cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Mood, Building Community: Usage Patterns of an Interactive Art Installation

To examine the processes by which appropriation happens around an interactive art installation in an organizational context, this paper presents a qualitative, longitudinal study of an interactive art installation called mood.cloud. While designed to collect and to visually display building occupants' collective emotion, the installation was not necessarily used or interpreted in this way. Instead, building occupants saw the sensory experience of mood.cloud and the ability to change the display as a way to influence their own feelings, the feelings of others, and the overall workplace ambience. We found that interaction with mood.cloud fostered reflection about the relationship between the individual and the larger collective that the person is a part of. This relationship, between appropriation for individual benefit and appropriation for the benefit of others, afforded participants the opportunity to become more aware of their own contribution as part of a larger community. These findings suggest an opportunity to design systems around the interplay between appropriation for the individual and appropriation for the community.
Scalable inference of neural dynamical systems

Fluorescent calcium imaging provides a potentially powerful tool for inferring connectivity in large neural circuits. However, a key challenge in using calcium imaging for connectivity detection is that current systems often have a temporal response and frame rates that can be orders of magnitude slower than the underlying neural spiking process. Bayesian inference methods based on expectation-maximization (EM) have been proposed to overcome these limitations, but are often computationally demanding since the E-step in the EM procedure typically involves state estimation for a high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system. In this work, we propose a computationally scalable method based on a hybrid of loopy belief propagation and approximate message passing (AMP). The key insight is that a neural system as viewed through calcium imaging can be factorized into simple scalar dynamical systems for each neuron with linear interconnections between the neurons. Using the structure, the updates in the proposed hybrid AMP methodology can be computed by a set of one-dimensional state estimation procedures and linear transforms with the connectivity matrix. The method extends earlier works by incorporating more general nonlinear dynamics and responses to stimuli.
DIET AND ISCHEMIC BURDEN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PLANT BASED REGIMEN VERSUS A MEDITERRANEAN REGIMEN IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Background: The cardio protective effects of various diet regimens in primary prevention have been studied and elucidated in registry data and more recently in a large randomized trial; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the effects of rigorous nutritional regimens in patients with
Guest Editorial—Advancing 21st-Century University–Child Welfare Agency Partnerships

University-agency partnerships have been key to workforce development for public child welfare, private child welfare agencies, and tribal programs. With local, state, federal, and tribal funds, su...
F-Box Protein XREP-4 Is a New Regulator of the Oxidative Stress Response in Caenorhabditis elegans

The transcription factor SKN-1 (Skinhead family member-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans is a homolog of the mammalian Nrf-2 protein and functions to promote oxidative stress resistance and longevity. SKN-1 mediates protection from reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the transcriptional activation of genes involved in antioxidant defense and phase II detoxification. Although many core regulators of SKN-1 have been identified, much remains unknown about this complex signaling pathway. We carried out an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis screen and isolated six independent mutants with attenuated SKN-1-dependent gene activation in response to acrylamide. All six were found to contain mutations in F46F11.6/xrep-4 (xenobiotics response pathways-4), which encodes an uncharacterized F-box protein. Loss of xrep-4 inhibits the skn-1-dependent expression of detoxification genes in response to prooxidants and decreases survival of oxidative stress, but does not shorten life span under standard culture conditions. XREP-4 interacts with the ubiquitin ligase component SKR-1 and the SKN-1 principal repressor WDR-23, and knockdown of xrep-4 increases nuclear localization of a WDR-23::GFP fusion protein. Furthermore, a missense mutation in the conserved XREP-4 F-box domain that reduces interaction with SKR-1 but not WDR-23 strongly attenuates SKN-1-dependent gene activation. These results are consistent with XREP-4 influencing the SKN-1 stress response by functioning as a bridge between WDR-23 and the ubiquitin ligase component SKR-1.
Human Rights Dimensions of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage: A Framework for Climate Justice in the Realm of Climate Geoengineering

This chapter assesses the human rights implications of Bioenergy and Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) climate geoengineering options. It includes a discussion of the potential human rights impacts of large-scale deployment of BECCS options, with a focus on the new Paris climate agreement, and the application of a human rights-based approach to protect such rights.
Magnesium and Its Interdependency with Other Cations in Acute and Chronic Stressor States

Mg2+ and Ca2+ are major divalent intracellular cations. Mg2+ is integral to a myriad of enzymatic reactions and physiologic responses, especially in tissues such as the heart, where metabolic activity and ATP consumption are high [1]. In addition, there are intricate interdependencies between Mg2+ and Ca2+ and other cations. Numerous examples of the interplay that exists between Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ have been well recognized. Herein, we focus specifically on several inseparable interconnections involving Mg2+ and those cations which are clinically relevant to the heart during acute and chronic stressor states, wherein neurohormonal activation involving the adrenergic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems unmasks their interdependency.
Sore throat: more than strep vs. non-strep.

