cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wave-Current Loading on a Vertical Slender Cylinder by Two Different Numerical Models

The study of the effects resulting from the interaction of a combined wave-current field with any ocean structure is important for the design and performance evaluation of that structure. The prudent computation of forces exerted by waves and currents is an essential task in the study of the stability of an offshore structure. A study on the loading of an oblique wave and a current field on a fixed vertical slender cylinder in a 3D flow frame is illustrated in Zaman and Baddour (2004). The three dimensional expressions describing the characteristics of the combined wave-current field in terms of mass, momentum and energy flux conservation equations are formulated. The parameters before the interaction of the oblique wave-free uniform current and current-free wave are used to formulate the kinematics of the flow field. These expressions are also employed to formulate and calculate the loads imparted by the wave-current fluid flow on a bottom mounted slender vertical cylinder. In this work a 2D version of the above 3D model called here Model-I has been used for the numerical computations presented in this paper. The second model denoted model-II in the present paper is based on Euler equations. This model is formulated through the vertical integration of the continuity equation and the equations of motions, Zaman et al (1997). A semi-implicit numerical technique is employed for the numerical solution. In the present paper comparisons are made between the results obtained from the 2D version of the above models in finite depth. Both models are then compared with some relevant experimental data. Morison et al equation (1950) is deployed for the load computations in all cases.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Orbital Mediated Tunneling in Vanadyl Phthalocyanine Observed in both Tunnel Diode and STM Environments

For the first time orbital mediated tunneling spectroscopy (OMTS) is reported for the same species, vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc), in both the tunnel diode and STM environments. IETS and OMTS for a junction of the form [Al−Al2O3−VOPc−Pb] show both the expected bias symmetry of vibrational and electronic inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) bands and the highly bias asymmetric OMTS band associated with tunneling via direct occupation of the Pc ring π* orbital. STM studies of submonolayer coverage of VOPc on Au(111) produce well-resolved submolecular images of the molecule. Current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) allows one to easily identify VOPc islands, and the resulting I−V curves can be used to generate dI/dV spectra for VOPc and for bare gold regions. An intense band seen near +1.4 V bias (Au+) is identified as the same OMTS band as seen in the tunnel diode: resonance-like tunneling through the Pc ring π* orbital.
Union Revitalization: How Women and Men Officers See the Relationship Between Union Size and Union Tolerance for Sexual Harassment

Larger memberships resulting from union mergers and consolidations have heightened the issue of union responsiveness to economic and noneconomic needs of members. In this study, we focused on a gender-moderated relationship between union size and perceived union tolerance for sexual harassment, in which low perceived tolerance (a desirable outcome) was anticipated as a noneconomic need relevant to union women. Data were collected from women and men officers (N = 120) in various unions. Officers were viewed as well-positioned informants on tolerance in relation to union policies and practices. As hypothesized, the data confirmed that women in larger unions rated tolerance significantly higher (an undesirable outcome) than women in smaller unions. No such tolerance variation was found for men in relation to smaller and larger unions. Implications for union revitalization and future research on union size are discussed.
Trigeminal Neuralgia in a Patient with a Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in Meckel's Cave: Case Report

Objective and importance Trigeminal neuralgia is often the result of vascular compression at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve. We report a case of trigeminal neuralgia in a patient with a dural arteriovenous fistula in Meckel's cave. Endovascular closure of the fistula resulted in elimination of the patient's pain at the gasserian ganglion level. Clinical presentation A 77-year-old woman was referred for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia after failed conservative treatment, including multiple gasserian ganglion blocks. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain suggested a vascular lesion, and cerebral angiography demonstrated a dural arteriovenous fistula in Meckel's cave. Intervention Endovascular coil embolization was performed, with obliteration of the dural arteriovenous fistula and resolution of facial pain but with decreased sensation in the face. Conclusion Trigeminal neuralgia may be associated with complex vascular lesions around the base of the brain and along the course of the trigeminal nerve. The evaluation of patients with trigeminal neuralgia should include high-quality, thin-section, magnetic resonance imaging scans, to exclude the possibility of vascular lesions and other structural lesions. In particular, patients who are being evaluated for surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia should undergo magnetic resonance imaging, with a focus on the course of the trigeminal nerve.
How public relations professionals are managing the potential for sabotage, rumors, and misinformation disseminated via the Internet by computer hackers

The paper examines how public relations professionals are dealing with the potential for sabotage, rumors, and misinformation spread via the Internet by computer hackers. The author examines the public relations profession from a systems theory perspective and attempts to outline skills necessary for organizational survival in the new information age. Original data was gathered from a sample population of 41 (n=85 for a 48% response rate) public relations professionals from the membership directory of the Public Relations Society of America. The author concluded from the data that the majority of public relations professionals currently view the Internet as a one-way communication channel. In addition, the data supported the notion that public relations professionals are limited by their lack of understanding of the two-way communication potential of the medium, the speed and power of messages traveling in cyberspace, and the current legal climate as it relates to Internet activity.
Supply noise and CMOS synchronization errors

