cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive Genetic Algorithms for User Interface Design

We attack the problem of user fatigue in using an interactive genetic algorithm to evolve user interfaces in the XUL interface definition language. The interactive genetic algorithm combines computable user interface design metrics with subjective user input to guide evolution. Individuals in our population represent interface specifications and we compute an individual's fitness from a weighted combination of user input and user interface design guidelines. Results from our preliminary study involving three users indicate that users are able to effectively bias evolution towards user interface designs that reflect both user preferences and computed guideline metrics. Furthermore, we can reduce fatigue, defined by the number of choices needing to be made by the human designer, by doing two things. First, asking the user to pick just two (the best and worst) user interfaces from among a subset of nine shown. Second, asking the user to make the choice once every t generations, instead of every single generation. Our goal is to provide interface designers with an interactive tool that can be used to explore innovation and creativity in the design space of user interfaces.
Black Holes and Thermodynamics of Non-Gravitational Theories

This is a thesis/review article that combines some of the results of [1, 2, 3] with a short discussion of introductory background material; an attempt has been made to present the work in a self-contained manner. The first chapter mostly targets readers who are vaguely familiar with traditional and contemporary string theory. Chapter two discusses in detail the thermodynamics of the 0 + 1 dimensional Super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory as an illustrative example of the main ideas of the work. The third chapter outlines the phase structures of p + 1 dimensional SYM theories on tori for 1 ≤ p ≤ 5, and that of the D1D5 system; we avoid presenting the technical details of the construction of these phase diagrams, focusing instead on the physics of the final results. The last chapter discusses the dynamics of the formation of boosted black holes in strongly coupled SYM theory.
A comparison of 3 computerized Bolton tooth-size analyses with a commonly used method.

Abstract Four methods of conducting overall and anterior Bolton tooth-size analyses were compared using 22 (11 pretreatment and 11 posttreatment) sets of models. No more than 3 mm of crowding existed in any of the models, and all were in good condition. An analysis employing vernier calipers was completed 3 times to set a standard. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed a high degree of intra-operator reliability with mean R values of 0.930 and 0.843 for the overall and anterior discrepancies, respectively. The mean Vernier caliper results were compared with each of the following computerized methods: QuickCeph, Hamilton Arch Tooth System (HATS), and OrthoCad. No statistically significant error was present for any of the methods using repeated-measures analysis of variance testing and paired t-tests (p 1.5 mm) were present for each method. Absolute differences were calculated, and linear regression and R values were determined. The HATS analysis had the high...
A Survey of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology

The membership of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology was surveyed in order to determine its opinions about a variety of matters concerning the Society, including the relations of the Society and its members with the American Psychological Association, the Society's structure, its publications, and its convention program. How the survey was carried out is described, and its main findings are summarized.
Condor: a revised architecture for controlling the Utah-MIT hand

A fast architecture for controlling the Utah-MIT hand and other such complex robots is reviewed. These robots are characterized by a large number of joints and consequently demand powerful computer architectures to be controlled and utilized effectively. The version of the architecture derives its power from a novel bus-to-bus adaptor to couple a development host running a time-sharing operating system with a multimicroprocessor system devoted to real-time computations. The software is characterized by a few simple design concepts but provides the facilities out of which powerful utilities like a multiprocessor pseudoterminal emulator, a transparent fast file server, and a truly flexible powerful symbolic debugger could be constructed. >
Cohesinopathy mutations disrupt the subnuclear organization of chromatin

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chromatin is spatially organized within the nucleus with centromeres clustering near the spindle pole body, telomeres clustering into foci at the nuclear periphery, ribosomal DNA repeats localizing within a single nucleolus, and transfer RNA (tRNA) genes present in an adjacent cluster. Furthermore, certain genes relocalize from the nuclear interior to the periphery upon transcriptional activation. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the organization of the genome are not well understood. We find that evolutionarily conserved proteins in the cohesin network play an important role in the subnuclear organization of chromatin. Mutations that cause human cohesinopathies had little effect on chromosome cohesion, centromere clustering, or viability when expressed in yeast. However, two mutations in particular lead to defects in (a) GAL2 transcription and recruitment to the nuclear periphery, (b) condensation of mitotic chromosomes, (c) nucleolar morphology, and (d) tRNA gene–mediated silencing and clustering of tRNA genes. We propose that the cohesin network affects gene regulation by facilitating the subnuclear organization of chromatin.
Glucocorticoids-potent modulators of astrocytic calcium signaling.

