cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power and Sample Size for Fixed-Effects Inference in Reversible Linear Mixed Models.

ABSTRACTDespite the popularity of the general linear mixed model for data analysis, power and sample size methods and software are not generally available for commonly used test statistics and refe...
Do denture processing techniques affect the mechanical properties of denture teeth

Abstract Statement of problem Denture tooth fracture may limit the longevity of dental prostheses. Whether the strength of the denture tooth material is affected by the denture processing technique is unclear. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate whether the denture processing technique affects the mechanical properties of denture tooth materials. Material and methods Two denture processing techniques, injection and compression molding, were tested for 3 types of denture teeth: nanohybrid composite (NHC), interpenetrating network (IPN), and microfiller-reinforced polyacrylic (MRP). Denture teeth were processed by using an injection-molded resin or a compression-molded resin. Unprocessed denture teeth served as the control. After teeth were processed, they were sectioned into rectangular beams for 3-point bend testing (n=20 to 24). Elastic moduli were determined from load deflection and maximum stress from maximum bending load. The results were statistically analyzed by using 2-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons (α=.05). Results The processing technique and the type of denture tooth affected both the elastic modulus and the maximum stress. The injection-molded technique resulted in significantly higher (24% to 26%) elastic modulus for NHC and IPN (12% higher in MRP, but not statistically significant) and higher (12% to 17%) maximum stresses for IPN and MRP (3% lower in NHC, but not statistically significant). Compression-molded technique increased the elastic modulus of IPN and NHC by 10% to 17% (3% lower in MRP but not statistically significant), but maximum stresses were not statistically significantly different in any of the tested teeth. Regardless of processing, MRP teeth had the highest elastic modulus (8.0 to 9.2 GPa) but the lowest maximum stresses (97 to 124 MPa), whereas IPN teeth had the lowest elastic modulus (5.5 GPa) but high or highest maximum stress (171 to 192 MPa). Conclusions The injection-molded technique significantly increased the elastic modulus of NHC and IPN teeth and significantly increased the maximum stress of IPN teeth. The compression-molded technique did not significantly affect mechanical properties of denture teeth.
The Role of Mathematical Modeling in Combustion

My original intent had been to spend 15–20 minutes making some general remarks about modeling before proceeding with the session on Ignition and Structure that I was chairing. But the withdrawal at the last minute of one of our speakers, and my perception from remarks made during some of the talks that modeling is often not understood, prompted me to expand the presentation. It was prepared purely for oral presentation and the editors have given me permission to reproduce it here in its original colloquial style.
Evaluation of Sustainability Strategies

Sustainability is a term used to support, endure, and maintain. Sustainable development is that which meets our present needs without compromising the needs of future generations. It represents a multifaceted approach to managing our environmental, economic, and social resources for the long term. The biggest challenge in evaluating sustainability strategies is lack of sufficient understanding and clear vision of the interdependencies of economic, social, and environmental aspects. However, most researchers agree that evaluation of sustainability strategies within plans, legislations, policies, and projects is essential for a sound, all-inclusive, and informed decision-making process. Evaluation of sustainable strategies needs to broaden its scope to incorporate interrelations and interdependencies of the three realms. It should also attempt to look at the synergistic and cumulative impacts of management practices to provide guidelines on a comprehensive level that will assure better clarity, transparency, and accountability in decision making. This chapter introduces the reader to the concept of sustainability and sustainable development. It also presents evaluation of sustainable strategies with a water perspective. Topics include Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Integrated Assessment, Decision-Aiding Techniques for Evaluation of Sustainability Strategies, and Multi-Component Analysis (Weighted Summation, Concordance/Discordance Analysis, Planning Balance Sheet (PBS) and Goals-Achievement Matrix (GAM)).
Contributions of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere in Perceiving Paralinguistic Cues of Emotion

Discoveries in neurology and linguistics indicate that many aspects of human language are determined by specific structural features of the brain, a notion which differs radically from the more prevalent idea of language being an arbitrary, culturally evolved set of symbols and combinatorial rules which during development somehow become represented upon an infinitely malleable nervous system. The present study has attempted to examine whether such neurological specification might extend to other aspects of our social interactions as well, particularly the communication of affect through paralinguistic cues. But before describing the rationale for our own studies, it might be best to mention a little more about spoken language.
Sellar and Parasellar Pain Syndromes

