cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Looking Backward from the General Theory: On the Historical Origins of Keynes’s Financial Market Views

This part of the book will attempt to set the context for Keynes’s understanding of financial markets. The object is to identify the background and setting of what is distinctive about Keynes’s views on financial markets in the General Theory. It will be assumed that the reader is familiar with the broad outlines of Keynes’s basic theme, whereby investment drives output under the influence of financial market behavior.1 Two specific issues that emerge from his treatment in the General Theory will be followed backward into the literature and history of Keynes’s place and time. First, where did Keynes get his deep institutional understanding of asset market activity, of the purchase and sale of securities and financial instruments of all kinds? To the extent that this “insiders” view of the financial markets permeates his “Liquidity Preference” analysis and his views on stock markets in the General Theory, this is a pertinent question. In this regard his views on speculation and its relationship to the motives of investors is the crucial theme. Second, from whence came Keynes’s theoretical treatment of asset market activity presented in the General Theory — particularly, the most developed expression of it found in Chapter 17? In this regard we need to delve into the influences on his views of what constituted the subject of Chapter 17, “The Essential Properties of Interest and Money.”
Arthur T. Henrici, an Unsung Hero of Microbiology: An energetic explorer of many enthusiasms, Henrici stuck with microbiology and made diverse and important contributions to the science

Arthur T. Henrici, a fascinating man, is an unsung hero of microbiology. Born in Economy, Pa., in 1889, Henrici graduated from medical school at the University of Pittsburgh in 1911 at the head of his class. He worked locally as a pathologist at the St. Francis Hospital until 1913, when he moved to Minnesota to begin his long tenure on the bacteriology faculty at the University of Minnesota—remaining there until his untimely death in 1943 at the age of 54.
An Automated Approach to Identifying Patients with Dementia Using Electronic Medical Records.

Author(s): Reuben, David B; Hackbarth, Andrew S; Wenger, Neil S; Tan, Zaldy S; Jennings, Lee A
Assertion techniques for dynamic monitoring of linear list data structures

In this paper the use of dynamic monitoring in the area of software development is discussed, with particular emphasis on its relation to software maintenance. New techniques that enable monitoring of most array-implemented linear list data structures are presented. The main advantage of these assertion techniques is the ability to construct a loop around a group of simple assertions. With this concept, the programmer can explicitly define the record traversal scheme for a linear list data structure implemented with either sequential or linked-list record allocation. A number of examples are given to illustrate how these techniques may be used with both sequential and linked representations of various linear list data structures in typical high-level languages, such as jovial. Finally, the practicality of the techniques, together with some performance figures and a description of the jovial implementation, are discussed.
DNA-Unwinding Proteins and their Role in the Replication of DNA

The first “DNA-unwinding protein” to be characterized was the T4 bacteriophage gene 32-protein (Alberts and Frey, 1970). Since then, other proteins of similar type have been obtained from a variety of organisms. In this article, I would like to review some of their properties and discuss their possible roles in DNA replication.
Structures of the catalytic domain of bacterial primase DnaG in complexes with DNA provide insight into key priming events.

Bacterial primase DnaG is an essential nucleic acid polymerase that generates primers for replication of chromosomal DNA. The mechanism of DnaG remains unclear due to the paucity of structural information on DnaG in complexes with other replisome components. Here we report the first crystal structures of noncovalent DnaG–DNA complexes, obtained with the RNA polymerase domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DnaG and various DNA ligands. One structure, obtained with ds DNA, reveals interactions with DnaG as it slides on ds DNA and suggests how DnaG binds template for primer synthesis. In another structure, DNA in the active site of DnaG mimics the primer, providing insight into mechanisms for the nucleotide transfer and DNA translocation. In conjunction with the recent cryo-EM structure of the bacteriophage T7 replisome, this study yields a model for primer elongation and hand-off to DNA polymerase.
A New Approach for Load Loss Factor Estimation in Electrical Distribution Networks

This paper presents a new approach for the estimation of the load loss factor. This factor is essential to calculate the electrical energy losses in electrical power distribution networks. The represented approach can estimate the load loss factor, especially for those distribution lines which their load profile has tedious to repetition and routine character like in industrial plants or for any other objects with similar load profiles.A mathematical formulation of the problem has been developed and solved. The equivalent working hours are calculated based on a newly derived equation. The equivalent working hours value leads to determine the amount of electrical energy losses in distribution lines. A numerical example and discussion has been presented to illustrate the significance of the proposed method.
An improved hierarchy and autonomous control for DC microgrid based on both model predictive and distributed droop control

