ER71 using an inducible ES/EB system revealed that Lmo2 was significantly upregulated within 12 hours following ER71 induction. Analysis of approximately 100kb of the Lmo2 gene revealed multiple potential Ets binding motifs and evaluation of each of these sites using ChIP assays focused our efforts on the 1 kb region in the first intron of the Lmo2 gene. Using an array of biochemical techniques including EMSA, transcriptional assays and mutagenesis our data collectively support the hypothesis that Lmo2 is a direct downstream target of ER71. In summary, the present studies define an ER71-Lmo2 transcriptional network that governs endothelial specification and differentiation during cardiovascular development.
Algebraic cycles on the relative symmetric powers and on the relative Jacobian of a family of curves. I

In this paper we construct and study the actions of certain deformations of the Lie algebra of Hamiltonians on the plane on the Chow groups (resp., cohomology) of the relative symmetric powers $${\mathcal{C}}^{[\bullet]}$$ and the relative Jacobian $${\mathcal{J}}$$ of a family of curves $${\mathcal{C}}/S$$ . As one of the applications, we show that in the case of a single curve C this action induces a $${\mathbb{Z}}$$ -form of a Lefschetz sl2- action on the Chow groups of C [N]. Another application gives a new grading on the ring CH 0(J) of 0-cycles on the Jacobian J of C (with respect to the Pontryagin product) and equips it with an action of the Lie algebra of vector fields on the line. We also define the groups of tautological classes in CH $$^{*}({\mathcal{C}}^{[\bullet]})$$ and in CH $$^{*}({\mathcal{J}})$$ and prove for them analogs of the properties established in the case of the Jacobian of a single curve by Beauville in [5]. We show that our algebras of operators preserve the subrings of tautological cycles and act on them as some explicit differential operators.
A low-power, high-resolution, 1 GHz differential comparator with low-offset and low-kickback

A high speed, high resolution and low power comparator is designed and analyzed in this work. The proposed comparator is designed in low power TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology with 1.2 V power supply. The new presented comparator also has low power consumption. High resolution of the proposed comparator and the propagation delay are less than 1 pV and 300 ps. The comparator is clocked at 1 GHz frequency and the measured power consumption in 1 GHz clock frequency is 277 pW. The offset cancellation method is also proved to be 4.29 mV by running Monte Carlo simulation with 400 iterations.
Charge generation dynamics in polymer nonfullerene solar cells with low energy loss

Polymer nonfullerene solar cells are emerging as an alternative of polymer fullerene solar cells. However, maximizing the short-circuit density and open-circuit voltage is a critical issue in these solar cells. Here, using ultrafast spectroscopy, we measured exciton relaxation and charge separation dynamics in polymer nonfullerene blend with low driving force. Our study indicates high polaron yield despite the energy loss of as low as 0.59 eV. This suggests that the small driving force has minimum detrimental effect in realizing high performance in polymer nonfullerene solar cells.
The Scope of Extraprofessional Caregiving Challenges Among Early Career Faculty: Findings From a University Medical Center

Purpose Academic scientists work in competitive environments, and many institutions invest in career development supports. These investments may be imperiled when extraprofessional demands challenge a faculty member's reserve capacity. This research assessed prevalence of caregiving challenges and estimated incidence of stressful life events. Method In 2015-2016, the authors surveyed recipients of career development awards supporting ≥ 75% effort and individuals within the funding period of their first National Institutes of Health R01 or equivalent at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Domains included family structure, hospitalizations of family members, responsibility for coordination of caregiving, and an inventory of stressful life events. Results Seventy-two percent (152 of 210) of early career researchers responded. Over half endorsed experiencing one or more substantial caregiving challenges in the prior year. This included 35 (23%) having a child or adult in the household hospitalized in the prior year and 36 (24%) being responsible for health care needs for a child or adult in the household, or for coordinating elder care, assisted living, or hospice care. The majority experienced one or more caregiving challenges. Stressful life events increased relative risk of "thinking about leaving academics" by 70% (risk ratio: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 2.4). Prevalence and incidence of caregiving demands did not differ by gender. Conclusions Leaders, administrators, mentors, and faculty should anticipate that most women and men early career researchers will experience substantial caregiving challenges and life events in any given year. Sufficient need exists to warrant investigation of institutional programs to address caregiving challenges.
The Fefferman–Szegő metric and applications

