cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rutin on Dicoumarolism.

ConclusionsUnder the experimental conditions employed, rutin does not antagonize dicoumarolism in rats. Presumably the defect in the vessel walls or their supporting structures which leads to hemorrhage in dicoumnrolism differs from that leading to the various hemorrhagic conditions which rutin and related “vitamin P”-like substances purportedly benefit. These facts, however, need not necessarily preclude the simultaneous use of dicoumarol and “vitamin P” for their separate effects, as illustrated by the report of MacLean and Brabel17 on the favorable effects of rutin and dicoumarol in various retinal vascular disorders.
Vesicoureteral reflux in the adult. III. Surgical correction: risks and benefits.

AbstractAntireflux surgery was successful in 97 per cent of 67 adults with primary bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. Mean followup was 43 months. Of the patients 93 per cent became free of acute pyelonephritis, although 50 per cent continued to experience occasional cystitis. Surgical correction of reflux had no beneficial effect on renal size, renal scars or significant proteinuria with impaired renal function. Antireflux surgery does not appear to be justified in cases of proteinuria unless recurrent symptomatic pyelonephritis becomes uncontrollable. Additionally, antireflux surgery did not appear to have any beneficial effect on hypertension or large bladder capacity. However, calculogenesis remained inactive with this and other adjunctive therapies.
Drug resistance and detection of extended-specteum β-lactamases produced by Escherichia coli isolates from hands of medical staff

Objective:To investigate the antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from the hands of medical staff.Methods:Bacterial samples of medical staff were collected,the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates was determined and confirmed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method,then the extended-spectrumβ-lactamases(ESBLs) genes were detected by PCR.Results:14 isolates of Escherichia coli were isolated from 157 bacterial samples,the rate was 8.9%,and its antibiotic resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin are generally high,2 ESBLs producing strains were dectcted which genotypes were CTX-M-1/TEM and CTX-M-9.Conclusion:The hands of medical staff may be the media of ESBLs producing bacterial strains in hospital,so hand hygiene should be improved to reduce nosocomial infection rate.
Discussion on clinical trial design of antibiotics/expectorants compounds

Oral antibiotics/expectorants compounds have become a hotspot in both the research field of antibiotics and drug registration in China. Because studies of this kind of compounds are insufficient, there are still doubts about their rationality. After confirming the safety of these compounds, well designed and strict controlled clinical trials are quite necessary to show their clinical value and clinical status. Designing problems were already found in the finished clinical trials. Based on literatures and experiences in drug review, this article is to discuss some questions need to be considered in designing clinical trial of antibiotics/expectorants compounds.
Photodynamic, therapy, an overview

Photodynamic therapy is largely an experimental modality for the treatment of a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. It involves the localization of a photoactivatable chemical (photosensitizer) followed by activation with appropriate energy radiation. This photoactivation leads to the generation of active molecular species which are ultimately toxic to biologic substrates (cells and tissues) that encounter them. Due to high absorption of wavelengths >600 nm by endogenous molecules, clinically useful photosensitizers are typically required to absorb at wavelengths >600 nm. Vigorous areas of investigation relevant to photodynamic therapy include design, synthesis and optimal delivery of photosensitizers, mechanisms(both biological and chemical) of phototoxicity and development of light delivery and dosimetry techniques in vivo. The current status and challenges in the field of photodynamic therapy will be discussed in this overview.
A wavelet entropy approach for detecting lightning faults on transmission lines

Many authors proposed methods to classify transients on transmission lines. However, all of these methods fail when a lightning strike evolves to a fault. In this paper we propose a new method that can be used to detect whether a lightning strike evolves to a fault or not. The mechanism for lightning strike evolving to a fault is first reviewed. Clarke Transformation is used to transform phase currents into 0-α-β components. The α-component is then normalized. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used afterwards to extract the coefficients of approximation_5 of the a-component. A window of one half of a cycle of post lighting data is then taken to calculate the entropy of the aerial current at that window by summing up the squares of the coefficients extracted. This energy (entropy) is compared against a preselected threshold. If the energy calculated is higher than this threshold then the strike is evolving to a fault. Numerous simulations have been done using ATP/EMTP to verify the validly of the method proposed.
MSC niche for hematopoiesis

Blood cell production is maintained throughout life by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which reside in specific areas of the bone marrow (BM) referred to as niches. These niches regulate the self-renewal, proliferation, and migration of HSC and also integrate signals from the periphery to respond to the hematopoietic demand. In the last decade, several putative cellular components of the HSC niche have been identified. Here, we briefly review current knowledge on different putative niche cells and their regulation.
Delaying Ambulation Mode Transition Decisions Improves Accuracy of a Flexible Control System for Powered Knee-Ankle Prosthesis

