cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced expression of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphatase gene in human breast tumor cells

The expression of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphatase (8-oxo-dGTPase) gene in human breast tumors was evaluated at the level of the single cell to better understand how breast tumor cells regulate expression in response to oxidative stress. Compared to normal breast ductal cells, the level of 8-oxo-dGTPase expression in the breast tumor cells increased from non-detectable levels in normal breast to expression in 30–85% of the tumor cells in individual tumors. There was no significant association between 8-oxo-dGTPase expression and tumor grade and metastatic malignancy. The upregulation of 8-oxo-dGTPase was not directly linked to the expression of cyclins D1 and D3, estrogen receptor, p53, Ki-67 and c-erbB-2, which are genes involved in cell cycle regulation and tumor growth. The elevated expression of 8-oxo-dGTPase in human breast ductal carcinoma cells appears to be a general characteristic of breast tumors and may provide the tumor cell with a cellular defense mechanism to prevent the incorporation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine during DNA replication.
Differential effects of three canonical Toxoplasma strains on gene expression in human neuroepithelial cells

Strain type is one of the key factors suspected to play a role in determining the outcome of Toxoplasma infection. In this study, we examined the transcriptional profile of human neuroepithelioma cells in response to representative strains of Toxoplasma by using microarray analysis to characterize the strain-specific host cell response. The study of neural cells is of interest in light of the ability of Toxoplasma to infect the brain and to establish persistent infection within the central nervous system. We found that the extents of the expression changes varied considerably among the three strains. Neuroepithelial cells infected with Toxoplasma type I exhibited the highest level of differential gene expression, whereas type II-infected cells had a substantially smaller number of genes which were differentially expressed. Cells infected with type III exhibited intermediate effects on gene expression. The three strains also differed in the individual genes and gene pathways which were altered following cellular infection. For example, gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that type I infection largely affects genes related to the central nervous system, while type III infection largely alters genes which affect nucleotide metabolism; type II infection does not alter the expression of a clearly defined set of genes. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) suggests that the three lineages differ in the ability to manipulate their host; e.g., they employ different strategies to avoid, deflect, or subvert host defense mechanisms. These observed differences may explain some of the variation in the neurobiological effects of different strains of Toxoplasma on infected individuals.
Imaging rings in Ring Imaging Cherenkov counters

The general concepts used to form images in Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) counters are described and their performance properties compared. Particular attention is paid to issues associated with imaging in the time dimension, especially in Detectors of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC).
Analysis of Cold Airmass Temperature Modification across the U.S. Great Plains as a Consequence of Snow Depth and Albedo

Abstract The presence of snow cover has been shown to modify atmospheric conditions through much of the earth’s troposphere due to its radiative effects. Snow cover has garnered much attention in recent decades as a result of concerns associated with potential changes in the global environment that may be intensified by the presence or absence of a snow cover. As a result, a greater emphasis has been placed on the representation of snow cover in weather and climate prediction models. This study investigates the effects of snow albedo and snow depth on the modification of surface air temperatures within cold air masses moving across the U.S. Great Plains in winter. Through the adaptation of a one-dimensional snowpack model, the thermal characteristics of the core of a cold air mass were derived from the equation governing the heat balance between the surface and the lower atmosphere. The methodology was based on the premise that the core of a cold air mass may be considered homogeneous and not subject to a...
Effects of Religiosity and Selected Variables on the Perception of Well-Being

(1994). Effects of Religiosity and Selected Variables on the Perception of Well-Being. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 134, No. 3, pp. 403-405.
Transient analysis of the AGS-booster ring dipole and quadrupole magnet system

A case study has been conducted for the quantitative analysis of the transmission line effects in the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) booster ring dipole and quadrupole magnet string. The booster is a rapid cycling synchrotron (7.5Hz) which is excited by multiphase rectifier power supplies. A computer model and a simulation program were developed to study the transient current response of the magnet string due to an applied step voltage. To damp out the staircase noise caused by wave reflection during the current ramp, external resistors will be added in parallel with each half dipole magnet and each quadrupole magnet. The system model and simulation values are based on the actual magnet parameters, the magnet power supply bus system, and the proposed current ramping rate. The system simulation approach is discussed. >
Content Addressable Memory for Low-Power and High-Performance Applications

A low-power 11-transistor Content Addressable Memory (CAM) cell is presented for high performance applications. The CAM cell design is based on the conventional 8-transistor one-read and one-write Register File (RF) cell, where a read operation does not affect the cell stability. In addition, it supports single cycle throughput for write/read and write/CAM operations. Also, read/write operations are independent of the stored and/or search data. Comparison of power and performance under the same condition of noise robustness of dynamic CAM arrays with the proposed CAM cell against three other existing cells as well as a static CAM array is presented. Simulation results based on 32 nm process technology indicate that the proposed cell offers the lowest power and best performance compared to the existing RF based dynamic CAM array designs.
Soviet Interest Groups and the Policy Process: The Repeal of Production Education*

