cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of metal complexes of a naturally occurring macrocyclic ionophore-monensin

The acid-base and complexing properties of a naturally occurring antibiotic ionophore-monensin (MonH)-were studied in anhydrous methanol solutions primarily by potentiometric measurements. The pKa of the acid was found to be 10.30±0.05 at 25°C. Complexes of silver, thallium, and alkali ions with the undissociated ligand were also studied, and their stability constants were determined. The acid dissociation constant of MonH as well as the stability constants of Mon− Na+ and MonH·NaClO4 complexes were determined in the 5–45°C temperature range, and the enthalpy and entropy of the acidity and stability constants were determined from van't Hoff's plots. The formation of MonH and Mon−Na+ species are both enthalpy and entropy stabilized, but the formation of the MonH·NaClO4 complex is enthalpy stabilized but entropy destabilized.
Estimating the dispersal capacity of the introduced green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), from field collections and oceanographic modeling

Abstract Introduced species can often cause negative environmental and economic effects, but also offer opportunities to study the rate of range expansion from localized population centers. The green mussel, Perna viridis , was introduced to the waters of the Caribbean and Florida from the Indo-Pacific and remains relatively isolated in portions of northeastern Florida. The present study aimed at identifying the factors that influence the spatial and temporal patterns of green mussel larval settlement throughout the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) of northeastern Florida, and to estimate dispersal distance using both field observations and a hydrographic model. Green mussel spat were collected from sites within the ICW on a monthly basis for much of 2007, 2008 and 2010 and a particle tracking model was used to predict larval movement during observed settlement periods from 2007. Settlement typically occurred during the summer months and was correlated to water temperature but not salinity or chlorophyll a concentration. Habitat also significantly influenced settlement patterns since most of the settlement occurred within the main channel of the ICW and not in adjacent feeder creeks. Observed settlement patterns suggested that most green mussel larvae likely dispersed 10 km or less but some were collected a minimum of 18 km from a potential source population. Model projections suggested that dispersal distance could often exceed 100 km but most of the particles dispersed along the coast as opposed to remaining within the ICW making comparisons between the model results and the observed settlement patterns difficult.
Spectroscopic Evidence for Fe(II)−Fe(III) Electron Transfer at the Iron Oxide−Water Interface

Using the isotope specificity of 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, we report spectroscopic observations of Fe(II) reacted with oxide surfaces under conditions typical of natural environments (i.e., wet, anoxic, circumneutral pH, and about 1% Fe(II)). Mossbauer spectra of Fe(II) adsorbed to rutile (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) show only Fe(II) species, whereas spectra of Fe(II) reacted with goethite (α-FeOOH), hematite (α-Fe2O3), and ferrihydrite (Fe5HO8) demonstrate electron transfer between the adsorbed Fe(II) and the underlying iron(III) oxide. Electron-transfer induces growth of an Fe(III) layer on the oxide surface that is similar to the bulk oxide. The resulting oxide is capable of reducing nitrobenzene (as expected based on previous studies), but interestingly, the oxide is only reactive when aqueous Fe(II) is present. This finding suggests a novel pathway for the biogeochemical cycling of Fe and also raises important questions regarding the mechanism of contaminant reduction by Fe(II) in the presenc...
Atrial fibrillation following physostigmine

The side effects of physostigmine, a tertiary amine anticholinesterase agent commonly used to treat postanaesthetic depression caused by a large number of drugs, are thought to be fairly mild. A case is reported in which atrial fibrillation followed a total dose of 2 mg of this drug to a patient who was slow in recovering from a general anaesthetic. The arrhythmia was self-limiting and required no therapy. Indications and precautions for the use of physostigmine are discussed.
Condom Use by Low‐Income African American and Hispanic Youth With a Weil‐Known Partner: Integrating the Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, and the Construct Accessibility Model1

Use of multiple group structural equation modeling in a survey of condom use with a well-known sexual partner revealed significant gender and ethnic differences. The study incorporated concepts from the health belief model theory of reasoned action and the construct accessibility model. 747 US Black and Hispanic male and female youths 14-25 years old (mean 19.1 years) from low-income urban households were interviewed about their sexual behavior in the 12 months preceding the survey alcohol use and concerns about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The theoretical models for each of the 4 subgroups were significantly different (p < 0.001) from each other. Pervasive in all 4 gender-ethnic groups however was the belief that condom use has a negative effect on sexual pleasure. Highly predictive of condom use was a new concept: condom predisposition which integrated notions of attitude partner norm and accessibility of condom-related constructs. Age was unrelated to condom use and alcohol use was salient (in a negative direction) only for Black males. Notable only among Black women was a lack of association between condom predisposition and partner communication about AIDS. The positive effect of AIDS communication was significantly greater for Hispanic males and females than for Black males. Hispanic females in particular showed a trend toward dismissal of concerns about the loss of pleasure associated with condom use the more they became worried about AIDS. Since the processes underlying condom use vary according to race and gender AIDS prevention strategies should be tailored to specific groups.
Who is Listening? Security in Wireless Networks

