cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intensity Corrections For Gas Temperature Determinations At High Temperatures From FTIR Absorption And Emission Measurements

We are investigating species and temperature profiles in low-pressure pre-mixed flames using FTIR spectroscopy. As part of this project, we are seeking reliable methods of obtaining rotational temperatures. Because it is a common participant in most combustion reactions, we have chosen carbon monoxide for the initial st0;ies. Our calculational methods are extentions of the work of Anderson and Griffiths'' (for CO at T 423°K) from the structure of the v=0 - v=1 ro-vibrational band is complicated by three factors: The first and most important factor is the distortion of true peak intensities by the spectrometer resolution due to convolution of the spectrometer lineshape function and the true line profile. For absorption of a collisionally-broadened line convolved with an instrument lineshape gunction resulting from triangular apodization, the recorded transmittance is given by:.) T1 = I exp{-2.303 A pmam2/((v-vm) 2+a2m)}Dsin2(πD(v-v1))/(πD(v-v.))2 dv (1) where T1 = transmittance of line m when the instrument is set at frequency i, am = half width of half height of line m, vm = frequency at center of line m, v = frequency at which instrument is set (or reporting), D = slit width or optical retardation, and Apm = true peak absorbance of line m at vm . The second complicating factor is overlap of some lines with weak lines due to 13C16O;; this factor was taken into account by Anderson and Griffiths. The third factor which complicates temperature calculations is that some of, the lines in the v=0 - v=1 band of CO overlap with lines from the v=1 - v=2 transition.4 Figure 1 shows a portion of the CO absorption spectrum using 0.125 cm-1 resolution Visible in this spectrum are both "hot band" transitions as well as those due to 13C160. Because the "hot bands" are much stronger at high temperature (>300 or 400°C) and become more important as temperature increases than those bands due to 13C16O, we have decided to initially ignore l3CI160 bands. Figure 2 shows linecenter separation between "normal" and hot bands as a function of frequency for CO.
The Precolumbian Child

The Precolumbian Child. Max Shein (translated by Marina Castaneda, illustrations by Jorge Flores). Culver City, CA: Labyrinthos, 1992. 137 pp. $16.50 (paper). ISBN 0–911437–18–5.
An unusual cause of intraoperative hypoxemia.

Abstract Congenital anomalies of the tracheobronchial tree are rare occurrences; however, they can lead to pulmonary complications. A tracheal bronchus is an anatomic variant in which an ectopic bronchus originates directly from the tracheal wall above the carina. Presented is a case of intracperative hypoxemia due to right upper lobe collapse. Despite what appeared to be proper endotracheal tube positioning, this clinical scenario was found to be the result of endotracheal tube obstruction of a tracheal bronchus supplying the right upper lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy proved to be a rapid diagnostic and therapeutic tool, as the endotracheal tube was able to be visually positioned above this aberrantly located bronchus.
"Speak on my Behalf": Persuasion and Purification in Aristophanes' Wasps

Wasps is Aristophanes' most explicit treatment of Athenian legal practices and forensic rhetoric—its psychological nature as well as its political implications. In Wasps, legal metaphors become literal, as Aristophanes transforms his stage into a court, interweaving the Athenian citizen's identity as a juror into the play's dramatic core. This paper attempts to show that Wasps participates in a democratic discourse on citizen identity by subjecting the citizen—who he is and what he becomes when persuaded—to a close and politically-charged scrutiny, offering in the process a distinctive image of the culture of persuasion in the Athenian democracy.
The effect of mix on capsule yields as a function of shell thickness and gas fill

An investigation of direct drive capsules with different shell thicknesses and gas fills was conducted to examine the amount of shock induced (Richtmyer-Meshkov) mix versus Rayleigh-Taylor mix from deceleration of the implosion. The RAGE (Eulerian) code with a turbulent mix model was used to model these capsules for neutron yields along with time-dependent mix amounts. The amount of Richtmyer-Meshkov induced mix from the shock breaking out of the shell is about 0.1 μg (0.15 μm of shell material), while the Rayleigh-Taylor mix is of order 1 μg and determines the mixed simulation yield. The simulations were able to calculate a yield over mix (YOM) ratio (experiment/mix simulation) between 0.5 and 1.0 for capsules with shell thicknesses ranging from 7.5 to 20 μm and with gas fills between 3.8 and 20 atm of D2 or DT. The simulated burn averaged Tion values typically lie with 0.5 keV of the data, which is within the measurement error. For capsules with shell thicknesses >25 μm, the YOM values drop to 0.10 ± 0....
Nonlinear modification of the hybridization interaction due to band polarization in the magnetically ordered state in f1 systems.

