cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of harvest intensity, site preparation, and herbicide use on soil nitrogen transformations in a young loblolly pine plantation

Abstract The interactive effects of harvest intensity (whole-tree vs. stem-only), site preparation (chop and burn vs. shear-pile-disk), and silvicultural treatment (herbicide-pesticide vs. none) on N pools and transformations were determined in a young loblolly pine plantation on the North Carolina Piedmont. Harvest intensity had little effect on N transformations in years 3–5 post establishment, but shear-pile-disk site preparation and especially herbicide treatment caused increased net N mineralization and nitrification in the treated plots. Laboratory experiments with 15N label yielded reduced rates of N immobilization in the herbicide treated plots, demonstrating long-term consequences of treatment for soil N transformations.
Interactionist Labeling Formal and Informal Labeling’s Effects on Juvenile Delinquency

This article critically reviews prior labeling theory research concerning juvenile delinquency and crime, and proposes a new study using a recent data set. The labeling perspective is outlined as it was originally presented, and the theoretical elaborations that have taken place since are highlighted. Distinctions are made between formally applied criminal justice labels and the informal labels that are applied by educational institutions, significant others, and parental figures. An interactionist labeling model is presented to explain levels of juvenile delinquency among a nationally representative sample of American adolescents: the first three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Finally, negative binomial regression models are estimated to better explain the dynamic relationship between labels and delinquency. Consistent with labeling theory, formal labeling significantly increased future delinquency.
The use of multispectral imaging to distinguish reactive urothelium from neoplastic urothelium.

Context: The interpretation of urothelial atypia in a setting of chronic inflammation and reactive changes can prove difficult with small biopsies. Limited recuts lessen the efficacy of ancillary studies such as CK20, P53 and CD44 in these instances. Objective: To evaluate a triple-immunostain with the assistance of multispectral microscopy. Design: Fifty-three bladder biopsies with previous diagnosis of benign/reactive, dysplastic, carcinoma in situ or carcinoma were prepared using a triple-immunostain cocktail consisting of CK20, P53 and CD44. Three control stains were used for the purpose of creating a spectral library for the Nuance CRI Flex microscopy system. All specimens were interpreted by light microscopy, processed with the Nuance 2.71 software, and CK20 and P53 were scored blinded to the case diagnoses. CD44 was not scored as it proved difficult to interpret in many cases. Results: The results demonstrated that it was possible to separate CK20, P53 and the counterstain that were co-localized in the biopsies. Separation of the stains demonstrated a correlation of p53 and CK20 dual expression in biopsies diagnosed as carcinoma. Low or undetectable levels of expression were seen in biopsies later diagnosed as reactive or benign. Conclusion: The combination of multispectral microscopy and multiple immunostain cocktails form a powerful and useful tool for the interpretation of small biopsies with faint or difficult to interpret staining and for cases with limited material such as small-bladder biopsies.
Investigation of Filiform Corrosion of Epoxy-Coated 1045 Carbon Steel by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy

The mechanism for filiform corrosion (FFC) is thought to involve oxygen diffusion through the tail to the active head. The primary cathodic region is near the back of the head (at the head/tail boundary), where oxygen concentration is higher, and the primary anodic region is at the front edge of the head of the filament. Although there is experimental support for this mechanism, a high-resolution description of the FFC process has not been presented. The aim of this study was to provide detailed information about the mechanism of FFC on coated steel using the high spatial resolution of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. Segments of active filaments were successfully investigated through 150 and 300 nm thin epoxy coatings in air of 93% relative humidity. Volta potential and topographic maps showed separation of active anodes and cathodes in the head and revealed the presence of voids associated with delamination of the coating along the edge of the tail. The morphology of filaments and Volta potential distributions were strongly dependent on the film thickness. Differences in growth characteristics were explained by mass transport considerations.
Scintillation reduction in multi-Gaussian Schell-model beams propagating in atmospheric turbulence

The recently introduced class of Multi-Gaussian Schell-model [MGSM] beams is investigated via simulations and experiments with regards to its intensity fluctuations on propagation in atmospheric turbulence. The results indicate that the scintillation index of the MGSM beam is reduced for high values of the summation index, in agreement with previous theoretical results.
Adjustment of suboptimally placed lumbar pedicle screws decreases pullout strength and alters biomechanics of the construct: a pilot cadaveric study.

