cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prescribing isotretinoin for transgender youth: A pledge for more inclusive care

As the transgender community has become increasingly visible in public life, a greater awareness of this group's unique health needs and obstacles to optimal medical care has developed. Unfortunately, transgender youth face multiple barriers within the health care system, including access to equitable and gender-affirming care. As dermatologists who care for children and adolescents, we must be aware of the challenges facing transgender youth and work to correct the disparities that exist for this vulnerable group. An initial step in supporting our transgender patients is to advocate for changes to the iPLEDGE system for prescribing isotretinoin (and other Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy systems), specifically requesting a change to its gender-binary categorization model that compromises an individual's right to self-identify. By promoting a gender-neutral patient categorization that is based instead upon reproductive potential, a simple change to the iPLEDGE program allows us to safely treat all of our patients requiring isotretinoin, while preserving our transgender patients' rights to self-determination and self-identification.
Depression and risky alcohol use: an examination of the role of difficulties regulating positive emotions in trauma-exposed individuals

Background: The co-occurrence of depression and risky alcohol use is clinically relevant given their high rates of comorbidity and reciprocal negative impact on outcomes. Emotion dysregulation is o...
Transitional Shear Layers on Rectangular Sections

The present work implements 2D Particle Image Velocimetry measurements in an effort to study the transition process of the separated shear layer on rectangular sections. Inspection of the average and fluctuating vector fields enable quantitative definitions of important length scales such as transition lengths and reattachment lengths. The effect of free stream Reynolds number is examined in detail which, among other points, show clear trends of increasingly rapid transitions lengths over the wind speeds investigated. Additionally, transitional shear layer dynamics are discussed for sections exposed to inclined winds. It is shown that under small angles of attack, relatively large changes in shear layer trajectory result in significant alterations to the global loads felt by the body.
Identifying and Supporting Black Male Students in Advanced Mathematics Courses Throughout the K-12 Pipeline:

Black male students are underrepresented in advanced mathematics programs and courses. White adults and students are the primary beneficiaries of these specialized mathematics options, thereby maki...
Big Data Analysis for Sustainable Agriculture on a Geospatial Cloud Framework

The grand challenge confronting agriculture is the development of technologies for sustainable intensification of crop production systems to feed the estimated future human population of 9 to 10 billion. It is thought that crop production must be increased by 60 to 100% by the year 2050 to meet these nutritional needs. Crop production systems that yield more food of higher nutritional content are needed that at the same time have a diminished impact on the environment. Prior agricultural intensification was through substantial use of fertilizer, pesticides, and irrigation all at significant environmental cost. As a part of Sustainable Agriculture, next-generation, on cropping systems that couple biologically based technologies (plant-beneficial microbes, cover crops) and precision agriculture need to be developed to decrease fertilizer, pesticide, and water inputs. Over the past two decades, Information Technology has been the disruptive force in industries by driving out market inefficiencies through automation and better decision support tools that require the inclusion of both the citizens and consumers in the process. Like all industries, Agriculture has not been immune to the constant disruptions over the past century. However, recent advances in the computing infrastructure, sensor technology, big data and advanced algorithms ( suggest that a major disruption or paradigm shift is on the horizon, leading to opportunities for sustainable agriculture entering the mainstream. Specifically, solutions based on these new technologies will be needed for mass transfer of genomic and other genetic data for development of these advanced crop cultivars, and for the management of agronomic data for the development of these next-generation production systems. Geospatial solutions based on imagery, IoT, AI, mobile data collection, etc. will be critical for the operation of precision agriculture systems where intelligent application of resource inputs are applied at precise geo-specific field locations based on crop need. Finally, solutions will be needed to allow immediate feedback from digital farm communities regarding the performance of these new cropping systems; speeding their development. Here we describe a “system of systems” approach to building a scientific network that integrates the scientific and farming communities, based on a Geoinformatics cloud framework.
Violence And The US Health Care Sector: Burden And Response.

Violence has significant impacts on the US health care sector, which include the need to care for injured victims and prevent violence to its physicians and employees, as well as the surrounding co...
Improving the Hepatitis B Birth-dose Vaccination Rate in the Newborn Nursery

Background: Hepatitis B can result in both acute and chronic infection in infants and children. Various medical guidelines recommend administration of a birth-dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of delivery. When administered within 12 hours of birth and in conjunction with hepatitis B immune globulin, the hepatitis B vaccine has demonstrated to prevent vertical transmission of the hepatitis B virus in 85-95% of neonates. Local Problem: Using the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) model, a quality improvement project was designed to increase compliance with the current hepatitis …
Does the severity of a client’s negative environmental, social and governance reputation affect audit effort and audit quality?

