cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Q-Band Amplifier Implemented with Stacked 45-nm CMOS FETs

A stacked FET, single-stage 45-GHz (Q-band) CMOS power amplifier (PA) is presented. The design stacked three FETs to avoid breakdown while allowing a high supply voltage. The IC was implemented in a 45-nm CMOS SOI process. The saturated output power exceeds 18 dBm from a 4-V supply. Integrated shielded coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines as well as metal finger capacitors were used for input and output matching. The amplifier occupies an area of 450x500 im² including pads, while achieving a maximum power-added-efficiency (PAE) above 20%.
Modeling and simulation of shipboard nonlinear dynamic loads using Volterra kernels

Integration of nonlinear dynamic loads has become a significant aspect of designing new ships with integrated power systems. System level simulation is one tool for improving performance in prototyping laboratories and ship yards but requires accurate models of these loads for high performance ship design. This paper utilizes the Volterra Series for nonlinear modeling and discusses methods for creating models, through Volterra kernel measurement, from time domain simulations or hardware prototypes. Design of a converter to realize the required input voltage exciter for model development of hardware prototypes is described. Simulation results of a traditional DC-DC boost converter load are presented along with a brief discussion on scaling methods for increased power levels.
The Role of Slow Potassium Current in Nerve Conduction Block Induced by High-Frequency Biphasic Electrical Current

The role of slow potassium current in nerve conduction block induced by high-frequency biphasic electrical current was analyzed using a lumped circuit model of a myelinated axon based on the schwarz-reid-bostock model. The results indicate that nerve conduction block at stimulation frequencies above 4 kHz is due to constant activation of both fast and slow potassium channels, but the block at stimulation frequencies below 4 kHz could be due to either anodal or cathodal dc block depending on the time of the action potiential arriving at the block electrode. When stimulation frequency was above 4 kHz, the slow potassium current was about 3.5 to 6.5 times greater than the fast potassium current at blocking threshold, indicating that the slow potassium current played a more dominant role than the fast potassium current. The blocking location moved from the node under the blocking electrode to a nearby node as the stimulation intensity increased. This simulation study reveals that in mammalian myelinated axons, the slow potassium current probably plays a critical role in the nerve conduction block induced by high-frequency biphasic electrical current.
Histone H3 and H4 Gene Deletions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The genome of haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two nonallelic sets of histone H3 and H4 genes. Strains with deletions of each of these loci were constructed by gene replacement techniques. Mutants containing deletions of either gene set were viable, however meiotic segregants lacking both histone H3 and H4 gene loci were inviable. In haploid cells no phenotypic expression of the histone gene deletions was observed; deletion mutants had wild-type growth rates, were not temperature sensitive for growth, and mated normally. However, diploids homozygous for the H3-H4 gene deletions were slightly defective in their growth and cell cycle progression. The generation times of the diploid mutants were longer than wild-type cells, the size distributions of cells from exponentially growing cultures were skewed towards larger cell volumes, and the G1 period of the mutant cells was longer than that of the wild-type diploid. The homozygous deletion of the copy-II set of H3-H4 genes in diploids also increased the frequency of mitotic chromosome loss as measured using a circular plasmid minichromosome assay.
Despite some expression of folate receptor α in human mesothelioma cells, internalization of methotrexate is predominantly carrier mediated

Abstract Objective: As a response to a published report documenting some expression of folate receptor α in human mesothelioma, studies were carried out examining the role of this receptor versus that of the reduced folate carrier in the internalization of folate analogs in this neoplasm. Methods: Influx measurements of tritiated methotrexate were carried out in 4 mesothelioma cell lines, and 2 additional cell lines were used as comparators. Relative gene-expression analysis for the carrier and receptor gene was done by using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the above-mentioned cell lines and mesothelioma tumor tissues obtained from patients. Results: Internalization of tritiated methotrexate in mesothelioma cell lines grown at physiologic folate levels was carrier mediated rather than receptor mediated. Influx of this model permeant by these cells exhibited characteristics of carrier-mediated membrane transport and was only minimally reduced by the addition of 5 μmol/L folic acid, a concentration of this natural folate that would have completely inhibited influx by the folate receptor. Gene-expression analysis revealed prominent expression of the folate receptor in some but not all mesothelioma cell lines, and in only one case was expression of this receptor gene greater than expression of the reduced folate carrier gene. Similar analysis of human mesothelioma tumor tissue showed that, with few exceptions, receptor gene expression was substantially less than that for the carrier gene. Conclusion: In view of the ongoing reduced folate carrier-mediated internalization that occurs in mesothelioma cells, these results would seem to argue against a role for the folate receptor in the internalization and cellular pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and other classic folate analogs in this neoplasm. Identifying the mediated route for internalization of these agents in tumor cells is a prerequisite for improving their structural design. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:862-8
COX-2 Inhibitors Are Contraindicated for Treatment of Combined Injury

