cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRPM5-expressing Microvillous Cells Regulate Region-specific Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis During Chemical Exposure

The mammalian main olfactory epithelium (MOE) is exposed to a wide spectrum of external chemicals during respiration and relies on adaptive plasticity to maintain its structural and functional integrity. We previously reported that the chemo-responsive and cholinergic transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5)-expressing-microvillous cells (MCs) in the MOE are required for maintaining odor-evoked electrophysiological responses and olfactory-guided behavior during two-week exposure to an inhaled chemical mixture. Here, we investigated the underlying factors by assessing the potential modulatory effects of TRPM5-MCs on MOE morphology and cell proliferation and apoptosis, which are important for MOE maintenance. In the posterior MOE of TRPM5-GFP mice, we found that two-week chemical exposure induced a significant increase in Ki67-expressing proliferating basal stem cells without a significant reduction in the thickness of the whole epithelium or mature olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) layer. This adaptive increase in stem cell proliferation was missing in chemical-exposed transcription factor Skn-1a knockout (Skn-1a-/-) mice lacking TRPM5-MCs. In addition, a greater number of isolated OSNs from chemical-exposed Skn-1a-/- mice displayed unhealthily high levels of resting intracellular Ca2+. Intriguingly, in the anterior MOE where we found a higher density of TRPM5-MCs, chemical-exposed TRPM5-GFP mice exhibited a time-dependent increase in apoptosis and a loss of mature OSNs without a significant increase in proliferation or neurogenesis to compensate for OSN loss. Together, our data suggest that TRPM5-MC-dependent region-specific upregulation of cell proliferation in the majority of the MOE during chemical exposure contributes to the adaptive maintenance of OSNs and olfactory function.
“I had the best of both worlds”: transnational sense of belonging-Second-generation Korean Americans’ heritage language learning journey

This study explores how a transnational sense of belonging is constructed within and through heritage language (HL) learning among second-generation Korean American adults throughout their life tra...
Analytical and numerical solution of the pressure response to an unsteady heat release pulse in 1D

Abstract This paper analyzes the pressure response to an unsteady heat release source in an unconfined one-dimensional domain. An analytical model based on the acoustic wave equation with an unsteady heat source is derived, and then compared against results from highly-resolved numerical simulations. Two different heat release profiles, a Gaussian spatial distribution with either a step or a Gaussian temporal distribution, are used to model the heat source. The analytical solutions predict two regimes in the pressure response depending on the Helmholtz number, which is defined as the ratio of the acoustic time over the duration of the heat release pulse. A critical Helmholtz number is found to dictate the pressure response regime. For compact cases, in the subcritical regime, the amplitude of the pressure pulse remains constant in space. For noncompact cases, above the critical Helmholtz number, the pressure pulse reaches a maximum at the center of the heat source, and then decays in space converging to a lower far field amplitude. At the limits of very small and very large Helmholtz numbers, the heat release response tends to be a constant pressure process and a constant volume process, respectively. The parameters of the study are chosen to be representative of the extreme conditions in a rocket combustor. The analytical models for both heat source profiles closely match the simulations with a slight overprediction. The differences observed in the analytical solutions are due to neglecting mean flow property variations and the absence of loss mechanisms. The numerical simulations also reveal the presence of nonlinear effects such as weak shocks that cannot be captured by the linear acoustic wave equation.
Teleneurology Comprehensive Inpatient Consultations Expedite Access to Care and Decreases Hospital Length of Stay.

Background and Purpose:While the successful provision of telestroke care has been well documented in the literature, studies on the impact of comprehensive teleneurology service (TN) to hospital me...
Künstliche Intelligenz im Jahr 2020

Mit kaum einer Technologie werden so hohe Erwartungen verknupft wie mit Kunstlicher Intelligenz (KI). Sie soll todliche Krankheiten bekampfen, den Hunger der Welt uberwinden, Naturkatastrophen oder Pandemien vorhersagen und unsere Umwelt sauberer machen. Forciert von Romanen und Spielfilmen lost KI aber auch viele Angste aus: Sie konnte uns die Arbeit nehmen, uns uberwachen und irgendwann vielleicht sogar versklaven. Doch diese dystopischen Erwartungen sind von der Realitat weit entfernt.
The Unexplored Potential of Virtual Reality for Cultural Learning.