The hybridization between the f level and the band electrons changes the properties of the band states. In a magnetically ordered system, where the ordering results from the hybridization-mediated two-ion interaction, as in the cerium monopnictides, the band density of states at the Fermi level can be changed. This, in turn, can change the two-ion interaction which is mediated by the band, as in the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction. Such a change depends on the type of magnetic structure. Under certain conditions, this effect can increase the anisotropy favoring moment alignment along the cube-edge direction.
Influence of immediate dentures on oral motor skill and speech.

Summary An investigation was designed to test whether the precision of finely coordinated orofacial movements is influenced by the transition from natural to artificial dentition. The oral motor skill of 16 patients was tested before extraction and within 2 weeks of wearing immediate dentures. Speech recordings were employed to detect changes in voice quality and speech sound production. Results showed that the loss of natural teeth and the wearing of immediate dentures did not alter sensorimotor pathways significant to the precision of oral motor skills. It was also determined that physical characteristics of dentures are significant factors in the production of acceptable speech.
Levels-of-processing effects in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia.

Background First-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia show cognitive impairments that are similar to but less severe than their ill relatives. We have shown that memory impairments can be improved and prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity increased in individuals with schizophrenia by providing beneficial encoding strategies. The current study used a similar paradigm to determine whether siblings of individuals with schizophrenia (SIBs) also show increases in brain activity when presented with beneficial encoding strategies. Methods Twenty-one SIBs and 38 siblings of healthy comparison subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while engaged in deep (abstract/concrete judgments) and shallow (orthographic judgments) encoding. Subjects were then given a recognition memory test. Results The groups did not differ on encoding or recognition accuracy, and the SIBs benefited from deep encoding to a similar degree as control subjects. The SIBs showed deep encoding-related activity in a number of PFC regions typically activated during semantic processing. However, SIBs showed more activity than control subjects in three subregions of PFC (left BA 44 & BA 47 bilaterally). Conclusions Siblings of individuals with schizophrenia benefit from supportive verbal encoding conditions. Like individuals with schizophrenia, SIBs also show increased task-related activity in a larger number of PFC subregions than control subjects during deep verbal encoding.
Development of in vitro fertilized mouse embryos exposed to ethanol during the preimplantation period: Accelerated embryogenesis at subtoxic levels

This study examined the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on mouse preimplantation development using an in vitro culture method. Embryos at the 1-cell, 2-cell, or 4-cell stage were exposed for 24 h to medium containing EtOH, then further cultured without EtOH to determine their ability to form blastocysts and to eventually hatch from the zona pellucida. EtOH exposure either arrested or enhanced normal development, depending on dose and embryonic stage of exposure. Exposure of 1-cell and 2-cell embryos to 1.6% (w/v) EtOH decreased blastocyst formation and hatching, and exposure of 1-cell embryos to 0.4% EtOH inhibited their development. At 0.1%, EtOH had an opposite effect, causing an increase in the percent blastocyst formation of treated 1-cell and 2-cell embryos. Neither inhibition nor stimulation of blastocyst formation occurred in 4-cell embryos exposed to 0.1-1.6% EtOH. Using an in vitro outgrowth model of implantation, embryos that reached the blastocyst stage were further tested for their ability to produce differentiated trophoblast cells. Blastocysts previously exposed to 0.1% EtOH during the 1-cell stage appeared to form adhesive trophoblasts earlier than control embryos, indicating that EtOH exposure can induce precocious differentiation of the trophoblast cells. The EtOH treated blastocysts contained significantly more cells than control blastocysts. These results indicate that EtOH can alter preimplantation development by either inhibiting or accelerating cell growth and differentiation.
Carbon Dynamics of an Old-growth Forest

Western Regional Center: National Institute for Global Environmental Change, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, North Carolina 28802, USA; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
Legionella pneumophila catalase-peroxidases: cloning of the katB gene and studies of KatB function.

Legionella pneumophila , the causative organism of Legionnaires’ pneumonia, is spread by aerosolization from man-made reservoirs, e.g., water cooling towers and air conditioning ducts, whose nutrient-poor conditions are conducive to entrance into stationary phase. Exposure to starvation conditions is known to induce several virulence traits in L. pneumophila . Since catalase-peroxidases have been extremely useful markers of the stationary-phase response in many bacterial species and may be an avenue for identifying virulence genes in L. pneumophila , an investigation of these enzymes was initiated. L. pneumophila was shown to contain two bifunctional catalase-peroxidases and to lack monofunctional catalase and peroxidase. The gene encoding the KatB catalase-peroxidase was cloned and sequenced, and lacZ fusion and null mutant strains were constructed. Null mutants in katB are delayed in the infection and lysis of cultured macrophage-like cell lines. KatB is similar to the KatG catalase-peroxidase of Escherichia coli in its 20-fold induction during exponential growth and in playing a role in resistance to hydrogen peroxide. Analysis of the changes in katB expression and in the total catalase and peroxidase activity during growth indicates that the 8- to 10-fold induction of peroxidase activity that occurs in stationary phase is attributable to KatA, the second L. pneumophila catalase-peroxidase.
Take One for the Team? Limits of Shared Ethnicity and Candidate Preferences

