cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Decline of Amphibians in California’s Great Central Valley

Declines in amphibian populations are rarely reported on the community or ecosystem level. We combined broad-scale field sampling with historical anialyses of museum records to quantify anmphibian de- clines in California's Great Central Valley. Overall, amphibians showed an unambiguous patterna of decline, although the intensity of decline varied both geographically and taxonomically. The greatest geograiphicail de- cline was detected in the counties of the Sacramento and Sana Joaquin Valleys. Two species, Rana aurora and Bufo boreas were identified as the most affected by decline, whereas Pseudacris regilla was the least affected. The Coast Range counties had little or no detectable decline. We provide new evidence implicating introduced predators as a primary threat. Introduced predators occur at lower elevations than native species, and our data indicate that for some native species there has been signaificanat restriction to higher elevation sites from a formerly broader distribution. Our historical approach provides a strategy for identifying declining anm- phibian communities that complements more detailed, long-term mnonitoring programs and provides an as- sessment of the pattern of change that is a necessary prerequisite for the development offield experiments that test hypothesized mechanisms of change.
Stent salvage of arteriovenous fistulas and grafts.

Objectives:This study analyzes our experience using stents to salvage dysfunctional hemodialysis access sites at a single institution.Methods:We examined the outcomes of 42 consecutive patients who had covered (36 patients) or bare-metal (9 patients) stent intervention for hemodialysis access salvage.Results:Of our 42 male patients, 11 had stent salvage of an arteriovenous fistula, which yielded postintervention primary and secondary 6-month patencies of 27% and 55%, respectively. For 31 patients with arteriovenous grafts, the postintervention primary and secondary 6-month patencies were 26% and 29%, respectively. Patency rates were superior for stents placed in patent access sites, in fistulas compared to grafts, and when stents were placed in forearm sites although only the latter achieved statistical significance.Conclusions:Stents can extend patency for the thrombosed or failing arteriovenous access, but results are poor once thrombosis has occurred. Stent placement appears to be more effective in fis...
Genotype-phenotype correspondence in Sanfilippo syndrome type B

Summary Sanfilippo syndrome type B, or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB, results from defects in the gene for α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU); only a few mutations have been described. To rapidly identify most NAGLU mutations, an automated sequencing procedure was developed for analysis of the entire coding region, including exon-intron borders. By this method, eight affected families were studied, and the mutations in all 16 alleles were identified, more than doubling the number of published mutations for this gene. Eight mutations were described for the first time: five missense mutations (Y140C, Y455C, P521L, S612G, and R674C), two nonsense mutations (W675X and Q706X), and one 24-nucleotide insertion. Currently, 36% of all point mutations (8 of 22 alleles) involve R674, a codon having a CpG dinucleotide in the critical initial position. Other mutations were found in more than one family, raising the possibility that some may be relatively common and, possibly, ancient mutations. Six new nonpathological mutations were also identified and likely represent polymorphic variants of the NAGLU gene, two of which might alter enzyme level. Establishing genotype-phenotype relationships will be vital in the evaluation of experimental treatments such as gene therapy.
High-throughput label-free detection of DNA hybridization and mismatch discrimination using interferometric reflectance imaging sensor.

Optical label-free biosensors have demonstrated advantages over fluorescent-based detection methods by allowing accurate quantification while also being capable of measuring dynamic bimolecular interactions. A simple, high-throughput, solid-phase, and label-free technique, interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS), can quantify the mass density of DNA with pg/mm 2 sensitivity by measuring the optical path difference. We present the design of the IRIS instrument and complementary microarrays that can be used to perform a quantitative analysis of DNA microarrays. Finally, we present methods to accurately calculate the hybridization efficiency and identify SNPs from dynamic measurements, as well as supporting software algorithms needed for robust data processing.
Nursing assessment in adult trauma patients with nonoperative management of spleen and liver lacerations.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical presentation of patients with blunt abdominal trauma undergoing nonoperative management of spleen or liver lacerations for identification of pertinent assessment findings indicative of the impending need for surgical intervention. METHODS: A retrospecitive study utilizing medical records for a 5 year period of adult blunt trauma patients with a diagnosis of spleen or liver laceration were reviewed. FINDINGS: Patients who failed nonoperative management of spleen or liver lacerations had statistically different measurements of heart rate, uncontrolled pain, skin color and temperature, numbers of units of blood received, urgent computed tomography scans, and serial hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing observations are crucial to the early identification of bleeding in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.
The First Appearance of Functional Activity in the Pars Intermedia in the Frog, Xenopus

SummaryObservations on the development of the melanophores in normal and hypophysectomized Xenopus show contraction of the melanophores in the latter at a late tail bud stage, about 48 hours after fertilization. The pituitary at this stage is undifferentiated. It is inferred that the secretion of melanophore hormone begins at or possibly before this time.
Study of Early Design Method and Co-simulation of the Performance on Articulated Landing Gear