Educational technology tools that improve learning and foster engagement are constantly sought by teachers and researchers. In the domain of Computer-Assisted Language Learning a variety of tools, for instance blogs and podcasts, have been used to promote language and cultural learning (Shih, 2015). More recently, virtual reality has been identified as a technology with great potential for the creation of meaningful and contextualized learning experiences. Despite the learning affordances of virtual reality, in language education most of the literature has focused on the low-immersive version, whereas research investigating highly immersive virtual environments has only emerged in recent years (e.g., Berti, 2019; Blyth, 2018). In other fields, the use of highly immersive virtual reality has been compared to traditional pedagogical resources and demonstrated that students’ learning improved with the use of virtual environments as compared to two-dimensional video and textbook learning conditions (Allcoat & von Muhlenen, 2018). Considering the potential learning benefits of this technology, this paper argues that longitudinal empirical research in language education is strongly needed to investigate its potential unexplored impact on language and cultural learning.
Before Empirical Turns And Transcendental Inquiry: Pre-Philosophical Considerations

I approach the idea of empirical turns and transcendental theories indirectly. I do not start “post-“ or “neg-” anything; instead I begin pre-philosophically—that is, before everyone has a position and opposes other positions—with Heidegger’s “preparatory hermeneutical” question: As whom and with what concerns do empirically or transcendentally minded philosophers of technology respond to their experience of technoscientific life? For example, in his second Untimely Meditation, Nietzsche identifies his concern as one of “taking advantage” of historical knowledge “for life,” that is, he understands himself to be motivated by a life-driven, not scientific “need.” But how are “needs” in Nietzsche’s sense to be distinguished? The question leads straight to Heidegger’s idea of a hermeneutics that comes “before philosophy”—a “hermeneutics of facticity” that considers “what goes on in [i.e., motivates] a philosophy before it becomes what it is”? I argue that once Nietzsche’s notion of need is expanded and deepened in Heidegger’s direction, we gain some clarity about how to appropriate any information “for life,” whether it is science-based, culturally operative, or phenomenological. I then consider Ihde, Stiegler, and the future prospects of empirical turns and transcendental theories in light of this idea.
Analysis of Peak Regulation Auxiliary Service Market Under the Deepening Stage of the Spot Market Construction

At present, China's peak regulation auxiliary service market has been put into operation. According to the actual situation, the peak regulation market rules formulated by various localities have improved the enthusiasm of power generation enterprises in peak regulation to a certain extent. With the development of spot market, the basis of peak regulation market has changed greatly. It is urgent to study the relationship between them. In this paper, the development of peak regulation market is deeply analyzed, and the main problems of peak load regulation are put forward. Then, the adaptability of peak regulation market and spot market is analyzed through scenario comparison, and the necessity of peak regulation market at present stage is explained. Furthermore, the paper studies and puts forward the coordination clearing mode and model between peak regulation market and spot market at the present stage, and verifies its feasibility through a practical example. Finally, some constructive suggestions are put forward for the development of peak regulation market.
Slow black hole accretion drives mass loss

Novel observational evidence appears to confirm that when mass is supplied to massive black holes at low rates, only a fraction is actually accreted. Much of the gas may be lost in a low-speed magnetohydrodynamic wind.
The Ephb2 Receptor Uses Homotypic, Head-to-Tail Interactions within Its Ectodomain as an Autoinhibitory Control Mechanism.

The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands direct axon pathfinding and neuronal cell migration, as well as mediate many other cell–cell communication events. Their dysfunctional signaling has been shown to lead to various diseases, including cancer. The Ephs and ephrins both localize to the plasma membrane and, upon cell–cell contact, form extensive signaling assemblies at the contact sites. The Ephs and the ephrins are divided into A and B subclasses based on their sequence conservation and affinities for each other. The molecular details of Eph–ephrin recognition have been previously revealed and it has been documented that ephrin binding induces higher-order Eph assemblies, which are essential for full biological activity, via multiple, distinct Eph–Eph interfaces. One Eph–Eph interface type is characterized by a homotypic, head-to-tail interaction between the ligand-binding and the fibronectin domains of two adjacent Eph molecules. While the previous Eph ectodomain structural studies were focused on A class receptors, we now report the crystal structure of the full ectodomain of EphB2, revealing distinct and unique head-to-tail receptor–receptor interactions. The EphB2 structure and structure-based mutagenesis document that EphB2 uses the head-to-tail interactions as a novel autoinhibitory control mechanism for regulating downstream signaling and that these interactions can be modulated by posttranslational modifications.
14 Delivering Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear weapons aren't of much military use without some means of delivering them to their targets. Nuclear delivery systems also serve as key elements in the international balance of political and military power. Delivery systems range from "suitcase bombs" that might be carried by nuclear terrorists to land- and submarine-based intercontinental ballistic missiles. They also include aircraft to drop bombs or launch nuclear-tipped cruise missiles. Here we'll focus primarily on strategic delivery systems—those designed to carry nuclear weapons to an adversary's homeland.
A Practical Approach for Scalable Conjunctive Query Answering on Acyclic $\mathcal{EL}^+$ Knowledge Base

