cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NIF-Based Frequency-Domain Modeling Method of Three-Wire Shielded Energy Cables for EMC Simulation

This paper focuses on the modeling method of energy cables used in power conversion systems, in the aim of EMC simulation and overvoltage analysis. Based on the node-to-node functions method, a simple frequency-domain model with a reduced number of equivalent impedances is considered and applied to three-wire shielded cables, along with a fast identification method based on a cascaded-cell model. Even though the model eventually includes nonphysical virtual impedances, simulation in frequency domain provides accurate results when compared to equivalent experimental measurements, for various cable lengths and in short simulation times. Time-domain waveforms are then extracted from frequency-domain simulation and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in a wide frequency range up to 50 MHz. Finally, a good match has been found between experimental and simulation results of voltage overshoots on a buck power converter system.
The Culturally Responsive Social Service Agency: The Application of an Evolving Definition to a Case Study

ABSTRACT Most of the attention in the last few decades in the human services field has been on the development of culturally competent practice with little attention to the context of this practice. This analysis and case study focuses on the organizational context of social service practitioners seeking to respond effectively to an increasingly diverse client population. Specific attention is given to the development of a working definition of a culturally responsive social service agency. This definition is used to assess a case study of a public sector county social service agency that has a substantial history in promoting culturally responsive practices. The implications for future management practices are noted in the conclusion.
Further Progress in Electronic Control of Artificial Respiration

It is the intention of this paper to cover work on the use of electronic amplifiers in conjunction with other instrumentation as supportive devices in cases of partial or complete muscle failure. As indicated it is a continuation of work previously published in these TRANSACTIONS and indicates the trend of further applications of electronic engineering in this field.
Molecular pH Probes Mediators of Angina and Ischemic Preconditioning

See related articles, pages 501–509 and 510–519 Physiology is an old (some today may consider it an ancient) discipline. However, physiology is, at its core, the discipline that merges structure and function in biological organisms. Over the past 30 years, as technology has advanced, the discipline has gravitated to smaller and smaller systems and structures, going from the whole body to the cell, to subcellular structures, and eventually ending up at the genes. The time has come for a reverse in direction so that the knowledge gained from this progression can now be applied to the multitude of medical conditions that exist at a very macroscopic level. We now have the means to investigate disease mechanisms with technologies that were not available 30 years ago. Physiology has made tremendous progress in advancing this technology. The Nobel Prize for the invention of the patch clamp is one shining example. One of the articles that this commentary reports on uses this technology at its most effective level, and actually resolves the cellular mechanism that underlies the pain associated with ischemic angina. In contrast to physiology, molecular biology can still be considered to be in its infancy. While the tools of molecular biology are formidable, the understanding of the outcomes is also formidable. Molecular tools can be used to identify gene products, localize these products to specific tissues, and make an attempt to verify that these gene products perform a physiological function. However, the last point has been problematic. Also, because gene products have been observed in multiple tissue types, assigning specific functions to the myriad of proteins being investigated has lacked specificity, leading to a fair amount of ambiguity in the function of any given protein. Two articles in this issue of Circulation Research reflect these differences, and point out the …
Mass transfer in rectangular cavities

The captured vortex system produced by the flow of a fluid along a plate containing a transverse rectangular cavity was investigated by measuring the local mass transfer coefficient kg on the cavity walls. Both transverse and peripheral kg profiles are presented for cavity depth-to-length ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 at free-stream velocities of 6.8, 13.5, and 27 ft./sec. for water evaporating into air. These profiles reflect the three-dimensional nature of the flow in the cavity.
Monolithic three-dimensional integration for memory scaling and neuromorphic computing

This paper explores some key applications and constraints for monolithic three-dimensional integration. We argue that there is a sweet spot at the few μm pitch level for applications that are extremely fault tolerant and repairable for wafer level stacking. We argue that memory especially DRAM and processing in memory are ideal applications and that if we are able to overcome the technology an architectural challenges wafer level Monolithic 3D has a promising future.
Power-Up SRAM State as an Identifying Fingerprint and Source of True Random Numbers

Intermittently powered applications create a need for low-cost security and privacy in potentially hostile environments, supported by primitives including identification and random number generation. Our measurements show that power-up of SRAM produces a physical fingerprint. We propose a system of fingerprint extraction and random numbers in SRAM (FERNS) that harvests static identity and randomness from existing volatile CMOS memory without requiring any dedicated circuitry. The identity results from manufacture-time physically random device threshold voltage mismatch, and the random numbers result from runtime physically random noise. We use experimental data from high-performance SRAM chips and the embedded SRAM of the WISP UHF RFID tag to validate the principles behind FERNS. For the SRAM chip, we demonstrate that 8-byte fingerprints can uniquely identify circuits among a population of 5,120 instances and extrapolate that 24-byte fingerprints would uniquely identify all instances ever produced. Using a smaller population, we demonstrate similar identifying ability from the embedded SRAM. In addition to identification, we show that SRAM fingerprints capture noise, enabling true random number generation. We demonstrate that a 512-byte SRAM fingerprint contains sufficient entropy to generate 128-bit true random numbers and that the generated numbers pass the NIST tests for runs, approximate entropy, and block frequency.
Some methods and applications of electron density distribution analysis

