cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Hindus Cope with Disability

The article reviews how the belief in the law of karma helps Hindus cope with disability. Karma is neither divine retribution nor inevitable fate. One can mitigate the results of past karma and improve present and future karma by acts of piety and good deeds. Although the law of karma sometimes causes negative coping by evoking the feelings of guilt for having brought the condition due to past misdeeds, it generally helps in accepting the condition with equanimity. Equipoise and surrender to the will of God also help Hindus in coping with disability. The coping strategy of Hindus is compared to that of other Eastern religions such as Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.
Inorganic nitrogen derived from foraging honey bees could have adaptive benefits for the plants they visit.

In most terrestrial ecosystems, nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for plant growth. Honey bees may help alleviate this limitation because their feces (frass) have high concentration of organic nitrogen that may decompose in soil and provide inorganic N to plants. However, information on soil N processes associated with bee frass is not available. The objectives of this work were to 1) estimate the amount of bee frass produced by a honey bee colony and 2) evaluate nitrogen mineralization and ammonia volatilization from bee frass when surface applied or incorporated into soil. Two cage studies were conducted to estimate the amount of frass produced by a 5000-bee colony, and three laboratory studies were carried out in which bee frass, surface-applied or incorporated into soil, was incubated at 25oC for 15 to 45 days. The average rate of bee frass production by a 5,000-bee colony was estimated at 2.27 to 2.69 g N month−1. Nitrogen mineralization from bee frass during 30 days released 20% of the organic N when bee frass was surface applied and 34% when frass was incorporated into the soil. Volatilized NH3 corresponded to 1% or less of total N. The potential amount of inorganic N released to the soil by a typical colony of 20,000 bees foraging in an area similar to that of the experimental cages (3.24 m2) was estimated at 0.62 to 0.74 g N m−2 month−1 which may be significant at a community scale in terms of soil microbial activity and plant growth. Thus, the deposition of available N by foraging bees could have adaptive benefits for the plants they visit, a collateral benefit deriving from the primary activity of pollination.
Effects of vertical wind shear on the cumulus transport of momentum : observations and parameterization

Abstract Dynamical effects of organized cumulus convection on its environment with vertical wind shear are studied. Analyses of the wind field and momentum budget residual for mesoscale convective systems observed during SESAME and PRE-STORM reveal systematic differences in the vertical transport of horizontal momentum between mesoscale convective complex (MCC) and squall line cases. In the MCC, a distinct minimum in wind speed appears over the area of intense convection and the momentum budget residual acts to decelerate the environmental wind and to reduce the upper-level vertical shear. Therefore, the inferred vertical transport of momentum in the MCC is downgradient in the upper layer. On the other hand, in the squall line, there is no wind speed minimum and the upper-level vertical shear of the line-normall component of the environmental wind increases as convection develops. Thus, the vertical transport of momentum normal to the squall line is upgradient in the upper layer, although the transport of...
Effects of antiestrogen versus antiprogestin on transformed and nontransformed steroid receptors.

Abstract In order to determine if different physicochemical properties exist among antihormone-receptor complexes, we have compared the interaction of the antiprogestin RU486 with progesterone receptor (PR) versus the triphenylethylene antiestrogen H1285 (4-( N , N -diethyl-aminoethoxy)-4′-methoxy- α -( p -hydroxyphenyl α ′-ethylstilbene)) with estrogen receptor (ER) from rabbit uterine tissue. Contrary to other reports, we observed no difference in the sedimentation properties of transformed PR (4S) when bound by the antagonist RU486 versus the progesterone agonist R5020 in either cytosol or DEAE partially-purified receptor preparations analyzed on sucrose gradients containing 0.3 M KCl. In addition, we found no difference in the sedimentation properties of these receptor preparations in the presence of 10 mM sodium molybdate: the nontransformed RU486-PR and nontransformed R5020-PR both sedimented as a 6S species. These same results were obtained when the receptor preparation and gradient analysis were performed in the absence of monothioglycerol. Likewise, there was no change in the sedimentation properties of the transformed PR when the receptor, partially purified in the absence of molybdate, was analyzed on sucrose gradients containing 10 mM sodium molybdate to prevent receptor alteration during centrifugation. From DNA-cellulose assays performed with partially purified PR in the absence of molybdate we determined that the 4S form of R5020-PR and RU486-PR is transformed receptor; whereas in the presence of molybdate, the 6S species is nontransformed. In contrast, we found a different pattern of sedimentation when comparing transformed antiestrogen-receptor complexes with transformed estrogen-receptor complexes. In this case, transformed H1285-ER sedimented as 6S and estradiol-ER sedimented as 4S. We conclude from these experiments that these two antihormones, RU486 and H1285, may have different mechanisms of action in their antagonism of steroid hormone action. Antiestrogen stabilizes the salt-transformed ER as a dimer while antiprogestin appears to permit dissociation of the oligomeric form of the receptor to the monomeric form.
Redox and spectral properties of monooxo polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium in aqueous media

