cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
English semantic word-pair norms and a searchable Web portal for experimental stimulus creation

As researchers explore the complexity of memory and language hierarchies, the need to expand normed stimulus databases is growing. Therefore, we present 1,808 words, paired with their features and concept–concept information, that were collected using previously established norming methods (McRae, Cree, Seidenberg, & McNorgan Behavior Research Methods 37:547–559, 2005). This database supplements existing stimuli and complements the Semantic Priming Project (Hutchison, Balota, Cortese, Neely, Niemeyer, Bengson, & Cohen-Shikora 2010). The data set includes many types of words (including nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.), expanding on previous collections of nouns and verbs (Vinson & Vigliocco Journal of Neurolinguistics 15:317–351, 2008). We describe the relation between our and other semantic norms, as well as giving a short review of word-pair norms. The stimuli are provided in conjunction with a searchable Web portal that allows researchers to create a set of experimental stimuli without prior programming knowledge. When researchers use this new database in tandem with previous norming efforts, precise stimuli sets can be created for future research endeavors.
Patient ocular conditions and clinical outcomes using a PROSE scleral device.

Abstract Purpose To determine the type and distribution of ocular conditions cared for in a clinic dedicated to scleral devices and to report the clinical outcomes afforded by this approach. Methods Fifty-one charts of patients fitted unilaterally or bilaterally with a scleral device (Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem – PROSE) in a two year period were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, ocular diagnoses, associated systemic conditions, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after fitting, Visual Function Questionnaire score (VFQ-25), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score were collected. Results All 51 patients were successfully wearing the PROSE device for a period of anywhere from weeks to years. The most common reasons for fitting were to relieve symptoms of moderate to severe dry eye syndrome (“DES”, n = 25), management of refractive problems (“refractive”, n = 23) with keratoconus being the most common ( n = 14), and to manage other anomalies (“other”, n = 3). Best corrected visual acuity (logMAR) improved with the wearing of the PROSE device for both the DES (17 letters) and the refractive group (10 letters), but not the “other” group. No serious complications were recorded for any of the patients. Conclusions The PROSE device is a useful option not only for the management of ocular surface disease and optical imperfections, but also for other ophthalmic conditions. Moderate to severe dry eye was the most common anomaly managed, followed by eyes with irregular corneal astigmatism. DES and refractive patients experienced improvement in visual acuity with wearing of the PROSE device.
Detection of Legionella pneumophila in water samples by species-specific real-time and nested PCR assays.

Aims: Legionella pneumophila is a contaminant of man-made water systems, including potable water, cooling towers, water systems of large buildings, etc. It is the most common causative agent of legionellosis, a respiratory infection, which may give rise to restricted outbreaks. To survey environmental water samples from hospitals and private habitations in Bologna, we developed a species-specific nested and a TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of L. pneumophila. We compared the two assays and both to cultural isolation. Methods and Results: The targeted gene was macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip), conserved in L. pneumophila, and divergent in other legionellae. One assay was based on a nested PCR and the other on a TaqMan real-time PCR protocol. Their sensitivities were 14 % or 5% higher than that of cultural isolation respectively. The detection limits were 1–2 genome equivalents per 50-μl reaction. Specificity was assessed using DNA from nine target and 20 nontarget organisms. Conclusions: When applied to water samples, both assays detected L. pneumophila at 80% or higher frequency. Significance and Impact of the Study: The species-specific molecular diagnosis of L. pneumophila by means of nested PCR does not require a specific instrumentation, exhibits a high sensitivity, and is advantageous over the cultural isolation and real-time PCR detection. It allows to quickly monitor water samples for the risk assessment of environmental contaminations.
Benzyl group migration in 9-methyl-10-benzyl-9,10-dihydroacridine

When 9-methyl-10-benzylacridane was treated with n-butyl lithium, its benzyl group was found to migrate to the 9-position. NMR and deuterium oxide-exchange studies suggested that the rearrangement occurred intramolecularly. No rearrangement was noticed when 9-methyl-10-methylacridane was treated similarly. When N,N-dimethyl-9-carboxamido-9,10-dimethylacridane was treated with LiAlH4 its carboxamido function was displaced and 9,10-dimethylacridane was produced.
Random prices and estimation of the elasticity of substitution

We have examined the profit-maximizing specification for estimating the elasticity of substitution from the CES production function under conditions of random output prices. The results added further support to the suggestion that a cost-minimizing specification is preferable. But the main purpose of the paper was to offer a sample of one instance where the recent developments in the uncertainty literature cause econometric difficulties. Much further study needs to be done on other estimation problems. After all, the purpose of estimation is to shed light on the values of “real world” parameters and the real world is filled with uncertainty to one degree or another.
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF A DRILL PENETRATING A THIN PLATE.

Proposition d'un modele simplifie du procede de percage permettant de comprendre le probleme de la fabrication de trous non circulaires. Etude des dynamiques de penetration et methodes numeriques utilisees pour expliquer les effets d'enlevement du materiau
Chlorine monoxide (Cl2O) and molecular chlorine (Cl2) as active chlorinating agents in reaction of dimethenamid with aqueous free chlorine.

