cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Materialized community ground models for large-scale earthquake simulation

Large-scale earthquake simulation requires source datasets which describe the highly heterogeneous physical characteristics of the earth in the region under simulation. Physical characteristic datasets are the first stage in a simulation pipeline which includes mesh generation, partitioning, solving, and visualization. In practice, the data is produced in an ad-hoc fashion for each set of experiments, which has several significant shortcomings including lower performance, decreased repeatability and comparability, and a longer time to science, an increasingly important metric. As a solution to these problems, we propose a new approach for providing scientific data to ground motion simulations, in which ground model datasets are fully materialized into octress stored on disk, which can be more efficiently queried (by up to two orders of magnitude) than the underlying community velocity model programs. While octrees have long been used to store spatial datasets, they have not yet been used at the scale we propose. We further propose that these datasets can be provided as a service, either over the Internet or, more likely, in a data center or supercomputing center in which the simulations take place. Since constructing these octrees is itself a challenge, we present three data-parallel techniques for efficiently building them, which can significantly decrease the build time from days or weeks to hours using commodity clusters. This approach typifies a broader shift toward science as a service techniques in which scientific computation and storage services become more tightly intertwined.
Current Concepts Review - Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment*

Suprascapular nerve injuries have become increasingly recognized as a cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Since Kopell and Thompson55 first described these injuries in 1959, more than 100 articles addressing this topic have been written, mostly in the last decade. The purpose of this Current Concepts Review is to critically review the rapidly enlarging body of literature on this subject. The suprascapular nerve is a mixed motor and sensory peripheral nerve arising from the superior trunk (fifth and sixth cervical nerves) of the brachial plexus with a variable contribution from the fourth cervical nerve root (Figs. 1-A and 1-B). A contribution from the fourth cervical nerve root was identified by Lee et al.61 in 22 percent of 152 brachial plexus dissections and was identified by Ajmani3 in five of thirty-four cadavera. The suprascapular nerve supplies motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and sends sensory branches to the coracohumeral and coracoacromial ligaments, subacromial bursa, and acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints. While most anatomical studies have not identified any cutaneous innervation, Ajmani found a cutaneous branch of the suprascapular nerve supplying the proximal-lateral one-third of the arm in five of thirty-four adult cadavera, all of which were studied bilaterally. Horiguchi47 reported on an additional five cadavera in which a cutaneous branch of the suprascapular nerve was identified. FIG1-A: Figs. 1-A and 1-B: Drawings of the anterior (Fig. 1-A) and posterior (Fig. 1-B) aspects of the right shoulder, illustrating the suprascapular nerve (arrow). Fig. 1-A: The trapezius and part of the pectoralis major muscle have been removed. The suprascapular nerve is shown originating from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus. FIG1-B: Fig. 1-B The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles have been partially removed. The suprascapular artery and vein are passing over the superior transverse scapular ligament, and the suprascapular nerve …
Molecular phylogenetics of Trypanosomatidae: contrasting results from 18S rRNA and protein phylogenies

Phylogenetic analyses of the family Trypanosomatidae have been conducted using both 18S rRNA gene sequences and a variety of protein sequences. Using a variety of phylogenetic methods, 18S rRNA phylogenies indicate that the genus Trypanosoma is not monophyletic. Rather, they suggest that the American and African trypanosomes constitute distinct clades. By contrast, phylogenetic analyses of available sequences in 42 protein families gene generally supported monophyly of the genus Trypanosoma. One possible explanation for these conflicting results is poor taxon sampling in the case of protein coding genes, most of which have been sequenced for only a few species of Trypanosomatidae.
Stress in Metal Foils During Processing and Thermal Cycling.

The vibrational technique for stress measurement in films has been used to study silver foils, silver-based conductor pastes, and aluminum foil. During cooling, a tensile stress develops in the films due to thermal expansion mismatch with the substrate. Because the stress is limited by the yield stress, these experiments furnish data for the yield stress of the materials over a wide range of temperature at fixed state. Experiments with silver specimens pre-annealed to different grain sizes show that the yield stress follows the Hall-Petch relationship. The full vibrational analysis is used to extract the stiffness of the foils.
Computer-assisted recording of live and videotaped horse behavior: reliability studies

McDonnell, SM., and Diehl, N.K., 1990, Computer-assisted recording of live and videotaped horse behavior: reliability studies, Appl. Anim, Behav. Sci., 27: l-7, Reliability of microcomputer event*tecorder and video recording techniques for study of equine behavior was evaluated by Pearson correlation and percentage agreement procedures. Consistently high intra- and inter-observer correlations (most >0.85), as well as acceptable percentage agreement (60-l 00*/6) on specific events, indicate that these techniques were reliable. Data recorded live or from video tape yielded similar results, These methods are easily applied to taboratory or field studies of equids.
How Are They Really Doing? Observation of Inclusionary Classroom Participation for Children With Mild-to-Moderate Deafness

