cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Propagation in multiscale random media

Many studies consider media with microstructure, which has variations on some microscale, while the macroproperties are under investigation. Sometimes the medium has several microscales, all of them being much smaller than the macroscale. Sometimes the variations on the macroscale are also included, which are taken into account by some procedures, like WKB or geometric optics. What if the medium has variations on all scales from microscale to macroscale? This situation occurs in several practical problems. The talk is about such situations, in particular, passive tracer in a random velocity field, wave propagation in a random medium, Schrodinger equation with random potential. To treat such problems we have developed the statistical near-identity transformation. We find anomalous attenuation of the pulse propagating in a multiscale medium.
Principles of adverbial distribution in the lower clause

Adverbs like manner, domain, and measure adverbs generally occur in the lowest part of a clause, in a contiguous range of positions; some of them occur only within this zone, and for certain adverbs there are additional restrictions, such as to postverbal position. A semantically based theory of adverbial modification is outlined to account for these facts, in which the main factor in determining an adverb's possible positions is whether putting an adverb in those positions allows a well-formed interpretation. There are some syntactic effects, but they are limited, for example, to broadly formulated principles of linear order for head-initial vs. head-final languages, or the restriction on a few semantic rules to applying within some maximal projection.
Ceramide metabolism analysis in a model of binge drinking reveals both neuroprotective and toxic effects of ethanol

Binge drinking is a common form of alcohol abuse that involves repeated rounds of intoxication followed by withdrawal. The episodic effects of binge drinking and withdrawal on brain resident cells are thought to contribute to neural remodeling and neurological damage. However, the molecular mechanisms for these neurodegenerative effects are not understood. Ethanol (EtOH) regulates the metabolism of ceramide, a highly bioactive lipid that is enriched in brain. We used a mouse model of binge drinking to determine the effects of EtOH intoxication and withdrawal on brain ceramide metabolism. Intoxication and acute alcohol withdrawal were each associated with distinct changes in ceramide regulatory genes and metabolic products. EtOH intoxication was accompanied by decreased concentrations of multiple ceramides, coincident with reductions in the expression of enzymes involved in the production of ceramides, and increased expression of ceramide-degrading enzymes. EtOH withdrawal was associated with specific increases in ceramide C16:0, C18:0, and C20:0 and increased expression of enzymes involved with ceramide production. These data suggest that EtOH intoxication may evoke a ceramide phenotype that is neuroprotective, whereas EtOH withdrawal results in a metabolic shift that increases the production of potentially toxic ceramide species.
Regulation of Aflatoxin Production by Naphthoquinones of Walnut (Juglans regia)

Walnuts are a valuable crop the sale and export potential of which may be severely limited by contamination with aflatoxins, metabolites produced on infection with Aspergillus flavus. The effect of a series of four naphthoquinones [1,4-naphthoquinone (1); juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) (2); 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone (3); and, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) (4)] (Figure 1), which occur in walnut husks, on fungal viability and aflatoxigenesis was studied in vitro. The quinones delayed germination of the fungus and were capable of completely inhibiting growth at higher concentrations. Their effect on aflatoxin levels was highly dependent on the concentration of individual naphthoquinones in the media. At higher concentrations, aflatoxin production was decreased or completely inhibited, but at lower concentrations there was a stimulatory effect on aflatoxin biosynthesis, with a >3-fold increase at 20 ppm of 3. Structural features associated with decreased fungal viability and greatest effect on aflatoxigenesis are the presence of a 5-hydroxyl or 2-methyl substituent, but there is no significant additive effect when both of these substituents are present.
Robust Control and Recursive Utility

This paper shows that a finite-horizon version of the robust control criterion appearing in recent papers by Hansen, Sargent, and their coauthors can be described as recursive utility, which in continuous time takes the form of the Stochastic Differential Utility (SDU) of Duffie and Epstein (1992). While it has previously been noted that Bellman equations arising in robust control settings are of the same form as Bellman equations arising from SDU maximization, here this connection is shown directly without reference to any underlying dynamics, or Markov structure.
Fine-structure branching in the near-threshold photodissociation of NaK(X 1 Sigma +-B 1 Pi ).

We have measured the ${\mathit{X}}^{1}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}$--B $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}$ bound-free molecular photodissociation profile of NaK under molecular-beam conditions. The dissociation results in excited ${\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{*}}$(4 $^{2}$P). We have measured the ${\mathit{D}}_{1}$/${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ fine-structure branching ratio; this ratio is a strong function of wavelength ranging from near zero to ${\mathit{D}}_{1}$/${\mathit{D}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\simeq}25% as the laser is tuned through the bound-free absorption profile.
High-Frequency Users of Detoxification: Who Are They?