Powered lower limb prostheses can assist users in a variety of ambulation modes by providing knee and/or ankle joint power. This study’s goal was to develop a flexible control system to allow users to perform a variety of tasks in a natural, accurate, and reliable way. Six transfemoral amputees used a powered knee-ankle prosthesis to ascend/descend a ramp, climb a 3- and 4-step staircase, perform walking and standing transitions to and from the staircase, and ambulate at various speeds. A mode-specific classification architecture was developed to allow seamless transitions at four discrete gait events. Prosthesis mode transitions (i.e., the prosthesis’ mechanical response) were delayed by 90 ms. Overall, users were not affected by this small delay. Offline classification results demonstrate significantly reduced error rates with the delayed system compared to the non-delayed system (p < 0.001). The average error rate for all heel contact decisions was 1.65% [0.99%] for the non-delayed system and 0.43% [0.23%] for the delayed system. The average error rate for all toe off decisions was 0.47% [0.16%] for the non-delayed system and 0.13% [0.05%] for the delayed system. The results are encouraging and provide another step towards a clinically viable intent recognition system for a powered knee-ankle prosthesis.
SMASheD: Sniffing and Manipulating Android Sensor Data for Offensive Purposes

The current Android sensor security model either allows only restrictive read access to sensitive sensors (e.g., an app can only read its own touch data) or requires special install-time permissions (e.g., to read microphone, camera, or GPS). Moreover, Android does not allow write access to any of the sensors. Sensing-based security and non-security applications, therefore, crucially rely upon the sanity of the Android sensor security model. In this paper, we show that such a model can be effectively circumvented. Specifically, we build SMASheD, a legitimate framework under the current Android ecosystem that can be used to stealthily sniff as well as manipulate many of the Android's restricted sensors (even touch input). SMASheD exploits the Android debug bridge functionality and enables a malicious app with only the INTERNET permission to read, and write to, multiple different sensor data files at will. SMASheD is the first framework, to the best of our knowledge, that can sniff and manipulate protected sensors on unrooted Android devices, without user awareness, without constant device-PC connection and without the need to infect the PC. The primary contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we design and develop the SMASheD framework, and evaluate its effectiveness on multiple Android devices, including phones, watches, and glasses. Second, as an offensive implication of the SMASheD framework, we introduce a wide array of potentially devastating attacks. Our attacks against the touch sensor range from accurately logging the touchscreen input (TouchLogger) to injecting touch events for accessing restricted sensors and resources, installing and granting special permissions to other malicious apps, accessing user accounts, and authenticating on behalf of the user-essentially almost doing whatever the device user can do (secretively). Our attacks against various physical sensors (motion, position, and environmental) can subvert the functionality provided by numerous existing sensing-based security and non-security applications, including those used for (continuous) authentication, authorization, safety, and elderly care.
Introduction: A joyful history of anthropology

Many of us, in different parts of the world, face the responsibility of teaching the history of anthropology. In what ways do we narrate this history? While there are differences in styles of teaching across cultures and contexts, there are shared assumptions that we seek to challenge, for instance, the history of anthropological thought conceived of as a teleological parade of “isms,” each one outmoded by its successor, or an Oedipal sense of “postreflexive” anthropology as if “old” anthropology had no sense of politics or subjectivity. In this Special Section of Hau , entitled “A Joyful History of Anthropology,” we ask what it would mean to enliven our relationship to the history of anthropology. By “joyful” we do not mean a simple affirmation, but an intensity of engagement, the possibility of the reemergence of the old as the new, and a sense of anthropological texts as potentially exceeding the “isms” within which they are often bound. We invited articles that sought a nonteleological way to inhabit the history of anthropology, in the mode of immersion and agonistic or convivial companionship in ways that unsettle ideas of old and new within anthropology. Among the several abstracts we received in response from scholars across four continents, we selected the following six articles and a “game” that converse with one another across three themes: 1) Canonical recreations, 2) Minor events in the history of anthropology, and 3) Ways of inhabiting a body of knowledge. We do not necessarily make a claim to newness in our endeavor. Rather, we hope that this collection intensifies a longstanding albeit often incipient, and sometimes repressed tendency within anthropology, which is to encounter our disciplinary archive not necessarily as a history of error or villainy but as a field of possibilities.
The Genetic Basis of Truncate Wing,-an Inconstant and Modifiable Character in Drosophila.

Page 18, line 10, for "wheras" read "whereas", and for "T'3" read "T'2". Page 30, line 10, for "germ splasm" read "germ plasm". Page 38, line 2 from bottom, for "lines 1 and 2" read "line 1". Page 44, line 9 from bottom, "41" should be light-face like the denominator
Design, implementation, and evaluation of an online elective course on current topics in pharmacy.

