cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Aesthetic Jaw Line: Management of the Aging Jowl

The lower third of the face is often an afterthought in aesthetic plastic surgery. Aging across the mandibular border may be described by several mechanisms: fat atrophy and volume loss; shifting of subcutaneous fat compartments; and mandibular septum dehiscence with submandibular fat hypertrophy. Accurate diagnosis of the apparent mechanism of jaw line aging is critical to successful facial rejuvenation. Diagnosis directs the plastic surgeon as to which key anatomic components in this region to manipulate to optimize rejuvenation. The senior author's technique for facial rejuvenation across the mandibular border is described with an algorithm for facial rejuvenation of the jaw line. Several consistent patterns of facial aging are apparent and a theory of their mechanism is suggested: (1) patients with thin skin and minimal jowling resulting from fat atrophy; (2) jowl ptosis with normal skin and loss of submalar hollow and midface fullness, caused by displacement of fat compartments; and (3) cascading confluent fat over the mandible, produced by septum dehiscence. Fat atrophy is treated with fat replacement, either injectable or autologous fat. Jowl ptosis is treated with septum release and superficial musculoaponeurotic system elevation to restore jaw line definition. Confluent fat is treated by septum release, superficial musculoaponeurotic system elevation, and direct excision of fat over the mandible. Application of techniques without proper analysis and definition may lead to an operated look with a swept jaw line. Undertreatment may not achieve jaw line definition.
Cloning and characterization of a gene coding for a protein (KAP) associated with the kinetoplast of epimastigotes and amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Abstract We have cloned and characterized a gene of Trypanosoma cruzi which encodes a protein, KAP (kinetoplasts-associated protein), expressed in the kinetoplasts of epimastigotes and amastigotes, the replicative stages of the parasite, but not in kinetoplasts of trypomastigotes. The single-copy gene is transcribed into a 3900-nt polyadenylated mRNA. Its trans -splicing acceptor site is preceded by a run of 15 adenosine residues. An open reading frame of 1052 codons is followed by a 3′ untranslated region containing short sequences characteristic of rapidly degradable RNAs. The potential translation product of the KAP gene contains a central region composed of four blocks of repeats of a 9-amino-acid motif. Rabbit antibodies raised against three synthetic peptides containing KAP sequence recognized a 175-kDa protein in epimastigotes and amastigotes which appears by indirect immunofluorescence to be associated with their kinetoplasts. The antibodies do not recognize the kinetoplast of trypomastigotes. The amino terminus of KAP contains features compatible with mitochondrial topogenic sequences.
The Effect of Wind-Turbine Wakes on Summertime US Midwest Atmospheric Wind Profiles as Observed with Ground-Based Doppler Lidar

We examine the influence of a modern multi-megawatt wind turbine on wind and turbulence profiles three rotor diameters (\(D\)) downwind of the turbine. Light detection and ranging (lidar) wind-profile observations were collected during summer 2011 in an operating wind farm in central Iowa at 20-m vertical intervals from 40 to 220 m above the surface. After a calibration period during which two lidars were operated next to each other, one lidar was located approximately \(2D\) directly south of a wind turbine; the other lidar was moved approximately \(3D\) north of the same wind turbine. Data from the two lidars during southerly flow conditions enabled the simultaneous capture of inflow and wake conditions. The inflow wind and turbulence profiles exhibit strong variability with atmospheric stability: daytime profiles are well-mixed with little shear and strong turbulence, while nighttime profiles exhibit minimal turbulence and considerable shear across the rotor disk region and above. Consistent with the observations available from other studies and with wind-tunnel and large-eddy simulation studies, measurable reductions in wake wind-speeds occur at heights spanning the wind turbine rotor (43–117 m), and turbulent quantities increase in the wake. In generalizing these results as a function of inflow wind speed, we find the wind-speed deficit in the wake is largest at hub height or just above, and the maximum deficit occurs when wind speeds are below the rated speed for the turbine. Similarly, the maximum enhancement of turbulence kinetic energy and turbulence intensity occurs at hub height, although observations at the top of the rotor disk do not allow assessment of turbulence in that region. The wind shear below turbine hub height (quantified here with the power-law coefficient) is found to be a useful parameter to identify whether a downwind lidar observes turbine wake or free-flow conditions. These field observations provide data for validating turbine-wake models and wind-tunnel observations, and for guiding assessments of the impacts of wakes on surface turbulent fluxes or surface temperatures downwind of turbines.
Cross-national integration in Northeast Asia: Geopolitical and economic goals in conflict

To shed light on conflicting views of the regional readjustment under way, this article views Northeast Asia from various geographical angles. It compares local strategies for regionalism, identifying the perspectives of six border cities, two each in China, Japan, and Russia. Problems of regionalism are treated in light of the poor fit among local strategies. The past five years have produced more conflict than cooperation, which can also be explained by differing national strategies. The article examines linkages among the region’s powers, suggesting how they affect regionalism, and concludes with an analysis of divergence in national strategies.
Successful approaches in the TREC video retrieval evaluations