Accurate and efficient integration of the electron density function over arbitrary regions has been previously achieved by exploiting a separation of variables. Recently, a computer program has been written that calculates ρ, ρ, and ∇2ρ in an expeditious fashion, taking advantage of the separation of variables in the electron density function. Accurate integrations of ∇2ρ over arbitrary regions can also be accomplished. The structure of the program is suited especially to vector processors. As a result of the efficiencies of these programs, functions of the electron density, such as the density itself, the surrounding electrostatic potential, ∇ρ, and ∇2ρ have been calculated in three dimensions. Results of calculations for nitrated cubanes are presented illustrating how the effects of the nitro groups are manifested in the electron density and associated properties.
Detection and repair of software errors in hierarchical sensor networks

Sensor networks are being increasingly deployed for collecting critical data in various applications. Once deployed, a sensor network may experience faults at the individual node level or at an aggregate network level due to design errors in the protocol, implementation errors, or deployment conditions that are significantly different from the target environment. In many applications, the deployed system may fail to collect data in an accurate, complete, and timely manner due to such errors. If the network produces incorrect data, the resulting decisions on the data may be incorrect, and negatively impact the application. Hence, it is important to detect and diagnose these faults through run-time observation. Existing technologies face difficulty with wireless sensor networks due to the large scale of the networks, the resource constraints of bandwidth and energy on the sensing nodes, and the unreliability of the observation channels for recording the behavior. This paper presents a semi-automatic approach named H-SEND (hierarchical sensor network debugging) to observe the health of a sensor network and to remotely repair errors by reprogramming through the wireless network. In H-SEND, a programmer specifies correctness properties of the protocol ("invariants"). These invariants are associated with conditions (the "observed variables") of individual nodes or the network. The compiler automatically inserts checking code to ensure that the observed variables satisfy the invariants. The checking can be done locally or remotely, depending on the nature of the invariant. In the latter case, messages are generated automatically. If an error is detected at run-time, the logs of the observed variables are examined to analyze and correct the error. After errors are corrected, new programs or patches can be uploaded to the nodes through the wireless network. We construct a prototype to demonstrate the benefit of run-time detection and correction.
Job Design Task Attributes: An Evaluation of Prior Manipulations Based on a Retranslation Technique

A systematic understanding of responses to dimensions necessitates that the dimensions be defined and operationalized consistently. This paper's results indicate that task attribute manipulations have not consistently/represented the theoretical conceptualizations of the task characteristics. The implications of these results for job design research are discussed.
Effects of exogenous estrogen on uterine leukocyte recruitment.

Abstract Objective: To determine the role of estrogen in leukocyte recruitment to the human endometrium. Design: Prospective, controlled in vivo study. Setting: Academic research laboratory. Patient(s): Ten patients presenting for donor oocytes. Intervention(s): Endometrial biopsies for the evaluation of leukocyte populations were collected from perimenopausal women in two consecutive regulated cycles who were given two different regimens of estrogen with identical progesterone treatment. Main Outcome Measure(s): Immunohistochemical identification of endometrial leukocyte populations and relative levels of expression of three chemokine genes. Result(s): The total uterine leukocyte population increased significantly when the women received oral estrogen, which resulted in higher serum estrogen levels. This rise in leukocytes was due to a significant increase in both the uterine natural killer cells and the macrophage populations. T-cell numbers did not change relative to circulating estrogen levels. The relative abundance of mRNA from three chemokines was also determined. No changes were found in the expression of M-CSF or MCP-1. Interleukin 8 decreased in glands relative to estrogen levels. Conclusion(s): These data demonstrate that changes in circulating levels of estrogen can regulate the recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells to the uterine endometrium; however, the mechanism whereby that occurs remains elusive.
Comparison of the Complete Protein Sets of Worm and Yeast: Orthology and Divergence

Comparative analysis of predicted protein sequences encoded by the genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests that most of the core biological functions are carried out by orthologous proteins (proteins of different species that can be traced back to a common ancestor) that occur in comparable numbers. The specialized processes of signal transduction and regulatory control that are unique to the multicellular worm appear to use novel proteins, many of which re-use conserved domains. Major expansion of the number of some of these domains seen in the worm may have contributed to the advent of multicellularity. The proteins conserved in yeast and worm are likely to have orthologs throughout eukaryotes; in contrast, the proteins unique to the worm may well define metazoans.
Extreme-scale scripting: Opportunities for large task-parallel applications on petascale computers

