cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ELECTRONIC DENSITY OF STATES OF ALXGA1-XAS

Utilisation de la methode de recursion avec un modele empirique de la liaison forte, pour calculer la densite d'etats de Al x Ga 1−x As en fonction de la concentration de Al, x. On rend compte du desordre compositionnel dans ce systeme en termes des elements diagonaux et non diagonaux de l'Hamiltonien de la liaison forte. Comparaison des resultats avec ceux des autres methodes ainsi qu'avec les resultats experimentaux
Gadolinium-enhanced MR of the postoperative internal auditory canal following acoustic neuroma resection via the middle fossa approach.

PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of gadolinium-enhanced MR in detecting recurrent tumor in patients whose acoustic neuromas were surgically removed via the middle cranial fossa approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS Postoperative gadolinium-enhanced exams of 13 of 44 patients who underwent excision of acoustic neuromas via the middle cranial fossa approach were reviewed. RESULTS Postoperative enhancement was seen in 12 of the 13 patients; two patients underwent serial exams without significant change. On the basis of a single exam, we were unable to conclusively differentiate postoperative enhancement from residual or recurrent tumor. CONCLUSIONS A single exam is of limited value. Serial studies are recommended to identify changes that would indicate tumor growth. A proposed MR follow-up schedule is an initial baseline exam within 2 months of surgery and a repeat exam during the second postoperative year.
Explaining Cross-National Variation in Government Adoption of New Technologies

New information and communication technologies provide governments with opportunities to deliver public services more effectively to their citizens. But we know little about the reasons for variation in the adoption of these technologies across countries. Using cross-national data on government use of information technologies to reform public service delivery, or eGovernment, I argue that politicians' expectations about the effects of more transparent service delivery on established patterns of rent-seeking play an important role in shaping variation in the character of reforms. I show that the level of preexisting corruption in a country is a robust predictor of eGovernment outcomes, with more corrupt governments less likely than their less corrupt peers to implement high-quality public service reforms using information technology. This finding contrasts with those analyses that emphasize the role of economic conditions or regime type in explaining technological diffusion.
The influence of high C rate pulsed discharge on lithium-ion battery cell degradation

Over the past decade, lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology has advanced beyond the scope of simple consumer electronic devices. Nowadays, LIBS of advanced, high power chemistries are being used as a prime power source for many large scale applications, such as electric automobiles and pulsed power platforms, which require a higher standard of performance. LIB degradation mechanisms have been studied thoroughly for decades in nominal rate cycling applications. The common mechanisms that attribute to cell capacity fade and failure are well documented in these cases. However, recent studies into cells cycled at rates above five times their nominal capacity rate show that some degradation mechanisms become more favorable than others. In some extreme cases, cell failure can occur abruptly during ultrahigh rate pulsed discharged cells as a result of accelerated degradation phenomenon occurring at the surface of the cell electrode materials. In the work presented here, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells have been cycled at 15C with a pulsed discharge profile and the results show unique capacity fade when compared to previously published studies. An abrupt decrease in the usable capacity fade occurs within forty cycles of high rate operation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that there is a separation in the EIS spectrum over the lifetime of the cell indicating a dominant failure mechanism which is responsible for failure. Electron micrographs of the electrodes surfaces show large SEI buildup on the surface of the graphite anode. However, the buildup is uneven across the length of the roll with the bulk of the growth occurring on the material near the cell core. Areas of graphite anode near the edge of the cell show far less growth and contain small areas that are relatively unaffected by solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer buildup. Overall, the evidence further indicates that the previously presented studies on LIB degradation mechanisms is insufficient for characterizing degradation in cells cycled at ultra-high rates with a pulsed discharge profile. These mechanisms must be understood in order to fully understand how these cells will behave and perform when they are used at high pulsed rates in future, compact, high energy, and high pulsed power systems.
Spectrum analysis of eeg changes induced by psychotomimetic agents

Abstract The effects of LSD, mescaline, harmine, phencyclidine, bufotenine, bulbocapnine and Brom-LSD on the resting EEG of multiple brain structures have been studied by spectral analysis methods. All the hallucinogenic compounds tested produced changes in the electrical activity of the amygdaloid complex. Alterations in other structures were also noted but appeared to be drug-specific. It is proposed that the limbic system, especially the amygdaloid complex, is an important site of action of hallucinogens.
The effect of fatty acid exposure on the biosynthesis of glycerolipids by cultured hepatocytes