Utilizing a longitudinal database (1996–2002) with all intake information from entries to all licensed drug treatment programs in Massachusetts (N = 27,801), this study examined factors associated with multiple detoxification admissions by injection drug users (IDUs). Four logistic regression models were developed. Although our hypothesis was that the highest frequency treatment users (in the 95th percentile) would be those in the detoxification-only group, this was incorrect: the highest frequency detoxification users were those most likely to use detoxification along with methadone maintenance, outpatient counseling, and/or residential treatment. Health insurance was a key factor. Study implications, limitations, and future research directions are noted.
Indirect Modulation of Dopamine D2 Receptors as Potential Pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia: I. Adenosine Agonists

OBJECTIVE:To review preclinical and clinical information related to pharmacologic modulation of dopamine D2 receptors as potential novel antipsychotic therapy. Specifically, to summarize the data that suggest a modulatory action of adenosine A2A receptors on dopamine D2 receptors and, therefore, a possible rational role of adenosine A2A agonists as novel antipsychotic agents.DATA SOURCES:Primary and review articles were identified by MEDLINE search (from 1966 to May 1998) and through secondary sources.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All of the articles identified from the data sources were evaluated and all information deemed relevant was included in this review.DATA SYNTHESIS:For all of the older and many of the newer antipsychotic agents, there is a strong correlation between clinical antipsychotic activity and affinity for dopamine D2 receptors. Unfortunately, dopamine D2 receptors are believed to also be involved in the adverse effect profile of these agents. The indirect modulation of dopamine D2...
Selected CERES electronic component survivability under simulated overvoltage conditions

In August, 1998, a Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument telemetry housekeeping parameter generated a yellow warning message that indicated an on- board +15V Data Acquisition Assembly (DAA) power converter deregulation anomaly. An exhaustive investigation was undertaken to understand this anomaly and the long-term consequnces which have severely reduced CERES operations on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) spacecraft. Among investigations performed were groudn tests that approximated the on-board electronic circuitry using a small quantity of flight identical components exposed to maximum spacecraft bus over-voltage conditions. These components include monolithic integrated microcircuits that perform analog signal conditions on instrument sensor signals and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for the entire DAA. All microcircuit packages have either a bipolar silicon design with internal current limiting protections or have a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) design with bias protections. Ground test that have been running for approximately 8 months have indicated that these components are capable of withstanding as much as twice their input supply voltage ratings without noticeable performance degradation. This data provided CERES operators with assured confidence to be able to continue instrument science operations over the remaining life of the TRMM. This paper will discuss this anomaly and some possible cause, a simulator of affected electronics, test results, prognosis for future CERES operations, and conclusions.
Behind the scenes of functional brain imaging: A historical and physiological perspective

At the forefront of cognitive neuroscience research in normal humans are the new techniques of functional brain imaging: positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The signal used by positron emission tomography is based on the fact that changes in the cellular activity of the brain of normal, awake humans and laboratory animals are accompanied almost invariably by changes in local blood flow. This robust, empirical relationship has fascinated scientists for well over a hundred years. Because the changes in blood flow are accompanied by lesser changes in oxygen consumption, local changes in brain oxygen content occur at the sites of activation and provide the basis for the signal used by magnetic resonance imaging. The biological basis for these signals is now an area of intense research stimulated by the interest in these tools for cognitive neuroscience research.
Interaction of a $\hbox{CO}_{2}$ Laser Pulse With Tin-Based Plasma for an Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Source

The interaction of a CO2 laser pulse with Sn-based plasma for a 13.5-nm extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography source was investigated. It was noted that a CO2 laser with wavelength of 10.6 ?m is more sensitive to surface impurities as compared with a Nd:YAG laser with wavelength of 1.06 ?m . This reveals that a CO2 laser is more likely absorbed in a thinner layer near the target surface. Compared with a Nd:YAG laser, a CO2 laser shows higher in-band (2% bandwidth) conversion efficiency (CE) with a solid Sn target due to less reabsorption of the EUV emission induced by the plasma. However, with foam targets containing low concentrations of Sn, the in-band CE is lower than that with solid Sn. The CE can be enhanced with plasma confinement. These results suggest that a driving laser with wavelength between 1.06 and 10.6 ?m may be an even better choice to generate higher CE from laser to 13.5-nm EUV emission.
Keynote & Chapman Dialogue Address: Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Approaches to Financial Regulation

Ideal financial regulation would work ex ante, to prevent financial failures. Once a failure occurs, there may already be economic damage, and it may be difficult to stop the failure from spreading and becoming systemic. The reality, though, is that preventing financial failures should be only one role for regulators. Even an optimal prophylactic regulatory regime cannot anticipate and prevent every failure. This paper, which formed my Chapman Dialogue Address at Chapman University School of Law and the keynote speech at Chapman Law Review’s 2011 Symposium on the Future of Financial Regulation, attempts to contrast fundamental differences between ex ante and ex post financial regulation. It also illustrates how ex post approaches can, and arguably should, supplement ex ante approaches as part of a comprehensive financial regulatory framework.
Uranium Hydride Formation Study as Observed by Scanning Surface Potential Imaging

