cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of Spatial RF Energy Harvesting for D2D Cellular Networks

Energy efficiency is one of the major challenges of 5G networks. As data rates are expected to increase by 1000x from 4G to 5G, energy efficiency will need to improve by about the same amount. Recently, energy harvesting techniques have attracted lots of attention from the scientific community, due to their ability to increase network lifetime. More specific, energy harvesting from ambient radio frequency (RF) signals is of special importance, especially with the recent RF circuit advancements. In this paper, we consider a device-to-device (D2D) communication in underlay cellular networks, where D2D users reuse the spectrum occupied by cellular users. We introduce the concept of spatial RF energy harvesting, where D2D users harvest RF power from uplink cellular transmissions, if it exceeds a predesigned threshold, in a spatial region. Using tools from stochastic geometry, we obtain a closed form expression for the probability of activating RF power conversion circuit by making full use of spatial locations of ambient RF signals. Subsequently, we study the impact of RF energy harvesting region radius to harvest sufficient power on the signal-to-interference (SIR) ratio of D2D network. Simulation results provide insights for the required advancements to design highly efficient RF harvesting circuits.
Facile synthesis of ZnO@ZIF core–shell nanofibers: crystal growth and gas adsorption

ZnO@ZIF-8 core–shell nanofibers were manufactured via direct growth of ZIF-8 on eletrospun ZnO nanofibers for the first time. The versatility of this synthesis strategy for other ZnO@ZIF nanofibers was also demonstrated. The as-synthesized ZnO@ZIF-8 nanofibers exhibit enhanced CO2 adsorption ability and unique adsorption preference as compared to pristine ZnO nanofibers.
Covert Events: The Logical Status of First-Person Reports

Contrary to common practice, clients’ statements about inner occurrences ought not to be treated as data reports about covert events because such statements do not, strictly speaking, refer to covert events. Instead, clients’ statements are to be interpreted as behavior from which hypothetical constructs may be inferred. When viewed in this way, clients’ statements do not narrowly restrict theorizing about covert events.
Dynamics of hyperbranched polymers derived from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil

Abstract In this article we demonstrate the role of chain architecture on the relaxation dynamics of poly(acrylated epoxidized soybean oil) (PAESO), a hyperbranched polymer, with a particular focus on the role played by intramolecular loops. PAESO is produced by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) containing an average of 2.6 polymerizable acrylic moieties per trigylceride. By adjusting the relative concentrations of solvent, monomer, and RAFT chain transfer agent, PAESO undergoes a series of both inter-molecular and intra-molecular reactions such that both molecular weight and chain architecture vary throughout the reaction. While intermolecular reactions are responsible for branching, intra molecular reactions introduce loops to the structure with altogether different consequences on chain conformations and segmental dynamics. Using dynamic shear rheology in the linear viscoelastic regime we find that Rouse/Zimm-like dynamics persist to molecular weights as high as 390 kDa and that the primary influence of looping is to strongly suppress the number of Zimm relaxation modes.
Industrial Safety and Health for People-Oriented Services

Industrial safety and health for people-oriented services , Industrial safety and health for people-oriented services , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Preferentially Marks and Promotes Gut Regulatory T Cells.

Summary The local environment may affect the development and function of tissue-resident T regulatory cells (Tregs), which are crucial for controlling inflammation. Although the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), an environmental sensor, is expressed by Tregs, its role in Treg cell development and/or function remains elusive. Here, we generated mouse genetic models to ablate or activate Ahr expression specifically in Tregs. We showed that Ahr was expressed more abundantly by peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs) in the gut and that its expression was independent of microbiota. Ahr was important for Treg gut homing and function. Ahr inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by Tregs but was dispensable for Treg stability. Furthermore, Ahr-expressing Tregs had enhanced in vivo suppressive activity compared with Tregs lacking Ahr expression in a T cell transfer model of colitis. Our data suggest that Ahr signaling in Tregs may be important for gut immune homeostasis.
Identifying relevant phrases to summarize decisions in spoken meetings.

We address the problem of identifying words and phrases that accurately capture, or contribute to, the semantic gist of decisions made in multi-party human-human meetings. We first describe our approach to modelling decision discussions in spoken meetings and then compare two approaches to extracting information from these discussions. The first one uses an opendomain semantic parser that identifies candidate phrases for decision summaries and then employs machine learning techniques to select from those candidate phrases. The second one uses categorical and sequential classifiers that exploit simple syntactic and semantic features to identify words and phrases relevant for decision summarization.
MIT 12 tesla coil experimental results

