cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of Dose and Effect of Inhaled Ozone in Resting versus Exercising Human Subjects: Comparison with Resting Rats.

To determine the influence of exercise on pulmonary dose of inhaled pollutants, we compared biomarkers of inhaled ozone (O3) dose and toxic effect between exercise levels in humans, and between humans and rats. Resting human subjects were exposed to labeled O3 (18O3, 0.4 ppm, for 2 hours) and alveolar O3 dose measured as the concentration of excess 18O in cells and extracellular material of nasal, bronchial, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We related O3 dose to effects (changes in BALF protein, LDH, IL-6, and antioxidant substances) measurable in the BALF. A parallel study of resting subjects examined lung function (FEV1) changes following O3. Subjects exposed while resting had 18O concentrations in BALF cells that were 1/5th of those of exercising subjects and directly proportional to the amount of O3 breathed during exposure. Quantitative measures of alveolar O3 dose and toxicity that were observed previously in exercising subjects were greatly reduced or non-observable in O3 exposed resting subjects. Resting rats and resting humans were found to have a similar alveolar O3 dose.
Argon retentivity of hornblendes: A field experiment in a slowly cooled metamorphic terrane

Hornblende from samples of amphibolite and granitic gneiss, collected within a single outcrop in the central Adirondacks, yield significantly different {sup 40}Ar*/{sup 39}Ark{sub K} dates of 948 {plus minus} 5 and 907 {plus minus} 5 Ma. Assuming that this terrane cooled slowly following high-grade metamorphism and that the samples have experienced the same thermal history, the difference in dates apparently reflects a corresponding difference in blocking temperature for diffusion of radiogenic argon in these hornblende samples. The Fe/(Fe + Mg + Mn) of the hornblende samples are 0.8 and 0.6, the higher ratio corresponding to the younger {sup 40}Ar*/{sup 39}Ar{sub k} date. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that both hornblende samples are homogeneous and devoid of any exsolution, but contain zones of fibrous phyllosilicates {approximately} 0.1 to 2 {mu}m wide parallelling (100) and (110). These alteration zones probably formed during post-metamorphic cooling as a result of the migration of fluids through the hornblendes, and are obvious pathways for argon escape from hornblende. As these features are more abundant in the hornblende sample with the younger {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar date and higher Fe/(Fe + Mg + Mn), they may influence the argon blocking temperature by effectively partitioning the hornblende grains intomore » diffusion domains of varying size. Biotite from the granitic gneiss yields an {sup 40}Ar*/{sup 39}Ar{sub k} date of 853 {plus minus} 2 Ma, with a mildly discordant step-heating spectrum that in part reflects the degassing of submicroscopic inclusions precipitated during alteration of the host biotite. Plagioclase from the amphibolite yields a {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar{sub k} integrated date of 734 {plus minus} 3 Ma.« less
Neural activation during anticipated peer evaluation and laboratory meal intake in overweight girls with and without loss of control eating.

The interpersonal model of loss of control (LOC) eating proposes that socially distressing situations lead to anxious states that trigger excessive food consumption. Self-reports support these links, but the neurobiological underpinnings of these relationships remain unclear. We therefore examined brain regions associated with anxiety in relation to LOC eating and energy intake in the laboratory. Twenty-two overweight and obese (BMIz: 1.9 ± 0.4) adolescent (15.8 ± 1.6 y) girls with LOC eating (LOC +, n = 10) and without LOC eating (LOC −, n = 12) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a simulated peer interaction chatroom paradigm. Immediately after the fMRI scan, girls consumed lunch ad libitum from a 10,934-kcal laboratory buffet meal with the instruction to “let yourself go and eat as much as you want.” Pre-specified hypotheses regarding activation of five regions of interest were tested. Analysis of fMRI data revealed a significant group by peer feedback interaction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), such that LOC + had less activity following peer rejection (vs. acceptance), while LOC − had increased activity (p < .005). Moreover, functional coupling between vmPFC and striatum for peer rejection (vs. acceptance) interacted with LOC status: coupling was positive for LOC +, but negative in LOC − (p < .005). Activity of fusiform face area (FFA) during negative peer feedback from high-value peers also interacted with LOC status (p < .005). A positive association between FFA activation and intake during the meal was observed among only those with LOC eating. In conclusion, overweight and obese girls with LOC eating may be distinguished by a failure to engage regions of prefrontal cortex implicated in emotion regulation in response to social distress. The relationship between FFA activation and food intake supports the notion that heightened sensitivity to incoming interpersonal cues and perturbations in socio-emotional neural circuits may lead to overeating in order to cope with negative affect elicited by social discomfort in susceptible youth.
Electrophilic lactonization as a tool in acyclic stereocontrol. Synthesis of serricornin