HOCl is often assumed to represent the active oxidant in solutions of free available chlorine (FAC). We present evidence that Cl2O and Cl2 can play a greater role than HOCl during chlorination of the herbicide dimethenamid. Reaction orders in [FAC] were determined at various solution conditions and ranged from 1.10 ± 0.13 to 1.78 ± 0.22, consistent with the concurrent existence of reactions that appear first-order and second-order in [FAC]. Solution pH, [Cl−], [FAC], and temperature were systematically varied so that the reactivity and activation parameters of each FAC species could be delineated. Modeling of kinetic data afforded calculation of second-order rate constants (units: M−1 s−1) at 25 °C: kCl2O = (1.37 ± 0.17) × 106, kCl2 = (1.21 ± 0.06) × 106, and kHOCl = 0.18 ± 0.10. Under conditions typical of drinking water chlorination, Cl2O is the predominant chlorinating agent of dimethenamid. To the extent that Cl2O represents the active species in reactions with other disinfection byproduct (DBP) precu...
Projected benefits of universal or scheduled antepartum corticosteroids to prevent neonatal morbidity: A decision analysis

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare strategies of corticosteroid administration for the prevention of neonatal morbidity and death. Study design A Markov decision model compared 3 strategies of antepartum corticosteroid administration: (1) to all pregnant women (universal), (2) to all pregnant women with a previous preterm delivery (high risk), and (3) to women who had preterm labor symptoms that placed them at risk for delivery within 7 days (current). A second model with addition of a “rescue” arm to capture women who remained undelivered was also created. Results Compared with the current strategy, the universal strategy would result in roughly 1000 fewer cases of respiratory distress syndrome and >3 million more women would receive corticosteroids annually. The addition of a rescue arm further reduces morbidity and mortality rates. Conclusion A universal strategy of corticosteroid administration confers potential benefit for the prevention neonatal morbidity or death over the current strategy but requires that a large number of women be treated.
The transition form theory to therapy: Test of two instructional methods

This study compared college students' understanding of the role of three language learning theories (operant, sociolinguistic, cognitive) in language theory through two instructional methods: video-based anchored instruction and traditional classroom instruction. Results indi-cated no significant difference between the performance of students in the two instructional groups on the post-test while students who received anchored instruction scored significantly higher on two transfer tests than students who received the traditional instruction. Video-based anchored instruction was found to be a valuable instructional tool which increased students' understanding of theoretical principles; through observations they experienced abstract theoretical principles as the foundation for clinicians' actions and interactions with language-impaired children.
High-speed random access laser tuning.

We have developed a technique for laser tuning at rates of 100 kHz or more using a pair of acousto-optic modulators. In addition to all-electronic wavelength control, the same modulators also can provide electronically variable Q-switching, cavity length and power stabilization, chirp and linewidth control, and variable output coupling, all at rates far beyond what is possible with conventional mechanically tuned components. Tuning rates of 70 kHz have been demonstrated on a radio-frequency-pumped CO2 laser, with random access to over 50 laser lines spanning a 17% range in wavelength and with wavelength discrimination better than 1 part in 1000. A compact tuner and Q-switch has been deployed in a 5–10-kHz pulsed lidar system. The modulators each operate at a fixed Bragg angle, with the acoustic frequency determining the selected wavelength. This arrangement doubles the wavelength resolution without introducing an undesirable frequency shift.
A comparison of vegetation indices over a global set of TM images for EOS-MODIS

Abstract A set of Landsat Thematic Mapper images representing a wide range of vegetation conditions from the NASA Landsat Pathfinder, global land cover test site (GLCTS) initiative were processed to simulate the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), global vegetation index imagery at 250 m pixel size resolution. The sites included boreal forest, temperate coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rainforest, grassland, savanna, and desert biomes. Differences and similarities in sensitivity to vegetation conditions were compared among various spectral vegetation indices (VIs). All VIs showed a qualitative relationship to variations in vegetation. However, there were significant differences among the VIs over desert, grassland, and forested biomes. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was sensitive to and responded primarily to the highly absorbing red reflectance band, while other indices such (is the soil and atmosphere resistant vegetation index (SARVI) were more responsive to variations in the near-infrared (NIR) band. As a result, we found the NDVI to mimic red reflectances and saturate over the forested sites while the SARVI, by contrast, did not saturate and followed variations in NIR refleetances. In the arid and semiarid biomes, the NDVI was much more sensitive to canopy background variations than the SARVI. Maximum differences among vegetation index behavior occurred over the evergreen needleleaf forest sites relative to the deciduous broadleaf forests and drier, grassland, and shrub sites. These differences appear to be useful in complementing the NDVI for improved monitoring of vegetation, with the NDVI sensitive to fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation and the SARVI more sensitive to structural canopy parameters such as leaf area index and leaf morphology.
Bandgap dependence of band-to-band tunneling and defect-mediated excess currents in SiGe/Si heterojunction tunnel diodes grown by RTCVD