The MIT 12 tesla coil was fabricated using a 486-strand bronze-matrix Nb3Sn, JBK- 75 superalloy sheathed Internally Cooled Cabled Superconductor (ICCS). The rectangularly shaped ICCS conductor was wound into three double pancakes prior to a six-day reaction (4 days at 700 C followed by 2 days at 730 C). Prior to installation in the High Field Test Facility (HFTF) at LLNL the three subcoils were insulated and epoxy potted. With the HFTF providing a 9 T background field, the test coil was used to raise the central field up to 12 T. Measurements of critical current are reported for fields in the 11 to 12 T range for temperatures of 4.2, 5.2 and 7.5 K with supercritical as well as 1 atm, two-phase internal helium. Steady-state, inductively heated as well as quench induced operations are described.
Probabilistic modal logic

A modal logic is any logic for handling modalities: concepts like possibility, necessity, and knowledge. Artificial intelligence uses modal logics most heavily to represent and reason about knowledge of agents about others' knowledge. This type of reasoning occurs in dialog, collaboration, and competition. In many applications it is also important to be able to reason about the probability of beliefs and events. In this paper we provide a formal system that represents probabilistic knowledge about probabilistic knowledge. We also present exact and approximate algorithms for reasoning about the truth value of queries that are encoded as probabilistic modal logic formulas. We provide an exact algorithm which takes a probabilistic Kripke stntcture and answers probabilistic modal queries in polynomial-time in the size of the model. Then, we introduce an approximate method for applications in which we have very many or infinitely many states. Exact methods are impractical in these applications and we show that our method returns a close estimate efficiently.
Collisional transport coefficients of dense high-temperature plasmas within the quantum Landau-Fokker-Planck framework

We extend the long-established formulas for the transport coefficients of classical plasmas inside the dense plasma regime for temperatures and densities where the classical Landau equation breaks down but its quantum extension that includes quantum degeneracy effects is valid. To this end, the quantum Landau kinetic equation is solved by the Chapman-Enskog method. The mathematical derivation is done in full generality, i.e., for multicomponent systems and to all orders of the polynomials expansion used to approximate the distribution functions. We apply the general results to two important examples, the electron gas model and an electron-ion plasma model consisting of one type of ions of any charge. We discuss the combined effects of the Pauli exclusion principle, of the electron-electron, and of the electron-ion collisions on the transport coefficients and on the convergence of the Chapman-Enskog method. For the electron gas model, the effect of the Pauli exclusion principle on the transport coefficients rapidly becomes non-negligible outside the domain of validity of the classical Landau equation. For the electron-ion plasmas, the effect of the Pauli exclusion principle depends sensitively on the ion charge Z and varies non-monotonically with Θ. For instance, for ion charge Z = 1, the electrical conductivity is increased by up to ∼30% compared to its classical value over the range of degeneracy parameters studied, the thermal conductivity is reduced by up to ∼9%, and the shear viscosity coefficient is increased by up to ∼13%. In the Lorentz gas ( Z→∞) limit, the electrical conductivity is reduced by up to ∼14% compared to its classical value over the range of degeneracy parameters studied, the thermal conductivity is reduced by up to ∼39%, and the shear viscosity coefficient is not affected.We extend the long-established formulas for the transport coefficients of classical plasmas inside the dense plasma regime for temperatures and densities where the classical Landau equation breaks down but its quantum extension that includes quantum degeneracy effects is valid. To this end, the quantum Landau kinetic equation is solved by the Chapman-Enskog method. The mathematical derivation is done in full generality, i.e., for multicomponent systems and to all orders of the polynomials expansion used to approximate the distribution functions. We apply the general results to two important examples, the electron gas model and an electron-ion plasma model consisting of one type of ions of any charge. We discuss the combined effects of the Pauli exclusion principle, of the electron-electron, and of the electron-ion collisions on the transport coefficients and on the convergence of the Chapman-Enskog method. For the electron gas model, the effect of the Pauli exclusion principle on the transport coefficient...
Institutional Exuberance: Risk and Return in Systemic Financial Crisis, 2008"

Using in-depth interviews and ethnography conducted in the investment banking sector during the height of financial crisis (August 2008-January 2009), this paper addresses the question of why finan...
Generalized Graph Laplacian Based Anomaly Detection for Spatiotemporal MicroPMU Data

This letter develops a novel anomaly detection method using the generalized graph Laplacian (GGL) matrix to visualize the spatiotemporal relationship of distribution-level phasor measurement unit ( $\boldsymbol{\mu }$ PMU) data. The $\boldsymbol{\mu }$ PMU data in a specific time horizon are segregated into multiple segments. An optimization problem formulated as a Lagrangian function is utilized to estimate the GGL matrix. During the iterative process, an optimal update is constituted as a quadratic program problem. To perform the $\boldsymbol{\mu }$ PMU-based spatiotemporal analysis, normalized diagonal elements of GGL matrix are proposed as a quantitative metric. The effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated through real-world $\boldsymbol{\mu }$ PMU measurements gathered from test feeders in Riverside, CA, USA.
The state of research on leader humor

During the past two decades, the burgeoning literature on leader humor has documented various ways that humor enables leadership effectiveness. Yet there are problems of construct clarity and measu...
Churn in the Bitcoin Network: Characterization and Impact

