cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Rated Health and Mortality in the High-Functioning Elderly – a Closer Look at Healthy Individuals: MacArthur Field Study of Successful Aging

BACKGROUND This study tested the predictive value of self-rated health on 3-year mortality, with attention focused on healthy, high-functioning elders. METHODS Data from the MacArthur Field Study of Successful Aging were utilized. Subjects were 70-79-year-old (at baseline) residents of the communities of East Boston, MA, New Haven, CT, and a five-county area in and around Durham County, NC (N = 1192) which comprise three sites of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE). In-home interviews were conducted in 1988 and 1991. Logistic regression was performed to create odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, education, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, chronic diseases, past hospitalizations, and cognitive function. The sample was then divided into healthy and less healthy cohorts based on number of chronic diseases, and the analyses were repeated. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratios for self-rated health (poor/bad ratings compared to excellent ratings) in relation to mortality were 19.56 in the general sample, 93.51 in the healthy cohort, and 2.75 in the less healthy cohort. CONCLUSION Self-rated health is predictive of mortality in controlled analyses, with the greatest impact seen in healthy individuals. Health care professionals should be sensitive to the significance of poor self-rated health in apparently healthy patients.
USING THE PROSPECTIVE APPROACH AS AN ADJUNCT TO ESTABLISHED MODELS OF GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY

Four models of group therapy-psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and existential-are discussed. Three features of these models are compared: the therapist's role, the establishment of a therapeutic alliance, and the working through of conflict. Despite their advantages, each of these models has certain limitations. Techniques derived from the prospective principles of caregiver-infant interaction may help overcome these limitations, resulting in additional insight about the relational patterns of the group members. This prospective approach supplements established models by facilitating a more rapid identification of latent conflict, as well as easing the working-through phase and the transition from conflict to a conflict-free state. In addition, the prospective approach promotes the integration of diverse models of group psychotherapy.
Age distribution and the degree of mixing in continuous flow stirred tank reactors

Abstract New development of mean age theory is discussed for quantitative analysis of mixing and age distribution in steady continuous flow stirred tank reactors. A new relationship between the moments of age and the moments of residence time are derived. With this new relationship the variance of residence time distribution can be computed much more efficiently and accurately. The relationships of three existing variances of age are described and a new set of variances and the degree of mixing are defined. The theory is used to characterize mixing performance in a CFSTR with different layouts of an inlet and an outlet. Mean age and higher moments of age in the reactors are obtained from CFD solutions of their steady transport equations. The spatial distribution of mean age reveals details of the spatial non-uniformity in mixing. Variances of age and the degree of mixing discussed by Danckwerts and Zwietering are computed for the first time in the literature for non-ideal stirred tank reactors. It is found that although these measures are useful, certain key features in non-uniform mixing are not reflected accurately. Results show that the new set of variances and the degree of mixing more accurately characterize the non-uniform mixing in the reactors.
Multiple SWItches to turn on chromatin

The SWI/SNF complex is a highly conserved multisubunit assembly that facilitates the function of gene-specific transcriptional regulatory proteins by antagonizing chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. Recent studies have suggested the existence of multiple functionally distinct SWI/SNF-like complexes. One possibility is that different chromatin remodeling systems are targeted to different gene sets or, alternatively, that they may remodel chromatin structure to facilitate cellular processes other than transcription, such as recombination or DNA repair.
Experimental physics, experimental art

What happens when artists and particle physicists are brought together to exchange ideas? Ken McMullen describes the creative fallout.
Administration of Colostrum for the Prevention of Infection in the Low Birth Weight Infant in a Developing Country

In many communities in India mothers refrain from giving breastfeeds during the first 2 to 3 days following birth. Babies lose the benefits of colostrum and risk infection. The efficacy of limited volumes of colostrum (10ml) administered 3 times a day in the prevention of infection was evaluated in 33 high risk low birth weight infants (group 1) who were compared with 33 matched controls (group 2). The advantages of colostrum should be widely publicized and mothers should be encouraged to put the baby to the breast as soon as possible. Preliminary results in the follow-up study suggest that major infections are less likely in infants who receive breast milk than in those who receive other fresh animal or powder milks by bottle. It is interesting to note that in the present study even in those cases where potentially pathogenic organisms were isolated in the milk sample the infants did not develop infection. It is possible that the presence of secretory IgA and other factors provide protection. While it is essential that human milk banks in advanced centers should adhere to their rules for careful selection of milk absence of such facilities in developing countries should not preclude the use of expressed breast milk provided proper care is taken. In these situations the advantages of human milk especially the nutritive economic and antiinfective benefits far outweigh the theoretical risks.
Basolateral K+ channels in airway epithelia. II. Role in Cl- secretion and evidence for two types of K+ channel

