cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotional Experience in Patients With Schizophrenia Revisited: Meta-analysis of Laboratory Studies

Our understanding of the emotion deficits in schizophrenia is limited. Findings from studies employing trait emotion instruments suggest that patients have attenuated levels of positive emotion (ie, anhedonia) and increased levels of negative emotion. Conversely, patients and controls have not statistically differed in their subjective reactions to positive or negative valenced stimuli in most laboratory studies to date. Further obfuscating this issue is the fact that many of these laboratory studies are underpowered and a handful of emotion induction studies have found evidence of anhedonia. We conducted a meta-analysis of 26 published studies employing laboratory emotion induction procedures in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.Patients did notdiffer from controls whenstrictlyrating their subjective hedonic reactions to the stimuli. However, they reported experiencing relatively strong aversion to both positive and neutral stimuli (Hedges D .72 and .64, respectively). These findings were notthe result of demonstrable sample or methodological differences across studies. Patients’ ability to experience hedonic emotion is preserved, although they also show relatively strong, simultaneously occurring aversive emotion whenprocessing laboratory stimuli considered by others to be pleasant or neutral.
Suppression of Staebler-Wronski Effect Induced Electrical Crosstalk in a-Si:H-Based Image Sensors

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiodes have been considered for use in array-based image sensors. They promise to significantly reduce the size and cost of CMOS image sensors, while offering the promise of improved pixel sensitivity. However, Staebler-Wronski Effect (SWE) based electrical crosstalk degradation has been a major concern in their acceptance, due to degraded spatial contrast and color fidelity. Since the SWE is a fundamental mechanism of a Si:H, solutions to this issue must look to ways of mitigating the SWE on diode array performance rather than elimination of SWE. In order to study electrical crosstalk, a novel device structure that inhibits light from reaching portions of the a-Si:H/dielectric interface was designed and fabricated to directly measure interpixel leakage currents. Results from these structures indicate that edge leakage can be a significant contributing component to the measured signal. In addition, a CMOS-compatible structure to suppress electrical crosstalk was designed and fabricated. Results from these structures demonstrate suppression of crosstalk up to lateral electric fields of at least 2 × 104 V/cm. Such suppression is adequate for densely packed minimum-size pixel arrays. Aspects of the design and implementation of the structure will also be discussed.
Detection of low-rate attacks in computer networks

This paper develops two parametric methods to detect low-rate denial-of-service attacks and other similar near-periodic traffic, without the need for flow separation. The first method, the periodic attack detector, is based on a previous approach that exploits the near-periodic nature of attack traffic in aggregate traffic by modeling the peak frequency in the traffic spectrum. The new method adopts simple statistical models for attack and background traffic in the time-domain. Both approaches use sequential probability ratio tests (SPRTs), allowing control over false alarm rate while examining the trade-off between detection time and attack strength. We evaluate these methods with real and synthetic traces, observing that the new Poisson- based scheme uniformly detects attacks more rapidly, often in less than 200 ms, and with lower complexity than the periodic attack detector. Current entropy-based detection methods provide an equivalent time to detection but require flow-separation since they utilize source/destination IP addresses. We evaluate sensitivity to attack strength (compared to the rate of background traffic) with synthetic traces, finding that the new approach can detect attacks that represent only 10% of the total traffic bitrate in fractions of a second.
Differentiating the mood and anxiety disorders: a quadripartite model.

Recent work has focused on explicating the relations among the current mood and anxiety disorders. This research has yielded some important findings (e.g., the very strong link between generalized anxiety disorder and the unipolar mood disorders). I discuss problems associated with disorder-based analyses, however, and I argue that they need to be supplemented by examining relations among the specific symptom dimensions within these diagnostic classes. I demonstrate that two quantitative elements need to be considered when analyzing the properties of symptoms—the level of specificity and the magnitude of the general distress variance. These quantitative elements can be used to organize relevant symptoms into four groups (i.e., a quadripartite model) that reflect varying combinations of distress and specificity. I illustrate the value of this approach by reviewing the properties of the major symptom dimensions within posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depression.
ABUNDANCE AND HABITAT PREFERENCES OF GRAY VIREOS (VIREO VICINIOR) ON THE COLORADO PLATEAU

Abstract The Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior; hereafter “vireo”) is a little-studied songbird with small breeding and wintering ranges. Because of uncertainty about vireo populations, conservationists are concerned about the future of this species. The goal of the present study was to provide new data on the ecology of the vireo to help determine its conservation status. During May and June 2001, I studied breeding habitat selection by vireos on the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona and southern Utah. I surveyed for vireos and collected vegetation data on 31 transects in pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus spp.) woodlands throughout this region. Estimated density of vireos was 0.064 ± 0.011 (mean ± SE) birds ha−1. Analysis at two scales showed that the vireo’s primary habitat preference was for areas where junipers predominate over pinyon pine. Vireos also preferred areas with some shrub cover, and they increased with the prevalence of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) among shrubs. Additionally, vireos w...
Comparison of Urinary Tract Infection Rates Among 2- to 12-Month-Old Febrile Infants With RSV Infections Using 1999 and 2011 AAP Diagnostic Criteria