This paper reviews successful approaches in evaluations of video retrieval over the last three years. The task involves the search and retrieval of shots from MPEG digitized video recordings using a combination of automatic speech, image and video analysis and information retrieval technologies. The search evaluations are grouped into interactive (with a human in the loop) and non-interactive (where the human merely enters the query into the system) submissions. Most non-interactive search approaches have relied extensively on text retrieval, and only recently have image-based features contributed reliably to improved search performance. Interactive approaches have substantially outperformed all non-interactive approaches, with most systems relying heavily on the user's ability to refine queries and reject spurious answers. We will examine both the successful automatic search approaches and the user interface techniques that have enabled high performance video retrieval.
Isotopic tracers of nitrogen from atmospheric deposition to coastal waters

Nitrogen deposition to global oceans from the atmosphere can be about two times that of natural riverine input [see Duce et al. (1991) for recent comprehensive review]. Even accounting for the increased loading of riverine nitrogen by anthropogenic inputs, total atmospheric deposition (AD) is essentially equal to that of riverine sources. Among growth-limiting nutrients, nitrogen plays a key role in regulating primary and secondary productivity both on regional and global scales (e.g., Ryther and Dunstan, 1971; Nixon et al., 1986). As such, proper identification and characterization of nitrogen sources and their impacts on nutrient flux and trophic utilization is of prime concern in understanding biogeochemical responses in coastal ecosystems (Eppley and Peterson, 1979; Paerl, 1985; Legendre and Gosselin, 1989). AD represents a quantitatively-important, but poorly assessed, nitrogen source in these ecosystems (Paerl, 1985; Fisher et al., 1988; Prado-Fiedler, 1990; Loye-Pilot et al., 1990). Current estimates indicate that from 20% to as much as 50% of annual "new" nitrogen loading is attributable to AD alone in geographically-diverse coastal regions, including those along the U.S. Eastern Seaboard (Fisher et al., 1988 ). Even among large bodies of water such as the Baltic and Mediterranean Seas, AD constitutes a highly-significant N source (PradoFiedler, 1990; Loye-Pilot et al., 1990). In North Carolina's adjacent coastal Atlantic waters, AD is a major source (35-80%) of new nitrogen. Assumptions for this type of calculation include the following: ( 1 ) advective input of N from Gulf Stream is very low; ( 2 ) no upwelling is occurring; and (3) N2 fixation accounts for no more than 10% of new N inputs. Here, AD has been shown to significantly stimulate primary production by as much as 50-200% at natural input levels (Paerl, 1985; Paerl et al., 1990). The need to have a more detailed understanding of the impacts of AD of nitrogen in coastal waters is pressing, because previouslypristine segments of the coastal oceans are now exhibiting both incipient and advanced stages of eutrophication. Nitrogen from AD may be a unique nutrient source in the coastal zone for two reasons. Firstly, direct surface water deposition, as wet and dryfall, frequently occurs downstream of oligoand mesohaline estuarine nutrient stripping regions that assimilate a majority ofterrigenous N inputs (Boynton et al., 1982; Sharp et al., 1984). In shallow coastal areas, such as those present along the mid-Atlantic states, dilution of AD is minimized, which amplifies its importance as a new nitrogen source. Secondly, AD is highly dynamic in terms of the magnitudes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved organic nitro-
Molecules Immobilization in Titania Nanotubes: A Solid-State NMR and Computational Chemistry Study

Molecule immobilization in hydrothermally synthesized titania nanotubes is investigated by 13C solid-state NMR aided density functional theory calculations. The changes of 13C NMR spectra before and after immobilization indicate that phenols are chemisorbed and that aliphatic acid is possibly physisorbed in titania nanotubes. Hydroquinone exhibits monodentate bonds, and catechol exhibits bidentate bonds to accessible surface Ti sites in titania nanotubes. Immobilization of anthrarobin confirms that bidentate bonding is favored over monodentate bonding. Density functional calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level suggest that catechol is immobilized dissociatively via bridge bidentate bonding to neighboring surface Ti sites rather than chelate bidentate bonding to single surface Ti sites.
Seasonal Course of Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Distribution of 14C in Young Pinus resinosa Trees as Related to Wood Formation

Rates of net photosynthesis and dark respiration, and distribution of 14 C were determined for new (current season9s) and old (previous season9s) needles at 10 times during the seasonal development of young Pinus resinosa Ait. trees. The seasonal changes in these factors associated with the development of the new shoot were related to known seasonal patterns of wood formation. Net photosynthesis per gram of needle dry weight (photosynthetic efficiency) was maximum in the old needles at the time of first new needle elongation; at the same time translocation of 14 C from old to new needles was greatest. Photosynthetic efficiency of new needles was maximum at the end of the period of rapid new needle elongation, when the new needles also began exporting much greater quantities of 14 C to other plant parts. In particular, the amount translocated from the new needles to the stem was greatly increased. At this time thick-walled xylem cells were first observed in the stem. These results, together with those of previous studies, indicate that the production of thick-walled xylem tracheids normally associated with latewood is physiologically correlated with maturation of the current season9s needles. Because there is a lesser demand for photosynthate in the new shoot and a high rate of photosynthesis in the whole plant at the time of new needle maturity, a sharply increased amount of photosynthate becomes available for wall synthesis by cambial derivatives.
Immunomodulation Therapy for Invasive Aspergillosis: Discussion on Myeloid Growth Factors, Recombinant Cytokines, and Antifungal Drug Immune Modulation

