cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real time excitation-emission spectra for in vivo disease diagnosis

It has been demonstrated that fluorescence spectroscopy is able to distinguish between diseased and healthy tissue and now is being explored as a potential tool for the diagnosis of disease. This often requires complete characterization of the absorption and fluorescence properties of normal and abnormal tissues over the near UV and visible regions. Such information is often collected and displayed in the form of an excitation emission matrix (EEM). We have designed, fabricated, and tested a compact, transportable EEM system capable of collecting multi-excitation spectra in approximately 600 milliseconds in a reliable manner. This is an increase in data collection speed of at least an order of magnitude over some other previous systems and is an essential advantage when measuring spectroscopic signals in vivo. Spectra can be collected from the same tissue site, without artifacts due to probe displacement caused by heartbeats, breathing and other body motions, and without undue strain on the patience of the physician and patient. A white light source provides simultaneous measurement of diffuse reflectance from the same tissue site on each cycle, giving important additional diagnostic information. Our system uses a 337 nm nitrogen laser to pump a sequence of ten dye cuvettes located on a rotating wheel. The pump is also used as an excitation source, providing a total of eleven excitation wavelengths approximately uniformly spaced in the range 337 to 505 nm. By changing the dyes used, the excitation wavelengths can be varied as required.
Neuroanatomical correlates of emotional blunting in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Background Emotional blunting is a characteristic feature of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and can help discriminate between patients with bvFTD and other forms of younger-onset dementia. Objective We compared the presence of emotional blunting symptoms in patients with bvFTD and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), and investigated the neuroanatomical associations between emotional blunting and regional brain volume. Methods Twenty-five individuals with bvFTD (n = 11) and early-onset AD (n = 14) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were rated on symptoms of emotional blunting using the Scale for Emotional Blunting (SEB). The two groups were compared on SEB ratings and MRI-derived brain volume using tensor-based morphometry. Voxel-wise linear regression was performed to determine neuroanatomical correlates of SEB scores. Results The bvFTD group had significantly higher SEB scores compared to the AD group. On MRI, bvFTD patients had smaller bilateral frontal lobe volume compared to AD patients, while AD patients had smaller bilateral temporal and left parietal volume than bvFTD patients. In bvFTD, SEB ratings were strongly correlated with right anterior temporal volume, while the association between SEB and the right orbitofrontal cortex was non-significant. Conclusions Symptoms of emotional blunting were more prevalent in bvFTD than early-onset AD patients. These symptoms were particularly associated with right-sided atrophy, with significant involvement of the right anterior temporal region. Based on these findings, the SEB appears to measure symptoms of emotional blunting that are localized to the right anterior temporal lobe.
White Americans, The New Minority? Non-Blacks and the Ever-Expanding Boundaries of Whiteness.

We Hispanics are, finally, like other immigrant groups… Yes, the Hispanics are going to become more like the majority. Their families will be smaller, better educated, more traveled. Roots will be lost. Language will be lost. Food will be the last to go. We will be eating tacos and tortillas for a long time to come. (Cesar Chavez, cited in Morgan, 1985, pp. 79–80)The American Dream is at the expense of the American Negro. (James Baldwin, cited in Leeming, 1994)
Policy Scale-free Organizational Network: Artifact or Phenomenon?

The research examined the Federal government’s information infrastructure system’s (IIS’s) national security policy over the decade of the 1990s to provide continuous empirical evidence of the Federal government’s understanding of the IIS’s vulnerabilities, risks to national security, and the dearth of policy actions to address those vulnerabilities. The research also discovered that when depicted as a network, policy’s organizational structure resembled a scale-free network. But, is it truly a scale-free network or only an artifact?
Visuomotor adaptation to displacing prisms by adult and baby barn owls

The capacity of barn owls to adapt visuomotor behavior in response to prism-induced displacement of the visual field was tested in babies and adults. Matched, binocular Fresnel prisms, which displaced the visual field 11 degrees, 23 degrees, or 34 degrees to the right, were placed on owls for periods of up to 99 d. Seven baby owls wore the prisms from the day the eyelids first opened; 2 owls wore them as adults. Prism adaptation was measured by the accuracy with which a target was approached and struck with the talons, a behavior similar to pointing behavior used commonly to assess prism adaptation in primates. Baby and adult owls exhibited a limited capacity to adapt this visuomotor behavior. Acquisition of adapted behavior was slow, taking place over a period of weeks, and was never complete even for owls that were raised viewing the world through relatively weak (11 degrees) displacing prisms. When the prisms were removed from adapted owls, they struck to the opposite side of the target. The recovery of strike accuracy following prism removal was rapid; 7 of 9 owls recovered normal accuracy within 30 min of prism removal, despite having worn the prisms for months. This limited capacity for adaptation contrasts dramatically with the extensive and rapid adaptation exhibited by adult primates exposed to comparable prismatic displacements. The mechanism of adaptation used by the owls was to alter the movements employed for approaching targets. Instead of moving straight ahead, the head and body moved diagonally relative to the orientation of the head. Thus, in contrast to prism adaptation by humans that can involve reinterpretation of eye, head, and limb position, prism adaptation by owls is based on changes in the motor commands that underlie approach behavior.
OLIGOMERIZATION OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING PERFLUOROACYL FLUORIDES WITH HEXAFLUOROPROPENE OXIDE

