cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presidential Impeachment: A Contemporary Analysis

Talk about impeaching President Donald Trump increases as the Democratic Party reclaims control of the House of representatives following the 2018 mid-term elections. The very next day Americans awake to learn of these developments and just hours later that Attorney General Jeff Sessions has been fired, “replacing him with a loyalist who has echoed the president’s complaints about the special counsel investigation into Russia’s election interference and will now take charge of the inquiry.” As a Constitutional crisis looms large over the Trump Presidency, now is a good time to examine the history and role of impeachment in our constitutional system, how it works, and likely implication given what is now known about the Trump presidency. This Article proceeds in nine parts. First, is an examination of the Constitutional provision for impeachment. Second, is a look at the history of U.S. presidential impeachment proceedings in general. Third, a discussion about the impeachment proceedings of President Andrew Johnson is presented. Fourth, the unique situation in more recent history of Vice President Spiro Agnew is discussed. Fifth, President Richard Nixon and the impact of Watergate is offered. Sixth, the impact of President Bill Clinton’s impeachment is examined. Seventh, is a look at the mechanics of impeachment in a contemporary setting. Eighth, given facts now known, I look at the potential for President Donald Trump’s impeachment and removal, including arguments for nine currently identifiable impeachable offenses. And last, I conclude. I believe this Article comes at an important crossroads for the American democracy. The issues addressed here are timely and of profound importance to the United States, global community, and to the future of civilization. Seldom can these claims be made of a law review article.
Potent modulation of the CepR quorum sensing receptor and virulence in a Burkholderia cepacia complex member using non-native lactone ligands

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a family of closely related bacterial pathogens that are the causative agent of deadly human infections. Virulence in Bcc species has been shown to be controlled by the CepI/CepR quorum sensing (QS) system, which is mediated by an N-acyl L-homoserine lactone (AHL) signal (C8-AHL) and its cognate LuxR-type receptor (CepR). Chemical strategies to block QS in Bcc members would represent an approach to intercept this bacterial communication process and further delineate its role in infection. In the current study, we sought to identify non-native AHLs capable of agonizing or antagonizing CepR, and thereby QS, in a Bcc member. We screened a library of AHL analogs in cell-based reporters for CepR, and identified numerous highly potent CepR agonists and antagonists. These compounds remain active in a Bcc member, B. multivorans, with one agonist 250-fold more potent than the native ligand C8-AHL, and can affect QS-controlled motility. Further, the CepR antagonists prolong C. elegans survival in an infection model. These AHL analogs are the first reported non-native molecules that both directly modulate CepR and impact QS-controlled phenotypes in a Bcc member, and represent valuable chemical tools to assess the role of QS in Bcc infections.
Analysis of coke formed during zeolite-catalyzed supercritical dodecane cracking: Effect of supercritical water

Abstract Coking behavior of ZSM-5 was studied in the absence and presence of supercritical water (SCW) using dodecane cracking as a model reaction. SCW suppresses coke formation and inhibits conversion of coke precursors into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Interestingly, the thermal and structural characteristics of coke formed in the presence and absence of SCW appear to follow similar reaction trajectories, with the primary difference being rate inhibition in the presence of SCW. Further experiments indicated that SCW must suppress coke by an indirect role of catalyst modification and by a direct role involving chemical or physical participation in the coke formation mechanism. These results provide new insight into the role of SCW on coke formation and motivate future work to identify strategies for stabilizing acid sites in the presence of liquid water.
Case 38-2019: A 20-Year-Old Man with Dyspnea and Abnormalities on Chest Imaging.

A Man with Dyspnea and Abnormalities on Chest Imaging A 20-year-old man with a history of electronic-cigarette use presented to the hospital because of a history of dyspnea, intermittent fever, joi...
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Dust Particle Surface Interactions: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Molecules under Vacuum Conditions

This work reports experiments on the catalytic interaction occurring between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and TiO2 dust grain surfaces under vacuum conditions. The investigation ...
An update on guanylyl cyclase C in the diagnosis, chemoprevention, and treatment of colorectal cancer

Introduction: Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States, underscoring the need for novel therapies. Despite the successes of new targeted agents for other cancers, colorectal cancer suffers from a relative scarcity of actionable biomarkers. In this context, the intestinal receptor, guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), has emerged as a promising target.Areas covered: GUCY2C regulates a tumor-suppressive signaling axis that is silenced through loss of its endogenous ligands at the earliest stages of tumorigenesis. A body of literature supports a cancer chemoprevention strategy involving reactivation of GUCY2C through FDA-approved cGMP-elevating agents such as linaclotide, plecanatide, and sildenafil. Its limited expression in extra-intestinal tissues, and retention on the surface of cancer cells, also positions GUCY2C as a target for immunotherapies to treat metastatic disease, including vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, and antibody-drug conjugates. Likewise, GUCY2C mRNA identifies metastatic cells, enhancing colorectal cancer detection, and staging. Pre-clinical and clinical programs exploring these GUCY2C-targeting strategies will be reviewed.Expert opinion: Recent mechanistic insights characterizing GUCY2C ligand loss early in tumorigenesis, coupled with results from the first clinical trials testing GUCY2C-targeting strategies, continue to elevate GUCY2C as an ideal target for prevention, detection, and therapy.
Instrumentos de reflexión

