cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survival of DNA-injected cow embryos temporarily cultured in rabbit oviducts.

Abstract Holstein or Angus cows were superovulated, inseminated with fresh bull semen, and necropsied about 12 h after estimated time of ovulation. Ova were centrifuged at 15,600 G for 3 to 8 min to reveal pronuclei. In Experiment 1, pronuclear bovine embryos were transferred to ligated or unligated oviducts of 1-d pseudopregnant rabbits for 7 d; 30 of 32 embryos were recovered from ligated oviducts but only 2 of 26 from oviducts and uterine horns of unligated oviducts. In Experiment 2, a Rous sarcoma virus-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase fusion gene was injected into one pronucleus of about half of 404 fertilized bovine ova, using a micromanipulator and interference contrast optics. Injected and noninjected embryos were then transferred to opposite ligated rabbit oviducts. Embryos were recovered after 7, 8 or 9 d. Of 120 centrifuged but ininjected embryos recovered from rabbit oviducts, 66 (55%) were in the morula to hatching blastocyst stage of development. Of 105 embryos centrifuged and injected with foreign DNA, 55 (52%) were in the morula to hatching blastocyst stage. In Experiment 3, centrifuged bovine embryos, noninjected or DNA-injected, were cultured in rabbit oviducts for 7 d then transferred nonsurgically to the uterus of recipient cows. Embryos were also flushed from superovulated cows 8 d after estrus and transferred directly to recipient cows. After 7 d, the uterus of recipient cows was flushed nonsurgically to recover embryos. The proportion of transferred embryos recovered with normally elongated trophoblastic membranes and the proportion of recipient cows with developing embryos were 14 of 25 DNA-injected embryos, 5 of 8 cows; 6 of 15 centrifuged but noninjected embryos, 4 of 6 cows; and 11 of 29 embryos transferred directly, 5 of 8 cows. Results indicate that bovine embryos can be cultured in rabbit oviducts and survive after transfer to cow uteri and that injection of foreign DNA may not increase embryonic loss within the first 2 wk after injection.
Assessment of Evaluation of Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with Genetic Disorders

A survey of the status of pediatric and neonatal care in a university general hospital was conducted for a 12-month period in order to define existing needs and plan for improved inpatient genetic management. The records of 218 patients with one of 22 specified disorders were reviewed to evaluate the na ture of documented genetic considerations and formulated dispositions during hospitalization. The 22 clinical entities were classified as chromosomal, single- gene, polygenic, or possibly genetic. In 15.1 per cent of cases the need for genetic counseling was recognized and recorded on the patient's chart. Sixteen of the 218 records (7.3%) met the minimum criteria for a "genetic disposition." Suggestions for improving the hospital clinical management of patients with genetic disorders are presented.
Systemic CD5+ MALT lymphoma: presentation with Waldenstrom syndrome.

Abstract We report a case of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) in a 75-year-old woman with a neuropathy related to high levels of serum immunoglobulin M and a history of rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis. The patient developed a mass in the right submandibular salivary gland, and this mass demonstrated histopathologic features that are typical of MALT lymphoma, including infiltrates of small monocytoid B cells in the epithelium (forming “lymphoepithelial lesions”), a reactive background of florid germinal center hyperplasia, and follicular colonization by the monocytoid B cells. Many plasma cells in the background expressed cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M lambda, matching the serum spike. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the presence of clonal mature B cells; however, unlike most MALT lymphomas, these cells coexpressed dim CD5. Clinical staging revealed evidence of systemic distribution with documented disease involving the bone marrow, the lung, and a paratracheal lymph node. Analysis of this unusual systemic MALT lymphoma, and a comparison with similar examples from the literature, illuminates relationships among MALT lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
Mechanical and fatigue properties of stress relieved type 302 stainless steel wire

Type 302 stainless steel wire is manufactured using a cold extrusion process. The cold working increases the ultimate strength of the wire from approximately 690 MPa to 2070 MPa. However, the cold working process creates residual stresses and surface microcracks in the wire. The residual stresses and microcracks reduce the fatigue life of the wire considerably. Elimination or minimization of residual stresses and microcracks is necessary if longer fatigue life is required. Residual stresses or microcracks in a wire can be minimized by a heat treatment process, which could improve both its mechanical properties and fatigue properties.
Non-cooperative stochastic dominance games

A non-cooperative stochastic dominance game is a non-cooperative game in which the only knowledge about the players' preferences and risk attitudes is presumed to be their preference orders on the set ofn-tuples of pure strategies. Stochastic dominance equilibria are defined in terms of mixed strategies for the players that are efficient in the stochastic dominance sense against the strategies of the other players. It is shown that the set of SD equilibria equals all Nash equilibria that can be obtained from combinations of utility functions that are consistent with the players' known preference orders. The latter part of the paper looks at antagonistic stochastic dominance games in which some combination of consistent utility functions is zero-sum over then-tuples of pure strategies.
Diesel fuel marine and sediment analysis: Supercritical ammonia extraction and direct fluid injection — mass spectrometry