Abstract The ionic oligomerization of eight nitrogen-containing perfluoroacyl fluorides {perfluoro(3-dimethylaminopropionyl fluoride) ( 1a ), perfluoro(dimethylaminoacetyl fluoride) ( 1b ), perfluoro(morpholinoacetyl fluoride) ( 1c ), perfluoro(3- pyrrolidinopropionyl fluoride) ( 1d ), perfluoro(3-morpholinopropionyl fluoride) ( 1e ), perfluoro(2-morpholinopro pionyl fluoride) ( 1f ), perfluoro(2-methyl-3-morpholinopropionyl fluoride) ( 1g ) and perfluoro(3-morpholinobutyryl fluoride) ( 1h )} with hexafluoropropene oxide (HFPO) has been investigated. The 1:1 adducts of the acyl fluorides and HFPO were obtained in good yield except for the cases of 1f, 1g and 1h . The difference in the reactivity of two isomers ( 1e and 1f ) is discussed in terms of the nucleophilicity of the alkoxide formed from them on the basis of the molecular orbital calculations.
Failure patterns correlate with the proportion of residual carcinoma after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus.

BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to test the hypothesis that patterns of failure are correlated with the degree of residual carcinoma after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with esophageal carcinoma. METHODS The authors analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus who underwent preoperative CRT. The residual carcinoma in the resected specimen was categorized into 3 groups (0%, 1–50%, and > 50%). The initial patterns of failure were analyzed according to these categories. RESULTS Of the 235 patients who underwent CRT, 69 (29%) achieved a pathologic complete response (pathCR; Group A), 109 patients (46%) achieved a response but it was less than a pathCR (1–50% residual carcinoma; Group B), and 57 (24%) had no response (> 50% residual carcinoma; Group C). The time to locoregional recurrence was significantly longer for Group A compared with Group C (P = 0.05). The rate of distant metastases was significantly lower in Groups A and B compared with Group C (14% in Group A, 29% in Group B, and 33% in Group C; P = 0.03). The distant metastases-free survival was found to be significantly longer in Groups A and B compared with Group C (Group A vs. Group B, P = 0.01; Group A vs. Group C, P < 0.0001; and Group B vs. Group C, P = 0.03). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the responding groups (Groups A and B) had no disease recurrence compared with Group C (81% in Group A, 67% in Group B, and 61% in Group C; P = 0.04). The overall survival and disease-free survival were found to be significantly longer in Groups A and B compared with Group C. CONCLUSIONS Data from the current study demonstrate that the proportion of residual carcinoma after preoperative CRT is significantly correlated with patterns of locoregional and distant failure. Future investigations should focus on reducing the proportion of residual carcinoma and metastatic disease progression in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Making a Difference: Library and Teaching Faculty Working Together to Develop Strategies in Dealing with Student Plagiarism

Student plagiarism is a problem affecting all colleges. Various strategies have been developed to deal with this situation. But, the collaborative efforts of subject faculty and librarians in creating a team approach towards plagiarism can produce positive results. Research shows that these relationships can provide structure to assignments creating an environment beneficial to the student researcher. Suggestions in recognizing and options for dealing with plagiarism are discussed.
Organized debt buybacks: No cure for free riding?

Abstract This paper discusses the possibility of resolving the international debt overhang problem through an ‘organized buyback’ at the secondary market prices suggested by Peter Kenen. We focus on one aspect of the feasibility: the elimination of the free-rider problem of creditors in the presence of the secondary market for sovereign debt. The analysis shows that there are equilibria in which the ‘organized buyback’ can be blocked by the free riding among banks.
Absorption physics at 351 nm in spherical geometry

Absorption and energy partitioning have been measured for spherical targets irradiated on the OMEGA facility by six beams of nanosecond 351-nm laser radiation at intensities from 10/sup 13/ to 10/sup 15/ W cm/sup -2/. Efficient collisional absorption is found, in agreement with one-dimensional simulations including refraction and inhibited transport, and very low levels (approx.10/sup -4/) of superthermal electron production are demonstrated.
Painful Rash in a Patient With Bronchiectasis

