cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx., in the Lower Detroit River of the Lake Huron-Lake Erie Corridor

American wildcelery (Vallisneria americana Michx.) is a valuable submersed aquatic plant that was negatively affected by pollution and urban runoff in the lower Detroit River for much of the 20th century. Following 25 years of water-pollution and urban-runoff abatement initiated in the early 1970s, we postulated that water clarity had increased and that this would allow restoration of wildcelery in the lower Detroit River. In addition, water clarity increased in the late 1980s due to water filtration and particulate removal by exotic dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis), which could contribute to potential wildcelery restoration. We sampled wildcelery in 1996–97 and compared these data to wildcelery data from 1950–51 and 1984–85. Over the 48-year period of comparison, areal density of wildcelery tubers decreased 72% (from 51.2 million to 14.4 million tubers) between 1950–51 and 1984–85 then increased 251% (from14.4 million to 50.5 million tubers) between 1984–85 and 1996–97. As a result, overall areal abundance was about the same in 1950–51 as in fall 1996–97. However, tuber densities in spring 1996 were similar to historical low abundances in springs of 1984–85. Then between spring and fall 1996, tuber densities increased 333% and remained relatively abundant through October 1997 indicating the beginning of the restoration of wildcelery in the lower Detroit River. In addition, we believe further reductions of turbidity through continued pollution-abatement programs and water filtration by dreissenid mussels combined with habitat protection and active management of wildcelery will contribute even further to the restoration of wildcelery in the Detroit River in the 21st century.
Implementation of Supervised Agricultural Experience Programs: The agriculture teachers' perspective

The purpose of this qualitative exploratory study was to examine how agriculture teachers implement supervised agricultural experience (SAE). A combination of focus groups and individual telephone interviews were conducted. Iowa agriculture teachers offered SAE because it is (a) a means of developing life skills, (b) a component of the FFA award system, and (c) theoretically, one-third of the agricultural education model. Although agriculture teachers were able to talk conceptually and theoretically about the benefits and value of SAE, they did not necessarily practice SAE in that manner. The method in which teachers implemented SAE programs varied considerably as did the means by which they conducted their SAE programs. Five factors were identified that limited SAE: (a) changing demographics and societal attitudes, (b) mechanics and structure of schools, (c) resource availability, (d) image, and (e) the agricultural education system. These findings would indicate that there is dissonance between (a) theory and practice, and (b) experience and learning of SAE. It is recommended that the purpose of SAE be further refined, communication regarding the value of SAE be increased among the stakeholders, creative and innovated approaches to SAE be explored, and the complete experiential learning model be incorporated into SAE programming.
A note on the existence and uniqueness of solutions of frequency domain elastic wave problems: A priori estimates in H1

Abstract In this note, we provide existence and uniqueness results for frequency domain elastic wave problems. These problems are posed on the complement of a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R 3 (the scatterer). The boundary condition at infinity is given by the Kupradze–Sommerfeld radiation condition and involves different Sommerfeld conditions on different components of the field. Our results are obtained by setting up the problem as a variational problem in the Sobolev space H 1 on a bounded domain. We use a nonlocal boundary condition which is related to the Dirichlet to Neumann conditions used for acoustic and electromagnetic scattering problems. We obtain stability results for the source problem, a necessary ingredient for the analysis of numerical methods for this problem based on finite elements or finite differences.
Facilitation of learning following intracranial injections of pentylenetetrazol

Abstract Pre- as well as post-trial injections of 5–10 μg of pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) directly into the hippocampus of rats reliably facilitated the learning of a brightness discrimination as well as a reversal of this conditioned response. Post-trial injections of the drug produced a significantly greater effect than pre-trial injections during the initial acquisition. An analysis of the animals' response latencies in various segments of the test apparatus did not show a reliable drug effect on general activity.
Some thoughts on teaching programming and programming languages

It is argued that the teaching of programming is central to the education of skilled computer professionals, that the teaching of programming languages is central to the teaching of programming. that these topics must include the specification, structuring, and verification of software, and that they should be taught with the same regard to rigor and precision as in traditional mathematics.
On using the Cox proportional hazards model with missing covariates

SUMMARY We propose two methods for handling missing covariates in using the Cox proportional hazards model. The maximum partial likelihood estimator based only on study subjects having complete covariates does not utilise all available information. Also it is biased when the probability of missingness depends on the failure or censoring time. Our suggestion is to impute the conditional expectation of the statistic involving missing covariates given the available information. The proposed method provides a consistent regression parameter estimator when the probability of missingness depends on the failure or censoring time as well as on the observed covariates. Also the proposed estimator is more efficient than the estimator suggested previously by Lin & Ying (1993), when data are missing completely at random.
IMF-Induced Structural Adjustment Programs and Women in Ecuador