Conjunctive query answering for $\mathcal{EL}^{++}$ ontologies has recently drawn much attention, as the Description Logic $\mathcal{EL}^{++}$ captures the expressivity of many large ontologies in the biomedical domain and is the foundation for the OWL 2 EL profile. In this paper, we propose a practical approach for conjunctive query answering in a fragment of $\mathcal{EL}^{++}$, namely acyclic $\mathcal{EL}^+$, that supports role inclusions. This approach can be implemented with low cost by leveraging any existing relational database management system to do the ABox data completion and query answering. We conducted a preliminary experiment to evaluate our approach using a large clinical data set and show our approach is practical.
The Behavior of Particles

The particle swarm algorithm has been shown to optimize a wide variety of complex functions. This paper examines a simplified version of the algorithm in an effort to understand the trajectories of particles as they search for solutions. Findings address optimal parameter values, point out issues for future research, and contribute to understanding this new optimization method.
Antigen E content of pollen from individual plants of short ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)

A study was conducted to ascertain how much variation in allergenic potency of ragweed pollen occurs among individual plants and different plant populations in a restricted geographic area. Seeds of the short ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) were collected from 38 different sites in Champaign County, Ill. Plants from these seeds were grown under similar conditions, and antigen E (AgE) was determined on pollen samples harvested from individual plants. The populations from various sites in Champaign County differed by as much as severalfold with respect to mean AgE values. There were statistically significant differences among population means, although large variations occurred among plants within populations. Further research was conducted to learn whether the level of AgE was determined by genetic factors within the plants. Genetic regulation was indicated by the finding that 3 plants which had unusually low levels of pollen AgE all produced offspring with significantly lower mean AgE levels than those of control plants.
How Investor Portfolios Shape Regulatory Outcomes: Privatized Infrastructure After Crises

Summary Many developing countries privatized utilities during the 1990s. Their weak institutional environments, however, make them prone to crises that generate incentives for governments to renege on contractual commitments to investors. To understand variation in post-crisis regulatory outcomes in such contexts, scholars must consider investors’ prior choices regarding portfolio structure. Investors facing high reputational costs from exit are more likely to remain following expropriation, and those holding diverse assets in their contract jurisdiction, to secure compensation. These factors account for significant unexplained within-sector and subnational variation, for which we provide qualitative and quantitative evidence from Argentina’s water and electricity sectors following the 2001 crisis.
Cutting Class Harms Grades

An accessible business school population of undergraduate students was investigated in three independent, but related studies to determine effects on grades due to cutting class and failing to take advantage of optional reviews and study quizzes. It was hypothesized that cutting classes harms exam scores, attending preexam reviews helps exam scores, taking optional exam preparation quizzes helps exam scores, and earlier exam scores in the semester predict later exam scores. Using an objective measurement method of actual events and actual exam scores instead of the predominant nonexperimental survey method most often used, it was found that all hypotheses were significant and supported in the predicted direction. Implications for professors and students are provided, revealing that cutting class, missing preexam reviews, and ignoring chapter quizzes effects are real and they matter.
Fluid, Electrical, and Thermal Systems

Fluid and electrical systems are important means of transmitting, transforming, and converting power in mechanical design. Fluid and electrical systems are networks, naturally represented by the linear graph method. Everyday experience with fluid flow provides a set of analogies to aid in understanding electrical systems. The only significant discrepancy of the analogies is the network representation of fluid and electrical capacitances. Thermal system phenomena are presented without entropy generation or flow. The focus of these presentations is to model the removal of waste heat from mechanical, electrical, and fluid systems. As a result, heat engines are absent. Heat transfer is modeled instead as a potential-driven flow, similar to low velocity (seepage) fluid flow.
Organizational learning: effects of (network) structure and (individual) strategy

Earlier theoretical accounts of collective learning relied on rules and operating procedures as the organizational memory (March in Organ. Sci. 2(1):71---87, 1991; Rodan in Scand. J. Manag. 21:407---428, 2005). This paper builds on this tradition drawing on ideas from social network theory. Learning is modeled as a social-psychological process (Darr and Kurtzberg in Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 82(1):28---44, 2000; Rulke et al. in Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 82(1):134---149, 2000), in which organizations learn by exchanging information internally between their members (Argote et al. in Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 82(1):1---8, 2000; Carley in Am. Soc. Rev. 56(3):331---354, 1991; Carley in Soc. Perspect. 48(4):547---571, 1995). Learning is also characterized as stochastic and creative (Gruenfeld et al. in Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 82(1):45---59, 2000). This model is used to explore predictions about the effect social networks have on idea generation and learning and alternative strategies for choosing from whom to seek information.
Patient preference for and reports of provider behavior: impact of symmetry on patient outcomes.

