cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping eastern hemlock: Comparing classification techniques to evaluate susceptibility of a fragmented and valued resource to an exotic invader, the hemlock woolly adelgid

Abstract Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriere), an ecologically important foundation species in forests of eastern North America, is currently threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA, Adelges tsugae Annand, Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an aggressive invasive insect herbivore. HWA colonization of eastern hemlock results in rapid tree mortality. There is a pressing need to accurately determine eastern hemlock distribution in the face of expanding HWA populations to preserve this important forest species. However, efficient modeling of large geographic extents of eastern hemlock habitats to facilitate state-wide HWA management is lacking. We employ two modeling approaches, decision tree classification (based on presence–absence data) and maximum entropy (MaxEnt, based on presence-only data) method, to map eastern hemlock distribution in eastern Kentucky using a comprehensive suite of environmental parameters as predictor variables. Results demonstrate moderate model accuracies around 70%, supporting the practicality of mapping hemlock distribution over extensive regions. Comparison of the two modeling techniques suggests that decision tree classification has higher overall accuracies, while MaxEnt method was more efficient in model construction. In comparison to the decision tree method, MaxEnt suffered from possibly over-fitting as indicated by increased producer’s accuracies yet lower user’s accuracies. Our study provides useful references for selecting optimized approaches in accordance with study region characteristics and end user’s preferences.
Veterinary school accreditation: on a slippery slope?

During the early part of the 20th century, inspired by a growing belief that the key to curing disease lay in scientific research, medical schools in North America, by integrating science, medicine, and technology and promoting laboratory-based research, began a remarkable transformation that would set the standard for the rest of the world. By the 1940s, many medical schools had successfully integrated teaching, research, and patient care. In sharp contrast and despite the availability of a vast biomedical literature of relevance to diseases in animals, veterinary clinical departments in the 1940s can best be described as an embarrassment. Few clinicians were trained or interested in the basic sciences, serious research in clinical departments was rare or discouraged, American textbooks of medicine and surgery rarely emphasized the pathophysiology of disease, aseptic surgery and radiology were yet to be introduced, and clinical specialists and veterinarian-scientists (clinicians responsible for patient care and equipped through basic science training to engage in high-impact biomedical research) were essentially nonexistent. This deplorable situation began to change in the United States in the aftermath of World War II owing to a huge infusion of federal dollars for biomedical research, research training, and research facilities and equipment. Led by veterinary schools whose faculties were integrated within leading research universities that also contained leading medical schools, a new generation of well-trained basic science and clinical faculty gradually emerged to bring about a revolutionary change in the quality of veterinary medical education. Clinical research, particularly research that emphasized the comparative aspects of human and veterinary medicine, was encouraged and funded, and clinical specialties, residency training programs, and research training programs for veterinarians proliferated. These advances were appreciated and absorbed readily by many practitioners in concert with increased public expectations about the scope and quality of veterinary care. To a large Veterinary school accreditation: on a slippery slope?
Expression of D1 receptor mRNA in projections from the forebrain to the ventral tegmental area

In situ hybridization was combined with Fluoro-Gold retrograde labeling to determine if cells projecting from the forebrain to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) express D1 receptor mRNA. Cell counts were made in the prefrontal cortex, shell of the nucleus accumbens, and ventral pallidum to estimate the percentage of neurons projecting to the VTA that express D1 receptor mRNA. Retrogradely labeled cells were observed in the infralimbic and prelimbic regions of the prefrontal cortex, and up to 37% of the retrogradely labeled cells expressed D1 receptor mRNA. Double-labeled cells constituted up to 89% of retrogradely labeled neurons in the rostral shell and up to 68% in the caudal shell of the nucleus accumbens. The number of retrogradely labeled cells in the ventral pallidum that were double-labeled ranged from 13% in the rostral to less than 10% in the caudal portions. These data provide anatomical support for a role of D1 receptors in the reciprocal innervation between the forebrain and VTA.
50-nm self-aligned-gate pseudomorphic AlInAs/GaInAs high electron mobility transistors

The design and fabrication of a class of 50-nm self-aligned-gate pseudomorphic AlInAs/GaInAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with potential for ultra-high-frequency and ultra-low-noise applications are reported. These devices exhibit an extrinsic transconductance of 1740 mS/mm and an extrinsic current-gain cutoff frequency of 340 GHz at room temperature. The small-signal characteristics of a pseudomorphic and a lattice-matched AlInAs/GaInAs HEMT with similar gate length (50 nm) and gate-to-channel separation (17.5 nm) are compared. The former demonstrates a 16% higher transconductance and a 15% higher current-gain cutoff frequency, but exhibits a 38% poorer output conductance. An analysis of the high-field transport properties of ultra-short gate-length AlInAs/GaInAs HEMTs shows that a reduction of gate length from 150 to 50 nm neither enhances nor reduces their average velocity. In contrast, the addition of indium from 53% to 80% improves this parameter by 19%. >
The Role of Information Technology in ICI Pharmaceuticals Group Medical Information Department