Abstract Introduction To describe the design and implementation of the Current Topics in Professional Pharmacy online elective course and evaluate the degree to which the course improved student pharmacists’ awareness of and interest in current topics affecting the profession of pharmacy. Methods A one-credit hour online summer elective included weekly modules of current topics affecting the profession of pharmacy, along with a longitudinal final project in which students created their own current topic module. Each module consisted of assigned reference materials and online discussion forum posts to answer discussion questions and share professional opinions. Student achievement of curricular outcomes and course-specific objectives was measured utilizing pre- and post-course surveys, assessment of weekly module forum posts, and a final course knowledge and comprehension quiz. Results Student self-rated awareness and desire to stay updated on current topics in pharmacy increased significantly from pre-survey to post-survey (39.7% to 98.3% agree or strongly agree, p Conclusions Performance assessment and survey results demonstrated achievement of curricular outcomes and course objectives. Students completing the course showed an increased interest and awareness related to current topics affecting the profession of pharmacy.
Variability among public health systems informs data standards for electronic case reporting

Surveillance of communicable diseases depends on factors such as data completeness and timeliness. A lack of standards for disease reporting to health authorities further hampers use of this data. To reveal how regional differences impact more rapid and consistent electronic case reports, we characterized these reporting practices from a sample of US states, with a focus on novel influenza. Reporting guidelines and case report forms were systematically coded to record the presence or absence of data elements. A comparison of these shows clear differences between the data elements required by guidelines and collected in forms. Our results yield a core set of data elements which could be required for electronic case reporting standards. The analysis may also help inform efforts to better align forms and guidelines where they do not match. Our findings highlight the need for common, standardized data elements harmonized with guidelines for public health practice.
Exploring social work student education: The effect of a harm reduction curriculum on student knowledge and attitudes regarding opioid use disorders.

ABSTRACTBackground: This study evaluates the degree to which a harm reduction intervention course module impacted Master of Social Work (MSW) students’ knowledge and attitudes towards addressing opioid use disorder issues and clients. Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, data from 124 MSW students were collected between 2011 and 2015. Students completed a 3-hour course module that focused on harm reduction philosophy and interventions specifically for opioid use disorders. Students completed pre- and posttest of the Harm Reduction Attitude Scale. Students were also engaged in focus groups to gain a better understanding of how and if their knowledge and attitudes changed. Results: Overall, attitudes towards harm reduction approaches for opioid use disorder shifted favorably following the course module. Paired t-test results show a statistically significant difference in the mean scores for pretest attitudes (M = 2.64, SD = 0.16) and posttest attitudes (M = 2.86, SD = 0.12) among social work students. T...
The analytical transfer matrix method for PT-symmetric complex potential

We have extended the analytical transfer matrix (ATM) method to solve quantum mechanical bound state problems with complex PT-symmetric potentials. Our work focuses on a class of models studied by Bender and Jones, we calculate the energy eigenvalues, discuss the critical values of g and compare the results with those obtained from other methods such as exact numerical computation and WKB approximation method.
An experimental therapeutics test of whether adding dissonance-induction activities improves the effectiveness of a selective obesity and eating disorder prevention program

An experimental therapeutics test of whether adding dissonance-induction activities improves the effectiveness of a selective obesity and eating disorder prevention program
Adopting Energy-Efficient Technologies for Street Lighting: Overcoming Challenges for Utilities

This brief discusses energy-efficient street lighting technologies and conversions from the utility’s perspective and identifies various business cases for undertaking street lighting upgrades. Section 1 of the brief reviews the costs and benefits of utility investment in energy efficiency technologies and smart infrastructure for utility-owned streetlights. Section 2 presents lessons learned and best practices for light-emitting diode (LED) conversions for utility-owned street lights. Section 3 discusses street light buyback options from the utility’s perspective. Section 4 reviews success factors for LED conversions. The resources listed at the end of the brief provide more information.
Social Structure and Gene Dynamics in Mammals

A few studies have suggested that social structure can have major influences on genetic properties, or gene dynamics, of populations. This Special Feature investigates this suggestion with new empiricism and modeling. Standard statistical methods for describing genetic structuring of local populations that is caused by social structure are presented, and several new methods are both introduced and applied. With these methods, genetic properties of populations can be investigated using biochemical data, pedigrees, and behavioral-demographic models (called breeding-group models). New data from black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), red howling monkeys (Aloutta seniculus), and humans indicate that social structure of populations can produce significant influences on gene dynamics. In addition, new modeling shows that genetic structuring caused by social breeding groups produces constraints on further social evolution. Many characteristics of social systems might influence gene dynamics, such as group composition with respect to sex and kinship, mating preferences, and dispersal movements. Mammalian species exhibit a wide variety of social systems, and thus provide opportunities for investigation of the sensitivity of gene dynamics to behavioral and demographic characteristics.
Rhinoceros ownership and attitudes towards legalization of global horn trade within South Africa's private wildlife sector

