cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MORAL EXPERTISE: JUDGMENT, PRACTICE, AND ANALYSIS

This essay defends moral expertise against the skeptical considerations raised by Gilbert Ryle and others. The core of the essay articulates an account of moral expertise that draws on work on expertise in empirical moral psychology, and develops an analogy between moral expertise and linguistic expertise. The account holds that expertise is contrastive, so that a person is an expert relative to a particular contrast. Further, expertise is domain specific and characterized by “automatic” behavior and judgment. Some disagreements in the literature regarding moral expertise are diagnosed as being due to failures to adequately distinguish different ways in which someone can be a moral expert. For example, expertise in action does not imply expertise in judgment or analysis.
Understanding the Roles of Knowledge Sharing and Trust in Online Learning Communities

This paper builds on action and design research aimed at enhancing scholarly community and conversation in a graduate school setting. In this paper we focus on knowledge sharing (KS) and trust as important factors for building a sustainable online learning community (OLC). Guided by theories of social learning and social networking, we survey graduate students to assess their perceptions of KS and trust in communities of practice (CoPs). These results are compared against posttest results measuring community building and knowledge sharing in a stakeholder-defined OLC. Results indicate that although students' initial assessment of KS and trust in CoPs were low, users perceived high levels of value from a stakeholder-defined OLC. Our research offers a proof-of-concept that stakeholder-defined OLCs provide students with the opportunity to develop knowledge networks, while also providing for individual autonomy over their content. Our results also indicate an intriguing alternative to traditional course management systems (CMS).
A simple motion estimator for variable-reluctance motors

A simple motion estimator for inverter-driven variable-reluctance motors is presented. The estimator probes unexcited phases with short voltage pulses from the inverter, and evaluates the resulting currents to measure the phase inductances. From these inductances, instantaneous motor position is estimated. Individual position estimates are optionally combined by a state observer to produce smoothed position and velocity estimates. Next, the secondary phenomena of eddy currents in the motor laminations, inverter switching noise, magnetic coupling between motor phases, and quantization introduced by digital implementation are all examined for their effects on estimator performance. Each phenomenon is addressed by a modification of the estimation. Finally, the estimator is evaluated experimentally using an inverter-driven three-phase motor having six stator poles and four rotor poles. The estimator is implemented digitally with an Intel 8031 microcomputer and little extra hardware. Further, it is embedded into a closed-loop controller of the inverter and motor. >
Violent Video Games, Delinquency, and Youth Violence: New Evidence

Violent video game playing is correlated with aggression, but its relation to antisocial behavior in correctional and juvenile justice samples is largely unknown. Based on a data from a sample of institutionalized juvenile delinquents, behavioral and attitudinal measures relating to violent video game playing were associated with a composite measure of delinquency and a more specific measure of violent delinquency after controlling for the effects of screen time, years playing video games, age, sex, race, delinquency history, and psychopathic personality traits. Violent video games are asso- ciated with antisociality even in a clinical sample, and these effects withstand the robust influences of multiple correlates of juvenile delinquency and youth violence most notably psychopathy.
Metallic nano-particles for trapping light

We study metallic nano-particles for light trapping by investigating the optical absorption efficiency of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film with and without metallic nano-particles on its top. The size and shape of these nano-particles are investigated as to their roles of light trapping: scattering light to the absorption medium and converting light to surface plasmons. The optical absorption enhancement in the red light region (e.g., 650nm) due to the light trapping of the metallic nano-particles is observed when a layer of metallic nano-particle array has certain structures. The investigation of the light with incident angles shows the importance of the coupling efficiency of light to surface plasmons in the metallic nano-particle light trapping.
ROLE OF EGR-1 IN THAPSIGARGIN-INDUCIBLE APOPTOSIS IN THE MELANOMA CELL LINE A375-C6

Induction of apoptosis by diverse exogenous signals is dependent on elevation of intracellular Ca2+. This process of cell death can be blocked by actinomycin D, indicating that it requires gene transcription events. To identify genes that are required for apoptosis, we used thapsigargin (TG), which inhibits endoplasmic reticulum-dependent Ca(2+)-ATPase and thereby increases cytosolic Ca2+. Exposure to TG led to induction of the zinc finger transcription factor, EGR-1, and apoptosis in human melanoma cells, A375-C6. To determine the functional relevance of EGR-1 expression in TG-inducible apoptosis, we employed a dominant negative mutant which functionally competes with EGR-1 in these cells. Interestingly, the dominant negative mutant inhibited TG-inducible apoptosis. Consistent with this observation, an antisense oligomer directed against Egr-1 also led to a diminution of the number of cells that undergo TG-inducible apoptosis. These results suggest a novel regulatory role for EGR-1 in mediating apoptosis that is induced by intracellular Ca2+ elevation. We have previously shown that in these melanoma cells, EGR-1 acts to inhibit the growth arresting action of interleukin-1. Together, these results imply that EGR-1 plays inducer-specific roles in growth control.
An outsourced health-enhancing physical activity programme for people with rheumatoid arthritis: exploration of adherence and response

