cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glacial conditioning of stream position and flooding in the braid plain of the Exit Glacier foreland, Alaska

Abstract Flow spilling out of an active braid plain often signals the onset of channel migration or avulsion to previously occupied areas. In a recently deglaciated environment, distinguishing between shifts in active braid plain location, considered reversible by fluvial processes at short timescales, and more permanent glacier-conditioned changes in stream position can be critical to understanding flood hazards. Between 2009 and 2014, increased spilling from the Exit Creek braid plain in Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, repeatedly overtopped the only access road to the popular Exit Glacier visitor facilities and trails. To understand the likely cause of road flooding, we consider recent processes and the interplay between glacier and fluvial system dynamics since the maximum advance of the Little Ice Age, around 1815. Patterns of temperature and precipitation, the variables that drive high streamflow via snowmelt, glacier meltwater runoff, and rainfall, could not fully explain the timing of road floods. Comparison of high-resolution topographic data between 2008 and 2012 showed a strong pattern of braid plain aggradation along 3 km of glacier foreland, not unexpected at the base of mountainous glaciers and likely an impetus for channel migration. Historically, a dynamic zone follows the retreating glacier in which channel positions shift rapidly in response to changes in the glacier margin and fresh morainal deposits. This period of paraglacial adjustment lasts one to several decades at Exit Glacier. Subsequently, as moraine breaches consolidate and lock the channel into position, and as the stream regains the lower-elevation valley center, upper-elevation surfaces are abandoned as terraces inaccessible by fluvial processes for timescales of decades to centuries. Where not constrained by these terraces and moraines, the channel is free to migrate, which in this aggradational setting generates an alluvial fan at the breach of the final prominent moraine. The position of this fan is glacially conditioned but the process of migration of the braided channels across it is not. This broad perspective on channel controls identifies incipient avulsion into the roadside forest as part of a long-term fan-building process independent from changes in streamflow or sediment load.
Plant Gene Structure

Techniques in molecular cloning and DNA sequencing have provided the tools to study the structure of genes at the nucleotide level. Most of these studies have been conducted on mammalian genes. From the comparison of individual genes much knowledge has been gained about organization and potential signal sequences. Although relatively little sequence data is available for plant genes, their number has grown to a degree where similar comparisons may be initiated. Using our studies of the zein storage protein and the data of other laboratories we may draw the following conclusions: 1) Like other plant genes, zein genes are organized in multigene families. Hybridization techniques and sequence data further subdivide the zein multigene family into subfamilies. 2) The sequence data obtained also allows us to determine the protein sequence and the sequence variation among the zein proteins which has occurred during evolution. 3) Comparing the zein genes and other known plant genes, we have identified potential signal sequences which can be distinguished from those of animal genes.
Complexiton solutions to soliton equations by the Hirota method

We apply the Hirota direct method to construct complexiton solutions (complexitons). The key is to use Hirota bilinear forms. We prove that taking pairs of conjugate wave variables in the 2N-soliton solutions generates N-complexion solutions. The general theory is used to construct multi-complexion solutions to the Korteweg–de Vries equation.
Spectral imaging using clinical megavoltage beams and a novel multi-layer imager.

We assess the feasibility of clinical megavoltage (MV) spectral imaging for material and bone separation with a novel multi-layer imager (MLI) prototype. The MLI provides higher detective quantum efficiency and lower noise than conventional electronic portal imagers. Simulated experiments were performed using a validated Monte Carlo model of the MLI to estimate energy absorption and energy separation between the MLI components. Material separation was evaluated experimentally using solid water and aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and gold (Au) for 2.5 MV, 6 MV and 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) clinical photon beams. An anthropomorphic phantom with implanted gold fiducials was utilized to further demonstrate bone/gold separation. Weighted subtraction imaging was employed for material and bone separation. The weighting factor (w) was iteratively estimated, with the optimal w value determined by minimization of the relative signal difference () and signal-difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR) between material (or bone) and the background. Energy separation between layers of the MLI was mainly the result of beam hardening between components with an average energy separation between 34 and 47 keV depending on the x-ray beam energy. The minimum average energy of the detected spectrum in the phosphor layer was 123 keV in the top layer of the MLI with the 2.5 MV beam. The w values that minimized and SDNR for Al, Cu and Au were 0.89, 0.76 and 0.64 for 2.5 MV; for 6 MV FFF, w was 0.98, 0.93 and 0.77 respectively. Bone suppression in the anthropomorphic phantom resulted in improved visibility of the gold fiducials with the 2.5 MV beam. Optimization of the MLI design is required to achieve optimal separation at clinical MV beam energies.
Abstract 19281: CT Molecular Imaging of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Its Linkage to Vascular Disease

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds the major arteries and regulates endothelial functioning. Healthy PVAT has the brown adipose tissue (BAT) phenotype histologically, and possesses anti-i...
LKB1 inactivation occurs in a subset of esophageal adenocarcinomas and is sufficient to drive tumor cell proliferation