This study examines the affect of IMF-induced structural adjustment programs on several key indicators regarding the status of women in Ecuador. In particular, we focus on the evolution of female primary and secondary school enrollment and female labor force participation in time series data from 1987 to 2003. The analysis is conducted using ordinary least squares regression with corrections for heteroscedasticity. The findings suggest that structural adjustment programs reduced female enrollment in primary and secondary schools and caused a reduction in the reported female labor force participation rate.
New aspects of the metal–insulator transition in single-domain vanadium dioxide nanobeams

Many strongly correlated electronic materials have a domain structure that greatly influences the bulk properties and obscures the fundamental properties of the homogeneous material. Nanoscale samples, on the other hand, can be smaller than the characteristic domain size, thus making it possible to explore these fundamental properties in detail. Here, we report new aspects of the metal-insulator transition, studied in single-domain vanadium dioxide nanobeams. We have observed supercooling of the metallic phase by 50 degrees C, an activation energy in the insulating phase that is consistent with the optical gap, and a connection between the metal-insulator transition and the equilibrium carrier density in the insulating phase. Our devices also provide a nanomechanical method for determining the transition temperature, enable measurements on individual metal-insulator interphase walls to be made, and allow general investigations of phase transitions in quasi-one-dimensional geometries.
The Emerging Role of Technology in Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Youth: A Review

Research documents the application of cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) with technology either as therapeutic adjuncts or stand-alone interventions. The literature evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of using technology with CBT for youth experiencing internalizing disorders is small though steadily emerging. Technological approaches offer cost-effective and efficient service to an increased number of anxious youth for whom a CBT treatment would be otherwise unavailable. The present article aims to review the use of two broad types of technology in CBT for anxious children and adolescents: computer- and internet-based CBT and mobile mental health applications (i.e., mobile phone, smartphone, and tablet technology). Within each section, we provide an overview of the advantages and general principles of each type of technology, and review evidence for the use of each type of technology along with examples of current applications. Finally, we discuss ethical issues, barriers, and future directions for the use of technology in facilitating dissemination of effective treatments.
Peers and Gun Use Among Urban Adolescent Males: An Examination of Social Embeddedness

Youth gun violence is most often a group phenomenon yet most empirical examinations ignore this fact. Using interview data with 416 violent male offenders from two disadvantaged New York City neighborhoods, this paper examines the roles that the peer contexts play in explaining the nuanced patterns of respondent gun-related behaviors. We hypothesize that respondents who are comparatively more embedded in networks of peers who carry and use guns will also report greater involvement in serious gun violence. We found that guns were equated with self-protection and the most prevalent reason given for possession and carrying behaviors of peers. Belonging to a group of associates was also perceived to have protective value. Guns and armed peers played a role in heightened risk for lethal conflict. Peers are involved as co-offenders in the majority of gun events reported. We discuss the implications of our findings for violence intervention policy and future research.
Internal Control Implications in a University Library Environment

In this article, the authors provide examples of library theft in various libraries and list the Association of College and Research Libraries guidelines for preventing and reacting to theft. The authors also discuss elements of internal control and reasons why employees steal.
Concerning enteroviral infections and autoimmune disease

Abstract Enteroviral infection of activated Th1 lymphocytes can produce a colony of activated cytotoxic cells that is not subject to normal immune suppression. This event can facilitate the onset of autoimmune diseases.
Dynamics of insect-inspired flapping-wing MAVs: Multibody modeling and flight control simulations

Research on bio-inspired flapping-wing micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs) has experienced a steady growth over the past two decades. In particular, experiments on insect flight dynamics may provide new solutions for various challenges ranging from morphological design to force control mechanisms. A significant amount of research in this area is focused on modeling and simulation of such dynamics; however, mass of the wings and corresponding inertia effects are often ignored for simplification purposes. In this paper, the MAV is considered to be a structure with three rigid bodies, i.e., a main body and two wings. Wing strokes are limited within the body's transverse plane, though each wing can also passively pitch around its lateral axis. Using the Lagrangian, a dynamic multibody model of this system is developed to ≪1≫ analyze the significance of wing mass in flight dynamics and ≪2≫ simulate flight control experiments. The employed control approach is based on investigated relationships between mechanical impedance properties of the wing pitch joints and average values of aerodynamic forces. The results suggest that the wings' mass and mechanical impedance properties of the joints can be optimized together to enhance lift/thrust production. In addition, simulations of various flight maneuvers with the optimized model and proposed control approach always demonstrate an agile and stable behavior.
A terrain-following grid transform and preconditioner for parallel, large-scale, integrated hydrologic modeling