Dynamic equation on the articulated landing gear is deduced.Taking use of the notions of compression ratio and gas state equation the parameters of the absorber are estimated respectively.Based on the co-simulation of LMS Virtual.Lab Motion and LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim,the virtual drop test on the performance of the absorber is executed.The test result shows that it is more effectively to use gas state equation than to use compression ratio during the estimation process of absorber parameters.Meanwhile,an size optimization on the pin cross-section of absorber is performed,which shortened the absorber extent,improved its performance and reduced its weight.
Preparation of tubular carbon membrane made from coal and its separation of oil from water

Carbon separation membrane with an average pore size of 0.1-0.2 μm was prepared from coal by the thermal shaping.The permeation rate of H2 through the carbon membrane can reach 10-5 cm3/(cm2·s·Pa) with an ideal H2/N2 separation factor of 1.92.The mixture of oil and water can be separated by carbon separation membrane,in the process about 98% of oil can be separated.
Factor analysis back ends for MLLR transforms in speaker recognition

The purpose of this work is to show how recent developments in cepstral-based systems for speaker recognition can be leveraged for the use of Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) transforms. Speaker recognition systems based on MLLR transforms have shown to be greatly beneficial in combination with standard systems, but most of the advances in speaker modeling techniques have been implemented for cepstral features. We show how these advances, based on Factor Analysis, such as eigenchannel and ivector, can be easily employed to achieve very high accuracy. We show that they outperform the current state-of-the-art MLLR-SVM system that SRI submitted during the NIST SRE 2010 evaluation. The advantages of leveraging the new approaches are manyfold: the ability to process a large amount of data, working in a reduced dimensional space, importing any advances made for cepstral systems to the MLLR features, and the potential for system combination at the ivector level.
Parkinson's disease‐related network topographies characterized with resting state functional MRI

Spatial covariance mapping can be used to identify and measure the activity of disease-related functional brain networks. While this approach has been widely used in the analysis of cerebral blood flow and metabolic PET scans, it is not clear whether it can be reliably applied to resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data. In this study, we present a novel method based on independent component analysis (ICA) to characterize specific network topographies associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Using rs-fMRI data from PD and healthy subjects, we used ICA with bootstrap resampling to identify a PD-related pattern that reliably discriminated the two groups. This topography, termed rs-MRI PD-related pattern (fPDRP), was similar to previously characterized disease-related patterns identified using metabolic PET imaging. Following pattern identification, we validated the fPDRP by computing its expression in rs-fMRI testing data on a prospective case basis. Indeed, significant increases in fPDRP expression were found in separate sets of PD and control subjects. In addition to providing a similar degree of group separation as PET, fPDRP values correlated with motor disability and declined toward normal with levodopa administration. Finally, we used this approach in conjunction with neuropsychological performance measures to identify a separate PD cognition-related pattern in the patients. This pattern, termed rs-fMRI PD cognition-related pattern (fPDCP), was topographically similar to its PET-derived counterpart. Subject scores for the fPDCP correlated with executive function in both training and testing data. These findings suggest that ICA can be used in conjunction with bootstrap resampling to identify and validate stable disease-related network topographies in rs-fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 38:617-630, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Non-Cross-Coupling Approach to Arene-Bridged Macrocycles: Synthesis, Structure, and Direct, Regioselective Functionalization of a Cycloparaphenylene Fragment

A new synthetic strategy that employs a relatively unstrained, 1,4-diketo-bridged macrocycle as a precursor to a strained, 1,4-arene-bridged (bent para-phenylene) macrocycle has been developed. The distorted p-terphenyl nucleus (CPP fragment) of the macrocycle has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, and a direct, regioselective bromination protocol of the macrocyclic system is reported.
Television Viewers' Ideal Body Proportions: The Case of the Curvaceously Thin Woman

Dozens of studies have linked ideal-body media exposure to the idealization of a slim female figure, but none have examined the proportions of this figure. College women's and men's exposure to ideal-body images on television was correlated with their perceptions of the ideal female bust, waist, and hip sizes and their approval of surgical body-alteration methods. For women, exposure to ideal-body images on television predicted the choice of a smaller waist and hips, and either a larger bust (for those who perceived themselves to be smaller-busted) or a smaller bust (for those who perceived themselves to be larger-busted). For both women and men, exposure to ideal-body images on television predicted approval of women's use of surgical body-alteration methods such as liposuction and breast augmentation.
Modular cell design for rapid, efficient strain engineering toward industrialization of biology