Incubation of hepatocyte monolayers with oleate or palmitate (1.0 mM) for 2-48 h, increased (20 to 80%) the incorporation of [1,3-14C]glycerol and palmitate into triacyglycerol but not phosphatidylcholine. The effect of fatty acids on liver cell triacylglycerol formation correlated well (r = 0.990) with a simultaneous rise (2-4-fold) in phosphatidate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) activity. Phosphatidate phosphatase activity and triacylglycerol biosynthesis are also increased (2-fold) after hepatocyte monolayers are incubated for 24 h with cyclic GMP in the absence of fatty acids. Fatty acid-dependent increases in liver cell triacylglycerol formation and phosphatidate phosphatase activity are not blocked by cycloheximide. Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was also elevated in homogenates of liver cells exposed (24-48 h) to 1.0 mM oleate when exogenous CDPcholine was added to the incubation mixture. Apparently, the phosphatidate phosphatase-dependent rise in diacylglycerols that occurs after fatty acid exposure is primarily shunted into triacylglycerols because liver cell CDPcholine content is not correspondingly increased, and high levels of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) and fatty acyl-CoA derivatives are present.
Thin client architecture in support of remote radiology learning

We implemented a system for remote radiology learning which provides immediate feedback to the learner. Using a thin remote client, expert readers are asked to answer questions about specified radiological findings. These scans are presented as realtime 2D and 3D presentations which allow the user to freely manipulate them using a thin Java client with all 3D rendering performed on the server side. Answers are stored on the server and are used to provide feedback to learners who are presented with the same questions, using the remote client. Learners can practice on real datasets while receiving immediate feedback on their diagnosis and measurements. Novel concepts introduced are (1) the use of server-side rendering in radiology learning, (2) providing immediate and specific feedback to trainees, (3) the ability to provide useful feedback when a definitive gold standard does not exist and (4) a thin, highly compatible client that runs on common, existing hardware which allows to have more people participating in very complex radiological evaluations, even if there are not at the same site.
Glucocorticoid receptor knock down reveals a similar apoptotic threshold but differing gene regulation patterns in T-cell and pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used in combination therapy for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In T-cell (CEM-C7) and pre-B-cell (697) ALL cell lines, dexamethasone (Dex) treatment causes an auto-upregulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA transcripts and protein. We hypothesized that there is a threshold level of GR transcripts/protein needed for cells to respond to the apoptosis-inducing effects of hormone. GR knock down using a doxycycline-controllable shRNAmir indicated that the apoptotic response changes from sensitive to resistant with changing GR levels. Titration of the 697 cell GR to equal that of the CEM-C7 T-cell ALL line caused a shift in sensitivity to that seen in CEM-C7 cells. While the same level of GR is required to trigger apoptosis in both T-cell and pre-B-cell ALL lineages, similarities and differences were observed for the regulation of target genes in these lineages. These preliminary gene regulation patterns may lead to the development of a molecular signature for GC-sensitive and GC-resistant leukemia cells.
Learning of abstract responses by process and reactive schizophrenic patients.

20 male patients rated as process schizophrenics were compared with 20 reactive schizophrenics and 20 non-psychiatric patients on a learning task designed to elicit increasing numbers of abstract responses. Only the process group did not manifest significant learning under the conditions of the study. Reactive schizophrenics and normals learned to respond more abstractly and there was no significant difference in over-all learning between these two groups. Results support the meaningfulness of the process-reactive distinction.
In vitro Cytocidal Effect of L-Glutaminase on Leukaemic Lymphocytes

MOUSE lymphomas, such as 6C3HED, undergo complete regression after one or more injections of L-asparaginase1, and remissions have been reported in some patients with acute leukaemia after treatment with L-asparaginase2–4. Roberts et al.5 found that purified bacterial L-glutaminase inhibited the growth of Ehrlich mouse carcinoma. Before considering this enzyme for therapeutic studies in man, it is necessary to study in vitro effects of the enzyme on human blood cells. Previous work6 demonstrated that the cells of 6C3HED lymphoma do not survive incubation with very low concentrations of L-asparaginase (1.7 mIU/ml.), while the cells of the in vivo resistant variant of 6C3HED were not killed by 170 mIU of enzyme/ml. The blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were found to be more sensitive than normal lymphocytes to incubation with 170 mIU of L-asparaginase/ml. but not as sensitive as 6C3HED mouse lymphoma which responds in vivo to the enzyme. In this study, the slide chamber method7 was used to compare the sensitivity of normal and leukaemic lymphocytes to glutaminase.
"Advocacy, Gender and Reputation; a Motivational Framework for Creativity in Negotiations"

We explore the connection between creativity and negotiations and the underlying conditions and mechanisms that influence the contexts that lead to higher creativity, and consequently optimal outco...
Modulation of brain connectivity by memory load in a working memory network

Cognition is the product of activation of billions of neurons and their timely interactions. While the activity of individual neurons is essential for proper functioning of the brain, the communication among them is arguably more vital. Previous studies of brain connectivity have largely focused on investigating causality across the brain in order to reveal the existing communication channels that form its internal networks. However, little is known about how these neuronal pathways respond to task demands with varying degrees of complexity. Towards understanding the pathways of information flow, we investigated the effect of memory load on network connectivity of brain. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify brain areas, active during a working memory task, whose activations co-varied with memory load. An information theoretic metric called transfer entropy was adopted to examine the directed links across these areas. Empirical results suggest that the information flow rate across a primary working memory network is modulated by memory load. Furthermore, it was observed that the information flow is affected in pathways with opposite direction during encoding and maintenance stages of working memory operation.
Structural analysis of the Silurian-Devonian rocks of the Royalton area, Vermont

