cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation analyses of satellite radio frequency interference - Part I: Modeling and simulation

The objective of this paper is four-fold: (1) to develop mathematical models for uplink and downlink radio frequency interferences for three-dimensional elliptical-orbit satellites; (2) to formulate geometric criteria for determining all possible interference scenarios; (3) to simulate developed models with a sample communication network system; and (4) to compute the interference durations. Mathematical framework and numerical results will be presented. The model will be used to simulate and extract statistical information from the analyses of the simulation to predict the mean RFI duration, i.e., the time between RFI occurrences, and the fraction of time that RFI occurs. These parameters are essential to communication system designs such as frequency and orbit planning, assigning, scheduling.
Effect of Coronary Blood Flow on Radioisotope Dilution Curves Measured by Precordial Scintillation Detection

Two series of animal experiments are reported. In the first of these, the disappearance rates of intravenously injected radioactive boluses were monitored over the heart and from a peripheral artery. The disappearance rate over the heart was shown to be slower than in the artery. In a second series of experiments in which injection was made into the left ventricle or into a coronary artery while sampling from the right side of the heart, it was shown that the coronary transit time was several times longer than the left ventricular transit time. The prolonged presence of the radioactivity in the coronary vascular bed accounts for the difference in the heart and arterial disappearance slopes. A ratio of these two slopes may provide an index of coronary blood flow.
Study Characteristics and Recidivism Base Rates in Juvenile Sex Offender Recidivism

This study reports on the results of a review and meta-analysis of 63 data sets that examine sexual recidivism among juvenile sex offenders. The studies include a total of 11,219 juvenile sex offenders, followed for a weighted mean of 59.4 months (SD = 36.1 months). Recidivism is identified through official records of arrest or conviction. The weighted mean sexual recidivism rate is 7.08% ( SD = 3.9%). The weighted mean rate of general recidivism is 43.4% ( SD = 18.9%). Studies that examine sexual recidivism during adolescence find monthly sexual recidivism rates that are more than 4 times higher than those found in studies that rely only on adult recidivism records. Neither the level of secured placement (community, residential, or secured custody) nor the use of arrest versus conviction as an outcome significantly influences sexual recidivism rates.
Bioengineering and Systems Biology

A field known as Systems Biology is emerging, from roots in the molecular biology and genomic biology revolutions—the succession of which has led biomedical scientists to recognize that living systems can be studied not only in terms of their mechanistic, molecular-level components but also in terms of many of them simultaneously. This prospect of understanding how biological entities function through the framework of integrated operation of component parts holds extraordinary promise for medical applications, as well for broader societal applications such as the environment, agriculture, materials/manufacturing, and national defense. Some definitions of Systems Biology are available. Ideker et al.22 suggest the following: “Systems Biology does not investigate individual genes or proteins one at a time, as has been the highly successful mode of biology for the past 30 years. Rather, it investigates the behavior and relationships of all the elements in a particular biological system while it is functioning.” A description by Kitano27 is that “To understand biology at the system level, we must examine the structure and dynamics of cellular and organismal function, rather than the characteristics of isolated parts of a cell or organism.” The National Institute of General Medical Sciences at NIH1 provides a slightly different perspective: “Systems Biology seeks to predict the quantitative behavior of an in vivo biological process under realistic perturbation, where the quantitative treatment derives its power from explicit inclusion of the process components, their interactions, and realistic values for their concentrations, locations, and local states.” Systems Biology can also be defined operationally, as by the MIT Computational & Systems Biology Initiative, in terms of the “4 M’s”—Measurement, Mining, Modeling, and Manipulation—illustrated schematically in Fig. 1 (see http://csbi.mit.edu/). In this post-genomic era, Measurement can be undertaken in a high-throughput, multivariate manner using various kinds of array technologies. Because this multivariate data then is relatively recalcitrant to hypothesis generation by means of unaided human intuition,
Moyamoya disease in a hispanic child: a case report