Objective: Research has suggested that congruence between patient characteristics and contextual characteristics is a more robust predictor of outcomes than either patient or context characteristics alone. The goal of the present study was to examine the degree of congruence between patient preferences for the clinical encounter and reports of analogous dimensions of provider behavior and the effects of this congruence on patient outcomes. Design: Two hundred eighteen patients with diabetes (predominately Type II) completed measures of preference for and ratings of perceived provider behavior in three domains (1) information sharing, (2) behavioral involvement, and (3) socioemotional support. Main Outcome Measures: Patient satisfaction, self-reported adherence, and a clinical marker of diabetic control (hemoglobin A1c) were the outcomes of interest. Results: Congruence in information sharing and congruence in behavioral involvement were predictive of glycemic control and self-reported adherence, respectively. Congruence in behavioral involvement and congruence in socioemotional support were predictive of greater patient satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings provide further support for the importance of congruence between patient characteristics and contextual characteristics in predicting patient outcomes.
Differences in collateral myocardial blood flow following gradual vs abrupt coronary occlusion.

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that collateral myocardial blood flow is higher if coronary occlusion is preceded by a brief period (45 min) of progressive, gradual stenosis, rather than by abrupt, total occlusion. Seven dogs had three coronary occlusions by a hydraulic occluder, 3 min in duration, and separated by 45 min periods of reperfusion (Group I). Microsphere blood flow was measured 1.5 min after each total occlusion was achieved. To assess the potential effects of multiple occlusions, the first and third coronary occlusions were of the same type, ie, either both abrupt or both gradually progressive over 45 min. Group II included nine dogs with abrupt total occlusion followed by microsphere blood flow measurements 1.5, 10, 20 and 45 min after occlusion, to test the effect of a 45 min duration of total occlusion on collateral flow. The results indicate that the transmural mean collateral myocardial blood flow was 33% higher 1.5 min after total occlusion if the total occlusion was preceded by gradual, progressive coronary stenosis over 45 min (0.093 ± 0.085 ml·min−1·g−1) compared with the abrupt occlusion (0.070 ± 0.062 ml·min−1·g−1, P<0.05). The higher flow was not distributed preferentially to one transmural layer and was not explained by haemodynamic changes between occlusions. The change in collateral flow between abrupt and gradual occlusions (randomised sequence) was not the result of performing sequential occlusions because the transmural mean collateral blood flow did not differ between the first and third occlusions which were both of the same type. Further the difference between abrupt and gradual occlusions is not explained by the longer period of reduced coronary flow to stimulate collaterals during gradual stenosis because transmural mean collateral myocardial blood flow did not increase in Group II dogs between 1.5 and 45 min after abrupt, total occlusion (0.167±.039 to 0.161 ±0.041 ml·min−1·g−1). The mechanism of this higher collateral blood flow after gradual vs abrupt occlusion cannot be determined from these experiments, but these results should be considered in interpreting and designing experiments involving more than one coronary occlusion. The 33% higher collateral flow after gradual occlusion is small but might be expected to limit the severity of ischaemic injury and may have potential therapeutic implications for patients in whom dynamic processes of coronary occlusion are operative.
Noble-metal – CdTe interface formation

The room-temperature Au/p-type CdTe, Ag/n-type CdTe, Cu/n-type CdTe, and Cu/p-type CdTe interfaces have been studied with x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy for the cleaved CdTe(110) surface. These interfaces are all found to be nonabrupt, with a significant concentration of dissociated Te in the overlayer for all three overlayer metals. The corresponding noble-metal interfaces with ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Cd}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Te are discussed with respect to these results. The final position of the surface Fermi level ${E}_{F}$ for each interface is ${E}_{F}$-${E}_{\mathrm{VBM}=0.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1}$ eV for Ag/n-type CdTe, 1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 eV for Cu/n-type CdTe, 0.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 eV for Cu/p-type CdTe, and 0.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 eV for Au/p-type CdTe. From these results one would expect Schottky barriers between 0.5 and 0.7 eV for these metals on n-type CdTe.
Carcinoma is to Embryology as Mutation is to Genetics

Experiments are reviewed that indicate embryonic fields are capable of regulating the neoplastic attributes of their closely related carcinomas. In the case of blastocyst regulation of embryonal carcinoma cells the reaction is mediated by contact of the cancer cells with trophectodermal cells in the presence of blastocele fluid. In the case of regulation of melanoma, the reaction is mediated in the embryonic skin at the time normal melanocytes migrate into it. A diffusible factor that inhibits cell division and seems to affect differentiation is involved. In the case of neuroblastoma, a degree of regulation is demonstrable in the neural crest migratory pathway, but the maximal effect is found in the adrenal, renal, and testicular primordia. A factor inhibitory of mitosis for adenocarcinoma of the breast can be demonstrated in the breast primordium. It is concluded that there must be an embryonic field capable of regulating every kind of carcinoma: understanding of the phenomena may lead to a noncytotoxic cure for carcinoma, and through the use of cancer cells as probes of embryonic development to an understanding of embryonic induction.
A generalization of the uncertainty threshold principle