Abstract In recent years, investors have begun to value companies’ reputations through their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. ESG risk can affect business processes and controls and can heighten financial risk and threaten a firm’s survival. This study examines whether and how the severity of media coverage of a firm’s negative ESG issues (tainted ESG reputation) is associated with audit effort and audit quality. I find that auditors manage the higher expected engagement risk conveyed by tainted ESG reputation by applying higher audit effort. Next, I observe that the increased effort is associated with auditors likely detecting and requiring adjustments for material misstatements and that tainted ESG reputation is associated with fewer misstatements (i.e., reduces poor audit quality). The association between tainted ESG reputation and audit quality is driven primarily by increased audit report lag, not by increased audit fees. Further, I find that tainted ESG reputation is positively associated with audit effort and reduces poor audit quality for up to three years. The results also show that the audit effort and audit quality effect vary across the three components of ESG.
In what Sense do Systems Exist

Naive realists suppose that the world presents as it is, carved up into items and properties completely independent of human-kind. The problem with this is that many of the apparent properties—like that of being a pendulum, for instance—have a highly theoretical and intellectual content provided by humans. In contrast, naive idealists suppose that we individually or collectively, perhaps with the help of a God or Gods, construct the external world out of our ideas or perceptions. The problem here lies with there being too much of an intellectual contribution from us (or the Gods). We simply cannot wish things into existence, nor give them, by mere desire, the properties that we would like. We are just part of the natural world, not the creators of it.
Wing modification for increased spin resistance

A simple wing leading-edge modification has been developed that delays outer wing panel stall, thus maintaining roll damping to higher angles of attack and delaying the onset of autorotation. The stall angle of attack of the outer wing panel has been shown to be a function of the spanwise length of the leading-edge modification. The margin of spin resistance provided by the modification is being explored through flight tests. Preliminary results have been used to evaluate spin resistance in terms of the difference in angle of attack between outer wing panel stall and the maximum attainable angle of attack.
Outcomes in adults with systolic blood pressure between 130 and 139 mmHg in Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure trial and Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial.

BACKGROUND Patients with stage 1 systolic hypertension have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. METHODS Using Cox models, we assess the effect of targeting an intensive SBP goal of less than 120 mmHg compared with standard SBP goal of less than 140 mmHg on the risk of CVD events in adults with stage 1 systolic hypertension with diabetes mellitus enrolled in Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure trial (ACCORD BP) (n = 1901) and without diabetes mellitus enrolled in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) (n = 3484) that used identical SBP goal interventions. OUTCOMES In ACCORD BP, the primary composite CVD outcome was the first occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CVD mortality. In SPRINT, the primary composite CVD outcome was the first occurrence of myocardial infarction, other acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, or CVD mortality. RESULTS In SPRINT, targeting an intensive SBP goal significantly reduced the risk of the primary CVD outcome [hazard ratio 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.98); events 1.78 vs. 2.37%/year]. In ACCORD BP, the relationships of SBP goal with the primary CVD outcome was modified by the glycemia goal intervention (interaction P = 0.039). In the standard glycemia subgroup (A1c target 7-7.9%), intensive SBP goal significantly reduced the risk of the primary CVD outcome [hazard ratio 0.61 (0.40-0.94); events 1.63 vs. 2.56%/year]. In the intensive glycemia subgroup (A1c target <6%), the risk of the primary CVD outcome was not significantly different between groups [hazard ratio 1.20 (0.76-1.89); events 1.91 vs. 1.60%/year]. CONCLUSION Targeting an intensive SBP goal significantly reduced the risk of CVD events in patients with stage 1 systolic hypertension without diabetes and with diabetes on standard glycemia goal.
Fatigue in patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies

Objective Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsies (HNPP) is caused by a heterozygous deletion of peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) gene resulting in focal sensorimotor deficits. Our lab has identified a disruption of myelin junctions in excessively permeable myelin that impairs action potential propagation. This mechanism is expected to cause fatigue in patients with HNPP. Therefore, the objective was to characterize fatigue in patients with HNPP and determine the relationship of fatigue to nerve pathology, disability, and quality of life. Methods Nine females with HNPP participated in a single visit that included genotyping, nerve conduction studies, neurological exam, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, and a physical therapy exam incorporating upper and lower extremity function and survey measures of fatigue. This visit was followed by 2 weeks of ecological momentary assessment (wrist-worn device) that captured fatigue ratings five times per day. Results Participants demonstrated mild neurological impairment (CMTNS: 5.7 ± 2.8), yet reported high fatigue levels (average fatigue intensity over 2 weeks: 5.9 out of 10). Higher fatigue levels were associated with poorer quality of life and more pain. Higher fatigue was associated with significantly greater distal nerve proton density changes on peripheral nerve MRI, which is in line with hyper-permeable myelin in HNPP. Interpretation Fatigue is common and severe among patients with HNPP whose disabilities are minimal by conventional outcome measures. Therapeutic interventions targeting fatigue have the potential to improve quality of life and may serve as a robust outcome measure to show longitudinal changes for patients with HNPP.
Thyroxine binding to type III iodothyronine deiodinase