Abstract Several electrophilic lactonization procedures have been explored as a means of functionalizing olefinic carboxylic acids with relative asymmetric induction, Iodolactonization of δ,ϵ -unsaturated acids under conditions of thermodynamic control exhibits good 1,2- and 1,3-, but not 1,4-induction in the formation of δ-lactones. Mercurilactonization proceeds with good stereocontrol in the formation of both γ- and δ-lactones (1,2-induction), but suffers from the difficulty of elimination during reductive demercuration; phenylselenolactonization with N-(phenylseleno)phthalimide is apparently kinetically controlled, affording high induction with 10 , a strongly sterically biased substrate leading to a δ-lactone, but not with 16 , which leads to a γ-lactone. In contrast, hydroxymethyllactonization proceeds with good stereocontrol in the case of 26 , the ester of 10 , but not with the analogous ester of 16 . The lactones resulting from cyclization of 10 and 13 were converted in stereospecific fashion into each of the stereoisomers of(±)-serricornin.
The symbolization of eggs in American culture: a sociologic analysis.

Objective: To demonstrate that the recent decline in egg consumption in the United States was, in part, the result of a food scare that began in the 1960’s.Methods: Using the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature, the frequency of articles about eggs, dietary cholesterol and heart disease in popular magazines was obtained. A content analysis was performed on a random sample of these articles.Results: The increased trend in magazine articles and public statements by groups such as the American Heart Association linking eggs, blood cholesterol and heart disease is associated with the downward trend in egg consumption.Conclusions: Public exposure to negative messages about particular foods can contribute to a decline in their consumption. Exposure to more consistently positive messages about foods can bring about an increase in the consumption of those foods.
Genotype classification and molecular evidence for the presence of mixed infections in Indian Citrus tristeza virus isolates

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is usually present in field trees as a mixture or complex of isolates. Different biological types of CTV exist in India and this affects disease incidence and yield in the various citrus growing areas. Genotypic profiles were determined for 21 Indian CTV isolates. Of the 21 isolates, 15 contained only the VT genotype. The other isolates contained mixtures of either T30 or T3 with VT or T30, T3 and VT genotypes. One exception was isolate BAN-1, which contained a mixture of T36, T30 and T3 genotypes. Sequence diversity of Indian CTV isolates was determined by characterization in the k17 region of ORF 1a and the overlapping region of RdRp, gene p33, and sequence differences were utilized to identify group-specific genome features. A phylogenetic analysis of these regions divided the isolates into five distinct groups. There was a general trend for severe isolates to cluster into one of four groups and mild isolates into the fifth group. All the sequences from the two different regions of the CTV genome showed nucleotide identity to either VT, T30 or T36 isolates and confirmed the mixed infection of mild isolates with severe CTV isolates from three distinct geographical citrus growing regions in India.
Machine learning aid for knowledge engineering: learning new plans for Pilot's Associate

DARPA and Lockheed's Pilot's Associate (PA) represents one of the largest and most complex artificially intelligent systems constructed to date. Its architecture of five modular, cooperative expert systems posses a knowledge engineering problem unique in its scope, though not in its basic nature. The knowledge bases for each of PA's modules will be very large, constantly changing (in response to new tactics and new technological capabilities), and highly specialized for the task of the specific module. For efficiency, each module must contain only that knowledge necessary for its task, yet for cooperation, each system's knowledge must be consistent with the others'. Machine learning approaches hold the promise of greatly reducing knowledge acquisition and knowledge engineering time and of making the entire PA system more flexible, more accurate, and more consistent. We present the results of a three-year program investigating an Explanation-Based Learning approach to acquiring new plans from a simulator-based learning scenario and then propagating this knowledge to two of the five PA modules--as a tactical plan which focuses on changing world states for the Tactics Planner module, and as a list of pilot information needs for the dynamic display configuration algorithm used in the Pilot-Vehicle Interface module.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The role of phosphorus restriction in the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal disease.

In normal man, the serum phosphate concentration is maintained within a narrow range, despite random and spontaneous variations in phosphorus ingestion. On an average diet in the United States, the intake of elemental phosphorus approximates one gram per day. Of this amount, about 30% is excreted through the gastrointestinal tract and 70%, or about 700mg/day, is excreted by the kidneys. To effect this rate of excretion with a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), some 15% of the filtered load of phosphate must be excreted; the tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) thus is equal to about 85% of the filtered load. The absolute value for TRP will vary depending upon the amount of phosphate requiring excretion, and the primary effector element in the control system which governs phosphate homeostasis appears to be parathyroid hormone (PTH). Most studies indicate that the modulation of tubular reabsorption of phosphate takes place in the proximal tubule [1–3], although some investigators have presented evidence suggesting distal participation in phosphate reabsorption [4, 5].
On adjusting for risk changes when assessing the profitability effects of regulatory changes

Abstract Since regulatory changes affect the profitability and the systematic risk of regulated firms, standard ‘residual’ analysis may not uncover the true impact of regulatory changes. This paper presents a method, based on the CAPM which uses pre- and post regulatory change information, to differentiate risk from profit related changes in stock market valuations.
Photodegradable vinyl plastics. II. Effect of arylmethyl halides, phenyl halomethyl ketones, and haloalkene additives