The role of interest groups in the policy process has long engaged the attention of students of democratic politics. Only recently, however, have Soviet interest groups been studied systematically. This lag can be explained by two facts: the employment of the totalitarian model, emphasizing hierarchical controls and ignoring or denying significant political conflict; and the considerable difficulties of applying group theory to nondemocratic societies.
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO INFORMATION MODELING FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OF PRODUCTS

The design of more sustainable products can be best accomplished in a tradeoff-based design process that methodically handles conflicting objectives. Such conflicts are often seen between, environmental impact, cost, and product performance. To support such a process, this paper proposes the development of an environment where sustainability considerations are explicitly introduced early into the design process. This explicitness is provided by integrating the requirements information of sustainability standards and regulations directly into the design process. The emergence of the semantic web provides an interoperable environment in which the context and meaning of knowledge about the relationships among various domains can be shared. This work presents an ontological framework designed to represent both the objectives that pertain to sustainable design and the applicable sustainability standards and regulations. This integrated approach not only can ease the adoption of the standards and regulations during a design process but can also influence a design toward sustainability considerations. The usefulness of this model integration is demonstrated by an illustrative brake disk rotor and pads case study. The results show that both the standards and criteria may be considered at early design stages by using this methodology. Furthermore, it can be used to capture, reveal, and propagate the design intent transparently to all design participants.
Gaseous‐Transport‐Controlled Chlorination of CoO in Flowing Oxygen Chlorine‐Argon Mixtures at 1000 K

Thde chlorination rate of CoO was measured in 1 % CI2-Ahd mixtures at 1000 K as a function of oxygen partial pressure and total volume flow rate. At oxygen partial pressures >4053 Pa (0.04 atm), the rate of chlorination was found to be controlled by the transport of CoCI2(g) across the gas boundary layer. The good agreement obtained between the calculated and measured rates suggests that the partial pressure of CoCI2(g) at the gas-solid interface is determined by the equilibrium between Co3O4(s) and the partial pressure of Cl2(g) and O2(g) in the gas mixtures. At lower partial pressures of oxygen, the rate is controlled by mixed gas diffusion of Cl2(g) and CoCI2(g) species through the gas boundary layer.
Approximate Bayesian Inference Reveals Evidence for a Recent, Severe Bottleneck in a Netherlands Population of Drosophila melanogaster

Genome-wide nucleotide variation in non-African populations of Drosophila melanogaster is a subset of variation found in East sub-Saharan African populations, suggesting a bottleneck in the history of the former. We implement an approximate Bayesian approach to infer the timing, duration, and severity of this putative bottleneck and ask whether this inferred model is sufficient to account for patterns of variability observed at 115 loci scattered across the X chromosome. We estimate a recent bottleneck 0.006Ne generations ago, somewhat further in the past than suggested by biogeographical evidence. Using various proposed statistical tests, we find that this bottleneck model is able to predict the majority of observed features of diversity and linkage disequilibrium in the data. Thus, while precise estimates of bottleneck parameters (like inferences of selection) are sensitive to model assumptions, our results imply that it may be unnecessary to invoke frequent selective sweeps associated with the dispersal of D. melanogaster from Africa to explain patterns of variability in non-African populations.
Evidence of a common mechanism of disassembly of adherens junctions through Gα13 targeting of VE-cadherin

The heterotrimeric G protein Gα13 transduces signals from G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) to induce cell spreading, differentiation, migration, and cell polarity. Here, we describe a novel GPCR-independent function of Gα13 in regulating the stability of endothelial cell adherens junctions (AJs). We observed that the oxidant H2O2, which is released in response to multiple proinflammatory mediators, induced the interaction of Gα13 with VE-cadherin. Gα13 binding to VE-cadherin in turn induced Src activation and VE-cadherin phosphorylation at Tyr 658, the p120-catenin binding site thought to be responsible for VE-cadherin internalization. Inhibition of Gα13–VE-cadherin interaction using an interfering peptide derived from the Gα13 binding motif on VE-cadherin abrogated the disruption of AJs in response to inflammatory mediators. These studies identify a unique role of Gα13 binding to VE-cadherin in mediating VE-cadherin internalization and endothelial barrier disruption and inflammation.
A numerical investigation of cloud diurnal variations

Abstract The large-scale diurnal variation of cloud cover is derived from diurnal variations of temperature, density, water content, and static stability in a linearized calculation. Forced by the diurnal cycle of solar heating, the calculated cloud distribution is broadly consistent with observed diurnal variations under maritime nonconvective, maritime convective, and continental convective conditions. The calculated diurnal variation of low-cloud fraction follows primarily from the diurnal variation of temperature, which creates a diurnal variation of saturation vapor pressure. The calculated diurnal amplitude of low-cloud fraction is large under maritime nonconvective conditions, in which a well-mixed boundary layer promotes the transition between cloudy and clear conditions. The amplitude is further enhanced under continental conditions by the diurnal variation of vertical heat transport from the surface. The diurnal variation of high-cloud fraction under continental conditions follows primarily from...
Geometrical control of the inertial recirculation