(1994). Sore Throat: More than Strep us. Non-Strep. Hospital Practice: Vol. 29, No. 12, pp. 37-38.
Shock to the heart: cardiac implantable devices’ bad name in adults with tetralogy of Fallot

Because of the successes of paediatric cardiac care, there is a burgeoning population of adults with congenital heart disease with an ever-increasing complexity of underlying cardiac disease necessitating interventions to stave off mortality and morbidity.1 This is typified in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. While surgical palliation is usually completed in infancy, patients with TOF exhibit significant mortality and morbidity as they age, including incident myocardial dysfunction, need for pulmonary valve replacement and an elevated risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.2 These events are usually heralded by ventricular pressure and volume loading from significant pulmonary valve incompetence, a common haemodynamic derangement after pulmonary transannular patching used as a part of complete palliation for TOF. The arrhythmia burden in adult patients with repaired TOF is substantial. In a large multicentre study, 43.3% of 556 patients aged 36.8±12.0 years had either a sustained arrhythmia or required intervention for arrhythmia.3 Ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 14.6%, usually associated with multiple surgeries, a widening QRS duration and left ventricular dysfunction. It was noted that there was an uptick in incident atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia …
Influence of language of packaging labels on consumers' buying preferences.

Can packaging labels of three different foreign languages (Korean, Japanese, and English) affect consumers’ preferences? In a month of field experiment involving 203 Chinese undergraduate students,...
Worship Spaces: 2001–5000 + Seats

Christ Presbyterian Church is a 400-seat, 1960’s era Contemporary Style building, located on the shore of Lake Mendota in Wisconsin’s Capitol City. The congregation has a lively worship life, conducting traditional and contemporary services, along with offering a diverse range of theatrical and musical presentations to the community.
The kinetic requirements of extreme qPCR.

Abstract The kinetic requirements of quantitative PCR were experimentally dissected into the stages of DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and polymerase extension. The temperature/time conditions for 2 stages were kept optimal, while the other was limited until the amplification efficiency decreased as measured by an increase in quantification cycle (Cq). Extension was studied in a commercial capillary LightCycler®. Using a rapid deletion mutant of Taq (KlenTaq™), about 1 s was required for every 70 bp of product length. To study annealing and denaturation times of
Waveform Design of UAV Data Links in Urban Environments for Interference Mitigation

OFDM-based communication systems for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are designed predominately for high mobility scenarios with direct line of sight. The number of sub-channels used is selected to be small to mitigate the effects of inter-carrier interference (ICI) resulting from carrier frequency offset. We investigate interference effects in urban environments for quad-copter UAVs based on both ICI and inter-symbol interference (ISI), which results from multi-path scenarios. We propose that changing the number of sub-carriers used in the Air-to-Ground link improves bit error rate performance dependent upon the channel characteristics. In the presence of closely spaced buildings, a greater amount of multi-path will occur, motivating the use of more sub-carriers. A practical joint synchronizer is discussed to enable scalability of the proposed idea and characterize the source of ICI. Through the use of ray tracing models and realistic end-to-end simulations, we determine that UAV communications in urban environments benefit from adaptive sub-carrier counts to combat interference effects.
The effect of tactile and verbal guidance during scapulothoracic exercises: An EMG and kinematic investigation.

Abstract Background Clinician-led training through tactile and verbal guidance to improve muscle activity and joint motion are a common but understudied focus of therapeutic interventions for shoulder pain. The purpose of this study was to determine if clinician guidance changes scapulothoracic muscle activity and kinematics compared to unguided shoulder exercises. Methods Eleven participants with shoulder pain were studied. Electromyographic (EMG) sensors were placed on the serratus anterior and upper and lower trapezii. Scapulothoracic and sternoclavicular kinematics were collected using electromagnetic sensors. Five common resisted shoulder exercises were performed with the following guidance: unguided, combined (verbal and tactile cues), and verbal guidance only. One-way repeated measures ANOVAs determined the effect of guidance versus unguided conditions for each exercise. Results Nine of ten combinations of exercise and guidance techniques demonstrated a significant effect of guidance for either muscle activity or joint kinematics. The guidance condition with the most frequent significant improvements across all variables was the combined condition. The exercises with the most frequent significant improvements across all variables were the external rotation exercises. Variables improved most frequently were: upper:lower trapezius EMG ratio (up to 11%), sternoclavicular elevation (up to 6°) and scapulothoracic internal rotation positioning (up to 8°), and sternoclavicular retraction displacement (up to 5°). Conclusion Shoulder muscle activity and kinematics during exercises can be modified by tactile and verbal guidance. Most improvements in muscle activity occurred with verbal guidance during external rotation exercises. Most improvements in joint positioning and movement occurred with combined guidance during external rotation exercises.
Elution of Proteins from Polyacrylamide Gels onto the Hewlett-Packard Sequencing Column