Abstract Jiao, W., Kiang, J. G., Cary, L., Elliott, T. B., Pellmar, T. C. and Ledney, G. D. COX-2 Inhibitors Are Contraindicated for Treatment of Combined Injury. Casualties of radiation dispersal devices, nuclear detonation or major ionizing radiation accidents, in addition to radiation exposure, may sustain physical and/or thermal trauma. Radiation exposure plus additional tissue trauma is known as combined injury. There are no definitive therapeutic agents. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible enzyme expressed in pathological disorders and radiation injury, plays an important role in inflammation and the production of cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and could therefore affect the outcome for victims of combined injury. The COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and meloxicam were evaluated for their therapeutic value against combined injury in mice. In survival studies, the COX-2 inhibitors had no beneficial effect on 30-day survival, wound healing or body weight gain after radiation injury alone or after ...
Strategic Imperative, Ideology, And Frame

The concept of framing has come to be recognized as one of the few foundational ideas in social movement theory in a relatively short time. However, its core meaning as an interpretive process has never been given adequate theoretical treatment. I propose that the operant meaning of framing is a composite of two grounding ideas: framing is (1) derivative of ideology, and (2) a form of strategic meaning construction; and that these are jointly incorporated in persuasive discourse. I explore the framing literature and show that it contains at least six distinct forms of framing defined by the different ways in which ideology and the strategic imperative are bundled together. Finally, I suggest that these types may have quite different implications for the fate of the movement. My intent here is to extend our understanding of the ways in which framing processes are implicated in social movements. Framing theory lays claim to theoretical significance by inserting itself into the core problematic of movement analysis, why people participate, and by proposing that rational signifying processes have a central role in this. Especially because movements chronically face major constraining factors over which they may have little control—among them low resource levels and the absence or ambiguous profiles of opportunities—they seek to maximize the power of their symbolic appeals. Framing is represented as an operation that can give a movement a degree of strategic leverage it may otherwise lack. The significance of framing seems amplified with the historical emergence of the heterogeneous and shifting “sentiment pools” characteristic of complex postindustrial or postmaterialist societies. Because of these features, it is also thought of as a way of introducing a concrete workable form of agency into movement theory, thereby situating the study of movements more convincingly in the broader structure/agency paradigm. Although Gamson, Fireman, and Rytina (1982) had earlier traced the emergence of an injustice frame, the seminal statement of movement framing theory is generally credited to Snow and his collaborators in their formulation of frame alignment. In a series of papers claiming theoretical grounding in Goffman (1974) and more broadly symbolic interactionism, Snow and his colleagues defined collective action frames as symbolic constructions designed “to assign meaning to and interpret relevant events and conditions in ways that are intended to mobilize potential adherents and constituents, to garner bystander support, and to demobilize antagonists” (Snow and Benford 1988). Constituent of this were three aspects: (1) diagnostic, identifying the problem, or grievance; (2) prognostic, proposing a course of action as a solution; and (3) motivational, stimulating active participation. 1 To be effective, frames would have to resonate with existing values, seem empirically credible, and make experiential sense
Effect of clinical status and previous treatment of melanoma patients on expansion of TIL for adoptive T-cell therapy

3021 Background: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is a promising therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Trials at the NCI have shown a 50% response ...
The Bush 35 Percent Flat Tax on Distributions from Public Corporations

Corporate dividends now bear tax at both the corporate and the shareholder levels, Professor Johnson argues, yielding rates as high as 61 percent. The Bush administration has proposed to exclude dividends from shareholder tax, but only to the extent that the corporation has paid the 35 percent corporate tax. The 35 percent corporate tax would be paid whether shareholders would pay more or less than 35 percent tax, but private corporations, not publicly traded, would be able to elect a passthrough regime instead. Professor Johnson begins by describing the policy judgments underlying the proposals. He then recommends that any tax on distributions be computed by and collected from the corporation itself and not from a million, amateur-bookkeeper shareholders. Corporate earnings and profits accounting is too easily gutted by tax shelters, Professor Johnson also argues, so that all distributions will need to be considered distributions of harvest subject to the 35 percent corporate tax, except for the rare distribution that in fact drops the corporations' market capitalization to below its contributed capital.
An ALGOL 6o Compiler