Transforming biology into an engineering practice has great potential to shape the industrialization of biology that will drive rapid development of novel microbial manufacturing platforms. These platforms will be capable of producing a vast number of sustainable industrial chemicals at scale from alternative renewable feedstocks or wastes (e.g., biomass residues, biogas methane, syngas, CO2) without harming the environment. The challenge is to develop microbial platforms to produce targeted chemicals with high efficiency in a rapid, predictable, and reproducible fashion. This paper highlights recent progress in rational design of heterologous pathways for combinatorial biosynthesis of a large space of chemicals and modular cell design for rapid strain engineering.
Central Nervous Control of Cockroach Walking

During the past few years there has been a concerted effort to determine the neuronal circuit of and the neurophysiological basis for rhythmic leg movements in walking insects. In the cockroach there is strong evidence that rhythmic motor patterns, similar to those occurring during normal walking, spontaneously occur after complete deafferentation of the segmental ganglion. This led to the hypothesis that there are segmental rhythm generators that operate independently from the segmental sensory input. Subsequent morphological and physiological investigations of the metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach demonstrated the presence of interneurons whose membrane potentials oscillate during rhythmic leg movements. One interneuron, Interneuron I, oscillates such that its cyclic depolarizations are synchronized with the flexion phase (return stroke) of the rhythmic leg movements. When experimentally depolarized, Interneuron I drives and specifically recruits the flexion motoneurons in the same sequence as in normal walking. Interneuron I also appears to be an integral part of the neuronal circuit generating the rhythmic leg movements since short depolarizing pulses in Interneuron I can reset the cycle time of the rhythmic leg movements. An unusual phenomenon of Interneuron I and indeed of most interneurons within the metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach is that they are not excitable, that is they do not produce nerve spikes. These interneurons modulate activity in motoneurons by minute changes in membrane potentials. This is the first locomotory system in which identified nonspiking neurons have been demonstrated to play an important role in generating a specific motor pattern.
Alkali-Controlled C-H Cleavage or N-C Bond Formation by N2-Derived Iron Nitrides and Imides.

Formation of N–H and N–C bonds from functionalization of N2 is a potential route to utilization of this abundant resource. One of the key challenges is to make the products of N2 activation reactive enough to undergo further reactions under mild conditions. This paper explores the strategy of “alkali control,” where the presence of an alkali metal cation enables the reduction of N2 under mild conditions, and then chelation of the alkali metal cation uncovers a highly reactive species that can break benzylic C–H bonds to give new N–H and Fe–C bonds. The ability to “turn on” this C–H activation pathway with 18-crown-6 is demonstrated with three different N2 reduction products of N2 cleavage in an iron–potassium system. The alkali control strategy can also turn on an intermolecular reaction of an N2-derived nitride with methyl tosylate that gives a new N–C bond. Since the transient K+-free intermediate reacts with this electrophile but not with the weak C–H bonds in 1,4-cyclohexadiene, it is proposed that th...
Multiple-gate split-drain MOSFET magnetic-field sensing device and amplifier

A new split-drain MOSFET magnetic-field sensing device is reported which uses multiple gates to establish a longitudinal electric field in the channel. A relative sensitivity of 185 mA/AT was measured for a double-polysilicon, multiple-gate, split-drain MOSFET. A triple-drain multiple-gate MOSFET device achieved relative sensitivities greater then 10,000 mA/AT. A new amplifier circuit for the multiple-gate, split-drain device achieved an absolute sensitivity of 10 V/T at a 400 nA bias current corresponding to a relative sensitivity of 2.5*10/sup 7/ V/AT. The intrinsic power dissipation of the magnetic amplifier sensor is as small as 8 mu W. >
Comparing methods for estimating the abilities for the multidimensional models of mixed item types

ABSTRACTThe maximum likelihood (MLE), the weighted maximum likelihood (WMLE), and the maximum a posteriori (MAP or BMLE) have been widely used to estimate ability parameters in item response theory (IRT), and their precisions and biases have been studied and compared. Multidimensional IRT (MIRT) has been shown to provide better subscore estimates in both paper-and-pencil and computer adaptive tests; thus, it is very important to have an accurate score estimate for the MIRT model. The purpose of this article is to compare the performances of the three estimation methods in the MIRT framework for tests of mixed item types that have both dichotomous and polytomously scored items, and for tests of mixed structured items (simple structured and complex structured). It is found that all three methods perform well for all conditions. For all models studied (one-, two-, three-, and four- dimensional model), WMLE has smaller BIAS and higher reliabilities, but larger RMSE and SE. WMLE and MLE are closer to each othe...
Preliminary Investigation into the Optimal Operation of a Water Resources System by Stochastic Programming

Abstract The model concerns the water release and distribution problem of the Karun River and its tributaries in Khuzestan, Iran. The system consists of three dams with three hydroelectric plants, 16 irrigation areas and 13 municipal/industrial demand locations. Water inflows fluctuate with time. A large nonlinear stochastic programming model was formulated to determine the optimal monthly water release rules for the dams for the whole year. Recource actions and chance constraints are incorporated in the model to account for the uncertainty of the inflows. Detailed water distributions to various demand sectors are treated as linear programming subproblems.
Oral and oral pharyngeal cancer: an update on incidence and epidemiology, identification, advances in treatment, and outcomes.