Background. Infants with RSV infections have been found to have a clinically significant rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published a revised Clinical Practice Guideline on UTIs in 2011, which includes major changes in diagnostic criteria for UTIs. Past research has been done using previous diagnostic criteria. The objective of the study is to assess the rate of UTIs in febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections according to the 2011 revised AAP Diagnostic Criteria and compare the rate of UTIs against the 1999 AAP Diagnostic Criteria. Methods. A retrospective comparative study of febrile infants (2-12 months) with RSV infections admitted to the Inpatient Pediatric unit of Lincoln Medical and Mental Center, Bronx, NY, from September through April 2006 to 2012. We applied the AAP’s 1999 and 2011 diagnostic criteria for UTIs separately to assess the rates of UTIs. Results. A total of 359 RSV-positive febrile patients who were investigate...
An experimental study of memory fault latency

The difficulty with the measurement of fault latency is due to the lack of observability of the fault occurrence and error generation instants in a production environment. The authors describe an experiment, using data from a VAX 11/780 under real workload, to study fault latency in the memory subsystem accurately. Fault latency distributions are generated for stuck-at-zero (s-a-0) and stuck-at-one (s-a-1) permanent fault models. The results show that the mean fault latency of an s-a-0 fault is nearly five times that of the s-a-1 fault. An analysis of variance is performed to quantify the relative influence of different workload measures on the evaluated latency. >
Use of an Internet Portal to Improve Community-Based Pediatric ADHD Care: A Cluster Randomized Trial

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a quality improvement program to improve pediatricians9 adherence to existing, evidence-based, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) practice guidelines. METHODS: Forty-nine community-based pediatricians at 8 practices participated in a cluster-randomized trial. Practices were matched according to the numbers of pediatricians and the proportions of patients receiving Medicaid. The medical charts for a random sample of patients with ADHD for each of the participating pediatricians were examined at baseline and 6 months. All practices participated in 4 sessions of training, including didactic lectures and office flow modification workshops. Practices were then given access to an ADHD Internet portal that allowed parents, teachers, and pediatricians to input information (eg, rating scales) about patients, after which information was scored, interpreted, and formatted in a report style that was helpful for assessment and treatment of patients with ADHD. Physicians evaluated their practice behaviors quarterly and addressed underperforming areas. RESULTS: Pediatricians in the intervention group, compared with those in the control group, demonstrated significantly higher rates of many American Academy of Pediatrics–recommended ADHD care practices, including collection of parent (Cohen9s d = 0.69) and teacher ( d = 0.68) rating scales for assessment of children with ADHD, use of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition , criteria ( d = 0.85), and use of teacher rating scales to monitor treatment responses ( d = 1.01). CONCLUSION: A quality improvement intervention that can be widely disseminated by using Internet-based information technology significantly improved the quality of ADHD care in community-based pediatric settings.
GPU Rendering of Relief Mapped Conical Frusta

This paper proposes to use relief-mapped conical frusta (cones cut by planes) to skin skeletal objects. Based on this representation, current programmable graphics hardware can perform the rendering with only minimal communication between the CPU and GPU. A consistent definition of conical frusta including texture parametrization and a continuous surface normal is provided. Rendering is performed by analytical ray casting of the relief-mapped frusta directly on the GPU. We demonstrate both static and animated objects rendered using our technique and compare to polygonal renderings of similar quality.
Behavioral experiments in networked trade

We report on an extensive series of highly controlled human subject experiments in networked trade. Our point of departure is a simple and well-studied bipartite network exchange model, for which previous work has established a detailed equilibrium theory relating wealth to network topology. A notable feature of this theory is its prediction that there may be significant local variation in equilibrium wealths and prices purely as a result of structural asymmetries in the network.Our experiments mix recent lines of thought from algorithmic game theory, behavioral economics and social network theory, and are among the first and largest behavioral economics experiments on network effects conducted to date. They continue a line of human subject experiments on networked games and optimization allowing only local interactions.
Computer Simulation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Removal in the Presence of a Bioreactor Containing Phospholipase A2

High concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood can lead to coronary heart disease, the primary cause of death in the Western hemisphere. A new treatment to reduce LDL levels is now being tested on rabbits, which are model animals for hypercholesteremia. The treatment involves using an immobilized enzyme within a bioreactor that is incorporated in an extracorporeal circuit. The enzyme modifies LDL to a form that is much more rapidly removed from the circulation. A mathematical model to describe LDL metabolism in the presence of the bioreactor was developed to give a better understanding of the biodistribution of modified LDL during and following treatment. A four-compartment model was developed on the basis of previous studies on human lipid metabolism, with the specific values of the constants taken from the experimental data on rabbits. A Macintosh II computer with a Stella II modeling program was used to simulate the treatment and to predict LDL levels over time given different values for initial enzyme activity, length of treatment, rate of enzyme denaturation, and other relevant parameters. The model provided a close fit with the experimental results for the change in total cholesterol. It confirmed the observed delay in the plasma cholesterol rebound level after the end of the extracorporeal treatment. One conclusion derived from both the experimental data and the model is that during the first 1.5 h, the limiting step for LDL removal is the rate at which modified LDL is taken up by the liver. However, bioreactor cessation becomes the limiting step in maintaining low LDL levels for an extended term. The study suggests that continuous modification of LDL, possibly using an implantable device, is required to maintain low levels of plasma LDL.
Woven fabric design and analysis in 3D virtual reality. Part 2: predicting fabric properties with the model

In Part 2 of this study, some physical and geometrical properties of several fabrics were determined from the yarn input parameters using the 3D virtual model that was developed in Part 1, including the important properties of forming fabrics used in paper making. The calculated properties were compared with the experimental values, which had a good correlation. This proved the validity of the woven fabric design and analysis system that was developed.
A Comparative Analysis between the Structures and Systems of Bank Regulation Operating in Selected Jurisdictions (Africa, Asia and Latin America)

This comparative analysis involving selected jurisdictions in Africa, Asia and Latin America, discusses the differences between the structure and systems of bank regulation operating in these jurisdictions. Furthermore, it identifies and evaluates some factors attributable to international differences in auditing – such factors including legal factors and cultural differences. Through a consideration of the structures and systems of regulation which operate in the countries which constitute the focus of this analysis, ways whereby the external auditor’s role and expertise could effectively be maximized, will be addressed.
Changes in gas storage and transport properties of coal as a result of enhanced microbial methane generation

Abstract This study was aimed at identifying the changes in coal storage and transport properties affecting gas production from coal-gas reservoirs, when treated with microbial consortia to generate/enhance production of methane. The work expanded on the technology of bio-conversion, first proposed in order to imitate the natural/microbial process of biogenic gasification leading to recharging coalbed methane reservoirs or, setting up natural gas reservoirs in non-producing coalbeds or, to coal waste, typically in the form of fines/ultra-fines. The pressure parameter was considered critical since, with continued production of methane, the produced gas would first diffuse into the coal matrix and get adsorbed with increasing pressure. During production, the pressure would decrease and the process would be reversed, gas diffusing out of the coal matrix and arriving at the cleat system. The experimental work tested the variation in the sorption and diffusion properties of treated coal, post continued bio-conversion since these are the first two physical phenomena in CBM production. During the first phase, single component sorption–diffusion experiments were carried out using methane and CO2 on virgin coals retrieved from the Illinois basin. Coals were then treated with nutrient amended microbial consortia for different periods. Gas production was monitored over thirty and sixty day periods of treatment after which, sorption–diffusion experiments were repeated on treated coals, thus establishing a trend over the sixty-day period. The sorption data was characterized using the Langmuir model. The variation trend in the value of diffusion coefficient, D, was also established as a function of pore pressure. The results indicated an increase in the sorption capacity of coal as a result of continued bioconversion. This was attributed to increased pore surface area due to microbial actions resulting in changes in the pore size or, creation of new pores. It was further shown that the rate of diffusion increased, especially for methane, which exhibited rates higher than that for CO2. These findings clearly support improved gas storage capacity with continued bio-conversion as well as significantly enhanced diffusion rates. As a continuation of this effort, change in permeability, the second gas transport phenomenon in coal-gas production, is currently being evaluated.
Experimental Study of the Three-Dimensional Wake of a Trapezoidal Pitching Panel

Aquatic animals can maneuver and propel themselves through a variety of means, including the oscillation and undulation of flukes and fins. The motions of these can species develop thrust-producing, highly three-dimensional wakes. Experiments have shown that bio-inspired propulsors can operate with large propulsive efficiencies, with some efficiencies being greater than those of a screw-propeller propulsion system. In the current work, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) was used to characterize the wake produced by a rigid, bio-inspired trapezoidal pitching panel. Detailed analysis in terms of Strouhal number is the focus of the current work, and the Strouhal number range tested was from 0.17 to 0.56. The results show that a highly three-dimensional wake structure develops, which is composed of interconnected streamwise and spanwise vortex tubes. The streamwise vortex tubes induce spanwise flow toward the midspan that drives a spanwise compression of the wake. An increase in Strouhal number results in the movement of the location of wake breakdown upstream and more exaggerated spanwise compression of the wake.
Hydrostatic reduction of intussusception.