Objectives. The aims of this study were to document adherence to and changes in health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) levels and self-reported and assessed functioning and to explore aspects of adherence and response during the first year of an outsourced 2-year HEPA programme in people with RA. Methods. Two-hundred and twenty patients participated in this observational cohort study, which included daily physical activity, twice-weekly circuit training and biweekly support group meetings. Selfreported data included current (past week) and maintained (past 6 months) HEPA levels, sociodemographics and disease-related and psychosocial factors. Tests of aerobic capacity and muscle function were performed and anthropometric data were collected. Results. Eighty-eight per cent of the participants completed 1 year assessments. Self-reported current and maintained HEPA increased. General health perception and a number of other self-reported diseaserelated and psychosocial factors improved, while exercise self-efficacy declined. Aerobic capacity, timed standing and grip strength improved and waist circumference decreased. The mean number of circuit training sessions performed was 48, the mean number of days with HEPA was 189 and the mean number of support group meetings attended was 9. Better adherence to circuit training improved general health, and better adherence to group meetings improved timed standing. Exercise self-efficacy improved among those adhering more to circuit training or support group meetings. Conclusion. The outsourced HEPA programme had high retention and reasonable adherence. A number of health outcomes improved. Relationships between adherence to the programme components and response were not clear-cut and need further attention. Trial registration: ISRCTN register; http://www.controlled-trials.com. Trial registration number ISRCTN25539102.
Systemic Drug Toxicity Trends in immunosuppressive Therapy of Immune and Inflammatory Ocular Disease

Abstract Purpose: To compare the relative toxicities of six systemic immunosuppressive drugs and systemic corticosteroids used to treat patients with severe ocular inflammatory disease and to identify factors influencing their occurrence. Methods: The authors reviewed the clinical records of 602 patients with ocular inflammatory disease treated with immunosuppressive drug therapy and/or systemic corticosteroids for adverse systemic effects while undergoing therapy. Proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to identify demographic and clinical factors that influence the occurrence of drug toxicity in these patients. Results: Immunosuppressive drug treatment was more likely to result in discontinuation of therapy because of toxic side effects than was corticosteroid treatment. However, unlike many of the side effects of corticosteroid treatment, the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy were reversible with reduction in dosage or discontinuation of the drug. Gastrointestinal symptoms and hematologic abnormalities accounted for the majority of reported side effects of the immunosuppressive medications. Neuropsychiatric and endocrine side effects were common in patients taking prednisone. In 17 patients treated with prednisone, pathologic fractures developed, which involved the hips and the spine. Female sex and age older than 60 years also were identified as factors associated with intolerance to drug therapy in the authors' study population. Race and type of systemic and ocular disease were not significant factors influencing tolerance to drug therapy. Conclusion: These findings suggest that when properly administered and monitored for adverse effects, most immunosuppressive agents used in the current study have similar risk profiles with relatively few serious therapeutic mishaps and largely reversible side effects. In contrast, corticosteroids can result in permanent disabilities as a result of long-term treatment.
A study of the HMM for speaker-independent isolated word recognition

Two new additions in the design of hidden Markov models (HMMs) are proposed. First, a scheme to incorporate the geometric arrangement of the codebook vectors in their vector space is designed. This information is included in the HMM parameters via smoothing after the initial training phase. Second, a scheme to remove the imbalance in the output symbol probability matrix is devised. This scheme involves the use of time-reversed discretized utterances and training the model from the last state to the first one in the training phase of the HMM design. The various schemes were tested on a 2-speaker, 20-word vocabulary task. The results are given. >
Oral Manifestations of Smokeless Tobacco Use

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been smoked, chewed, and inhaled in various forms for hundreds of years. The primary oral, mucosal, and hard tissue changes associated with SLT use include SLT keratosis (STK); gingival inflammation, periodontal inflammation, and alveolar bone damage; and dental caries, tooth abrasion, and dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Some high-risk STKs are human papillomavirus associated, and the highest level of transition of STK to dysplasia or oral SCC appears to be in those lesions that have a diffuse velvety or papillary texture clinically. There is minimal risk for oral cancer associated with SLT use.
Using Inquiry to Expose Undergraduates to ITS