Dental health care providers offer a primary means by which improvements in outcome in oral and oral pharyngeal cancer can be realized. Early detection of mucosal abnormalities (e.g., leukoplakia, erythroplakia), which may represent the earliest identifiable premalignant change, requires only thorough oral-examination skills. Patient education and efforts to decrease the use of tobacco products are a critical means of decreasing incidence. Changes in cancer incidence related to tobacco cessation will take many years to affect statistical rates of oral and oral pharyngeal cancer.
The audio postcard assignment: Practicing the use of descriptive language

ABSTRACTCourses: Public Speaking, Communication Research MethodsObjectives: The purpose of this assignment is to (1) develop observation ability by drawing from sensory information, (2) practice using descriptive language, and (3) critique verbal delivery.
35 GHz slotted fourth-harmonic gyro-klystron

Self-consistent simulation results are presented of a 60 kV, 5 A, 35 GHz fourth-harmonic slotted gyro- klystron with a=2.0, Avz/vz=15% and a predicted output power of 51 kW with 17% efficiency and 66 dB of saturated gain.
Ventricular Fibrillation: Rotors or Foci? Both!

See Article by Panitchob et al > As to the fundamental mechanisms of fibrillation we have plenty of theories, but none is universally accepted… we may note in passing that they all center around two ideas … (a) that the impulses arise from centers or pacemakers, or (b) that the condition is caused by re-entry of impulses and the formation of circles of excitation. Each of these views, again, has two groups of exponents … (a) those who believe that a single focus, or excitation ring, occurs, and (b) those who favor the idea that multiple foci, or numerous circus rings, are developed. > > —Carl J. Wiggers, 19401 Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was likely recognized as early as 3500 BCE when the Ebers Papyrus2 described key features of fibrillation as follows: > “If the heart trembles, has little power and sinks, the disease is advancing and death is near.” The modern scientific effort to understand fibrillation did not begin until 1543, when Vesalius3 described worm-like movements in animal hearts during dissection just before they died. Erichsen4 in 1842 documented tumultuous, tremulous, and irregular behavior of ventricles consequent to coronary ligation. Hoffa and Ludwig5 first recorded VF using a kymograph (mechanical wave recorder) in 1850 (Figure, left). Interestingly, Hoffa, who was Ludwig’s pupil at the time, meant to stimulate neurons but accidentally stimulated the myocardium. They showed that irregular contractions of the ventricles could be induced by faradization (electric stimulation) and resulted in cardiac arrest that could not be checked by vagal stimulation. These studies of autonomic control of the heart suggested a neurogenic VF mechanism. Figure. The first recordings of ventricular fibrillation were acquired by Hoffa and Ludwig using a …
Global sensitivity analysis of clinical trials with missing patient-reported outcomes:

Randomized trials with patient-reported outcomes are commonly plagued by missing data. The analysis of such trials relies on untestable assumptions about the missing data mechanism. To address this issue, it has been recommended that the sensitivity of the trial results to assumptions should be a mandatory reporting requirement. In this paper, we discuss a recently developed methodology (Scharfstein et al., Biometrics, 2018) for conducting sensitivity analysis of randomized trials in which outcomes are scheduled to be measured at fixed points in time after randomization and some subjects prematurely withdraw from study participation. The methodology is explicated in the context of a placebo-controlled randomized trial designed to evaluate a treatment for bipolar disorder. We present a comprehensive data analysis and a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the method. A software package entitled SAMON (R and SAS versions) that implements our methods is available at www.missingdatamatters.org .
Editorial for special issue on pervasive computing

Pervasive (or Ubiquitous) Computing aims to seamlessly integrate computing and communication with our environment so as to make our day-to-day activities the central focus rather than the computing or communication devices per se. Mark Weiser in his 1991 visionary paper "The Computer for 21st Century" laid the foundations of this field. Last decade has seen a steady increase in the momentum for his ideas. This is mainly due to dramatic increase in the availability of personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless networking solutions, and embedded computing devices. For example, wirelessly connected organizers and smart phones are becoming popular, and digital computing in some form is now an integral part of numerous everyday appliances. This has led to a fundamental shift in the way we perceive computing and computers. Computers are no longer stand alone special purpose machines to be used by experts; rather, they are ubiquitously present in a networked environment to serve myriad needs of everyday life. The change in our perception of computing and computing devices and their ever increasing presence in our everyday life in form of smart spaces is the subject of the field of pervasive computing. The word pervasive means having power to spread throughout. Pervasive Computing is an environment where people interact with various companion, embedded, or invisible computers. It essentially means to enable networked devices to be aware of their surroundings and peers, and to be capable to provide services to and use services from peers effectively.
Parallel Tree Search for Satisfiability