Innovative new forms of information technology help get the right information to the right people at the right time. Tracking databases, integrated word processing networks, and optical disk (or image) storage and retrieval are technologies that can be integrated to increase overall efficiency and productivity. This report describes the role of these tools in the Medical Information Department of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) Pharmaceuticals Group. Optical storage and retrieval is a particularly effective means of improving response time, eliminating the “lost reprint problem,” and substantially diminishing filing space requirements. This particular application of information technology has led to more effective utilization of professional staff time and higher quality responses in less time.
Response of electromagnetic-pulse logging sonde in axially symmetrical formation

The time-domain response of an electromagnetic-pulse logging sonde in axially symmetrical formations is obtained using the transmission-line-matrix (TLM) technique. The sonde consists of transmitting and receiving coils that are placed on the axis of the borehole. The formation is assumed to have horizontal layers with or without invasion zones. The transmitting coil emits an electromagnetic pulse of known shape. The receiver transient response was computed using the TLM technique, which calls for dividing the formation into small cells. Each cell is simulated with a matrix of transmission-lines which are connected to those of the adjacent cells. >
Preliminary development of a clinical decision rule for acute aortic syndromes.

Abstract Objective Patients with suspected acute aortic syndromes (AAS) often undergo computed tomography (CT) with negative results. We sought clinical and diagnostic criteria to identify low-risk patients, an initial step in developing a clinical decision rule. Methods We retrospectively identified all adults presenting to our emergency department (ED) from January 1, 2006, to August 1, 2010, who underwent CT angiography for suspected AAS without prior trauma or AAS. A total of 1465 patients met inclusion criteria; a retrospective case-controlled review (ratio 1:4) was conducted. Cases were diagnosed with aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, or ruptured aneurysm. Results Of the patients who underwent CT, 2.7% (40/1465) had an AAS; 2 additional cases were diagnosed after admission (ED miss rate, 5% [2/42]). Patients with AAS were significantly older than controls (66 vs 59 years; P = .008). Risk factors included abnormal chest radiograph (sensitivity, 79% [26/33]; specificity, 82% [113/137]) and acute chest pain (sensitivity, 83% [29/35]; specificity, 71% [111/157]). None of the 19 patients with resolved pain upon ED presentation had AAS. These data support a 2-step rule: first screen for ongoing pain; if present, screen for acute chest pain or an abnormal chest radiograph. This approach achieves a 54% (84/155) reduction in CT usage with a sensitivity for AAS of 96% (95% confidence interval, 89%-100%), negative predictive value of 99.8% (99.4%-100%), and a false-negative rate of 1.7% (1/84). Conclusions Our results demonstrate a need to safely identify patients at low risk for AAS who can forgo CT. We developed a preliminary 2-step clinical decision rule, which requires validation.
The Career Development Influence of Family of Origin Considerations of Race/Ethnic Group Membership and Class

Family of origin is probably the single most potent determinant of career development and one means by which the sociopolitical salience of race and class are translated into individualcareer trajectories, perhaps most significantly for those of racial/ethnicgroup minorities. However, Whiston and Keller’s critical analysis reveals that scholars have paid little attention to the relation between race/ethnic group membership and key family influencevariables.Inaddition, althoughsocioeconomicclass hasbeen shownto beparticularly influential, a readingof that analysis suggests questions aboutwhether the most important family of origin variables have been investigated. In this article, the author identifies family variables and correlates of likely importance in understanding the career development of persons from diverse racial/ethnic group minorities and diverse social strata. Future scholarship might be advanced by considering race and class in an integrated and psychologically relevant framework.
Virtual teams with anonymity and structured interactions (VTASIs)

Creativity and innovation are critically important to the well-being of many enterprises, including those offering engineering- and technology-based services. Cross-functional teams are traditionally employed by companies to pursue projects involving creativity and innovation. These teams comprise of participants in face-to-face settings. Alternatively, asynchronous virtual teams may also be engaged to enable identifiable participants to interact via digital means from a distance. Asynchronous virtual teams are especially convenient to participants at global locations in multiple time zones.
Potential multicarrier and spread spectrum systems for future aviation data links

We examine the potential use of several multicarrier (MC) and spread spectrum (SS) systems for future aviation data links. These techniques are seeing widespread research, development, and deployment in commercial terrestrial settings, and offer many advantages over more traditional approaches. We consider direct-sequence (DS) SS, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and variations of code-division multiple access (CDMA). A comparison of the characteristics of these techniques is provided, and application to an aeronautical environment is also discussed. This comparison addresses bandwidth efficiency and throughput, performance, security, and implementation issues. Example analytical and simulation results for performance on a two-ray dispersive channel, and in the presence of interference, are provided, and allow some insight into how the size of the list of candidate schemes for future investigation might be reduced
An enzymatic method for 5-fluorocytosine.

