cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effect of Warm-Mix Asphalt Technologies on Moisture Characteristics of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

The effect of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) technologies on the moisture susceptibility of a mixture and the adhesion characteristics of the asphalt binder used in it was evaluated. A 9.5-mm Superpave® mixture designed with performance-grade asphalt PG 64-22 was used as the control mixture. Four types of WMA technologies were evaluated: Advera, Evotherm, Sasobit, and SonneWarmix. The Hamburg wheel-tracking device (HWTD) was used to evaluate the effect of each WMA technology on the moisture susceptibility of the mixture at three aging times and three aging temperatures. A liquid antistrip and hydrated lime were added to any mixture that failed the HWTD to determine if they could correct the failure. Because the moisture susceptibility of a mixture is related to failure in the adhesive bond between the binder and the aggregate, a pulloff test, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, was used to evaluate the impact of the WMA technologies on the adhesion characteristics of the asphalt binder. The HWTD test results in...
Major histocompatibility complex class I antigens expressed on rat trophoblast cells.

: There is controversy about the size of the major histocompatibility complex antigens of trophoblast cells from placenta. There are some reports that the heavy chains of these molecules are smaller (39–43 kd) than those of the classical class I antigens (45–46 kd), while there are others which show that both the light and the heavy forms of class I antigens occur in the trophoblast cells. In order to investigate this problem, we studied the classical class I antigen (RT1.Aa) and the pregnancy-associated class I antigen (Pa) of the rat from 125I-labeled basal trophoblast cells, isolated from the placenta of WF females pregnant by DA males, using very mild conditions. These antigens were compared with those of the syngeneic (DA × DA) trophoblast cells or paternal (DA) lymphocytes by sodiun dodecyl sulfate-polyacry-lamide gel electrophoresis. Both the Aa and Pa antigens, precipitated from the two trophoblast preparations, showed a heavy chain of 46 kd associated with a 12 kd (β2-microglobulin component, as did the same molecules precipitated from the lymphocytes. Heavy chains in the range of 39–43 kd could not be detected in any of the samples. The results suggest that the smaller molecular weight heavy chains are methodological artifacts and could arise from loss of a glycan(s) during isolation.
Completion Time Predictions of Mobile Touch-Screen Interactions in Dual-Task Situations

As the use of touch input in mobile and kiosk devices is becoming more ubiquitous, the validity of human performance models such as Fitts' Law must be investigated to determine whether they still hold in situations where users are performing other tasks while interacting with the device. This paper describes an experiment that explores the effect of split attention on the completion time and accuracy of an interactive touch selection task. It was found that the task completion time, the error rate, and the spatial variability of target selections increased significantly when attention was not solely focused on the interactive task. Consequently, the paper suggests specific guidelines for the design of ubiquitous computing devices used in split attention environments.
Evaluation of the agreement among three handheld blood glucose meters and a laboratory blood analyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)

Objective—To determine the degree of agreement between 3 commercially available point-of-care blood glucose meters and a laboratory analyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentrations in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Animals—20 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Procedures—A 26-gauge needle and 3-mL syringe were used to obtain a blood sample (approx 0.5 mL) from a jugular vein of each parrot. Small volumes of blood (0.6 to 1.5 μL) were used to operate each of the blood glucose meters, and the remainder was placed into lithium heparin microtubes and centrifuged. Plasma was harvested and frozen at −30°C. Within 5 days after collection, plasma samples were thawed and plasma glucose concen-trations were measured by means of the laboratory analyzer. Agreement between pairs of blood glucose meters and between each blood glucose meter and the laboratory analyzer was evaluated by means of the Bland-Altman method, and limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated. Results—None of the resu...
Control of underactuated undulatory locomotor exploiting anti-resonance: A case study

Rhythmic movements in animal locomotion appear to exploit a resonance of the body-environment dynamics to maintain high efficiency. To gain insights into the locomotion mechanism, this paper studies a simple three-link undulatory locomotor model that swims through a single joint torque actuator. We have found that, when the locomotor is driven by a sinusoidal input of a given amplitude, the resulting locomotion speed is maximum when the driving frequency is close to the anti-resonance of the link chain. We then show how the anti-resonance can be exploited in the feedback control based on central pattern generators.
Collider bias in trauma comparative effectiveness research: The stratification blues for systematic reviews