Three classes of active halogen compounds were effective in promoting photodegradation of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene. The classes are arylmethyl halides, phenyl halomethyl ketones, and haloalkenes. The additives were blended with the polymers and fabricated into films which were irradiated 66–200 hr with a 275-watt RS sunlamp. Photo-oxidation, as determined by IR spectroscopy, was used as a measure of photodegradation. The relationship between the structure of the additive and its effectiveness as a photoinitiator within each of the three classes of compounds is discussed. In general, photoactivated polystyrene was degraded the most, followed by polypropylene and then polyethylene. Viscosity measurements on irradiated polystyrene containing the additives showed significantly greater molecular weight loss than a polystyrene control.
Preliminary Assessment of Lower Landing Minima Capabilities in the Small Aircraft Transportation System Program

A preliminary assessment is presented of the required lower landing minima (LLM) capabilities needed to support the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) Program. The goal of this analysis is to understand the number of potentially challenged SATS airports and to identify methods to remove obstacles by using technology solutions. Four obstacle removal methods are considered to assess the challenges faced by the SATS Program in providing LLM capabilities to 3,416 U.S. airports. Two views of runway obstacle analysis are presented: a critical object analysis and a detailed multiobject analysis that includes terrain information. A comparison is made between decision altitudes (DAs) derived by approach lighting infrastructure and glide path angle thresholds and DA values considering other airport characteristics such as terrain. A detailed case study is presented to compare the single critical object analysis with the more detailed multiobject analysis, which was performed for Blacksburg Airport, in Virg...
Evolutionary relationships of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) with its temperate and tropical relatives

llozymes in bud tissue and monoterpene contents in xylem oleoresin of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) were analyzed from populations across the natural distribution, as well as those from other species in the AUSTRALES pines. Allozyme diversity measures of slash pine were similar to those found in other southern pines. The two slash pine varieties, the slower-growing south Florida variety (var. densa) and the more commercial ";typical"; variety (var. elliottii), were not separated in the cluster analysis of allozymes. Variation was continuous from south to north in Florida in slash pine, with no distinct transition between the two varieties. The monoterpene data also showed continuous variation between the two slash pine varieties. Expected heterozygosity declined from south to north, supporting the hypothesis that slash pine resided in a Pleistocene refugium in south Florida or the Caribbean, migrating northward at the close of the ice age. Allozyme frequencies as well as monoterpene compositions of slash pine and its AUSTRALES relatives showed a very close relationship between slash pine and Bahamian Caribbean pine (P. caribaea Morelet var bahamensis). Southern African Forestry Journal No.190 2001: 73-78
SPEARMAN'S FOOTRULE AS A MEASURE OF AGREEMENT

Spearman's footrule measure of the relationship between two sets of ranks is shown to be a chance-corrected measure of agreement. The footrule is generalized to include tied ranks and a comparison with Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient is provided. Procedures to determine the nonasymptotic probability of the footrule with tied ranks are presented.
Cell Based Radioimmunoassays to Quantitate the Immunoreactivity of TNT Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Intracellular Antigens

Abstract Direct and indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures to determine the amount of binding of a mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reactive with an intracellular antigen present in human cells are described. In these RIAs, mouse IgG2a MoAb, designated as Tumor Necrosis Treatment (TNT-1) antibody, paraformaldehyde/acetone fixed cells, and Sephadex beads were used to standardize the assay conditions. In the direct RIA, 83% of the 125I-labeled TNT-1 MoAb was bound to the target cells within 30 min after the addition of reagents. The amount of binding of the MoAb was directly proportional to the amount of antigen present in the assay. When the direct RIA was carried out using different types of target cells, 125I-labeled TNT-1 MoAb showed greater than 70% binding. In the indirect RIA, the amount of binding of secondary 125I-labeled goat antimouse IgG anti body to the target cells was linear. These results suggest that the indirect RIA can be used to estimate the immunoreactivity of the unlabeled TNT-1 Mo...
Oxidation of cooked ground beef links from cattle fed distiller's grains in different phases of production

Heifers were randomly assigned to a dietary treatment in a 2 X 2 design factorial that included 2 or 5 lb/head/ day (DM basis) supplementation of wet distillers grains during the winter backgrounding phase and finished on a corn based diet with 40% dietary inclusion (DM basis) of either Sweet Bran or modified wet distillers grains. During the summer months, all cattle were supplemented with modified wet distillers grains at a rate of 0.6% of BW. A total of 16 USDA Choice clods, four carcasses from each dietary treatment group, were collected. Each clod was independently ground 14 days post-harvest. Beef (with no fat content formulation) and non-meat ingredients, 0.75% sodium chloride and 0.25% sodium phosphate, were mixed for one minute and the mixture was stuffed into skinless links using a piston stuffer. Links were placed in individual foil trays for each clod and cooked in a smokehouse to an internal temperature of 160°F. The links were placed in zip-top bags with the presence of oxygen and placed in refrigerated dark storage. Lipid oxidation was evaluated on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis. Data were analyzed as a 2 X 2 factorial with repeated measures (day) using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, N.C.).
Role of haemoglobin in the protection of reduced glutathione against destruction by 'oxidant' drugs.