Abstract In this paper we discuss the conditions under which a free solution of the steady, one-layer, quasi-geostrophic equation on a β-plane is realized in the inviscid limit. We restrict attention to the case where no body force is applied and the fluid moves under a stress prescribed at the boundary of the closed domain. We show that, depending on the geometrical configuration of the boundary where the stress is prescribed, either a frictional solution or a free inertial solution is found in the limit of infinitesimal dissipation.
Algorithms for Mining the Coevolving Relational Motifs in Dynamic Networks

Computational methods and tools that can efficiently and effectively analyze the temporal changes in dynamic complex relational networks enable us to gain significant insights regarding the entity relations and their evolution. This article introduces a new class of dynamic graph patterns, referred to as coevolving relational motifs (CRMs), which are designed to identify recurring sets of entities whose relations change in a consistent way over time. CRMs can provide evidence to the existence of, possibly unknown, coordination mechanisms by identifying the relational motifs that evolve in a similar and highly conserved fashion. We developed an algorithm to efficiently analyze the frequent relational changes between the entities of the dynamic networks and capture all frequent coevolutions as CRMs. Our algorithm follows a depth-first exploration of the frequent CRM lattice and incorporates canonical labeling for redundancy elimination. Experimental results based on multiple real world dynamic networks show that the method is able to efficiently identify CRMs. In addition, a qualitative analysis of the results shows that the discovered patterns can be used as features to characterize the dynamic network.
Ensemble Classification for Relational Domains.

Ensemble classification methods have been shown to produce more accurate predictions than the base component models. Due to their effectiveness, ensemble approaches have been applied in a wide range of domains to improve classification. The expected prediction error of classification models can be decomposed into bias and variance. Ensemble methods that independently construct component models (e.g., bagging) can improve performance by reducing the error due to variance, while methods that dependently construct component models (e.g., boosting) can improve performance by reducing the error due to bias and variance. Although ensemble methods were initially developed for classification of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data, they can be directly applied for relational data by using a relational classifier as the base component model. This straightforward approach can improve classification for network data, but suffers from a number of limitations. First, relational data characteristics will only be exploited by the base relational classifier, and not by the ensemble algorithm itself. We note that explicitly accounting for the structured nature of relational data by the ensemble mechanism can significantly improve ensemble classification. Second, ensemble learning methods that assume i.i.d. data can fail to preserve the relational structure of non-i.i.d. data, which will (1) prevent the relational base classifiers from exploiting these structures, and (2) fail to accurately capture properties of the dataset, which can lead to inaccurate models and classifications. Third, ensemble mechanisms that assume i.i.d. data are limited to reducing errors associated with i.i.d. models and fail to reduce additional sources of error associated with more powerful (e.g., collective classification models. Our key observation is that collective classification methods have error due to variance in inference. This has been overlooked by current ensemble methods that assume exact inference methods and only focus on the typical goal of reducing errors due to learning, even if the methods explicitly consider relational data. Here we study the problem of ensemble classification for relational domains by focusing on the reduction of error due to variance. We propose a relational ensemble framework that explicitly accounts for the structured nature of relational data during both learning and inference. Our proposed framework consists of two components. (1) A method for learning accurate ensembles from relational data, focusing on the reduction of error due to variance in learning, while preserving the relational characteristics in the data. (2) A method for applying ensembles in collective classification contexts, focusing on further reduction of the error due to variance in inference, which has not been considered in state of the art ensemble methods.
Autoimmune Bullous Diseases and Drugs

Drug-induced bullous disorders encompass a diverse array of clinical presentations determined by the pathology at the dermal/epidermal junction. These include bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA, and pemphigus variants. Fluid-filled blisters encompass all drug-induced bullous disorders after a latency period; however, other clinical features including mucosal involvement can vary.
The Structure of Nuclear Membrane in Larval Gonads of Heliothis obsolete.

Summary1. Electron microscope studies on thin sections of germ cells of the larva Heliothis obsoleta have revealed the presence in the nuclear membrane of pore-like structures which are spaced about 1300 A apart. The pores are approximately 280 A in diameter and are surrounded by a relatively dense wall about 320 A in diameter. Thus, the diameter of the pore plus the surrounding wall is approximately 920 A. 2. The pores appear to be of a size that would permit the passage of large molecules through the nuclear membrane.
Contributions to the Morphology and Phylogeny of the Reduvioidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Part I. The Morphology of the Abdomen and Genitalia of Phymatidae