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on an ALGOL 60 compiler and discusses the internal operation of an ALGOL translator. There are two aspects to the translation from problem-oriented algebraic languages to machine languages. These are referred to as formula translation and assembly. The operation of formula translation consists of scanning the statements of the source code and determining the constituent parts. On the basis of this analysis, it is determined which types of machine operations are to be compiled and in what order. The assembly process is the storage allocation and assigning of machine locations for both the compiled code and the program data. Basic to all translation and assembly schemes is the idea of a symbol table. The block structure of ALGOL, which permits the reuse in a different context of a given identifier, causes serious problems in the maintenance of the symbol and equivalence tables. The use of a stack for temporary storage during translation is basic to almost all modern translators. The stack provides for the convenient storage of information needed on a last-in-first-out basis.
Synaptic connectivity of distinct hilar interneuron subpopulations.

Forti, Matteo and Hillary B. Michelson. Synaptic connectivity of distinct hilar interneuron subpopulations. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3229–3237, 1998. Dual intracellular recordings of hilar interneurons...
Fault-Based Testing of Combining Algorithms in XACML3.0 Policies

With the increasing complexity of software, new access control methods have emerged to deal with attribute- based authorization. As a standard language for attribute-based access control policies, XACML offers a number of rule and policy combining algorithms to meet different needs of policy composition. Due to their variety and complexity, however, it is not uncommon to apply combining algorithms incorrectly, which can lead to unauthorized access or denial of service. To solve this problem, this paper presents a fault-based testing approach for determining incorrect combining algorithms in XACML 3.0 policies. It exploits an efficient constraint solver to generate queries to which a given policy produces different responses than its combining algorithm-based mutants. Such queries can determine whether or not the given combining algorithm is used correctly. Our empirical studies using sizable XACML policies have demonstrated that our approach is effective.
As the Beating Heart Stiffens in Development, So Does the Nuclear Lamina

The heart is the first organ to develop in vertebrate embryos, and coordinated beating of cardiomyocytes is likely facilitated by structural proteins of the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and even the nucleus. We first show that the nucleus beats in the intact embryonic heart and that nuclear beating in vitro is regulated by matrix stiffness. However, it has been unclear when the nuclear structural protein Lamin-A turns on, which seems important because Lmna knockout mice are known to exhibit ‘developmental defects of the heart’ and die shortly after birth. We show that nuclear lamin levels parallel the development of mechanical stiffness and stress in normal embryos. While early embryos are well-known to be uniformly soft, our measurements using a chick embryo model show that the heart begins to stiffen almost immediately following initial differentiation, with tissue stiffness E of 1-2 kPa at embryonic day 4 (E4) increasing significantly by E6. This is accompanied by an increase in Lamin-A levels and comparatively constant Lamin-B expression, with Lamin-A:B stoichiometry already known to function as a mechanosensor in adult tissue [Swift, Science 2013]. Proteomic analyses of lamins from E4 to E10 indeed show that Lamin-A:B stoichiometry scales with stiffness as measured for adult tissue. Inhibition of actomyosin with blebbistatin reversibly reduces beating and contractility of isolated E4 hearts, leading to lower cytoskeletal tension and changes in lamin levels. Isolated cardiomyocytes beat optimally on gels that match the stiffness of embryonic hearts and nuclear beating follows the same trend, with ongoing studies focused on lamin responsiveness including phosphorylation and transcriptional regulation. Nuclear lamins are thus embryonic stress sensors that mechanically link to the cytoskeleton and the matrix, potentially feeding back to cytoskeletal maturation in differentiation.
AP Music Theory Applied

Some American high schools include Advanced Placement (AP) Music Theory within their course offerings. Students who pass the AP exam can receive college credit either as a music or humanities credi...
Building collaborative partnerships in critical care: the RN case manager/social work dyad in critical care.