Direct-current (dc) microgrids (MG), consisting of distributed renewable energy units and energy storage units, is expected to be the key enabling of future smart grid. The intermittent nature of renewable-energy units, coupled with the unpredictable changes in the load, requires the energy storage units compensate the fluctuating generated power and to regulate the dc-bus voltage. However, the energy storage units may not be always available, each energy unit converter should be able to switch between two different modes: current course converter to generate/consume power or voltage source converter to regulate the bus voltage. To address these two main challenges, a novel autonomous algorithm consisting of two layers of control is proposed, achieving good system dynamic, seamless transfer and decoupling performances. The primary layer control for each energy unit is based on model predictive current control, realizing free controller design and decoupled play & plug feature. Therefore, these energy units can be easily connected to the dc bus without affecting the operation of other converters. The secondary layer control based on a proposed distributed droop control determines the operation modes for each converter, either to be current source converter (CSC) or voltage source converter (VSC). The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm was verified under various case studies on dSPACE 1007 real-time simulation platform.
Linear Regression and Matrix Inversion

Linear regression is the most commonly applied procedure in statistics. This fact alone underscores the importance of solving linear least squares problems quickly and reliably. In addition, iteratively reweighted least squares lies at the heart of a host of other optimization algorithms in statistics. The current chapter features four different methods for solving linear least squares problems: sweeping, Cholesky decomposition, the modified GramSchmidt procedure, and orthogonalization by Householder reflections. Later we take up solution by the singular value decomposition.
The Relationships Among Self-Compassion, Stigma, and Attitudes Toward Counseling in Student-Athletes

Although factors involved with help-seeking have been widely studied in the general college population, college student-athletes have received less attention. The purpose of this study was to exami...
Outcomes in Organ Transplant Recipients With Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy

Abstract Background Few data exist in the literature regarding outcomes of men with prostate cancer (CaP) who are receiving immunosuppression from prior organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical disease-free survival, distant metastasis–free survival, overall survival, and toxicity in patients with organ transplants who were later treated with definitive radiotherapy for CaP. Patients and Methods Our institutional CaP registry was reviewed to identify patients who had undergone an organ transplantation before CaP diagnosis. Between 1999 and 2013, a total of 28 organ transplant recipients treated with definitive radiotherapy for CaP were identified. Treatment consisted of either I-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy or external-beam radiotherapy. All patients were receiving immunosuppressive medications. Results The median age was 66 years. Median follow-up time was 30 months. Twenty-four patients (86%) were treated with brachytherapy, and 4 patients (14%) were treated with external-beam radiotherapy. Nine patients (32%) had low-risk CaP, 14 (50%) had intermediate-risk CaP, and 5 (18%) had high-risk CaP. At the time of last follow-up, 2 patients had died, 1 from metastatic CaP and 1 from other causes. The 3-year biochemical disease-free survival was 95.8%. The 3-year distant metastasis–free survival was 93.1%. The 3-year overall survival was 93.8%. One patient developed grade 3 late gastrointestinal toxicity. Conclusion This represents one of the largest reported series of outcomes in patients with organ transplantation and CaP. Organ transplant recipients treated with prostate radiotherapy have excellent 3-year outcomes.
(0,2) Fundamentals

In this chapter we introduce a number of notational conventions, describe our primary object of study—the (0,2) supersymmetry algebra, and give a Lagrangian field realization of this structure.
Dynamic Four-Step Planning Model of Empty Repositioning Trips for Personal Autonomous Vehicles

AbstractAutonomous vehicles (AVs) offer new technologies that could revolutionize travel, such as greater link capacity and innovative intersection controls. One such traveler behavior is the poten...
Real-Time Automated Hazard Detection Framework for Health Information Technology Systems

An increase in the reliability of Health Information Technology (HIT) will facilitate institutional trust and credibility of the systems. In this paper, we present an end-to-end framework for impro...
Associations Between Child and Adolescent Beverage Intakes and Age 17-year Percent Body Fat (P21-064-19)

Observational studies in children and adolescents suggest that sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intakes are a risk factor for obesity, with obesity generally assessed using body mass index. Our objective was to investigate associations between child and adolescent beverage intakes collected longitudinally and % body fat at age 17. Iowa Fluoride Study/Iowa Bone Development Study participants were recruited at birth and followed longitudinally with detailed questionnaires sent at least every 6 months. Mean daily (area under the curve) beverage intakes of participants (n = 174 male, n = 201 female) were calculated for the age ranges 1.00–3.00, 3.01–5.00, 5.01–9.00, 9.01–11.00, 11.01–13.00, 13.01–15.00, and 15.01–17.00 years from beverage questionnaire-reported intakes of milk, 100% juice, SSBs and water-based sugar-free beverages (WBB). Three-day diaries and food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate mean energy intakes for these age ranges. Percent body fat (%BF) was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at age 17-year clinic exams. Generalized linear models based on the gamma distribution and a log link function were used to examine associations between the independent variables of beverage intakes (at a specific age range), baseline socioeconomic status (SES), sex, and energy intakes, and the dependent variable %BF at age 17. Adolescent, but not early childhood, milk and 100% juice intakes were negatively associated with mean %BF at age 17. For example, the estimated effect of 8 additional ounces of milk daily at ages 15.01–17.00 years was a 4% decrease in %BF at age 17 (95% CI 6% decrease, 1% decrease), and the estimated effect of 8 ounces of 100% juice was an 11% decrease in %BF (95% CI 18% decrease, 3% decrease). Neither childhood nor adolescent SSB or WBB intakes were meaningfully associated with %BF at age 17. Adjustment for baseline SES, sex and energy intakes had a marginal impact on estimated effects. Adolescent milk and 100% juice, but not SSB or WBB, intakes were associated with lower %BF at age 17. The results suggest that associations between beverage intakes and obesity may depend on how obesity is measured. National Institutes of Health (R03-DE023784, R01-DE12101, R01-DE09551, UL1-RR024979, UL1-TR000442, UL1-TR001013, M01-RR00059); The Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust; Delta Dental of Iowa Foundation.
A multi-staged niched evolutionary approach for allocating parallel tasks with joint optimization of performance, energy, and temperature

