cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction between the Subtropical and Equatorial Ocean Circulations: The Subtropical Cell

Abstract Three versions of a 2 1/2-layer ocean model are used to study the subtropical cell (STC), a shallow, meridionalcirculation cell consisting of subtropical subduetion, equatorward advection of cool subsurface water into thetropics, upwelling at the equator, and poleward advection of warm surface water back to midlatitudes. Thethree versions are a steady-state analytic model, a numerical model with constant layer temperatures, and anumerical model with variable layer temperatures and active thermodynamics. Two different pammeterizationsof mixed-layer processes are utilized to determine how water moves between the lwo layers. In the simplerparameterization, entrainment and detrainment rates, we and wd, are specified so that the upper-layer thicknessh1 relaxes back to an externally prescribed thickness; in the other, they are related to the surface heat flux Q.in both versions detrainment is cut off at the latitude yd = 18° to prevent subduction from occurring in thetropics. Solutions are obtained in ...
Risky Lifestyles and Unintentional Firearms Fatalities

This state-level study departs from other investigations of unintentional firearms fatalities by examining the relationships between lifestyle choices, legislation, and accidental gun deaths. We find that the source of these deaths is very similar to those for unintentional fatalities from other mechanisms, such as motor vehicle accidents, residential fires, or occupational injuries. Unintentional mortality is consistently associated with state-level indicators of risky behavior, and to a lesser extent, inactivity. Moreover, we also examined the influences of child access prevention (safe storage), overall firearms laws, and background checks on firearms fatalities. Unlike previous research, we found that these legislative initiatives were not significantly associated with reductions in accidental shooting deaths. Our findings suggest that theories about unintentional fatalities will remain incomplete and harm reduction policies, including the public health model endorsed by many scholars, will not be fully effective if the role of risktaking and sensation-seeking behaviors as an important source of these tragedies is neglected.
Production of shotgun libraries using random amplification.

In the following report, thermal cycling coupled with random 10-mers as primers was used to construct randomly amplified shotgun libraries (RASLs). This approach allowed shotgun libraries to be con...
Risk factors for drug allergy

Judging from available data on penicillin allergy there appear to be multiple definable risk factors for drug-induced immunopathology. The induction of a drug-specific immune response can be influenced by the age of the patient; underlying genetic or metabolic factors, which may restrict ability to initiate a drug-specific immune response; the chemical properties of the drug, largely its protein reactivity; and the dose and duration of treatment as well as the route of drug administration. The elicitation of drug-induced immunopathology is a function of the persistence of a drug-specific immune response; the frequency of drug treatment and its dose and duration; and probable constitutional factors that may determine in an important way the efficiency with which a drug-specific immune response can be translated into a systemic allergic reaction.
Synthesis of the Stable Ordered Conjugated Polymer Poly(dibromodiacetylene) from an Explosive Monomer.

Dibromobutadiyne is an extremely unstable compound that explodes at room temperature, even under inert atmosphere. This instability has limited the studies of dibromobutadiyne almost entirely to spectroscopic characterization. Here we report an approach to control the reactivity of dibromobutadiyne, via topochemical reaction in cocrystals, leading to the ordered polymer poly(dibromodiacetylene), PBDA. At low temperatures (-15 to -18 °C), dibromobutadiyne can form cocrystals with oxalamide host molecules containing either pyridyl or nitrile side groups, in which halogen bonds align the dibromobutadiyne monomers for topochemical polymerization. The cocrystals with the bis(nitrile) oxalamide host undergo complete ordered polymerization to PBDA, demonstrated by solid-state MAS-NMR, Raman, and optical absorption spectroscopy. Once formed, the polymer can be separated from the host; unlike the monomer, PBDA is stable at room temperature.
Bonded-phase extraction of plasma tricyclic antidepressant drugs for gas chromatographic analysis.

The tricyclic antidepressants (TADS) are the most effective and, generally, the most popular antidepressants in clinical use [I]. Evidence to date suggests that in patients with endogenous depression, clinical response is correlated with an effective range of plasma concentrations [2-41. The gradual onset of action and the wide inter-individual variation in steady-state TAD concentrations in patients receiving the same dose provide a rationale for drug level monitoring in non-responding or poorly responding patients. Drug level monitoring can aid in dosage adjustments to attain more efficient and safe treatment [2,5,6]. Therapeutic concentrations are low, in the pg/l range (e.g. 50-150 pg/l for nortriptyline), and require analytical techniques of high sensitivity. Such techniques include gas chromatography equipped with either a nitrogen-sensitive or an electron capture detector, high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Critical reviews appraising these methods have been published [7,8]. In most of these procedures, sample preparation involves multiple solvent extractions in basic and acidic media, accompanied by obligatory centrifugal separation steps. As such, they are cumbersome and time-consuming and would be undesirable for clinical laboratories which are burdened with increasingly higher demands for therapeutic drug monitoring of TADS. We describe a simple procedure for the analysis of plasma TAD levels. It includes an uncomplicated and efficient sample preparation step, which does not require solvent extraction, and rapid analysis by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-sensitive detector.
A Culture of Corruption: Everyday Deception and Popular Discontent in Nigeria (review)

ANTHROPOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY Daniel Jordan Smith. A Culture of Corruption: Everyday Deception and Popular Discontent in Nigeria. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. xxiii + 263 pp. Photographs. Notes. Appendix. Bibliography. Index. $27.95. Cloth. There is a paradoxical politics to the study of corruption in Africa: one that oscillates between paternalism and caricature, on the one hand, and justification and expose, on the other-and one that also requires considerable intellectual diplomacy. African scholars may be tired of Western accusations of corrupt leadership and business practices, but they are equally frustrated with long-winded arguments that let corrupt leaders and malefactors off the hook. How do we navigate the embedded dialectics of history, structure, and agency to explain the varieties of corruption in postcolonial societies? How do we define a space of critical analysis that informs a "culture" of corruption? Daniel Jordan Smith rises to this challenge with extraordinary insight and sensitivity in his study of the Nigerian arts of dissimulation. First, I must note the richness of ethnographic description and detail in Smith's engaging account of everyday deception, known as "419," "advance fee fraud," and "the Nigerian factor" in Africa and beyond. Smith has spent more than six years in Nigeria, and his cultural competence within Igboland (where he has affines) and within the broader mix of cosmopolitan cities (where a Nigerian national culture is more apparent) jumps off of nearly every page. On empirical grounds alone, Smith provides the most thorough survey of "419" confidence tricks to date, ranging from the dense regional sociology of Owerri to the global highways of the Internet, where the "419" has flourished during the last eight years. Second, his study provides us with local understandings of state power and patronage within the context of the Nigerian petrostate, where the imperatives of national development and ethnic clientage are so often at odds. Less an ethnography of the state, as he says, than an ethnography of popular discourses and perceptions of the state, his study explores a popular imagination that is indeed transethnic and in constant negotiation. Rumors of hidden conspiracies within the inner corridors of government, ritual kidnappings and murders, kinship obligations extending into official offices and ministries, empty mansions of first ladies, ideas of entitlement to the national cake, and the sheer symbology of government limousines, protocols, and official insignia all inform pervasive idioms of state power as seen from below. …
Determination of the biotin content of select foods using accurate and sensitive HPLC/avidin binding

Assessing dietary biotin content, biotin bioavailability, and resulting biotin status are crucial in determining whether biotin deficiency is teratogenic in humans. Accuracy in estimating dietary biotin is limited both by data gaps in food composition tables and by inaccuracies in published data. The present study applied sensitive and specific analytical techniques to determine values for biotin content in a select group of foods. Total biotin content of 87 foods was determined using acid hydrolysis and the HPLC/avidin-binding assay. These values are consistent with published values in that meat, fish, poultry, egg, dairy, and some vegetables are relatively rich sources of biotin. However, these biotin values disagreed substantially with published values for many foods. Assay values varied between 247 times greater than published values for a given food to as much as 36% less than the published biotin value. Among 51 foods assayed for which published values were available, only seven agreed within analytical variability (720%). We conclude that published values for biotin content of foods are likely to be inaccurate.
Talking about end-of-life preferences in marriage: applying the theory of motivated information management.

The theory of motivated information management (TMIM) provides one framework to examine information-seeking behaviors, especially in conversations involving sensitive or difficult information such as preferences for end-of-life (EOL) care. The spouse plays a significant role in decision making surrounding EOL care. Consequently, individuals need information about spouses’ EOL preferences in order to ensure carrying out those desires. Our findings support the value of TMIM as a framework to understand factors that influence couples’ EOL care information-seeking behaviors. In support of the theory, we provide factors that influence the initiation or avoidance of EOL conversations between spouses.
What goes up can come down? A preliminary investigation of emotion reactivity and emotion recovery in bipolar disorder

Background How is emotion disrupted in bipolar disorder? Two studies are presented that adopt a multi-method approach to investigate emotion reactivity and emotion recovery in bipolar I disorder.
Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferation and differentiation in organotypic cultures of cervical tumor cell lines