There is great interest in SiGe/Si heterojunction tunnel diodes for novel devices such as sharp subthreshold slope MOSFET's. High tunneling current densities are a clear goal (for MOSFET drive current, e.g.). This work presents two clear results: (i) a direct measurement of the dependences on bandgap (Ge fraction) of the direct tunneling current vs. the “excess” defect-assisted tunneling current, and (ii) the highest direct tunneling currents (NDR current peaks) observed in Si-based heterojunction diodes grown by chemical vapor deposition.
An empirical normalization of the (t,p) reaction

Abstract An empirical normalization of a DWBA (t,p) reaction code is shown to be consistent to better than a factor of two when applied to data from Ca to Pb at bombarding energies of 12 MeV and 20 MeV.
Paramedic evaluation of clinical indicators of cervical spinal injury

Purpose. Standard prehospital practice includes frequent immobilization of blunt trauma patients, oftentimes based solely on mechanism. Unnecessary cervical spine (c-spine) immobilization does have disadvantages, including morbidity such as low back pain and splinting, increased scene time and costs, and patient-paramedic conflict. Some emergency physicians (EPs) use clinical criteria to clear trauma patients of c-spine injury. If paramedics were able to apply clinical criteria in the out-of-hospital setting, then unnecessary c-spine immobilization could be safely avoided. The authors designed a prospective, randomized, simulated trial to determine the level of agreement between paramedic and EP assessments of clinical indicators of c-spine injury, hypothesizing that there would be substantial agreement between them.Methods. A convenience sample of ten paramedics and ten attending EPs participated. Ten standardized patients, with various combinations of positive and negative findings, were examined simult...
Enhanced responsivity of 5-HT2A receptors at warm ambient temperatures is responsible for the augmentation of the 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI)-induced hyperthermia

Warm ambient temperature facilitates hyperthermia and other neurotoxic responses elicited by psychogenic drugs such as MDMA and methamphetamine. However, little is known about the neural mechanism underlying such effects. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that a warm ambient temperature may enhance the responsivity of 5-HT2A receptors in the central nervous system and thereafter cause an augmented response to 5-HT2A receptor agonists. This hypothesis was tested by measuring changes in body-core temperature in response to the 5-HT2A receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) administered at four different ambient temperature levels: 12 °C (cold), 22 °C (standard), 27 °C (thermoneutral zone) and 32 °C (warm). It was found that DOI only evoked a small increase in body-core temperature at the standard (22 °C) or thermoneutral ambient temperature (27 °C). In contrast, there was a large increase in body-core temperature when the experiments were conducted at the warmer ambient temperature (32 °C). Interestingly, the effect of DOI at the cold ambient temperature of 12 °C was significantly reduced. Moreover, the ambient temperature-dependent response to DOI was completely blocked by pretreatment with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that 5-HT2A receptors may be responsible for some neurotoxic effects of psychogenic drugs in the central nervous system, the activity of which is functionally inhibited at cold but enhanced at warm ambient temperature in contrast to that at standard experimental conditions.
Thermodynamic analysis of thermomechanical coupling in tangential Couette flow of temperature dependent materials

Thermodynamic analysis of the thermomechanical coupling in a tangential Couette flow is presented for the Nahme number Na range of 0.5 < Na < 2.5. In the analysis, the temperature and velocity gradients, obtained from the series solutions in the Brinkman number Br, have been used for Newtonian fluids whose viscosity and thermal conductivity are expressed as linear functions of temperature. The entropy generation and the irreversibility distributions due to the thermomechanical coupling are evaluated and displayed graphically across the gap with asymmetric wall temperatures for the Couette flow of ethylene glycol.  2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS
Structure of nitric oxide hemoglobin

Abstract We have compared the structure of horse nitric oxide hemoglobin (HbNO) and methemoglobin in the oxy quaternary structure by difference Fourier analysis at 2.8 A resolution. Both nitric oxide and oxygen assume bent co-ordination geometry and form low-spin complexes in binding to heme; on the basis of preferred ligand and heme stereochemistry, HbNO is the closest analog of HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin) examined to date. To the resolution of the X-ray data, the stereochemistry of the heme-NO complex in hemoglobin and the corresponding free heme complex appears similar. In contrast, the ligand pockets in hemoglobin hinder binding of cyanide and carbon monoxide in their preferred linear axial co-ordination modes and force them to assume a strained off-axis binding stereochemistry. The structural similarity between HbNO and HbO2 is reflected in their kinetic behavior, which is similar, and distinct from that of carboxyhemoglobin.
Nicaragua: Opciones de política para la reforma del sector eléctrico