Efficient and reliable propagation of blocks is vital for ensuring the scalability of the Bitcoin network. As a result, several schemes have been proposed over the last few years to speed up the block propagation, most notably the compact block protocol (BIP 152). Despite this, we show experimental evidence that (i) the vast majority (97%) of Bitcoin nodes exhibit intermittent network connectivity (churn), and (ii) this churn results in significant numbers of unsuccessful compact blocks, roughly twice the figure for continuously connected nodes. Specifically, we conduct experiments on the Bitcoin network that show that churn results in a 135% average increase in block propagation time (i.e., 336.57 ms vs 142.62 ms), and can lead to as high as an 800-fold increase in the worst case. To effect our analysis, we develop a statistical model for churn based on empirical network data, and use this model to actuate the live test nodes on the Bitcoin network. The performance of the system is measured by means of a novel framework that we develop for logging the internal behavior of a Bitcoin node and share for public use.
CPS as a Neurodevelopmentally Sensitive and Trauma-Informed Approach

This chapter examines the Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) approach from a neurodevelopmental perspective and highlights the neurobiological mechanisms that are hypothesized to mediate and influence the various stages of the Plan B process. This chapter concludes that CPS adheres to the major principles known to be optimal for intentional change in the neural networks that mediate the motor, social, emotional, and cognitive functions in the brain and that CPS should be considered a trauma-sensitive and trauma-focused intervention.
Multi-Modal Geometric Learning for Grasping and Manipulation

This work provides an architecture that incorporates depth and tactile information to create rich and accurate 3D models useful for robotic manipulation tasks. This is accomplished through the use of a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN). Offline, the network is provided with both depth and tactile information and trained to predict the object’s geometry, thus filling in regions of occlusion. At runtime, the network is provided a partial view of an object. Tactile information is acquired to augment the captured depth information. The network can then reason about the object’s geometry by utilizing both the collected tactile and depth information. We demonstrate that even small amounts of additional tactile information can be incredibly helpful in reasoning about object geometry. This is particularly true when information from depth alone fails to produce an accurate geometric prediction. Our method is benchmarked against and outperforms other visual-tactile approaches to general geometric reasoning. We also provide experimental results comparing grasping success with our method.
Effect of silver nanoparticles on the luminescence spectral characteristics of rare-earth ion doped sodium borate glasses

A few different sodium borate glasses were made with various combinations of dopants ions, Sm3+, Dy3+, Tb3+ and Ag+. Absorption, and fluorescence spectral data of these samples were recorded. Chromaticity diagrams were plotted to measure color coordinates and color temperature. Samples were subjected to heat treatments above the glass transition temperature, to induce silver nanoparticles. Heat treated samples revealed a large enhancement in luminescence under 405 nm diode laser excitation and a relatively weaker enhancement under 375 nm laser excitation, which indicates the influence of plasmonic effect.
Unusually favorable outcome of 6 consecutive patients with diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma treated with repeated doses of intraperitoneal paclitaxel. A case series.

Abstract Background Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) is a disease in transition. Two decades ago this cancer had a median survival of 1 year. Recent reports in selected patients show a 5-year survival of 70% and median survival not reached at 10 years. Methods Consecutive patients with a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of DMPM, epithelial type, were treated by a consistent treatment plan. Cytoreductive surgery using peritonectomy procedures was always the first intervention. In the operating theater after all resections were complete but prior to intestinal reconstruction, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) using 2 cytotoxic agents was given. An intraperitoneal port was placed for normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (NIPEC). Prospective data regarding pharmacokinetics, survival and adverse events were accumulated. Results Six consecutive patients were treated. Three to 6 one-week long cycles of normothermic intraperitoneal paclitaxel were administered through an intraperitoneal port. No systemic chemotherapy was given. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed on 5 patients. Four patients are free of disease at 8, 13, 18, and 19 years and two patients died of disease 15 years after definitive treatment. Three of 6 patients had a grade III/IV adverse event related to intraperitoneal chemotherapy administration through a port. Conclusions The small number of patients treated with repeated doses of intraperitoneal paclitaxel cause these data to be interpreted with caution. However, the long-term benefit and favorable pharmacology of these patients suggests the need for further study. Adverse events from this intraperitoneal port were recorded in half of the patients.
Ultrasound-assisted rapid reduction of nitroaromatics to anilines using gallium metal

The reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to anilines is widely used throughout organic synthesis. Typical methods of performing this transformation utilize hydrogenation over a pyrophoric catalyst ...
Virtual Reality for Safety and Independence in Everyday Activities