This study tests the theory of politicized ethnic identity’s shaping Latino political behavior. The authors consider whether candidate quality moderates the effects of political ethnic attachments on co-ethnic candidate preferences. Ordered logistic regression models are developed to predict Latino voter preferences for co-ethnic candidates with varied degrees of qualification. Candidate quality significantly mitigates collective ethnic political behavior, yet the authors find Latinos with strong ethnic attachments remain inclined to prefer a co-ethnic even when less qualified than a non-Latino candidate. Political ethnic identity theory is useful in explaining minority political behavior, but there are boundaries to collective identity’s shaping political preferences.
The mind's self-portrait.

Scientific psychology and neuroscience are taking increasingly precise and comprehensive pictures of the human mind, both in its physi- cal architecture and its functional processes. Meanwhile, each human mind has an abbreviated view of itself, a self-portrait that captures how it thinks it operates, and that therefore has been remarkably influential. The mind's self-portrait has as a central feature the idea that thoughts cause actions, and that the self is thus an origin of the body's actions. This self- portrait is reached through a process of inference of apparent mental cau- sation, and it gives rise to the experience that we are consciously willing what we do. Evidence from several sources suggests that this self-portrait may often be a humble and misleading caricature of the mind's opera- tion—but one that underlies the feeling of authorship and the acceptance of responsibility for action.
A quadratic time algorithm for the minmax length triangulation

It is shown that a triangulation of a set of n points in the plane that minimizes the maximum edge length can be computed in time O(n/sup 2/). The algorithm is reasonably easy to implement and is based on the theorem that there is a triangulation with minmax edge length that contains the relative neighborhood graph of the points as a subgraph. With minor modifications the algorithm works for arbitrary normed metrics. >
The Fractional Meta-Trigonometry Based on the R-Function: Part I—Background, Definitions, and Complexity Function Graphics

The current fractional trigonometries and hyperboletry are based on three forms of the fractional exponential R-function, Rq,v (a,t), Rq,v (ai,t), and Rq,v (a,it). The fractional meta-trigonometry extends this to an infinite number of bases using the form Rq,v (aiα ,iβ t). Meta-definitions, meta-Laplace transforms, and meta-identities are developed for these generalized fractional trigonometric functions. Graphic results are presented. Extensions of the fractional trigonometries to the negative time domain and complementary fractional trigonometries are considered. Part I provides; background on the ongoing development of the fractional trigonometries, the definitions of the meta-trigonometry and its motivation, and a limited set of graphic results for the complexity based fractional trigonometric functions.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
An approach to the treatment of psychogenic parasitosis

BackgroundPatients with psychogenic parasitosis typically seek help from nonpsychiatric physicians and can be difficult and time-consuming to treat. Pimozide has been promoted as the treatment of choice but is not indicated for every patient presenting with this symptom. Our purpose was to develop a realistic treatment protocol for the nonpsychiatric physician faced with these patients. MethodsUsing what is known about this problem through review of the literature and our own experience with 20 patients, a practical treatment strategy is suggested. ResultsIt is proposed that dermatologists and primary care professionals seeing these patients determine (1) whether or not the patient's belief in infestation is shakable and (2) whether or not the patient is depressed, in order to chose a therapeutic plan. ConclusionsDermatologists and psychiatrists can work together to develop treatment protocols that minimize risk and maximize therapy for patients with psychogenic parasitosis.
Series feedforward interconnected adaptive devices

We examine performance issues encountered when connecting two adaptive signal processing devices in a series feedforward fashion. After introducing the notion of an adaptive element, we develop a simple behavior theory for series feedforward connected adaptive elements given a few reasonable assumptions. We then move on to predict ways such interconnections of adaptive elements may misbehave. A brief example of misbehavior in a pair of interconnected adaptive receiver components is included to highlight the implications of this emerging theory.
Teaching Sociological Theory Through Active Learning: The Irrigation Exercise:

FOR STUDENTS, theory is often one of the most daunting aspects of sociology-it seems abstract, removed from the concrete events of their everyday lives, and therefore intimidating (Lowney 1998). Because they are unable to immediately see the relevance of theory to their own individual life experiences, they avoid reading it, working with it, or learning about it (Silver and Perez 1998; see also Lofland 1996). Students resist grappling with theory and often postpone taking theory courses until they become unavoidable (Segady 1990). In an attempt to break down student resistance to theory, instructors are increasingly turning to active learning approaches. According to Chickering and Gamson (1987), active learning is the process of talking about, writing about, and applying what is being learned to students' daily lives. Promoting active learning involves studentfaculty and student-student contact, immediate feedback about how classroom material
Neuroethics and Spanish Literary Responses to "la crisis".