Abstract This paper presents a multi-stage multi-objective evolutionary approach (MS-MOEA) for allocating parallel computations on multi-core processors by joint optimizing performance (P), energy (E), and temperature (T). Evolutionary techniques have been shown to be effective for solving optimization problems, including our own previous work on solving the PET-optimized scheduling (PETOS) problem. There have long been a great many debates and rivalries between various evolutionary approaches, such as the SPEA or NSGA, with regard to their relative matters. The novelty of the proposed MS-MOEA approach is its amalgamation of the basic evolutionary algorithms that are already shown to be highly effective, thereby creating a niche of these techniques. The niche takes advantages of the strengths of each baseline technique for achieving additional enhancement in the precision of the optimization. We propose six multi-stage hybrids, each designed with either niched fitness assignment strategy, or combining populations from multiple MOEAs, or incorporating the problem knowledge into the conventional technique. The experimental results measure the quality of resulting Pareto fronts and demonstrate that the proposed MS-MOEAs yield better optimization for the PETOS problem in achieving three-objective in parallel task-to-core mapping.
The hinged digit flap with dual W-plasties.

. A U-shaped flap, hinged proximally and incised distally, adapts well on digits. When incising over joint skin, dual-running W-plasties are mandatory to prevent cicatricial bridging and functional compromise. In a series of 18 cases, no untoward difficulties have been noted.
Recent trends in Medicare utilization and surgeon reimbursement for shoulder arthroplasty.

Background Recent efforts to contain health care costs and move toward value-based health care have intensified, with a continued focus on Medicare expenditures, especially for high-volume procedures. As total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) volume continues to increase, especially within the Medicare population, it is important for orthopedic surgeons to understand recent trends in the allocation of health care expenditures and potential effects on reimbursements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in annual Medicare utilization and provider reimbursement rates for shoulder arthroplasty procedures between 2012 and 2017. Methods This study tracked annual Medicare claims and payments to shoulder arthroplasty surgeons via publicly available databases and aggregated data at the county level. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate trends in procedure volume, utilization rate (per 10,000 Medicare beneficiaries), and reimbursement rate. We used adjusted multiple linear regression models to examine associations between county-specific variables (ie, urban or rural, average household income, poverty rate, percentage Medicare population, and race and ethnicity demographics) and procedure volume, utilization rate, and reimbursement rate. Results Between 2012 and 2017, there was an 81.3% increase in primary TSA volume and 55.5% increase in primary TSA utilization. The Midwest and South had higher utilization rates than the Northeast and West (P Conclusions Our study confirms that although TSA volume and per capita utilization have increased dramatically since 2012, Medicare Part B reimbursements to surgeons have continued to fall even after the adoption of bundled-payment models for orthopedic procedures. Cost-containment efforts continue to focus on Medicare reimbursements to surgeons, although other expenditures such as hospital payments and operational and implant costs must also be evaluated as part of an overall transition to value-based health care.
Blockchain: by Sandra Hirsh and Susan Alman, Eds., Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2020, 104pp., $29.00, ISBN 978-0-8389-1743-5

Say the word “blockchain” and thoughts immediately turn to cryptocurrencies and nefarious financial dealings. However, readers of Blockchain will discover that this open, decentralized technology h...
Multicolor structured illumination microscopy and quantitative control of polychromatic coherent light with a digital micromirror device