We previously described a Ca2(+)-activated K+ channel (KCLIC) in airway epithelial cells [J. D. McCann, J. Matsuda, M. Garcia, G. Kaczorowski, and M. J. Welsh. Am. J. Physiol 258 (Lung Cell. Mol. P...
Cutting Edge: CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Impaired for Intestinal Homing Can Prevent Colitis

Transfer of CD4 + CD45RB high T cells into RAG −/− mice causes colitis, which can be prevented by CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Treg). Colitis induction by CD4 + CD45RB high T cells requires β 7 integrin-dependant intestinal localization, but the importance of β 7 integrins for Treg function is unknown. In this study, we show that β 7 −/− Treg were effective in preventing colitis. Treg expanded in vivo to the same extent as CD4 + CD45RB high T cells after transfer and they did not inhibit CD4 + CD45RB high T cell expansion in lymphoid tissues, although they prevented the accumulation of Th1 effector cells in the intestine. β 7 −/− Treg were significantly reduced in the large intestine, however, compared with wild-type Treg, and regulatory activity could not be recovered from the intestine of recipients of β 7 −/− Treg. These data demonstrate that Treg can prevent colitis by inhibiting the accumulation of tissue-seeking effector cells and that Treg accumulation in the intestine is dispensable for colitis suppression.
A review of the distribution, ecology and population dynamics of age‐0 walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska

This review paper synthesizes published research and unpublished data on the abundance and distribution patterns, ecology and population dynamics of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) during their first year of life (age-0) in the Gulf of Alaska. Distribution patterns have been described using mainly trawl catches, but recently, acoustic methodology has been employed, especially in examining vertical distributions. Although age-0 pollock are found throughout the Gulf, the highest catches occurred west of Kodiak Island. Pollock are pelagic for at least their first 6 months of life but show an ontogenetic increase in depth distribution superimposed on a pronounced diel vertical migration at a larger size. Daily growth rates are variable depending on year, season and area, and growth generally ceases during the winter. The diet of age-0 pollock shifts from mainly copepods in early juveniles to euphausiids by fall, with epibenthic organisms becoming important during the winter months. Feeding occurs mainly at night in surface waters. Age-0 pollock are most frequently associated with gelatinous zooplankton (medusae) and older pollock. Many predators on age-0 pollock have been identified; the most important are arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), adult pollock, puffins (Fratercula spp.), murres (Una spp.), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) and Steller sea lions (Eumetopiasjubatus). Modelling provides some insight into the population dynamics of these juveniles and environmental conditions which interannually affect their survival. These results are discussed relative to the importance of age-0 pollock in the recruitment of this species and to their role in the pelagic ecosystem.
Regulated assembly of the Toll signaling complex drives Drosophila dorsoventral patterning

In Drosophila, the Toll pathway establishes the embryonic dorsoventral axis and triggers innate immune responses to infection. The transmembrane receptor Toll acts through three death domain-containing proteins, the kinase Pelle and the adapters Tube and MyD88, in signaling to downstream NF-κB-like transcription factors. Here, we delineate the critical events in the earliest stages of Toll signaling. Mutational studies based on structural modeling reveal that the direct interaction of the bivalent Tube death domain with MyD88 is critical for signaling in vivo. The complex of MyD88 and Tube forms prior to signaling and is localized to the embryonic plasma membrane by MyD88. Upon Toll homodimerization, this complex is rapidly recruited to Toll. Binding of Pelle to the MyD88–Tube complex promotes Pelle activation, leading to degradation of the IκB-like inhibitor, Cactus. Together, these experiments convert a linear picture of gene function into a dynamic mechanistic and structural understanding of signaling complex assembly and function.
Recreational Multifunctionality and its implications for agroforestry diffusion

Recreational Multifunctionality refers to those farms providing at least one recreational service to members of the farm household or the public. Based on the types of recreational services offered, two types of landowners have been identified: Productivists and Ruralists. They differ on their extent of Recreational Multifunctionality, farm household attributes and farm representation. Both types of landowners also have different behavior and understanding of agroforestry. This study builds on the Recreational Multifunctionality construct to identify message content, channels and agencies that can better facilitate the diffusion of agroforestry. In 2006, 353 randomly selected landowners from Missouri were interviewed and clustered in two groups: Productivists (38.0%) and Ruralists (62.0%). These groups were examined to identify differences regarding their perceptions of being a good farmer (i.e., message content); their preferred source of information (i.e., communication channel); and their preferred agencies for learning purposes (i.e., communication agencies). Study results show differences between Productivists and Ruralists in all three aspects of diffusion examined (i.e., message content, channels and agencies), suggesting that all landowners should not be approached in the same way when promoting agroforestry. Messages conveyed to Productivists should emphasize the economic benefits of agroforestry, while messages to Ruralists should emphasize the conservation benefits of agroforestry. Touring farms with active tree management is a good way to disseminate agroforestry practices among Productivists while state and federal extension agents appear to be more suitable to approach Ruralists. Both groups can effectively be reached using printed materials, especially through official conservation magazines.
Nonlinear control for joint air and fuel management in a SI engine