A71-year-oldmanwithahistoryofbronchiectasispresentswithapainful rash and swelling of his right foot for 1 day. He has had no fevers, joint pain, recent trauma, or new exposures to the area. He was diagnosed with bronchiectasis of unknown etiology 6 years ago and notes a worsening of his cough and dyspnea over the past few months. A recent computed tomography scan of the chest revealedmildbronchiectasisandgroundglass inflammation(Figure, left), andrecentpulmonary functiontestsshowedcombinedobstructiveand restrictivedefects.Hismedications includealbuterol inhaler, fluticasonesalmeterol inhaler, guaifenesin, and loratadine. On examination, the patient’s vital signs are normal. He has a purpuric plaque on the right medial ankle and dorsal foot, with central vesicles (Figure, right). The rash is tender to palpation, and there is associatednonpittingedemaof the right footandankle.Laboratoryvalues are notable for a leukocyte count of 15 700 cells/μL, with 38% eosinophils (absolute count, 5950 cells/μL; normal, <350). His platelet countwas 272 000, and his hemoglobin levelwas 14.7 g/dL. A skin punchbiopsy of the rash on the right anklewas performed and results are pending. Quiz at jama.com Figure. Left, Axial computed tomography scan of the chest revealing mild bronchiectasis and ground glass inflammation. Right, Purpuric plaque on the right medial ankle and dorsal foot, with central vesicles.
Geometry of digital spaces

From the Publisher: There are many areas of science and engineering where multi-dimensional discrete data are collected and analyzed, e.g., neuroscience, medical imaging, industrial inspection, geoscience, and fluid dynamics to name a few. In attempting to design and to prove the validity of computational procedures for visualization and analysis of the information in such data, the need for a mathematical theory of surfaces, objects, and their boundaries in discrete spaces is essential. Such a theory - the geometry of digital spaces - is the subject matter of this new book. Self-contained, accessible, and mathematically precise, this book serves as an introduction to this field, providing information that can be used immediately in the discussion of properties of practical algorithms in spaces. The approach used in "Geometry of Digital Spaces" is strongly application oriented. It presents problems of visualization and analysis of multi-dimensional data sets. The primary areas of mathematics used are graph theory and topology. Scientists and professionals from diverse backgrounds will find the discussions clear and accessible because all concepts and methods are carefully introduced, defined, and illustrated with examples.
The influence of intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells on the spectral sensitivity and response dynamics of the human pupillary light reflex

Historically, it was assumed that the light-evoked neural signals driving the human pupillary light reflex (PLR) originated exclusively from rod and cone photoreceptors. However, a novel melanopsin-containing photoreceptive cell class has recently been discovered in the mammalian retina. These intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) project to the pretectum, the retinorecipient area of the brain responsible for the PLR. This study was therefore designed to examine the relative contribution of rod, cone and the melanopsin photoresponses of ipRGCs to the human PLR. We establish that the melanopsin photoresponse of ipRGCs contributes significantly to the maintenance of half maximal pupilloconstriction in response to light stimuli of 30s or longer, even at low photopic irradiances. Furthermore, we show that the melanopsin photoresponse contributes significantly to three-quarter maximal pupilloconstriction in response to light stimuli as short as 2s. We also demonstrate that cone photoresponses driving pupilloconstriction adapt considerably and contribute little after 30s, but rod photoresponses adapt less and contribute significantly to the maintenance of pupilloconstriction in response to steady-state light stimuli at irradiance levels which are below the threshold of the melanopsin photoresponse.
Identification of Bromohydrins in Ozonated Waters

Because ozonation is becoming a popular alternative to chlorination for disinfection of drinking water and little is known about the potential adverse health effects of ozonation disinfection by-products (DBPs), we have sought to identify ozone DBPs, particularly brominated organics, which are of principal concern due to their anticipated toxicity. Using gas chromatography coupled (independently) to low-resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry (LR-EI-MS), high-resolution EI-MS, chemical ionization MS (with 2% ammonia in methane), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, we have identified a series of bromohydrins and related compounds detected in extracts of an ozonated natural water sample that was artificially enhanced with bromide. The bromohydrins, which constituted the majority of by-products in the samples we studied, were detected but could not be identified by GC/LR-EI-MS, the technique used almost exclusively for environmental monitoring. A key to identifying the bromohydrins was the manifestation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the gas-phase IR spectra. Many of the by-products had two chiral centers, and both diastereomers were present and were separated by GC. In most cases, the IR spectra also permitted us to distinguish between diastereomers. We interpreted the IR and EI-MS spectra of several representative compounds in detail, and gave peak assignments for all that were identified. Molecular mechanics calculations and an experimental determination of the enthalpy change for conversion of free and hydrogen-bound conformers for a representative bromohydrin were used to verify the IR interpretations.
Bounds on the speedup and efficiency of partial synchronization in parallel processing systems

In this paper, we derive bounds on the speedup and efficiency of applications that schedule tasks on a set of parallel processors. We assume that the application runs an algorithm that consists of N iterations and before starting its i+1st iteration, a processor must wait for data (i.e., synchronize) calculated in the ith iteration by a subset of the other processors of the system. Processing times and interconnections between iterations are modeled by random variables with possibly deterministic distributions. Scientific applications consisting of iterations of recursive equations are examples of such applications that can be modeled within this formulation. We consider the efficiency of applications and show that, although efficiency decreases with an increase in the number of processors, it has a nonzero limit when the number of processors increases to infinity. We obtain a lower bound for the efficiency by solving an equation that depends on the distribution of task service times and the expected number of tasks needed to be synchronized. We also show that the lower bound is approached if the topology of the processor graph is ldquo;spread-out,” a notion we define in the paper.
The Influential Factors to Achieve High Modulus Fibers and Injection Molded Specimens of Polyarylates

The Influential Factors to Achieve High Modulus Fibers and Injection Molded Specimens of Polyarylates
Cucurbit[6]uril pseudorotaxanes: distinctive gas-phase dissociation and reactivity.