Este informe plantea opciones de politica de mediano y largo plazo para la reforma del sector electrico de Nicaragua, teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo del mercado electrico regional. El informe presenta en una primera parte un diagnostico del sector electrico orientado a analizar la viabilidad a largo plazo del marco institucional y regulatorio vigente y del modelo de mercado mayorista. En una segunda parte, se presentan las opciones y recomendaciones sugeridas. El consultor baso su trabajo en: (i) la documentacion recibida del BID sobre la legislacion y normativas vigentes, estudios de consultoria sobre el mercado mayorista y presentaciones del Instituto Nicaraguense de Energia (INE) sobre el esquema regulatorio; e (ii) informacion recolectada y entrevistas realizadas con las principales instituciones y empresas del sector durante la visita a Managua realizada por el consultor del 12 al 18 de Octubre de 2003.
Superconductivity in the Alloy System Cadmium-Mercury and the Effect of Ordering upon Superconductivity

The superconducting transition temperatures of Cd-Hg alloys covering the complete composition range have been determined. The solubility of Cd in Hg has been accurately determined; it is 1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25 at.% at 193\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The terminal solid solubility of Hg in Cd is found to be 26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 at.% at 418\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Boundaries of the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ phase occur at 88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 at.% Hg at 193\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and at 35\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 at.% Hg at 383\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Ordering occurs in the intermediate $\ensuremath{\omega}$ phase at compositions based on ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{2}$Hg and Cd${\mathrm{Hg}}_{2}$. The effect of ordering upon the superconducting transition temperature is observed for the first time. The transition temperature for the ordered phase is lower than the one for the disordered. This is presumably caused either by a reduced electron-phonon interaction, which is reflected also in a lower measured normal-state resistivity of the ordered phase, or by changes in the electronic density of states at the Fermi surface, which would be expected as a consequence of the subdivision of the Brillouin zones by the superlattice formation.
Fundamental natural frequencies of thin cylindrical shells: a comparative study

Abstract A comparative study of three approximate “explicit” formulae for estimating the fundamental natural frequency of a thin cylindrical shell, and its associated fundamental modenumber is presented. The objective is to identify the limits of the validity of each formula. The three approximate formulae considered in this study are based on: (a) the Weingarten–Soedel approximation of the Donnell–Mushtari–Vlasov equations, (b) the Calladine–Koga improved classical-beam-on-Winkler-foundation model, and (c) the Timoshenko-beam-on-Pasternak-foundation analogy of the shell. Results are compared against the analytical solutions of the equations of motion of Flugge, and results obtained by a commercial finite-element package. Tabulated results are given for length-to-radius ratios of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20, and radius-to-thickness ratios of 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500.
A successive approximation analog to digital conversion system with good differential linearity

Abstract A high speed modified successive approximation 4 input ADC system has been designed and constructed. Throughput rates of 250 kHz at 12 bit conversion gain with good differential linearity is achieved at low cost, using the MPX4 ADC system.
After The Mandates: Massachusetts Employers Continue To Support Health Reform As More Firms Offer Coverage

Based on a spring 2008 survey of 1,003 randomly selected Massachusetts firms, this paper examines views and responses of employers to health care reform after employer and individual mandates went into effect. A majority of firms view reform as “good for Massachusetts.” The percentage of firms with three or more workers offering coverage increased from 73 percent to 79 percent. Massachusetts employers are less likely than employers nationally to indicate plans to terminate coverage or restrict eligibility for health benefits, which suggests that crowd-out is not occurring.
Computed tomography adnexal mass score to estimate risk for ovarian cancer

We wish to develop a CT scan-based scoring system which estimates the probability of adnexal mass malignancy. Patients (324) undergoing adnexal mass surgery were recruited into the study from June 1, 2002, to January 1, 2009. All study patients had a preoperative CT scan and serum CA-125 test. CT scan abnormalities included any solid tumor components, ascites, and pelvic or abdominal lymphadenopathy and omental caking. There were 225 (70 %) benign and 99 (30 %) malignant ovarian masses. Using logistic regression with the area under the curve of the receiver operating curve of 82 %, the cancer probability was determined by the equation. $$ \frac{{{\text{e}}^{{ - 3. 6 3 7 2 { } + \, 0.0 30 6 { }* \, \left( {\text{A}} \right) \, + \, 0.00 1 { }* \, \left( {\text{B}} \right) \, + \, 0.{ 876 }* \, \left( {\text{C}} \right) + 1. 5 5 1 { }* \, \left( {\text{D}} \right) \, + { 1}. 7 3 7 7 { }* \, \left( {\text{E}} \right) \, + { 2}. 7 6 { }* \, \left( {\text{F}} \right)}} }}{{ 1+ {\text{e}}^{{ - 3. 6 3 7 2 { } + \, 0.0 30 6 { }* \, \left( {\text{A}} \right) \, + \, 0.00 1 { }* \, \left( {\text{B}} \right) \, + \, 0. 8 7 6 { }* \, \left( {\text{C}} \right) \, + { 1}. 5 5 1 { }* \, \left( {\text{D}} \right) \, + { 1}. 7 3 7 7 { }* \, \left( {\text{E}} \right) \, + { 2}. 7 6 { }* \, \left( {\text{F}} \right)}} }} $$ where A = age, B = CA-125, C = solid adnexal mass is 1 and cystic is 0, D = ascites is 1, E = omental caking is 1 and absence is 0, F = node size ≥1 cm is 1 and <1 cm is 0 value. The natural logarithm e is a constant [2.718281828]. For example, for a woman of age 60, CA-125 = 50 U/mL, with solid adnexal mass, ascites, omental caking, and lymphadenopathy, the probability is 0.994. Hence, this woman has a 99.4 % probability of having cancer. The computed tomography adnexal mass score combines CT scan findings, CA-125, and patient age into an equation to predict the malignant probability of an adnexal mass.
The Greening of Marketing: An Analysis of Introductory Textbooks