I am an occupational therapist (OT) and a 1st-year PhD student in health and rehabilitation sciences. My goal is to promote the adoption and utility of evidence-based virtual reality (VR) applications in healthcare. To this end, my research addresses developing, assessing, and implementing VR programs for clients with cognitive deficits to improve health and safety outcomes in the home and community. Currently, there is limited poor-quality evidence supporting the use of VR for cognitive intervention and assessment. Through my research, I will examine existing literature of VR and cognitive rehabilitation, assess stakeholder perceptions of VR and clinical utilization of cognitive assessments, and develop novel VR programs.
Working process in elimination of iodine deficiency disorders and related issues from 2003 to 2010

Objective To find out the status of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of Jinan residents,to explore appropriate iodine level in drinking water,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of intervention strategies.Methods According to the "Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (Trial)",qualified iodized salt consumption rate,drinking water iodine content and urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age were determined in iodine deficiency areas from 2003 to 2010.Salt iodine was detected by direct titrimetry,urinary iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometric assay and iodine in drinking water by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method.Results Intake rate of qualified iodized salt was up to 90％ and above from 2003 to 2010,median water iodine was 13.65 μg/L in the 10 counties(cities,districts),of which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 79.82％(4560/5713 ) and ＞ 150 μg/L accounted for 12.73％(727/5713).With the increase of water iodine(0 ～ ＜ 10,10 ～ ＜ 50,50 ～ ＜ 100,100 ～ ＜ 150,150 ～ ＜ 300 and ≥300 μg/L),urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age increased successively(median 156.56,175.81,267.04,349.00,524.22,583.20 μg/L,respectively,x2 =121.20,P ＜ 0.05),while the ratio of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was significantly lower.The ratio of urinary iodine between 100 and 300 μg/L was decreased gradually,but the ratio of great than 300 μg/L was gradually increased.Conclusions Iodine deficiency areas in Jinan have reached the standard of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.We should insist to carry out our measures to suit local conditions,classified guidances and scientific principals of iodine supplementation. Key words: Iodine; Salts; Urine; Nutritional status
What Heats the Cathode Spot of a Vacuum Arc

According to the existing vacuum arc (VA) models, the cathode spot should be heated up to 5000 K. The processes to heat the cathode are ion bombardment, joule heating inside the cathode, and flux of the hot plasma electrons back to the cathode. Heating by ions is considered as the most important process. Analysis of the emission process of the VA shows that at an experimentally observed current density of 108 A/cm2, the heat delivered to the cathode by ion current is way below that necessary to heat up the cathode spot. Joule heating could heat the cathode only if the current density is substantially above 108 A/cm2. The role of plasma electrons in cathode heating is discussed.
Network Virtualization and Survivability of 5G Networks

5G networks are slated to provide a wide range of services. A critical need in service delivery in 5G networks is its resilience. In this work, we present a 5G network architecture with network virtualization in a multiple provider setting for network resilience that uses a self-organizing ad hoc network among the gNBs (macrosites). Thus, the primary provider for a 5G network may use a secondary provider for network resilience when network components fail. We present an optimization formulation and a heuristic for network survivability for our proposed 5G network for the primary network provider. Through simulations, we show our proposed heuristic is very close to optimal. The simulation results on the trade-off between using a provider’s own network or rely on auxiliary capacity from another provider allow us to see the trade-off on availability. Finally, we study how priority can be provided for certain traffic groups for service survivability.
The Rap1 small GTPase is a critical mediator of the effects of stress on prefrontal cortical dysfunction

The neural molecular and biochemical response to stress is a distinct physiological process, and multiple lines of evidence indicate that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is particularly sensitive to, and afflicted by, exposure to stress. Largely through this PFC dysfunction, stress has a characterized role in facilitating cognitive impairment, which is often dissociable from its effects on non-cognitive behaviors. The Rap1 small GTPase pathway has emerged as a commonly disrupted intracellular target in neuropsychiatric conditions, whether it be via alterations in Rap1 expression or through alterations in the expression of direct and specific upstream Rap1 activators and inhibitors. Here we demonstrate that escalating, intermittent stress increases Rap1 in mouse PFC synapses, results in cognitive impairments, and reduces the preponderance of mature dendritic spines in PFC neurons. Using viral-mediated gene transfer, we reveal that the hyper-induction of Rap1 in the PFC is sufficient to drive stress-relevant cognitive and synaptic phenotypes. These findings point to Rap1 as a critical mediator of stress-driven neuronal and behavioral pathology and highlight a previously unrecognized involvement for Rap1 in novelty-driven PFC engagement.
Study of Real-Time Spatial and Temporal Behavior of Bacterial Biofilms Using 2-D Impedance Spectroscopy