Wireless networks have significantly impacted the world as far back as World War II. Through the use of wireless networks, information could be sent overseas or behind enemy lines easily and quickly. Since then wireless networks have continued to develop and its uses have significantly grown. This rapid proliferation of wireless networks has been closely accompanied by an increasing number of security threats. This paper describes an overview of security issues in wireless networks. Security issues in wireless networks span multiple layers including physical layer, network layer and application layer and encompass cross-layer attacks based on identity management and side channels. This paper discusses some prominent security issues in the context of wireless networks and presents qualitative arguments that demonstrate the infeasibility of building unbreakable security mechanisms under a bounded resource model. Hence, it is becomes crucial to identify trade-offs between attack and defense strategies and their cost structures (such as performance overhead). The paper concludes with a discussion on an emerging paradigm for achieving a quantifiable level of security using a risk analysis approach that captures the notion of risk and pricing.
Trajectories of cigarette smoking from adolescence to young adulthood as predictors of obesity in the mid-30s.

Introduction: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between two major health problems, smoking and obesity, and to determine to what extent trajectories of cigarette smoking from early adolescence to young adulthood are related to obesity in the mid-30s. Methods: Participants (N= 806) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire at 6 points in time over a period of 23 years. Semiparametric group-based modeling and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The main outcome measure was obesity, assessed by body mass index in the mid-30s. Results: Five distinct trajectories of tobacco use were identified (N = 806): heavy/continuous smokers, late starters, quitters/ decreasers, occasional smokers, and nonsmokers. Compared with nonsmokers, heavy/continuous smokers or late starters had a significantly lower likelihood of obesity. Also, compared with nonsmokers or occasional smokers, heavy/continuous smokers or late starters had a significantly lower likelihood of being overweight or obese. Discussion: Smoking cessation programs should focus on weight control methods, such as physical exercise and learning healthy habits. In addition, weight control programs should incorporate smoking cessation efforts as integral components.
Co-integration tests for long run equilibrium in the monetary exchange rate model

Abstract The monetary model of exchange rate determination is tested as a long run equilibrium relation. Tests of co-integration among the variables in this model over a wide range of specifications are generally unfavorable to the monetary approach.
Preparation and properties of iron monophosphide

Abstract Fused salt electrolysis and chemical transport have been investigated as means of growing single crystals of FeP suitable for physical measurements. Magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity have been measured from 4.2K to 298K on crystals grown by these techniques. FeP exhibits metallic behavior throughout this temperature range. Anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility and resistivity curves at about 120K have been correlated with an ordered antiferromagnetic spiral. The nature of additional anomalies observed at about 30K has not yet been determined.
1100 RENAL GLUCOSE HANDLING IN THE LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) INFANTS

Glycosuria (GU) which may lead to an osmotic diuresis is often seen in LBW infants receiving glucose infusion during parenteral alimentation presumably due to low renal threshold (RTG) and tubular maximum (TmG) for glucose. This study was designed to determine 1) RTG and TmG in LWB infants and 2) the effects of glycosuria on renal functions. In 9 2-14 day old infants with mean birth weight (bw) of 1125 gms and gestation of 29 wks, plasma glucose titration curves (PGTC) were obtained by stepwise increase in plasma glucose levels (by hourly increments in glucose infusion rate at 10, 12, 14, and 16 mg/kg/min) along with data obtained by timed uncatheterized urine collections. The splays of the PGTC were used to derive RTG (164 ± 6.7 mg/dl) and TmG (0.86 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min). Neither correlated with gestational, conceptual or postnatal age. In parallel studies, 24 LBW infants (similar bw and gestation) developed GU of increasing magnitude during the graded increase in plasma glucose levels. Urine flow, creatinine, osmolar and free water clearances were unchanged but the fractional Na excretion was significantly reduced (p<.05) during increasing degrees of GU (trace to 4+ by Labstix). Our data show that RTG and TmG are low in LBW infants (approximately 1/2 and 1/5 of the reported adult values, respectively) but with the exception of Na handling,glycosuria was not accompanied by alteration in renal functions and in our experiment, osmotic diuresis did not occur.
PLC Based Bottling Process Control System

As the use of automation increases in the manufacturing industry as well as other industrial environments, more programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are used in these areas to increase reliability and flexibility, reduce cost, and increase maintainability. In this proposed paper, a basic of PLC in automation environments is introduced and a bottle filling and packaging process control implemented by using Allen Bradly CompactLogix PLC is discussed.
Reduction in post-intubation respiratory resistance by isoflurane and albuterol.