The effects of supply disturbances on synchronization failures in CMOS latches are examined. In contrast to prior work, supply noise is shown to increase a synchronizer's metastability error rate. Buffering the synchronizer to reduce these errors is shown to have little effect on the noise immunity. Measured results are presented from a test setup with a 2-/spl mu/m CMOS test chip to verify the findings. >
New Photopolymers Based on Two-Photon Absorbing Chromophores and Application to Three-Dimensional Microfabrication and Optical Storage

Molecules exhibiting strong two-photon absorption hold great potential for a wide range of applications including two-photon fluorescence imaging, three-dimensional (3D) optical data storage, and 3D microfabrication. The authors have observed two-photon absorptivities as high as 1,500 x 10{sup {minus}50} cm{sup 4} s/photon in bis-donor diphenylpolyene derivatives that are correlated to simultaneous charge transfer from the end groups to the polyene bridge in the molecule. Many of these molecules are also excellent photoexcitable electron donors that can initiate charge-transfer reactions with acrylate monomers. Marcus theory is used to describe the efficiency of these charge-transfer reactions. Polymerization rates have also been measured and they show that these two-photon chromophores display increased sensitivity and recording speed over conventional UV photo-initiators. The fabrication of complex, three-dimensional structures by two-photon polymerization is demonstrated and discussed in the context of advanced photonic applications.
A CAD Tool for the Kinematic Design of Robot Manipulators

In order to fully develop a CAD tool for the kinematic design of a robot manipulator, the relationship between the designed errors in the kinematic parameters and the resultant errors in the robot’s position and orientation at the World coordinates (the working coordinates of a robot) has to be mathematically modeled. Since the control basis for all robot manipulators is the relationship between the Cartesian coordinates of robot’s end-effector and the joint coordinates. The correct relationship between two connective joint coordinates of a robot manipulator is defined by four link parameters; one is the joint variable and the others are geometric values. Hence, the fidelity of robot manipulator’s position and orientation in the real world depends on the accuracy of these four link parameters of each joint. In this paper, a linear analytical model between the six errors in the position and orientation of the World coordinates and the four kinds of kinematic errors is developed. Based on this model, the error envelopes in the position and orientation of the World coordinates due to any combination of these four kinds of kinematic errors can be easily determined. Hence, this model can be used as a CAD tool to optimize the kinematic parameters of a robot manipulator and to increase the accuracy of designed manipulator. Furthermore, a simple calibration scheme based on this model has been developed to correct the kinematic errors of present robots.
Stability analysis in K‐means clustering

This paper develops a new procedure, called stability analysis, for K-means clustering. Instead of ignoring local optima and only considering the best solution found, this procedure takes advantage of additional information from a K-means cluster analysis. The information from the locally optimal solutions is collected in an object by object co-occurrence matrix. The co-occurrence matrix is clustered and subsequently reordered by a steepest ascent quadratic assignment procedure to aid visual interpretation of the multidimensional cluster structure. Subsequently, measures are developed to determine the overall structure of a data set, the number of clusters and the multidimensional relationships between the clusters.
Mathematical Modeling of Current-Interrupt and Pulse Operation of Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Cells

Electric and hybrid electric vehicles use valve-regulated lead acid ~VRLA! cells that are subjected to dynamic operation with charge, rest, and discharge periods in the order of seconds. Such operation requires more sophisticated models that incorporate the electrochemical double layer. While this effect has been incorporated in a handful of electrochemical systems, the lead-acid cell, with its sluggish reaction kinetics, is one of the few where it is significant. This significance is demonstrated with use of the current-interrupt technique, where the model is used to provide guidelines for the estimation of various resistances. The usefulness of the modeling approach is exemplified by its ability to explore the effect of changing electrochemical area and concentration with state of charge, and the role of parasitic side reactions in the voltage response of the cell. Simulations of pulse charging and dynamic stress test of VRLA cells, where considerable differences are shown when including the double layer, illustrate the need for modifying the presently used modeling approach. In addition, simulations are compared to current-interrupt experiments on commercial cells in order to evaluate the applicability of the model and to identify the differences.
Transcriptional Regulation in the Streptococcus pneumoniae rlrA Pathogenicity Islet by RlrA