Glucocorticoids are the first line of choice in the treatment of cerebral edema associated with brain tumors. High-dose glucocorticoids reduce the extent of edema within hours, often relieving critical increases in intracranial pressure, but the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids modulate brain water content are not well-understood. A possible target of action may be glucocorticoid receptor-expressing astrocytes, which are the primary regulators of interstitial ion homeostasis in brain. In this study, we demonstrate that two glucocorticoids, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone, potentiate astrocytic signaling, via long-range calcium waves. Glucocorticoid treatment increased both resting cytosolic calcium (Ca2+i) level and the extent and amplitude of Ca2+ wave propagation two-fold, compared to matched controls. RU-486, a potent steroid receptor antagonist, inhibited the effects of methylprednisolone. The glucocorticoid-associated potentiation of Ca2+ signaling may result from upregulation of the cellular ability to mobilize Ca2+ and release ATP, because both agonist-induced Ca2+i increments (via ATP and bradykinin) and ATP release were proportionally enhanced by glucocorticoids. In contrast, neither gap junction expression (as manifested connexin 43 immunoreactivity) nor functional coupling was significantly affected by methylprednisolone. Confocal microscopy revealed both the expression of glucocorticoid receptors and nuclear translocation of these receptors when exposed to methylprednisolone. We postulate that the edemolytic effects of glucocorticoids may result from enhanced astrocytic calcium signaling.
A quasi-correspondence principle for Quasi-Linear viscoelastic solids

In this paper we show that the correspondence principle that allows one to obtain solutions to boundary-initial value problems for Linear viscoelastic solids from solutions to that for a linearized elastic solid can be extended, in many circumstances, to the case of the Quasi-Linear viscoelastic solids introduced by Fung. We illustrate the ability to generalize the correspondence principle by considering a variety of problems including torsion, transverse loading of beams and several problems that involve a single non-zero stress component. This extension is however not possible for certain classes of problems and we present a specific example where the correspondence principle breaks down. The correspondence principle between Linear elasticity and Linear viscoelasticity also breaks down under certain conditions, however the correspondence between the solutions for Linear viscoelasticity and Quasi-Linear viscoelasticity is even more fragile in that it breaks down while the classical correspondence works, and hence we refer to the correspondence as a quasi-correspondence principle.
The Great Indian Phone Book: How the Cheap Cell Phone Changes Business, Politics, and Daily Life

Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews http://csx.sagepub.com/ The Great Indian Phone Book: How the Cheap Cell Phone Changes Business, Politics, and Daily Life Claude S. Fischer Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 2014 43: 680 DOI: 10.1177/0094306114545742q The online version of this article can be found at: http://csx.sagepub.com/content/43/5/680 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: American Sociological Association Additional services and information for Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews can be found at: Email Alerts: http://csx.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://csx.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Aug 26, 2014 What is This? Downloaded from csx.sagepub.com at UNIV CALIFORNIA BERKELEY LIB on August 26, 2014
Multimodal Learning Analytics as a Tool for Bridging Learning Theory and Complex Learning Behaviors

The recent emergence of several low-cost, high resolution, multimodal sensors has greatly facilitated the ability for researchers to capture a wealth of data across a variety of contexts. Over the past few years, this multimodal technology has begun to receive greater attention within the learning community. Specifically, the Multimodal Learning Analytics community has been capitalizing on new sensor technology, as well as the expansion of tools for supporting computational analysis, in order to better understand and improve student learning in complex learning environments. However, even as the data collection and analysis tools have greatly eased the process, there remain a number of considerations and challenges in framing research in such a way that it lends to the development of learning theory. Moreover, there are a multitude of approaches that can be used for integrating multimodal data, and each approach has different assumptions and implications. In this paper, I describe three different types of multimodal analyses, and discuss how decisions about data integration and fusion have a significant impact on how the research relates to learning theories.
Epidemiology of Conjugative Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamases in the United States

A sample of 752 resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli strains from 70 sites in 25 U.S. states and the District of Columbia was examined for transmissibility of resistance to ceftazidime and the nature of the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase involved. Fifty-nine percent of the K. pneumoniae, 24% of the K. oxytoca, and 44% of the E. coli isolates transferred resistance to ceftazidime. Plasmids encoding AmpC-type beta-lactamase were found in 8.5% of the K. pneumoniae samples, 6.9% of the K. oxytoca samples, and 4% of the E. coli samples, at 20 of the 70 sites and in 10 of the 25 states. ACT-1 beta-lactamase was found at eight sites, four of which were near New York City, where the ACT-1 enzyme was first discovered; ACT-1 beta-lactamase was also found in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. FOX-5 beta-lactamase was also found at eight sites, mainly in southeastern states but also in New York. Two E. coli strains produced CMY-2, and one K. pneumoniae strain produced DHA-1 beta-lactamase. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmid analysis suggested that AmpC-mediated resistance spread both by strain and plasmid dissemination. All AmpC beta-lactamase-containing isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, but so were 11% of strains containing transmissible SHV- and TEM-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. A beta-lactamase inhibitor test was helpful in distinguishing the two types of resistance but was not definitive since 24% of clinical isolates producing AmpC beta-lactamase had a positive response to clavulanic acid. Coexistence of AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was the main reason for these discrepancies. Plasmid-mediated AmpC-type enzymes are thus responsible for an appreciable fraction of resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. and E. coli, are disseminated around the United States, and are not so easily distinguished from other enzymes that mediate resistance to oxyimino-beta-lactams.
Redefining Risks and Redistributing Responsibilities: Building Networks to Increase Automobile Safety:

This article draws on the history of automobile safety in the United States to illustrate how technical design has been used to promote or maintain duties, values, and ethics. It examines two specific episodes: the debates over the “crash avoidance” and “crash-worthiness” approaches in the 1960s and the responses to the accusation that air bags were killing dozens of people in the mid-1990s. In each of these debates, certain auto safety advocates promoted the development of technologies designed to circumvent, replace, or compensate for “irresponsible” human actions because they believed that devices and techniques would be considerably more obedient and reliable than the American public. Other organizations, however, contested such reallocations because they also involved a shift in responsibilities throughout the rest of the sociotechnical network of auto safety. This article argues that those who controlled the precise definition of risk in auto safety had the upper hand in constructing both the soluti...
Supply response, marginal cost, and soil erosion implications of stover-based biofuels.

Existing economic analysis of corn stover as an energy feedstock has not considered potential changes in land use associated with different stover prices. We estimate the response of corn stover supply density to its price driven by changes in land use and examine its implications for a processing plant's pricing strategy and marginal cost, as well as associated changes in soil erosion. We find that plants will exploit the intensive margin as well as the extensive margin to secure additional amounts of stover. Our results show, counterintuitively, that a market for stover may result in lower soil erosion due to reallocations of land to continuous corn with removal, which, combined with no-till farming, results in lower soil erosion than the baseline without stover removal. Also contrary to expectations, using cover crops with stover removal may result in higher soil erosion due to land use changes within the fuel shed associated with optimal pricing.
Understanding Spatiotemporal Patterns of Multiple Crime Types with a Geovisual Analytics Approach

Comprehensive crime data sets have been collected over time, which contain the location and time of different crime types such as aggravated assault or burglary. To understand the patterns and trends in such data, existing mapping and analysis methods often focus on one selected perspective (e.g., temporal trend or spatial distribution). It is a more challenging task to discover and understand complex crime patterns that involve multiple perspectives such as spatio-temporal trends of different crime types. In this Chapter we used a data mining and visual analytics approach to analyze the crime data of Philadelphia, PA, which has all the crimes reported from January 2007 to June 2011. Specifically, the adopted approach is a space-time and multivariate visualization system (VIS-STAMP) and the analysis examines the spatial and temporal patterns across six crime types, including aggravated assault, robbery, burglary, stolen-vehicles, rape and homicide. The geovisual analytic tool provides the capability to visualize multiple dimensions simultaneously and be able to discover interesting information through a variety of combined perspectives.
Antibody-Mediated Blockade of Phosphatidylserine Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinomas Xenografts

Currently, the only FDA-approved systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, which provides only modest clinical benefit. We recently showed that treatment with a phosphatidylserine (PS) targeting agent suppresses tumor growth by targeting tumor vasculature and reactivating antitumor immunity. We tested the hypothesis that sorafenib increases PS exposure on tumor vasculature, thereby enhancing the antitumor efficacy of PS targeting. We evaluated the efficacy of combining a PS targeting agent (2aG4) with sorafenib in murine xenograft models of human HCC. Our results demonstrate that combination of 2aG4 and sorafenib had a superior therapeutic effect over single agent therapy. Mechanistic studies showed that sorafenib significantly increased PS exposure on tumor vasculature; the percentage of PS-positive vessels increased from 19 to 52, 23 to 68, and 30 to 55 % in PLC/PRF/5, C3A, and Huh7 tumors, respectively. Combination therapy significantly decreased tumor microvessel density and the level of M2 macrophages, while increasing the apoptotic index of tumor endothelial cells and the frequency of M1 macrophages. Furthermore, we report the findings of a Phase I clinical study of bavituximab, a chimeric version of 2aG4, combined with sorafenib in HCC patients. The Phase I results demonstrate the appropriate dose of bavituximab to be given with sorafenib in future clinical trials. Overall, these results strongly support the combination of bavituximab with sorafenib as a promising systemic therapeutic strategy for the treatment for advanced HCC patients.
Frieze groups

