cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping of the chicken cleft primary palate mutation on chromosome 11 and sequencing of the 4.9 Mb linked region.

An embryonic lethal mutation in chicken named cleft primary palate (cpp) is inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and results in a severely truncated upper beak. In this study, genotyping and sequencing techniques were employed to advance our genetic and genomic knowledge of the mutation's chromosomal location, candidate region and possible causative element using a congenic inbred line. Herein, the candidate region for the cpp developmental mutation was established as a ca. 5.1 Mb region of chicken chromosome 11 (GGA 11) through the use of a 600K Affymetrix SNP array. The SNPs identified from this array linked to cpp were used to genotype individuals from the congenic inbred line over several generations and thereby fine-map the causative region resulting in an approximately 200 kb size reduction. This candidate region (4.9 Mb) was sequenced via capture array in a cohort of 24 individuals, including carriers, mutants and their wild type (wt) siblings. Interestingly, the GGA 11 region for cpp encompasses the predicted centromere location and is thus unlikely to be highly disrupted by further recombination. Here we report on the variation unique to the cpp mutation, i.e. single-nucleotide variants and insertions or deletions. Although the candidate region contains several genes of interest with regard to the cpp phenotype, only one cpp-linked variant was predicted to have a significant physiological effect by causing a frameshift mutation in ESRP2, which has a role in tissue-specific splicing during development.
Quantifying the Impact of Excess Moisture From Transpiration From Crops on an Extreme Heat Wave Event in the Midwestern U.S.: A Top-Down Constraint From Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Water Vapor Retrieval.

The primary focus of this study is to understand the contribution from excess moisture from crop transpiration to the severity of a heat wave episode that hit the Midwestern U.S. from 16 to 20 July 2011. To elucidate this, we first provide an optimal estimate of the transpiration water vapor flux using satellite total column water vapor retrievals whose accuracy and precision are characterized using independent observations. The posterior transpiration flux is estimated using a local ensemble transform Kalman filter that employs a mesoscale weather model as the forward model. The new estimation suggests that the prior values of transpiration flux from crops are biased high by 15%. We further use the constrained flux to examine the sensitivity of meteorology to the contributions from crops. Over the agricultural areas during daytime, elevated moisture (up to 40%) from crops not only increases humidity (thus the heat index) but also provides a positive radiative forcing by increasing downward longwave radiation (13 ± 4 W m-2) that results in even higher surface air temperature (+0.4 °C). Consequently, we find that the elevated moisture generally provides positive feedback to aggravate the heat wave, with daytime enhancements of heat index by as large as 3.3 ± 0.8 °C. Due to a strong diurnal cycle in the transpiration, the feedback tends to be stronger in the afternoon (up to 5 °C) and weaker at night. Results offer a potential basis for designing mitigation strategies for the effect of transpiration from agriculture in the future, in addition to improving the estimation of canopy transpiration.
The crisis in neuroscience

Abstract The dominant paradigm in neuroscience, the linear causation paradigm, has led to a number of conceptual confusions about how the brain generates behavior. Because biological organisms are collections of closed loop control systems, their behaviors cannot be explained by a sequence of causes and effects. On account of simultaneous actions of forward and feedback paths in the closed loop, a major emergent property of control systems is circular causation. Methods used to analyze input-output systems are not only inadequate for understanding circular causation; they can produce misleading results. I shall use specific examples from the history of neuroscience to illustrate the fallacy of the conventional input/output analysis of behavior. I shall also discuss why a seemingly simple mechanism like negative feedback control can have complex and counterintuitive properties, and why generations of students, influenced by modern engineering conventions and the cybernetic tradition, have misunderstood the central features of control theory.
Moderators of treatment efficacy in a randomized controlled trial of trauma-sensitive yoga as an adjunctive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.

OBJECTIVE This study is a follow-up to van der Kolk et al. (2014), a trial conducted through the Trauma Center at Justice Resource Institute, which demonstrated treatment efficacy and remains the only randomized controlled trial of trauma-sensitive yoga. The present process study extends the outcomes study by examining treatment moderators of the original trial. METHOD Sixty-four women with childhood interpersonal trauma histories and posttraumatic stress disorder participated in the interventions: Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) versus active control (women's health education). Analyses explored if adult-onset interpersonal trauma and baseline psychological measures (clinician-rated and self-reported PTSD, dissociation, depression, psychological functioning) moderated PTSD changes. RESULTS Three of six measures had small effects in moderating the relationship between adult-onset interpersonal trauma and TCTSY efficacy, in which TCTSY was most efficacious for those with fewer adult-onset interpersonal traumas. Within this subgroup, various levels of all baseline measures except depression indicated that TCTSY was more effective in reducing PTSD than the active control condition. CONCLUSIONS By delineating client characteristics most associated with PTSD improvements, practitioners may best target yoga interventions to increase effectiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
A theoretical calculation of stacking fault energy of Ni alloys: The effects of temperature and composition