Uranium is an extremely important material for commercial and military applications (i.e. nuclear power, nuclear weapons, conventional weapons, and armor systems) and, like a number of other materials, is vulnerable to corrosion by environmental gases that affect their properties, leading to component degradation, shortened lifetimes and materials failure. For uranium this is particularly true in the case of corrosion by hydrogen. A fundamental understanding of the corrosion process at the nucleation stage is of critical importance. The goal of this work is to study the role of common chemical impurities in uranium with initiation sites for the formation of destructive hydride blisters. Samples were implanted with various ions, annealed under vacuum at 200°C, than exposed to one atm of ultra-pure hydrogen. Scanning force microscopy surface potential imaging was used to characterize the structure and corresponding electrical properties of polycrystalline uranium surfaces that resulted from the implantation of different suspect atoms after exposure to hydrogen gas. Surface potential images revealed features related to different oxide structures and hydride spots/blisters as well as other features not obvious in the corresponding topograph. In the surface potential images, blisters appear as bright (higher potential) features in sharp contrast to the uranium oxide background. Often a possible inclusion was observed in the center of a blister. Blister formation did not appear to correlate with implantation of any specific specie, however, distinct differences were seen between implanted and non implanted sides of the same sample.
Analyzing Automated Maintenance architectures to provide flexible smart maintenance capabilities

The computing architecture of an Automated Maintenance Environment (AME) can foster or stunt the ability to employ smart maintenance practices. With software decision support technologies becoming more readily available, there is ample opportunity for diagnostic enhancement within AMEpsilas. Data analysis practices and informed decision support are enabled by an enhanced technical infrastructure, which includes data accessibility, common data formats, and sufficient computational capacity. This paper will explain the results of the IDATS teampsilas efforts in creating a lab architecture to facilitate diagnostic analysis and how it further applies in a functioning smart AME. Additionally, the paper will address the computing and decision support software requirements needed to perform efficient maintenance practices within the US Navy, as well as provide an analysis of the strengths and shortcomings of existing Navy AME architectures. Potential change-points or limitations resulting from the existing AME architecture will be identified. This analysis will recognize common data points within the AME that can be improved or augmented to benefit multiple aircraft platforms with the capability of enhanced common diagnostic techniques. The steps toward realizing a common, flexible maintenance capability were investigated by analyzing the structure of all current and in-development Navy aircraft AMEs, including the data storage format, the movement of data, and the network infrastructure. A common Navy AME architecture will facilitate timely insertion of new and enhanced diagnostic techniques as they are developed, providing the fleet with intelligent support equipment at the flight line.
Donor Motivations and Contributions to War Crimes Tribunals

We investigate why states provide a voluntary contribution to war crimes tribunals despite the fact that these tribunals are located in states that offer few economic and strategic advantages. We view tribunal financing as a form of foreign assistance and place the funding of tribunals within the broader foreign assistance literature to explain the motivations of donor states. We examine voluntary contributions to four tribunals, and our analysis shows that there are differences between the gatekeeper stage and the secondary decision to allocate assistance. However, donors generally make no distinction among tribunals for purposes of foreign assistance. As a consequence, purely voluntarily funded tribunals are at a disadvantage, since they are not seen by states as unique and requiring special consideration. Ultimately, the lack of funding calls into question the ability of these tribunals to provide justice to victims as well as serve as a mechanism for national reconciliation.
Generation of volume/surface octree from range data

The authors propose a scheme to generate the volume/surface octree structure from range data. The scheme is similar to that of the quadtree generation algorithm. However, in this case, each node in the quadtree is a binary tree corresponding to a range data point. Consequently, the octree of the viewed object can be generated efficiently by merging the neighboring binary trees recursively. Surface normals can be computed directly from the range image. They are encoded into associated binary trees and subsequently propagated to the corresponding octree nodes during the merging process. Since 3-D information of the viewed object is available in each range image, the proposed scheme is capable of capturing the concave structures in objects, which cannot be detected from intensity model construction. Furthermore, since the algorithms developed in this research are essentially recursive tree traversal procedures, they are suitable for parallel implementation. >
Essentia: Architecting Wireless Sensor Networks Asymmetrically

In this paper, we advocate asymmetric function placement as one of guiding principles to architect sensor network systems. We demonstrate its generic applicability and effectiveness by applying this principle to three typical sensor network technologies, namely, localization (Spotlight), sensing (uSense) and communication (mNets). These technologies have very dissimilar features, representing a wide spectrum of system design requirements. We have invested significant effort to design, implement and evaluate our techniques on TinyOS/Mote testbeds. The results from several running systems indicate that asymmetric function placement is a powerful guiding principle to achieve efficiency and high-performance simultaneously in wireless sensor networks. At the end, we exam the system features that discourage the use of asymmetric function placement and approaches to address them.
Superconducting cable joint resistance