THE fact that the administration of haemolytic drugs such as primaquine results in methaemoglobin formation1, as well as in the destruction of reduced glutathione (GSH)2, has suggested that there might be a causal relationship between these alterations in the erythrocyte. Harley and Robin3 have proposed that oxyhaemoglobin serves as a redox buffer system which protects GSH against oxidation by nitrite. If this concept may be extended to oxidation by aromatic drugs4, one might expect that the GSH of methaemoglobin-containing cells would be more susceptible to destruction than that of oxyhaemoglobin-containing cells, the buffer system no longer being active. Studies of the effect of intracellular methaemoglobin formation on the stability of red cell GSH have not, to our knowledge, been reported previously.
Representation of Information about Family Relatives as Structured Data in Electronic Health Records

Background: The ability to manage and leverage family history information in the electronic health record (EHR) is crucial to delivering high-quality clinical care. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate existing standards in representing relative information, examine this information documented in EHRs, and develop a natural language processing (NLP) application to extract relative information from free-text clinical documents. Methods: We reviewed a random sample of 100 admission notes and 100 discharge summaries of 198 patients, and also reviewed the structured entries for these patients in an EHR system’s family history module. We investigated the two standards used by Stage 2 of Meaningful Use (SNOMED CT and HL7 Family History Standard) and identified coverage gaps of each standard in coding relative information. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the MTERMS NLP system in identifying relative information from free-text documents. Results: The structure and content of SNOMED CT and HL7 for representing relative information are different in several ways. Both terminologies have high coverage to represent local relative concepts built in an ambulatory EHR system, but gaps in key concept coverage were detected; coverage rates for relative information in free-text clinical documents were 95.2% and 98.6%, respectively. Compared to structured entries, richer family history information was only available in free-text documents. Using a comprehensive lexicon that included concepts and terms of relative information from different sources, we expanded the MTERMS NLP system to extract and encode relative information in clinical documents and achieved a corresponding precision of 100% and recall of 97.4%. Conclusions: Comprehensive assessment and user guidance are critical to adopting standards into EHR systems in a meaningful way. A significant portion of patients’ family history information is only documented in free-text clinical documents and NLP can be used to extract this information.
New inhibitors of thrombin and other trypsin-like proteases: hydrogen bonding of an aromatic cyano group with a backbone amide of the P1 binding site replaces binding of a basic side chain.

Highly effective thrombin inhibitors have been obtained by preparing boronic acid analogues of m-cyano-substituted phenylalanine and its incorporation into peptides. The cyano group enhances binding by several orders of magnitude. For example, Ac-(d)Phe-Pro-boroPheOH binds to thrombin with a Ki of 320 nM and the Ki of Ac-(d)Phe-Pro-boroPhe(m-CN)-OH is 0.79 nM. Protein crystal structure determination of trypsin complexed to H-(d)Phe-Pro-boroPhe(m-CN)-OH indicates that the aromatic side chain is bound in the P1 binding site and that the cyano group can act as a H-bond acceptor for the amide proton of Gly219. Enhanced binding for inhibitors containing the m-cyano group was observed for coagulation factor Xa and for the factor VIIa·tissue factor complex [Ki values of Ac-(d)Phe-Pro-boroPhe(mCN)-OH are 760 and 3.3 nM, respectively]. This result is consistent with the sequence homology of these two enzymes in the P1 binding site. Two enzymes lacking the strict homology in the P1 binding site, pancreatic kallikre...
Does Channel Incision Affect In‐stream Habitat? Examining the Effects of Multiple Geomorphic Variables on Fish Habitat

Incised river channels are dynamic components of fluvial systems, represent geomorphic degradation, and are encountered worldwide. Ecological effects of incision can be far-reaching, affecting habitat availability and channel processes. Although incision can reflect habitat degradation, some studies suggest that important in-stream habitats do not differ with the degree of incision. Therefore, we tested whether in-stream habitat variables that are important to imperiled fishes differ in river reaches with varying degrees of incision. Because incision (measured using entrenchment ratio) had no discernable effect on in-stream habitat characteristics (i.e., proportion fines, gravel, cobble, and macrophyte occurrence and length), we expanded our analysis to assess the effects of 29 additional geomorphic variables on in-stream habitat. These analyses indicated that bank height, bed mobility, D84, cross-sectional area, bankfull width, and wetted perimeter accounted for 42% of macrophyte occurrence and 64% of macrophyte length variance. Postflood surveys indicated that macrophyte occurrence on cobble declined as bank height and bed mobility increased, and sediment size decreased, suggesting that sediment size and bed mobility have a stronger influence on in-stream habitat than incision. Although channel incision often indicates environmental degradation, important aspects of habitat are not described by this measurement. Strategies that depend on incision to identify restoration sites may have limited habitat benefits in Southeastern Piedmont streams and rivers. Instead, landscape or shoal-scale restoration approaches that increase coarse sediment proportions may increase macrophyte occurrence, length, and persistence. Sediment budgets that identify coarse and fine sediment sources and transport may be useful to prioritize restoration approaches.
Mass Spectrometric Evidence for an Alternate Disulfide Bond in Chloroplast Fructose Bisphosphatase.