Background Lumbar pedicle screws are placed for internal fixation and help to enhance bony fusion. Optimal screws are medially directed, should be parallel or pointing to the superior endplate, and penetrate 50%–80% of the vertebral body. “Nonparallel” pedicle screws can be inadvertently placed within the confines of the pedicle and vertebral body but are sometimes replaced to obtain a more acceptable postoperative image. A nonparallel (suboptimal) screw is one that is located within the pedicle and body and does not violate bone; however, it is not parallel to the superior endplate. These “cored-out” grooves left in the bone from the initial tap and screw placement may compromise the integrity of the bone and the construct. Methods Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans and L4-5 laminectomies were performed on 6 fresh-frozen cadaveric lumbar spines. We placed 2 optimal pedicle screws in L4, 1 optimal screw in L5, and 1 suboptimal screw in L5 (construct A). Axial rotation, flexion/extension, and lateral bending were tested. The suboptimal screw was repositioned in an optimal trajectory and retested (construct B). Pullout strength was performed on optimal and revised L5 pedicle screws. Results The mean axial rotation stiffness was 1.31 N-m/degrees ± 0.22 in construct A and 1.19 N-m/degrees ± 0.17 in construct B (P = 0.023; 95% CI [CI], 0.20–0.02). The mean lateral bending stiffness was 0.015 N/mm ± 0.002 in construct A and 0.016 N/mm ± 0.002 in construct B (P = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.0008–0.001). The mean flexion/extension stiffness was 0.0139 N/mm ± 0.002 in construct A and 0.0126 N/mm ± 0.002 in construct B (P = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.002–0.0004). Axial rotation and flexion/extension stiffness were significantly different between the 2 groups. The mean pullout strength was significantly higher in the nonrevised parallel screw group compared with the reimplanted parallel screw group (906.93 N ± 271.17 vs. 608.32 N ±207.23, P = 0.031). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry imaging demonstrated 4 osteopenic and 2 osteoporotic specimens, although differences in bone mineral density did not play a significant role in assessing either the biomechanical parameters or the pullout strength. Conclusions Great care is warranted in the initial placement of lumbar pedicle screws. Revising a nonparallel screw placement decreases pullout strength and alters biomechanical movements (axial rotation and flexion/extension) in patients with decreased bone mineral density. If a screw is inadvertently placed nonparallel to the endplate but is within the confines of the pedicle and vertebral body with adequate bone purchase, it should not be revised and rather be left in its place.
Partner similarity mediates interpersonal anxiety

Socially anxious and nonanxious college students provided detailed personal information and were led to believe that they would soon interact with a person of the opposite sex who was either similar or dissimilar to them in terms of background, experience, and other attributes. In accord with the social psychological literature, nonanxious students greatly preferred similar to dissimilar partners. Socially anxious students showed no difference between their ratings of similar and dissimilar partners and assigned much less extreme ratings to both partners than did nonanxious subjects. Subjects' predictions about partners' likely anxiety and how partners would evaluate subjects' anxiety also differed according to subjects' anxiety levels, but these differences did not parallel attraction scores. Results are compared with other research on social anxiety and contrasted to past research on social anxiety, attitude similarity, and attraction. Directions for future research are addressed, and questions about the validity of the thought-listing technique are discussed.
Raman spectroscopic studies of electrochromic a-WO3

We report on the eAect of electrochromic coloration on the Raman spectra of evaporated and sputtered a-WO3ˇy films. The Raman spectra of as-deposited films show two strong peaks at 770 and 950 cm ˇ1 due to vibrations of the W 6+ ‐O and W 6+ .O bonds, respectively, and a weaker peak at 220 cm ˇ1 that we attribute to the vibrations of the W 4+ ‐O bonds. When lithium or hydrogen ions are inserted, extra Raman peaks due to W 5+ ‐O and W 5+ .O bonds appear at 330 and 450 cm ˇ1 , respectively. Comparison of the Raman spectra of sputtered a-W 16 O3ˇy and aW 18 O3ˇy isotopic films confirms these assignments. We conclude that the as-deposited films contain mainly the W 4+ and W 6+ states, and the W 5+ states are generated as a result of reduction of the W 6+ states when ions are inserted. We propose that the electrochromism in a-WO3ˇy films originates from reduction of the W 6+ states to W 5+ due to the double insertion/extraction of ions and electrons and the optical absorption in the colored films is caused by transitions between the W 6+ and W 5+ , and W 5+ and W 4+ states. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Devoured by our own children: the possibility and peril of moral status enhancement

Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu1 warn of our destruction by the cognitively enhanced beings we create. Now, in a fascinating paper, Nicholas Agar2 warns of an even more disturbing prospect: cognitively enhanced beings may be entitled to sacrifice us for their own ends. These post-humans would likely conclude that they had higher moral status than we mere human beings, and we would have good reason to defer to their vastly superior moral knowledge. We would lack even the consolation of moral complaint. I will question both these claims: that we would have good reason to accept the conclusion of cognitively enhanced beings that they had superior moral status, and that they would be likely to reach such a conclusion (in good faith). I will also question whether, if they were to have higher moral status, it would be wrong to create them, because it would be wrong to create beings with such costly needs. Agar argues that moral truths, including those about moral status, are like mathematical truths in eventually yielding to expert reasoning. This belief in moral enlightenment is extreme even for a moral realist. Michael Smith,3 whom Agar cites, merely adduces the gradual consensus that has emerged about issues that were once the subject of seemingly intractable disagreement: slavery, workers’ and women's rights and democracy. One may agree with Smith about slow, halting, moral progress, …
Complementary and alternative therapies in critical care