South Africa's private sector is vital to rhino conservation yet there is a lack of research into the attitudes of current and potential rhino owners towards rhino conservation and horn trade. We surveyed 169 members of the South African private wildlife ranching industry to examine these matters. We sought to understand: (1) ranchers’ motivations for owning or not owning rhinos, (2) how rhino ownership affects ranchers’ income and operations, and (3) the attitudes of wildlife industry members towards legalization of global rhino horn trade. Our findings indicate that all respondents recognize the risks of rhino ownership and tend to distrust national and provincial environmental departments. In addition to these concerns, rhino owners have substantial monthly security and management expenditures. We found positive attitudes overall towards global rhino horn trade. Rhino owners strongly agreed that legalization would benefit rhino owners and rhino conservation. Documenting the realities of private rhino ownership and the opinions of the wildlife industry is important for policy design and for informed debate about the legalization of the rhino horn trade.
#FutureCrime: What Is Crime in the Age of New Media?

The commission and control of crime are changing due to new media. Crimes are committed online, law enforcement investigates the social media accounts of alleged perpetrators, and questions are being asked about the responsibility of new media in crime control responses. Using four case studies, this chapter explores crime and victimization in the context of new media. Each case study addresses a particular form of new media crime—trolling, revenge porn, cyberbullying, and performance crime—and examines prevalence, the criminal legal response, and emerging questions.
A pharmacist‐driven antimicrobial stewardship intervention targeting cytomegalovirus viremia in ambulatory solid organ transplant recipients

Background There is a growing need for robust antimicrobial stewardship interventions in both ambulatory and solid organ transplant (SOT) populations. Methods A retrospective quasi-experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship intervention targeting cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in ambulatory SOT recipients. The intervention consisted of (a) real-time CMV DNA surveillance and result notification conducted by the pharmacist and (b) recommendations for the optimization of drug therapy provided at the time of result notification. The intervention period was compared to a pre-intervention period of usual care. Of 431 adult SOT recipients who had an initial quantifiable CMV viral load in the ambulatory setting, 185 received antiviral induction therapy and were included for analysis. Results Significantly fewer patients in the intervention period reached a CMV viral load >10 000 IU/mL immediately prior to treatment (10.6% vs 27.3%; P = 0.004), and a significantly greater proportion of patients in the intervention period achieved CMV eradication at 21 days (84.5% vs 71.7%; P = 0.038). Additional differences favoring the intervention period were antiviral initiation within 5 days of the first quantifiable CMV DNA (62.4% vs 55.0%; P = 0.02) and time-to-CMV eradication (25.5 vs 28.9 days; P = 0.003). Although not significant, there were also numerical reductions in CMV-related hospital admissions (11.9% vs 19.0%; P = 0.188) and CMV disease (5.9% vs 12.0%; P = 0.151) during the intervention period, as well as fewer episodes of CMV resistance at 1-year (2.3% vs 4.0%; P = 0.689). Conclusion Together, these findings suggest a potential role for pharmacist involvement in CMV surveillance and treatment optimization in ambulatory SOT recipients.
Can the Balkans Join the West

Today, the Balkans—even the enduring trouble spots in Bosnia, Macedonia, Serbia, and Kosovo—are at peace. The region struggled through a violent post-Communist decade in the 1990s but in the early years of the new millennium made real progress in transitioning to more open, democratic societies. Balkans trade and finance are already linked to European markets, but the EU has stalled enlargement until 2025, when it intends to be ready to welcome additional Balkan members. Montenegro and Serbia lead the regatta, but both face major challenges in institutionalizing the rule of law. That is even more true of the laggards, Bosnia and Kosovo. While skepticism about qualifications and dates is justified, the incentive of EU membership is vital to driving continued reform in the region.
A Case for Cognitive Models in Visualization Research : Position paper