Iodothyronine deiodinases (Dios) are important selenoproteins that control the concentration of the active thyroid hormone (TH) triiodothyronine through regioselective deiodination. The X-ray structure of a truncated monomer of Type III Dio (Dio3), which deiodinates TH inner rings through a selenocysteine (Sec) residue, revealed a thioredoxin-fold catalytic domain supplemented with an unstructured Ω-loop. Loop dynamics are driven by interactions of the conserved Trp207 with solvent in multi-microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of the Dio3 thioredoxin(Trx)-fold domain. Hydrogen bonding interactions of Glu200 with residues conserved across the Dio family anchor the loop’s N-terminus to the active site Ser-Cys-Thr-Sec sequence. A key long-lived loop conformation coincides with the opening of a cryptic pocket that accommodates thyroxine (T4) through an I⋯Se halogen bond to Sec170 and the amino acid group with a polar cleft. The Dio3-T4 complex is stabilized by an I⋯O halogen bond between an outer ring iodine and Asp211, consistent with Dio3 selectivity for inner ring deiodination. Non-conservation of residues, such as Asp211, in other Dio types in the flexible portion of the loop sequence suggests a mechanism for regioselectivity through Dio type-specific loop conformations. Cys168 is proposed to attack the selenenyl iodide intermediate to regenerate Dio3 based upon structural comparison with related Trx-fold proteins.
Neurovascular anatomy: Spine

The arterial supply of the spinal cord is provided by the spinal branch of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar intersegmental arteries. While supply is initially provided at each embryonic segment, only a few prominent anterior radiculomedullary arteries remain at the adult stage, including the arteries of the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements as well as a constant upper thoracic contributor. The spinal cord is surrounded by the vasocorona, an arterial network that includes several longitudinal anastomotic chains, notably the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, which respectively supply the central and peripheral components of the intrinsic vascularization. The intrinsic venous circulation is also divided into central and peripheral components. The perimedullary venous system includes several longitudinal anastomotic chains interconnected by the coronary plexus. The radiculomedullary veins loosely follow the spinal nerve roots on their way to the epidural plexus. Their point of passage through the thecal sac forms an important valve-like structure, the antireflux mechanism.
Comunidade Formativa do Estoril: uma comunidade de prática centrada no internato médico e orientada para o futuro

Introducao : Uma comunidade de pratica consiste num grupo de pessoas que se unem em torno de um mesmo topico ou interesse, trabalhando em conjunto para melhorar o que fazem atraves de interacoes regulares. A Comunidade Formativa do Estoril reune o grupo de orientadores e internos de medicina geral e familiar e saude publica da zona do Estoril, com o objetivo de alargar o seu leque de experiencias e vivencias, espelhando os principios de uma comunidade de pratica. Este artigo relata a experiencia desta Comunidade e tem como principal objetivo dar a conhecer as suas praticas, incentivar a partilha de experiencias entre grupos e inspirar a formacao de novas comunidades. Descricao : A Comunidade Formativa do Estoril nasceu no ano de 2015, composta pelos internos e orientadores de formacao especifica em medicina geral e familiar e de saude publica de quatro das unidades funcionais do edificio de Sao Joao do Estoril do Agrupamento de Centros de Saude (ACeS) de Cascais. Desde a criacao da Comunidade , tem vindo a ser desenvolvidas varias atividades, como reunioes periodicas, elaboracao do jornal e das I Jornadas da Comunidade Formativa do Estoril, entre outras. Conclusao : A Comunidade Formativa representa uma mais-valia para orientadores e internos, numa interacao em que o todo e mais vasto do que a soma das partes. No caso da Comunidade Formativa do Estoril a proximidade originada pelo trabalho no mesmo edificio permitiu aos seus membros gerar este projeto, numa atmosfera colaborativa e de interajuda – uma comunidade frutifera, permeavel ao que a rodeia e tendo sempre presente o desejo e a capacidade para evoluir atraves do contributo de cada novo membro e das interacoes que dai se criam.
Advances in management of nonendometrioid endometrial carcinoma, with an emphasis on the sentinel lymph node technique