In this chapter, we show how competition and cooperation can be integrated in Parallel SAT Solving. We describe ManySAT, a portfolio-based parallel SAT solver which runs a set of complementary sequential algorithms obtained through careful variations of the standard CDCL algorithm. Additionally, each sequential algorithm shares clauses to improve the overall performance of the whole system. We also report on two innovative policies to dynamically adjust the size of shared clauses between any pair of processing units.
Self-Regulation: The Pursuit of Goals

In the previous chapter, we argued that personality and psychological adjustment can be construed as individual differences in the goals toward which people choose to work. This chapter moves from the social cognitive psychology of what people want to the social cognitive psychology of how they try to get what they want. It is concerned with theory and research on the complex topic of self-regulation: how we regulate our own behavior, cognition, and affect in pursuit of our goals. As discussed in the last chapter, setting goals and working toward them are essential ingredients of a satisfying life. But having goals is not enough; personal satisfaction also depends on working on goals and having a certain amount of success in attaining goals. Chapter 7 discussed self-regulation as it pertains to overriding and unlearning the automatic social judgments found in stereotyping and prejudice. This chapter discusses self-regulation of the full-range of human cognition and behavior.
Concise Total Synthesis of Herqulines B and C

A simple total synthesis of herqulines B and C is reported, modeled on the reductive biosynthesis reported previously by other researchers. Commencing from tyrosine, these alkaloids were fashioned through a dimerization, macrocyclization, and four consecutive reductions. Emerging from these studies are strategic insights on the synthesis of these strained alkaloids, as well as mild conditions for the exhaustive reduction of diketopiperizines.
Extended course of prednisolone in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Abstract Background There are few published data on the efficacy and safety of prednisolone in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Aims To describe the use of chronic prednisolone therapy in a population of infants with severe BPD, examine potential benefits on respiratory status, and document potential effects on growth. Study design Single-center retrospective cohort study. Subjects Preterm infants who had received ≥30 days of prednisolone for the treatment of severe BPD. Outcome measures Weekly changes in Pulmonary Severity Score (PSS), as well as weekly changes in weight, length, and head circumference during prednisolone therapy. Results Forty-three infants (mean birth weight 729 g; mean gestational age 26 weeks) were identified. The average age at start of prednisolone treatment was 42.5 ± 5.9 weeks; while the median duration and median cumulative dose of prednisolone therapy were 67 (IQR 57–107) days and 61.3 (IQR 39.9–93.3) mg/kg, respectively. PSS decreased after 1 week of prednisolone therapy (mean difference, 0.19; 95% Cl, 0.01 to 0.37; p = 0.03). No further reduction in PSS was noted despite continued treatment. Length z-scores decreased after 4 weeks of continued treatment (mean difference 0.6; 95% CI 0.01 to 1.1; P = 0.04), while weight and head circumference did not change. Conclusions In one of the first reports on prednisolone therapy for severe BPD, we describe that long-term prednisolone is associated with modest short-term improvement in PSS, but impairs linear growth. Our results suggest a risk-benefit profile of prednisolone that does not favor long-term use in infants with severe BPD.
Estimating network edge probabilities by neighbourhood smoothing

SummaryThe estimation of probabilities of network edges from the observed adjacency matrix has important applications to the prediction of missing links and to network denoising. It is usually addressed by estimating the graphon, a function that determines the matrix of edge probabilities, but this is ill-defined without strong assumptions on the network structure. Here we propose a novel computationally efficient method, based on neighbourhood smoothing, to estimate the expectation of the adjacency matrix directly, without making the structural assumptions that graphon estimation requires. The neighbourhood smoothing method requires little tuning, has a competitive mean squared error rate and outperforms many benchmark methods for link prediction in simulated and real networks.
Patterns in fish biodiversity associated with temperate reefs on the southeastern US continental shelf

Temperate reef fishes provide many benefits to humans including food, sport, and ecotourism, yet remain severely understudied compared to coral reef fishes in tropical environments. We used 3 years of underwater video data (n = 4130 samples) from hardbottom reefs along the continental shelf of the southeastern US Atlantic coast (i.e., North Carolina to Florida; ~ 100,000 km2) to quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of temperate reef fish biodiversity in the region. Overall, 210 taxa were identified on video from 53 families, 138 of which could be identified to the species level. Species with the highest percent occurrence were gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus; observed on 45.6% of all videos), tomtate (Haemulon aurolineatum; 42.7%), and red porgy (Pagrus pagrus; 39.4%), and 23 species were observed on more than 10% of videos. Latitudinal variability swamped temporal changes (2015–2017) for most taxa. After accounting for the influence of water clarity and current direction on video detectability, generalized additive models suggested that species and family richness were highest at sites characterized by moderate depths, a high proportion of hardbottom, high substrate relief, and warm water. Our results can be used to predict areas of highest reef fish biodiversity at large (regional) and small (microhabitat) scales to improve marine protected area design, delineate essential fish habitats, and parameterize ecosystem models.
Why Are Signature Strengths and Well-Being Related? Tests of Multiple Hypotheses