Purpose/objectives More than 5 million patients are admitted annually to intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States. As the life expectancy of the population continues to lengthen, we should expect to see a proportionate increase in the burden of acute and chronic illness as well as a rise in the demand for critical care services. The case management dyad team of nurse case manager and social worker enhances and supports the critical care team through the implementation of collaborative interventions that focus upon the (1) minimization of inpatient transitions, (2) reduction of cost by decreasing the length of stay, (3) promotion of patient and family satisfaction through efforts of advocacy, and (4) enhanced discharge planning. Primary practice setting(s) Hospital ICUs. Findings/conclusions In the critical care setting the professional partnership of the RN case manager/masters in social worker (RN/MSW) dyad is a core component in the linkage of the ICU support system and it enhances the functioning of the ICU multidisciplinary team. The efforts of the dyad team are congruent with the goals of patient care, with the desires of the family, and with the mission of the organization. Shared goals and a shared commitment to professional practice provide the essential building blocks of the dyad relationship. The dyad structure presents an opportunity for RN case managers and social workers to integrate their strengths and skills in a collaborative patient-centered effort. Implications for case management practice The RN/MSW dyad structure as a model for case management practice promotes continuity of care and strengthens professional relationships. The case manager and the social worker have many shared responsibilities; therefore, a partnership that promotes continuous collaboration and communication is essential to the achievement of successful patient care outcomes. The professional partnership that evolves, as depicted by the RN/MSW dyad structure, enhances the organizations' mission to deliver quality patient-centered care.
Exploring Chromatin Biochemistry with Single-Molecule Fluorescence Diffusometry

We utilize real-time feedback to track individual dye-labeled chromatin fibers undergoing Brownian motion in aqueous buffer, enabling simultaneous recording of fluorescence and hydrodynamic data, providing new insight into conformational dynamics and self-association of nucleosome arrays.
On the Cultivation of the Ability to Run a School

As leaders of a university, we have much to learn from the report of the 16~(th) National congress of CPC. Great importance should be attached to enhancing capability of running a school. Several suggestions are put forward as to positioning our university, nurturing its characteristics, improving its quality and conditions. The above factors are indispensable to the successful development of a university.
Calculation Method of Electric Field Intensity for AC Crossing Transmission Lines

More attentions are paid on electromagnetic environment with higher voltage level for transmission lines.At present,the calculation method for electric field intensity of AC transmission line,which is a two-dimension model,apply to single transmission line.This kind of typical method in two-dimension can calculate electric field intensity in infinite boundary.Electric field intensity calculation of crossing transmission lines requires three-dimension model,however,there is on famous analytic method to calculate it in three dimension space.Usually numerical method is proposed to reach the conclusion for finite area.Some commercial software based on finite-element method,like ansys,can calculate electric field intensity in three-dimension space with definite boundary condition and solution region.For ansys,the computational accuracy depends on three factors,the boundary condition,the solution region and the subdivision of grid.It is required large solution region and small computational element if no accurate boundary conditions.That means more elements,more computational nodal and low computational speed.To solve this problem,the boundary condition is necessary.In this paper,two particular kinds of line charge are defined in three dimension and two formulas of line charge are deduced to calculate electric field intensity of unlimited long straight transmission line.For crossing transmission lines,it is assumed that two transmission lines interact each other in proximity area.As far distance,the interaction between crossing transmission lines is feeble.So the boundary condition can be achieved in such method: first the output of coordinates of each nodal in solution region is obtained from ansys after meshing;then each nodal of electric field intensity in three-dimension section can be calculated with these two formulas;finally the electric field intensity are input into simulation software as the boundary condition.For explicit boundary,the solution region can be deceased as well as the calculation speed.The comparison of simulation results and measurement results demonstrates this method applies for project.Additionally,electric field intensity with different height and phases are calculated by this method.The results indicate that the electric field intensity of crossing transmission lines near ground can be declined by rising the height of two lines and arranging the phase properly.
Applications of Behavioral Insights to Government Regulation

One possible innovation in government that has received much attention recently is the application of behavioral insights to government programs. By incorporating more realistic assumptions regarding human psychology and behavior, behavioral economics holds the potential to improve economic analysis, make better predictions of field phenomena, and develop better public policy. For example, by considering how people process information, government programs can provide information, frame decisions, and set defaults in ways that are more likely to lead citizens to optimizing behavior. This discussion will explore how these insights are actually being applied, particularly in the regulatory arena, and whether the focus on deviations from strict rationality by individuals operating in a market environment has neglected to appreciate that individuals acting in their capacity as government decision-makers may also be subject to bounded rationality and cognitive biases.
Out of the Loop: How Automated Software Updates Cause Unintended Security Consequences

When security updates are not installed, or installed slowly, end users are at an increased risk for harm. To improve security, software designers have endeavored to remove the user from the software update loop. However, user involvement in software updates remains necessary; not all updates are wanted, and required reboots can negatively impact users. We used a multi-method approach to collect interview, survey, and computer log data from 37 Windows 7 users. We compared what the users think is happening on their computers (interview and survey data), what users want to happen on their computer (interview and survey data), and what was actually going on (log data). We found that 28 out of our 37 participants had a misunderstanding about what was happening on their computer, and that over half of the participants could not execute their intentions for computer management.
Fast, lean, and accurate: modeling password guessability using neural networks