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of 2-D impedance spectroscopy to identify areas of biofilm growth on a CMOS biosensor microelectrode-array. Methods: This paper presents the design and use of a novel multichannel impedance spectroscopy instrument to allow 2-D spatial and temporal evaluation of biofilm growth. The custom-designed circuits can provide a wide range of frequencies (1 Hz–100 kHz) to allow customization of impedance measurements, as the frequency of interest varies based on the type and state of biofilm under measurement. The device is capable of taking measurements as fast as once per second on the entire set of impedance sensors, allowing real-time observation. It also supports adjustable stimulus voltages. The distance between neighboring sensors is 220 micrometers which provides reasonable spatial resolution for biofilm study. Results: Biofilm was grown on the surface of the chip, occupancy was measured using the new tool, and the results were validated optically using fluorescent staining. The results show that the developed tool can be used to determine the bacterial biofilm presence at a given location. Conclusion: This paper confirms that 2-D impedance spectroscopy can be used to measure biofilm occupancy. The new tool developed to perform the measurements was able to display real-time results, and determine biofilm coverage of the array electrodes. Significance: The system presented in this report is the first fully integrated 2-D EIS measurement system with full software support for capturing biofilm growth dynamics in real-time. Due to its ability to nondestructively monitor biofilms over time, 2-D impedance spectroscopy using a microelectrode-array is a useful tool for studying biofilms.
A Brief Evaluation of an Interpretive, Self-Guided Mobile Tour:

In this brief report, an evaluation of a self-guided mobile tour was conducted at a new set of research facilities located at a university designed to attract two audiences: researchers and public ...
Safety proposals for freediving time limits should consider the metabolic-rate dependence of oxygen stores depletion.

INTRODUCTION There is no required training for breath-hold diving, making dissemination of safety protocols difficult. A recommended breath-hold dive time limit of 60 s was proposed for amateur divers. However, this does not consider the metabolic-rate dependence of oxygen stores depletion. We aimed to measure the effect of apnoea time and metabolic rate on arterial and tissue oxygenation. METHODS Fifty healthy participants (23 (SD 3) y, 22 women) completed four periods of apnoea for 60 s (or to tolerable limit) during rest and cycle ergometry at 20, 40, and 60 W. Apnoea was initiated after hyperventilation to achieve PETCO2 of approximately 25 mmHg. Pulse oximetry, frontal lobe oxygenation, and pulmonary gas exchange were measured throughout. We defined hypoxia as SpO2 < 88%. RESULTS Static and exercise (20, 40, 60 W) breath-hold break times were 57 (SD 7), 50 (11), 48 (11), and 46 (11) s (F [2.432, 119.2] = 32.0, P < 0.01). The rise in PETCO2 from initiation to breaking of apnoea was dependent on metabolic rate (time × metabolic rate interaction; F [3,147] = 38.6, P < 0.0001). The same was true for the fall in SpO2 (F [3,147] = 2.9, P = 0.03). SpO2 fell to < 88% on 14 occasions in eight participants, all of whom were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS Independent of the added complexities of a fall in ambient pressure on ascent, the effect of apnoea time on hypoxia depends on the metabolic rate and is highly variable among individuals. Therefore, we contend that a universally recommended time limit for breath-hold diving or swimming is not useful to guarantee safety.
Incentives of Health Care Expenditure

The incentives of health care expenditure (HCE) have been a topic of discussion in the USA (Obama reforms) and in Europe (adjustment to debt crisis). There are competing views of institutional versus GDP (unit income elasticity) and productivity related factors of growth of expenditure. However ageing of populations, technology change and economic incentives related to institutions are also key drivers of growth according to the OECD and EU’s AWG committee. Simulation models have been developed to forecast the growth of social expenditure (including HCEs) to 2050. In this article we take a historical perspective to look at the institutional structures and their relationship to HCE growth. When controlling for age structure, price developments, doctor density and in-patient and public shares of expenditures, we find that fee-for-service in primary care, is according to the results, in at least 20 percent more costly than capitation or salary remuneration. Capitation and salary (or wage) remuneration are at same cost levels in primary care. However we did not find the cost lowering effect for gatekeeping which could have been expected based on previous literature. Global budgeting 30 (partly DRG based) percent less costly in specialized care than other reimbursement schemes like open contracting or volume based reimbursement. However the public integration of purchaser and provider cost seems to result to about 20 higher than public reimbursement or public contracting. Increasing the number of doctors or public financing share results in increased HCEs. Therefore expanding public reimbursement share of health services seems to lead to higher HCE. On the contrary, the in-patient share reduced expenditures. Compared to the previous literature, the finding on institutional dummies is in line with similar modeling papers. However the results for public expansion of services is a contrary one to previous works on the subject. The median lag length of adjustment is 6.6 years or 26 quarters for countries to move half way to the eventual equilibrium in HCE/GDP-ratios in response to a shock in demand factors which indicates “hysteresis” in demand.
Book Review: The Boy on the Beach: My Family’s Escape from Syria and Our Hope for a New Home. By Tima Kurdi.