This is a time of fascinating transformation in the field of health care. Interest in and use of complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) is increasing at a dramatic rate in both the public and in health care institutions. This has important ramifications for critical care nursing. Critical care nurses are faced with patient and family demands for these therapies in critical care. Many CAT are being administered to critically ill patients in intensive care units and private nursing practices across the United States and Canada. So common is the use of some CAT that they are becoming part of mainstream nursing practice. Other therapies have promise but have not yet made their way into the mainstream. Critical care nurses are expressing interest in knowing more about CAT and are exploring opportunities to use them to the benefit of their patients. Despite these trends in interest and use, there are perceived barriers to the use of CAT for patients in critical care, and caution is indicated in the application of CAT for patients who are critically ill or who are receiving intensive pharmacologic therapy or other intensive life-saving interventions in the context of critical care. Many resources are available that describe how to implement the more common CAT with persons in a general sense. This issue of the Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America focuses on the use of CAT in critical care, providing an overview of CAT with particular emphasis on salient issues for their use with critically ill patients and their families. It also presents the results of a national survey describing nurses’ use of CAT in critical care and describes the personal use of CAT by critical care nurses.
Estrogen receptors colocalize with low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain.

Abstract The rodent and primate basal forebrain is a target of a family of endogenous peptide signaling molecules, the neurotrophins--nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3--and of the gonadal steroid hormone estrogen, both of which have been implicated in cholinergic function. To investigate whether or not these ligands may act on the same neurons in the developing and adult rodent basal forebrain, we combined autoradiography with 125I-labeled estrogen and either nonisotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry or immunohistochemistry. We now report colocalization of intranuclear estrogen binding sites with the mRNA and immunoreactive protein for the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor, which binds all three neurotrophins, and for the cholinergic marker enzyme choline acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6). Colocalization of estrogen and low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors implies that their ligands may act on the same neuron, perhaps synergistically, to regulate the expression of specific genes or gene networks that may influence neuronal survival, differentiation, regeneration, and plasticity. That cholinergic neurons in brain regions subserving cognitive functions may be regulated not only by the neurotrophins but also by estrogen may have considerable relevance for the development and maintenance of neural substrates of cognition. If estrogen-neurotrophin interactions are important for survival of target neurons, then clinical conditions associated with estrogen deficiency could contribute to the atrophy or death of these neurons. These findings have implications for the subsequent decline in those differentiated neural functions associated with aging and Alzheimer disease.
Women and Feminism in Technical Communication: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Journal Articles Published in 1989 through 1997.

This qualitative content analysis identifies 40 articles about women and feminism published in five technical communication journals in a period of nine years, beginning with the publication of Mary Lay's award-winning “Interpersonal Conflict in Collaborative Writing” in 1989. Along with numeric trends about the frequency of articles about women and feminism in technical communication journals, this study also identifies major themes, all of which concern inclusion: through eliminating sexist language, providing equal opportunity in the workplace, valuing gender differences, recovering women's historical contributions to technical communication, and critiquing previously uncontested terms and concepts. The study concludes that although research about women and feminism has been accepted as part of the scholarly purview of technical communication, the ways in which this research has influenced workplace or classroom practice are unclear.
Passive optics no-moving-parts barcode scanners

For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, passive optics no-moving-parts barcode or one-dimensional (1-D) data scanners are reported. The proposed scanners are based on high-speed wavelength selection coupled with a planar wavelength dispersive element (such as a diffraction grating) to produce 1-D spatially scanned beams. The electronically controlled wavelength-encoded beam positioning allows for high-speed barcode or 1-D data handling operations. The demonstrated no-moving-parts barcode scanner designed to operate in the 1550-nm band exhibits high (>25 dB) dynamic range, high angular as well as linear scan resolution, eye-safe operation, and attests to the simplicity and functionality of the proposed scanners for use in barcode reading.
Training in Counseling Psychology 1985 Data and Trends

This article reports the results of the 1985 survey of the Council of Counseling Psychology Training Programs that analyzed responses received from 49 of 59 training directors (83%o) of doctoral counseling psychology programs. The survey requested information about five major areas: admissions and financial assistance, practica and internships, job placements, program faculty and administration, and issues affecting training. Whenever possible, comparisons were made with 1982-1984 Council survey data. Among the findings were (1) women outnumber men in training programs, but there are more men graduating; (2) college counseling centers are by far the most popular practicum training sites, whereas Veterans Administration hospitals and college counseling centers are the most popular internship sites; (3) there appears to be a continued increase in initial employment in community mental health and private practice, as well as differential employment patterns by gender; and (4) unresolved issues, such as profe...
Role of dynamic grain boundary wetting in fluid circulation beneath volcanic arcs