Structural analysis of Silurian-Devonian schists of the Waits River and Gile Mountain Formations in the Royalton area, Vermont, provides clear evidence of three Acadian deformational phases and polymetamorphism. Structurally, the Royalton area lies within the Connecticut Valley–Gaspe synclinorium. The Gile Mountain Rocks are part of the western band of the formation, which has its southern termination in the study area and extends northward to join the eastern band around the northern end of the calcareous Waits River Formation of the Strafford-Willoughby arch. The earliest deformation (D 1 ), is recognized by a pervasive schistosity (S 1 ) generally parallel to bedding (S 0 ) and by rarely identified folds (F 1 ). The second deformation (D 2 ) has left the most widespread imprint, with an S 2 cleavage or schistosity and open to moderately flattened folds (F 2 ) in schistosity, parallel to bedding (S 0 /S 1 ). Least easily recognized is the third deformation (D 3 ), with sparse open folds in S 2 . The western band of the Gile Mountain Formation is interpreted as the westward- and downward-facing nose — the Royalton synform — of a large D 1 recumbent fold — the eastern Vermont nappe. D 2 structures have generally been regarded as synchronous with and genetically related to formation of domes and the Strafford-Willoughby arch. However, the D 2 structures are interpreted here as pre-doming, with D 3 structures related to the doming deforming them. Compressive buckling and variable flattening imposed during D 2 upon a variably oriented S 0 /S 1 may have been the result of emplacement of higher nappes (now removed by erosion), which increased the depth of burial promoting prograde metamorphism.
Role of CD154 in the secondary immune response: the reduction of pre-existing splenic germinal centers and anti-factor VIII inhibitor titer.

Using the murine model of hemophilia A, we have examined the role of CD154 in the secondary immune response to factor VIII (FVIII). We previously reported that repeated i.v. injection of FVIII in hemophilia A mice induces a T cell-dependent anti-FVIII antibody formation. Herein, blocking of CD154 by a monoclonal antibody in FVIII-primed hemophilia A mice resulted in the disappearance of pre-existing spleen germinal centers (GC) in the white pulp within 24 h of treatment. Moreover, further expansion of GC in response to FVIII challenge was completely inhibited. In parallel, anti-FVIII antibody titers were markedly reduced and T cell responses to FVIII were abolished. The rapid disappearance of the GC after anti-CD154 treatment was not accompanied by increased B cell apoptosis; instead B cells accumulated in the peripheral zone of the splenic white pulp. Interestingly, repeated exposure to FVIII with anti-CD154 antibody administration blocked anti-FVIII antibody formation but failed to induce long-lasting unresponsiveness. Our data demonstrate that the CD40-CD154 interaction is critical for B cell homeostasis and the secondary immune response to FVIII. For potential clinical application, the data also suggest that therapies targeting the CD154 molecule may be useful for the treatment of high titer FVIII inhibitors in hemophilia A.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in a hepatoma cell line: preliminary evidence for negative genetic control.

A line of cells, positive for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, has been separated from a negative parental stock derived from the H4-II-E-C3 rat hepatoma line. Cytogenetic analyses showed specific marker chromosomes of the parent line were present in the variant. On the other hand, cells of the variant line contained three chromosomes less, on the average, than the total present in parent cells. Karyotypic analyses indicated the diminution in chromosome numbers to be in the subacrocentric group. The appearance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase associated with loss of chromosomes suggests this enzyme is suppressed or under negative control in the parental stock. The consistent loss of chromosomes of the subacrocentric group suggests that the locus bearing regulatory activity is in this specific group.
Study of subsonic base cavity flowfield structure using particle image velocimetry

A new particle image velocimetry system has been used to study the near-wake structure of a two-dimensional base in subsonic flow to determine the fluid dynamic mechanisms of observed base drag reduction in the presence of a base cavity. Experiments were done over a range of freestream Mach numbers up to 0.8, including local flowfield velocities over 300 m/s. Effects of the base cavity on the von Karman vortex street wake were found to be related to the expansion and diffusion of vortices near the cavity, although the effects are of small magnitude and no significant change in the vortex formation location or path was observed. The base cavity effects are also less significant at higher freestream velocities due to the formation of vortices further downstream from the base. The base cavity drag reduction was found to be mainly due to the displacement of the base surface to a location upstream of the low-pressure wake vortices, with only a slight modification in the vortex street itself.
Mirex-induced fetal cataracts: Lens growth, histology and cation balance, and relationship to edema