The study of frieze patterns is traditionally associated with group theory, a branch of abstract mathematics. In fact, frieze and wallpaper patterns appear almost universally in books on group theory because they are perfect illustrations of those ideas. Because the pattern is algorithmic, one can synthesize it and generate texture (such as when scan converting) or analyze it to find the texture coordinates (such as when ray tracing). The author takes a very informal and visual approach to the subject.
Physiology of Pain

Pain is a conscious experience that is affected by the peripheral nervous system, central somatosensory processing, and psychosocial/emotional processes.
Study on Primary Influence Factors for Application of Grey System Theong to Velocity of Explosive Forming Prjectile

The theortical analysis and numerical simulation of the of EFP velocity were conducted which is formed by the big-cone shaped line in this paper,and twelve schemes of the EFP velocity are be considered by the theory formula and numerical simulation.The influence factors of EFP velocity are be analysis by the grey system theory,and the grey correlation matrix has been established between all the kinds of influence factors with the EFP velocity.The primary influence factors on the velocity of EFP is follow by the density of explosive,the angle of line,the velocity of detonate,the diameter of line,the height of explosive and the thickness of explosive though analysis the grey correlation matrix,and offered a referenced evidence on the design of lines and explosive structure.
Chance distribution and placebo reactor.

Abstract These data do not support the concept that either a placebo reactor or a nonreactor really exists as a separate or distinct entity in an experiment measuring an objective phenomenon (vomiting) and a subjective phenomenon (nausea) or even with respect to the potentially more highly suggestible partial relief of nausea and/or vomiting. Since the intraindividual variation in response to a placebo was found to be as great as the interindividual variation, the likelihood of predicting placebo responses was not enhanced by increasing the number of placebo tests performed on any individual.
Measuring ability to enhance and suppress emotional expression: The Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression (FREE) Scale.

Flexibility in self-regulatory behaviors has proved to be an important quality for adjusting to stressful life events and requires individuals to have a diverse repertoire of emotion regulation abilities. However, the most commonly used emotion regulation questionnaires assess frequency of behavior rather than ability, with little evidence linking these measures to observable capacity to enact a behavior. The aim of the current investigation was to develop and validate a Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression (FREE) Scale that measures a person's ability to enhance and suppress displayed emotion across an array of hypothetical contexts. In Studies 1 and 2, a series of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the FREE Scale consists of 4 first-order factors divided by regulation and emotional valence type that can contribute to 2 higher order factors: expressive enhancement ability and suppression ability. In Study 1, we also compared the FREE Scale to other commonly used emotion regulation measures, which revealed that suppression ability is conceptually distinct from suppression frequency. In Study 3, we compared the FREE Scale with a composite of traditional frequency-based indices of expressive regulation to predict performance in a previously validated emotional modulation paradigm. Participants' enhancement and suppression ability scores on the FREE Scale predicted their corresponding performance on the laboratory task, even when controlling for baseline expressiveness. These studies suggest that the FREE Scale is a valid and flexible measure of expressive regulation ability. (PsycINFO Database Record.
Intrinsic Conductivity in Sodium–Air Battery Discharge Phases: Sodium Superoxide vs Sodium Peroxide

The primary discharge product in sodium–air batteries has been reported in some experiments to be sodium peroxide, Na2O2, while in others sodium superoxide, NaO2, is observed. Importantly, cells that discharge to NaO2 exhibit low charging overpotentials, while those that discharge to Na2O2 do not. These differences could arise from a higher conductivity within the superoxide; however, this explanation remains speculative given that charge transport in superoxides is relatively unexplored. Here, density functional and quasi-particle GW methods are used to comparatively assess the conductivities of Na–O2 discharge phases by calculating the concentrations and mobilities of intrinsic charge carriers in Na2O2 and NaO2. Both compounds are predicted to be electrical insulators, with bandgaps in excess of 5 eV. In the case of sodium peroxide, the transport properties are similar to those reported previously for lithium peroxide, suggesting low bulk conductivity. Transport in the superoxide has some features in co...
On-Wafer GaAs Schottky Diode Characterization Using an Integrated Pulse I-V/Pulse S-Parameter Measurement System

An automated on-wafer pulsed I-V pulsed S-parameter measurement system capable of synchronous voltage, current, and S-parameter sampling during 500-ns pulsed bias excursions has been demonstrated. Data obtained with this measurement system illustrate its utility for characterizing the relationships between Schottky diode quiescent bias conditions, rectifying barrier potential and C-V slope. These relationships result from deep levels in GaAs (traps) that affect the conduction processes of active devices. At microwave frequencies, the applied fields vary more rapidly than the time constants associated with traps: thus, carriers in deep levels do not contribute to the microwave properties of the device. Conventional bias-dependent S-parameter characterization used for nonlinear diode and field-effect transistor (FET) model development does not account for these effects. However, the measurement system described herein does account for these effects by coupling the applied quiescent bias with short, low-duty-factor, pulsed-bias excursions.
Generic medicine: Boston University students’ perceptions and surprising lack of knowledge