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the elution of proteins from polyacrylamide gels on to the Hewlett-Packard sequencing column. It discusses a method for electroeluting proteins directly onto the Hewlett-Packard hydrophobic sequencing column with the advantages of minimal sample handling in recovering proteins from gels and utilization of in situ techniques. The most difficult technical challenge in developing the electroelution procedure has been eliminating bubble formation within the column and exit tubing, which interrupts the flow of current during electroelution. A low 1–2 μl / min seepage of elution buffer from the funnel through the column and exit tube usually enabled recovery while unattended. In cases where a large bubble prevented recovery, short applications of gas pressure during the elution process forced the bubble from the exit tubing. The low flow of buffer through the system also aided in loading the eluted proteins onto the column during electroelution. The most critical factor enabling longer continuous runs was the substitution of helium for nitrogen for application of solvents and buffers to the column and blanketing the elution chamber prior to beginning electroelution.
Equilibria in investment and spot electricity markets: A conjectural-variations approach

Abstract We study generation-capacity planning in a restructured oligopolistic electricity market, taking a conjectural-variations approach. We do this through a two-stage model that captures an initial set of investments followed by equilibria in a series of spot electricity markets, in which firms make production decisions. Although we model the generating firms as being quantity-setters, we do not model a Nash–Cournot equilibrium. Instead, we assume that the firms endogenize the impacts of their production decisions on rivals through reaction parameters, giving a conjectural-variations model of the spot-market equilibrium. Equilibrium conditions in each spot market, as a function of the investment decisions, are derived. This allows characterizing an equilibrium at the investment stage. The proposed model allows the derivation of analytical expressions that characterize such multi-stage equilibria. This proposed model provides insights on the outcomes and characteristics of investment decisions in an imperfectly competitive market setting. Such insights may allow policymakers to understand the efficiency implications of oligopolistic market structures.
The Influence of Incidental Tokenism on Private Evaluations of Stereotype-Typifying Products:

Findings from five studies demonstrate that being an incidental token member in a transient group (e.g., a woman in a group of mostly men in a store line) lowers individuals’ private evaluations of...
Scientific and technical education

In the February 1982 Bulletin Loren Graham discussed developments in the funding and direction of Soviet science since about 1964, highlighting the significant progress that has been made as well as the persistent and more recent difficulties, some of them peculiar to the Soviet system. We resume our series with Harley Balzer's related discussion of technical education in the Soviet Union, based in part on extensive interviews with Soviet emigre scientists and engineers. In both cases the result is a much more mixed picture of Soviet scientific and technical achievement than is usually presented in the U.S. media.A more general study of interest here is Mervyn Matthews, Education in the Soviet Union: Policies and Institutions Since Stalin (London and Winchester, Mass.: Allen and Unwin), which has just been published.James Cracraft Special Editor
Mass spectral similarity mapping applied to fentanyl analogs.

Abstract This manuscript outlines a straight-forward procedure for generating a map of similarity between spectra of a set. When applied to a reference set of spectra for Type I fentanyl analogs (molecules differing from fentanyl by a single modification), the map illuminates clustering that is applicable to automated structure assignment of unidentified molecules. An open-source software implementation that generates mass spectral similarity mappings of unknowns against a library of Type I fentanyl analog spectra is available at http://github.com/asm3-nist/FentanylClassifier .
Gamma-Ray Bursts from Upscattered Self-absorbed Synchrotron Emission

We calculate the synchrotron self-Compton emission from internal shocks occurring in relativistic winds as a source of gamma-ray bursts, with allowance for self-absorption. For plausible model parameters, most pulses within a gamma-ray burst are optically thick to synchrotron self-absorption at the frequency at which most electrons radiate. Upscattering of photon number spectra harder than ν0 (such as the self-absorbed emission) yields inverse Compton photon number spectra that are flat; therefore, our model has the potential of explaining the low-energy indices harder than ν-2/3 (the optically thin synchrotron limit) that have been observed in some bursts. The optical counterparts of the model bursts are sufficiently bright to be detected by such experiments as the Livermore Optical Transient Imaging System, unless the magnetic field is well below equipartition.
Cortical connections of the functional domain for climbing or running in posterior parietal cortex of galagos.