En octubre de 1991 Enric Miralles conocio su primera promocion de estudiantes de la Staedelschule. Eramos un grupo de doce alumnos internacionales seleccionados por el profesor Peter Cook para pasar un ano trabajando sobre diferentes temas elegidos por nosotros mismos, en torno a un proyecto comun. Poco antes de que comenzara el semestre, Cook regreso a Londres como decano de la Bartlett School of Architecture y fue Miralles el elegido como profesor de este grupo de estudiantes de arquitectura. El siguiente texto relata la experiencia de un aprendizaje unico acontecido ese ano.
Characterization of nanometer-sized, mechanically exfoliated graphene on the H-passivated Si(100) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy.

We have developed a method for depositing graphene monolayers and bilayers with minimum lateral dimensions of 2–10 nm by the mechanical exfoliation of graphite onto the Si(100)-2 × 1:H surface. Room temperature, ultrahigh vacuum tunneling spectroscopy measurements of nanometer-sized single layer graphene reveal a size-dependent energy gap ranging from 0.1 to 1 eV. Furthermore, the number of graphene layers can be directly determined from scanning tunneling microscopy topographic contours. This atomistic study provides an experimental basis for probing the electronic structure of nanometer-sized graphene which can assist the development of graphene-based nanoelectronics.
Does Self-Compassion Moderate the Cross-Sectional Association Between Life Stress and Depressive Symptoms?

The central aims of the present study were to evaluate bivariate and multivariate associations between components of self-compassion and depressive symptoms, and to investigate the degree to which self-compassion and its components buffer the association between life stress and depressive symptoms. In a sample of female undergraduate students, linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total and subscale scores as predictors of depressive symptoms (n = 218), and the total and subscale scores as moderators of the cross-sectional association between negative life events and depressive symptoms (n = 216). The SCS total and subscale scores, coded such that higher scores indicated higher self-compassion, were all significantly and negatively associated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). When depressive symptoms were simultaneously regressed on all SCS subscales, high correlations among subscales limited our ability to interpret parameter estimates. A post hoc analysis was therefore conducted in which depressive symptoms were regressed on composites of positive (self-compassion) and negative (uncompassionate behavior) subscales of the SCS. Results indicated that only uncompassionate behavior was significantly associated with unique variance in depressive symptoms. Neither the SCS total score nor any of the subscale scores significantly moderated the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms. Self-compassion, particularly uncompassionate behavior, is associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, irrespective of the experience of negative life events. However, self-compassion does not buffer the positive cross-sectional association of negative life events with depressive symptoms.
Time and frequency distribution for NGVLA

The ngVLA reference design calls for a main array of 214 18-meter antennas, as well as a small baseline array of 19 6-meter antennas, and a long baseline array of 30 additional 18-meter antennas. The requirements for the ngVLA time and frequency distribution will be reviewed, and a design for the distribution of accurate time and frequency references to antennas stations for effective millimeter wave radio astronomy observing will be presented. This will include details of the central signal generation, the fiber infrastructure and signal distribution, and the low-phase-noise local oscillator design for the antenna stations.
Association of Initial Clinical Characteristics with the Need for the Intensive Care Unit and Hospitalization in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Symptomatic COVID-19

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association of initial clinical symptoms with need for hospitalization, intensive care, or death in ED patients within 30 days after presenting with acute symptomatic COVID-19. Methods This study is a retrospective case-series of patients presenting to a single ED with acute symptomatic COVID-19 from March 7–August 9, 2020. Symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were eligible for this study. Patients who tested positive for COVID-19 due to screening tests but had no reasonably associated symptoms were excluded. Participants were analyzed by three categories representative of clinical severity: intensive care unit (ICU) care/death, general ward admission, and ED discharge/convalescence at home. Outcomes were ascertained 30 days after initial presentation to account for escalation in severity after the ED visit. We conducted univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to report odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between hospital or ICU care/death versus convalescence at home and between ICU care/death versus general ward admission. Results In total, 994 patients were included in the study, of which, 551 (55.4%) patients convalesced at home, 314 (31.6%) patients required general ward admission, and 129 (13.0%) required ICU care or died. In the multivariable models, ED patients requiring hospital admission were more likely to be aged ≥ 65 years (adjusted OR [aOR] 7.4, 95% CI: 5.0, 10.8), Black/African American (aOR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.6, 5.8) or Asian/American Indian/Alaska Native/Other (aOR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.3), and experience dyspnea (aOR 2.7, 95% CI: 2.0, 3.7) or diarrhea (aOR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.2). However, they were less likely to experience sore throat (aOR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.6), myalgia (aOR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.7), headache (aOR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.8), or olfactory/taste disturbance (aOR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8). ED patients who required ICU care or died were more likely to experience altered mental status (aOR 3.8, 95% CI: 2.1, 6.6), but were less likely to report history of fever (0.5, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8). Conclusions COVID-19 presents with a multitude of clinical symptoms and an understanding of the association of symptoms with clinical severity may be useful for predicting ultimate patient outcomes.
Usher: an extensible framework for managing custers of virtual machines