Sellar and parasellar lesions are numerous and varying in terms of their patholphysiology and physical and radiographic characteristics but often incite pain syndromes that are similar in semiology. The goal of this review was to familiarize the reader with a variety of sellar and parasellar lesions grouped together based on common clinical symptomatology, with a focus on important imaging characteristics that are often distinguishing features diagnostically. In most cases, tissue acquisition via surgical resection or stereotactic biopsy are the mainstay for definitive diagnosis of sellar and parasellar lesions. With advances in MRI technology in particular in terms of resolution and the inclusion of new techniques including dynamic imaging with delayed contrast, imaging studies of lesions in the sellar and parasellar regions have become increasingly important for diagnostic purposes, with pituitary adenomas and schwannomas as prime examples. In the case of chordoid gliomas, molecular features of the tumor also help distinguish it from other disease processes similar in presentation, which have dramatic impacts on management. Advances in surgical approaches and radiation techniques offer more precise and targeted therapy to lesions in an area with increased risk of clinical morbidity given the high concentration of critically important structures that must be spared during treatment. Sellar and parasellar lesions have the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality, highlighting the importance of clinical recognition of warning signs/symptoms, obtaining high-quality imaging studies in various modalities for diagnostic purposes, and prompt management which often involves a multimodal approach that includes surgical resection, radiation, and/or medical therapy. Future advanced imaging techniques will only improve presurgical diagnostic accuracy and lead to more prompt and efficient management.
A Novel Model Incorporating Pectoralis Muscle Measures to Predict Mortality after Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Purpose We have previously shown that pectoralis muscle mass and tissue attenuation obtained on preoperative CT scans were powerful predictors of mortality after LVAD implantation using single center data. This analysis confirms those findings in a separate LVAD dataset and presents a novel prediction model developed across centers. Methods Patients with chest CTs performed ≤ 3 months before LVAD implantation at University of Minnesota (n=143) and Houston Methodist Hospital (n=133) were identified from larger cohorts (University of Minnesota n=353, Houston Methodist =278). Unilateral pectoralis muscle mass indexed to body surface area (PMI) and attenuation (approximated by mean Hounsfield units; PHUm) were measured on preoperative chest CT scans. To develop the Pectoralis Muscle Risk Score (PMRS), we implemented a cross-validated model selection using Cox's proportional hazards regression model with censoring at transplantation. The final model included PHUm, sex, albumin, year of implant, body mass index, bridge to transplant, INTERMACS profile, and presence or absence of contrast. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for 30, 90, and 365 day survival were generated for the model and compared to the HeartMate II Risk Score (HMRS). Results The Pectoralis Risk Score outperformed HMRS at each of the pre-specified time-points. The AUC for PMRS for predicting survival at 30, 90, and 365 days was 78%, 76%, and 76%, respectively. The HMRS had AUC of 63%, 67%, and 63% (Figure). Conclusion The Pectoralis Muscle Risk Score had favorable discrimination in this multicenter dataset. These skeletal muscle measures, which are associated with heart failure stage and frailty, appear to add important information to pre-operative risk assessment.
Conclusion and Future Directions

The methods presented in this book provide a novel set of tools and opens real possibilities for content-based image retrieval systems. Tools are provided for image retrieval, visualization of query results, and navigation in the space of images.
Social-ecological model of sleep health

Abstract Sleep exists at the interface of upstream social, biological, environmental, and behavioral influences and downstream consequences that cut across many areas of physical and mental health, as well as longevity/mortality. Conceptualizing this interface may be helpful in understanding the important role of sleep in health and society, and it may also be helpful in conceptualizing intervention strategies for sleep health. This chapter presents and describes the Social-Ecological Model of Sleep Health, which was originally developed in 2010 and has since been updated and refined. The chapter builds a version of the model conceptually, resulting in a fully-articulated description of how sleep impacts health, and how sleep is impacted by a system of nested constructs at the individual, social, and societal levels. Individual-level factors may directly influence sleep, but these are embedded in the context of social factors, and these also exist embedded within the context of societal factors.
More hots: Quantifying upward trends in the number of extremely hot days and nights in Tallahassee, Florida, USA: 1892–2018

The U.S. National Weather Service Office (WSO) Tallahassee official record shows an upward trend in the number of hot days at a rate of 2.1% per year and a more pronounced upward trend in the number of hot nights at a rate of 4.5% per year. Increasingly frequent hot days and nights result from more and longer hot events (consecutive hot days/nights).
Detection of target spot and bacterial spot diseases in tomato using UAV-based and benchtop-based hyperspectral imaging techniques

Early and accurate diagnosis is a critical first step in mitigating losses caused by plant diseases. An incorrect diagnosis can lead to improper management decisions, such as selection of the wrong chemical application that could potentially result in further reduced crop health and yield. In tomato, initial disease symptoms may be similar even if caused by different pathogens, for example early lesions of target spot (TS) caused by the fungus Corynespora cassicola and bacterial spot (BS) caused by Xanthomonas perforans. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (380–1020 nm) was utilized in laboratory and field (collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV) settings to detect both diseases. Tomato leaves were classified into four categories: healthy, asymptomatic, early and late disease development stages. Thirty-five spectral vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated to select an optimum set of indices for disease detection and identification. Two classification methods were utilized: (i) multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), and (ii) stepwise discriminant analysis (STDA). Best wavebands selection was considered in blue (408–420 nm), red (630–650 nm) and red edge (730–750 nm). The most significant VIs that could distinguish between healthy leaves and diseased leaves were the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) for both diseases, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI850) for BS in all stages, and the triangular vegetation index (TVI), NDVI850 and chlorophyll index green (Chl green) for TS asymptomatic, TS early and TS late disease stage respectively. The MLP classification method had an accuracy of 99%, for both BS and TS, under field (UAV-based) and laboratory conditions.
Dopamine agonists in treatment of Parkinson's disease: an overview