Engines equipped with a means to actuate air flow at the intake port can achieve superior fuel economy performance in steady state. The paper shows how modern nonlinear design techniques can be used to control such an engine over a wide range of dynamic conditions. The problem is challenging due to the nonlinearities and delays inherent in the engine model, and the saturation of the air flow actuator. The control solution has two novel features. Firstly, a saturation recovery method is directly integrated into the nonlinear control design. The second novel feature is that the control Lyapunov function methodology is applied to a discrete-time model. The performance of the controller is evaluated and compared with a conventionally controlled engine through simulations.
Are Conversations Between Dolphins and Humans Possible

Scientific speculations concerning the sophistication of dolphin communication systems have contributed to the notion that meaningful two-way communication between dolphins and humans is possible. This notion has garnered considerable support in the media and popular literature, resulting in an enduring myth that dolphins and humans can communicate in ways that rival, and perhaps even surpass, human-human communication. The truth, however, is quite different from the myth. Although humans and dolphins can certainly communicate with one another, communication between dolphins and humans has been quite limited to date. In fact, there is no compelling scientific evidence that humans and dolphins have engaged in meaningful conversations that involved mutual exchanges of information. In this paper, I consider the reasons why communication between humans and dolphins has been much more limited than many media reports suggest.
A model for plasma modification of polypropylene using atmospheric pressure discharges

Atmospheric pressure plasmas are commonly used to improve the wetting and adhesion properties of polymers. In spite of their use, the mechanisms for achieving these properties are unclear. In this regard, we report on a computational investigation of the gas phase and surface kinetics during humid-air corona treatment of polypropylene (PP) and the resulting modification of its surface properties while varying energy deposition, relative humidity (RH), web speed, and gas temperature. Using results from a global plasma chemistry model validated against experiments, we found that increasing energy deposition increased the densities of alcohol, carbonyl, acid, and peroxy radicals on the PP surface. In doing so, significant amounts of gas phase O3 and NxOy are produced. Increasing the RH increased the production of peroxy and acid groups, while decreasing those of alcohol and carbonyl groups. Production of O3 decreased while that of HNO3 increased. Increasing the temperature decreased the concentrations of alcohol, carbonyl, and acid groups on PP while those of the peroxy radicals increased. For a given energy deposition, higher web speeds resulted in decreased concentrations of alcohols, peroxy radicals, carbonyl, and acid groups on PP.
Reduced fractionation and the potential of hypoxic cell sensitizers in irradiation of malignant epithelial tumors.

Abstract In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in hypofractionation associated with investigations of hyperbaric oxygen, high LET (linear energy transfer) radiations, and hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. With a view toward developing trials with irradiation and misonidazole, a review was undertaken of the experience with hypofractionation at the Medical College of Wisconsin. From 1971 through 1973 all patients were treated with 1, 2, or 3 fractions per week; a proportion received hypofractionation until 1976. Patients who were treated from 1965–1971 and 1974–1976 who received five fractions per week were compared. Two groups of patients were identified: 262 patients with inoperable, but localized carcinoma of the lung and 94 patients with squamous carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx, all of whom received only external irradiation. The results in both groups show a significant reduction in tumor control probability with reduction in the number of fractions per week. A review of the available literature also indicates a decreased probability of tumor control with hypofractionation. Therefore, it may be necessary for hypoxic cell sensitizers to overcome a deficit imposed by reduced fractionation before a therapeutic benefit can be shown in prospective trials.
Thermal and collisional corrections to the ordinary wave

Introduction Electromagnetic waves propagating perpendicular to a static magnetic field Bo can be distinguished according to their polarization. Waves, whose electric field lies along the static magnetic field, are labelled ordinary; the extraordinary wave is elliptically polarized in the plane perpendicular to Bo. These waves have been studied by many authors. Excellent surveys are found in Stix (1962) and Ginsberg (1964). More recently (Hamasaki 1968; Bornatici & Lee 1970; Lee & Armstrong 1971), interest has developed in the stability of the ordinary wave. A cold-plasma treatment of the ordinary wave predicts phase velocities independent of Bo; similarly, a fluid description utilizing a scalar pressure also indicates no magnetic field dependence. A kinetic treatment based on the Vlasov equation yields magnetic field and thermal corrections to this mode (Stix 1962; Dnestrovskii & Kostomarov 1961). In this paper, we show that a fluid description is possible; this approach, in addition to providing insight into the physical nature of the correction terms, also easily permits the inclusion of like and unlike collisions. The collisionless results obtained are in full agreement with those found by the kinetic approach. It is important to note that these corrections cannot be found by using the pressure tensor given by Chapman & Cowling (1960), or using the Chew-Goldberger-Low equations as modified by Macmahon (1965).
Polymorphism in the Angiotensinogen Gene, Hypertension, and Ethnic Differences in the Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events

