cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilateral adrenocortical adenomas causing ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome at different periods: A case report and discussion of corticosteroid replacement therapy following bilateral adrenalectomy

We report a rare case of bilateral adrenocortical adenomas causing ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome at different periods 9 yr apart. The subject, a 24-yr-old woman, in June 1989 had a typical Cushingoid appearance. Her baseline plasma cortisol levels did not show a diurnal rhythm and she had a very low baseline plasma ACTH level. Plasma cortisol levels could not be suppressed by overnight low-dose or two-day high-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Marked uptake of 131I-6s-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) was observed in the right adrenal gland. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a right adrenal tumor. The right adrenal gland with adenoma was removed. The non-tumorous part of the adrenal cortex was atrophic. By April 1998, she had experienced a weight gain of more than 20 kg over a two-yr period. The baseline plasma cortisol levels were at the lower limit of the normal range with loss of diurnal rhythmicity. The baseline plasma ACTH levels were very low. Neither a two-day low-dose nor a two-day high-dose dexamethasone suppression test could suppress serum cortisol or urinary free cortisol levels. NP-59 adrenal scan revealed increased uptake of the left adrenal gland at 72 h after intravenous injection of the tracer. Abdominal CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) all demonstrated a left adrenal mass. Left adrenalectomy was performed in June 1998; histological features showed a cortical adenoma and atrophic change in the non-tumorous part of the adrenal cortex. Elevated plasma ACTH levels after bilateral adrenalectomy could be suppressed with conventional corticosteroid replacement therapy and overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test.
Relationship between social competence and sensory processing in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders

Abstract Purpose This study examines the relationship between social competence and sensory processing in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. Methodology Children, ages 6–10 (N = 36), with high functioning autism spectrum disorders were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Sensory Profile (SP). A bivariate correlational design was used to compare the scores (Spearman Rank Correlational Coefficient). Results Significant differences were seen between mild to moderate and severe categories of SRS scores, based on Mann–Whitney U test (p Conclusions This study adds a clearer understanding of the relationship between sensory processing and social competence for children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. The degree of correlation indicates that sensory processing is a function of severity within autism spectrum disorders and may be an important factor to consider when addressing the social performance of these children.
Dexamethasone suppression test abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: relation to ACTH therapy.

We studied the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in patients with MS. In about 50% of patients, serum cortisol did not fall below 5.0 ug/dl. This percentage was similar in patients with major depression, but contrasted to 11% in normal controls. MS nonsuppressors were not more depressed than suppressors; dexamethasone bioavailability may have contributed because nonsuppressors had lower serum dexamethasone levels than suppressors. Suppressors improved in the week following ACTH therapy; nonsuppressors did not. Furthermore, serum dexamethasone values correlated positively with clinical response to ACTH treatment. The DST may be a useful neuroendocrine test of glucocorticoid sensitivity in MS patients.
Risk‐Taking in the Texas S&L Industry: Charter and Ownership Effects

This paper attempts to identify some of the factors that help explain the losses experienced by S&Ls during the 1980s. Texas institutions are the focus of this study because they account for over half of the total failure costs incurred for the entire industry during the 1980s. Differences in risk-taking behavior by S&Ls according to both charter type and ownership type are examined. The empirical results suggest that deregulation was not the fundamental cause of the industry losses. Instead, the results indicate that the basic behavioral determinants are ownership structure and owner-contributed equity capital.
Gotta move: Women in tap

Gotta move: Women in tap Dir. Lynn Dally, 2010, DVD, 44 min Produced by Lynn Dally and Gayle Hooks, Los Angeles, CA. ISBN: 978-0-615-36027-0 Lynn Dally’s Gotta Move: Women in Tap (2010) documents a...
Effects of Lateral Ball Location, Grade, and Sex on Catching:

To investigate the effects of lateral movement on the quality and quantity of catching as they interact with age, 108 children from Kindergarten through Grade 4 were tested. A ramp was constructed which slowed the descent of the 4-in. fleece ball so that it took 1.8 sec. to arrive at the child's location. Each ball could be delivered to one of five different locations in relation to the child. The child practiced five times, with balls coming in a random sequence to each location, the center of the ramp, 1 ft. and 2 ft. each to the right and left of the center. An increase in number of catches made and in the quality of the performance based on McClenaghan and Gallahue's evaluation were associated with grade. The locations 2 ft. from the center produced the fewest catches within a grade, but 1 ft. from center produced more catches from kindergarteners than the center location and occasionally for upper grades. Evaluations of the performances showed a steady improvement across grades, but there was no effe...
Generalized state-property relations for nonluminous flame absorption coefficients