The superfamily Reduvioidea was established by Reuter (1910) who placed it with the Cimicoidea and Aradoidea in the series Anonychia. Later (1912) he added the Tingoidea to Anonychia and removed from it the Aradoidea. Leston, Pendergrast and Southwood (1954), favoring the practice of basing the nomenclature of higher categories on generic names, have designated a group more or less equivalent to Reuter's Anonychia as Cimicomorpha. These authors place the remainder of the terrestrial Heteroptera in a second group, the Pentatamorpha.
Luminance gradient for evaluating lighting

This paper introduces luminance gradient as a metric for evaluating common non-uniform luminous environments. Luminance gradient is defined as the largest change rate and the polarity of spatial luminance variation on a large surface or across the entire field of view in high resolution. The metric, a visualization method, and a freely available MatLab code for plotting luminance gradient maps have been developed. The retinal resolution of pixels for mapping luminance gradient has also been identified. A camera-aided measurement method of luminance gradient is proposed, which is demonstrated in two case studies of the evaluation of different types of luminous environments. Moreover, this study explored whether luminance gradient could also be obtained from computer simulations using lighting software programs AGI32 and HeliosPro.
Expanded oviposition range by a seed beetle (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) in proximity to a normal host

The bruchid beetle Stator vachelliae Bottimer will sometimes oviposit on seeds of the nonhost Parkinsonia aculeata (Leguminosae = Fabaceae), but most larvae do not survive. Of 1,118 eggs on Parkinsonia seeds, 86% occurred in a narrow zone where seeds of Parkinsonia and the normal leguminous host Acacia flexuosa were mixed on the ground beneath overlapping canopies. A field experiment indicated that females use nonseed cues associated with Acacia (pod valves and cow and horse dung) to locate Acacia seeds, and when seeds of both hosts are encountered, females oviposit equally on seeds of both plants. Other factors that were not controlled in the experiments (amount of daylight, temperature, humidity) may also affect discrimination between seeds of different hosts. Survivorship on Parkinsonia was <0.1% in the field, whereas on Acacia it was 15%. Most (53%) mortality on Parkinsonia was attributable to inability of larvae to penetrate seed coats. Enemy-free space was available on Parkinsonia: only 3% of bruchid eggs on its seeds were parasitized, but on the normal host Acacia, 24% were parasitized. We suggest three steps for S. vachelliae to include Parkinsonia in its host range or for a host shift: (1) oviposition on the potential host in proximity to cues associated with the normal host, which does not appear to require a genetic change in search or oviposition behavior; (2) larvae of S. vachelliae must evolve the ability to complete development in the new host; and (3) the adult beetles must be able to track the new host. Only step 1 has occurred in this system. The results support previous suggestions that the initial colonization of new hosts may be behavioral.
Investigation on Sewage Disinfection in Hospitals of Qixia District of Nanjing City

[Objective]To understand the sewage disinfection effect in hospitals of Qixia District.[Methods]Sewage samples discharged from 16 hospitals were collected from 2006 to 2008 to determine residual chlorine,fecal coliform count,salmonella and shigella.[Results]Totally,433 samples of sewage from 16 hospitals of Qixia District were collected,and 340 were qualified,the qualified rate was 79%.[Conclusion]The total qualified rate of sewage discharged from 16 hospitals was not satisfied,which needs strengthening of supervision and management.
Geschlechtschromatinkörper in Mammatumoren verschiedener Differenzierungsgrade

Es werden 44 Falle gutartiger Mammaveranderungen und Geschwulste und 68 Falle bosartiger Mammatumoren in bezug auf ihren Gehalt an Geschlechtschromatinkorpern gepruft. Insbesondere wird nach Beziehungen zwischen Gehalt an Sexchromatinkorpern und histologischem Differenzierungsgrad der verschiedenen Carcinome und der unterschiedlich differenzierten Areale innerhalb des gleichen Carcinoms gesucht. In gutartigen Geschwulsten werden je ein Bindegewebe- und ein Tumorareal, in den malignen je ein Bindegewebe- und zwei Carcinomareale ausgezahlt, die sich im histologischen Differenzierungsgrad deutlich unterscheiden.
Doppelte und dreifache Bindung

Wir haben gesehen, das im normalen Zustand des Molekuls jedes H-Atom sein stabiles Elektronenpaar, jedes andere Atom seine stabile Achtergruppe hat. Wir haben weiter festgestellt, das dieser Zustand bei vielen Molekulen erreicht ist, wenn zwei Molekule sich in ein Elektronenpaar teilen, was wir fur gleichbedeutend mit chemischer Bindung erklart haben. In vielen Fallen reicht dieser Vorgang der Bildung einfacher Bindungen durch Elektronenpaare jedoch nicht aus, um bei jedem Atom eine vollstandige, stabile Schale auszubilden. Zum Beispiel hat das O-Atom nur sechs Valenzelektronen, und auch wenn zwei Atome sich in ein Elektronenpaar teilen, so genugt das noch nicht zur Bildung zweier vollstandiger Oktetts. Findet dagegen die Aufteilung zweier Elektronenpaare statt, dann konnen wir jedem Atom seine Achterschale zusprechen.
“Tempered Radicalism” and Holding the Powerful Accountable