Abstract Combining cluster expansion (CE) method with one dimensional axial Ising model, this work investigated the effects of alloying elements and configurational variations due to temperature on the stacking fault energy (SFE) of FCC Ni binary alloys. Ensembles of large numbers of atomistic structures, each with more than ~400 atoms, were generated to consider sufficient long-range chemical disorder and temperature effects due to configurational entropy. A Monte Carlo Metropolis algorithm was used to generate these structures, whose energies were then evaluated based on the effective cluster interactions obtained from CE. As a baseline, this work had shown the SFE of pure Ni and Al to be 127 mJ/m2 and 137 mJ/m2, respectively, which agreed with the experimental values of 125 mJ/m2 and 150 mJ/m2 reported in the literature. Additions of Al, Ti, Cr and Co to pure Ni were found to decrease the SFE to different extents. Although temperature does not strongly influence the SFE of the FCC Ni-Al and Ni-Cr binary alloys, it can lead to significant changes to the SFE of the FCC Ni-Ti and Ni-Co alloys. While effects of temperature and composition on SFE observed in this work were calculated from binary Ni alloys, the general trends are nonetheless expected to be valid in the γ phase of multicomponent Ni superalloys.
Concussion in the Athletic Training Room: a Team Physician Narrative.

Concussion evaluation and management has changed significantly. Understanding proper recognition, evaluation, and management allows for improved provision of care to patients. This paper will approach this topic from a sideline to training room management versus the traditional clinic evaluation Research is continuing to refine and examine tools to assist in proper concussion evaluation. Concussion recovery protocols are becoming more conservative as patients are taking longer to recover than previously thought. Treatment of concussion is becoming more sophisticated and patient involved. Concussion research has increased dramatically over the last 30 years changing our approach to diagnosis and treatment. The area of concussion will continue to evolve as research continues to look at effective tools and markers for diagnosis and effective treatment protocols become substantiated through research.
Analysis of Variance

Many experiments examine the effects of multiple experimental conditions. When each measured response from a subject is a single-number, the data are usually analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) .
A rare case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with EWSR-ATF1 fusion transcription and unusual immunophenotype

Abstract Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive, and fatal neoplasm of the abdominal mesothelium with a very abysmal survival if left untreated. MPM with EWSR1-ATF1 fusion is an uncommon entity recently recognized by molecular studies. We report the first case of MPM with EWSR1-ATF1 fusion and aberrant CK20 expression. The patient was a 38-year-old man who presented to our institution with three months history of abdominal pain and distention, a significant weight loss (>30 lb), and failure to thrive. He was working in a construction company with 20 year-history of questionable asbestos exposure. Imaging studies demonstrated radiographic patterns suggestive of extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, serum tumor markers were within the normal limit (CA 19–9, CEA, AFP, and βHCG). Subsequently, he underwent a biopsy of the peritoneal nodules. Biopsy showed a proliferation of epithelioid/round cells with ample cytoplasm and occasional vacuoles, displaying papillary architecture. Immunohistochemistry showed tumor cells were strongly and diffusely positive for WT1, AE1/3, CK7, CK20, desmin, and CD99, focally positive for calretinin, D2-40, and CK5/6, while negative for BerEp4, MOC-31, trypsin, TTF-1, P40, GATA3, CDX2, and PAX8. P16 and BAP1 were retained. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies showed EWSR1 rearrangement, and the NGS fusion panel revealed EWSR1-ATF1 fusion. A diagnosis of MPM with EWSR1-ATF1 fusion was rendered. Unfortunately, the patient passed away within a month of diagnosis. Pathologists should be aware of this entity, especially when faced with tumors displaying mesothelioma morphology but showing atypical immunoprofile (co-expression of mesothelial markers with strong CK20).
Comparison of constant load exercise intensity for verification of maximal oxygen uptake following a graded exercise test in older adults.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) declines with advancing age and is a predictor of morbidity and mortality risk. The purpose here was to assess the utility of constant load tests performed either above or below peak work rate obtained from a graded exercise test for verification of VO2 max in older adults. Twenty-two healthy older adults (9M, 13F, 67 ± 6 years, BMI: 26.3 ± 5.1 kg·m-2 ) participated in the study. Participants were asked to complete two experimental trials in a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design. Both trials (cycle ergometer) consisted of (1) an identical graded exercise test (ramp) and (2) a constant load test at either 85% (CL85; n = 22) or 110% (CL110; n = 20) of the peak work rate achieved during the associated ramp (performed 10-min post ramp). No significant differences were observed for peak VO2 (L·min-1 ) between CL85 (1.86 ± 0.72; p = 0.679) or CL110 (1.79 ± 0.73; p = 0.200) and the associated ramp (Ramp85, 1.85 ± 0.73; Ramp110, 1.85 ± 0.57). Using the study participant's mean coefficient of variation in peak VO2 between the two identical ramp tests (2.9%) to compare individual differences between constant load tests and the associated ramp revealed 19/22 (86%) of participants achieved a peak VO2 during CL85 that was similar or higher versus the ramp, while only 13/20 (65%) of participants achieved a peak VO2 during CL110 that was similar or higher versus the ramp. These data indicate that if a verification of VO2 max is warranted when testing older adults, a constant load effort at 85% of ramp peak power may be more likely to verify VO2 max as compared to an effort at 110% of ramp peak power.
An Integrated View of Nitrogen Oxyanion Deoxygenation in Solution Chemistry and Electrospray Ion Production.