Abstract BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease was initially described by Suzuki and Takaku in 1963 as a radiographic phenomenon relating to the tiny collateral vessels characteristic of the disease that resemble a cloud or puff of smoke [13,16,17]. The disease is rare and initially it was believed that the disease was confined to the Japanese population. It consists of occlusive vascular disease at the Circle of Willis with a tendency toward multiple ischemic neurological events and small strokes. In older populations it can often be associated with further vascular degeneration and intracerebral hemorrhage. This paper discusses the diagnosis, treatment, and management of moyamoya disease in a Hispanic child. CASE DESCRIPTION The case of a Hispanic child who presented with transient ischemic attacks over a period of 1 year is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed occlusive vascular disease in the posterior Circle of Willis. Digital subtraction cerebral angiography showed vascular occlusion at the base of the skull with collateral leptomeningeal and posterior circulation contribution in a pattern typical of moyamoya disease. Technetium was injected for a SPECT study demonstrating less uptake in the left frontal and left parieto-occipital regions. The patient underwent a left superficial temporal-to-middle cerebral artery anastamosis followed by a right-sided anastamosis in a second operation. The patient tolerated the cerebral revascularization and was symptom-free at 6-month follow-up. Cerebral angiography demonstrated improved perfusion in both cerebral hemispheres postoperatively. CONCLUSION This article reports the occurrence of moyamoya in a Hispanic child. It illustrates the improved perfusion postoperatively as seen on digital subtraction cerebral angiography. Direct revascularization is felt to be difficult in children and alternatives such as encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis have been advocated. Direct revascularization was effective in treating moyamoya disease in this instance. Most of the discussion of moyamoya disease has been focused on the Japanese and Far East population. This report confirms the entity as occurring in a Hispanic individual in the United States with no known Japanese ancestry.
Parents' perceived benefits and barriers of adolescents' diabetes self-management: part 2.

Knowledge is limited about parents' decision making regarding adolescents' assumption of diabetes management. This study's purpose was to identify parents' perceived benefits and barriers about this process. We interviewed 17 parents of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Questions were adapted from Janis and Mann's (1977) decisional balance sheet. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Descriptive expressions were identified and categories inductively generated. Inter-rater agreement was initially 85% and was 100% after discussion of disagreements. Parents' perceived benefits for themselves were relief from burden and knowledge and confidence and/or pride in adolescents' abilities. Their perceived benefits for their sons and daughters were also twofold: knowledge and/or confidence in abilities and freedom, independence, and/or control. Parents perceived barriers for themselves were loss of control, authority, and supervision, dealing with consequences, and expression of lack of barriers. Thei...
Optimal and Asymptotically Optimal Equi-partition of Rectangular Domains via Stripe Decomposition

We present an efficient method for assigning any number of processors to tasks associated with the cells of a rectangular uniform grid. Load balancing equi-partition constraints are observed while approximately minimizing the total perimeter of the partition, which corresponds to the amount of interprocessor communication. This method is based upon decomposition of the grid into stripes of “optimal” height. We prove that under some mild assumptions, as the problem size grows large in all parameters, the error bound associated with this feasible solution approaches zero. We also present computational results from a high level parallel Genetic Algorithm that utilizes this method, and make comparisons with other methods. On a network of workstations, our algorithm solves within minutes instances of the problem that would require one billion binary variables in a Quadratic Assignment formulation.
Clinical Presentation and Patient Evaluation in ATOS

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare condition most frequently observed in relatively young, active, and otherwise healthy individuals. It is typically caused by a bony anatomic abnormality, leading to subclavian artery compression, poststenotic dilatation with aneurysmal degeneration and/or ulceration, and mural thrombus formation with distal embolization to the arm and/or hand. The clinical presentation of arterial TOS occurs in four settings: (1) upper extremity claudication due to fixed or positional subclavian artery obstruction, resulting in exercise-induced arm symptoms of fatigue, muscle cramping, heaviness and pain; (2) acute or subacute upper extremity ischemia due to thromboembolism, resulting in pain, numbness and/or tingling, cold sensation, and a pale or mottled appearance in the hand and/or fingers. (this is often associated with sustained digital vasospasm, which may be complicated by fingertip ulceration or digital gangrene); (3) an asymptomatic pulsatile mass in the supraclavicular space, typically found in association with a cervical rib; and (4) the presence of symptoms of neurogenic TOS in a patient with a cervical rib, with an incidental finding of a subclavian artery aneurysm identified on physical examination or imaging studies. In this chapter, we review the clinical presentation of arterial TOS and use of history, physical examination, and imaging studies to establish a sound diagnosis of this potentially limb-threatening condition.
Effect of amygdaloid lesions in a fear conditioning situation not involving instrumental learning

Twelve amygdaloid lesioned and 18 control rats received 200 5-sec shocks in either the black or white side of a two-compartment box. Ss spent an equal length of time without punishment in the opposite colored compartment The partition separating the two compartments was removed and the time Ss spent on each side in two 10-min test sessions was recorded. Control animals avoided the shock color by staying on the /ld;safe/rd; side approximately 80% of the time; in contrast, amygdaloid Ss spent scarcely half their time on the nonshock side, although they did display a highly significant preference for the black side regardless of whether or not they had been shocked there. The role of the amygdala in aversive conditioning situations was discussed.
Dealing with real ordinal data: recent advances in analyzing tied, censored, and multivariate observations