Abstract Background Collider bias, or stratifying data by a covariate consequence rather than cause (confounder) of treatment and outcome, plagues randomised and observational trauma research. Of the seven trials of prehospital hypertonic saline in dextran (HSD) that have been evaluated in systematic reviews, none found an overall between-group difference in survival, but four reported significant subgroup effects. We hypothesised that an avoidable type of collider bias often introduced inadvertently into trauma comparative effectiveness research could explain the incongruous findings. Methods The two most recent HSD trials, a single-site pilot and a multi-site pivotal study, provided data for a secondary analysis to more closely examine the potential for collider bias. The two trials had followed the a priori statistical analysis plan to subgroup patients by a post-randomisation covariate and well-established surrogate for bleeding severity, massive transfusion (MT), ≥10 unit of red blood cells within 24 h of admission. Despite favourable HSD effects in the MT subgroup, opposite effects in the non-transfused subgroup halted the pivotal trial early. In addition to analyzing the data from the two trials, we constructed causal diagrams and performed a meta-analysis of the results from all seven trials to assess the extent to which collider bias could explain null overall effects with subgroup heterogeneity. Results As in previous trials, HSD induced significantly greater increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from prehospital to admission than control crystalloid ( p = 0.003). Proportionately more HSD than control decedents accrued in the non-transfused subgroup, but with paradoxically longer survival. Despite different study populations and a span of over 20 years across the seven trials, the reported mortality effects were consistently null, summary RR = 0.99 ( p = 0.864, homogeneity p = 0.709). Conclusions HSD delayed blood transfusion by modifying standard triggers like SBP with no detectable effect on survival. The reported heterogeneous HSD effects in subgroups can be explained by collider bias that trauma researchers can avoid by improved covariate selection and data capture strategies.
Reactivity of cerebral blood flow to CO 2 in patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks.

Cerebral blood flow and its ability to increase in response to inhalation of 6% CO2 was measured in six patients with a history of transient ischemic attacks in the internal carotid distribution and in ten normal control subjects. Flow was measured with a method which uses time concentration curves made with intravenously injected radioactive indicator and externally placed radiation detectors. It permits measurement of flow, expressed in arbitrary units as a flow index, within the range of a detector placed against the side of the head. Resting flow indices and the increases in flow indices in response to CO2 inhalation did not differ significantly between the TIA patients and the normal control subjects. These results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of TIA, and it is concluded that the preserved CO2 responsiveness of the flow indices in these six patients is in support of the theory that intermittent platelet microembolization is an important cause of TIA.
Behavioral Genetic Investigations of Cognitive Aging

sured lifestyle variables to forms of dementia are discussed. Methods for investigating tertiary aging are presented, including estimating trajectories of change from age at death. The issues that will face future investigators and the quantitative methodologies that will be required to address these issues are also discussed.
Reproducibility of Linear Array for Human Papillomavirus Genotyping

We conducted a Linear Array test/retest analysis using cytologic specimens from 198 women. A total of 67.2% of samples had the same human papillomavirus (HPV) types detected in both tests (type-specific positive agreement was 83.3% overall [Kappa = 0.9] and 86.8% for carcinogenic types [Kappa = 0.92]). Discordance was highest with a low hybridization signal strength. Overall, Linear Array was highly reproducible.
A hybrid architecture for predicting oil slick movement

In this paper, we present a hybrid architecture for an intelligent system that can be used to project oil slick movement. The system under construction has the ability to learn from historical weather data and then to incorporate the learned knowledge into its projection of the future movement of oil slick. It employs probabilistic reasoning to deal with uncertainty in the observed data and weather forecast, neural networks to acquire knowledge from historical data and fuzzy logic to deal with imprecision embedded in the available information. This innovative approach to this highly complicated, but very important and practical issue exemplifies the application of advanced AI techniques to the practical problems. >
Sarcolemmal KATP Channel Triggers Opioid-Induced Delayed Cardioprotection in the Rat

Recently, the involvement of sarcolemmal K ATP (sarcK ATP ) channels in ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning (IPC and PPC) has been minimized by numerous studies suggesting a primary role for mitochondrial K ATP (mitoK ATP ) channels in early and delayed cardioprotection. Although the mitoK ATP channel has clearly been shown to be a distal effector of delayed IPC and PPC, studies implicating it as a trigger of protection in delayed IPC are lacking. Accordingly, we characterized the role of cardiac K ATP channels as triggers or distal effectors of delayed cardioprotection induced by opioids in rats, and the data suggest that the sarcK ATP channel triggers and that the mitoK ATP channel is a distal effector of opioid-induced delayed cardioprotection.
Isotopic Amplification, H/D Exchange, and Other Mass Spectrometric Strategies for Characterization of Biomacromolecular Topology and Binding Sites