Parallel scripting is a loosely-coupled programming model in which applications are composed of highly parallel scripts of program invocations that process and exchange data via files. We characterize here the applications that can benefit from parallel scripting on petascale-class machines, describe the mechanisms that make this feasible on such systems, and present results achieved with parallel scripts on currently available petascale computers.
An approach for tracing and understanding asynchronous architectures

Applications built in a strongly decoupled, event-based interaction style have many commendable characteristics, including ease of dynamic configuration, accommodation of platform heterogeneity, and ease of distribution over a network. It is not always easy to humanly grasp the dynamic behavior of such applications, since many threads are active and events are asynchronously (and profusely) transmitted. We present a set of requirements for an aid to assist in the human understanding and exploration of the behavior of such applications through the incremental refinement of rules for determining causality relationships between messages sent among components. A prototype tool is presented, indicating one viable approach to meeting these requirements. Experience with the tool reinforces some of the requirements and indicates others.
A reconfigurable spiral antenna for adaptive MIMO systems

We present a reconfigurable spiral antenna for use in adaptive MIMO systems. The antenna is capable of changing the sense of polarization of the radiated field. It is fabricated by using an RF-MEMS technology compatible with microwave laminate substrates developed within the author's group. The proposed antenna structure is built on a number of rectangular-shaped bent metallic strips interconnected to each other with RF-MEMS actuators. Two senses of polarization, RHCP and LHCP, are achieved by configuring the physical structure of the antenna, that is, by changing the winding sense of the spiral, through judicious activation of MEM actuators. The fabrication process for the monolithic integration of MEM actuators with bent microstrip pixels on RO4003-FR4 microwave laminate substrate is described. The measured and calculated radiation and impedance characteristics of the antenna are given. The operating frequency of the presented antenna design can easily be adjusted to be compatible with popular IEEE networking standards such as 802.11a.
Evaluation of Probability Distribution Function for the Life of Pavement Structures

Determination of the probability distribution function for the time to failure is essential for the development of pavement life models, because the probability distribution function reflects the variability in pavement degradation. The pavement life and failure time are associated with the number of equivalent standard axle load applications for which the degradations reach a critical level. When the critical degradation level is reached, maintenance and rehabilitation work needs to be done to improve pavement condition. Research was undertaken to identify the appropriate statistical models for determination of the probability distribution function for the time to failure of pavement structures. The study used the rutting data collected on a test lane at the first full-scale accelerated pavement test in Louisiana. The research indicated that closed-form solutions or Monte Carlo algorithms can be used when the degradation models have a known form. The bootstrap algorithm can be used to determine the confi...
Recent thermophysical developments on nuclear materials

The current status of chemical thermodynamics’of the actinide and lanthanide chalcogenides including high-temperature adiabatic calorimetry of these important compounds (with stress on their electronic, magnetic, order-disorder, disproportionation transitions), as well as the spin-wave magnetic contributions, is reviewed. Schottky anomalies (and the information they yield on crystal-field level splitting), definitive resolution of lattice and magnetic contributions for both first- and second-order phase transitions, and other unusual aspects of phase behavior are considered. Unpublished work on the uranium trioxides, the non-stoichiometric and metastable tetrauranium octaoxides, the uranates, etc. is included. The close parallel between actinide and lanthanide behavior evidenced by our recent unpublished thermal studies on the actinide and lanthanide trichlorides, and hexaborides is emphasized.
Teaching Cultural & Botanical Connections: Ethnobotany with Tea

Engaging students in ethnobotanical concepts can be a challenge if you present the topic as a straight lecture. I used the art of brewing tea, accompanied by numerous herbals (books), to impress upon my students how people have learned what plants are helpful or harmful to humanity
The Elliott Bay/Duwamish restoration program: A status report

Injuries to natural resources from the release of hazardous substances into aquatic environments have led to hundreds of millions of dollars in compensatory damages awarded under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and other legislation. The institutional mechanisms for negotiating and carrying out the terms of CERCLA natural resource settlements are still in their infancy, and each case has a unique set of injuries, assigned damages, payout schedules, trustee council membership and operating procedures, and environmental conditions and constraints. One of the settlements that has made significant progress toward large‐scale habitat enhancement has occurred in Elliott Bay, a busy, seriously impacted urban harbor in Washington State. The Elliott Bay case is unique among natural resource injury settlements because of the active involvement of two local governments, the City of Seattle, and Metro, who were named as defendants in a lawsuit brought by the National ...
Chemical and Physical Changes in Red Hake Fillets During Frozen Storage