Preparation des complexes [(trpy) (bpy) M-OH 2 ] 2+ (M=Ru, Os). Etude de leurs proprietes redox en solution aqueuse
Customer relations management: service operations: using simulation to approximate subgradients of convex performance measures in service systems

We study the problem of approximating a subgradient of a convex (or concave) discrete function that is evaluated via simulation. This problem arises, for instance, in optimization problems such as finding the minimal cost staff schedule in a call center subject to a service level constraint. There, subgradient information can be used to significantly reduce the search space. The problem of approximating subgradients is closely related to the one of approximating gradients and we suggest and compare how three existing methods for computing gradients via simulation, i. e., finite differences, the likelihood ratio method and infinitesimal perturbation analysis, can be applied to approximate subgradients when the variables are discrete. We provide a computational study to highlight the properties of each approach.
Thermal conductivity of multiphase particulate composite materials

Hollow particle filled composites, called syntactic foams, are used in weight sensitive structural applications in this paper. In this paper, homogenization techniques are used to derive estimates for thermal conductivity of hollow particle filled composites. The microstructure is modeled as a three-phase system consisting of an air void, a shell surrounding the air void, and a matrix material. The model is applicable to composites containing coated solid particles in a matrix material and can be further expanded to include additional coating layers. The model is successful in predicting thermal conductivity of composites containing up to 52% particles by volume. Theoretical results for thermal conductivity are validated with the results obtained from finite element analysis and are found to be in close agreement with them. A simplified approximation of the theoretical model applicable to thin shells is also validated and found to be in good agreement with the corresponding finite element results. The model is applicable to a wide variety of particulate composite materials and will help in tailoring the properties of particulate composites as per the requirements of the application.
TX is absolutely closed

If S, T are semigroups with S⊂T, then the dominion of S in T, Dom(S,T), is the set of all x e T such that for each semigroup U and for each pair of homomorphisms f,g: T→U with f|S=g|S, then f(x)=g(x). S is absolutely closed if Dom(S,T)=S for all T. That full transformation semigroups are absolutely closed has previously been reported. The intent here is to offer a corrected proof of that theorem.
The Federal Face of Voting: Are Elected Officials Held Accountable for the Functions Relevant to Their Office?

Federalism is designed to enhance democratic representation because it gives citizens the opportunity to shape policymaking at multiple levels of government. This design feature is premised on the assumption that individuals make distinctions in the responsibilities that pertain to different levels of government and link these distinctions to their voting decisions. Citizens are expected to sanction politicians for those policy decisions over which their level of government has responsibility. This paper draws on work in both political and social psychology to develop a theoretical framework consistent with the federalist view of democratic representation to explain how people make voting decisions. Individuals who were able to vote in elections at all three levels of government (national, state, and local) in 2002 were surveyed, allowing a full test of the federalist voting model. Findings show that while citizens do make distinctions among levels of government when evaluating issues, they only link these distinctions to their voting decisions if those issue attitudes are highly accessible. Implications for democratic representation and future research are discussed.
NITRIC OXIDE (NO) MODULATES CONTRACTILE RESPONSES OF AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE DURING EARLY POSTNATAL LIFE. † 1995

There are conflicting data on the role of endogenous NO in attenuating airway smooth muscle contraction induced by cholinergic agonists in various adult animal species. We therefore sought to determine whether activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in airway epithelial cells or nerve fibers would modulate tracheal smooth muscle contration induced by acetylcholine (Ach) in young piglets. Tracheal smooth muscle strips were obtained from piglets of two postnatal ages: 3-7 days (n=8) and 2-3 weeks (n=9). After equilibration in an organ bath, tracheal strips were exposed in vitro to increasing concentrations of Ach, before and after blockade of NOS by addition of Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Esther (L-NAME) to the bathing medium. Prior administration of L-NAME (18.5 mM) significantly (p<0.5)increased the contractile response to Ach within the first week of life(Fig). A comparable enhancement of Achinduced contraction was observed in response to L-NAME at 2-3 weeks. Removal of epithelium from tracheal strips at both 3-7 and 2-3 wk attenuated the effect of L-NAMEon Ach-induced contraction. We conclude that 1) NO is an important modulator of airway responses to constrictive agents from early in postnatal life, and 2) epithelium is the main source of NO released by exposure to contractile agonists. We speculate that airway epithelial injury in the neonate may remove an important counterbalance to airway constrictor agents.Supp by HL25830 and HL50527
Reducing reflections from mesh refinement interfaces in numerical relativity