The proper temporal expression of virulence genes during infection is crucial to the infectious life cycle of microbial pathogens, particularly in pathogens that encounter a multitude of environments in eukaryotic hosts. Streptococcus pneumoniae normally colonizes the nasopharynges of healthy adults but can cause a range of diseases at a variety of host sites. Transcriptional regulators that are essential for full virulence of S. pneumoniae in different animal models have been identified. One such regulator, rlrA, is required for colonization of the nasopharynx and lung infection but is dispensable for systemic infection. Previous work has shown that rlrA lies in a 12-kb pathogenicity islet, divergently opposed to three putative sortase-anchored surface proteins and three sortase enzymes. In addition to rlrA, one of the putative surface proteins and one of the sortases have also been shown to be essential for lung infection. In this work, we demonstrate that RlrA is a positive regulator of all seven genes in the rlrA pathogenicity islet, with transcriptional activation occurring at four different promoters in the islet with AT-rich sequences. These promoters direct the expression of rlrA itself, the three sortases, rrgA, and rrgBC. These data are consistent with the model whereby the rlrA pathogenicity islet acts in an autonomous manner to alter the bacterial surface components that interact with the pulmonary and nasopharyngeal environments.
Why Dicta Become Holdings and Why It Matters

The distinction between holding and dicta is significant. Yet holdings are sometimes treated as dicta, and more significantly, dictum is regularly elevated to holding. Although the confusion between holding and dicta has garnered substantial discussion, little attention has been paid to why this confusion exists. This Article explores the reasons underlying the conflation of holding and dicta. It identifies several causes, including the cyclical nature of our judicial system, creating a ripple effect; the tendency of courts to emulate the Supreme Court; and our overemphasis on words, phrases, and quotations. The Article argues that by identifying these causes, we can begin to consider solutions that will minimize the elevation of dicta into holding.
Induction of pulmonary hypertensive changes by extracellular vesicles from monocrotaline-treated mice

Aims Circulating endothelium-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) levels are altered in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but whether they are biomarkers of cellular injury or participants in disease pathogenesis is unknown. Previously, we found that lung-derived EVs (LEVs) induce bone marrow-derived progenitor cells to express lung-specific mRNA and protein. In this study, we sought to determine whether LEV or plasma-derived EV (PEV) alter pulmonary vascular endothelial or marrow progenitor cell phenotype to induce pulmonary vascular remodelling. Methods and results LEV, PEV isolated from monocrotaline (MCT-EV)- or vehicle-treated mice (vehicle-EV) were injected into healthy mice. Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodelling were assessed by RV-to-body weight (RV/BW) and blood vessel wall thickness-to-diameter (WT/D) ratios. RV/BW, WT/D ratios were elevated in MCT- vs. vehicle-injected mice (1.99 ± 0.09 vs. 1.04 ± 0.09 mg/g; 0.159 ± 0.002 vs. 0.062 ± 0.009%). RV/BW, WT/D ratios were higher in mice injected with MCT-EV vs. mice injected with vehicle-EV (1.63 ± 0.09 vs. 1.08 ± 0.09 mg/g; 0.113 ± 0.02 vs. 0.056 ± 0.01%). Lineage-depleted bone marrow cells incubated with MCT-EV and marrow cells isolated from mice infused with MCT-EV had greater expression of endothelial progenitor cell mRNAs and mRNAs abnormally expressed in PAH than cells incubated with vehicle-EV or isolated from vehicle-EV infused mice. MCT-EV induced an apoptosis-resistant phenotype in murine pulmonary endothelial cells and lineage-depleted bone marrow cells incubated with MCT-EV induced pulmonary hypertension when injected into healthy mice. Conclusions EV from MCT-injured mice contribute to the development of MCT-induced pulmonary hypertension. This effect may be mediated directly by EV on the pulmonary vasculature or by differentiation of bone marrow cells to endothelial progenitor cells that induce pulmonary vascular remodelling.
Wife Abuse in Tajikistan

In Tajikistan, wife abuse is a significant problem that has received virtually no attention from researchers or the government of Tajikistan. This descriptive study seeks to understand women's approval of wife abuse and the extent of wife abuse in Tajik women's lives. Four hundred women in three districts of Khatlon Oblast participated in this general population survey. Overall, most women approved of wife abuse by one's husband and/or mother-in-law and maintained that there were a wide range of so-called justifiable circumstances for wife abuse, particularly for behaviors that transgress expectations. A significant proportion of women also reported experiencing physical and sexual violence from their husbands, and a small proportion of women reported experiencing physical violence from their mothers-in-law. The study's implications for practice and future research on issues of wife abuse in Tajikistan are discussed.
Discrimination Hurts: The Academic, Psychological, and Physical Well-Being of Adolescents