Usher is a virtual machine management system designed to impose few constraints upon the computing environment under its management. Usher enables administrators to choose how their virtual machine environment will be configured and the policies under which they will be managed. The modular design of Usher allows for alternate implementations for authentication, authorization, infrastructure handling, logging, and virtual machine scheduling. The design philosophy of Usher is to provide an interface whereby users and administrators can request virtual machine operations while delegating administrative tasks for these operations to modular plugins. Usher's implementation allows for arbitrary action to be taken for nearly any event in the system. Since July 2006, Usher has been used to manage virtual clusters at two locations under very different settings, demonstrating the flexibility of Usher to meet different virtual machine management requirements.
A History of Site Valuation Rules: Functions and Empirical Evidence

It is commonplace to think of the price of land as an amount per unit of area. This may be inappropriate, because it appears that the value of land increases at a decreasing rate as area increases in some situations, and frontage and depth may affect value differently. Various rules have been developed to aid in the process of estimating site value. This paper describes the functional forms of these rules and provides estimates of the parameters of these rules utilizing historical data. The hypotheses that value is a concave function of both frontage and depth cannot be rejected.
Modeling of atmospheric effects on the angular distribution of a backscattering peak

Atmospheric radiative transfer calculations with extremely high angular resolution of the radiance distribution are used to analyze the effects of atmospheric multiple scattering and absorption on the angular distribution of a narrow retroreflection peak such as the canopy hot spot, or Heiligenschein. Using a realistic aerosol-loaded atmospheric model, the results demonstrate that the angular width of the model hot spot (for half widths between 1 degrees and 4 degrees and various types of vegetative canopies) is, to within about 10%, invariant to atmospheric perturbations for total optical depths of the atmosphere up to 1.0 at 0.55 mu m and up to 0.9 at 0.86 mu m. This result is a consequence of the angular filter effect of the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function and the comparatively broad angular signature of atmospheric backscattering. However, the contrast ratio of the backscattering peak is strongly influenced by atmospheric extinction. As a consequence for satellite remote sensing, the results indicate that the canopy hot spot can be classified as an angular reflectance signature with an angular width that remains invariant to atmospheric scattering and absorption. >
Domain Duplication and Gene Elongation

A protein domain is a well-defined region within a protein that performs a specific function. Thus duplication of a protein domain may enhance the function of the protein. The fact that many extant proteins contain duplicated domains suggests that present-day complex proteins have evolved from simple proteins mainly via domain duplication. Keywords: protein domain; duplication; exons; module; new function
Suppression of the high-p(T) charged-hadron R(AA) at the LHC.

We present a parameter-free postdiction of the high-${p}_{T}$ charged-hadron nuclear modification factor (${R}_{AA}$) in two centralities, measured by the CMS Collaboration in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The evolution of the bulk medium is modeled using viscous fluid dynamics, with parameters adjusted to describe the soft hadron yields and elliptic flow. Assuming the dominance of radiative energy loss, we compute the medium modification of the ${R}_{AA}$ using a perturbative QCD-based formalism, the higher twist scheme. The transverse momentum diffusion coefficient $\stackrel{^}{q}$ is assumed to scale with the entropy density and is normalized by fitting the ${R}_{AA}$ in the most central Au-Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. This setup is validated in noncentral Au-Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and then extrapolated to Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC, keeping the relation between $\stackrel{^}{q}$ and entropy density unchanged. We obtain a satisfactory description of the CMS ${R}_{AA}$ over the ${p}_{T}$ range from 10 to 100 GeV.
Finding a voice in Shakti: A therapeutic approach for Hindu Indian women