Abstract The technique of direct fluid injection-mass spectrometry has been applied to the characterization of the polar components of diesel fuel marine. Two fractionation schemes involving alumina and silica column chromatography were used for initial separation into four fractions. DFI-m.s. with ammonia chemical ionization was used to provide selective detection of the more polar DFM components. Results were also obtained for supercritical ammonia extraction of the insoluble fuel sediments formed by aging the DFM samples and for the highly polar components adsorbed on silica particles during column fractionation. The results show that DFI-m.s. allows a rapid evaluation of the molecular weight distribution of the polar components in these fuels, including the most polar materials which are not amenable to conventional extraction and analysis methods.
The BEPE – Break-Even Price of Energy: A financial figure of merit for renewable energy projects

Abstract Renewable energy is a fact, with more than 1580 GW installed worldwide growing up to 2350 GW expected for 2018 [1] . Driven by increasing conventional fuels prices and limited reserves, the energy mix for covering the world's demand is rapidly including renewable energy sources, providing carbon free energy as well as energy independence. Some studies claim the costs of renewable energy as one of the most important barriers to accelerate their deployment and reach a complete change in the energy model [2] . In this scenario, the cost of energy becomes one of the most important figures of merit for analyzing renewable energy projects. However, defining the cost of energy as figure of merit is not a trivial issue and most times is being done with different criteria, thus leading to different results difficult to compare. In this paper, a new figure of merit for renewable energy projects is presented alongside the methodology for its calculation. This figure of merit is not based on the cost of energy itself, but on the price at which this energy has to be sold in an energy market to result into a profitable project. The Break-Even Price of Energy, BEPE, is proposed as a financial indicator focused on renewable energy projects developers, and takes into account all the specific aspects of each legal and financial framework. This is of major importance when considering the present renewable energy scenario, with vast influence of local conditioning factors in the cost of energy depending on the project location and technology [3] . Thus, this indicator makes it possible to compare different specific renewable energy projects, and can really help developers to decide amongst different technologies, designs, locations, legal frameworks, etc.
Some new features in the decay of 142Pr

Abstract The 142 Pr → 142 Nd decay was investigated, and a new gamma ray at 508 keV was found depopulating a level at 2084 keV. On the basis of energy, intensity and coincidence measurements using a Ge(Li) detector, a new decay scheme is proposed. The new level is probably identical to a 3 − level seen in reaction studies.
Angiotensin II is chemotactic for a T-cell subset which can express migration inhibition factor activity in murine schistosomiasis mansoni☆

Abstract In murine schistosomiasis mansoni, ova induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity, granulomatous response in which angiotensins are produced. Angiotensin II (AII) elicits a chemotaxis for splenic mononuclear cells derived from these infected animals. The effect of AII upon the migration of a T-lymphocyte subset was defined functionally to further delineate this observation. A chemotaxis chamber was developed that permitted collection of large numbers of viable cells which migrate in response to AII. In a direct migration inhibition factor (MIF) assay, MIF activity was demonstrated with 100-fold fewer chemotactically attracted cells as opposed to whole splenic leukocytes. The MIF activity was eliminated by treatment of the cells with anti-Lyt 1.1 or -Thy 1.2 serum and complement. This observation was particularly interesting since migrated and whole spleen cell populations comprised equal numbers of T cells. Incubation of spleen cells with AII prior to assay did not alter MIF activity. These findings suggest that AII is chemotactic for at least one important T-cell subset relevant to the granulomatous response.
Arthrogryposis Associated with Connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: Case Report

A newborn with multiple congenital contractures (MCC) or arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and a leukodystrophy is described. The clinical features and neurophysiological studies suggested a disorder primarily involving the central white matter. The diagnosis of connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease was made post mortem. This disorder of myelin formation should be considered in infants presenting with arthrogryposis.
Planning the treatment of the complex prosthodontic case

A plan of treatment is described for a complete maxillary denture opposing an imperfect mandibular dentition. The combination of a complete maxillary denture opposing an imperfect mandibular dentition is a challenge to all practitioners of prosthetic dentistry. A hypothetical case is used to illustrate one approach to the problem.
Effects of gender and dementia severity on Alzheimer's disease caregivers' sleep and biomarkers of coagulation and inflammation.