The visualization community has seen a rise in the adoption of user studies. Empirical user studies systematically test the assumptions that we make about how visualizations can help or hinder viewers’ performance of tasks. Although the increase in user studies is encouraging, it is vital that research on human reasoning with visualizations be grounded in an understanding of how the mind functions. Previously, there were no sufficient models that illustrate the process of decision-making with visualizations. However, Padilla et al. [41] recently proposed an integrative model for decision-making with visualizations, which expands on modern theories of visualization cognition and decision-making. In this paper, we provide insights into how cognitive models can accelerate innovation, improve validity, and facilitate replication efforts, which have yet to be thoroughly discussed in the visualization community. To do this, we offer a compact overview of the cognitive science of decision-making with visualizations for the visualization community, using the Padilla et al. [41] cognitive model as a guiding framework. By detailing examples of visualization research that illustrate each component of the model, this paper offers novel insights into how visualization researchers can utilize a cognitive framework to guide their user studies. We provide practical examples of each component of the model from empirical studies of visualizations, along with visualization implications of each cognitive process, which have not been directly addressed in prior work. Finally, this work offers a case study in utilizing an understanding of human cognition to generate a novel solution to a visualization reasoning bias in the context of hurricane forecast track visualizations.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes after bowel surgery and ostomy formation at the time of debulking surgery for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Objective There are limited data on clinical outcomes of patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer who require ostomy formation at the time of either primary cytoreductive surgery or interval cytoreductive surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate patients undergoing bowel surgery and ostomy formation after primary or interval surgery. Methods Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC-IV epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent cytoreductive surgery between January 2010 and December 2014 were identified retrospectively. Patients with non-epithelial histology, low-grade serous histology or incomplete medical records were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. Age, stage, co-morbidity index, pre-operative CA125, pre-operative albumin, and Aletti surgical complexity score were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to assess independent associations with ostomy formation. Results A total of 554 patients were included in the study. Of these, 261 (47%) underwent primary cytoreduction and 293 (53%) underwent interval cytoreduction. Patients undergoing primary surgery were more likely to undergo bowel resection, compared with interval surgery patients (37.2% vs 14%, p Conclusion Bowel surgery is more common among patients undergoing primary surgery as compared with interval surgery, but this does not result in an increased risk of ostomy formation.
Rapid Pathogen Identification With Direct Application of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry on an Endophthalmitis Vitreous Sample Without Prior Culture:

Purpose:We report a case of a 72-year-old man with bleb-related endophthalmitis (BRE) whose vitreous samples were directly analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight m...
GFR Measurement and Chemotherapy Dosing in Patients with Kidney Disease and Cancer

Chemotherapeutic agents require precise dosing to ensure optimal efficacy and minimize complications. For those agents which are removed from the body by the kidney, accurate knowledge of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is critical. In addition, GFR needs to be determined rapidly, easily and, if possible, with little additional cost. The ability to easily measure GFR also allows for rapid detection of nephrotoxicity. Current methodologies include direct clearance measurement of an indicator substance or estimation of creatinine clearance or GFR through regression equations that use a serum marker such as creatinine or cystatin C. These methodologies all have shortfalls and limitations some of which are specific to the cancer patient. Newer methodologies that directly measure GFR are in clinical trials and offer the ability to rapidly and non-invasively provide accurate estimates of drug clearance as well as detection of nephrotoxicity. These methods offer the opportunity to refine drug dosing and improve outcomes.
Psychogenic Gait Disorder Complicating Recovery after Concussion: A Case Series

Abstract Background Gait impairment is common after concussion. “Dizziness” is associated with prolonged recovery after concussion. Most often each of these symptoms is considered to be of vestibular origin. However, whether or not there are psychological etiologies of gait instability that complicate concussion recovery has been less fully explored. Methods A chart review was performed of all patients seen between 2017 and 2019 in a weekly pediatric traumatic brain injury clinic. Results Of eighty-four patients with traumatic brain injury, five were found to have developed a classic psychogenic gait. All were adolescents at the time of diagnosis. Recognition of this complication led to modification/initiation of physical therapy and/or mental health intervention and eventual resolution for all patients. Conclusion Although uncommon, psychogenic gait disorders may complicate concussion recovery in adolescents likely at a higher rate than their occurrence in the general population. This association has not been previously reported. Accurate diagnosis of psychogenic gait likely improves outcomes in this subset of patients with concussion.
The Importance of Agriculture in Medieval Jewish Life: The Case of Crete

This article describes how Jews in medieval Crete were involved in, and knowledgeable about, agricultural practices. It pushes back against a persistent view in the scholarly literature that medieval Jews were alienated from the land, and that their disproportionate involvement in trade hastened the Commercial Revolution. The study attempts to show that Cretan Jews took halakhic strictures on agriculture seriously, and that, as a result, they farmed differently from their Greek Orthodox and Latin Christian peers. By examining Jewish texts from the Hellenic territories of the Venetian Republic, the article makes the case that stereotypes of Jews as merchants betrays abundant evidence that medieval Jews were deeply engaged in cultivating the land.
Analytical guidelines to increase the value of citizen science data: using eBird data to estimate species occurrence