I would like to clarify certain points on the advisability of attempting hydrostatic reduction of intussusception, a topic recently discussed in the excellent article by Franken et al.
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN TISSUE CULTURE AND IN OVO.

SummaryReproducible antiviral activity in tissue culture and in ovo has been demonstrated with well-tolerated concentrations of amantadine HCl. All strains tested of the A, A1 and A2 groups of influenza were susceptible although antiviral activity was not limited to these since influenza C, parainfluenza 1/Sendai and pseudorabies were also inhibited. Greatest activity occurs with compound present at time of infection, although a reduction in the size of plaques produced by a sensitive virus was demonstrable with delayed treatment.
Lead isotopic composition of trinitite melt glass: evidence for the presence of Canadian industrial lead in the first atomic weapon test

The Pb isotopic compositions for 51 spots of melt glass in 11 samples of trinitite have been determined by laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS). Trinitite glass yields a large range of Pb isotopic compositions (i.e., (206)Pb/(204)Pb = 17.08-19.04), which reflect mixing between industrial Pb from materials used in the Trinity test and natural geologic components. Areas within trinitite melt glass containing high concentrations of both Cu and Pb, which are derived from the bomb and blast site-related components, were used for delineating the Pb isotopic composition corresponding to the anthropogenic Pb component. Comparison between the isotopic composition estimated here for the industrial Pb used in the Trinity test and those from known Pb deposits worldwide indicates close agreement with ore from the Buchans mine (Newfoundland, Canada). The Buchans mine was active during the time of the Trinity test and was operated by the American Smelting and Refining Company, which could have provided the Pb used in the test. The industrial Pb used in the Trinity test materials is not documented in the literature (or declassified) but could have been present in bricks, solder, pigs, or some other anthropogenic component related to the experiment.
Experimental determination of early age fracture toughness and fracture process zone size in cement pastes

The micro-scratch test and its analysis continue to grow in the fields of material science and engineering, particularly as it relates to materials at smaller scales being used for fracture resistance. In this study, white cement paste specimens were cast, extracted and their hydration was stopped at desired curing ages. A Rockwell probe was used to scratch the surface of the specimens to determine the fracture toughness at that age. Classical Brazilian split-cylinder tests were also performed to compliment the scratch tests. The excellent convergence of the raw data allows the increase of fracture toughness and splitting strength over time to be determined. Finally, Irwin's characteristic length, which is proportional to the fracture process zone size, is determined and shown to asymptotically reach a constant size.
The implementation of electronic hematology consults at a VA hospital.

To the editor: The widespread implementation of electronic medical records (EMR) allow providers ready access to large amounts of patient information, and for some specialties much of the data needed to provide recommendations can be gathered electronically.[1][1] Electronic consultation (e-consult
The Overview of Agricultural Biotechnology Development and Biosafety Management in Taiwan

The article reviewed the policy environment for promoting the development of Taiwan's agricultural biotechnology and elaborated the successful results achieved in agricultural biotechnology development and the overview of industrial development in Taiwan.The management structure and management policies of the biosafety about genetically modified in Taiwan were analyzed as well.Finally,the paper summarized the priorities and trends of the future development of agricultural biotechnology in Taiwan.
The beta-adrenergic signaling pathway in the heart.

Postsynaptic defects in this important pathway for regulating heart rate and contractile force may contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of congestive cardiac failure. Such defects may involve the β-adrenergic receptor, its associated G protein, or adenylate cyclase. Current knowledge about these components of transmembrane cardiac signaling is reviewed.
Role of leukocytes in reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle after partial ischemia

These experiments evaluated the leukocyte as a potential source of oxygen free radical (OFR) generation during reperfusion injury in post-ischemic skeletal muscle. The infrarenal aorta of heparinized Sprague-Dawley rats was clamped for 90 min, declamped, and reperfused for 60 min. Hindlimb muscle resting transmembrane potential difference (Em) and high-energy phosphate content were determined at base line, during ischemia, and on reperfusion. Four groups were studied: a control group, a second group receiving superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD + CAT) on declamping, a third group receiving dimethylmyleran (DMM) 7 days before the experiment to obtain a selective leukopenia (white blood cells = 1,210 +/- 144/mm3, neutrophils = 1.2%), and a fourth group pretreated with allopurinol (ALLO). During the ischemic period, resting Em was significantly depolarized (-78.6 +/- 0.5 mV from -90.3 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.05) in the control group, whereas creatine phosphate (CP) was depleted and ATP maintained. Data collected during the ischemic phase of the three other groups were similar to the control group (P = NS). On reperfusion, persistent depolarization of resting Em was observed despite restoration of muscle CP content in the control and ALLO groups (-75.4 and -77.0 mV, respectively). In contrast, significant repolarization of resting Em was noted after reperfusion in the SOD + CAT and DMM groups (-86.5 and -88.6 mV, respectively). These data implicate leukocyte-generated OFR as mediators of reperfusion-associated cellular membrane injury in postischemic skeletal muscle.
Comments on Frey's "Data analysis reveals significant microwave-induced eye damage in humans".