There has been an increasing interest in chemistry involving nitrogen oxyanions, largely due to the environmental hazards associated with increased concentrations of these anions leading to eutrophication and aquatic "dead zones". Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a suite of MNOx complexes (M = Co, Zn: x = 2, 3). Reductive deoxygenation of cobalt bis(nitrite) complexes with bis(boryl)pyrazine is faster for cobalt than previously reported nickel, and pendant O-bound nitrito ligand is still readily deoxygenated, despite potential implication of an isonitrosyl primary product. Deoxygenation of zinc oxyanion complexes is also facile, despite zinc being unable to stabilize a nitrosyl ligand, with liberation of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide, indicating N-N bond formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is effective for discriminating the types of nitrogen in these molecules. ESI mass spectrometry of a suite of M(NOx)y (x = 2, 3 and y = 1, 2) shows that the primary form of ionization is loss of an oxyanion ligand, which can be alleviated via the addition of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) as a nonintuitive cation pair for the neutral oxyanion complexes. We have shown these complexes to be subject to deoxygenation, and there is evidence for nitrogen oxyanion reduction in several cases in the ESI plume. The attractive force between cation and neutral is explored experimentally and computationally and attributed to hydrogen bonding of the nitrogen oxyanion ligands with ammonium α-CH2 protons. One example of ESI-induced reductive dimerization is mimicked by bulk solution synthesis, and that product is characterized by X-ray diffraction to contain two Co(NO)2+ groups linked by a highly conjugated diazapolyene.
Cosmology and Eschatology in Hebrews: The Settings of the Sacrifice

1. The quest for the historical Hebrews 2. The rhetorical strategy of Hebrews Part I. The Settings in Time: 3. The destiny of humanity 4. The two ages Part II. The Settings in Space: 5. The spatial dualism of Hebrews 6. The heavenly tabernacle in Hebrews 7. Conclusion.
Transient neonatal 'athyreosis' resulting from thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins

Recognition of transient forms of neonatal hypothyroidism is difficult because of the urgency of thyroxine treatment. In the present report the first child born to a mother with Graves' disease developed transient hyperthyroidism during the newborn period. The mother underwent radioactive iodine treatment and was maintained euthyroid on l-thyroxine. Two subsequent children were detected by newborn thyroid screen to have low thyroxine and markedly elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Technetium 99 metastable and iodine 123 scans at 22 days of age showed the second child to be athyreotic. The third child was not scanned. All three children were nongoitrous at birth. Patients 2 and 3 had continuous TSH suppression with thyroxine therapy for 3 and 4 years. Thyroid function measurements after discontinuation of therapy for 8 weeks were normal, and both children had normal 123I thyroid scans. The mother was found to have potent TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) levels in her serum (85.5%). A fourth child with low thyroxine and elevated TSH was born to a mother on a regimen of l-thyroxine for hypothyroidism. 99mTc scan at 26 days of age showed no thyroid tissue and was normal at 3 months. TBII activity was 35% in the maternal serum and absent in the infant's serum. The above laboratory and clinical data are compatible with the blocking nature of TBII, resulting in transient newborn hypothyroidism and an athyreotic appearance on scan. The TBII measurement can be a useful predictor of neonatal hypothyroidism as well as confirm the transient nature of the disease in newborns.
Some behavioral effects of ascorbic acid deficiency

A study of the effects of ascorbic acid deprivation on behavior was undertaken on 5 healthy males between the ages of 26 and 52 years. During deprivation changes were found to occur in areas of personality and psychomotor performance and in certain physical fitness tasks. The most dramatic behavioral changes related to ascorbic acid levels were observed for the personality measures. Elevations in scores occurred in the Hypochondriasis Depression and Hysteria Scales of the "neurotic triad" of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory as ascorbic acid deficiency progressed. For both measures (high and low levels) of ascorbic acid the separation between the 2 groups was highly significant (p less than .01). Reduced arousal or motivational levels present during scurvy were associated with decrements in psychomotor performance preceeded by personality changes. Psychomotor performance was found to be sensitive to nutritional and environmental conditions such as acute and semistarvation B-complex vitamin deficiencies and the effect of hypoxia resulting from exposure to high terrestrial altitudes. Scorbutic arthropathy and/or neuropathy were responsible for impaired performances in physical fitness in those leg-oriented tasks. Behavioral changes in this study depended upon changes in vitamin C levels.
Incidence of Clostridium perfringens in American Foods