A terrain-following grid formulation (TFG) is presented for simulation of coupled variably-saturated subsurface and surface water flow. The TFG is introduced into the integrated hydrologic model, ParFlow, which uses an implicit, Newton Krylov solution technique. The analytical Jacobian is also formulated and presented and both the diagonal and non-symmetric terms are used to precondition the Krylov linear system. The new formulation is verified against an orthogonal stencil and is shown to provide increased accuracy at lower lateral spatial discretization for hillslope simulations. Using TFG, efficient scaling to a large number of processors (16,384) and a large domain size (8.1 Billion unknowns) is shown. This demonstrates the applicability of this formulation to high-resolution, large-spatial extent hydrology applications where topographic effects are important. Furthermore, cases where the analytical Jacobian is used for the Newton iteration and as a non-symmetric preconditioner for the linear system are shown to have faster computation times and better scaling. This demonstrates the importance of solver efficiency in parallel scaling through the use of an appropriate preconditioner.
The Effect of Several Hormones and Sodium Thiomalate on Retention of Mercury by Two Strains of Chicks

Abstract TWO strains of White Leghorn chickens selected for resistence (R) or susceptibility (S) to avian leukosis have been described by Bearse et al. (1963). Large differences in retention of mercury in livers and kidneys between the R and S strains of chickens after intramuscular injection of organic or inorganic mercury compounds were reported by Miller et al. (1959a, b, 1967). The effect of injections of several hormones on the mortality of rats from mercuric chloride (MC) injections was studied by Selye and Bois (1958) and Kadas and Zsambeky (1957). Selye and Bois injected repeated doses of 20 mg. hydrocortisone acetate (HC) per kg. body weight per day before and after MC injections. The HC resulted in weight loss and increased mortality in the rats. Kadas and Zsambeky dosed rats with ACTH plus 0.5 mg. cortisone per kg. body weight for two or three days prior or one to three days…
Retention of resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, by Lycopersicon plants reproduced through tissue culture☆

Abstract Lycopersicon glandulosum, L. peruvianum and L. esculentum plants reproduced adventitiously from cotyledon explants retained their resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita . This reaffirms the utility of tissue cultures for screening and isolating nematode-resistant variants.
Non-linear regression of biological temperature-dependent rate models based on absolute reaction-rate theory

Abstract Biological temperature-dependent rate models based on Arrhenius' and Eyring's equations have been formulated by Johnson & Lewin (1946) , Hultin (1955) , and Sharpe & DeMichele (1977) . The original formulation of Sharpe and DeMichele is poorly suited for non-linear regression. Very high correlations of parameter estimators occassionally make regression with their equation impossible using Marquardt's algorithm (1963) . This analysis describes a new formulation of Sharpe and DeMichele's model that greatly alleviates the non-linear regression problem. It is partly based on Hultin's formulation (1955) . Biological and graphical interpretation of the model parameters is discussed. Regression suitability is illustrated with a typical data set. Similar modifications to the equations of Hultin (1955) and Johnson & Lewin (1946) are described.
Nasal cytology in patients with allergic rhinitis: effects of intranasal fluticasone propionate.

Abstract Background: Nasal cytograms of patients with allergic rhinitis contain increased numbers of eosinophils and basophilic cells. Neutrophils are also more numerous in cytograms of allergic persons. Topical intranasal corticosteroid therapy for allergic rhinitis has been shown to decrease the numbers of some inflammatory cell types. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray, a potent synthetic corticosteroid preparation, is effective therapy for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. Methods: Nasal mucosal scrapings were obtained with a Rhinoprobe (Apotex Scientific, Inc. Arlington, Texas) before and after therapy with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray at several doses in patients with either seasonal allergic rhinitis (2 to 4 weeks' therapy) or perennial allergic rhinitis (24 weeks' therapy). More than 1000 paired nasal cytograms obtained from patients participating in five multicenter studies were evaluated. Results: The percentage of patients with nasal eosinophils (p Conclusions: These findings suggest that the therapeutic benefits of topical intranasal fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate for the therapy of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis are reflected by the decrease in inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa.
Effects of repetitive freeze–thawing cycles on T2 and T2* of the Achilles tendon

Abstract Introduction In this study we sought to evaluate the effects of multiple freezing and thawing cycles on two MR parameters to study Achilles tendon, T2 and T2*. Materials and methods Four fresh Achilles tendons were imaged on a 3T clinical scanner and again after 1, 2, 4, and 5 freeze–thaw cycles with spin-echo (SE) and ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences. Regions of interest were manually drawn over the entire Achilles tendon and mono-exponential curves were used to determine T2 and T2* relaxation times. Results There was no statistically significant difference in mean T2 or T2* values between the fresh specimens and after subsequent cycles of freeze–thaw treatment (p > 0.1). Linear regression between SE T2 values at baseline and after successive freeze–thaw cycles demonstrated moderate agreement (r = 0.60) whereas UTE T2* values at baseline and after successive-freeze thaw cycles demonstrated strong agreement (r = 0.92). Conclusion These findings suggest that changes between specimens seen in vitro are due to factors other than frozen storage. Furthermore, our results suggest that there is stronger agreement between baseline (fresh) and successive freeze–thaw T2* values of tendon obtained with the UTE technique in comparison to T2 values obtained with a conventional clinical CPMG technique.
Evaluation of bone strontium as a measure of seafood consumption