Abstract Dopamine agonists comprise a major class of therapeutics used for treating Parkinson's disease. They are commonly employed as monotherapy mainly in the early stage of Parkinson's disease to delay levodopa-induced motor complications or combined with levodopa in advanced Parkinson's disease. In general, dopamine agonists can be divided into ergot derivatives and non-ergot derivatives based on their molecular structures. Despite the comparable antiparkinsonian effects, they exhibit different safety profiles: fibrotic disorders have frequently been associated with ergot-derived compounds. During the past decade or so, a great advancement has been made in the development of novel formulations of known antiparkinsonian dopamine agonists with a concentration on non-oral therapies aiming for continuous drug delivery. Several novel molecules have also been developed and studied in preclinical and clinical trials, and many more are currently under development.
Double-layer magnetized/functionalized biochar composite: Role of microporous structure for heavy metal removals

Abstract Magnetization facilitates the separation and reuse of adsorbents, but significantly reduces the adsorption capacity. In this study, a double layer magnetized/functionalized biochar composite was synthesized through a hybrid post-pyrolysis magnetization which sustained and even significantly increased the adsorption capacity of microporous carbonaceous biochar (BC). The developed process included i) structural modification of biochar under ultrasound waves, ii) magnetization with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, and iii) functionalization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (TES). Ultrasound irradiation exfoliates and breaks apart the irregular graphite layers of biochar, and creates new, or opens blocked, micropores, thus enhancing the BC’s porosity. For its part, TES stabilizes the magnetic nanoparticles on the biochar surface, while it participates in water decontamination through the strong chelation ability of its amino groups toward metal ions. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the stable and uniform distribution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of microporous biochar, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated effective surface functionalization. In addition, although magnetization usually reduces the porosity of carbonaceous adsorbents, the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic analysis showed that double layer magnetic biochar composite exhibited a much greater ability to remove Ni(II) and Pb(II), with 139 % and 38 % higher adsorptions than raw biochar. Almost complete removal of Pb (91 %) was observed by magnetic-BC and the adsorbent could easily be separated using a neodymium magnet. This high performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of ultrasound activation on increasing the porosity and surface area of biochar along with enhanced chelation imparted by amine functionalization. The developed technique can be used for synthesizing advanced adsorbents for removal of nuclear waste-related metal ions from aqueous environments.
“We’re Near Each Other Only If We Stay Far from Each Other”: Teaching Psychoanalytic Desire in The Age of Innocence

This chapter provides justifications and pedagogical strategies for using Wharton’s novel to teach psychoanalytic desire to undergraduate English majors. The chapter includes in-class teaching techniques, supplementary materials, and theoretical explanations for four concepts about the relationship between Newland Archer and Ellen Olenska that correlate with important psychoanalytic beliefs: social codification, desire’s production, illusory love, and ethical sacrifice. Using the lens of psychoanalysis, the chapter highlights the way in which the form and content of The Age of Innocence work together to reproduce unsatisfied desire in the featured relationship rather than its physical expression and ultimate extinction. Through this teaching sequence on psychoanalytic desire, students gain insight into desire and its application to literature that they may engage in future coursework as well as their own lives.
Escape Protein Supplementation of Yearling Steers Grazing Smooth Brome Pastures

Two grazing trials utilizing individually supplemented yearling steers were conducted to study the effect of supplemental escape protein on steer performance during the active growth periods, spring and fall, of smooth brome (Bromus inermis). Graded levels (0, .11, .23 and .34 kg.head-1.d-1) of an equal-protein-basis mixture of bloodmeal and corn gluten meal were offered daily, replacing corn starch, which was used as the negative control. All steers received 582 g supplemental dry matter per day. Supplementation with escape protein improved daily performance in both spring (P less than .01) and fall (P less than .02). Analysis of pooled data from both trials indicated a linear (P less than .01) and quadratic (P less than .05) increase in steer performance with increasing level of escape protein in the diet. Analysis of grass samples collected throughout and composited over each trial demonstrated that grass protein was highly degraded in the rumen. Using a modified dacron bag technique, 12-h degradability was found to be 80 to 90% of the potentially digestible protein fraction. Rates of protein degradability were 14 and 11.7%/h. Assuming 5%/h rate of passage, escape protein was calculated to be 9.2 and 13.1% of total protein. As a result of the significant growth response observed above that of the energy-supplemented controls and the high ruminal protein degradabilities of the grass observed in the laboratory, it was concluded that growing ruminants grazing actively growing smooth brome pastures were deficient in metabolizable protein.
Assessing Writing: Illustrative tests of writing