This project aims to compare knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes regarding generic medicines in an effort to illuminate the reasons for widely discrepant rates of generic utilization in different...
Basic Components of Instructional Programs for Severely Handicapped Students

Eight basip components of instructional programs fo severely handi apped students are discussed. Component aie seen to involve deter intion of cOlten, rationale, method, materials, measurement a d'student,p0formance. Emphasized is the need! for a }ask analysis Orientation i!'o determine content and for / developments ly sound longitudinal curriculum to justify:teaching a specific skill. An eclectic approach to questions of Methodology is advocated, basic principles of instructional measurement are reviewed, and the importance of students' rate Of response is considered. Use of funCtional a d nonfunctional tasks is one topic
Genome Sequences of 19 Rhodococcus erythropolis Cluster CA Phages.

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequences of 19 cluster CA bacteriophages isolated from environmental samples using Rhodococcus erythropolis as a host. All of the phages are Siphoviridae, have similar genome lengths (46,314 to 46,985 bp) and G+C contents (58.5 to 58.8%), and share nucleotide sequence similarity.
Strategic Offensive Cyber Operations: Capabilities, Limitations, and Role of the Intelligence Community

In 2015, the Director of National Intelligence began his discussion of global threats during his testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee stating that “[Cyber] attacks against us are increasing in frequency, scale, sophistication and severity of impact.” In the past, rhetoric around cyber security has focused on defensive measures – strengthening US systems to prevent cyber-attacks from disclosing sensitive information or causing service outages for critical infrastructure. More recently, intelligence, national security, and military leaders have discussed the need for offensive cyber abilities in order to understand and deter the operations of our adversaries.
Behavior Therapy and Job's Recovery:

Job's recovery from a state of psychological helplessness is identified with the presence of therapy procedures which correspond closely with contemporary behavior therapy techniques. Accusations f...
On Holy Ground: Church Sanctuary in the Trump Era

The number of deportations of unauthorized immigrants has increased dramatically since the election of Donald Trump. In keeping with long-standing tradition, religious communities across the United States have responded by providing sanctuary to unauthorized immigrants in the form of housing and social services. Thus far, immigration authorities have refrained from entering sacred spaces to apprehend unauthorized immigrants. But, is it legal for religious communities to provide such sanctuary under the current law criminalizing the “harboring” of unauthorized immigrants? Can immigration authorities enter sacred spaces to apprehend unauthorized immigrants if they wish? This article addresses those questions.
Consequences of dam‐altered thermal regimes for a riverine herbivore's digestive efficiency, growth and vulnerability to predation

Rivers around the world are undergoing shifts in thermal regime due to climate change and human appropriation of water resources. The local impacts of thermal regime change are challenging to predict because water temperature can influence aquatic organisms and communities at multiple levels simultaneously. For example, thermal change can influence the phenology of periphyton blooms, primary consumer physiology and behaviour, and interspecific interactions with predators. Using tadpoles of the threatened river‐breeding foothill yellow‐legged frog (Rana boylii, Ranidae), their algal foods and their invertebrate predators, we mimicked dam‐induced changes in temperature and observed the outcome of consumer–resource interactions. In stream enclosures, we reared tadpoles across a gradient of cold to warm conditions, quantified the ash content of diet, digestive efficiency and growth rate, and assessed their vulnerability to hemipteran and odonate predators. Tadpoles reared in a cool stream (15.5°C daily mean) digested epilithic periphyton poorly (6.6 ± 0.4% assimilation efficiency). In contrast, average assimilation efficiency of tadpoles reared at 19°C was 11.6 ± 0.1%. Access to nutritious diatoms (i.e. dinitrogen‐fixing Epithemia spp., Rhopalodiaceae) increased assimilation efficiency to 10.1 ± 0.1% and 13.8 ± 0.1% in the cool and warm treatments, respectively. Assimilation efficiency correlated positively with tadpole growth rate (R = 0.66, p < .001). The effect of temperature on mortality due to predation was mediated by low tadpole growth rates at cool temperatures and not by the temperature of predator exposure. Non‐lethal effects of predators on tadpole growth and tail injury, however, depended on both rearing temperature and exposure temperature. Contrary to the expectation that the cost of predator avoidance behaviours may be greater at warmer exposure temperatures because basal metabolic rates are higher, our results indicated that the energetic cost of foraging less was amplified at cool temperatures. Our results show that when thermal conditions impair digestion in a species’ early life stages, recruitment bottlenecks are likely to arise due to the combined negative effects of cool temperatures on assimilation efficiency and growth, and increased predation by invertebrates.
Incidence of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities in Patients Receiving Immune‐Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment

Background With the advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1), immune-related adverse events such as thyroid function test abnormalities (TFTAs) are common, with a reported incidence range of 2%-15% depending upon the ICI used. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of TFTAs retrospectively in patients who received ICI therapy. Methods A total of 285 patients were reviewed (178 male, 107 female; 16-94 years of age), of whom 218 had no baseline TFTAs, 61 had baseline TFTAs, and 6 had a history of thyroidectomy (excluded). At least one dose of ipilimumab and/or nivolumab or pembrolizumab was administered. Post-ICI therapy TFTAs were classified according to standard definitions of thyroid conditions when possible. Results A total of 35% (76/218) patients had new-onset TFTAs on ICI therapy. Of note, 70.5% (43/61) had baseline TFTAs that were exacerbated by ICI therapy. The median times to new-onset or exacerbated baseline TFTA were 46 and 33 days, respectively. Of note, 64.5% (20/31) of patients on both ipilimumab and nivolumab had new-onset TFTAs, compared with 31.3% (15/48) on ipilimumab, 31.5% (28/89) on nivolumab, and 26% (13/50) on pembrolizumab. Conclusion The incidence of TFTAs with ICI therapy was higher than previously reported. Patients with baseline TFTAs and/or who were receiving ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy had a higher incidence of TFTAs than patients receiving single-agent ICI therapy. We recommend more frequent evaluation of thyroid function in the first 8 weeks, especially in patients with baseline TFTAs. Implications for practice Increased use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment has highlighted the importance of monitoring for and treating immune-related adverse events. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of thyroid function test abnormalities retrospectively in patients with cancer on immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which is not known exactly. This study is unique in that it included patients with a variety of histologic subtypes of cancer and also followed the clinical course of patients with baseline thyroid function test abnormalities. This study can help make oncologists aware that the incidence of thyroid function test abnormalities is higher than anticipated. Early identification and timely treatment can help ameliorate symptoms for patients and improve their overall quality of life.
Cultural Heritage Politics in China: An Introduction

This introductory chapter explores how cultural heritage, in the guise of tourism, museums, ethnic identity, and historical spaces, has become key to the Chinese state’s developmental and global strategy. With an eye toward asserting cultural power globally, the UNESCO World Heritage Site inscription is highly sought. Nonetheless, contradictions and complications in designating, protecting, and sometimes destroying heritage abound, revealing frictions arising from deploying heritage as a revenue source when agreement about value is not universal. The chapter provides a backdrop to polyvocal accounts of defining, listing, preserving, and narrating heritage in China presented by contributors to this volume.
Learning from spatial overlap

This paper explores a new measure of similarity between point sets in arbitrary metric spaces. The measure is based on the spatial overlap of the shapes and densities of these point sets. It is applicable in any domain where point sets are a natural representation for data. Specifically, we show examples of its use in natural language processing, object recognition in images, and multidimensional point set classification. We provide a geometric interpretation of this measure and show that it is well-motivated, intuitive, parameter-free, and straightforward to use. We further demonstrate that it is computationally tractable and applicable to both supervised and unsupervised learning problems.
Regeneration of Solid-Supported Catalysts

This chapter presents the options available for regenerating solid-supported catalysts. The options are • dump and charge fresh catalyst; • dump and charge catalyst regenerated off-site; • regenerate catalyst in situ. An economic analysis of each option must be done in order to make a selection. This chapter also discusses coke regeneration.
Marijuana Edibles and 'Gummy Bears'

Contemporary American society has decided that, whatever may be the benefits and harms of liberalizing marijuana use by adults, we should continue to outlaw the sale of recreational-use marijuana to children and adolescents. Even the states that permit recreational marijuana use under state law draw the line between adults and minors. Unfortunately, some companies pay only lip service to that line. The ability to develop products that closely resemble cookies, brownies, candies, and other substances that are attractive to children and adolescents — albeit, for different reasons — poses the risk that minors — some accidentally, some intentionally — will consume marijuana edibles found around the home or elsewhere. Any use of marijuana by children and long-term use of marijuana by adolescents poses health risks avoidable through federal prohibition or regulation of edibles. To avoid the danger to their health and safety, the Justice Department and the FDA should take steps to prevent adulterated and mislabeled edibles from harming the public. Even if the Justice Department decides not to challenge the state medical or recreational use programs, the FDA should consider treating such edibles as adulterated foods under the FDCA — taking whatever steps are available to prevent the sale of any such products altogether — or to allow sales to go forward only under strictly regulated conditions. Doing so would help to reduce the danger that edibles pose to the health and safety of children and adolescents without materially interfering in state decisions on how to regulate the distribution of medical-use marijuana or the recreational use of that drug by adults.
Aquarius Final Release Product and Full Range Calibration of L-Band Radiometers