Understanding fungal pathogenesis and host-pathogen immune interaction at various stages of infection is critical to examine strategies for bolstering antifungal immune defenses. Recombinant myeloid growth factors, especially granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the protagonist T helper (Th) 1 cytokine, interferon-γ, are most frequently used in patients with refractory invasive aspergillosis. These cytokines are given alone or in combination and have also been used together in neutropenic patients receiving donor granulocyte transfusions. Recently, a number of investigators have presented provoking data regarding auxiliary effect of conventional antifungal drugs on hosts’ immune response and pathogen’s susceptibility for antifungal immune defenses. Antifungal immunotherapy and its ameliorative role in treatment for Aspergillus disease will need clinical trials that 1) consider well-characterized fungal disease; 2) illustrate underlying immune defect(s) (such as Th1 vs Th2, vs Th17 and functional status of natural killer and effector scavenger cells); 3) include a more specific patient population; 4) include standardized antifungal drug therapy; and importantly 5) consider its impact on hosts’ immune response and changes in pathogen’s susceptibility and virulence. At present, immunotherapy is reserved for patients with life-threatening invasive fungal disease in whom conventional antifungal drug therapy has failed, or for patients with advanced fungal disease and with factors associated with high probability of failure of conventional therapy alone.
Resident research education in physical medicine and rehabilitation: A practical approach

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education includes training in research as a required component of physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs. Unfortunately, there is a lack of practical information on how to meet this requirement. In this paper, information is provided for individuals involved in resident education on how to teach residents about research.
Chemical interference by drugs and other substances with clinical laboratory test procedures.

Abstract A critical review of the original literature has been made to identify drugs and other substances which interfere chemically with clinical laboratory test procedures. The nature and extent of such interference has been correlated with particular methods of analysis.
The definitive management of Hirschsprung's disease with the endorectal pull-through procedure

From 1 July 1974 to 31 August 1985, 99 patients with Hirschsprung's disease were treated at the University of Michigan Mott Children's Hospital; 75 were initially diagnosed and treated at our institution. Of these 75 patients, 55 had standard rectosigmoid disease and 20 had long-segment disease. The endorectal pull-through (ERPT) procedure was used consecutively in 73 of the 75 patients; the other two children died, one because of total intestinal aganglionosis and the other due to severe congenital anomalies, prior to a definitive procedure. Of the 24 patients referred by other institutions, 12 underwent repeat pull-through procedures and 12 required lesser operations to deal with the complications of prior procedures. There were no postoperative deaths and no permanent enterostomies among the 73 consecutive ERPT patients. The follow-up in this series ranges from 4 months to 10 years, and all patients have fecal continence with an average of 3–4 stools daily. Our treatment plan involves the use of suction rectal biopsy for diagnosis and leveling colostomy in the neonatal period. An endorectal pull-through procedure is then carried out between 8 months and 1 year of age. The excellent functional results, 0% operative mortality, low morbidity, and technical ease of performing the ERPT underscore our enthusiasm for continued use of this procedure in Hirschsprung's disease.
Inorganic Complexes of Divalent Mercury in Natural Water Systems

Abstract Equations which describe the nature and behavior of inorganic complexes of divalent mercury are presented. Simplification of these equations and application to natural water systems showed that divalent mercury likely forms the uncharged complexes Hg(Cl)2, HgClOH, and Hg(OH)2. Calculations predicted that as pH or Cl- concentration increased HgCl2 or Hg(OH)2 became dominant, respectively, while HgClOH served as a transitional complex. Divalent mercury in four Wisconsin rivers was calculated to be present as Hg(OH)2 (63 to 92 percent), HgClOH (8 to 35 percent) and HgCl2 (less than 1 to 2 percent).
POLITENESS: COMPARING NATIVE AND NONNATIVE JUDGMENTS

This study investigated the judgments of politeness made by both native speakers of American English and nonnative ESL learners with varied language backgrounds. The judgments were made on eight different request strategies in English, using the method of rank orderings in a contextualized condition. The eight strategies tested were systematically varied across three syntactic/semantic features generally regarded in the theoretical literature (e.g., Lakoff 1972, 1973b. Jespersen 1964, Quirk and Greenbaum 1973) as varying with politeness-namely, imperative/declarative/ interrogative mood, presence or absence of modals, and tense of modals (“can” vs. “could”). Previous work in this area in ESL, e.g., Rintell(1979), Scarcella (1980). Waiters(1980). while a fruitful beginning, has analyzed spontaneously produced data and has not explored the syntactic/ semantic distinctions systematically. By contrast, this study analyzes theory-based distinctions via judgments elicited under controlled conditions. Results indicated that the responses of both native speakersand ESL learners fell into a hierarchy similar to that hypothesized. There was also a high and significant correlation between the natives and nonnatives in their politeness judgments, a finding similar to that of Walters (1980). In general, however, the ESL learners tended to perceive more distinctive levels of politeness than the native speakers, reflecting a kind of “over-sensitivity” to syntactic/semantic form distinctions. Examination ofthe native politeness hierarchy showed each of the three syntacticlsemantic features contributing differentially to politeness; this suggests that in teaching the pragmatics of politeness, different grammatical patterns should not be given equal teaching emphasis.
Online Impression Management: Personality Traits and Concerns for Secondary Goals as Predictors of Self-Presentation Tactics on Facebook