Results of a parametric study of the 4.2-K resistance of lap joints between two 27-strand cables of multifilamentary Nb/sub 3/Sn wire are reported. All joints were between ribbon terminations made by rolling copper-encapsulated cable ends flat. Resistances as functions of current were inferred from current decay time constants of cable-in-conduit conductor loops connected by the joints. The resistances of 23 samples were measured (range of 0.2 to 3 n Omega ). It was found that lap joint resistance was a function of current. The influences of solder versus no solder, solder thickness, indium versus tin-lead, ribbon surface oxidation, solder flux, cable twist pitch, wire chrome plating, clamping pressure during heat treatment, ribbon aspect ratio, and joint length are reported.
Descriptive Statistics, Part II: Most Commonly Used Descriptive Statistics

Scientific Inquiry provides a forum to facilitate the ongoing process of questioning and evaluating practice, presents informed practice based on available data, and innovates new practices through research and experimental learning.
Sodium Diffusion and Leaching of Simulated Nuclear Waste Glass

Oxides such as CaO, ZnO, Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and ZrO/sub 2/ were substituted for SiO/sub 2/ into a 14 Na/sub 2/O . 10 B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . 76 SiO/sub 2/ (wt%) glass in proportion to their weight percent in PNL-7668 simulated nuclear waste glass. No correlation was found between the Na diffusion coefficient (D /SUB Na/ ) in the bulk glass and sodium leaching in water for any of the iron-containing borosilicate glasses. Effective diffusion coefficients calculated from the sodium leach rates in deionized water were 500 to 2000 times larger than D /SUB Na/ . The experimental leaching data agreed with a diffusion-convection model where the convective term was a measured ''phase boundary'' velocity moving into the glass.
The Image of the Journalist in France, Germany, and England, 1815–1848

The growth of the professions in the nineteenth century occurred as a process of specialization; distinct functions separated out of certain broad categories of activity. The church, the law, and medicine were the matrices from which new professions emerged and became differentiated in response to the growing needs of an increasingly complex society. The reasons for that complexity were in the main economic and stemmed from the industrialization of the first half of the century.
Theoretical frameworks for the study of structuring processes in group decision support systems: adaptive structuration theory and self-organizing systems theory

Most theoretical perspectives used to explain the use and effects of communication and decision support technologies assume some form of technological determinism. Inconsistencies in the research findings have prompted theorists to reject the assumptions of technological determinism in favor of an emergent perspective. To date, only adaptive Structuration theory (AST) offers the promise of satisfying two requirements for explanation based on an emergent perspective: recursivity and unique effects. The current article reviews the application of AST to the study of a relatively recent technology in the work place—group decision support systems (GDSS). Next it discusses AST's challenge to capture, dynamically and precisely, GDSS processes and outcomes. In response to these concerns, self-organizing systems theory (SOST) is reviewed and applied to problematic areas in GDSS research with the aim of advancing AST.
Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor in the Ovary of a Young Child with Isosexual Precocious Puberty

The authors report a unique case of a primary ovarian placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) in a 30-month-old girl who presented with isosexual precocious puberty of 1 month duration. Laboratory studies revealed mildly elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (37.5 mIU/ml; reference range <3.0 mIU/ml) and estradiol (74 pg/ml; reference range 0 to 56 pg/ml) serum levels. A 3.5-cm right ovarian mass was detected radiographically. The tumor was confined to the ovary as proven by the preoperative staging workup and the exploratory laparotomy. Microscopically, it was composed of intermediate trophoblastic cells with angioinvasive growth and deposition of fibrinoid material. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for human leukocyte antigen G, melanoma cell adhesion molecule (CD146), and cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, CK18, and CAM 5.2). Stains for human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-inhibin, and human placental lactogen showed focal immunoreactivity. Serum markers returned to normal postoperatively. The patient remains disease-free at 24-months follow-up. We propose that tumors morphologically identical to uterine PSTT may rarely occur as gonadal germ cell tumors in children.
Serologic specificity and crossreactivity of soluble HL-A alloantigens.