The effects of mirex on growth, histology, and K+ and Na+ concentrations of the fetal lens are examined. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were intubated with 6 mg/kg/day mirex in peanut oil on days 8-15 of gestation. Control dams received pure peanut oil. Fetuses were removed on days 18-21 and rated for extent of lens opacification and degree of edema. Lenses were removed, weighed, and assayed for K+ and Na+. Selected eyes were examined histologically. Cataracts were found in 49.6% of live treated fetuses on day 20, and the incidence and severity of cataracts were both correlated with the degree of fetal edema. Lens weights were reduced in treated litters whether or not cataracts occurred, but the reduction in cataractous lenses was greater. Sodium tended to be elevated and K+ reduced in lenses from treated fetuses, and the K+/Na+ ratio was significantly reduced in all treated groups. Histologically, treated lenses had swollen fibers on day 18 and areas of apparent cell breakdown by day 20. The swollen lens fibers, reduced K+/Na+ ratios and the correlation with edema suggest that fetal cataracts induced by mirex may be due to lens fiber cell breakdown subsequent to osmotic swelling.
Effects of freshwater petroleum contamination on amphibian hatching and metamorphosis

This study examined the effects of freshwater petroleum contamination on amphibian reproduction The primary objectives were to assess the potential environmental and physiological impacts of runoff petroleum products on amphibians, using the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) as a target species and engine crankcase oil as a contaminant Egg hatching success, tadpole growth, and successful metamorphosis were measured in four concentrations of oil The effects of oil on food source was also studied Hatching success was not measurably influenced by the presence of oil Tadpole and alga growth were negatively associated with the presence of oil No tadpoles from the high concentration of oil treatments successfully metamorphosed
Quantum effects and glass-like behavior in ferroelectric oxides☆

Abstract Quantum fluctuations, or zero-point motions, can strongly influence the low temperature response of a system near a structural phase transition. Among the manifestations of quantum fluctuations at ferroelectric phase transitions are different critical exponents, the suppression of the transition temperature, T c , below its classical value and the development of a quantum paraelectric state. To study these quantum effects as well as the crossover from the classical to the quantum regime, it is necessary to shift T c continuously from high to low temperatures. Hydrostatic pressure is an excellent variable for doing so. Results on the mixed oxides K 1− y Na y TaO 3 and KTa 1− x Nb x O 3 for fixed y and x will be summarized and discussed to illustrate some of the essential features. Some of these mixed oxides, as well as simpler oxides, exhibit short-range dipolar correlations and glass-like responses. An important current debate is centered around the question of whether or not the low temperature phase of these systems results from the freezing in of short-range order. Results on KTa 1− x Nb x O 3 oxides will be discussed and contrasted with other oxides. A novel pressure-induced crossover from normal ferroelectric ordering to dipolar glass behavior in soft TO mode systems with dilute impurities will be discussed, and possible experimental evidence for such a phenomenon will be presented.
Nonparametric estimation of the transformation in the transform-both-sides regression model

Abstract The transform-both-sides (TBS) regression model developed by Carroll and Ruppert is applicable when the relationship between the median response and the independent variables has been identified. Several different families of transformations, such as the Box-Cox power family, have been considered in the parametric approach to this model. In this article, we propose a nonparametric estimator of the transformation in the TBS model allowing general smooth monotonic transformations. Asymptotic properties of this estimator are discussed.
Optimization of extraction of phenolic acids from a vegetable waste product using a pressurized liquid extractor

Abstract This study identified the phenolic acids in potato peels, tuber, and developed an optimized method for extraction of phenolic acids from potato peels using a pressurized liquid extractor (PLE). Caffeoylquinic acid isomers were the predominant phenolic acids present in potato peels as identified by HPLC and LC–MS analysis. The phenolic acids extracted from potato peels were over tenfold higher than that of the tubers. A variety of PLE parameters were investigated to optimize the extraction conditions. The results indicated that the optimum yields of phenolic acids from the potato peels were extracted with methanol/water (90:10, v/v) at 160 °C with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 250 mg with 20 mL of solvent using a pressurized liquid extractor. Although static time variations (5–15 min), pressure (500–2000 psi), and flush volume (10–100%) variations did not significantly improve the extraction yields of phenolic acids, optimization of the above three parameters will result in significant reduction of the resources used and waste generated, thereby impacting the overall operation cost. The results presented in this manuscript suggest that optimization of extraction parameters is critical for accurate quantification of phytochemicals present in foods and other plant based products.
The green cube: an arcadian site for minimalism at Storm King

In an article that reads more like a manifesto, ‘A sedimentation of the mind: earth projects’, published in Artforum in September 1968, the artist Robert Smithson contrasted the work of his contemp...
A simple model for interfacial phase growth in metal matrix composites

Abstract The time dependence for a reinforcement-matrix interfacial layer (RMIL) growth in most metal matrix composites (MMCs) is often not t 1/2 ( t denoting time) as described by Fick's law. Moreover, the RMIL thickness ( h ) versus t 1/2 could exhibit multiple-stage responses; more precisely, the entire growth is controlled by t m with variable m . In this paper, a diffusion model, which accounts species loss from chemical reactions, is proposed to characterize the RMIL growth. The resulting relationship between the thickness and time is very simple: h=a ln (bt+c). The three parameters all have a physical meaning and can be easily calibrated. The model is validated with the existing experimental results from seven different MMC systems.
Beyond classical thermodynamics: grain growth