This study investigates the utility of personality traits and secondary goals as predictors of self-presentation tactics employed by Facebook users. A structural equation model of self-presentation tactics on Facebook was proposed and tested. Although fit of the initial model was good, the final model, eliminating three paths and adding two others, yielded a significantly better fitting model. Findings show that personality traits predicted concern for secondary goals (N = 477) and that secondary goals predicted the use of various self-presentation tactics used on Facebook. Results indicated that these personality traits and secondary goals are both theoretically and empirically sound components for the conceptualization of online impression management.
Cross Modal Displays for Haptic Information

Haptic Displays present information to the sensory modality of touch. Tele-robotic tasks that are usually conducted in the absence of information that we gather by the sense of touch will benefit g...
α4β1 Integrin Affinity Changes Govern Cell Adhesion

Integrin α4β1 is a receptor for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and fibronectin. It is important in lymphopoiesis, inflammatory recruitment of leukocytes, and other situations that require cell adhesion to the vascular endothelium. The avidity of the cells expressing α4β1 integrin can be rapidly changed by chemokines and chemoattractants. Different mechanisms, including changes in the number of interacting molecules due to the alteration of the receptor topology or changes in the affinity of the individual bonds, have been proposed to explain the nature of these fast changes in avidity. Recently, we described a fluorescent LDV-containing small molecule, which we used to monitor the affinity changes on live cells in real time (Chigaev, A., Blenc, A. M., Braaten, J. V., Kumaraswamy, N., Kepley, C. L., Andrews, R. P., Oliver, J. M., Edwards, B. S., Prossnitz, E. R., Larson, R. S. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 48670–48678). Here we show that the affinity of the small molecule probe as well as the native ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 varies in parallel when the integrin is modulated with divalent cations and that the affinity modulation leads to the changes in cell avidity. Using formyl peptide receptor-transfected U937 cells, we further show that the time course of avidity changes in response to the receptor activation coincides with the time course of the affinity changes. Taken together, these data are consistent with the idea that affinity regulation is a major factor that governs the avidity of cell adhesion mediated by the α4 integrin.
Regularization method for scatter-glare correction in fluoroscopic images.

Fluoroscopic images are degraded by scattering of x rays from within the patient and by veiling glare in the image intensifier. Both of these degradations are well described by a response function applied to either the scatter-free or primary intensity. The response function is variable, with dependence on such factors as patient thickness and imaging geometry. We describe an automated regularization technique for obtaining response function parameters with a minimal loss of signal. This method requires a high-transmission structured reference object to be interposed between the x-ray source and the subject. We estimate the parameters by minimizing residual correlations between the reference object and the computed subject density after a scatter-glare correction. We use simulated images to evaluate our method for both ideal and clinically realistic conditions. We find that the residual root-mean-square (rms) error ideally decreases with an increasing number of independent pixels (N) as (1/N) 1/2 . In simulated 256×256 angiograms mean normalized rms errors were reduced from 40% to 11% in noise-free images, and from 41% to 17% in noisy images, with a similar improvement in densitometric vessel cross-section measurements. These results demonstrate the validity of the method for simulated images and characterize its expected performance on clinical images.
SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGION, EMOTIONAL COPING, AND CRIMINAL DESISTANCE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF MEN UNDERGOING CHANGE

Retrospective narratives of change consistently emphasize the importance of religious devotion and spirituality in initiating sustained behavioral change, but little is known about the process by which religion and spirituality promote desistance from crime. The current project is designed to add to the knowledge of the relationship between religion/spirituality and behavioral change by systematically investigating the ways that men residing in a halfway house define the role of religion/spirituality as an emotion-coping mechanism in their desistance efforts. The qualitative data reveal that religion/spirituality is primarily used by these men currently undergoing behavioral change as a form of emotional comfort, a distraction from current stressors, and as factor demarcating the transition from deviance to a more conventional life. Suggestions for religious programming designed to stimulate behavioral changes are discussed.
Beyond "on" or "with": Questioning Power Dynamics and Knowledge Production in "Child-Oriented" Research Methodology.