Abstract Background: Being a caregiver for a spouse with Alzheimer’s disease is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular illness, particularly for males. This study examined the effects of caregiver gender and severity of the spouse’s dementia on sleep, coagulation, and inflammation in the caregiver. Methods: Eighty-one male and female spousal caregivers and 41 non-caregivers participated (mean age of all participants 70.2 years). Full-night polysomnography (PSG) was recorded in each participants home. Severity of the Alzheimer’s disease patient’s dementia was determined by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. The Role Overload scale was completed as an assessment of caregiving stress. Blood was drawn to assess circulating levels of D-dimer and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results: Male caregivers who were caring for a spouse with moderate to severe dementia spent significantly more time awake after sleep onset than female caregivers caring for spouses with moderate to severe dementia (p = .011), who spent a similar amount of time awake after sleep onset to caregivers of low dementia spouses and to non-caregivers. Similarly, male caregivers caring for spouses with worse dementia had significantly higher circulating levels of D-dimer (p = .034) than females caring for spouses with worse dementia. In multiple regression analysis (adjusted R2 = .270, p Discussion: The findings suggest that males caring for spouses with more severe dementia experience more disturbed sleep and have greater coagulation, the latter being associated with the disturbed sleep. These findings may provide insight into why male caregivers of spouses with Alzheimer’s disease are at increased risk for illness, particularly cardiovascular disease.
Wear with low-lubricity fuels I. Development of a wear mapping technique

Abstract Use of low-lubricity fuels such as Jet A-1 is now relatively common in military ground equipment, while severe refinery processes such as hydrotreating are removing reactive components from commercially available diesel fuels. Under critical conditions, durability problems with fuel-sensitive equipment emerge with the use of Jet A-1. Consequently, a bench wear test that accurately reflects the environment within the fuel injection system is needed. However, a better understanding of the primary wear mechanisms present in the fuel injection system and their relationship with potential bench wear tests is first required. Wear maps have previously been used to study ceramic materials and to define the wear mechanisms in metallic contacts. This technique systematically produces a data base according to a self-consistent methodology and allows the effects of each contact parameter to be precisely described. This paper, the first of two, details the initial test development required to ensure that the data base is completed according to a single well-defined procedure. The second paper, “Correlation between wear maps and pump components”, uses the test methodologies and results developed to elucidate the wear mechanisms present in fuel-lubricated contacts and to assist in bridging the gap between laboratory tests and practical applications.
Scheduling Divisible Loads in Gaussian, Mesh and Torus Network of Processors

In this paper, we propose a novel analysis method for divisible load scheduling in mesh, torus and Gaussian network , a new type of interconnection network that has the same node degree as the mesh and torus, but shorter network diameter and shorter average hop distances under equal network size. The divisible scheduling in these three networks are uniformly formulated as the Maximum Finish Time Minimization (MFTM) problem. It involves minimizing the makespan of the load distribution and processing. The MTFM problem, a relaxed MFTM problem, a linear programming problem version and a heuristic algorithm are described and solved. The first three of these problems have identical solutions. The heuristic algorithm is close in performance to the optimal solution, significantly outperforms the previously described dimensional algorithm, and has much wider application range than the previously proposed phase algorithm.
Trace analysis in gases by laser-induced Schlieren technique

Abstract Spectral quasi-coincidences between absorption lines of molecules and laser-emission lines have been widely used for the detection of pollutants. We describe a new detection scheme which exploits the fact that an absorbed laser beam creates a change of refractive index in the gas because of heating. This change is monitored by a second laser beam with different wavelength intersecting the first one. The capabilities of this method include high sensitivity, high spatial resolution and contact-free operation.
MECHANISMS OF OPSIN ACTIVATION

Rhodopsin is constrained in an inactive conformation by interactions with 11-cis-retinal including formation of a protonated Schiff base with Lys296. Upon photoisomerization, major structural rearrangements that involve protonation of the active site Glu113 and cytoplasmic acidic residues, including Glu134, lead to the formation of the active form of the receptor, metarhodopsin II b, which decays to opsin. However, an activated receptor may be generated without illumination by addition of all-trans-retinal or its analogues to opsin, as measured in this study by the increased phosphorylation of opsin by rhodopsin kinase. The potency of stimulation depended on the chemical and isomeric nature of the analogues and the length of the polyene chain with all-trans-C17 aldehyde and all-trans-retinal being the most active and trans-C12 aldehyde being the least active. Certain cis-isomers, 11-cis-13-demethyl-retinal and 9-cis-C17 aldehyde, were also active. Most of the retinal analogues tested did not regenerate a spectrally identifiable pigment, and many were incapable of Schiff base formation (ketone, stable oximes, and Schiff base-derivatives of retinal). Thus, receptor activation resulted from formation of non-covalent complexes with opsin. pH titrations suggested that an equilibrium exists between partially active (protonated) and inactive (deprotonated) forms of opsin. These findings are consistent with a model in which protonation of one or more cytoplasmic carboxyl groups of opsin is essential for activity. Upon addition of retinoids, the partially active conformation of opsin is converted to a more active intermediate similar to metarhodopsin II b. The model provides an understanding of the structural requirements for opsin activation and an interpretation of the observed activities of natural and experimental opsin mutants.
The Inhibition by Cytokinin of Auxin‐Promoted Elongation in Excised Soybean Hypocotyl