SUMMARY Despite their growing numbers, Asian Indians in the U.S., specifically Indian women, seek mental health services at a lower rate than other populations, but not due to a lesser need. This paper seeks to present an emergent intervention model for working with Hindu Indian immigrant and second-generation women by incorporating components of Hinduism and an understanding of the cultural ideals and gender roles in Indian culture. Cultural values and religious beliefs are explored through descriptions of the roles of women, impact of immigration, and the ethnic-specific constructs of mental illness and spiritual functioning for this population. Special emphasis is placed on the Hindu concept of Shakti, spiritual feminine power, explicating the conflict between the dichotomous roles maintained by Indian women living in the U.S. and ways in which Shakti can serve as a construct of change in the therapeutic process. Information for a therapist to apply these principles even when unfamiliar with Hinduism i...
Switch-level delay test of domino logic circuits

We address the testing of delay faults in domino circuits that contain complex gates. The different ways in which these faults can cause errors are demonstrated. We identify structures in both the evaluate and the precharge logic that should be tested for delay faults. We propose conditions to generate delay tests for them, and outline extensions to handle mixed static-domino circuits. Testability results are reported for benchmark circuits that are mapped to domino gates and in-house domino circuits.
A review of the performance of an acoustic current meter

The Test and Evaluation Laboratory of NOAA/National Ocean Survey (NOS) recently completed a limited performance evaluation of three Neil Brown Instrument Systems acoustic current meters (NBIS ACM-1's) for the NOAA Data Buoy Office. Steady flow calibrations were performed on the four cardinal measurement axes, as well as directivity response evaluation in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Calibrations were performed on the solid-state compass used for magnetic heading reference in the current meters. Environmental tests were conducted in accordance with MIL-STD-167B for vibration testing, and environmental temperature tests were guided by MIL-STD-810C. The methods and procedures for these tests are discussed, and evaluation results are graphically displayed.
Hair Cell Loss, Spiral Ganglion Degeneration, and Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Mice with Targeted Deletion of Slc44a2/Ctl2

SLC44A2 (solute carrier 44a2), also known as CTL2 (choline transporter-like protein 2), is expressed in many supporting cell types in the cochlea and is implicated in hair cell survival and antibody-induced hearing loss. In mice with the mixed C57BL/6-129 background, homozygous deletion of Slc44a2 exons 3–10 (Slc44a2Δ/Δ) resulted in high-frequency hearing loss and hair cell death. To reduce effects associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL) in these strains, mice carrying the Slc44a2Δ allele were backcrossed to the ARHL-resistant FVB/NJ strain and evaluated after backcross seven (N7) (99 % FVB). Slc44a2Δ/Δ mice produced abnormally spliced Slc44a2 transcripts that contain a frameshift and premature stop codons. Neither full-length SLC44A2 nor a putative truncated protein could be detected in Slc44a2Δ/Δ mice, suggesting a likely null allele. Auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) of mice carrying the Slc44a2Δ allele on an FVB/NJ genetic background were tested longitudinally between the ages of 2 and 10 months. By 6 months of age, Slc44a2Δ/Δ mice exhibited hearing loss at 32 kHz, but at 12 and 24 kHz had sound thresholds similar to those of wild-type Slc44a2+/+ and heterozygous +/Slc44a2Δ mice. After 6 months of age, Slc44a2Δ/Δ mutants exhibited progressive hearing loss at all frequencies and +/Slc44a2Δ mice exhibited moderate threshold elevations at high frequency. Histologic evaluation of Slc44a2Δ/Δ mice revealed extensive hair cell and spiral ganglion cell loss, especially in the basal turn of the cochlea. We conclude that Slc44a2 function is required for long-term hair cell survival and maintenance of hearing.
Ecosystem engineering by beavers affects mayfly life histories

SUMMARY 1. The North American beaver has been studied as a model ecosystem engineer for many decades. Previous studies have documented physical, chemical and biological impacts attributed to beaver engineering in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. This study focused on the effects of ecosystem engineering by beavers on life histories of a common mayfly and on the potential consequences for mayfly populations. 2. We studied 18 montane beaver ponds of varying size and shape in western Colorado near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. Our goal was to test whether variation in beaver pond morphology (pond size and shape) explains downstream changes in stream temperature, mayfly size and timing of emergence. 3. Downstream water temperatures varied predictably with pond morphology, being colder downstream of high-head dams and warmer downstream of low-head dams. Pond morphology was also a significant predictor of variation in the size of mature female Baetis bicaudatus (the most abundant mayfly), with larger females emerging downstream of highhead dams and smaller females downstream of low-head dams. The size of male B. bicaudatus was not significantly related to pond morphology or stream temperature. There was no relationship between pond morphology and variation in the timing of emergence of Baetis (males or females) between upstream and downstream reaches. 4. Our results have implications for the effects of beaver ponds on Baetis individual fitness because large Baetis females are more fecund. Therefore, predictable female size variation associated with beaver pond morphology makes it possible to model the effects of beaver activity on local contributions of Baetis to the regional pool of reproductive adults at the catchment scale. Additionally, predictable changes in the size of emerging mayflies may have important consequences for the magnitude of aquatic to terrestrial resource subsidies in beaver-modified systems.
Manuscript Witness to Power and Politics at Central European Episcopal Centers

Medieval institutions have frequently been considered either in terms of physi- cal edifice or, in the discipline of musicology, in terms of a so-called, often ill- defined, but nevertheless taken as self-evident, music liturgical “repertories.” This contribution discusses a more elusive, yet authentic, relationship between spiritual-social-physical cathedral institutions and the manuscripts produced by these institutions, concentrating on, and comparing, episcopal centers in central France and central Europe.
Physiological differences between lean and siscowet lake trout morphotypes: Are these metabolotypes?