Food samples were examined for the presence of Clostridium perfringens. A medium described by Mossel and later modified by Angelotti et al. was used for the detection and enumeration of C. perfringens. The incidence of C. perfringens observed in the foods examined was 6.1%. C. perfringens was recovered from 2.7% of the commercially prepared frozen foods, 3.8% of fruits and vegetables, 5.0% of spices, 1.8% of home-prepared foods, and 16.4% of raw meat, poultry, and fish.
Nonlinear Disease Progress Curves

An epidemic can be defined as a change in disease (incidence or severity) in a host population over time and space (Kranz 1974b). The fundamental way of depicting a plant disease epidemic is to plot disease level at several times or distances. The plot of disease versus time, the disease progress curve, summarizes the interaction of pathogen, host, and environment in disease development (Van der Plank, 1963; Kranz, 1974a, 1978). Whether an investigator is interested in understanding an epidemic process or merely wishes to compare two or more epidemics, disease progress curves must be prepared, quantified, and analyzed.
Retention of sodium during chondrule melting

Using published data, the differences in Na concentrations in different groups of porphyritic olivine chondrules are analyzed. The results show that Na was incorporated into type II chondrule precursors as albite and was not significantly lost during melting. Type I chondrules, which contain very low concentrations of Na, were also not depleted in Na during melting, as indicated by the lack of correlation between the Na/Al ratios and the liquidus temperatures in type I chondrules. It is concluded that the difference in Na concentration is caused by the abundance of precursor albite in type II chondrules, rather than the loss of Na from the melt.
Does In Vitro Bone Marrow Purging Improve the Outcome after Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation

High-dose therapy with bone marrow rescue is now regarded as an effective treatment for a variety of malignancies. In an attempt to circumvent the scarcity of HLA-matched donors, autologous marrow has been successfully used as the source of cells for hematopoietic reconstitution. There has been considerable controversy as to whether any malignant cells present in the graft could contribute to relapse of disease post-transplant. In this paper we review clinical results obtained by using autologous transplantation and present evidence on how ex vivo tumor purging may contribute to the outcome.
Lectins modulate calcium channels in chick sympathetic ganglia.

Abstract Calcium currents were measured in dissociated chick sympathetic ganglia using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Lectins (1 μM) were applied by local superfusion. All lectins tested reversibly inhibited Ca currents. Two types of inhibition were observed: a speeding up of inactivation and a voltage-dependent inhibition with slowing of the activation kinetics. When guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) was substituted for guanosine triphosphate, the voltage-dependent inhibition was irreversible, while the acceleration of inactivation remained reversible. Guanosine 5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) suppressed the voltage-dependent inhibition, but had little effect on the speeding up of inactivation. Lectins with high affinities for α- l -fucose, N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine preferentially induced a voltage-dependent inhibition, while lectins with α- d -galactose affinity produced an acceleration of inactivation. Lectins with d -mannose affinity produced both type of modulation. Differential effects of concanavalin-A and succinyl-Con-A indicate that the speeding up of inactivation may be due to cap formation. It is concluded that, depending on their carbohydrate specificity, some lectins activate G-protein-coupled receptors, and thereby inhibit calcium channels in a voltage-dependent manner. Other lectins speed up the inactivation of the same channels, possibly through a direct interaction.
Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Chromatographic Science

[Abstract/ The unique properties of supercritical fluids have prompted their use for a variety of applications in the field of analyticai chemistry. Perhaps the most widely cited use of these compressed fluids has been in the field of chromatography, either as mobile phase eluents or as extraction solvents. This study examines the various modes in which supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) can be employed by the chromatographer. Extraction, solubilization, and fractionation conditions are predicted by the application of well-known solution thermodynamic principles. Experimental results are reported for the removal of lipid phases from natural products and the coextraction of pe,sticide moieties. Finally, a method of predicting the required mobile phase pressures for solubilizing and fractionating oligomeric mixtures in supercritical fluid chromatography is compared with literature data.
1H-NMR and mass spectrometric characterization of the metabolic response of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to long-term handling stress