Abstract Background The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased over the last several decades. Apart from mutations in TP53 gene, there are little data on genetic drivers of EAC. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) has emerged as a multifunctional tumor suppressor regulating cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Somatic inactivation of LKB1 has been described in several tumor types; however, whether LKB1 inactivation has a role in EAC is unknown. Here we analyzed patient tumors to assess the prevalence of LKB1 loss in EAC. Methods Chromosomal deletion and expression of LKB1 in EAC were investigated using publicly available genomic data. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for LKB1 in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing esophageal tumor specimens, including EAC. LKB1 was suppressed in EAC cells to determine the effects on cell growth in vitro. Results Analysis of EAC data in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset revealed significant deletion of chromosome 19p13.3, containing the LKB1 gene locus. Single copy loss (shallow deletion) of LKB1 was present in 58% of EAC samples. Expression of LKB1 was significantly lower in EAC tumors compared with normal esophagus. IHC analysis showed reduced LKB1 protein expression in EAC. Suppression of LKB1 was sufficient to enhance EAC cell growth in vitro. Conclusions Our data suggest that inactivation of LKB1 frequently occurs in EAC. Based on the reported oncogenic effects of LKB1 inactivation, our data indicate that LKB1 loss may play a significant role in EAC tumorigenesis, and point to the need for future studies.
A path planning method for mobile sink in farmland wireless sensor network

Farmland WSN (wireless sensor network) is characterized by numerous nodes and large area. In order to solve the problem of poor scalability and unbalanced energy consumption of farmland WSN, A mobile sink moving strategy and nodes routing strategy for Farmland WSN is proposed. By partitioning variable regions and forming restricted hops routing trees, nodes can select the optimal routing path. At the same time weighted energy center algorithm is apply to select rendezvous points for the sink node which collect information by accessing each rendezvous points one by one. The algorithm reduces the complexity of path computation on the basis of prolonging the network lifetime by 5.20% and improving the node energy utilization rate.
Pravastatin™ Suppresses Venous Shear Stress Dependent Induction of Aquaporin 1 Protein Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in vitro

Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane water channels that facilitate osmotically-driven water flux. AQP1, expressed in vascular endothelium, functions in cell migration, wound healing, and cell volume regulation in response to mechanical stimuli. AQP1 protein abundance is enhanced in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to fluid shear stress. Statin drugs suppress the development of vein intimal hyperplasia by affecting endothelial response to shear stress. Statins may also regulate the expression of specific AQPs. Therefore, it is hypothesized that AQP1 may function within the mechanosensory complex in endothelial cells and is subject to shear stress-induced modulation of expression by statins. HUVECs were cultured in microfluidic chambers under static (0 dynes/cm2) and venous fluid shear stress (6 dynes/cm2) in the presence or absence of 5 µM Pravastatin™. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry was used to detect AQP1 protein expression. AQP1 expression increased 1.4-fold (p 0.05 vs. control). Shear stress-dependent induction of AQP1 protein expression is suppressed by Pravastatin. Statin drugs might have a potential function in regulating the expression of AQPs that is independent of their cholesterol-lowering function and related to the regulation of AQP1 in vascular endothelial cells.
Examination of Longitudinal Invariance on a Framework for Observing and Categorizing Instructional Strategies

In longitudinal studies, measurement invariance is required to conduct substantive comparisons over time or across groups. In this study, we examined measurement invariance on a recently developed instrument capturing student preferences for seven instructional strategies related to science learning and career interest. We have labeled these seven instructional strategies as Collaborating, Competing, Caretaking, Creating/Making, Discovering, Performing, and Teaching. A better understanding of student preferences for particular instructional strategies can help educators, researchers, and policy makers deliberately tailor programmatic instructional structure to increase student persistence in the STEM pipeline. However, simply confirming the relationship between student preferences for science instructional strategies and their future career choices at a single time point is not sufficient to clarify our understanding of the relationship between instructional strategies and student persistence in the STEM pipeline, especially since preferences for instructional strategies are understood to vary over time. As such, we sought to develop a measure that invariantly captures student preference over a period of time: the Framework for Observing and Categorizing Instructional Strategies (FOCIS). We administered the FOCIS instrument over four semesters over two middle school grades to 1009 6th graders and 1021 7th graders and confirmed the longitudinal invariance of the FOCIS measure. This confirmation of longitudinal invariance will allow researchers to examine the relationship between student preference for certain instructional strategies and student persistence in the STEM pipeline.
The Migration of International Graduates: Intentions, Outcomes, and Implications:

International students comprise an important segment of the global migrant community, yet their migration motivations, intentions, and outcomes have been understudied. Whereas past research largely...
Data augmentation for the handling of censored spatial data