The purpose of this article is to present a simple method for estimating the Planck-mean absorption coefficient, which is based only upon the local properties in the flow field; which is to say, the mixture fraction f. The approach is to estimate the local temperature and composition of an optically thin adiabatic system. The narrow-band model is then used to predict the corresponding absorption coefficient, a{sub p}(f). An empirical relation founded upon the definition of the Planck-mean absorption coefficient for a single vibrational band is derived. Means to account for nonoptically thin and nonadiabatic flames are introduced, and a method to estimate the incident-mean absorption coefficient is suggested.
Reserves Through Sakai: University of Dayton's Primary Tool for Electronic Reserves

In the fall of 2008 the University of Dayton began using the open-source course management software, Sakai. At the same time the university libraries were examining areas in which migration of resources could take place in order to help save on annual operating costs. One project that developed was to eliminate the library's subscription to its commercial electronic reserves software, ERes. By migrating library content into Sakai, the library reached students who already used course management software to access their course material, thus creating a sole access point for electronic reserves and eliminating the need for a commercial reserves package.
Effect of cervical vagotomy on sympathetic nerve responses to peripheral interleukin-1β

Although the vagus nerve is an important neural pathway mediating immune-to-brain communication, the role of the vagus in mediating sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) responses to peripheral cytokines is not well established. In the present study we determined renal, interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), splenic, and lumbar SND responses before and for 60 min after the intravenous administration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta, 100 ng) in chloralose-anesthetized, sham-vagotomized and cervical-vagotomized (bilateral) rats. In sham-vagotomized rats, IL-1beta administration increased (P<0.05) splenic and lumbar SND while renal and IBAT SND remained unchanged from control levels. Renal, splenic, and lumbar SND were increased (P<0.05) whereas IBAT SND remained unchanged from control after IL-1beta in vagotomized rats. Renal, splenic, and lumbar SND responses were significantly higher after IL-1beta in vagotomized compared with sham-vagotomized rats. These results demonstrate that regionally-selective SND (renal, splenic, and lumbar) responses to IL-1beta can occur in the absence of the vagus nerve and suggest that the vagus nerve provides a tonic inhibition to the discharges in these nerves in response to peripheral IL-1beta.
Kinetic models of oxygen evolution in photosynthesis

Abstract Oxygen production in photosynthesis occurs by a dark reaction of water molecules with a powerful oxidant produced by light absorbed in pigment system II. The production of the oxidant that reacts directly with water requires several steps. Recently, P. Joliot and co-workers (1969) and B. Kok and co-workers (1970, 1971) have proposed models that involve the accumulation of two or four positive charges before oxygen is evolved. In order to explain their experimental data, Joliot et al . additionally suggested a “flip flop” mechanism in the operation of the reaction center, and Kok et al . added “double hits” and “misses” in the same reaction center. Alternative models have been proposed here that equally well explain the data. In the first one, oxygen can be evolved from an accumulation of two positive charges as in Joliot's model; in contrast to Joliot et al .'s two charge “flip flop” model, this particular two charge hypothesis explains the existing experimental data. In the second one, an accumulation of four charges are needed for oxygen evolution as in Kok's model; this model, however, differs from the latter model because it does not require a “double hit” on the same reaction center, but in it, each oxygen evolving site has two bound reaction centers 11. This alternate four charge hypothesis also explains the existing experimental data. From detailed mathematical analyses of all the models, we conclude that the earlier models are not unique, and the two models presented here should be considered as valid alternate models for oxygen evolution in green plants. The pitfall of considering a model unique, because it fits all data, is, therefore, emphasized here.
Trials and tribulations associated with angina and traditional therapeutic approaches.

Summary Ischemic heart disease is the foremost cause of death in the United States and the developed countries. Stable angina is the initial manifestation of ischemic heart disease in one half of the patients and becomes a recurrent symptom in survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) and other forms of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). There are multiple therapeutic modalities currently available for treatment of anginal symptoms in patients with stable CAD. These include anti-anginal drugs and myocardial revascularization procedures such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Anti-anginal drug therapy is based on treatment with nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. A newly approved antianginal drug, ranolazine, is undergoing phase III evaluation. Not infrequently, combination therapy is often necessary for adequate symptom control in some patients with stable angina. Howerever, there has not been a systematic evaluation of individual or combination antianginal grug therapy on hard clinical end points in patients with stable angina. Most revascularization trials that have evaluated treatment with CABGS, PTCA, or PCI in patients with chronic CAD and stable angina have not shown significant improvement in survival or decreased incidence of non-fatal MI compared to medical treatment. In the
Glass fiber breakup in corotating twin screw extruder: Simulation and experiment