Aquarius final product V5.0 has been released. The dataset includes close to four years of global radiometric measurements at L-band. The mission's objective was to monitor sea surface salinity, but other applications of its data over land and the cryosphere have been developed. For this reason, it is important to have accurate calibration over the full range of antenna temperatures from natural targets. It is also needed in order to combine Aquarius measurements with other L-band sensors. Aquarius calibration is strongly focused on the ocean. We present a research product which is part of the final release and aims at producing an accurate calibration from the low end (celestial sky) to the high end (land and ice) of the brightness temperature scale. We calibrate the Aquarius radiometers using measurements over the Sky and oceans and assess the new calibration using measurements over land.
Deep Convolutional Segmentation of Remote Sensing Imagery: A Simple and Efficient Alternative to Stitching Output Labels

In this work we consider the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the semantic segmentation of remote sensing imagery (e.g., aerial color or hyperspectral imagery). In segmentation the goal is to provide a dense pixel-wise labeling of the input imagery. However, remote sensing imagery is usually stored in the form of very large images, called “tiles”, which are too large to be segmented directly using most CNNs and their associated hardware. During label inference (i.e., obtaining labels for a new large tile) smaller sub-images, called “patches”, are extracted uniformly over a tile and the resulting label maps are “stitched” (or concatenated) to create a tile-sized label map. This approach suffers from computational inefficiency and risks of discontinuities at the boundaries between the output of individual patches. In this work we propose a simple alternative approach in which the input size of the CNN is dramatically increased only during label inference. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach against a standard stitching approach using two popular segmentation CNN models on the INRIA building labeling dataset. The results suggest that the proposed approach substantially reduces label inference time, while also yielding modest overall label accuracy increases. This approach also contributed to our winning entry (overall performance) in the INRIA building labeling competition.
Levinas, bureaucracy, and the ethics of school leadership

Given present criticisms of contemporary education and leadership practices, this article investigates the ways in which the basic concepts of state freedom and bureaucracy stifle ethics and social...
LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis to identify meprin-β-associated changes in kidney tissue from mice with STZ-induced type 1 diabetes and diabetic kidney injury.

Meprin metalloproteases have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the meprin-β gene have been associated with DKD in Pima Indi...
Normal Colonic Motor Function and Relevant Structure

The high degree of interest in the function of the large intestine does not reflect a similar degree of knowledge. Until relatively recent times, many widely held views lacked a basis in facts established by observation or experimentation. But a serious science finally emerged, one that now defines some unique properties of this part of the gut.
Adaptive Droop Control Method for Suppressing Circulating Currents in DC Microgrids

DC microgrids are introduced to reduce the conversion stages needed for connection of DC sources to the DC loads. They employ the droop control algorithm for managing the power flow from sources to the loads. However, the droop control functionality is affected by circuit parameters, especially line resistances. As a consequence, load sharing as the primary objective of the droop controller lacks accuracy. Parallel-connected converters have mismatched output voltages, resulting in circulating currents. This paper proposes an adaptive droop control algorithm for suppressing circulating currents in a low voltage DC microgrid. Line resistances are estimated through mathematical calculations and droop parameters are adjusted accordingly. Moreover, a distributed secondary controller is proposed to improve the load sharing accuracy and eliminate the effect of line resistances. The secondary controller shifts the droop controller voltage setpoint according to the converter current. Both of the proposed methods result in an accurate load sharing; Each of the participating converters has the rated current and consequently circulating current is suppressed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) setup.
AI systems aim to sniff out coronavirus outbreaks.