Storage stability of frozen red hake blocks over a 6-month period was studied under commercial conditions with processing modifications. The rate of DMA formation was significantly greater in samples dipped in polyphosphate and erythorbate compared to a reference (−90°C) or to a 5-day aged sample. There were no significant differences in the rate of decrease of extractable protein nitrogen over the 24-week period. A trained sensory panel found samples from aged fish to be generally more acceptable from a flavor and texture stand-point than the other treated samples. Mechanical shear forces tended to be higher for samples dipped in polyphosphate-erythorbate and lowest for 5-day samples among treated fillets. With proper handling red hake fillets may make a satisfactory commercial frozen block.
SpliceGrapher: detecting patterns of alternative splicing from RNA-Seq data in the context of gene models and EST data

We propose a method for predicting splice graphs that enhances curated gene models using evidence from RNA-Seq and EST alignments. Results obtained using RNA-Seq experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana show that predictions made by our SpliceGrapher method are more consistent with current gene models than predictions made by TAU and Cufflinks. Furthermore, analysis of plant and human data indicates that the machine learning approach used by SpliceGrapher is useful for discriminating between real and spurious splice sites, and can improve the reliability of detection of alternative splicing. SpliceGrapher is available for download at http://SpliceGrapher.sf.net.
Performance analysis of combined transmit selection diversity and receive generalized selection combining in Rayleigh fading channels

We analyze the average symbol error rate (SER) of M-PSK and M-QAM modulations with transmit antenna selection diversity (SD) and receive generalized selection combining (GSC) in Rayleigh fading channels. SER formulas are derived in closed form, and numerical results show that transmit SD and receive GSC are flexible to tradeoff performance for complexity.
Exploratory analysis of genomic segmentations with Segtools

Background: As genome-wide experiments and annotations become more prevalent, researchers increasingly require tools to help interpret data at this scale. Many functional genomics experiments involve partitioning the genome into labeled segments, such that segments sharing the same label exhibit one or more biochemical or functional traits. For example, a collection of ChlP-seq experiments yields a compendium of peaks, each labeled with one or more associated DNA-binding proteins. Similarly, manually or automatically generated annotations of functional genomic elements, including cis-regulatory modules and protein-coding or RNA genes, can also be summarized as genomic segmentations. Results: We present a software toolkit called Segtools that simplifies and automates the exploration of genomic segmentations. The software operates as a series of interacting tools, each of which provides one mode of summarization. These various tools can be pipelined and summarized in a single HTML page. We describe the Segtools toolkit and demonstrate its use in interpreting a collection of human histone modification data sets and Plasmodium falciparum local chromatin structure data sets. Conclusions: Segtools provides a convenient, powerful means of interpreting a genomic segmentation.
ABCB19-mediated polar auxin transport modulates Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation and the endoreplication variant of the cell cycle.

Elongation of the Arabidopsis hypocotyl pushes the shoot-producing meristem out of the soil by rapid expansion of cells already present in the embryo. This elongation process is shown here to be impaired by as much as 35% in mutants lacking ABCB19, an ATP-binding cassette membrane protein required for polar auxin transport, during a limited time of fast growth in dim white light beginning 2.5 days after germination. The discovery of high ectopic expression of a cyclin B1;1-based reporter of mitosis throughout abcb19 hypocotyls without an equivalent effect on mitosis prompted investigations of the endoreplication variant of the cell cycle. Flow cytometry performed on nuclei isolated from upper (growing) regions of 3-day-old hypocotyls showed ploidy levels to be lower in abcb19 mutants compared with wild type. CCS52A2 messenger RNA encoding a nuclear protein that promotes a shift from mitosis to endoreplication was lower in abcb19 hypocotyls, and fluorescence microscopy showed the CCS52A2 protein to be lower in the nuclei of abcb19 hypocotyls compared with wild type. Providing abcb19 seedlings with nanomolar auxin rescued their low CCS52A2 levels, endocycle defects, aberrant cyclin B1;1 expression, and growth rate defect. The abcb19-like growth rate of ccs52a2 mutants was not rescued by auxin, placing CCS52A2 after ABCB19-dependent polar auxin transport in a pathway responsible for a component of ploidy-related hypocotyl growth. A ccs52A2 mutation did not affect the level or pattern of cyclin B1;1 expression, indicating that CCS52A2 does not mediate the effect of auxin on cyclin B1;1.
Mechanical Aspects of Surgical Correction of Male Sterility