This study examined the bronchodilating effects of 0.6 MAC and 1, 1 MAC isoflurane (ISF) on respiratory system resistance (Rrs) following tracheal intubation and determined whether albuterol supplements that effect. Sixty-seven adult patients were anaesthetized with 2 μg · kg−1 fentanyl and 5 mg · kg−1 thiopentone and their tracheas intubated following administration of 1 mg · kg−1 succinylcholine. Respiratory system resistance was measured following intubation and the patients then randomized to receive either 1. 1 MAC ISF in oxygen or 0.6 MAC ISF in 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen. Ten minutes later, Rrs was again measured. Patients were then further randomized to receive albuterol or a placebo using incremental doses of 2, 5, and 10 puffs (albuterol puff = 90 μg) delivered via a metered dose inhaler at ten minute intervals. Isoflurane at 1. 1 MAC decreased post-intubation Rrs by 23 ± 5% (mean ± sem) whereas the decrease was only 7 ± 5% for 0.6 MAC ISF (P < 0.01). Two puffs of albuterol resulted in a further decrease of 12 ± 3% (mean ± sem) in Rrs compared with a 2 ± 4% decrease in the placebo groups (P < 0.05). Additional puffs of albuterol resulted in no further changes in Rrs. We conclude that following tracheal intubation the reduction in Rrs produced by ISF is highly concentration dependent. Albuterol results in a small further reduction in Rrs.
Role of Estrogen Receptor-β in Regulation of Vasopressin and Oxytocin Release in Vitro

In rats, the magnocellular neurons that produce vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) express estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta). Physiological concentrations of estrogen (E2) inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated VP and OT release from explants of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS). To determine whether ER-beta mediates inhibition by E2, HNS explants were perifused with and without NMDA (50 microM) in the presence of E2 (50 pg/ml), E2 coupled to BSA (E2:BSA), genistein (100 nM, a phytoestrogen with affinity for ER-beta), or tetrahydrochrysene-R,R,-enantiomer (R,R-THC, a ligand that acts as an agonist on ER-alpha but an antagonist on ER-beta). VP and OT released into the perifusate were measured by RIA. E2 and genistein inhibited NMDA-stimulated VP release, but E2:BSA and R,R,THC were not effective inhibitors. However, R,R,THC blocked E2 inhibition of NMDA-stimulated VP release. The inability of E2:BSA to mimic the effect of E2 indicates that E2 inhibition is not mediated by membrane receptors. The ability of genistein to mimic the effect of E2 suggests that the effect is mediated by ERbeta. This interpretation is supported by the ability of R,R,THC to block but not to mimic the effect of E2. Thus, E2 inhibition of NMDA-stimulated VP and OT release may be mediated by ER-beta.
Enhancing the maximum controllable current density of the accumulation channel driven bipolar transistor

Abstract The phenomenon of potential barrier lowering in the N -base region limits the maximum controllable current density ( J mcc ) of the accumulation channel bipolar transistor (ACBT). The barrier lowering occurs when the hole current flowing into the P / N -base collector junction of the ACBT creates a bias opposing the built-in potential of the P / N -base junction. A significant improvement in the J mcc of the ACBT has been obtained after electron radiation because the hole current flowing into the P / N -base junction is decreased as a result of the reduction in minority carrier lifetime. Furthermore, the J mcc of the ACBT is shown to increase significantly by ramping the gate electrode to negative voltages during turn-off. The enhancement in the J mcc brought about by this method is limited by the channel density of the P MOSFET created along the deep trench sidewall on application of a negative gate bias. A new dual gate ACBT structure, integrating a high channel density P MOSFET within its unit cell, is proposed and demonstrated to be superior to the conventional ACBT structure.
Integration of total internal reflection and atomic force microscopy (TIRFM-AFM) to study stress transduction mechanisms in endothelial cells

The purpose of this study was to integrate atomic force microscopy (AFM) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) data to determine the effect of localized force application over the cell surface on the cell's focal contacts size and position. TIRFM gives detailed information on the cell-substrate contact regions and AFM is a tool for elasticity measurements, force application, and topographic surface mapping of the cell. Elasticity measurements indicated that the nuclear region was stiffer than the cell body. Following application of nanonewtons force above the nucleus, the cell-substrate contacts rearranged to offset the force. It is evident that the stress applied to the upper surface of the cell is transmitted to the cell-substrate contact region.
The Devil and the Network: What Sparsity Implies to Robustness and Memory

Robustness is a commonly bruited property of neural networks; in particular, a folk theorem in neural computation asserts that neural networks--in contexts with large interconnectivity--continue to function efficiently, albeit with some degradation, in the presence of component damage or loss. A second folk theorem in such contexts asserts that dense interconnectivity between neural elements is a sine qua non for the efficient usage of resources. These premises are formally examined in this communication in a setting that invokes the notion of the "devil" in the network as an agent that produces sparsity by snipping connections.
Optimal equalization cost functions and maximum a posteriori estimation