Previous studies in prosimian galagos (Otolemur garnetti) have demonstrated that posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is subdivided into several functionally distinct domains, each of which mediates a specific type of complex movements (e.g., reaching, grasping, hand-to-mouth) and has a different pattern of cortical connections. Here we identified a medially located domain in PPC where combined forelimb and hindlimb movements, as if climbing or running, were evoked by long-train intracortical microstimulation (LT-ICMS). We injected anatomical tracers in this climbing/running domain of PPC to reveal its cortical connections. Our results showed the PPC climbing domain had dense intrinsic connections within rostral PPC and reciprocal connections with forelimb and hindlimb region in primary motor cortex (M1) of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Fewer connections were with dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), supplementary motor (SMA) and cingulate motor (CMA) areas, as well as somatosensory cortex including areas 3a, 3b and 1-2, secondary somatosensory (S2), parietal ventral (PV) and retroinsular (Ri) areas. The rostral portion of the climbing domain had more connections with primary somatosensory cortex than the caudal portion. Cortical projections were found in functionally matched domains in M1 and premotor cortex (PMC). Similar patterns of connections with fewer labeled neurons and terminals were seen in the contralateral hemisphere. These connection patterns are consistent with the proposed role of the climbing/running domain as part of a parietal-frontal network for combined use of the limbs in locomotion as in climbing and running. The cortical connections identify this action-specific domain in PPC as a more somatosensory driven domain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Trends in Fentanyl and Fentanyl Derivative Utilization in the United States

Abstract Objective The primary objective of this study was to explore fentanyl and fentanyl derivative distribution patterns from 2010 and 2019 across the United States (US). This study builds upon previous literature that has analyzed the trends in opioid distribution and assesses changes in opioid prescription preferences. Methods The amount of fentanyl base distributed in the US from 2010-2019 was obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS). Fentanyl derivatives (sufentanil, alfentanil, remifentanil) were also analyzed using ARCOS from 2010-2017, the most recent date reported. Census data from the American Community Survey was used to correct for population. Prescriptions, units, and reimbursement of fentanyl and fentanyl citrate formulations for 2010 and 2019 were obtained from Medicaid and prescriber specialty in Medicare Part D. Results Total grams of fentanyl distributed in the US from 2010 to 2019 decreased by 63%. Correspondingly, there was a 65% decrease in the milligrams per person distributed when correcting for population. From a regional perspective, Ohio had the greatest decrease (−79.3%) while Mississippi saw the smallest (−44.5%). Medicaid reimbursement in 2019 was $165 million for over eight hundred-thousand prescriptions with the majority to generic (99.7%) and injectable (77.6%) formulations. Interventional pain management and anesthesia were over-represented, and hematology/oncology under-represented for fentanyl in Medicare. Conclusion The production and distribution of fentanyl-based substances has decreased, although not uniformly, in the US over the last decade. Additionally, the most prescribed formulations of fentanyl have transitioned away from transdermal, potentially in an effort to regulate its availability. Although impactful, the overdose deaths attributed to synthetic opioid deaths continue to increase highlighting the need for public health interventions beyond the pharmaceutical and medical communities.
Abstract 904: Epigenome-wide association study of dyslipidemia in survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude lifetime cohort

Background: Epigenetic research of blood lipids has been conducted in the general population with some robust findings. However, there is lack of similar studies that explore epigenetic effects among childhood cancer survivors who have elevated risk of dyslipidemia. We aimed to utilize epigenome-wide approach to search for DNA methylation (DNAm) sites influencing lipid metabolism among survivors of childhood cancer. Methods: Epigenome-wide methylation data were generated with Infinium EPIC BeadChip on blood derived DNA of survivors from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Chemotherapy agents and region-specific radiation exposures were abstracted from medical records. Two forms of dyslipidemia, i.e. hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) or hypercholesteremia (HCL) were clinically assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between each DNAm site with incident cases of HTG or HCL adjusting for age, sex, and cancer treatment exposures. Analysis was stratified by genetically determined races, i.e. survivors of European ancestry (EA) and survivors of African ancestry (AA). Significant DNAm sites were correlated with mRNA expression of the mapped genes using RNA sequencing data available for blood samples of 87 survivors. Results: 2,052 EA (median age=34.7 years, 47.1% female, 26.6% HTG, 32.0% HCL) and 370 AA survivors (median age=32.1 years, 53.2% female, 15.9% HTG, 26.8% HCL) were included. Among EA survivors, six DNAm sites were associated with HTG risk at epigenome-wide significance level (P Conclusion: We identified one or more DNAm sites, residing in each of CPT1A, SLC43A1, and PHGDH genes, associated with dyslipidemia among EA survivors. Lack of associations among AA survivors may partially contribute to lower risk of dyslipidemia among AA survivors. The findings demonstrated epigenetic roles in dyslipidemia among survivors, suggesting epigenetic biomarkers for identification of survivors with higher dyslipidemia risk and new targets for future interventions. Citation Format: Qian Dong, Nan Song, Yadav Sapkota, Yinan Zheng, I-Chan Huang, Deo Kumar Srivastava, John Easton, Heather Mulder, Geoffrey Neale, Emily Walker, Jinghui Zhang, Melissa M. Hudson, Leslie L. Robison, Zhaoming Wang. Epigenome-wide association study of dyslipidemia in survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude lifetime cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 904.
Thermal Behavior of the Antiferromagnet CoCl2 · 6H2O at its Néel Point