By taking a reflexive approach to research methodology, this article contributes to discussions on power dynamics and knowledge production in the social studies of children. The author describes an...
Laws for the lawless: ethics in (information) science

Information workers are increasingly required to involve themselves in activities which may have ethical implica tions: deciding between information sources, evaluating out put, carrying out surveys of usage, etc. There is little guidance as to what constitutes reasonable behaviour and there is, as yet, no adequate code of conduct for the profession. Debates on the usefulness of such a code have often lacked direction and failed to address the major issue of whether information can ever by supphed on a neutral, value-free, basis This article considers the arguments for and against the neutral supply of information services and summanses the main areas of ethical concern in information work and information research before assessing whether a formal code of ethics is really the best solution for the profession.
Purification and properties of diploid particles of coliphage M13

Abstract Diploid particles of coliphage M13 have been detected among the progeny phage resulting from mixed infections of host bacteria by 2 complementing conditional lethal mutants. Mutants in cistron 6 favor the production of these diploid phages, while mutants in cistrons 1 and 5 depress their frequency. The diploid particles have been purified by column chromatography through a cation exchange resin, and it has been found that they are twice as long as the normal, haploid, phages and that they contain 2 DNA molecules, each of which is equal in size to the haploid DNA. One half of the diploid phage population is heterozygous, containing 1 copy of each of the 2 parental genomes. The second half of the diploid phage population contains duplicate copies of one or the other parental phage genome.
A new bound for neighbor-connectivity of abelian Cayley graphs

For the notion of neighbor-connectivity in graphs, whenever a vertex is ''subverted'' the entire closed neighborhood of the vertex is deleted from the graph. The minimum number of vertices whose subversion results in an empty, complete, or disconnected subgraph is called the neighbor-connectivity of the graph. Gunther, Hartnell, and Nowakowski have shown that for any graph, neighbor-connectivity is bounded above by @k. The main result of this paper is a sharpening of the bound for abelian Cayley graphs. In particular, we show by constructing an effective subversion strategy for such graphs, that neighbor-connectivity is bounded above by @[email protected]/[email protected]?+2. Using a result of Watkins the new bound can be recast in terms of @k to get neighbor-connectivity bounded above by @[email protected]/[email protected]?+2 for abelian Cayley graphs.
Bounds for the Eigenvalues of the Fractional Laplacian

In this article, we extend Polya's legendary inequality for the Dirichlet Laplacian to the fractional Laplacian. Polya's argument is revealed to be a powerful tool for proving such extensions on tiling domains. As in the Dirichlet Laplacian case, Polya's inequality for the fractional Laplacian on any bounded domain is still an open problem. Moreover, we also investigate the equivalence of several related inequalites for bounded domains by using the convexity, the Lieb–Aizenman procedure (the Riesz iteration), and some transforms such as the Laplace transform, the Legendre transform, and the Weyl fractional transform.
Experimental evaluation of different chordal preservation methods during mitral valve replacement

During chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement (MVR), some recommend anatomic reattachment of the anterior leaflet chordae to the anterior annulus; others advocate shifting the chordae to the posterior annulus. To compare the results of these techniques with those of conventional MVR (total chordal excision), 21 dogs were studied 5 to 12 days after implantation of tantalum markers to measure left ventricular volume and geometry. One to 3 weeks later, animals underwent conventional MVR (n = 7) or chordal-sparing MVR with either anterior chordal reattachment (n = 7) or posterior transposition (n = 7). Contractility was assessed using physiologic volume intercepts for end-systolic elastance, preload recruitable stroke work, and the relationship of the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure to the end-diastolic volume. The physiologic intercept for end-systolic elastance did not change after anterior or posterior MVR, but increased from 60 +/- 14 mL before MVR to 72 +/- 17 mL with conventional MVR (p < 0.002), indicating impaired left ventricular contractility. Similarly, the physiologic intercept for preload recruitable stroke work and the relationship of the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure to the end-diastolic volume increased 22% +/- 13% and 28% +/- 13%, respectively, after conventional MVR, but neither changed after anterior or posterior MVR. Although the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship did not change with either chordal-sparing technique, its slope increased 98% +/- 73% after conventional MVR (p < 0.008). Thus, although chordal preservation maintained better systolic and diastolic function, there was no substantial difference between the results of the anterior and posterior chordal-sparing techniques in this model.
A Partial Area Difference Analysis for Estimating Elimination Rate Constants and Distribution Volumes of Metabolites

Abstract The true elimination rate constant of a metabolite is calculated using a partial area difference analysis. A linear pharmacokinetic model which describes clearances of parent and metabolite is developed. The model makes no restrictions on the route of administration of the parent but requires time-invariant kinetics for both parent and metabolite. Carbamazepine (CBZ), an antiepileptic, is metabolized to the 10,11-epoxide (CBZE), which is further hydrated to the trans -dihydrodiol (CBZD). Plasma data of the metabolites after a 200-mg single oral dose of Tegretol chewable tablets is used to demonstrate the applicability of the method. Elimination rate constants calculated using partial area analysis are 0.087 ± 0.015 (h –1 ) and 0.056 ± 0.014 (h –1 ) for CBZE and CBZD, respectively. These correspond to an average half-life of 8.0 h for CBZE and 12.4 h for CBZD, which suggest elimination-rate-limited disappearance of CBZD. The elimination rate constants for CBZE and CBZD calculated using partial areas are comparable to those in the literature determined after oral administration of CBZE. Volumes of distribution of CBZE and CBZD are also estimated to be 0.57 ± 0.11 L/kg and 0.76 ± 0.24 L/kg, respectively. The higher values observed with CBZD volumes of distribution are attributed to the higher plasma free fraction of the diol relative to CBZE.
Paid Tax Preparer Determinants Extended and Reexamined