A new maximum a posteriori (MAP) formulation is shown to be a straightforward and intuitive way to derive optimal blind equalization cost functions. This MAP method provides a general, systematic way to derive blind adaptation methods using the given pdf of the input and a convolutional noise model. A general blind equalization/deconvolution cost function known as Gray's Variable Norm, is shown to be derivable using the MAP formulation presented here. Gray's Variable Norm (1979) is a superset of existing blind equalization cost functions, including the Godard and Sato algorithms as special cases. The MAP method is capable of deriving cost functions needed for a wide variety of problems, including those with infinite variance pdfs and even multichannel problems. >
P-wave tomography of potential convective downwellings and their source regions, Sierra Nevada, California

Teleseismic P-wave tomography using the Sierra Nevada Earthscope Project (SNEP) deployment, older temporary deployments in the Sierra, and broadband stations from permanent and USArray Transportable Array (TA) stations was derived from starting models either lacking lateral variation (one dimensional [1-D]) or created from three-dimensional (3-D) surface-wave models. The use of multiple starting models permits examination of the robustness of different features while limiting the inherent ambiguities of teleseismic body-wave tomography. Our results confirm that mafic residuum of the Mesozoic Sierran batholith has been removed from the eastern Sierra north to at least 39°N. Low-wavespeed material near the Moho under the eastern Sierra is probably silicic lower crust and warm and possible melt-laden upper mantle. If the residuum remains in the upper mantle, there are three possible locations for it: a high-wavespeed (+∼5%) body extending down to ∼250 km near 36°N, 119.3°W termed the Isabella anomaly, an unusually high-wavespeed (to +10%) and shallow (top ∼40–50 km) anomaly at the south end of the Gorda slab near 40.5°N, 122.25°W termed the Redding anomaly, and a more ill-defined region of high wavespeeds in the crust to uppermost mantle (
Effect of Fluorescent Light on the Isomerization of Retinyl Palmitate in Skim Milk

Skim milk fortified with retinyl palmitate was exposed to fluorescent light and analyzed for the isomers of retinyl palmitate. High performance liquid chromatography was used to separate and identify the all-trans and some cis forms. Besides all-trans retinyl palmitate, small amounts of 13-cis retinyl palmitate were present in unexposed skim milk. The level of all-trans decreased over the 48-hr period of light exposure. The 13-cis levels also decreased but not as rapidly. The level of the 9-cis isomer increased over the 48-hr period of light exposure.
1,3,5-Triaroylbenzenes as versatile inclusion hosts via C–H···O hydrogen bonding

1,3,5-Tris(4-nitrobenzoyl)benzene was prepared by cyclotrimerization of (4-nitrobenzoyl)acetylene. This material was found to form 1:1 crystalline inclusion complexes with CH2Cl2 and DMSO as revealed by X-ray crystallography. These inclusion complexes are mediated by C–H···O hydrogen bonding.
Optimal Scheduling Policies in Small Generalized Switches

We consider small generalized switches with less than or equal to four links, and study scheduling policies designed to minimize the total number of packets in the system. By focusing on very small switches, we are able to derive optimal or heavy-traffic optimal policies whose performance can then be compared to previously conjectured optimal policies. In particular, it has been conjectured that the max-weight policy with weight q alpha is optimal in heavy-traffic when alpha rarr 0. Our results show that this conjecture is not true.
Submarine canyon initiation by downslope-eroding sediment flows: Evidence in late Cenozoic strata on the New Jersey continental slope

Multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection profiles of the New Jersey continental slope reveal a series of abandoned and now-buried submarine canyons that have apparently influenced the development of modern canyons. The buried canyons are infilled along nine slope-wide unconformities separating upper-middle Miocene to Pleistocene sediments that thin downslope. Canyons infilled during the Miocene occur in the southwest part of the study area where Miocene sediments are thickest. Other canyons, infilled during the Pleistocene, occur in the northeast part of the study area where Pleistocene sediments are thickest. When followed downslope, each of the buried canyons arrives at a confluence with a modern canyon, usually where the downslope-tapering sediment cover has failed to smooth over the buried canyon, leaving a sea-floor trough. Sea-ward of the confluences, the modern canyons have exhumed the buried canyons and use the older valleys to reach the base of the slope. Re-use of the lower slope reach of the buried canyons appears to have begun when the sea-floor troughs over the buried canyons captured sediment flows initiated along the upper slope and shelf break and confined them to follow the former path of the buried canyons to the base of the slope. The downslope erosion caused by the sediment.flows is proposed to have initiated the modern canyons, which eventually excavated and deepened the former routes of the buried canyons seaward of the sites of sediment flow capture. The occurrence of buried canyons where strata thickens alongslope suggests that infilling of the buried canyons occurred seaward of shelf-edge depocenters. The heightened sediment input to the slope in these regions may have also led to the initiation and growth of modern-day canyons. The temporal relation between modern canyon formation, sediment supply, and sea level, however, remains to be established.
Female athletes and eating problems: a meta-analysis.