This article aims to explain why classical thermodynamics is insufficient in macroscopic modeling of solids. Polycrystal grain growth is used as an illustrative example.
Historical change and cognitive change: A two‐decade follow‐up study in Zinacantan, a Maya community in Chiapas, Mexico

(1999). Historical change and cognitive change: A two‐decade follow‐up study in Zinacantan, a Maya community in Chiapas, Mexico. Mind, Culture, and Activity: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 92-108.
Small doses of morphine enhance voluntary intake of a solution of only ethanol and water

Rats, subsequent to having an extensive history of intake of alcoholic beverages, were placed on a schedule of water deprivation. Each day, they were given a 2-h opportunity to take either a 6% solution of ethanol (6 g of ethanol and 94 g of tap water for each 100 g of fluid) or water. Across daily opportunities, intakes of the ethanol solution and water stabilized, with rats taking about 1.0 g/kg of ethanol. Then, immediately prior to some sessions, rats were given injections of either placebo, or 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg morphine. On days of administration of morphine, rats took considerably more ethanol than on days of placebo administration, with a mean increment of about 0.9 g/kg. This finding supports results of similar experiments and lends credence to the idea that differential functioning of endogenous opioid systems may be a salient feature of differential intake of alcoholic beverages.
Hydrational Control of ETS-Family Transcription Factors: A Possible Resolution of the ``Specificity Conundrum''

The ETS family of transcription factors is widely distributed among the metazoan phyla and regulates the expression of a wide range of genes. Despite their functional diversity, all ETS proteins share a structurally conserved DNA-binding (or ETS) domain. Given the highly overlapping sequence preferences among ETS members, it is as yet unclear how ETS proteins achieve functional specificity, a problem known as the “specificity conundrum.” Compounding this problem is a current lack of understanding of the biophysical mechanism of sequence selectivity among ETS binding sites. We hypothesize that the structural conservation among ETS domains disguises physicochemical heterogeneity in their mechanisms of sequence recognition. We have previously demonstrated that the ETS-family member PU.1 (Spi-1) recruits a cooperative network of water-mediated contacts along the protein-DNA interface for high-affinity binding. We have now compared the thermodynamics and kinetics of sequence recognition between the ETS domains of PU.1 and ETS1 which represent extremes of sequence divergence (∼30% homology) in the ETS family. We found that the thermodynamics and kinetics between the two structurally conserved ETS domains are highly differentiated under physiological conditions. More precisely, whereas high-affinity PU.1 ETS-DNA binding is enthalpically driven against an entropic penalty, ETS1 ETS-DNA binding is entropically driven. Kinetically, whereas ETS1 ETS associates rapidly with a high-affinity cognate site (ka > 107 M−1 s−1), PU.1 ETS is strikingly slow (ka ∼104 M−1 s−1). This profound difference in association rate constants means that the high-affinity PU.1 ETS-DNA complex, despite being somewhat thermodynamically less stable than the corresponding complex with ETS1, is significantly longer-lived. If these differences that underlie the intrinsic heterogeneity in site recognition by ETS proteins extend to protein-protein and domain-domain interactions, they offer one potential biophysical resolution to the specificity conundrum.
Structural Characterization of Pu[N(SiMe3)2]3, a Synthetically Useful Nonaqueous Plutonium(III) Precursor

A rare, and synthetically versatile, nonaqueous plutonium complex, Pu[N(SiMe3)2]3 (1), has been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the first time and reveals significantly shorter agostic interactions compared to the cerium(III) analogue, indicating possible covalency differences.
Evaluation of an Innovative Methodology to Recruit Research Participants With Spinal Cord Injury Through Durable Medical Equipment Suppliers

Abstract Krahn G, McCarthy M, Westwood D, Powers L. Evaluation of an innovative methodology to recruit research participants with spinal cord injury through durable medical equipment suppliers. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness, strengths, and limitations of an innovative research method to recruit persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design A pilot study for feasibility. Setting Community-based durable medical equipment suppliers (DMESs) in the states of Oregon, Washington, and New York. Participants Three DMESs participated and successfully distributed surveys to 591 customers with International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision , codes reflecting SCI. Of these, 316 people completed surveys, with 270 identifying SCI among their disabling conditions. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The effort required to solicit recruitment assistance from DMESs, survey response rate, verification of SCI by self-report, and comparability of sample demographics to those of other SCI research samples from both the United States and other countries. Results A moderate level of effort was required to solicit recruitment assistance from DMESs. The survey had a 53% response rate, and 85% of respondents verified that they had an SCI by self-report. Sample demographics were generally similar to those of comparable research samples but with more single and unemployed persons responding and with longer duration of SCI. Conclusions This method of recruitment has the potential to address limitations of other recruitment methods but presents its own challenges with implementation. Potential sampling bias is discussed.
ALLHAT says diuretics are better; ANBP2 says ACEs are better: Can we resolve the differences?