In this study, the authors examined whether introductory marketing textbooks contain the information that is needed to educate future business leaders about the important role of environmentally sustainable practices. We content-analyzed the 21 current introductory marketing textbooks for coverage of these practices. The results showed limited, sporadic coverage of specific issues, with modest exposure to general environmental awareness. The audit indicated that exposure in pricing issues is more deficient than in other elements of the marketing mix. The 6 market leader texts were only marginally better at coverage than were the others. We concluded that, in the case of the environmentally sustainable practices, business schools have yet to incorporate this vitally important area into their curricula, in part because available textbooks lack sufficient coverage.
Non-wrapping order crossover: an order preserving crossover operator that respects absolute position

In this paper, we introduce a new crossover operator for the permutation representation of a GA. This new operator---Non-Wrapping Order Crossover (NWOX)---is a variation of the well-known Order Crossover (OX) operator. It strongly preserves relative order, as does the original OX, but also respects the absolute positions within the parent permutations. This crossover operator is experimentally compared to several other permutation crossover operators on an NP-Hard problem known as weighted tardiness scheduling with sequence-dependent setups. A GA using this NWOX operator finds new best known solutions for several benchmark problem instances and proves to be superior to the previous best performing metaheuristic for the problem.
Pathology of mesothelioma

In this article, progress in distinguishing mesothelioma from mesothelial hyperplasia and fibrosing pleuritis was discussed. Advances in the immunohistochemical characterization of mesothelioma, in the recognition of entities that mimic mesothelioma, and in their distinction from mesothelioma were reviewed. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic contributions to the diagnosis of pleural synovial sarcoma were briefly summarized. The diagnosis of epithelial type mesothelioma can be established in most cases. Several mesotheliomas, however, especially rare subtypes, and sarcomatoid, desmoplastic, and poorly differentiated mesotheliomas continue to present diagnostic challenges.
ParK: An efficient algorithm for k-core decomposition on multicore processors

The k-core of a graph is the largest induced subgraph with minimum degree k. The k-core decomposition is to find the core number of each vertex in a graph, which is the largest value of k that the vertex belongs to a k-core. k-core decomposition has applications in many areas including network analysis, computational biology and graph visualization. The primary reason for it being widely used is the availability of an O(n + m) algorithm. The algorithm was proposed by Batagelj and Zaversnik and is considered the state-of-the-art algorithm for k-core decomposition. However, the algorithm is not suitable for parallelization and to the best of our knowledge there is no algorithm proposed for k-core decomposition on multicore processors. Also, the algorithm has not been experimentally analyzed for large graphs. Since the working set size of the algorithm is large, and the access pattern is highly random, it can be inefficient for large graphs. In this paper, we present an experimental analysis of the algorithm of Batagelj and Zaversnik and propose a new algorithm, ParK, that significantly reduces the working set size and minimizes the random accesses. We provide an experimental analysis of the algorithm using graphs with up to 65 million vertices and 1.8 billion edges. We compare the ParK algorithm with state-of-the-art algorithm and show that it is up to 6 times faster. We also provide a parallel methodology and show that the algorithm is amenable to parallelization on multicore architectures. We ran our experiments on a 4 socket Nehalem-EX processor which has 8 cores per socket and show that the algorithm scales up to 21 times using 32 cores.
Analysis of Rb and Cs implantations in silicon by channeling and hall effect measurements

Abstract Analyses of silicon samples implanted with 5–50 keV Rb and Cs ions at substrate temperatures of 350°C and room temperature (R.T.) were made by use of Hall effect and sheet resistivity measurements and channeling techniques. Within limits of detection (≤ 10%) neither Rb nor Cs was found to occupy substitutional or tetrahedral interstitial lattice sites. This behavior seems to be independent of implantation or anneal temperature. Outdiffusion effects were observed for both species. In Hall effect measurements on R.T. implanted samples, the number of carriers/cm 2 , N s , exhibited an increase at temperatures significantly above that where the lattice reordered and a decrease below that where outdiffusion started. The maximum value in the average carrier concentration was about 5·10 18 /cm 3 for Rb and 10 18 /cm 3 for Cs. In almost every respect the behavior of Cs and Rb implanted samples differed from that found for Group II, III, V and VI implanted species.
Ultrastructural features of familial cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Ultrastructure observations of heart tissue in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) have generally been unrewarding in separating types of cardiomyopathy or identifying specific etiologic agents. Little is known about the etiology or pathogenesis of IDC. Viruses, immunological abnormalities and toxins are some of the proposed etiologic agents. Morphologic examination of myocardium from patients with IDC shows nonspecific changes of hypertrophy and fibrosis with some myocyte attenuation. At an ultrastructural level, the features of IDC include hypertrophied myocytes with large irregular nuclei, some with myofibrillar loss, and small, elongated, pleomorphic mitochondria.1,2 Some cases of IDC are known to occur in family members. This report describes the observations via electron microscopy of biopsy-obtained myocardium from 5 sets of siblings (2 patients in each family) with clinical signs and symptoms of end-stage IDC referred to our institution for cardiac transplantation.
Factors governing the ratio of inward to outward diffusing flux of satellite ions