The M235T mutation of the human angiotensinogen gene has been shown to be associated with elevated circulating angiotensinogen concentrations and essential hypertension. The frequencies of the 235T allele are significantly different in black and white subjects. We analyzed the independent contribution of the angiotensinogen M235T mutation to the development of recurrent coronary events (coronary-related death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unstable angina) in a cohort of 916 black (n=145) and white (n=771) postmyocardial infarction patients who were prospectively studied during an average follow-up of 28 months. The frequency of the 235T allele was significantly higher among black (82%) than among white (44%) patients (P<0.001). There was no evidence for Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. During follow-up, 41 cardiac events (28%) occurred in blacks and 197 (26%) in whites (P=0.49). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that 235T homozygosity was independently associated with increased risk of coronary events among black (hazard ratio: 2.37; P=0.04) but not white (hazard ratio: 0.93; P=0.68) patients, with a significant ethnic-related interaction effect (P for the difference=0.04). Among hypertensive black patients, the TT genotype was associated with a 3.3-fold (P=0.02) increase in the risk of coronary events. Our findings suggest that homozygosity for the 235T mutation in the angiotensinogen gene is an independent risk factor for coronary events in black postmyocardial infarction patients. The presence of hypertension significantly augments the risk associated with this genetic mutation.
Detection of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) Genes by FISH: Further Evidence for a Role for SMN2 in the Modulation of Disease Severity in SMA Patients

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder which presents with various clinical phenotypes ranging from severe to very mild. All forms are caused by the homozygous absence of the survival motor neuron ( SMN1 ) gene. SMN1 and a nearly identical copy ( SMN2 ) are located in a duplicated region at 5q13 and encode identical proteins. The genetic basis for the clinical variability of SMA remains unclear, but it has been suggested that the copy number of SMN2 could influence the disease severity. We have assessed the number of SMN2 genes in patients with different clinical phenotypes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using as SMN probe a mixture of small specific DNA fragments. Gene copy number was established by FISH on interphase nuclei, but the presence of two SMN2 genes on the same chromosome could also be revealed by FISH on metaphase spreads. All patients had at least two SMN2 genes. We found two or three copies of SMN2 in severely affected type I patients, three copies in intermediately affected type II patients, generally four copies in mildly affected type III patients and four or eight copies in patients with very mild adult-onset SMA. No alterations of the genes were detected by Southern blot and sequence analysis, suggesting that all gene copies of SMN2 were intact. These data provide additional evidence that the SMN2 genes modulate the disease severity and suggest that knowledge of the gene copy number could be of some prognostic value.
Past the tipping point: the persistence of fighting in product development

One of the most common syndromes in product development is firefighting, the unplanned allocation of resources to fix problems discovered late in a product's development cycle. While it has been widely criticized in both the popular and scholarly literature, firefighting is a common occurrence in most product development organizations. Product development systems have a tipping point. In models of infectious diseases, the tipping point represents the threshold of infectivity and susceptibility beyond which a disease becomes an epidemic. Similarly, in product development systems there exists a threshold for problem-solving activity that, when crossed, causes firefighting to spread rapidly from a few isolated projects to the entire development system. The location of the tipping point, and therefore the susceptibility of the system to the firefighting phenomenon, is determined by resource utilization in steady state. Many of the current methods for aggregate resource planning are insufficient and managers wishing to avoid the firefighting dynamic must rethink their approach to managing multi-project development environments.
Moral development and perceptual role-taking egocentrism: their development and interrelationship across the life-span.

Moral judgments and perceptual role taking egocentrism were assessed in seventy-two middle-class people whose age range encompassed a significant portion of the life span. Findings support the anticipated curvilinear relationship between moral development and age, and egocentrism and age. However, the close conceptual relationship between moral development and egocentrism throughout life received only slight statistical support, which attained significance only in the fifteen- to nineteen-year-old age group. The existence of “self-involving” egocentrism was postulated to be an important determinant of moral development during adulthood.
Comparison of optimal path planning algorithms for an autonomous mobile robot