[1] We report the influence of shear deformation on the microstructure of water-saturated olivine and clinopyroxene aggregates. Prior to deformation, the aqueous fluid was isolated in pockets along grain corners in the olivine-water aggregates, while it was interconnected by a network of grain-edge tubules in the clinopyroxene-water aggregate. During deformation of both types of aggregates, the aqueous fluid phase segregates into grain boundaries at an angle of ∼16° to the shear direction, inclined in a sense antithetic to the applied shear. Fluid-rich planes formed by such dynamic wetting of grain boundaries lead to the formation of high permeability paths in the matrix. In a deforming mantle, such high permeability paths will enhance the efficiency of aqueous fluid extraction from subducting slabs.
Recent Reflections on the Gospel according to Mark

This article is an invitation to each reader to reflect on our journey through life with an amazingly deep work like the Gospel of Mark. Mark puts a radical question to our vision of life, the kind...
Differences in modifiable feeding factors by overweight status in Latino infants.

Abstract Purpose Obesity prevalence remains disproportionally high for young American children from low-socioeconomic and ethnic minorities. Modifiable feeding factors may lead to infant overfeeding and an increased risk for obesity. This study explored differences in modifiable feeding factors by overweight status (>85% weight-for-length) in the first year of life of Latino infants. Methods Data were obtained from a cross-sectional pilot study of 62 low-income immigrant Latina mothers and their infants (ages 4–12 months). Measures included maternal feeding practices, feeding pattern, infant's 24-hour dietary recall, and maternal perception of infant weight. Chi-square and t-tests were used for comparisons between healthy weight and overweight infants. Results Birth weight z -scores did not significantly differ by weight status. Overweight status was not associated with maternal feeding practices, feeding pattern or infant dietary intake. A trend toward significance was seen in the maternal perception of infant weight. Conclusion Overweight infants were similar to healthy weight infants in their birth weight z -scores and supports the premise that modifiable feeding factors are in play and thus targeted early feeding interventions may prove effective in decreasing obesity risk in Latinos.
Characterization of the human corticotropin-releasing factor2(a) receptor promoter: regulation by glucocorticoids and the cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate pathway.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a neurotransmitter and hormone believed to integrate responses to stress. Evidence suggests central CRF systems are overactive in some individuals suffering from depression and anxiety disorders. CRF receptor antagonism blocks stress-induced endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral effects in animal models, and studies have implicated the CRF2 receptor in anxiety-related behaviors. Greater understanding of the regulation of CRF2 expression may facilitate understanding mechanisms underlying anxiety. The present studies are the first to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the human CRF2(a), the predominant CRF2 isoform in brain. Four kilobase pairs of sequence immediately upstream of the first exon of CRF2(a) represented our full-length promoter region. Sequentially smaller fragments of the CRF2(a) promoter region were generated by PCR and cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. Expression was monitored from these constructs within Chinese hamster ovary-...
Cross-Cultural Communication And Dimensions: A Hybrid Analysis Of Horizontal And Vertical Individualist And Collectivist Tendencies Among African American And European American Management Students

This article describes research about horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism (HVIC) among African American and European American university students. The survey is based on the work of Harry Triandis (1995), one of the seminal researchers of individualism and collectivism (I-C). The survey of attitude and scenario items, developed by Harry Triandis (1995), was administered to undergraduate management students in three universities in the Eastern and Southeastern United States. Many of the attitude and scenario survey items directly address preferred communication patterns. The findings are also interpreted in terms of situational preferences about I-C, including the following contexts: social events, workplace decisions, and group and work dynamics. The research is unique in that it measures four types of the I-C dimension: horizontal individualism, vertical individualism, horizontal collectivism, and vertical collectivism, as conceptualized by Triandis (1995). Furthermore, it emerges from the premise that cultures are neither strictly collectivist nor individualist; rather, cultures have profiles in which individualist tendencies are prominent in some circumstances whereas collectivist tendencies are emphasized in others. Also, this article provides findings that can easily be converted into training about cross-cultural similarities and differences. Related recommendations for future research and implications for teaching are provided.
Economic assessment of diclosulam and flumioxazin in strip- and conventional-tillage peanut