We developed an enzymatic method for determination of 5-fluorocytosine in serum, using creatine iminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.21), the Cobas-Bio analyzer, and an extant ammonia method. Analytical recovery (y) of drug added to serum (x) was good, with y = 0.97x-0.7, Sy.x = 3.6, r = 0.997 (n = 65) over the range 6.25 to 150 mg/L. Comparison with an HPLC method (x) showed good agreement: y = 0.98x + 1.34, Sy.x = 3.7 (n = 37), as analyzed with the Deming debiased regression. Precision was good, CVs being less than 3% for within-run and less than 6% for between-run controls. Ammonia, amphotericin B, glucose, urea, and hemolysis do not interfere, but bilirubin shows analyte-dependent interference and lipemia interferes when triglycerides exceed 5 g/L. This assay is accurate, inexpensive, and easy to perform. It can be easily adapted for routine or emergency use.
Prediction of venous thromboembolism after surgery for colorectal cancer: a prevention paradigm

SUMMARY Colorectal cancer patients are at elevated risk for venous thromboembolism, especially in the postsurgical setting. Many risk factors particular to colorectal patients have been identified including malignancy-associated hypercoagulability, colorectal cancer in its own right, chemotherapy, obesity and operative approach. While initiatives aimed at improving inpatient prophylaxis have been effective, the period of risk extends far beyond the inpatient episode suggesting that this approach is inadequate. The prolonged hypercoaguable state combined with the efficacy of extended-duration thromboprophylaxis has led to international consensus guidelines suggesting its implementation. International compliance is low, highlighting the need for greater educational efforts. Risk stratification using identified predictors of venous thromboembolism may improve guideline delivery through a more targeted approach.
Tunable subpicosecond dye laser amplified at 1 kHz by a cavity-dumped, Q-switched, and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser

Tunable subpicosecond pulses are generated by synchronously pumping a dye laser with the pulse-compressed and frequency-doubled output of an acousto-optically mode-locked cw Nd:YAG laser. The pulses are amplified at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, using the frequency-doubled output of a cavity-dumped, acousto-optically mode-locked, Q-switched, cw pumped Nd:YAG laser. Amplified transform-limited pulses of 150–300 fsec have been obtained in the wavelength range of 560–680 nm (R6G and DCM dyes) with a maximum energy of 50 μJ. Since there is no intracavity prism compensation and no recompression stage after the amplifier, the system is tuned easily with a single-plate birefringent filter; only cavity-length adjustment is required. An electronic control system eliminates amplitude fluctuations caused by timing jitter between the 70-psec amplifying pulses and the dye pulses.
Study on Reducing False Targets for Anti-collision Radar in Intelligence Transportation System

A novel waveform named double-slope symmetrical saw-tooth wave is presented and its corresponding algorithm is also introduced to resolve the problem of multiple targets detection for automotive anti-collision radar. The method by using the proposed waveform and algorithm improves the response characteristic of radar system and reduces false targets in detection process. Computer simulation results and theoretical analysis prove that the method is effective and practical for multiple targets detection in intelligence transportation system.
The P-3 ultra-wideband SAR: description and examples

Under the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)/ASTO sponsorship, through a contract from the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) has developed an ultra-wideband (UWB) very high frequency (VHF)/ultrahigh frequency (UHF) fully polarimetric airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for studying the detection of foliage-obscured objects. The radar is installed in the NAWC P-3 testbed aircraft and takes advantage of existing ERIM-built multimode, fully-polarimetric X/L/C-band SAR hardware. This paper describes the radar and presents some examples of its capabilities including polarimetric imagery and two-pass interferometric surface height estimates.
Persisting Transference After Interrupted Psychoanalyses and Other Therapeutic Relationships