Abstract Citizen science data are valuable for addressing a wide range of ecological research questions, and there has been a rapid increase in the scope and volume of data available. However, data from large-scale citizen science projects typically present a number of challenges that can inhibit robust ecological inferences. These challenges include: species bias, spatial bias, and variation in effort. To demonstrate addressing key challenges in analysing citizen science data, we use the example of estimating species distributions with data from eBird, a large semi-structured citizen science project. We estimate two widely applied metrics of species distributions: encounter rate and occupancy probability. For each metric, we assess the impact of data processing steps that either degrade or refine the data used in the analyses. We also test whether differences in model performance are maintained at different sample sizes. Model performance improved when data processing and analytical methods addressed the challenges arising from citizen science data. The largest gains in model performance were achieved with: 1) the use of complete checklists (where observers report all the species they detect and identify); and 2) the use of covariates describing variation in effort and detectability for each checklist. Occupancy models were more robust to a lack of complete checklists and effort variables. Improvements in model performance with data refinement were more evident with larger sample sizes. Here, we describe processes to refine semi-structured citizen science data to estimate species distributions. We demonstrate the value of complete checklists, which can inform the design and adaptation of citizen science projects. We also demonstrate the value of information on effort. The methods we have outlined are also likely to improve other forms of inference, and will enable researchers to conduct robust analyses and harness the vast ecological knowledge that exists within citizen science data.
Modeling of Organic Thermoelectric Material Properties

One of the next innovations in thermoelectric (TE) device design is the implementation of organic materials in manufacturing thermoelectric generators including flexible and wearable ones. While organic materials pose to be very beneficial due to versatility, pliability, and availability, the main challenge is to tailor their TE properties to match or even exceed the performance of traditional inorganic TE materials. Although a number of experiments and measurements have been performed on organic materials, the dominant mechanisms that control those TE properties are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to gain better understanding through simulation, modeling, and design of organic materials. This chapter reviews the most recent advances made in the simulation of organic TE materials. Through continued work in this field, the understanding of organic TE material properties is expected to be significantly advanced. This will allow a new wave of innovation in the field of thermoelectric materials.
Overinvestment in selected Central and Eastern European countries: Production and economic effects.

Farms need to invest in order to earn incomes and maintain their competitive edge. However, the scale and extent of investments must be aligned with resources of other productive inputs, primarily including land, because otherwise there is risk of overinvestment. Since 2004, Central and Eastern European countries have been provided with access to investment support programs; these are non-repayable aid funds which can potentially lead to overinvestment issues. Therefore, this paper attempts to answer the question on the scale of overinvestment in the countries covered. This is all the more important since that problem has rarely been addressed in economic and agricultural research. The study presented in this paper is unique in that the research tasks are based on unpublished Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) microdata for 5839 selected Central and Eastern European farms provided by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development (DG AGRI). Based on variables relating to the amount of productive inputs and production volumes, the authors developed their own typology of farms which includes the following categories: optimum investment levels (the growth rate of labor productivity is greater than growth in the assets-to-land ratio); relative overinvestment (while labor productivity grows, it does so at a slower rate than the assets-to-land ratio); absolute overinvestment (labor productivity declines while the assets-to-land ratio grows); underinvestment (decline in both labor productivity and the assets-to-land ratio). The authors demonstrated that members of the ‘absolute overinvestment’ group made flagrant mistakes in investment planning and implementation, whereas members of the ‘relative overinvestment’ group did record an improvement in labor productivity which ultimately can be considered a positive outcome. Underinvested farms were a very small minority in each country. In addition to filling a gap in the methodology for determining agricultural overinvestment, this paper also indicates the scale of that issue in Central and Eastern European countries. This study may be of importance both to farms (as guidelines for investment planning) and to agricultural policymakers who develop investment support programs.
U shape association of hemoglobin level with in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients.

Our hypothesis was that high hemoglobin (Hb) level might be associated with hypercoagulable state and death due to COVID-19. Of the 9467 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, patients were subdivided into 5 groups based on the level of Hb; Hb < 10 g/dL, 10 g/dL ≤ Hb < 12 g/dL, 12 g/dL ≤ Hb < 14 g/dL, 14 g/dL ≤ Hb < 16 g/dL, and Hb ≥ 16 g/dL. Compared to patients with 12 g/dL ≤ Hb < 14 g/dL, patients with Hb ≥ 16 g/dL had significantly higher adjusted in-hospital mortality (OR [95% CI] 1.62 [1.15–2.27], P = 0.005).
Understanding sexual and gender minority substance use through latent profiles of ecological systems