The serologic activity of soluble human histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens extracted from four human cultured lymphoid cell lines by the 3M KCI method has been evaluated by their ability to inhibit...
Trade Distinctiveness: Solving Scalia's Tertium Quid Trade Dress Conundrum

The article covers issues relating to protection of unregistered trade dress under Lanham Act section 43(a) in light of the Supreme Court's Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Bros. Inc. case. The article proposes a new system by which to determine whether trade dress should be protected from its first use in commerce, suggesting that a new category of distinctiveness for all trade dress be created, entitled "trade distinctiveness." In Wal-Mart, the Supreme Court held that product design could never be inherently distinctive, but would always require proof of secondary meaning, also known as acquired distinctiveness. Unfortunately, this put the decision at odds with the Court's earlier Two Pesos decision, where the Court had determined that trade dress in the form of the design and decor of a restaurant could be inherently distinctive. Unable to fully reconcile the cases, Justice Scalia said that the trade dress in Two Pesos was either some form of packaging, or "tertium quid." Criticism of the Supreme Court's trade dress doctrines has previously focused on whether the trade dress can function as an inherently distinctive trademark. Inherent distinctiveness is a concept which functions effectively with word marks, where a trademark's inherent meaning can be determined by reference to a dictionary. Since trade dress by its nature does not have an "inherent" meaning, the concept is ill suited to determine distinctiveness of trade dress. "Trade distinctiveness" replaces this analysis, substituting the meaning developed in the market place. If the design features claimed as trade dress have developed trademark significance by a custom in the trade, then the trade dress should be protected from its first use in commerce. This new category both reconciles these two Supreme Court cases, and provides a comprehensive system for evaluating the distinctiveness of trade dress generally.
On-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery among patients with type 2 diabetes in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial

Objectives Conclusive evidence is lacking regarding the benefits and risks of performing off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) for patients with diabetes. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes after off-pump and on-pump procedures for patients with diabetes. Methods The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes and documented coronary artery disease, 615 of whom underwent CABG during the trial. The procedural complications, 30-day outcomes, long-term clinical and functional outcomes were compared between the off-pump and on-pump groups overall and within a subset of patients matched on propensity score. Results On-pump CABG was performed in 444 (72%) patients, and off-pump CABG in 171 (28%). The unadjusted 30-day rate of death/myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke was significantly higher after off-pump CABG (7.0 vs 2.9%, P = 0.02) despite fewer complications (10.3 vs 20.7%, P = 0.003). The long-term risk of death [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.41, P = 0.2197] and major cardiovascular events (death, MI or stroke) (aHR: 1.47, P = 0.1061) did not differ statistically between the off-pump and on-pump patients. Within the propensity-matched sample (153 pairs), patients who underwent off-pump CABG had a higher risk of the composite outcome of death, MI or stroke (aHR: 1.83, P = 0.046); the rates of procedural complications and death did not differ significantly, and there were no significant differences in the functional outcomes. Conclusions Patients with diabetes had greater risk of major cardiovascular events long-term after off-pump CABG than after on-pump CABG.
HPV vaccination coverage of teen girls: The influence of health care providers

Abstract Background Between 2010 and 2014, the percentage of 13–17 year-old girls administered ≥3 doses of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine (“fully vaccinated”) increased by 7.7 percentage points to 39.7%, and the percentage not administered any doses of the HPV vaccine (“not immunized”) decreased by 11.3 percentage points to 40.0%. Objective To evaluate the complex interactions between parents’ vaccine-related beliefs, demographic factors, and HPV immunization status. Methods Vaccine-related parental beliefs and sociodemographic data collected by the 2010 National Immunization Survey-Teen among teen girls (n = 8490) were analyzed. HPV vaccination status was determined from teens’ health care provider (HCP) records. Results Among teen girls either unvaccinated or fully vaccinated against HPV, teen girls whose parent was positively influenced to vaccinate their teen daughter against HPV were 48.2 percentage points more likely to be fully vaccinated. Parents who reported being positively influenced to vaccinate against HPV were 28.9 percentage points more likely to report that their daughter's HCP talked about the HPV vaccine, 27.2 percentage points more likely to report that their daughter's HCP gave enough time to discuss the HPV shot, and 43.4 percentage points more likely to report that their daughter's HCP recommended the HPV vaccine (p Conclusion Results suggest that an important pathway to achieving higher ≥3 dose HPV vaccine coverage is by increasing HPV vaccination series initiation though HCP talking to parents about the HPV vaccine, giving parents time to discuss the vaccine, and by making a strong recommendation for the HPV. Also, HPV vaccination series completion rates may be increased by eliminating missed opportunities to vaccinate against HPV and scheduling additional follow-up visits to administer missing HPV vaccine doses.
An orbital shear platform for real-time, in vitro endothelium characterization