In this paper, an optimal control approach is used to solve a two-dimensional path planning problem for a differential drive mobile robot. Two optimal control algorithms are presented and analyzed, which consist of a novel implementation of a linear quadratic tracker (LQT), and a dynamic programming (DP) scheme. The algorithms are applied to the task of GPS navigation with obstacle avoidance. The methods aim to find an optimal path where the tracking error to the GPS target is minimized, while avoiding the obstacles present on the vehicle's map. The LQT algorithm minimizes the tracking error to the goal point, while simultaneously maximizing the distance to obstacles. It also makes use of a fuzzy logic system to adjust the optimization parameters according to different environmental scenarios.
Interpretation of Urine Drug Testing Results in Patients Using Transdermal Buprenorphine Preparations for the Treatment of Chronic Noncancer Pain

Objective To determine whether the prevailing liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy assay (LC-MS/MS) assay designed to monitor buprenorphine compliance of the sublingual formulation used in the substance abuse treatment setting can be extrapolated to the transdermal formulation used in the chronic pain treatment setting, which is 1000-fold less concentrated. Design Retrospective chart review. Subjects Self-reported compliant patients using the transdermal or sublingual formulations of buprenorhphine. Transdermal patch application was also visually confirmed during clinic visits. Methods Urine drug test results from a LC-MS/MS were compared between samples from transdermal and sublingual patients. Results While all sublingual patients tested positive for at least one metabolite of buprenorphine, only 69% of the transdermal patients did so. In addition, the most abundant metabolite in the transdermal patients was buprenorphine-glucuronide, as compared with norbuprenorphine-glucuronide in sublingual patients. Conclusions These data suggest that currently available urine drug tests for buprenorphine, including the more expensive LC-MS/MS based assays, may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect the metabolites from transdermal buprenorphine patients. This study highlights the need to evaluate the value and sensitivity of urine drug tests given the wide range of buprenorphine dosing in clinical practice. These results underscore the need for additional cost benefit analyses comparing different confirmatory drug testing techniques including many commercially available drug testing options. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sorivudine: A Potent Inhibitor of Varicella Zoster Virus Replication

Effective antiviral therapy has been achieved with the administration of nucleoside analogs, particularly for herpesvirus and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Compounds such as acyclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir are prototype nucleoside analogs which have demonstrated antiviral activity against several members of the herpesvirus family. Sorivudine (bromovinyl arabinosyl uracil; BVarak) is a relatively new nucleoside analog which was synthesized by Dr. Machida of the Yamasa Shoyu Company in Japan.1,2 Sorivudine has undergone field trial evaluation for the treatment of zoster in Japanese volunteers and was licensed for the treatment of this disease in 1994 in that country. Currently, the compound is under evaluation in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia for the treatment of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections in both the normal and immunocompromised host. This review will briefly summarize published data on sorivudine and its potential as a therapeutic for VZV infections.
A Burgeoning Ecopsychological Recovery Movement

Abstract Contemporary individualism, materialism, and unsustainable consumption reflect a cultural addiction. Like those who overuse or abuse various substances, many people are trapped by short-term conveniences and escapes from emotional pain provided via “thing-a-holism” (Clinebell, 1996) and techno-addiction (Glendinning, 1995), rather than focusing on the myriad long-term benefits associated with more sustainable practices. Regrettably, much of the messaging designed to promote change only serves to reinforce habitual and unsustainable behavior patterns. Various spiritually based initiatives emphasizing mindfulness, interconnectedness, community, and belief in something greater than one's self are described as representing an emerging “recovery movement” that holds promise for responding to the “Long Emergency” (Kunstler, 2005), the topic of this special issue. Key Words: Addiction—Environmental anxiety/eco-anxiety—Climate change—Positive psychology—Spirituality.
Optimal Financial and Operating Leverage with Real Options

We analyze the optimal capacity investment (or operating leverage) and financial leverage policies with irreversible investment in the presence of financial distress and capacity expansion costs. In a loan market equilibrium with endogenous default, financial and operating leverage may either be substitutes or complements depending on the magnitude of expansion costs and whether the marginal tax rate exceeds marginal distress costs. Consequently, the relation of financial leverage and cash-flow uncertainty can be complex, consistent with empirical evidence. We generate novel predictions on the effects of financial and technological parameters on the cross-sectional variation in financial and operating leverage, and book-to-market.
Travel and Adventure Medicine Resources

Given the ever-changing nature of travel medicine, practitioners who provide pretravel and posttravel care are obligatorily students for the duration of their professional careers. A large variety of resources are available for medical practitioners. Providers should join at least one travel or tropical medicine professional association, attend its annual meeting, and read its journal. The largest general travel medicine association is the International Society of Travel Medicine.
Nursing and dental students' and pediatric dentistry residents' responses to experiences with interprofessional education