Researchers have previously demonstrated that organotypic cultures of cervical tumor cell lines exhibit morphological characteristics similar to the in vivo biopsies from which they were derived (Rader et al., 1990). Both the in vivo biopsy and organotypic culture appeared undifferentiated. We have extended these studies with immunohistochemical analysis using the proliferation and differentiation markers, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and involucrin, respectively, to evaluate in more detail the ability of cervical tumor cell lines to differentiate in organotypic culture. An HPV-immortalized keratinocyte cell line, PE-4, expressed PCNA in the lower half and involucrin in the upper half of the organotypic culture which is consistent with the characteristics of a preneoplastic lesion in vivo. The CC-1 cell line, derived from an invasive squamous cell carcinoma, appeared undifferentiated, but expressed involucrin in the upper half of the organotypic culture. This is the first observation of expression of a differentiation marker in an organotypic culture of a cervical tumor cell line. The other cervical tumor cell lines, SiHa and HeLa, derived from a squamous cell carcinoma, and an adenocarcinoma of the cervix, respectively, did not express detectable levels of involucrin or mucin. All three cervical tumor cell lines, CC-1, SiHa and HeLa, expressed PCNA throughout their entire thickness. The majority of nuclei in SiHa and HeLa cultures were PCNA-positive, while the CC-1 cell line exhibited a lower growth fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dynamics of molecules in contact with an external medium at equilibrium

When considering the dynamical properties of a molecule in contact with an external medium whose degrees of freedom are at equilibrium, one can adopt either of two approaches to the problem. The equations of motion which govern the coupled molecule-medium system can be solved (or approximately solved), after which the initial values of the medium's coordinates are averaged over (with an equilibrium distribution function as weighting factor) to obtain the desired property of the molecule. In the second approach, which is the subject of the present work, the effects of the medium on the molecule of interest are incorporated into a time-dependent effective potential which contains the equilibrium average molecule-medium interaction as well as terms arising from fluctuations in the medium's coordinates about their equilibrium values. By introducing such an effective potential via the cumulant expansion technique, the problem of studying dynamical properties of the molecule is reduced to the study of a molecule which is in the presence of a time varying external field which no longer depends explicitly upon the coordinates of the medium. In addition to developing the basic method for treating such problems, applications of the method to interesting problems are briefly discussed.
Pore structures of sol-gel silica membranes

Abstract Silica membranes have been formed by floating a solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-water-ethanol on a dense, non-polar organic liquid. The solution reacts with atmospheric moisture and gels to a flexible skin. During gelation, ethanol escapes to the free surface of the gel. Bubbles of ethanol intersect the surface creating circular pores in a closely packed arrangement. When peeled off of the organic liquid, the silica skin stiffens to give 100 μm silica sheets. The top surface, bottom surface and subsurface microstructures have been studied for various sheet thicknesses. The features observed in the gels are similar to those found in organic membranes which are formed at a liquid interface.
Saccade adaptation improves in response to a gradually introduced stimulus perturbation.

A major goal in the study of motor learning is to improve the extent to which subjects adapt their movements in response to errors. Recent attention has focused on the gradual-adaptation paradigm, in which an adaptive stimulus is introduced incrementally, rather than all at once as in conventional adaptation paradigms. However, there is disagreement – even among studies involving the same sensorimotor-learning task – as to the robustness of this approach. In particular, although all studies confirm that retention of learning is improved, not all agree that exposure to a gradual-adaptation paradigm can improve the extent of adaptation that takes place. Also, the paradigm has not previously been studied with saccadic eye movements, which are unique in that they typically lack online error feedback during each movement. To determine the effectiveness of gradual adaptation in this system, we compared saccadic adaptation performed with gradual and conventional adaptation paradigms. We find evidence consistent with more robust adaptation – in the sense of greater extent of adaptation as well as greater retention of learning (larger aftereffects) – in response to a gradual adaptation stimulus. The results suggest the need to develop alternative models of motor learning, as current error-based modeling efforts are unable to account for the increased extent of adaptation when subjects are only exposed to the full adaptive stimulus for a brief time.
Anomeric form of D-glucose produced during enzymolysis

Abstract G.l.c. offers a satisfactory method for determining the configuration of the D -glucose formed by enzymic hydrolysis of glucosides and of glucans. Exo-glucanases both α, and β, give inversion; glucosidases, both α and β, give retention of configuration.
Reducing laboratory aerosol contamination.

Abstract Studies have shown that the usual methods of polishing dentures result in pollution of the air and further contamination of the dentures. A procedure has been shown which will minimize this pollution.
A Question of Priority: Revisiting the Bhāmaha-Daṇḍin Debate

As has been obvious to anyone who has looked at them, there is a special relationship between the two earliest extant works on Sanskrit poetics: Bhāmaha’s Kāvyālaṃkāra (Ornamenting Poetry) and Daṇḍin’s Kāvyādarśa (The Mirror of Poetry). The two not only share an analytical framework and many aspects of their organization but also often employ the selfsame language and imagery when they are defining and exemplifying what is by and large a shared repertoire of literary devices. In addition, they also betray highly specific disagreements regarding the nature and aesthetic value of a set of literary phenomena. It has thus long been clear to Indologists that the two are in conversation with one another, but the nature of the conversation and its directionality have never been determined: Was Bhāmaha responding to Daṇḍin’s Kāvyādarśa? Was Daṇḍin making a rejoinder to Bhāmaha’s Kāvyālaṃkāra? Were the two authors contemporaries who directly interacted with one another? Or was their interaction indirect and mediated through other texts that are no longer extant? Determining the nature of the interrelations between the two authors and their texts may teach us a great deal about the origins of Sanskrit poetics, the direction in which it developed during its formative period, and the way in which some of the disagreements between Daṇḍin and Bhāmaha metamorphosed in later time. By reviewing existing scholarship, considering new evidence, and taking a fresh look at some of the passages that have long stood at the center of this debate, this article sets out to answer the question of the texts’ relationship and relative chronology.
Hypotheses Related to Strategy Formulation in Large Divisionalized Companies