Mass mapping analysis based on cyanylation (CN) of the protein and CN-induced cleavage indicates that all three cysteine residues in the insertion into the light-activated pea leaf chloroplast fructose bisphosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.11) are able to participate in disulfide bond formation. There is a major peak in the mass spectrum of the cleavage products indicating that Cys173 forms a disulfide bond with Cys153, consistent with the structure of the oxidized enzyme in PDB files 1d9q and 1dcu, and a minor peak indicating that Cys173 forms an alternate disulfide bond with Cys178. The Cys173–Cys178 disulfide bond was not apparent in the available crystal structures.
Asymmetric Synthesis via Acetal Templates. 14.1 Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure (3S,4S)- and (3S,4R)-Statine Derivatives

Abstract Several (3S,4S)- and (3S,4R)-statine derivatives have been prepared by attack of nucleophiles on crystalline, epimeric N-BOC-lactams 7a and 7b . The key step in the synthesis of the lactams was the TiCl 4 -catalyzed coupling reactions of acetals derived from (R)-1,3-butanediol with allyltrimethylsilane. Several enantiometrically pure (3 S ,4 S - and (3 S , 4 R )-statine derivatives were made by sodium cyanide-catalyzed reaction of nucleophiles with the lactams 3a and 3b which were synthesized by the scheme 1 → 2 → 3 .
On Syōnos Initial stages of Typhogenesis

Dear Sir , In a recent paper in Tellus ( SY?NO, 1953) a physical picture of a typhoon model is presented. First, it is questioned whether the stages described by Sy?no should be referred to as “typhogenesis”. He states that: “It is well-known that at the initial typhogenetical stage, there occur numerous scattered local convective showers and squalls, but no systematic wind. Then we may assume that there is no mean systematic converging current within the region, where the typhoon is about to form.” DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1954.tb01111.x
The electrodermal response as a model for central sympathetic reactivity: the action of clonidine.

Abstract Electrodermal responses (EDR) were evoked centrally by stimulation of reactive loci in the posterior hypothalamus and peripherally by stimulation of the distal portion of the sectioned median or ulnar nerve. Moderate doses of clonidine (3–30 μg/kg, i.v.) reduced the amplitude of the centrally evoked EDR while having no effect on the peripherally evoked responses. This central action of clonidine occured concomitantly with the clonidine-induced bradycardia and hypotension. Administration of clonidine shifted the centrally evoked EDR frequency-response to the right in a dose related manner at 3, 10 and 30 μg/kg, i.v. 1 μg/kg was without effect on these responses. This central depressant action of clonidine was partially reversed following administration of yohimbine (0.5–1.0 μg/kg, i.v.). These results suggest that clonidine inhibits central reactivity in this sympathetic-cholinergic system in a manner analogous to its action on other sympathetic systems, and that a central adrenergic inhibitory mechanism may be involved.
Noticing and Naming as Social Practice: Examining the Relevance of a Contextualized Field-Based Early Childhood Literacy Methods Course

This qualitative study examines what early childhood preservice teachers enrolled in a field-based literacy methods course deemed relevant regarding teaching, literacy, and learning. This study is based on postcourse interviews with 7 early childhood preservice teachers. Findings suggest that contextualized field experiences facilitate preservice teachers' development of “noticing and naming” as a social practice. Early childhood preservice teachers developed understandings regarding early literacy learning, teaching, and the nuanced but powerful ways learning and identity are linked to early childhood literacy learning. Implications include the need for more contextualized learning experiences in early childhood teacher education.
Modeling desired behaviors: do leaders need new technology?

Purpose – Leaders model behaviors they want followers to emulate, and they use various technologies to enhance their message, but which tools are most effective? Using two studies, this paper sets out to compare the effectiveness of newer and older computer technologies used by leaders for describing and demonstrating desired behaviors.Design/methodology/approach – The first study, an interdisciplinary experimental design, involved 110 students across two college campuses and data were analyzed using a 2 (modeling and no modeling)×2 (older and newer technology) between‐subjects ANOVA. The second study further explored modeling with both technologies on one campus, and data were analyzed with independent samples t‐tests.Findings – Newer technology was more effective than older technology in increasing desired behaviors but only when coupled with modeling of those behaviors by the leader. However, after the novelty of the new technology had worn off, no significant difference in production of desired behavi...
Voltammetric evaluation of the stability of trichloride, tribromide, and triiodide ions in nitromethane, acetone, and acetonitrile

Abstract : The formation constants of trichloride, tribromide, and triiodide ions in acetonitrile and tribromide and triiodide ions in nitromethane and in acetone have been evaluated from electrochemical data. In addition, lower limits for the formation constant of the trichloride ion in acetone and in nitromethane have been calculated. The order of stability of the trihalides in these three aprotic solvents is Cl3(-) > Br3(-) > I3-, the reverse of that found in water. (Author)
Statistical hypothesis testing for dot-matrix type products