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a broadly applicable super-resolution microscopy technique which does not impose photophysics requirements on fluorescent samples. Multicolor SIM implementations typically rely on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLM9s) for precise patterning of the excitation light, but digital micromirror devices (DMD9s) are a promising alternative, owing to their lower cost, increased imaging rate, and simplified experimental timings. Given these advantages, why do existing DMD SIM implementations either rely on incoherent projection, resulting in an order of magnitude lower signal-to-noise, or utilize coherent light at only a single wavelength? The primary obstacle to realizing a multicolor coherent DMD SIM microscope is the lack of an efficient approach for dealing with the blazed grating effect. To address this challenge, we developed quantitative tools applicable to a single DMD acting as a polychromatic diffractive optic. These include a closed form solution of the blaze and diffraction conditions, a forward model of DMD diffraction, and a forward model of coherent pattern projection. We applied these to identify experimentally feasible configurations using a single DMD as a polychromatic diffractive optic for combinations of three and four common fluorophore wavelengths. Based on these advances, we constructed a DMD SIM microscope for coherent light which we used to validate these models, develop a high-resolution optical transfer function measurement technique, and demonstrate SIM resolution enhancement for calibration samples, fixed cells, and live cells. This low-cost setup opens the door to applying DMD9s in polychromatic applications which were previously restricted to LCoS SLM9s.
Strain & Gain: From Deprivation to Innovation within Restricted Housing Units

The deprived nature of restricted housing units (RHUs) leaves residents fraught with an innumerable amount of strain. Coupled with a problematic grievance system, the social structure of RHUs can p...
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Jaguar Loach (Yasuhikotakia splendida).

Herein, we present the complete mitochondrial genome of the Jaguar Loach, Yasuhikotakia splendida. The sequence was determined from an aquarium specimen using a next-generation sequencing approach. The annotated Y. splendida mitogenome was 16,695 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 non-coding control region. The Y. splendida mitogenome displayed an A + T bias with an overall base composition of 32.0% A, 24.7% T, 27.6% C, and 15.7% G. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, based on the aligned mitogenome sequences of 22 botiid loach species from each of the 8 genera and 3 outgroups, generated nearly identical trees that supported the Jaguar Loach as the sister species to the Skunk Loach, Y. morleti.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Compassion-Centered Team Intervention to Improve Clinical Research Coordinator Resilience and Well-Being.

PURPOSE:Oncology clinical research coordinators (CRCs) and team-based coordinator care are critical for the success of clinical trials. However, CRCs typically report elevated anxiety and burnout a...
The SEC Framework for Analysis of Digital Assets: Explanation and Five General Takeaways

The SEC released the "Framework for 'Investment Contract' Analysis of Digital Assets" to help market participants understand the factors that go into determining whether particular digital assets count as "investment contracts" and therefore securities under the Howey test. This paper explains the Framework and provides five general takeaways.
High-sensitivity detection of optogenetically-induced neural activity with functional ultrasound imaging.

Abstract Whole-brain imaging approaches and optogenetic manipulations are powerful tools to map brain-wide neural circuits in vivo. To date, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides the most comprehensive evaluation of such large-scale circuitry. However, functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) has recently emerged as a complementary imaging modality that can extend such measurements towards the context of diverse behavioral states and tasks. Nevertheless, in order to properly interpret the fUSI signal during these complicated scenarios, it must first be carefully validated against well-established technologies, such as fMRI, in highly controlled experimental settings. Here, to address this need, we compared subsequent fMRI and fUSI recordings in response to direct neuronal activation via optogenetics in the same animals under an identical anesthetic protocol. Specifically, we applied various intensities of light stimulation to the primary motor cortex (M1) of mice and compared the spatiotemporal dynamics of the elicited fMRI and fUSI signals. Overall, our general linear model analysis (t-scores) and time series analysis (z-scores) revealed that fUSI was more sensitive than fMRI for detecting optogenetically-induced neuronal activation. Local field potential recordings in the bilateral M1 and striatum also better co-localized with fUSI activation patterns than those of fMRI. Finally, the fUSI response contained distinct arterial and venous components that provide vascular readouts of neuronal activity with vessel-type specificity.
Synergistic anticancer effects of combined γ-tocotrienol and oridonin treatment is associated with the induction of autophagy.

c-Tocotrienol and oridonin are natural phyto- chemicals that display potent anticancer activity. Studies showed that combined treatment with subeffective doses of c-tocotrienol with oridonin resulted in synergistic autop- hagic and apoptotic effects in malignant ?SA, but not normal CL-S1 mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro. Specifically, combined treatment with low doses of c-to- cotrienol (8 lM) and oridonin (2 lM) for 24 h resulted in synergistic inhibition of ?SA mammary cancer cells via- bility. This combination significantly enhanced the expression of autophagy cellular markers including the conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II, beclin-1, Atg3, Atg7, Atg5-Atg12, LAMP-1 and cathepsin-D, and pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or bafilomycin A1 (Baf1) blocked these effects. Furthermore, blockade of c-tocotrienol and oridonin-induced autophagy with 3-MA or Baf1 induced a modest, but significant reduction in cytotoxicity resulting from the combined treatment of these phytochemicals. The anticancer effects of combination treatment was also associated with a large suppression in Akt/mTOR mitogenic signaling and corre- sponding increase in the levels of apoptotic cellular marker including cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in these tumor cells. These effects were also found to be selective against cancer cells, since similar combined treatment with c-tocotrienol and oridonin did not induce autophagy or reduce viability of normal mouse CL-S1 mammary epithelial cells. These findings indicate that combined c-tocotrienol and oridonin-induced autophagy plays a role in mediating the synergistic anticancer effects of these phytochemicals.
Experimental Studies of Coalition Formation