The analysis of spatially dependent data involving observations falling below a detec­ tion level occurs occasionally in environmental applications. With the increased interest in long term exposures to low level contaminants, better methods for handling small levels of a response variable, which lead to many censored observations, are needed. The most common practice for the handling of censored data in spatial settings is to replace the censored observations with some function of the level of detection (LOD), like LOD/2. The resulting parameter estimates and standard errors found using this single imputation method are biased. A data augmentation procedure using a Gibbs sampler for the analysis of censored spatial data in the context of a Bayesian spatial model is presented. Comparison of the data augmentation method to the LOD method and the LOD/2 method will be illustrated using data from a dioxin contaminated site and an old industrial area contaminated with heavy metals.
Discipline in American Education: An Overview and Analysis.

This article presents a broad overview of the problems of school discipline. The term is defined within the context of American society with discussions of anthropological, historical, legal, and d...
Affective and cognitive effects of information use over the course of a vacation

From pre-trip planning through post-trip remembering, vacations unfold over long periods of time. Through the course of a trip the same travel information may be used repeatedly but with different levels of success and satisfaction. These experiential fluctuations over time were examined in a study of trip planners, who collected information from a chamber of commerce before leaving home, to understand how information was applied in situ during their vacation. Travelers with various lengths of stay were segmented into unique groups and their information use was modeled by prior experience with the destination and day of the trip. Dependent variables were five single-item measures for affective and cognitive reactions to the application of travel information. Results suggest longer trips entail more varied daily responses. Prior experience was relevant on selected days of some of the trip lengths.
Developing and Piloting Videogames to Increase College and University Students' Awareness and Efficacy of the Bystander Role in Incidents of Sexual Violence

Abstract Objective: Researchers at the Prevention Innovations Research Center at the University of New Hampshire and the Tiltfactor Laboratory at Dartmouth College collaborated with students to cre...
Randomized phase II trial of sipuleucel-T immunotherapy preceded by sensitizing radiation therapy and sipuleucel-T alone in patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer

Abstract Background Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy indicated for patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Since radiation therapy (RT) can suppress bone marrow function and immune responses, previous studies evaluating sipuleucel-T excluded patients who received RT less than or equal to 28 days prior to sipuleucel-T therapy. Recent evidence suggests that RT may act synergistically with immunotherapy to enhance and broaden antitumor immune response. Methods Patients who met standard criteria for sipuleucel-T were randomized to receive sipuleucel-T alone (Arm A) or sipuleucel-T initiated 1 week after completing sensitizing RT to single metastatic site (Arm B). RT was delivered at 300cGy/day to 3000 cGy total. The primary endpoint was the ability to safely combine sipuleucel-T preceded by RT and generate sipuleucel-T with adequate product immune activation parameters. Secondary endpoints included the measurement of systemic immune responses to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), a target for sipuleucel-T immune therapy and PA20204 (recombinant fusion protein utilized in the generation of sipuleucel-T). Results 51 pts were enrolled, 2 did not receive any sipuleucel-T because of vascular access problems and were excluded. 24 were treated on Arm A, 25 on Arm B. 47/49 patients received all 3 sipuleucel-T infusions. Median age was 66 yrs (range 45–90). Sipuleucel-T product parameters including: total nucleated cell (TNC) count, antigen presenting cell (APC) count were similar in both groups. Cumulative APC upregulation was higher in Arm A. 1 patient in Arm A demonstrated PSA response. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 2.46 months on Arm A and 3.65 months on Arm B (p = 0.06). Both arms showed similar increases in humoral responses to PA2024 and PAP. IFN-ƴ ELISPOT T-cell activation responses to PA20204 were observed in both arms, but were more robust in the Arm A (p = 0.028). Both arms were well-tolerated, with fatigue as the most common grade 2 adverse event (1 patient in Arm A and 3 patients in Arm B). Conclusions Sensitizing RT completed 1 week before generation of sipuleucel-T did not affect the majority of product parameters and the ability to deliver sipuleucel-T therapy. RT did not enhance the humoral and cellular responses associated with sipuleucel-T therapy.
Political mobilisation and public discourse in new immigrant destinations: news media characterisations of immigrants during the 2006 immigration marches

In 2006, millions of immigrants engaged in boycotts and marches for immigrant rights. Many of these protests occurred in new destinations, places with little prior history of collective mobilisatio...
Zinc-Mediated Chain Transfer from Hafnium to Aluminum in the Hafnium-Pyridyl Amido-Catalyzed Polymerization of 1-Octene Revealed by Job Plot Analysis