Little is known about the frequency of ethnic or racial discrimination and its implications for Latin American and Asian youths' development. In this study, we examined if there were ethnic and generation differences among 601 12th graders from Latin American (36%), Asian (43%), and European (19%) backgrounds in the frequency of peer, adult, and daily discrimination, and whether discrimination predicted their well-being. Adolescents from Latin American and Asian backgrounds reported more adult and peer discrimination than their peers from European backgrounds. Latin American youth reported more adult discrimination than their Asian peers. Discrimination predicted lower grade point averages and self-esteem, and more depressive symptoms, distress, and physical complaints. Ethnic identity, ethnic socialization, and race rejection sensitivity did not moderate the associations between discrimination and well-being.
Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) amplifies the pulmonary hypertensive response to microparticle injections in broilers

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that microparticles entrapped within the pulmonary vasculature elicit the production of nitric oxide (NO) in quantities sufficient to modulate the combined impact of physical occlusion plus contemporaneously released vasoconstrictors. In experiment 1, male broilers were given an injection of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), followed by an intravenous injection of cellulose microparticles while the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and cardiac output (CO) were recorded. When L-NAME was used to block NO synthesis induced by the microparticles, an early peak of pulmonary hypertension was revealed that rarely developed in the absence of L-NAME. The subsequent more prolonged increases in PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were greater in amplitude and duration in broilers pretreated with L-NAME than in broilers in the control group. These amplified responses occurred in spite of a simultaneous reduction in CO, thereby conclusively demonstrating that inhibiting NOS permitted the development of a much more profound increase in the PVR. In experiment 2 the mortality triggered within 48 h after injecting microparticles was evaluated in the presence and absence of L-NAME. The 48 h postinjection mortality more than doubled when L-NAME was combined with microparticle injection doses that otherwise caused relatively low mortality in the absence of L-NAME. Experiment 3 was conducted to determine whether NO contributes to the systemic hypoxemia that develops after microparticles are injected. L-NAME administration had no impact on the magnitude and duration of the microparticle induced decline in the percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (%HbO2). Evidently hypoxemia per se contributes relatively little to the amplified pulmonary vasoconstriction and 48 h postinjection mortality triggered by microparticle injections in broilers pretreated with L-NAME. These observations indicate that NO modulates the responses to vasoconstrictors released when microparticles become entrapped in the pulmonary vasculature. Inhibition of NOS by L-NAME exposed a more dramatic increase in PVR and pulmonary hypertension leading to enhanced mortality in response to microparticle injections.
Evolution Of Direct Shipping Of Wine In The United States -- Economic, Legal And Political Considerations

The study examines the effort of wine producers and others in the United States to permit direct shipping of wine to consumers bypassing the traditional three-tier system, where product typically flows from the supplier, to the wholesaler, to the retailer, and ultimately the consumer. The case study places an emphasis on the economic, legal and political issues that have been faced by state legislatures when considering proposals to permit direct shipping. The analysis will discuss the history and evolution of public policies and state laws in the past three decades and will focus on the Maryland experience.
Blood Characteristics, Heart Mass, and Wing Morphology of Antillean Bats

Abstract. Oxygen-transport properties of blood and heart mass of 11 species of bats in the families Phyllostomidae, Mormoopidae, Noctilionidae, Molossidae, and Vespertilionidae were investigated and related to morphological characteristics of the wings and to phylogeny. These 11 species include all West Indian core species, and 85% of the assemblage of bats in the subtropical moist forest of northern Puerto Rico. Hematocrits (48.5%–64%) fall within values expected for bats. Diameter of red blood cells ranged from 4.2µm to 6.2µm. Heart mass (0.32g–0.01g) and hematocrit were significantly correlated to wing shape and wing loading (0.19 g/cm2–0.06 g/cm2), but not to phylogeny. The relationship between hematocrit and wing loading showed a negative slope.
The End of Terror? Examining Shifts in Immigration Policy in the Obama Administration

Immigration politics under the Bush administration was marked by the racialization and demonization of immigrants, the resurgence of a national security state, and the dissemination of fear that encumbered the rights of citizens and non-citizens alike. In this context, Arab, Muslim, and Latina/o immigrants were continually terrorized by the state via changes in law and new practices of implementation, while they were simultaneously constituted as potential terrorists. Following the mandate for change that included promises for comprehensive immigration reform and an end to aggressive state practices, the Obama administration initiated changes in immigration politics, prompting the question: have we reached the end of terror? In other words, how have the policies and practices of immigration changed under the Obama administration and more importantly how have those changes impacted or affected the larger discourse on immigrants? This paper, utilizes interviews with public officials, along with a review of newspapers and public records from the DHS to answer these questions. In particular, I examine shifts in policy, practice and framing of immigrants including the use of restrictive legislation in the states such as Arizona, which have reignited racialized fears.
Further characterization of endometrial integrins during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy

Objective To profile the changes in integrin expression in cycling and pregnant endometrium. Design Immunohistochemistry was performed on endometrium from proliferative, early, and midsecretory phase and early pregnancy using a blinded panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against integrins. Closer examination of the cycle-dependent integrins was performed in 112 patients throughout the cycle and from the first trimester of pregnancy. Setting An academic teaching hospital. Patients Ovulatory women or women undergoing pregnancy termination. Main Outcome Measure Staining intensity of each antibody in epithelial or stromal cells. Results Certain integrins were present constitutively throughout the menstrual cycle whereas others were expressed only during the luteal phase. Four integrins increased in the decidua of pregnancy. The timing of expression of the two cycle-dependent integrins ( α 4 β 1 and α v β 3) framed the putative window of implantation and suggests a role in establishment of uterine receptivity. Conclusions Our findings confirm the patterns of endometrial integrins and suggest important roles for integrins in the process of implantation and decidualization.
Rheology of granular materials with size distributions across dense-flow regimes

Abstract We investigate the dense-flow rheology of granular materials with various size distributions through discrete element simulations of simple shear flows of frictional, spherical particles with binary, linear, Gaussian, and lognormal distributions in size. Dense shear flows of monodisperse granular materials exhibit three regimes: quasistatic, inertial, and intermediate. It is found that these regimes persist for polydisperse granular materials as well. However, the critical volume fraction that separates the quasistatic and inertial regimes is found to increase when particles manifest size distribution. This increase in the critical volume fraction can be described with fair accuracy by polydispersity and skewness alone regardless of types of distributions. Furthermore, the inertial number model for stress ratio is found valid for particles with size distribution. A rheological model is proposed that captures the simulation results on stresses for all the size distributions studied.
Microchemistry of Proton-Irradiated Austenitic Alloys under Conditions Relevant to LWR Core Components

Over 1200 measurements of grain boundary composition and microstructure have been made on 14 different austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys following proton irradiation in the temperature range 200-600°C and in the dose range 0.1-3.0 dpa. Grain boundary composition measurements revealed that Cr depletes at grain boundaries, Ni enriches and Fe can either enrich or deplete depending on alloy composition. Analysis of temperature and composition dependence of RIS revealed that the magnitude and direction of grain boundary segregation depends on alloy composition because the value of migration enthalpy differs among the alloy constituents, and diffusivities of the alloy constituents are composition-dependent. The dose dependence of segregation revealed ordering in Ni-base alloys and temperature dependence was used to show that RIS occurs by vacancy exchange rather than an interstitial binding mechanism. The dependence of segregation on composition is consistent with all known, relevant neutron data.
Factorial validity and measurement invariance of the Perceived Susceptibility to Sport Injury scale.

The Perceived Susceptibility to Sport Injury (PSSI) scale is a measure that has recently surfaced in the sport injury literature. The factor structure of the PSSI scale has not been subjected to a rigorous factor analysis; thus, the factorial validity of the measure in athlete populations is unknown. To establish the validity of the PSSI scale in sports medicine research, the purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance across gender of the PSSI scale. Male and female intercollegiate athletes (N = 217) completed the PSSI scale during the off-season. The factor structure was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) procedures and maximum likelihood estimation. The measurement invariance analysis was conducted via comparisons of fit indices within a series of hierarchically constrained models. Results of the CFA yielded a very good fit of the measurement model: χ2 (2) = 4.535, P = 0.104; RMSEA = 0.076; SRMR = 0.018; CFI = 0.995; NNFI = 0.985. Results of the measurement invariance analysis demonstrated strict invariance across gender, and no significant latent mean differences emerged between men and women. Study results support the factorial validity of the PSSI scale for use in future sports medicine research.
Abstract 439: Niacin Does Not Accelerate Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Man

BackgroundHDL may be atheroprotective by accelerating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Niacin raises HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) and niacin monotherapy up to 3g/d prevented coronary events, possibly by accelerating RCT. However, up to 2g/d niacin did not prevent outcomes beyond aggressive LDL lowering including statins, arguing against RCT-mediated atheroprotection. We developed a novel method to assess macrophage-to-lipoprotein RCT in vivo. Preliminary studies in mice demonstrate that albumin-bound tritiated cholesterol (3H-Chol) is rapidly removed ( 95% in 30min) by resident macrophages. We monitored subsequent reappearance over 8d by macrophage-to-lipoprotein RCT as 3H-Chol rate of appearance (RA pre-post therapy, %3H-Chol injected/mol cholesterol/h) and tracer fecal excretion (%3H-Chol injected/g feces), and further analyzed RCT by multi-compartmental modeling. ResultsNiacin raised HDL-c 44% vs 17% on placebo (p=0.02) and dropped non HDL-c 40% (p<0.0001). Niacin and placebo did not differ by HDL 3H-Ch...
Analysis of trace clozapine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector

Objective:To establish a method for determination of clozapine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector(DAD).Methods:After the urine sample was cleaned and enriched by solid-phase extraction(SPE) cartridges,the sample was separated on an Extend C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm)by using the mobile phase consisting of 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate+methanol(15+85,v/v).Detection was carried out by DAD at 228 nm.Quantitative analysis was based on an internal standard method with diazapam.Results:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.01~1.0 mg/L,and the limit of quantification was found to be 0.01 mg/L.The extraction recovery was 96.0%～98.0%,the Intra-day RSD was less than 6.5% and the Inter-day RSD was less than 9.5%.Conclusion:This method is simple,sensitive,accurate and of good specificity for the satisfactory determination of trace clozapine residue in poisoned patients.
The Exergy Analysis and Energy-saving of Boiler

According to the definition and computational method of exergy,exergy analysis has been used in a power plant.Combustion and heat transfer processes are the neat parts of the whole system.reason as well as solution measure of exergy loss have been showed.Compare with thermal efficiency,the exergy efficiency is more reasonable.
Thermal-Structure Coupling Characteristics of Brake's Rotating Joint Surface

In order to explore the frictional heat and the heat distribution between brake disc and friction plate,the process of emergency braking was simulated using the finite element software. The distribution and variation characteristics of temperature field and stress field were studied. The results showed that the distribution of temperature field and stress field is uneven during the braking process. Their gradients in radial and axial directions are greater,but in circumferential direction is relatively smaller. The thermal and mechanical stress will lead to thermal deformation of the brake disc,which can change contact state and pressure distribution. The change of contact pressure will affect the friction heat input. The thermal deformation of the brake disc is not only the coupling result of the temperature and stress fields,but also the coupling result of the vibration and friction.
The purple allelic series inColeus

1. Ten or more alleles appear to occur in the series known, as ‘purple’. These affect the amount and distribution of anthocyanin in the plant. 2. The occurrence of chimeras within plants of known genotype indicates that the genesP,P c andP L are true alleles, rather than pseudoalleles.
Camera-Based signage detection and recognition for blind persons

Signage plays an important role for wayfinding and navigation to assist blind people accessing unfamiliar environments. In this paper, we present a novel camera-based approach to automatically detect and recognize restroom signage from surrounding environments. Our method first extracts the attended areas which may content signage based on shape detection. Then, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is applied to extract local features in the detected attended areas. Finally, signage is detected and recognized as the regions with the SIFT matching scores larger than a threshold. The proposed method can handle multiple signage detection. Experimental results on our collected restroom signage dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.
The Genetic Basis of Upland/Lowland Ecotype Divergence in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

The evolution of locally adapted ecotypes is a common phenomenon that generates diversity within plant species. However, we know surprisingly little about the genetic mechanisms underlying the locally adapted traits involved in ecotype formation. The genetic architecture underlying locally adapted traits dictates how an organism will respond to environmental selection pressures, and has major implications for evolutionary ecology, conservation, and crop breeding. To understand the genetic architecture underlying the divergence of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) ecotypes, we constructed a genetic mapping population through a four-way outbred cross between two northern upland and two southern lowland accessions. Trait segregation in this mapping population was largely consistent with multiple independent loci controlling the suite of traits that characterizes ecotype divergence. We assembled a joint linkage map using ddRADseq, and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for traits that are divergent between ecotypes, including flowering time, plant size, physiological processes, and disease resistance. Overall, we found that most QTL had small to intermediate effects. While we identified colocalizing QTL for multiple traits, we did not find any large-effect QTL that clearly controlled multiple traits through pleiotropy or tight physical linkage. These results indicate that ecologically important traits in switchgrass have a complex genetic basis, and that similar loci may underlie divergence across the geographic range of the ecotypes.
Incidence and risk factors of posttraumatic seizures following traumatic brain injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

SummaryObjective Determine incidence of posttraumatic seizure (PTS) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) among individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI requiring rehabilitation and surviving at least 5 years. Methods Using the prospective TBI Model Systems National Database, we calculated PTS incidence during acute hospitalization, and at years 1, 2, and 5 postinjury in a continuously followed cohort enrolled from 1989 to 2000 (n = 795). Incidence rates were stratified by risk factors, and adjusted relative risk (RR) was calculated. Late PTS associations with immediate ( 7 day) versus no seizure prior to discharge from acute hospitalization was also examined. Results PTS incidence during acute hospitalization was highest immediately (<24 h) post-TBI (8.9%). New onset PTS incidence was greatest between discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and year 1 (9.2%). Late PTS cumulative incidence from injury to year 1 was 11.9%, and reached 20.5% by year 5. Immediate/early PTS RR (2.04) was increased for those undergoing surgical evacuation procedures. Late PTS RR was significantly greater for individuals who self-identified as a race other than black/white (year 1 RR = 2.22), and for black individuals (year 5 RR = 3.02) versus white individuals. Late PTS was greater for individuals with subarachnoid hemorrhage (year 1 RR = 2.06) and individuals age 23–32 (year 5 RR = 2.43) and 33–44 (year 5 RR = 3.02). Late PTS RR years 1 and 5 was significantly higher for those undergoing surgical evacuation procedures (RR: 3.05 and 2.72, respectively). Significance In this prospective, longitudinal, observational study, PTS incidence was similar to that in studies published previously. Individuals with immediate/late seizures during acute hospitalization have increased late PTS risk. Race, intracranial pathologies, and neurosurgical procedures also influenced PTS RR. Further studies are needed to examine the impact of seizure prophylaxis in high-risk subgroups and to delineate contributors to race/age associations on long-term seizure outcomes.
Pediatric referrals to an emergency department from urgent care centers