Publisher Summary A coalition is the joint use of resources to determine the outcome of a decision, which must take place in a situation that has elements of both coordination and conflict. This chapter discusses the coalition situation, theoretical alternatives, experimental evidence, and ideal conditions for the theories. Different theories, each with a specific set of assumptions about norms and motives, are available to explain the experimental results. The minimum resource theory emphasizes the initial resources, which the players bring to the situation. Minimum power theory focuses on strategic position in bargaining; while, anticompetitive theory focuses on the potentially disruptive aspects of bargaining. Utter confusion theory emphasizes the importance of a large number of fortuitous factors, which have nothing to do with the resources, pivotal power, or stable social relationships of the players. Each theory finds some support in experimental evidence. However, the coalitions predicted by minimum resource theory are confirmed in a number of experiments. Although, there is some support for each theory, one could, if so inclined, create experimental conditions that would support any of them.
Fabrication of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) using wafer bonding technology for low frequency (10 kHz-150 kHz) sonar applications

This paper introduces a new method for fabricating Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUT) that uses a wafer-bonding technique. The transducer membrane and cavity are defined separately on a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafer and on a prime quality silicon wafer, respectively. Using silicon direct bonding in a vacuum environment, the two wafers are bonded forming the transducer. Among the many advantages this wafer-bonding technique, and probably the most important for low frequency transducer applications, is the ability to define relatively large membranes and large gaps easily. The particular device reported in this paper is designed to operate in the 10 kHz - 150 kHz range as a transmitter only for a sonar application. In this paper, we describe the new fabrication process to build CMUTs, and present the first experimental results obtained from this particular device that demonstrate wide-band operation in the above mentioned frequency range.
ModelBased Adaptive Critic Designs

This chapter provides an overview of model-based adaptive critic designs including background, general algorithms, implementations, and comparisons. The authors begin by introducing the mathematical background of model-reference adaptive critic designs. Various ADP designs such as Heuristic Dynamic Programming (HDP), Dual HDP (DHP), Globalized DHP (GDHP), and Action-Dependent (AD) designs are examined from both a mathematical and implementation standpoint and put into perspective. Pseudocode is provided for many aspects of the algorithms. The chapter concludes with applications and examples. For another overview perspective that focuses more on implementation issues read Chapter 4: Guidance in the Use of Adaptive Critics for Control. Chapter 15 contains a comparison of DHP with back-propagation through time, building a common framework for comparing these methods.
Heller and Insurrectionism

The most significant aspect of District of Columbia v. Heller is the Court's pronouncement that the Founders intended to guarantee an individual right to keep and bear arms. But there is another idea lurking in the Court's opinion with potentially great ramifications of its own: the idea that the Founders gave us a right to keep and bear arms as an ultimate check against governmental tyranny. This is an insurrectionist theory because it legitimizes a right of the people to be armed, potentially to go to war against their own government. The Court, however, so far, has embraced this idea tentatively and perhaps not irrevocably. Drawing on Burkean principles, as well as those of the Founders, this essay is a plea that the Court reconsider its endorsement of insurrectionism.
On Modeling Real-Time Task Systems

The basic problem in real-time research is how to model a real-time application. In this paper we look at the modeling itself. A real-time task is defined as a sequence of execution requirements with deadlines. The feasibility difficulties of different models are analysed. It turns out generalizing the conventional model does not increase the complextiy level of feasibility testing while it gives us more flexibility to model real-time problems. Adding start time to a task model increases the chance of feasibility but at the same time raises the complexity level into co-NP-complete in the strong sense.
Focal-series reconstruction of nanoparticle exit-surface electron wave

We have used the One-Angstrom Microscope (OAM) to image and apply focal-series reconstruction (FSR) of the exit-surface wave (ESW) to a 70Angstrom particle of gold supported on amorphous carbon. The phase of the complex ESW shows the positions of the atom columns in the specimen as white dots, and its diffractogram shows it contains information to 1.23Angstrom. The result demonstrates that through-focal reconstruction of the ESW does not need large crystal expanses to work properly. Although [110] Au structures may not need sub-Angstrom resolution to show all the useful structural details of the particle in this orientation, it is clear that focal reconstruction of the ESW can improve original data that is much more difficult to interpret directly. We expect this technique to prove even more useful when applied to nanoparticles containing finer spacings than the 2.35Angstrom separation of the 111 planes in the present gold nano-particle.
Equilibria analysis of power systems using a numerical homotopy method