Cucurbit[6]uril forms a doubly charged complex with 1,4-butanediammonium cation that is observed using electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Such 1:1 complexes are not observed for the smaller cucurbit[5]uril, which forms a 2:1 ammonium:cucurbituril complex instead. The 1:1 complex with cucurbit[6]uril is difficult to fragment via collisional activation; when it does fragment, both breakup of the cucurbituril cage and loss of the amine are observed. Further, the complex reacts with tert-butylamine via slow adduction. In contrast, nonrotaxane analogues (such as doubly charged 2:1 complexes of either protonated 1,4-butanediamine or protonated ethylenediamine with cucurbit[6]uril) fragment via easy loss of the intact amine upon collisional activation and react with tert-butylamine via rapid displacement of the original amine. On the basis of stoichiometry, fragmentation behavior, and reactivity, we conclude that the doubly charged complex of cucurbit[6]uril with 1,4-butanediammonium is...
Stacking-velocity inversion with borehole constraints for tilted TI media

Transversely isotropic models with a tilted symmetry axis TTIplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinseismicimaging, especially near salt bodies and in active tectonic areas. Here, we present a 2D parameter-estimation methodology for TTI media based on combining P-wave normal-moveoutNMO velocities, zero-offset traveltimes, and reflection time slopes with borehole data that include check-shot traveltimes as well as the reflector depths and dips. For a dipping TTI layer withthesymmetryaxisconfinedtothedipplaneofthereflector, simultaneous estimation of the symmetry-direction velocityVP0,theanisotropyparameters and,andthetilt of the symmetry axis proves to be ambiguous despite the borehole constraints. If the symmetry axis is orthogonal to the reflector, VP0 and can be recovered with high accuracy, even when the symmetry axis deviates by 5° from the reflector normal.Theparameter,however,cannotbeconstrainedfor dips smaller than 60° without using nonhyperbolic moveout. ToinvertfortheintervalparametersoflayeredTTImedia,we apply 2D stacking-velocity inversion supplemented with the sameboreholeconstraints.Thedipplanesinalllayersareassumed to be aligned, and the symmetry axis is set orthogonal to the reflector in each layer. Information about reflector dips can be replaced with near-offset walkaway vertical seismic profiling VSP traveltimes. Tests on noise-contaminated data demonstrate that the algorithm produces stable estimatesoftheintervalparametersVP0and,iftherangeofdips does not exceed 30°. Our method can be used to build an accurate initialTTI model for post-migration reflection tomography and other techniques that employ migration velocity analysis.
Progression of the zone of injury in experimental nerve in juries

The extent of injury a nerve sustains after different mechanisms of injury is often difficult to determine at the time of injury. This study was designed to define the zone of injury for avulsed and transected nerves in an experimental animal model. We were able to demonstrate a progressive zone of injury in the avulsed nerves which would preclude primary neurorrhaphy while the zone of injury in a transected nerve tended to decrease during the three week period of observation.
Enriching Visual Knowledge Bases via Object Discovery and Segmentation

There have been some recent efforts to build visual knowledge bases from Internet images. But most of these approaches have focused on bounding box representation of objects. In this paper, we propose to enrich these knowledge bases by automatically discovering objects and their segmentations from noisy Internet images. Specifically, our approach combines the power of generative modeling for segmentation with the effectiveness of discriminative models for detection. The key idea behind our approach is to learn and exploit top-down segmentation priors based on visual subcategories. The strong priors learned from these visual subcategories are then combined with discriminatively trained detectors and bottom up cues to produce clean object segmentations. Our experimental results indicate state-of-the-art performance on the difficult dataset introduced by [29] Rubinstein et al. We have integrated our algorithm in NEIL for enriching its knowledge base [5]. As of 14th April 2014, NEIL has automatically generated approximately 500K segmentations using web data.
Thermodynamics of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the checkerboard lattice

Employing numerical linked-cluster expansions (NLCEs) along with exact diagonalizations of finite clusters with periodic boundary condition, we study the energy, specific heat, entropy, and various susceptibilities of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the checkerboard lattice. NLCEs, combined with extrapolation techniques, allow us to access temperatures much lower than those accessible to exact diagonalization and other series expansions. We show that the high-temperature peak in specific heat decreases as the frustration increases, consistent with the large amount of unquenched entropy in the region around maximum classical frustration, where the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor exchange interactions ($J$ and ${J}^{'}$, respectively) have the same strength, and with the formation of a second peak at lower temperatures. The staggered susceptibility shows a change of character when ${J}^{'}$ increases beyond $0.75J$, implying the disappearance of the antiferromagnetic order at low temperatures. For ${J}^{'}=4J$, in the limit of weakly coupled crossed chains, we find large susceptibilities for stripe and N\'eel order with $\mathbf{Q}=(\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ensuremath{\pi}/2)$ at intermediate temperatures. Other magnetic and bond orderings, such as a plaquette valence-bond solid and a crossed-dimer order suggested by previous studies, are also investigated.
CO2-inhibited neurons in the medullary raphe are GABAergic.