**** Note that the pagination of this article has been adjusted due to resolving a production error in another article in this issue.***
Two cases of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency caused by the CYP17A1 mutation

17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, caused by mutations in the cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 gene (CYP17A1), is an extremely rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia that is characterized by diverse phenotypes resulting from specific mutations. Here, we report 2 phenotypic females with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency: one with the 46,XX karyotype presenting primary amenorrhea and sexual infantilism, and the other with the 46,XY karyotype presenting a disorder of sexual development. In both cases, the serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and gonadotropin were elevated, whereas the levels of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were reduced. Next-generation sequencing revealed one patient with compound heterozygosity for p.Trp17Ter (c.51G>A) and p.His373Leu (c.1118A>T), and the other with homozygosity for p.His373Leu (c.1118A>T). This report further describes 2 cases of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency in patients who harbored a p.His373Leu substitution, commonly found in Korean individuals, and presented diverse phenotypes.
Examining the correlation between Altmetric Attention Score and citation count in the gynecologic oncology literature: Does it have an impact?

Abstract We sought to determine the correlation between Altmetric Attention Score and traditional bibliometrics in the gynecologic oncology literature. We identified the 10 most-cited gynecologic oncology articles from 5 major gynecology journals and 10 major “oncology” journals that publish on gynecologic oncology during 2014, 2016, and 2018. Article citation count and Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), as well as journal impact factor (IF) and date of Twitter account development were recorded. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to describe the relationship between AAS, tweets, IF, and citation count. While the median citation counts significantly decreased for the top-cited gynecologic oncology articles from 2014 to 2018 (p
Teacher anxiety and technology change: a review of the literature

Teachers are faced with fast-paced changes in educational practice and expectations as technology innovation continues over time. This rate of change may contribute to an increase in anxiety that i...
Ranking for the First Time: Evidence that Voting in a Ranked Choice Vote (RCV) Election Causes People to Increase their Positive Evaluations of RCV

Overview: A field experiment isolates the downstream effects of being mobilized to vote in a ranked choice vote (RCV) election. After people are mobilized to vote in their first RCV election, they report more positive evaluations of RCV across multiple dimensions. Abstract: Ranked choice voting (RCV) is an alternative method of electing single member districts that eliminates the spoiler effect, encourages collaborative campaigns, and guarantees a majority winner. Some worry that voters might find RCV to be confusing and intimidating. Others applaud RCV for producing better campaigns. What do the voters think? And does the experience of voting in a ranked choice vote election change the way people view RCV? This study combines a panel survey conducted before and after an RCV election with an intensive mobilization treatment that encourages voting in the same RCV election. The analysis leverages the mobilization treatment as an instrumental variable, creating an opportunity to isolate and estimate the effects of exogenously-driven increases in voter turnout. The results find that when people are mobilized to vote in their first RCV election, their positive evaluations of RCV increase across multiple dimensions - including reports about how easy RCV is to understand, the quality of campaigns, the quality of candidates and vote choice, and perceptions about RCV’s effect on fairness and corruption. Exploratory analyses find that the effects of voting in an RCV election on positive evaluations of RCV are largely consistent across different demographic groups. As more cities in America transition to ranked choice voting over time, more Americans will continue to be exposed to this alternative to plurality rule. This study suggests that citizens’ evaluations of RCV will grow stronger after they experience voting in RCV elections.
In situ characterization of organo-modified and unmodified montmorillonite aqueous suspensions by UV–visible spectroscopy

UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy (Tyndall spectra) was applied and tested for its ability to measure organo-modified and unmodified montmorillonite (MMT) clays in aqueous suspensions. A full factorial design of experiments was used to study the influence of pH, NaCl and clay concentrations on the average particle size of the clay agglomerates. The methodology was evaluated by observing results that were consistent with previous research about the unmodified clay's behavior in aqueous suspensions. The results from this evaluation corresponded to accepted theories about the unmodified clay's behavior, indicating that the methodology is precise enough to distinguish the effects of the studied factors on these clay suspensions. The effect of clay concentration was related to the amount of ions per clay particle for the unmodified clay, but was not significant for the organo-modified MMT. The average particle size of the organo-modified MMT in suspension was significantly larger than that of the unmodified clay. Size of the organo-modified MMT agglomerates in suspension decreased in the presence of NaCl and at both high and low pH; this behavior was opposite to that of the unmodified clay. These results demonstrate that the UV-Vis methodology is well-suited for characterizing clay particle size in aqueous suspensions. The technique also is simple, rapid, and low-cost.
Models of Violent Behavior

Cognitive-behavioral researchers have identified a plethora of dynamic and static risk factors to consider when assessing violence risk potential. These factors may be assessed with self-report measures, interviews, collateral contacts, behavioral observations, and analogue procedures. Assessment for violence risk is a lengthy process, with some arguing for a two-step approach that involves screening questions followed by the collection of more detailed information in areas of identified risk. Integration of the information collected is essential and raises the difficulty of the optimal means of weighting and combining the information. Two general methods for combining information are available: clinical and actuarial methods. Use of either method contains drawbacks, and there is current support for supplementing clinical decision making with actuarial methods.
Peroxisomal Oxidases and Their Probable Role in Controlling Animal Metabolism