In this paper, we present a homotopy based numerical continuation algorithm to efficiently compute all feasible equilibria of a complex power system model. The dynamic characteristics of conventional power systems are undergoing a sea change due to the impact of large-scale integration of renewables, storage elements, new type of loads etc. Several parameters of these components affect the power system operation leading to multiple feasible equilibria which may be intractable by the traditional load flow techniques. In contrast, our algorithm finds all the feasible solutions over a certain parameter space. We illustrate the results through the simulation of a 5-machine power system model with wind, storage elements, and dynamic loads. We observed that the wind velocity and the reference to the wind bus voltage strongly affect the number and the stability of the system equilibria. Knowledge of these equilibria can benefit small-signal stability assessment and system level planning.
Identification de stérols à chaîne latérale oxygénée dans une éponge de l'espèce Hyrtios†

Thirty-two sterols are identified in the sponge Hyrtios sp. In addition to fourteen monohydroxylated compounds, the sterol fraction contains eight functionalized sidechain sterols, three of them new: 3 β-hydroxy-24-norchol-5-en-23-al (19), (22-trans)-3 β-hydroxycholest-5, 22-dien-24-one (20) and (22R, 23R, 24S) or (22S, 23S, 24S)- 22,23-epoxy-24-methylchoest-5-en-3 β-ol (24). The probable biological origin, rather than artifact production, of these undescribed components is discussed.
The Role of Information Retrieval and Conditional Inference Processes in Belief Formation and Change

Publisher Summary The chapter focuses on the role of conditional inference processes (for example, inferences concerning the validity of one proposition given the validity or invalidity of others) in the acquisition and the change of beliefs. These processes are one of several types of reasoning that may underlie social judgments. However, the conditions under which they are likely to occur are sufficiently diverse and will not cause a major restriction on the considerations. The chapter provides an intuitive feel for the sort of inference process postulated to underlie judgments, and some evidence for a formal descriptive model of this process. The focus is on a consideration of several factors that affect the availability and use of information to make inferences of the sort to which this model is relevant. Finally, applications of the proposed conceptualization to inferences in several content domains are considered. The chapter discusses determinants of information accessibility wherein plausibility and strength of implications, effects of inconsistency, and general effects of thought on reported beliefs are also discussed.
Ti/Zr/Hf-based quasicrystals

Abstract The formation, stability and structures of the icosahedral phase (i-phase) and related complex crystal and amorphous phases in Ti/Zr/Hf alloys are reviewed. Most attention is focused on the TiZrNi quasicrystal, demonstrating that this i-phase is a low-temperature stable quasicrystal, forming almost 300 °C below the liquidus temperature. The persistence of the i-phase at low temperatures after very long duration anneals suggests it as the first realistic candidate for a ground-state quasicrystal. A structural model for i(TiZrNi) is presented, the first for any Ti/Zr/Hf-based quasicrystal; the energy is lower than for competing crystal phases, in agreement with the results of the annealing studies. With sufficient undercooling, metastable i(TiZrNi) nucleates in preference to a polytetrahedral C14 Laves phase, suggesting a local icosahedral order in the liquid. X-ray data are presented to support that conclusion. Hydrogen storage properties of these alloys are discussed briefly and pressure composition isotherm measurements are presented and analyzed. A new Ti–Hf–Ni crystal approximant that has superior hydrogen adsorption properties is discussed. Origins of quasicrystal nanostructures, formed by crystallizing Zr-based metallic glasses are proposed.
Active displacement of RecA filaments by UvrD translocase activity

The UvrD helicase has been implicated in the disassembly of RecA nucleoprotein filaments in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrate that UvrD utilizes an active mechanism to remove RecA from the DNA. Efficient RecA removal depends on the availability of DNA binding sites for UvrD and/or the accessibility of the RecA filament ends. The removal of RecA from DNA also requires ATP hydrolysis by the UvrD helicase but not by RecA protein. The RecA-removal activity of UvrD is slowed by RecA variants with enhanced DNA-binding properties. The ATPase rate of UvrD during RecA removal is much slower than the ATPase activity of UvrD when it is functioning either as a translocase or a helicase on DNA in the absence of RecA. Thus, in this context UvrD may operate in a specialized disassembly mode.
Ecological physiology of the black band disease cyanobacterium Phormidium corallyticum.

Laboratory studies were carried out to assess the photosynthetic and nitrogen-fixing capabilities of the gliding, filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium corallyticum. This species is found on coral reefs, and is one of the members of a pathogenic microbial consortium called black band disease of corals, a unique horizontally migrating microbial mat with an active sulfuretum. It was determined that P. corallyticum can perform oxygenic photosynthesis in the presence or absence of sulfide, but cannot conduct (DCMU-forced) anoxygenic photosynthesis with sulfide as electron donor. Photosynthesis vs. irradiance curves revealed a very low threshold for Pmax of <30 μE m−2 s−1. Temperature optima for photosynthetic activity were at and above 30°C. Neither a laboratory culture of P. corallyticum nor freshly collected samples of the black band microbial consortium were capable of fixing N2. Results are discussed in terms of the ecology of this coral disease.
SLSE Damage Detection Technique for Foundation Strengthening Using Plates