The sensitivity of the flux ratio to the uncertainties in the boundary conditions and diffusion coefficient is analyzed. The principal result is that if the diffusion is driven externally, for example, by winds in Jupiter's ionosphere, the inward flux exceeds or is of the same order of magnitude as the outward flux. On the other hand, if the diffusion is driven locally by the centrifugal interchange instability, as suggested by one interpretation of Voyager plasma data, the outward flux can be one or two orders of magnitude greater than the inward flux. Fits to the Voyager in situ plasma torus data obtained through solutions to the transport equations appropriate to wind driven and centrifugally driven diffusion are compared.
LINUX EXPERIENCE IN THE GENERAL OPERATING SYSTEMS CLASS

DOI: 10.14684/intertech.13.2014.42-44 This work profiles a collection of demonstrations and assignments designed to augment a hands-on operating systems class featuring an instructional operating system with examples from the more complex Linux environment. In addition to describing the course and its place in the curriculum, hands-on student activities involving Linux device-drivers and user-space file systems are described, along with practical observations and resources for their implementation. Index Terms - Operating systems, Linux, MINIX, pedagogy.
When Minimalism isn't enough: An argument for argument structure

Afin d'illustrer l'architecture de base du programme minimaliste, Chomsky a pris pour exemple la phrase John wondered which picture of himself Bill took et a analyse take picture comme designant idiomatiquement une photographie et himself comme se referant exclusivement a Bill. Dans cette note, l'A. revient sur les arguments avances par Chomsky pour justifier a travers cette analyse la place importante qu'il accorde a la LF dans son programme minimaliste. Ainsi, il est d'accord avec l'idee de Chomsky selon laquelle le niveau auquel take picture est interprete de facon unitaire est le niveau auquel le liage du pronomm reflechi est determine. Mais ce niveau n'est pas la LF. Ce serait le niveau de la Structure Argumentale, un niveau de representation syntaxique que l'A. suggere d'ajouter a l'architecture de base du programme minimaliste
Triple product wavelet integrals for all-frequency relighting

This paper focuses on efficient rendering based on pre-computed light transport, with realistic materials and shadows under all-frequency direct lighting such an environment maps. The basic difficulty is representation and computation in the 6D space of light direction, view direction, and surface position. While image-based and synthetic methods for real-time rendering have been proposed, they do not scale to high sampling rates with variation of both lighting and viewpoint. Current approaches are therefore limited to lower dimensionality (only lighting or viewpoint variation, not both) or lower sampling rates (low frequency lighting and materials). We propose a new mathematical and computational analysis of pre-computed light transport. We use factored forms, separately pre-computing and representing visibility and material properties. Rendering then requires computing triple product integrals at each vertex, involving the lighting, visibility and BRDF. Our main contribution is a general analysis of these triple product integrals, which are likely to have broad applicability in computer graphics and numerical analysis. We first determine the computational complexity in a number of bases like point samples, spherical harmonics and wavelets. We then give efficient linear and sublinear-time algorithms for Haar wavelets, incorporating non-linear wavelet approximation of lighting and BRDFs. Practically, we demonstrate rendering of images under new lighting and viewing conditions in a few seconds, significantly faster than previous techniques.
High rate reactive sputtering in an opposed cathode closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering system

Attention is given to an opposed cathode sputtering system constructed with the ability to coat parts with a size up to 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in length. Initial trials with this system revealed very low substrate bias currents. When the AlNiCo magnets in the two opposed cathodes were arranged in a mirrored configuration, the plasma density at the substrate was low, and the substrate bias current density was less than 1 mA/sq cm. If the magnets were arranged in a closed-field configuration where the field lines from one set of magnets were coupled with the other set, the substrate bias current density was as high as 5.7 mA/sq cm when NdFeB magnets were used. In the closed-field configuration, the substrate bias current density was related to the magnetic field strength between the two cathodes and to the sputtering pressure. Hard well-adhered TiN coatings were reactively sputtered in the opposed cathode system in the closed-field configuration, but the mirrored configuration produced films with poor adhesion because of etching problems and low plasma density at the substrate.
The Equivalence of Integer Programs to Constrained Recursive Systems