A generalized version of the uncertainty threshold principle is presented for discrete-time systems with both jump Markov parameters and independent (white) multiplicative noises. It is shown that this threshold is not to be exceeded for the existence of the quadratically optimal steady-state control for this class of systems. >
A hypertension treatment program at the workplace to complement community care

A worksite hypertension control program was established for employees of the state of Maryland. Employees were screened for hypertension, and individuals identified as hypertensive were encouraged to seek care from community physicians. For those choosing not to seek such community care, a treatment program was initiated at the worksite. Of the 417 hypertensives identified, 54 (13%) elected to have their blood pressure treated at the worksite. Comparisons between the group choosing worksite care and the group choosing community care revealed that the worksite group was generally a higher risk group by virtue of having less awareness of their hypertension, being less likely to be on antihypertensive treatment, and being less likely to have their hypertension controlled by medication. This group made relatively little use of community physicians. Increases in hypertension treatment and control were greater in the worksite group after a 2-year follow-up examination. The project suggests an important role for worksite treatment programs for hypertension as a complement to existing community care.
Dynamic changes in Lyme disease spirochetes during transmission by nymphal ticks

Ticks are not crawling needles, merely delivering infectious agents to vertebrate hosts. A sophisticated interplay takes place between ticks, pathogens, and vertebrate hosts. The relationship between Ixodes ticks and the Lyme disease spirochetes they transmit involves subtle changes in spirochete populations that maximize their chances of being transmitted. An understanding of this complex interplay will, hopefully, allow the development of new tools to block transmission of tick-borne agents.
Protein quality and its potential relationship to the cytoskeleton in maize endosperm

Summary Multiple strategies are being employed world wide in an attempt to improve the nutritional value of seeds. Genetic engineering is being investigated as a means of improving the amino acid contents and digestibility of seed proteins. Additionally, naturally occurring mutations have been identified which increase the levels of essential amino acids such as lysine. Unfortunately, these mutations often lead to soft, chalky endosperms with increased susceptibility to insect pathogens. One such mutant in maize is called opaque2 ( o 2). «Modifier» genes have been found which, when introduced into o2 mutants, ameliorate the negative features of the mutation. Indeed, the modifiers may prove an effective means of generating maize with high protein quality despite the complexity of introducing multiple modifier loci into elite germplasm. We have been identifying and characterizing lysine-rich proteins in o2 in order to understand the pleiotropic effect by which this mutant increases the lysine content of the grain. The level of one protein, EF-1α, was found to be uniformly increased in o2 mutants. Furthermore, it was found to be highly correlated with the lysine content of the grain. In an effort to learn the basis for this correlation, we used immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy to determine the subcellular location of this protein during endosperm development, and to identify proteins/structures with which it associates. We found that EF-1α is part of an elaborate cytoskeletal network associated with protein bodies. We hypothesize that this cytoskeleton might be involved in protein body formation. Further, we surmise that other lysine-rich proteins may exist in association with this cytoskeletal complex and that this complex may be increased in the endosperm cells of higher lysine genotypes.
Safety belt promotion: Theory and practice

The purpose of this paper is to provide practitioners a rationale and description of selected theoretically based approaches to safety belt promotion. Theory failure is a threat to the integrity and effectiveness of safety belt promotion. The absence of theory driven programs designed to promote safety belt use is a concern of this paper. Six theoretical models from the social and behavioral sciences are reviewed with suggestions for application to promoting safety belt use and include Theory of Reasoned Action, the Health Belief Model, Fear Arousal, Operant Learning, Social Learning Theory, and Diffusion of Innovations. Guidelines for the selection and utilization of theory are discussed.
Redesigning Primary Care: A Strategic Vision To Improve Value By Organizing Around Patients’ Needs

Primary care in the United States currently struggles to attract new physicians and to garner investments in infrastructure required to meet patients' needs. We believe that the absence of a robust overall strategy for the entire spectrum of primary care is a fundamental cause of these struggles. To address the absence of an overall strategy and vision for primary care, we offer a framework based on value for patients to sustain and improve primary care practice. First, primary care should be organized around subgroups of patients with similar needs. Second, team-based services should be provided to each patient subgroup over its full care cycle. Third, each patient's outcomes and true costs should be measured by subgroup as a routine part of care. Fourth, payment should be modified to bundle reimbursement for each subgroup and reward value improvement. Finally, primary care patient subgroup teams should be integrated with relevant specialty providers. We believe that redesigning primary care using this framework can improve the ability of primary care to play its essential role in the health care system.
Irradiation creep and void swelling of austenitic stainless steels at low displacement rates in light water energy systems