Introduction In Chapters 5 and 6, issues in developing writing tasks and scoring procedures for large-scale assessment were discussed. This chapter presents examples from several tests of second-language writing as a way of illustrating how test developers have dealt with some of the issues raised in the previous two chapters for specific groups of test takers. These issues include: defining the writing construct for the purpose of the test; designing writing tasks from specific TLU domains so that they are likely to be authentic for prospective examinees; developing scoring criteria that reflect the most important aspects of writing for those test takers; and balancing the various aspects of test usefulness for a particular situation. Five tests will be discussed in this chapter. Three of them are well-known language tests that include writing as a distinct component of the test: these are the TOEFL, the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), and the UCLES First Certificate in English (FCE). Scores on these tests are internationally recognized for such purposes as university admissions or certification of language proficiency for employment. The other two tests that will be discussed are tests of quite a different nature. The Basic English Skills Test (BEST), developed by the Center for Applied Linguistics in Washington, D.C., is a test intended for adult immigrant learners of English who are not necessarily literate in their first language and who need basic functional English skills for everyday life.
Laboratory Project in Semi-Active Vibration Control

A laboratory project experiment is described which forms part of a course on microprocessors in electromechanical systems. This course teaches the fundamentals of microprocessor architectures, instruction sets, and interfacing with peripherals. A large portion of the laboratory is devoted to real-time measurement and control of physical processes. The semi-active vibration control project described here teaches students the concept of modifying a system parameter under computer control in order to minimize vibration transmission through the system. It also gives the students an appreciation for working with real systems, including the need for calibration and modeling.
Reaction of potato clones and accessions of Solanum spp. to Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and its toxin

The reaction of 40 potato clones and six accessions ofSolanum spp. to wilt caused byVerticillium dahliae and to the acetone precipitate (AP) of the toxin produced by the pathogen in vitro was studied. There was a highly significant correlation between the wilt reaction of the clones in the glasshouse, the incidence and progress of wilt and severe wilt in the field, and the degree of colonization of stem apices byV. dahliae. Of the clones and accessions evaluated, NDA8694-3, Norgold Russet, BelRus, Superior, Russet Norkotah, Norland andS. demissum were the most susceptible, while A66107-51, A68113-4, Targhee, NDA843-3, Alpha, A7805-8, A7816-14, Russet Nugget,S. chacoense, S. sparsipilum, andS. tarijense were the most resistant to wilt. The reaction of genotypes to the AP ofV. dahliae toxin in an excised leaf bioassay was not correlated with their reaction to Verticillium wilt in the field or glasshouse.
Social supergenes of superorganisms: Do supergenes play important roles in social evolution?

We suggest that supergenes, groups of co-inherited loci, may be involved in a range of intriguing genetic and evolutionary phenomena in insect societies, and may play broad roles in the evolution of cooperation and conflict. Supergenes are central in the evolution of an array of traits including self-incompatibility, mimicry, and sex chromosomes. Recently, researchers identified a large supergene, described as a social chromosome, which controls social organization in the fire ant. This system was previously considered to be a remarkable example of a single gene affecting a complex social trait. We describe how selection may commonly favor reduced recombination and the formation of supergenes for social traits, and once formed, supergenes may strongly influence further evolutionary dynamics within and between lineages. The evolution of supergenes, and even wholly non-recombining genomes, may be particularly common in systems in which genetically distinct lineages can form mutually reinforcing socially parasitic relationships.
Lipoxins: nature's way to resolve inflammation

An effective host defense mechanism involves inflammation to eliminate pathogens from the site of infection, followed by the resolution of inflammation and the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Lipoxins are endogenous anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving molecules that play a vital role in reducing excessive tissue injury and chronic inflammation. In this review, the mechanisms of action of lipoxins at the site of inflammation and their interaction with other cellular signaling molecules and transcription factors are discussed. Emphasis has also been placed on immune modulatory role(s) of lipoxins. Lipoxins regulate components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems including neutrophils, macrophages, T-, and B-cells. Lipoxins also modulate levels of various transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB, activator protein-1, nerve growth factor-regulated factor 1A binding protein 1, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and control the expression of many inflammatory genes. Since lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins have clinical relevance, we discuss their important role in clinical research to treat a wide range of diseases like inflammatory disorders, renal fibrosis, cerebral ischemia, and cancer. A brief overview of lipoxins in viral malignancies and viral pathogenesis especially the unexplored role of lipoxins in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus biology is also presented.
Feeding the Body and Nourishing the Soul

AbstractThis article explores the phenomenon of natural foods in post-Soviet Russia. Although Russian natural foods discourses and practices resonate with Western organics, Slow Foods Movements, and Food Democracy movements regarding health, safety, and small-scale agricultural production, they depart significantly in their attention to nature as the source of uniquely Russian qualities of sociability and spirituality. By drawing attention to both the actual and symbolic landscapes from which natural foods are taken, Russians invoke a model of geographic nationalism. Consequently, discourses about natural foods become reference points for discussions about the physical, social, and spiritual health of Russian society and its citizens.
Modifications of blood volume alter the disposition of markers of blood volume, extracellular fluid, and total body water.