Direct observation was utilized to study how 5 children with mild-to-moderate deafness participated within inclusive classroom settings. Responses to practice and prompt opportunities, levels of prompting required to follow classroom directions, and engagement were analyzed across students with mild-to-moderate deafness and were compared to students with normal hearing. Similar responses to practice and prompt opportunities were observed across students, and engagement data indicated that 4 children with mild-to-moderate deafness had similar rates to their peers. However, children with mild-to-moderate deafness required higher levels of prompting and were less accurate at following classwide verbal prompts. Agreement data on variables ranged between 83% and 99%, with the exception of 2 prompting levels. Social validity judgments indicated that the information was useful and important. Potential uses for data include consultation with teachers regarding interventions to increase student engagement and research regarding inclusionary practices.
HIV/AIDS in Pakistan: the context and magnitude of an emerging threat.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this review were to: (1) assess the nature and comprehensiveness of information regarding HIV/AIDS in Pakistan; (2) to evaluate the extent of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan by epidemiological estimates; (3) to indicate the implications of the results for health policy in Pakistan and other regions at a similar stage in the epidemic. DESIGN: A structured review of published, unpublished, and government literature was undertaken to collate all available information and present a descriptive epidemiological profile of HIV/AIDS in the country. SETTING: Pakistan, a developing country in the South Asian region. National and regional information and analysis are presented in so far as the data allowed. Sample sizes varied from 1.35 million people screened at the national level to smaller studies of fewer than 100 screened. RESULTS: Data pertaining to HIV/AIDS in Pakistan showed the best national estimates of HIV prevalence as 64 per 100,000 (0.064%). Within patients with sexually transmitted diseases the seroprevalence was as high as 6100 per 100,000 (6.1%); in men with extramarital contacts, 5400 per 100,000 (5.4%) and was as low as zero in some studied populations as well. The average age of onset was reported as 30 years. It is estimated that if all incident cases of AIDS were to die, there would be at least 5000 deaths annually attributable to HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION: Coupled with the extremely low awareness of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan, as well as growing number of cases, the AIDS epidemic is poised to take a hold in Pakistan. The presence of additional risk factors such as unscreened blood, and low condom use rates make the situation fertile for AIDS to become a major public health issue. Pakistan's health policy must be proactive in tackling this emerging health threat.
Ischemic mitral regurgitation and ventricular remodeling.

Over the past several decades, we have learned much about the pathophysiology and therapy for primary mitral regurgitation (MR). The term “primary” is used to indicate that it is an abnormality in the structure of the valve itself that has led to regurgitation. If severe and prolonged, primary
Maximal aerobic capacity across age in healthy Hispanic and Caucasian women

We tested the hypothesis that the age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity, as measured by maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max), is greater in Hispanic than in Caucasian women. We studied 146 h...
What Does Text Sentiment Really Measure? Evidence from Earnings Calls

Text sentiment extracts text’s attitude by counting negative words and has proved extremely useful in a variety of contexts. The literature interprets it in three ways: quantitative information, soft news, and psychological sentiment. We use a quasi-natural experiment to show that text sentiment reflects primarily omitted quantitative information and does not capture soft news or sentiment. We first extract text sentiment from earnings call transcripts with dictionary and supervised-learning methods, and then compare how it predicts returns during overnight and intraday calls; specifically, whether text sentiment explains a larger portion of stock returns for overnight calls. The overnight and intraday cases differ only in the timing of a quarterly report. Overnight calls are dominated by quantitative news from a quarterly report, while the intraday cases contain mostly soft news and sentiment. Text sentiment explains overnight returns well but fails to predict returns or volatility during intraday calls. Thus, text sentiment reflects news only during periods dominated by quantitative information.
Studies on the Evaporation and Combustion of Calcium-base Sulfite Spent Liquor (XIV). Over-all Heat-transfer Coefficients and Boiling Point Rises in the Evaporation of Decalcified Sulfite Spent Liquor and Kraft Black Liquor in a Long-tube Vertical Evaporator on a Small Scale

Small-scale pilot-plant experiments were conducted on the evaporation of decalcified sulfite spent liquor (I) in a long-tube vertical evaporator. The evaporator used had only one heating tube 2.54cm in ID and 3.5m in length (heating surface 0.28m2). The feed concentration was varied from 10 to 50% (by wt.). In all cases, the feed rate was 34±2l/h, the boiling point was 95±1.0°C., and the temperature drop was 10.0±1°C. Also, for purposes of comparison, kraft black liquor (II) was evaporated under similar conditions in the same evaporator.The over-all heat-transfer coefficients U (kcal/m2h°C) in the evaporation of I from given initial concentrations were as follows : (The initial and final concentrations in weight per cent are given in order in parentheses.) 2, 800 (10, 20%), 2, 600 (20, 30%), 2, 400 (27, 40%), 2, 100 (36, 50%), and 1, 700 (45, 60%). The boiling point rises were 2.7, 4.0 and 5.0°C., respectively, at concentrations of 40, 50 and 55%. The values of U in the evaporation of II under similar conditions were nearly equal to the corresponding values found in the experiments with I. The boiling point rises were 4.0, 6.4 and 8.0°C respectively, at concentration of 4.0, 50 and 55%.
Recognizing digressive questions during interactive generation