Results of a past study on lean and siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) reared under identical conditions from conception indicated that differences in growth and morphometry between these morphotypes have a genetic basis. Using these cultured lake trout, we found that siscowet lake trout had higher lipid levels and lower glycogen levels as compared with lean lake trout in skeletal muscle and liver. Lean lake trout also had higher circulating levels of lipids and glucose compared with siscowet lake trout. Analysis of F1 progeny from crosses of the cultured morphotypes showed that progeny of crosses between siscowet females and siscowet males had higher lipid levels than all other crosses. The combined results indicate that the lake trout morphotypes differ substantially in the storage of energy, which may be related to their specific life histories. Siscowets store energy preferentially as lipid and appear to be more efficient in moving lipid from the blood into the muscle and liver. The lipid in s...
Some Concepts Affecting Costs of Cement Plant Electrical Maintenance

Some cement manufacturers have estimated that over half their plant equipment shutdowns are electrical in origin, although repair consumes only ten percent of the total downtime. If these electrically caused shutdowns can be reduced, total downtime of certain departments in a cement plant can be significantly decreased.
A class of rifR RNA polymerase mutations that interferes with the expression of coliphage λ late genes

Abstract This report describes the isolation and characterization of a class of RNA polymerase ( rif R ) mutations in Escherichia coli strain C600 that retards the growth of bacteriophage λ. In a typical example of this class of mutants, strain C600 rif R -2, phage early functions ( p N, pint, pxis , phage DNA replication, and phage early mRNA synthesis) are expressed normally. However, the expression of late phage functions (late mRNA synthesis, lysozyme synthesis, and virus production) is delayed in this host. Since the transcription of late λ genes depends partially on the prior synthesis of phage gene Q protein ( p Q), this defect could reflect either an inability of p Q to work properly in the mutant host (activity model) or reduced p Q synthesis in this host (synthesis model). The synthesis model is supported by two results: (1) phage growth in the absence of p Q is also defective in the mutant host; and (2) phage mutations, nin 5 and byp , which bypass the need for p N at transcription termination signal t R2 overcome the host defect. Thus, this defect must at least in part reflect a reduced ability of p N to allow transcription beyond termination signal t R2 into the Q gene. However, it cannot be ruled out that the rif R -2 mutation might also affect p Q activity. Since p N works normally in the mutant host to overcome transcription barriers at sites t R1 and t L , the host RNA polymerase mutation appears to affect the ability of p N to act at the various phage transcription termination signals differentially. A strain containing both the rif R -2 mutation and a second host mutation defective for phage p N activity, nus A-1 (Friedman et al. , 1973a), has been constructed and is significantly more defective for phage growth than can be accounted for by the additive defects produced by both single mutations. This synergistic effect suggests that proper interaction between at least two host components (RNA polymerase and pnus A) and a phage component ( p N) is essential for normal transcription of the λ genome.
Affinity labeling of rat cytochrome P450C24 (CYP24) and identification of Ser57 as an active site residue

25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)- or 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-24R-hydroxylase (cytochromeP450C24 or CYP24) has a dual role of removing 25-OH-D(3) from circulation and excess 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) from kidney. As a result, CYP24 is an important multifunctional regulatory enzyme that maintains essential tissue-levels of Vitamin D hormone. As a part of our continuing interest in structure-function studies characterizing various binding proteins in the Vitamin D endocrine system, we targeted recombinant rat CYP24 with a radiolabeled 25-OH-D(3) affinity analog, and showed that the 25-OH-D(3)-binding site was specifically labeled by this analog. An affinity labeled sample of CYP24 was subjected to MS/MS analysis, which identified Ser57 as the only amino acid residue in the entire length of the protein that was covalently modified by this analog. Site-directed mutagenesis was conducted to validate the role of Ser57 towards substrate-binding. S57A mutant displayed significantly lower binding capacity for 25-OH-D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). On the other hand, S57D mutant strongly enhanced binding for the substrates and conversion of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to calcitroic acid. The affinity probe was anchored via the 3-hydroxyl group of 25-OH-D(3). Therefore, these results suggested that the 3-hydroxyl group (of 25-OH-D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) in the S57D mutant could be stabilized by hydrogen bonding or a salt bridge leading to enhanced substrate affinity and metabolism.
Mitosis in the basidiomycete fungus Tulasnella araneosa