Recirculatory pharmacokinetic models for indocyanine green (ICG), inulin, and antipyrine describe intravascular mixing and tissue distribution after i.v. administration. These models characterized physiologic marker disposition in four awake, splenectomized dogs while they were normovolemic, volume loaded (15% of estimated blood volume added as a starch solution), and mildly and moderately hypovolemic (15 and 30% of estimated blood volume removed). ICG-determined blood volumes increased 20% during volume loading and decreased 9 and 22% during mild and moderate hypovolemia. Dye (ICG) dilution cardiac output (CO) increased 31% during volume loading and decreased 27 and 38% during mild and moderate hypovolemia. ICG-defined central and fast peripheral intravascular circuits accommodated blood volume alterations and the fast peripheral circuit accommodated blood flow changes. Inulin-defined extracellular fluid volume contracted 14 and 21% during hypovolemia. Early inulin disposition changes reflected those of ICG. The ICG and inulin elimination clearances were unaffected by altered blood volume. Neither antipyrine-defined total body water volume nor antipyrine elimination clearance changed with altered blood volume. The fraction of CO not involved in drug distribution had a significant effect on the area under the antipyrine concentration-versus-time relationships (AUC) in the first minutes after drug administration. Hypovolemia increased the fraction of CO represented by nondistributive blood flow and increased the antipyrine AUC up to 60% because nondistributive blood flow did not change, despite decreased CO. Volume loading resulted in a smaller (less than 20%) antipyrine AUC decrease despite increased fast tissue distributive flow because nondistributive flow also increased with increased CO.
Electroantennogram Responses and Field Trapping of Asian Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) with Blattellaquinone, Sex Pheromone of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).

The Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, first introduced to Florida in 1986, has been spreading throughout the southeastern United States. Populations can reach extremely high densities and cause damage to crops as well as become a nuisance in residential settings. Because the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., is its closest extant relative, we characterized the B. asahinai male response to blattellaquinone, the sex pheromone of the German cockroach, in an effort to develop monitoring tools for B. asahinai. Electroantennogram (EAG) analysis was conducted on B. asahinai and B. germanica males and females, and revealed that the antennae of males of both species responded significantly more to blattellaquinone than females, and in both males and females absolute EAG responses of B. asahinai were greater than in B. germanica males and females, respectively. However, normalized male EAG response curves and ED50 values (effective dose to elicit 50% of maximal response) did not differ significantly between the two species. Results of field trapping experiments demonstrated that male B. asahinai were more attracted to blattellaquinone than any other life stage, and 10 μg of blattellaquinone attracted the most males. These results suggest that blattellaquinone or a similar compound might be a component of the sex pheromone of B. asahinai females.
Ingestive behavior and growth when chicks from lines differing in feed consumption are reared separately or intermingled

Abstract Ingestive behavior, livability, and body weight were measured in lines of chickens selected for high (HW) and low (LW) juvenile body weight, reared in cages and floor pens as line-separate (S) and line-intermingled (I) flocks. There were three trials. Percentages of chicks eating and drinking were similar or greater in I than S flocks. There were no trial by I-S interactions for these behaviors at 3, 14, and 28 days of age. On Day 7, however, these interactions were significant and possible causes for them are presented. Line HW chicks reared in cages were heavier in I than S flocks, whereas, no influence on body weight was evident under floor rearing for HW or for LW chicks. Mortality for HW chicks was very low. Anorexia has been reported in the LW line and death from starvation was greater in that line for S than I flocks in cages. This difference in mortality was not observed in floor pens. The results of this research suggest that ingestive behavior, livability, and growth may be influenced by intermingling chicks from genetic lines that differ in eating behaviors. The degree of influence, however, is not independent of age, housing environments, and genetic stock.
Resultados iniciales con bioglue en la prevención de fístulas urinarias en cirugía renal conservadora laparoscópica