Electrical impedance techniques have been used to characterize endothelium morphology, permeability, and motility in vitro. However, these impedance platforms have been limited to either static endothelium studies and/or induced laminar fluid flow at a constant, single shear stress value. In this work, we present a microfabricated impedance sensor for real-time, in vitro characterization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) undergoing oscillatory hydrodynamic shear. Oscillatory shear was applied with an orbital shaker and the electrical impedance was measured by a microfabricated impedance chip with discrete electrodes positioned at radial locations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 mm from the center of the chip. Depending on their radial position within the circular orbital platform, HUVECs were exposed to shear values ranging between 0.6 and 6.71 dyne/cm(2) (according to numerical simulations) for 22 h. Impedance spectra were fit to an equivalent circuit model and the trans-endothelial resistance and monolayer's capacitance were extracted. Results demonstrated that, compared to measurements acquired before the onset of shear, cells at the center of the platform that experienced low steady shear stress (∼2.2 dyne/cm(2) ) had an average change in trans-endothelial resistance of 6.99 ± 4.06% and 1.78 ± 2.40% change in cell capacitance after 22 hours of shear exposure; cells near the periphery of the well (r = 12.5 mm) experienced transient shears (2.5-6.7 dyne/cm(2) ) and exhibited a greater change in trans-endothelial resistance (24.2 ± 10.8%) and cell capacitance (4.57 ± 5.39%). This study, demonstrates that the orbital shear platform provides a simple system that can capture and quantify the real-time cellular morphology as a result of induced shear stress. The orbital shear platform presented in this work, compared to traditional laminar platforms, subjects cells to more physiologically relevant oscillatory shear as well as exposes the sample to several shear values simultaneously. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1336-1344. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biosensing with Photonic and Plasmonic Nanocavities

We develop a nanoplamonic fiber tip probe to study intracellular protein dynamics in single live neurons. We will also present a silicon photonic crystal chip to study protein affinity. Article not available.
A methodological note on the Palmar Sweat Index (PSI)

Commercial PSI apparatus was found to be convenient and practical; however, requiring clarification of methodology: (a) Change scores based on the same finger appear to be the only meaningful data; (b) Re-calibration of the densitometer is necessary with each print; (c) Dial readings should be made only after complete stabilization of the indicator, and; (d) all readings should be taken at the same time from printing, preferably 28 days or more.
Complementary Role of Sonography and Arteriography in Diagnosis and Management of Uterine Choriocarcinoma

While the sonographic appearance of hvdatidiform mole is well known, the findings in uterine choriocarcinoma have not been thoroughly described in previous papers. In patients with clinically suspected choriocarcinoma, sonography and arteriography have enabled us to firmly establish the presence of the tumor.
Research of Dot Matrix Two-dimensional Bar Code Based on Morphological Image Processing

The identification of the two-dimensional bar code was studied.It was found that the two-dimensional bar code always punched on the material surfaces with dot matrix.The existing detection algorithm is only suitable for printed papers;it can not be used to detect two-dimensional bar code on other material surfaces.We used the close operations to handle the dot matrix two-dimensional bar code;it can be converted into continuous format which make the location much easier.At the same time,we found that the square structural element of the close operations can be determined by computing the average pixels of each module.
Clinical value of 3D ASL MRI in diagnosis of cerebral vascular diseases in children

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of 3Darterial spin labeling(ASL)magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in children with cerebral vascular diseases.Methods:Clinical and imaging data of sixteen children with cerebral vascular diseases proved by DSA or surgery in our hospital from May 2014 to October 2015 were collected and analyzed.Among 16 cases,there were 9cases of moyamoya disease,7cases of cerebral vascular malformation.All cases underwent conventional sequences(including T1 WI,T2WI,T2-FLAIR,DWI and MRA)and 3D ASL perfusion imaging on a 3.0T MR scanner.All data of 3D ASL MRI were transmitted to workstation for post-processing using Functool software.Cerebral blood flow(CBF)of the lesions were measured,and the relative CBF between lesions and contralateral mirror areas in the two groups were calculated and compared using Mann Whitney U test.Results:In moyamoya disease group(9cases),the lesion showed low perfusion(rCBF=0.74±0.21)on 3D ASL images in 8cases(8/9),of which no positive findings were found on conventional MRI in 3cases,the lesions were clearly showed on T2 WI and FLAIR images in 5cases;the lesions showed high perfusion(rCBF=1.32±0.15)in one case(1/9)complicated with hemorrhagic infarction.Among 7cases of cerebral vascular malformation,the lesions showed significantly high perfusion(rCBF=2.54±1.23)in 3cases with cerebral arteriovenous malformations;no positive findings were found on 3D ASL images in two cases with venous malformation;in the two cases with cerebral cavernous hemangioma,the lesions showed low perfusion(CBF=0.80±0.05)in one case and normal perfusion(rCBF=1.1±0.00)in another case;the mean rCBF value of the 7cases with cerebral vascular malformationis was 1.58±1.06.The difference of rCBF in the two groups was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:rCBF of the lesions of cerebral vascular malformation in children tends to be higher than that of moyamoya disease,this may be due to the difference of collateral circulation mechanism in children.3DASL MRI is of great importance in the diagnosis of cerebral vascular diseases in children.
Aging Characteristics of Shed Materials of Silicone Rubber Composite Insulators in Service