The experiments characterize the inhibition by kinetin of auxin-promoted elongation in excised hypocotyl sections of 3-day soybean seedlings (Glycine max cv. Hawkeye 63). It was found that concentrations of kinetin above 4.2 μM did not further inhibit auxin-promoted elongation. Kinetin is as potent an inhibitor of elongation as actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Tissue incubated for 3 or 5 h in the absence of auxin or cytokinin would, upon addition of auxin, exhibit a new growth rate similar to that of tissue grown in auxin for the entire incubation period. Similarly, tissue grown for 3 and 5 h in the presence of auxin would revert to the control rate of elongation upon addition of kinetin. A 10 to 30 min preincubation in kinetin yielded the tissue incapable, for the ensuing 6 h, of increasing its rate of elongation in response to auxin. Zeatin and isopentenyladenine were more potent than kinetin and benzyladenine in the inhibition of elongation. Levels of ethylene produced in the presence of auxin plus cytokinin indicated that it was not involved in this auxin-cytokinin interaction. Kinetin by itself did not promote elongation; nor did it enhance auxin-promoted elongation at low auxin concentrations.
Charge flow and solvent dynamics in the photodissosiation of cluster ions: a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study of I2−·Arn

Abstract Experimental studies of photodissociation in I 2 − ·Ar n clusters have shown a rapid onset of caging for n > 10 and bimodal photofragment distributions in both dissociation and recombination channels. We simulate and interpret these results using a Hamiltonian that accounts for the strong perturbation of the solute electronic structure by the solvent. The high-mass products in the recombination channel are identified with excited state recombination. The two classes of dissociation products are identified with ejection of either a neutral I atom or an I − ion from the cluster, with the latter mechanism driven by the negative polarizability of the excited electronic state.
Quasi-one-dimensional polarized fermi superfluids.

We calculate the zero-temperature ($T=0$) phase diagram of a polarized two-component Fermi gas in an array of weakly coupled parallel one-dimensional (1D) ``tubes'' produced by a two-dimensional optical lattice. Increasing the lattice strength drives a crossover from three-dimensional (3D) to 1D behavior, stabilizing the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) modulated superfluid phase. We argue that the most promising regime for observing the FFLO phase is in the quasi-1D regime, where the atomic motion is largely 1D but there is weak tunneling in the other directions that stabilizes long-range order. In the FFLO phase, we describe a phase transition where the quasiparticle spectrum changes from gapless near the 3D regime to gapped in quasi-1D.
Use of the mechanistic probe 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-yl hydroperoxide (MPPH) to discriminate between the formation of MnIVMnIV(OH) and MnIVMnVO species

Abstract High-valent Mn species are key intermediates in the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II. In some mechanisms, the Mn V O moiety is proposed to be a critical species at the final step of oxygen production. This work reports the use of a mechanistic probe 2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-yl hydroperoxide (MPPH) to distinguish the formation of Mn IV Mn IV (OH) and Mn IV Mn V O species. We demonstrate that a dimeric Mn complex [Mn III Mn IV (2-OH-3,5-diClsalpn)] + reacts with MPPH, leading to the production of the O–O bond heterolysis product. In this process, the Mn complex transforms into a transient Mn IV Mn V O species, which undergoes comproportionation rapidly.
PLURALISTIC IGNORANCE AND WHITE ESTIMATES OF WHITE SUPPORT FOR RACIAL SEGREGATION

This article presents data, taken from a secondary analysis of a national survey, indicating that in 1968 most white American adults grossly exaggerated the support among other whites for racial segregation. Several correlates of this pattern of pluralistic ignorance-the extent to which the respondents led segregated lives, their racial attitudes, and their racial values-are examined. Finally, the relationship between this form of pluralistic ignorance and the willingness of these white respondents to endorse racially restricted housing is discussed. The author is Professor of Sociology at Wesleyan University.
LOSS OF REACTIVITY OF THE PULMONARY VASCULAR BED IN PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.

Abstract A follow-up case report of primary pulmonary hypertension is described. In 1959, intracardiac infusion of acetylcholine resulted in a considerable decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure both at rest and during exercise. In 1962, acetylcholine failed to elicit a decrement in pulmonary arterial pressure, demonstrating a loss of vasodilator reactivity of the pulmonary vascular bed over this period of time.
The Divided Skies: Establishing Segregated Flight Training at Tuskegee, Alabama, 1934-1942

In the Persian Gulf War, Americans of all races fought in integrated units under the leadership of the first African-American to serve as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Indeed, the United States armed forces of the 1990s are arguably the most integrated institution in American society. But it was not always so.
Comparison of sensory outcomes in patients with monofixation versus bifoveal fusion after surgery for intermittent exotropia