In expository discourse, people sometimes ask questions that digress from the purpose of the discussion. A system that provides interactive explanations and advice must be able to distinguish pertinent questions from questions that digress. It must also be able to recognize questions that are incoherent. These types of questions require different treatment. Pertinent questions must be answered to achieve the discourse purpose. If the user asks a digressive question, the system may need to shift the focus of the discussion back to the original purpose. Incoherent questions signal a more serious misunderstanding that requires clarification and repair. The Interactive Discourse Planner (IDP) is designed to plan text to describe and/or justify a domain plan interactively. As a testbed, IDP plans text to discuss driving routes. IDP uses questions from the user to recognize how to extend its own text plan in a way that both satisfies its listener and achieves the system's discourse goal. In the process of recognizing ways to expand its own text plan, IDP can detect three types of digressions that the user can initiate with a question.
Psychologists in Marketing Education

While the influence of psychology on marketing practices is widely recognized, almost no information is available regarding the roles of psychologists in the education of those preparing for career...
Using Location History to Identify Patterns in Mobile Users' Visits to Establishments

The goal of this study was to assess the performance of two algorithms for using mobile GPS data to identify patterns in users' visits to stores, restaurants and other establishments. Over a 1-month period, subjects carried GPS data loggers when traveling in their local area, and made daily reports of their visits to establishments in a voicemail or email diary. The results showed lower accuracy in using GPS data to estimate durations of visits to larger buildings. However, when establishment categories were ranked by visit frequency and duration, the GPS-derived rankings matched those derived from the diary data at a level that was significantly greater than chance.
Rate of sentinel lymph node visualization in fatty breasts: Tc-99m Tilmanocept versus Tc-99m filtered sulfur colloid

1481 Objectives Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has become the standard of care for axillary staging in women with early-stage breast cancer.Lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) and sentinel lymph node biopsy have been performed using Tc-99m labelled colloids for the last 2 decades, in our institution we use Tc99m fileters sulphur colloid (Tc-SC). In 2012 the FDA approved an alternative radiopharmaceutical named Tc-99m Tilmanocept (Lymphoseek) for the same indication. In our patient population, we observed higher rate of non-localization of SLN in early breast cancer patients with large fatty (low density) breast using Tc-SC. We hypothesize that Lymphoseek which is a receptor based tracer may perform better than Tc-SC which is a particulate colloid tracer. Therefore, we aimed to assess the rate of failure to visualize SLN using Tc-SC and Lymphoseek. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the imaging and charts of 29 consecutive patients with early stage breast cancer where LSG was performed using Tc-SC from January 2012 to December 2013 and 28 patients where LSG was performed using Lymphoseek from January 2014 till December 2015. Different variables including age, breast size, density (Based on BI-RADS mammographic criteria defined as fatty, scattered fibroglandular, heterogeneously dense and dense), number of visualized lymph nodes on the images, and number of hot lymph nodes at surgery were collected. Results The mean age of the patients in Tc-SC group was 63 years versus 58 in Lymphoseek group. According to the BI-RAD mammographic criteria, 96% of the patients in Tc-SC had fatty breasts(density quartile 1,2) in comparison to 89% in Lymphoseek group. SLN was not visualized on in 12 out of 29 (41%) patients in the Tc-SC group and in 4 out of 28( 14%) patients in the Lymphoseek group, this findings was statistically significant ( P- value:0.02 by Chi square test). In addition, 23 out of 29 (79%) patients in the Tc-SC group had a hot SLN at surgery; and all patients (100%) in the Lymphoseek group showed hot SLN at surgery, this finding, was statistically significant (P-value:0.01). Conclusions Our data suggests that, in patients with fatty (low density) breasts, Lymphoseek is more effective to visualize lymph nodes both on LSG and during surgery compared with Tc-SC.
Experiments on QED and relativistic effects in highly charged ions at EBIT

The Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at LLNL has been used to study relativistic and QED effects in very highly charged ions. Experiments to observe these effects include high-accuracy wavelength measurements, electron-ion interaction cross-section measurements, and observations of two-photon decays. Examples of such results will be presented, along with their implications for QED theory in very highly ionized systems.
Competitive adsorption studies at a liquid/solid interface using IR-visible sum-frequency generation

Optical IR-visible sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a technique similar to surface second- harmonic generation (SHG) in that it is forbidden (in the dipole approximation) in spatial regions possessing inversion symmetry. For systems consisting of an interface bound by centro-symmetric media, the nonlinear response has been shown1 to be dominated by the molecular species in the interfacial region. This specifity makes nonlinear optical techniques particularly attractive for studies of molecular adsorption and interactions at liquid/solid interfacial systems.
Programming Languages and Systems

This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th Asian Symposium on Program- ming Languages and Systems (APLAS 2008), which took place in Bangalore, December 9 – December 11, 2008.
Teaching beyond the intervention: the contribution of teacher language extensions to vocabulary learning in urban kindergarten classrooms