Summary Attention is drawn to a clinical syndrome apparently associated with a persisting transference following a previous interrupted psychoanlysis or some other intensive therapeutic relationship. Two classical cases are reviewed through a long-term follow-up: the case of Anna O. and the case of the Wolf-Man. Other literature is discussed, about termination of psychoanalysis and transfer of psychotherapy patients, about second analyses and whether the original analyst can resolve his patient's transference completely. The bulk of the paper concerns thirty patients seen in diagnostic interviews, in psychotherapy or in full psychoanalysis. Three sample case histories are presented. The patients have been classified as manifesting (a) minimal unresolved transference, (b) unresolved transference with insight, or (c) unresolved transference without insight. Symptoms presented by about half of the third group have been tabulated for all three groups and described. A full constellation of symptoms is as follows: after a period of hypomanic optimism, absence of feelings, then hypochondriasis, fatigue and weakness, lack of initiative and indecision; phobias, especially for doctors and medication and for the new analyst's couch; insomnia, forgetting or not understanding dreams, and difficulties in communication, especially in social groups or with the previous analyst. Some prevailing circumstances at the onset of symptoms have been tabulated and there has been an unsuccessful attempt to correlate the symptoms with previous personality structure. The course of most of these 30 patients has been followed up for five to ten years after they were first seen after the original, or a second, analysis. Spotty experience has also been reported with instances of these clinical phenomena following other therapeutic relationships which were prematurely terminated. The dynamics of these phenomena have been discussed as manifestations of grief reactions to separation from the original psychoanalyst or therapist. Aspects of psychoanalytic technique and of counter transference considerations have been mentioned in relation to literature. These phenomena may intrude as complications in psychoanalytic education, but this paper aims merely at drawing attention to their use in treatment when they are threatening the pursuit of completion of a process which was aborted before optimum development. Appreciation is due to several analysts who have made suggestions about the manuscript of this paper or a precursor of it. A few years ago Dr. Helen McLean and the late Dr. George Mohr contributed many helpful criticisms of an earlier version. Dr. Therese Benedek, in a lecture, stimulated in the author the idea of laying such a manuscript aside for a few years before revising and updating it. More recently Dr. Fred Kapp, Dr. maurice Levine and Dr. Paul Ornstein have improved this edition for publication.
Managing Price Promotions Within a Product Line

In this paper, I investigate the question of how a firm producing substitutes should coordinate price promotions of these products. I model price competition between two firms, each producing two products that are horizontally differentiated with respect to some characteristic. Consumers are divided into loyals, who always purchase their preferred product, and switchers, who have heterogeneous preferences for the four products. If consumers substitute easily between the products produced by one firm, the firms promote one product at a time to avoid cannibalization. If consumers mainly substitute between the products with the same characteristic, the firms often employ joint promotions with at least one product at a deep discount. If, at the same time, consumers easily substitute to the products in other categories, the firms use joint promotions less often and avoid simultaneous deep discounts. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0938.
Occupational and lifestyle risk factors in a wellness programme associated with low back injuries in a Midwest university

ABSTRACTEmployers need a clear understanding of the risk factors associated with low back (LB) injury for future prevention in the workplace. A data mining approach was used to analyse data-sets (Workers' Compensation claims data for employees participating in a health and wellness programme at a Midwestern university) in a retrospective study to summarise the risk factors associated with LB injury. Eight risk factors (age, cause of injury, night shift, fatigue, emotional health, stress level, physical and emotional impairment) are associated with LB injury in the workplace. Age was an effect modifier: lifting, twisting, bending (LTB) and emotional risk factors were associated for employees younger than 40 years old, whereas LTB, slips, trips, falls, and physical risk factors for employees 40 and older. Future considerations discussed not only engineering solutions, but the psychological and lifestyle risk factors associated with LB injury and the need for development of preventative programmes.
Insulin Dependence Increases the Risk of Failure After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Morbidly Obese Patients

Abstract The aims of this study were to compare the outcomes between nondiabetic (n=1284), type II diabetic (n=530), and insulin-dependent type II diabetic (n=164) morbidly obese (body mass index ≥40kg/m 2 ) patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty at 6-year follow-up. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) had similar outcomes when compared with non-DM patients. However, patients with insulin dependence had an increased risk of reoperation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; P =.005), revision (HR, 2; P =.02), and periprosthetic joint infection (HR, 2.1; P =.03), as well as decreased 10-year implant survivorship (84% vs 92%; P =.01) when compared to non-DM patients. Prospective studies should further evaluate outcomes and optimization measures within this population. Level of evidence: Level III—prognostic study.
The Gramicidin Pore: Crystal Structure of a Gramicidin/Cesium Chloride Complex

The structure of the pore form of gramicidin has been determined at high resolution by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a gramicidin/cesium chloride complex. Not only do the conformations of the polypeptide backbone and side chains make clear how this molecule can form a pore, but the presence of ions in the structure also reveals the nature of the ligand-polypeptide interactions. A number of solvent molecules are visible in the pore and knowledge of their relationship to the ions forms a basis for understanding ion translocation.
Livelihood diversification and institutional (dis-)trust: Artisanal fishing communities under resource management programs in Providencia and Santa Catalina, Colombia

Abstract The expanse of ocean designated as marine protected areas (MPAs) has increased considerably, particularly since the 1990s. Most MPAs are situated close to shore where small-scale fishermen access resources for nutritional and economic security, which may potentially create adverse effects on local livelihoods. This paper draws from the results of fourteen-months of fieldwork conducted on the Caribbean islands of Providencia and Santa Catalina, Colombia, focused on identifying fishermen’s livelihood approaches and determining the variables that influence their decision to accept or reject conservation programs. Findings suggest that fishermen deliberately diversify their livelihoods, ensuring resiliency when faced with fluctuations in marine resources and, more recently, resource management policies. In addition, it finds that trust in local government institutions is the variable that most shapes fishermen’s acceptance of MPAs.
Investigation of the Infertile Couple