A contemporary view and explanation of certain phenomena related to the strategic process in large divisionalized firms are provided, and previous work on the subject is extended into clearly stated, testable hypotheses that can be used by future researchers.
On the effects of downstream boundary conditions on diffusive flood routing

Abstract The advection-diffusion (AD) equation is widely used to represent flood wave propagation in waterways. Laplace transform methods are employed to obtain the exact solution of a nonhomogeneous AD equation with spatially varied initial condition and time dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions. Numerical inversion of the Laplace transform is employed to solve the AD equation with Neumann and Robin boundary conditions specified at the downstream end of a finite reach of channel. The Neumann boundary condition is specified by the assumption that water level remains constant at the downstream boundary, that is, by a mass conservation version. This is a special case of the general condition that is obtained by plugging a steady rating curve into the continuity equation. Backwater effects are assessed by analyzing response functions of flood wave movement in a semi-infinite channel and of a finite channel with the general condition prescribed as the downstream boundary condition. The Robin boundary condition, however, is derived on the basis of momentum conservation through the stage-discharge relationship. To investigate backwater effects a simple parameterized inflow hydrograph, based on Hermite polynomials, is introduced. The inflow flood hydrograph is completely determined, given three parameters: the time to peak t p , the base time t b , and the peak discharge Q p . Comparisons between backwater effects associated with the Neumann and the Robin boundary conditions are made.
A mathematical model of retinal neovascularization

A mathematical model based on diffusion equations is presented, which directly relates the production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in the retina to oxygen concentration and consumption, the capillary density growth to VEGF production and concentration, and the oxygen concentration to the growth of capillary density. The effects of local neovascularization on local oxygenation, which in turn affects the vascularization process resulting in biological feedback, are examined.
Teaching Evaluations for Construction Engineering and Management: Opportunity to Move Us Forward

Engineering education is challenged to usher in new approaches to preparing its students for their professional careers. Many blue-ribbon committees call for systematic modifications in research universities to clear the path for cross-disciplinary learning communities. In this context, the paper investigates the effect of student ratings as a measure of teaching effectiveness. One survey found that engineering sophomores perceive active student-centered teaching methods as greatly ineffective, while a second survey highlighted that lecture-based teaching underpins student rating forms used at U.S. research universities. With the goal of aligning teaching objectives, learning outcomes, and the criteria for evaluating teaching, a student rating form is presented. The scales of the multidimensional construct are based on the most up-to-date understanding of effective pedagogy, the new American Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology criteria, and a view of the future of our profession. The importance of this paper lies in its science-based proposal underlying a call for the establishment of a coalition to validate a constructive approach to further teaching performance in the field of construction engineering and management.
How the social brain experiences empathy: Summary of a gathering.

Explaining how, and even why, the social brain experiences empathy is a complex integrative endeavor that has been explored by scientists of several disciplines working with both animal and human subjects. Current thoughts on empathy and its connection to behavior—prosocial, altruistic, and cruel alike—were explored by scholars in the fields of biology, philosophy, psychology, and anthropology at a conference in Chicago. The speakers' individually unique perspectives merged to provide an inclusive overview of the biological basis of, and cultural influences upon, empathy. The nature of empathy in nonhuman animals, the endocrine requirements for empathy, the effects of empathy on moral behavior, the social nature of pain, the relation between empathy and altruism, the ethnography of empathy, and empathy in the medical setting were discussed. The interdisciplinary nature of the conference demonstrated the advantages of communicating findings across fields while also delineating the difficulties that can ste...
Acetaminophen-arylated proteins are detected in hepatic subcellular fractions and numerous extra-hepatic tissues in CD-1 and C57B1/6J mice.