Several years ago,1 the heat capacities of the antiferromagnetic salts CoCl2 · 6H2O and NiCl2 · 6H2O were found to vary with |T — T N | in essentially a logarithmic way as one approached within 0.07°K of their Neel points from either side. This paper reports briefly new thermal and magnetic measurements performed with improved temperature resolution on one of these salts, CoCl2 · 6H2O, near its Neel point, T N = 2.3°K. The cobaltous salt was chosen for this work primarily for its convenient T N . It also has other properties recommending it for such study. The effective spin of the Co++ ion at low temperatures is S = 1/2 and the moment is quite anisotropic so that the Ising approximation may be applicable in treating its behavior. In addition, an analysis1 of earlier c p data reveals that the spin entropy gained above T N , 0.36R, is more than half that associated with the complete disordering of the spin system, namely, R ln(2S + 1) = 0.69R. This fact and the structure of the material are consistent with the idea that CoCl2 · 6H2O may resemble a two-dimensional antiferromagnet whose microscopic treatment is tractible in the Ising approximation.
Electric-Field-Induced Reversible Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals.

Two-dimensional colloidal crystals confined within electric field traps on the surface of a dielectrophoretic cell undergo reversible phase transitions that depend on the strength of the applied AC electric field. At low field strengths, the particles adopt a two-dimensional hexagonal close-packed lattice with p6m plane group symmetry and the maximum achievable packing fraction of φ = 0.91. Higher electric field strengths induce dipoles in the particles that provoke a phase transition to structures that depend on the number of particles confined in the trap. Whereas traps containing N = 24 particles transform to a square-packed lattice with p4m symmetry and φ = 0.79 is observed, traps of the same size containing N = 23 particles can also pack in a lattice with p2 symmetry and φ = 0.66. Traps with N = 21, 22, and 25 particles exhibit a mixture of packing structures, revealing the influence of lateral compressive forces, in addition to induced dipole interactions, in stabilizing loosely packed arrangements....
The Use of Postcolonial Theory in Social Studies Education

In this essay I explain the basic tenets of postcolonial theory and its possible implications for teaching social studies and global issues in American high schools. The use of this theory is becoming more significant given the increasing Islamophobia and Orientalism in the U.S., the ongoing uprisings in the Middle East, and the divide between East and West at the international/political levels. Also, it recognizes the right of the Other for appropriate representation, self-determination, and justice. The essay allows scholars, teachers, and educators to enrich their strategies of critique, their pedagogical repertoire, and to prepare critically and globally informed citizens.
Building and Sharing Knowledge Key Practice: What Do You Know, What Don't You Know, What Did You Learn?

In this paper we provide the rationale and foundation for the building and sharing knowledge key practice for the CBAL™ English language arts competency model. Building and sharing knowledge is a foundational literacy activity that enables students to learn and communicate what they read in texts. It is a strategic process that involves the integration of five key components or phases. Before reading, students activate their relevant background knowledge to help set learning goals, identify relevant information, and ask guiding questions that set the context for learning. During reading, students understand the text by using a host of strategies to construct a coherent mental model of the text content that is consistent with their background knowledge. Students clarify meanings of unknown words and concepts as they engage in metacognitive and self-regulated learning. After reading, students consolidate what they have read by using a variety of reading strategies that strengthen the representation in long-term memory. Finally, students convey what they have read in writing, speaking, or other representational formats to reflect communication goals and the intended audience. Collectively, the building and sharing knowledge key practice is intended to both model skilled performance and help identify component skill weakness. In this paper we outline the major features of the key practice as well as address potential advantages and challenges of the approach.
Classical resonance in the quantum dynamics of the driven surface state electron model

Abstract The quantum dynamics of a Gaussian wavepacket in the quantum phase space of the driven surface state electron (SSE) Hamiltonian is studied. Using the Husimi phase space representation of quantum mechanics we demonstrate that the prominent KAM island persists in the quantum domain as the dynamical barrier which prevents the wavepacket from exploring the classically inaccessible regions. The structure of classical phase space is clearly manifested in the properties of the Floquet states dominating the dynamics of the wavepacket.
Gamma rays from Penrose powered black holes in Centaurus A, 3C 273, and NGC 4151