El ensayo trata la posibilidad de cambiar la etica social a traves del discurso del humanismo. Se subraya la base genetica del comportamiento del ser humano, y la influencia que el medio ambiente puede tener sobre esto. Tomando como punto de partida la narrativa, y especificamente dos novelas espanolas contemporaneos, se concluye que la narrativa ejerce una funcion de suma importancia en el desarrollo social, pero que dicha funcion es mas alla del control del individuo artista, y que la etica es ex post facto, o sea producida por la narrativa, y no al reves.
War and Anxiety Disorders

Psychologic reactions are common after trauma. Much attention has been devoted to posttraumatic stress disorder after harrowing events, including natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, assault of individuals, episodes of mass violence such as riots and terrorist attacks, and combat. The prevalence of stress disorders varies among these studies, in part as a result of differences in sampling schemes, type and timing of measurements, and types of exposures (eg, natural or manmade, extent of damage). In this issue of EPIDEMIOLOGY, Donald Black and his colleagues report on anxiety among Gulf War veterans. Their article provides insights into the psychologic impact of trauma—both in general and as it relates to combat in particular. Importantly, this report assesses not only veterans who experienced combat, but also those who were deployed and not in combat, as well as personnel who were not deployed. It is notable that an increase in psychologic symptoms was seen in both deployed groups, whether or not they directly experienced combat. Previous studies have focused mostly on direct victims of violence, and, in the case of mass disasters, the victims’ families, first-responders, and their families. There are fewer data on responses among the general population or among persons considered “indirectly exposed.” In recent work on New York City residents after the September 11 attacks, posttraumatic stress disorder was most common among those directly exposed to the collapse of the World Trade Centers, but rates were elevated also among most of people not directly exposed. In fact, the latter group produced nearly half of the cases of probable posttraumatic stress disorder among city residents. Similarly, the present study of Gulf War veterans suggests that psychologic trauma can extend to less-exposed populations. Although much of the literature on trauma has dealt with posttraumatic stress disorder, Black and his colleagues found that panic attacks and generalized anxiety disorders were also related to wartime exposure. Other documented consequences of traumatic events include depression and substance abuse, both of which have been closely tied to posttraumatic stress disorder. These findings emphasize the need to cast a wide net when searching for psychologic outcomes after traumatic events. The increased prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and panic attacks in this military population even 4 years after the Gulf War is a reminder that a substantial psychologic burden could linger years after the event. In prospective studies of trauma (patients hospitalized as a result of a traumatic event, female rape victims, and persons affected by motor vehicle accidents), more than half of cases of posttraumatic stress disorder have been found to remit in the first 3 to 6 months after onset. Similarly, the National Comorbidity Survey showed a steep decline in posttraumatic stress symptoms in
Experimental results on microshield transmission line circuits

Experimental results on microshield stepped-impedance filters and transitions to grounded coplanar waveguide are presented. Microshield shows potential for improved performance relative to current planar transmission line geometries. The filter response compared very well with ideal transmission line theory when effective line length corrections for impedance steps were used. The best transition performance demonstrates an S/sub 11/ below -15 dB from 20 to 40 GHz. The fabrication and design of the transitions and filters are also discussed. >
Medical marijuana: a public health perspective

Over the few years medical marijuana is growing in the United States. Because of the medical marijuana legislators able to legalized recreational marijuana in the two states in the US. Marijuana has several potential benefits that help in certain disease. The delivery of marijuana is also important because smoking marijuana has severe side effects. Physicians also play important role in medical marijuana, physicians also divided on the use of medical marijuana. Their attitude towards medical marijuana important for the treatment of disease is important for the community. Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the US and all over world, several risks associated with it. Major concern is medical marijuana increased the use of marijuana and will create the public health problem in the society. There are several medical benefits from the marijuana but require more research to establish the marijuana as a medicine. Control of medical marijuana is also major issue for the law enforcement agencies and challenge for policymakers also in the United States.
Not Anything Goes: War as a Norm-Guided Practice

Norms of War: Cultural Beliefs and Modern Conflict. By Theo Farrell. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005. 225 pp., $49.95 (ISBN: 1-58826-361-4). Norms of War , by Theo Farrell, traces how war and the preparations for war are shaped by normative and cultural factors. The exposition is elaborated through four empirical case studies: the first on military organization and the Irish army, the second on collective memory and conceptions of mass industrial warfare in World War II, the third on the US nonuse and targeting of nuclear weapons, and the fourth on humanitarian intervention in the 1990s. Challenging arguments that warfare is primarily a rationalistic endeavor, Farrell shows that military practices are deeply embedded in cultural norms and cognitive models. His analysis is grounded in theoretical arguments and literatures drawn widely from political science, sociology, psychology, history, and international law. Farrell is interested in tracing cultural change and the causal impact of norms on military practices. In short, he wants to show “how norms evolve to shape military organization, military mobilization, and military operations” (pp. 15–16). The introduction to Norms of War lays out a theoretical framework that emphasizes mechanisms of norm creation, dissemination, and impact. Each of the subsequent four empirical chapters introduces at least one new literature, including sociological institutionalism, strategic culture, the social construction of technology, theories of international law, and collective memory and imagination. A brief concluding chapter assesses the normative mechanisms in comparative fashion. Overall, Farrell exhibits an impressive command of a wide range of theoretical and empirical material. The strongest chapters (Chapters 2 and …
Reconciling discrepant findings for P3 brain response in criminal psychopathy through reference to the concept of externalizing proneness