The study of character strengths stems from positive psychology’s quest to understand positive personality traits that foster positive functioning and flourishing. Signature strengths are character strengths that are considered particularly relevant to the identity of the individual. These have been related to subjective well-being (SWB) in both cross-sectional and intervention studies. However, contributors to this relationship remain unclear. The present study examined the following possible explanations for the relationship between signature strengths and SWB: the perceived ability to use signature strengths, recognition of signature strengths by others, and valuing of signature strengths by one’s school, workplace, and country. Also, existing approaches to identifying signature strengths do not accurately reflect the construct as it was originally conceived. To address these issues, this study used the Signature Strengths Survey (McGrath in Technical report: the VIA assessment suite for adults: development and initial evaluation, rev ed. VIA Institute on Character, Cincinnati, 2019), which was developed to address inadequacies in current measurement methods, allowing the respondent to set the number of signature strengths. In a sample of 2875 adults recruited online, results revealed that signature strengths being perceived as valued and recognized by others, rather than identification with and enactment of particular strengths, best predicted SWB. Results merit replication, but suggest that focus on signature strengths valued by others in one’s environment can be particularly contributory to SWB.
Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen with BEAM/Rituximab for Patients with Refractory Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas.

Non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation using the combination of fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab as a conditioning regimen has been successful in treating patients with relapsed, chemosensitive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Blood 98:3595, 2001; J Clin Oncol 21:4407, 2004). A more intense regimen however is required to have an early disease control for patients with refractory disease or in kinetic failure. We used the BEAM regimen for that purpose. Because of potential synergy and without overlapping toxicity, Rituximab (375 mg/m2 on days −6, −1, +7 and +14) was added to the preparative regimen. Transplantation was performed on day 0. Fourteen consecutive patients with refractory lymphoma or in kinetic failure were studied. The study group included 11 males and three females of median age of 46 (range, 19–60) yrs. Underlying histologies include diffuse large cell lymphoma (n= 9), follicular (n=1), mantle cell (n=1), lymphoplasmacytic (n=1), and CLL in Richter transformation to diffuse large cell (n=2). Median # of prior chemoregimens received was 3 (range, 1–8). Twelve patients had a matched sibling donor, one a mismatched sibling, and one a matched unrelated donor. The median # of CD34+ cells infused was 5 x 106 CD34 + cells/kg. Twelve patients received blood and 2 received marrow as the source of the hematopoietic graft. Tacrolimus and methotrexate were used for GVHD prophylaxis. The day-100 mortality was 7%. Eleven patients (79%) had a complete, and 2 (14%) had a partial remission. One patient (7%) had no response. All patients engrafted donor cells (median of 100% at day 30) post transplantation. Median time to ANC > 500 was 13 (11–15) days and median time to platelets > 20K was 14 (9–25) days. The actuarial risk of Gr 2–4 GVHD was 57%, Gr 3–4 GVHD 28%. Eleven of the 13 patients who were alive at day 100 developed chronic GVHD. With a median follow-up time among survivors of 34 (8–48) months, overall survival and disease-free survival were 63% (95% CI, 33–83) and 57% (95%CI, 28–78), respectively. Our results indicate that a pronounced graft-versus-lymphoma occurs after BEAM/Rituximab and allogeneic transplantation for patients with refractory lymphoma or in kinetic failure. This treatment has been associated with a lower than expected treatment-related mortality and a higher chance of durable remission.
In vitro plantlet regeneration from cotyledons of the tree-legume Leucaena leucocephala

Two plant regeneration methods applicable to Leucaenaleucocephala were developed. In the first method, involvingorganogenesis via callus formation, cotyledon, hypocotyl and root segments wereinitiated on MS medium containing different concentrations ofN6-benzyladenine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), andnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Both compact (type I) and friable (type II) calliwere obtained from the cotyledon and hypocotyl explants treated with differentconcentrations of the growth regulators. Shoots were generated only from thefriable calli formed from the cotyledon explants. The calli formed from thehypocotyl explants did not generate shoots and the root explants died withoutforming callus. Cotyledon explants from 3–4 day old seedlings showedmaximum callus induction compared to those from older seedlings. In a secondmethod involving direct organogenesis, excised cotyledons were cultured on 1/2MS medium containing 10–35 mg l−1N6-benzyladenine (BA) for 7–14 days. Transfer of thecotyledonsto regeneration medium containing low BA resulted in callus formation andsubsequent shoot regeneration from the base of the excised cotyledon explants,with up to 100% frequency. Regenerated shoots rooted best on a basal mediumcontaining no growth regulators.
Simultaneous Power Harvesting and Cyclostationary Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios

We expect that 5G will support a large volume of data traffic to provide various services with a low latency. This will inevitably require an increased amount of energy. Wireless power transfer needs a higher receiver sensitivity than data decoding. Increased electromagnetic fields may introduce harmful effects on living organisms. Fortunately, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) can provide significant gains in radiated energy and spectral efficiencies. Cognitive radio and 5G are emerging technologies. In this paper, we show that cognitive spectrum sensing and power harvesting can be accomplished simultaneously. Energy detection (ED) with energy harvesting has been widely investigated. However, ED may not work at a low signal-to-noise ratio with a harsh signal fluctuation in millimeter-wave in 5G. Therefore, we focus on cyclostationary spectrum sensing in this paper. We show that the maximum likelihood cyclostationary detection that can be used for power harvesting is the power squared. The cyclic power can be conveniently harvested and used for spectrum sensing.
Stress Field Characteristics and Collective Mechanical Properties of Defective Graphene

As defects play a pivotal role in the mechanical properties of graphene, much research has been underway to understand their specific effects. However, the determination of mechanical properties of...
Effectiveness and Safety of Twice Daily Versus Thrice Daily Subcutaneous Unfractionated Heparin for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis at a Tertiary Medical Center

Background:The direct comparison of twice daily (BID) and thrice daily (TID) dosing of subcutaneous low dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in a mixed in...
Note on small black holes in AdSp × Sq

It is commonly believed that small black holes in AdS5 × S5 can be described by the ten dimensional Schwarzschild solution. This requires that the self-dual five-form (which is non-zero in the background) does not fall through the horizon and cause the black hole to grow. We verify that this is indeed the case: there are static solutions to the five-form field equations in a ten dimensional Schwarzschild spacetime. Similar results hold for other backgrounds AdSp × Sq of interest in supergravity.
Homozygous TRPV4 mutation causes congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy and arthrogryposis

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to identify the genetic cause of disease in a congenital form of congenital spinal muscular atrophy and arthrogryposis (CSMAA). Methods A 2-year-old boy was diagnosed with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, severe skeletal abnormalities, torticollis, vocal cord paralysis and diminished lower limb movement. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband and family members. In silico modeling of protein structure and heterologous protein expression and cytotoxicity assays were performed to validate pathogenicity of the identified variant. Results Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation in the TRPV4 gene (c.281C>T; p.S94L). The identification of a recessive mutation in TRPV4 extends the spectrum of mutations in recessive forms of the TRPV4-associated disease. p.S94L and other previously identified TRPV4 variants in different protein domains were compared in structural modeling and functional studies. In silico structural modeling suggests that the p.S94L mutation is in the disordered N-terminal region proximal to important regulatory binding sites for phosphoinositides and for PACSIN3, which could lead to alterations in trafficking and/or channel sensitivity. Functional studies by western blot and immunohistochemical analysis show that p.S94L reduces TRPV4 protein stability because of increased cytotoxicity and therefore involves a gain-of-function mechanism. Conclusion This study identifies a novel homozygous mutation in TRPV4 as a cause of the recessive form of congenital spinal muscular atrophy and arthrogryposis.
Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Redox-Active Esters with Aliphatic Aldehydes

The addition of alkyl fragments to aliphatic aldehydes is a highly desirable transformation for fragment couplings, yet existing methods come with operational challenges related to the basicity and instability of the nucleophilic reagents commonly employed. We report herein that nickel catalysis using a readily available bioxazoline (BiOx) ligand can catalyze the reductive coupling of redox-active esters with aliphatic aldehydes using zinc metal as the reducing agent to deliver silyl-protected secondary alcohols. This protocol is operationally simple, proceeds under mild conditions, and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Initial mechanistic studies suggest a radical chain pathway. Additionally, alkyl tosylates and epoxides are suitable alkyl precursors to this transformation providing a versatile suite of catalytic reactions for the functionalization of aliphatic aldehydes.
Results and future production and marketing estimates projected from a survey of Christmas tree growers in Georgia.