When ordinal data are inexact (tied, censored, multivariate), it is demonstrated that both asymptotic and “exact” rank tests (including the sign test) may yield liberal results. It is demonstrated that using the unconditional variance (without “correction for ties”) for inexact data ensures that the probability of a “significant” result does not exceed the level. The proposed approach is based on the marginal likelihood principle. It is easily extended to multivariate ordinal data, allows for adjustment for confounding, is computationally feasible, and suggests criteria for the design of user interfaces.
Determination of 5 Avermectin Residues in Fruits and Vegetables by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 5 avermectin residues(e.g.abamectin,ivermectine,eprinomectin,emamectin benzoate B1a and emamectin benzoate B1b) in fruits and vegetables.After extracted with acetonitrile,avermectin residues were cleaned up by PSA and C18 dispersive solid phase extraction.Influences of mobile phases,procedure of solvent gradient and temperature of the desolvation gas were investigated.Experimental results revealed that the most signal intense precursor ions([M+ NH4]+) were observed when desolvation gas temperature of 250 ℃ was used.The method was evaluated in terms of the limits of detection and quantitation.The linearity of the analytical response within the studied range of 3 orders of magnitude was excellent,with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999.The mean recoveries of all analytes in 5 spiked fruits and vegetables matrix were in the range of 74%-110%,with relative standard deviations of 0.4%-12.1%.The limits of detection for abamectin,ivermectine,eprinomectin,emamectin benzoate B1a and emamectin benzoate B1b were 0.6,0.6,0.3,0.06,0.6 μg/kg,respectively.The method was efficient,reliable and sensitive,and could meet the requirements for the determination of 5 avermectin residues in fruits and vegetables.
The Pulsating Combustion Gas Soot-Blowing Technique and its Application in Boilers of Large Capacity

In view of problems existing with the present steam soot-blowing and the acoustic soot-blowing technique,the pulsating combustion gas soot-blowing technique has been developed,and for the first time used on the rotary air preheater of 600MW boiler.After years of uninterrupted improvement,this technique is already being applied to horizontal flues and convection heat delivery surfaces,in heat recovery areas of 300～600MW boilers,for soot-blowing purposes,where it is exhibiting its particular performance property and effectiveness.
The effect of cultured endothelial cells on factor VIII procoagulant activity.

Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells produce a protein that has von Willebrand factor activity and forms immunoprecipitates with rabbit antibody to purified plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) protein, but it has no FVIII procoagulant activity. Of the three characteristics of plasma FVIII/vWF protein, only FVIII procoagulant activity is readily destroyed by trace proteases. A previous report from this laboratory demonstrated protease activity in culture medium under conditions that had been used by others to show that endothelial cells do not synthesize protein with FVIII procoagulant activity. However, even if cultured endothelial cells are placed in protease-free culture medium, no FVIII procoagulant activity can be detected, despite an increase in the level of protein with vWF activity from 0 to 0.57 microgram/ml by 48 hr. This observation and the lack of protease activity in medium left in contact with the cells for 48 hr led to the hypothesis that proteases exist on the surface of cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells. Protease activity was quantitated by the hydrolysis of p-nitroaniline from the substrate, N- benzoyl-phenylalanyl-valyl-arginyl-p-nitroanilide and by degradation of the procoagulant activity of added purified plasma FVIII/vWF protein. In the absence of endothelial cells, no protease activity was present in protease-free culture medium whether or not it had previously overlaid cultured cells. This medium did not cause cleavage of p- nitroaniline from the tripeptide substrate, and 83% of added FVIII procoagulant activity remained after 48 hr. When the synthetic tripeptide was incubated in contact with cultured endothelial cells, 7.3 +/- 0.8 X 10(-10) moles of p-nitroaniline/hr was released; moreover, only 47% of the added FVIII procoagulant activity remained after 48 hr. Given this rate of destruction, it can be calculated that sufficient protease activity exists on the surface of cultured endothelial cells to degrade the procoagulant activity of approximately 1.6 microgram FVIII/vWF protein/hr. This degradation rate is 45 times the rate of release of FVIII/vWF protein from cultured endothelial cells when assessed by the generation of protein with vWF activity. Hence, the detection of FVIII procoagulant activity, if in fact synthesized by cultured endothelial cells, will be most difficult.
An Introduction to the Psychopharmacology of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder

TOPIC Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Psychopharmacology can play an important role within an array of services to help children and adolescents with ASD. PURPOSE This article reviews the current evidence supporting the use of various psychiatric medications to treat common symptoms that often compromise functioning: severe irritability, interfering repetitive behaviors, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and sleep dysregulation. Based on the accumulating research, the article also offers practice recommendations. SOURCES The article primarily draws on the science generated by investigators from the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. This body of work consists of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, open trials, and review articles. CONCLUSIONS There are currently no FDA-approved medications to treat the core symptoms of ASD. Consequently, all medications, besides risperidone and aripiprazole for severe irritability, are considered off-label. Additionally, due to reduced levels of effectiveness and higher rates of side effects, more typical medications such as antidepressants and stimulants should be used with caution. However, the evidence indicates that the thoughtful use of psychiatric medication in conjunction with other interventions may be beneficial in helping children and adolescents with ASD thrive at school and home.
Long-term outcome of patients with obstructive uropathy.