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we develop properties of the Szegő kernel and Fefferman–Szegő metric that were first introduced by D. Barrett and L. Lee. In particular, we produce a representative coordinate system related to the metric. We also explore the Poisson–Szegő kernel. Additional analytic and geometric properties of the Szegő kernel and Fefferman–Szegő metric are developed.
HUMAN ANTIBODIES TO γA1 AND γA2 GLOBULINS; DETECTION OF A γA2 GENETIC MARKER

SUMMARY A serum-serum interaction incidentally noted in agar plate studies was found to be caused by precipitating antibodies to γ A2 globulin. Five other sera with γ A antibodies were also studied and a wide range of different specificities to γ A1 and γA2 globulin were found. Three of the sera with antibodies to γ A2 globulin recognized a genetic marker for this subgroup; family studies indicated a close linkage to the Gm system.
Epidemiology of Tardive Dyskinesia

As emphasized by earlier speakers at this symposium on tardive dyskinesia (TD), ambiguous definitions of this complex behavioral syndrome limit certainty about its epidemiology (Baldessarini et al., 1980; Jeste & Wyatt, 1982a; Kane & Smith, 1982; Tarsy & Baldessarini, 1984). Reported prevalence of TD among patients exposed to neuroleptics reflects the criterion of severity of abnormal movements required for the diagnosis. Thus, Smith and colleagues (1979a; 1979b) found a close, inverse correlation between the nominal prevalence rates of TD (ranging from less than 10%, to over 70%) in hundreds of inpatients and outpatients diagnosed as schizophrenic and the severity of dyskinetic movements as rated by the NIMH Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS-- a common, internationally employed instrument for this disorder (Baldessarini et al., 1980). There is also a need to correct raw prevalence rates of TD for the risk of “spontaneous” or idiopathic dyskinesias in similar populations not treated with a neuroleptic agent. In our recent review of such studies, the mean rate (all data are ±SEM) of spontaneous dyskinesias among 18 studies was 5.8 ±1.0% (Smith & Baldessarini, 1980), and others have found even higher rates (over 10%), especially among elderly patients (Kane & Smith, 1982). Among 45 studies, we found a mean (raw) prevalence of TD-like manifestations among neuroleptic-treated patients of 24.0 ±2.5%, and suggested a “best-estimate” for prevalence of neuroleptic drug-associated TD, corrected for the spontaneous risk rate, of 18.5 ±2.4%. To further complicate matters, a recent survey by Owens et al. (1982) found only slightly less dyskinesia among a small group of chronically hospitalized schizophrenic patients who had not been treated with a neuroleptic than in a large group exposed to ordinary antipsychotic chemotherapy. In part, this similarity may reflect age-related spontaneous dyskinesias of older persons as well as possibly increased risk of abnormal movements other than TD among chronically psychotic patients (Owens, 1983). Despite the uncertainty surrounding the amount of risk for the manifestations of TD ascribable to neuroleptic treatment, there is little doubt that such agents contribute to the risk (Baldessarini, 1974; Baldessarini et al., 1980). Data on the incidence of TD are rare and remain inadequate. A recent study by Kane and associates (1982) suggests that among schizophrenic patients followed over four years of cumulative neuroleptic exposure at ordinary doses, the rate of appearance of new cases of TD was about 12%. An impression is that incidence rates are not linear over time (Kane & Smith, 1982), but that there is a peak risk between six months and perhaps 2–5 years of neuroleptic treatment, and the data of Kane et al. (1982) indicate a fairly steady incidence at 2–5% per year over 4 years of treatment.
Forecasting Gypsy Moth Defoliation with Indicator Kriging