The recognition that bone strontium/calcium ratios reflect dietary levels of strontium and that seawater has a high strontium content led some archaeologists to infer that seafood consumption produces high Sr/Ca ratios in bone. Analyses of seawater and of marine organisms reveal, however, a marine trophic effect comparable to the trophic effect seen in terrestrial food chains. This marine trophic effect reduces the Sr/Ca levels in seafood such that marine dietary resources have Sr/Ca levels comparable to those of terrestrial resources. Thus, bone Sr/Ca ratios can not differentiate consumption of marine and terrestrial resources. Also, Sr/Ca of bones from archaeological sites where seafood was an important component of diet were found to be within the range of entirely terrestrial diets. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping and Application of Enhancer-trap Flippase Expression in Larval and Adult Drosophila CNS

The Gal4/ UAS binary method is powerful for gene and neural circuitry manipulation in Drosophila. For most neurobiological studies, however, Gal4 expression is rarely tissue-specific enough to allow for precise correlation of the circuit with behavioral readouts. To overcome this major hurdle, we recently developed the FINGR method to achieve a more restrictive Gal4 expression in the tissue of interest. The FINGR method has three components: 1) the traditional Gal4/UAS system; 2) a set of FLP/FRT-mediated Gal80 converting tools; and 3) enhancer-trap FLP (ET-FLP). Gal4 is used to define the primary neural circuitry of interest. Paring the Gal4 with a UAS-effector, such as UAS-MJD78Q or UAS-Shi(ts), regulates the neuronal activity, which is in turn manifested by alterations in the fly behavior. With an additional UAS-reporter such as UAS-GFP, the neural circuit involved in the specific behavior can be simultaneously mapped for morphological analysis. For Gal4 lines with broad expression, Gal4 expression can be restricted by using two complementary Gal80-converting tools: tub(P)>Gal80> ('flip out') and tub(P)>stop>Gal80 ('flip in'). Finally, investigators can turn Gal80 on or off, respectively, with the help of tissue-specific ET-FLP. In the flip-in mode, Gal80 will repress Gal4 expression wherever Gal4 and ET-FLP intersect. In the flip-out mode, Gal80 will relieve Gal4 repression in cells in which Gal4 and FLP overlap. Both approaches enable the restriction of the number of cells in the Gal4-defined circuitry, but in an inverse pattern. The FINGR method is compatible with the vast collection of Gal4 lines in the fly community and highly versatile for traditional clonal analysis and for neural circuit mapping. In this protocol, we demonstrate the mapping of FLP expression patterns in select ET-FLPx2 lines and the effectiveness of the FINGR method in photoreceptor cells. The principle of the FINGR method should also be applicable to other genetic model organisms in which Gal4/UAS, Gal80, and FLP/FRT are used.
Utilization of electron acceptors for anaerobic mannitol metabolismn by Lactobacillus plantarum. Reduction of alpha-keto acids

D (−)- and L (+)-lactate dehydrogenases of Lactobacillus plantarum (WSO) are the probable enzyme which catalyze the reduction of the alpha-keto acids (pyruvate, alpha-ketobutyrate, alpha-ketovalerate, and alpha-ketocaprylate) during anaerobic mannitol metabolism. This is indicated by the fact that each of these compounds are substrates for purified D (−)- and L (+)-lactate dehydrogenases. There was no increase in the alpha-ketobutyrate reduction activity when cells were grown on mannitol with alpha-ketobutyrate as an electron acceptor compared to cells grown on glucose. HPLC ion exchange chromatography of cel extracts of L. plantarum grown on mannitol with alpha-ketobutyrate at pH 7·5 and 5·5 revealed no enzymes capable of alpha-ketobutyrate reduction other than lactate dehydrogenases.
Temperature sensitivity of compound diode-transistor structure

This letter considers the significant device parameters making a current-gain monolithic circuit, using a matched pair of silicon transistors. Equations are derived which relate the current gain to the device characteristics, the parameter matching, and thermal matching.
Closed form vs. finite element analysis of laminated stacks

Abstract Recently, structural analysis of multi-layered stacks subjected to thermal loading has received considerable renewed interest. This is partly because of popular use of these structures in electronic packaging. In this paper a comparative analysis of these structures is presented. Comparisons between closed-form solution, elastic, viscoplastic and thermo-viscoplastic with damage analyses have been presented. A damage mechanics based constitutive model is proposed for finite element analysis (FEA) of multi-layered structures. Moreover, mesh sensitivity of the FEA in layered stack problems is studied. It is shown that the closed-form and elastic FEA can only be used for preliminary studies and elastic finite element method is highly mesh sensitive for this problem. In elastic analysis the stress singularity at the free edge makes mesh selection very difficult. On the other hand, inelastic analysis does not suffer from the stress singularity problem encountered in elastic analysis. The damage mechanics based constitutive model proposed in the study uses a thermodynamic internal state variable as a damage metric.
Mapping regions with different bifurcation diagrams of a reverse‐flow reactor