This chapter expands the theme of tempered radicalism and places it in the context of the workplace by offering suggestions for how upper-level managers can hold themselves accountable and be held accountable.
Clinical Neurotoxicology of Industrial and Agricultural Chemicals

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a brief overview of common neurotoxic substances, and briefly describes the prototypical chemicals that cause classic neurototoxic syndromes. Neurotoxic chemicals are commonly found in many workplaces, environment, and the homes. Thirty percent of the workplace chemicals for which the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has recommended maximum exposure concentrations have been so listed in part because of their neurotoxic potential. The incidence of human chemical neurotoxicity is difficult to determine with accuracy for many reasons. In many cases, symptoms and signs of neurotoxicity are insidious and not recognized. Concomitant ethanol, tobacco, street drug, prescription drug, family history of naturally occurring neurologic disease, normal aging, and other environmental factors may be offered as alternative explanations for a neurotoxic syndrome. A genetic predisposition to neurotoxicity may explain why one worker develops a neuropathy when similarly exposed coworkers do not. This chapter focuses on several prototypical neurotoxins, describing the classic neurotoxic syndrome associated with each and possible diagnostic strategies the clinician can take. This discussion emphasizes the initial history and physical examination and initial laboratory studies that assist in confirming the diagnosis.
Glaucoma-Intraocular Pressure Reduction

Medical treatment is a mainstay for the management of glaucoma (Realini 2011; Marquis and Whitson 2005; Hoyng and van Beek 2000). Intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering has been long recognized as and still represents the primary and most widely employed treatment to prevent glaucomatous vision loss (Musch et al. 2011; Leske et al. 2003; The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) 2000). Soon after the recognition that "tension" or IOP was related to glaucoma, pharmacological agents were introduced in the mid-1800s, first with the calabar bean (Realini 2011; Proudfoot 2006). Since then, an explosion of pharmacological agents targeting numerous intracellular and molecular signaling pathways has resulted in a plethora of drugs to lower IOP and treat glaucoma. Aqueous humor dynamics provides the basis for understanding each of these medical therapies.
Management of Glandular Lesions Identified on Cervical Cytology and Histology with Suggestions for Continuous Quality Improvement in the Cytology Laboratory

The latest management guidelines for management of glandular lesions identified on cervical cytology and histology from the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology are summarized with an emphasis on a logical stepwise approach to work-up. The guidelines are subdivided according to the subcategorization of atypical glandular cells on cytology. Suggestions for continuous quality improvement by cytologists in the work-up of glandular lesions of the cervix are provided.
The Influence of Personality, Parenting Styles, and Perfectionism on Performance Goal Orientation in High Ability Students:

The current study explores relationships among gender, perceived parenting style, the personality traits of conscientiousness and neuroticism, perfectionism, and achievement goal orientation in a h...
High-speed channel modeling with deep neural network for signal integrity analysis

In this work, deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained and used to model high-speed channels for signal integrity analysis. The DNN models predict eye-diagram metrics by taking advantage of the large amount of simulation results made available in a previous design or at an earlier design stage. The proposed DNN models characterize high-speed channels through extrapolation with saved coefficients, which requires no complex simulations and can be achieved in a highly efficient manner. It is demonstrated through numerical examples that the proposed DNN models achieve good accuracy in predicting eye-diagram metrics from input design parameters. In the DNN models, no assumptions are made on the distributions of and the interactions among individual design parameters.
Quality and Safety

Fractures of the proximal femur in elderly patients represent a significant burden on society for a number of reasons. The worldwide population is aging at an increasing rate, and with age, the rate of fragility fractures, including fractures about the hip, increases in prevalence. The morbidity and mortality associated with hip fractures is derived from a number of different factors that affect the diagnosis, treatment, and overall care of patients who sustain these injuries. In order to optimize patient outcomes, minimize health-care costs, and decrease the burden of disease associated with these injuries, it is important to understand all of the various factors that play a role in shaping the natural history, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies. This chapter will summarize the recent literature and evidence-based recommendations pertaining to the overall care of patients who present to the hospital with a hip fracture or are at risk of sustaining a hip fracture, to assist any health-care provider involved in the management of these patients in providing the best care possible.
229 ACQUIRED LONG Q-T SYNDROME SECONDARY TO METHADONE USE.