Abstract To identify acetaminophen (APAP)-bound proteins in addition to the major 44 and 58 kDa APAP-binding proteins (Bartolone et al., 1992, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 113. 19-9; Pumford et al., 1992, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182, 1348–1355; Bulera et al., 1995, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 134, 313–320), we investigated subcellular localization of liver proteins and tissue distribution of proteins arylated by a hepatotoxic dose of APAP in CD-1 and C57B1/6J mice. Western blot analysis with affinity-purified, anti-APAP antibodies allowed the detection of covalently bound proteins in liver mitochondria, nuclei, plasma membrane, cytosol, and microsomes. Enzyme marker assays revealed that subcellular fractions were 90–98% pure. The lack of contamination from other isolated subcellular fractions indicates that covalently bound proteins were specific to the particular subcellular fraction. APAP-arylated proteins with molecular weights similar to those detected in the liver were found in cytosolic fractions from kidney, lung, pancreas, heart, skeletal muscle, and stomach. The presence of arylated proteins in extra-hepatic organs suggests that other organs may be susceptible to APAP toxicity and may contain critical protein targets that are important in APAP toxicity. In contrast, covalently bound proteins were not detected in cytosols isolated from spleen, small intestine, brain, and testis. The characterization of the APAP-arylated proteins identified in this study will aid in elucidating the mechanism of APAP-induced toxicity.
The role of nitric oxide in mediating adenosine-induced increases in uterine blood flow in the oophorectomized nonpregnant sheep.

Abstract Objective: Adenosine administration to the uterine vasculature of the nonpregnant oophorectomized sheep results in dose-related increases in uterine blood flow. This study was designed to determine whether these adenosine-induced increases in uterine blood flow are mediated in part by nitric oxide release. Study Design: Five nonpregnant oophorectomized ewes had catheters placed in the femoral artery and vein and in the lateral branches of the right and left main uterine arteries. Adenosine dissolved in isotonic sodium chloride solution was infused into the uterine artery at sequentially increasing doses (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 μg/min), and a dose-response curve was constructed. After determination of control responses to adenosine a 10-mg/kg dose of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N ω-nitro-L -arginine methyl ester was administered into the femoral vein; the dose-response curves to adenosine were then determined again. Responses after N ω-nitro-L -arginine methyl ester administration were compared with those obtained before nitric oxide blockade. Results: Adenosine increased uterine blood flow in a dose-related fashion, from a baseline of 11 ± 2 mL/min to 140 ± 19 mL/min. No further increase was seen with adenosine doses >300 μg/min. There were no significant alterations in systemic arterial pressure or heart rate in response to uterine infusion of adenosine. N ω-nitro-L -arginine methyl ester administration increased baseline blood pressure 24% ± 4% and decreased heart rate 13% ± 4%. Responses to adenosine after N ω-nitro-L -arginine methyl ester administration were significantly reduced, from a maximum at the highest dose of 140 ± 19 mL/min to 95 ± 13 mL/min ( P Conclusion: A significant portion of adenosine-induced vasodilation in the uterine vasculature appears to be mediated by the release of nitric oxide. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:46-51.)
Complete genome sequence of Arthrobacter sp. strain FB24

Arthrobacter sp. strain FB24 is a species in the genus Arthrobacter Conn and Dimmick 1947, in the family Micrococcaceae and class Actinobacteria. A number of Arthrobacter genome sequences have been completed because of their important role in soil, especially bioremediation. This isolate is of special interest because it is tolerant to multiple metals and it is extremely resistant to elevated concentrations of chromate. The genome consists of a 4,698,945 bp circular chromosome and three plasmids (96,488, 115,507, and 159,536 bp, a total of 5,070,478 bp), coding 4,536 proteins of which 1,257 are without known function. This genome was sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute Program.
The relation of flow cytometry to clinical and biologic characteristics in women with node negative primary breast cancer.

Flow cytometry (FC) analysis including DNA index (ploidy status) and cell kinetics (%S and %S + G2/M) was done on frozen tissue of the primary lesions of 101 women with node negative (N-) breast cancer who were studied prospectively. Currently, 19% (19/101) of the patients have recurred. No significant relations have been found between recurrence or survival and age, estrogen/progesterone receptor status, tumor size, and tumor type. The DNA index (ploidy) was not related to any clinical variable, time to recurrence, or survival. Aneuploid tumors did, however, have significantly higher %S phase activity. Patients with %S activity less than or equal to the median value were significantly different from those patients with %S above the median. They were older and had a higher frequency of ER/PR positive and well- or moderately differentiated tumors. Patients with %S + G2/M greater than the median value showed shorter time to recurrence (P = .055) and shorter survival (P = .006), whereas %S alone was significantly associated only with survival. Multivariate analysis showed that neither DNA index nor cell kinetics was significantly associated with time to relapse. DNA index was not significantly associated with survival; %S was of borderline significance whereas %S + %G2/M was a significant independent predictor of survival. Although FC data may provide independent information related to survival in N-women, additional research in a larger number of patients is needed to define its precise role in patient management.
The relationship between cell size, the activity of DNA polymerase α and proliferative activity in human diploid fibroblast-like cell cultures

In kinetic studies with human diploid fibroblast-like (HDFL) cells carried out in heterokaryons and in monokaryons, we have observed a first-order relationship between the level or concentration of DNA polymerase alpha and the rate of initiation of new rounds of DNA synthesis. Because cell size is inversely proportional to the concentration of DNA polymerase alpha and presumably other replication factors, it is inversely related to the initiation of new rounds of DNA synthesis. An inverse relationship between cell size and clonogenic activity was also observed in both unsorted HDFL cells and in HDFL cells sorted on the basis of size. Experimental enlargement of cells by serum deprivation at low density resulted in changes in colony-forming ability that would be predicted by these studies. A causal relationship between the observed increase in cell size with advancing passage level and the loss of proliferative activity is suggested by these studies; in addition, cell size may be a useful biophysical marker for cellular aging.
THE PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX USING A RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC TECHNIC WITH THYMIDINE-H3.