Abstract Experiments were conducted in Lewiston, NC, in 1999 and 2000 and Rocky Mount, NC, in 1999 to evaluate weed management systems in strip- and conventional-tillage peanut. The peanut cultivars grown were ‘NC 10C’, ‘NC 12C’, and ‘NC 7’, respectively. Weed management systems consisted of different combinations of preemergence (PRE) herbicides including diclosulam and flumioxazin plus commercial postemergence (POST) herbicide systems. Dimethenamid plus diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE controlled common lambsquarters, eclipta, and prickly sida at least 91%. Diclosulam and flumioxazin provided variable control of three Ipomoea species (59 to 91%) and bentazon plus acifluorfen POST provided > 90% control. Only diclosulam systems controlled yellow nutsedge 90% late season. Annual grass control required clethodim late POST, regardless of tillage system. Dimethenamid plus diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE produced equivalent yields and net returns with no significant differences between the two PRE options. Both sy...
Lateral Loading Analysis

Springs are often used to model the soil–pile interaction. These springs are known as Winkler springs. The skin friction of a pile can be represented using a series of springs. Lateral loads are exerted on piles due to wind, soil, and water. In such cases, lateral pile capacity needs to be designed to accommodate the loading. The deformation of piles due to lateral loading is normally limited to the upper part of the pile. Lateral pile deflection, 8 to 10 diameters below the ground level, is negligible in most cases. Piles that can carry heavy vertical loads may be very weak under lateral loads. The spring constant or the coefficient of subgrade reaction varies with the depth. In most cases, the coefficient of subgrade reaction increases with depth.
Federal Employee - Management Cooperation: E.O. 10988

The development of Federal labor unions presents many special problems for professional engineers. A brief outline is given of the background of the Federal labor movement and the events leading up to the issuance of Executive Order 10988, that provides for selective recognition of employee groups and their rights to bargain collectively for improved professional recognition and employment conditions with agency management. The paper describes the pronounced effect that this Order has had on some engineers—not alert to the possible consequences—and the even greater effect it will have in the future with increasing union pressures. Information is given on the response of those technical and professional societies which have established employment policies and encouraged varying degrees of response among members. The paper presents the guiding principles underlying development of NSPE's policies for the formation of E. O. 10988 groups. A summary is given of the results of actions by these groups and an evaluation of their effectiveness in fulfilling their objectives.
The High Rigidity Spectrometer for FRIB

Abstract The High Rigidity Spectrometer (HRS) is being developed to make optimum use of the fast rare-isotope beams that will be available at the Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams (FRIB) and will be the key experimental tool to study the most exotic, neutron-rich nuclei. The HRS will accommodate detector systems for charged particles, neutrons, and gamma rays. This will enable coincidence measurements of reaction products that stem from a variety of reactions such as knockout, breakup, charge exchange or Coulomb excitation. First-order ion optical studies are under way and this paper will offer some details on the current design ideas.
Evaluation of Phosphorus Dynamics in a Watershed

Phosphorus dynamics in a small river system have been measured to determine phosphorus transport mechanisms and correlation with hydrodynamic phenomena. Variation of chemical forms with flow conditions are related to point and diffuse sources and general equations derived. Mass balances are developed and diurnal changes are described.
Stress response genes and the severity of nicotine withdrawal.

Cigarette smoking: a global public health problem Cigarette smoking represents one of the biggest public health threats globally, responsible for the premature death of over 6 million smokers a year. With 1 billion smokers in the world and over 80% living in low or middle-income countries, smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable diseases worldwide [1]. Improving smoking cessation therapies could help reduce smoking rates and significantly improve public health given the many benefits of achieving smoking abstinence [2].
Why do cracks branch? A peridynamic investigation of dynamic brittle fracture

In this paper we review the peridynamic model for brittle fracture and use it to investigate crack branching in brittle homogeneous and isotropic materials. The peridynamic simulations offer a possible explanation for the generation of dynamic instabilities in dynamic brittle crack growth and crack branching. We focus on two systems, glass and homalite, often used in crack branching experiments. After a brief review of theoretical and computational models on crack branching, we discuss the peridynamic model for dynamic fracture in linear elastic–brittle materials. Three loading types are used to investigate the role of stress waves interactions on crack propagation and branching. We analyze the influence of sample geometry on branching. Simulation results are compared with experimental ones in terms of crack patterns, propagation speed at branching and branching angles. The peridynamic results indicate that as stress intensity around the crack tip increases, stress waves pile-up against the material directly in front of the crack tip that moves against the advancing crack; this process “deflects” the strain energy away from the symmetry line and into the crack surfaces creating damage away from the crack line. This damage “migration”, seen as roughness on the crack surface in experiments, modifies, in turn, the strain energy landscape around the crack tip and leads to preferential crack growth directions that branch from the original crack line. We argue that nonlocality of damage growth is one key feature in modeling of the crack branching phenomenon in brittle fracture. The results show that, at least to first order, no ingredients beyond linear elasticity and a capable damage model are necessary to explain/predict crack branching in brittle homogeneous and isotropic materials.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics and antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds and oil of Citrus aurantium Seeds from Northwest Algeria