In our rapidly evolving world, asking the right questions and properly defining problem boundaries is paramount to successful engineering design. These practices are especially vital for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which can address a wide range of transportation problems, but which also can exacerbate these same problems. For example, ITS solutions that address the narrowly defined problem of improving traffic flow in an urban area can lead to more regional sprawl, and therefore more traffic and so on-reinforcing a negative feedback loop with ugly results. If the problem is instead framed as trying to reduce commuting times, entirely different and more sustainable ITS solutions may be found. The best planners proceed with caution to avoid prescribing solutions to perceived problems; instead, they take care to understand challenges to urban mobility and the propagating impacts that different development strategies may have. Genuine inquiry, the act of asking questions, ought to be a foundation of engineering education. Indeed, an accumulating amount of engineering education research makes the benefits of such active learning techniques impossible to ignore. Inquiry-based learning begins by posing questions, problems or scenarios in lieu of simply presenting established facts or portraying an existing path to knowledge. It places students' questions, ideas and observations at the center of the learning experience. As students engage with challenges and questions, they achieve higher levels of learning-past the stage of memorizing and reciting data-to more sophisticated methods of analysis, synthesis, and application. The instructor's role is to creatively combine best practices, including explicit instruction, and small-group and guided learning in an attempt to build on students' interests and ideas, ultimately moving students forward in their paths of intellectual curiosity and understanding. This inquiry-based approach is used to introduce a team of Clemson students to the principles and applications of ITS in developing nations.
Changes in erythrocyte lipid stroma in the premature infant according to dietary fat composition.

. Eighteen premature infants of similar gestational age, divided into three groups, were fed 3 milk formulas containing different amounts of linoleic acid. All the cases received 120 calories per kg of weight and day, of which formula A supplied 6.1 % of the dietary total calories as linoleic acid, formula B 15.9% and formula C only 0.6%. The fatty acids of red cell ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides were studied in a first sample obtained during the first hours of life before the infants had received any food, and in a second sample taken at the age of three weeks. In the group fed formula C (0.6% of the total calories) changes similar to those described in EFA-deficient rats were found, namely, a decrease of linoleic acid, and an increase of oleic acid and of 20: 3 (n-9), with a consequent rise of the triene to tetraene ratio. When the supply of linoleate was highest (15.9% of the total caloric intake) linoleic acid increased, oleic acid decreased and the 20: 3 (n-9) practically disappeared. None of the three groups showed any clinical symptoms.
Three daily servings of reduced-fat milk: an evidence-based recommendation?

In light of research linking sugar-sweetened beverage consumption to obesity, the US Department of Agriculture, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and other organizations have formulated recommendations on healthy beverages. These guidelines consistently recommend limiting consumption of all calorie-containing liquids, except reduced-fat milk, of which people in most age groups are encouraged to consume 3 cups daily. This article questions the scientific rationale for promoting reduced-fat milk consumption at these levels in children and adults and reconsiders the role of cow’s milk in human nutrition.
Robotic vision: What happened to the visions of yesterday?

We will examine the hopes and dreams of a decade ago when there was a lot of excitement hi the community about what could be accomplished with model-based vision in robotics. Many of those dreams have not yet materialized because of a lack of availability of "vision" models (as opposed to CAD models), difficulty of constructing vision models, inadequate robustness of model-based recognition and pose-estimation schemes, excessive sensitivity of recognition and pose-estimation schemes to variations in ambient illumination and object surface condition, etc. Against a background of these difficulties, we chart out the progress that has been made in the areas of visual servoing, bin-picking, mobile-robot navigation, etc.
The Development of the University of Wisconsin's Parallel Hybrid-Electric Aluminum Intensive Vehicle

For competition in the 1998 FutureCar Challenge (FCC98), the University of Wisconsin – Madison FutureCar Team has designed and built a lightweight, charge sustaining, parallel hybrid-electric vehicle by modifying a 1994 Mercury Sable Aluminum Intensive Vehicle (AIV), nicknamed the “Aluminum Cow.” Starting with a prototype, high efficiency, Ford 1.8 liter, turbocharged, direct-injection compression ignition engine, the Wisconsin team is striving for a combined, FTP cycle gasoline-equivalent fuel economy of 21.3 km/L (50 mpg) and Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV) federal emissions levels while maintaining the full passenger/cargo room, appearance, and feel of a fullsize car. To reach these goals, Wisconsin has concentrated on reducing the overall vehicle weight. In addition to customizing the drivetrain, the team has developed a vehicle control strategy that both aims to achieve these goals and also allows for the completion of a reliable hybrid in a short period of time. With these selections, advanced methods of exhaust aftertreatment, and efficient vehicle testing, the University of Wisconsin will be among the front-runners at the FCC98.
Problems in Regression