Human-chosen text passwords, today's dominant form of authentication, are vulnerable to guessing attacks. Unfortunately, existing approaches for evaluating password strength by modeling adversarial password guessing are either inaccurate or orders of magnitude too large and too slow for real-time, client-side password checking. We propose using artificial neural networks to model text passwords' resistance to guessing attacks and explore how different architectures and training methods impact neural networks' guessing effectiveness. We show that neural networks can often guess passwords more effectively than state-of-the-art approaches, such as probabilistic context-free grammars and Markov models. We also show that our neural networks can be highly compressed-to as little as hundreds of kilobytes-without substantially worsening guessing effectiveness. Building on these results, we implement in JavaScript the first principled client-side model of password guessing, which analyzes a password's resistance to a guessing attack of arbitrary duration with sub-second latency. Together, our contributions enable more accurate and practical password checking than was previously possible.
Disaster at Buffalo Creek. Loss of communality at Buffalo Creek.

The survivors of the Buffalo Creek disaster suffered both individual and collective trauma, the latter being reflected in their loss of communality. Human relationships in this community had been derived from traditional bonds of kinship and neighborliness. When forced to give up these long-standing ties with familiar places and people, the survivors experienced demoralization, disorientation, and loss of connection. Stripped of the support they had received from their community, they became apathetic and seemed to have forgotten how to care for one another. This was apparently a community that was stronger than the sum of its parts, and these parts--the survivors of the Buffalo Creek flood--are now having great difficulty finding the personal resources to replace the energy and direction they had once found in their community. Language: en
Concluding Note: the Afterlife of a Political Discourse

Old discourses never die, they just find a different context. Prudent histori-ans are reluctant to declare the definitive end of anything, and the discourse of capacity is no exception to this rule. After the First World War, in Europe and even in America, echoes of the language of capacity continued to be heard. The discourse of capacity did not return to political life, at least not through the front door of electoral politics. But it was sometimes heard in the more dimly lit corridors of power, where it could still be spoken among the discerning few. In this manner old-fashioned liberal discourse pursued its latter-day vocation of acting as an influence, not a power.
Pre-clerkship clinical skills and clinical reasoning course performance: Explaining the variance in clerkship performance: Pre-clerkship predictors of clerkship variance

Introduction: Evidence suggests that pre-clerkship courses in clinical skills and clinical reasoning positively impact student performance on the clerkship. Given the increasing emphasis on reducing diagnostic reasoning errors, it is very important to develop this critical area of medical education. An integrated approach between clinical skills and clinical reasoning courses may better predict struggling learners, and better allocate scarce resources to remediate these learners before the clerkship. Methods: Pre-clerkship and clerkship outcome measures from 514 medical students graduating between 2009 and 2011were analyzed in a multiple linear regression model. Results: Learners with poor performances on integrated pre-clerkship outcome measures had a relative risk of 6.96 and 5.85 for poor performance on National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) subject exams and clerkship performance, respectively, and explained 22 % of the variance in clerkship NBME subject exam scores and 20.2 % of the variance in clerkship grades. Discussion: Pre-clerkship outcome measures from clinical skills and clinical reasoning courses explained a significant amount of clerkship performance beyond baseline academic ability. These courses provide valuable information regarding student abilities, and may serve as an early indicator for students requiring remediation. Conclusions: Integrating pre-clerkship outcome measures may be an important aspect of ensuring the validity of this information as the pre-clerkship curriculum becomes compressed, and may serve as the basis for identifying students in need of clinical skills remediation.
Assessing Dysarthria severity using global statistics and boosting

A new method for automatic assessment of Dysarthria severity is described. It uses the forward selection method (FSM) on global statistics of low-complexity features to find effective feature sets. FSM is embedded in a boosting algorithm that combines multiple weak classifiers to achieve a single strong classifier. Unlike standard boosting, this uses nonlinear class boundaries and unique feature sets per iteration. Results on a 39 speaker dysarthria database are described.
Patient-reported outcomes in Huntington's disease: Quality of life in neurological disorders (Neuro-QoL) and Huntington's disease health-related quality of life (HDQLIFE) physical function measures.

Background: There is a need for patient-reported outcome measures that capture the impact that motor impairments have on health-related quality of life in individuals with Huntington's disease. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to establish the reliability and validity of new physical functioning patient-reported outcome measures in Huntington's disease. Methods: A total of 510 individuals with Huntington's disease completed 2 Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Lower Extremity Function and Upper Extremity Function) and 3 Huntington's Disease Health-Related Quality of Life (Chorea, Speech Difficulties, and Swallowing Difficulties) measures. Clinician-rated and generic self-report measures were also administered. Results: Reliabilities for the new patient reported physical functioning measures were excellent (all Cronbach's α > .92). Convergent, discriminant validity and known group validity was supported. Conclusions: The results provide psychometric support for new patient-reported physical functioning measures and the fact that these measures can be used as clinically meaningful endpoints in Huntington's disease research and clinical practice. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Weight management: A concept analysis.