The damage of glass fibers at various conditions was investigated in a corotating twin screw extruder by varying viscosity, screw speed, and screw configuration. Increasing the screw speed and melt matrix viscosity were found to increase the extent of fiber breakage. Based on the experimental data and Euler buckling theory, a composite modular kinetic model to describe glass fiber breakage was developed. Regions of the major and minor fiber breakage in a corotating twin screw extruder were found. The simulation program based on the experimental data and kinetic constants was developed for fiber breakage along the screw length. Comparisons were made between simulated results and experimental data indicating a reasonable quantitative agreement between them. Predictions of the model are also in general qualitative agreement with many published data on fiber breakage in twin screw extruders. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
The integrity of digital information: mechanics and definitional issues

This article surveys the issues of integrity of digital information in the networked environment. The emphasis is on the content of specific digital objects as they are transferred and transformed and on the meanings of integrity in these contexts, rather than on broader questions related to the migration of a system of literature into electronic formats. The current state of the art in techniques used to maintain information integrity such as document digest algorithms and cryptographic signatures is also briefly surveyed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The choice of reference points in best-match file searching

Improvements to the exhaustive search method of best-match file searching have previously been achieved by doing a preprocessing step involving the calculation of distances from a reference point. This paper discusses the proper choice of reference points and extends the previous algorithm to use more than one reference point. It is shown that reference points should be located outside of data clusters. The results of computer simulations are presented which show that large improvements can be achieved by the proper choice and location of multiple reference points.
Weaker soil carbon–climate feedbacks resulting from microbial and abiotic interactions

Parameterization of the temperature sensitivity of decomposition and efficiency of microbial carbon use represent large sources of uncertainty in soil carbon–climate responses. Now research shows that interactions between temperature, microbial biogeochemistry and mineral surface sorptive reactions could result in variable but weaker soil carbon–climate feedbacks compared with conventional substrate characterization with static temperature sensitivity.
Nitrogen mineralization in native cultivated and abandoned fields in shortgrass steppe

We conducted a set of in situ incubations to evaluate patterns of N availability among dominant land uses in the shortgrass steppe region of Colorado, USA, and to assess recovery of soil fertility in abandoned fields. Replicated 30 d incubations were performed in 3 sets of native (never cultivated), abandoned (cultivated until 1937), and currently cultivated, fallow fields. Net N mineralization and the percentage of total N that was mineralized increased in the order: native, abandoned, cultivated. Higher soil water content in fallow fields is the most likely reason for greater mineralization in cultivated fields, while higher total organic C and C/N ratios in native and abandoned fields may explain differences in mineralization between these land uses. Recovery of soil organic matter in abandoned fields appears to involve accumulation of soil C and N under perennial plants, but probable methodological artifacts complicate evaluation of the role of individual plants in recovery of N availability. Higher N mineralization and turnover in cultivated fields may make them more susceptible to N losses; recovery of N cycling in abandoned fields appears to involve a return to slower N turnover and tighter N cycling similar to native shortgrass steppe.
Measurements and modeling of photosynthesis in field crops

We will review the status of photosynthetic field crop research contributing to the prediction of crop behavior, aspects of laboratory photosynthetic research that can be used to predict behavior in the field, interactions between crop photosynthesis and other plant processes, and aspects of related modeling problems. We will build on other CRC reviews related to this subject area. We will also emphasize physiological aspects of genotypic differences in photosynthetic rates.
DNA damage-induced cell-cycle arrest of hematopoietic cells is overridden by activation of the PI-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway.

Exposure of hematopoietic cells to DNA-damaging agents induces cell-cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M checkpoints. Previously, it was shown that DNA damage–induced growth arrest of hematopoietic cells can be overridden by treatment with cytokine growth factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO) or interleukin-3 (IL-3). Here, the cytokine-activated signaling pathways required to override G1 and G2/M checkpoints induced by γ-irradiation (γ-IR) are characterized. Using factor-dependent myeloid cells stably expressing EPO receptor (EPO-R) mutants, it is shown that removal of a minimal domain required for PI-3K signaling abrogated the ability of EPO to override γ-IR–induced cell-cycle arrest. Similarly, the ability of cytokines to override γ-IR–induced arrest was abolished by an inhibitor of PI-3K (LY294002) or by overexpression of dominant-negative Akt. Moreover, the ability of EPO to override these checkpoints in cells expressing defective EPO-R mutants could be restored by overexpression of a constitutively active Akt. Thus, activation of a PI-3K/Akt signaling pathway is required for cytokine-dependent suppression of DNA-damage induced checkpoints. Together, these findings suggest a novel role for PI-3K/Akt pathways in the modulation of growth arrest responses to DNA damage in hematopoietic cells.
Wrist activity monitor counts are correlated with dynamic but not static assessments of arm elevation exposure made with a triaxial accelerometer