This report applies a Job plot analysis to demonstrate that dialkyl Zn reagents mediate chain transfer between Hf-pyridyl amido polymerization catalysts and AlR3 chain-transfer agents. Polyoctene produced in the presence of both ZnEt2 and AlEt3 is lower in molecular weight and has a narrower distribution than polyoctene produced in the presence of ZnEt2 alone. I2 labeling and NMR analysis of polymer chain ends enable quantification of the amount of Zn- and Al-polymeryls produced during polymerization. A Job plot of the number of Zn and Al polymer chains produced versus the mole fraction of ZnEt2 at constant moles of Zn + Al reveals a nonlinear relationship. The nonlinearity of the Job plot indicates cooperative exchange between Zn and Al. The chain-transfer agent, AlEt3, inhibits initiation, but not propagation, of polymerization as catalyzed by the Hf-pyridyl amido complex. This inhibition can be obviated by a two-step polymerization protocol. AliBu3 does not inhibit initiation or propagation and can be ...
Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and functional neuroimaging in adolescents living in proximity to pesticide application.

We have reported consistent associations of prenatal organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure with poorer cognitive function and behavior problems in our Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a birth cohort of Mexican American youth in California’s agricultural Salinas Valley. However, there is little evidence on how OPs affect neural dynamics underlying associations. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cortical activation during tasks of executive function, attention, social cognition, and language comprehension in 95 adolescent CHAMACOS participants. We estimated associations of residential proximity to OP use during pregnancy with cortical activation in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions using multiple regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. OP exposure was associated with altered brain activation during tasks of executive function. For example, with a 10-fold increase in total OP pesticide use within 1 km of maternal residence during pregnancy, there was a bilateral decrease in brain activation in the prefrontal cortex during a cognitive flexibility task (β = −4.74; 95% CI: −8.18, −1.31 and β = −4.40; 95% CI: −7.96, −0.84 for the left and right hemispheres, respectively). We also found that prenatal OP exposure was associated with sex differences in brain activation during a language comprehension task. This first functional neuroimaging study of prenatal OP exposure suggests that pesticides may impact cortical brain activation, which could underlie previously reported OP-related associations with cognitive and behavioral function. Use of fNIRS in environmental epidemiology offers a practical alternative to neuroimaging technologies and enhances our efforts to assess the impact of chemical exposures on neurodevelopment.
How and When does Functional Diversity Impact Sales Team Effectiveness: An Abstract

Traditionally, companies have managed salespeople differently than other members of the firm, emphasizing the importance of individual performance. However, practitioner research notes a change in the relationship between individual performance and unit profitability. Specifically, between 2002 and 2012, the impact of individual performance on firm profitability decreased more than 20%; whereas the impact of “employee network” performance increased by more than 20%. As such, firms now rely increasingly on sales teams as opposed to individual sales performance, and an important aspect of the sales team is the composition of the team itself. Yet, our understanding of team composition remains quite limited due to the fact that research on team selling, in general, and sales team composition, in specific, is quite scarce. The focus of this study is therefore to investigate the potential effects of a team’s functional diversity on its effectiveness, the conditional nature of any effects, and the process by which the effects occur. In particular, we examine diversity as a functional capabilities difference and, consistent with the work group diversity literature, expect functional diversity to yield within sales teams both advantages (e.g., better task solving skills due to differences in experience and knowledge) and disadvantages (e.g., decreased team flexibility). The findings suggest that functional diversity positively impacts team effectiveness by building task interdependence among team members, which enhances team effectiveness through both higher levels of team stability and cohesion. However, functional diversity actually reduces team effectiveness by hampering team flexibility, another positive driver of team stability and cohesiveness. The key takeaway rests with the role of team complexity, on which both of these effects depend. Overall, the competing effects of greater task interdependence but lesser team flexibility essentially net each other out when the task is simple (i.e., functional diversity has no net effect on team effectiveness at low levels of task complexity). Under these circumstances, sales managers can make decisions about team composition based on other considerations, such as costs and the complexity of tasks rather than functional diversity. However, when the task is complex, the enhanced value of functional diversity on task interdependence, coupled with the diminished impact of team flexibility, calls for assembling a functionally diverse team.
Bond dissociation energies of lanthanide sulfides and selenides.

Resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy has been employed to observe sharp predissociation thresholds in the spectra of the lanthanide sulfides and selenides for the 4f metals Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Lu. As these molecules possess a large density of electronic states near the ground separated atom limit, these predissociation thresholds are argued to coincide with the true 0 K bond dissociation energies (BDEs). This is because spin–orbit and nonadiabatic couplings among these states allow the molecules to predissociate rapidly when the BDE is reached or exceeded. The measured BDEs, in eV, are as follows: 5.230(3) (PrS), 4.820(3) (NdS), 4.011(17) (SmS), 3.811(8) (EuS), 5.282(5) (GdS), 5.292(3) (TbS), 4.298(3) (DyS), 4.251(3) (HoS), 4.262(3) (ErS), 5.189(3) (LuS), 4.496(3) (PrSe), 4.099(3) (NdSe), 3.495(17) (SmSe), 3.319(3) (EuSe), 4.606(3) (GdSe), 4.600(6) (TbSe), 3.602(3) (DySe), 3.562(3) (HoSe), 3.587(3) (ErSe), and 4.599(6) (LuSe). Through the use of thermochemical cycles, the 0 K gaseous heat of formation, ΔfH0K○, is reported for each molecule. A threshold corresponding to the onset of two-photon ionization in EuSe was also observed, providing the ionization energy of EuSe as 6.483(10) eV. Through a thermochemical cycle and the above reported BDE of the neutral EuSe molecule, the BDE for the Eu+-Se cation was also determined as D0(Eu+-Se) = 2.506(10) eV. Bonding trends of the lanthanide sulfides and selenides are discussed. Our previous observation that the transition metal sulfides are 15.6% more strongly bound than the corresponding selenides continues to hold true for the lanthanides as well.
Patient colon and rectal operative outcomes when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Abstract There is limited data about the safety of colorectal surgery after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We aimed to share our experience about postoperative outcomes of colorectal surgery for patients treated with ICI. Overall, 31 patients were identified, 22 (71%) underwent elective and nine (29%) underwent emergent/urgent surgery. The 30-day Clavien Dindo class ≥ III complication rates were 27.3% (n = 6) for elective and 55.5% (n = 5) for emergent/urgent cases. Four patients underwent emergency surgery for immune-related colonic perforation and developed postoperative septic shock; two died. Considering patients’ comorbidities, cancer stage, and surgical complexity, elective colorectal surgery after ICI seems relatively safe. However, emergent/urgent colorectal surgery was associated with high postoperative morbidity. Indeed, colonic perforation in the setting of ICI treatment has a significant risk of postoperative mortality. Therefore, for patients on ICI with any acute abdominal symptoms, surgical consult should be involved, and colon perforation should be ruled out.
Publishing Accountability and Transparency in the Dance Field

Navigating predatory publishers as an educator, course developer, author, and/or editor can be frustrating and sometimes complex. This article offers how to recognize, avoid, and check if one is be...
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in the Recovery Phase of COVID-19

A 61-year old man was admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory distress syndrome after presenting with four days of dyspnea. Chest imaging revealed diffuse ground glass opacities and he was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. His hospital course was complicated by sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including prolonged mechanical ventilation and renal failure requiring hemodialysis. He never received steroids or other immunosuppressive therapy. After one month, he developed new fevers and thick respiratory secretions. Repeat SARS-CoV-2 PCR at this time was negative. Repeat chest imaging revealed a new right upper lobe cavitary lesion. Differential diagnosis at that time included a developing lung abscess and invasive fungal infection. Tracheal cultures and non-bronchoscopic alveolar lavages were collected and serum galactomannan was sent. Due to ongoing need for mechanical ventilation and persistent secretions, empiric broad spectrum antibiotics and amphotericin B (to include mucormycosis coverage) were started. Cultures initially revealed mold finalized as Aspergillus fumigatus. Antifungal therapy was tailored to voriconazole. His fevers ultimately resolved, and he was weaned to minimal ventilator settings in preparation for tracheostomy. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious infection that can cause severe systemic dysfunction. On imaging, aspergillosis can appear as solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules or masses with a halo, or reverse halo sign. Peripheral areas of consolidation, with or without cavitation, with adjacent pleural thickening and potentially direct invasion into the adjacent chest wall may be seen in advanced cases. Co-infection with aspergillosis in COVID-19 is a newly recognized phenomenon. There is ongoing discussion regarding appropriate evaluation and empiric, perhaps even prophylactic, use of antifungal therapy. Our case was diagnosed after presumed resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection bringing to question the role for routine fungal disease evaluation in so-called recovered individuals with on-going respiratory compromise.
The nanoscale organization of the Wnt signaling integrator Dishevelled in the vegetal cortex domain of an egg and early embryo

Canonical Wnt/β-catenin (cWnt) signaling is a crucial regulator of development and Dishevelled (Dsh/Dvl) functions as an integral part of this pathway by linking Wnt binding to the Frizzled:LRP5/6 receptor complex with β-catenin-stimulated gene expression. In many cell types Dsh has been localized to ill-defined cytoplasmic puncta, however in sea urchin eggs and embryos confocal fluorescence microscopy has shown that Dsh is localized to puncta present in a novel and development-essential vegetal cortex domain (VCD). In the present study, we used super-resolution light microscopy and platinum replica transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to provide the first views of the ultrastructural organization of Dsh within the sea urchin VCD. 3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging of isolated egg cortices demonstrated the graded distribution of Dsh in the VCD, whereas higher resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging revealed that some individual Dsh puncta consisted of more than one fluorescent source. Platinum replica immuno-TEM localization showed that Dsh puncta on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane consisted of aggregates of pedestal-like structures each individually labeled with the C-terminus specific Dsh antibody. These aggregates were resistant to detergent extraction and treatment with drugs that disrupt actin filaments or inhibit myosin II contraction, and coexisted with the first cleavage actomyosin contractile ring. These results confirm and extend previous studies and reveal, for the first time in any cell type, the nanoscale organization of plasma membrane tethered Dsh. Our current working hypothesis is that these Dsh pedestals represent a prepositioned scaffold organization that is important for the localized activation of the cWnt pathway at the sea urchin vegetal pole. These observations in sea urchins may also be relevant to the submembranous Dsh puncta present in other eggs and embryos.
Comparison of Three Different Dehorning Techniques on Pain, Behavior, Wound Healing, and Performance in Feeder Cattle