Case Presentation A 58-year-old male with a history of diabetes, hypertension, alcohol abuse, hepatitis C, and methadone therapy for opiate dependence presented to the emergency room with a complaint of light-headedness and syncopal episodes. His outpatient medications included hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, aspirin, ranitidine, NPH insulin, and methadone 220 mg daily. While in the emergency room, the patient had a syncopal event and was noted to be in ventricular tachycardia/torsades de pointes. The patient was defibrillated, and he returned to sinus rhythm. An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a Q-Tc interval of 539 ms and multiple premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). A previous ECG indicated a normal Q-Tc interval of 453 ms. The patient had a potassium of 3.9, calcium of 8.3, and magnesium of 1.3 and a positive cocaine screen. The patient was given 4 g of magnesium. After resolution of hypomagnesemia, the patient continued to have a Q-Tc interval greater than 530 ms and required multiple defibrillations for torsades de pointes. An echocardiogram revealed no structural abnormalities or evidence of previous infarction. The patient had his methadone aggressively titrated down and the Q-Tc interval improved to 470 ms. The frequent PVCs and episodes of torsades de pointes resolved. Discussion Long Q-T syndrome can be caused by congenital factors, such as Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Romano-Ward syndrome, or acquired factors. Drugs continue to be one of the most common causes of acquired long Q-T syndrome. Drug classes such as antiarrhythmics, nonsedating antihistamines, macrolide and fluoroquinalone antibiotics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants have all been implicated. Recently, there has been an increasing number of case reports of methadone-induced prolonged Q-Tc with subsequent torsades de pointes. Methadone is believed to induce prolonged Q-T intervals through two mechanisms. First, methadone has been shown to block HERG potassium channels during repolarization in cell lines. Blockage of the HERG channel decreases the IKr current, which prolongs the Q-T interval. Methadone is also known to induce bradycardia, which can predispose the patient to torsades de pointes. In our patient it appears that his high methadone dose caused lengthening of his Q-Tc interval. The prolonged Q-Tc interval led to multiple episodes of torsades de pointes despite the absence of structural heart disease.
A socio-cultural approach to multicultural experience: Why interactions matter for creative thinking but exposures don’t

Abstract As the Internet, globalization, and widespread international travel increase the prevalence of multicultural experiences (MCEs), the impact of these experiences on psychological states and organizational outcomes increasingly attract researchers’ interest. Enhanced creativity has been shown to be one of the positive impacts of MCE; however, current findings fall short of distinguishing different types of multicultural experiences towards the end of identifying which specific experiences enhance creativity. Rooted in socio-cultural theory, this research examines the influence of two types of MCE, multicultural interactions versus multicultural exposures, on creative thinking and the role of cognitive flexibility in this relationship. Results of two studies indicate that multicultural interactions rather than exposures are associated with enhanced creative thinking (Studies 1–2) and confirm cognitive flexibility as the mediating mechanism (Study 2). Implications for organizations and educational institutions are discussed.
Surgery for Hemifacial Spasm

Hemifacial spasm (HFS), a syndrome of unilateral facial nerve hyperactive dysfunction, is a severe and disabling condition that causes impairments in the quality of life [1]. The spasms are characterized by slight intermittent twitching of a single facial muscle that gradually becomes more intense and occurs with greater frequency, later spreading to involve the other muscles of facial expression. Ultimately, the patient may develop prolonged contractions of all the involved muscles causing severe, disfiguring grimacing with partial closure of the eye and drawing up of the corner of the mouth, the so-called tonus phenomenon [2]. Typical and atypical variations of the disorder exist. In typical HFS, spasms begin insidiously in the orbicularis oculi muscle and spread over time to the muscles of the face with variable involvement of the frontalis and platysma muscles. Conversely, in atypical HFS, spasms begin insidiously in the muscles of the lower face and spread to the orbicularis oculi muscles over time. Typical HFS occurs much more frequently than atypical HFS [3]. The best available data suggest that the prevalence rate of HFS is 10 patients per 100,000 in the population of the United States and Norway [4, 5].
Dielectric Continuum Models of Solute/Solvent Interactions

Electrostatic interactions between a solute and its environment are quite significant and can significantly modify the solute molecule’s dynamics. In the case of chemical reactions, polarity effects of the medium can significantly alter reaction rates and the relative yields of different reaction products. However these interactions are not quantitatively understood for molecular systems. This failing is clearly indicated by the prevalence of semiempirical measures of these important interactions [1]. A focus of recent work from our group has been to better quantitate these important interactions. The methodology has been to first experimentally measure the rotational diffusion of rigid solute compounds in order to empirically determine the friction experienced when a molecule moves on molecular length and time scales. Secondly electrostatic models of the solute/solvent coupling have been explored and compared to the experimentally determined friction coefficients. The result of this effort has been to show the necessity of including the extended nature of the solute molecule’s charge distribution when modeling the friction. It has been found that point source models may underestimate the magnitude of the friction by a hundred times for medium sized molecules (a displaced volume of a few hundred cubic angstroms). Furthermore the experimental results show that structural aspects of the solvent medium can be quite important to the solute molecule’s dynamics. It is clear however that over a wide regime that continuum models of the solvent work fairly well in describing what is characteristically molecular behaviour. The following discussion focusses on these results in more detail.
Type II Hypersensitivity