This paper discusses the use of a vibration-based technique for damage detection in metal and composite plate wrappings for pier foundation repairs. The SLSE (Scanning Laser-Strain Energy) method relies on full-field laser modal scanning and strain energy computation to establish damage locations within composite wrappings. Strain energy distribution relies on segmental derivation of detected deflection shapes; hence, large numbers of spatial data points are required. By providing high spatial data density, laser scanner complement nicely with the damage detection technique. Using an aluminum plate and a composite plate, results from a baseline scan test is presented in this paper to demonstrate the show the high potential of this technique for detecting damage in plates commonly used for structural repairs.
Solid-solution rubidium/potassium mixed-metal fullerides

Abstract Polycrystalline samples of mixed alkali-metal fullerides, Rb 3−x K x C 60 (x = 1, 2), were prepared by the direct reaction of C 60 with alkali metal vapor. Superconducting transition temperatures and lattice parameters, as determined by magnetic susceptibility and X-ray powder diffraction, are intermediate to the two endmembers, K 3 C 60 and Rb 3 C 60 . Compounds appear to be solid solutions that obey Vegard's Law. No indication of size-difference-induced cation ordering on tetrahedral and octahedral sites is observed.
Single-dose fasting bioequivalence assessment of erythromycin stearate tablets in man.

The bioequivalence of film-coated erythromycin stearate tablets produced by five different manufacturers was evaluated in a balanced incomplete block design involving the five formulations given to 30 fasted subjects over a 3-week study period. Serum levels of erythromycin activity were determined microbiologically. Statistical analysis of variance was performed on the observed bioavailability parameters: maximum serum concentration Cmax, time to maximum serum concentration (tmax), and area under the serum concentrationtime curve (AUC). There was no statistical difference between formulations for the tmax parameter. Formulation differences were found, however, based on the analysis of variance of the Cmax and AUC parameters. Two products, although not significantly different from one another, showed significantly greater Cmax and AUC values than the other three products.
Determination of calorific values of some renewable biofuels

Thermal methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and elemental analysis (EA) were employed to determine the calorific values of some renewable biofuels either directly or indirectly. The biofuels tested were the common milkweed, dogbane, kudzu, and eucalyptus tree. The purpose of this work was to optimize the experimental conditions for DSC analysis of biofuels, improve the calorific values by adding metal oxides as catalysts, and compare the heat values between DSC and EA analyses.
Distribution, composition, and transport of suspended particulate matter in the vicinity of Willapa submarine canyon, Washington

The distribution and composition of suspended particulate matter in the waters over Willapa submarine canyon and the adjacent continental slope off the coast of Wasington describe an apparently continuous botton nepheloid layer ranging in thickness from 160 to 530 m and composed of particles supplied primarily by the nearby Columbia River. Near-bottom particulate concentrations, estimated by continuous vertical profiles of light-scattering intensity, systematically decrease from the continental shelf to the base of the slope. Within this trend, concentrations in Willapa Canyon are greater by a factor of as much as 3 than concentrations present at comparable locations on the adjacent open-slope areas. Mineralogical analysis of the suspended sediment within the bottom nepheloid layer suggests that the increased concentrations found within Willapa Canyon result from a preferential accumulation of Columbia River-derived particles relative to the surrounding open-slope areas. Montmorillonite/chlorite ratios >1 characterize the Columbia River suspended load, and this ratio remains >0.7 in samples from upper Willapa Canyon while decreasing to <0.7 in samples from the surrounding open slope and lower Willapa Canyon. Chemical homogeneity of the suspended particulates from the Columbia River to the base of the slope is indicated by the nearly constant ratios of the major-element oxides tomore » Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. The excess density provided by the intense nepheloid layer found in Willapa Canyon may be influential in generating a net downcanyon component of bottom flow such as observed in other submarine canyons. Predicted rates of net basinward transport of the bottom nepheloid layer sediments range from 2.8 cm sec/sup -1/ at 635 m to 1.5 cm sec/sup -1/ at 1,500 m, values that are in good agreement with long-term current measurement in other canyons.« less
Monoamine oxidase activity in cultured brown fat cells

Abstract Monolayer cultures of brown fat cells were prepared from 10–12 day old rats following lipolysing pretreatment with isoproterenol. Monoamine oxidase activity was found by histochemical test to be confined to the fat cells. Insulin increased the MAO activity, suggesting that the hormone may play a role in controlling interaction between brown fat and the adrenergic amines.
Cognitive Ability: Does Working Memory Training Enhance Intelligence?

Summary Recent experiments in both humans and mice suggest that working memory training improves general cognitive ability. While the prospect of enhancing human and animal intelligence is enticing, several questions remain.
Renegotiating institutional power relationships to better serve nursing students

Perceiving the power and interests inherent in an apparently everyday setting—a nursing education program—is critical in order to effect meaningful and desired change.
Evaluation of dopamine metabolism in rat striatum by a gas chromatographic technique.