Removing the horns of cattle is a common practice in most modern day cattle feeding operations. The procedure is thought to decrease injury inflicted on penmates by cattle with horns. Currently, three methods of this procedure are commonly used: 1) tipping, or partial horn removal, 2) mechanical removal, and 3) banding. No research exists that directly compares the three methods and monitors effects on pain, behavior, wound healing, and performance.
Why Does PSM Lead to Higher Work Stress? Exploring the Role that Organizational Identity Theory has on the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and External-Related Stress among Federal Government Employees

This study explored the effects that organizational identity and perceptions of prestige have on the relationship between public service motivation (PSM) and public employees’ concerns regarding external-related work stressors. Using a sample of federal employees, the findings reveal that the relationship PSM has to perceptions of external-related stress were fully mediated by employee’s organizational identity (OI) and perceptions of organizational prestige (POP). Public employees with high levels of PSM were significantly more likely to report having a stronger bond with their organization and more favorable perceptions of outsider views of their organization. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Atomic Bomb Survivors: Epidemiology and Dose Estimation

Within the space of three days, in August 1945, fission bombs were exploded at altitudes of five to six hundred meters above, first Hiroshima and then Nagasaki. The explosive yields were approximately 15 and 22 kilotons. We do not, to this day, know just how many people were in the cities at the time of the bombings, nor just how many died, either immediately or in the first few weeks after the bombings from the effects of blast, burns and radiation. The best estimates appear to be that the two cities contained just over 600,000 persons at the time of the bombings, and that the number of deaths, both immediately and during the following three months, was about 200,000.1 Because the explosions were air bursts there was relatively little fallout, and what there was was concentrated in areas some kilometers outside the cities themselves. Neutron-induced residual radiation of any consequence was limited to the areas within a few hundred meters of the hypocenters, where destruction from blast was almost complete, and the residual radiation decayed to very low levels within a few days. The survivors, therefore, were subjected to acute doses of radiation, mostly gamma rays, received in just a few seconds.
Binding of 125I-human growth hormone to specific receptors in human cultured lymphocytes. Characterization of the interaction and a sensitive radioreceptor assay.

Abstract The interaction of human growth hormone with human lymphocytes from an established culture (IM-9) was studied using 125I-human growth hormone. The binding of 125I-human growth hormone was rapid; with human growth hormone at 0.1 nm a steady state was observed in 90 min at 30°. Bound labeled human growth hormone was dissociated rapidly by addition of excess unlabeled human growth hormone. Binding of 125I-human growth hormone to cultured lymphocytes was relatively insensitive to alterations in the pH and in the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, or EDTA. At 30° there was very little degradation of labeled human growth hormone or of the specific receptor sites. Tryptic digestion destroyed the capacity of cells to bind human growth hormone. The IM-9 cells bound all human growth hormone preparations but not unrelated hormones or nonprimate growth hormones. The binding of 125I-human growth hormone was inhibited 10 to 14% with 1 to 2 ng per ml of unlabeled human growth hormone and 50% with 30 to 40 ng per ml, well within the range of hormone concentrations in vivo. Analysis of steady state data revealed a single order of binding sites with an affinity constant of 1.3 x 109 m-1 and about 4000 binding sites per cell. Numerous human growth hormone preparations were assayed by use of this receptor system as well as by immunoassay and by bioassay in vivo. The potencies of the human growth hormone preparations determined by the radioreceptor assay correlated more closely with the bioassay than with the radioimmunoassay.
Lectures on Wiener and Kalman Filtering

Suppose we have two random variables X, Y with a known joint density function fx,y(.,.). Assume that in a particular experiment, the random variable Y can be measured and takes the value y. What can be said about the corresponding value, say x, of the unobservable variable X?
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Obesity

Severe obesity (body mass index of 40 kg/m2 or above without co-morbidities or body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2 for those with co-morbid conditions) refractory to dietary changes and medical treatment.
Constitutional Limits on the Liability of Churches for Negligent Supervision and Breach of Fiduciary Duty