Interest in the etiolgy and possible treatment of azoospermia caused by obstruction of the vasoepididymal ductal system prompted a study of 1 23 patients presenting with complete azoospermia and in whom surgical ex ploration or corrective surgery was performed. The causes for azoosperm ia included bilateral congenital absence of the epididymes bilateral failure of anastomic union between the vas and the epididymis bilateral absence of both vasa with anomalies of the epididymes bilateral epididy mitis due to a nonspecific organism and inadvertant bilateral surgical ligation of the vasa deferentia during operation of some other problem. Of 30 men who had undergone vasectomy and who exhibited reasonably satisfactory anatomic conditions to permit reanastomosis a 63% success rate was found. Vasoepididymal anastomoses yielded only an 8-10% success rate in restoring fertility. Results had both optimistic and pessimistic phases. Continued and widespread study concerning restorati on of fertility to more patients is needed.
High-definition CpG methylation of novel genes in gastric carcinogenesis identified by next-generation sequencing

Gastric cancers are the most frequent gastric malignancy and usually arise in the sequence of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis. CpG methylation is a central mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation affecting cancer-related genes, and occurs early in gastric carcinogenesis. DNA samples from non-metaplastic gastric mucosa with variable levels of gastritis (non-metaplastic mucosa), intestinal metaplasia, or gastric cancer were screened with methylation arrays for CpG methylation of cancer-related genes and 30 gene targets were further characterized by high-definition bisulfite next-generation sequencing. In addition, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed for correlation of methylation with gene expression. Overall, 13 genes had significantly increased CpG methylation in gastric cancer vs non-metaplastic mucosa (BRINP1, CDH11, CHFR, EPHA5, EPHA7, FGF2, FLI1, GALR1, HS3ST2, PDGFRA, SEZ6L, SGCE, and SNRPN). Further, most of these genes had corresponding reduced expression levels in gastric cancer compared with intestinal metaplasia, including novel hypermethylated genes in gastric cancer (FLI1, GALR1, SGCE, and SNRPN), suggesting that they may regulate neoplastic transformation from non-malignant intestinal metaplasia to cancer. Our data suggest a tumor-suppressor role for FLI1 in gastric cancer, consistent with recently reported data in breast cancer. For the genes with strongest methylation/expression correlation, namely FLI1, the expression was lowest in microsatellite-unstable tumors compared with other gastric cancer molecular subtypes. Importantly, reduced expression of hypermethylated BRINP1 and SGCE was significantly associated with favorable survival in gastric cancer. In summary, we report novel methylation gene targets that may have functional roles in discrete stages of gastric carcinogenesis and may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.
Modern practice and technological innovation in the nonferrous industries

The wealth implicit in American mineral resources is no longer a bonanza which lies in the ground for the taking—it now lies primarily in the extractive technology employed.
Victims' Rights Amendment: Unique Problems in Corporate Criminal Cases

WAKE UP white collar criminal litigators: Congress is alarmingly close to amending the Constitution in a manner that would have a nightmarish impact on the prosecution and defense of complex business crimes. A proposal to insert in the Constitution a "Crime Victims' Bill of Rights" alongside the original Bill of Rights may soon be speeding its way to state legislatures for near-certain ratification.Clearly the amendment would have a dramatic effect on the routine prosecution of violent crimes. Less well understood are the ramifications of the amendment for corporate criminal practice. This article explores those ramifications and concludes that, for these and other reasons, the amendment is premature and ill-advised.
Teachers, Tasks, and Tensions: Lessons From a Research-Practice Partnership

How teachers make sense of new academic standards significantly shapes the implementation of those standards. Professional development organized around the analysis of mathematical tasks has potential to prepare teachers for standards implementation by helping them develop common understandings of standards and how to help students meet ambitious new learning goals. In practice, however, designers and participants bring different goals to the professional development context, which becomes evident when teachers engage in task analysis. In this article, we use the design tensions framework (Tatar in Human Comput Interact 22(4):413–451, 2007. doi: 10.1080/07370020701638814 ) to analyze these tensions within a research–practice partnership comprised of five university researchers, three district curriculum leaders from a large urban school district, 12 high school Algebra 1 teachers from nine schools in the district, and a small team of Web engineers. Primary data for the study consist of participant observation and field notes of meetings in which project stakeholders negotiated the design of the professional development, as well as interview and survey data. An analysis based on the design tensions framework helped our partnership surface, both in the moment and retrospectively, the need for designers of professional development focused on standards implementation to be adaptive and willing to evolve activities to satisfy multiple stakeholders’ goals for participation.
Scombroid poisoning. Report of an outbreak.