In this paper, we develop statistical hypothesis testing procedures for determining whether manufacturing processes of dot-matrix type products is considered to be currently passing its quality validation test. We provide a test statistic and a rejection region for a given Type I error probability for: 1) the case where the observed quality characteristic has a normal distribution; 2) the case where the observed quality characteristic has a uniform distribution. In addition to developing these hypothesis testing procedures, we also develop procedures for determining the sample size required for a specified Type II error probability. The proposed methods can be applied to a variety of products made up of identical components or items. Such products include candies in a box, light emitting diode (LED), traffic lights, charge coupled device (CCD) sensors, monitors, scanners, etc. Illustrative examples are provided.
The role of the high school professional in identifying and managing adolescent suicidal behavior.

The ongoing contact of adolescents with high school staff may provide an opportunity for the early identification and effective management of suicidal behavior. In this study, the knowledge, attitude, and experience of 80 high school professionals regarding adolescent suicide were assessed through semistructured personal interviews. Respondents identified more than 30 signs of potential vulnerability — manifestations of depression, verbal and written cues, isolation, and self-destructive behaviors. Among predisposing factors, those related to alienation within the family were most prominent. Other important risk factors were low self-esteem, difficulty in peer relationships, and economic or ethnic differences from other students. When suicidal behaviors occurred, respondents saw students and staff as attempting to be helpful; families were more often viewed as defensive.
Factors that affect the kinetic and thermodynamic acidities of Fischer carbene complexes: New insights from the study of the cationic (methoxymethylcarbene)dicarbonylpentamethylcyclopentadienyl iron ([Cp*(CO)2FeC(OMe)Me]+) in aqueous acetonitrile ☆

Abstract A kinetic study of the reversible deprotonation of [Cp*(CO) 2 Fe C(OMe)Me] + ( 16H + ) by primary aliphatic amines, secondary alicyclic amines and carboxylate ions in 50% MeCN–50% water (v/v) at 25 °C is reported. A p K a value of 8.25 for 16H + was determined kinetically. Intrinsic rate constants, k 0 for each buffer family were obtained by suitable extrapolation or interpolation of the corresponding Bronsted plots; they are log k 0 RNH 2 = 2.64 , log k 0 R 2 NH = 2.99 and log k 0 RCOO = 3.42 , respectively. A major focus of this paper is a discussion of how structural variations of Fischer carbenes affect their acidities and intrinsic rate constants for proton transfer and how the results obtained for 16H + add new insights into the interplay of these structural factors. These factors include the charge type of the carbene complex, the metal/ligand combination, the π-donor group attached to the carbene carbon, the push–pull resonance effect in conjunction with the metal moiety, the π-acceptor groups attached to the carbene carbon, and the potential for aromaticity/antiaromaticity of the conjugate base.
Rapid prototyping based on variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding for a 5356 aluminium alloy

This paper presents a new deposition process for directly building cylindrical parts of the 5356 aluminium alloy with variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding (VPGTAW). The relationship between the geometric sizes of the deposited layer and the welding parameters is investigated. A machine vision sensor is used to monitor and control the arc length that is a key welding parameter in the achievement of a uniform deposition. By optimizing the depositing speed and the thickness of the depositing layer, there is no need for a cooling system to cool the part. Three-dimensional parts with diVerent wall thicknesses and diVerent shapes are successfully obtained. The surfaces of the deposited parts are smooth and uniform.
Use of emergency department transcranial Doppler assessment of reperfusion after intravenous tPA for ischemic stroke.

Abstract Background: Thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) has been associated with significant improvements in clinical outcomes when initiated within 3 h of symptom onset. Although adjunctive therapies for acute stroke have been developed, challenges remain in identifying appropriate patients and therapeutic end-point measurements. Objective: To describe the use of transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring in the Emergency Department (ED) to guide the decision for advanced reperfusion strategies after failure of IV-tPA. Case Report: A 75-year-old man presented to the ED within 50 min after the acute onset of right-sided hemiparesis and aphasia. After administration of IV-tPA, there was no immediate improvement in neurological symptoms. TCD performed in the ED demonstrated persistent left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Based on this information, the patient received intra-arterial tPA followed by mechanical thrombectomy of the MCA occlusion, resulting in clinical improvement of the patient's right hemiparesis and aphasia. Conclusion: TCD is a feasible assessment tool for use in the ED to aid in diagnosis and to guide treatment decisions in patients with acute ischemic stroke, including those not responding to IV-tPA therapy.
Response of testosterone to prolonged aerobic exercise during different phases of the menstrual cycle

Purpose To examine the androgen response to exercise in women under conditions of high (H) and low (L) estrogen (E2) levels.
Cytology of thymomas: emphasis on morphology and correlation with histologic subtypes.