A systematic method is presented for constructing maps of parameter regions with qualitatively different bifurcation diagrams of the reverse-flow reactor (RFR). These maps are most useful for the rational design and periodic operation of an RFR. The method is illustrated by two examples. The map for a single, exothermic first-order reaction contains five regions with qualitatively different bifurcation diagrams when the Damkohler number is the bifurcation variable. The high-temperature branch is isolated in two of these regions. The map for two independent, exothermic first-order reactions contains seven regions with qualitatively different bifurcation diagrams when the adiabatic temperature rise is the bifurcation parameter. Three stable periodic states exist for some values of the bifurcation variable in five of the regions. In some of these regions the intermediate state cannot be obtained upon a slow change in the concentration of the reactants. In all the examples we studied, a stability exchanges of the pseudohomogeneous model occurred only at the limit points of the bifurcation diagrams. An efficient numerical scheme is presented for computing the loci of the singular points of the RFR model.
Students without borders? Migratory decision-making among international graduate students in the U.S.

Katalin Szelenyi suggests that the less-developed a country is internationally, the more elites of such a country choose to move internationally in their educations and careers. Her research on different graduate student nationalities in the U.S. (presented here) is the basis of her suggestion. She adds that it is no surprise the North Africans and Latin Americans one meets in finance or the media in London are from relatively elite backgrounds—one has to be an elite in these countries to have the chance to move. This is not the case with nationals from the more highly developed countries, where mobility opportunities are more broadly shared and where people who move internationally have made much more marginal, risky, career decisions compared to those in nationalized careers from welfare-states with stable pay-offs at home. Szelenyi also reviews in depth the brain drain/gain/circulation question, which is the biggest single area of research on skilled migrants. This is because of its sharp policy implications in developing countries in terms of economic development and political stability. Such fears of the developmental costs of “brain drain” assume a zero-sum game in which sending countries lose as the developed world creams off the best and the brightest. Szelenyi, however, questions the notion that it is always the best and the brightest who move.
Restricted feedback control in discrete-time dynamical systems with memory

When an equilibrium state of a physical or biological system suffers a loss of stability (e.g., via a bifurcation), it may be both possible and desirable to stabilize the equilibrium via closed-loop feedback control. Significant effort has been devoted towards using such control to prevent oscillatory or chaotic behavior in dynamical systems, both continuous-time and discrete-time. Regarding control in discrete-time systems, most prior attempts to stabilize unstable equilibria require that the system be perturbed once during each time step. However, there are examples of systems for which this is neither feasible nor possible. In this paper, we analyze a restricted feedback control method for discrete-time systems (restricted in the sense that the controller's perturbations may be applied only in every other time step). We apply our theoretical analysis to a specific example from cardiac electrophysiology in which this sort of restricted feedback control is especially relevant. The example is a useful test case for the theory, and one for which an experimental setup is rather straightforward.
Increased deiodination of L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine by liver microsomes from rats treated with phenobarbital.

PHENOBARBITAL given to rats in doses known to increase the formation of hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and drug-metabolizing enzymes also increases hepatocellular binding of thyroxine (T4)1 and its deiodinative and biliary clearance2. Subcellular fractionation of liver homogenates suggested that the increased hepatocellular binding could be attributed to the microsomal membranes3. Because hepatic microsomes contain a specific iodothyronine deiodinase4–7, we attempted to determine whether the increased deiodination observed in vivo could be related to increased microsomal activity.
A Nothing That Does Things: Hunger as Affect in Laforet’s Nada

AbstractFor many critics, Carmen Laforet’s Nada (1944) is an ambiguous work that only refers to life in post-war Spain (1939-44) without analysing or criticizing the sordid nature of the period. Although it is true that Andrea is a passive character that rarely passes judgment on the people and events she describes in the novel, in this paper I argue that her decisions are influenced by the way she feels and not just what she thinks. Borrowing from theories of affect that view affect, emotions, and feelings as ‘judgments made by the body’, I argue that Andrea’s corporeal needs are what motivate and move her more than any other factor in the novel. For in Nada, hunger is an important leitmotif: it affects almost every aspect of daily life for Andrea and her family, and, with its own ubiquitous presence, it illuminates the very real social inequalities of the time, thus offering evidence as to why at the end of the novel Andrea decides to go with Ena’s family to Madrid.
Advances in craniofacial tumor surgery.