Abstract An outbreak of scombroid poisoning occurred in San Francisco in the fall of 1977. The vehicle was sashimi prepared from spoiled tuna fish. Prompt public health measures prevented further consumption of the implicated food. Laboratory studies showed the presence in the tuna of bacterial species capable of producing large amounts of histamine, a substance strongly implicated in scombroid poisoning. Chemical analysis showed that histamine is very unevenly distributed in the flesh of spoiling tuna, therefore accounting for the sometimes random occurrence of disease among people eating the same food at the same table.
Obtenção e caracterização de farinhas de silagem ácida de resíduo de corvina (Micropogonias furniere) com e sem farelo de arroz

Produziu-se silagem quimica de residuos de Corvina, que foram moidos, distribuidos em baldes, e acidificados com acido acetico P.A. (10% P/V). Armazenados a temperatura ambiente, com revolvimento periodico, controle do pH, da temperatura e do grau de hidrolise. Apos 15 dias retirou-se a materia ossea por filtracao (saco de rafia), prensou-se, e parte do filtrado foi centrifugada obtendo-se as fracoes: liquida, proteica e gordurosa. Outra porcao do mesmo foi seca em estufa com e sem adicao de farelo de arroz. Determinou-se a composicao proximal da materia-prima, das fracoes, e o nitrogenio soluvel. Durante o processo a temperatura ambiente manteve-se entre 20 e 28°C, o pH abaixo de 4,5, e o teor de nitrogenio soluvel aumentou, alcancando 62%.A farinha de silagem de residuo de pescado ( FSP) apresentou 67% de proteina, em base seca (b.s.). Parte das proteinas da materia-prima ficou retida na farinha de minerais (FM : 33,49% de proteinas e 40,46 % de minerais ( b.s.) e as fracoes liquidas originaram :uma farinha mista, adsorvida em farelo de arroz desengordurado ( FSP+ FAD- com 35,17 % de proteinas e 11,93 % de minerais, b.s.) e um oleo bruto de pescado ( 97% de lipidios).
Adsorption and Removal of p-Nonylphenyl Poly (oxyethylene) Ether by Foam Fractionation Method

The removal of a small quantity of p-nonylphenyl poly (oxyethylene) ether (EO 10 moles) in water was studied by foam fractionation method.Air was bubbled through water at a constant flow rate (150cm3/min), and the adsorption of the surfactant on the (generated) bubble surface and its removal (effect) were measured.The results were as follows : 1) The adsorption of the surfactant on the bubble surface was found to come to an equilibrium in about two or three seconds, and the adsorption isotherm was confirmed to be in good agreement with Langmuir equation.2) In the continuous foam fractionation at a constant air flow rate, the removal effect was better as the concentration of the fed liquid was lower and the feeding rate was smaller.
Determination of the Intermolecular Entanglement Coupling Spacings in Polyisoprene by Viscosity Measurements.

The entanglement molecular weight (M e ) for polyisoprene has been estimated from the dependence of solution viscosity on molecular weight. Polymer concentrations of 1.82, 3.64, and 14.56 g/100 cm3 were used. Certain theoretical relationships between viscosity and molecular weight have been confirmed, and the prediction concerning the dependence of the entanglement molecular weight on polymer concentration has been substantiated. Furthermore, no variation in M e was detected in the range of 25 to 75 °C.
Model networks of end-linked polydimethylsiloxane chains

Elastomeric networks of high extensibility were prepared by end-linking mixtures of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane chains having molecular weights of approximately 600 and 11,000 g mol−1, with silanes chosen to give junction functionalities ϕ ranging from 3 to 8. The resulting bimodal networks were studied in elongation, at 25 °C, to their rupture points, and in swelling equilibrium in benzene at room temperature. The elongation moduli [f*] were found to be in satisfactory agreement with previous results obtained by end-linking hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane chains. Values of [f*] at low and moderate deformations gave relatively low values of the ratio of elasticity constants 2C2/2C1, which is a measure of the extent to which the elongation changes from approximately affine to nonaffine as the elongation increases. The low values obtained for this ratio are presumably due to diminished interpenetration of configurational domains in the case of very short chains. In spite of its small magnitude, 2C2/2C1 does show some decrease with increase in ϕ, as predicted by the recent molecular theory of rubberlike elasticity developed by Flory. The swelling equilibrium results were also found to be in satisfactory agreement with theory. The elongation moduli increased significantly at high elongations, and the values of the elongation at which the upturn was first discernible were very nearly independent of ϕ, This is consistent with the interpretation of this anomalous behaviour in terms of limited chain extensibility. The maximum extensibility generally decreased somewhat with increase in ϕ and this caused a decrease in both the ultimate strength and the toughness of the elastomer, as measured by the energy required for rupture.
Technological Affordances for the Music Education Researcher