This is a report of a light and electron microscopic study of mitosis in the basidiomycetous fungusTulasnella araneosa. The study employs serial section analyses of nuclei preselected with fluorescence microscopy. It is the first such study of nuclear division in theTulasnellaceae and the first of conjugately dividing nuclei in basidiomycetous hyphal segments lacking clamp connections. Mitosis inT. araneosa is unusual in that the spindle pole body (SPB) develops asymmetrically; the SPB middle piece is large and transversely curved; and the nuclear envelopes of adjacent late anaphase nuclei fuse. Analyses of mitotic characteristics used for phylogenetic purposes indicate that, of the many characters available, only SPB characteristics are presently valuable. Available evidence indicates that the SPB ofT. araneosa is more different from that ofUredinales than it is from representatives of the other four orders ofBasidiomycotina that have been thoroughly studied.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat evokes increases in gastric motor function

To characterize the involvement of brainstem cyclooxygenase (COX) in the vagal control of gastric motor function, tolmetin, a reversible COX inhibitor, was applied to the surface of the dorsal medulla oblongata or microinjected into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) in alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats, while intragastric pressure and contractile activity of the pyloric circular and greater curvature longitudinal muscle were monitored. Tolmetin, applied to the surface of the medulla oblongata, increased intragastric pressure and stimulated contractile activity of gastric smooth muscle. Comparable gastric motor effects were observed after microinjection of tolmetin into the DVC. All the effects of tolmetin were abolished by bilateral vagotomy at the midcervical level. These results demonstrate for the first time that COX inhibition evokes vagally-mediated gastric motor effects in the DVC of the rat and support a role for COX products in gastrointestinal regulation.
Super-hydrophobicity of nano-patterned polymer needle array

We report the fabrication and characterization of a novel porous, nano-patterned SU-8 microneedle array as a transparent super-hydrophobic surface. The 33 × 33 SU-8 microneedle array (approximately 250 µm tall) was nano-patterned by plasma treatment and coated with fluorocarbon (FC) film, which significantly increased the contact angle as high as 161° and in turn enhanced hydrophobicity.
The Brn-3a transcription factor gene (POU4F1) maps close to the locus for the variant late infantile form of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis

We have refined the location of the Brn-3a genomic locus (POU4F1), using somatic cell hybrid analysis, to 13q21.1→q22. Furthermore, we have shown that two YACs, known to contain the closest marker lin
Efficient architectural design space exploration via predictive modeling

Efficiently exploring exponential-size architectural design spaces with many interacting parameters remains an open problem: the sheer number of experiments required renders detailed simulation intractable. We attack this via an automated approach that builds accurate predictive models. We simulate sampled points, using results to teach our models the function describing relationships among design parameters. The models can be queried and are very fast, enabling efficient design tradeoff discovery. We validate our approach via two uniprocessor sensitivity studies, predicting IPC with only 1--2p error. In an experimental study using the approach, training on 1p of a 250-K-point CMP design space allows our models to predict performance with only 4--5p error. Our predictive modeling combines well with techniques that reduce the time taken by each simulation experiment, achieving net time savings of three-four orders of magnitude.
Correlation of the Flavor Characteristics of Swiss-Type Cheeses with Chemical Parameters

Abstract Fifteen Swiss-type cheeses were evaluated by a flavor profile method. The cheeses also were analyzed for free fatty acids in whole cheese and in the oil phase and for proteolysis, pH, carbonyls, and gross composition. The flavor notes and chemical parameters were grouped by factor analysis and correlated. Factor analysis showed that many of the free fatty acids varied together. The free fatty acid groups consisted of normal short-chain fatty acids (C 4 to C 10 ), long-chain fatty acids (C 12 to C 18 ), and branched short-chain and aromatic acids. Many of the flavor notes also were correlated. Characteristic Swiss cheese flavor notes were correlated with low pH, lipolysis, and acetic and propionic acids. Other flavors were negatively correlated with the oil to cheese distribution of many of the free fatty acids and positively correlated with pH, salt concentration, proteolysis, moisture, branched and aromatic acids, and carbonyls.
Continuous real-time computation and display of systolic time intervals from surgical patients☆