Sour orange ( Citrus aurantium ) is a tree of the family of Rutaceae. It is cultivated today in many parts of the world; the fruit, leaves, twigs and flowers have numerous applications in food and perfumery. Citrus aurantium used in this study originate from Tlemcen in North East of Algeria. Our study focused firstly on the physicochemical analysis of seed oil of sour orange namely the determination of indices, fatty acids, vitamin E and polyphenols. Secondly we evaluated total phenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins of Citrus aurantium seeds and their antioxidant activity of using in vitro methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and β-carotene bleaching test. The seeds oil contents is 38.21%, their fatty major acids were palmitic (26.85 %) and linoleic acid (38.29%). The physicochemical analysis of oil showed index values of density, acid value, ester value, saponification value and refractive index estimated respectively: 0926; 1.212, 190.39, 191.52, 1467. The quantitative estimation of Citrus aurantium seeds showed that content of polyphenol is 2.12 mg GA /g DW which the predominant part is represented by tannins (0.3 mg CE /g DW) followed by the flavonoids (0.076 mg CE /g DW). Our results demonstrate that all extracts have antioxidant capacity. Among these extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids showed the highest value of antioxidant activities for seed which might constitute an important source of natural antioxidants.
Outcomes of long-term iron supplementation in pediatric restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder (RLS/PLMD)

Abstract Objectives Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) are thought to center around a genetically mediated sensitivity to iron insufficiency. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of short-term iron therapy in children with low iron storage. Little is known, however, about long-term iron treatment in children with RLS and PLMD. Therefore, we performed this study to assess the long-term effect of iron therapy in children with RLS and PLMD. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for children who met the following criteria: A) diagnosed as having either RLS or PLMD, B) started on iron supplementation, C) followed up for >2 years in a sleep clinic. Baseline values for iron, ferritin, and periodic limb movement of sleep index (PLMS index) were defined in the three months leading up to the initiation of iron therapy. Values were also computed for follow-up periods of 3–6 months, 1–2 years, and >2 years. Serum iron and ferritin levels and PLMS index were compared between baseline and all subsequent follow-ups. Results In total, 105 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 64 were diagnosed with PLMD alone, seven with RLS alone, and 35 with both RLS and PLMD. The average age was 10.2 ± 5.3 years. Compared to the baseline (27.4 ± 12.1 ng/ml), the average ferritin values at 3–6 months (45.62 ± 21.2 ng/ml, p n = 34), 1–2 years (52.0 ± 48.3 ng/ml, p 0.001, n = 63), and >2 years (54.7 ± 40.5 ng/ml, p 0.001, n = 67) were all significantly increased. Inversely, compared to baseline (21 ± 27.0/h, n = 66), PLMS index values at 3–6 months (7.5 ± 9.5/h p n = 11), 1–2 years (6.9 ± 8.9/h, p 0.001, n = 29), and >2 years (10 ± 14.5/h, p 0.001, n = 31) were all significantly decreased. No significant change in serum iron levels was noted at any time point. Conclusion While retrospective in nature, this study demonstrates a sustained improvement in PLMS index and maintenance of adequate ferritin levels >2 years after iron therapy initiation in our RLS/PLMD cohort with a long-term follow-up. Iron therapy appears to lead to long-lasting improvements in children with RLS/PLMD.
The Roman Curia at and after Vatican II: Legal-Rational or Theological Reform?:

Surely technical issues advance the need to rethink the structures of the Catholic Church’s central government in Rome. But the real macro issue is the role of Vatican II and its ecclesiology for t...
Usefulness of rotational atherectomy with optical frequency domain imaging guidance for severe calcified coronary lesions after Kawasaki disease

A 40-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the treatment of severe calcified coronary lesions of right coronary artery due to Kawasaki disease. He had a past history of early stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction at the left anterior descending artery, regardless of continued dual antiplatelet therapy and no stent malapposition and underexpansion. We performed rotational atherectomy and plain balloon angioplasty with optical frequency domain imaging guidance, and obtained an excellent initial result without stent implantation, which was maintained during the 1-year follow-up.
Structural and functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the rat beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene.

Abstract We have analyzed 3.4 kb of DNA from the 5′-flanking region of the rat β 2 -adrenergic receptor gene and assessed its promoter activity in A549 cells, a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. A single transcription start site was identified approx. 223 bp upstream of the ATG start codon. A549 cells were transfected with luciferase reporter plasmids containing segments of the rat β 2 -adrenergic receptor 5′-flanking region. Our results suggest that both positive and negative cis -acting regulatory sequences are present in the 5′-flanking region of the rat β 2 -adrenergic receptor gene.
Fragmentation Reactions of Nucleic Acid Ions in the Gas Phase

This chapter summarizes literature describing the gas-phase fragmentation of nucleic acid ions under a variety of reaction conditions. Specifically, the phenomenology of gas-phase dissociation of nucleic acid ions is determined by ion type, charge state, the energy deposition method, and the fragmentation reaction timescale. Various proposed mechanisms are summarized. The chapter is organized by dissociation method. For the most extensively studied collision-induced dissociation (CID), the literature is subcategorized by analyte and ion type. In many cases, no single fragmentation mechanism can account for all the reported products. This suggests that multiple dissociation mechanisms can contribute, depending on ion type, ion charge state, and reaction conditions.
Tacrolimus and Sirolimus without Methotrexate as Acute GVHD Prophylaxis after Matched Related Donor Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC) Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT).