There is evidence in the literature of a link between workplace arm elevation exposure and atraumatic shoulder injuries. However, there are several methods that can be used to assess this exposure. The goal of the present study was to compare the outcomes of an activity monitor attached to the wrist and a triaxial accelerometer mounted on the humerus. Twenty-one workers wore both sensors over the course of a full workday. While the activity monitor data was not significantly correlated with any static humeral parameters, it was strongly correlated with all dynamic parameters. The use of a simple, commercially available activity monitor might offer an inexpensive alternative for the assessment of a large number of subjects over multiple workdays to determine the relationship between dynamic motion and occupation shoulder injuries in the future. Practitioner Summary: Arm overuse has been linked to occupation-related shoulder injuries. An activity monitor attached to the wrist and a triaxial accelerometer mo...
The Dark Side of the New Organizational Forms: An Editorial Essay

I suppose one might have persuaded oneself that this was but the replacement of an ancient tranquility, or at least an ancient balance, by a new order. Only to my eyes, quickened by my father's imitations, it was manifestly no order at all. It was a multitude of uncoordinated fresh starts, each more sweeping and destructive than the last, and none of them ever worked out to a ripe and satisfactory completion. Each left a legacy of products-houses, humanity, or whatnot-in its wake. It was a sort of progress that had bolted; it was change out of hand, and going at an unprecedented pace nowhere in particular. H. G. Wells from New Machiavelli, 1910
Concomitant Length and Diameter Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Gel electrophoresis and column chromatography conducted on individually dispersed, ultrasonicated single-walled carbon nanotubes yield simultaneous separation by tube length and diameter. Electroelution after electrophoresis is shown to produce highly resolved fractions of nanotubes with average lengths between 92 and 435 nm. Separation by diameter is concomitant with length fractionation, and nanotubes that have been cut shortest also possess the greatest relative enrichments of large-diameter species. Longer sonication time causes increased electrophoretic mobility in the gels; thus, ultrasonic processing determines the degree of both length and diameter separation of the nanotubes. The relative quantum yield decreases nonlinearly as the nanotube length becomes shorter. These techniques constitute a preparative, scalable method for separating nanotubes by two important attributes required for electronic and sensor applications.
Maternal fever, neonatal sepsis evaluation, and epidural labor analgesia.

Background and Objectives Numerous studies have found an association between epidural analgesia for labor and maternal fever (temperature ≥38°C). Maternal fever often results in treatment with maternal or neonatal antibiotics, neonatal sepsis evaluation, and increased costs. Methods Medline was used to identify literature regarding the association between epidural labor analgesia and maternal fever/neonatal sepsis. Studies examining thermoregulation during pregnancy and/or epidural analgesia were also reviewed. Results There appears to be a strong association between epidural labor analgesia and maternal fever. The link between epidural labor analgesia and neonatal sepsis evaluation is less clear. The incidence of confirmed neonatal sepsis does not increase with maternal epidural analgesia. Causes of the association between epidural labor analgesia and maternal fever include selection bias, altered thermoregulation, and increased shivering or decreased sweating with epidural analgesia. Conclusions Maternal epidural labor analgesia is associated with maternal fever and possibly increased neonatal sepsis evaluation. There is no proof the relationship is causal.
Rotational relaxation for a rough particle model

Abstract Angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy relaxation for a simple model due to Widom is studied. Averages and correlation functions decay strictly exponentially, while distributions can exhibit two peak structures absent in approximate treatments but observed experimentally.
Individual differences in the multisensory temporal binding window predict susceptibility to audiovisual illusions.

Human multisensory systems are known to bind inputs from the different sensory modalities into a unified percept, a process that leads to measurable behavioral benefits. This integrative process can be observed through multisensory illusions, including the McGurk effect and the sound-induced flash illusion, both of which demonstrate the ability of one sensory modality to modulate perception in a second modality. Such multisensory integration is highly dependent upon the temporal relationship of the different sensory inputs, with perceptual binding occurring within a limited range of asynchronies known as the temporal binding window (TBW). Previous studies have shown that this window is highly variable across individuals, but it is unclear how these variations in the TBW relate to an individual’s ability to integrate multisensory cues. Here we provide evidence linking individual differences in multisensory temporal processes to differences in the individual’s audiovisual integration of illusory stimuli. Our data provide strong evidence that the temporal processing of multiple sensory signals and the merging of multiple signals into a single, unified perception, are highly related. Specifically, the width of right side of an individuals’ TBW, where the auditory stimulus follows the visual, is significantly correlated with the strength of illusory percepts, as indexed via both an increase in the strength of binding synchronous sensory signals and in an improvement in correctly dissociating asynchronous signals. These findings are discussed in terms of their possible neurobiological basis, relevance to the development of sensory integration, and possible importance for clinical conditions in which there is growing evidence that multisensory integration is compromised.
Characterization of the Genomic Structure, Chromosomal Location and Promoter of Human Prostaglandin H Synthase-2 Gene

Prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. The human PGHS has two isoforms. PGHS-1 is a house keeping gene whereas PGHS-2 is an inducible gene. We reported here the isolation of the entire PGHS-2 gene and its 5'-flanking region from a human bacteriophage P1 genomic library. The gene containing 10 exons is 7.5 kb in length and located at chromosome 1. The transcriptional start site was mapped at 134 bases upstream from the ATG start codon. Nucleotide sequence of 1.8 kb promoter region contains a TATA box and a number of potential regulatory elements including CRE, NF-kappa B, Sp1 and AP2 sites. Studies of the promoter activity showed that the first 460 nucleotides of 5'-flanking region efficiently drove transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in human umbilical vein endothelial cells upon stimulation with phorbor ester.
Nonaccidental pediatric head injury: diffusion-weighted imaging findings.

OBJECTIVEDiffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) reveals nonhemorrhagic posttraumatic infarction hours to days before conventional computed tomographic scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated the diagnostic utility of DWI in children with nonaccidental head trauma.METHODSThe medical reco
Determination of traces of gallium based on stripping voltammetry with adsorptive accumulation

Abstract Trace levels of gallium can be quantified by linear-sweep voltammetry after absorptive preconcentration of the gallium/solochrome violet RS chelate on the hanging mercury-drop electrode. The interfacial and redox behaviors are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The adsorbed chelate yields two distinct reduction peaks that can be utilized to quantify gallijm. The effects of preconcentration time and potential, dye concentration, bulk concentration of gallium, and other variables on the chelate peaks are investigated. For a 2-min preconcentration time, the detection limit is 0.08 μg l−1. With preconcentration for 60 s, calibration plots are linear for the range 0–16 μg ml−1 gallium. Possible interferences by other trace metals and surface-active organic materials are investigated. Gallium added to samples of sea and rain water was quantified readily.
Power modeling and other new features in the Graphite simulator

This paper described recent improvements to the Graphite simulator designed to help explore current and emerging research topics. With these improvements, Graphite is ideally suited to explore both power and performance in future multicore and manycore processors, especially those incorporating dynamic runtime monitoring and adaptation. Separate validation of Graphite has shown performance results within about 6% on average (18% worst case) of a cycle-level simulator and normalized power trends are predicted to within 10%. This makes Graphite accurate enough for medium- to long-term studies while maintaining very high performance. Graphite is freely available for anyone to use: http://graphite.csail.mit.edu.
BIwTL: a business information warehouse toolkit and language for warehousing simplification and automation

Rapidly leveraging information analytics technologies to mine the mounting information in structured and unstructured forms, derive business insights and improve decision making is becoming increasingly critical to today's business successes. One of the key enablers of the analytics technologies is an Information Warehouse Management System (IWMS) that processes different types and forms of information, builds, and maintains the information warehouse (IW) effectively. Although traditional multi-dimensional data warehousing techniques, coupled with the well-known ETL processes (Extract, Transform, Load) may meet some of the requirements in an IWMS, in general, they fall short on several major aspects: 1. They often lack comprehensive support for both structured and unstructured data processing; 2. they are database-centric and require detailed database and data warehouse knowledge to perform IWMS tasks, and hence they are tedious and time-consuming to operate and learn; 3. they are often inflexible and insufficient in coping with a wide variety of on-going IW maintenance tasks, such as adding new dimensions and handling regular and lengthy data updates with potential failures and errors. To cope with such issues, this paper describes an IWMS, called BIwTL (Business Information Warehouse Toolkit and Language), that automates and simplifies IWMS tasks by devising a high-level declarative information warehousing language, GIWL, and building the runtime system components for such a language. BIwTL hides system details, e.g., databases, full text indexers, and data warehouse models, from users by automatically generating appropriate runtime scripts and executing them based on the GIWL language specification. Moreover, BIwTL supports structured and unstructured information processing by embedding flexible data extraction and transformation capabilities, while ensuring high performance processing for large datasets. In addition, this paper systematically studied the core tasks around information warehousing and identified five key areas. In particular, we describe our technologies in three areas, i.e., constructing an IW, data loading, and maintaining an IW. We have implemented such technologies in BIwTL 1.0 and validated it in real world environments with a number of customers. Our experience suggests that BIwTL is light-weight, simple, efficient, and flexible.
Conformally flat manifolds.