PURPOSE OF REVIEW During the last few years there have been important advances in our understanding of endometrial cancer biology, staging, and therapy. In this article, we discuss updates and controversies in the treatment of nonendometrioid endometrial carcinoma (non-EEC), with an emphasis on the role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. RECENT FINDINGS Lymph node involvement is an important factor in determining prognosis and guiding adjuvant therapy in endometrial carcinoma. SLN biopsy has emerged as a less morbid alternative to lymphadenectomy in surgical staging, and it has generally gained acceptance in the setting of low-grade endometrial carcinoma; however, its role in the setting of high-grade disease remains a topic of debate. Several prospective studies have demonstrated the accuracy of SLN biopsy in detecting nodal metastasis in high-grade endometrial carcinoma. Retrospective series have compared oncologic outcomes of patients with high-grade disease, surgically staged by SLN biopsy, to those staged with lymphadenectomy, and have reported similar survival outcomes. Prospective data on survival is lacking. SUMMARY Currently, there is sufficient data to support the diagnostic accuracy of SLN biopsy in the surgical staging of non-EEC. The retrospective evidence demonstrates similar survival for SLN biopsy versus lymphadenectomy.
Five-Level T-type Converter Based Fault-Tolerant Isolated Dc-Dc Topology Using WBG Devices

In this paper, a bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter is proposed for MVDC applications. In this topology, a modified T-type converter producing a 5-level voltage waveform is used on both sides of a high frequency transformer. The operations of the proposed converter and switching strategies in normal and faulty conditions are investigated in detail. A cost function is used to minimize the overall losses of the converter. The proposed converter has advantages of better fault-tolerance and higher efficiency compared to common dual active bridge dc-dc converters. The operation of the proposed structure is verified by experimental results.
Small — Angle Scattering from Complex Fluids

Complex fluids have structures on length scales from tens to thousands of Angstroms. Such fluids contain either distinct colloidal particles (or self-assembled structures), or sample-spanning connected domains. In either case, their scattering spectra can be analyzed to give important information. If particles or disconnected structures are present, both inter- and intra-particle scattering contribute to the measured small-angle scattering spectra. Using the concept of a colloidal macrofluid enables the use of statistical thermodynamic theories to calculate the important effects of interparticle interactions on the scattering spectra. Methods for the analysis of such spectra are reviewed. If the fluid structures are connected, more general treatments of the data based on the density autocorrelation function are appropriate, and such approaches are also summarized.
Nietzsche's aesthetic critique of Darwin.

Despite his position as one of the first philosophers to write in the ‘post-Darwinian’ world, the critique of Darwin by Friedrich Nietzsche is often ignored, for a host of unsatisfactory reasons. I argue that Nietzsche’s critique of Darwin is important to the study of both Nietzsche’s and Darwin’s impact on philosophy. Further, I show that the central claims of Nietzsche’s critique have been broadly misunderstood. I then present a new reading of Nietzsche’s core criticism of Darwin. An important part of Nietzsche’s response can best be understood as an aesthetic critique of Darwin, reacting to what he saw as Darwin’s having drained life of an essential component of objective aesthetic value. For Nietzsche, Darwin’s theory is false because it is too intellectual, because it searches for rules, regulations, and uniformity in a realm where none of these are to be found – and, moreover, where they should not be found. Such a reading goes farthest toward making Nietzsche’s criticism substantive and relevant. Finally, I attempt to relate this novel explanation of Nietzsche’s critique to topics in contemporary philosophy of biology, particularly work on the evolutionary explanation of culture.
Comparative study of new on-board power generation technologies for automotive applications

The increasing use of electrical and electronic features to improve vehicle performance, fuel economy, emissions, passenger comfort, safety, and convenience has resulted in the growth of electrical loads in the vehicle. In order to meet these electrical load demands and also to meet the requirement of power generation when the engine is off, several technologies are on the horizon for on-board power generation in the vehicles. In this paper, new onboard power generation technologies based on the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, Thermo-photovoltaic (TPV) system, and Diamond or Carbon Nanostructures are compared in terms power density, cost, and long term feasibility for automotive applications.
The Radio-Emitting Wind, Jet, and Nebular Shell of AG Pegasi

VLA observations of the radio-emitting symbiotic star AG Peg show that the radio source, which has been interpreted previously as an expanding stellar wind, is primarily (80%) a resolved nebular sphere 1.5″ (=1.3 × 1016 cm) in diameter that has had an average expansion velocity of 15 km/sec since about 1850 when ejection began. The rest of the radio emission comes from the combination of an unresolved point source with a spectral index of 1.2 and a jet-like feature extending from the point source to the nebular shell.
DISABILITIES AND THE WORKPLACE: EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES PERCEPTIONS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 Prohibits discrimination against qualified job applicants and employees with disabilities. This article reports on a study of the perceptions of college students with disabilities of employment opportunities and concerns about the workplace as they prepare for employment with their college education credentials. The study found that they perceive less opportunities and more discrimination than others. Optimism about the effectiveness of the ADA to combat discrimination was found to be insufficient. Also, acceptance by supervisors was found to be less than by co-workers and individualized performance evaluation criteria was preferred. Furthermore, self-doubt was found along with time management and worries about health as personal concerns. Implications and challenges are integrated in the discussions.
A Novel and Fast Numerical Technique for Large-Scale Electromagnetic Imaging Systems