Research to increase the early vocabulary development of urban students has emphasized the central role of teachers and the ways in which teachers use intervention curricula and strategies in their classroom contexts. This study explores teachers’ fidelity to different components of a vocabulary intervention, specifically their use of prescribed procedural routines and language strategies as well as teachers’ application of language strategies beyond what was scripted by the program, and the association between these different forms of intervention use and curriculum-specific vocabulary. Teacher fidelity to the intervention was explored across thirteen urban kindergarten classrooms. Measures of procedural and process-oriented fidelity were used to capture teachers’ adherence to a vocabulary intervention, and transcripts of teacher language use during intervention observations were analyzed and coded to capture teachers’ use of language extensions, language strategies that went beyond the materials or scripts provided by the intervention. Employing multi-level modeling results indicate that teachers’ use of language extensions positively predicted student curriculum vocabulary performance after the 24 weeks of the intervention above and beyond surface forms of fidelity. Findings from the current study encourage the need for teacher training on evidence-based practices that focus not only on intervention procedures, but also on how to use program features and strategies to more flexibly address the needs of students and anticipate how to intensify or broaden the scope of instruction based on the classroom context.
Molecular structure of AlH3[N(CH2CH2)3CH]2

Reaction of AlH3[N(CH2CH2)3CH] with hexamethyltrisiloxane, (OSiMe2)3, gives rise to the bis-quinuclidine complex AlH3[N(CH2CH2)3CH]2, which has been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure of AlH3[N(CH2CH2)3CH]2 consists of a trigonal bipyramidal aluminum with axial coordination of the quinuclidine ligands. Crystal data: orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, a = 10.6895(9), b = 12.266(1), c = 12.3794(9) A, V = 1623.2(2) A3, and Z = 4.
EIN INTEGRATIVES RAHMENKONZEPT FÜR MANAGEMENTBERATUNG ALS SPEZIFISCHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICE

Fur eine integrative Betrachtung der Managementberatung ist es zweckmasig, zunachst ein profundes Vorverstandnis ihrer grundlegenden Charakteristika zu schaffen. Mit dem Begriff der Managementberatung kann dabei sowohl institutionell ein Unternehmen, das Managementberatungsleistungen anbietet, als auch leistungsbezogen die Dienstleistung der Managementberatung selbst gemeint sein. Mit Blick auf das Ziel, anhand eines integrativen Bezugsrahmens die Mechanismen im Gefuge aus Managementberatung und Klientenunternehmen zu analysieren und hierfur ein begriffliches Grundverstandnis zu schaffen, wird in diesem Teil zur Charakterisierung der Managementberatung nicht die institutionelle, sondern die leis-tungsbezogene Perspektive eingenommen.
IL-15 sustains IL-7R-independent ILC2 and ILC3 development

The signals that maintain tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in different microenvironments are incompletely understood. Here we show that IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) is not strictly required for the development of any ILC subset, as residual cells persist in the small intestinal lamina propria (siLP) of adult and neonatal Il7ra-/- mice. Il7ra-/- ILC2 primarily express an ST2- phenotype, but are not inflammatory ILC2. CCR6+ ILC3, which express higher Bcl-2 than other ILC3, are the most abundant subset in Il7ra-/- siLP. All ILC subsets are functionally competent in vitro, and are sufficient to provide enhanced protection to infection with C. rodentium. IL-15 equally sustains wild-type and Il7ra-/- ILC survival in vitro and compensates for IL-7R deficiency, as residual ILCs are depleted in mice lacking both molecules. Collectively, these data demonstrate that siLP ILCs are not completely IL-7R dependent, but can persist partially through IL-15 signalling.
Using Microthemes to Improve Students' Writing Skills

Abstract Educators and employers continually lament the poor writing skills of college graduates, but most college curricula still do not effectively integrate the teaching of science with the development of communications skills. I tested microthemes (short, focused writing assignments) for teaching effective writing within the context of a fisheries management course. Students initially struggled with this unfamiliar approach but quickly adapted to the format. Student performance improved significantly during a series of four assignments, and improved writing skills were evident in the areas of focus, comprehensiveness, and clarity of writing. Students supported expanded use of the microtheme technique, although this approach should be supplemented with other types of writing assignments to teach scientific writing style.
Processing YAG/α‐Al2O3 composites via reactive sintering Y2O3/Al2O3 NP mixtures. A superior alternative to bottom up processing using atomically mixed YAlOx NPs