Outbreaks of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), occur over large areas, but are difficult to predict. Models used previously to forecast defoliation utilized preseason counts of egg masses in a given stand of trees. Three dimensional indicator kriging is applied to the problem of forecasting local probability of outbreak in each of 6,075 2 km by 2 km cells in the state of Massachusetts, USA. From defoliation data representing about thirty years of records, variography showed a temporal persistence of outbreaks to be about 5 years on the average. An omnidirectional, spatial variogram was computed for each of the years since 1984, and found to be sensitive to the number of cells defoliated. At low densities, spatial variograms approached a pure nugget effect, whereas in years of relatively high densities, defoliated cells were clearly clustered. These observations were used to construct and test a three-dimensional simple indicator kriging estimator that uses two years of observed defoliation prior to the year to be forecast, and estimates of global level of defoliation for selecting a variogram and specifying an estimated frequency of defoliation.
Phase Transitions and Translational Freedom in Solid Electrolytes

In 1834 Faraday (1) recorded an interesting phenomenon. In his words: “I formerly described a substance, sulphuret of silver, whose conducting power was increased by heat; and I have since then met with another as strongly affected in the same way: this is fluoride of lead. When a piece of that substance, which had been fused and cooled, was introduced into the circuit of a voltaic battery, it stopped the current. Being heated, it acquired conducting powers before it was visibly red hot in daylight; and even sparks could be taken against it whilst still solid.”
Immigration Law Spanish-Style: A Study of Spain's Normalizacion of Undocumented Workers

In 2005, Spain undertook what the New York Times called "an immigration experiment worth observing." What this country did was called a regularizacion, a process of legalization of irregular immigrants. This process granted immigration amnesty to undocumented workers in the country who could meet certain statutory requirements. This is the legal process is studied in detail in this article. After discussing the background and history of Spain regarding labor immigration, Professor Lopez analyzes the situation regarding undocumented workers in Spain, the hardships faced by immigrants coming in and the problems created for Spain by the immigrants' arrivals. She then examines the regularizacion itself, along with the policy analysis undertaken by the Spanish government as it decided to implement the amnesty. Lopez further discusses whether the Spanish regularizacion of 2005 comports with the legal and policy norms of the European Union, of which Spain is a member. This analysis tries to understand the criticism that this action was a form of "back door" immigration to the European Union. The article further draws conclusions about immigration policy choices by individual nations and how they affect a network of nations in a globalized world. The article concludes by analyzing whether the regularizacion of 2005 was considered a success, and discusses lessons that can be learned from this regularizacion in Spain.
Asymmetrical Multi-Coil Wireless EV Charger with Enhanced Misalignment Tolerance

Real life operational conditions such as pad misalignment can cause a significant decrease in the output power and efficiency of an Electric Vehicle (EV) wireless charger. In this paper, a novel asymmetrical multi-coil wireless EV charger with improved misalignment tolerance and enhanced charging profile is presented. Sequential nonlinear programming coupled with parametric 3D Finite Element (FE) analysis is used to optimize the magnetic design of a 20kW Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system for enhanced misalignment tolerance. Three optimization problems are investigated: magnetic flux intensity, coupling coefficient, and mutual inductance. A second counter-current coil with lower number of turns is added to the transmitting pad of the design with superior misalignment performance from the investigated cases, thus creating the proposed asymmetrical multi-coil design. Time-stepping 3D FE circuit-coupled analysis is applied to analyze and compare the designs with and without the counter-current coil. The results show an improvement in the efficiency versus misalignment and charging area for the new asymmetrical multi-coil design. Moreover, the proposed design shows a 1.lSkW increase in the output power at rated load, and a 4.76kWh (6.30%) energy increment for a standard charging cycle of a Lithium-Ion EV 350V 80kWh battery.
Evolving swaps in transplantation: global exchange, vouchers, liver, and trans-organ paired exchange.

Purpose of reviewWith the ongoing organ shortage, several mechanisms to facilitate organ exchanges and expand the scope of living kidney or liver donation have been proposed. Although each addresses at least one barrier to transplantation, these innovative programs raise important ethical, logistica
Open-source Gauss-Newton-based methods for refraction-corrected ultrasound computed tomography