The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) and the second Australian National Blood Pressure Study (ANBP2) came to different conclusions about which class of drug to try first for treating high blood pressure: a diuretic or an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. But when examined closely, the results may not be all that different after all.
Effect of O(2')-methylation on the stability of polynucleotide helices.

The effect of ribose(O2')-methylation on the stability of (O2')-methylated polyribonucleotide helices has been studied by conformational energy calculations. The preferred orientation of the methyl group is found to further stabilize the helical phosphodiester conformation (g - ,g - ) due to the enhanced short-range interactions arising between the methyl groups and the adjacent ribose moieties. The experimentally observed increase in melting temperature of (O2')-alkylated polyribonucleotides is thus attributable to the enhanced stability of the helical backbone conformation.
Toward University-Industry Collaboration in Central New York

The establishment of new collaborative relationships between universities and industry, specifically the recent creation of centers for collaborative research at universities, is motivated by changes in federal policy for research funding. The Center for Advanced Technology in Computer Applications and Software Engineering (CASE Center) at Syracuse University was established under a new New York State program that reflects those changes. The Center is a consortium of 16 academic institutions in central New York pursuing complementary goals in research, education, and regional economic development. This paper describes the CASE Center and its interaction with industry, government, and universities.
Hyperbolic Variational Inequality of the Third Order with Variable Exponent of Nonlinearity

In Sobolev spaces with variable exponent, we consider the problem for a semilinear hyperbolic variational inequality of the third order. We establish conditions for the existence of a solution u of this problem such that u ∈ L ∞((0, T); V 1,0(Ω)), u t ∈ L ∞((0, T); V 1,0(Ω)) ∩ L p(x)(Q T ), and u tt ∈ L ∞((0, T); L 2(Ω)), where V 1,0(Ω) ⊂ H 1(Ω).
The Dielectric Properties of Aqueous Nucleic Acid Solutions

The dielectric properties of aqueous solutions of the sodium salts of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid have been determined. The general pattern of behaviour observed for other aqueous polyelectrolyte systems has been verified in these studies. There are indications that a low frequency dispersion region (below 2 Mc/s) is present as well as the normal high frequency dispersion region. The theoretical interpretation of the experimental results makes use of the O'Konski theory of ionic polarization and the formulation of an equilibrium between counterions 'non-specifically bound' and 'free' from the electrostatic field of the polyion. Calculations are made on the basis of this theory and estimates of the values of the specific conductivities existing at the polyion surface are made.
Thiamine-responsive inborn errors of metabolism

Three different inherited disorders are known in which thiamine may exert a beneficial effect: maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), lactic acidaemia and the syndrome of megaloblastic anaemia with sensorineural deafness and diabetes mellitus. The amounts of thiamine which were used for long-term treatment varied from 20 to 2400mg day‒1. Additional treatment, such as the reduction of dietary branched chain amino acids in MSUD, could not be omitted in some cases. It has been shown that the vitamin improves the stability of the branched chain ketoacid decarboxylase, although some weeks may be needed to observe the in vivo effect of treatment. A prolonged trial with high doses of thiamine should always be given.
The multimodal GUI: developing auditory cues as tools for performance and usability

Designers who use sound in the computer interface must do so judiciously. The inclusion of auditory cues within an interface should be a mechanism for the improvement of task performance and the facilitation of usability. Gaver [6] and Blattner [1] have demonstrated the utility of auditory cues in communicating information to users. The usage of "spatially-enhanced" speech and nonspeech elements could provide an additional source of data that might help or hurt performance. The usefulness of an auditory cue could be linked to acoustical parameters, spatialization, and task type. The proposed study will assess the improvement of user performance for various types of auditory cues as applied to spatial and verbal computer tasks. These results will be important to multimedia developers who want to create software that facilitates user acceptance or the quality of user performance.
Structural performance of composite material for a slotted waveguide antenna stiffened structure under compression

Abstract The Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structure (SWASS) is an aircraft system that can provide the capabilities of a stiffened panel skin structure and a slotted waveguide radar antenna simultaneously. The system is designed for integration into the fuselage or wing sections of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft and would increase the system performance through the availability of increased area and decreased system weight. Elemental parts of the SWASS structure were tested in compression after preliminary testing was completed for material characterization. Testing included finite element stress and strain field characterization of seven single slot configurations, and results showed the longitudinal 90° slot was the best structural slot by about 30% in terms of maximum von Mises stress. Single waveguides were tested in the non-slotted configuration and a configuration including a five longitudinal slot array in one waveguide wall. The slot array, compared with the unslotted configuration, was determined to have a decrease in nonlinear limit load of 8% using the finite element simulations and 14% using the experimental results and showed good comparisons overall. All waveguides showed the characteristics of local wall buckling with no overall beam buckling.
Lifetime-limiting Strength Degradation from Contact Fatigue in Dental Ceramics