The use of craniofacial surgical techniques has stimulated the development of new approaches to the excision of skull base tumors. Experience gained from operating on 200 skull base tumors (45 nonmalignant and 155 malignant) is presented. The cranial base area is subdivided into specific areas, and surgical approaches have been devised. In addition, the use of vascularized tissue such as the galea, temporalis fascia, temporalis muscle, or free vascularized tissue transfer has prevented the complication of infection so frequently seen as a cause for morbidity and mortality in the past.
Use of a Decision Aid to Improve Treatment Decisions in Osteoporosis: The Osteoporosis Choice Randomized Trial

Abstract Objective Poor adherence to therapy, perhaps related to unaddressed patient preferences, limits the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment in at-risk women. A parallel patient-level randomized trial in primary care practices was performed. Methods Eligible postmenopausal women with bone mineral density T-scores less than −1.0 and not receiving bisphosphonate therapy were included. In addition to usual primary care, intervention patients received a decision aid (a tailored pictographic 10-year fracture risk estimate, absolute risk reduction with bisphosphonates, side effects, and out-of-pocket cost), and control patients received a standard brochure. Knowledge transfer, patient involvement in decision-making, and rates of bisphosphonate start and adherence were studied. Data came from medical records, post-visit written and 6-month phone surveys, video recordings of clinical encounters, and pharmacy prescription profiles. Results A total of 100 patients (range of 10-year fracture risk, 6%-60%) were allocated randomly to receive the decision aid (n=52) or usual care (n=48). Patients receiving the decision aid were 1.8 times more likely to correctly identify their 10-year fracture risk (49% vs 28%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-3.2) and 2.7 times more likely to identify their estimated risk reduction with bisphosphonates (43% vs 16%; 95% CI, 1.3-5.7). Patient involvement improved with the decision aid by 23% (95% CI, 13.6-31.4). Bisphosphonates were started by 44% of patients receiving the decision aid and 40% of patients receiving usual care. Adherence at 6 months was similarly high across both groups, but the proportion with more than 80% adherence was higher with the decision aid (n=23 [100%] vs n=14 [74%]; P = .009). Conclusion A decision aid improved the quality of clinical decisions about bisphosphonate therapy in at-risk postmenopausal women, did not affect start rates, and may have improved adherence.
Decoding geometric Goppa codes up to designed minimum distance by solving a key equation in a ring

A new algorithm is developed for decoding geometric Goppa codes (algebraic-geometric codes) up to their designed minimum distance. This algorithm is constructed on the basis of the one introduced by Porter, Shen and Pellikaan (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.IT-38, p. 1663-1676, 1992), but has improved it considerably in decoding capability by incorporating a majority voting scheme conceptually analogous to that employed by the algorithms of Feng and Rao (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.IT-39, p.505, 1993) and Duursma (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.IT-39, p.1067-1070, 1993). The algorithm is distinct from others in that its major steps are accomplished by solving a key equation in an affine ring. The result is a new algorithm with decoding capability on a par with that of Feng-Rao and Duursma's algorithms. The new algorithm is applicable to a large class of geometric Goppa codes and thus provides a viable alternative to the algorithms of Feng-Rao and Duursma for decoding geometric Goppa codes up to designed minimum distance. >
Determinants of Application Service Provider (ASP) Adoption as an Innovation

The trend toward external procurement of software and services has led to the emergence of application service providers (ASPs). While prior research has investigated the use of ASPs as a form of outsourcing, this study considers ASP from multiple perspectives, both as a genre of outsourcing and as an IT innovation. Employing Tornatzky and Fleischer's (1990) theoretical framework, this study identifies the most important determinants of ASP adoption. A model that explains ASP diffusion and infusion is specified and tested using PLS. Some of the most important factors of ASP adoption identified in the study include: top management orientation, integration capability, internal IS expertise and competitive pressure. Other factors such as relationship management, service quality, relative advantage and cost were found to be less important. With the phenomenon of ASP at a very early stage, this study provides an opportunity to understand the immediate and practical implications of its adoption.
Classification of the normal and abnormal electrogastrogram using back-propagation neural networks

The cutaneous recording of the myoelectrical activity of the stomach is called the electrogastrogram (EGG). The percentages of the normal activity and dysrhythmia in an EGG recording are important in clinical diagnosis of patients. The aim of this study was to develop an optimal backpropagation network (BPN) for automated assessment of the normality and abnormality of the EGG. Raw EGG data, running spectral data and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) modeling parameters of the EGG were, respectively, used as input data to single-hidden-layer BPNs with different number of hidden nodes and were compared with each other. Experimental results showed that the best type of input data to the network for this specific application was ARMA modeling parameters of the EGG and the optimal network configuration was 22:15:2 (the number of input nodes: hidden nodes: output nodes), which provided a recall of 0.95.
The Cognitive Consequences of Envy: Attention, Memory, and Self-Regulatory Depletion