The international alarm about the COVID-19 pandemic was sounded first not by a human, but by a computer program called HealthMap that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to scan social media, news reports, internet search queries, and other data for signs of disease outbreaks. Humans weren9t far behind. Within 1 hour, an epidemiologist in New York City had independently issued a more detailed alert. But the early alarm underscores the potential of AI, or machine learning, to keep watch for contagion. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, AI researchers are teaming with tech companies to build automated systems that will mine social media, news reports, and public health data for signs of outbreaks and assess the current state of an epidemic—so-called now-casting. Those efforts cannot replace traditional health measures such as testing for the virus, epidemiologists caution, but they might help policymakers better deploy their precious health care resources.
A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis and Energy Applications of Nano-structured Metal Nitrides

Nanosized metal nitrides due to their chemical characteristics which make them sustainable alternatives to noble metals in catalysis have drawn the attention of researchersworldwide. Transition metal nitrides are very similar in their method of synthesis, properties and applications. Their synthetic parameters are considered to be main factor for determining effectiveness of metal nitrides in photocatalysis, energy storage devices,remediation of environmental pollutants, gas sensors and biomedical applications. This review focusesonvery recent advancesfor synthetic approaches and electrocatalytic applications ofmetalnitrides. The synthetic approaches will provide an overview of cost of production, consumption of energy and timerequired for synthesis. Furthermore some of recent techniques such as electrochemical, sol-gel,solvothermal, sonochemical, solid-state reaction, chemical synthesis and many more techniques that offer new path for researchers are also discussed. Various applications in electrocatalysis, water splitting, lithium ion batteries,and super-capacitors etc are summarized. We are pretty confident that this review willprovidevery useful information for the upcoming community of researchers, interested insynthesizing nitrides for various applications.
Selling-to-Teach: A Didactical Look at the Natural Integration Between Teaching and Selling:

This article examines whether educators’ use of selling activities (selling-to-teach) based on the seminal sales process can improve perceived and actual learning. By viewing the teaching interacti...
Laboratory predictions for the night-side surface ice glow of Europa

Europa’s surface continuously experiences high fluxes of charged particles due to the presence of Jupiter’s strong magnetic field. These high-energy charged particles, including electrons, interact with the ice- and salt-rich surface, resulting in complex physical and chemical processes. Here, we report that Europa ice analogues emit characteristic spectral signatures in the visible region when exposed to high-energy electron radiation. The strongest emission (ice glow) we observed was centred at ~525 nm. We found that the presence of sodium chloride and carbonate strongly quenched, while epsomite enhanced, the radiation-induced ice glow. These emission characteristics could be used to determine the chemical composition of Europa’s surface during night-time low-altitude fly-bys of spacecraft such as the Europa Clipper. We estimate that the Europa Clipper Wide Angle Camera could record between 500 and 280,000 counts per second through different colour filters, depending on the chemical composition of Europa’s surface. Though we focus here on Europa, our study may be relevant to other bodies exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, such as Io and Ganymede. With its extreme radiation environment, rich surface geology and compositional diversity, the radiation-induced ice glow on Europa could enable more precise surface characterization and provide unique night-time views. Based on laboratory experiments and predictions, the Europa Clipper mission is expected to detect the surface ices on the night side of Jupiter’s moon Europa glowing in the dark, with an intensity that can be used to determine their composition.
Structured Telephone Support Intervention: Improved Heart Failure Outcomes.

: Presently, 6.5 million Americans are living with heart failure (HF). These patients are expected to follow a complex self-management regimen at home. Several demographic and psychosocial factors limit patients with HF in following the prescribed self-management recommendations at home. Poor self-care is associated with increased hospital readmissions. Under the Affordable Care Act, there are financial implications related to hospital readmissions for hospitals and programs such as the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) in Pinellas County, Florida. Previous studies and systematic reviews demonstrated improvement in self-management and quality of life (QoL) in patients with HF with structured telephone support (STS) and SMS text messaging. : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of STS and SMS on self-care, knowledge, medication adherence, and QoL of patients with HF. : A prospective quality improvement project using a pre-post design was implemented. Data were collected at baseline, 30 days, and 3 months from 51 patients with HF who were enrolled in PACE in Pinellas County, Florida. All participants received STS and SMS for 30 days. The feasibility and sustained benefit of using STS and SMS was assessed at a 3-month follow-up. : A paired t test was used to compare the mean difference in HF outcomes at the baseline and 30-day follow-up, which demonstrated improved HF self-care maintenance (t 49=0.66; P=.01), HF knowledge (t 49=0.71; P=.01), medication adherence (t 49=0.92; P=.01), and physical and mental health measured using Short-Form-12 (SF-12; t 49=0.81; P=.01). The results also demonstrated the sustained benefit with improved HF self-care maintenance, self-care management, self-care confidence, knowledge, medication adherence, and physical and mental health (SF-12) at 3 months with P<.05 for all outcomes. Living status and social support had a strong correlation with HF outcomes. Younger participants (aged less than 65 years) performed extremely well compared with older adults. : STS and SMS were feasible to use among PACE participants with sustained benefits at 3 months. Implementing STS and SMS may serve as viable options to improve HF outcomes. Improving outcomes with HF affects hospital systems and the agencies that monitor and provide care for outpatients and those in independent or assisted-living facilities. Investigating viable options and support for implementation will improve outcomes.