This study uses 1988 Individual Public Use Panel data to extend and reexamine the Abstract determinants of paid tax preparer use through inclusion of a variable capturing the importance of income-related dollars associated with schedules. Results of logit estimation of the reduced-form model for paid tax preparer use establish that income-related dollars per schedule, as measured by the absolute positive income, are significant and positively correlated to the likelihood of using a paid tax preparer when filing schedules B or E. Estimates reveal that the likelihood of using profes sional tax assistance increases by 4.0% and 1.6% per $10,000 of income-related dollars, respectively, when using Schedule B and Schedule E. Support was found for examining variables measuring dollars in logarithmic form and for controlling for type of 1040 form filed. Results contrary to those of earlier studies were observed for the significance of total positive income, marginal tax rate, measure of depen dents, and Schedule A.
Estimating the Conditional Probability of Misclassification

Let x be an observation assumed to be from one of two p-dimensional normal populations II, II2 with unknown mean vectors t , t2 and common known covariance matrix M. The observation is to be classified as coming from one of the populations. Samples S1 , S2 consisting of N1 , N2 observations known to come from HI , II2 respectively are also available, and a classification rule is based on these samples. This paper is concerned with the problem of estimating the conditional probability of misclassifying x given a fixed classification rule. Let xi , x2i (i = 1, ... , N ; j = 1, *. , N2) denote the observations in S1, S2, and let i , 22 denote the sample means. The classification rule will be the commonly used one (see for example Anderson, (1958)) that classifies x as HII if
The uterus during progestation: hormonal modulation of pyridine nucleotide activity in relation to decidual sensitivity.

Abstract Endometrial metabolism during early progestation proceeds in two successive waves. One wave culminates by Day 2 (Day 0 = oestrus) in spontaneous stromal mitoses; the second (Day 4) precedes mitoses induced by decidual stimuli. It was proposed that: (a) a transient rise in pyridine nucleotides, NADP and NADPH (PN), precedes the period of sensitivity to decidualization, and (b) the phenomenon is induced by progesterone, acting on oestrogen-maintained tissue. Accordingly, a radiometric “recycling” method was used to measure PN activity in endometrial homogenates from rats (a) during the oestrous cycle and early pseudopregnancy and (b) following ovariectomy, with oestrone, progesterone or steroid combinations injected in daily doses compatible with the normal timing and magnitude of decidual sensitivity. Specific activity of PN throughout the cycle was constant, and following a decline on pseudopregnancy Day 1, activity increased to a sustained peak from 2400 hours Day 2 to 2400 hours Day 4. By 1200 hours. Days 5–6, activity declined to oestrous cycle levels. The PN ratio (oxidized/reduced) was constant throughout the cycle, but showed transient peaks on Day 1 and Days 3–4. Treatment with either steroid alone produced temporal alterations in PN activity and decidual sensitivity different from the almost identical responses of intact and steroid-combinationtreated rats. The results demonstrate that a significant effect of steroid interaction during early progestation is to restrict increased stromal PN to the period of decidual sensitivity, thus providing transiently increased cofactor for reductive biosynthesis related to decidual induction.
Taguchi Method Based Process Space for Optimal Surface Topography by Finish Hard Milling

Hard milling has a potential to replace finish grinding in manufacturing dies and molds. Surface finish is one key surface integrity parameter to justify the use of hard milling. In this study a Taguchi design-of-experiment based finish milling hardened AISI H13 tool steel (50 ±1 HRc) with physical vapor deposition (PVD) (Ti, Al) N―TiN-coated end mill was conducted to investigate the optimal surface topography and roughness. A kinematic model of the cutting tool loci was developed to investigate the formation mechanism of the surface texture and correlate the simulated surface textures with the measured ones. The milled 3D surface topography and anisotropic roughness in the feed and step-over directions were thoroughly characterized and analyzed. The milled surface roughness R a of less than 0.1 μm in the feed direction and 0.15 μm in the step-over direction has shown that hard milling is capable of replacing grinding as a finish or semifinish process. Furthermore, the process parameter spaces for the desired surface properties were indentified via the surface contour maps.
Phenotypic expression of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in patients homozygous for the common M390R mutation in the BBS1 gene.