Aim There is a need to develop sound healthcare practices where patients and providers are able to succeed in meeting weight management goals. The aim of this analysis is to develop a better understanding the concept of weight management. Background Obesity is a rapidly growing healthcare issue, reaching epidemic levels around the world. According to the World Health Organization, the current incident rate of obesity makes it the leading risk for death across the globe. Design Walker and Avant's model for concept analysis. Data Source A literature search was accomplished using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Health Source: Nursing Academic Edition, Medline, and ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. Review Methods Keywords included weight management, weight control, weight loss, obesity, weight, and management. Results Weight management is complex concept. Strategies to develop successful weight management programs need to be multifaceted to have impact on this healthcare crisis. Conclusion The critical attributes for weight management are dietary measures, physical activity, behavior modification, motivation, education, and lifelong changes. Unsuccessful weight management results in metabolic disorders and increased risk of mortality. Successful weight management practices include the prevention of weight gain, weight loss, and maintenance of ideal body weight.
Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids

In this chapter we describe a case of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) in which a 16-year-old female presented with a protracted course of gait instability and sensory changes which progressed over 5 years to loss of ambulation. MRI with contrast revealed pathognomonic curvilinear and punctate lesions peppering the brainstem and spinal cord. Together, the combination of gait ataxia, spinal cord localizing focal neurological deficits, and characteristic imaging findings led to the diagnosis of CLIPPERS. In this chapter, the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and necessary workup for excluding other processes that may mimic this disease are described. Furthermore, therapeutic interventions are discussed, and the relevance and possible necessity of brain biopsy are examined.
GRAPHITE: A graphical environment for scalable in situ video tracking of moving insects

1. Methods for measuring animal movement are critical for understanding numerous ecological and evolutionary processes. However, few methods are available for small organisms, and even fewer methods offer consistent individual-level resolution while remaining affordable, scalable and operable in the field. 2. We describe a low-cost animal movement tracking method with a user-friendly graphical interface, called GRAPHITE. Our automated software can quantify motions of insects by offline video analysis of inexpensive and lightweight human-readable tags attached to individual insects. The integrated graphical editor provides a full-featured environment for users to review the generated tracking data and make individual- or group-level edits. 3. GRAPHITE is a novel video analysis and graphical editing software (MATLAB v.9.0.0+) that identifies tags in image frames with a minimal false negative rate, links sequences of corresponding tags into “tracks” for each individual insect, infers the tag identifier, and provides a user-friendly graphical environment for editing tracking data. Users can either batch process raw video data using the full analysis pipeline or execute GRAPHITE modules independently for a tailored analysis. 4. We demonstrate the efficacy of the developed software with a specific application to the movement of honey bees at the entrance of hives. However, this system can be easily modified to track individually marked insects of 3 mm and larger. A notable advantage of this method is its ability to provide easy access to individual-level tracking data using human-readable tags.
Guided Wave Energy Distribution Analysis in Inhomogeneous Plates

An analysis of guided wave energy propagation in a inhomogeneous multi-layered composite structure is presented. It has earlier been reported that ultrasonic guided wave energy within an inhomogeneous composite materials tend to follow the orientation of the fibers, even when the plane of the incident wave is not along the fiber direction [1–3]. In this paper, an exact analysis of a plane wave incident onto a generally anisotropic, visco-elastic, multi-layered composite structure is use here to study the energy flow behavior of guided ultrasonic waves in inhomogeneous composite plates [4] is used to predict this behavior. The reflected and refracted coefficients are obtained by using the well know Thomson-Haskell transfer matrix method [5] which transfer boundary conditions from one side of a solid medium to the other. Then, the power flow vector is used to study the energy distributions within the plates as well as the generation mechanism of guided waves.
Benign: Volvulus and Diverticulitis

Volvulus and diverticulitis are common ailments of the gastrointestinal tract that can cause bowel obstruction, bowel ischemia, abscess formation, and peritonitis, leading to sepsis and significant mortality and morbidity. Correct diagnosis and management of these conditions is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and reducing adverse events. This chapter focuses on the background, diagnosis, operative and nonoperative treatment, and complications of these two conditions.
Resonant waves: immersed in geometry

This article introduces Resonant Waves, a work of interactive new media art that incorporates cymatic patterns into an immersive installation. The authors describe their research and design process in creating Resonant Waves, and they discuss technical details about the installation, highlighting innovative aspects of the project and contextualizing the project in terms of previous cymatics research and related artistic explorations of complex phenomena. Finally, the authors discuss audience reaction to different installations of the project and identify directions for future research in immersive cymatics.
Prophylactic Use for Driveline Infections: Can we Prevent Infection Resulting from Trauma?