Objective The aims of this study were to describe pediatric emergency department (ED) referrals from urgent care centers and to determine the percentage of referrals considered essential and serious. Methods A prospective study was conducted between April 2013 and April 2015 on patients younger than 21 years referred directly to an ED in central Pennsylvania from surrounding urgent care centers. Referrals were considered essential or serious based on investigations/procedures performed or medications/consultations received in the ED. Results Analysis was performed on 455 patient encounters (mean age, 8.7 y), with 347 (76%) considered essential and 40 (9%) considered serious. The most common chief complaints were abdominal pain (83 encounters), extremity injury (76), fever (39), cough/cold (29), and head/neck injury (29). Thirty-three percent of the patients received laboratory diagnostic investigations (74% serum, 56% urine), and 52% received radiologic investigations (67% x-ray, 17% computed tomography scan, 13% ultrasound, 11% magnetic resonance imaging). Forty-four percent of the patients received a procedure, with the most common being intravenous (IV) placement (66%); reduction, casting, or splinting of extremity fracture/dislocation (18%); and laceration repair (14%). The most common medications administered were IV fluids (33%), oral analgesics (30%), and IV analgesics (26%). Eighty-three percent of the patients were discharged home, 12% were hospitalized, and 4% had emergent surgical intervention. The most common primary diagnoses were closed extremity fracture (60 encounters), gastroenteritis (42), brain concussion (28), upper respiratory infection (24), and nonsurgical, unspecified abdominal pain (24). Conclusions Many ED referrals directed from urgent care centers in our sample were considered essential, and few were considered serious. Urgent care centers should develop educational and preparedness strategies based on the epidemiology of emergencies that may occur.
Defense of Rawls’s Political Conception of the Person

In Chap. 7, I refute normative objections to Rawls’s political conception of the person. I argue that, as with the metaphysical objections to the original position, some of the normative objections to Rawls’s political conception of the person fail simply because they are based on a misunderstanding. I argue that the other normative objections are unsuccessful because they rely on a false dichotomy between the individual and the political. These objections, I argue, fail to undermine Rawls’s political conception of the person because social factors can help persons develop their identities without the government taking an active role in ensuring that persons engage in social activities. Rawls grants that social factors partially constitute individuals’ identities. Indeed, it is his view that persons will engage in the social activities that help them to constitute their identities and develop full moral autonomy without the government ensuring that they do so.
Hedge Fund Replication: A Model Combination Approach

Recent years have seen increased demand from institutional investors for passive replication products that track the performance of hedge fund strategies using liquid investable assets such as futures contracts. In practice, linear replication methods suffer from poor tracking performance and high turnover. We propose a model combination approach to index replication that pools information from a diverse set of pre-specified factor models. Compared to existing methods, the pooled clone strategies yield consistently lower tracking errors, generate less severe portfolio drawdowns, and require substantially smaller trading volume. The pooled hedge fund clones also provide economic benefits in a portfolio allocation context.
Quantitative Phase Imaging using Entangled Photon Pairs

We experimentally demonstrate phase imaging using entangled photons and transport-of-intensity methods. We show that the reconstruction of an unknown phase object from quantum light is more sensitive and less noisy than that of classical illumination.
Relationships of fish assemblages, instream physical habitat, and landscape characteristics of wadeable Iowa streams