Two recently developed techniques combine to extend by an order of magnitude the size of biomacromolecules whose surface exposure and contacts can be mapped by mass spectrometry. First, isotopic amplification of proteins, achieved by expression from growth media doubly-depleted in carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, narrows, amplifies, and shifts the isotopic mass distribution, to identify definitively the „monoisotopic“ species (i. e., the only species with a unique elemental composition), for assignment of molecular weight to within 1 Da for biomolecules up to 80 kDa. Second, H/D exchange in solution, followed by peptic digestion and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry gives a profile of surface accessibility for backbone amide protons. The combination is being applied to individual protein structure and folding and also to topology of surface contacts in non-covalent complexes between two or more proteins. Moreover, a third technique, gas-phase H/D exchange, is shown to provide an extremely sensitive probe of accessibility to solvent of various labile protons in peptides and proteins.
Antigenic and Enzymatic Changes in Infected and Transformed Human Diploid Cells

Human diploid fibroblasts, WI-38, were infected with various agents and the levels of lysosomal enzymes determined by immunochemical quantitation. Esterase levels were raised by mumps virus and Toxoplasma gondii infection. The concentration of β-D-glucuronidase was reduced by these same agents. β-D-N-acetyl glucosaminidase was greatly increased in cultures infected with T, gondii and decreased by mycoplasma infection. Two cultures transformed by SV40 showed reduced levels of esterase compared with WI-38, as did one of two transformed amnion cultures. A second amnion culture and a culture of transformed Detroit 551 fibroblasts were unchanged. The levels of acid phosphatase were sharply reduced in three of the four SV40 transformed cultures tested.
Preserving quality of fresh cut watermelon cubes for vending distribution by low-dose electron beam processing

Abstract Healthy vending is an untapped market that is expected to grow to meet today’s hectic lifestyles. Microbiological safety, quality (shelf-life and sensory attributes), and consumer acceptability are all important factors in determining the success of healthy vending products. The underlying hypothesis was that low dose (∼1 kGy) electron beam (eBeam) processing by itself, or in conjunction with Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), could be exploited for developing fresh produce-based healthy vending items. The experimental objective was to assess the effect low eBeam dose (∼1 kGy) with or without MAP, had on bio-burden levels, sensory attributes and consumer acceptability of watermelon cubes. Electron beam processing had a statistically significant (P
Adverse family experiences during childhood and adolescent obesity

Objective To evaluate the association between adverse family experiences (AFEs) during childhood and adolescent obesity and to determine populations at highest risk for AFEs. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed of the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health, including children aged 10-17 years. Weighted estimates of 31,258,575 children were based on interviews with 42,239 caregivers. Caregiver reports of nine psychosocial risk factors measured AFEs during childhood. Adolescent overweight and obesity were derived by caregiver-reported child height and weight. Results Nearly one-third (30.5%) of children had experienced ≥2 AFEs, with geographic variation by state. The prevalence of obesity among children experiencing ≥2 AFEs was 20.4%, when compared with 12.5% among children with 0 AFEs. Adjusted survey regression models were controlled for child, parent, household, and neighborhood characteristics. Children with ≥2 AFEs in childhood were more likely to have obesity (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.47-2.17; P < 0.001) than those with no AFEs, with Non-Hispanic, White children most affected. Conclusions Adolescents in this national sample who were exposed to greater numbers of AFEs in childhood also had higher rates of overweight and obesity. Geographic variation and differential associations based on race/ethnicity identified children at greatest risk.
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING MAGNITUDE OF THE MUELLER-LYER ILLUSION

Lightness contrast, tachistoscopic duration, and fundus pigmentation have been found to be critical factors determining the magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion. Figures produced by marked lightn...
The role of initial attack and performer expertise on instrument identification

The purpose of this study was to examine the role initial attack and expertise play in the identification of instrumental tones. A stimulus CD was made of 32 excerpts of instrumental tones. Sixteen...
The Design and Implement of the Interface about Game Scene in Game Engine

An interface of game scene is designed through registering the member function and member vary. The scene interface can improve the engine designers working efficiency and make the game engine dissembling and expanding. Using UML to design the frame about the scene interface, and then implementing all of the classes in the scene interface one by one are presented.
Regulation of c-myc expression by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human leukemia cells