Purpose Driveline infections in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have long been an adverse event that has been difficult to eliminate. Driveline infections lead to an increased morbidity and mortality and a decrease in quality of life for patients. This review served to determine if using antibiotics as prophylactic therapy can affect infection rates and increase survival in patients who have had trauma or manipulation of the driveline. Trauma or manipulation can consist of a controller drop, driveline tug. Methods A retrospective chart review was done at a large academic medical center. We reviewed all patients implanted with an LVAD within the past 5 years. Patients were divided by infection vs non-infection; patients were then evaluated by who was treated with prophylactic antibiotic therapy and who developed an infection post antibiotic therapy compared to patients that developed an infection with no prophylactic therapy. We then reviewed survival rates within that cohort of patients. Results A total of 258 patients were evaluated for driveline infection. Of those, 73 (28%) patients had developed a driveline infection. Of those 73, 62 (84%) were not treated with prophylactic antibiotic therapy and 11 (15%) received prophylactic antibiotics. Mortality within the group of patients with no prophylaxis therapy was 25 (40%) vs 1 (9%) p=0.03 in the patients that were treated with prophylaxis antibiotic therapy. Conclusion Prophylactic antibiotic therapy can be useful to prevent driveline infections and increase survival in patients with a known controller drop or driveline tug. Further studies should be done to evaluate further prophylactic antibiotic therapy in other cohorts of patients.
Single cell transcriptomics identifies a signaling network coordinating endoderm and mesoderm diversification during foregut organogenesis

Visceral organs, such as the lungs, stomach and liver, are derived from the fetal foregut through a series of inductive interactions between the definitive endoderm (DE) and the surrounding splanchnic mesoderm (SM). While DE patterning is fairly well studied, the paracrine signaling controlling SM regionalization and how this is coordinated with epithelial identity is obscure. Here, we use single cell transcriptomics to generate a high-resolution cell state map of the embryonic mouse foregut. This identifies a diversity of SM cell types that develop in close register with the organ-specific epithelium. We infer a spatiotemporal signaling network of endoderm-mesoderm interactions that orchestrate foregut organogenesis. We validate key predictions with mouse genetics, showing the importance of endoderm-derived signals in mesoderm patterning. Finally, leveraging these signaling interactions, we generate different SM subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which previously have been elusive. The single cell data can be explored at: https://research.cchmc.org/ZornLab-singlecell .
Synergistic Coding of Human Odorants in the Mosquito Brain

Abstract The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti employs olfaction to locate humans. We applied CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering and neural activity mapping to define the molecular and cellular logic of how the mosquito brain is wired to detect human odorants. We determined that the breath volatile carbon dioxide (CO2) is detected by the largest unit of olfactory coding in the primary olfactory processing center of the mosquito brain, the antennal lobe. Synergistically, CO2 detection gates synaptic transmission from defined populations of olfactory sensory neurons, innervating unique antennal lobe regions tuned to the human sweat odorant L-(+)-lactic acid. Our data suggests that simultaneous detection of signature human volatiles rapidly disinhibits a multimodal olfactory network for hunting humans in the mosquito brain.
Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Online Statistics Course for Educational Technology Doctoral Students: a Design and Development Case

The purpose of this design and development case is to document the design, development, and evaluation of a statistics course tailored for educational technology doctoral students in an online program. The course is intended to prepare online doctoral students to both consume and produce quantitative research in the field of educational technology using relevant and authentic learning experiences. This paper first outlined the course features used to engage students in the learning materials. Twenty doctoral students enrolled in this online statistics course provided relevant data on three occasions (pre-, mid-, and post-surveys) during a 16-week academic semester. Drawing from both quantitative and qualitative data sources, this paper demonstrates that the use of authentic and relevant datasets based on peer-reviewed publications from the field of educational technology coupled with engaging practice assignments, designed for students to exercise the use of various statistical techniques using SPSS, was a successful strategy. Students found learning about analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) along with factorial and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the same module overwhelming. Results showed that students’ level of statistics anxiety significantly decreased in three key areas. The discussion provides interpretations of the findings as well as our lessons learned.
ADAPTIVE MESH MODELING AND BARRIER OPTION PRICING UNDER A JUMP-DIFFUSION PROCESS