In a series of 4 experiments, we provide evidence that--in addition to having an affective component--envy may also have important consequences for cognitive processing. Our first experiment (N = 69) demonstrated that individuals primed with envy better attended to and more accurately recalled information about fictitious peers than did a control group. Studies 2 (N = 187) and 3 (N = 65) conceptually replicated these results, demonstrating that envy elicited by targets predicts attention and later memory for information about them. We demonstrate that these effects cannot be accounted for by admiration or changes in negative affect or arousal elicited by the targets. Study 4 (N = 152) provides evidence that greater memory for envied--but not neutral--targets leads to diminished perseverance on a difficult anagram task. Findings demonstrate that envy may play an important role in attention and memory systems and deplete limited self-regulatory resources available for acts of volition.
Beyond Words: reviewing moving pictures

That question, again. In order to buy time I cleared my throat, forgetting the yellow cough button, which glared with reproach. From behind a thick glass window a radio technician looked down at a pad of paper, shaking his head. "Nowadays," I began, my voice dropping in poor imitation of the questioner, "historians avoid the word 'accuracy,' for it implies a certainty that is seldom warranted in human affairs."
Should the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone be considered as an alternative to testosterone in the treatment of the andropause

T is a remarkable hormone that has complex mechanisms of action. It may act directly on the nuclear ARs be converted by the 5a reductase enzymes to metabolites such as 5a dihydrotestosterone (DHT) before acting on the AR or aromatized to estrogens (E2) that act on the nuclear ERs. The steroid-steroid receptor complex induces transcriptional regulation through the steroid response elements on the promoter region of the target gene. A complex scheme of steroid specific coactivators and corepressors modulate this transcriptional activity. In addition T and its metabolites may act on the cell surface in a nuclear receptor-independent fashion to exert acute nongenomic actions. The multiple mechanisms by which T can act provide a high degree of tissue and cellular flexibility and an opportunity to use androgens with selective properties to exert the desired effects. (excerpt)
A Single Residue Switch for Mg2+-dependent Inhibition Characterizes Plant Class II Diterpene Cyclases from Primary and Secondary Metabolism

Class II diterpene cyclases mediate the acid-initiated cycloisomerization reaction that serves as the committed step in biosynthesis of the large class of labdane-related diterpenoid natural products, which includes the important gibberellin plant hormones. Intriguingly, these enzymes are differentially susceptible to inhibition by their Mg2+ cofactor, with those involved in gibberellin biosynthesis being more sensitive to such inhibition than those devoted to secondary metabolism, which presumably limits flux toward the potent gibberellin phytohormones. Such inhibition has been suggested to arise from intrasteric Mg2+ binding to the DXDD motif that cooperatively acts as the catalytic acid, whose affinity must then be modulated in some fashion. While further investigating class II diterpene cyclase catalysis, we discovered a conserved basic residue that seems to act as a counter ion to the DXDD motif, enhancing the ability of aspartic acid to carry out the requisite energetically difficult protonation of a carbon-carbon double bond and also affecting inhibitory Mg2+ binding. Notably, this residue is conserved as a histidine in enzymes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and as an arginine in those dedicated to secondary metabolism. Interchanging the identity of these residues is sufficient to switch the sensitivity of the parent enzyme to inhibition by Mg2+. These striking findings indicate that this is a single residue switch for Mg2+ inhibition, which not only supports the importance of this biochemical regulatory mechanism in limiting gibberellin biosynthesis, but the importance of its release, presumably to enable higher flux, into secondary metabolism.
Comparative Histology of Rainbow Trout and Channel Catfish Grown in Intensive Static Water Aquaculture

Abstract Gill, liver, and trunk kidney samples were analyzed from rainbow trout grown in the 1979-80 winter season, and channel catfish reared during the summer in 1981 in static water earthen ponds. Average daily maximum un-ionized ammonia concentrations ranged from 8.3 to 48.7 μg/L in the trout ponds and 63-183 μg/L in the catfish ponds. Trout and catfish both exhibited gill lesions characteristic of ammonia exposure. Trout with the most severe gill damage had livers devacuolated with glycogen, possibly indicating that ammonia exposure reduced feeding. All catfish livers examined had liver vacuolation typical of well-fed specimens. No kidney lesions were found in trout or catfish.
Counterfeit intimacy: A dramaturgical analysis of an erotic performance (Removed)