Introduction The predictive value of preoperative stereopsis on the surgical outcome of patients with intermittent exotropia is unknown. We hypothesize that it may predict motor and sensory outcome. We report our experience with fusional status at near measured using Titmus circles before and after eye muscle surgery for intermittent exotropia. Methods In this retrospective case series, 95 children underwent bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession. Visual acuity, near stereoacuity, and ocular alignment were measured before surgery and 2 months postoperatively. Results Testing variability by use of Titmus circles was examined. A change of greater than 3 stereo circles was found to be substantial (90% confidence interval). Of the 42 children with poor-to-nondetectable stereopsis preoperatively (400 arcsec or worse), 3 improved substantially (140, 140, 60 arcsec). The remaining 53 had moderate- (200 arcsec) to high-grade (60 arcsec or better) stereopsis preoperatively. The majority of children had no change in stereopsis after surgery. Only 4 children had improved stereopsis after surgery; 6 lost stereopsis, of whom 4 had persistent small-angle esodeviations, whereas 1 child had a large overcorrection requiring additional surgery. All children who maintained or improved their stereopsis postoperatively were orthotropic or had persistent exodeviation after surgery. No child with high-grade stereopsis at 2 consecutive preoperative visits lost stereoacuity after surgery. Conclusions A persistent small-angle esotropia at the 2-month postoperative visit is associated with a loss of near stereopsis ( p =0.0001) and may occur more frequently in children with subnormal stereopsis preoperatively than in patients with bifoveal fixation. Prism or reoperation may be necessary to treat this complication.
Interview with Joan Grant, Director of Collection Services, Bobst Library, New York University

Joan Grant discusses the Bobst Library’s approach to collection development including the selection of print resources, CD‐ROMs and electronic resources. Of particular interest are the faculty liaison programme and the cooperative collection development activities, as well as the integration of electronic resources into their collection development activities.
An Experimental Model of Bubble Formation in CAES Plants

Etude du comportement des bulles formees au moment du pompage de l'eau dans une installation de stockage d'energie par air comprime
A Comparative Study of Single-Poly Embedded Flash Memory Disturbance, Program/Erase Speed, Endurance, and Retention Characteristic

Single-poly embedded flash (eFlash) memory is a unique category of embedded nonvolatile memory (eNVM) that can be built in a generic logic technology. Several single-poly eFlash cells have been proposed for cost-effective moderate density eNVM applications. However, the optimal cell configuration of single-poly eFlash is still under debate. In this paper, we compared various single-poly eFlash memory structures in terms of disturbance, program/erase speed, endurance, and retention characteristic based on simulated and experimental data from two eFlash test chips fabricated in a generic 65-nm logic process using standard 2.5 V I/O transistors with 5-nm tunnel oxide. We conclude that a 5T eFlash cell structure combining a pMOS coupling device, an NCAP tunneling device, and an nMOS read/program device with two additional pass transistors to support self-boosting is the most attractive option for logic-compatible eNVMs.
The mechanism of yohimbine-induced renin release in the conscious rat.

These studies were designed to determine the role of the central nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system, the adrenal glands and the renal sympathetic nerves in yohimbine-induced renin release in conscious rats. Yohimbine (0.3–10 mg/kg, s.c.) caused time- and dose-related increases in plasma renin activity (PRA) and concentration (PRC) which were accompanied by time- and dose-related elevations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) concentrations. Significant positive correlations were found between the increases in PRA and the increases in plasma NE and Epi concentrations caused by yohimbine, and propranolol (1.5 mg/kg, s.c.) blocked 90% of yohimbine (3 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced renin release. Over the entire spectrum of doses of yohimbine, the increases in PRA and plasma NE and Epi concentrations were positively correlated with the decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), but the γ-intercept was positive in every case and the 1 mg/ kg dose of yohimbine consistently increased PRA independent of any change in MAP. Complete renal denervation, as evidenced by a greater than 90% reduction in renal NE content, did not alter the increase in PRA caused by yohimbine (3 mg/kg, s.c.). An increase in circulating plasma catecholamine concentrations appeared to mediate yohimbine-induced renin release since propranolol prevented the rise in PRA caused by yohimbine in renal denervated rats. Prior adrenalectomy (Adx) also failed to prevent the rise in PRA produced by yohimbine (3 mg/kg, s.c.), but a combination of Adx and renal denervation caused a significant impairment of yohimbine-induced renin release. However, neither Adx alone nor the combination of Adx and renal denervation affected the increase in plasma NE concentration caused by yohimbine. Complete transection of the spinal cord at C8 caused a drastic reduction in plasma catecholamine concentrations but did not change basal PRC. Yohimbine (3 mg/kg, s.c.) did not increase PRC or plasma catecholamine concentrations after spinal transection. Based on these results, we conclude that 1) the stimulation of renin release by yohimbine is a secondary neurohormonal consequence of the generalized increase in sympathetic activity caused by yohimbine, 2) the sympathoadrenal activation produced by yohimbine results from an action in the brain which is amplified by the simultaneous blockade of prejunctional α2-adrenoceptors and 3) vasodepressor effects of the larger doses yohimbine cause a baroreflexly-mediated increase in sympathetic activity which interacts in a positive fashion with the central and peripheral sympathoexcitatory effects of yohimbine.
Technology and design for stars & stripes