Full interpretation of data from gravitational wave observations will require accurate numerical simulations of source systems, particularly binary black hole mergers. A leading approach to improving accuracy in numerical relativity simulations of black hole systems is through fixed or adaptive mesh refinement techniques. We describe a manifestation of numerical interface truncation error which appears as significant, artificial reflections from refinement boundaries in a broad class of mesh refinement implementations, potentially compromising the effectiveness of mesh refinement techniques for some numerical relativity applications (if left untreated). We elucidate this numerical effect by presenting a model problem which exhibits the phenomenon, but which is simple enough that its numerical error can be understood analytically. Our analysis shows that the effect is caused by variations in finite differencing error generated across low and high resolution regions, and that associated difficulties in demonstrating convergence at modest resolutions are caused by the presence of dramatic speed differences among propagation modes typical of 3+1 relativity. Last, to further verify our understanding of this problem, we present a class of finite differencing stencils of the same order of accuracy as the desired order of convergence, termed mesh-adapted differencing (MAD), which eliminate this pathology in both our modelmore » problem and in numerical relativity examples.« less
An in vitro comparison of the accuracy of implant impressions with coded healing abutments and different implant angulations.

Statement of problem Fabricating implant definitive casts with CAD/CAM technology (Robocasts) from coded healing abutment impressions represents a simpler and innovative alternative to conventional implant impression techniques. However, information about the accuracy of the impressions and the resultant definitive casts is limited. Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Robocasts and compare them to those definitive casts fabricated with conventional implant impression techniques (open tray with splinted impression copings technique). Material and methods A reference epoxy resin cast was fabricated and shaped to simulate a dental arch. Two regular platform implant replicas (Biomet 3i Certain, 4.1 mm diameter and 15 mm length) with internal connections were placed 10 mm apart with a 10-degree convergence for one side of the reference resin cast and a 30-degree convergence for the other. Coded healing abutments (Encode) were placed at 3 different heights above the level of the soft tissue replication material (approximately 1, 2, and 4 mm) and served as test groups (E1, E2, and E4), and open trays with splinted impression copings (OTSC) served as a control group. The control group was compared to the impressions of the coded healing abutments by using a standardized measurement protocol. Impressions were made for each group (n=18) and poured with vacuum mixed (100 g powder/20 mL water) Type IV dental stone. The vertical discrepancy (Z axis) between 2 prefabricated passively fitting titanium reference frameworks and the platforms of the implant replicas was measured with an optical comparator applying the 1 screw test. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests, as well as the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The Bonferroni correction was used to account for multiple comparisons. The significance level (α) used in a given set of tests was equal to .05 divided by the number of tests performed in that set. Results The median vertical discrepancy of each coded healing abutment impression group was higher than the corresponding median of the control group (OTSC) for every combination of angulation and position. Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated a statistically significant difference ( P P ≤.002) between OTSC and the other groups. Differences between the angulations and positions were not statistically significant when accounting for multiple comparisons. Conclusions The implant definitive casts fabricated from the coded healing abutment impressions were found to be less accurate than those fabricated from the open tray with splinted impression copings technique for restoring 2 paired (10 or 30 degrees) convergent internal connection implants with nonengaging screw-retained splinted 2-unit implant restorations. Accuracy of fit was not influenced by the implant angulation or position for either impression technique or by the Encode healing abutment height for the Encode impression technique.
Health Literacy and Kidney Transplant Outcomes

ContextKidney disease is a common disease that is best treated through kidney transplant. The kidney transplant process is complex and can be difficult to navigate and most likely requires an adequate amount of health literacy.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between health literacy and transplant outcomes, including whether a patient was listed for or received a transplant.DesignA cross-sectional study measuring patients' health literacy and transplant outcomes.Setting and ParticipantsParticipants from a single transplant center were invited to participate if they were referred to the center for transplant and spoke English. Of the 92 patients, 30 (33%) were in the vascular access clinic, 31 (34%) were posttransplant, and 31 (34%) were pretransplant.InterventionHealth literacy was measured by using 3 tools: Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy of Medicine-Transplant (REALM-T), Newest Vital Sign (NVS), and Decision-Making Capacity Assessment Tool (DMCAT).Main Outcome MeasureTwo dichotomous variables: wheth...
Effect of anesthetic drugs on time production and alpha rhythm

Ss produced time intervals before and during inhalation of low concentrations of anesthetic gases. The drugs increased time productions by raising the slope of the line representing produced against objective time. Alterations in time production were not accompanied by consistent changes in alpha rhythm, respiratory rate, heart rate, or body temperature. The findings argue against the’ alpha rhythm’s acting as the biological pendulum for the internal clock.
Architecture of the SWI/SNF-nucleosome complex.