Abstract This note describes some new examples of conformally flat manifolds, as a step toward a classification of such manifolds up to conformal equivalence.
Comments on the dimensionality of time

Some brief remarks are made on the relation between the ordering and dimensionality properties of time and the laws of physics. Time is defined as the ordinal of the set of photographs describing the configuration of the Universe associated with each collision of a test particle. This set of pictures is ordered by a parameter which appears in simple physical laws, and it is these laws which determine the ordering. Time is one-dimensional because these snapshots can be ordered with a single parameter. The signature of space-time appears to be related to the measurement process. If there were no time dimension, there would probably be no physical laws, because there would seem to be nothing to predict: while if there were more than one timelike dimension, then the extra dimensions may be unobservable and so physically nonexistent.
Executive function predicts artificial language learning

Previous research suggests executive function (EF) advantages among bilinguals compared to monolingual peers, and these advantages are generally attributed to experience controlling two linguistic systems. However, the possibility that the relationship between bilingualism and EF might be bidirectional has not been widely considered; while experience with two languages might improve EF, better EF skills might also facilitate language learning. In the current studies, we tested whether adults’ and preschool children’s EF abilities predicted success in learning a novel artificial language. After controlling for working memory and English receptive vocabulary, adults’ artificial language performance was predicted by their inhibitory control ability (Study 1) and children’s performance was predicted by their attentional monitoring and shifting ability (Study 2). These findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that EF processes may be employed during initial stages of language learning, particularly vocabulary acquisition, and support the possibility of a bidirectional relationship between EF and language acquisition.
Determination of fibre strength distributions from bundle tests using optical luminescence spectroscopy

The tensile strength distribution of fibres is a key constitutive property of fibre reinforced composites and is often described using Weibull statistics. However, the standard experimental methods...
Termination of Paroxysmal Junctional Tachycardia by Right Ventricular Stimulation

This report documents the use of right ventricular stimulation in the termination of a rapid junctional tachycardia. The tachycardia developed in the background setting of heart block and bradycardia. Right ventricular stimulation was effective at 94/min, a rate considerably slower than that of the tachycardia. Analysis of pacemaker stimuli during the tachycardia defined ventricular refractory and excitable periods. Within the ventricular excitable period there was a critical time interval during which stimulation produced premature ventricular depolarization and abrupt termination of the tachycardia. These findings support the hypothesis that junctional tachycardias in the absence of the Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome may be sustained by reentry mechanisms. Moreover, right ventricular stimulation may be a valuable therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of such tachycardias.
Phase Lock for Correlation Detection of a Periodic Pulse

The detection of the presence of a periodic pulse with uncertain pulse rate and low duty cycle is a common biotelemetry problem. Modern phase-lock and correlation techniques have provided more efficient means of making the presence decision than that provided by energy detection methods. A local signal is cross correlated with the input in a phase-locked loop (PLL) to provide phase reference. Upon lock, a local duplicate signal is generated and correlated with the input. A decision threshold operates on the correlator output. The PLL with filter F(s) = (s+a)/s and three appropriate nonlinearities are analyzed for acquisition time and maximum frequency error that will lock.
Field sensitivity of the short-wavelength-sensitive mechanism in the protanope's parafoveal retina.

The parafoveal short-wavelength-sensitivity mechanism in a protanopic patient with retinitis pigmentosa was found to lack the secondary (long-wavelength) field-sensitivity mode, a property that is characteristic of Stiles’s pi 1 mechanism. The results document that normal protanopic observers also lack this mode and reject the hypothesis that the present measurements reflect a pi 3-like—rather than the pi 1-like—mechanism.
STRUCTURE-ACTION RELATIONSHIPS OF CORTICOSTEROID COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF LEUKEMIC L5187Y CELL REPRODUCTION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO.

Abstract Corticosteroids of the “glucocorticoid-anti-inflammatory” class inhibit the reproduction of leukemic L5178Y cells in mice and in culture. The following modifications of the basic cortisol molecule were found to be associated with enhanced growth-inhibitory activity: (1) an α- or β-methylation at C-16; (2) formation of a 16α,17α-o-iso-propylidene derivative; and (3) α-halogenation at C-6 or C-9. Single modifications such as the introduction of the Δ'-double bond or α-methylation at C-6 did not enhance the growth-inhibitory activity of the basic cortisol molecule. When combined with other substituent groups, however, both the Δ'-double bond and α-methylation at C-6 revealed their activity-enhancing potential in the L5178Y system. The most potent Corticosteroids studied—triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone—exerted a marked cytolytic action upon the leukemic cells in vivo; however, these steroids also were comparably more toxic in leukemic mice, indicating that the poor therapeutic indices of both these compounds limit the full expression of their capacity to destroy leukemic cells. The similarity of structural requirements for the ability to inhibit cellular reproduction of pure populations of leukemic L5178Y cells in vitro and in vivo suggests that the corticosteroids act directly upon these cells. Accordingly, it is believed that leukemic L5178Y cell cultures provide a convenient and reliable system for the evaluation of new antileukemic Corticosteroids prior to their trial in appropriate animal systems.
Latest Developments in Surgical and Minimally Invasive Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease

Surgical treatment of metastatic disease to bone continues to evolve. Advances have been made in diagnosis, improved surgical outcomes, and minimally invasive procedures. Improved prediction of risk for bone fracture continues to evolve with CT-based techniques including structural rigidity analysis and finite element modeling. Improved surgical outcomes have been seen in treatment of proximal femoral pathologic lesions and fractures with the pendulum swinging toward more use of endoprosthetic devices over internal fixation, humeral lesions with a wide variety of techniques, and acetabular lesions with the use of tantalum acetabular cups and augments. Minimally invasive techniques including osteoplasty, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, and high-intensity ultrasound offer alternatives to open surgical treatment. Despite this evolution, the goals of treatment remain the same: pain relief, immediate stability, local disease control, and maintenance or restoration of function.
The isolation of crime, law, and deviance from the core of sociology

The study of crime, law, and deviance is considered to be an isolated subarea of sociology that draws upon but does not contribute to the core of the discipline. Subareas, the specific and substantive topics of sociology, may be expected to make less obvious and direct contributions to the core than do theory, methodology, social organization, and social psychology as the major areas of sociology. And within subareas, studies that are readily applied may be considered less integrated and contributory to the discipline than the more “pure” or basic science subareas. This analysis examines the relationships between areas, subareas, and the core of sociology; the subject matter of sociological subareas; the actual versus perceptual isolation of crime, law, and deviance studies from the core; and the meaning of contribution. Measurement of contribution is limited to a survey ofSociological Abstracts, theCumulative Index of Sociology Journals, and the 1993 program for the American Sociological Association annual meetings. Comparing area and subarea publications and conference sessions suggests that, contrary to expectations, crime, law, and deviance research constitutes a significant portion of the available knowledge base. The perceived isolation of crime, law, and deviance from sociology may be explained by professional bias against applied studies of stigmatized populations.
Low- t Theorems for Charged-Pion Photoproduction

Low-$t$ theorems for charged-pion photoproduction are proven on the basis of gauge-invariance restrictions. They can be simply formulated by means of the minimal gauge-invariant extension of pion exchange (MPE). It is shown that whereas MPE leads in $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}N$ only to weak restrictions for $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}}$ near the forward direction ($|t|\ensuremath{\lesssim}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}$), it does actually account for all the structure observed in $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$ in this $t$ domain. Results for these reactions as well as the other charge modes of $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\Delta}$ are discussed and compared with experiment.
Tgl4 Lipase: A Big Fat Target for Cell-Cycle Entry

In a recent issue of Molecular Cell, Kurat et al. (2009) find that when quiescent yeast re-enter the cell cycle, the cell-cycle cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylates and activates the lipase TgI4, liquidating fat and providing fatty acids for cell-cycle entry.
Optimizing the placement of two emergency facilities

Abstract The optimal locations for two emergency facilities within a hypothetical township are determined in several ways. Exhaustive searches are sufficient to solve the simplier versions of the problem. Arguments are given that extend these results to more general cases. An analytical approach is presented which allows the optimal locations to be found in closed form; these expressions are solved numerically by an efficient computer algorithm which is based on LeChǎtelier's Principle. A full sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the problem parameters and suboptimal solutions.
Epimerization of an L-cysteinyl to a D-cysteinyl residue during thiazoline ring formation in siderophore chain elongation by pyochelin synthetase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The thiazoline-containing siderophores pyochelin, yersiniabactin, and Micacocidin A all have d-thiazoline rings, participating in high-affinity chelation of ferric iron. However, studies with pyochelin (Pch) synthetase and yersiniabactin (Ybt) synthetase reconstituted from pure protein components have shown that only l-cysteine is activated and tethered as a covalent aminoacyl−S−enzyme intermediate. Nor are any of the canonical epimerase domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines found in the Ybt or Pch synthetase modules. Here, we report that the PchE subunit of the Pch synthetase exchanges solvent deuterium into the C2 center of the thiazoline moieties during siderophore chain elongation. Both PchE and HMWP2, from Ybt synthetase, subunits have a 310−360-residue insert in their amino acid activation domains that look like defective methyltransferase (MT) domains. We suggest these inserts are noncanonical epimerase domains, reversibly deprotonating and reprotonating acyl−S−enzyme int...
Elements of a General Correlation for Turbulent Heat Transfer