AbstractFrey’s critique and analysis of the Appleton-McCrossan and Appleton et al studies were examined. Frey is criticized for: (1) ignoring pooling problems in his chi-square test; (2) not analyzing the opacity data in Appleton et al; (3) not analyzing the data on vacuoles and posterior subcapsular iridescence in Appleton and McCrossan and Appleton et al; and (4) failing to do log-linear analysis which is appropriate for the design in the two studies. Application of log-linear tests to the opacity data in both studies leads to the conclusion that subject age was significantly associated with the occurrence of opacities, but, contrary to Frey’s conclusion, microwave radiation was not.
Quantum Mind and Social Science: An emergent, holistic but flat ontology

The heyday of emergentist thinking was in the 1920s, when it was seen as a middle position in the reductionist–vitalist debate. However, as a result of ambiguities in its original formulation and the rise on the larger philosophical scene of logical positivism, with its strong reductionist impulse, emergentism fell rapidly out of favor. However, since the 1970s it has undergone a revival, due on the one hand to the failure of reductionism to solve the problems of life and mind, and on the other to the invention of dynamical systems and complexity theories, which seem to cry out for an emergentist interpretation. Emergentism is by no means now orthodoxy, especially in the practice of science, where reductionism is still the default method, but in philosophy it is again taken quite seriously. The situation for emergentism is if anything even better in the social sciences, where the issue (if not the term itself) was first taken up in the debate about methodological individualism in the 1950s. Although that debate was inconclusive, the importation of positivist philosophy of science in the 1960s and then the spread of rational choice theory from economics to the other social sciences gave the momentum to reductionism. Yet, in sociology macro-level theorizing never lost its premier position, and critical realists there like Roy Bhaskar and Margaret Archer were among the first to develop explicitly emergentist social theories; in economics it has become apparent that macro-theory cannot be reduced to micro; and in political science the rise of rational choice theory has been balanced by historical institutionalism, constructivism, and other non-reductionist social theories. So in the social sciences emergentism has always been a live option. Emergentism and reductionism share at least one key assumption: a materialist ontology. This is not surprising for reductionism, which is all about showing how, not just macroscopic physical objects, but seemingly non-material phenomena such as life, consciousness, and social structures are all ultimately made of the material stuff ostensibly described by physics.
Preparation of Cytology Samples: Tricks of the Trade.

Cytology has many advantages; it is relatively quick, minimally invasive, and provides clinically useful results. Additionally, this technique requires minimal investment in equipment. To obtain ideal results, it does require some investment of time to acquire the skills to collect and evaluate the sample. Beyond reading and learning about how to perform these techniques, the next step is to practice and experiment with those techniques until the skills can be reliably used in the clinical setting.
Soy-substituted liquid phenol formaldehyde binders for flakeboard.

The degree to which liquid phenol formaldehyde resin for flakeboard applications can be replaced by soy flour was studied through a design of experiment approach. Up to ten percent substitution could be achieved while substantially maintaining board properties. Higher levels of substitution increased the viscosity of the resin droplet, which reduced resin spread and various strength properties. The loss of strength was most apparent for dense boards where the spreading limitation reduced the relative bonded area.
A Criticism of Two Recent Attempts to Scale Glock and Stark's Dimensions of Religiosity: A Research Note

By now most students of the sociology of religion are familiar with the contributions of Charles Glock and Rodney Stark to the literature on religiosity. Briefly, Glock (1962) indicated the need for a multidimensional approach to religiosity and proposed five dimensions designed to be comprehensive and broadly applicable. According to this scheme, individuals can be characterized in terms of religious (1) beliefs, (2) practices, (3) experiences, (4) knowledge, and (5) consequences, that is, the effects of the prior four in persons' day-to-day lives. These dimensions have been elaborated (sub-dimensions) and used to assess and compare the religiosity of samples of members of various U. S. denominations and sects (Glock and Stark, 1965; Stark and Glock, 1968).
Intracranial Fibromuscular Dysplasia in a Middle-Aged Woman with Recurrent Ischemic Stroke (P4.388)