These problems provide a general introduction to the basic concepts of single and multiple regression. Topics covered include heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, dummy variables, R2 versus standard deviation of residuals, uncertainty in the coefficient, analysis of uncertainty in point prediction from regression model, impact of excluding variable on model, and common sense in model building.
Living in Limbo: Contested Narratives of Patients With Chronic Symptoms Following Lyme Disease

Persistent, subjective symptoms of unknown etiology following treatment for Lyme disease have been termed post- treatment Lyme disease syndrome or chronic Lyme disease (PTLDS/CLD). The objective of this study was to give primacy to the patient experience of this medically contested condition by eliciting patient illness narratives and identifying emergent issues through semistructured interviews conducted among 29 participants. We used thematic narrative analysis to identify three predominant themes: (a) Physical and social limitations lead to a "new normal" characterized by fundamental shifts of ways of being in the world, (b) disease-specific factors contribute to symptom and illness invisibility that affects social support in nuanced ways, and (c) pervasive medical uncertainty regarding PTLDS/CLD promotes an increased sense of personal responsibility for care. Similar to other contested or medically unexplained syndromes, our findings suggest that the social sequelae of PTLDS/CLD can be equally protracted as the physical effects of this illness.
CoWoS™ technologies

CoWoS™ technology is a full 3D IC integration, which offers unique values of simplified integration, favorable yield, and fast time-to-market. The technology is ideal for thin wafer integration flow, as the thin TSV wafer is always protected. The wafer level integration minimizes warpage, which is critical for μ-bump stacking yield and reliability. The advantages of CoWoS get better for larger size chips. The design reference flow is deployed, and full design methodology and kits are ready. The CoWoS technology passed package and product qual on multiple products, and achieved excellent yield in production.
First-order versus second-order phase transformation in AuZn

The first-order versus second-order nature of the phase transition in AuZn has been examined by first-principles calculations. The calculated elastic constants of the high-temperature $B$2 phase have a large anisotropy, which suggests a possible instability in this phase. The first-principles calculations were extended to finite temperature by including vibrational and electronic contributions to the free energy. A small free-energy barrier was found between the high- ($B2$) and low-temperature ($R$) phases, which indicates that this is a weak first-order phase transition. Finally, we find that the calculated theoretical transformation temperature and entropy change (small latent heat) are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations for a first-order transition. Based on the entropy calculations for both phases, the high-temperature phase is found to be stabilized by the contribution of low-energy phonon modes to the lattice entropy.
Trigonometric Sums in Elementary Number Theory

(1959). Trigonometric Sums in Elementary Number Theory. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 105-117.
Epidemiology and Treatment of Epididymitis

Epididymitis was once a common complication of gonorrhea, occurring in 10%-30% of male patients [1]. The etiology of the condition was a subject of lively debate for years. Theories included lymphogenous and hematogenous spread and direct spread through the vas deferens via "reverse peristalsis." Pelouze [1], in 1941, cited a number of other possible etiologic mechanism, such as "the rough and unscientific use of instruments in the posterior urethra, irrigations or injections forcibly given, sexual excitement and excesses, violent physical exercise, digital manipulations of the prostate and seminal structures, or great increases of intra-urethral and intravesical pressures." However, Pelouze rejected all of these explanations in favor of the passage of urine from a full bladder down the vas deferens, although he conceded that the infected urine might well be helped along by one or more of the cited factors. The precise method of epididymal infection remains unknown for many cases, but the incidence of gonococcal epididymitis has decreased markedly since intraurethral treatments, once commonly used, have been replaced by systemic antibiotic therapy.
A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese College EFL Learners' Demotivators

Together with a literature review and a 40-item questionnaire survey,this article investigates the influence intensity of four demotivators,namely Teachers,Learning Contexts,Language Culture Background,and Learners,on 41 EFL learners from China's Ningbo University and 36 counterparts from Wakayama University of Japan to compare correlated similarities and discrepancies.The qualitative and quantitative results of this study indicate significant differences on the intensity ranking and item means of the three demotivators of Teachers,Language Culture Background,and Learners between the two subject groups.With this finding,this article analyses the reasons of subjects' disparate demotivating behaviors from culturally specific factors,so as to reduce or minimize learners' demotivators.
A stability analysis and efficiency improvement of synchronverter