Abstract We have previously shown that the combination of tacrolimus and sirolimus (TAC/SIR) without methotrexate (MTX) is a safe and effective regimen for GVHD prophylaxis after myeloablative SCT. However, TAC/SIR has not been investigated in the RIC setting. We hereby report a prospective phase II trial testing TAC/SIR as GVHD prophylaxis after RIC SCT from matched related donors (MRD). All patients received fludarabine (FLU) 30 mg/m2 IV and intravenous busulfan (BU) 0.8 mg/kg IV daily × 4 days (day -5 thru day -2) as conditioning, followed by transplantation of filgrastim mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. Filgrastim 5 mcg/kg SC QD was started on day +1 until neutrophil engraftment. Tacrolimus and sirolimus were started on day-3, and doses were adjusted to maintain target serum trough levels 5–10 ng/ml and 3–12 ng/ml, respectively. Twenty-six patients have been transplanted, with a median age of 52 years (range 29–64 yrs). Diagnoses include NHL (8), AML (6), HD (5), CLL/SLL (3), CML (2), MDS (1), MM (1). Median CD34+ cells infused was 8.06 × 106 cells/kg (range: 2.96–38.0 × 106 cells/kg). All patients had sustained hematologic engraftment. Only 4 (15%) patients developed neutropenia below ANC 500, and 6 (23%) had platelet counts below 20K. One patient had late graft failure at 7 months post transplant. Grade II-IV acute GVHD incidence was 20%, with grade III-IV incidence of 12%. No hepatic VOD or thrombotic microangiopathy was observed. Day +100 transplant related mortality (TRM) was 0%. The cumulative incidences of TRM and relapse at 1 year were 4% and 38%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at 1 year was 74%. A high level (>90%) of donor-derived hematopoiesis was achieved in 68% by 1 month post transplant. Median donor chimerism at between day 20–50 post transplant was 93.5% (range 32%-99%), and 94% (range 22%-100%) at day 85–115. With a median follow-up of 13.5 months among survivors (range 5.5–19 months), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 1 year were 58% and 79%, respectively. Compared to a historical cohort of 47 MRD transplant recipients treated with the same FLU/BU conditioning regimen and using TAC/SIR ± mini-MTX (5 mg/m2 IV day +1,3,6) as GVHD prophylaxis, there was no statistical difference between TAC/SIR vs. TAC/SIR/MTX in the incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD (20% vs 11%, p= 0.48), cumulative incidence of relapse at year (38% vs. 57%, p= 0.25), 1-yr PFS (58% vs. 41%, p= 0.33), or 1-yr OS (79% vs. 73%, p= 0.79). These results demonstrate that omission of mini-MTX is permissible, and that the combination of TAC/SIR alone as GVHD prophylaxis following reduced intensity conditioning with FLU/BU is associated with low rates of acute GVHD, TRM, and high levels of donor chimerism after MRD SCT.
Visual Evoked Potentials

The visual evoked potential (VEP) is primarily a relatively large, positive polarity wave generated in the occipital cortex in response to visual stimulation. It measures the conduction time of neuronal activity from the retina to the occipital cortex and is used clinically as a measure of the integrity and function of that pathway. The optic nerve is the primary structure examined. The standard VEP averages many responses, time-locked to a photic stimulus. Of primary interest is the latency of the positive wave at a midline occipital EEG electrode, usually at approx 100 ms after stimulation, called the P100. This chapter summarizes the methodology for recording the VEP, provides an approach to its interpretation, and discusses its role in clinical practice.
Motion Artifacts and Correction Techniques in PET/CT

PET/CT is a very important imaging tool in the management of the oncology patients. PET/CT hardware registration between the sequential imaging of CT and PET with the same imaging table has significantly improved the registration between the anatomy in CT and the functional information in PET. However, registration between the CT and PET images remains an issue in the thorax and the abdomen, where the anatomy moves with the respiratory motion and the snapshot CT images may not register well with the average PET images. Respiratory gating has been proposed for CT and PET, but its adaption in the clinic can only be found with the respiratory-gated CT or 4D-CT in radiation therapy treatment planning. Majority of the PET/CT practices are not using any CT or PET gating due to the complexity of gating and the challenge of finding the right patient for gating before PET/CT imaging. In this chapter, we will not only cover the more complex gated CT and gated PET techniques but also introduce the simple average CT technique of less than 1 mSv to improve the registration of CT and PET and to provide the important CT data for dose calculation and image guidance in radiation therapy.
Losing a Family Member in an Act of Terror: A Review from the Qualitative Grey Literature on the Long-Term Affects of September 11, 2001