The safety of complex engineered systems and critical infrastructures are important to ensure society's industrial and economic prosperity, advances in complex systems computation and modeling is always greatly desired. Challenges still remain in applications such as large-scale sensing and monitoring of those systems to ensure the structural heath. This paper proposed a novel and fast imaging and modeling mechanism using an optimized fast multipole method with accelerated Cartesian expansion that can significantly reduce the electromagnetic (EM) field calculation, data acquisition and analysis time. Two examples were discussed including defect sensing and a rigorous derivation of error bound in EM imaging. New formulations to simplify the Green's function, the Generalized Maxwell Expansion were also introduced and implemented.
BIOMASS AND NPP ESTIMATION FOR THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION (USA) USING PLOT-LEVEL FOREST INVENTORY DATA

As interest grows in quantification of global carbon cycles, process model predictions of forest biomass and net primary production (NPP) are being developed at an accelerating rate. Such models can provide useful predictions at large scales, but it has been difficult to evaluate their performance. Using the network of plots comprising the comprehensive and spatially extensive Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data set collected and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, we applied methods typically used in field measurements to develop estimates of forest biomass and NPP for the mid-Atlantic region of the United States at a scale appropriate for comparison with model predictions. Plot-level and tree-level forest inventory data from a subset of plots were used together with species-specific biomass regression equations to calculate maximum current biomass and NPP values for the mid-Atlantic region. Estimates at the plot level were aggregated by forest type and to the 0.5° × 0.5° scale for analysis and comparison with process model predictions. Maximum current forest biomass averaged 248 and 200 Mg·ha−1·yr−1 in hardwood and softwood forest types, respectively; wood biomass increment averaged 559 and 460 g·m−2·yr−1 in hardwood and softwood forest types, respectively. Aggregated to the 0.5° × 0.5° scale, forest biomass ranged from 101 to 326 Mg/ha, while wood biomass increment ranged from 254 to 1050 g·m−2·yr−1. Biomass and NPP estimates for closed-canopy forests from this study were consistent with values reported in the literature but were as much as 50% lower than values reported for old-growth stands. NPP predictions from three process models were fairly consistent with the FIA-based estimates, but model predictions of biomass were higher than estimates from FIA data for the region. By describing upper and lower bounds on reasonable biomass and NPP values for closed-canopy forests, these FIA-derived estimates provide a foundation for model comparison and continued model development.
PROGRESS ON WIDELY-TUNABLE MONOCHROMATIC THz SOURCES AND ROOM-TEMPERATURE DETECTIONS OF THz WAVES

We have further developed widely-tunable monochromatic THz sources. These sources are based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) in GaSe and GaP crystals. Using a 47 mm long GaSe crystal the output wavelength was tuned in the range from 66.5 to 5664 μm (from 150 to 1.77 cm-1) with the peak powers reaching 389 W. This record-high power corresponds to a conversion efficiency of ~0.1%. On the other hand, using a 20 mm long GaP crystal the output wavelength was tuned in the range 71.1–2830 μm whereas the highest peak power was 15.6 W. The advantage of using GaP over GaSe is obvious: crystal rotation is no longer required for wavelength tuning. Instead, one just needs to tune the wavelength of one mixing beam within the bandwidth of as narrow as 15.3 nm. Most recently, we implemented a new scheme for detecting THz waves based on upconversion at room temperature, i.e. by mixing the THz wave with an infrared laser beam, we observed the upconverted signal at a wavelength just slightly longer than that of the infrared laser. To date the detectable THz power is just an order of magnitude higher than that for a bolometer. This scheme allows us to measure the pulse energy density, wavelength, linewidth, and pulse width of a THz beam at room temperature. Using our widely-tunable monochromatic THz beam, we directly measured the absorption spectra of three different families of the homologues of the chemical vapors.
Impacts of simulated livestock grazing on Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) in a low productivity ecosystem.

Allometric foraging theory suggests that herbivores of greatly differing size should co-exist through niche segregation, but a few studies of large–small herbivore foraging relationships have reported competitive interactions. This study addresses the potential roles of habitat productivity and large herbivore grazing intensities on large–small herbivore foraging interactions. We examined effects of different intensity simulated grazing treatments on forage abundance and quality for Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) in a low productivity ecosystem, and consequent effects on prairie dog individual growth rates, foraging preferences, and activity budgets. We hypothesized that simulated grazing would have predominantly facilitative impacts on Utah prairie dogs, as was found for black-tailed prairie dogs in higher productivity ecosystems. To test this hypothesis, we measured the effects of simulated grazing on forage nitrogen, digestibility, and biomass. Simulated grazing increased average forage nitrogen and digestibility while decreasing forage biomass. These effects were associated with reduced individual growth rates, increased juvenile foraging time, and reduced juvenile vigilance. Results suggest that the negative effects of reduced vegetation biomass greatly outweighed positive treatment effects in this study. However, prairie dogs in the moderate intensity defoliation treatment showed some preference for “grazed” plots over “ungrazed” plots, and this preference increased with time. Our study lends support to the idea that habitat productivity and herbivore densities may mediate shifts between facilitative and competitive interactions between different-sized herbivores.
The effect of income taxes on interstate migration: an analysis by age and race