BACKGROUND Aspirates of thymomas are distinguishable from other lesions and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a proven method for investigating mediastinal masses. METHODS Thirty-four cytology specimens of thymomas from 31 patients were examined. Corresponding surgical materials were available in 32 cases. Ten cases were benign and 22 were malignant. Cytologic features of these thymomas were correlated with various histologic classification systems and with biologic behavior. Dual epithelial and lymphoid populations and irregular cohesive tissue fragments of varying proportions of lymphoid and epithelial cells were characteristic of all aspirates. RESULTS Using the Lattes-Bernatz classification, 10 cases predominately were lymphocytic, 3 cases predominately were epithelial, 3 cases predominately were spindle, 15 cases predominately were mixed, and 1 case was a thymic carcinoma. In the Muller-Hermelink classification, 3 cases were medullary, 12 were mixed, 8 predominately were cortical, 2 were cortical, 6 were well differentiated thymic carcinoma, and 1 was a poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma. In the majority of the cases the epithelial cells were round to oval. Spindle cells and a mixture of round to oval and spindle cells also were observed. No cytologic feature was found to correlate significantly with any classification scheme. Necrosis was present in 5 of the 32 aspirates, most frequently in malignant tumors. Thymomas showing predominately spindle cells frequently were encapsulated. Tumors with predominantly round to oval cells or a mixed population behaved more aggressively than those with spindle cells. Tumors that were well encapsulated and benign clinically tended to possess benign-appearing nuclei. Among the 22 invasive or malignant lesions, 8 exhibited moderate to marked cytologic atypia and 14 showed little or no atypia. No atypia was observed in benign tumors. CONCLUSIONS The presence of cytologic atypia of epithelial cells may be helpful in predicting aggressiveness. However, the absence of atypia and necrosis may not imply a benign course. Correlation with clinical and radiographic findings should be sought. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2000;90:24–32. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Design and development of volatile analysis system for analog field test of lunar exploration mission

Abstract The recent evidence of water in the lunar crater Cabeus from the LCROSS mission (Colaprete et al., 2010) provides confirmation of a valuable resource on the lunar surface. To understand this resource and the impact it can have on future exploration, further information is needed on the distribution and availability of the water ice. The Lunar Advanced Volatile Analysis (LAVA) subsystem is a part of the Regolith & Environment Science and Oxygen & Lunar Volatile Extraction (RESOLVE) payload, designed to provide ground truth to the volatile distribution near the permanently shadowed regions on the lunar surface. The payload is designed to drill and extract a regolith core sample, heat the regolith to drive off the volatiles, and identify and quantify the volatile resources. The LAVA subsystem is specifically responsible for processing and analyzing the volatile gas sample from the lunar regolith sample. The main objective of this paper is to provide insight into the operations and hardware for volatile analysis developed and deployed at the 2012 RESOLVE Field Test on the slopes of Mauna Kea. The vision of employing Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) and modified COTS hardware to lower the cost for mission-enabling field tests will be highlighted. This paper will discuss how the LAVA subsystem hardware supported several high level RESOLVE mission objectives to demonstrate the challenging lunar mission concept proposed.
Analysis of the Ac transposable element dosage effect in maize

Evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that the odd dosage effect characteristic of the Ac transposable element results from competition between multiple Ac elements for a limited gene-activating factor. The behavior of a weakly competing derivative of Ac is described.
SU‐FF‐T‐210: Electron Beam Dosimetry Using a Computed Radiography System

Purpose: To investigate the ability of the Kodak 2000RT computed radiography(CR) system to accurately measure electron beam isodoses. Method and Materials: The Kodak 2000RT CR reader and Agfa MD‐10 CR plate were used to measure electron beam dose distributions and the results were compared to EDR2 film. The film was scanned by a Vidar dosimetry Pro scanner. The CR plate or film was oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the electron beam. Electron energies of 6, 12, and 20 MeV were used, delivered by a Varian 2100C. Field sizes of 4×4, 10×10, and 25×25 cm square were used. Calibration of the CR plate or film was performed with perpendicular and parallel irradiation techniques for comparison. Calibration curves as a function of beam energy and field size were compared between CR and film. Results: The CR system was able to reproduce electron beam isodoses spatially within 2mm of those from film. CR is very sensitive and easily demonstrates the x‐ray contamination beyond the range of the electrons. CR dose response differences were found between parallel and perpendicular irradiation geometries but little difference as a function of energy or field size.Conclusion: The Kodak 2000RT CR system is capable of accurately measuring dose distributions from electron beamirradiation.Conflict of Interest: This work was supported by Eastman Kodak.
Integrating Libertarian Paternalism Into Paternalistic Leadership The Choice Architecture of H. J. Heinz

Extant theory suggests that paternalistic leadership is not a unified construct and that benevolent paternalistic and exploitative paternalistic leader styles are independent. However, this represe...
Integrating Tqm into E-Commerce

Integrating total quality management into E-commerce can benefit various segments of the E-commerce economy. This article discusses various quality issues in E-commerce and also provides a guideline for building a TQM-based E-commerce community.
C-terminal sequences outside the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of FKBP51 and FKBP52 cause differential binding to Hsp90.