Interprofessional education (IPE) has received increasingly more attention over recent years. The objectives of this study were to assess 1) how nursing students' considerations concerning their own oral health and oral health-related knowledge changed from before to after experiencing IPE; 2) how nursing students', dental students', and pediatric dentistry residents' IPE-related attitudes and Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) scores changed after experiencing an IPE rotation; and 3) how these groups' attitudes and RIPLS scores were related. Data were collected from three groups who participated in an IPE rotation: thirty-eight of forty third-year dental students (95 percent response rate), all thirty-three nursing students (100 percent), and all six pediatric dentistry residents (100 percent) prior to the rotation, and 100 percent of each group after the rotation. As a control group, data were also collected at the beginning of the winter term from first-year dental students (104 out of 105; 99 percent response rate) and second-year dental students (102 out of 116; 88 percent); the same groups were surveyed at the end of term, with response rates of 98 percent for first-year students and 89 percent for second-year students. After the rotation, the nursing students' tooth brushing frequency increased, and their comfort level with dental visits and oral health-related knowledge improved. The dental students rated the importance of nurses' having oral health-related knowledge and skills lower than did the nursing students and pediatric dentistry residents. The groups' RIPLS scores correlated with these importance ratings. Overall, while the nursing students showed positive responses to IPE, the dental students' attitudes and RIPLS scores did not change as a result of the IPE experience. Future research should explore the conditions under which dental students are impacted by IPE.
Growth and Intake of Calves Fed Milk Replacer by Nipple Bottle or Computer Feeding System1

Abstract Forty Holstein calves were assigned at birth to a randomized complete block experiment to evaluate method of milk replacer feeding on growth, intake, and behavior of calves. Commercial medicated milk replacer was fed at 460 g/d in 4 L of water divided into 2 feedings per day from nipple bottles or in 8 feedings per day from a computerized milk feeding system. Calves were placed into one of two group pens containing 2 to 12 calves per pen at approximately 7 d of age for a 52-d trial. A separate outdoor exercise area was connected to each pen. Commercial calf starter (19.5% CP on a DM basis) was offered to each group of calves for ad libitum consumption. Intake of milk replacer was lower (13 g/d) when calves were fed by the computer feeder. Reduced intake of milk replacer in the computer feeder was caused by calves occasionally losing their neck chains and by computer malfunctions during the experiment. Body weight gain was increased by 120 g/d (698 vs 578) when calves were fed by the computer. Calves fed from the computer feeder had fewer incidences of inter-animal contact (n = 1) than calves fed from nipple bottles (n = 40) in the 1st h after each feeding. The computerized milk feeding system appears to be an effective and practical method feeding milk replacer to replacement calves.
Down the SoTL Rabbit Hole: Using a Phenomenological Approach to Parse the Development of Student Actors

Theatre is a multi-dimensional discipline encompassing aspects of several domains in the arts and humanities. Therefore, an array of scholarly practices, pedagogies, and methods might be available to a SoTL researcher from the close reading of texts in script analysis to portfolio critiques in set, costume, and lighting design—approaches shared with the humanities and the visual arts. For those studying the learning processes involved in developing actors, however, this article argues that it is necessary to go beyond the cognitive elements of the process and turn to the very experiential nature of performance to capture kinetic and affective learning. While basic voice, movement, and acting skills can be built on repetition and evaluated with critical rubrics, in order to capture the learning processes involved in the integration of cognition, voice, body, and emotion (affect), we have to use the reflective habits of mind present in theatrical culture. One approach to gathering reflective data for such studies is phenomenology. This article describes several SoTL inquiries into the experiential nature of performance. It argues that, depending on the research question at hand, phenomenological reports on developing acting skills intersecting with demonstrations of cognitive analysis and external performance critiques not only provide a rich data stew for analysis but deeper insight into the learning processes of the developing performer.
Paxillin and steroid signaling: from frog to human.

Paxillin is a well-characterized cytoplasmic adaptor protein that is known to play important roles in cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell adhesion, and cell motility. In addition to its structural functions, paxillin has more recently been shown to function as a regulator of cell division—mediating steroid-triggered meiosis in oocytes as well as steroid- and growth factor-induced proliferation in prostate and breast cancer. Paxillin mediates these processes through a conserved pathway that involves both extranuclear (nongenomic) and nuclear (genomic) steroid signaling, as well as both cytoplasmic and nuclear kinase signaling. In fact, paxillin appears to serve as a critical liaison between extranuclear and nuclear signaling in response to multiple stimuli, making it a fascinating molecule to study when trying to determine how growth signals from the membrane lead to important proliferative changes in the nucleus. This chapter outlines recent advances in understanding how paxillin regulates both steroid and growth factor signaling, focusing on the conserved nature of its actions from a frog germ cell to a human cancer cell.
Social Work With Groups’ Practice Ethics and Standards: Student Confidence and Competence