The purpose of this study was to examine music education researchers’ perceptions of the importance of selected technologies to scholarly inquiry. Participants (N = 460), individuals who had published articles during a 5-year period between 2008 and 2012 in six prominent journals that disseminate music education research, were invited to complete an online questionnaire that asked them to rate the importance of various technological tools in relation to (a) their own scholarly inquiry and (b) graduate student music education researchers. A total of 250 responses were received, resulting in a 54% return rate. The participants indicated that a diverse set of technological tools is important to their personal research practice. They also suggested it was important for graduate student researchers to become acquainted with these tools. A potential model for conceptualizing the use of technology as an integrated part of the research process is proposed.
Age of Diagnosis is Associated with Disease Presentation and Therapeutic Complications in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Background Although Crohn's disease (CD) is usually diagnosed at a younger age, a growing population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is diagnosed above age 60 (elderly). The aim of this study was to compare disease phenotype, behavior, and therapy in elderly patients with CD to young patients diagnosed between 18 to 25 years. Methods This retrospective case-control study identified patients diagnosed with CD at age 60 or above (elderly) and matched them by gender and disease duration with 2 "young" controls diagnosed between 18 and 25 years. Demographic data, disease information, and medical and surgical history were collected from the University of Chicago Medicine inflammatory bowel disease database. Results Thirty-two patients were identified in the "elderly" group and matched to 64 "young" patients. Crohn's colitis was more common in older patients (37.5% versus 15.6%, P = 0.02) who were also less likely to have ileocolonic, perianal, or penetrating disease with less extraintestinal manifestations. After 1998, there was no difference in the use of steroids, 5-aminosalicylates, immunomodulators, biologics, or immunomodulators + biologics. No difference was found in the rates of bowel surgery between the 2 groups. Elderly patients developed fewer therapy-related noninfectious complications and Crohn's-related abscesses. Three serious infections (staphylococcal septicemia, pneumonia, and cryptococcal meningitis) were identified in 3 elderly patients on combination immunomodulators + biologics. Conclusions Elderly CD is more likely to present with Crohn's colitis and less likely to present with ileocolonic, perianal, or penetrating disease with less extraintestinal manifestations. Elderly are more likely to develop serious therapy-related infectious complications. Larger prospective trials are needed to evaluate the risks of CD immunosuppressive therapy in elderly patients.
An ICF Perspective on Voice-related Quality of Life of American Transgender Women.

Summary Purpose The factors and correlates of voice-related quality of life (vQOL) in American transgender women (ie, male-to-female) were examined using two questionnaires and were reviewed in the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model. This information will assist clinicians to be culturally and clinically competent providers of voice and communication feminization services. Methods A diverse group of 81 transgender women completed a survey to report relevant demographic information, as well as the Voice Handicap Index and the Transgender Self-evaluation Questionnaire (TSEQ). Descriptive statistics for the overall levels of vQOL were calculated. Items from the TSEQ were sorted to correspond to the ICF components to allow for description and ranking of factors impacting health function. Spearman correlations were used to examine the relationships between questionnaire scores and to select demographic and gender transition characteristics (ie, personal factors in the ICF). Results These transgender women reported a wide range of vQOL; some are severely restricted by their voice and communication, whereas others are not. The most common concerns are emotional reactions to activity limitations and participation restrictions. Personal factors related to demographics and gender transition generally were not significant contributors to the vQOL scores. Conclusions In addition to addressing the physiological functions of the voice, speech language pathologists should cultivate cultural competence and consider transgender clients' emotional reactions to voice function impairments and related life participation restrictions.
Linkages Between Mental Health Need and Help-Seeking Behavior Among Adolescents: Moderating Role of Ethnicity and Cultural Values

Risk of developing emotional and behavioral mental health problems increases markedly during adolescence. Despite this increasing need, most adolescents, particularly ethnic minority youth, do not seek professional help. Informed by conceptual models of health behavior, the current study examined how cultural values are related to help seeking among adolescents from 2 distinct racial/ethnic groups. Using a prospective survey design, 169 Vietnamese American and European American youth in 10th and 11th grade reported on their mental health need, as measured by emotional/behavioral mental health symptoms and stressful life events, with participants reporting on their help-seeking behavior at 6-month follow-up assessments. Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that mental health need interacted with cultural values and ethnicity to predict help-seeking behavior. Specifically, associations between symptoms and stressful life events, and help-seeking behavior were smaller among Vietnamese American adolescents, and among adolescents with strong family obligation values. These results underscore the complex sociocultural factors influencing adolescents' help-seeking behavior, which have important implications for engaging youth in needed mental health care.
Endotoxin hitchhiking on polymer nanoparticles