Typically, heat transfer researchers present results in the form of an empirically based relationship between a length-based Nusselt number, a length-based Reynolds number, and a fluid Prandtl number. This approach has resulted in a multitude of heat transfer correlations, each tied to a specific geometry type. Two recent studies have contributed key ideas that support the development ofa more general correlation for turbulent heat transfer that is based on local parameters. Maciejewski and Moffat found that wall heat transfer rates scale with streamwise turbulent velocity fluctuations and Anderson and Moffat found that the adiabatic temperature rise is the driving potential for heat transfer. Using these two concepts and a novel approach to dimensional analysis, the present authors have formulated a general correlation for turbulent heat transfer. This correlation predicts wall heat flux as a function of the turbulent velocity fluctuations, the adiabatic temperature rise, and the fluid properties (density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity). The correlation applies to both internal and external flows and is tested in air, water, and FC77.
Abstract A37: Discovery of novel luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) peptides as a nanotherapeutic targeting drug delivery system for prostate, ovarian, breast, and cervical cancers.

Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptors (LHRHR) are overexpressed on cancer cell surfaces of the prostate, ovary, breast, and cervix'each of which reflect a health disparity in the African American, Latino, and Asian communities. Chemotherapy in combination with surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy is commonly used to treat these cancer types. Novel LHRH analogues have been discovered and optimized to selectively deliver cytotoxic agents to the tumor mass as a means to improve therapeutic index and efficacy while sparing normal tissues. We have synthesized several generations of 20% down-substituted One Bead One Compound (OBOC) focused libraries composed of select D- and L- amino acids, carboxylic acids, sulfonyls, and isocyanates, and screened under highly stringent conditions against LHRHR positive, negative, and overexpressing cell lines. Our novel LHRH analogues out performed clinical LHRH analogues [d-Trp6] LHRH and [d-Lys6] LHRH in binding affinity against LHRHR in vitro. Cell adhesion ligands for prostate (PC3N, PC3M), breast (MDA MB-231, MCF7), ovarian (A2780), and cervical cancer (HeLa, SiHa) have been discovered, and their use as tumor-homing agents for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is being explored in xenograph models. Our preliminary studies utilizing our docetaxel loaded disulfide cross-linked nanoparticle platform demonstrate a therapeutic efficacy against PC3M-luc subcutaneous xenograft. We believe these drug loaded nanocarriers will be able to target and kill cancer cells more efficiently while minimizing side effects compared to current treatments when decorated with our highly specific and high affinity LHRH ligands. This approach is a promising strategy for future clinical development. Citation Format: David J. Olivos, III, Mary R. Saunders, Yuanpei Li, Nasir Al Awwad, Kit S. Lam. Discovery of novel luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) peptides as a nanotherapeutic targeting drug delivery system for prostate, ovarian, breast, and cervical cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A37.
Ovarian cancer and high-risk women-implications for prevention, screening, and early detection.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to understand the strengths and limitations of current prevention, detection, and screening methods for ovarian cancer and to identify research areas to improve prevention, screening, and detection of the disease for all women as well as for women carrying a mutation in the BRCA1/2 genes. Methods We convened an ovarian cancer symposium at the University of Pittsburgh in May 2002. Nineteen leading scientists representing disciplines such as epidemiology, molecular biology, pathology, genetics, bioinformatics, and psychology presented the latest data on ovarian cancer prevention, screening, and early detection. Results Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death from a gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Because survival depends on stage of diagnosis, early detection is critical in improving clinical outcome. However, existing screening techniques (CA125, transvaginal ultrasound) have not been shown to reduce morbidity or mortality. Moreover, with the exception of oral contraceptives, there are no available chemopreventive agents. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy also has been shown to reduce incidence, but this procedure has several drawbacks in terms of a woman's reproductive, cardiovascular, skeletal, and mental health. Conclusion Better methods to prevent, detect, and screen for ovarian cancer in all women, but particularly in high-risk women carrying mutations in BRCA1/2, are urgently needed. This article reviews the current state of knowledge in the etiology, prevention, and early detection of ovarian cancer and suggests several areas for future clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory-based research.
The Meaning of General Theoretical Sociology: Tradition and Formalization

List of figures and tables Preface Introduction 1. A philosophy of general theoretical sociology 2. Dynamical social systems and the key problems 3. Action theory and social order 4. Structuralism unification Summary Notes References Index of names Index of subjects.