The SWI/SNF complex disrupts and mobilizes chromatin in an ATP-dependent manner. SWI/SNF interactions with nucleosomes were mapped by DNA footprinting and site-directed DNA and protein cross-linking when SWI/SNF was recruited by a transcription activator. SWI/SNF was found by DNA footprinting to contact tightly around one gyre of DNA spanning ∼50 bp from the nucleosomal entry site to near the dyad axis. The DNA footprint is consistent with nucleosomes binding to an asymmetric trough of SWI/SNF that was revealed by the improved imaging of free SWI/SNF. The DNA site-directed cross-linking revealed that the catalytic subunit Swi2/Snf2 is associated with nucleosomes two helical turns from the dyad axis and that the Snf6 subunit is proximal to the transcription factor recruiting SWI/SNF. The highly conserved Snf5 subunit associates with the histone octamer and not with nucleosomal DNA. The model of the binding trough of SWI/SNF illustrates how nucleosomal DNA can be mobilized while SWI/SNF remains bound.
Perceived parental rearing practices and styles of coping

In order to study the relation between parental rearing practices and coping dispositions, 75 females and 65 males completed the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory and the COPE, a measure of general coping dispositions. Those who reported their parents had an authoritative rearing style (warmth and nurturance coupled with close monitoring and age-appropriate demandingness) used more social support and problem-focused coping than those who reported their parents used other rearing styles. In general, perceived parental warmth was related to the greater use of social support and problemfocused coping. Parental firm control was associated with increased problemfocused and reduced emotion-focused coping. The findings are discussed in the context of parental rearing styles indirectly influencing coping dispositions through their impact on feelings of competence and personal control.
Trying Again and Again: Multiple Repetitions in Early Modern Reports of Experiments on Snake Bites

This essay deals with a conspicuous feature of early modern experimental reports: references to multiple repetitions. I examine an episode from the history of research on venomous snakes, the dispute between Francesco Redi and Moyse Charas about the cause of death from viper bites. I identify different kinds of repetitions that are described and specify the various different roles that are attributed to repetitions in experimental reports. I argue that repetition (the successive reproduction of one's own experimental trials) should be distinguished from replication (reproducing other investigators' experiments). At first, replications played hardly any role in the exchange, but references to repetitions were crucial to show that contingencies had been obviated, to support inductive generalizations, and to specify the exact cause of an experimental effect. Notably, it appears that the replication of effects by different experimental means was not part of the repository of methodological notions that Redi and Charas brought to bear on their experiments. Reruns and repetitions with variations (including complementary trials) bore the epistemic weight.
Memory Management in a Viterbi Decoder

Management of the memory contents in a Viterbi decoder is a major design problem for both hardware and software realizations. In a naive implementation, every bit in the memory must be changed (read, modified, and rewritten) for each message bit decoded, and, in addition, some double buffering is required. An especially annoying feature is the need to read and rewrite long words, forty bits in a typical case. In this note we describe a memory organization which overcomes these problems. The techniques described here are not novel, but neither are they widely known.
On correlations and inferences about mean-variance efficiency

A framework is presented for investigating the mean-variance efficiency of an unobservable portfolio based on its correlation with a proxy portfolio. A sensitivity analysis derives the highest correlation between the proxy and a portfolio that reverses the inference of a test of SHarpe-Lintner tangency. For example, the maximum correlation between the value-weighted NYSE-AMEX portfolio and a portfolio inferred tangent ranges from 0.76 to 0.48. We also test whether the correlation between the proxy and the tangent portfolio exceeds a given level. This hypothesis is often rejected for the NYSE-AMEX proxy at a correlation of 0.7.
Research odyssey: the evolution of a research partnership between baccalaureate nursing students and practicing nurses.

Summary This longitudinal descriptive study evaluates the implementation of an innovative teaching strategy: a research partnership between baccalaureate nursing students and nurses in two acute care hospitals. The impetus for this partnership was to introduce a concrete, clinical dimension to a junior level introductory nursing research course. Formative analysis was used to evaluate the success and weaknesses of this innovative strategy over 3 years. Following each year, an evaluation by students and nursing unit managers led to refinement of the partnership goals and logistics for the following year. The third year culminates in a comparison between student responses to the partnership in the small community hospital and those assigned to a larger magnet status hospital. Conclusions, based on content and descriptive analysis indicate the partnership’s educational benefits for students and a few logistical concerns. Future directions for this educational strategy are presented.
Particle resuspension: A review