The topic of interstate migration and the effects of taxes on migration have been extensively studied. Prior research has examined not only many possible determinants of migration but also the migrations of various populations, including the elderly, African-Americans, and the college educated. The present study will attempt to differentiate itself from this prior research by looking at the effect of income taxes on the interstate migration of both whites and African-Americans at various ages. Another distinguishing feature of the present study is that it will use data from the NLSY-Geocode, a data set not used previously for this type of study. Results of the present study are similar to the results of prior works; income taxes have an effect on migration for most races and age groups. Individuals move from states with high income taxes to states with low income taxes; these results corroborate the results obtained from the use of aggregate, state-level data. In addition, results of the present study suggest that non-economic factors, such as ties to a particular state and changes in employment status, are also important factors in an individual’s migration decision.
Constraint solver for generalized IC layout

This paper presents a constraint solver suitable for use in a general symbolic IC layout system. The essential features of the constraint solver, which is intended to place few restrictions on the source of the constraints to be solved, are that it accommodate mixed equality and inequality constraints, that it allow selective "maximization" of variables, that it proceed with any number of variables given user-defined values, and that it fail to produce a solution only when no solution exists. These features all flow from the desire to provide a constraint solver suitable for use in an "open" system, in which there are no restrictions on the form or order of the constraints. The algorithm presented meets these objectives while remaining reasonable in its use of storage and time. An extension to the class of constraints acceptable by the constraint solver is presented; the extension of the system to this added constraint class has yet to be done.
Psychologists' and teachers' reactions to mental health and behavioral school consultation

Abstract School psychologists and elementary school teachers were shown videotapes of a psychologist consulting with a teacher, with the psychologist using either behavioral or mental health consultation techniques. Problem situations and teacher-consultee verbalizations did not differ across the two sets of videotapes. Afterwards, subjects judged the effectiveness of of the consultation and the personal attributes of the consulting parties. In general, teachers preferred behavioral consultation, while psychologists rated the mental health consultation as more effective. Implications of these findings for consultation reaearch and practice are discussed.
The role of food allergy and mediator release in atopic dermatitis

Unlike most dermatoses, AD has no primary skin lesion but is identified by a constellation of symptoms.’ It is an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by extreme pruritus, chronically relapsing course, and typical distribution. The rash is generally an erythematous, papulovesicular eruption, which progresses to a scaly, lichenified rash over time.’ Besnieti was credited with first describing AD in 1892. He drew attention to the association of allergy with AD. Wise and Sulzberger“ further emphasized this relationship and coined the term “atopic dermatitis” by which the disorder is generally known today. For reasons unknown, the distribution of the skin rash in AD changes as a child grows older.’ In infancy, the rash involves primarily the face and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. As the child grows older, the rash tends to involve the neck and flexural creases of the arms and legs, and later in the teenage years, it has a strong predisposition to the hands and feet. The appearance of the skin rash differs significantly, depending on whether one views it in its more acute
Kinetic art and embedded systems: a natural collaboration

We describe a cross-disciplinary collaborative course that pairs computer science and engineering (CSE) students with art students to engage in joint engineering design and creative studio projects. These projects combine embedded system design with sculpture to create kinetic art. We believe that this is a natural pairing of two disparate disciplines, and one that provides distinct educational benefits to both groups of students. In this paper we describe the course content, the collaborative process, the materials used in the class, and experience with a pilot version of the course taught in Fall 2009 the University of Utah.
Understanding the Role of Neuroscience in Brain Based Products: A Guide for Educators and Consumers.

The term brain based is often used to describe learning theories, principles, and products. Although there have been calls urging educators to be cautious in interpreting and using such material, consumers may find it challenging to understand the role of the brain and to discriminate among brain based products to determine which would be suitable for specific educational goals. We offer a framework for differentiating the multiple meanings of the brain based label and guidelines for educators and consumers to use when evaluating educational products labeled as brain based. The guidelines include: identifying educational goals and target student populations, aligning goals and product purposes, reviewing product merits, identifying benefits and limitations of the product, and characterizing the product's impact on behavioral performance.
Resin classification among the Semelai of Tasek Bera, Pahang, Malaysia