Hsp90 assembles with steroid receptors and other client proteins in association with one or more Hsp90-binding cochaperones, some of which contain a common tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Included in the TPR cochaperones are the Hsp70-Hsp90-organizing protein Hop, the FK506-binding immunophilins FKBP52 and FKBP51, the cyclosporin A-binding immunophilin CyP40, and protein phosphatase PP5. The TPR domains from these proteins have similar x-ray crystallographic structures and target cochaperone binding to the MEEVD sequence that terminates Hsp90. However, despite these similarities, the TPR cochaperones have distinctive properties for binding Hsp90 and assembling with Hsp90.steroid receptor complexes. To identify structural features that differentiate binding of FKBP51 and FKBP52 to Hsp90, we generated an assortment of truncation mutants and chimeras that were compared for coimmunoprecipitation with Hsp90. Although the core TPR domain (approximately amino acids 260-400) of FKBP51 and FKBP52 is required for Hsp90 binding, the C-terminal 60 amino acids (approximately 400-end) also influence Hsp90 binding. More specifically, we find that amino acids 400-420 play a critical role for Hsp90 binding by either FKBP. Within this 20-amino acid region, we have identified a consensus sequence motif that is also present in some other TPR cochaperones. Additionally, the final 30 amino acids of FKBP51 enhance binding to Hsp90, whereas the corresponding region of FKBP52 moderates binding to Hsp90. Taking into account the x-ray crystal structure for FKBP51, we conclude that the C-terminal regions of FKBP51 and FKBP52 outside the core TPR domains are likely to assume alternative conformations that significantly impact Hsp90 binding.
Financing Takeovers: Junk Bonds and Leverage Buyouts

Corporate takeovers have become a prominent feature of global business. Merger and acquisition activity in the United States alone climbed from $32 billion in 1980 to $300 billion in 1988, an annual rate of increase of 32 percent. The individual size of these transactions has reached an all‐time high. Any company, whatever its size, may be vulnerable as a target.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 196

Abstract Nuclear structure data for mass chain A = 196 available up to September 1, 1978, are included in this compilation. Level and gamma properties obtained from various reaction and decay experiments are presented in tabulations and drawings of level schemes. Inconsistencies and discrepancies are noted, and adopted values for level and gamma-ray properties are given.
Absorption of Sodium Bisulfite from Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions

Toxic symptoms have been observed in using peritoneal dialysis fluids containing 7 per cent dextrose. The one ingredient suspected as a possible cause of toxicity is sodium bisulfite, present in concentrations of 500mg./L. On reviewing the literature it was obvious that in the quantities this fluid may be used—as much as 10–12L. per day—the amount of bisulfite would be dangerous if appreciable absorption occurs from the dialysis fluid. Five rabbits were injected intraperitoneally with the dialysis fluid containing a portion of the bisulfite labeled with S 35 . Blood levels and urinary excretions were measured, and tissue distribution was evaluated. Rapid absorption occurs from the peritoneum, and the ability of the organism to remove the bisulfite via oxidation or urinary excretion is lost as the blood levels are increased. Thus, the conclusion is that the use of 500mg./L. of sodium bisulfite in peritoneal dialysis fluids is dangerous and should be discontinued.
Clinical Features of Microsporidiosis in Patients with AIDS

Microsporidia are protozoan parasites responsible for significant gastrointestinal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. We report the clinical features of 20 patients with chronic diarrhea for whom microsporidian spores were identified by modified trichrome staining of stool smears and confirmed by biopsy and/or electron microscopy of stool. Of the 18 microsporidian protozoa identified to the species level, 14 (78%) were Enterocytozoon bieneusi and four (22%) were Septata intestinalis. The mean CD4 count in these patients was 35 +/- 29 cells/mm3. Parameters of absorption, specifically absorption of fat and D-xylose, and levels of zinc were strikingly abnormal in patients who were tested. Treatment with albendazole led to clinical responses in six of 10 patients, and dietary manipulation resulted in clinical improvement in eight of nine patients. We recommended that patients with chronic, intermittent diarrhea and CD4 counts of < 100 cells/mm3 be further evaluated for microsporidia by modified trichrome staining of stool and light and electron microscopy of small bowel biopsy specimens. Antiprotozoal therapies are currently experimental, but some patients who have been treated with these therapies have dramatic responses. We also recommend that special attention be paid to the measurement of parameters of absorption with appropriate modification of diet.
Blocky calcite cement from the Suwannee Terrane: Evidence for mixing of middle to high latitude meteoric and sea water

Blocky calcite cement from the Suwannee Terrane, an exotic terrane juxtaposed against Gondwanaland during the Ordovician and now located in Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, has δ13C = −7.8 to −16.5‰ PDB and δ18O = −6.8 to −11.6‰ PDB. This cement is interpreted to have formed during sulfate reduction, which is supported by the coeval presence of pyrite and non-ferroan calcite cement. Isotopic values define part of a mixing line between calcite cements precipitated from marine, organic carbon-dominated and meteoric, inorganic-carbon dominated fluids.