Infertility is defined as a failure to achieve conception during 1 or more years of intercourse of adequate frequency without the use of contraception. Primary infertility indicates those patients who have never conceived. Secondary infertility indicates previous pregnancy but failure to conceive subsequently during one or more years of unprotected intercourse. Absolute infertility or sterility indicates those individuals who have an absolute factor preventing conception. Relative infertility involves conditions that are potentially correctable after diagnosis.
Ge x Si 1-x infrared detectors grown by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical-vapor deposition for focal-plane arrays

Heterojunction p++ GexSi1−x/p-Si internal-photoemission infrared (HIP) detectors offer the possibility of extending the wavelength response of Si-based Schottky-barrier focal-plane arrays (EPAs). A 400×400-element FPA with a cutoff wavelength of 9.3 µm that incorporates GeSi HIP detectors using films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy has been demonstrated.1 In this investigation, we fabricated individual HIP detectors by using two different device structures grown by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical-vaper deposition (UHVCVD). One of these structures utilizes the selective epitaxial growth of heavily doped p-type GeSi films within oxide windows patterned on (100) p-Si substrates.
Effect of endotoxin and anaphylatoxin on rat mast cells and chopped rat lung.

Conclusions1. Neither endotoxin, nor anaphylatoxin generated by the action of endotoxin on rat serum, released histamine from rat mast cell suspensions. 2. Preformed anaphylatoxin, but not endotoxi...
Effect of Chemosterilants on Fertility of Cabbage Loopers

Experiments conducted from 1961 to 63 at Riverside, Calif., to determine the effects of apholate, tepa, and metepa on reproduction of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubncr), showed that male moths feeding on apholatc and tepa were sterilized by lower dosages than females. Males were sterilized when fed 0.06% apholate or 0.02% tcpa solutions whereas 0.25% apholate or 1% tepa was necessary to induce complete sterility in females. Neither chemical appeared to affect male longevity. Male moths exposed for 2 hr on residues from aqueous solutions of 4%, 8%, or 16% tcpa were completely sterilized, but residues from aqueous solutions of 16% or 32% metepa were necessary to produce the same effects. Male moths were sterilized after 15 min or longer on glass surfaces treated with 8% tepa. Exposure to 18-day-old residues from 8% tepa also produced complete sterility. Residues up to 38 days of age continued to produce a high degree of sterility.
Studies on C20-diterpenoid alkaloids: synthesis of the hetidine framework and its application to the synthesis of dihydronavirine and the atisine skeleton.

The full details of a synthesis of the hetidine framework of the C20-diterpenoid alkaloids and its conversion to the atisine core structure are reported. The application of the hetidine framework to the synthesis of dihydronavirine, which is the formal reduction product of the natural product navirine, is also described. Key to the success of these studies is the use of a Ga(III)-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction of alkynylindenes to prepare a [6–7–6] framework that was advanced to the hetidine skeleton. Furthermore, a Michael/aldol sequence was developed for the construction of the bicyclo[2.2.2] framework that is characteristic of the hetidines and atisines.
Normative Models for Some Warehouse Sizing Problems

Abstract The problem examined is the determination of the optimum size for a warehouse used to store products over a finite planning horizon. Both fixed and changeable warehouse size problems are treated under conditions of deterministic and probabilistic storage demand. The latter is formulated as a linear programming problem and transformed via duality theory into an equivalent network flow problem for efficient solution. Costs considered are those due to warehouse construction, storage of products within the facility, and storage demand not satisfied by storage in the warehouse.
CFD Modeling of Rotor Flowfield Aboard Ship

This paper presents some results of the interactional aerodynamics of ship deck and rotorcraft using overset grids to facilitate moving -body computation. The relative motion arises from both the rotation of the blades and the forward translation of the rotors. A geometrically simpler problem with an infinite ground plane underneath an isolated rotor with discrete blades is first studied and compared with available downwash data from a flight test. The ground plane is then replaced with a simplified ship deck model to compute the peak and total load on a hangar door. I. Introduction Considerable bowing and flapping of the T-AKE (Fig. 1 left) hangar doors was observed during flight testing of H -60 and V-22 aircraft in 2006. This rais ed concerns that outwash from a large rotorcraft could load the doors beyond their design limits. A CFD analysis was performed to determine the unsteady loading on the T -AKE hangar door due to the outwash of a large helicopter and its interaction with the surrounding structures . The analysis provides the unsteady pressure loading data necessary to help determine if the doors will fail and assist future design . CFD is applied to compute the loads representative of a large helicopter on the T-AKE hangar door during a ~10ft and ~20ft wheel height over deck (WHOD) hover (main rotor disk ~30ft and ~40ft above flight deck). The surface of the shi p topside geometry is modeled in order to capture the effects of the superstructure geometry. Many of the smaller geometric features that have little influence on the hangar door area are neglected to ease CFD surface grid generation. The rotor is modeled as discrete blades. A heavy gross weight (GW) 70,000 lbs at 103% Nr is chosen to set the main rotor operating conditions. The fuselage is neglected for expedience considering its second order effect on the rotor outwash. All computations are run time-accurate in order to capture the unsteady loading.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies

Abstract We attempted prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies in 15 cases — 11 for β-thalassemia and four for sickle-cell disease. Fetoscopy was used in seven cases, and placental aspiration in eight. One premature labor, with fetal loss, followed placental aspiration. Globin synthesis was assessed by incubation of samples with 3H-leucine and chain separation on carboxymethylcellulose columns. Homozygous disease was predicted in two pregnancies, which were interrupted, and the diagnosis confirmed. In one case homozygosity was suspected. A repeat test was advised but not accepted. The fetus had thalassemia trait. One pregnancy was interrupted despite our prediction of thalassemia trait. Eight pregnancies went to term. Seven predictions that the infants would not have homozygous disease were confirmed. One prediction of sickle trait proved to be sickle-cell disease. Although prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies is feasible, the present frequency of fetal loss and diagnostic error indicates need for imp...
STUDY ON OPTIMUM SET-UP MODEL FOR STRIP FLATNESS ON HC-MILL

In this paper, a new method of the rolling schedule set up and optimizing for cold strip HC-mill is introduced. Based on flatness calculation with Influence Function method, Golden Section method and multivariable regression analysis, a set-up model of relationship between intermediate roll shifting and roll bending force for best shape is obtained. In the paper, according to the data from HC-mill practice a series of model coefficients and the parameters of the set-up are given.
THE AMPHIPATHIC ALPHA HELICES OF THE TOXOPLASMA PROTEIN GRA2 MEDIATE POST-SECRETORY MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION

The Toxoplasma gondii protein GRA2 is secreted into the parasite-containing vacuole where it is rapidly and specifically targeted to a network of membranous tubules that connect with the vacuolar membrane. To examine the molecular basis of this association, we expressed an HA9 epitope-tagged form of GRA2 by stable transformation of Toxoplasma. GRA2-HA9 was correctly packaged inside the dense granules, secreted into the PV and targeted to the network, as shown by immunoelectron microscopy, immunofluorescence and cell fractionation. Expression of deletion mutants of GRA2-HA9 lacking either of two amphipathic alpha helices resulted in the production and secretion of soluble proteins which were unable to stably associate with the network. A mutant in which the amino acids of the first alpha helix were rearranged to a non-amphipathic pattern localized correctly to the network but failed to remained stably associated with the membrane. Collectively, these results demonstrate that targeting and membrane association occur by separate mechanisms and that the combination of both alpha helices is essential for stable localization of GRA2 to the network.
Health information technology adoption in California community health centers.

Author(s): Kim, Katherine K; Rudin, Robert S; Wilson, Machelle D | Abstract: ObjectivesNational and state initiatives to spur adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) and health information exchange (HIE) among providers in rural and underserved communities have been in place for 15 years. Our goal was to systematically assess the impact of these initiatives by quantifying the level of adoption and key factors associated with adoption among community health centers in California.Study designCross-sectional statewide survey.MethodsWe conducted a telephone survey of all California primary care community health centers (CHCs) from August to September 2013. Multiple logistic regressions were fit to test for associations between various practice characteristics and adoption of EHRs, meaningful use-certified EHRs, and HIE. For the multivariable model, we included those variables which were significant at the P = .10 level in the univariate tests.ResultsWe received responses from 194 CHCs (73.5% response rate). Adoption of any EHRs (80.3%) and meaningful use-certified EHRs (94.6% of those with an EHR) was very high. Adoption of HIE is substantial (48.7%) and took place within a few years (mean = 2.61 years; SD = 2.01). More than half (54.7%) of CHCs are able to receive data into the EHR indicating some level of interoperability. Patient engagement capacity is moderate, with 21.6% offering a PHR, and 55.2% electronic visit summaries. Rural location and belonging to a multi-site clinic organization both increase the odds of adoption of EHRs, HIE, and electronic visit summary, with the odds ratio ranging from 0.63 to 3.28 (all P values l .05).ConclusionsGreater adoption of health information technology (IT) in rural areas may be the result of both federal and state investments. As CHCs lack access to capital for investments, continued support of technology infrastructure may be needed for them to further leverage health IT to improve healthcare.
The changing landscape of papillary thyroid cancer: Epidemiology, management, and the implications for patients