Gamma-ray observations of Cen A, 3C 273, and NGC 4151 are examined under the assumption that Penrose collision processes in the ergospheres of massive black holes power their nuclei. The observed sharp break in the MeV region of the NGC spectrum is attributed to Penrose Compton scattering, and the absence of an MeV break in the spectra of Cen A and 3C 273 implies Penrose pair production. Central black hole masses of tens of millions of solar masses for NGC 4151 and Cen A, and tens of billions of solar masses for 3C 273, are obtained. Attention is also given to accretion rate, the efficiency of accretion, QSOs and Seyferts.
A penalty formulation and numerical approximation of the Reynolds-Hertz problem of elastohydrodynamic lubrication

Abstract A new penalty method for the analysis of free boundary problems in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is introduced. This class of problems is governed by a pseudomonotone variational inequality for which the existence of solutions was established in an earlier paper. These earlier results also establish the existence of solutions to a penalized family of regularizations. Convergence of the penalty solutions to the solution of the Reynolds-Hertz problem of EHL is proved. Regularity results for the line contact case are also established, including the appropriateness of the Reynolds condition, dp/dx = 0 , on the free boundary. A finite element method based on the penalty formulation is also derived and numerical results obtained for representative problems are in good agreement with available solutions.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved survival compared with adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer only after complete pathologic response.

Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is known to be chemosensitive. In patients with TNBC, we sought to compare survival outcomes between patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with and without complete pathologic response (pCR), and those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
Familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1: Studies of localization and function

Mutations in the FIC1 gene constitute the molecular defect in familial intrahepatic cholestasis I (Fic1 [Byler's disease]) and benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. This report describes the localization of Fic1 in rat liver and intestine, as well as biochemical and transfection studies that support its function as an energy-dependent aminophospholipid translocase. Immunocytochemistry of rat liver and immunoblotting of membrane fractions localized Fic1 to the canalicular, but not basolateral, plasma membrane domain. In the small intestine, FicI was localized to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The distribution of Fic1 in liver plasma membrane fractions from control and taurocholate-treated rats correlated positively with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent aminophospholipid (phosphatidyl-serine) translocase activity. In canalicular membrane vesicles, translocase activity had an initial velocity of 3.3 nmol phosphatidylserine (PS) translocated per milligram of protein per minute and a K m (ATP) = 1.2 mmol/L; was inhibited by vanadate, N -ethylmaleimide, sodium azide, and calcium; and was unidirectional ( i.e. , from the outer to the inner canalicular plasma membrane leaflet). Transient transfection of CHOK1 cells with FIC1 cDNA resulted in appearance of FIC1 in membrane preparations and energy-dependent PS translocation in cells. These studies indicate that FIC1 is a canalicular P-type ATPase that participates in maintaining the distribution of aminophospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets of the plasma membrane. How this process produces cholestasis is under study.
Two-Dimensional Static Test Compaction for Functional Test Sequences

A restoration based static test compaction procedure removes unnecessary test vectors from a functional test sequence in order to reduce its length. To allow the procedure to reduce the storage requirements of the sequence further, this paper introduces a new approach where a single stored sequence is used for applying several different functional test sequences. Under this approach, the stored sequence is considered as two-dimensional arrays with different dimensions. Each array yields a different test sequence, which is a permutation of the stored sequence. When the permutations are effective in detecting target faults, an existing static test compaction procedure, with certain modifications, can reduce the length of the stored sequence, and rely on the application of the permutations to detect all the target faults. Simulation results show significant reductions in the input test data volume. The cost of increased numbers of clock cycles for test application can be utilized for increasing the fault coverage of non-target faults.
Abscisic acid induction of elongase activity, biosynthesis and accumulation of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids and oil body proteins in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus L. cv Reston☆