Effectively understanding the aging properties of composite insulator in service and a evaluation method of the composite aging degree are crucial to ensure the system to work well.Taking insulators of different serving times as samples,we test and analyze samples by hydrophobic testing,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and thermally stimulated current(TSC) test.According to the results,both the peak values in FTIR and TSC have a rising trend along with the increasing of running time.However,the results of hydrophobicity test do not show a good correspondence with the running time.Preliminary research results indicate that FTIR and TSC can determine the change of silicone rubber property more effectively.And to some extent the quantized judgment of aging degree may also be obtained from the comparison between the changes in the peak and other parameters.
Export and Female Labor Force Participation:A research based on Chinese industry firm data

The demographic dividend of China is disappearing with the change of demographic structure.Considering whether Chinese export-oriented growth can aggravate the the phenomenon and then have an adverse effect on economic growth,this paper explores the impact of export of female labor force from Chinese manufacturing firms.To begin with,this paper introduces the related literatures about the impact of export on female labor force participation and reorganizes the mechanism of the impact.It uses the 2004 Chinese manufacturing firm-level data and makes a comprehensive description,which shows apparently the relationship between the export of Chinese manufacturing firms and the female labor force participation.Furthermore,the empirical analysis suggests that female labor force participation increases with the export intensity.The results are very robust after resolving the endogenous problem,redefining the meaning of export and changing samples.Meanwhile,it can be deduced for the negative relation between female labor force participation and fertility,which indicates that female labor force participation increasing with export can lower fertility rate in China.Therefore,changing the exportled growth mode can not only be beneficial to improving the quality of Chinese economic growth,but also contributing to alleviating the adverse impact of the gradual disappearance of China's demographic dividend.
The Association of Accounting Disclosures with the Net Commodity Price Risk Exposure of Oil and Gas Producers

For a sample of oil and gas producers, the paper shows that commodity price risk disclosures similar to the SEC's new market risk disclosure rules (in particular, the tabular and sensitivity analysis disclosure formats) are associated with the stock market based assessments of oil and gas price sensitivity. Although official disclosures under the SEC rules are not yet available, the study uses data from extant SFAS 69 and SFAS 119 disclosures. The findings are consistent with (1) claims that sensitivity analysis measures are not cross-sectionally comparable with tabular format disclosures; and (2) the SEC's decision to avoid manadatory disclosure of underlying commodity positions. The results are inconsistent with claims that sensitivity analysis disclosures cannot reliably measure commodity price risk exposures.
Specificity of Esterases and Effect of Structure of Prodrug Esters of Acylated Acetaminophen on Hydrolytic Reactivity

The transient modification of active drug structures to enhance their efficient delivery is now a widely practiced method (1). Although initial efforts were generally applied to drug substances that had already been introduced, it has become increasingly common for drug developers to incorporate this concept at the earliest stages of development. The art and science of providing a temporary chemical cloak for the active drug species to aid in their delivery is now such a common practice that many, if not most, future drugs will be prodrugs and the term itself may eventually disappear since prodrugs are drugs.
Methane Sources and Migration Mechanisms in Shallow Groundwaters in Parker and Hood Counties, Texas-A Heavy Noble Gas Analysis.

This study places constraints on the source and transport mechanisms of methane found in groundwater within the Barnett Shale footprint in Texas using dissolved noble gases, with particular emphasis on 84Kr and 132Xe. Dissolved methane concentrations are positively correlated with crustal 4He, 21Ne, and 40Ar and suggest that noble gases and methane originate from common sedimentary strata, likely the Strawn Group. In contrast to most samples, four water wells with the highest dissolved methane concentrations unequivocally show strong depletion of all atmospheric noble gases (20Ne, 36Ar, 84Kr, 132Xe) with respect to air-saturated water (ASW). This is consistent with predicted noble gas concentrations in a water phase in contact with a gas phase with initial ASW composition at 18 °C-25 °C and it suggests an in situ, highly localized gas source. All of these four water wells tap into the Strawn Group and it is likely that small gas accumulations known to be present in the shallow subsurface were reached. Add...
Using a Recently Developed Self-Report Instrument to Assess Social Anxiety Life Interference in Individuals with Co-occurring Depression: A Known-Groups Analysis