Stressors of various kinds constantly affect fish both in the wild and in culture, examples being acute water temperature and quality changes, predation, handling, and confinement. Known physiological responses of fish to stress such as increases in plasma cortisol and glucose levels, are considered to be adaptive, allowing the animal to cope in the short term. Prolonged exposure to stressors however, has the potential to affect growth, immune function, and survival. Nonetheless, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the long-term stress response. We have investigated the metabolic response of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to long-term handling stress by analyzing fish plasma via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultra high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS), and comparing results with controls. Analysis of NMR data indicated a difference in the metabolic profiles of control and stressed fish after 1 week of stress with a maximum difference observed after 2 weeks. These differences were associated with stress-induced increases in phosphatidyl choline, lactate, carbohydrates, alanine, valine and trimethylamine-N-oxide, and decreases in low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and lipid. UPLC-MS data showed differences at week 2, associated with another set of compounds, tentatively identified on the basis of their mass/charge. Overall the results provided a multi-faceted view of the response of fish to long-term handling stress, indicating that the metabolic disparity between the control and stress groups increased to week 2, but declined by weeks 3 and 4, and revealed several new molecular indicators of long-term stress.
POTATO FLAVOR GENERATION-AN APPROACH To THE FLAVOR IMPROVEMENT OF DEHYDRATED POTATO PRODUCTS

Heating of aqueous potato extract resulted in a sharp and unpleasant flavor. However, the flavor of potato extract was vastly improved when it was heated with methionine, ribose, and sodium pyrophosphate. Several other amino acids, sugars, and phosphates were also effective in the generation of potato flavor. The potato flavor generation system was demonstrated to improve the flavor of the instant mashed potato product.
The Moderating Effect of Perceived Product Innovativeness and Product Knowledge on New Product Adoption: An Integrated Model

Incorporating the theory of reasoned action and the elaboration likelihood model, this paper examines the effects of perceived product innovativeness and product knowledge on consumers' intention to purchase and willingness to pay for a consumer technology product. Responses from 312 study participants reveal that perceived product innovativeness and product knowledge not only influence consumers' purchase intention directly but also moderate the effects of attitude and subjective norm on their purchase intention. The relationship between attitude and purchase intention is stronger for consumers who perceive the product to be more innovative than those who perceive it to be less innovative. In contrast, the relationship between subjective norm and purchase intention weakens for consumers who have more product knowledge. Based on the findings, we offer managerial implications and directions for future research.
Nonlinear optical materials by the sol-gel method

The sol-gel method, because of the use of homogeneous liquid solutions and the ability to form gels at room temperature, is uniquely suited for the preparation of many nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, especially films. The preparations of NLO crystalline solids, such as ferroelectrics, oxide glasses, and amorphous ferroelectrics, are described. The preparation of NLO nanocomposites can be made by a number of approaches. These include the mixing of optically active organics into the sol-gel liquid solution, the impregnation of organics into the interconnecting pores of a stabilized oxide gel, and the direct chemical bonding of optically active organics and inorganics to form new hybrid NLO nanocomposites.
Ab initio calculation of molecular chiroptical properties

This review describes the first-principles calculation of chiroptical properties such as optical rotation, electronic and vibrational circular dichroism, and Raman optical activity. Recent years have witnessed a flurry of activity in this area, especially in the advancement of density-functional and coupled cluster methods, with two ultimate goals: the elucidation of the fundamental relationship between chiroptical properties and detailed molecular structure, and the development of a suite of computational tools for the assignment of the absolute configurations of chiral molecules. The underlying theory and the basic principles of such calculations are given for each property, and a number of representative applications are discussed.
Greek, Latin, and the Origins of "World Literature"

In his article "Greek, Latin, and the Origins of 'World Literature'" Alexander Beecroft argues that while it is hardly new that the models of contemporary comparative and world literature(s) are Eurocentric in their origins and structures, the precise nature of Eurocentrism is less discussed. Beecroft argues that far from representing (as Goethe had wished) the end of national literature, the era of comparative and world literatures has, from its beginnings, been structured specifically around the notion of "national literatures." Beecroft explores the national basis for the study of comparative and world literatures in the nineteenth century with particular attention to the anthologies of Noel and La Place and de Stael's De la litterature consideree dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales and the representation in each of Greek and Latin as "national literatures." Beecroft argues that the failure of the national literary system to recognize the distinctive nature of these classical languages led to particular challenges to speakers of non-European languages such as Chinese whose own literatures failed to match the national model as they sought to enter the system of world literatures.
Mixed Findings on the Service Recovery Paradox

The purpose of this study was to test the service recovery paradox and double deviation on customers' overall satisfaction considering definitional and methodological issues. This study employed a scenario experimentation manipulated three dimensions of justice at two levels each (2 × 2 × 2 factorial design). A convenience sample of 286 casual restaurant customers was used in the study. Paired sample t-tests were employed to test recovery paradox and double deviation effects after selecting four groups of customers based on recovery satisfaction to take into account the if-condition in the definition of the service recovery paradox. Customers' post-recovery overall satisfaction could be higher than their initial overall satisfaction provided customers were highly satisfied with service recovery (recovery paradox). When customers are somewhat satisfied with recovery efforts, their initial overall satisfaction could be carried over after two transactional evaluations. Double deviation effects were obvious a...
A Note on the Distribution of Allen's Swamp Monkey, Allenopithecus nigroviridis, in Northwestern Congo