The incidence of thyroid cancer has tripled over the past 3 decades, with the vast majority of the increase noted to be among small, indolent papillary thyroid carcinomas. Substantial overdiagnosis and potential overtreatment have led to a shift in clinical practice toward less aggressive approaches and a focus on improved risk stratification. This shift in practice may be associated with recent evidence suggesting that the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer is slowing. Because patients are often young when they are diagnosed with thyroid cancer and because there is excellent long-term, disease-specific survival, there is an ever-growing population of survivors of thyroid cancer in the United States who accumulate substantial associated health care costs as they undergo surveillance and/or remedial treatment. Survivors of thyroid cancer can experience significant detriments to their quality of life and endure financial hardship. Future research should focus on the appropriateness of treatment as well as the financial and quality-of-life effects of thyroid cancer survivorship. Cancer 2016;122:3754-3759. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Theoretical Framework for Understanding Gender Roles and Relations

Gendered social relations were inextricably linked to class, ethnicity, race, sexuality, and identity, among innumerable other social, cultural, economic, and political forces that both shaped and were shaped by the lived experiences of residents in Deerfield and throughout the United States. In addition, how individuals and families understood, interpreted, and operationalized gender ideologies was vastly influenced by the rural or urban or suburban context in which they lived as well as the changes and transformations that were part of the natural life course from a child to an adult to a young parent to an elderly individual.
Pericardial Fluid Exosomes: A New Material to Treat Cardiovascular Disease

Recent studies using exosomes as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of vascular diseases have led to very encouraging responses.1–3 To date, exosomes secreted by stem and progenitor cells in the myocardium have shown promising therapeutic benefits, although their precise cellular origin and mechanism(s) of action remain poorly characterized. In this issue of Molecular Therapy, Beltrami et al.4 report that exosomes present in the pericardial fluid (PF) of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) are enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs) co-expressed in patients’ myocardium and vasculature.
Latency and saturation in networks with finite buffers

This paper is devoted to networks with different size of buffers (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50). The ring and the two-dimension torus topology networks are considered, and the results are compared with these for networks with infinite buffers. The network behavior in terms of the average number of messages and the latency has been studied. Both second-order and first-order transitions to the saturation state have been observed. The results show that the model of independent queues, which is valid for networks with infinite buffers, is still applicable for the load values outside of the critical region, but breaks down, which violates the Jackson theorem.
Automated computational aberration correction method for OCT and OCM (Conference Presentation)

Aberrations in an optical system cause a reduction in imaging resolution and poor image contrast, and limit the imaging depth when imaging biological samples. Computational adaptive optics (CAO) provides an inexpensive and simpler alternative to the traditionally used hardware-based adaptive optics (HAO) techniques. In this paper, we present an automated computational aberration correction method for broadband interferometric imaging techniques, e.g. optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence microscopy (OCM). In the proposed method, the process of aberration correction is modeled as a filtering operation on the aberrant image using a phase filter in the Fourier domain. The phase filter is expressed as a linear combination of Zernike polynomials with unknown coefficients, which are estimated through an iterative optimization scheme based on maximizing an image sharpness metric. The Resilient backpropagation (Rprop) algorithm, which was originally proposed as an alternative to the gradient-descent-based backpropagation algorithm for training the weights in a multilayer feedforward neural network, is employed to optimize the Zernike polynomial coefficients because of its simplicity and the robust performance to the choice of various parameters. Stochastic selection of the number and type of Zernike modes is introduced at each optimization step to explore different trajectories to enable search for multiple optima in the multivariate search space. The method was validated on various tissue samples and shows robust performance for samples with different scattering properties, e.g. a phantom with subresolution particles, an ex vivo rabbit adipose tissue, and an in vivo photoreceptor layer of the human retina.
Confirmatory Tests for the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism: A Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study

The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism typically requires at least one confirmatory test. The fludrocortisone suppression test is generally accepted as a reliable confirmatory test, but it is cumbe...
Spatial genetic patterns indicate mechanism and consequences of large carnivore cohabitation within development.

Patterns of human development are shifting from concentrated housing toward sprawled housing intermixed with natural land cover, and wildlife species increasingly persist in close proximity to housing, roads, and other anthropogenic features. These associations can alter population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. Large carnivores increasingly occupy urban peripheries, yet the ecological consequences for populations established entirely within urban and exurban landscapes are largely unknown. We applied a spatial and landscape genetics approach, using noninvasively collected genetic data, to identify differences in black bear spatial genetic patterns across a rural-to-urban gradient and quantify how development affects spatial genetic processes. We quantified differences in black bear dispersal, spatial genetic structure, and migration between differing levels of development within a population primarily occupying areas with >6 houses/km2 in western Connecticut. Increased development disrupted spatial genetic structure, and we found an association between increased housing densities and longer dispersal. We also found evidence that roads limited gene flow among bears in more rural areas, yet had no effect among bears in more developed ones. These results suggest dispersal behavior is condition-dependent and indicate the potential for landscapes intermixing development and natural land cover to facilitate shifts toward increased dispersal. These changes can affect patterns of range expansion and the phenotypic and genetic composition of surrounding populations. We found evidence that subpopulations occupying more developed landscapes may be sustained by male-biased immigration, creating potentially detrimental demographic shifts.
High Field Tokamaks for Burning Plasma Experiments