Purpose: To characterize the phenotype of Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) patients homozygous for the BBS1 M390R mutation. Methods: Three patients [PT1, F, 27 years old (yo) at last examination, 14-year follow-up (F/U) PT2, F, 15yo PT3, M, 15-yo, both 1-year F/U] underwent eye exams, Goldmann visual fields (GVFs), dark- (DA) and light-adapted (LA) electroretinograms (ERGs), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Vision and systemic history were also collected. Results: All patients had night blindness, hyperopic astigmatism, ptosis or mild blepharospasm, foot polydactyly, 5th finger clinodactyly, history of headaches, and variable, diet-responsive obesity. Two had asthma, PT1 was developmentally delayed, PT2 had Asperger-like symptoms, and PT3 had normal cognition. At age 14, acuity was 20/100 in PT1, who had nystagmus since age 2, 20/40 in PT2 and 20/30 in PT3. By 27 yo PT1 progressed to 20/320, by 15 yo PT2 was 20/60 and PT3 remained stable. PT1 had well preserved peripheral GVFs, with minimal progression over 10 years of F/U. PT2 and PT3 presented with ring scotomas and I4e < 5. All patients had severe generalized visual sensitivity depression. ERGs were consistently recordable (also rod ERG in PT3 after 60 min DA), but progressed to non-recordable in PT1. Mixed DA ERGs exhibited electronegativity. In PT3, this was partly due to a bleaching effect during bright-flash DA averaging, partly to ON OFF LA response compromise. PT2 and 3 had, on SD-OCTs, generalized macular thinning, normal retinal lamination, and widespread photoreceptor outer/inner segment attenuation except foveally, and multiple rings of abnormal FAF configuring a complex bull’s eye-pattern. PT1 had macular atrophy. All patients also had peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickening. Conclusions: The observed phenotype matches very closely that reported in patients by Azari et al. (IOVS 2006) and in the Bbs1-M390R knock-in mouse model, and expands it to the characterization of important ERG response characteristics that provide insight in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in these patients. Our findings confirm the consistent pathogenicity of the BBS1 M390R mutation.
Modulation of neuromuscular activity by 5-hydroxytryptamine and endogenous peptides in the snail,Helix aspersa

1. Twitches produced by stimulation of the nerve leading to the pharyngeal retractor muscle (PRM) relax more rapidly after a tetanic stimulation. 2. Perfusion of the PRM with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) mimics this relaxing action. 5-HT is the only factor present in the PRM that causes an increase in twitch relaxation rate. When the 5-HT content of the PRM is reduced by pre-treatment with reserpine, the magnitude of the post-tetanic increase in relaxation rate is also reduced. 3. The post-tetanic increase in relaxation rate appears to require the activation of a specific serotonergic axon(s) since there is a discrete threshold for the effect. 4. Peptides derived from nervous and other tissues of the snail also modulate PRM activity. 5. One peptide (SCP) mimics the action of 5-HT, but is not present in the PRM. 6. A second peptide class (LCP), at concentrations similar to those found in the hemolymph, potentiates the amplitude of sub-maximal contractions of the PRM. 7. It was concluded that 5-HT and LCP are physiological modulators of PRM activity, while the significance of SCP's action is unknown.
Cost analysis of a power system using probabilistic optimal power flow with energy storage integration and wind generation

Abstract This paper examines the storage application and its optimal placement for the social cost and transmission congestion relief of wind integration. Probability density functions (PDFs) are used to characterize the uncertainties of wind speed and load. A probabilistic optimal power flow (POPF) is developed using two-point estimation which incorporates the storage system either as a variable load or as a variable generator. Storage systems are optimally placed and adequately sized using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the sum of operation and congestion costs over a scheduling period. A technical assessment framework is developed to enhance the efficiency of wind integration and evaluate the economics of storage technologies and conventional gas-fired alternatives. The proposed method is used to carry out a cost-benefit analysis for the IEEE 24-bus system and determine the most economical technology. Optimal storage distribution and its potential to relieve the transmission congestion are evaluated for higher wind penetration levels.
Rape Treatment Outcome Research: Empirical Findings and State of the Literature

This article reviews empirical support for treatments targeting women sexually assaulted during adolescence or adulthood. Thirty-two articles were located using data from 20 separate samples. Of the 20 samples, 12 targeted victims with chronic symptoms, three focused on the acute period post-assault, two included women with chronic and acute symptoms, and three were secondary prevention programs. The majority of studies focus on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety as treatment targets. Cognitive Processing Therapy and Prolonged Exposure have garnered the most support with this population. Stress Inoculation Training and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing also show some efficacy. Of the four studies that compared active treatments, few differences were found. Overall, cognitive behavioral interventions lead to better PTSD outcomes than supportive counseling does. However, even in the strongest treatments more than one-third of women retain a PTSD diagnosis at post-treatment or drop out of treatment. Discussion highlights the paucity of research in this area, methodological limitations of examined studies, generalizability of findings, and important directions for future research at various stages of trauma recovery.
FREQUENCY-DOMAIN STUDY OF PHYSICAL AGING IN A SIMPLE LIQUID

We characterize the time dependence of the frequency-dependent dielectric susceptibility of glycerol following quenches to low temperature. For quenches to temperatures not far below the glass-transition temperature, the spectral shape and position during equilibration closely approximate those of equilibrium spectra at higher temperatures. For deeper quenches the correspondence with equilibrium spectra breaks down, and we observe more subtle behavior. Most of the susceptibility's change with time occurs within one equilibrium relaxation time after the quench, and our results do not support the presence of a significant ultraslow component to the equilibration of the dielectric response. We find some qualitative agreement between the time dependence of the susceptibility and analogous measurements on spin glasses; however, closer inspection reveals that the liquid fails to reproduce many of the salient features of the spin-glass behavior.
Tamoxifen and estrogen effects on TGF-beta formation: role of thrombospondin-1, alphavbeta3, and integrin-associated protein.