Fish assemblages play a key role in stream ecosystems, and play a crucial role in the assessment of stream health. Physical habitat is a key component of stream ecosystems and plays a major role in determining biotic assemblages and stream integrity. There is increasing recognition of the role landscape factors play in determining biotic assemblages and stream integrity. Landscapes in Iowa and other Midwestern states have been profoundly altered by conversion of native prairies and wetlands to agriculture. We analyzed fish assemblages, physical habitat and landscape characteristics from 93 randomly selected sites on wadeable Iowa streams to explore relationships between fish assemblage, reach scale physical habitat and landscape characteristics at multiple spatial scales. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination and stepwise multiple regression were used to explore, identify and quantify relationships. Ordination of sites by species abundance showed significant gradients related to stream size and stream health. Thirty variables were identified as significantly correlated to the ordination of fish assemblage and significantly differed between healthy and impaired sites. Eighteen variables of physical habitat were identified as predictors of fish assemblage metrics. Variables described channel morphology, channel cross section and bank morphology, residual pool volume, relative bed stability, large woody debris, riparian vegetation, fish cover, human disturbance and substrate composition. Fish assemblages in Iowa wadeable streams are associated with the quality of the instream physical conditions that constitute an important part of their habitat. Ordination of sites by physical habitat showed significant gradients of channel shape and habitat complexity, substrate composition and stream size. Land cover variables were strongly correlated
Comorbid symptoms of inattention, autism, and executive cognition in youth with putative genetic risk.

Background Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and inattention (IA) are highly comorbid and associated with deficits in executive cognition. Cognitive deficits have been posited as candidate endophenotypes of psychiatric traits, but few studies have conceptualized cognitive deficits as psychiatric comorbidities. The latter model is consistent with a latent factor reflecting broader liability to neuropsychological dysfunction, and explains heterogeneity in the cognitive profile of individuals with ASD and IA. Methods We tested competing models of covariance among symptoms of ASD, IA, and cognition in a sample of 73 youth with a known genetic mutation. Results A common executive factor fit best as a cognitive comorbidity, rather than endophenotype, of the shared variance between measures of IA and ASD symptoms. Known genetic risk explained a third of the shared variance among psychiatric and cognitive measures. Conclusions Comorbid symptoms of ASD, IA, and cognitive deficits are likely influenced by common neurogenetic factors. Known genetic risk in ASD may inform future investigation of putative genetic causes of IA.
ASSESSING SIBLING ATTACHMENT IN THE FACE OF PLACEMENT ISSUES

With the advent of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 child welfare workers are faced with the task of placing sibling groups in potential adoptive homes shortly after their separation from biological families. At times, the number of children and/or their special needs present arguments against the conventional wisdom of maintaining the sibling group intact. This paper presents guidelines in the assessment of sibling attachment and in the decision-making process regarding placement.
Blood pressure response to metoprolol and chlorthalidone in European and African Americans with hypertension

Despite the availability of many antihypertensive drug classes, half of patients with hypertension have uncontrolled blood pressure (BP). The authors sought to assess the effect of age on BP response in European American and African American patients with hypertension. Clinic BP from the PEAR2 (Pharmacogenomics Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses 2) study was used to estimate BP responses from baseline following sequential treatment with metoprolol 100 mg twice daily and chlorthalidone 25 mg daily for 8 to 9 weeks each, with a minimum 4-week washout between treatments. BP responses to both drugs were compared in 159 European Americans and 119 African Americans by age with adjustment for baseline BP and sex. European Americans younger than 50 years responded better to metoprolol than chlorthalidone (diastolic BP: -9.6 ± 8.0 vs -5.9 ± 6.8 mm Hg, adjusted P = .003), whereas patients 50 years and older responded better to chlorthalidone than metoprolol (systolic BP: -18.7 ± 13.8 vs -13.6 ± 14.8 mm Hg, adjusted P = .008). African Americans younger than 50 years responded similarly to both drugs, whereas those 50 years and older responded better to chlorthalidone than metoprolol (-17.0 ± 13.2/-9.6 ± 7.5 vs -7.0 ± 18.6/-6.7 ± 9.3 mm Hg, adjusted P<.0001/.008). Therefore, age should be considered when selecting antihypertensive therapy in European and African American populations with hypertension.
Chronic interval exercise training prevents BKCa channel-mediated coronary vascular dysfunction in aortic-banded miniswine

Conventional treatments have failed to improve the prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. Our findings show that chronic interval exercise training can preven...
Development of piperazine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitors against falcilysin, an essential malarial protease

The human parasite Plasmodium falciparum kills an estimated 445,000 people a year, with the most fatalities occurring in African children. Previous studies identified falcilysin (FLN) as a malarial metalloprotease essential for parasite development in the human host. Despite its essentiality, the biological roles of this protease are not well understood. Here we describe the optimization of a piperazine-based hydroxamic acid scaffold to develop the first reported inhibitors of FLN. Inhibitors were tested against cultured parasites, and parasiticidal activity correlated with potency against FLN. This suggests these compounds kill P. falciparum by blocking FLN, and that FLN is a druggable target. These compounds represent an important step towards validating FLN as a therapeutic target and towards the development of chemical tools to investigate the function of this protease.
Quadrupling inhaled glucocorticoid dose for deteriorating asthma control reduced severe exacerbations.

Source Citation McKeever T, Mortimer K, Wilson A, et al. Quadrupling inhaled glucocorticoid dose to abort asthma exacerbations. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:902-10. 29504499