Resins are an abundant and varied resource in the wet tropical forests of Southeast Asia. These exudates have been found archaeologically in Malaysia and are still exploited extensively by indigenous peoples. This paper analyzes the system of plant classification used by the Semelai of Tasek Bera who still exploit in many traditional ways their local forest resources. Two types of English terminological usage are presented in order to facilitate description of the Semelai classification system. Their complex and interlocking categories reflect the large range of useful, natural substances found in their local environment. It is concluded that an understanding of their classification of plant fluids, which is largely based upon gross morphological features, also requires a knowledge of Semelai torch technology.
Balance equations for general tandem queues

A procedure for obtaining balance equations for tandem queues with general interarrival and general service time distributions is developed.
Predictive validity of the suicide probability scale among adolescents in group home treatment

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the predictive validity of the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). Method Prospective design, predicting subsequent suicide attempts, suicide verbalizations, and minor self-destructive behaviors from SPS scores at admission to a group home in a sample of 855 adolescents. Results SPS scores significantly predicted all three suicide-relevant measures. Only 48% of subsequent attempts could have been predicted from SPS criteria that would have put 21% of newly admitted adolescents in the at-risk group. Although the prediction is far from perfect, it can prevent some suicide attempts when combined with effective suicide precautions. Conclusions This is the first known evidence of predictive validity of any measure of suicide risk in adolescents. Its predictive ability may have been reduced by interventions designed to reduce suicide risk. Despite the large number of false-positives and modest predictive validity, a large body of literature indicates that quantitative predictions perform better than clinical judgments in predicting psychological outcomes. However, the SPS measures only a subset of factors predictive of suicide, including suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and social isolation. Risk factors not assessed by the SPS include previous suicide attempts, conduct disorder, substance abuse, and reasons for living. These additional risk factors may be important to improve upon the predictive validity of the SPS.
Direct observation as a tool for needs assessment of resident teaching skills in the ambulatory setting.

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to develop and test a tool for direct observation of resident clinical teaching skills as a needs assessment before designing programs to improve teaching. Study design An 18-item checklist for a needs assessment of teaching skills was developed. Residents were observed teaching medical students while providing care in outpatient clinics. Teaching skills were documented by using the checklist, with each item assessed for performance only. Observations were compared across levels of resident education. Results Fifty-four encounters were observed and scored. There was no difference in frequency of skill performance with advancing level of training. Items relating to orientation and feedback were observed less frequently than other skills. Conclusion The combination of the needs assessment tool and direct observations was used to evaluate teaching skill deficiencies. This study confirmed the findings of the AAMC Medical Student Graduation Questionnaire (MSGQ) of the nationwide need to improve specific resident teaching skills.
Quantification of lymph nodes in selective neck dissection

Objectives: Provide reference for surgeon and pathologist regarding expected yield from selective neck dissection& Quantify lymph nodes obtained from cadaver dissection based on current nodal classification and compare with clinical series. Study Design: 1. Quantification of lymph nodes at levels I-V harvested from human cadavers and correlation with nodal grouping for supraomohyoid (I-III) and lateral (II-IV) neck dissections. 2. Retrospective review of operative specimens from clinical neck dissections for lymph node quantity. Methods: 1. Twenty radical neck dissection specimens, harvested from 10 fresh human cadavers without evidence of head and neck cancer, were separated by nodal level for gross and microscopic examination by a pathologist. The quantity of nodes obtained per level for each specimen was tabulated. 2. Charts of patients treated with neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed and tabulated for type of dissection and number of lymph nodes reported. Results: In the 20 cadaver neck dissections, the average number of lymph nodes removed for levels I-V was 24, with 13 for levels I-III and 19 for levels II-IV. In the clinical review, 98 total neck dissections were included. In the six supraomohyoid dissections, an average of 20 lymph nodes (range, 14-26) were found, with an average of 30 (range, 15-43) in the 11 lateral compartment specimens. In 81 radical or modified radical dissections, an average of 31 nodes (range, 19-63) was reported. Conclusions: The number of lymph nodes removed in selective neck dissection should be comparable to that of the corresponding levels in radical neck dissection, provided that strict adherence to surgical boundaries is maintained. Dissection of normal cadavers provides a reference for the surgeon and the pathologist but may under-represent lymph node quantity in the diseased state.
Some Observations on the Thermal Behavior of the Mesosphere

Temperature and wind profiles in stratosphere and mesosphere during winter and summer determined by grenade soundings, noting diurnal variations
Observations of containment corrosion in the vapor over lithium hydride in the temperature range 600–800°C

Abstract Types 304L and 309 stainless steel and Alloy X were exposed to the vapor above lithium hydride (LiH) in the temperature range 600–800°C. Results indicate that for the experimental conditions encountered, each alloy is susceptible to intergranular attack and development of porosity in the temperature range near 650–675°C. The mode of attack in all cases was found to be selective leaching of chromium (along with molybdenum in alloy X) initiating and concentrating at grain boundaries. Similar attack was not detected at higher LiH temperatures. Small amounts of nitrogen contamination in the vapor phase were speculated to be responsible for containment susceptibility to corrosion in vapor over LiH.
The charge form factor of the deuteron and optimized polynomials