The effects of obstruction on renal development and the pathophysiology of acute and chronic obstruction in the fully developed kidney are summarized in order to provide the proper anatomic and physiologic framework for a discussion of our current knowledge of the long-term outcome of children with obstructive uropathy. The article also examines some of the mechanisms that may be responsible for deterioration of renal function despite satisfactory relief of obstruction.
Mechanism of occurrence of secondary tumors by antitumor drugs

Due to the innovations in various aspects of cancer therapy, the time has come when more than half of cancer patients survive 5 years. However, secondary cancer, especially leukemias arising among the survivors and threatening their lives, has become a serious problem. In the present paper I focus on chemotherapeutics, especially DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors such as etoposide and adriamycin, presumed to be the causative agents, and their mode of intervention in the catalytic action of this enzyme. I describe the molecular basis of chromosomal translocations inherent in therapy-related secondary leukemias, and present a hypothesis for the molecular mechanism underlying the occurrence of the disease; namely, that poison-type topoisomerase II inhibitors stabilize the reaction intermediate covalent enzyme-DNA cleavage complexes, called "cleavable complexes," which in turn trigger the mobilization of various DNA damage repair and recombination systems to cope with the damage. The recombinant which acquires a growth advantage over others then overproliferates to become the leukemogenic population.
High-performance 0.1 [micro sign]m gate-length Ge/Sio0.4Ge0.6 p-channel MODFETs

Results are reported of high-transconductance p-channel MODFETs fabricated on Ge/Sio0.4Ge0.6 strained-layer heterostructures grown by UHV-CVD. Devices with 0.1 mm gate length were fabricated on compressively-strained pure-Ge channels with a Hall mobility of 1750 cm2/Vs (30900 cm2/Vs) at room temperature (T = 77 K). These devices displayed room-temperature peak extrinsic transconductances as high as 317 mS/mm, at Vds = –0.6 V, while the output conductance under the same bias conditions was only 18 mS/mm, corresponding to a maximum voltage gain of 18. At T=77 K, peak extrinsic transconductances as high as 622 mS/mm were obtained at bias voltages as low as Vds = –0.2 V. To our knowledge, the 77 K transconductance is the highest ever reported for a p-type field effect transistor.
Rethinking offloading WiFi access point deployment from user perspective

WiFi offloading has been exploited as a quick and viable solution to decrease the burden on cellular networks. In this paper, we study the problem of deploying new WiFi access points (AP) in a city-wide area for offloading purposes. Different than previous work which look at the problem only from operator's perspective and targets the maximization of offloaded traffic volume, we approach the problem by integrating the user perspective as well. We propose a new AP deployment scheme that aims to increase average individual user satisfaction while still achieving high offloaded total data traffic volume from all users. As the simulation results demonstrate, the proposed approach can achieve more user level satisfaction compared to other algorithms that only target offloaded traffic maximization while keeping operator's benefit from offloading close to others.
A Paired-Laser Photogrammetric Method for In Situ Length Measurement of Benthic Fishes

AbstractPhotogrammetry, a technique to obtain measurements from photographs, may be a valid method for measuring lengths of rare, threatened, or endangered species. Photogrammetric methods of measurement are nonintrusive and reduce the possibility of physical damage or physiological stress associated with the capture and handling of individuals. We evaluated precision and accuracy of photogrammetric length measurements relative to board measurements of Greenside Darters Etheostoma blennioides and Variegate Darters E. variatum in an aquarium and applied photogrammetry in a field study of the Diamond Darter Crystallaria cincotta, a federally listed endangered species. Digital photographs were taken of each individual using a waterproof camera equipped with two parallel lasers. Photogrammetric length measurements were digitized with ImageJ software. Agreement between board and photogrammetric measurements were high for Greenside and Variegate darters. The magnitude of differences was small between direct and...
Corrosivity Sensor for Exposed Pipelines Based on Wireless Energy Transfer

External corrosion was identified as one of the main causes of pipeline failures worldwide. A solution that addresses the issue of detecting and quantifying corrosivity of environment for application to existing exposed pipelines has been developed. It consists of a sensing array made of an assembly of thin strips of pipeline steel and a circuit that provides a visual sensor reading to the operator. The proposed sensor is passive and does not require a constant power supply. Circuit design was validated through simulations and lab experiments. Accelerated corrosion experiment was conducted to confirm the feasibility of the proposed corrosivity sensor design.
Candidates and campaigns: How they alter election forecasts