This effort contrasts “bottom-up” processing of YAG/α-Al2O3 composites where both elements (as 40-50 nm APSs nanopowders) are present at close to atomic mixing with reactive sintering where ball-milled mixtures of the individual nanopowders (40-50 nm APSs) give uniform elemental mixing at length scales closer to 100-800 nm with correspondingly much longer diffusion distances. In contrast to expectations, densification with control of final grain sizes is best effected using reactive sintering. Thus, reactive sintering to densities ≥ 95% occurs at only 1500 °C with final grain sizes of ≈ 1000 nm for all samples. In contrast “bottom up” processing to ≥ 95% densities is only achieved at 1600 °C, and with final grain sizes of 1700 nm. The reason for this unexpected behavior is that YAG phase forms early in the bottom up approach greatly inhibiting diffusion promoted densification. In contrast, in reactive sintering, YAG is prevented from forming because of the longer diffusion distances such that densification occurs prior to full conversion of the Y2O3 component to YAG. The found hardness values are statistically superior to literature values for composites near the known eutectic composition. In an accompanying paper, the addition of a third component reverses this behavior. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Enhancement-Mode AlGaN/GaN Fin-MOSHEMTs on Si Substrate With Atomic Layer Epitaxy MgCaO

We have demonstrated high-performance enhancement-mode or normally-off AlGaN/GaN fin-MOSHEMTs on a Si substrate with various fin width of 100–210 nm using atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) MgCaO as the gate dielectric. Through the fixed negative charges in MgCaO depleting the channel at the fin sidewalls, in contrast to the usual positive charges in atomic layer deposited amorphous Al2O3, the threshold voltage ( ${V} _{T}$ ) is positively shifted and normally-off device is realized. A high maximum drain current ( ${I} _{\text {DMAX}}$ ) of 670 mA/mm, high on/off ratio of 1010 ~ 1012, and ${V} _{T}$ of 1 V have been achieved on the device. Combining with negligible ${I} _{D}$ – ${V} _{\text {GS}}$ hysteresis of 30 mV and current collapse, the ALE MgCaO fin-MOSHEMT turns out to be a promising candidate for the future GaN power device applications.
Observation of Acoustic Signals from a Phantom in an 18 MeV Electron Beam for Cancer Therapy

At typical dosages with radiation therapy LINAC’s, a detectable acoustic signal from soft tissues is predicted1,2 if 103–104 successive signals arising from x-ray or electron beam pulses are signal averaged. A preliminary experiment is reported to confirm the existence of this acoustic signal which is expected because of the very small, but significant, thermal stresses due to pulsed heating by the LINAC beam.
Survival of the spineless

Cephalopod evolution is a fantastic sub­ject for lovers of drama: The moment the protagonist appears to be done for, a narrow escape ensues. When fishes developed jaws, cephalopods countered with beaks. When fishes became faster swimmers, cephalopods traded their shells for speed and got better at hiding with dynamic camouflage. In Squid Empire , Danna Staaf turns esoteric knowledge about the evolution of cephalopods into a page-turning read for all audiences.
The Kinetics of Bioactive Ceramics Part VII: Binding of Collagen to Hydroxyapatite and Bioactive Glass

ABSTRACT The in vitro reaction of Type I insoluble collagen in a simulated body fluid (SBF) is analyzed for growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. The negative surface potential of collagen leads to precipitation and growth of HA within the fibers. Exposure of collagen to a bioactive glass (45S5 Bioglass®) and SBF results in collagen becoming embedded within a growing HA layer and thereby creates a strongly bonded collagen-glass interface. The in-vitro results correspond with the in vivo behavior of 45S5 Bioglass® which bonds to both soft connective tissues and bone.
Poly-GR dipeptide repeat polymers correlate with neurodegeneration and Clinicopathological subtypes in C9ORF72 -related brain disease

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is heterogeneous in clinical presentation, neuropathological characteristics and genetics. An expanded GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of both FTLD and motor neuron disease (MND). Dipeptide repeat polymers (DPR) are generated through repeat-associated non-ATG translation, and they aggregate in neuronal inclusions with a distribution distinct from that of TDP-43 pathology. Recent studies from animal and cell culture models suggest that DPR might be toxic, but that toxicity may differ for specific DPR. Arginine containing DPR (poly-GR and poly-PR) have the greatest toxicity and are less frequent than other DPR (poly-GP, poly-GA). A unique feature of arginine-containing DPR is their potential for post-translational modification by methyl-transferases, which produces methylarginine DPR. In this report, we explored the relationship of DPR and methylarginine to markers of neurodegeneration using quantitative digital microscopic methods in 40 patients with C9ORF72 mutations and one of three different clinicopathologic phenotypes, FTLD, FTLD-MND or MND. We find that density and distribution of poly-GR inclusions are different from poly-GA and poly-GP inclusions. We also demonstrate colocalization of poly-GR with asymmetrical dimethylarginine (aDMA) immunoreactivity in regions with neurodegeneration. Differences in aDMA were also noted by clinical phenotype. FTLD-MND had the highest burden of poly-GR pathology compared to FTLD and MND, while FTLD-MND had higher burden of aDMA than FTLD. The results suggest that poly-GR pathology is associated with toxicity and neurodegeneration. It remains to be determined if dimethylarginine modification of poly-GR could contribute to its toxicity.
Fasten Your Seat Belt, It’s Going to Be a Bumpy Ride!