We sought to address inconsistencies in the literature on amplitude of P3 brain potential response in offenders diagnosed with psychopathy. These inconsistencies contrast with the reliable finding of reduced P3 in relation to externalizing tendencies, which overlap with impulsive-antisocial features of psychopathy, as distinguished from the affective-interpersonal features. Employing a sample of incarcerated male offenders (N = 154) who completed the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised along with a three-stimulus visual oddball task, we tested the hypothesis that impulsive-antisocial features of psychopathy would selectively exhibit an inverse relationship with P3 amplitude. Clear support for this hypothesis was obtained. Our findings clarify the discrepant findings regarding psychopathy and P3, and establish P3 as a neurophysiological point of contact between psychopathy and externalizing proneness from the broader psychopathology literature.
Evoked Potential Recording: An Adjunct to Human Stereotactic Surgery

The localization of various brain structures during stereotactic surgery is dependent upon stereotactic atlases used in conjunction with demonstrable radiographic landmarks. Because of the considerable anatomical variability encountered in humans, this localization is only an approximation. For animal studies electrode positions can be confirmed histologically at necropsy. Routine techniques have been developed for animal neurophysiologic recording but have not been extensively applied to humans. This paper presents a method for recording human evoked potentials from various thalamic nuclei. Peripheral stimulation and stimulation within the brain are used to evoke depth and scalp potentials. The evoked responses are averaged at various well-known thalamic nuclei, e.g., ventral posterior lateral (VPL), ventral posterior medial (VPM), centre median (CM), that have characteristic responses. These nuclei, in conjunction with radiographic information, are used as landmarks to aid location of other brain structures.
Titanium particles stimulate bone resorption by inducing differentiation of murine osteoclasts.

Background: Loosening of orthopaedic implants is mediated by cytokines that elicit bone resorption and are produced in response to phagocytosis of implant-derived wear particles. This accelerated bone resorption could be due to increased osteoclastic activity, survival, or differentiation. Although a number of in vitro studies have shown that wear particles increase osteoclastic activity, the increase was less than twofold in all cases. The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that wear particles stimulate bone resorption by inducing osteoclast differentiation. Methods: Conditioned media were prepared from murine marrow cells or human peripheral blood monocytes incubated in the presence or absence of titanium particles. The effects of conditioned media on osteoclast differentiation were examined with use of a recently developed assay in which osteoclast precursors are co-cultured with mesenchymal support cells. Results: The present study showed that titanium particles induced both murine marrow cells and human peripheral blood monocytes to produce factors that stimulated osteoclast differentiation. The mean increase in osteoclast differentiation was 29.3 ± 9.4-fold. The stimulation of osteoclast differentiation led to a parallel increase in bone resorption. The amount of stimulation was regulated in a dose-dependent manner by the concentration of both titanium particles and conditioned media. The stimulation of osteoclast differentiation required interactions between the cells and the particles themselves and, therefore, was not due to metal ions, soluble contaminants released from the particles, or submicrometer particles. In contrast, conditioned media from control cells incubated in the absence of titanium particles had no detectable effect on any of the examined parameters. Conclusions: The present study showed that titanium particles stimulate in vitro bone resorption primarily by inducing osteoclast differentiation. In contrast, the titanium particles had only small effects on osteoclast activity or survival. Clinical Relevance: The present study provides strong support for the hypothesis that osteoclast differentiation is an important factor in the development of aseptic loosening. The development of therapeutic interventions to reduce osteoclast differentiation may be a useful approach for improving the performance of orthopaedic implants.
Molecular mobility and transitions in complex organic systems studied by shear force microscopy

In this paper, we discuss novel nanoscale experimental approaches involving shear forces to investigate inter- and intramolecular mobilities, and their effect on mass and electronic transport, and material deformation properties. We review the non-scanning method of shear modulation force microscopy (SM-FM) used for glass transition analysis, and introduce heated tip atomic force microscopy (HT-AFM) for thermomechanical analysis of material interfaces. The dynamics and kinetics in organic thin films that are typically revealed by the activation energies related to molecular relaxations are determined with intrinsic friction analysis (IFA). Both SM-FM and IFA are applied to optimize the poling efficiency of organic non-linear optical materials involving chromophores, used for photonic devices. They also provide information about intramolecular relaxation properties. A shear force analysis involving HT-AFM was used to investigate the interfacial strength of silica nanoparticles and poly(trimethylsilylpropyne), which are known to form a reverse-selective membrane nanocomposite system.
A Woman With Recurrent Unilateral Epistaxis