Recent work in our laboratory has led to the identification of glyoxylate adducts of thiols and aminothiols as the probable physiological substrates for mammalian L-hydroxy acid oxidase, D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase. In addition, considerable evidence indicates that the products of these reactions may be participating in the control of animal metabolism, and possibly may be functioning as intracellular messengers for some hormones, especially insulin. Very recent studies have indicated that oxalyl thiolesters (RSCOCOO-), the direct products of the hydroxy acid oxidase reaction, may be particularly important. Although such compounds had not been detected in animals heretofore, direct evidence has now been obtained that they are present in animal tissues. Furthermore, it has been found that the S-oxalyl derivatives of biological thiols (glutathione and coenzyme A) inhibit metabolically important enzymes (including phosphorylase phosphatase, malic enzyme and succinyl-CoA transferase) when present at physiological concentrations. Finally, the probable importance of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism in generating the oxalyl thiolesters has recently become evident from a study of the substrate specificity of the hydroxy acid oxidase reaction. All of the foregoing results are summarized and briefly discussed.
SMOG Grading - A New Readability Formula.

in a recent issue of this journal, Fry (4) described "a readability formula that saves time." The panel immediately below gives a method of assessing readability which is even quicker and so simple that one statistician who glanced at an earlier version of this paper thought that it was a "put on," a fake. Although this system, SMOG Grading, is laughably simple, it is in fact more valid than previous readability formulas. The rest of this paper is devoted to substantiating that claim.
Lda Applications to the Properties of Periodic Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the boundary where local density approximation LDA breaks down. The focus is on bulk calculations of cohesive energies, bulk moduli, and lattice constants. The chapter also describes how to calculate elastic constant. The last of the properties based on the total energies that one discusses is that of crystal phase stability. A comparison has been drawn between the LDA one-particle spectra and various measured quasi-particle spectra. Comparisons are made with x-ray photoemission (XPS) spectra and optical measurements. The chapter also focuses on the determination of those states in the small energy range around the Fermi Surface (FS). Complex systems such as the Heavy Electron systems or low dimensional structures, where one is again pushing the limits of the LDA- density functional theory (DFT) method is examined. LDA is useful to compare that theory with Hartree–Fock (HF) theory that is based on a variational principle and requires solving a set of nonlinear differential equations for one- electron orbitals and energies.
Killing the Black Community: A Commentary of the United States War on Drugs

This article addresses the United States government’s war on drugs and examines the history and rhetoric of the war, the nexus between drugs and violence, the use of legal tactics employed for the war, and the consequences of the war on drugs. The author argues that the government’s war on drugs is unjust because it has a racially disproportionate impact on the black community, the government has used corrupt legal tactics and racial rhetoric to criminalize and destruct the Black community and that the war on drugs is actually a war waged against Black men, women, and children resulting in the destruction of Black families, communities, and the image of Blacks in the minds of many Americans. The “three strikes” laws, mandatory minimum sentences, and other drug enforcement tools are examined and contends that these devices disproportionately affect young Black males and females and may lead to many young Black drug offenders spending at least one-third of their lives in prison and may inevitably leads to the destruction of the Black family and also leave many Blacks disenfranchised as ex-felons. Further, the author posits that the government fails to acknowledge racial disparities in the criminal justice system concerning drug offenders. The article also discusses the crack versus cocaine controversy, stating that white Americans are not pursued with the same enthusiasm and commitment as enforced against the Black community. As a result, Blacks in similar circumstances as whites are likely to be stopped by law enforcement, arrested, convicted and sentenced with the harshest penalties. Additionally, the article maintains that the government allowed the creation of drug distribution networks in Black and Latino communities to further its war on drugs. The article concludes that the war on drugs is racially unjust, is a violation of international human rights law, and must be stopped in order to maintain integrity in the United States justice system.
WORKING IN THE MATHEMATICS FRAME: MAXIMIZING THE POTENTIAL TO LEARN FROM STUDENTS' MATHEMATICS CLASSROOM DISCUSSIONS