Published numerical values of resuspension variables, rates, factors, and weathering half-lives are summarized. Results of the review show the great uncertainty in accurately predicting resuspension. Resuspension rates range over six orders of magnitude from 10−12 to 10−4 fraction/sec, resuspension factors over nine orders of magnitude from 10−10 to over 10−2 m−1, and weathering half-lives from 35 days to years. Data are yet needed to evaluate resuspension changes as a function of pollutant particle properties, including chemical composition, solubility, and shape.
Bordetella hinzii septicemia in association with Epstein–Barr virus viremia and an Epstein–Barr virus-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

We report the 1st case of Bordetella hinzii septicemia associated with Epstein-Barr virus viremia and lymphoma. B. hinzii identification necessitated cellular fatty acid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were resistant to many antimicrobials. Resistance and diagnostic challenges complicated management and contributed to mortality.
Rat leukemia derived 9H virus (9HV). II. Response of rats to low doses of virus.

SummaryStudies on the growth pattern of the 9H virus (9HV) in the liver of W/FU rats revealed that intraperitoneal inoculation of newborn rats, free of maternal antibody to 9HV, with low doses of this virus resulted in a gradual increase of viral progeny which reached its peak by day 10. This was followed by a decrease in virus titer accompanied by a gradual increase of serum antibody titer to the virus. Intranuclear inclusions in liver cells were noted at day 6. Viral hepatitis, including cytopathic changes and inflammatory cells, and definite peliosis hepatis became evident at day 8 to 10. The thymus and spleen of these animals showed atrophy grossly and histologically. Rats inoculated with the 9HV components (9HV-A and 9HV-B) showed a similar pattern of response except that peliosis hepatis was not conspicuous in rats inoculated with 9HV-B. Intracerebral inoculation of low doses of 9HV resulted in virus multiplication in both brain and liver and in the development of hepatitis and peliosis hepatis. No ...
Utility energy storage life degradation estimation method

Energy Storage installations have been used in electric utilities for a few decades now. The primary applications of energy storage in utilities include grid stabilization, back-up power and peak shaving, while other potential applications include arbitrage, reduction in renewable variability and frequency regulation. Selection of the appropriate energy storage system for each of the above applications depends on the power/energy ratio requirement, along with the cost, lifetime and other technical challenges. This paper presents a matrix that evaluates the state-of-art energy storage technologies for various utility applications. The characteristics of energy storage systems required for these applications and challenges inherent in the design of such systems are also summarized in this paper. A specific methodology used for analyzing and optimizing the size of the battery energy storage system for frequency regulation is discussed in detail. The same methodology can be extended to the selection of the most optimum technology for other utility applications.
Single-layer cylindrical compaction

In VLSI compaction, an array composed of a single cell warrants special consideration. Standard methods of compaction [MS] result in either nonuniform cell layouts or unnecessarily large cell spacing. These inadequacies would be lessened were the array compacted instead by compacting a single instance of the cell against itself: in essence, the cell would be compacted on a torus. Equivalently, the problem becomes that of compacting a layout to fit into a minimal area shape 4-tiling the plane. Only the one-dimensional version of the problem has been addressed: that equivalent to compaction on a cylinder. Unfortunately, the efficient longest-path approach to one-dimensional compaction is not directly applicable since there is no origin to compact against. Eichenberger and Horowitz solve the problem in polynomial time by using a min-cost flow approach to assign positions to the nodes of a constraint network embedded on a cylinder [EH]. Mehlhorn and Rulling found an iterative approach running in timeO(n 2 logn) when restricted to networks abstracted from layouts having any fixed number of layers [MR]. In this paper the longest-path approach is adapted to solve the same cylindrical compaction problem on planar networks—those abstracted from single-layer layouts—in justO(n logn) time.
Effect of dexamethasone on herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in vitro

MORRHENN et al.1 reported that when polyoma virus-infected cultures of mouse embryo fibroblasts and 3T3 cells were treated with physiological doses of corticosteroids, plaque formation was enhanced tenfold. Because the plaques appeared earlier and were larger in the presence of steroids, they suggested that the rate of production of virus was also increased. It has also been reported that glucocorticoids influence in vitro infections with murine leukaemia virus and mouse mammary tumour virus2,3. Since there is epidemiological evidence that herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) can be oncogenic in man4 and evidence that inactivated HSV can produce malignant transformation in vitro5, we studied the effect of corticosteroids on HSV-2 infection in mouse embryo fibroblasts and 3T3 cells, the two cell types in which effects had been noted with polyoma virus. We report here that dexamethasone has different effects on HSV-2 infection in vitro depending on both the type of cell tested and the characteristics of the viral strain used.
Using differentiated services to support Internet telephony