Abstract Microspore-derived (MD) embryos of Brassica napus cv Reston, were used as a model to test the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on the accumulation of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFAs) and oil body proteins during embryogenesis. Developing early cotyledonary MD embryos (13–16 days in culture) were treated with 10 μM ABA + 0.05%DMSO (+ ABA) or 0.05%DMSO only (control), for 3 days, transferred to fresh culture medium (without ABA) 5–8 days and then examined at 24 days in culture for effects on fatty acid and oil body protein biosynthesis. ABA-treated embryos had a total fatty acid content 40% higher on a mg dry weight basis and 50% higher on a mg protein basis, than the control treatment. In particular, the levels of eicosenic (20:1) and erucic (22:1) acids in the total lipid extract and especially in triacylglycerols (TAGs), increased 3–4-fold after ABA treatment compared to controls. The ABA effect was shown to be related to an increased specific activity of elongase(s) assayed in vitro and resulted in the accumulation of TAGs containing a greater proportion of VLCMFAs as demonstrated by direct probe mass spectrometry. Time-course experiments revealed that the first 72 h of ABA treatment were critical in the induction phenomenon. The net effect of the ABA treatment was the accumulation of VLCMFAs at a point earlier in embryo development than normally observed (control). De novo biosynthesis of oil body proteins (oleosins) was similarly affected by treatment with ABA and suggested that the initial 3-day ABA treatment induced more mRNA and/or resulted in a more stable oleosin mRNA. Western analysis showed an increased mass of oleosin as a proportion of total protein in the ABA-treated samples, first clearly discernible at 24 h and strongly evident by 72 and 168 h. The temporal relatedness of VLCMFA accumulation and oleosin biosynthesis as affected by ABA in microspore-derived embryos of B. napus, suggest that the latter may be useful system to gain insights into the ontogeny of oil bodies and the biosynthesis of developmentally-associated lipids under phytohormonal regulation.
Interference with the expression of the N gene function of phage λ in a mutant of Escherichia coli

Abstract An Escherichia coli mutant nus , which inhibits the growth of λ by inhibiting the expression of the λ N gene product, has been further characterized. The N protein regulates phage development by stimulating transcription of the λ genome in three ways: directly, by stimulating transcription initiating at the two promoters, P R and P L and indirectly by stimulating the synthesis of Q protein, which in turn activates transcription of late functions. We report in this study that all three types of λ transcription are affected by the nus mutation. However, the inhibitory effect of nus on N stimulation of transcription initiating at P R is shown to be qualitatively different from its effect on N stimulation of the synthesis of Q product. Evidence is also presented showing that some N function is expressed by λ in the nus mutant, but that the level of expression of N function is reduced.
Creating Carotenoid Diversity in E. coli Cells using Combinatorial and Directed Evolution Strategies

Carotenoids represent a structurally diverse class of pigments with important biological functions and commercial applications. Biosynthesis of carotenoids has been studied on a molecular level for the core pathways and recombinant hosts have been engineered for heterologous carotenoid production. This paper summarizes our efforts on accessing novel carotenoid compounds in engineered E. coli by altering the catalytic activities of enzymes using in vitro evolution, by exploring the catalytic promiscuity of known carotenoid enzymes and by mining for novel enzymes in microbial genome sequences.
Sparse Representations for Range Data Restoration

In this paper, the problem of denoising and occlusion restoration of 3-D range data based on dictionary learning and sparse representation methods is explored. We apply these techniques after converting the noisy 3-D surface into one or more images. We present experimental results on the proposed approaches.
The effect of cane length on the haptic perception of height

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the ability to haptically perceive object height is a function of the length of cane being wielded by blindfolded individuals.Method: Fifteen sighted females between the ages of 18 and 25 years volunteered to participate in the study. Five different heights of wooden blocks were haptically explored with four different cane lengths (0.92, 1.22, 1.37 and 1.67 m), cane length order being randomized across 2 days of testing. Subjects were asked to report whether the explored block's height was taller, shorter, or equal to that of a previously presented standard block. The percentages of correct judgments for each cane and block height combination were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: The analysis revealed significant main effects for cane length, F (3, 42) = 9.47, p < 0.0001, and block height, F (4, 56) = 17.69, p < 0.0001. The interaction of cane length and block height was not significant, F < 1. The accuracy of haptic perception ...
Can one assess whether missing data are missing at random in medical studies

For handling missing data, newer methods such as those based on multiple imputation are generally more accurate than older ones and entail weaker assumptions. Yet most do assume that data are missing at random (MAR). The issue of assessing whether the MAR assumption holds to begin with has been largely ignored. In fact, no way to directly test MAR is available. We propose an alternate assumption, MAR+, that can be tested. MAR+ always implies MAR, so inability to reject MAR+ bodes well for MAR. In contrast, MAR implies MAR+ not universally, but under certain conditions that are often plausible; thus, rejection of MAR+ can raise suspicions about MAR. Our approach is applicable mainly to studies that are not longitudinal. We present five illustrative medical examples, in most of which it turns out that MAR+ fails. There are limits to the ability of sophisticated statistical methods to correct for missing data. Efforts to try to prevent missing data in the first place should therefore receive more attention in medical studies than they have heretofore attracted. If MAR+ is found to fail for a study whose data have already been gathered, extra caution may need to be exercised in the interpretation of the results.
Political Economies of Identity in Bolivia 1952‐1998