Synchronverter is an inverter equipped with proper control algorithms to mimic the operation of a synchronous generator. In this paper, a stability analysis of the synchronverter is performed and it is shown that the synchronverter's stability margins are directly related to the presence of an external passive resistance. This resistance compromises its efficiency as much as five percent in a typical low-power setting. A modified synchronverter structure is proposed where the passive resistor is removed from the power circuit and its impact is emulated in the control structure. This modification avoids degradation of the efficiency without compromising the stability. The analytical results are verified by digital and real-time simulations.
Diagnosing allergic diseases in children: Practical recommendations for consulting pathologists

In the environment of managed care, children with allergic diseases are increasingly likely to be evaluated by nonallergist physicians. While the presumptive diagnosis of an allergic disease can often be suspected on clinical grounds, signs and symptoms are not reliable for establishing a definitive diagnosis or for deciding on management options. This article discusses the use of immunoglobulin E antibody tests to classify children with allergic symptoms. The information is intended for pathologists who offer consultative laboratory services to nonallergist physicians. Emphasis is placed on defining the minimum number of tests necessary to identify allergic children at different ages.
Measurement of Total Condensation on a Shrouded Cryogenic Surface Using a Single Quartz Crystal Microbalance

A single quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is cooled to 18 K to measure condensation rates inside of a retractable shroud enclosure. The shroud is designed to minimize condensate on fusion targets ...
Impact of electric vehicles on peak load reduction

As electric vehicles (EVs) have being rapidly deployed into the transportation industry, they can be used for a reduction in peak load of electric power distribution systems. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a typical method that analyzes the effect of charging and discharging EVs on (a) a reduction in peak load, (b) an increase in under- (e.g., 0.95 PU) and over-voltage, (e.g., 1.05 PU), and (c) intermittency in voltage and total power generation. For this purpose, this paper (a) proposes a simple strategy that charges EVs at night and discharges them to the grid at peak demand hours, (b) defines a load factor and a change in total power generation from an interval to another, and (c) models a distribution system that hosts charging stations for EVs and photovoltaic (PV) systems. Then, to calculate the power flow of such a distribution system, including PV and charging systems, in steady state, this paper uses the Open Distribution Simulator (OpenDSS), a power system analysis computer program useful for calculating the power flow of electric power systems. Finally, it analyzes the effect of charging and discharging EVs on a distribution system.
The Management Process and the Problem-Solving Method

This chapter provides a definition of management and leadership and discusses the general process of management. Management processes and roles frame all leadership activities. Broad areas of management skills and roles are then presented; the chapter concludes with a discussion of the problem-solving method (the scientific method for a leadership role). The content in this chapter forms the foundation for specific leadership responsibilities that are addressed in Part II of this book.
Systems of Axes and Notation

This chapter explores various systems of axes and notation. By making the appropriate choice of axis, systems order and consistency may be introduced to the process of model building. The order and consistency play an important role in the definition of the mathematical framework. Only the most basic commonly used axes systems appropriate to aircraft are discussed in the chapter. It gives a description of the earth axes and various kinds of aircraft body fixed axes. It is not important which axis system is chosen provided it models the flight condition to be investigated, the end-result does not depend on the choice of axis system. However, when compiling data for use in the equations of motion of an aircraft it is quite common for some data to be referred. Further, euler angles and aircraft attitude is explained. The angles defined by the right handed rotation about the three axes of a right handed system of axes are called Euler angles. The chapter also defines controls notion, wherein aerodynamic controls and engine controls are explained. The last section mentions the aerodynamic reference centers.
A Comparison of Body Composition Models

There has been ample interest in body composition of special populations such as children and older adults. A significant problem occurs when applying the conventional two-component body composition model to these special groups. This two-component model assumes body composition is composed of fat and fat-free components and the composition of the fat-free component is constant across ages, sexes, and races. The fat-free component of the human body can be chemically separated into water, mineral, and protein. In a multicomponent model, the fat-free component varies by age, sex, and race as each subcomponent in the fat-free mass changes according to biological conditions. Changes in water content are important because body water is a major and variable fraction of the fat-free component. Infants and juveniles tend to have a larger water fraction than men. Consequently, in a two-component model, FFM is underestimated in the young. The assumptions in a multi-component model are biologically true but limited in accuracy because measurement errors for each component may accumulate and inflate the errors in the body composition estimates. An alternative is to use dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to obtain body composition measures. Software to allow soft tissue measurements from DXA has become recently available. The equipment is simple to use but the theory behind this soft tissue measurements is not well-defined.
PersonaIA: A Lightweight Implicit Authentication System Based on Customized User Behavior Selection