Abstract Using pseudodata based on the Reid soft-core potential, we consider the extent to which a single measurement of the tensor polarization of recoil deuterons can facilitate the separation of deuteron charge and quadrupole form factors in the range 0
Seelisberg: An Appreciation

The 1947 Seelisberg "Address to the Churches" was a groundbreaking document in the history of Jewish-Christian relations. Its character was shaped by the personal experiences of its signers. Many of the Jewish signers had suffered directly in the Holocaust; many of the Christians had been engaged in advocacy and rescue.
Alcohol abuse in the psychiatric hospital population.

Abstract A survey was conducted to assess the presence of alcohol consumption and its associated effects in the nonsubstance abuse population of a VA neuropsychiatric hospital. The findings indicated that patients with alcoholism-related psychiatric diagnoses were more likely to be illegally consuming alcohol than those without these diagnoses. On the other hand, the effects of drinking appeared to be attributable to patients' drinking patterns rather than to their alcoholism histories. Finally, the incidence of alcoholism problems approximated that of the nonpsychiatric population, suggesting that there is no unique, etiological basis for alcoholism in other psychiatric conditions.
Model of the formation of the low-latitude boundary layer for strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field

A model for the formation of the low-boundary layer in which a magnetosheath flux tube reconnects in the north and south beyond the cusp when the IMF is strongly northward is presented. For northward IMF the geomagnetic field captures solar wind flux tubes through intermittent reconnection at the cusp region. These newly captured flux tubes shorten and sink into the magnetosphere while the flux tubes reorient themselves as they become assimilated into the magnetosphere. There is no significant acceleration for the particles within the flux tubes. In the magnetosphere the interchange instability disperses the flux tube azimuthally along the magnetopause to form a boundary layer. Subsequent reconnection forms sublayers of the boundary layer and different sublayers represent different ages after reconnection. The interchange instability is stable radially, which keeps sharp boundaries between sublayers and between the boundary layer and magnetosphere.
Effect of surface corrugation on low temperature phases of adsorbed (p-H2)7: A quantum path integral Monte Carlo study

Abstract By using path integral Monte Carlo simulations coupled to Replica Exchange algorithms, various phases of (p-H2)7 physically adsorbed on a model graphite surface were identified at low temperatures. At T = 0.5 K , the expected superfluid phase was observed for flat and slightly corrugated surfaces. At intermediate and high corrugations, a “supersolid” phase in C7/16 registry and a solid phase in C1/3 registry were observed, respectively. At higher temperatures, the superfluid is converted to a fluid and the “supersolid” to a solid.
The Development and Validation of a Model Explaining Sexual Behavior among College Students: Implications for AIDS Communication Campaigns.

College students' risky sexual behavior places them at relatively higher than average risk for HIV infection. This study examines various explanations for college students' risky behavior, and proposes and tests a model of factors influencing college students' sexual behavior. A LISREL estimation of the model shows that the model fits the data. The results also show that (1) sensation-seeking predispositions and the sexual motive for a pleasurable relationship are indirectly or directly related to all measures of sexual behavior (i.e., number of partners, incidence of unprotected sex, and percentage of condom use); (2) sexual motives driven by concern for health have only an indirect effect on percentage of condom use; and (3) optimistic bias, personal relevance, perceptions about partners, and images of condoms are related to sensation seeking, sexual motives, and sexual behavior. In addition, interpersonal influence from sexual partners appears to both facilitate and inhibit safer sexual behavior. Suggestions are provided regarding campaigns designed for AIDS prevention among college students.
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF STRESS PEAKS IN LINEAR AND NONLINEAR STRUCTURES

The first part of this paper is a review of current knowledge of the probability distribution of stress peaks for a general type of broadband response of a linear structure under stationary and Gaussian random excitations. It is shown that the random stress in a linear structure always can be decomposed into two components and that the peaks in one of the components are Rayleigh-distributed. The second part of this paper presents a solution to the distribution of stress peaks in a nonlinear structure, with the restrictions that the response of the structure is dominated by a single mode and that the nonlinear deflection (not necessarily the stress) is of a narrow band. The theoretical result for the nonlinear stress peaks shows marked differences from that of the linear stress peaks. In particular, there is a finite probability measure for the stress peaks to assume negative values in a nonlinear structure, even when the deflection peaks are always positive. For the positive stress peaks, which are smaller than about two times the standard deviation of the stresses, the nonlinear theory predicts a smaller probability measure than that of a Rayleigh distribution.