The hypothesis under examination in this paper is that the lifetimes of dental restorations are limited by the accumulation of contact damage during oral function; and, moreover, that strengths of dental ceramics are significantly lower after multi-cycle loading than after single-cycle loading. Accordingly, indentation damage and associated strength degradation from multi-cycle contacts with spherical indenters in water are evaluated in four dental ceramics: "aesthetic" ceramics-porcelain and micaceous glass-ceramic (MGC), and "structural" ceramics-glass-infiltrated alumina and yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP). At large numbers of contact cycles, all materials show an abrupt transition in damage mode, consisting of strongly enhanced damage inside the contact area and attendant initiation of radial cracks outside. This transition in damage mode is not observed in comparative static loading tests, attesting to a strong mechanical component in the fatigue mechanism. Radial cracks, once formed, lead to rapid degradation in strength properties, signaling the end of the useful lifetime of the material. Strength degradation from multi-cycle contacts is examined in the test materials, after indentation at loads from 200 to 3000 N up to 10(6) cycles. Degradation occurs in the porcelain and MGC after approximately 10(4) cycles at loads as low as 200 N; comparable degradation in the alumina and Y-TZP requires loads higher than 500 N, well above the clinically significant range.
A method for determining reaction paths in large molecules: application to myoglobin

Abstract An algorithm is described for determining reaction paths between two known structures with many degrees of freedom. The method uses first-derivative techniques to optimize the entire path between the two end forms subject to certain constraints. The stability and convergence properties of the method are illustrated by applications to structural transitions in two test systems (cyclohexane and dialanine) and to a conformational change involving all degrees of freedom in the protein, myoglobin, with 1531 atoms.
Some solid state properties of enantiomers and their racemates

Abstract Heats of sublimation and fusion for l and dl-menthol, d and dl-carvoxime and d and dl-dimethyl tartrate were measured. Values of 22.9, 18.8, 21.7, 24.3, 18.5 and 26.9 kcal mole and 18.2, 15.7, 24.3, 30.9, 23.3 and 36.2 cal g were obtained for heats of sublimation and fusion respectively. Heats of sublimation are believed known to ±5% while heats of fusion are believed qualitatively correct. Generally good agreement was observed with literature values when available. Higher heats of fusion and sublimation are observed for the enantiomer or racemate with the higher fusion temperature. Correlation of these physical properties with the phase diagram for fusion and solubility suggest that differences in the temperature dependence of vapor pressure and solubility might be useful diagnostic tests for discontinuities in molecular packing and phase behavior in the solid state. Prediction of the temperature where racemic mixture to conglomerate transitions occur would be extremely useful for resolving racemates.
Accuracy of an infrared LED device to measure heart rate and energy expenditure during rest and exercise.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the ePulse Personal Fitness Assistant, a forearm-worn device that provides measures of heart rate and estimates energy expenditure. Forty-six participants engaged in 4-minute periods of standing, 2.0 mph walking, 3.5 mph walking, 4.5 mph jogging, and 6.0 mph running. Heart rate and energy expenditure were simultaneously recorded at 60-second intervals using the ePulse, an electrocardiogram (EKG), and indirect calorimetry. The heart rates obtained from the ePulse were highly correlated (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] ≥0.85) with those from the EKG during all conditions. The typical errors progressively increased with increasing exercise intensity but were <5 bpm only during rest and 2.0 mph. Energy expenditure from the ePulse was poorly correlated with indirect calorimetry (ICCs: 0.01–0.36) and the typical errors for energy expenditure ranged from 0.69–2.97 kcal · min−1, progressively increasing with exercise intensity. These dat...
Polyether polyurethane delivery systems. I. Evaluation of monolithic systems for N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine

Abstract The nucleoside, N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine (IPA) is reported to have inhibitory and cytotoxic properties against several types of cancer cells. The efficacy of this potent antileukemic agent is diminished by rapid enzymatic degradation in the body. In an effort to optimize the release properties of IPA, the drug was incorporated in polymeric delivery systems. Polyether-polyurethane was the polymer of choice because of its hydrophilic-hydrophobic character. Release studies from monolithic devices revealed linear relationships when the cumulative amount of IPA was plotted against the square root of time. IPA release from devices (1.12 mm thick) showed presence of lag time. In vitro L1210 cell culture studies showed that the IPA-polyether polyurethane devices maintained effective drug concentrations for ca. 100 h. Compared to conventional solutions, the polymeric system was more effective in controlling cell proliferation. Almost total cell death occurred when IPA was released at controlled rates due to increased contact time. Results of this study indicate that effective in-vitro antileukemic activity was obtained by the prepared polymeric system.
GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL AID TO SMALL BUSINESS: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