Abstract Allen's swamp monkey, Allenopithecus nigroviridis, is confined to the swamp and riparian forests of the Central African region. It occurs along the Congo River and its tributaries. Recent data show that it occupies suitable habitat at least 100 km to the northwest of its previously known distribution, in an area to the west of the Nouabale-Ndoki National Park, in the northern Republic of Congo. The apparent absence of the swamp monkey from most of the interior of the Nouabale-Ndoki National Park itself suggests that the species probably reached northwest Congo along the Sangha and Ndoki Rivers, rather than by dispersing across the watersheds from the Oubangui. Hunters find the species easy to shoot from canoes at night, as these monkeys like to sleep in overhanging vegetation beside the rivers. More details on its distribution in the region and of its conservation status are required.
Dementia severity and the longitudinal costs of informal care in the Cache County population

Abstract Background Dementia costs are critical for influencing healthcare policy, but limited longitudinal information exists. We examined longitudinal informal care costs of dementia in a population-based sample. Methods Data from the Cache County Study included dementia onset, duration, and severity assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Informal costs of daily care (COC) was estimated based on median Utah wages. Mixed models estimated the relationship between severity and longitudinal COC in separate models for MMSE and CDR. Results Two hundred and eighty-seven subjects (53% female, mean (standard deviation) age was 82.3 (5.9) years) participated. Overall COC increased by 18% per year. COC was 6% lower per MMSE-point increase and compared with very mild dementia, COC increased over twofold for mild, fivefold for moderate, and sixfold for severe dementia on the CDR. Conclusions Greater dementia severity predicted higher costs. Disease management strategies addressing dementia progression may curb costs.
Persistent Clq deficiency in a patient with a systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome

1. Depisch F: Uber Lokale Lipodystrophie bei lange Zeit mit Insul in behandel ten Fallen von Diabetes, Klin Wochenschr 5:1965, 1926. 2. Mentzer SH, and Du Bray ES: Fatty atrophy from injections of insulin, Calif West Med 26:212, 1927. 3. Rabinovitch IM: Atrophy of subcutaneous fat following insulin injections, Can Med Assoc J 18:560, 1928. 4. Wentworth SM, Galloway EA, et al: The use of purified insulins in the treatment of patients with insulin lipoatrophy, Diabetes 22 (Suppl 1): 290, 1973. 5. Collens WS: Lipoatrophy following the injection of insulin, N Engl J Med 241:610, 1949. 6. Watson BM, and Calder JS: A treatment for insulin-induced fat atrophy, Diabetes 20:628, 1971. 7. Watson D, and Vines R: Variations in the incidence of lipodystrophy using different insulins, Med J Aust 1:248, 1973. 8. Root MA, Chance RE, and Galloway JA: Immunogenicity of insulin, Diabetes 21 (Suppl 2): 657, 1972.
Microscopic heterogeneity vs. macroscopic homogeneity in tissue phantoms using reflectance-mode confocal scanning laser microscopy

Preparation of phantoms with reproducible and homogenous optical properties is tricky. The microscopic heterogeneity and macroscopic homogeneity of tissue phantoms were compared using reflectance-mode confocal laser scanning microscopy. Tissue phantoms were prepared using polystyrene microspheres as scattering medium in aqueous and gel matrix. Uniform distribution of microparticles in phantoms was evaluated by confocal imaging. Comparison of the heterogeneity of the phantoms was accomplished based on microscopic optical scattering properties. Distribution of optical properties at the microscopic levels was determined by a simple theory developed based on the depth-dependent decay of the reflectance-mode confocal signal. The variability of these optical properties is correlated to heterogeneity of the phantom. These microscopic properties were compared with macroscopic properties determined by ballistic transmission experiment. This enabled to optimize the phantom preparation procedure.
Fomenting Proton Anisochronicity in the CH2D Group

A novel C−D···N interaction promotes an equilibrium isotope effect that causes a large chemical shift difference (43 ppb, 22 °C) for the diastereotopic methyl protons in the (N-CH2D)-(−)-isosparteinium cation. The observed chemical shift difference is in surprising agreement with a prediction of 44 ppb based upon an ab initio protocol. These calculations are also shown to reproduce the experimental shift difference in Anet's α-deutero-1,2-dimethylpiperidine (theory, 17 ppb; experiment, 14 ppb). The isosparteine-derived system described herein may provide an improved method for assigning the configuration and enantiomeric purity of stereogenic methyl groups (R-CHDT) by tritium NMR spectroscopy.
Semi-analytic integration of hypersingular Galerkin BIEs for three-dimensional potential problems