Objective:The purpose of this research was to (a) learn how confident social work students were with social work with groups’ ethics and standards, (b) explore strengths and challenges, (c) examine if group work experience impacts results, and (d) discover if confidence improved when the International Association of Social Work with Groups (IASWG) Standards became required class reading.Method:Social work students (n = 234) were given the Inventory of Foundation Competencies in Social Work with Groups (IC-SWG) at the beginning and end of 15-week group work classes. Descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, and t tests were conducted.Results:Students’ scores improved from pretest to posttest (p = .000). They were confident in their ability to respect and highly value diversity (mean = 3.5/4) but were challenged employing special skills with and understanding dynamics of mandated clients (2.99/4).Conclusion:Incorporation of the IASWG Standards and group work experience were associated with greater compe...
Red Blood Cells and the Vaso-Occlusive Process

While the definitive genetic defect in sickle cell disease (SCD) is sickle hemoglobin (HbS), the relationship between the HbS mutation and the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion in SCD remains incompletely understood and likely involves multiple complex and heterogeneous steps. Since chronic transfusion can prevent stroke and reduce the frequency of acute vaso-occlusive events, it is clear that the sickle red blood cell (RBC) plays a critical role in this process. Numerous sickle RBC factors contribute to the vaso-occlusive process, including: HbS polymerization; RBC cation loss and resultant cellular dehydration; oxidative injury of RBC membrane proteins and lipids; band 3 clustering; loss of phospholipid asymmetry and phosphatidylserine exposure; reduced RBC deformability; irreversibly sickled RBCs; increased adhesion of sickle RBCs to the endothelium and other circulating blood cells; intravascular hemolysis with the release of cell-free hemoglobin, arginase, and adenosine deaminase; and RBC microvesiculation. These sickle RBC properties initiate and propagate endothelial injury, vascular stasis, and activation of the coagulation and inflammatory pathways, precipitating acute vaso-occlusion.
Orienting to the Journey: The Mythic Way

Hanser describes the beginning of the journey from illness to wellness. She introduces Joseph Campbell’s “Hero’s Journey” as a metaphor for the therapeutic process that is undertaken by music therapist and companion, suggesting a potential, parallel course. Hanser presents several case studies, telling the stories of a few special individuals as they encounter illness. Sally’s initial discomforts and concerns about signs or symptoms lead to worry, stress, and entry into the medical labyrinth. Diagnosis of sickle cell disease brings challenges to Helen’s identity that will follow her throughout her life. Music therapy awakens the musical self, and redefines the experience of illness.
Clinical peritonitis from allergy to silicone ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Silicones are inorganic compounds that have been used for the purpose of shunting ventricular fluid since the mid-20th century [1]. Complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunts have rarely been attributed to silicone allergy, with only a handful of cases reported in literature. The classic presentation of allergy to silicone ventriculoperitoneal shunt, i.e., abdominal pain with recurrent skin breakdown along the shunt tract, is nonspecific and difficult to distinguish clinically from other causes of shunt-related symptoms. It can be diagnosed by detection of antisilicone antibodies and is treated with removal of the shunt and replacement, if needed, with a polyurethane shunt system. We report the first case of suspected silicone allergy presenting as clinical peritonitis without overt colonic perforation.
Who is in private prisons? Demographic profiles of prisoners and workers in American private prisons

Abstract Who is in private prisons? This seemingly straightforward question has received surprisingly little attention in the United States. This paper analyzes national prison data to provide demographic profiles of prisoners and workers in private prisons in the United States and to compare them to prisoners and workers in state and federal prisons. It summarizes data on jurisdiction, sentence length, race, and citizenship of prisoners, as well as the race and gender of correctional officers. Results reveal differences between private and public prisons with respect to both prisoners and workers. Specifically, private prisons detain inmate populations that are disproportionately non-white, under federal jurisdiction, and serving short sentences; and they employ officers that are disproportionately female and black or Hispanic. These results depict the private prison sector as distinct from its public counterpart—both in terms of prisoner and staff composition. A discussion considers the implications of these findings for equity in punishment.
Detecting user story information in developer-client conversations to generate extractive summaries

User stories are descriptions of functionality that a software user needs. They play an important role in determining which software requirements and bug fixes should be handled and in what order. Developers elicit user stories through meetings with customers. But user story elicitation is complex, and involves many passes to accommodate shifting and unclear customer needs. The result is that developers must take detailed notes during meetings or risk missing important information. Ideally, developers would be freed of the need to take notes themselves, and instead speak naturally with their customers. This paper is a step towards that ideal. We present a technique for automatically extracting information relevant to user stories from recorded conversations between customers and developers. We perform a qualitative study to demonstrate that user story information exists in these conversations in a sufficient quantity to extract automatically. From this, we found that roughly 10.2% of these conversations contained user story information. Then, we test our technique in a quantitative study to determine the degree to which our technique can extract user story information. In our experiment, our process obtained about 70.8% precision and 18.3% recall on the information.
Mindfulness in Anorexia Nervosa: An Integrated Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND:Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychiatric illness with limited evidenced-based treatment options. Mindfulness appears useful in many conditions, but few studies focus on its use in indiv...
Corporate Governance: The Jack Wright Series (5) CEO Succession Planning, Selection, and Performance Appraisal