Abstract We know that candidates and campaigns matter in democratic elections, but that knowledge may not be readily observed in most structural models of national election forecasting. For one, these models virtually never include direct, explicit candidate-related campaign variables as predictors. At most, these candidate/campaign variables are picked up indirectly, usually in polling measures, such as vote intention. For another, the models often manage accurate, ex ante forecasts of US presidential election results, even without the obvious pr​esence of such variables. In this effort, we aim to overcome this paradox by including more direct candidate and campaign measures in a long-standing structural equation model of presidential election forecasting, namely the Political Economy model. We find that inclusions of these candidate and campaign variables do improve the theoretical specification and the statistical performance of the model, and do yield generally more accurate forecasts. However, at least for the test case of the 2016 contest, that increased precision failed to substantively alter the Clinton popular vote forecast.
Intravesical Growth of Murine Bladder Tumors Assessed by Transrectal Ultrasound

Experimental studies in the therapy of intravesically growing bladder tumors in mice have been hampered by an inability to monitor tumor growth before and during treatment. To establish a repeatable, noninvasive method to monitor the intravesical growth of bladder tumors, MB49 murine bladder tumor cells were instilled into the bladders of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Following 3 weeks of growth, the bladders of tumor-bearing and control mice were imaged using a 20 mHz, 6.2 F catheter-based ultrasound transducer inserted rectally. Bladders of tumor implanted and control mice were identified by high resolution endoluminal ultrasound after distension with 0.15 ml. of normal saline. When compared with the results of histologic analysis, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) accurately identified tumor presence, size, and location.
Radial Potentials and the Hydrogen Atom

If V is any radial function on \({\mathbb{R}}^{3}\), let \(\hat{H} = -({\hslash }^{2}/(2m))\Delta + V\) be the corresponding Hamiltonian operator, acting on \({L}^{2}({\mathbb{R}}^{3}).\) We will look for solutions to the time-independent Schrodinger equation \(\hat{H}\psi = E\psi\) of the form \(\psi (\mathbf{x}) = p(\mathbf{x})f(\left \vert \mathbf{x}\right\vert ),\) where f is a smooth function on (0,∞) and p is a harmonic polynomial on \({\mathbb{R}}^{3}\) that is homogeneous of degree l.
Cache Replacement Policies for Multicore Processors

Almost all of the modern computers use multiple cores, and the number of cores is expected to increase as hardware prices go down, and Moore's law fails to hold. Most of the theoretical algorithmic work so far has focused on the setting where multiple cores are performing the same task. Indeed, one is tempted to assume that when the cores are independent then the current design performs well. This work infirms this assumption by showing that even when the cores run completely independent tasks, there exist dependencies arising from running on the same chip, and using the same cache. These dependencies cause the standard caching algorithms to underperform. To address the new challenge, we revisit some aspects of the classical caching design. More specifically, we focus on the page replacement policy of the first cache shared between all the cores (usually the L2 cache). We make the simplifying assumption that since the cores are running independent tasks, they are accessing disjoint memory locations (in particular this means that maintaining coherency is not an issue). We show, that even under this simplifying assumption, the multicore case is fundamentally different then the single core case. In particular 1. LRU performs poorly, even with resource augmentation. 2. The offline version of the caching problem is NP complete. Any attempt to design an efficient cache for a multicore machine in which the cores may access the same memory has to perform well also in this simpler setting. We provide some intuition to what an efficient solution could look like, by 1. Partly characterizing the offline solution, showing that it is determined by the part of the cache which is devoted to each core at every timestep. 2. Presenting a PTAS for the offline problem, for some range of the parameters. In the recent years, multicore caching was the subject of extensive experimental research. The conclusions of some of these works are that LRU is inefficient in practice. The heuristics which they propose to replace it are based on dividing the cache between cores, and handling each part independently. Our work can be seen as a theoretical explanation to the results of these experiments.
Optimal Systolic Blood Pressure Goals after Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy for Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes (P5.213)

Objective: This study aimed to determine the optimal systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) that were treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Background: There is a paucity of data regarding optimal hemodynamic control in the first 24 hours after successful MT in patients with AIS and LVO. Emerging evidence has recently suggested that higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) goals in this setting are associated with worse outcomes. We aimed to determine the optimal systolic blood pressure goal to guide clinical care of these patients. Design/Methods: Consecutive patients with AIS and LVO who underwent successful MT (TICI 2a or better) between 1/12015 and 7/1/17 were retrospectively studied. Information was obtained from the medical record including post-MT SBP goal in the first 24 hours, discharge modified Rankin scale (mRs), incidence of symptomatic hemorrhagic conversion and mortality. Results: A total of 137 patients were included and divided into 3 groups based on post-MT SBP goals: Conclusions: A goal SBP of Disclosure: Dr. Inamullah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rahman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sherill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rahman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Swisher has nothing to disclose.
Association Between State Laws Facilitating Pharmacy Distribution of Naloxone and Risk of Fatal Overdose.