Abstract The majority of the high fluence data on the void swelling and irradiation creep of austenitic steels was generated at relatively high displacement rates characteristic of fast reactors. The application of these data to other reactor systems which operate at lower displacement rates requires that some estimate be made of the dependence of swelling and irradiation creep on displacement rate. Austenitic components in typical light water reactors (LWRs) experience displacement rates that are an order of magnitude or more lower than that found in fast reactors. Since irradiation creep has a component that is proportional to swelling, it is anticipated that irradiation creep will exhibit a sensitivity to displacement rate that is a direct expression of the dependence of swelling on displacement rate. Until recently, however, the non-swelling-related component of creep was also thought to exhibit its own dependence on displacement rate, increasing at lower fluxes. This perception originally arose from the work of Lewthwaite and Mosedale on irradiation creep of cold-worked steels in the Dounreay Fast Reactor at temperatures in the 270–350°C range. It now appears that this interpretation is incorrect and, in fact, the steady-state value of the non-swelling component of irradiation creep is relatively insensitive to displacement rate. The earlier perceived flux dependence appears to have arisen from a failure to properly separate the transient and steady-state regimes of irradiation creep. As evidence begins to accumulate on void swelling of stainless steels at LWR-relevant displacement rates, voids are being observed at lower-than-expected temperatures and often at very low dpa levels, implying that the ‘temperature shift’ phenomenon may indeed be operating to increase swelling. It is demonstrated in this paper that if swelling exceeds ∼ 10% at PWR-relevant temperatures, stainless steels become very brittle.
A Fragment of the Passio Sanctorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli

L'A. attire l'attention sur une partie de cette version de la Passio qui n'est pas representee dans l'apparat qui accompagne l'edition de Lipsius. Il s'agit d'une page de ms. inseree dans le ms. Cap. 1053 de la Biblioteca civica Angelo Mai de Bergame qui correspond aux chapitres 21 et 22 de la Passio. Cette page (tres defectueuse) est editee en parallele avec le texte de Lipsius
Capture of endothelial cells under flow using immobilized vascular endothelial growth factor

We demonstrate the ability of immobilized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to capture endothelial cells (EC) with high specificity under fluid flow. To this end, we engineered a surface consisting of heparin bound to poly-l-lysine to permit immobilization of VEGF through the C-terminal heparin-binding domain. The immobilized growth factor retained its biological activity as shown by proliferation of EC and prolonged activation of KDR signaling. Using a microfluidic device we assessed the ability to capture EC under a range of shear stresses from low (0.5 dyne/cm(2)) to physiological (15 dyne/cm(2)). Capture was significant for all shear stresses tested. Immobilized VEGF was highly selective for EC as evidenced by significant capture of human umbilical vein and ovine pulmonary artery EC but no capture of human dermal fibroblasts, human hair follicle derived mesenchymal stem cells, or mouse fibroblasts. Further, VEGF could capture EC from mixtures with non-EC under low and high shear conditions as well as from complex fluids like whole human blood under high shear. Our findings may have far reaching implications, as they suggest that VEGF could be used to promote endothelialization of vascular grafts or neovascularization of implanted tissues by rare but continuously circulating EC.
Phenotypic expressions of polygenes inMuscidifurax raptorellus [Hym.: Pteromalidae], a synanthropic fly parasitoid

The precise phenotypic measurements, percent multiple oviposition and the number of parasitoids developed per host, can be used to assess quantitative genetic variation governing multiple oviposition and development in the muscoid Diptera parasitoid,Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner. Evidence for polygenic control was based on the significance of correlations between expected genomic content and behavioral expression. Data accumulated from 8 oviposition days seem sufficient to measure accurately polygenic expression in this species.
Role of consolidation state in the measurement of bulk density and cohesion

Abstract Characterization of powder consolidation and flow is important to a large number of industries that process solids. A variety of powder testers exist today, however most are application specific and results they provide are mainly qualitative. Comparison studies have been attempted previously; their main focus was whether various methods correlate, while the reasons for disagreement in the results have seldom been investigated. Among the different methods used to characterize powder flow behavior, density-based methods are some of the simplest and most popular. They are also some of the least sensitive and least reproducible. A method comparison study was performed to characterize the variability in bulk density as measured by various powder flow characterization methods. It was found that the density of the powders tested in most unconsolidated methods had a near-perfect linear correlation with one another, suggesting that there exists a critical “dilated” density value that is independent of the measurement method and can be considered a material property. The densities of the powders in consolidated states correlated poorly, especially for the methods where consolidation mechanisms were not tightly controlled (i.e. tapping). In addition, the effect of the consolidation state of the powder bed during testing on cohesion measurements was studied. The cohesion measured by shear cells at differing consolidation states and by an avalanching method, during which the powder bed is dilated, were compared. It was found that the differences in cohesion results from the shear cells tested can be attributed to differences in the powder consolidation state. Cohesion results acquired from a dilated powder bed correlate more linearly with the shear cell cohesion results at low consolidation stresses than at high consolidation stresses; further supporting the impact of the powder bed packing state on the measurement of cohesion.
Extension of an energy-based life prediction method to low and combined cycle fatigue regimes:

An energy-based fatigue life prediction method has been developed to accurately predict lifetimes of coupon specimens in excess of 105 cycles. The method has been shown to agree with empirically determined room temperature high-cycle fatigue data for both Al 6061-T6 and Ti-6Al-4V in uniaxial, bending, and shear at various stress ratios (R). As with any life prediction method, using a testing scheme to accurately predict fatigue performance from a reduced data set greatly reduces test time and material costs. For gas turbine engine components, this can account for a large portion of development costs, making the use of reduced order models very attractive. The stress state of these components can be difficult to characterize and simulate, as they are subjected to both low-cycle fatigue and high-cycle fatigue from both mechanical and vibrational loading. Mechanical loading is generally within the low-cycle fatigue regime and attributed to throttle excursions of various flight maneuvers or engine start-up/sh...
Utilizing silent negative voting and sleep/wakeup method for power efficient data fusion

In wireless sensor networks, utilizing data fusion techniques reduces overall traffic within the network. A data fusion node aggregates the results of a number of sensors into fusion data. Therefore, the security or assurance of the fusion data is essential. At the same time, increasing the security of a data fusion node increases other factors such as packet overhead and power consumption. A security scheme must be both effective and power-efficient. Several methods of data fusion assurance have emerged, however none has the ability to effectively conserve energy. Therefore, this paper proposes a scheme based on basic silent negative voting method. The proposed scheme reduces the overall time of a voting round and introduces a sleep/wakeup schedule to reduce power consumption of the nodes in the network This scheme is analyzed and compared with the original silent negative voting method to show its performance in overall power savings.
PITUITARY APIASIA IN AN 11 YEAR OLD GIRL: BIOCHEMICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

An 11 year old girl presented with short stature. Panhypopituitarism was diagnosed and replacement therapy was started with thyroxine, cortisol, and growth hormone treatment, which resulted in catch-up growth. We obtained the following hormonal data: 1) undetectable growth hormone secretion after arginine-insulin (<0.8 ng/ml), 2) no prolactin rise after TRF and chlorpromazine (<2 ng/ml); 3) no TSH rise after TRF (<1.0 μIU/ml), 4) no LH, FSH rise after LRF. When LRF was given 0.025 ug/kg IV every 2 hours for 5 days (Valk, JCEM 53, 184, 1981) LH remained <3.5 m IU/ml and FSH was undetectable. A 5-d ACTH infusion caused a modest rise of plasma cortisol (<0.2 to 8.8 ug/dl), consistent with secondary adrenal insufficiency. Posterior pituitary function and adrenomedullary function were normal. The thyroid responded normally to exogenous TSH. Aldosterone secretion increased upon upright posture and on a low salt diet. Skull radiography showed a shallow sella turcica. Cerebral computed tomography did not identify the pituitary gland and suggested hypoplasia of the right carotid artery. This was confirmed by a a technetium scan of the brain, which showed asymmetric cerebral blood flow. In conclusion, this patient had biochemical and radiological evidence of absence of the pituitary gland. Thus, although she survived without treatment until age 11, she appears to have the syndrome of congenital pituitary aplasia described by Blizzard (J. Ped. 48, 782, 1956). Pituitary vascular insufficiency is a possible cause of this patient's pituitary aplasia.
Lasing and stimulated Raman scattering in spherical liquid droplets: time, irradiance, and wavelength dependence

Measurement of lasing from dye doped micron sized ethanol droplets irradiated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser shows evidence of lifetime broadening and relaxation oscillations. Observations of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and lasing generated by the same laser pulse in a dye doped ethanol droplet and coupled to the same morphology dependent resonance exhibit longer delays in the initiation of SRS than for pure ethanol droplets where lasing is absent. SRS emission above the plasma breakdown threshold is not measurably delayed and is quenched by the developing plasma.
The effect of recent cocaine use on the progress of labor

Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether peripartum cocaine use shortens labor. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1220 gravidas delivering at an urban county hospital (November 1991 through April 1992) had urine specimens sent for toxicology studies. Cervical dilatation on admission and time intervals during the course of labor were recorded. Analysis of covariance and exact tests for multiple contingency tables were used to compare duration of labor by cocaine use after we adjusted for other factors. RESULTS: Compared with nonusers, women who had positive test results for cocaine were older, were of greater parity, and were admitted to the hospital at greater cervical dilataiton (4.63 cm vs 3.96 cm, p p CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in duration of any stage of labor related to cocaine use after patients' obstetric characteristics are controleld for.
In vitro Studies of Aggregation of Non-mammalian Thrombocytes