Proliferative activity of the adrenal cortex was studied following injections of thymidine-H3. Normal male Long-Evans rats had less activity than comparable animals of the Sprague-Dawley strain. Of the Long-Evans rats killed at different hours of the day, those injected with thymidine-H3 at 6 P.M. and killed six hours later had the greatest activity. Normal male rats 35 to 73 days of age had almost all activity in the glomerulosa and outer fasciculata of the cortex. This activity was greatly increased two or three days after injecting colchicine, compound 48/80, or carbon tetrachloride. Such stressing agents did not cause any increase in activity during the first 24 hours. Three days after carbon tetrachloride a considerable increase in proliferative activity occurred in the inner zona fasciculata and reticularis of the adrenal of female rats during diestrus. Male rats killed 28 to 40 days after injecting thymidine-H3 showed no evidence of centripetal migration of cells into the reticularis during that time. The absence of centripetal migration and the marked responsiveness of the inner fasciculata and reticularis of female animals after stressing agents supports the zonal theory of function in the adrenal cortex.
Endoscopic Approach to Medial Orbital Wall Fractures

Repair of medial orbital wall fractures can be challenging with traditional open techniques. This article describes different endoscopic-assisted approaches-transcaruncular and intranasal-which have been used to successfully repair these fractures.
Impairment of Retrograde Neuronal Transport in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy Demonstrated by Molecular Imaging

Background and Purpose The purpose of our study was to utilize a molecular imaging technology based on the retrograde axonal transport mechanism (neurography), to determine if oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity affects retrograde axonal transport in an animal model.
Outcome of brain abscess treatment in children: Reduced morbidity with neuroimaging

Records were reviewed of 17 patients, ages 4 months to 18 years, who had been diagnosed as having brain abscesses between 1975-1984. Serial computed tomography was used to guide treatment; consequently, 8 patients were managed medically and 9 received surgical intervention. All medically treated patients were free of neurologic residua upon subsequent examination. Positive identification of organisms from systemic cultures and close computed tomographic monitoring prevented the need for surgical intervention in these patients. The surgically treated patients were sicker at presentation, and of the 9 patients requiring surgical intervention, 4 had neurologic sequelae and 1 patient died. Brain abscess aspiration or excision revealed organisms in 7 of the 9 surgically treated patients. The reduction in morbidity and mortality was due in part to early recognition and monitoring of abscess size with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and avoidance of surgical excision of the abscess.
Realization of complex onsets by pediatric users of cochlear implants

This study examined variations in English complex onset realizations by children who use cochlear implants. Data consisted of 227 productions of two-segment onset clusters from 12 children. In general, onset cluster realizations of children with cochlear implants did not differ markedly from those reported for children with normal hearing: null realizations were rare or nonexistent, there were few epenthetic realizations, one-segment realizations generally respected sonority principles, and two-segment realizations reflected singleton constraints. Further examination also revealed that the basis for variation among the children with cochlear implants could be attributed to differences in constraint rankings within Optimality Theory. Differences in constraint rankings could thus account for variations in the number of output segments, in the role of sonority in reduction, and in relationships between segmental and featural faithfulness.
The ground electronic state of B2

An accurate ab initio configuration interaction calculation has established that the ground electronic state of B2 is of 3Σ−g symmetry, and that the Douglas–Herzberg emission system near 3200 A is due to transitions from the second 3Σ−u state to the X 3Σ−g state. The lowest 5Σ−u state, suggested by previous calculations as the ground state, is found to lie about 1300 cm−1 above the X 3Σ−g state. The assignment of the Douglas–Herzberg transition is based on the close agreement between calculated and observed molecular constants which, with observed values in parentheses, are Re(3Σ−g) =1.622(1.590) A, ωe(3Σ−g) =988.5(1035.2) cm−1, Re(2 3Σ−u) =1.660(1.625) A, ωe(2 3Σ−u) =884.5(929.3) cm−1, and Te(2 3Σ−u) =31 438(30 546.1) cm−1. Further support for this assignment is seen in the close agreement between calculated and observed isotope shifts and intensity distributions. An explanation is given for why the 1 3Σ−u −X 3Σ−g transition has not been observed.
Auditory displays for accessible fantasy sports