Abstract The noninvasive measurement of systolic time intervals (STI) during surgery is expected to provide a useful index of the status of the patient's heart. A PDP-11 based system has been developed to continuously measure and report these intervals in real time. The software has been designed to allow easy implementation of a variety of monitoring tasks, in addition to STI. To accomplish this, a general purpose control program was developed which maintains a multipatient environment and performs all operations which are task independent. Applications modules, specific to the parameters being measured, are called from the control program. For STI, these modules operate on samples of the ECG, carotid pulse, and heart sounds to obtain the onsets of the QRS, systolic upstroke, dicrotic notch, and second heart sound. Every 15 sec, other modules derive mean and standard deviation of the preejection period (PEP), left-ventricular ejection time (LVET), and heart rate. Trend graphs of these parameters are displayed in the operating room. The accuracy of computer-determined STI was evaluated by comparing manual and machine measurements of 250 randomly selected heartbeats. The mean difference between the measurements was less than 1.5 ± 7 (SD) msec.
Will the Real Refugees Please Stand Up?: War, Revolution, and the Politics of the Subei Refugee Crisis, 1940–1948

In the waning years of the civil war, the Shanghai municipal government confronted a thorny and unprecedented problem: tens of thousands of Subei refugees had taken shelter in the coffin repositories and temporary burial facilities owned by the city’s native place associations. This article examines how the situation became a lightning rod of controversy in the context of the civil war. Drawing on new archival sources that capture the experiences of Subei refugees in their own words, it shows how a previously marginalized group invoked claims of righteous resistance to counter allegations of immoral and unlawful behavior. In doing so, Subei refugees asserted themselves at the center of debates about social rights and the legitimacy of the Nationalist government.
Few slopes without colinearity

Here it is shown that n points in the plane, no three on a line, always determine at least n slopes, with equality iff the n points are the vertices of an affinely regular polygon. Some bounds are also obtained on the minimum number of slopes when some of the points are required to lie in the interior of the convex hull.
Phenomenon of intergranular cavitation and failure in superplasticity

Abstract The development of Al-Li alloys has generated great interest in the aircraft industry. This is not only because of their low density and high stiffness but also their superplastic formability. Superplastic forming allows weight saving, simplified fabrication processes, and design benefits. In this paper, the superplastic failure of an Al-Li alloy has been studied and the effect of hydrostatic confining pressure on failure has been also investigated. It is shown that the superposition of the hydrostatic confining gas pressure substantially retards the superplastic failure of this alloy in both uniaxial and biaxial loading states.
A structural aspect of α(α2) → lamellar α2 + γ transformation in γ-TiAl

A structural mechanism for fine lamellar microstructure formation (α(α2) → α2 + γ fine lamellae) in γ-TiAl-based as-atomized powders is discussed. The powder particles show a high density of basal stacking faults, formed by dissociation (on a basal plane) of a single screw dislocation jogged at multiple locations inside an α–α2 grain. dislocations emitted from the prior α(α2)–α(α2) grain boundaries which repeatedly cross-slip from the basal plane into prismatic plane, give rise to a staircase-like stacking-fault nucleation mechanism. The basal stacking faults eventually escape from the pinning jogs and grow to form γ lamellae. It is inferred that the thickness and distribution of γ lamellae can be modified by controlling the jog heights and the number of dislocations emitted from the grain boundary.
Managing Venous Stasis Disease and Ulcers

Venous leg ulcers are arguably the most common type of venous ulcers seen in clinical practice. Compression therapy is the essential intervention in venous leg ulcer treatment, but coexisting arterial vascular insufficiency must be excluded before compression is initiated. No single topical dressing has been shown to be superior for all wounds. Venous leg ulcers are chronic and often difficult to heal, with only 40% to 70% healing after 6 months of treatment. Surgical procedures to reduce venous hypertension do not accelerate healing of a chronic ulcer, but trials suggest a decreased rate of future recurrence after surgery.
Stress-Induced Electronic Transition (2.5 Order) in Al

The effect of uniaxial stress ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) on the superconducting transition temperature (${T}_{c}$), resistivity ($\ensuremath{\rho}$), and magnetothermopower of Al has been measured. It has been found that ${[\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}{T}_{c}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\sigma}}]}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}=0}=(9.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ K/Pa. Further, it is found that an anomaly exists in $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}{T}_{c}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ and $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\rho}}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ near $\ensuremath{\sigma}=0.5$ GPa, and that the magnetothermopower oscillations associated with the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ orbit in the third-zone electron surface disappear at $\ensuremath{\sigma}=0.54$ GPa.
Reverbalize: A Crowdsourced Reverberation Controller

One of the most commonly-used audio production tools is the reverberator. Reverberators apply subtle or large echo effects to sound and are typically used in commercial audio recordings. Current reverberator interfaces are often complex and hard-to-understand. In this work, we describe Reverbalize, a novel and easy-to-use interface for a reverberator. Reverbalize uses crowdsourced data to create a 2-dimensional map of adjectives used to describe reverberation (e.g. "underwater'). Adjacent words describe similar reverberation effects. Word size correlates with agreement for the definition of a word. To use Reverbalize, the user simply clicks on the descriptive adjective that best describes the desired effect. The tool modifies the sound accordingly. A text search box also lets the user type in the desired word.
The Role of Antibody in the Activation of the Alternative Complement Pathway