This is a book about disruptive innovations and space, and the current revolution in space activities around the world that is reshaping our space endeavors. There have been many books about space that tell how we get there, what we can do there, and what this all means for the people here on Earth. There have also been many business books about innovation and disruptive technologies. This work is focused on how disruptive innovation has developed and evolved over time, and how it has, at last, come to the domain of space, how it has transformed how we ‘do’ space, what that means, and where this is all going in the future.
Yin-Yang Of Organizational Theories Influencing Mgmt and Strategy Literature In The New Millennium

Text Analytics has been gaining prominence in the academic research realm, supplementing or augmenting the various traditional methods that have been used by management scholars. This paper uses te...
Multi-institutional analysis of outcomes following transoral surgery for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rising, even in elderly patients. The outcomes of transoral surgery (TOS) in this population are not entirely known. METHODS A retrospective review was performed at two institutions from October 2003 to September 2016 on patients 70 years or older with HPV-related OPSCC treated with TOS. RESULTS A total of 75 patients were included with a mean age of 74 years (70-87 years). At a median follow-up of 35.7 months, 3-year overall survival was 81.5% and disease-specific survival was 94.3%. Advanced cT stage (odds ratio, 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-6.64) negatively impacted OS. Conjunctive consolidation was performed to create a staging system with patients older than 80 years, severe comorbidity, and cT3-4 having worse survival. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with HPV-related OPSCC treated with TOS have excellent survival and therefore should not be excluded from such therapy based on age alone.
Racial Ideology between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: Julius Evola and the Aryan Myth, 1933–43:

One of the troublesome factors in the Rome–Berlin Axis before and during the Second World War centered on disagreements over racial ideology and corresponding antisemitic policies. A common image s...
Power Dynamics and Privacy Protection in the Gig Economy

New forms of digitally-mediated labor pose several privacy concerns for workers. However, due to asymmetries in power and information, workers may be limited in the degree to which they can protect their privacy. Through my doctoral research, I examine how issues of privacy play out in the gig economy, and how they impact workers' experiences as well as how and what work gets completed.
Ingenuity, Intellectual Integrity, Honesty, and Collaboration Will Be the Key to Our Future

Since I am a positive person, I would like to change the focus of this narrative from ‘What Should We Be Worried About?’ to ‘What Should We Be Excited About?’ I believe that the key to our future of orthopedic sports medicine is to remain as a sub-specialty of orthopedic surgery and not be confused with other non-surgical sports medicine groups (primary care sports medicine, athletic training, physical therapy, etc.). We are orthopedic surgeons whose strength is understanding the art and science of musculoskeletal care in active individuals from pediatrics to geriatrics. We are skilled in the art and science of non-operative and operative management in active individuals (recreational to professional) of all ages.
Shared interests foster interethnic cooperation among politicians

Ethnic relations play an important political role in many countries and can have serious consequences for policy and stability, with many conflicts occurring along ethnic lines. While most studies on ethnic relations focus on the behavior of the general public, ethnic bias among political elites may be equally consequential but remains understudied. This study explores tools that improve interethnic cooperation among politicians in governance (rather than electoral competition). We argue that shared interests incentivize elites to overcome ethnic bias. We conduct two experiments (one survey and one lab-in-the-field) with local politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina and find support for this expectation, i.e., concrete information about shared policy priorities and goals foster interethnic cooperation.
A Smartphone App to Monitor Mood Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder: Development and Usability Study.

Background: There is considerable scientific interest in finding new and innovative ways to capture rapid fluctuations in functioning within individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), a severe, recurrent mental disorder associated with frequent shifts in symptoms and functioning. The use of smartphones can provide valid and real-world tools for use in measurement-based care and could be used to inform more personalized treatment options for this group, which can improve standard of care. Objective: We examined the feasibility and usability of a smartphone to capture daily fluctuations in mood within BD and to relate daily self-rated mood to smartphone use behaviors indicative of psychomotor activity or symptoms of the illness. Methods: Participants were 26 individuals with BD and 12 healthy control individuals who were recruited from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of BD. All were given a smartphone with a custom-built app and prompted twice a day to complete questions of mood for 28 days. The app automatically and unobtrusively collected phone usage data. A poststudy satisfaction survey was also completed. Results: Our sample showed a very high adherence rate to the daily momentary assessments (91% of the 58 prompts completed). Multivariate mixed effect models showed that an increase in rapid thoughts over time was associated with a decrease in outgoing text messages (β=–.02; P=.04), and an increase in impulsivity self-ratings was related to a decrease in total call duration (β=–.29; P=.02). Participants generally reported positive experiences using the smartphone and completing daily prompts. Conclusions: Use of mobile technology shows promise as a way to collect important clinical information that can be used to inform treatment decision making and monitor outcomes in a manner that is not overly burdensome to the patient or providers, highlighting its potential use in measurement-based care.
Room-temperature strong coupling between plasmonic nanoparticles and quantum dots