Internet telephony has been deemed as a promising candidate for the next generation telephone system. However, unstable voice quality is the main problem that prevents the Internet Telephone from competing with the traditional circuit switched telephone. Current Internet supports only a best-effort service class, which does not provide any bandwidth or delay guarantee for the voice packets. During congestion, consecutive packets get lost or miss the deadlines, which results in severe degradation in voice quality. In this paper, we introduce the concept of using differentiated service model to solve the problem. First, we propose a class-based model to separate the voice streams from the best-effort traffic. Then we use a selective dropping model to further prevent consecutive packet losses to satisfy the (m, k) firm guarantee [9] requirement, and thereby enhance the voice quality in the Internet telephony services. The model is implemented using the ns simulator [18]. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated through the simulator and the results justify the validity of using the model for Internet telephony.
The temperature coefficient of conductance for the alkali metal, halide, tetraalkylammonium, halate, and perhalate ions in D2O

Precise limiting ionic conductance data are reported for the first time for the alkali metal and tetraalkylammonium ions in D2O at 10°C as well as similar data for the halate and perhalate ions in D2O and H2O at 10 and 25°C. Precise transference numbers by the moving-boundary method are also reported for KBr in D2O at 10°C and, as a check on earlier work, for KCl in D2O at 25°C. In general, the structural properties of the ions, as reflected in the temperature coefficient of the limiting ionic conductances, are enhanced in D2O compared to H2O, although the differences are often small.
Feedback control of a single mass rotor on rigid supports

Abstract This paper considers a single mass flexible rotor on rigid supports with proportional and derivative feedback control. Undamped and damped free vibrations of the rotor-control system are considered as well as unbalance response. Results indicate that proportional control alone increases the rotor critical speed, but does not affect the system damping. Proportional control alone also decreases the system logarithmic decrement which tends to make the system more susceptible to external vibration excitations. Derivative feedback control acts to increase the system damping, to reduce the response sensitivity, and is highly desirable.
Comparison of Extraction Methods for Marker Compounds in the Essential Oil of Lemon Grass by GC

A gas chromatography flame ionization detection method for the quantification of bioactive marker compounds (neral, geranial, geraniol, limonene, citronellal, and beta-myrcene) in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) was developed. Four procedures for the extraction of essential oils from C. citratus were compared including solvent extraction, steam distillation extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Solvent extraction by sonication with nonpolar solvents showed comparable results to the steam distillation method. Several commercial products prepared from C. citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus were analyzed and compared.
Rotation of the Planet Mercury

SOLAR tidal friction must be an intense effect for Mercury, and it must be expected that the planet's spin would have relaxed from any original value to one that is under the control of this effect in a time short compared with the age of the solar system. The retarding torque exerted by the Sun on a planet is proportional to 1/r6 (where r is the distance Sun-planet), a factor which is some 300 times greater for Mercury than for the Earth. For a planet on a circular orbit the final condition would then be one of synchronous rotation like the motion of the Moon with respect to the Earth. Mercury's motion around the Sun takes 88 days and for synchronous rotation the sidereal period would thus be 88 days also. The observed value of 59 ± 5 days differs markedly from this (see preceding communication).
Perineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma: from skin to skin through the brachial plexus.

Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA
Simultaneous absolute measurements of gaseous nitrogen species in urban ambient air by long pathlength infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy

Abstract Two new long pathlength spectrometers, utilizing 25-m basepath multiple reflection optical systems, were employed for the first time during an intercomparison of measurement methods for atmospheric nitrogenous species held at Claremont, CA, 11–19 September 1985. Measurement of nitrogenous species using these closed optical path systems, as opposed to single pass systems extending several kilometers, permit the resulting in situ absolute spectroscopic data to serve as benchmark values for point monitors employing denuders or filter packs. The FT-IR spectrometer was operated at a total pathlength of 1150 m and spectral resolution of 0.125 cm−1, with corresponding detection sensitivities of 160 nmolem−3 for HNO3 and 60 nmole m−3 for NH3 (4 and 1.5 ppb, respectively). Concurrent measurements of HONO, NO2 and NO3 radicals were conducted with the differential optical absorption spectrometer operated at 800 m total pathlength with detection limits of 24, 160 and 0.8 nmole m−3 (0.6, 4 and 0.02 ppb) for HONO, NO2, and NO3 radicals, respectively.
Theoretical interpretation of anomalous enhancement of nuclear reaction rates observed at low energies with metal targets