Background: Whereas the increased use of substances in sexual and gender minority (SGM) samples has been well documented, further person-centered analyses are necessary to better understand the unique profiles of SGM individuals and substance use. Methods: Utilizing a sample of 1,852 SGM emerging adults (Mage = 23.31) recruited via Prolific, a latent profile analysis was conducted to determine profiles of ecological systems using self-esteem, hope for the future, minority group connection, and a history of childhood adverse experiences. These profiles were then used to explore intergroup differences in the use of substances (alcohol, cannabis, prescription opioids, hallucinogens, heroin, tobacco, and amphetamines). Results: Four profiles were identified in this sample: (1) moderate with low self-esteem (47.8%), (2) connected with low adversity (30.9%), (3) moderate with high self-esteem (11.5%), and (4) disconnected with adversity (9.7%). Significant differences between profiles in the frequency of use were found in all substances except for cannabis and hallucinogens. Of note, participants in the connected with low adversity profile reported significantly more frequent alcohol use (M = 3.30) compared to the disconnected with adversity (M = 2.89) and the moderate with low self-esteem (M = 2.96) profiles. Additionally, the disconnected with adversity profile reported significantly more frequent tobacco use (M = 1.99) compared to all other profiles. Conclusion: With a majority of the sample fitting profiles marked by mental health concerns, the present study indicates the need to identify and address risk and protective factors for SGM emerging adults' substance use and highlights differences within the larger SGM community. Implications for improving mental health are described.
Hydrogen bonding interactions can decrease clar sextet character in acridone pigments

Computed nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), contour plots of isotropic magnetic shielding (IMS), and gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) plots suggest that polarization of the π-system of acridones may perturb the numbers and positions of Clar sextet rings. Decreasing numbers of Clar sextets are connected to experimental observations of a narrowing HOMO–LUMO gap and increased charge mobility in solid-state assemblies of quinacridone and epindolidione.
Aristotle on Natural Justice

In Nicomachean Ethics book 5 chapter 7 (or Eudemian Ethics book 4 chapter 7), Aristotle introduces the topic of natural justice. His brief and elliptical discussion has provoked much controversy. It seems to confuse the issue rather than do anything to clear it up. The natural just, if there is such a thing, must be the same everywhere, for nature is the same everywhere, as Aristotle concedes with his example of fire that burns upwards here and in Persia. Yet he goes on to argue that there is nothing naturally just the same everywhere for everyone, but that the natural, at least for us human beings, always changes. There are clues in the passage in question that scholars have focused on in order to unravel Aristotle’s meaning. But there is one clue that scholars have hitherto almost entirely ignored (an exception is Dirlmeier, who
Preparation of Poliovirus Labeled with Phosphorus-33

Phosphorus-33 ((33)P), a weak (0.25 Mev) beta-emitting isotope of phosphorus with a half-life of 25 days, has been used to label poliovirus in cell culture. HeLa cell monolayers were depleted of phosphate and then labeled by incubating at 37 C in a medium (LM) containing about 10 muCi of (33)P as orthophosphate per ml. Labeled cells were infected at a high multiplicity with poliovirus type 1 and incubated for 8 hr in LM medium. Virus from infected cells was then concentrated and purified. Virus purity was confirmed by comparison of virus infectivity and radioactivity after CsCl density gradient centrifugation and by observing purified virus preparations with electron microscopy. With the method described, yields of about 10(10) to 5 x 10(10) plaque-forming units (PFU) of highly purified poliovirus with specific activities of about 3 x 10(-4) to 10(-3) disintegrations per min per PFU have been obtained from 1.5 x 10(8) to 3.0 x 10(8) HeLa cells.
Examination of Austenite Solidification and Spheroidal Graphite Growth in Ni-Fe-C Alloys

The austenite phase and the spheroidal graphite in a Ni-Fe-C alloy at various solidification stages were captured by quenching experiments using spherical ceramic shell molds with inserted thermocouples. Multiple graphite nodules /spheroidal graphite particles inside an eutectic cell were observed using optical microscopy. Individual eutectic cells were differentiated by an intermetallic phase occurring within the interdendritic regions. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and orientation image mapping (OIM) analyses were performed to investigate the crystallographic orientation and the grain boundary distribution of the austenite grains surrounding individual spheroidal graphite particles. The austenite engulfment process around the spheroidal graphite was revealed by EBSD/OIM analyses. Examination of the graphite nodules extracted by deep etching experiments revealed three stages of growth for the spheroidal graphite particles.
Goedel's Property Abstraction and Possibilism

Godel’s Ontological argument is distinctive because it is the most sophisticated and formal of ontological arguments and relies heavily on the notion of positive property . Godel uses a third-order modal logic with a property abstraction operator and property quantification into modal contexts. Godel describes positive property as "independent of the accidental structure of the world"; "pure attribution," as opposed to privation; "positive in the 'moral aesthetic sense.'" Pure attribution seems likely to be related to the Leibnizian concept of perfection. By a careful examination of the formal semantics of third-order modal logic with property abstraction together with a Completeness result for third-order modal logic with property abstraction for faithful models that I previously developed in 2000 in my work, Godel’s Ontological Argument , I argue that it is not possible to develop a sufficient applied third-order modal semantics for Godel’s ontological argument. As I explore possible approaches for an applied semantics including anti-Realist accounts of the semantics of modal logic compatible with Actualism, I argue that Godel makes implicit philosophical assumptions which commit him to both possibilism (the belief in merely possible objects) and modal realism (the belief in possible worlds).
Sterilization and Filtration