Objective The relationship between athletic participation and eating problems is examined using meta-analysis. Both the risk and protective elements of athletic participation are considered. Method Data from 34 studies were used to examine the overall relationship between athletic participation and eating problems. Relationships for specific sports, elite athletes, and various age groups are also examined. Results Athletes appeared to be somewhat more at risk for eating problems than nonathletes. This was especially true of dancers. Significant effects did not emerge for gymnasts. Elite athletes, especially those in sports emphasizing thinness, were at risk. Nonelite athletes, especially in high school, had reduced risk of eating problems compared to controls. Body dissatisfaction was lower in athletes. Conclusion There appear to be circumstances under which sports participation by women constitutes a risk factor for certain elements of eating problems. In other situations, athletic participation may be protective against eating problems. © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 27: 371–380, 2000.
Decentralization and Executive-Legislative Relations in the Philippines, 1961–1967

ALTHOUGH the framers of the Philippine constitutional convention of 1934-35 were careful not to establish an imperium in imperio (kingdom within a kingdom), the local government system which developed was not under absolute national control either. For in spite of the efforts made by several delegates to include in the national fundamental law a provision that would have guaranteed 'a more autonomous framework of government for the provinces and municipalities,'1 and the efforts of other delegates to leave the future of local governments to the national legislature,2 a unitary government was agreed upon in which local governments were subject to presidential supervision. In the course of time, presidential supervision evolved to mean two things: i) the power of the Chief Executive to appoint local officials and to review local budgets and 2) the power of congress to create local units and to grant local powers. Thus, these two political branches of the national government were to play major roles in the re-emergence of the issue of local autonomy in the fifties and the issue of decentralization in the sixties. In more specific terms, the two political branches had different views of central-local relations, especially the approach to, and extent of, decentralization. Before we proceed to discuss executivelegislative controversy on the problems of decentralization, the concept of decentralization must be understood.
Temporal profile of fronto-striatal-limbic activity during implicit decisions in drug dependence

Background Substance dependence is associated with impaired decision-making and altered fronto-striatal-limbic activity. Both greater and lesser brain activity have been reported in drug users compared to controls during decision-making. Inconsistent results might be explained by group differences in the temporal profile of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response. While most previous studies model a canonical hemodynamic response, a finite impulse response (FIR) model measures fMRI signal at discrete time points without assuming a temporal profile. We compared brain activity during decision-making and feedback in substance users and controls using two models: a canonical hemodynamic response function (HRF) and a FIR model.
Three-systems theory of human visual motion perception: review and update

Lu and Sperling [Vision Res. 35, 2697 (1995)] proposed that human visual motion perception is served by three separate motion systems: a first-order system that responds to moving luminance patterns, a second-order system that responds to moving modulations of feature types—stimuli in which the expected luminance is the same everywhere but an area of higher contrast or of flicker moves, and a third-order system that computes the motion of marked locations in a ‘‘salience map,’’ that is, a neural representation of visual space in which the locations of important visual features (‘‘figure’’) are marked and ‘‘ground’’ is unmarked. Subsequently, there have been some strongly confirmatory reports: different gain-control mechanisms for first- and second-order motion, selective impairment of first- versus second- and/or third-order motion by different brain injuries, and the classification of new third-order motions, e.g., isoluminant chromatic motion. Various procedures have successfully discriminated between second- and third-order motion (when first-order motion is excluded): dual tasks, second-order reversed phi, motion competition, and selective adaptation. Meanwhile, eight apparent contradictions to the three-systems theory have been proposed. A review and reanalysis here of the new evidence, pro and con, resolves the challenges and yields a more clearly defined and significantly strengthened theory. © 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 330.4150.
Microbial genotype–phenotype mapping by class association rule mining

Motivation: Microbial phenotypes are typically due to the concerted action of multiple gene functions, yet the presence of each gene may have only a weak correlation with the observed phenotype. Hence, it may be more appropriate to examine co-occurrence between sets of genes and a phenotype (multiple-to-one) instead of pairwise relations between a single gene and the phenotype. Here, we propose an efficient class association rule mining algorithm, netCAR, in order to extract sets of COGs (clusters of orthologous groups of proteins) associated with a phenotype from COG phylogenetic profiles and a phenotype profile. netCAR takes into account the phylogenetic co-occurrence graph between COGs to restrict hypothesis space, and uses mutual information to evaluate the biconditional relation. Results: We examined the mining capability of pairwise and multiple-to-one association by using netCAR to extract COGs relevant to six microbial phenotypes (aerobic, anaerobic, facultative, endospore, motility and Gram negative) from 11 969 unique COG profiles across 155 prokaryotic organisms. With the same level of false discovery rate, multiple-to-one association can extract about 10 times more relevant COGs than one-to-one association. We also reveal various topologies of association networks among COGs (modules) from extracted multiple-to-one correlation rules relevant with the six phenotypes; including a well-connected network for motility, a star-shaped network for aerobic and intermediate topologies for the other phenotypes. netCAR outperforms a standard CAR mining algorithm, CARapriori, while requiring several orders of magnitude less computational time for extracting 3-COG sets. Availability: Source code of the Java implementation is available as Supplementary Material at the Bioinformatics online website, or upon request to the author. Contact: makio323@gmail.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Transforming Spirituality in Artistic Leisure: How the Spiritual Meaning of Belly Dance Changes Over Time