Abstract The 4 February 1987 victory of STARS & STRIPES in the America's Cup races off Perth, Western Australia, was a culmination of a three-year project of broad scope and great intensity. The design/technology team approach used to develop the 12-meter yacht STARS & STRIPES is presented. This is, by far, the most comprehensive design/technology effort in the history of yacht design. The effort includes three separate yacht-design firms, advanced computational tools, forty 1/3 scale model tests and a very sophisticated full-scale yacht evaluation procedure. The total performance evaluation system, which integrates the myriad details of yacht designs and race tactics with the flow-code results into a single figure of merit, the relative speed of 12-meter yachts around the race course, is discussed. The SAIC team has been responsible for the major part of the technology development and implementation as well as the coordination of the total technology effort which has resulted in the design and building of four new 12-meter yachts, all of which are named STARS & STRIPES. Also discussed is how the STARS & STRIPES design/technology team was able to successfully modify the winglet-keel design in December prior to the final races.
Modeling the effects of yarn material properties and friction on the ballistic impact of a plain-weave fabric

Abstract Impact of a rigid sphere onto a high-strength plain-weave Kevlar KM2 ® fabric was modeled using LS–DYNA ® focusing on the influence of friction and material properties on ballistic performance. Quasi-static friction was experimentally determined and incorporated into the model. Two clamped edges and two free edges were used as boundary conditions to correlate the model to an experimental test providing yarn–yarn movement. Yarns were modeled as continua with modulus and strength dominating along the length. Parametric studies incorporating different yarn material properties and initial projectile velocities were then performed with the above set of boundary conditions. Results indicate that ballistic performance depends upon friction, elastic modulus and strength of the yarns. While friction improves ballistic performance by maintaining the integrity of the weave pattern, material properties of the yarns have a significant influence on the effect of friction. It is shown that fabrics comprised of yarns characterized by higher stiffness and strength relative to the baseline Kevlar KM2 ® , exhibited a stronger influence on ballistic performance. Therefore all three parameters viz., friction, elastic modulus and strength along with other variables (fabric architecture, boundary conditions, and projectile parameters) are needed to examine ballistic performance of high-strength fabric structures.
Maintenance of the Stratospheric Structure in an Idealized General Circulation Model

This work explores the maintenance of the stratospheric structure in a primitive equation model that is forced by a Newtonian cooling with a prescribed radiative equilibrium temperature field. Models such as this are well suited to analyze and address questions regarding the nature of wave propagation and troposphere‐ stratosphere interactions. The focus lies on the lower to midstratosphere and the mean annual cycle, with its large interhemispheric variations in the radiative background state and forcing, is taken as a benchmark to be simulated with reasonable verisimilitude. A reasonably realistic basic stratospheric temperature structure is a necessary first step in understanding stratospheric dynamics. It is first shown that using a realistic radiative background temperature field based on radiative transfer calculations substantially improves the basic structure of the model stratospherecompared to previously used setups. Then, the physical processes that are needed to maintain the seasonal cycle of temperature in the lower stratosphere are explored. It is found that an improved stratosphere and seasonally varying topographically forced stationary waves are, in themselves, insufficient to produce a seasonal cycle of sufficient amplitude in the tropics, even if the topographic forcing is large. Upwelling associated with baroclinic wave activityis an important influenceon the tropicallowerstratosphereandthe seasonalvariation oftropospheric baroclinic activity contributes significantly to the seasonal cycle of the lower tropical stratosphere. Given a reasonably realistic basic stratospheric structure and a seasonal cycle in both stationary wave activity and tropospheric baroclinic instability, it is possible to obtain a seasonal cycle in the lower stratosphere of amplitude comparable to the observations.
An intermediate in the synthesis of glucobrassicins from 3-indoleacetaldoxime by woad leaves.