This article has been removed from the online database. Philip O. Sijuwade has acknowledged that this article, published under his name, had in fact previously appeared elsewhere. The previous article was Graves E. Enck and James D. Preston (1989). The Journal of Deviant Behavior, 9(4), 369-381. Dr. Sijuwade has apologized for his actions to these authors, and to The Journal of Deviant Behavior as well as Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal. Please see Philip O. Sijuwade, Social Behavior and Personality, 1997, 25(4), 400 for his statement. Dr. Sijuwade acknowledges that in publishing in Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, all authors take full responsibility of any permissions necessary. All requests for reprints of this article should be directed to: The Journal of Deviant Behavior, Taylor and Francis Publishers, 1101 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005-3521, USA
Variability of fMRI Activation During a Phonological and Semantic Language Task in Healthy Subjects

zAssessing inter-individual variability of functional activations is of practical importance in the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a clinical context. In this fMRI study we addressed this issue in 30 right-handed, healthy subjects using rhyme detection (phonologic) and semantic categorization tasks. Significant activations, found mainly in the left hemisphere, concerned the inferior frontal gyrus, the superior/middle temporal gyri, the prefrontal cortex, the inferior parietal lobe, the superior parietal lobule/superior occipital gyrus, the pre-central gyrus, and the supplementary motor area. Intensity/spatial analysis comparing activations in both tasks revealed an increased involvement of frontal regions in the semantic task and of temporo-parietal regions in the phonologic task. The frequency of activation analyzed in nine regional subdivisions revealed a high inter-subject variability but showed that the most frequently activated regions were the inferior frontal gyrus and the prefrontal cortex. Laterality indices, strongly lateralizing in both tasks, were slightly higher in the semantic (0.76 +/- 0.19) than the phonologic task (0.66 +/- 0.27). Frontal dominance indices (a measure of frontal vs. posterior left hemisphere dominance) indicated more robust frontal activations in the semantic than the phonologic task. Our study allowed the characterization of the most frequently involved foci in two language tasks and showed that the combination of these tasks constitutes a suitable tool for determining language lateralization and for mapping major language areas. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Statin and aspirin use is associated with improved outcome of FCR therapy in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia

To the editor: Statins and aspirin are widely prescribed medications that have long been associated with improved survival outcome in patients with various types of cancers.[1][1],[2][2] Both statins and aspirin were found to induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells.[3][3],[4][4
Political Systems and the Role of the Military

(1970). Political Systems and the Role of the Military. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 206-218.
Peregrination in the Problem Pediatric Patient The Pediatric Münchhausen Syndrome

Peregrinating pediatric patients are those who go from physician to physician either within hospitals or from clinic to clinic within a community. They are often the symptom bearers of dysfunctional multiproblem families requiring an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Because of the obscure nature of the child's pediatric problems, such children are often shunned by the medical profession and other social agencies, setting in motion a sequence of events that can prove detrimental to the child, his family, the community, and the state. This article illustrates the need for an anticipatory, coordinated approach in the management of this complex psychosocial condition.
Workin' from Cain to Cain't: Challenges within Florida's Gulf Coast Oyster Industry

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Liberal Arts, Department of Florida Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg
Consistency and change in maternal child-rearing practices and values: A longitudinal study.

Although developmental psychologists frequently assume that parents change their child-rearing practices as their children develop, there is little research on this topic and virtually none involving parents of adolescents and a longitudinal, repeated-measures design. We examined changes in mothers' reported practices over time in regard to independence and control, expression of positive and negative affect, and disciplinary practices using items from the Child-Rearing Practices Report (CRPR). The CRPR was administered to the same mothers 5 times over an 8-year time period (from when their children were aged 7 or 8 years until they were 15-16 years old). A substantial degree of stability in behaviors and values was noted, even over the 8-year period. In addition, some practices increased or decreased with age, with most of the changes being consistent with prior theorizing and research, as well as commonsense notions related to child rearing.
Erotics or Hermeneutics

ABSTRACTAlthough grounded in different philosophical traditions, Alexander Nehamas and Hans-Georg Gadamer each return to Plato's idea of the beautiful, to kalon, in order to reclaim the relevance of beauty for our understanding of art today. Their appeal to Plato challenges the reign of aesthetics that both see inaugurated by Kant's aesthetic theory. Nehamas criticizes the Kantian notion of “disinterest” as a “pleasure bereft of desire” in order to reassert the passionate longing that draws us toward art. Gadamer criticizes Kant's analysis for the way it divides the aesthetic from the cognitive, thereby alienating art and beauty from any claim to knowledge or truth. So Nehamas emphasizes the import of Platonic erōs to a phenomenological account of our experience of beauty. Love, so understood, elides any easy distinction between the sensual and spiritual, between the desire to possess and the passion to know—just as beauty cannot be captured in distinctions between what is and what appears. Gadamer draws ...
Behavioral Self‐Regulation of Telework Locations: Interrupting Interruptions! (Retracted)

This study examines the impact of alternative telework strategies on professional and personal outcomes. The research design is a longitudinal between‐participants field experiment with two manipulated factors: satellite office space available (no, yes) and downtown office space available (no, yes). In all four conditions, participants could telework from home. The design incorporated a fifth (control) condition with no telework, reflecting current company policy. One hundred sixty medical coders from a large health care company participated in the experiment. Archival data recorded work locations, task interruptions, quality adjusted task performance, and employee retention, while the experience sampling method (ESM) captured cognitive and affective responses. The findings help to explain the social dynamics of work location autonomy in the rich ecological settings of employees' organizational and personal environments.