A theoretical interpretation is presented for anomalous enhancements of nuclear reaction rates for deuteron–deuteron, deuteron–lithium, and proton–lithium reactions that were recently observed at low energies from deuteron and proton beam experiments. Using a generalized momentum-distribution function derived by Galitskii and Yakimets, which has high-energy momentum distribution tail of the inverse eighth power of the momentum, we obtain an approximate semi-analytical formula for nuclear reaction rates. Comparison of our theoretical estimates with recent experimental data indicates that the theory may provide a reasonable and consistent theoretical explanation of the experimental data. Based on predictions of our theoretical formula, we suggest a set of experiments for testing some of the theoretical predictions.
In-Situ Investigation of Binary-Component Self-Assembled Monolayers: A SERS-Based Spectroelectrochemical Study of the Effects of Monolayer Composition on Interfacial Structure

SERS-based spectroelectrochemistry was used to investigate interfacial structural properties of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a function of their composition. Mixed monolayers were formed from ethanolic solutions containing 12-mercaptododecanenitrile and n-heptanethiol. The ratio of the two-component concentrations in solutions from which the SAMs were assembled was varied to provide a series of SAMs with varying surface concentrations of the terminal nitrile group. The intensities of Raman scattering from vibrational modes associated with the nitrile and methyl termini were used to determine the relative composition of the mixed monolayer versus component concentrations in the assembly solutions. Stark tuning of the nitrile group served as a localized probe of the interfacial environment. Stark tuning rates of the nitrile probe molecule exhibited a dependence on monolayer composition comprising two distinct regions: Stark tuning rates at high nitrile surface coverages were large and did not ...
Solvent suppression using a rise-time-compensated high-pass filter

The ideal water-suppression technique m ight be expected to provide (i) a high degree of water suppression without eliminating resonances near or beneath the solvent, (ii) a constant amp litude and linear phase response over the entire spectral width, and (iii) an uncompromised signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Ease of implementation is also an important consideration. Numerous solvent-suppression techniques have been proposed, and there are excellent reviews in the literature (I). The most widely used approaches are pulse techniques capable of achieving water-suppression factors of 1000 or more (2). However, these techniques sacrifice performance with regard to amp litude response, phase response, or signal strength. Hardware approaches to solvent suppression, which m ight offer improved performance in these areas, have been unable to achieve the dynamic range enhancement provided by the pulse techniques. For example, one early hardware implementation (3) used a tunable notch filter to selectively remove frequencies at or near the solvent signal prior to digitization, achieving a water-suppression factor of 25. In this work we describe preliminary results of an analogue method that suppresses the solvent signal on resonance by three orders of magn itude in a single hard-pulse acquisition. The method is easy to implement, produces no amp litude or phase distortions in the spectrum except for frequencies immediately adjacent to the solvent, and suffers no signal-to-noise penalty. It takes advantage of the fact that the large decaying dc signal produced by the solvent on resonance can be effectively attenuated by a high-pass filter. However, since the starting point of the FID in at least one of the two quadrature channels must be nonzero, the finite rise time and subsequent overshoot of the filter in response to such an impulse produce an additional signal due to ringing at the cutoff frequency. We compensate for this effect and achieve suppression factors comparable to those attainable using pulse techniques by biasing the filter on prior to acquisition, as described in more detail below. F igure 1 shows four spectra, each obtained in a single acquisition on a sample of 5 A4 H20 and 5 m M alanine in D20. Measurements were performed on a 400 MHz GE Omega using a conventional one-pulse sequence. Spectra were obtained with the water on resonance using a 5 ps pulse ( 30”), a 4 kHz sweep width, an SK block size, and a gain of 15. F igure la was acquired without the filter and is shown magn ified by
CONNECT: Consociating opportunistic network neighbors for constructing a consistent and connected virtual backbone

Opportunistic networks have so far been seen mostly as delay tolerant in nature. As a result, real-time and soft real-time applications, which demand consistent and instant connectivity of the network, are usually considered intangible in opportunistic communication environments. In this paper we seek to reveal the inherent connected virtual backbone in an opportunistic network through the consociation of the neighbors in the network. This backbone can pave the way for designing an architecture for real-time social applications. The backbone may change in terms of time, location and crowd density. Experimenting on real world as well as synthetic human mobility traces and pause times, we first structure the pattern of human halt durations at popular places. Infusing this pattern, we then prove the existence of the intrinsic backbone in those networking environments, where people show regularity in their movements. Applying graph-theoretic concepts like Minimum Connected Dominating Set and Unit Node Weighted Steiner Tree we further optimize and ensure the robustness of the backbone. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our approach in exposing a newer dimension in the form of real time interaction prospects in opportunistic networks.
Facebook as a method to promote a mindset of continual learning in an ambulatory care pharmacy elective course