Leaves of woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) were found to incorporate efficiently tritiated indoleacetaldoxime and (35)S from (35)S-l-cystine into glucobrassicin and sulfoglucobrassicin. Time course of incorporation of (35)S from (35)S-cystine into the glucosinolates indicated that glucobrassicin was formed first and then sulfoglucobrassicin. Simultaneous administration of tritiated indoleacetaldoxime and (35)S-cystine gave doubly labeled glucobrassicin and sulfoglucobrassicin. About twice as much (35)S was present in sulfoglucobrassicin as compared to glucobrassicin per unit of (3)H incorporated, indicating that a second, probably oxidized, atom of (35)S was later introduced into sulfoglucobrassicin. However, the (35)S incorporated from cystine into both glucosinolates during the first 8 hours of metabolism was almost exclusively in the divalent sulfur moiety. The incorporation patterns of (35)S and titritated indoleacetaldoxime into the glucosinolates suggested a fast turnover of glucobrassicin in the metabolizing leaves.A new indolic, sulfur-containing neutral compound X was found to accumulate in woad leaves when administered (3)H-3-indoleacetaldoxime and cold cystine or (35)S-cystine and cold 3-indoleacetaldoxime. This accumulation was enhanced about 2- to 2.5-fold by the simultaneous administration of postassium selenate, an inhibitor of biological sulfation processes. Selenate also appeared to inhibit the conversion of glucobrassicin to 1-sulfoglucobrassicin. Partially purified compound X was efficiently converted (56-60%) to glucobrassicin and 1-sulfoglucobrassicin on readministration to woad leaves, indicating it to be a precursor of the glucosinolates. Compound X, on treatment with myrosinase, slowly yielded a less polar, indolic, sulfur containing compound Y and glucose. Compound Y decomposed with time into indoleacetonitrile suggesting that it may be indoleacetothiohydroximate. Compound X has been tentatively assigned the structure of desthioglucobrassicin, the nonsulfated form of glucobrassicin.
Life Years Lost and Lifetime Health Care Expenditures Associated With Diabetes in the U.S., National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2000

OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the lifetime health care expenditures and life years lost associated with diabetes in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 1997 to 2000, and the NHIS Linked Mortality Public-use Files with a mortality follow-up to 2006 were used to estimate age-, race-, sex-, and BMI-specific risk of diabetes, mortality, and annual health care expenditures for both patients with diabetes and those without diabetes. A Markov model populated by the risk and cost estimates was used to compute life years and total lifetime health care expenditures by age, race, sex, and BMI classifications for patients with diabetes and without diabetes. RESULTS Predicted life expectancy for patients with diabetes and without diabetes demonstrated an inverted U shape across most BMI classifications, with highest life expectancy being for the overweight. Lifetime health care expenditures were higher for whites than blacks and for females than males. Using U.S. adults aged 50 years as an example, we found that diabetic white females with a BMI >40 kg/m 2 had 17.9 remaining life years and lifetime health expenditures of $185,609, whereas diabetic white females with normal weight had 22.2 remaining life years and lifetime health expenditures of $183,704. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that diabetes is associated with large decreases in life expectancy and large increases in lifetime health care expenditures. In addition to decreasing life expectancy by 3.3 to 18.7 years, diabetes increased lifetime health care expenditures by $8,946 to $159,380 depending on age-race-sex-BMI classification groups.
The effects of perceived loafing and defensive impression management on group effectiveness

The influence of defensive impression management and perceived loafing on group effectiveness was investigatedfor 49 groups of 204 undergraduate business students working for 3 months on a team interdependent task The interaction between perceived loafing and defensive impression management was also tested. Results demonstrated that both independent variables were negatively correlated with satisfaction with group members and group performance. In addition, the perceived loafing by defensive impression management interaction explained significant incremental variance in satisfaction with group members and group performance as predicted. Groups with high levels of perceived loafing had a negative relationship between defensive impression management and group effectiveness, whereas groups with low levels ofperceived loafing had a positive relationship. Implications for managers andfuture research issues are discussed.
The Sequential Development of Lesions in Spontaneous Aleutian Disease of Mink

Normal and Aleutian disease affected mink from ranches with a high prevalence of Aleutian disease were killed at approximately monthly intervals from July to November. Serum was subjected to zone electrophoresis and the serum protein changes were compared to the histologic stage of development of the renal, hepatic, and arterial changes. The initial renal lesions were interstitial infiltrations of plasma cells and lymphocytes with later development of glomerular changes. The arterial lesions were early medial necrosis followed by the appearance of fibrinoid and later by healing with concentric fibrillar proliferation. There seemed to be a direct relation between the severity of renal, hepatic, and arterial changes and the magnitude of hypergammaglobulinemia. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
On the Performance of Alternative Investments: CTAs, Hedge Funds, and Funds-of-Funds

In this paper, we study alternative investment vehicles such as hedge funds, funds-of-funds, and commodity trading advisors (CTAs) by investigating their performance, risk, and fund characteristics. Differing from the previous studies that pool these investment vehicles, we consider them as three distinctive investment classes. We study them not only on a stand-alone basis but also on a portfolio basis. We find several interesting results. First, CTAs differ from hedge funds and funds-of-funds in terms of trading strategies, attrition rates and survivorship bias, liquidities, and correlation structures in different market environments. However, funds-of-funds are similar to hedge funds in these dimensions. Second, during the period of 1994 to 2001, hedge funds outperform funds-of-funds, which in turn outperform CTAs on a stand-alone basis. These results can be explained by the double fee structure but not survivorship bias. Third, correlation structures for alternative investment vehicles are different under different market conditions. Hedge funds are highly correlated to each other and are not well hedged in the down markets with liquidity squeeze. The negative correlations with other instruments make CTAs suitable hedging instruments for insuring downside risk. When adding CTAs to the hedge fund portfolio or the fund-of-fund portfolio, investors can benefit significantly from the risk-return trade-off.
Evaluation of the theoretical uncertainties in the Z → ℓ+ℓ− cross sections at the LHC