An accurate and efficient semi-analytic integration technique is developed for three-dimensional hypersingular boundary integral equations of potential theory. Investigated in the context of a Galerkin approach, surface integrals are defined as limits to the boundary and linear surface elements are employed to approximate the geometry and field variables on the boundary. In the inner integration procedure, all singular and non-singular integrals over a triangular boundary element are expressed exactly as analytic formulae over the edges of the integration triangle. In the outer integration scheme, closed-form expressions are obtained for the coincident case, wherein the divergent terms are identified explicitly and are shown to cancel with corresponding terms from the edge-adjacent case. The remaining surface integrals, containing only weak singularities, are carried out successfully by use of standard numerical cubatures. Sample problems are included to illustrate the performance and validity of the proposed algorithm.
Long-term Dietary Outcomes of the FRESH START Intervention for Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors

Abstract Background Cancer survivors are at increased risk for secondary cancers and other diseases. Healthy dietary practices may improve cancer survivors' health and well-being. Objective The durability of the effects of the FRESH START intervention, a program of sequentially tailored mailed materials, and standardized mailed materials (for controls) on cancer survivors' dietary outcomes was assessed over a 2-year period. Greater dietary gains were expected for FRESH START participants relative to controls. Design Participants were randomized to receive tailored vs standardized 10-month mailed print interventions promoting diet and exercise behaviors. Data were collected at baseline and 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Participants/setting Breast and prostate cancer survivors (n=543) were recruited from 39 states and two provinces within North America. A total of 489 participants completed the 2-year follow-up assessment (10% attrition). Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to either a 10-month program of tailored mailed print materials promoting fruit and vegetable consumption, reduced total and saturated fat intake, and/or increased exercise or to a 10-month program of publicly available mailed materials on diet and exercise. Main outcome measures Telephone surveys (supported with blood biomarkers) assessed dietary habits at baseline and 1- and 2-year follow-ups. Statistical analyses performed Paired-samples t tests were conducted to examine the durability of the intervention's effects on dietary outcomes within each study arm. Arm differences in follow-up outcomes were then tested with the general linear model, controlling for the baseline value of the outcomes. Results Both arms reported decreased saturated fat intake, increased servings of fruits and vegetables, and better overall diet quality at year 2 relative to baseline. However, FRESH START participants reported better overall diet quality and lower total and saturated fat intake compared to controls at the 2-year follow-up. Conclusions Results suggest that mailed material interventions, especially those that are tailored, can produce long-term dietary improvement among cancer survivors.
Temperature jump relaxations in aqueous saline suspensions of human erythrocytes

The Joule heating temperature jump relaxation method utilizing scattered white light intensity detection has been found suitable for measuring kinetic properties of whole cells suspended in aqueous saline solutions. Human erythrocytes suspended in aqueous 0.9% NaCl and subjected to a rapid 8° temperature jump to 25° yield two relaxation; τ1 of approx. 0.9 msec and τ2 of approx. 120 msec. The latter appears to be characteristic of intact cells only. On the other hand, τ1 is obtained with ghosts as well as with whole erythrocytes. Similar experiments were carried out at several cell dilutions, at different scattering angles, at several NaCl concentrations, with other salts, in 2H2O, and with added sodium lauryl sulfate or 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The 0.9-nisec relaxation appears to be the time constant for passage of water through the erythrocyte membrane. The principal obstacle to a firmer attribution of τ1 is the unknown time constant for temperature equilibrium of the erythrocyte interior with the heated saline solution.
Measuring the degree of exchange market intervention in a small open economy

Abstract In this article, I introduce an index of intervention activity which can be calculated on the basis of observed data. This intervention index measures intervention activity as the proportion of exchange market pressure relieved by exchange market intervention. The properties of the intervention index are established analytically using a model of a small open economy with rational expectations. The index is used to calculate measures of bilateral and multilateral intervention for Canada over the period 1975–1990.
Effect of zinc deficiency on alcohol dehydrogenase activity and nutrient uptake in rice

(...) Five days after flooding the control plants showed signs of Zn deficiency. The plants were harvested 17 d after flooding. Aboveground dry matter production by the fertilized plants (x=0.91 g) was significantly greater than that of the Zn-deficient control plants (x=0.24 g). Plant tissue analysis revealed that Zn-deficient plants accumulated divalent cations at the expense of monovalent cations (...)
Religious activity improves life satisfaction for some physicians and older patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess religious perceptions and activities of physicians and older patients and to determine whether religious activities are associated with life satisfaction. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional survey of practicing Virginia internists and psychiatrists and hospitalized or institutionalized (nursing home) older adults. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred randomly sampled practicing physicians and 55 hospitalized or institutionalized older patients. METHODS: A mailed survey was used for the physicians and a structured interview for the patients. All subjects provided information pertaining to demographics and life satisfaction using the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-B). For physicians or patients who engaged in any religious activity, the Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religiosity (I/E-R) scale was used. RESULTS: Of the 100 physicians (49 internists and 51 psychiatrists) who answered the survey (50% response rate), 75% used religious activity as a coping resource (39% somewhat, 36% definitely). There was a positive correlation between intrinsic religious activity (e.g., prayer, Bible reading) and life satisfaction (r = .293, P =. 042). Of the 55 patients interviewed, 47 (86%) used religion as a coping resource, and intrinsic religious activity was positively associated with life satisfaction (r =. 843, P <. 001). Even after controlling for age, gender, health, and marital status, intrinsic religious activity remained a predictor of higher life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Intrinsic religious activity is associated positively with life satisfaction in physicians and ill older adults.
Examples of dental dysplasia.