Studies show that different dimensions of religiosity change throughout the life course. Yet, we have little information about how spirituality that some people experience outside of formal religious organizations may change. The purpose of this study is to examine how spirituality associated with artistic leisure may emerge or decline over time. Drawing from two waves of semistructured qualitative interviews conducted five years apart, I examine how the spirituality dancers associate with belly dance changes over time and factors associated with those transformations. Rather than emerging, findings show that whether dancers instill belly dance with spirituality remains stable or decreases. Furthermore, much of the decrease in the spiritual meaning that dancers link to belly dance can be understood in the context of their changing involvement in the dance, different meanings they attach to belly dance, revisiting their personal beliefs about spirituality, and expanding their spiritual outlets.
Effects of Complex Effluents from the River Raisin on Zooplankton Grazing in Lake Erie

Functional ecosystem tests should reflect the hazards of toxic chemicals, as well as stimulation by nutrients, by measuring a single flux of phytoplankton to the dominant members of the community. The flux of phytoplankton and detritus to zooplankton is reflected by the filtering rates of individual organisms, expressed as millilitres per animal per hour. The authors used common particle counting techniques to measure such fluxes in the waters of Lake Erie. They then examined the impact of complex effluents on the filtering rates. These effluent effects are scored as inhibition or stimulation of filtering by the dominant herbivores in the Lake Erie ecosystem. In the River Raisin, a tributary to Lake Erie, specific effluents usually inhibited grazing by the herbivores Daphnia. Diaptomus, and Cyclops, although one effluent was stimulatory. These results were directionally consistent and probably depended on the characteristics (especially the concentrations of metals) of the effluents.
Resource allocation for minimizing response time in grid over optical burst switched networks

We propose routing and resource allocation algorithms for grid over OBS networks with burst retransmission with the objective of minimizing the response time and maximizing the throughput of grid services.
A novel avalanche-free single photon detector

A novel single photon infrared detector is presented that is capable of operating at room temperature in principle. Unlike avalanche, this method produces no excess noise, and can potentially cover wavelengths from UV to mid-infrared.
Temperature aware microprocessor floorplanning considering application dependent power load

This paper studies microprocessor floorplanning considering thermal and throughput optimization. We first develop a stochastic heat diffusion model taking into account the application dependent power load for thermal analysis. Then, we design the floorplanning algorithm based on this model. Experimental results show that, compared with the deterministic heat diffusion model, our model obtains up to 3.2degC reduction of the on-chip peak temperature, 1.25% reduction of the area, and 1.125times better CPI (cycles per instruction) performance, respectively. Compared with temperature aware floorplanning in the HOTSPOT tool set that ignores interconnect pipelining, our algorithm is up to 27times faster, reduces the peak temperature by up to 3degC, and also reduces CPI significantly with a negligible area overhead.
GaPO4 Stiffness and Piezoelectric Constants Measurements using the Combined Thickness Excitation and Lateral Field Technique

Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) is now a commercially available piezoelectric crystal with great potential as high temperature gas, temperature and pressure sensors for a number of challenging harsh environment applications in the automotive, aerospace, gas and oil well industries. The higher piezoelectric coefficients of GaPO4 with respect to quartz (about 1.2 times higher for e11 2.5 times higher for e14) and the existence of temperature compensated orientations for bulk acoustic waves (BAW) and surface acoustic waves (SAW) are positive characteristics for communications and frequency control applications. In addition, SAW phase velocities along temperature compensated orientations circa 30% lower than that found on ST-X quartz have been predicted, which favors more compact devices. Naturally, the precise determination of any crystal orientation for applications in frequency control, communication, or sensing relies on the measurement of the acoustic properties of the material. In particular, special attention must be devoted to the room temperature measurements performed, otherwise the temperature coefficients, albeit precise, will not result in the correct identification of the temperature compensated orientations. In this work, the elastic and piezoelectric constants of GaPO4 are measured using the combined thickness excitation and lateral field excitation methods, through which multiple harmonics are measured and verified for consistency. Piezocryst Advanced Sensorics GmbH, Graz, Austria, provided the five different plate orientations used in the measurements, namely X, Y, plusmn45deg Y-rotated, and Z cuts. Based on relative precision better than 10-3 for the thickness measurements and 10-4 for the frequency measurements, the resulting phase velocities obtained also have uncertainties in the 10-3 range. The comparison between GaPO4 BAW phase velocities previously published in the literature and the results obtained from this work indicate discrepancies ranging from 0.1 to 3.2%. For instance, along the Y-cut maximum discrepancies around 30 m/s are observed for the quasi longitudinal and quasi fast shear waves, and discrepancies around 55 m/s for the pure shear wave. Consistent e11 values have been extracted from X and Y cuts, which are within 10% of those reported in the literature. The complete set of stiffness and piezoelectric constants measured, the errors involved, and the comparison with the literature are given and discussed in the paper
PERCEPTUAL AND SEMANTIC REORGANIZATION DURING CATEGORY LEARNING