The quality of students' mathematics classroom discussions is an important factor in determining mathematics classroom learning outcomes. Good mathematics classroom discussions provide an opportunity for ideas to be shared and developed, but not all mathematics classroom discussions produce these learning opportunities. In this paper I discuss three constructs (subject, purpose, and frame) and how they can be used to analyze and characterize the quality of students' mathematics classroom discussions in terms of the mathematics learning potential that those discussions provide.
B-cell subsets in the joint compartments of seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and No-RA arthritides express memory markers and ZAP70 and characterize the aggregate pattern irrespectively of the autoantibody status.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether different subsets of B cells characterize synovial fluid (SF) or synovial tissue (ST) of seropositive or seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with respect to the peripheral blood (PB). PB, SF and ST of 14 autoantibody (AB)-positive (rheumatoid factor (RF)-IgM, RF-IgA, anti-citrullinated peptide (CCP)), 13 negative RA and 13 no-RA chronic arthritides were examined for B-cell subsets (Bm1-Bm5 and IgD-CD27 classifications), zeta-associated protein kinase-70 (ZAP70) expression on B cells and cytokine levels (interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1). Synovial tissues were classified as aggregate and diffuse patterns. No differences were found in B-cell percentages or in subsets in PB and SF between AB+ and AB− RA and no-RA. In both AB+ and AB− RA (and no-RA), the percentage of CD19+/ZAP70+ was higher in SF than in PB (AB+: P= 0.03; AB−: P = 0.01; no-RA: P = 0.01). Moreover, SF of both AB+ and AB− RA (and no-RA) patients was characterized by a higher percentage of IgD-CD27+ and IgD-CD27− B cells and lower percentage of IgD+CD27− (P < 0.05) B cells compared to PB. In SF, ZAP70 positivity is more represented in B cell CD27+/IgD−/CD38−. The aggregate synovitis pattern was characterized by higher percentages of Bm5 cells in SF compared with the diffuse pattern (P = 0.05). These data suggest that no difference exists between AB+ and AB− in B-cell subset compartmentalization. CD27+/IgD−/ZAP70+ memory B cells accumulate preferentially in the joints of RA, suggesting a dynamic maturation of the B cells in this compartment.
Homelessness among older adults with severe mental illness : A biologically based developmental perspective

ABSTRACT This article tackles a problem that is often overlooked in the literature-the plight of homeless elders with severe mental disabilities. Drawing on his personal experience working with sheltered homeless persons who were mentally ill, the author argues for a focus not on self-sufficiency but on closely supervised care for this vulnerable population.
Extreme bradycardia: Report of a case exhibiting a ventricular rate of less than twelve per minute

Abstract 1. 1. A patient with complete heart block whose ventricular rate during the last twelve hours of his life varied from 12.5 to 9.8 beats per minute has been presented. 2. 2. The probable causative pathologic factor in this case was shown to be calcific deposits involving the A-V node and the right and left branches of the bundle of His. 3. 3. It appeared that ephedrin was a useful drug in increasing the ventricular rate and in lessening the frequency of the Stokes-Adams syndrome. 4. 4. This is apparently the slowest sustained heart rate recorded electrocardiographically in man.
Effective Field Theory for Heavy Weakly Interacting Massive Particles Scattering with Nucleons

The discovery of a Standard Model-like Higgs boson and the hitherto absence of evidence for other new states may indicate that if WIMPs comprise cosmological dark matter, they are heavy compared to electroweak scale particles, $M \gg m_{W^\pm}, m_{Z^0}$. In this limit, the absolute cross section for a WIMP of given electroweak quantum numbers to scatter from a nucleon becomes computable in terms of Standard Model parameters. We develop effective field theory techniques to analyze the heavy WIMP limit of WIMP-nucleon scattering, and present the first complete calculation of the leading spin-independent cross section in Standard Model extensions consisting of one or two electroweak $SU(2)_W \times U(1)_Y$ multiplets.
An Accelerating Tempo: Recent Contributions to the Study of Time

Once upon a time, attention to temporality by social scientists could only be described as intermittent. Significant publications were typically separated by many years of neglect. Within the past decade, however, sociologists and anthropologists have produced no less than nine books on the study of time, including the two reviewed in this essay (Adam 1998; Alverson 1994; Evans 2003; Flaherty 1999; Hochschild 1997; Robinson and Godbey 1997; Whipp, Adam, and Sabelis 2002). In addition, Michael Katovich edited a special issue of Symbolic Interaction (2002, no. 3) that was devoted to the social psychology of time. There is, then, an unmistakable quickening in the pace of new developments. Moreover, given the tendency for contributions to beget further contributions, it is reasonable to expect that this tempo will accelerate. The sociology of time is a family of five different lines of inquiry: (1) the social construction and organization of time, (2) the social psychology of temporal experience, (3) the study of social rhythms, (4) the dynamics of collective memory, and (5) the sociology of time use. Time Maps , by Eviatar Zerubavel, and The Human Organization of Time , by Allen C. Bluedorn, are very different books in terms of their scope. Whereas Time Maps is narrowly focused on collective memory, The Human REVIEW ESSAY
Progress report on automatic information retrieval

This study is a state-of-the-art report of work in automatic information retrieval. Various enhancements of operational on-line retrieval systems are described such as the utilization of special front-end devices providing compatibility among different search services, the introduction of fast back-end search devices, and the use of local clustering and query reformulation operations designed to improve retrieval output. Certain new algorithms for fast text matching and for optimum term weighting are also mentioned, as are advances in the construction of theoretical retrieval models.