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates both the proliferation and functional properties of normal and leukemic myeloid cells via cell surface receptors. The postreceptor mechanisms for these two actions, and the extent to which they represent overlapping biochemical pathways, have not been fully clarified. We have examined the actions of GM-CSF on the expression of c-myc, an early response oncogene associated with the proliferative stimulus of growth factors. GM-CSF reduced the population doubling time of HL-60 leukemia cells from 32 hours to 25 hours, and, at concentrations that were correlated with mitogenicity, induced a rapid twofold increase in the level of c-myc mRNA. Nuclear runoff studies indicated that GM-CSF approximately doubled the transcription rate of c-myc by reversing the transcription attenuation that occurs at the exon 1-intron 1 junction. GM-CSF had no effect on the half-life of c-myc messenger RNA. The biochemical basis for the modulation of c-myc expression by GM-CSF was explored. GM-CSF treatment caused intracellular alkalinization of the cells as measured using the fluorescent probe 2', 7-bis (2-carboxyethyl)-5(and-6) carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). The sodium channel blocker amiloride prevented the GM-CSF-induced change in pH, but did not affect the stimulation of c-myc transcription by GM-CSF. Agents that increase cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels (prostaglandin E2 and cholera toxin) blocked the actions of GM-CSF on c-myc; however, these agents also reduced the basal level of c-myc expression. GM-CSF caused a rapid (5 minutes) and transient decline in cellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, and a slower (30 minutes) and transient decrease in cellular cAMP levels. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the declines in cAMP and cGMP are associated with a stimulation of HL-60 proliferation, while previously reported manipulations that elevate cyclic nucleotides are related to an inhibition of HL-60 proliferation and the potentiation of differentiation.
Integrated all-digital low-dropout regulator as a countermeasure to power attack in encryption engines

Low-drop-out (LDO) voltage regulator modules are being increasingly integrated in the modern processors for efficient power management. This paper shows that an integrated All-Digital LDO (ADLDO) can also be used as a countermeasure against power measurement based side channel attacks. The current transformation introduced by integrated digital LDOs, coupled with the noise due to quantization and limited sampling rate in the control loop, helps suppress the side channel leakage. The ADLDO-based countermeasure is analyzed considering an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) engine designed in 130nmCMOS. Correlation power analysis and signal-to-noise ratio of the current waveforms at the input of the ADLDO shows significant improvement in power attack resistance over the AES input current.
Long-term psychologic follow-up of intersexed patients.

Gender identity differentiation is largely a postnatal product of experience in the early years of childhood. A child with an ambiguous identity, or one contradictory to the assigned sex, may be a candidate for reassignment, which is sometimes overtly requested and is then successful.
Exploring performance and energy tradeoffs for irregular applications

High performance, parallel applications with irregular data accesses are becoming a critical workload class for modern systems. In particular, the execution of such workloads on emerging many-core systems is expected to be a significant component of applications in data mining, machine learning, scientific computing and graph analytics. However, power and energy constraints limit the capabilities of individual cores, memory hierarchy and on-chip interconnect of such systems, thus leading to architectural and software trade-offs that must be understood in the context of the intended applications behavior. Irregular applications are notoriously hard to optimize given their data-dependent access patterns, lack of structured locality and complex data structures and code patterns.We have ported two irregular applications, graph community detection using the Louvain method (Grappolo) and high-performance conjugate gradient (HPCCG), to the Tilera many-core system and have conducted a detailed study of platform-independent and platform-specific optimizations that improve their performance as well as reduce their overall energy consumption. To conduct this study, we employ an auto-tuning based approach that explores the optimization design space along three dimensionsmemory layout schemes, GCC compiler flag choices and OpenMP loop scheduling options. We leverage MITs OpenTuner auto-tuning framework to explore and recommend energy optimal choices for different combinations of parameters. We then conduct an in-depth architectural characterization to understand the memory behavior of the selected workloads. Finally, we perform a correlation study to demonstrate the interplay between the hardware behavior and application characteristics.Using auto-tuning, we demonstrate whole-node energy savings and performance improvements of up to 49.6% and 60% relative to a baseline instantiation, and up to 31% and 45.4% relative to manually optimized variants. Optimizing irregular applications for modern many-core architectures is challenging.Study energy and performance efficiency on Tilera using two irregular applications.Using auto-tuning, we explore the optimization design space along three dimensions.Show whole-node energy savings and performance improvements of up to 49.6% and 60%.
The Kalman Filter

This chapter focuses on the Kalman filter. The Kalman Filter has found successful application in many diverse areas. Some of these include processing signals in aerospace tracking, underwater sonar, quality control, short term forecasting, analysis of life lengths from dose response experiments, and determination of a ship's position. The chapter presents illustrative examples from aerospace tracking and quality control. Diderrich discusses the relationship between the Kalman Filter and the mixed estimator. He also shows how the ridge regression type estimators for a time varying linear model may be thought of as a half Kalman Filter. Given a dynamic linear stochastic relationship between the parameters at t and t + 1, the chapter highlights a time-varying linear model by considering discrete Kalman Filter. Given initial prior information at t = 0, the chapter presents a calculation of the Bayes estimator (BE) at t = 1. The Kalman Filter is an inference procedure that consists of a linear model defined at discrete times t = 1,2,3 … and a stochastic linear relation between the parameters at t + 1 and at t .
Sustaining and Reframing Vulnerability and Connection