This unit on sterility in the tissue culture environment describes methods for sterilization of liquid and dry goods used for tissue culture and filtration of liquids to prevent contamination of cultures.
Interim Report on the Texas Survey

The University of Texas Radio Astronomy Observatory (UTRAO) is engaged in a survey of the entire sky north of −35° declination at various frequencies in the range 335–380 MHz. Primary goals are (i) determination of accurate ~l“) positions for about 50,000 sources, followed by (ii) optical identification of the sources on the basis of exact radio-optical position coincidence; (iii) provision of rough structure models for all listed sources; and (iv) monitor the sky for variable sources on the time scale of 1 to 2 years. The survey is not expected to be a reliable source of absolute flux density information except for those sources known to be unresolved from other work.
Overuse Injuries in Military Personnel

The most common reason of medical evacuation for non-combat related injuries appears to be related to the musculoskeletal system. This is reported during both military deployments as well as during basic combat training. The most common cause of non-combat musculoskeletal injuries appear to occur from overuse, generally as a result of physical training. Overuse injuries are considered an outcome of the overtraining syndrome, which is considered a continuum of negative adaptations to training. Symptoms appear when the training stimulus has reached the point where the intensity and or volume of training have become too excessive, coupled with inadequate rest and recovery. These are issues that are quite common within the military during both training and deployment. During periods of deployment additional physiological stresses such as the environment (altitude, cold and heat), and nutritional and sleep deprivation may pose significant challenges on the health and performance of the soldier. This is often manifested during sustained combat operations, in which the ability to provide rest and recovery become secondary to the mission’s objectives. This chapter will focus on the frequency, mechanism and risks associated with overuse injuries reported during both military training and deployment.
Adequacy of Disclosure of Restrictions on Flipping IPO Securities

Over $40 billion was raised in initial public offerings during 1998. For a variety of reasons, stock sold in an initial public offering (IPO), on average, quickly trades significantly above its initial offering price, providing quick gains to the initial purchasers. Investment banks that underwrite IPOs take a number of actions to discourage purchasers of stock in IPOs from quickly reselling their stock, called "flipping." In one recently reported method, which is not fully disclosed in offering documents, underwriters refuse to permit those who flip stock purchased in an IPO to purchase in subsequent IPOs. These penalties for flipping, however, are imposed selectively, with favored customers not punished (or punished less severely), and with different brokerage firms requiring differing holding periods to avoid the adverse consequences. This Article examines the implications of this practice under the disclosure obligations imposed by federal securities laws. It concludes that the current disclosure is materially misleading, particularly in light of the failure to disclose the selective application of the penalties. Moreover, that the penalties are applied selectively casts significant doubt on whether these offerings can be considered "fixed price" offerings, which would mean that cursory disclosure of the practice would not suffice.
What is a “Great Neighborhood”? An Analysis of APA's Top-Rated Places

Problem, research strategy, and findings: The American Planning Association's (APA) annual “Great Neighborhoods” program was established to define the “gold standard” of neighborhoods in America. U...
Comparing retrieval performance in online data bases

Abstract This study systematically compares retrievals on 11 topics across five well-known data bases, with MEDLINE's subject indexing as a focus. Each topic was posed by a researcher in the medical behavioral sciences. Each was searched in MEDLINE, EXCERPTA MEDICA, and PSYCINFO, which permit descriptor searches, and in SCISEARCH and SOCIAL SCISEARCH, which express topics through cited references. Searches on each topic were made with (1) descriptors, (2) cited references, and (3) natural language (a capability common to all five data bases). The researchers who posed the topics judged the results. In every case, the set of records judged relevant was used to calculate recall, precision, and novelty ratios. Overall, MEDLINE had the highest recall percentage (37%), followed by SSCI (31%). All searches resulted in high precision ratios; novelty ratios of data bases and searches varied widely. Differences in record format among data bases affected the success of the natural language retrievals. Some 445 documents judged relevant were not retrieved from MEDLINE using its descriptors; they were found in MEDLINE through natural language or in an alternative data base. An analysis was performed to examine possible faults in MEDLINE subject indexing as the reason for their nonretrieval. However, no patterns of indexing failure could be seen in those documents subsequently found in MEDLINE through known-item searches. Documents not found in MEDLINE primarily represent failures of coverage—articles were from nonindexed or selectively indexed journals. Recommendations to MEDLINE managers include expansion of record format and modification of journal and article selection policies.