This work presents refraction-corrected sound speed reconstruction techniques for transmission-based ultrasound computed tomography using a circular transducer array. Pulse travel times between element pairs can be calculated from slowness (the reciprocal of sound speed) using the eikonal equation. Slowness reconstruction is posed as a nonlinear least squares problem where the objective is to minimize the error between measured and forward-modeled pulse travel times. The Gauss-Newton method is used to convert this problem into a sequence of linear least-squares problems, each of which can be efficiently solved using conjugate gradients. However, the sparsity of ray-pixel intersection leads to ill-conditioned linear systems and hinders stable convergence of the reconstruction. This work considers three approaches for resolving the ill-conditioning in this sequence of linear inverse problems: 1) Laplacian regularization, 2) Bayesian formulation, and 3) resolution-filling gradients. The goal of this work is to provide an open-source example and implementation of the algorithms used to perform sound speed reconstruction, which is currently being maintained on Github: https://github.com/ rehmanali1994/refractionCorrectedUSCT.github.io
Covert contrasts in the acquisition of English high front vowels by native speakers of Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish

The purpose of this article is to report results of an investigation into the production of a covert contrast by native speakers of Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish in the acquisition of the English...
WHAT SINAMA LANGUAGE IS THIS? LANGUAGE FEATURES AND SIMPLE METHODS TO HELP THE NON-LINGUIST NAVIGATE THE SINAMA LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS

The Sama have proven over and over again difficult to classify. Non-Sama have called them Badjaw, Samal, and Siyamal. Some Sama have refused to identify with the name Sama and call themselves only by the name of their places of origin. Others have found benefit to identify with the names given them by outsiders. Others have blended in with the Tausug people. As the Sama people have spread across the Philippines and Malaysia, Sama groups may experience reduced contact with other once neighboring or intermingled Sama groups. This paper gives practical though imperfect litmus test examinations that are of use to a cultural observer or those of Sama heritage in identifying which language and dialect of Sinama a conversant or text is written in. The paper focuses on giving meaning to four Sama-Badjaw language classifications and identifying surface level differences that exist among these languages as well as helping to pinpoint various dialects and under which language classification they fit best. The four languages are Northern, Central, Western, and Southern Sinama. Differences in vowel sounds, pronoun usage, language affixation and vocabulary are used to identify language category as well as give insight into what dialect of a language is being spoken. The paper is intentionally abbreviated and simplified in order to make it possible for non-linguists and even those with very simple knowledge of Sinama to make use of its findings. Keywords: Sama, Sinama languages, Sinama dialects
Perceptions of College Campus Alcohol and Sexual Violence Prevention among Students with Disabilities: “it Was a Joke”

The purpose of this study was to understand perceptions of campus-based alcohol and sexual violence (SV) prevention programming among college students with disabilities to inform future development of prevention programs appropriate for the needs of these students. The study included semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 51 college students with disabilities who reported histories of SV recruited from a larger parent study investigating a brief universal intervention to reduce alcohol related SV involving 28 campuses across Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Interviews focused on college-related experiences of prevention programming, and experiences of health, disability, alcohol use and violence victimization. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: (1) Students with disabilities described campus prevention programming as ineffective and irrelevant to their experiences, including referring to programs as “a joke,” (2) Students wanted multi-dose, developmentally relevant content that directly addresses the complexities of their experiences with disability, alcohol, and violence, and (3) Students called for programing focused on engaging their interests. Our results point to the need to augment campus-based programming, with attention to the unique needs and relevant concerns of students with disabilities, within the broader context of campus prevention programming.
Chapter 15 – Unification Revisited

In the literature, unification is often treated as a simple and straightforward matter, even though it is recognized as a deep and fundamental concept. However when a thorough presentation is attempted, it is realized then that the matter is fairly subtle and treacherous. For instance, the notion of most general unifier and its property of being unique up to renaming are open to different interpretations. In fact, there are several approaches to unification based on different mathematical concepts that are not equivalent. We present the alternatives and clarify their relationships. In the process, new results are obtained related to the notions of equation solving, most specific generalization, and constraint solving. This leads to a comprehensive presentation of an elementary theory of unification.
Report of prenatal maternal demoralization and material hardship and infant rhinorrhea and watery eyes.