It has been established that integer programs with integral, recursive constraint matrices have integral extreme points for integral, nonnegative requirement vectors. In this paper, it is first shown that the assignment problem can be transformed to such a program, but with upper bounds on some variables. This equivalent program leads to additional results for solving the assignment problem. Algorithms are then delineated to transform matching, covering and travelling salesman problems to equivalent recursive programs of the aforementioned type, but with bounds on some variables. These results are extended to programs with special structure in their constraint matrices.
Abstract 2111: Expression pattern and mechanism of tumor suppression of Rab25

Introduction: Our previous work has shown that the loss of Rab25 occurs in estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative breast cancer cell lines and human tumor samples and seems to correlate with an active ras pathway. We have examined the expression levels of rab25 in breast tissue and have investigated the mechanism by which Rab25 exerts its anti-tumorigenic effect. Loss of Rab25 cooperates with mutant Ras to promote tumorigenesis. HIF-1α levels are reduced in Rab25 expressing cells. We have assessed Rab25 binding to the HIF-1α promoter and localized Rab25 to the nucleus, suggesting a novel mechanism for Rab259s antitumor activity and a novel function for Rab25. Materials and Methods: Cell culture – Normal mammary tissue and the RAO-3 cell line was grown in DFCI-1 medium. Cells were transduced with retroviral supernatant and selected. Expression of Rab25 in transduced cells was determined by RT-PCR and western blot. qPCR analysis- Expression of HIF-1α and Rab25 were quantified using real-time PCR with fluorescence detection. Luciferase report assay – We obtained the HIF-1α promoter fragment and inserted the promoter sequence in the pGL4 luciferase vector and the Luciferase Assay was then performed. Western blot- Protein extracts from both cytosolic and nuclear fraction were tested for Rab25 expression. Immunofluorescence- Frozen mammary tissue slides were stained with luminal and basal markers as well as antibody for Rab25 to confirm localization of Rab25 in both luminal and basal mammary epithelium. Results: 1. High level expression of Rab25 was found in luminal epithelium in normal human breast tissue. Basal epithelium also expressed Rab25. 2. Tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell lines, RAO-3 and RAO-4, have lost Rab 25 expression with nearly 1/10,000 the level of Rab25 of normal mammary basal epithelium. 3. Rab25 localizes to the nucleus and reduces luciferase activity from the HIF-1α promoter. 4. Expression of Rab25 substantially reduces HIF-1α levels. Conclusions: 1. Rab25 is a complex molecule that has been described as an intracellular transport protein. 2. It is also a tumor modulator. It can regulate tumor growth and angiogenesis. 3. Rab25 expression can be detected in both luminal epithelium and basal epithelium. 4. Our data indicate novel functions for Rab25 including reduction in HIF-1α expression and localization to the nucleus. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2111
Evaluation Of Digital Image File Storage Requirements And Creation Rates

Estimates have been made for the amount of digital storage capacity necessary and the data creation rates for the nuclear medicine portion of an all digital radiology department. After installation, the number of computer studies performed, image files created and bytes archived for each month increased with time. There was a high correspondence between the number of computer studies performed and (1) the number of new image files created (r=0.95) and (2) the total number of pytes archived (r=0.82). The average number of bytes created per work-day was 5.6 x 106 Experience with our nuclear medicine system seems to indicate that when planning a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) installation (1) the amount of necessary online storage may increase and continue to increase after installation and (2) our estimate of nuclear medicine digital images creation rates agree with previous estimates l.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tissue culture of epithelial cells from esophageal specialized columnar epithelium (Barrett's esophagus).

A procedure is described for the tissue culture of epithelial cells from Barrett's specialized columnar epithelium. The method employs use of nonenzymatic disaggregation techniques and use of a specialized growth medium, M-19. Successful growth can be achieved in 60–70% of cases. Characteristics of four cultures are presented including PAS, Alcian blue, and cytokeratin staining properties. Ultrastructural studies showed the presence of distended rough endoplasmic reticulum, abundant Golgi apparatus, glycogen granules, and cell-cell junctional complexes. Colony formation in anchorage-independent growth in soft agar was not observed in any culture. The cultured cells were not capable of indefinite growth. Thus, they do not behave as fully transformed cells. Availability of this culture system should be of use to the study of the biology of this metaplastic premalignant lesion.
Salt diffusion in interstitial waters and halite removal from sediments: Examples from the Red Sea and Illinois basins