In the many suits against churches during the past several years for alleged misbehavior of clergy, a wide variety of tort theories have been put forward as possible bases for recovery. Among these are breach of fiduciary duty owed to church members, negligence in hiring, supervision and retention of clergy, intentional or negligent infliction of mental distress and vicarious liability for torts committed by individual clergy. This Article explores possible federal constitutional barriers to these tort actions, focusing mostly on the torts of negligent supervision and breach of fiduciary duty.
Deaf Subjects: Between Identities and Places, Brenda Jo Brueggemann

Brenda Jo Brueggemann remains one of the foremost disabilities studies/deaf studies scholars in the US and has added to her extensive publications with this new text, Deaf Subjects: Between Identit...
New Design and Improvement of Planetary Gear Trains

The development of new types of planetary and planetary face-gear drives is proposed. The new designs are based on regulating backlash between the gears and modifying the tooth surfaces to improve the design. The goal of this work is to obtain a nearly uniform distribution of load between the planet gears. In addition, a new type of planetary face-gear drive was developed in this project.
Studies on reovirus: I. Morphologic observations on the development of reovirus in tissue culture☆

Abstract Reovirus type 1 has been examined early in its replication cycle by means of ultrathin sectioning and the negative contrast technique. Crude preparations of infected tissue culture cells were frozen and thawed, stained with phosphotungstic acid, and examined in the electron microscope. In immature virus particles there is evidence that maturation may be achieved by arranging long protein strands to form the outer viral capsid. A discrete inner shell of viral protein is also observed. Simultaneous examination of ultrathin sections through cells infected with reovirus indicates that viral aggregates arise in the cytoplasm contiguous to but separate from vesicular components.
mu-Opioid receptor activation reduces multiple components of high- threshold calcium current in rat sensory neurons

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to characterize calcium channel types that are modulated by mu-opioid receptor activation in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Five distinct components of high-threshold calcium current were isolated on the basis of their sensitivity to the selective channel blockers omega-conotoxin GVIA, nifedipine, omega-conotoxin MVIIC, or omega-agatoxin IVA. The mu-opioid selective agonist Tyr-Pro-NMePhe-D-Pro-NH2 (PLO17) routinely suppressed high-threshold currents and this effect was always reduced by omega- conotoxin GVIA. A fraction of PLO17-sensitive current remained after omega-conotoxin GVIA that was eliminated by application of omega- agatoxin IVA alone or in combination with omega-conotoxin MVIIC. Nifedipine had no effect on mu-opioid responses nor did PLO17 affect the slow component of tail current induced by Bay K 8644. These data suggest that mu-opioid receptors are negatively coupled to three types of calcium channels in rat DRG neurons, including an omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive (N-type) channel, an omega-agatoxin IVA-sensitive (P- type) channel and an omega-conotoxin MVIIC-sensitive, nifedipine/GVIA/omega-Aga IVA-resistant (presumptive Q-type) channel.
Effects of dose rate on the precipitate distribution in an ion-irradiated nickel-aluminum alloy

The present experiments were performed to investigate the effect of a factor of 100 difference in damage dose rate on /gamma/sub p/rime/-precipitates in Ni-6.84Al. Prior to irradiation, the alloy was solution-treated and aged to produce /gamma/sub p/rime/-precipitates with a mean cube edge of 33.7 nm. Specimens were examined by transmission electron microscopy following irradiation with 2.8 MeV/sup 58/Ni/sup +/ ions to peak damage doses of 0.81, 2.5 and 8.1 displacements per atom (dpa) at an irradiation temperature of 725 degree C for damage dose rates of 4.4 X 10/sup -4/ dpa/s. Analysis of the observed behavior by exisitng theories in the literature indicated that all of the effects noted could not be explained by any single, currently available theory. Satisfactory agreement was found with a treatment based on a combination of several previously proposed growth, dissolution, and reprecipitation mechanisms.
Nature of Particles Involved in Lipid Synthesis in Yeast

Klein, Harold P. (Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.). Nature of particles involved in lipid synthesis in yeast. J. Bacteriol. 90: 227–234. 1965.—Mitochondria-free homogenates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded several particulate layers upon centrifugation at 100,000 × g . Electron microscopy revealed that membranes are present only in the uppermost (“fluffy”) layer, which is inactive in lipid synthesis. The membrane-free material of the middle (“red”) layer stimulated the synthesis of fatty acids and of nonsaponifiable lipids. In addition, this fraction appeared to be rich in the enzyme systems responsible for desaturating fatty acids and for converting squalene to sterols. The purified particles contained protein and ribonucleic acid (approximately 65:35), and further resembled ribosomal material in that they sedimented almost entirely as an 80 S particle in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-magnesium buffer. Various treatments that dissociated the 80 S material did not affect the lipogenic capabilities of this particle fraction. Images
Myeloperoxidase oxidation of sulfur-centered and benzoic acid hydroxyl radical scavengers.