The control of microbial infections is critical for the preparation of biological media including water to prevent lethal septic shock. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. More than half a million patients suffer from sepsis every year. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are responsible for septic infection by the most common organisms i.e., Escherichia coli and Pseuodomonas aeruginosa. The bacterial cell membrane releases negatively charged endotoxins upon death and enzymatic destruction, which stimulate antigenic response in humans to gram-negative infections. Several methods including distillation, ethylene oxide treatment, filtration and irradiation have been employed to remove endotoxins from contaminated samples, however, the reduction efficiency remains low, and presents a challenge. Polymer nanoparticles can be used to overcome the current inability to effectively sequester endotoxins from water. This process is termed endotoxin hitchhiking. The binding of endotoxin on polymer nanoparticles via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions offers efficient removal from water. However, the effect of polymer nanoparticles and its surface areas has not been investigated for removal of endotoxins. Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer was tested for its ability to effectively bind and remove endotoxins from water. By employing a simple one-step phase separation technique, we were able to synthesize PCL nanoparticles of 398.3 ± 95.13 nm size and a polydispersity index of 0.2. PCL nanoparticles showed ~78.8% endotoxin removal efficiency, the equivalent of 3.9 × 105 endotoxin units (EU) per ml. This is 8.34-fold more effective than that reported for commercially available membranes. Transmission electron microscopic images confirmed binding of multiple endotoxins to the nanoparticle surface. The concept of using nanoparticles may be applicable not only to eliminate gram-negative bacteria, but also for any gram-positive bacteria, fungi and parasites.
Does a one-tier board affect firms’ performances? Evidences from Italian unlisted enterprises

Even though the financial literature has examined the relation between the composition of the board of directors and firms’ performances, few studies have investigated the effect of adopting a specific corporate governance system. Past studies have not found clear evidence of the superiority of a specific corporate governance system in terms of economic and financial performances; instead, they have generally been limited to legal systems where the adoption of a specific system is mandatory. In this paper, we take into consideration the case of the Italian Corporate Law Reform, which gives firms the opportunity to choose, in a non-mandatory way, between different governance systems and in particular between a one-tier model and the pre-existing system prior to the Reform. Using propensity score matching and focusing on a sample of unlisted Italian joint-stock companies, we found evidence of a significant worsening of performances from 2003 to 2013 for corporations adopting a one-tier board after the Reform.
Whether, Why, and Whom to Tell

In the present chapter, a model of the decision of whether to transmit reputation information is outlined. Properties of transmissibility drawn from the memetic literature (for a good reading on this field, see Aunger, 2000) will be applied to analyse this decision. In particular, four main aspects will be investigated: Whether and why reputation information is transmitted: what are the mechanisms and reasons underlying this decision To whom this information is transmitted: who are the recipients Whom it concerns: who is the target of reputation How it is conveyed: what are the channels and the contextual properties facilitating transmission
Treatment of Hepatitis B in HIV-Infected Persons

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a potentially controllable infection, but it is rarely eliminated from the body. During HBV replication, a covalently closed circular DNA molecule is formed, which remains intracellular and serves as a persistent reservoir that can cause reactivation of HBV infection years after a patient discontinues therapy.
Understanding Sustainability DNA: An Exploration into the Dna of the Top 100 Sustainable Companies

Metaphorically, a company’s tendency toward sustainability is a result of its DNA. That is, there are properties that trigger or shape sustainability activities within the organization. The company DNA holds the deeply rooted set of values and beliefs that provide behavioral norms that trigger or shape sustainability activities. Crittenden et al. (2011) identified three properties within a company’s sustainability DNA: core ideology, dynamic capabilities, and societal engagement. Collins and Porras (1996) proclaimed that a company’s core ideology was the glue that held the company together—the enduring character of the organization. Trice and Beyer (1993, p. 33) defined organizational ideology as the “shared, relatively coherent interrelated sets of emotionally charged beliefs, values and norms that bind some people together and help them make sense of their worlds.” Since the core ideology does not change continually, the company’s sustainability efforts must fit clearly within the domain of the company’s purpose and values. Thus, according to Crittenden et al. (2011), the company’s core ideology is exemplified by its mission and shared values. Day (1994) refers to organizational capabilities as complex bundles that are deeply embedded in organizational routines. Schreyogg and Kliesch-Eberl (2007) refer to these organizational capabilities as dynamic capabilities which are complex processes across an organization that can be built in different fields and at different levels of organizational activity. As such, Crittenden et al. (2011) propose that sustainable products are more likely to come from companies purporting to be integrated cross-functionally and that value collaboration internally and externally. Societal engagement involves the proactive development of strategies that benefit stakeholders and the organization. The supposition is that a firm’s DNA has an embedded awareness of both societal issues and opportunities to create societal benefits as organizational resources are deployed for competitive advantage.