Previous studies have reported subsets of medullary raphe neurons that are either stimulated or inhibited by CO2/pH in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that medullary raphe CO2-inhibited neurons are GABAergic. Extracellular recordings in unanesthetized juvenile in situ rat preparations showed reversible hypercapnia-induced suppression of 19% (63/323) of medullary raphe neurons, and this suppression persisted after antagonism of NMDA, AMPA/kainate, and GABAA receptors. We stained a subset of CO2-inhibited cells and found that most (11/12) had glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 immunoreactivity (GAD67-ir). These data indicate that the majority of acidosis-inhibited medullary raphe neurons are GABAergic, and that their chemosensitivity is independent of major fast synaptic inputs. Thus, CO2-sensitive GABAergic neurons may play a role in central CO2/pH chemoreception.
Production and characterization of HCV particles from serum-free culture.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver cancer, and it is therefore important to develop a prophylactic strategy for HCV infection. In recent years, a system for cell culture of the infectious HCV particle has been established, and the inactivated particle has potential as an antigen for vaccine development. In this study, we aimed to establish highly efficient HCV particle purification procedures using the following serum-free culture of HCV particles. First, naive human hepatoma Huh7 cells were grown in serum-free medium that was supplemented with human-derived insulin, transferrin and sodium selenite. Then, in vitro transcribed JFH-1 or J6/JFH-1 chimeric HCV-RNA was transfected into the serum-free conditioned Huh7 cells. Infectious HCV was secreted into the culture supernatant with the same efficiency as that from cells cultured in FBS-containing medium. The HCV-core protein and RNA continued to be detected in the culture supernatant when the infected cells were subcultured in serum-free medium. Sucrose gradient centrifugation analyses indicated that the profiles of HCV-core, HCV-RNA and the infectivity of HCV particles were almost identical between HCV from FBS-supplemented and serum-free cultures. We further determined that anti-CD81, anti-SR-BI and anti-E2 antibodies inhibited infection by serum-free cultured HCV to a greater extent than infection by HCV from FBS-supplemented cultures. These HCV particles also differed in the level of associated apoplipoproteins: the ApoE level was lower in serum-free cultured HCV. ApoB and ApoE antibody-depletion assays suggested that infection of serum-free cultured HCV was independent of ApoB and ApoE proteins. These data suggest that lipids conjugated with HCV affect infection and neutralization.
Positronium Molecule Formation on Al (111)a

A single crystal Al (111) sample cleaned by repeated cycles of ion bombardment and annealing was irradiated by a subnanosecond high density positron beam [1] and the resulting positronium lifetime spectra were measured using single shot positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (SSPALS) [2]. We observed the amount of positronium emitted dependence on the incident positron beam density, which indicates the formation of positronium molecules (Ps2) at the Al (111) surface [3]. The Ps2 formation probability appears to be extremely sensitive to surface contamination and further experiments under improved vacuum conditions are planned to clarify this effect.
Areas of Marital Dissatisfaction among Long-Term Couples.

To better understand relational dissatisfaction and duration of long-term married couples, this study surveyed 30 couples married at least 40 years with the Marital Satisfaction Inventory. Findings suggest various areas of dissatisfaction (e.g., affective communication, conflict over child rearing) and relationship among and link to other areas of dissatisfaction (e.g., finances, sex).
Ethics of Critically Ill Patients: An Islamic Viewpoint

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/15-4-12432 No abstract available. Presented as the Al-Razi Memorial lecture at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Islamic Medical As.5ociation of North America in Chicago, Illinois, on September 4, 1983
Scheduling jobs on identical parallel machines with unequal future ready time and sequence dependent setup: An experimental study

Abstract This paper studies the performances of Apparent Tardiness Cost based (ATC-based) dispatching rules in minimizing the total weighted tardiness on identical parallel machines with unequal future ready time and sequence dependent setup. In experiments, the sequence dependent setup is divided into two categories: the continuous sequence dependent setup (sij,con) and the separable sequence dependent setup (sij,sep). The former needs the presence of parts to setup on the machine, while the latter does not need it and allows machine to be idle between the setup and the processing of the part. Experiments show that Modified Apparent Tardiness Cost with Setup and Ready time (MATCSR) and Apparent Tardiness Cost with Separable Setup and Ready time (ATCSSR) outperform other existing ATC-based rules in reducing the total weighted tardiness for problems (Pm|rj,sij,con|∑wjTj and Pm|rj,sij,sep|∑wjTj) where the sequence dependent setups are continuous and separable, respectively.
Enriching software engineering courses with service-learning projects and the open-source approach