OUT OF THE WELTER of suggestions, solutions, and proposed legislation concerning the problem of small business financing in recent years certain concrete plans have been set forth which deserve very careful attention. The American Finance Association is fortunate in having authoritative experts in various fields discuss some of these plans in a clear and unemotional fashion. The basic problem is of course to devise some method whereby the small business concern can overcome the known hazards of high-cost credit, lack of access to the capital markets, or access at a high cost of flotation in its search for long-term funds at reasonable rates, with emphasis on equity capital, without giving up its traditional independence and incentive. In his excellent paper Dr. Schmidt notes the importance of considering an institutional source that will not only help to fill the capital gap but will provide the equally important managerial and technical assistance. This proposed source is an investment or capital bank financed with sufficient private funds to provide adequate investigation and diversification. Such a company would be dependent on the co-operation and support of commercial banks which would provide the contact with firms needing long-term financing and serve as screening agencies. Prototypes are found in the Industrial Development Bank (Canada) and the Industrial and Commercial Finance Corporation, Ltd. (Great Britain). If private funds are not forthcoming, Schmidt believes that quasi-governmental national investment companies under the sponsorship and initial financial support of the Federal Reserve Banks (together with commercial banks, other institutions, and individuals) should be set up on a pilot plant basis. It is this plan for capital or investment banks that is stressed by Dr. Kaplan, whose study for the CED, Small Business: Its Place and Problems, has provided us with such an excellent statement of the whole small, business problem. Dr. Kaplan notes the alternatives of (i) tough private investors turning down the vast majority of applications for financial aid and (2) objectionable direct federal financing with its danger of subsidy and support of the unhealthy. He recom-
Evaluating the Form of the Rational Equation

AbstractThe Rational method is widely used in the design of hydraulic structures, such as storm sewers and culverts. Many engineers consider the Rational equation a rule-of-thumb method and dismiss it in favor of regional flood-frequency equations. This paper presents a regional flood-frequency analysis of 72 gaged watersheds in Kansas, ranging in size from 0.44–76.7 km2. The analysis results in regression equations for the 2-year to 100-year peak discharges that are statistically indistinguishable from the Rational equation. The resulting Rational equations explain more of the variance in flood quantiles than the standard form of the USGS regional flood-frequency equations that are used in Kansas.
Control of myocyte remodeling in vitro with engineered substrates

Tissue microenvironments can regulate cell behavior by imposing physical restrictions on their geometry and size. An example of these phenomena is cardiac morphogenesis, where morphometric changes in the heart are concurrent with changes in the size, shape, and cytoskeleton of ventricular myocytes. In this study, we asked how myocytes adapt their size, shape, and intracellular architecture when spatially confined in vitro. To answer this question, we used microcontact printing to physically constrain neonatal rat ventricular myocytes on fibronectin islands in culture. The myocytes spread and assumed the shape of the islands and reorganized their cytoskeleton in response to the geometric cues in the extracellular matrix. Cytoskeletal architecture is variable, where myocytes cultured on rectangular islands of lower aspect ratios (length to width ratio) were observed to assemble a multiaxial myofibrillar arrangement; myocytes cultured on rectangles of aspect ratios approaching those observed in vivo had a uniaxial orientation of their myofibrils. Using confocal and atomic force microscopy, we made precise measurements of myocyte volume over a range of cell shapes with approximately equal surface areas. When myocytes are cultured on islands of variable shape but the same surface area, their size is conserved despite the changes in cytoskeletal architecture. Our data suggest that the internal cytoskeletal architecture of the cell is dependent on extracellular boundary conditions while overall cell size is not, suggesting a growth control mechanism independent of the cytoskeleton and cell geometry.
Reversal of dexfenfluramine-induced anorexia and c-Fos/c-Jun expression by lesion in the lateral parabrachial nucleus.

Abstract The external subdivision of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBE) shows strong Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) following anorectic doses of the indirect serotonin agonist dexfenfluramine (DFEN). In an effort to determine the contribution of the LPBE to DFEN-induced anorexia, bilateral ibotenate lesions were made in the LPBE, and the effects of the lesion on DFEN-induced anorexia and FLI as well as c-June-like immunoreactivity (JLI) were examined. It was found that LPBE lesion significantly attenuated DFEN anorexia: in a 1-h food intake test following 24-h food deprivation, DFEN (2 mg/kg) suppressed food intake by 60% in intact rats but only 34% in rats with LPBE lesions. In addition to this behavioral change, LPBE lesion completely abolished DFEN-induced FLI and JLI in the lateral subdivision of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeL) and laterodorsal subdivision of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BSTLD), both of which showed strong FLI and JLI in intact rats. DFEN-induced FLI and JLI in other brain regions were not affected by LPBE lesion, including the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus, caudate-putamen, and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). The parallel loss of DFEN-induced anorexia and FLI/JLI following LPBE lesion raises the novel possibility that LPBE-CeL/BSTLD pathway may be involved in DFEN anorexia.