Awoman in her 50s presented with a 3-month history of recurrent right-sided epistaxis. On rigid nasal endoscopy, she was noted to have a smooth, mucosalized, friable mass obstructing theentire rightanteriornasal cavity.Maxillofacial computedtomography(CT)without contrast demonstrated a 2.7 × 1.1-cm mass in the right anterior nasal cavity, between the inferior turbinate and nasal septum (Figure, A). Contralateral septal deviation was observed,but therewasnoevidenceofbonyerosionor infiltrationof themaxillary sinus.Maxillofacialmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed awell-definedmass filling the right anterior nasal cavity,measuring2.5 × 2.3 × 1.0 cm, appearing tooriginate fromthe submucosal soft tissue of the nasal septum and pushing against the inferior turbinate. The mass appeared heterogeneously hyperintense with several small, irregular signal voids scatteredwithin the lesion onT2-weighted images (Figure, B). OnT1-weighted images (Figure, C), the mass appeared isointense, with marked enhancement on T1 postcontrast images sparinga thinperipheral nonenhancing ring,mostprominently at theanterior borderof the mass (Figure,D). Complete endoscopic excisionof themasswas thenperformed in theoperating room. Maxillofacial CT without contrast, coronal section A
Enzyme immune assay determination of CA-125 in serum, peritoneal fluid, and follicular fluid from women with minimal endometriosis after ovarian hyperstimulation.

Abstract We conclude that the acutely preovulatory expression of CA-125 in serum and FF as determined by EIA is low and not significantly enhanced by OH. Although the PF concentrations were elevated in women with minimal endometriosis when compared with women without endometriosis, the still unresolved problem associated with measurements of CA-125 in PF for both RIA and EIA and the considerable overlap in individual values between both patient groups preclude its use as a reliable screening or monitoring parameter, at least for the present.
Organic Polymers in Enzyme Immobilization

Structural stability is a critical factor in the practical application of enzymes as catalysts. Evidence based on structural analysis has shown that thermophilic enzymes usually differ from their mesophilic counterparts by only insignificant alteration of their primary structure, and the three dimensional structure of such enzymes are largely similar. The observed difference in operational temperature corresponds to an increase in stability by 5–7 kcal/mol. A free energy change of this order could be derived from one additional salt bridge or several additional hydrogen bonds inside the protein molecule. Perception of these differences and their structural determinants would allow manipulation of proteins to produce stability enhancement. Many methods of enzyme stabilization have been developed but none of them is generally applicable. These include covalent bonding to activated supports, physical adsorption to support matrixes, electrostatic entrapment, and suspension in semipermeable membranes. Another method used to stabilize enzymes is to introduce additional internal binding forces via site-specific mutagenesis. Procedures are described here for the preparation of water soluble immobilized enzymes of interest as catalysts in organic synthesis. Multipoint attachment between the enzyme and the water-soluble polymer poly(acrylamide-co-N-acrylamide- co-N-acryloxysuccinimide), PAN,was used to stabilize the enzyme in solution. This approach takes advantage of the flexibility of the polymer to react in a manner which keeps disruption of the preferred enzyme conformation to a minimum. Application of this technique was demonstrated with a-chymotrypsin, trypsin, FDP-aldolase, pig liver esterase, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Enhancements in enzyme stability of greater than 100 times were observed in some cases. Model studies indicated that the PAN polymer reacts selectively with primary amines. These results can be related to the number and type of nucleophile containing amino acids on the surface of the enzyme and allow for a better determination of the optional reaction conditions for increased enzymatic stability. A new copolymer of styrene and acryloxysuccinimide was also prepared and used to immobilize several enzymes. Unlike the water-soluble PAN, this copolymer is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents. The crosslinked enzymes were tested at 25°C in dioxane and water mixtures, and other organic solvents. In all cases, the immobilized enzyme was found to retain much greater stability than the corresponding non-treated enzyme.
The Role of Transamination in Methionine Oxidation in the Rat