In this paper we address the lack of accessibility in fantasy sports for visually impaired users and discuss the accessible fantasy sports system that we have designed using auditory displays. Fantasy sports are a fun and social activity requiring users to make decisions about their fantasy teams, which use real athletes' weekly performance to gain points and compete against other users' fantasy teams. Fantasy players manage their teams by making informed decisions using statistics about real sports related data. These statistics are usually presented online in a spreadsheet layout, however online fantasy sports are usually inaccessible to screen readers due to the use of Flash on most sites. Our current system, described in this paper, utilizes auditory display techniques such as auditory alerts, earcons, spearcons, general text-to-speech, and auditory graphs to present sports statistics to visually impaired fantasy users. The current version of our system was designed based on feedback from current fantasy sports users during a series of think-aloud walkthroughs.
Absolute measurement of accelerator beam energy by the time-of-flight technique

A simple time-of-flight technique for measuring absolute beam energy is described. A precision of better than 0.03% in energy was obtained easily, and several obvious improvements are suggested which should yield a precision of better than 0.01%.
Nucleophilic attack on cluster-bound acetylide ligands derived from the iron ketenylidene, [Fe3(CO)9(CCO)]2−

Reaction of the iron ketenylidene (PPN)2[Fe3(CO)9CCO] [PPN =bis (triphenylphosphine)nitrogen(+1)] with trifluoroacetic anhydride forms a highly electrophilic acetylide cluster (PPN)[Fe3(CO)9CCOC(O)CF3] (lc), analogous to the known compounds (PPN)[Fe3(CO)9CCOR] [R=Et, (Ia); Ac, (Ib)] prepared from the reaction of ethyl triflate and acetyl chloride on the ketenylidene. Reaction of phosphines and (Ib, c) yield phosphonium acetylides [Fe3(CO)9CCPR3] [(II),R=Ph], with loss of (PPN)[CH3CO2] or (PPN)[CF3CO2]. Additionally, (Ic) and triphenylarsine react to give an analogous arsonium acetylide [Fe3(CO)9CCAsPh3] (III). No reaction occurs when an excess of arsine is added to (Ib). The reaction of (Ib, c) with anionic nucleophiles is reported, including reaction of Na[CpFe(CO)2] and (Ib) to afford an unusual metallated acetylide cluster (PPN) [Fe3(CO)9CCFe(CO)2Cp] (IV). Clusters (II), (III), and (IV) are spectroscopically characterized and a single crystal x-ray structure determination of (IV) is reported. (PPN)[Fe3(CO)9CCFe(CO)2Cp] (IV) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n;a=17.793(2) A;b=16.108(3) A;c=18.157(3) A;β=107.62(1)0;V=4959(3) A3;Z=4. Refinement of 469 variables on 5981 observed [I>3σ(I)] reflections converged toR=3.5% andRw=4.7%.
Pattern synthesis for TechSat21 - a distributed space-based radar system

The TechSat21 space-based radar employs a cluster of free-floating satellites, each of which transmits its own orthogonal signal and receives all reflected signals. The satellites operate coherently at the X band. The cluster forms essentially a multielement interferometer, with a concomitantly large number of grating lobes and significant ground clutter. A novel technique for pattern synthesis in angle-frequency space is proposed, which exploits the double periodicities of the grating lobes in the angular domain and of the radar pulses in the frequency domain, and allows substantial gains in clutter suppression. Gains from 7 to 17 dB relative to the normal random, sparse array appear feasible.
Asymmetric synthesis of (R)- and (S)-2-trifluoromethylepinephrine

Abstract An asymmetric synthesis of ( R )- and ( S )-2-trifluoromethylepinephrine ( 1R and 1S ) is presented. Trifluoromethylation involves nucleophilic aromatic substitution of halobenzene 4 most likely via a copper mediated CF 3 anion equivalent generated in situ. The asymmetric step involves conversion of 3,4-dimethoxy-2-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde ( 5 ) to silyl cyanohydrin ( 6R and 6S ) using a chiral salen catalyst in the presence of titanium. 1R and 1S are potential alternatives to currently used vasoconstrictors in local anesthetic formulations.
Biosynthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the alg2 mutation

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the alg2 mutation causes temperature-sensitive growth and abnormal accumulation of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man2GlcNAc2-PP-Dol (Jackson et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 272, 203-209, 1989; Huffaker and Robbins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80, 7466-7470, 1983). A gene having the function and genomic location of ALG2 was cloned from libraries based on the multicopy plasmid YEp24 and on the centromere plasmid YCp50. Alg2 mutants transformed with plasmids containing ALG2 regained the capacity to grow and to synthesize lipid-linked oligosaccharides normally at the previously non-permissive temperature. ALG2 was essential for viability in haploid and diploid yeast. The ALG2 gene was transcribed into a single mRNA of 1.7 kb in size. The stability of ALG2 mRNA, assessed after thermal inactivation of RNA polymerase II in an rpb1-1 mutant (Herrick et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 2269-2284, 1990) was very low, with a t1/2 of < 5 min. The ALG2 transcript accumulation was growth dependent, and it was at least an order of magnitude lower in stationary phase cells compared to exponentially growing cells. The putative translation product of ALG2 contained a potential dolichol recognition domain similar to that found in all three glycosyltransferases of the lipid-linked pathway that have been sequenced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interpretation of bipole pattern in a mesoscale storm