Abstract Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.) is the most planted Christmas tree in the South and its production has remained stable over the past few years. Leyland cypress [x Cupressocyparis leylandii (A.B. Jacks. and Dallim.) and Dallim. and A.B. Jacks.] is relatively new to the market, but the number of trees harvested has increased dramatically in the past 5 years (over 600%) where as Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) production shows little market growth over the past 5 years. Due to the long lag period from planting to harvest, the data to correlate planting to harvests of White pine (Pinus strobus L.) was limited. Pearson correlation coefficients support the idea that future Christmas tree harvests can be reliably estimated from existing and estimated tree planting data for Virginia pine, White pine, Redcedar and Leyland cypress in the short term. With this information, growers can make better decisions regarding the numbers and species of trees to produce and be able to choose an appropriate m...
UMBILICAL VEIN COLLATERAL CIRCULATION: THE CAPUT MEDUSAE IN A NEWBORN INFANT

Extensive abdominal wall venous collaterals, with blood flow from the umbilicus toward the thorax, were observed in a newborn infant. Liver function studies and inferior vena cavagram were normal. The umbilical vein was isolated beneath the linea alba, but a probe could not be passed across the umbilical-portal vein junction in the liver. In the embryo, this is the point of "critical anastomosis" between the umbilical vein system of the enfolding abdominal wall and the omphalomesenteric (portal) vein system of the developing liver. Analysis suggests that the abdominal wall collateral veins represent persistence of the distal umbilical vein connections to the right side of the heart as a successful adaptation by the fetus to preserve umbilical venous return from the placenta. With assumption of extra-uterine circulation, and no further need for the umbilical vein collateral flow, the veins gradually recede, as occurred in the infant reported. Unlike the caput medusae of portal hypertension, the caput medusae of the newborn appears to be of no clinical consequence. Expectant observation of the collateral veins can be advised with high confidence for their gradual disappearance.
Majority decoded automatic repeat request error control schemes

The authors propose a simple method to improve the performance of automatic repeat request (ARQ) error control. To minimize the hardware and software overhead they do not use a sophisticated coding method. Instead, when a transmission error occurs, the erroneous packet, instead of being discarded as in traditional ARQ, is kept for majority decoding later. The authors apply the method to various ARQs, including ideal selective-repeat and go-back-N under point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication environments. They also study the effect of transmitting multiple copies of a packet. The analysis shows that higher throughput is obtained when bit error rate is high or when the number of receivers is large. >
On a theorem of supersoluble automorphism groups

The maximal nilpotent and supersoluble automorphism groups of Riemann surfaces were given in earlier papers by this author. In this note the author wishes to correct the necessity of the condition given in Theorem (4.3) of Bounds for the order of supersoluble automorphism groups of Riemann surfaces (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 108 (1990), 587-600), which was left out at the time of writing the paper. The author also wishes to apologize to the readers for that.
Generation of Boundary Layer Instability Waves by Acoustic and Vortical Free-Stream Disturbances

The receptivity mechanisms by which free-stream disturbances generate instability waves in laminar boundary layers are discussed. Free-stream disturbances have wavelengths which are generally much longer than those of instability waves. Hence, the transfer of energy from the free-stream disturbance to the instability wave requires a wavelength conversion mechanism. Recent analyses using asymptotic methods have shown that the wavelength conversion takes place in regions of the boundary layer where the mean flow adjusts on a short streamwise length scale. This paper reviews recent progress in the theoretical understanding of these phenomena.
DevLex: a self-organizing neural network model of the development of lexicon

In this paper we present the DevLex model of language acquisition. DevLex consists of two self-organizing maps (a growing semantic map and a phonological map) that are connected via associative links. It simulates the early stages of lexical development in children, in particular, word confusion as evidenced in naming errors. The simulation results indicate that the rate of word confusion is modulated by developmental profile of vocabulary increase, word density of competing neighbors, and rate of lexical growth. These results match up with hypotheses from empirical research on lexical development.
An overview of screening and early detection of gynecologic malignancies.

Reducing the toll of gynecologic cancer not only requires improving treatment, but also incorporating cancer prevention and detection strategies into clinical practice. Reviewing vulvar, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer-their associated risk factors, means of prevention and early detection, and signs and symptoms-alerts patients to the potential risks and the detection methods available. Discussing what behaviors, personal characteristics, family history, and exposures increase their risk; what behaviors reduce their risk; and what self-examinations and professional examinations may improve early detection permits health care professionals to write prescriptions for health
Dynamic reciprocity in the wound microenvironment

Here, we define dynamic reciprocity (DR) as an ongoing, bidirectional interaction among cells and their surrounding microenvironment. In this review, we posit that DR is especially meaningful during wound healing as the DR-driven biochemical, biophysical, and cellular responses to injury play pivotal roles in regulating tissue regenerative responses. Such cell-extracellular matrix interactions not only guide and regulate cellular morphology, but also cellular differentiation, migration, proliferation, and survival during tissue development, including, e.g., embryogenesis, angiogenesis, as well as during pathologic processes including cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic wound healing. Herein, we examine DR within the wound microenvironment while considering specific examples across acute and chronic wound healing. This review also considers how a number of hypotheses that attempt to explain chronic wound pathophysiology may be understood within the DR framework. The implications of applying the principles of DR to optimize wound care practice and future development of innovative wound healing therapeutics are also briefly considered.