Importance Given high rates of opioid-related fatal overdoses, improving naloxone access has become a priority. States have implemented different types of naloxone access laws (NALs) and there is controversy over which of these policies, if any, can curb overdose deaths. We hypothesize that NALs granting direct authority to pharmacists to provide naloxone will have the greatest potential for reducing fatal overdoses. Objectives To identify which types of NALs, if any, are associated with reductions in fatal overdoses involving opioids and examine possible implications for nonfatal overdoses. Design, Setting, and Participants State-level changes in both fatal and nonfatal overdoses from 2005 to 2016 were examined across the 50 states and the District of Columbia after adoption of NALs using a difference-in-differences approach while estimating the magnitude of the association for each year relative to time of adoption. Policy environments across full state populations were represented in the primary data set. The association for 3 types of NALs was associated: NALs providing direct authority to pharmacists to prescribe, NALs providing indirect authority to prescribe, and other NALs. The study was conducted from January 2017 to January 2019. Exposures Fatal and nonfatal overdoses in states that adopted NAL laws were compared with those in states that did not adopt NAL laws. Further consideration was given to the type of NAL passed in terms of its association with these outcomes. We hypothesize that NALs granting direct authority to pharmacists to provide naloxone will have the greatest potential for reducing fatal overdoses. Main Outcomes and Measures Fatal overdoses involving opioids were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were nonfatal overdoses resulting in emergency department visits and Medicaid naloxone prescriptions. Results In this evaluation of the dispensing of naloxone across the United States, NALs granting direct authority to pharmacists were associated with significant reductions in fatal overdoses, but they may also increase nonfatal overdoses seen in emergency department visits. The effect sizes for fatal overdoses grew over time relative to adoption of the NALs. These policies were estimated to reduce opioid-rated fatal overdoses by 0.387 (95% CI, 0.119-0.656;P = .007) per 100 000 people in 3 or more years after adoption. There was little evidence of an association for indirect authority to dispense (increase by 0.121; 95% CI, −0.014 to 0.257;P = .09) and other NALs (increase by 0.094; 95% CI, −0.040 to 0.227;P = .17). Conclusions and Relevance Although many states have passed some type of law affecting naloxone availability, only laws allowing direct dispensing by pharmacists appear to be useful. Communities in which access to naloxone is improved should prepare for increases in nonfatal overdoses and link these individuals to effective treatment.
Blind Compensation of Angle Jitter for Satellite-Based Ground-Imaging Lidar

Space-based ground-imaging lidar has become increasingly feasible with recent technological advances. Compact fiber-optic lasers and single-photon-sensitive Geiger-mode detector arrays push designs toward low pulse energies and high pulse rates. A challenge in implementing such a system is imperfect pointing knowledge caused by angular jitter, exacerbated by long distances between satellite and ground. Without mitigation, angular jitter would cause significant blurring of the 3-D data products. Reducing the error in pointing knowledge to avoid such problems might require extreme mechanical isolation, advanced inertial measurement units (IMUs), star trackers, or auxiliary passive optical sensors. These mitigations can increase cost and size, weight, and power considerably. An alternative approach is demonstrated, in which the two-axis jitter time series is estimated using only the lidar data. Simultaneously, a single-surface model of the ground is estimated as nuisance parameters. Expectation–maximization is used to separate signal and background detections while maximizing the joint posterior probability density of the jitter and surface states. The resulting estimated jitter, when used in coincidence processing or image reconstruction, can reduce the blurring effect of jitter to an amount comparable to the optical diffraction limit.
Sex Differences in Mortality from COVID-19 Pandemic: Are Men Vulnerable and Women Protected?

Abstract Sex-disaggregated data are important for reducing health inequities in medicine. Global data suggest that there is a sex difference in mortality from the 2019 novel coronavirus disease. In this report, we explore plausible reasons for this sex difference, including the contribution of underlying cardiovascular risk factors, high-risk behaviors, immune response, and biological differences between men and women. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.)
Gravitational waveforms of binary neutron star inspirals using post-Newtonian tidal splicing

The tidal deformations of neutron stars within an inspiraling compact binary alter the orbital dynamics, imprinting a signature on the gravitational wave signal. Modeling this signal could be done with numerical-relativity simulations, but these are too computationally expensive for many applications. Analytic post-Newtonian treatments are limited by unknown higher-order nontidal terms. This paper further builds upon the ``tidal splicing'' model in which post-Newtonian tidal terms are ``spliced'' onto numerical relativity simulations of black-hole binaries. We improve on previous treatments of tidal splicing by including spherical harmonic modes beyond the (2,2) mode, expanding the post-Newtonian expressions for tidal effects to 2.5 order, including dynamical tide corrections, and adding a partial treatment of the spin-tidal dynamics. Furthermore, instead of numerical relativity simulations, we use the spin-aligned binary black hole (BBH) surrogate model ``NRHybSur3dq8'' to provide the BBH waveforms that are input into the tidal slicing procedure. This allows us to construct spin-aligned, inspiraling TaylorT2 and TaylorT4 splicing waveform models that can be evaluated quickly. These models are tested against existing binary neutron star and black hole--neutron star simulations. We implement the TaylorT2 splicing model as an extension to ``NRHybSur3dq8,'' creating a model that we call ``NRHybSur3dq8Tidal.''
Trochanteric osteotomy in revision total hip arthroplasty