Motivated by the great potential of implicit and seamless user authentication, we attempt to build an implicit authentication (IA) system with adaptive sampling that automatically selects dynamic sets of activities for user behavior extraction. Various activities, such as user location, application usage, user motion, and battery usage have been popular choices to generate behaviors, the soft biometrics, for implicit authentication. Unlike password-based or hard biometric-based authentication, implicit authentication does not require explicit user action or expensive hardware. However, user behaviors can change unpredictably which renders it more challenging to develop systems that depend on them. In addition to dynamic behavior extraction, the proposed implicit authentication system differs from the existing systems in terms of energy efficiency for battery-powered mobile devices. Since implicit authentication systems including the proposed one rely on machine learning, the expensive training process needs be outsourced to the remote server. However, mobile devices may not always have reliable network connections to send real-time data to the server for training. We overcome this limitation by proposing a W-layer, an overlay that provides a practical and energy-efficient solution for implicit authentication on mobile devices. We implemented partially labeled Dirichlet allocation (PLDA) on the server side for more accurate feature extraction, and achieved 93.3 percent precision and 98.6 percent accuracy in the synthetic dataset. Furthermore, we tested the power consumption of the smartphones used for our experiments and found that our method consumed 14.5 percent of the devices’ total battery usage.
Evaluating structure in thin block copolymer films with soft x-rays (Conference Presentation)

The semiconductor industry is evaluating a variety of approaches for the cost efficient production of future processing and memory generations. Amongst the technologies being explored are multiple patterning steps, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, multiple-beam electron beam lithography and the directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs). BCP DSA utilizes a chemical or topographical template to induce long range order in a thin film of BCP which enhances the resolution of the original pattern. The characterization of buried structure within a DSA BCP film is challenging due to the lack of contrast between the organic materials. Critical-dimension small angle x-ray scattering (CDSAXS) measurements were performed on DSA BCP films, using soft X-rays to tune the contrast, in order to understand the relationship between template structure and film morphology.1 The results of these measurements show that as the width of the guiding stripe widens the arrangement of the BCP on the guiding stripe inverts, shifting from the A block being centered on the guiding stripe to the B block being centered on the guiding stripe. The initial results of integration of mean field simulations into the analysis of scattering data will also be discussed. In addition to examining the BCP structure with CDSAXS, soft X-ray reflectivity2 measurements were performed on BCP to better understand the relationship between interface width for systems with alternative architectures (triblocks) and additives (polymers/ionic liquids). The addition of a selectively associating additive increases the interaction parameter between the two blocks, resulting in the reduction of the interface width and access to smaller pitches. The use of soft X-ray reflectivity allows the evaluation of the distribution of the additive. (1) Sunday, D. F.; Hammond, M. R.; Wang, C.; Wu, W.; Delongchamp, D. M.; Tjio, M.; Cheng, J. Y.; Kline, R. J.; Pitera, J. W. Determination of the Internal Morphology of Nanostructures Patterned by Directed Self Assembly. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 8426–8437. (2) Sunday, D. F.; Kline, R. J. Reducing Block Copolymer Interfacial Widths through Polymer Additives. Macromolecules 2015, 48, 679–686.
Sampling-based approximate optimal temporal logic planning

In this paper, we propose a sampling-based policy iteration for optimal planning under temporal logic constraints. The method integrates approximate optimal control, importance sampling, and formal methods. For a subclass of linear temporal logic, the planning problem is transformed to an optimal control problem for a hybrid system where discrete transitions are triggered by linear time events in temporal logic. Instead of solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, we use policy function approximation to reduce the problem into a search of an optimal weight vector that parametrizes the near-optimal policy for given bases. Then, we incorporate Model Reference Adaptive Search — an importance sampling-based optimization algorithm to perform a sample-efficient search within the parameter space of policy function approximations. Facing the discontinuity in cost function introduced by temporal logic constraints and system dynamics, we introduce 1) a rank function in formal logic specifications to enable sample-efficient search; 2) specification-guided basis selection. Under mild technical assumptions, the proposed algorithm converges, with probability one, to a global approximate optimal policy that ensures the satisfaction of temporal logic constraints. The correctness and efficiency of the method are demonstrated through numerical experiments including temporal logic planning for a linear system and a nonlinear mobile robot.
Surveillance imaging in mantle cell lymphoma in first remission lacks clinical utility.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous disease with high relapse rates. Limited data guide the use of surveillance imaging following treatment. We constructed a retrospective cohort from two academic institutions of patients with MCL who completed first-line therapy and underwent follow-up for relapse, analyzing the effect of surveillance imaging on survival. Of 217 patients, 102 had documented relapse, with 38 (37%) diagnosed by surveillance imaging and 64 (63%) by other methods. Relapse diagnosis by surveillance imaging had no significant advantage in overall survival from diagnosis date (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80, p = .39) or relapse date (HR = 0.72, p = .22). Of 801 surveillance images, PET/CT had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 24% and number needed-to-scan/treat (NNT) of 51 to detect one relapse, and CT had a PPV of 49% and NNT of 24. For MCL after first-line therapy, relapse detection by surveillance imaging was not associated with improved survival and lacks clinical benefit.
Personality, User Preferences and Behavior in Recommender systems