Abstract The use of online resources and social media is commonplace among college students and practicing pharmacists. To capitalize on this trend, a Facebook group was created in a Doctor of Pharmacy elective course to promote a mindset of continual professional development and learning outside of the didactic curriculum. Doctor of Pharmacy students in their third professional year who were enrolled in an ambulatory care elective course were included in this group. A survey was developed to assess the use of Facebook to promote a mindset of continual learning. This survey was administered anonymously during the first and last weeks of the elective course to gauge students' changing perspectives toward the use of social media to promote a continual-learning mindset. The survey results indicate a significantly higher level of agreement by students that Facebook allowed them to stay up-to-date with pharmacy information and improved their confidence in locating new information relevant to pharmacy practice, and that it could be used as an effective educational tool. This study indicates Facebook has potential as an auxiliary education source for traditional didactic pharmacy curriculum. It improved students' perception of their knowledge and confidence in discussing up-to-date pharmacy information with each other and faculty. It also provided some guidance about the importance of learning new information in pharmacy practice. The application of Facebook, or other social media, in pharmacy education could provide enhanced faculty and student communication by capitalizing on a means of information delivery that current students are most accustomed to.
Meson exchange current corrections to magnetic moments in quantum hadro-dynamics

Abstract We have calculated pion exchange current corrections to the magnetic moments of closed shell ±1 particle nuclei near A=16 and 40 within the framework of quantum hadro-dynamics (QHD). We find that the correction is significant and that, in general, the agreement of the QHD isovector moments with experiment is worsened. Comparisons to previous non-relativistic calculations are also made.
The dog days of autumn.

Greg's two dogs are impressed that only a few genes control the different lengths, growth patterns and curl of their coats.
Simultaneous Separation and Purification of Neurofilament and Glial Filament Proteins from Brain

: Neurofilaments (NF) and glial filaments (GF) were purified from bovine brain by the axonal flotation method, followed by hydroxyl-apatite chromatography in 8 m-urea. The proteins were shown to be competent to reassemble into intermediate filaments with removal of the denaturant, and reassembly was used as the final step in the purification of the filament proteins. The reassembly was found to be dependent on ionic strength and pH. This dependence was greater for neurofilaments than for the glial filaments. The NF and GF preparations were found not to be contaminated with each other by their gel electrophoretic profile and their immunological distinctness. The filament proteins can be obtained in high yield, and remain in solution if the urea is removed by dialysis against a low-ionic-strength buffer. Hence, they can provide a source for further biochemical studies.
Giant Cell Granuloma of the Temporal Bone in a Mixed Martial Arts Fighter

Background and Importance Giant cell granuloma (GCG) is a rare, benign, non-neoplastic lesion of the head and neck. More common in the jaw bones, there have been few reports of the lesion arising in the temporal bone. Initially referred to as a “giant cell reparative granuloma,” due to the previously accepted notion of its nature in attempting to repair areas of injury, the term “giant cell granuloma” is now more frequently used as this lesion has been found in patients without a history of trauma. In addition, several cases with a destructive nature, in contrast to a reparative one, have been observed. Clinical Presentation We report a case of GCG presenting as a head and neck tumor with dural attachments and extension into the middle cranial fossa in a mixed martial arts fighter. Conclusion Giant cell granulomas are typically treated surgically and have a good prognosis; however, care must be taken when they present in unusual locations. This case supports the theory of trauma and inflammation as risk factors for GCG.
Individual Perceptions of International Correspondents in the Middle East An Obstacle to Fair News

This article examines the issues international correspondents have cited in various surveys and interviews as obstacles to fair reporting in the Middle East over the past 30 years. Using the hierarchy of influences approach, it is an examination of the individual influences of journalists' perceptions on media content, and how their perceptions may affect stories filed from the Middle East. Potential impact of organizational pressures and routines of the news production process on news from the Middle East are also assessed.
The molecular defect leading to Fabry disease: structure of human alpha-galactosidase.

Abstract Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease afflicting 1 in 40,000 males with chronic pain, vascular degeneration, cardiac impairment, and other symptoms. Deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL) causes an accumulation of its substrate, which ultimately leads to Fabry disease symptoms. Here, we present the structure of the human α-GAL glycoprotein determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure is a homodimer with each monomer containing a (β/α) 8 domain with the active site and an antiparallel β domain. N-linked carbohydrate appears at six sites in the glycoprotein dimer, revealing the basis for lysosomal transport via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor. To understand how the enzyme cleaves galactose from glycoproteins and glycolipids, we also determined the structure of the complex of α-GAL with its catalytic product. The catalytic mechanism of the enzyme is revealed by the location of two aspartic acid residues (D170 and D231), which act as a nucleophile and an acid/base, respectively. As a point mutation in α-GAL can lead to Fabry disease, we have catalogued and plotted the locations of 245 missense and nonsense mutations in the three-dimensional structure. The structure of human α-GAL brings Fabry disease into the realm of molecular diseases, where insights into the structural basis of the disease phenotypes might help guide the clinical treatment of patients.