Real-world software engineers deal with complex problem. Yet many software engineering courses do not involve projects of enough complexity to give students such experience. We sense that service-learning projects, while difficult to manage and sustain, can serve a crucial role in this regard. Through trials in a senior-level software engineering course, we discovered that the open-source approach works well to enable students to work on large, multiple-term service-learning projects. We developed GROw, a cross-term, cross-team educational software process to meet the challenges of adopting complex, real-world projects in one-term courses, and to sustain service learning.
Biased gradient squared descent saddle point finding method

The harmonic approximation to transition state theory simplifies the problem of calculating a chemical reaction rate to identifying relevant low energy saddle points in a chemical system. Here, we present a saddle point finding method which does not require knowledge of specific product states. In the method, the potential energy landscape is transformed into the square of the gradient, which converts all critical points of the original potential energy surface into global minima. A biasing term is added to the gradient squared landscape to stabilize the low energy saddle points near a minimum of interest, and destabilize other critical points. We demonstrate that this method is competitive with the dimer min-mode following method in terms of the number of force evaluations required to find a set of low-energy saddle points around a reactant minimum.
Clinical effect of aminoglutethimide, medical adrenalectomy, in treatment of 43 patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma

The initial treatment of patients with Stage D prostatic carcinoma with orchiectomy or estrogens is successful in giving objective and subjective improvement for variable periods of time. However, after initial endocrine treatment patients generally relapse, and go on to further progression of their disease. However, a subgroup of approximately 22% of these Stage D prostatic cancer patients respond to either surgical adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy, indicating some degree of continued hormonal responsiveness. Forty-three previously castrated patients with Stage D prostatic carcinoma were treated with 1000 mg of aminoglutethimide and 40 mg of hydrocortisone daily and have been evaluated using the criteria of the National Prostatic Cancer Project. Progression of disease after initial hormonal therapy has varied from 3 to 25 months. One patient has had a complete response, and continues in remission after 290 weeks of therapy. Partial objective responses have been observed in 6 patients, and 10 patients have remained objectively stable for an average of 35 weeks in this latter group.
Predicting the mean Bz magnitude, revisited

[1] Keating et al. [2001] showed that a boxcar average of the Bz magnitude varied in a cyclic pattern with an approximate correlation to the solar sunspot cycle. They then proposed that the McNish-Lincoln technique, used to forecast sunspot numbers, could also be used to make a forecast of future activity of the mean Bz magnitude. Using this method, they made predictions concerning future mean Bz activity. In this paper, we wish to reexamine these predictions and compare them to actual events. There was a problem with the data in the first paper that we have corrected. We will show that even with this error the observations and premises of the first paper are correct. Applying the McNish-Lincoln technique to the current data indicates the average magnitude of Bz will decline over the next few years as the current solar cycle goes through its declining phase. These results will aid us in anticipating the average interplanetary magnetic field activity over the near-term and assist in making appropriate long-term decisions concerning systems that are vulnerable to solar storms.
ULCERATIVE COLITIS DISGUISED AS MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

1. An unusual case of ulcerative colitis which was mistaken for multiple myeloma has been presented. 2. This is believed to be the first fully documented case of secondary bone marrow plasmacytosis associated with ulcerative colitis yet reported. 3. The significance was discussed of the bone marrow findings and other pertinent clinical and laboratory features of this case in the differentiation of multiple myeloma from secondary plasmacytosis. 4. An analysis of conditions previously associated with secondary plasmacytosis yielded a pattern of interrelationships relevant to current pathogenetic concept of ulcerative colitis. 5. The concept is advanced that the finding of plasmacytosis in a case of ulcerative colitis may not be a coincidence. Rather, it may be interpreted as another bit of evidence that the colonic lesion of ulcerative colitis is simply the principal local expression of a systemic disease process which can affect other organs by a common, perhaps an immune, mechanism.
Hybrid simulations of plasma transport by Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause: Density variations and magnetic shear

[1] Two-dimensional hybrid (kinetic ions and massless fluid electrons) simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) for a magnetopause configuration with a varying density jump and magnetic shear across the boundary are carried out to examine how the transport of magnetosheath plasma into the magnetosphere is affected by these conditions. Low magnetic shear conditions where the magnetosheath magnetic field is within 30° of northward is included in the simulations because KHI is thought to be important for plasma transport only for northward or near-northward interplanetary magnetic field orientations. The simulations show that coherent vortices can grow for these near-northward angles and that they are sometimes more coherent than for pure northward conditions because the turbulence which breaks down these vortices is reduced when there are magnetic tension forces. With increasing magnetic shear angle and increasing density jump, the growth rate is reduced, and the vortices do not grow to as large of a size, which reduces the plasma transport. By tracking the individual particle motions, diffusion coefficients can be obtained for the system, where the diffusion is not classical in nature but instead has a time dependence resulting from both the increasingly large-scale vortex motion and the small-scale turbulence generated in the breakdown of the instabilities. Results indicate that diffusion on the order of 10 9 m 2 /s could possibly be generated by KHI on the flanks of the magnetosphere.
Gambling and speculation