This paper reports on a study of 1840 users of the MovieLens recommender system with identified Big-5 personality types. Based on prior literature that suggests that personality type is a stable predictor of user preferences and behavior, we examine factors of user retention and engagement, content preferences, and rating patterns to identify recommender-system related behaviors and preferences that correlate with user personality. We find that personality traits correlate significantly with behaviors and preferences such as newcomer retention, intensity of engagement, activity types, item categories, consumption versus contribution, and rating patterns.
Life Cycle Optimisation from A Noncooperative Perspective: Game Theory-Based Models and Applications

Abstract In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative life cycle optimization (LCO) framework chain based on both the leader-follower Stackelberg game and life cycle optimisation framework. Instead of assuming a single stakeholder as in existing LCO models, we specifically consider the conflicting objectives regarding economic and environmental performance for different stakeholders. An application on the sustainable design and optimization of shale gas supply chains is considered, where the shale gas producer is identified as the leader optimizing its net present value (NPV) and the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The shale gas processor is identified as the follower that takes actions after the leader to maximize its own NPV. The resulting problem is formulated as a multiobjective mixed-integer bilevel linear program and solved by an efficient projection-based reformulation and decomposition algorithm. Based on a case study of the Marcellus shale play, the non-cooperative model not only captures the interactions between stakeholders but also provides more realistic solutions.
Privacy preserving data mining

Data mining has emerged as a significant technology for gaining knowledge from vast quantities of data. However, concerns are growing that use of this technology can violate individual privacy. These concerns have led to a backlash against the technology, for example, a "Data-Mining Moratorium Act" introduced in the U.S. Senate that would have banned all data-mining programs (including research and development) by the U.S. Department of Defense. Privacy Preserving Data Mining provides a comprehensive overview of available approaches, techniques and open problems in privacy preserving data mining. This book demonstrates how these approaches can achieve data mining, while operating within legal and commercial restrictions that forbid release of data. Furthermore, this research crystallizes much of the underlying foundation, and inspires further research in the area. Privacy Preserving Data Mining is designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers in industry. This volume is also suitable for graduate-level students in computer science.
Ensuring Implementation Fidelity of a 10-Week Home Visiting Program in Two Randomized Clinical Trials

Introduction Implementation fidelity is a challenge for the adoption of evidence-based programs within social service broadly and child welfare specifically. However, implementation fidelity is critical for maintaining the integrity of clinical trials and for ensuring successful delivery of services in public health settings. Methods Promoting First Relationships ® (PFR), a 10-week home visiting parenting intervention, was evaluated in two randomized clinical trials with populations of families in child welfare. Seven providers from community agencies participated in the trials and administered PFR. Fidelity data collected included observational measures of provider behavior, provider records, and input from clients to assess training uptake, adherence to content, quality of delivery, program dosage, and participant satisfaction. Results In mock cases to assess training uptake, providers demonstrated an increase in PFR verbalization strategies and a decrease non-PFR verbalizations from pre to post PFR training, and overall this was maintained a year later (Mann-Whitney U's = 0, p's < .01). Adherence to content in actual cases was high, with M = 97% of the program elements completed. Quality of delivery varied across providers, indicated by PFR consultation strategies (Wilks' Lambda F = 18.24, df = 15, p < .001) and global ratings (F = 13.35, df = 5, p < .001). Program dosage was high in both trials (71 and 86% receiving 10 sessions), and participant satisfaction was high (M = 3.9, SD = 0.2; 4 = greater satisfaction). Discussion This system of training and monitoring provides an example of procedures that can be used effectively to achieve implementation fidelity with evidence-based programs in social service practice.
3D bioprinting blood vessels