Background Previously, we found that reported infant rhinorrhea and watery eyes without a cold (RWWC) predicted school age exercise-induced wheeze (EIW), emergency department (ED) visits, and respiratory-related hospitalizations for asthma. These findings appeared independent of infant wheeze and allergy. Overall, we theorize that prenatal material hardship and psychosocial distress can induce infant dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) leading to infant RWWC and school age EIW. Objective Test the hypotheses that indicators of prenatal stress and measures of maternal demoralization, which can alter infant ANS responses, would predict infant RWWC. Methods In a prospective birth cohort of urban children (n=578), pregnant women were queried in the third trimester about material hardship and maternal demoralization using validated instruments. Child RWWC was queried every 3 months in infancy. Results Forty-four percent of the mothers reported not being able to afford at least one of the basic needs of daily living during pregnancy and children of those mothers were more likely to have infant RWWC (P Conclusion These results suggest an association between material hardship and psychological distress during pregnancy and RWWC in infancy, further supporting a link between infant autonomic dysregulation and RWWC.
Digital Feminism and Affective Splintering: South Korean Twitter Discourse on 500 Yemeni Refugees

This article examines Korean Twitter discourse surrounding Yemeni refugees in South Korea. Sequestered on Jeju Island since their arrival in 2018, the 500 refugees have prompted enormous public debate in Korea, which has until recently defined itself in terms of a mono-ethnic identity. Grounded in the literature on Korean digital feminism, this article conducts a thematic analysis from a corpus of more than 8,000 Korean-language tweets. The refugees and their situation are found to be appropriated by different segments of South Korean society to make broader arguments about gender, nationalism, and economic insecurity. This article finds that prorefugee and antirefugee arguments draw on identical themes to draw opposite conclusions predicated on their different understandings of “Koreanness” in increasingly multicultural South Korea. The article suggests the notion of “affective splintering” to make sense of the lack of cohesion among individuals within superficially ideologically aligned groups, such as conservatives or digital feminists. Similarities and differences with Twitter discourse on refugees from other contexts are discussed.
Outcome by Sex in Patients With Long QT Syndrome With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator.

Background Sex differences in outcome have been reported in patients with congenital long QT syndrome. We aimed to report on the incidence of time‐dependent life‐threatening events in male and fema...
Leveraging implementation science to prevent and reduce musculoskeletal overuse injury in musicians: A proposal for the study of a conceptual framework.

Abstract Background Musician health and wellness, a fundamental requirement for safe, effective and optimal musical performance, is not guaranteed. Performance related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) affect between 60% and 90% of all musicians, and have serious consequences on musculoskeletal health, performance ability and the overall healthcare burden of musculoskeletal injury. The high prevalence of PRMD in musicians can be prevented and reduced via health-education programs designed to address risk factors and practice habits. Multiple studies demonstrate the efficacy of education and instructional exercises in reducing PRMD symptoms in musicians. Despite the awareness of risk and the substantial consequence of non-adherence, implementation of health-education programs is complex and challenging and is rarely offered in music institutions. For successful adoption of musculoskeletal health programs, it is important to identify system level barriers and facilitators and it is important to develop and pilot effective strategies to guide successful implementation of musculoskeletal health programs for musicians. Purpose This paper proposes a conceptual framework using implementation science methodology to study the factors that influence adoption of musician health education programs to prevent performance related injury. The overall goal of this methodology is to identify determinants of implementation by engaging key stakeholders, developing strategies for adoption of injury prevention programs and generate hypotheses for future studies. Methods The research plan is designed to accomplish the specific aims of this study. Through a mixed-method study we will use qualitative and quantitative methods to address potential barriers, and design and test implementation feasibility of health-education programs for musicians. Results/Conclusions Our findings will inform the development of a large-scale participant randomized hybrid trial to assess effectiveness and implementation outcomes of health education programs and ultimately reduce injury and promote musculoskeletal longevity and performance in musicians
State-level political partisanship strongly correlates with health outcomes for US children.