Resumen Introduccion La aparicion de una fistula urinaria constituye una complicacion de la cirugia renal conservadora de parenquima (CRCP), sobre todo en tumores de localizacion central o hiliar y en aquellos mayores de 4 cm de diametro. Presentamos nuestra experiencia inicial en su prevencion utilizando BioGlue tras la realizacion de CRCP laparoscopica en las que se produce apertura de la via urinaria. Pacientes y metodos Entre septiembre de 2005 y febrero de 2006 se han realizado 5 CRC laparoscopicas en las que ha sido necesario proceder a la apertura de la via urinaria. En todos los casos se realizo cateterismo ureteral previo. Mediante abordaje laparoscopico transperitoneal se realizo clampaje arterial selectivo, tumorectomia o heminefrectomia, sutura de la via urinaria comprobando estanqueidad, aproximacion de los bordes de la incision renal y recubrimiento de la misma con adhesivo tisular compuesto por glutaraldehido y albumina (BioGlue). El seguimiento medio fue de 8,2 meses (rango 6-12 meses). Resultados La duracion media de la cirugia fue de 138 minutos (rango 105-180), con un tiempo medio de isquemia de 45 minutos (rango 35-60). El cateter ureteral se retiro en todos los casos entre las 24 y 48 horas postoperatorias. La estancia media fue de 3,8 dias (rango 3-5). Como complicaciones se produjo un defecto del clampaje arterial por el torniquete de Rummel que requirio transfusion intraoperatoria y una fistula arterio-calicial al decimo dia postoperatorio que requirio reingreso y embolizacion selectiva. No se produjeron fistulas urinarias ni urinomas. En la TAC al mes de la cirugia se aprecio en un caso una fistula urinaria contenida por el Bio-glue. Dicha fistula habia desaparecido en el control a los 3 meses de la cirugia. Conclusiones En la CRCP laparoscopica de masas que interesen la via renal, la realizacion de un cateterismo ureteral previo, la sutura de la via por separado junto con la aplicacion de BioGlue permite reducir la posibilidad de una fistula urinaria.
The Royal Society's First Rejection of the Kinetic Theory of Gases (1821), John Herapath versus Humphry Davy

On 24 May 1820 a manuscript entitled ‘A Mathematical Inquiry into the Causes, Laws and Principal Phenomena of Heat, Gases, Gravitation, etc.’ was submitted to Davies Gilbert for publication in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . The author was John Herapath (1790-1868), and his article included a comprehensive (if somewhat faulty) exposition of the kinetic theory of gases. Sir Humphry Davy, who assumed the Presidency of the Royal Society on 30 November 1820, became primarily responsible for the fate of the article and wrote several letters to Herapath concerning it. After it became clear that there was considerable opposition to its publication by the Royal Society, Herapath withdrew the article and sent it instead to the Annals of Philosophy , where it appeared in 1821 (1). Herapath’s theory received little notice from scientists until thirty-five years later, when the kinetic theory was revived by Joule, Kronig, Clausius, and Maxwell. The incident is significant in the history of physical science because it illustrates an important distinction between the two doctrines concerning the nature of heat—the kinetic and the vibration theories—a distinction which is often forgotten because of the apparent similarity of both doctrines as contrasted with the caloric theory. It also throws some light on the character of early nineteenth century British science, both in and out of the Royal Society.
A cup product pairing and time-duality for discrete dynamical systems

Abstract With each isolating block for a homeomorphism of an orientable manifold we associate a cup product pairing. Up to an isomorphism, this is a pairing of the discrete Conley indices of the homeomorphism and its inverse on the isolating block. We show that this pairing is nondegenerate. As a corollary we prove a time duality result for the discrete Conley index.
The Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled: William Bradley Coley, Third Surgeon-in-Chief 1925–1933:

In January 1925, the Board of Managers of the New York Society for the Relief of the Ruptured and Crippled appointed William Bradley Coley, M.D., age 63, Surgeon-in-Chief of the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled (R & C) to succeed Virgil P. Gibney who submitted his resignation the month before. It would be the first time a general surgeon held that position at the oldest orthopedic hospital in the nation, now known as Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). Coley had been on staff for 36 years and was world famous for introducing use of toxins to treat malignant tumors, particularly sarcomas. A graduate of Yale College and Harvard Medical College, Coley interned at New York Hospital and was appointed, soon after, to the staff of the New York Cancer Hospital (now Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) located at that time at 106th Street on the West Side of New York. With his mentor Dr. William Bull, Coley perfected the surgical treatment of hernias at R & C. He was instrumental in raising funds for his alma maters, Yale, Harvard and Memorial Hospital. His crusade in immunology as a method of treatment for malignant tumors later fell out of acceptance in the medical establishment. After his death in 1936, an attempt to revive interest in use of immunotherapy for inoperable malignancies was carried out by his daughter, Helen Coley Nauts, who pursued this objective until her death at age 93 in 2000. Coley’s health deteriorated in his later years, and in 1933, he resigned as chief of Bone Tumors at Memorial Hospital and Surgeon-in-Chief at R & C, being succeeded at Ruptured and Crippled as Surgeon-in-Chief by Dr. Eugene H. Pool. William Bradley Coley died of intestinal infarction in 1936 and was buried in Sharon, Connecticut.
Long‐term facilitation of inspiratory intercostal nerve activity following carotid sinus nerve stimulation in cats.