Objective: To bring awareness to a rare cause of stroke affecting primarily middle-aged women. Background: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare, non-atheromatous, non-inflammatory disease of unknown etiology affecting primarily the renal, extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries. FMD has rarely been reported in the intracranial arteries and here we report a case of recurrent ischemic stroke in a middle-aged woman with intracranial FMD. Methods: 55-year-old woman was followed for episodes of expressive aphasia and right hemiparesis secondary to recurrent ischemic stroke. Initially, the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was involved; however, over the ensuing years the disease process progressed to involve the entire Circle of Willis despite secondary prevention with aspirin, clopidogrel and risk factor management. Results: Workup showed elevated C-reactive protein and low thyroid stimulating hormone in the setting of multinodular goiter. Infectious, autoimmune and embolic etiologies were excluded. Digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) revealed “string of beads” appearance in the mid segment of bilateral cervical internal carotid arteries and concentric, segmental narrowing in distal portions of the left MCA and its branches. Eventually, the bilateral MCAs, anterior cerebral arteries, and posterior cerebral arteries showed concentric, segmental narrowing. Autopsy of the brain showed focal, concentric arterial wall thickening throughout the entire Circle of Willis suggestive of intracranial FMD. Conclusions: FMD is a rare disease and has very rarely been described in the intracranial arteries. This case illustrates the natural history and progression of FMD in this patient and elucidates the limited treatment options for preventing disease progression and secondary complications. FMD most predominantly affects younger to middle-aged females and if the disease process goes unrecognized it can have devastating consequences. It is important to continue research endeavors into the genetic and biologic determinants of FMD in order to develop better prevention and therapeutic strategies for this condition. Disclosure: Dr. Beaton has nothing to disclose. Dr. Malik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maque-Acosta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koch has nothing to disclose.
Prolactin and growth hormone immunoactivity in canine mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas.

Contents It is now widely accepted in human medicine that prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) function in the mammary gland in an autocrine and paracrine manner in tumour formation. The aim of this study was to compare PRL and GH immunoactivity in canine mammary tumours submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Formalin-fixed specimens from spontaneously occurring mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas from 24 female client-owned dogs were used. Information pertaining to the reproductive status of the patient at the time of mammary tumour diagnosis was obtained from each of the submitting veterinarians. Tissues were paraffin-embedded and sectioned (5 μm) onto charged slides. All slides were deparaffinized and rehydrated. Endogenous peroxidase activity was inactivated with 3% H2O2, and non-specific binding was blocked. Polyclonal rabbit antihuman PRL (DAKO A0569) and GH antibody (DAKO A0570) were applied at a 1:250 and 1:200 dilutions, respectively. A universal rabbit negative control (DAKO N1699) was used. Slides were then reacted with anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase followed by Nova Red Peroxidase substrate. Slides were counter-stained with haematoxylin, dehydrated and mounted. Tumour type and reproductive status at time of tumour diagnosis were compared individually between tumours that were negative or positive for PRL and GH using a two-tailed analysis of variance. Significance was defined as p < .05. There was no significant relationship between tumour type and PRL and GH presence. In addition, reproductive status at the time of tumour removal was found to be not significant. These results vary from previous reports in canine mammary tumours and warrant further investigation.
Book Review: Tastes of the Divine: Hindu and Christian Theologies of Emotion:

Tastes of the Divine: Hindu and Christian Theologies of Emotion. By Michelle Voss Roberts. Comparative Theology: Thinking Across Traditions. New York: Fordham University Press, 2014. 256 pp. $28.00 (paper).Americas religious culture is changing. Fewer people accept inherited religious truth uncritically, as the creed of their family or nation. Instead, they judge religion's effectiveness within their own lives. They explore various beliefs and practices and tinker with the possibilities that spirituality offers. The criterion of evaluation is helpfulness-they want to know what works, what makes their lives more meaningful, what gives them more peace, what opens them to more joy, what creates deeper community. If it works, they keep it. If it doesn't, they discard it. In the end, how thoughts and actions make them feel determines the status of that thought or action. And this process need not be criticized as selfish or shallow. Most of these seekers, being Americans, have tried egoism and found it wanting. They are searching for God, and they want to feel the God that cannot be thought.Yet the West has never been particularly good at mapping the interior spaces of the spirit. Suspicious of any claim to divinity, we have based our thought about God on scripture, reason, and tradition more than experience. But now, experience-social, historical, interior-is rising in theological importance (pp. 3-5). And as we emerge into this new method of talking about God, Hinduism may help us to mark our way, for Hindus have long looked inward when the West looked outward.Michelle Voss Roberts plumbs the depth of this assistance in her latest book. Tastes of the Divine: Hindu and Christian Theologies of Emotion. Within this work Roberts utilizes sophisticated, systematic Hindu reflection on rasa-taste, flavor, essence. This term can apply to food, but also to the moods of life or, in an elevated sense, the emotions (pp. 5-10). Roberts selects three of these rasas in particular-peace, love, and fury-and weaves them into Christian thought.Peace and love have a salient place in Christian tradition, and it makes sense to explore Hindu writing about them in a search for new ideas. But fury seems a bit of a misfit. Roberts explains that whenever aesthetic sensibilities are used in theological method, the risk of spiritual hedonism arises. Religious pleasure may numb us to social injustice. In order to protect ourselves from this complacent egoism, we must also value the rasa of fury- righteous fury at injustice, prophetic fury against corruption, and furious struggle against oppression. As long as there is an oppressed neighbor, fury against the oppressor is our divine summons (pp. …
Lumbar Spine Procedures for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient

Lower back pain is one of the most common reasons for office visits in the United States today and can substantially limit a patient’s quality of life. Though a majority present with nonspecific back pain, there are numerous etiologies of lumbar pain. While a majority of these patients may benefit from conservative therapy alone, some may need surgical intervention. Although surgery may be required for a minority of patients, it may be an elective option for those who fail conservative therapy and have persistent disabling symptoms of low back pain with significantly impaired quality of life. However, surgical intervention is not without challenges and potential complications, and varying short- and long-term outcomes. Successful management of patients presenting with lumbar pain requires a thorough understanding of the spectrum of available interventions.
Topical Toxicity of Imidacloprid, Fipronil, and Seven Conventional Insecticides to the Adult Convergent Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The relative toxicities (comparing LD50 and LT50s) of two synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin and fenvalerate), two organophosphorus insecticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon), three carbamates (propoxur, carbaryl, bendiocarb), a phenylpyrazole representative (fipronil), and a heterocyclic nitromethylene representative (imidacloprid or NTN 33893) were assessed with topical bioassays in the laboratory against the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin Meneville. LD50 values decreased (i.e., toxicity increased) with an increased time after application of a specific insecticide. The differences between the LD50 values caused by various insecticides were significant. Among tested insecticides, cypermethrin and bendiocarb were the most toxic; fipronil was the least toxic. H. convergens responded differently to different insecticides within the same class. Beetles exhibited similar responses to both organophosphorothionates chlorpyrifos and diazinon 24 to 72 h after application. Of the carbamates, prop...
Semi-supervised Segmentation of Optic Cup in Retinal Fundus Images Using Variational Autoencoder

Accurate segmentation of optic cup and disc in retinal fundus images is essential to compute the cup to disc ratio parameter, which is important for glaucoma assessment. The ill-defined boundaries of optic cup makes the segmentation a lot more challenging compared to optic disc. Existing approaches have mainly used fully supervised learning that requires many labeled samples to build a robust segmentation framework. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised method to segment the optic cup, which can accurately localize the anatomy using limited number of labeled samples. The proposed method leverages the inherent feature similarity from a large number of unlabeled images to train the segmentation model from a smaller number of labeled images. It first learns the parameters of a generative model from unlabeled images using variational autoencoder. The trained generative model provides the feature embedding of the images which allows the clustering of the related observation in the latent feature space. We combine the feature embedding with the segmentation autoencoder which is trained on the labeled images for pixel-wise segmentation of the cup region. The main novelty of the proposed approach is in the utilization of generative models for semi-supervised segmentation. Experimental results show that the proposed method successfully segments optic cup with small number of labeled images, and unsupervised feature embedding learned from unlabeled data improves the segmentation accuracy. Given the challenge of access to annotated medical images in every clinical application, the proposed framework is a key contribution and applicable for segmentation of different anatomies across various medical imaging modalities.
MAP65-1 is required for the depolymerization and reorganization of cortical microtubules in the response to salt stress in Arabidopsis

Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamical structures that play crucial roles in plant development and in response to environmental signals and stress conditions. MT-associated proteins (MAPs) play important roles in regulating the organization of MT arrays. MAP65 is a family of plant MT-bundling proteins. Here, we determined the role of MAP65-1 in the response to salt stress. MAP65-1 is involved not only in regulating the depolymerization, but also in the following reorganization of cortical MTs in salt stress responses. In addition, the depolymerization of the cortical MTs affected the survival of seedlings during salt stress, and map65-1 mutants had enhanced salt hypersensitivity levels. MAP65-1 interacted with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) 3 and 6; however, only the mpk6 mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to salt stress, and MPK6 was involved in regulating the salt stress-induced depolymerization of cortical MTs. Thus, MAP65-1 plays a critical role in the response to salt stress and is required for regulating the rapid depolymerization and reorganization of cortical MTs. MAP65-1 interacts with MPK6, not MPK3, affecting the MT's dynamic instability which is critical for plant salt-stress tolerance.
High Rates of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia in High-Risk Young Women With Low-Grade Cervical Cytology.