Although it may appear to represent an oxymoron within classical resiliency studies to argue that the more we can sustain and maintain (healthy) vulnerability in boys and young males the more resilient they will become and remain, that is precisely the argument of this chapter. Indeed it remains at the heart of the deconstruction of our classic model of stoic separation-based models for healthy boyhood for which the hope for genuine resiliency for young (and, for that matter older) males may lie (Pollack, 1995a, 1995b, 1998, 1999, 2000).
Coevolution of Peer-Reviewed Literature and Clinical Practice in High-Grade Glioma Resection.

Background The paradigm of evidence-based medicine dictates that clinical practice should reflect the shifting landscape of the peer-reviewed literature. Here, we examined the extent to which this premise is fulfilled as it pertains to the surgical resection of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Objective We assessed trends in published literature regarding HGG survival after resection in conjunction with trends in clinical practice patterns of HGG resection. Methods We performed a comprehensive PubMed search to identify articles that examined whether gross total resection (GTR) improves HGG survival. Temporal trends in the literature were compared with rates of GTR in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, the Veterans Health Administration database, and published data series from academic neuro-oncology centers. Results Before 2000, the ratio of articles supporting survival benefit of GTR relative to those not supporting it ranged from approximately 1:5 to 1:1. Since 2000, this ratio has steadily increased such that by the post-2013 period, 32 of the 33 published articles (>30:1) supported the survival benefit of GTR. Although the frequency of GTR increased during the 2000–2004 period in the SEER and Veterans Health Administration database, no further increase in the frequency of GTR was observed thereafter. In contrast, resection rates in academic neuro-oncology centers continued to increase subsequent to 2004. Conclusions Our results indicate that clinical practice patterns mirror publication patterns for HGG resection, suggesting that neurosurgical oncology is a field in which clinical practice is informed by the peer-reviewed literature.
Long-Term Management for Ventilator-Assisted Children in Hong Kong: 2 Decades' Experience.

BACKGROUND: The population of children receiving long-term mechanical ventilation is growing worldwide, but only limited data exist in Asian regions. The objective of the study was to review the management of these children in Hong Kong over the past 2 decades. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. Hospital records from subjects receiving mechanical ventilation for >3 months were retrieved. Demographic characteristics and medical information of subjects (≤21 y old) under the care of the ventilator program at the Duchess of Kent Children9s Hospital between 1997 and 2015 were reviewed. RESULTS: There were a total of 96 subjects, with male predominance (75%). Twenty-five subjects (26%) required invasive mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy, and the median age of starting ventilation was much lower than for subjects receiving noninvasive ventilation (1.6 vs 11.2 y, P .003). Underlying causes included neuromuscular diseases (50%); abnormal ventilatory control related to neurological, metabolic, or genetic conditions (25%); airway problems (18%); and chronic lung diseases (6%). Comorbidities were frequent, with significantly more subjects receiving invasive mechanical ventilation who required gastrostomy or nasogastric tube feeding and had intellectual impairment. Despite their medical complexities, most of our subjects (87.5%) could be discharged and resided in the community. Social reasons were the obstacles for discharge in 12 subjects receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Seventeen subjects who died were receiving noninvasive ventilation, and most had progressive neuromuscular diseases. Only 8% subjects could be weaned off of ventilator support. At the time of the report, about one third of the subjects have reached adult age. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a steady growth in the number of children receiving long-term mechanical ventilation, similar to that in western countries, yet these children have distinct demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, comorbidities, and outcomes. Home care is feasible in the majority of these children despite a lack of in-home nursing care provision. Prolonged survival of these subjects necessitates the enhancement of transitional care to adult service.
A new offshore transport mechanism for shoreline-released tracer induced by transient rip currents and stratification†

Offshore transport from the shoreline across the inner shelf of early-stage larvae and pathogens is poorly understood yet is critical for understanding larval fate and dilution of polluted shoreline water. With a novel coupling of a transient rip current (TRC) generating surf zone model and an ocean circulation model, we show that transient rip currents ejected onto a stratified inner shelf induce a new, previously unconsidered offshore transport pathway. For incident waves and stratification typical for Southern California in the fall, this mechanism subducts surf zone-origin tracers and transports them at least 800 m offshore at 1.2 km/d analogous to subduction at ocean fronts. This mechanism requires both TRCs and stratification. As TRCs are ubiquitous and the inner shelf is often stratified, this mechanism may have an important role in exporting early-stage larvae, pathogens, or other tracers onto the shelf.
Badly Evolved? Exploring Long-Surviving Suspicious Users on Twitter