Abstract Myeloperoxidase (MPO) oxidizes sulfur-centered and benzoate hydroxyl radical scavengers through formation of HOCl. Sulfur-centered hydroxyl radical scavengers compete with benzoate as antioxidants ofHOCl. We conclude from these observations that competition experiments between benzoate and sulfur-centered hydroxyl radical scavengers are not sufficiently specific to infer participation of hydroxyl radicals in oxidative reactions mediated by neutrophils because of the unique action of MPO in affecting oxidation of the test radical scavengers.
An Analysis of the Energy Levels of the Mirror Nuclei, C 13 and N 13

An analysis employing the recent nuclear reaction theories of Wigner and others is given of the experimental data on the low energy interactions of $s$, $p$, $d$ orbital neutrons and protons with ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ and $s$ neutrons and protons with ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$. Assuming the equality of $\mathrm{nn}$ and $\mathrm{pp}$ nuclear interactions, it is possible to account for the data on the $s$ interactions if the level spacing is considered in addition to the customary two resonance parameters: reduced width and level position; in particular, the displacement of conjugate levels can be attributed to the difference of the external wave functions for the odd particle, although with an uncertainty of about 25 percent which is due primarily to the lack of precise knowledge of the internal Coulomb energy of the excited states. The large magnitudes of the reduced width and level spacing indicate that two-body potential interactions exist between the odd particle and the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ and ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ cores, and the values of the respective logarithmic derivatives indicate that these interactions are of about equal strengths. The energy dependence of the radiative capture cross section of $s$ neutrons and protons with ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ can be understood if an additional quantity, the final-state reduced width, is included in the theory to take into account the energy-dependent external contribution to the transition moment. The experimental data are only sufficient to treat the $p$ and $d$ interactions in the one-level approximation; a reasonable explanation can be given of the observed displacements of conjugate levels in terms of the differences of the electromagnetic properties of the odd particle such as: external wave functions, spin-orbit interactions, and variations of the internal Coulomb energy. There is some indication from the data on radiative transitions that the independent-particle model also prevails in the $p$ states; on the other hand, the small reduced widths of these states suggest a many-body description. Derivations based on the recent theories are given of the one-channel formulas and of the general one-level formulas which include the negative-energy alternatives. The radial dependences of the resonance parameters are discussed.
Hyperintense vessel sign: isolated cortical venous thrombosis after l-asparaginase therapy

A 14-year-old girl with T-cell acute lymphatic leukemia presented with a 1-week history of headache and left arm and leg numbness after initiation of induction therapy including L-asparaginase. MRI of the brain showed isolated cortical venous thrombosis with hyperintensity on T1weighted and diffusion-weighted (Fig. 1) images with hemorrhagic venous infarct (Fig. 1a, star). The dural venous sinuses were patent (arrow). She mainly received antiedema measures because the entity was not initially recognized. By the time the cortical vein thrombosis was identified, her neurological status had improved. L-Asparaginase therapy carries a 1–2% risk of cerebral venous thrombosis [1]. The precise mechanism is not well understood. It is thought to be due to Lasparaginase-induced imbalance between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors [2]. In the context of Lasparaginase therapy, a high index of suspicion and early imaging are required even for mild neurological symptoms.
A-Kinase Anchoring in Dendritic Cells Is Required for Antigen Presentation

BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APC) of the immune system. Prostaglandin E(2), cyclic AMP, and protein kinase A (PKA) have all been shown to regulate DC maturation and activity. In other cells, the ability of these molecules to convey their signals has been shown to be dependent on A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Here we present evidence for the existence and functional importance of AKAPs in human DC. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using immunofluorescence and/or western analyses we identify AKAP79, AKAP149, AKAP95, AKAP LBC and Ezrin. We also demonstrate by western analysis that expression of AKAP79, AKAP149 and RII are upregulated with DC differentiation and maturation. We establish the functional importance of PKA anchoring in multiple aspects of DC biology using the anchoring inhibitor peptides Ht31 and AKAP-IS. Incubation of protein or peptide antigen loaded DC with Ht31 or AKAP-IS results in a 30-50% decrease in antigen presentation as measured by IFN-gamma production from antigen specific CD4(+) T cells. Incubation of LPS treated DC with Ht31 results in 80% inhibition of TNF-alpha and IL-10 production. Ht31 slightly decreases the expression of CD18 and CD11a and CD11b, slightly increases the basal expression of CD83, dramatically decreases the LPS stimulated expression of CD40, CD80 and CD83, and significantly increases the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7. CONCLUSIONS These experiments represent the first evidence for the functional importance of PKA anchoring in multiple aspects of DC biology.
Using Entertainment Media to Inform Student Affairs Teaching and Practice about Multiculturalism.

This chapter discusses the importance of enhancing the diversity awareness and multicultural competence of undergraduate and graduate students through the use of popular media for classes and training workshops, and it presents two models that explain behaviors associated with racial identity development and understanding diversity issues.