Trochanteric osteotomy is a technique that allows expanded exposure and access to the femoral canal and acetabulum for a number of indications.There has been renewed interest in variants of this technique, including the trochanteric slide osteotomy (TSO), extended trochanter osteotomy (ETO), and the transfemoral approach, for both septic and aseptic revision total hip arthroplasty (THA).Osteotomy fixation is crucial for achieving union, and wire and cable-plate systems are the most common techniques.TSO involves the creation of a greater trochanter fragment with preserved abductor attachment proximally and vastus lateralis attachment distally.This technique may be particularly useful in the setting of abductor deficiency or when augmented acetabular exposure is needed.ETO is a posterior-laterally based extensile approach that has been successfully utilized for aseptic and septic indications; most series report a greater than 90% rate of union.The transfemoral approach, as known as the Wagner osteotomy, is an extensile femoral approach and is more anterior-based than the alternate posterior-based ETO. It may be particularly useful for anterior-based approaches and anterior femoral remodelling; rates of union after this approach in most reports have been close to 100%. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:477-485. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190063.
Is Turf Really a Better Way to Prevent Concussions

Chicago sports fans are well aware of the complaints that Bears players and opponents have made over the years about the grass conditions at Soldier Field, responsibility for which is some split between the owners of the field (the Chicago Park District) and its tenant (the Chicago Bears).
Linear regression with partially mismatched data: local search with theoretical guarantees

Linear regression is a fundamental modeling tool in statistics and related fields. In this paper, we study an important variant of linear regression in which the predictor-response pairs are partially mismatched. We use an optimization formulation to simultaneously learn the underlying regression coefficients and the permutation corresponding to the mismatches. The combinatorial structure of the problem leads to computational challenges. We propose and study a simple greedy local search algorithm for this optimization problem that enjoys strong theoretical guarantees and appealing computational performance. We prove that under a suitable scaling of the number of mismatched pairs compared to the number of samples and features, and certain assumptions on problem data; our local search algorithm converges to a nearly-optimal solution at a linear rate. In particular, in the noiseless case, our algorithm converges to the global optimal solution with a linear convergence rate. We also propose an approximate local search step that allows us to scale our approach to much larger instances. We conduct numerical experiments to gather further insights into our theoretical results and show promising performance gains compared to existing approaches.
Psychological wellness and self-care: an ethical and professional imperative

Psychologists, as well as other mental health professionals, face unique demands in the workplace that create increased risk for burnout. This article discusses burnout prevalence and detection, in...
Comments of Some Aspects of the Localization and Interaction Problem

This contribution has four sections: 1. Review of current status of localization with interactions 2. Conjectures about Phosphorous-doped Silicon 3. Comments about the inelastic scattering effect in localization 4. Magnetoresistance in disordered 2D superconductors
Which tool is Right for the Job? Agricultural Pricing Policies for Large Developing Countries

Less developed countries typically have at their disposal a limited choice of tax policy instruments. The taxation of agriculture is no exception. Recognizing the administrative infeasibility of many domestic taxes in LDCs, this paper focuses on direct price setting and border taxes. The paper investigates the equivalence of different types of tax instruments and shows how the choice of policy tools interacts with the government's objectives. We anallyze optimal policies and policy reform for a dual economy that is large in international markets. Address. Professor James Levinsohn, Department of Economics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, -MI, .USA 48109-1220. Internet: JimLevinsohn@ub.cc.umich.edu; Prof. Marie Thursby,. Departmnent of Economics, Krannert Graduate School of Maagement, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Which Tool Is Right For the Job? Agricultural Pricing Policies For Large Developing Countries James Levinsohn University of Michigan and Marie Thursby Purdue University and NBER
Motivating Discounts: Price Motivated Reasoning

The behavioral implications of large discounts have been viewed from two opposing perspectives. From an attribution perspective, a large discount signals low quality and decreases the overall appeal of the product, but from a motivational account, a large discount seems attractive and increases the overall appeal of the product. We demonstrate the existence of both accounts, and suggest that the motivated reasoning account triumphs when the intrinsic attraction is high enough. We thus suggest that given the overwhelming amount of uncertainty in product fit and consumption benefits, consumers' beliefs regarding the reason for a discount may depend on their motivational states. On a theoretical level, the current work is amongst the first to use psychological theories to propose some structure for the belief formation processes in price signaling models.
Effect of Dietary Fat on Tumorigenesis in the Mouse Mammary Gland