This paper deals with an important policy issue concerning an individual's economic freedom and social justice. The issue to be studied is related to gambling and speculative business activities. It is argued that since certain "speculative business" prac tices such as futures trading, speculative practices in the stock market, etc., resemble gambling, they should be classified as a form of public gambling and abolished completely, or else, as a matter of social justice, all public gambling should be legalized so that those individuals not having access to the 'speculative' market could participate in public gambling also. The following discussion focuses primarily on public gambling, although the arguments presented apply to private gambling as well. Private gambling, as distinguished from public gambling, lacks an entrepreneur, a formal organization, free market (competition among rival entrepreneurs), mass par ticipation and large rewards. The above policy issue rests on two key assump tions. First, it is assumed that "speculative business" practices and gambling are similar in 'nature' and, therefore, can be treated as the same thing. Second, there is the notion that gambling is socially undesir able and/or immoral; otherwise there would be no legal or religious sanctions against it. It becomes
Transitioning online: cosmetic surgery tourism in Thailand.

In the past decade, the websites of Thai tourist agencies have expanded their offerings to include medical tourism, and medical tourism online has experienced dramatic changes in packaging and mark...
The relationship between earthquake swarms and magma transport: Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

A detailed investigation of earthquake locations and focal mechanisms for swarms associated with intrusive events at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, further illuminates the relationships among stress state, faulting, and magma transport. We determine the earthquake locations and mechanisms using a three-dimensional crustal model to improve their accuracy and consistency. Swarms in Kilauea's upper east and southwest rift zones, from the years 1980 through 1982, provide clear evidence for the propagation and/or dilation of dikes. Focal mechanisms are predominantly strike-slip, and the faulting and inferred dike orientations can be interpreted quite consistently in terms of the model ofHill (1977). Stresses induced by the summit magma reservoir system strongly control faulting and magma transport in the rift zones close to the summit.
Recovery and recrystallization of vanadium alloys

Abstract A vanadium alloy containing 4 wt% Cr and 4 wt% Ti has been identified as a promising candidate structural alloy for liquid metal-cooled blankets in fusion power reactors. Studies of recovery, recrystallization and precipitation kinetics are in progress to provide the metallurgical basis for the development of improved properties. Recovery and recrystallization behavior has been examined using conventional slow heating/cooling cycles, rapid heating and quenching, and differential scanning calorimetry. The reduction in hardness is a two-stage process with the first stage associated with recovery due to cell formation and annihilation of dislocations, and the second stage involving the growth of recrystallization nuclei. This is consistent with the results of the differential scanning calorimetry which exhibit a broad exothermic peak at low temperature range due to recovery followed by a sharp exotherm associated with recrystallization.
Inter- and intramolecular interactions of α-lactalbumin VIII. The alkaline conformational change

Abstract 1. 1.|Previous investigations have shown that α-lactalbumin undergoes a structural change at acid pH which involves molecular swelling, alteration of the environment of tryptophan residues and increased susceptibility to association and aggregation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a comparable molecular change could be induced in α-lactalbumin at alkaline pH values. 2. 2.|Ultracentrifuge measurements demonstrated that α-lactalbumin exists in a somewhat expanded state above pH 9.5, although the degree of expansion is somewhat less than that observed at low pH. The reversible time-dependent aggregation seen at low pH, however, is absent. Association to low molecular weight species was demonstrated as occurring above pH 9.5. 3. 3.|Measurement of ultraviolet difference spectra showed that a tryptophan blue shift underlies the usual tyrosine ionization red shift above pH 10. The emission maximum for tryptophan fluorescence shifted by about 10 mμ toward the red above pH 10 and an apparent increase in quantum yield was observed, reflected as an absence of alkaline quenching. These spectral changes are comparable to those observed during the acid transition. 4. 4.|The absence of a time-dependent aggregation, at alkaline pH, as well as a comparison of the quantitative aspects of the acid and alkaline conformational changes, leads to the conclusion that although association and aggregation result from structural changes, the molecular sites for these processes are not identical.
Fetal nucleated erythrocyte recovery: Fluorescence activated cell sorting‐based positive selection using anti‐gamma globin versus magnetic activated cell sorting using anti‐CD45 depletion and anti‐gamma globin positive selection