Strong quantum-mechanical coupling between single emitters and cavity modes enables quantum transduction between photons and excitations in the solid state. However, previous experiments have been limited to cryogenic temperatures. By coupling single colloidal quantum dots to plasmonic nanocavities, we have demonstrated strong coupling at room temperature for single solid-state emitters.
Mechanism, Diagnosis, Medication, Care Guidance, and Health Promotion in Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most serious and prevalent medical conditions, manifested by memory loss and daily activity dysfunction. Many established hypotheses regarding AD, such as Aβ peptide aggregation and tau tanglements, have provided a fundamental basis. Despite the progress, AD still possesses irreversibility, and the current treatments generated towards AD only aimed to slow down progression. Therefore, further studies on AD mechanism, diagnosis, medication, care guidance, health care and health promotion are constantly conducted for enhancement and advancement. This review article briefly demonstrates long-established facts and sums up the recent discoveries on AD.
Efficiency of Brent Index and Futures Markets

Previous studies on the efficiency of oiI and gas markets have used monthly, weekly, or daily data. With the fast evolving, high-speed transaction globalized financial markets; efficiency of markets is better-explored using intraday day. In this paper, data sampled at 30-minute intervals intraday are used for this purpose. The efficiency and effectiveness of information propagation is examined between spot and derivatives markets of oil and gas commodities. Furthermore, the interpretation of new information and its incorporation into the prices are also examined with high frequency sampled data. The evidence from oil and gas markets is indicative of well-functioning commodity markets with highly efficiency conduction of information.
Materiales de viaje: La función de los objetos en las fotografías, ensayos y diario personal de Alice Dixon Le Plongeon en Yucatán

This article analyzes the photographs, essays, and travel diary of the English explorer Alice Dixon Le Plongeon on her stay in the Yucatan Peninsula during the second half of the nineteenth century (1874–1885). Despite her pioneering work as an explorer and photographer of Chichen Itza and Uxmal, Dixon has not been part of the group of foreign travelers—men and women—who compose the multicultural, multilingual canon of Latin America. My study rescues Dixon’s work, paying particular attention to the materials (furniture, clothing, household, photographic instruments) that built her experience and knowledge as an archaeologist and photographer in the Yucatan. An analysis of the presence, circulation, and reflection on objects (“things” under Bill Brown’s definition) contributes to the study of the complex relationship between travelers’ own identities and the territories they visited, highlights the role of material culture in the definition of “the feminine” in the nineteenth century, and proposes new ways to approach the construction of scientific and ethnographic knowledge in women’s travelogues. Resumen Este articulo analiza las fotografias, ensayos y diario de viaje de la exploradora inglesa Alice Dixon Le Plongeon en su paso por la Peninsula de Yucatan durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX (1874–1885). A pesar de su trabajo pionero como exploradora y fotografa Chichen Itza y Uxmal, Alice Dixon no ha formado parte hasta ahora del conjunto de viajeros y viajeras extranjeros que integran el canon multicultural y multilingue de Latinoamerica. Este trabajo rescata la obra de Dixon prestando particular atencion a la dimension material (mobiliario, vestimenta, instrumentos domesticos y fotograficos) sobre la que se construye la experiencia y el conocimiento de la viajera como arqueologa y fotografa en Yucatan. Un analisis de la presencia, circulacion y reflexion de y sobre los objetos (“cosas” en la definicion de Bill Brown) contribuye al estudio de la compleja relacion de los viajeros con su propia identidad en viaje y con el territorio visitado, destaca el rol de la cultura material en la definicion de “lo femenino” en el siglo XIX, y propone nuevos modos para aproximarse a la construccion del conocimiento cientifico y etnografico en la escritura de las mujeres viajeras.
Factors associated with PrEP adherence among MSM living in Jackson, Mississippi

Understanding the determinants of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence is integral to reducing HIV incidence in the United States, especially for those at highest risk. To this end, the presen...
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Enhances HIV-1 Accumulation and Release in Primary Cervical Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting Lysosomal Activity

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is one of the most widely used contraceptives in the world. Epidemiologic studies have uncovered a possible link between the use of MPA and an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission. However, the understanding of the mechanism is still limited. Our previous publication demonstrated that the lysosomal activity in human vaginal epithelial cells attenuated the trafficking of viral particles during HIV-1 transcytosis. In this study, we show that treating human primary cervical epithelial cells with MPA led to a reduction in lysosomal activity. This reduction caused an increase in the intracellular HIV-1 accumulation and, consequently, an increase in viral release. Our study uncovers a novel mechanism by which MPA enhances HIV-1 release in primary cervical epithelial cells, thus providing vital information for HIV intervention and prevention.
Surgical Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction

Surgical treatment for organic erectile dysfunction (ED) includes penile arterial revascularization, surgery for veno-occlusive dysfunction, and penile prosthesis implantation. In the 2005 American Urological Association Erectile Dysfunction Guidelines, surgery for veno-occlusive dysfunction was not recommended, and evidence to demonstrate efficacy for penile arterial revascularization was deemed to be lacking.
Proangiogenic Function of CD40 Ligand-CD40 Interactions