NON-MAMMALIAN thrombocytes are nucleated cells which have been shown to have a haemostatic function paralleling that of mammalian platelets. Thrombocytes are active in the promotion of clots1 and clot retraction2, and respond in vivo to damage of the vessel wall by aggregating to form a plug3. Platelets have been shown to aggregate in the presence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)4 and therefore it seemed pertinent to study aggregation of thrombocytes with compounds and techniques used in the study of platelets. Although the term thrombocyte is frequently used as a synonym for the mammalian platelet, in this paper it is used solely to describe the nucleated, non-mammalian haemostatic cell.
Disarming Libya? A reassessment after the Arab Spring

In 2011, several months after a popular revolt overturned the Gaddafi regime in Libya, Libya's new National Transitional Council announced the discovery of what was later confirmed to be an undeclared stockpile of chemical weapons. This was a startling announcement to many observers, since Libya had publicly renounced its weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programmes in 2003 and had apparently dismantled the programmes soon after. Although the Libyan case had repeatedly been referred to as a positive ‘model’ for nonproliferation—an instance where a country had voluntarily and peacefully rolled back its WMD programs—this recent discovery forces us to wonder whether the Libyan ‘model’ really was as successful as initially described. This article examines the successes, challenges and lessons that can be learned from the Libyan case of WMD renunciation and verification. As one model of cooperative verification, the Libyan case highlights not only the opportunities afforded by monitoring and verification regimes, but also some of the difficulties that any such regime will encounter in real-world circumstances, however positive.
Sodium Chloride Tolerant Callus of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

Summary Callus cultures of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. Margaritiferum obtained by prolonged culture on NaCl-containing medium were able to grow better on NaCl-containing medium than the parent cells. After every passage on the stress selection medium, part of the cultures were transferred to hormone-free medium for plant regeneration. Plants were regenerated from calli grown on NaCl-containing media for up to five passages. Some of these plants were albinos. A few green plants have been grown to maturity in the greenhouse. There was very low seed set in these plants. Attempts are underway to regenerate more plants from stress selection media and also to get better seed set from the plants obtained.
Electron cytochemical evidence for lysosomal-like equivalents in Histoplasma capsulatum.

Electron cytochemical localizations of acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase, deoxyribonuclease, adenylate cyclase, and c-AMP phosphodiesterase activity sites in thin sections of cells of the two growth phases of the zoopathogenicHistoplasma capsulatum are described and illustrated by transmission electron micrographs. Various activity sites of these enzymes included the cytomembranes of the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. At the same time, electron opaque reaction products were sequestered within membrane-bound, vacuolar regions of the cytosol. These vacuoles may be ontogenically related to membranous or vesicular inclusions commonly seen in thin sections of glutaraldehyde osmium tetroxide-fixed cells. These enzymatically-active vacuoles are believed consistent with previous descriptions of fungal lysosomal-like structures found in certain other fungi. Lysosomal-like vacuoles ofH. capsulatum may provide a means of compartmentalization of various hydrolytic enzymes involved in catabolism and mobilization of storage reserves, and perhaps to function as well in other aspects of the life cycle of this important pathogenic dimorphic fungus.
ROOT GRAFTING IN TREES

Rigg and Harrar (1931) in a study of root systems growing in sphagnum report that " excessive root fusion often occurs in sphagnlum peat." They attribute the fusion to the swaying of the trees, which wears away the bark on the roots so that the meristematic areas of different roots are brought into contact. They state also that fusions of the stemis of Alnuts ore gana which have been rubbed together by swaying in the wind are commonl in the Seattle region. Small (1932) has described natural grafts in stems of four species of trees. He believes that rubbing together of the stems, or branches, is the cause of the fusiolns. Millner (1932) has studied stem grafting in Hedera. helix and has shown that attrition of the bark by rubbing of stems, or by other means, is unnecessary in the process. Examples of stem grafting in forest trees are known to most botanists and are generally thought to be due to wearing away of the bark at the points of contact by the waving of the branches in the wind. However, the writer has seen grafts in tree stems which could not be explained in this way, and in tropical countries he has observed, in various species of strangling figs, thousands of grafts where the bark had not been disturbed in any way by external m-iealns. The strangling figs represent the most remarkable series of natural grafts to be seen anywhere, and it appears that the lightest contact between two branches or two roots is sufficient to cause their union. From these observations the author has been led to question whether any removal of bark by friction is needed to bring about grafting in tree roots. Comiparatively little is knownl about the root systems of our forest trees, and it is a matter of regret that earlier botanists did not undertake a study of tree roots at a time when great areas in the United States were being denuded of their forests. So little land is being cleared at the present time that one seldom has an opportunity to observe many root systems of any one species. The cost of grubbing out mature trees for the purpose of making studies on their roots is, of course, prohibitive. Occasionally, opportunities to make root studies on one or two species are offered by circumstances, and it is to be hoped that botanists will take advantage of them before they become even fewer. The present paper represents the utilization of such opportunities.