We study the behavior of long-lived eventually suspended accounts in social media through a comprehensive investigation of Arabic Twitter. With a threefold study of (i) the content these accounts post; (ii) the evolution of their linguistic patterns; and (iii) their activity evolution, we compare long-lived users versus short-lived, legitimate, and pro-ISIS users. We find that these long-lived accounts – though trying to appear normal – do exhibit significantly different behaviors from both normal and other suspended users. We additionally identify temporal changes and assess their value in supporting discovery of these accounts and find out that most accounts have actually being “hiding in plain sight” and are detectable early in their lifetime. Finally, we successfully apply our findings to address a series of classification tasks, most notably to determine whether a given account is a long-surviving account.
Getting to less: When negotiating harms post-agreement performance

Abstract The negotiation process can harm post-agreement motivation. For example, a homeowner might negotiate with a landscaper, but through the process of negotiating harm the landscaper’s motivation to deliver high quality service. In contrast to prior work that has assumed that negotiated agreements represent the full economic value of negotiated outcomes, we demonstrate that the act of engaging in a negotiation can itself influence post-agreement behavior in ways that change the economic value of an agreement. Across six studies, we demonstrate that negotiations can harm post-agreement motivation and productivity on both effortful and creative tasks. Specifically, we find that wage negotiations can harm post-agreement performance, even when the negotiation has integrative potential or is conducted face-to-face. The negotiation process can increase perceptions of relational conflict, and these conflict perceptions mediate the relationship between negotiation and performance. Compared to not negotiating, individuals who negotiate may secure favorable deal terms, but risk incurring affective, relational, and economic costs after the agreement. Our investigation fills a critical gap in our understanding of post-agreement behavior, and has particular relevance for negotiations that involve services. Our findings suggest that individuals should enter negotiations with caution, and we call for future work to explore not only what happens prior to an agreement, but also what happens after an agreement has been reached.
Utilization of Intravascular Ultrasound for the Evaluation and Management of Lower Extremity Malperfusion in a Type B Aortic Dissection

Aortic dissection (AD) is a pathologic entity initiated from a tear in the intimal layer that allows blood flow between the intima and media, resulting in a separation of these layers into a true a...
GC content elevates mutation and recombination rates in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The chromosomes of many eukaryotes have regions of high GC content interspersed with regions of low GC content. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, high-GC regions are often associated with high levels of meiotic recombination. In this study, we constructed URA3 genes that differ substantially in their base composition [URA3-AT (31% GC), URA3-WT (43% GC), and URA3-GC (63% GC)] but encode proteins with the same amino acid sequence. The strain with URA3-GC had an approximately sevenfold elevated rate of ura3 mutations compared with the strains with URA3-WT or URA3-AT About half of these mutations were single-base substitutions and were dependent on the error-prone DNA polymerase ζ. About 30% were deletions or duplications between short (5-10 base) direct repeats resulting from DNA polymerase slippage. The URA3-GC gene also had elevated rates of meiotic and mitotic recombination relative to the URA3-AT or URA3-WT genes. Thus, base composition has a substantial effect on the basic parameters of genome stability and evolution.
Transitioning and Other Options

Transgender people may engage in transition (or self-affirmation) processes with any or all of personal, internal, social, legal and physical elements. This chapter discusses data on transitioning generated by the 273 FtM transgender Australians in the 2013 E-Males study. In terms of physical transitions, non-surgical measures were the most common, and a strong majority of participants had used binding and hormones (87 %). Most (73 %) have had physical interventions to make their body look more masculine and 70 % intend to have additional modifications—chest surgeries were the most popular type. Almost half of the participants spent between $1,000 and $10,000 in this process. The great majority (97 %) expressed that these interventions have made a difference to their life and wellbeing, even when results were not optimal. Most participants were satisfied or very satisfied with their interventions. Some participants reported difficulties in their efforts to change their names and sex on documentation.
Tertiary Learning Advisors in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Appendices

This appendix includes data tables with additional detail not included in Parts one, two and three.
Disintegration of simulated drinking water biofilms with arrays of microchannel plasma jets