1. Repeated carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation evokes a serotonin-dependent long-term facilitation (LTF) of phrenic nerve activity in cats. To determine whether CSN stimulation-evoked LTF is a general property of spinal inspiratory motoneurones, phrenic and inspiratory internal intercostal (IIC) nerve activities were recorded in nine cats (eight anaesthetized; one decerebrate), which were vagotomized, paralysed, thoracotomized and ventilated with O2; airway CO2 was controlled by means of of a servo-respirator. Baseline conditions were established by setting the arterial CO2 pressure (Pa,CO2) at approximately 2 mmHg above the threshold for IIC activity. One CSN was stimulated (3 times threshold, 25 Hz, 0.5 ms duration) with five (2 min) trains, each separated by 5 min. 2. The peak integrated phrenic activity was elevated by 33% whereas IIC activity was elevated by 226% above baseline, 90 min post-stimulation (P < 0.05). The results were similar when expressed as a percentage of the maximal neural activities (elicited by combined hypercapnia and CSN stimulation), although differences between the nerves were less pronounced. The burst frequency was not change following stimulation. 3. In five additional cats that were pretreated with the serotonin receptor antagonist, methysergide maleate (0.5-1 mg kg-1, I.V.), the CO2 thresholds of the phrenic (12 mmHg) and IIC nerves (22 mmHg) were increased (P < 0.05), and LTF could not be elicited in either neurogram. 4. Successive CSN stimulation episodes evoked a previously undescribed phenomenon. Although the peak integrated phrenic activity was unchanged (90-95% of maximal), IIC activity increased progressively during successive stimulus episodes (66-90% of maximal; P < 0.05). However, after methysergide treatment, the initial stimulus-evoked phrenic response decreased to 58% of maximal and both neurograms exhibited progressive augmentation of the stimulus-evoked response. As stimulus-evoked augmentation does not require serotonin, it is independent of LTF. 5. We conclude that CSN stimulation-evoked LTF of IIC activity exceeds that of phrenic activity. Since LTF requires the neuromodulator serotonin and is expressed predominantly by changes in burst pattern formation versus rhythm generation, serotonin may exert a greater influence on IIC relative to phrenic respiratory motor output. A unique mechanism is described whereby successive CSN stimulus episodes cause progressively increasing responses in both neurograms.
A geographic approach to facilitating local climate governance: From emissions inventories to mitigation planning

It is increasingly recognized that municipal and regional scale governments play a vital role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. While universities possess many resources that can facilitate such mitigation efforts, their potential contribution has been underexplored in academic literature. This article presents methods and results from a local-scale emissions inventory and mitigation planning process carried out in Pennsylvania’s Centre Region by Penn State researchers. The inventory used innovative methods to estimate vehicle emissions and generate alternative local emissions scenarios. The mitigation planning process drew upon local knowledge of residents – who were informed by the emissions inventory – to generate and prioritize mitigation options they viewed as appropriate for the region. The publicly vetted options were presented to the regional government as a planning tool. Rather than create a single greenhouse gas mitigation plan for the region, the governing body decided each municipality should create its own energy-efficiency action plan based on its particular abilities and needs. This case study shows that politicians ultimately determine local climate change policy, but universities can play a valuable role in facilitating the process that leads to that policy.
An exact mathematical solution for entrance-region laminar heat transfer with axial conduction

A relatively simple mathematical scheme is proposed by which the entrance-region temperature solution for laminar flow heat transfer with axial conduction can be rigorously obtained.
A PAX3 polymorphism (T315K) in a family exhibiting Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2 (WS2)

Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder phenotypically characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary disturbances. Presence of dystopia canthorum is indicative of WS type 1 and results from defects in the PAX3 gene, whereas normally located medial canthi is characteristic of type 2 WS (WS2) and is associated with defects in the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MIFT) gene. Here a neutral polymorphism is reported in the PAX3 gene (T315K) in a family with WS2.
Differential double-excitation cross sections in 50–150-keV proton-helium collisions

We have measured projectile-energy-loss spectra for 50-, 100-, and 150-keV [ital p]+He collisions. From the data we obtained differential double-excitation cross sections as a function of projectile scattering angle. At 150 keV a pronounced peak structure was observed at about 0.7 mrad for double excitation to the (2[ital p][sup 2]) [sup 1][ital D] and (2[ital s]2[ital p]) [sup 1][ital P] states. Our data provide indications for the dominance of a first-order mechanism involving the electron-electron interaction in double excitation for 150 keV at small scattering angles. At lower projectile energies and larger scattering angles a second-order mechanism appears to be of the same order of magnitude as the first-order mechanism. In these regimes, interference effects between the first- and second-order mechanisms could be important.
WE‐C‐ValA‐06: Characterizing and Modeling Patient Respiratory Patterns for Radiation Therapy