The role of transamination as the initial step in catabolism of methionine in the rat was investigated. [Methyl-14C] or [1-14C]-L-Methionine was added to tissue homogenates and transamination was determined from the counts recovered in a precipitable phenylhydrazone following treatment of the samples with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Transamination of methionine was detected in homogenates of liver, kidney, heart, brain, spleen, skeletal muscle, and small intestines. The product of methionine transamination in the liver was identified as alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyrate. Approximately the same tissue distribution was observed for the conversion of the methyl or carboxyl carbon of methionine or alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyrate to CO2. alpha-Keto-butyrate could be used as a co-substrate for transamination, but inhibited oxidation of methionine apparently by competing for oxidation of alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyrate. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine was not a substrate for transamination in the liver homogenate system nor did it inhibit transamination of methionine. Amino-oxyacetic acid inhibited transamination and oxidation of methionine, but not oxidation of alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyrate. These observations are consistent with transamination being an initial step in methionine catabolism and an alternate pathway for methionine oxidation which does not involve its activation to S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
2015 William Allan Award Introduction: Kay E. Davies1

I am delighted to be given the honor of introducing the recipient of the William Allan Award for 2015, Kay E. Davies.
Against rigor

The ancient Greeks gave (western) civilization quite a few gifts, but we should beware of Greeks bearing gifts. The gifts of theatre and democracy were definitely good ones, and perhaps even the gift of philosophy, but the "gift" of the so-called "axiomatic method" and the notion of "rigorous" proof did much more harm than good. If we want to maximize Mathematical Knowledge, and its Management, we have to return to Euclid this dubious gift, and give-up our fanatical insistence on perfect rigor. Of course, we should not go to the other extreme, of demanding that everything should be non-rigorous. We should encourage diversity of proof-styles and rigor levels, and remember that nothing is absolutely sure in this world, and there does not exist an absolutely rigorous proof, nor absolute certainty, and "truth" has many shades and levels.
Prenatal Counseling and Care for Single-Ventricle Heart Disease: One Center’s Model for Care

Advances in prenatal imaging allow early detection of single-ventricle congenital heart disease, which may enhance prenatal care and maximize care options and decision making. Boston Children's Hospital's Advanced Fetal Care Center and fetal cardiology program provide prenatal counseling and care for single-ventricle congenital heart disease. Key points for optimal prenatal counseling and education include explanation of the diagnosis, delivery, the first surgery, cardiac neurodevelopmental issues, feeding and growth issues, quality of life and long-term care, family stressors, and fetal cardiac intervention. Such counseling and education help families make the difficult decisions required in this situation.
REGIOSELECTIVITY OF METALATION OF 1,3-DITHIOLANES AND 1,3-DITHIOLANE 1-OXIDES

Abstract Deprotonation of 1,3-dithiolane 1-oxide (3) and trans-2-phenyl-1,3-dithiolane 1-oxide (5) leads to cleavage of the derived anions. Cleavage reactions do not occur with trans-hexahydro-1,3-benzodithiole (7), its 1-oxide, or its 1,1-dioxide all of which can be metalated and alkylated quantitatively at C-2. The preparation and reactions of the sulfoxides derived from 7 are not highly stereoselective.
Overcoming Medicaid Reimbursement Barriers to Funding School Nursing Services for Low-Income Children with Asthma.

BACKGROUND School nurses can provide direct services for children with asthma, educate, and reinforce treatment recommendations to children and their families, and coordinate the school-wide response to students' asthma emergencies. Unfortunately, school-based health services today depend on an unreliable patchwork of funding. Limited state and local funds lead to extremely low nurse-to-student ratios, resulting in missed opportunities for prevention and care of asthma and other health conditions. METHODS We carried out a nonsystematic review of legal, government, private health foundation, and medical literature. RESULTS Many health services for asthma and other conditions provided in school settings are services typically covered by Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) when offered in other settings. However, complex reimbursement rules, questionable policy guidance establishing a “free care rule,” and other barriers have limited the ability of schools to seek Medicaid/CHIP reimbursement for these services. Recent legal developments may help overcome some of these barriers, and new flexibilities in Medicaid law bring opportunities for increased reimbursement of school-based health services. CONCLUSIONS Policymakers should call on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to abandon the “free care rule” and issue other guidance that would enable schools to appropriately obtain Medicaid reimbursement for nursing services.
CD39 ist ein kritischer Modulator der Thrombozytenund Endothelzellaktivierung nach Ischämie-Reperfusion