The Cook Partisan Voting Index (PVI) determines how strongly a state leans toward the Democratic or Republican Party in US presidential elections compared to the nation. We set out to determine the correlation between childhood health outcomes and state-level partisanship using PVI. Sixteen measures of childhood health were obtained from several US governmental agencies for 2003–2017. The median PVI for every state was calculated for the same time period. Pearson’s rho determined the correlation between PVI and each health outcome. Multiple regression was also conducted, adjusting for educational attainment and percentage of non-White residents. We also compared childhood health in moderately Democratic and Republican states (5–9.9% more Democratic/Republican than the national mean) and, similarly, for extremely Democratic and Republican states (10% or more Democratic/Republican than the national mean), using Wilcoxon tests. For all 16 health measures, the median values in Democratic-leaning states represented better outcomes than Republican-leaning states (9/16 had a beta value for linear regression associated with P < 0.05). When compared to Republican states, the median values in moderately Democratic states represented better outcomes for 14 of 16 health measures (9/14 associated with P < 0.05). Similarly, the median values for extremely Democratic states represented better outcomes with regard to all 16 health measures, when compared to Republican-leaning states (8/16 associated with P < 0.05). Conclusions: Democratic-leaning states displayed superior outcomes for multiple childhood health measures when compared to Republican counterpart states. Future research should investigate the significance of these findings and attempt to determine which state-level policies may have contributed to such disparate health outcomes.
Idiopathic primary intraventricular hemorrhage and cerebral small vessel disease.

Background Although primary intraventricular hemorrhage is frequently due to trauma or vascular lesions, the etiology of idiopathic primary intraventricular hemorrhage (IP-IVH) is not defined. Aims Herein, we test the hypothesis that cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVD) including hypertensive cSVD (HTN-cSVD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are associated with IP-IVH. Methods Brain magnetic resonance imaging from consecutive patients (January 2011 to September 2019) with non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage from a single referral center were reviewed for the presence of HTN-cSVD (defined by strictly deep or mixed-location intracerebral hemorrhage/cerebral microbleeds) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (applying modified Boston criteria). Results Forty-six (4%) out of 1276 patients were identified as having IP-IVH. Among these, the mean age was 74.4 ± 12.2 years and 18 (39%) were females. Forty (87%) had hypertension, and the mean initial blood pressure was 169.2 ± 40.4/88.8 ± 22.2 mmHg. Of the 35 (76%) patients who received a brain magnetic resonance imaging, two (6%) fulfilled the modified Boston criteria for possible cerebral amyloid angiopathy and 10 (29%) for probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy was found at a similar frequency when comparing IP-IVH patients to the remaining patients with primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage (P-IPH) (27%, p = 0.85). Furthermore, imaging evidence for HTN-cSVD was found in 8 (24%) patients with IP-IVH compared to 209 (28%, p = 0.52) patients with P-IPH. Conclusions Among IP-IVH patients, cerebral amyloid angiopathy was found in approximately one-third of patients, whereas HTN-cSVD was detected in 23%-both similar rates to P-IPH patients. Our results suggest that both cSVD subtypes may be associated with IP-IVH.
Analysis of Patient Factors Affecting In Vitro Characteristics of Subacromial Bursal Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells during Rotator Cuff Repair

Unsatisfactory failure rates following rotator cuff (RC) repair have led orthopaedic surgeons to explore biological augmentation of the healing enthesis. The subacromial bursa (SB) contains abundant connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) that may aid in this process. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of patient demographics and tear characteristics on the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and nucleated cell count (NCC) of SB-derived CTPs. In this study, we harvested SB tissue over the supraspinatus tendon and muscle in 19 patients during arthroscopic RC repair. NCC of each sample was analyzed on the day of the procedure. After 14 days, CFUs were evaluated under a microscope. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was then used to determine the relationship between CFUs or NCC and patient demographics or tear characteristics. The study found no significant correlation between patient demographics and the number of CFUs or NCC of CTPs derived from the SB (p > 0.05). The study did significantly observe that increased tear size was negatively correlated with the number of CFUs (p < 0.05). These results indicated that increased tear size, but not patient demographics, may influence the viability of CTPs and should be considered when augmenting RCrepairs with SB.
A study of the 0.634 μm dimol emission from excited molecular oxygen1

Abstract The rate constant, k d , for the process 20 2 ( 1 Δ) - 20 2 ( 3 Σ) + hv was determined for radiation at 0. 634 μm. It was found that at room temperature k d = (4.4 ± 1.3) × 10 −23 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 and that k d is independent of pressure for oxygen pressures up to 4.5 Torr and argon pressures up to 77 Torr.
Continuous oral contraception. Strategies for managing breakthrough bleeding.