Social anxiety is a common condition that often entails substantial adverse impacts on social, educational, and occupational functioning. Moreover, social anxiety often co-occurs with depression, making it difficult to distinguish the unique effects of each condition, which can pose a challenge to effective treatment planning and intervention. Until recently, clinicians have not had access to a validated psychometric instrument that measures the degree of life interference stemming from social anxiety, and that distinguishes life interference associated with social anxiety from that associated with depression. Fortunately, recent work has yielded a novel instrument that combines a measure of social anxiety life interference with a measure of depression life interference, providing a measure that can identify functional disruptions uniquely associated with social anxiety, and that may occur in the presence of comorbid depression. The present article reviews two studies describing the development and psychometric properties of the Social Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Inventory (SADLI-24) and adds to the existing literature by demonstrating the discriminative accuracy of the inventory using a “knowngroups” methodology. The article concludes by providing recommendations for the practical application of the SADLI-24 and suggesting future directions for research with the instrument.
RIDEing Vocabulary: Using Etienne Wenger's Community of Practice Theory to Master Word Use

Students' success in vocabulary learning is best gauged by authentic use of the targeted vocabulary in conversation and writing tasks. A vocabulary teaching approach that emphasizes meaningful repetition, relationship building, and concrete experiences encourages language development. This article explores a multi-age, multi-grade learning environment in an international school setting in Oman in the Middle East, where students' word study gradually departed from vocabulary identified as necessary according to age- and grade-level based materials and moved instead to focus on vocabulary that students needed to more appropriately describe their unique experiences in their community of practice (CoP).
Ultrasonic thermal imaging of microwave absorption

We propose a new ultrasonic imaging method for tissue differentiation based on thermal and dielectric properties of tissue. Electromagnetic radiation, when applied to tissue over a short period, causes a small temperature rise depending on tissue dielectric constant. Ultrasound speckle displacements related to this temperature change can be determined from local changes in the sound speed using speckle tracking. A more detailed analysis revealed that microwave absorption contrast and speed contrast (specifically, temperature derivative of the sound speed) are the primary contributing factors to final image contrast. In this paper, we present the theoretical background and initial experimental evaluation of this imaging modality, which suggests that it may supplement existing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging systems to identify vulnerable arterial plaque due to the strong contrast between water-bearing and lipid-bearing tissue.
Exploration of the Singlet O2 Oxidation of 8-Oxoguanine by Guided-Ion Beam Scattering and Density Functional Theory: Changes of Reaction Intermediates, Energetics, and Kinetics upon Protonation/Deprotonation and Hydration

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) is one of the most common DNA lesions resulting from reactive oxygen species and ionizing radiation, and is involved in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and cell death. Notably, 8-oxodGuo is more reactive toward singlet (a1Δg) O2 than the undamaged guanosine, and the lesions arising from the secondary oxidation of 8-oxodGuo are more mutagenic. Herein the 1O2 oxidation of free base 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) was investigated at different initial conditions including protonated [8-oxoG + H]+, deprotonated [8-oxoG – H]−, and their monohydrates. Experiment was carried out on a guided-ion beam scattering tandem mass spectrometer. Measurements include the effects of collision energy (Ecol) on reaction cross sections over a center-of-mass Ecol range from 0.1 to 0.5 eV. The aim of this study is to quantitatively probe the sensitivity of the early stage of 8-oxoG oxidation to ionization and hydration. Density functional theory and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus calculations we...
A Fine Line: Target Slope and Similarity of Distractors’ Effect on Extremum Trend Spotting

Trend lines are a powerful visualization tool for displaying data over a period of time. Previous research has shown that trend lines are encoded as a single object containing one value (a slope fo...
Getting Down in the Weeds to Get a God’s-Eye View: The Synoptic Topology of Early American Ecology

This chapter employs a case in early American ecology to propose a topological approach to technical graphics. Tracing the topos/position of the scientific observer through Roscoe Pound, Frederick E. Clements, and Henry Cowles’s formative work in botanical geography from reveals a series of shifts starting from situated, human observation and culminating in synoptic or “god’s-eye” observation. These shifts indexed crucial political dynamics in American environmental discourse—namely, the initiation of biopolitics in treating ecosystems as bodies to be governed; and, the privileging of expert observers over lay observers. The chapter concludes by noting particularities of visual shifts to synopticism that may assist rhetoricians who wish to intervene in emergent biopolitical discourses.
Delivering an MBA Management Consulting Experience.

This article reports on an innovative MBA elective consulting course that attempts to address how to better prepare inexperienced MBA students for a competitive job market. This article is a best practice paper designed to provide insights and encouragement to educators.
Recent highlights from the Telescope Array

The Telescope Array studies the properties of ultra high energy cosmic rays by measuring the extensive air showers which they induce. We do this using a variety of techniques including an array of scintillator detectors to sample the footprint of the air shower when it reaches the Earth's surface and telescopes to measure the fluorescence and Cerenkov light of the air shower. From this we determine the energy spectrum and chemical composition of the primary particles. We also search for sources of cosmic rays and anisotropy. We have found evidence of a possible source of ultra high energy cosmic rays in the northern sky. The experiment and its recent measurements are discussed.