Dopamine metabolism in rat striatum was evaluated by gas chromatographic quantitation of 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA). The level of DOPAC (5.21 nmoles/g ± 0.40 S.E.M., n = 12) exceeded that of HVA (3.63 nmoles/g ± 0.25 S.E.M., n = 12). 2 hr following administration of probenecid (200 mg/kg i.p.) the level of striatal HVA was approximately doubled whereas the level of DOPAC was not significantly elevated. Parggline (75 mg/kg i.p.) produced a rapid depletion of DOPAC and HVA. The rate of disappearance of DOPAC (t12 = 10 min) exceeded that of HVA (t12 = 18 min). Rates of metabolite formation were computed assuming steady state kinetics. The rate of formation of DOPAC (20.5 nmoles/g/hr) was much greater than that of HVA (10.1 nmoles/g/hr). We conclude that DOPAC is the major dopamine metabolite in rat striatum and that its measurement may provide the best index of functional of neuronal activity in this species.
Low shear viscosity and crystallization in dilute solutions of polymers at high pressures: Falling body viscometry of high molecular weight polyethylene solutions

A specially designed falling body viscometer has been used to obtain low shear viscosities of dilute solutions of high molecular weight polyethylene in decalin and for detecting phase transitions at high pressures. The method provides valuable rheological data at pressures that correspond to those in lubrication and some extrusion processes. In addition, the method enables detection of phase transitions, such as crystallization, that result in detectable changes in rheology. The influence of pressures as high as 0.6 GPa (∼ 80,000 psi) is illustrated here through a study of crystallization, with verification from light scattering and calorimetry.
The Neural Plate Specifies Somite Size in the Xenopus laevis Gastrula

The organizer has traditionally been considered the major source of somite-inducing signals. We show here that signaling from the neural plate specifies somite tissue and regulates somite size in the Xenopus gastrula. Ectopic undifferentiated neural tissue induces massive somite expansion at the expense of intermediate and lateral plate mesoderm. Although the early expanded somite expresses muscle-specific markers, only a portion terminally differentiates, suggesting that myotome development requires additional signals. Explant assays demonstrate that neural tissue induces somite-specific marker expression even in the absence of the organizer. Finally, we demonstrate that neural tissue is required for proper somite development because elimination of neural precursors results in pronounced somite reduction. Thus, an important reciprocal interaction exists between somite and neural tissue that is mutually reinforcing and critical for normal embryonic patterning.
Beyond Doing No Harm: A Call for Participatory Action Research with Marginalized Populations in Criminological Research

While most social scientists agree that the outcome of research should be useful in the real world, the idea that research can, and should, be empowering and directly useful to research participants has largely been limited to the margins of a few social science disciplines. While community psychologists and critical sociologists have long embraced participatory research and co-operative inquiry approaches—where the empowerment of research participants is as important as the contribution to knowledge and policy development—criminologists have been slow to adopt more emancipatory research models except for a few notable exceptions. This essay calls for the use of participatory action research by criminologists and for us to have a dialogue about the social value of our research and our obligations to research participants beyond “simply doing no harm.”
Superior mesenteric artery aneurysms: is presence an indication for intervention?

Introduction: Although rare, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) aneurysms have a definite rupture risk. Past reports have suggested that this risk is low, yet most investigators recommend repair in selected patients. We reviewed our experience with 21 patients to try to determine when intervention was indicated. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients with SMA aneurysms at our institutions from January 1980 through December 1998 was undertaken. Only patients with true aneurysms of the SMA were included. Results: Twenty-one patients with true SMA aneurysms were identified and included 14 males (67%) and seven females (33%). This represents a 6.9% incidence rate of all visceral aneurysms seen at our institutions. Eight patients (38%) had rupture at presentation, including seven of the 14 males (50%). In contrast to previous reports, only one patient (4.7%) had an infectious etiology. Five patients were on β-blocker therapy, but none were seen with rupture. However, eight of the remaining 16 patients (50%) without β-blockade had rupture. Thirteen patients (62%) had calcified aneurysms, but all ruptures were seen in noncalcified aneurysms. Operative intervention occurred in 11 of the 21 patients (52%). All eight patients with rupture underwent operation, including six ligations and one successful embolization, and one patient died before completion of repair. The operative mortality rate was 37.5% for ruptured aneurysms. Elective repair included one prosthetic graft, one excision and patch angioplasty, and one embolization, with no mortality. Ten of the 21 patients (48%) with SMA aneurysms were observed, and all were alive and well at a mean of 67 months' follow-up (range, 2 to 148 months). Conclusion: SMA aneurysms are rare but appear to have a higher risk of rupture than previously reported. Male patients and patients with noncalcified aneurysms appear to have a greater risk of rupture. β-Blockade may have some protective effect against aneurysm rupture. Intervention is reasonable in all patients at good operative risk with SMA aneurysms, considering the high rupture rate in our series. (J Vasc Surg 2002;36:234-7.)