Background: CD39 is expressed on vascular endothelial cells (EC) and effectively hydrolyzes extracellular ATP and ADP (NTPDase). Hydrolysis of ADP to AMP in the presence of wild-type EC ameliorates platelet aggregation in vitro, while cd39-null EC fail to demonstrate these effects. Furthermore, supplementation of soluble NTPDase (apyrase) was able to significantly decrease type-1 EC activation in vitro. Both platelet aggregation and EC activation play important roles in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods: Wild-type and cd39-null mice were subjected to intestinal ischemia by occlusion of the mesenteric superior artery. All animals were injected with either 0.2 U/g apyrase or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline before blood flow was recommenced. Platelet- EC interactions were studied by intravital videomicroscopy (IVM) using fluorescent labeled donor platelets. Capillary leakage of fluorescent labeled albumin was considered a measure of EC activation and also assessed by IVM. Furthermore, characterization of IRI was achieved by observing survival rates and analysis of serum and tissue samples taken 60 min after blood flow re-establishment. Results: The survival rate in untreated wild-type mice was 40%, while all apyrase-treated animals survived long-term (p = 0.038, 60 min of ischemia). In cd39-null mice, 20% survived the induced IRI without treatment, while apyrase treatment demonstrated a trend towards prolonged and increased survival (40% survival). Also, interleukin-6 concentrations and histological IRI grading showed trends towards improvement early after blood flow release in apyrase-treated wild-type animals. IVM demonstrated five adherent platelets per mm2 in wild-type mice that underwent sham surgery. In untreated ischemic mice these numbers increased to 28/mm2, while the numbers of adherent platelets stayed at baseline levels in apyrasetreated ischemic animals (3/mm2, p = 0.014). At 60 min after blood flow release, measurements of capillary leakage (light intensity of perivascular tissue/light intensity of postcapillary venules) demonstrated a significant increase in cd39-null mice compared to wild-type animals (1.47 vs. 1.14, p = 0.035, 45 min of ischemia). However, baseline values did not significantly differ from animals that underwent sham surgery (wild-type, 1.08; cd39-null; 1.19, sham, 1.05 or 1.08). Conclusion: We were able to prove the crucial role of intravascular CD39 activity on platelet and endothelial cell activation during IRI in vivo. Therapeutic benefits from supplementation with soluble NTPDase in solid organ transplantation or other inflammatory states might be expected.
Which Features of the Environment Impact Community Participation of Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify features of the environment associated with community participation of older adults. Method: A systematic review of studies that examined assoc...
Abstract A60: Inhibition of growth of bladder cancer cells by compounds that affect glucose metabolism

The tendency of cancer cells to have enhanced rates of glycolysis presents a target for combination therapy with agents that affect glucose metabolism. We have explored the action of three compounds on a panel of eight human bladder cancer cell lines showing a spectrum of growth rates. The compounds were an inhibitor of PFKFB3, namely 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, dichloroacetate, and, paradoxically, phenformin. The biguanide phenformin increases glucose metabolism in some cancer cell lines but it can also be growth inhibitory. Effects on glucose metabolism and lactic acid production were monitored respectively by an enzyme-linked colorimetric assay for glucose in the medium and changes in the pH of the medium reflected by the absorbance of phenol red at 560 nm. Changes in these parameters were most marked for the rapidly growing T24 and UM-UC-3 bladder cancer cells and generally showed parallel changes with control and treated cells. We had previously established growth inhibitory effects of 10µM 3PO on the eight bladder cancer cell lines monitored by staining with sulforhodamine B. Inhibitory effects of 2.5 mM dichloracetate have been observed with additive inhibitory effects when cells were treated with combinations of 3PO and dichloracetate. Effects of phenformin as a single agent were studied at 10, 25 and 50µM. Concentration-related increases in medium acidification and glucose uptake were most consistently seen with T24 cells. The effects with 50µM phenformin could be blocked by coincubation with 2.5 mM dichloracetate. On the other hand, additive inhibitory effects on growth may be observed with combinations of phenformin and dichloroacetate. Sensitivity to the actions of phenformin could not be simply related to growth rate. The T24 and UM-UC-3 cells have similar growth rates and had similar inhibitory effects on growth when treated with phenformin. However, medium acidification and glucose uptake were less affected in the UM-UC-3 cells. Although there are conditions in which phenformin appears to increase the Warburg effect as it relates to glucose metabolism, there can be additive growth inhibitory effects when bladder cancer cells are treated with phenformin in combination with agents that inhibit glucose metabolism. Citation Format: Michael A. Lea, Mansour Altayyar, Charles desBordes. Inhibition of growth of bladder cancer cells by compounds that affect glucose metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A60.
Cyanotic congenital heart defects with increased pulmonary blood flow.

Parameters to assist the clinician in arriving at a manageable differential diagnosis are detailed.
National Survey of Convention Centers’ Lactation Facilities

Background:There is little published about lactation accommodations in public spaces.Objective:The objective of this study was to determine what lactation facilities, if any, convention centers in the United States are providing to accommodate breastfeeding moms.Methods:A list of national convention centers was collected from meetings-conventions.com and recorded in an Excel spreadsheet, with the name of the center, total meeting square feet, number of meeting rooms, address, and telephone number. Each convention center was contacted by phone and administered the survey. Questions were asked as to what type of lactation accommodations were available, if any.Results:A response rate of 78.7% (326 of 414 convention centers) was achieved. A mere 5.5% reported permanently designated lactation rooms, whereas 32% made temporary accommodations. While the phone survey was conducted, a wide variety of qualitative responses were provided by participants, demonstrating an overall lack of awareness of this as a public...