The effects of dietary polyunsaturated fat in BALB/c mice were determined for several stages of mammary tumorigenesis: a) growth of intact and transplanted normal mammary tissue, b) growth of hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN) lines D1/ UCD and Z5C1 , c) incidence of tumors occurring in D1/ UCD , and d) growth rate of the tumors. Growth of transplanted normal mammary epithelium as well as intact glands was faster in mice fed a 10% corn oil (CO) diet, which contains linoleate, than in those fed 10% hydrogenated cottonseed oil ( HCTO ), a diet free of the polyunsaturated fatty acid. We concluded that transplantation itself does not alter the response of mammary tissue to dietary fat. The growth of both HAN lines was unchanged by the presence of CO in the diet. For ascertainment as to whether the difference in response was specific to the tissue, ducts and HAN line D1/ UCD were transplanted into left and right gland-free fat pads of the same mice. The duct tissue grew faster when the hosts were fed the 10% CO diet than in the hosts fed the 10% HCTO diet; however, no effect of dietary fat was noted with the HAN. Although indomethacin retarded the growth of normal tissue in the mice fed CO diet, this prostaglandin inhibitor had no effect on the growth of the HAN transplants. Both incidence and growth rate of tumors arising from transplants of HAN line D1/ UCD were greater in mice fed diets containing either 0.3, 1, or 10% CO than in those fed 10% HCTO . The smaller number of tumors arising in mice fed with 10% HCTO diet may be the result of the slower growth rate of the neoplasms in mice fed diets devoid of linoleate.
The Association of Balance Capacity and Falls Self-Efficacy With History of Falling in Community-Dwelling People With Chronic Stroke

Abstract Belgen B, Beninato M, Sullivan PE, Narielwalla K. The association of balance capacity and falls self-efficacy with history of falling in community-dwelling people with chronic stroke. Objectives To describe the frequency of falls; to relate capacity-based and self-efficacy measures to fall history; and to determine to what extent capacity-based and self-efficacy measures are explained by subject characteristics and stroke impairments. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Community. Participants Convenience sample of 50 people with chronic stroke. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Fall history, Falls Efficacy Scale–Swedish Version, fear of falling, and the mood subscore of the Stroke Impact Scale. Balance, strength, and functional mobility were measured using the Berg Balance Scale, timed sit to stand, and Timed Up & Go, respectively. Results Falls were reported by 40% (n=20) of subjects; 22% (n=11) reported multiple falls. Subjects with fall history had more fear of falling (relative risk [RR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1−4.9), had less falls-related self-efficacy ( P =.04), and more depressive symptoms ( P =.02) than nonfallers. Subjects with multiple fall history had poorer balance ( P =.02), more fear of falling (RR=5.6; 95% CI, 1.3−23), and used a greater number of medications ( P =.04) than non- and 1-time fallers. Strength partially explained balance, mobility, and falls-related self-efficacy. Conclusions Balance and falls-related self-efficacy are associated with fall history and should be addressed in people with chronic stroke.
Reduction in diabetes-induced craniofacial defects by maternal immune stimulation.

BACKGROUND: Maternal diabetes can induce a number of developmental abnormalities in laboratory animals and humans, including facial deformities and defects in neural tube closure. The incidence of birth defects in newborns of diabetic women is approximately 3–5 times higher than among non-diabetics. In mice, non-specific activation of the maternal immune system can reduce fetal abnormalities caused by diverse etiologies, including diabetes induced neural tube defects. This study was conducted to determine whether non-specific maternal immune stimulation could reduce diabetes-induced craniofacial defects as well. METHODS: Maternal immune function was stimulated before streptozocin (STZ) treatment by maternal footpad injection with Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA), maternal intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or maternal i.p. injection with interferon-g (IFNg). Streptozocin (200mg/kg i.p.) was used to induce hyperglycemia (26–35mmol blood glucose) in female ICR mice before breeding. Fetuses from 12–18 litters per treatment group, were collected at Day 17 of gestation. RESULTS: Craniofacial defects were observed in fetuses from all hyperglycemic groups. The incidence of defects was significantly decreased in fetuses from dams immune stimulated with IFNg or GM-CSF. The most common defects were reduced maxillary and mandibular lengths. Both were prevented by maternal stimulation with GM-CSF. CONCLUSION: Maternal immune stimulation reduced the incidence of diabetic craniofacial embryopathy. The mechanisms for these protective effects are unknown but may involve maternal or fetal production of cytokines or growth factors that protect the fetus from the dysregulatory effects of hyperglycemia. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 77:1–9, 2006. r 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.