Abstract Category learning not only depends upon perceptual and semantic representations; it also leads to the generation of these representations. We describe two series of experiments that demonstrate how categorization experience alters, rather than simply uses, descriptions of objects. In the first series, participants first learned to categorize objects on the basis of particular sets of line segments. Subsequently, they were given a perceptual part-whole judgment task. Categorization training influenced participants' part-whole judgments, indicating that whole objects were more likely to be broken down into parts that were relevant during categorization. In the second series, correlations were created or broken between semantic features of word concepts (e.g., ferocious vs. timid, and group-oriented vs. solitary animals). The best transfer was found between category learning tasks that shared the same semantic organization of concepts. Together, the experiments support models of category learning that simultaneously create the elements of categorized objects' descriptions and associate those elements with categories.
MOVEMENT OF VOLES ACROSS HABITAT BOUNDARIES: EFFECTS OF FOOD AND COVER

Abstract We tested hypotheses about factors likely to influence movements of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) between habitat patches that differed in availability of high-quality food and amount of vegetative cover. More emigration (per capita) occurred from low-quality habitats than from high-quality habitats. A greater proportion of emigrants from high-quality habitats returned to home habitats than did those from low-quality habitats. More emigrant prairie voles moved toward habitats with supplemental food, and more emigrants moved toward the nearest receiving habitat. Prairie voles (a monogamous species) showed greater than expected permanent emigration by subadults, whereas meadow voles (a promiscuous species) showed greater than expected permanent emigration by males. These patterns largely support predictions from evolutionary theories of dispersal. Emigrating female voles, but not males, selectively settled in habitats with supplemental food, which support...
Greenpeace’s ‘Greenfreeze Campaign’

Motivating industry to adopt environmentally sustainable technologies is a critical challenge. Hart and Milstein (1999) equate the process to that of Joseph Schumpeter’ s (1934) concept of `creative destruction’, defined as revolutionary changes that simultaneously destroy the established economic system from within and create new markets, industries, and organisational relationships. In the environmental arena, leapfrogging over existing unsustainable technologies requires visionary entrepreneurship from `maverick’ firms who potentially can unseat established firms through innovations that create new sustainable technologies, markets, and industrial structure. Creative destruction is inherently threatening to incumbent firms who are likely to resist radical technological changes and act in ways to preserve their market positions and profits.
Regional defense mechanisms of the guinea pig lung.

Many pulmonary diseases, such as tuberculosis, cancer, and pneumonia, are localized to lobes or segments of the lung suggesting regional differences in host defense mechanisms in the lungs. To determine the intrinsic regional differences in transport or phagocytic defense mechanisms, particle deposition, bactericidal activity, and particle transport were measured in each of the 5 individual lobes of guinea pig lungs. Animals were exposed by aerosol to a mixed bacterial suspension containing Proteus mirabilis labeled with sulfur-35 and Staphylococcus aureus labeled with phosphorus-32 or Proteus mirabilis labeled with phosphorus-32 and unlabeled staphylococci. Deposition of particles 3.5 μ or less in diameter was directly proportional to the weight of the lobes; however, on an equal weight basis, no preferential deposition was observed in any of the individual regions. No delay or enhancement in bactericidal activity or transport was observed among the lobes regardless of size or geographic position. These ...
Electron and Hydrogen Transfer in Small Hydrogen Fluoride Anion Clusters

A new stable structure has been found for the anion clusters of hydrogen fluoride. The ab initio method was used to optimize the structures of the (HF)3–, (HF)4–, (HF)5–, and (HF)6– anion clusters with an excess “solvated” electron. Instead of the well-known “zig-zag” (HF)n– structure, a new form, (HF)n−1F–···H, was found with lower energy. In this new form, the terminal hydrogen atom in the (HF)n– chain is separated from the other part of the cluster and the inner hydrogens transfer along the hydrogen bonds toward the outside fluoride. The negative charge also transfers from the terminal HF molecule of the chain to the center fluoride atoms. The (HF)n– clusters for n = 4, 5, and 6 have not yet been observed experimentally. These results should assist in the search for these systems and also provide a possible way to study the proton and electron transfer in some large hydrogen bonding systems.
Release of luteinizing hormone in prepubertal and middle-aged ovariectomized rats.