The alternative complement pathway can be activated in the absence of specific antibody by the surface of certain cells and particles that provide a microenvironment in which the affinity of the regulatory protein H for surface-bound Cab is low. There is now abundant evidence that antibody can enhance activation. Evidence for a role of antibody independent of its classical-pathway function has accrued from experiments with purified proteins of the alternative pathway, sera genetically deficient in C4 and C2, and chelating agents specific for calcium so as to prevent activation of C1. Three models have been employed to demonstrate a function of antibody in the alternative pathway: complexes of antibody with soluble antigen; antibody directed against naturally occurring particulate activators, including zymosan, rabbit and mouse erythrocytes, the pneumococcus, and several types of virus-infected, mammalian cells [17]; and antibody directed against certain nonactivating particles, such as the streptococcus [17]. Because antibody may exert its effect in these systems by different mechanisms, each system will be discussed separately.
The Reproducibility versus Debuggability of Research

This column contributes to the argument about making research data publicly available. The author argues that, while having the data released is highly desirable, research results often bring value to the community even without the accompanied data. He further suggests a middle-ground solution in which research data would be preserved without being released for the purpose of debuggability of research results.
Linear stability theory model for finger formation in asymmetric membranes

Abstract Various features of asymmetric membrane morphology are studied via a linear stability theory model which is corroborated by experimental studies. This model concerns the formation of spatial structures in a stationary liquid layer containing a nonvolatile and a volatile component; the volatile component is assumed to undergo unsteady-state, one-dimensional mass transfer into an adjacent immiscible and inviscid phase. The system is predicted to be unstable whenever random perturbations of the interface result in lowering of the local interfacial tension, due to very steep concentration profiles of the components near the interface. When applied to the description of precipitating polymer/solvent systems, the model predicts the spacing of the largest-scale spatial structures to be 4.2 times the final membrane thickness. This corroborates well with observations of finger spacing in cross-sections of asymmetric membranes. The model explains qualitatively the formation of both small-scale fingers and nodules observed in many asymmetric membranes.
On the Physiological Role of Internodal Potassium Channels and the Security of Conduction in Myelinated Nerve Fibres

A theoretical analysis of the passive electrical properties of normal myelinated nerve suggests that the function of the voltage-dependent potassium channels in the internodal axolemma under the myelin sheath is to permit the generation of an internodal resting potential. Calculation shows that if this internodal potential were not present, the nodal potential would be reduced (by electrotonic short-circuiting) thus impairing the security of conduction. This impairment is particularly pronounced with smaller diameter fibres.
Lubricant Degradation and Wear III. Antioxidant Reactions and Wear Behavior of a Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate in a Fully Formulated Lubricant

Earlier model systems studies have shown that the products of the antioxidant reactions of a zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDTP) with peroxy radicals are ineffective as antiwear agents. Now a similar study has been carried out with a fully formulated synthetic hydrocarbon/ester engine oil aged in fleet tests. The results are consistent with those reported earlier and indicate that the previous conclusion can be extended to a fully formulated lubricant in service. It was found that base stocks containing esters can exhibit increased wear upon addition of ZDTP. However, this can be suppressed by other oil additives. A study of the wear behavior of admixtures of a ZDTP and a hindered phenol reacted with peroxy radicals showed that the hindered phenol did not protect the ZDTP from degradation by antioxidant reactions, a result consistent with analysis of IR spectra presented in the accompanying paper (1). Presented at the 34th Annual Meeting in St. Louis, Missouri, April 30–May 3, 1979
Seismic evidence for silicate melt atop the 410-km mantle discontinuity

LABORATORY results demonstrating that basic to ultrabasic melts become denser than olivine-rich mantle at pressures above 6 GPa (refs 1–3) have important implications for basalt petrogenesis, mantle differentiation and the storage of volatiles deep in the Earth. A density cross-over between melt and solid in the extensively molten Archaean mantle has been inferred from komatiitic volcanism4–6 and major-element mass balances7, but present-day evidence of dense melt below the seismic low-velocity zone is lacking. Here we present mantle shear-wave impedance profiles obtained from multiple-ScS reverberation mapping for corridors connecting western Pacific subduction zone earthquakes with digital seismograph stations in eastern China, imaging a ∼5.8% impedance decrease roughly 330 km beneath the Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea and easternmost Asia. We propose that this represents the upper surface of a layer of negatively buoyant melt lying on top of the olivine→β-phase transition (the 410-km seismic discontinuity). Volatile-rich fluids expelled from the partial melt zone as it freezes may migrate upwards, acting as metasomatic agents8,9 and perhaps as the deep 'proto-souree' of kimberlites10,11. The remaining, dense, crystalline fraction would then concentrate above 410 km, producing a garnet-rich layer that may flush into the transition zone.