Abstract Tissue engineering uses an interdisciplinary approach to generate functional tissue substitutes for the repair or replacement of tissues injured in the human body. Among the different types of tissues, blood vessels are one of the most important yet challenging tissues to engineer. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have provided unique versatility in engineering blood vessels with highly sophisticated structures, strong reproducibility, and high biological relevance. In this chapter, we discuss 3D extrusion bioprinting strategies for engineering blood vessels, including sacrificial, embedded, hollow tube, and microtissue bioprinting, followed by a brief conclusion.
Performance Analysis of Relay-Based Two-Way D2D Communications With Network Coding

In this paper, we present an analytical approach to evaluate the performance of dual-hop, two-way, and asymmetric device-to-device (D2D) communications with and without network coding. In our approach, we first establish a relationship between link outage probability (LOP) and packet loss probability (PLP), where PLP is defined as a function of LOP. By distinguishing between two types of probabilities, we then investigate the system throughput and end-to-end packet loss probability (E2EPLP). Our evaluation results reveal that when PLPs of all links along one-way D2D communications are greater or smaller than those of their corresponding links along the other direction, network coding can achieve higher throughput (about 25%), as well as an lower E2EPLP (approximately 10%). We believe that the proposed analytical approach can provide a useful insight into the application of network coding in relay-based D2D networks.
Interaction of Chemical Pesticides and Their Formulation Ingredients with Microbes Associated with Plants and Plant Pests

Chemical pesticides and their formulation ingredients can have unintended effects on microbes associated with plants and plant pests. These effects can be due to direct effects on the microbes or to effects on crops or weeds that subsequently affect the microbes. In addition to fungicides, some insecticides, herbicides, and formulation compounds are toxic to plant pathogenic microbes, as well as to potentially beneficial microbes, such as those that infect insect pests. These chemicals, especially herbicides, can also indirectly affect microbes through their effects on crops and weeds. For example, glyphosate strongly impairs shikimic acid pathway-based plant defenses to microbial diseases in glyphosate-susceptible plants, significantly increasing its efficacy as an herbicide. Some herbicides induce plant defenses against plant pathogens. For a complete understanding of integrated pest management and overall cost/benefit of pesticide use, much more information is needed on microbial/pesticide interactions.
Locke Against the Epicureans

One of the primary philosophical labours that Locke took upon himself was the refutation of materialism and the establishment in its place of a divine physics, so I shall argue. I shall also argue that this task was fundamental to his entire philosophical programme, and that he was guided in this endeavour not only by mere natural reason but by reason enlarged by revelation, in particular, by thoughts concerning the work of Christ and the resurrection of the dead.
Consequence Based Procedure for Description Logics with Self Restriction

We present a consequence-based classification procedure for the description logics with self-restriction constructor. Due to the difficulty of constructing a concept inclusion model for self-restriction, we use a different proof by showing that all the completion rules can simulate all the corresponding ordered resolution inferences.
Lack of Health Insurance Coverage and Mortality Among Latino Elderly in the United States

The Latino population in the United States represents one of the most rapidly growing and dynamic racial and ethnic groups in the country. For example, the Latino population in the U.S. increased by 58% between 1990 and 2000 compared to a growth of only 13% in the nation’s overall population (Saenz, 2004). However, the Latino population, especially the Mexican and Puerto Rican populations, has consistently been close to the bottom of the socioeconomic hierarchy of the United States. Indeed, Mexicans have the lowest educational level among the major racial and ethnic groups in the country, while also, along with Puerto Ricans, having relatively high levels of poverty. Yet, Latinos have high levels of labor force participation. Nonetheless, they tend to occupy jobs that are disproportionately located in the secondary labor market—jobs that offer low wages, limited opportunities for advancement, and hardly any benefits. Because employment represents the major route for securing health insurance coverage, Latinos, especially Mexicans, have the lowest level of health insurance coverage in the country (Amey, Seccombe, and Duncan, 1995; Angel and Angel, 1996; Angel, Angel, and Markides, 2002; Trevino et al., 1991). The lack of insurance has immediate and long-term consequences, especially among the poor and the working poor. For example, it is quite expensive to receive health care without health insurance coverage. Certainly, for those without resources, health care is a luxury, with the result being that people do not seek health care until it is no longer possible to postpone it. Research has demonstrated that Mexicans have the lowest rates of health care utilization largely due to the lack of health insurance (Anderson et al., 1981; Estrada, Trevino, and Ray, 1990; Roberts and Lee, 1980; Solis et al., 1990; Trevino et al., 1991; Trevino et al., 1996). In addition, people who lack resources and health insurance are particularly vulnerable when they become elderly, a stage in their lives when health care needs increase significantly. Again, research has shown that Mexican elderly are less likely to