One of the most important factors contributing to discontinuation and dissatisfaction with oral contraceptives (OCs) is the occurrence of unplanned breakthrough bleeding. This article discusses approaches to the management of breakthrough bleeding in women who use extended and continuous use OCs. (excerpt)
A translational and systemic approach to transferring liver transplant recipients from pediatric to adult‐oriented care settings

The purpose of this review is to (i) describe systemic changes made in our clinical practice to facilitate transfer of transplant recipients from the pediatric to the adult service and (ii) provide the rationale for instituting these organizational changes. To determine specific areas patients struggle to master, a survey assessing behaviors indicative of health care management was administered in pediatrics. Based on the results of the survey, all liver transplant recipients who transfer out of pediatrics are given a comprehensive clinical protocol, which includes a transfer checklist containing prerequisite items derived from our prior work. Patients are furthermore invited to enroll in a research study prospectively tracking both medical and psychosocial outcomes at six-month intervals. Data are discussed by the pediatric and adult teams, and additional adjustments to the transfer process are implemented in response. A summary of our clinical interventions and the resources required for implementation are presented. In conclusion, preliminary studies have demonstrated that transplant recipients are vulnerable to disruptions in health care management when they transfer out of pediatrics. This study describes one site's translational efforts to improve the transfer process for both the recipients and the clinicians, thus improving outcomes.
Throughput characteristics of a minimum energy wireless network

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the minimum energy wireless network, which seeks to provide global connectivity in an ad hoc network while maintaining overall minimum energy for communications. The properties and advantages of employing multi-hop communication over a direct peer-to-peer communication system are illustrated and the performance of such a network is characterized. The blockage percentage for throughput and the overall power consumption are also quantified via simulation.
MAGNETIC FIELDS MEASURED WITH THE 10830 A HeI LINE

Several advantages of near infrared spectral lines for magnetic field measurements are listed. In particular, the 10830 A multiplet of HeI is well suited for observations of chromospheric magnetic fields.
Adults of European ant‐like stone beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) Scydmaenus tarsatus Müller & Kunze and Scydmaenus hellwigii (Herbst) prey on soft‐bodied arthropods

Scydmaenine beetles are commonly described as predators specialized in capturing and feeding on armored mites of the order Oribatida, and documented cases of feeding on other live arthropods have not been known. Based on laboratory observations and a broad choice of Acari (armored and soft-bodied) and other soil arthropods, food preferences and associated behavior of two scydmaenine species are clarified and described. Adults of Scydmaenus tarsatus ignored oribatid and mesostigmatan mites, but readily attacked and fed on a soft-bodied Rhizoglyphus sp. (Acaridae), and on small springtails, especially on Ceratophysella denticulata (Hypogastruridae). A water drinking behavior was observed for this species, not reported previously in any Staphylinidae. Scydmaenus hellwigii ignored all tested Acari (including Rhizoglyphus) and scavenged on dead neanurine collembolans or freshly cut pieces of large springtails; a long term culture was maintained by feeding beetles with isotomid springtails. Previously reported strict specialization of Scydmaenus as a predator on Oribatida was not confirmed and it is concluded that the studied species feed on live soft-bodied organisms and scavenge on dead arthropods.
Academic librarian and English composition instructor collaboration: A selective annotated bibliography 1998‐2007

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an annotated bibliography of resources on the topic of academic librarians collaborating with English composition faculty and instructors for the implementation of information literacy instruction into English composition courses.Design/methodology/approach – In order to find relevant resources for the bibliography, the author consulted a library catalog, the WorldCat database, to find books not available in the local library, and databases to find journal articles. Databases consulted include a general database, an information science‐related database, and a library and information science‐related database.Findings – Whenever librarians collaborate with English composition faculty for information literacy, students' information literacy skills are improved.Research limitations/implications – This bibliography is limited to the time period 1998‐2007. Articles and books published before 1998 are not included. Also, popular magazines articles and newspapers ...
Subjective sleep quality and ethnicity are interactively related to standard and situation-specific measures of pain catastrophizing.

Objective Sleep quality and ethnicity are related to a host of general health outcomes including the experience of pain, yet it remains unclear whether poor sleep quality and ethnicity might interactively affect pain catastrophizing and laboratory-evoked acute pain reports. The current study examined the cross-sectional associations of subjective sleep quality, ethnicity, and their interaction with pain catastrophizing and pain reports.