Purpose:Lungtumor breathing motion is a function of both the breathing depth (tidal volume) and breathing rate (airflow). Treatment planning for lungtumors will require a patient‐specific tumor motion model. An understanding of the patient's typical breathing cycle will be critical to accurate treatment planning predictions for linear‐accelerator gating or tracking. This work examines patient‐breathing characteristics to determine the patterns and stability of the breathing cycle. Method and Materials: A total of 34 patients (with and without lungcancer) were scanned with a previously described 4DCT protocol under synchronized tidal breathing monitoring. We examined the scatter plot of air flow against tidal volume for the entire scan session. A 2D histogram was then generated by calculating the frequency of data points falling into each tidal volume‐airflow window. The 2D histogram depicted the probability that the patient breathed at certain tidal volume and air flow window. We evaluated the breathing consistency of the three patients with multiple scans. Results: There was no significant differences in the breathing period (P=0.11) or in the peak‐to‐peak amplitude (P=0.22) between patients with lungcancers and patients with upper‐abdomen cancers. The 2D histogram revealed two different breathing patterns: patients who spent more time breathing at the end of exhalation (20 patients), exhibiting a characteristic volume‐flow curve, and patients who spent the majority of time inhaling and exhaling (14 patients). The latter patients did not spend any appreciable amount of time between successive breaths. For the three patients with two sessions, the mean frequency difference between corresponding tidal volume‐airflow windows was <0.3%. Conclusion: We characterized patient breathing by examining the tidal volume‐airflow plot and histogram. The results showed two different breathing patterns suggesting that not all patients are appropriate for gated radiotherapy. All three patients showed high consistency in two scan sessions. Supported by NIH R01CA96679.
Openflow random host mutation: transparent moving target defense using software defined networking

Static configurations serve great advantage for adversaries in discovering network targets and launching attacks. Identifying active IP addresses in a target domain is a precursory step for many attacks. Frequently changing hosts' IP addresses is a novel proactive moving target defense (MTD) that hides network assets from external/internal scanners. In this paper, we use OpenFlow to develop a MTD architecture that transparently mutates host IP addresses with high unpredictability and rate, while maintaining configuration integrity and minimizing operation overhead. The presented technique is called OpenFlow Random Host Mutation (OF-RHM) in which the OpenFlow controller frequently assigns each host a random virtual IP that is translated to/from the real IP of the host. The real IP remains untouched, so IP mutation is completely transparent for end-hosts. Named hosts are reachable via the virtual IP addresses acquired via DNS, but real IP addresses can be only reached by authorized entities. Our implementation and evaluation show that OF-RHM can effectively defend against stealthy scanning, worm propagation, and other scanning-based attack.
Process, representation and architectural agency in an age of complexity and change

Representation seems a simple and straightforward proposition: however, its simplicity is deceptive. When the logic of ‘X represents Y’ is questioned, the ambiguity between the artwork and what lie...
Verification of accurate technical insight: a prerequisite for self-directed surgical training

Simulation-based surgical skills training during preclinical education is a persistent challenge due to time constraints of trainees and instructors alike. Self-directed practice is resource-efficient and flexible; however, insight into technical proficiency among trainees is often lacking. The purpose of this study is to prospectively assess the accuracy of self-assessments among medical students learning basic surgical suturing. Over seven weekly practice sessions, preclinical medical students performed serial repetitions of a simulation-based suturing task under one-on-one observation by one of four trainers. Following each task repetition, self- and trainer-assessments (SA–TA) were performed using a 36-point weighted checklist of technical standards developed a priori by expert consensus. Upon study completion, agreement between SA and TA was measured using weighted Cohen’s kappa coefficients. Twenty-nine medical students each performed a median of 25 suture task repetitions (IQR 21.5–28). Self-assessments tended to overestimate proficiency during the first tertile of practice attempts. Agreement between SA and TA improved with experience, such that the weighted kappa statistics for the two-handed and instrument ties were >0.81 after 18–21 task attempts. Inexperienced trainees frequently overestimate technical proficiency through self-assessments. However, this bias diminishes with repetitive practice. Only after trainees have attained the capacity to accurately self-assess can effective self-directed learning take place.
Ethnic differences in the psychosocial antecedents of needle/syringe disinfection

This study examined psychosocial antecedents of needle/syringe disinfection by 209 injection drug users in three ethnic groups. Among Whites, high perceived self-efficacy for risk reduction had a positive effect on subsequent disinfection attempts. Among African Americans and Mexican Americans, peer norms favorable to risk reduction had a positive effect on subsequent disinfection attempts, while self-efficacy had no effect. These results suggest that risk-reduction capabilities may be rooted in individualistic perceptions of the self among White drug users, while 'collective self' perceptions are more relevant to these capabilities among African American and Mexican American drug users. HIV risk intervention may have more impact in specific ethnic groups if these distinctions are taken into account. Results also demonstrate the importance of comparing models of behavior change across ethnic groups.