Abstract In the disease classified as “ectodermal dysplasia,” there may exist many variations in the total number of teeth that are congenitally absent, the classic dental finding being anodontia with underdeveloped dental arches. In this particular study, there were a few cases in which the dental findings suggested possible ectodermal dysplasia; however, the other findings were generally absent, so these cases were not indexed as ectodermal disease and, hence, not included. The marvel may be not that variations in the dentition do occur but rather that they do not occur with greater frequency. In progeria the dentition does not seem to suffer as does the rest of the organism. There is a tendency. for delayed eruption of the deciduous teeth to occur and an awareness of the overcrowding which obviously would follow the eruption of the secondary dentition because of the lack of dimensional jaw development. No opportunity presented to allow examination of the dental tissues or their supporting structures in the two cases of progeria herein described.
Nutrition and health in low income urban areas of the third world

Data are presented which illustrate the profound differences that exist in health and nutrition status between different income groups in cities of the developing world. The intra‐urban differences cited seem to be greater than urban to rural differences. Adequate services, data collection and program planning is hampered by the inability of decision makers to recognize squatters as official city residents, entitled to municipal services. The dependence on wage income, the instability of employment, and the high residential densities contribute to the onset of disease and malnutrition for the urban squatter family.
The Past, Present, and Future of Dynamic Performance Research

This article reviews the extensive history of dynamic performance research, with the goal of providing a clear picture of where the field has been, where it is now, and where it needs to go. Past research has established that job performance does indeed change, but the implications of this dynamism and the predictability of performance trends remain unresolved. Theories are available to help explain dynamic performance, and although far from providing an unambiguous understanding of the phenomenon, they offer direction for future theoretical development. Dynamic performance research does suffer from a number of methodological difficulties, but new techniques have emerged that present even more opportunities to advance knowledge in this area. From this review, I propose research questions to bridge the theoretical and methodological gaps of this area. Answering these questions can advance both research involving job performance prediction and our understanding of the effects of human resource interventions.
Peer Victimization and School Safety: The Role of Coping Effectiveness

Peer victimization is a documented antecedent of poor mental health outcomes for children and adolescents. This article explored the role of coping effectiveness in the association between victimization and perceived school safety. A sample of urban middle school students (N = 509) in the southeastern United States were surveyed regarding victimization, coping behaviors, and school climate. Data analysis were conducted in Mplus (Version 6.1) with a Bayesian analytic approach that allowed for incorporation of findings from a previous study using comparable measures (Varjas, Henrich, & Meyers, 2009). The findings supported a hypothesized buffering effect of coping effectiveness on the association between victimization and school safety. Unexpectedly, there was a suppressing indirect effect of coping effectiveness on the association between victimization and safety. These findings are discussed in terms of the importance of participatory action models of research and understanding developmental trends in chi...
Antigen Mimicry by Anti-idiotypic Antibodies: Study of Interactions between Complementary Surfaces in Macromolecules

Anti-idiotypic antibodies were obtained from New Zealand White rabbits injected with affinity-purified rabbit anti-TrpR antibodies. In gel mobility shift studies, such immunoglobulin preparations were shown to contain one or more species able to form specific complexes with DNA molecules bearing a trp operator. In competitive ELISA assays, the binding of anti-idiotypic antibodies to operator-bearing DNA was reversed by TrpR. The demonstration that the immune repertoire contains information for operator-specific DNA-binding proteins may be relevant to the etiology of certain autoimmune diseases.
Reaction Mechanism of Silicon−Hydrogen Bond Activation Studied Using Femtosecond to Nanosecond IR Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Methods

The Si−H bond activation reactions by group VIIB, d6 organometallic compounds η5-CpM(CO)3 (M = Mn, Re; Cp = C5 H5) were studied in neat triethylsilane under ambient conditions. Utilizing femtosecond and nanosecond pump−probe spectroscopic methods, the spectral evolution of the CO stretching bands was monitored from 300 fs to tens of microseconds following UV photolysis. The reactive intermediates observed on the ultrafast time scale were also studied using ab initio quantum chemical modeling. It was found that photolysis of the manganese tricarbonyl resulted in dicarbonyls in their singlet or triplet electronic states, whereas photolysis of the rhenium complex led only to the singlet dicarbonyl. The branching ratio of the two manganese intermediates was measured and was related to different electronic excited states. For both the Mn and Re complexes, the reactions were found to be divided into two pathways of distinct time scales by the initial solvation of the dicarbonyls through the Si−H bond or an ethy...