Recent observations of bipole patterns of CG lightning strokes at ground level are interpreted in terms of the production of charge centers in a model cell of a Florida thunderstorm, and in the subsequent histories of these centers following collapse of the updraft that generated the centers.
Generalized Canonical Time Warping

Temporal alignment of human motion has been of recent interest due to its applications in animation, tele-rehabilitation and activity recognition. This paper presents generalized canonical time warping (GCTW), an extension of dynamic time warping (DTW) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) for temporally aligning multi-modal sequences from multiple subjects performing similar activities. GCTW extends previous work on DTW and CCA in several ways: (1) it combines CCA with DTW to align multi-modal data (e.g., video and motion capture data); (2) it extends DTW by using a linear combination of monotonic functions to represent the warping path, providing a more flexible temporal warp. Unlike exact DTW, which has quadratic complexity, we propose a linear time algorithm to minimize GCTW. (3) GCTW allows simultaneous alignment of multiple sequences. Experimental results on aligning multi-modal data, facial expressions, motion capture data and video illustrate the benefits of GCTW. The code is available at http://humansensing.cs.cmu.edu/ctw .
Nonlinear neural network controller for thermal treatment furnaces

A lot of neural network articles deal with nonlinear dynamic controllers. Three main control methods are described: Model Predictive Control, Model Reference Control and NARMA Control. These methods are based on minimizing the Mean Square Error of some cost function. Eventually, the closed loop response may possess sustained oscillation and steady state deviations. Similar criterions for minimizations are widely used to control Linear Time Invariant dynamic systems, such as ISE, IAE etc. For better stability performance the factors of gain and phase margins must be applied as well. To achieve this kind of control, the method of poles and zeroes cancelation, pole placement and other methods are used. This paper deals with nonlinear controller design based on neural networks, for Thermal Treatment Furnaces, represented by a two layer neural network. The network is comprised of two nonlinear neurons in the hidden layer and one linear summing neuron in the output layer. Each nonlinear neuron represents a second order LTI system, multiplied by a nonlinear function. According to this architecture, the neural controller should be organized similarly. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the differences between neural network controllers using the MSE criterions only to those using gain and phase margin criterions as well.
The Role of The Military in the Political and Economic Development of the Republic of Korea

The Republic of Korea has enjoyed considerable economic development in the last twenty years. Until recently, however, political development has lagged. The Korean military has played a series of important, if often unpopular, roles in these two areas: as the holder of a veto in the political background, as a guardian against internal and external threats, as a promoter of social mobility and economic development and as a political institution builder. However, as Korea has become an increasingly complex and economically developed society, the military and the political systems have faced the difficult task of defining a new role- a role that permits continued movement from authoritarianism and yet enables the military to safeguard the society from lingering threats. Indeed, a new conception of civil-military relations is being developed in Korea, but the common challenge first noted by Samuel P. Huntington (namely that the military institutions of any society are shaped by two forces: a functional imperative stemming from the threats to the society's security and a societal imperative arising from the social forces, ideologies, and institutions dominant within the society) remains.
Some properties of the neutral lipids from the workers of the termite Macrotermes falciger

Abstract A chloroform/methanol extract of mature workers of Macrotermes falciger was separated into a petroleum-ether-soluble and a petroleum-ether-insoluble fraction. The soluble fraction, which contained all lipids, was divided into free fatty acids, neutral lipids, and phospholipids. By the combined use of preparative thin-layer and column chromatography triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, and sterol esters were separated and their fatty acids analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. Glycerol esters differed from free fatty acids in having a lower content of C 18:1 and C 18:2 . All fractions contained smaller quantities of odd-numbered fatty acids and detectable quantities of branched-chain fatty acids. The free sterol fraction differed from the sterol esters in having a much higher content of cholesterol and a very low content of β-sitosterol. There was very little similarity between the composition of the fatty acids and sterols from workers and that from the ‘fungus garden’.
Photochemical studies of visual pigments

The photochemistry of retinal, synthetic model retinals and the rhodopsins formed from these retinals has been studied with the purpose of securing information which allows a clearer picture to be obtained of the intermediates and steric requirements of the opsin receptor site. The retinals were separated by hplc and their structures elucidated by pmr spectroscopy. Single photon two bond isomerizations have been observed in some cases. The 11, 12-dihydroretinal is capable of binding to opsin to give a rhodopsin which is not bleached by light under normal conditions.