We have found that the enhanced activation of latent TGF-beta by human breast carcinoma cell lines either treated with tamoxifen or deprived of estrogen is dependent upon thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) since activation was blocked by anti-TSP-1 antibodies or by a TSP antagonist peptide. However, TGF-beta formation upon tamoxifen exposure to estrogen withdrawal is associated with decreased levels of soluble TSP-1. A concomitant increase in the expression of the TSP-1 receptors alphavbeta3 and integrin-associated protein (IAP) occurs under these conditions, and antibodies to TSP-1 or to these receptors inhibit increased TGF-beta formation. Therefore, increased cell surface associated TSP-1 enhances latent TGF-beta activation.
Stability-complexity relationships within models of natural systems

Abstract Drawing on the qualitative loop analysis models prepared by Lane for a Delaware Bay plankton community, we evaluated 12 systems that ranged from 14 to 18 entities (population, guild or nutrient). Our approach was to study models of extended trophic biotic communities and examine the stability-complexity issue not only as it exists between systems (the traditional approach) but also with respect to the entities and relationships within a given system. We found no statistically significant inverse relationship for stability and complexity between systems. Within a system, a significant inverse relationship at the entity level was observed embedded in an increasing stability positively related to increasing subsystem size. Also, within a system and from system to system, several entities were seen to vary their roles with respect to stability. These results extend the stability-complexity issue to models of relatively large biotic communities and raise issues concerning the roles, with respect to stability, played by entities within communities.
CD2 is functionally linked to the ζ‐natural killer receptor complex

Natural killer (NK) cells express two distinct surface receptors capable of triggering cytolytic effector function. The first is CD16, an immunoglobulin Fc receptor that allows NK cells to mediate antibody-dependent killing (ADCC). NK cells express CD16 in association with zeta, a signal-transducing subunit that is also a component of the T cell receptor complex. Activation of NK cells via CD16 results in tyrosine phosphorylation of zeta. The second NK cell triggering receptor is CD2, a 50-55-kDa cell surface molecule that is also expressed on T cells. Here we show that NK cell activation induced by mAb reactive with CD2 (either anti-T11.1 alone or with anti-T11.2 in combination) also results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of zeta. Our results indicate that CD2 is functionally linked to the CD16-zeta complex and suggest that the zeta subunit plays a central role in the signal transduction pathways utilized by NK cells.
Chlorination of sulfur dioxide in a plasma arc photochemical reactor: Part I. Reactor performance

This is a study of a photochemical reactor consisting of a vortex-stabilized arc and an annular, triple-walled, fused silica reaction chamber. An argon arc plasma provides the light. For power inputs of 3-12 kw, the spectral output of the light source was characterized as a function of wavelength, arc-gas flow rate, power input to the arc, and position along the arc. For power inputs of 3.84 and 8.45 kw, there were, respectively, 0.314 and 0.862 einsteins emitted per hour in the 2500 to 5000A wavelength region. Selective filter solutions of 1.5N KNO3 and 0.05N KI were investigated. A reactor analysis is presented, based on mass and energy balances, and the geometrical properties of the system.
Coupled hydrology and biogeochemistry of Paleocene–Eocene coal beds, northern Gulf of Mexico

Thirty-six formation waters, gas, and microbial samples were collected and analyzed from natural gas and oil wells producing from the Paleocene to Eocene Wilcox Group coal beds and adjacent sandstones in north-central Louisiana, USA, to investigate the role hydrology plays on the generation and distribution of microbial methane. Major ion chemistry and Cl−Br relations of Wilcox Group formation waters suggest mixing of freshwater with halite-derived brines. High alkalinities (up to 47.8 meq/L), no detectable SO4, and elevated δ13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (up to 20.5‰ Vienna Peedee belemnite [VPDB]) and CO2 (up to 17.67‰ VPDB) in the Wilcox Group coals and adjacent sandstones indicate the dominance of microbial methanogenesis. The δ13C and δD values of CH4, and carbon isotope fractionation of CO2 and CH4, suggest CO2 reduction is the major methanogenic pathway. Geochemical indicators for methanogenesis drop off significantly at chloride concentrations above ∼1.7 mol/L, suggesting that high salinities inhibit microbial activity at depths greater than ∼1.6 km. Formation waters in the Wilcox Group contain up to 1.6% modern carbon (A14C) to at least 1690 m depth; the covariance of δD values of co-produced H2O and CH4 indicate that the microbial methane was generated in situ with these Late Pleistocene or younger waters. The most enriched carbon isotope values for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CO2, and highest alkalinities, were detected in Wilcox Group sandstone reservoirs that were CO2 flooded in the 1980s for enhanced oil recovery, leading to the intriguing hypothesis that CO2 sequestration may actually enhance methanogenesis in organic-rich formations.