We study the sources of systematic errors in the measurement of the Z → l+l− cross-sections at the LHC. We consider the systematic errors in both the total cross-section and acceptance for anticipated experimental cuts. We include the best available analysis of QCD effects at NNLO in assessing the effect of higher order corrections and PDF and scale uncertainties on the theoretical acceptance. In addition, we evaluate the error due to missing NLO electroweak corrections and propose which MC generators and computational schemes should be implemented to best simulate the events.
System simulation of a linear concentrating photovoltaic system with an active cooling system

Abstract Recent interest in concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) have led to research and development of multiple CPV systems throughout the world. Much of the focus has been on 3D high concentration systems without cell cooling. This research makes use of a system simulation to model a medium 2D solar concentration energy system with an active cooling system. The simulation encompasses the modeling of a GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell, the fluid and heat transfer properties of the cooling system, and the storage tank. The simulation was coded in Engineering Equation Solver and was used to simulate the linear concentrating photovoltaic system (LCPV) under Phoenix, AZ, solar and climactic conditions for a full year. The output data from this simulation was used to evaluate the LCPV system from an economic and environmental perspective, showing that over one year a 6.2 kWp LCPV system would save a residential user $1623 in electricity and water heating, as well as displace 10.35 tons of CO 2 .
Acetate metabolism of maturing wheat plants.

The transport of carbon-14 injected into the hollow stems of growing wheat plants in the form of sodium acetate-1-C14 and -2-C14 was studied. The labelling efficiency of the tracer and its distribu...
Operator algebras and the Fredholm spectrum of advective equations of linear hydrodynamics

Abstract In this paper we give a complete description of the Fredholm spectrum of the linearized 3D Euler equation in terms of the dynamical spectrum of the cocycle governing the evolution of shortwave perturbations. The argument is based on the pseudo differential representation of the Euler group and an application of an abstract isomorphism theorem for operator C ∗ -algebras. We further show that for all but countably many times the Fredholm spectrum of the group is rotationally invariant, and thus may consist of one or two concentric annuli. The results are obtained for a variety of other equations of ideal hydrodynamics.
Pioneers in Pediatric Psychology: Becoming a Pediatric Psychologist: A Winding Road From the 1970s to the Present

This article describes the career path of a pediatric psychologist over a 40 year period. This path developed in parallel with the development of pediatric psychology as a field.
Coalitions, Cues, Strategic Politics, and the Staying Power of the Religious Right, or Why Political Scientists Ought to Pay Attention to Cultural Politics

The decade of the 1980s began with a former naval officer and Southern peanut farmer, a deeply religious, Sunday-school teaching president being unseated by a former sportscaster and union leader, a divorced and remarried Hollywood movie star-turned-politician. The religious right claimed credit for the defeat of that born-again Baptist, convinced that Ronald Reagan and his Republican party would restore the social and moral values that had crumbled, especially under liberal Democratic administrations. It was a heady period for evangelical leaders, quiescent on the public scene, some say since the 1920s, others say the 1950s. They were concerned again not simply with the salvation of souls but the transformation of society. Mastering the new instruments of television and direct marketing appeals, evangelical leaders had money, organizational moxie, and mass followings. They put their moral agenda into the national legislative arena—and came up with few victories. The decade ended as ironically as it began. First, “The Fall”: televangelists Bakker and Swaggart were discredited for their moral peccadillos; faith-healer Oral Roberts, for his lack of business acumen. Televangelist Pat Robertson tried for the presidency but discovered that he could not even gain the support of evangelical leaders. Jerry Falwell, who endorsed George Bush rather than pentecostalist Robertson, chose to disband his Moral Majority and emerged with a much weaker, seldom noticed organization.
Clinical Categorization of Childhood Syncope

Syncope is a self-limited loss of consciousness produced by cerebral hypoperfusion/hypoxia. The objective of this study was to categorize the etiology and determine the frequency of concurrent epilepsy and whether laboratory testing is diagnostically useful. This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. There were 141 subjects (90 girls [63.8%]; mean age, 12.01 years). Of the syncope referrals, 86 of 123 (69.9%) had simple syncope, 35 of 123 (28.4%) had syncopal convulsions, and 2 of 123 (1.6%) had epilepsy alone. An electroencephalogram was performed in 64.7% (91/141) of the subjects but was diagnostic in 1 of 91 (1.4%) for epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography scans, electrocardiograms/Holter monitoring/stress testing, and blood tests were primarily normal or nondiagnostic, with 6 of 238 (2.5%) total tests contributing to the diagnosis. Primary neurocardiogenic syncope was identified in 78% (111/141) of all subjects (82% boys, 75% girls). Thirty-eight percent had syncopal convulsions, and 2.8% (4/141) had concurrent epilepsy. A detailed medical history was the most useful diagnostic tool.