A direct consequence of the ELMy H-mode regime of tokamaks is that, for a constant value of the energy gain Q, both the plasma linear dimension and the normalized plasma density and beta are decreasing functions of the toroidal magnetic field. In this paper, starting from the conditions foreseen for the latest versions of ITER, we derive the plasma parameters of three tokamak plasmas with a toroidal magnetic field of 8, 10, and 13 T.
First Pass Uptake in the Human Lung of Drugs Used during Anesthesia

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on understanding the extent and character of uptake of drugs, both in the human lung and in isolated perfused animal lung preparations. It is well established that the pulmonary circulation has important functions other than gas exchange. This includes a pharmacokinetic function in which cells of the pulmonary endothelium have been shown to accumulate a wide variety of biogenic and xenobiotic substances. The lung can play an important role in regulating the arterial blood concentrations of compounds that exhibit high pulmonary accumulation. The pulmonary circulation is capable of a very rapid and extensive extraction of certain drugs from the blood during a single transit through the lung after intravenous administration of the drug bolus. The extent of uptake depends on the physicochemical characteristics of the drug and its binding affinity to plasma proteins and lung tissue. Any factor that alters plasma protein binding of a drug could alter the partitioning of the drug between the plasma and lung tissue. For some basic lipophilic amines the high first pass uptake in the human lung controls the initial rate of entry of the major portion of the dose into the systemic circulation and plays a complex role in moderating plasma drug concentrations during the early distributional phase of plasma pharmacokinetics. The extent of first pass uptake in the lung also predicts the relative magnitude of the lung as a tissue reservoir of the drug at later times after administration during the dispositional phase of the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. Pulmonary uptake kinetics can reflect the effect of rate process such as association and dissociation from plasma protein and diffusion rates. The fact that the pulmonary capillary bed accumulates so many different drugs presents an opportunity for using these therapeutic agents as indicators in multiple indicator dilution studies of the pulmonary circulation in humans.
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the Management of Liver Disease

While pharmacologic doses of specific vitamins or minerals are probably not warranted as a therapy for acute or chronic liver disease, deficiencies of micronutrients among patients with liver disease are extremely common, act to the detriment of the patient, and should be corrected so that normal metabolic processes can allow both regeneration of tissue and resistance to infection.
Statistics of the distance traveled until successful connectivity for unmanned vehicles

In this paper, we consider a scenario where a robot needs to establish connectivity with a remote operator or another robot, as it moves along a path. We are interested in answering the following question: what is the distance traveled by the robot along the path before it finds a connected spot? More specifically, we are interested in characterizing the statistics of the distance traveled along the path before it gets connected, in realistic channel environments experiencing path loss, shadowing and multipath effects. We develop an exact mathematical analysis of these statistics for straight-line paths and also mathematically characterize a more general space of loop-free paths (beyond straight paths) for which the analysis holds, based on the properties of the path such as its curvature. Finally, we confirm our theoretical analysis using extensive numerical results with real channel parameters from downtown San Francisco.
My First Year in Academia or the Mythical Black Woman Superhero Takes on the Ivory Tower

In this autoethnographic article, I explore my experiences as an early career Academic of Color. Drawing on previous theoretical constructions such as the Strong Black Woman schema (SBW), I present these experiences through the lens of DC Comics’ Vixen, a Black female superhero. This research highlights systemic disparities in the treatment of women Faculty of Color and offers suggestions for navigating these challenges.
As-Encountered Prediction of Tunnel Boring Machine Performance Parameters using Recurrent Neural Networks:

The earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine (TBM) is advanced excavation machinery used to efficiently drill through subsurface ground layers while placing precast concrete tunnel segments. Th...
Bilateral Choroid Plexus Papillomas Diagnosed by Prenatal Ultrasound and MRI.

We present a rare prenatal diagnosis of bilateral choroid plexus papillomas by obstetrical ultrasound and fetal MRI at 20 weeks 6 days gestation. The fetus demonstrated bilateral enlarged, echogenic choroid plexus with increased Doppler flow suggestive of vascularized choroid tissue. Same-day fetal MRI demonstrated that the choroid plexus appeared enlarged bilaterally without definite hemorrhage. The combined features on ultrasound and MRI suggested bilateral choroid plexus papillomas with increased cerebrospinal fluid production, leading to ventriculomegaly and enlarged extra-axial spaces. The diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal pathology, which demonstrated WHO grade II atypical choroid plexus papillomas.