BACKGROUND Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)-based anti-gamma (γ) positive selection and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-based anti-CD45 depletion followed by anti-γ positive staining have been two of the most frequently used methods to isolate fetal cells from maternal blood. To date, there has been no direct comparison of fetal cell recovery by these two methods. This study was designed to address this issue. METHODS Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on nucleated anti-γ positive cells using X and Y probes. Twenty-four maternal blood samples were obtained immediately after elective termination of pregnancy to ensure a detectable number of fetal cells. RESULTS The yield and purity of fetal nucleated erythrocytes (FNRBCs) was statistically higher in FACS sorted samples (P < 0.01). The specificity of staining for FNRBCs was statistically higher in MACS sorted samples (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The data from this study demonstrate that both techniques have benefits and limitations. FACS has the advantage of having higher yield, higher purity, higher FISH efficiency and ease in microscope analysis, and MACS has the advantage of having higher specificity and less cell loss during FISH. Cytometry 39:224–230, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of Liver Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation With Left Ventricular Assist Device Explantation: Comparative Analysis Using the MELD Excluding INR (MELD-XI) Scoring System

Purpose: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major factor limiting survival after heart transplant. CAV may present as small vessel or microvascular disease, which is correlated with reduced coronary flow reserve (CFR). CFR is commonly performed through intracoronary flow wire. Recently, rubidium positron emission tomography (PET) scanning has become a reliable test to demonstrate CFR. We reviewed patients with low CFR (CFR< 2) and assessed them for cardiac dysfunction as defined by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), increased left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and left ventricular enlargement. Methods: We assessed 36 patients transplanted between 1994 and 2013 and who underwent routine rubidium PET scanning between 2011 and 2014 at their annual visit. Patients with established coronary disease were excluded. CFR was determined by rubidium PET scanning. Additional concomitant information of LVEF at rest and post stress, LVEDVI at rest and post-stress, and left ventricular enlargement was recorded. Results: 9 patients had a low CFR. The low CFR group had significantly decreased LVEF post-stress and a trend towards decreased LVEF at rest. The low CFR group also had significantly higher LVEDVI at rest and post-stress. A significantly larger percentage of patients had left ventricular enlargement in the low CFR group (see table). Conclusion: Low CFR is associated with cardiac dysfunction which may be due to small vessel coronary disease in the absence of epicardial CAV. Rubidium PET may have a role in determining small vessel disease in heart transplant patients.
The relationship between strain energy, rock damage, fragmentation, and throw in rock blasting

Abstract Design of cast blasting rounds and optimization of the blasting process has taken on a new and much greater importance with the emergence of overburden casting operations involving thousands of tons of explosives in each blast. This paper addresses the fundamentals of blast design and optimization for explosive fragmentation and casting. It indicates that one key variable—the strain energy set up in the rock mass by the blast vibration—can be used to predict the extent of damage done to the remaining rock mass, the degree of fragmentation of the rock broken loose, and the velocity of the broken rock. It also shows how the dynamic strength of the rock mass, the fracture energy of its joints, and the geometry of the blast influence the fragment size distribution and the velocity of the broken rock. The dynamic tensile strength of the rock mass and its joints and weak planes may be measured in a new type of impact experiments. Preliminary results of such strength measurements in one type of sandston...
Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections: Prevention and Management

Approximately 80,000 central venous line-associated bloodstream infections (CLA-BSI) occur in the United States each year. CLA-BSI is most commonly caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp, and aerobic gram-negative bacilli. These organisms commonly gain entrance in into the bloodstream via the catheter-skin interface (insertion site) or via the catheter hub. Use of strict aseptic technique for insertion is the key method for the prevention of CLA-BSI. Various methods can be used to reduce unacceptably high rates of CLA-BSI, including use of an antiseptic- or antibiotic-impregnated catheter, daily chlorhexidine baths/washes, and placement of a chlorhexidine-impregnated sponge over the insertion site.
Anteroventral third ventricle site of action for angiotensin induced thirst.

Abstract The central site of action for angiotensin induced thirst was investigated in rats. Subfornical organ lesions resulted in a temporary abolition of drinking induced by lateral preoptic or lateral ventricle microinjections of angiotensin but drinking to anteroventral third ventricle microinjections of angiotensin (or carbachol) was unaffected. Drinking to elevated systematic levels of angiotensin was attenuated but not abolished by subfornical organ lesions. When spread of injected angiotensin via cerebrospinal fluid circulation was controlled by placing plugs at selected locations in the ventricles, drinking was elicited only when intracranial microinjections of angiotensin gained access to anteroventral third ventricle. It was concluded that subfornical organ is not the exclusive dipsogenic receptor for angiotensin, rather angiotensin exerts at least part of its dipsogenic effect by spread through the ventricular system to receptors in the vicinity of the anteroventral third ventricle.
Response of plastic scintillation counters to relativistic heavy ions

Abstract The pulse height spectra produced by relativistic heavy ions of charges 1, 2, and 3 in plastic scintillation counters are presented. The response of the counters is nonlinear with the energy loss of the incident ions. The shapes of the spectra are compared with theoretical distributions calculated from the theories of Symon and Vavilov.