The computational burden of numerical barrier option pricing is significant, even prohibitive, for some parameterizations—especially for more realistic models of underlying asset behavior, such as jump diffusions. We extend a binomial jump diffusion pricing algorithm into a trinomial setting and demonstrate how an adaptive mesh may fit into the model. Our result is a barrier option pricing method that employs fewer computational resources, reducing run times substantially. We demonstrate that this extension allows the pricing of options that were previously computationally infeasible and examine the parameterizations in which use of the adaptive mesh is most beneficial.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Workup and Evaluation

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most frequent gastrointestinal disorder with an increasing incidence likely due to the rising obesity epidemic. GERD patients may present with typical (esophageal) or atypical (extraesophageal) symptoms.
Development of a continental shelf acoustic telemetry array to support behavioral research of fish in a high energy ocean environment

Abstract Acoustic tracking technology supports the study of behavioral patterns of finfish species over long periods and for long distances across coastal and marine environments. Our research program on elasmobranch movements required deployment of an acoustic array in a high-energy, continental shelf environment off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. A meta-analysis of elasmobranch and teleost acoustic telemetry literature assisted in developing the anchoring and deployment system for the array. But at that time (2008–2014) the literature did not provide suggestions for cost-effective deployment in a remote, high-energy, offshore environment. Using best available information, we designed and deployed an array known as the “Cape Hatteras Acoustic Array” in Raleigh Bay just south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, 0–12 kilometers offshore in waters ranging from 10.6 to 36.5 m deep. At the time, retrieving and redeploying the entire anchoring system was critical to reduce expenditure and minimize structure left on the seafloor in this key commercial fishing area. We describe considerations for the anchoring system design and its deployment and retrieval in this high energy environment affected by alongshore currents, large ocean currents (i.e., Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream), and several storms. While Danforth anchors and heavy chain worked for routinely tended moorings, much heavier anchors and large concrete blocks were necessary for long-term deployments through hurricane seasons. Regular maintenance reduced biofouling of surface lines and equipment deployed on the seafloor with a highflier and surface buoy system marking location of the vertically suspended equipment to minimize interactions with commercial and recreational vessels. Our experience shows that both mooring design and regular retrieval are crucial in maintaining acoustic arrays in challenging marine environments.
Human colon epithelial cell lysates evoke monocyte chemotaxis

Factors governing phagocyte populations in colon mucosa are incompletely understood. In health, macrophages and eosinophils are present to the exclusion of neutrophils (N). In acute inflammation, all three cell types are present, with N predominating. We tested the hypothesis that colon epithelial cells (CEC) influence migration of N and monocytes (M) to the lamina propria.
Anaerobes to the Rescue

Polluted groundwater systems are very difficult to clean up. In his Perspective, [Lovley][1] charts recent advances towards in situ bioremediation of such systems using anaerobic organisms. Such organisms, which naturally exist in soils, may assist in cleaning up hydrocarbons, chlorinated pollutants, and metals. The author concludes that anaerobic strategies are promising but that substantial research remains to be done before any of them can be adopted for routine application. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5534/1444
Query optimization in deductive and relational databases

Optimization is critical to the success of declarative database systems. We develop a powerful extended magic-sets transformation (EMST) for optimization of complex queries in relational and deductive database systems. EMST works by rewriting database queries so that predicates are applied as early as possible (predicate push down) during a bottom-up evaluation of the rewritten query. The magic-sets transformation has earlier been proposed as an optimization technique for recursive queries in deductive databases. We strengthen the technique into an invaluable optimization for all types of queries in practical database systems. (1) The magic-sets transformation can only use equality predicates to restrict computation. We develop the ground magic-sets transformation to push down arbitrary built-in predicates, such as Salary $>$ 70K. (2) The magic-sets transformation is not applicable in presence of duplicates and aggregates supported by practical query languages such as SQL. We define formal semantics for a language with duplicates, aggregates, and recursion, and define EMST for such a language. (3) We demonstrate the importance of EMST on nonrecursive queries through performance experiments on IBM's DB2 database system. We compare EMST with correlation, a traditional SQL optimization technique for pushing down predicates in nonrecursive queries. The conclusion is that EMST is a stable transformation and should replace correlation. A subset of the extended magic-sets transformation has been implemented in the Starburst extensible database system being developed at the IBM Almaden Research Center. The extended magic-sets transformation furthers the state of the art in query optimization for deductive and relational databases.