In autoimmune diseases with a type II hypersensitivity mechanism, autoantibodies are directed against cell-associated antigens. Subsequent activation of complement and recruitment of leukocytes result in local tissue inflammation.
Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil-rich Zingiberales

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order to construct a comprehensive "tree of death" and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. METHODS Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence data for analysis in the program MrBayes. KEY RESULTS Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae. There is strong support for Spirematospermum friedrichii, Spirematospermum sp. 'Goth', S. wetzleri, and Striatornata sanantoniensis in crown Zingiberaceae while "Musa" cardiosperma, Spirematospermum chandlerae, and Tricostatocarpon silvapinedae are best considered stem Zingiberaceae. Inclusion of fossils explains how different topologies from morphological and molecular data sets is due to shared plesiomorphic characters shared by Musaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Costaceae, and most of the fossils. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of eight fossil taxa expands the Zingiberales tree and helps explain the difficulty in resolving relationships. Inclusion of fossils was possible in part due to a large morphological data set built using nondestructive microcomputed tomography data. Collaboration between paleo- and neobotanists and technology such as microcomputed tomography will help to build the tree of death and ultimately improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of monocots.
Ripor2 is Involved in Auditory Hair Cell Stereociliary Bundle Structure and Orientation

RIPOR2 (previously known as FAM65B) localizes to stereocilia of auditory hair cells and causes deafness when its function is disturbed by mutations. Here, we demonstrate that during the morphogenesis of the hair cell bundle, absence of Ripor2 affects the orientation of this key subcellular structure. We show that Ripor2 interacts with Myh9, a protein encoded by a known deafness gene. Absence of Ripor2 is associated with low Myh9 abundance in the mouse cochlea despite increased amount of Myh9 transcripts. While Myh9 is mainly expressed in stereocilia, a phosphorylated form of Myh9 is particularly enriched in the kinocilium. In Ripor2-deficient mice, kinocilium shows an aberrant localization which associates with a reduced content of phosphorylated Myh9. Acetylated alpha tubulin, another specific kinociliary protein which contributes to microtubule stabilization, is reduced in the absence of Ripor2 as well. We propose that Ripor2 deficiency influences abundance and/or post-translational modifications of proteins expressed in both stereocilia and kinocilia. This effect may have a negative impact on the structure and function of the auditory hair cell bundle.
Cochlear Implantation in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Literature Review.

Objective This study was aimed to perform a systematic literature review by examining outcomes in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) undergoing ipsilateral cochlear implant (CI). Data Sources PubMed-NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and Scopus databases were searched through October 2017. Study Selection Studies reporting auditory outcomes for each patient when a CI was placed with an ipsilateral sporadic VS were included. Main Outcome Measures Demographic variables, VS characteristics, preoperative hearing metrics, duration of deafness, CI type, approach to tumor resection, postoperative auditory outcomes, and postoperative tinnitus outcomes were reported for each eligible patient within studies. Each study was evaluated for quality and bias. Results Fifteen studies and 45 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean speech discrimination score (SDS) improved from 30.0 to 56.4% after CI placement. The majority when reported had an improvement in tinnitus. Preoperative ipsilateral SDS was a negative predictor of postoperative SDS, while neither tumor resection status, tumor location, duration of deafness, ipsilateral pure tone average, nor timing of CI placement had a significant effect on patient outcome. Conclusions Notwithstanding the challenges inherent with surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the setting of a cochlear implant magnet, select sporadic vestibular schwannoma patients can be considered for cochlear implantation.
Are There Upper Limits in Tumor Burden for Down-Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Liver Transplant? Analysis of the All-Comers Protocol

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the University of California, San Francisco down-staging (UCSF-DS) criteria (one lesion > 5 cm and ≤ 8 cm; two to three lesions each ≤ 5 cm; or four to five lesions each ≤ 3 cm with total tumor diameter ≤ 8 cm) who achieved successful down-staging (DS) to Milan criteria had similar outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) compared with HCC initially meeting the Milan criteria. Nevertheless, little is known about the outcome of DS in patients with initial tumor burden exceeding the UCSF-DS criteria, defined as "all-comers" (AC). We compared the intention-to-treat (ITT) outcomes of DS in 74 patients in the AC group and 133 patients in the UCSF-DS group. Successful DS to Milan was observed in 64.8% of the AC group versus 84.2% of the UCSF-DS group (P < 0.001). The sum of tumor number and largest tumor diameter was significantly associated with successful DS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, P < 0.05). The cumulative probability of dropout within 1 year and 3 years was 53.5% and 80.0%, respectively, for AC versus 25.0% and 36.1%, respectively, for UCSF-DS (P < 0.0001). Factors predicting dropout included sum of tumor number and largest tumor diameter greater than 8 (HR 1.79, P = 0.049) and Child class B and C (HR 2.54, P = 0.001). The AC group also had a significantly lower liver transplant (LT) rate (13.5% versus 59.0%, P < 0.001). ITT survival at 1 year and 5 years was 77.4% and 21.1%, respectively, in AC versus 85.5% and 56.0%, respectively, in UCSF-DS (P < 0.001). Three of 10 patients in the AC group who underwent LT developed HCC recurrence. Conclusion: We observed a significantly lower LT probability and inferior ITT survival with DS in the AC group versus the UCSF-DS group. Our results suggest that an upper limit in tumor burden exists beyond which successful LT after DS becomes an unrealistic goal.
Critiquing food and health in a technical democracy