Abstract Large thicknesses of bedded halite can be removed in subsiding sedimentary basins by vertical diffusion of dissolved salt in interstitial waters over geologic time scales. Calculations show that at least 10 m to 40 m of halite may have dissolved and diffused through the Red Sea sediments overlying the salt beds, since cessation of salt deposition approximately 5.3 million years ago. The total amount of salt diffused out of the sediment column over geologic time is five to twenty times the amount of salt that currently exists in the porewater column. If upward flow in the past occurred at even small rates, 10 −3 m/yr, the amount of halite removed could have been ten times as great, 500 m. Unlike the Red Sea Basin, no halite beds are known in the Illinois Basin in spite of the fact that interstitial waters with as much as 200%. TDS (approximately 220 g/L) occur. Calculations show that if a halite bed had been deposited at the base of the Illinois Basin in Cambrian time, it would have been completely removed from the stratigraphic record had it initially been less than 60 m to 130 m in thickness. A significant thickness of halite deposited in sedimentary basins may thus be removed during active burial of salt beds, and before exhumation and exposure of the salt beds to shallow meteoric waters.
Centralized and Decentralized Multimodal Statewide Transportation Planning: Survey of States

Statewide multimodal transportation planning may be centralized through a single office or decentralized through separate modal agencies (e.g., aviation, transit, highway, port, rail, and toll agencies). To determine the value of each approach, representatives from 41 states were surveyed by questionnaire or telephone about the usefulness of centralized versus decentralized planning. Each approach offers benefits. Centralization provides consistency of modal plans, better modal coordination (including detection of modal conflicts earlier in the process), an ability to examine the entire transportation system holistically, collective attention brought to smaller modes that otherwise might be overlooked, economies of scale for service delivery and employee development, and a greater likelihood that long-range planning will be performed rather than eliminated by more immediate tasks. Decentralization, however, provides greater ease in obtaining modal support for a long-range plan (since the planners and implementers are in the same functional unit), greater ease of tapping mode-specific expertise, and an ability to focus on the most critical mode. External factors that may override the importance of either approach are mode-specific funding requirements, the increasing relevance of metropolitan planning organizations, and the fact that modal location in the same office is not synonymous with coordination. A subset of the free responses to the survey indicated that centralized multimodal planning can be beneficial but only if four constraints are met: modal staff work collaboratively, the centralized unit has funding or other authority, necessary mode-specific planning is not eliminated, and there is a clear linkage between this unit and the agencies that perform mode-specific planning such that the latter can implement the recommendations of the former.
Rosiglitazone prevents the progression of preinvasive lung cancer in a murine model

There is a critical need to identify efficacious chemopreventive agents for lung cancer that can be taken chronically with no side effects and whose mechanisms of action do not involve genotoxicity that could drive, rather than impede, cancer progression. We evaluated the ability of a chemopreventive cocktail that included selenium (antioxidant), rosiglitazone (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist), sodium phenylbutyrate or valproic acid (histone deacetylase inhibitors) and hydralazine (cytosine-demethylating agent) to prevent the progression of lung cancer in A/J mice treated with NNK. Agents were administered alone or in various combinations. Effects of the chemopreventive agents were quantified based on the proportion of hyperplasias and adenomas within the mouse lung. Significant effects on tumor progression were seen in all treatment groups that included rosiglitazone as reflected by a 47-57% increase in number of hyperplasias and a 10-30% decrease in adenomas. Cell proliferation was also reduced in these treatment groups by approximately 40%. Interestingly, while treatment with rosiglitazone alone did not significantly affect lesion size, striking effects were seen in the combination therapy group that included sodium phenylbutyrate, with the volume of hyperplasias and adenomas decreasing by 40 and 77%, respectively. These studies demonstrate for the first time that chronic in vivo administration of rosiglitazone, used in the management of diabetes mellitus, can significantly block the progression of premalignant lung cancer in the A/J mouse model.
Monte Carlo Studies of High Resolution Microcalorimeter Detectors

World record energy resolution (DeltaE ~ 25 eV) has recently been demonstrated for soft gamma-ray detectors using small radiation absorbing elements coupled to transition-edge sensors (microcalorimeters). Initial results were obtained with a 1 mm wide by 250 mum thick tin absorber. We are proceeding with construction of arrays of sensors and exploring other absorber materials. Monte Carlo tools, e.g. - GEANT4, are useful for exploring the design space and performance expectations for these arrays of microcalorimeters. In this work, we use simulations to quantify some important characteristics of this emerging technology in the hard X- and gamma-ray regime, such as the effective area and effect of absorber material and thickness. We also explore, through simulations, how these detectors might be used in some interesting applications, like passive assay of spent nuclear fuel from X-ray fluorescence.
Immunologic Abnormalities Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Several aspects of cellular immunity in patients with clinically defined chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were evaluated and compared with those in healthy individuals. Flow cytometric analyses revealed normal expression of total T (CD3+), B (CD19+), and NK (natural killer) (CD16+, CD56+) markers on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMC) from patients with CFS. However, compared with those of healthy individuals, patients' CD8+ T cells expressed reduced levels of CD11b and expressed the activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR at elevated levels. In many of the individuals in whom expression of CD11b was reduced the expression of CD28 was increased. These findings indicate expansion of a population of activated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A marked decrease in NK cell activity was found in almost all patients with CFS, as compared with that in healthy individuals. No substantial abnormalities in monocyte activity or T cell proliferation were observed. The results of this study suggest that immune cell phenotype changes and NK cell dysfunction are common manifestations of CFS.