Nearly 15 years following the attacks on September 11, 2001, much learning has been acquired regarding the psychological affects of mass violence. Less is known, however, about the long-term impact of 9/11 on those with family members who died in the attacks. A few quantitative studies were conducted specific to grief and terrorism and these findings suggest that symptoms may be more severe and persist over a longer period than for those facing death due to other violent circumstances. While only a few studies examined the long-term experiences of family members aggrieved by 9/11, several qualitative studies were conducted years following the attacks but these investigations are found in the grey literature. Therefore, this review included a sample of five qualitative studies, which met inclusion criteria, and had not been published in the peer-review literature. The purpose of this review was to understand if any common themes existed between investigations that were conducted from 3 to 12 years after 9/11/01. Ten noteworthy themes were found that were common across investigations. Several themes were endorsed by participants in three to four studies, and included, sharing the tragedy and personal grief publicly, taking action, and financial compensation. The remaining themes were endorsed by family members across all five studies and included discussions about bodily remains, persistent and comparative grief, relationship changes, support groups and services, remembering their family member, and healing and growth after loss. While the findings in this review cannot be generalized to all families affected by 9/11, given the nature of the data, there are a number of important implications from this review discussed that are relevant for shaping future research and having clinical awareness about the long-term affects of mass violence.
Variable emissivity coatings based on plasmonic metasurfaces integrated with phase-transition materials

Modulation of emissivity in the mid-infrared is experimentally realized using thin-film phase-transition material SmNiO 3 . Designs of variable emissivity coatings based on metasurfaces integrated with SmNiO 3 are also reported.
Responsive parallel computation: bridging competitive and cooperative threading

Competitive and cooperative threading are widely used abstractions in computing. In competitive threading, threads are scheduled preemptively with the goal of minimizing response time, usually of interactive applications. In cooperative threading, threads are scheduled non-preemptively with the goal of maximizing throughput or minimizing the completion time, usually in compute-intensive applications, e.g. scientific computing, machine learning and AI. Although both of these forms of threading rely on the same abstraction of a thread, they have, to date, remained largely separate forms of computing. Motivated by the recent increase in the mainstream use of multicore computers, we propose a threading model that aims to unify competitive and cooperative threading. To this end, we extend the classic graph-based cost model for cooperative threading to allow for competitive threading, and describe how such a cost model may be used in a programming language by presenting a language and a corresponding cost semantics. Finally, we show that the cost model and the semantics are realizable by presenting an operational semantics for the language that specifies the behavior of an implementation, as well as an implementation and a small empirical evaluation.
The Nature Conservancy: Advocating for and Investing in Sustainable Water Management

The Nature Conservancy (TNC) was one of the largest conservation organizations in the world; its mission was to “to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends.” Over time, TNC had expanded its mission to include advocating for sustainable water-management practices, and its numerous water specialists had advised corporations, water ministries, legislatures, and many other organizations.TNC was constantly exploring new ways of advocating sustainable water use and weighing its options to engage new opportunities. Brian Richter, a veteran scientist for TNC who had led its water market strategy for the past few years, was convinced that water markets could be attractive for the market-friendly TNC. But he wondered how TNC could integrate water markets into its water strategy while staying true to its legacy and mission.This case includes an interview with TNC's Brian Richter about some of the tools TNC had at its disposal to realize its conservationist objectives. Excerpt UVA-GEM-0123 Rev. Aug. 31, 2016 The Nature Conservancy: Advocating for and Investing in Sustainable Water Management Overview With nearly 4,000 staff members working in 35 countries, and annual revenues approaching $ 900 million, the Nature Conservancy (TNC) was one of the largest conservation organizations in the world, and the 17th-largest charity in the United States. The organization's mission was to “to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends” (see Exhibit 1). In pursuit of that mission, the organization worked with some of the world's largest multinational corporations, government officials, and political leaders at all levels and in thousands of local communities around the globe. . . .
Entity-Relationship Diagrams

Use cases provide a means to envision the behavior of the environment as it responds to external stimuli. An IPO diagram shows how data flows throughout the system while flowcharting is a method to envision the programming logic that underlies the behavior depicted by the use case. An entity relationship diagram also known as an ERD or E-R diagram, is a methodology that describes how the data of a system is stored at a high level of detail. It is different from the IPO diagram, which models the functions performed by a system as it uses or creates data.