Biofilms exist and thrive within drinking water distribution networks, and can present human health concerns. Exposure of simulated drinking water biofilms, grown from groundwater, to a 9 × 9 array of microchannel plasma jets has the effect of severely eroding the biofilm and deactivating the organisms they harbor. In-situ measurements of biofilm structure and thickness with an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system show the biofilm thickness to fall from 122 ± 17 µm to 55 ± 13 µm after 15 min. of exposure of the biofilm to the microplasma column array, when the plasmas are dissipating a power density of 58 W/cm2. All biofilms investigated vanish with 20 min. of exposure. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrates that the number of living cells in the biofilms declines by more than 93% with 15 min. of biofilm exposure to the plasma arrays. Concentrations of several oxygen-bearing species, generated by the plasma array, were found to be 0.4–21 nM/s for the hydroxyl radical (OH), 85–396 nM/s for the 1O2 excited molecule, 98–280 µM for H2O2, and 24–42 µM for O3 when the power density delivered to the array was varied between 3.6 W/cm2 and 79 W/cm2. The data presented here demonstrate the potential of microplasma arrays as a tool for controlling, through non-thermal disruption and removal, mixed-species biofilms prevalent in commercial and residential water systems. Biofilms in drinking water premise plumbing systems can be disrupted and their microorganisms deactivated by exposure to jets of ionized gas known as plasma. Researchers at the University of Illinois, USA, led by Thanh (Helen) Nguyen and J. Gary Eden, explored the potential of low temperature plasma jets in disrupting & removing drinking water biofilms. The plasma was directed through fabricated microchannels and onto samples that the simulated biofilms. The interaction of the plasma with air and water generated reactive chemical species and ultraviolet radiation that disrupted the biofilms and deactivated the microorganisms within them. The biofilms studied vanished within 20 min. of plasma exposure. Plasma jets offer an inexpensive, low temperature and chlorine-free method for combating harmful biofilms in drinking water premise plumbing systems.
H-Verifier: Verifying Confidential System State with Delegated Sandboxes

As a viable technology that supports ubiquitous, versatile, and cost-efficient IT solution for various applications, the wide adoption of the cloud computing is still hindered by the lack of online anomaly detection and poor accountability. Although cloud providers facilitate trusted computing with the support of hardware and software, to construct a trusted computing base (TCB) in a hostile environment with a minimal size is still non-trivial. It is desired to have a general solution that supports trusted computing regardless of the underlying hardware and software. In this paper, we present a system, namely H-Verifier, which verifies the states of the confidential system with cryptographic support. To ensure data confidentiality, H-Verifier leverages homomorphic encryption (HE), partitions the model of the monitored system, and stores the partitions distributively. To track the system states, the partitions are updated against the ciphertext via the standard HE operations. Since both the model and audit events are encrypted, H-Verifier does not require a TCB to be constructed on the computational nodes. H-Verifier overcomes the performance curse of HE and makes sure that only a limited number of HE operations are required online. H-Verifier is capable of performing trusted computing without relying on special hardware and thus can be widely deployed in various sandboxes and/or enclave. The experimental results demonstrate that H-Verifier can achieve reasonable performance for model initialization, updating, and verification for an online system in the cloud.
Designing and implementing an outpatient management pathway for patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Objective Recently, our team transitioned to an outpatient diabetes education model for patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) after concerns arose regarding inconsistent education provided in the hospital, as well as additional emotional stress attributed to hospitalization. To optimize this model, an improvement initiative was implemented to redesign the outpatient care processes, refine patient education content and identify ideal educational strategies. Specific aims were to (a) achieve family self-management, (b) reduce stress and (c) ensure family and provider satisfaction with the outpatient pathway. Research design and methods Using a multidisciplinary team and formal quality improvement (QI) methods, we redesigned content and format of the pathway based on results from key measures and Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Primary outcome measures included self-efficacy, stress and satisfaction. Results We achieved our goal self-management skills, while maintaining high satisfaction for patients and providers throughout the implementation and refinement of the pathway. Key pathway components include refined education content, interactive educational tools and close collaboration with social work. Multiple PDSA cycles and pathway modifications were completed, including early social work involvement and simplification of education resources; however, we found modifying the stress experienced by parents to be a challenge. The majority of the stress relates to factors that are difficult to modify, specifically emotional burden and interpersonal distress, and is rarely attributed to regimen- or physician-related distress. Conclusion During the transition to an outpatient pathway, we achieved our satisfaction and self-management goals but were unsuccessful in achieving our goals for minimizing stress associated with a new diagnosis of a chronic illness.
Dietary Differences Between Vegetarian and Omnivore College Students