AbstractConcentrations of circulating LH were determined in conscious, free-moving ovariectomized rats. All of the animals had been ovariectomized at 24 days of age. Between 30 and 90 days there was an increase in mean blood LH concentrations; a more vigorous pulsatile release of LH characterized by an increase in amplitude and frequency of LH release; and an elevated responsiveness to LHRH administration. Rats which had been ovariectomized for 1 year still had elevated blood LH levels but had episodic pulses of reduced amplitude and a decrease in responsiveness to LHRH. These data suggest that important alterations occur with age in the neuroendocrine mechanisms responsible for the release of LH.
Hyper-Embedded Narration in Gravity's Rainbow

Among the many possible approaches to Gravity's Rainbow, two are remarkable because they remain, twenty-plus years after the book's publication, untravelled roads. The first approach would entail using current narratology to open analyses of this novel's difficult joyride. It would take us well beyond studies of the novel's cinematic features or the tropics of its narrative discourse; in sum, this approach would open up Pynchon's narrative poetics in ways only promised by the titles of various essays and books. The second approach would entail readings of the novel by way of Deleuze and Guattari. The general absence of work along this path is simply unaccountable because, as I suggest later, the correlations of Deleuzian theory with Pynchon's fiction are powerful and crucial. In what follows I explore how the two neglected approaches complement each other. This analysis isolates for study a specific feature of Pynchon's writing, yet one that always marks a zone where narrative poetics may be seen converting into a Deleuzian schizophrenia, and vice versa.
Joint Hypermobility Syndrome in a Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) Cohort (P5.116)

Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory features of joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) in POTS. Background: JHS has been reported to occur frequently in POTS patients and in one series was associated with an earlier age of symptom onset and a greater prevalence of migraine and syncope relative to POTS patients without JHS. The precise nature and significance of JHS in POTS patients has not been definitively established, however. We evaluated the clinical and laboratory features of patients with JHS and POTS relative to POTS patients without JHS. Methods: A series of 41 consecutive new patients undergoing an evaluation for POTS was included in this study. All patients underwent a clinical examination, completed a composite autonomic symptom score (COMPASS) questionnaire, illness intrusiveness scale questionnaire, autonomic testing, and routine laboratory studies. Results: Results: A total of 41 patients were included in the study; 36 were female, mean age 25, with a mean symptom duration of 4.6 years. JHS was evident in 26 of 41 patients (63[percnt]), and when compared to patients without JHS there was no significant difference in sex, age of the patient, age of symptom onset, migraine prevalence, severity of autonomic symptoms on the COMPASS, or features on autonomic testing. However, the JHS patients had longer symptom duration (5.7 years vs. 2.7), lower supine norepinephrine values (226 vs. 286), were more likely to have a positive family history of JHS (35[percnt] vs. 0[percnt]), and were more likely to have laboratory evidence of a mast cell activation disorder (27[percnt] vs. 0[percnt]). Conclusions: JHS was present in 63[percnt] of POTS patients in this cohort and when compared with POTS patients without JHS was associated with greater symptom duration, lower supine norepinephrine values, and mast cell activation disorder. Disclosure: Dr. Goodman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hoffman-Snyder has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dhawan has nothing to disclose.
Treatment of neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with various estrogenic agents cause differential effects on D2-like and ER receptor sub-type gene expression.

B83 Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), a class of drugs that mimic or counteract the estrogenic effects. Tamoxifen is also a common chemotherapeutic treatment for ER-positive breast cancer. However, difficulty with some mental functions after chemotherapy, often referred to as "chemo brain" is a common side-effect (i.e. problems include memory and learning, attention and concentration, language and judging spaces and layout when moving about). Therefore, determination of any neuromodulatory events associated with treatment is necessary. . A characteristic that distinguishes SERMs from receptor agonists and antagonists is that their action is different for various tissues, thereby granting the possibility to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogenic action via activation of estrogen receptor (ER) sub-types ER alpha and/or ER beta. (Ohmichi et al. , 2005) D2 - like dopamine receptors participate directly or indirectly with many of the problems associated with chemo brain. Therefore, this study begins to understand the underlying mechanisms that may lead to gene expression changes in the brain during chemotherapy. Treatment of the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y with, 17beta - estradiol (E2), Tamoxifen (Tam) and the GlaxoSmithKline SERM, GSK653580A (GSK SERM; a gift from Dave Jones of GlaxoSmithKline, RTP, NC) for 24 hours. Analysis of isolated total RNA via real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated the following changes in gene expression pattern of D2-like dopamine and ER receptor sub-types: 1) at 10 -9 M, E2 represses gene expression for D 2 dopamine, D 4 dopamine and both ER sub-types; 2) Tam causes significant increases in the gene expression of the D 2 dopamine receptor sub-type but no significant changes occurred for D 4 dopamine, ER alpha or ER beta receptors; and 3) while GSK-SERM caused increases in ER beta gene expression, but minimal dose-dependent response of D2 dopamine receptor, D4 dopamine receptor or ER alpha receptor subtypes. With all treatments, D3 dopamine receptor was undetected. Therefore, these results suggest that SERMs differentially affect gene expression in the brain.