Case #5 in the Jack Wright series provides for the discussion of issues relating to succession planning for the CEO, their selection and appointment, and the subsequent appraisal of their performance. These activities are among the most crucial that boards have to face, and directly impact the long-term performance of the company. Excerpt UVA-OM-1087 Rev. May 12, 2011 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: The Jack Wright Series (5) CEO Succession Planning, Selection, and Performance Appraisal Jack Settles In as a Mega Director Jack Wright had been on the board of the Mega Corporation for six months and had attended three meetings, in April, July, and October. He had concluded that there were very important problems that needed to be addressed. While the situation at Mega was not as urgent as that requiring the turnaround he had engineered in his company, he saw many similarities. He thought he knew how to go about getting the problems under control, but he had not determined the best way to unscramble the leadership situation. John Rock was not performing, was nearing retirement age and there was no succession plan. . . .
System design of the NIF Neutron Imaging System North Pole

A new neutron imager, known as Neutron Imaging System North Pole, has been fielded to image the neutrons produced in the burn region of imploding fusion capsules at the National Ignition Facility. The resolution and alignment requirements and parameters that drive the design of this system are similar to the pre-existing equatorial system, there are significant changes. This work describes the parameters and limitations driving the design of this system, discusses the metrology and alignment, and shows some data from the instrument.
Ein ausgedehntes Hüftgelenkganglion als seltene Ursache für chronische Leistenschmerzen

Eine 66-jahrige Frau beklagte seit etwa 6 Monaten zunehmende linksseitige Leistenschmerzen mit resultierender Gangstorung ohne vorausgehendes Trauma. Im MRT zeigte sich ein zystischer Tumor, der vom Huftgelenk bis zur Innenseite der Beckenschaufel reichte. Die CT-gesteuerte Punktion lieferte wenig gallertartigen Zysteninhalt mit negativer Bakteriologie. Der Tumor wurde uber einen ileofemoralen Zugang entfernt. Histologisch handelte es sich um ein Ganglion des Huftgelenks. Diese konnen, wie durch den vorliegenden Fall beschrieben, eine signifikante Grose erreichen, ohne eine Kompression von Leitungsbahnen zu verursachen und sollten als seltene Ursache in die differenzialdiagnostischen Uberlegungen des chronischen Leistenschmerzes mit einbezogen werden.
Geophysics: The buoyancy of Earth's deep mantle.

The physical nature of two regions called large low-shear-velocity provinces at the base of Earth's mantle is uncertain. A measurement of their density has implications for our understanding of mantle dynamics. See Article p.321 The interior composition of Earth can be estimated by imaging seismic waves changing speed as they travel through different materials, but some anomalies in the deep mantle remain challenging to explain. Fast wave speed anomalies appear in areas with a history of subduction, indicating relatively cold and dense mantle material driving downward flow. However, slow wave speed anomalies in the form of large domes above the core–mantle boundary remain contentious—in particular their net buoyancy. Harriet Lau and co-authors estimate Earth's deep mantle buoyancy using GPS-based measurements of the daily deformation of Earth in response to the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon. They show that the mean excess density across the bottom two-thirds of these lower-mantle domes is about 0.5 per cent. The authors conclude that these structures are enriched with high-density chemical components, probably originating from subducted oceanic plates or primordial material associated with Earth's formation.
Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation of Injured Peripheral Nerve Tissue Utilizing Implantable Thin-Film Wireless Nerve Stimulators

OBJECTIVEElectrical stimulation of peripheral nerve tissue has been shown to accelerate axonal regeneration. Yet existing methods of applying electrical stimulation to injured peripheral nerves have presented significant barriers to clinical translation. In this study, the authors examined the use of a novel implantable wireless nerve stimulator capable of simultaneously delivering therapeutic electrical stimulation of injured peripheral nerve tissue and providing postoperative serial assessment of functional recovery.METHODSFlexible wireless stimulators were fabricated and implanted into Lewis rats. Thin-film implants were used to deliver brief electrical stimulation (1 hour, 20 Hz) to sciatic nerves after nerve crush or nerve transection-and-repair injuries.RESULTSElectrical stimulation of injured nerves via implanted wireless stimulators significantly improved functional recovery. Brief electrical stimulation was observed to increase the rate of functional recovery after both nerve crush and nerve tran...