Objective The aim of the study was to determine rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or greater in high-risk, racially diverse, young women with low-grade cytology. Materials and methods After institutional review board approval, a cross-sectional study of 21- to 24-year-old women with low-grade cytology (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, high-risk human papillomavirus+, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, or human papillomavirus+ only) managed with colposcopy at our university-based clinic between May 2011 and April 2013 were identified. Demographics and pathologic data were collected including age, race, parity, smoking status, screening history, and histology. Student t test and χ tests were used to compare women with and without CIN 2 or 3. Univariate analysis was performed with demographic data. Results One thousand fifty-eight women with a mean (SD) age of 22.5 (1.1) were included. Most patients (59.5%) were parous, 36.1% were smokers, and most (52.9%) were black. These patients were considered high risk because of their lower socioeconomic status, minority status, lack of insurance, or having Medicaid and therefore had limited access to preventative health care. Based on colposcopy, the prevalence of CIN 2+ was 19.1%: 13.9% (95% CI = 11.9-16.1) CIN 2 and 5.1% (95% CI = 3.9-6.6) CIN 3. There was an overall prevalence of 4.7% (95% CI = 3.7%-6.3%) of CIN 3 from excisional pathology from the 157 of 185 patients who returned for a recommended excisional procedure. Smoking (odds ratio = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.2-2.25) and a history of high-grade cytology (odds ratio = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.02-4.01) were associated with CIN 2/3. Conclusions High prevalence of CIN 2/3 in young women with low-grade cervical cytology in this population suggests that it may be prudent to consider alternative surveillance such as colposcopy in similar high-risk populations.
Explaining food texture through rheology

Building food rheology–sensory relationships allows food scientists to predict textural attributes from instrumental measurements. However, these relationships can be difficult to determine due to the complex composition, structure of the food, as well as the difficulties in accounting for the changes to the food during oral processing. Novel rheological and sensorial analyses are working toward a better understanding of food structural breakdown, bolus development, and the associated properties and attributes of the food as it undergoes these changes. These analyses are uncovering some of the key unknown information about food behaviors during oral processing, allowing progression toward a universal set of rheological–sensory relationships.
Exploring Linguistic Diversity From the Inside Out: Implications of Self-Reflexive Inquiry for Teacher Education:

With a burgeoning U.S. population of emergent bilingual learners and others who use nondominant language forms, the need for language knowledge among teachers is acute. Beginning from the inside ou...
Dynamic And Structural Modeling of a Floating Wind Turbine

We numerically investigate the dynamic and structural responses of a 65-KW floating wind turbine by developing a fluidstructure interaction model that includes a boundary element model (BEM) for the wave-body interaction, a cable dynamics model for the mooring system, and a finite element model (FEM) for the structural response. The BEM and the cable dynamics model are applied to calculate the frequency-dependent added mass, damping, and restoring coefficients that are used in the dynamic equations to predict the motion of the system, based on which the structural deformation is determined through the FEM.
Explanation and Relevance: Comments on James G. Greeno's 'Theoretical Entities in Statistical Explanation'

Since Professor Greeno’s paper is, to my mind, both philosophically interesting and somewhat technical, it seems to me that the most useful function I can serve as a commentator is to try to provide some of the background necessary to understand the paper, and to attempt to put his discussion in some philosophical perspective. My main aim will be to relate his discussion to the issues that have been at the forefront of the philosophical discussion of scientific explanation in recent years.
Airway Obstruction in Children

The radiologist plays a key role in the diagnosis of airway obstruction in children. In some instances, foetal imaging has significantly contributed to our understanding of congenital lesions, their natural history, and the effects of airway obstruction. In infants and young children, diagnosis, and obstruction site and severity are frequently determined by chest radiographs or airway images. Advanced imaging techniques with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) play a role in children with chronic upper airway compromise or who are suspected of having extrinsic airway compression by a mass or vascular arch anomaly. Technical advances with faster scanners with gating utilising CT and MR with sophisticated postprocessing graphic workstations has made it much easier for both the radiologists and clinical services to understand the anatomy.
Engaging Older Adults with Depression as Co-Designers of Assistive In-Home Robots

We used participatory design methodology to engage independently living older adults with depression and co-occurring physical illness in the design of assistive robots for their homes. Our aim was to work toward a design that can extend the amount of time they can live independently and increase their quality of life. Clinicians were also invited to contribute their ideas, as they are important advocates for using assistive technology in a clinical capacity. In this paper, we outline our strategies for engaging older adults as co-designers, noting what succeeded and what failed in our participatory design approach. We also discuss the viability of replication studies in participatory design and the need to engage other stakeholders besides older adults, such as clinicians, to provide practical robot applications.