Academic writing on the role of digital and social media have made clear the cultural analyses and interrogations between nature and culture, technoscience and social sciences. Even more clear is t...
Reusable inline caching for JavaScript performance

JavaScript performance is paramount to a user’s browsing experience. Browser vendors have gone to great lengths to improve JavaScript’s steady-state performance. This has led to sophisticated web applications. However, as users increasingly expect instantaneous page load times, another important goal for JavaScript engines is to attain minimal startup times. In this paper, we reduce the startup time of JavaScript programs by enhancing the reuse of compilation and optimization information across different executions. Specifically, we propose a new scheme to increase the startup performance of Inline Caching (IC), a key optimization for dynamic type systems. The idea is to represent a substantial portion of the IC information in an execution in a context-independent way, and reuse it in subsequent executions. We call our enhanced IC design Reusable Inline Caching (RIC). We integrate RIC into the state-of-the-art Google V8 JavaScript engine and measure its impact on the initialization time of popular JavaScript libraries. By recycling IC information collected from a previous execution, RIC reduces the average initialization time per library by 17%.
Interdependent self-construal predicts emotion suppression in Asian Americans: An electro-cortical investigation

Although people with high interdependent self-construal (SC) are often assumed to be competent in emotion suppression, direct evidence is missing. We tested whether interdependent SC would predict the ability to down-regulate emotional arousal. Americans of both East Asian and European descent were shown a series of pictures. They were instructed to suppress or attend to their emotions. Their electroencephalogram was recorded and analyzed. The late positive potential (LPP) evoked by unpleasant (vs. neutral) pictures (a marker of emotional arousal) was reduced in the suppress (vs. attend) condition. This effect of emotion suppression was more pronounced for those high in interdependent SC than for those low in it. Curiously, the resulting valence x condition x interdependent SC interaction was robust among those of Asian descent, but not those of European descent. The 4-way interaction involving culture was statistically significant. Our work suggests that the purported link between interdependent SC and emotion suppression may be culture-bound.
Introduction to the AdS/CFT Correspondence

We review the basic properties of \(d\)-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) and describe their relation to quantum gravitational theories on \(d+1\)-dimensional anti-de Sitter (\(\hbox{AdS}_{d+1}\)) space–times. We briefly review the ’t Hooft limit of \(U(N)\) Yang–Mills theory, and then describe how an appropriate limit of type IIB superstring theory with D3-branes can be used to motivate a precise and computable correspondence between a four-dimensional conformal field theory and a quantum gravitational theory on \(\hbox{AdS}_5\times S^5\). We then discuss an extension of this construction in which probe branes on the AdS space–time are included.
Microvascular Effects of Pulsed Dye Laser in Combination With Oxymetazoline

Author(s): Kelly, Alexis; Pai, Alexander; Lertsakdadet, Ben; Choi, Bernard; Kelly, Kristen M | Abstract: Background and objectiveOxymetazoline, an α-1A agonist, is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea and induces vasoconstriction by interacting with α receptors. The objective of our study was to study the microvascular effects of oxymetazoline and pulsed dye laser (PDL).Materials and methodsA dorsal window chamber was surgically installed on 20 mice. Each animal was assigned to one of four experimental groups: saline alone, oxymetazoline alone (10 μl applied once daily × 7 days), saline + PDL (saline applied 5 minutes before PDL irradiation [10 mm spot, 1.5 ms pulse duration, 7 J/cm2 delivered to epidermis]), or oxymetazoline + PDL (10 μl oxymetazoline applied 5 minutes before PDL and then once daily × 7 days). Brightfield and laser speckle imaging were performed for 7 days to monitor vascular architectural and functional changes.ResultsWe observed persistent blood flow in all of the saline-only and oxymetazoline-only experiments. A higher rate of vascular shutdown was observed with oxymetazoline + PDL (66.7%) compared with saline + PDL alone (16.7%). Oxymetazoline application increased venule diameter at 5 minutes post-application and decreased both arteriole and venule diameters at 60 minutes post-application.ConclusionThe combination protocol of oxymetazoline + PDL induces persistent vascular shutdown observed 7 days after irradiation. This result may be associated with the acute vascular effects of oxymetazoline. Oxymetazoline + PDL should be evaluated as a treatment for cutaneous vascular disease, including rosacea and port wine birthmarks. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.