In 1985 Bolivia launched itself into the global age with a neoliberal economic program, while at the same time maintaining the cultural assimilationist stance inherited from preceding models of state capitalism. The second generation of neoliberal reforms, implemented between 1993 and 1997, introduced a dramatically new multicultural, pluriethnic and gendersensitive approach to identity politics. This introductory essay traces Bolivia's remarkable trajectory in light of key themes interpreted and debated by different contributors. All authors in the collection analyze theoretical, political and practical relations between gender, ethnicity and class. They explore processes through which identities are redefined and state-citizen relations are restructured in social movements, intellectual production, glorified revivals of local identity, state ministries, public health programs, and the voices and visions of men and women who refuse to fit into the identity categories to which they have been assigned
Studies on the reactions between daptomycin and glyceraldehyde

Abstract The objectives of this project were to determine the reaction pathways of daptomycin in the presence of glyceraldehyde in acidic solutions, and to quantitate the kinetics of the major pathways. In the presence of glyceraldehyde (pH range 1–7 at 25 to 60 °C), daptomycin formed two major products separable by RP-HPLC. The products were identified using UV spectroscopy, fluorimetry, mass spectrometry, and 2D- 1 H NMR. The reaction scheme involved the reversible formation of imine and anilide derivatives. Carbinolamine was believed to be a common intermediate in formation pathways of both products. The carbinolamine intermediate underwent either acid catalyzed dehydration resulting in imine formation or intramolecular hydrogen bonding and bond cleavage giving rise to anilide formation. In mild acid conditions, both products reversed to daptomycin. The reaction between daptomycin and glyceraldehyde was first-order with respect to both reactants. In a pH range of 1–7, the imine formation rate was pH dependent with a maximum rate at approximate pH values of 3–4. The observed pH dependence was consistent with the pH dependence of typical amine–aldehyde reactions.
Telling the whole story: a conceptual model for analysing the mental illness memoir

Purpose – This paper seeks to describe the advantages and limitations of using the mental illness memoir to teach future health care providers about mental illness.Design/methodology/approach – A review of the challenges to reconstructing the mental illness experience is followed by “caveats and considerations” in employing the mental illness memoir to teach prospective health care providers about mental illness. The importance of examining the way the many factors that shape the mental illness narrative is emphasised.Findings – While mental illness memoirs can be effective vehicles for educating students about mental illness, they may be even more valuable when accompanied by a careful examination of the factors that may have affected the construction of the narrative itself. An ecologically‐based conceptual model is proposed as a framework for systematic analysis of the mental illness memoir. A checklist of factors to employ in the analysis (inventory of influences on the mental illness narrative) is al...
Symbolic computational techniques for solving games

Games are useful in modular specification and analysis of systems where the distinction among the choices controlled by different components (for instance, the system and its environment) is made explicit. In this paper, we formulate and compare various symbolic computational techniques for deciding the existence of winning strategies. The game structure is given implicitly, and the winning condition is either a reachability game of the form "p until q" (for state predicates p and q) or a safety game of the form "Always p." For reachability games, the first technique employs symbolic fixed-point computation using ordered binary decision diagrams (BDDs) [9]. The second technique checks for the existence of strategies that ensure winning within k steps, for a user-specified bound k, by reduction to the satisfiability of quantified boolean formulas. Finally, the bounded case can also be solved by reduction to satisfiability of ordinary boolean formulas, and we discuss two techniques, one based on encoding the strategy tree and one based on encoding a witness subgraph, for reduction to Sat. We also show how some of these techniques can be adopted to solve safety games. We compare the various approaches by evaluating them on two examples for reachability games, and on an interface synthesis example for a fragment of TinyOS [15] for safety games. We use existing tools such as Mocha [4], Mucke [7], Semprop [19], Qube [12], and Berkmin [13] and contrast the results.
The Effect of Feeding Thiouracil on the Body Weight of New Hampshire Cockerels

Abstract The ability of thiouracil and related compounds to inhibit thyroid activity with a consequent hypothryoidism has been well established. Mixner, Reineke and Turner (1944) demonstrated that thiouracil and thiourea were effective in inhibiting the activity of the thyroid of the baby chicks as shown by the compensatory hypertrophy of the thyroid winch was secured when these materials were fed to baby chicks. Assuming that the condition of hypothyroidism was conducive to fattening, Kemster and Turner (1945) fed thiouracil to New Hampshire broilers at the rate of 0.2% in the ration for periods of sixteen days and thirty-five days. This resulted in a marked improvement in the dressed grade of the birds in both instances. Body weight gains were somewhat depressed with the 35-day treatment. Similarly, Andrews and Schnetzler (1946) noted improvement in the finish and market grade of Barred Plymouth Rock broilers fed thiouracil in the ration. These birds, however, . . .