Angiogenesis is a characteristic component of cell-mediated immune inflammation. However, little is known of the immunologic mediators of angiogenesis factor production. Interactions between CD40 ligand (CD40L) and CD40 have been shown to have pluripotent functions in inflammation, including the production of cytokines, chemokines, as well as the angiogenesis factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), by endothelial cells. In this study we found that treatment of cultured human endothelial cells with an anti-CD40 Ab (to ligate CD40) resulted in the expression of several other angiogenesis factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 and the receptors Flt-1 and Flt-4. To determine the proangiogenic effect of CD40L in vivo, human skin was allowed to engraft on SCID mice for 6 wk. These healed human skins express CD40 on resident endothelial cells and monocyte/macrophages, but not on CD20-expressing B cells. Skins were injected with saline, untransfected murine fibroblasts, or murine fibroblasts stably transfected with human CD40L. We found that the injection of CD40L-expressing cells, but not control cells, resulted in the in vivo expression of several angiogenesis factors (including VEGF and fibroblast growth factor) and a marked angiogenesis reaction. Mice treated with anti-VEGF failed to elicit an angiogenesis reaction in response to injection of CD40L-expressing cells, suggesting that the proangiogenic effect of CD40L in vivo is VEGF dependent. These observations imply that ligation of CD40 at a peripheral inflammatory site is of pathophysiological importance as a mediator of both angiogenesis and inflammation.
The Jd number: An empirical constant for predicting dual cantilever flutter velocity

In this letter, the authors present a semi-empirical relationship used to predict the velocity at which two adjacent identical cantilevers placed in steady cross-flow begin to experience persistent large amplitude vibrations at a particular combination of flow velocity and separation distance. This recently discovered flow-induced vibration phenomenon is called dual cantilever flutter (DCF). The only DCF models available can be used to predict time-series dynamics; however, they are complex and require extensive model updating procedures. The model proposed in this letter requires known parameters and only a single nondimensional empirical value called the Jd number. The Jd number was found to be an approximately constant single value for four case studies, each performed with a different cantilever design. Derivation of the Jd number and the flutter prediction model are discussed and experimentally validated.
Bile acids : LXIII. Relationship betweeb the mobility on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and the structure of bile acids

Abstract The mobility of bile acids, as defined by the term “relative capacity factor”, was determined on a μBondapak C18 column, eluted with a mixture of 2-propanol and 10mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.0). The contributions to mobility due to substituents such as hydroxyl, oxo, olefin, and side-chain methylene and amino acid substituents were calculated. From these values, the relative capacity factors of polyfunctionalized bile acids were computed. The agreements were good between the theoretical and observed values, provided that only hydroxyl substituents were present on the a-surface and that they were spaced sufficiently apart. When β-hydroxyl or oxo groups were also attached to the steroid nucleus, substantial disagreements were noted which could be rationalized on the basis of conformational analysis. Thus, the mobility of a compound is not necessarily correlated to the sum of the polarity contributions of each substituent.
Birth Injury of the Cranium and Central Nervous System

Birth injury of the scalp, skull and central nervous system (CNS) is a well-recognized complication of a difficult delivery. The rate of birth trauma has dropped precipitously and now accounts for less than 2% of neonatal deaths. Despite this dramatic decrease in birth-trauma mortality significant injuries still occur. A variety of risk factors clearly predispose certain infants to birth-related injury. Recent neuroradiology studies indicate that intracranial hemorrhage, even in asymptomatic infants, is not rare. Pathologists' (neuropathologists and forensic pathologists) appreciation of the spectrum of birth injuries and their sequelae is critical in order to be able to distinguish these from inflicted injuries and post-mortem changes.
2‐Methyl‐2‐thiazoline

[2346-00-1] C4H7NS (MW 101.19) InChI = 1S/C4H7NS/c1-4-5-2-3-6-4/h2-3H2,1H3 InChIKey = JUIQOABNSLTJSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (lithiation produces an acetaldehyde enolate equivalent for synthesis of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted acetaldehydes,1, 2 β-hydroxy aldehydes,3 homoallylic alcohols,3 and α,α-disubstituted β-ethylenic methyl ketones4) Alternate Name: 4,5-dihydro-2-methylthiazole. Physical Data: bp 144.5–145 °C; d 1.067 g cm−3. Form Supplied in: commercially available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: no special precautions are warranted. Use in a fume hood.
Distribution Keiretsu, Foreign Direct Investment, and Import Penetration in Japan

Directed marketing channels--known in Japan as distribution keiretsu--are more likely than others to be headed by a primary wholesaler that is vertically integrated with the manufacturer, which for foreign manufacturers entails their directly investing in Japan-based wholesale subsidiaries. I support this statement with empirical evidence and theoretical reasoning. Briefly stated, vertical integration better aligns the noncontractible wholesaler effort levels with the manufacturer's profit, but necessarily forgoes the inherent advantage of an independent wholesaler at market-widening efforts. This establishes a trade-off bearing on the decision to vertically integrate. Where market-widening efforts complicate the resolution of retail externalities, it can be better to forgo market-widening efforts altogether and instead focus exclusively on resolving the externalities, vertically integrating with the wholesaler in order to better administer a distribution keiretsu.