Approximately 21% of college students are self-reported vegetarians. Vegetarian diets have been associated with lower risks of certain chronic diseases; however, vegetarians, especially college-aged vegetarians may have nutrient risks due to diet limitations. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in dietary intake of vegetarians and omnivores in college students and determine if the student diet groups met the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Thirty-three 18–35yo college students completed five-day food and activity records, and were grouped into the vegetarian group/vegan group (n=14) or omnivore group (n=19) based on self-reported diet preferences and food records. Vegetarian and vegan diets were combined for analysis due to the low number of vegan respondents. The dietary intakes of both groups were compared to the DRIs, and vegetarians had significantly (p<0.05) lower intakes of protein, saturated fat, cholesterol, selenium, and sodium; and higher intakes in fiber, vitamin A, beta-ca...
Quieting the Court: Lessons from The Muslim-Ban Case

The Supreme Court’s Muslim-ban decision in Trump v. Hawaii calls into question the civil rights litigation enterprise insofar as lawsuits challenge the U.S. government’s injurious national security and immigration policies. Litigants and advocacy organizations should employ an array of strategies and tactics to avoid the Court’s rulings that almost uniformly defer to, and thus validate, the government’s national security and immigration practices. This article maintains that The Muslim-Ban Case was a predictable outgrowth of the Supreme Court’s national security-immigration jurisprudence that champions executive power at the expense of marginalized groups, in particular non-citizens. The article provides a typology of these cases’ features and examines how The Muslim-Ban Case exhibits these same characteristics but also exceeds recent precedents in its disregard of the ban’s bigoted motivations and its excessive deference to the President. In light of The Muslim-Ban Case and the judiciary’s conservative trajectory, this article proposes that civil rights lawyers and legal advocacy organizations assess whether their litigation risks validating the President’s arrogation of power and the concomitant suppression of minority groups’ liberties. Recognizing the at-times life-saving and moral necessity of litigation, this article first offers discrete litigation strategies that may avoid future adverse decisions. The article then examines extra-judicial forms of advocacy that groups and individuals may adopt in order to secure and develop marginalized groups members’ liberties. This project entails challenging the current legal rights framework’s underlying ideas of American identity, which privileges national sovereignty and citizenship. The article proposes a more inclusive framework that imposes duties on the state to non-citizens through connections of family and on the basis of universal values.
Correlation of Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study Findings With Radionuclide Salivagram in Chronic Brain-Injured Patients.

Objective To investigate the correlation between videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and radionuclide salivagram findings in chronic brain-injured patients with dysphagia. Methods Medical records of chronic brain-injured patients who underwent radionuclide salivagram and VFSS were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to salivagram findings. Differences in patient characteristics and clinical factors, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), feeding method, tracheostomy state, and VFSS findings between the two groups were investigated. Results A total of 124 patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in MMSE, MBI, FAC, feeding method, and presence of tracheostomy between the two groups. However, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia history was significantly higher in the positive salivagram group. The Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS) was significantly associated with positive salivagram findings, especially in the pharyngeal phase. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure was statistically significant FDS parameter in predicting salivary aspiration on a salivagram (odds ratio=1.100; 95% confidence interval, 1.017-1.190; p=0.018). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of FDS in the pharyngeal phase showed that an optimum sensitivity and specificity of 55.1% and 65.4%, respectively, when the cut-off value was 39. Conclusion In chronic brain-injured patients, inappropriate laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure is predictive variable for salivary aspiration. Therefore, performing a radionuclide salivagram in patients with FDS of 39 or less in the pharyngeal phase for prevents aspiration pneumonia from salivary aspiration.
TLS 1.3 in Practice:How TLS 1.3 Contributes to the Internet

Transport Layer Security (TLS) has become the norm for secure communication over the Internet. In August 2018, TLS 1.3, the latest version of TLS, was approved, providing improved security and performance of the previous TLS version. In this paper, we take a closer look at TLS 1.3 deployments in practice regarding adoption rate, security, performance, and implementation by applying temporal, spatial, and platform-based approaches on 687M connections. Overall, TLS 1.3 has rapidly been adopted mainly due to third-party platforms such as Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) makes a significant contribution to the Internet. In fact, it deprecates vulnerable cryptographic primitives and substantially reduces the time required to perform the TLS 1.3 full handshake compared to the TLS 1.2 handshake. We quantify these aspects and show TLS 1.3 is beneficial to websites that do not rely on the third-party platforms. We also review Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) regarding TLS libraries and show that many of recent vulnerabilities can be easily addressed by upgrading to TLS 1.3. However, some websites exhibit unstable support for TLS 1.3 due to multiple platforms with different TLS versions or migration to other platforms, which means that a website can show the lower TLS version at a certain time or from a certain region. Furthermore, we find that most of the implementations (including TLS libraries) do not fully support the new features of TLS 1.3 such as downgrade protection and certificate extensions.