cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meat Science and Muscle Biology Symposium: manipulating mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation to optimize performance and carcass value of beef cattle

Beef cattle are raised for their lean tissue, and excessive fat accumulation accounts for large amounts of waste. On the other hand, intramuscular fat or marbling is essential for the palatability of beef. In addition, tender beef is demanded by consumers, and connective tissue contributes to the background toughness of beef. Recent studies show that myocytes, adipocytes, and fibroblasts are all derived from a common pool of progenitor cells during embryonic development. It appears that during early embryogenesis, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells first diverge into either myogenic or adipogenic-fibrogenic lineages; myogenic progenitor cells further develop into muscle fibers and satellite cells whereas adipogenic-fibrogenic lineage cells develop into the stromal-vascular fraction of skeletal muscle where reside adipocytes, fibroblasts, and resident fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (the counterpart of satellite cells). Strengthening myogenesis (i.e., formation of muscle cells) enhances lean growth, promoting intramuscular adipogenesis (i.e., formation of fat cells) increases marbling, and reducing intramuscular fibrogenesis (i.e., formation of fibroblasts and synthesis of connective tissue) improves overall tenderness of beef. Because the abundance of progenitor cells declines as animals age, it is more effective to manipulate progenitor cell differentiation at an early developmental stage. Nutritional, environmental, and genetic factors shape progenitor cell differentiation; however, up to now, our knowledge regarding mechanisms governing progenitor cell differentiation remains rudimentary. In summary, altering mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation through nutritional management of cows, or fetal programming, is a promising method to improve cattle performance and carcass value.
Challenges and Coping Strategies of Children with Parents Affected by Schizophrenia: Results from an In-Depth Interview Study

This article presents results from an in-depth interview study investigating challenges and coping strategies of children with parents affected by schizophrenia. Thirty-four qualitative interviews of children were conducted and evaluated by content analysis. The interviewees spoke of a wide range of challenges that they must deal with daily. A variety of available coping strategies, social and personal resources were identified in the study. The results show that there is a need for professional support, especially on a low-threshold basis, that helps affected children to develop appropriate and diverse forms of coping.
Flow of a curtiss-bird fluid over a transverse slot using the finite element drift-function method

Abstract A finite element method for incompressible flows of a memory fluid is described which is based on macroelements of crossed linear triangels. This allows virtually exact computations of strains in trial velocity fields. Memory is handled by construction of special Gaussian quadrature formulas. The problem of plane flows over slots is studied numerically using the reptational constitutive equation proposed by Curtiss and Bird. With this constitutive equation and an improved nonlinear iteration scheme, convergence difficulties which plagued earlier attempts at modelling viscoelastic flow seem to be avoided. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between first normal-stress difference and pressure difference across the slot as a function of Deborah and Reynolds number. The model predicts that there is a strong correlation between hole-pressure and first normal-stress difference if the inertial contribution to the hole-pressure is accounted for. Nevertheless the correlation differs to some extent from the Higashitani-Pritchard prediction. In our model this is traceable to specific violations of Higashitani and Pritchard's assumptions related to fluid-memory effects.
Blister: GPU-based rendering of Boolean combinations of free-form triangulated shapes

By combining depth peeling with a linear formulation of a Boolean expression called Blist, the Blister algorithm renders an arbitrary CSG model of n primitives in at most k steps, where k is the number of depth-layers in the arrangement of the primitives. Each step starts by rendering each primitive to produce candidate surfels on the next depth-layer. Then, it renders the primitives again, one at a time, to classify the candidate surfels against the primitive and to evaluate the Boolean expression directly on the GPU. Since Blist does not expand the CSG expression into a disjunctive (sum-of-products) form, Blister has O(kn) time complexity. We explain the Blist formulation while providing algorithms for CSG-to-Blist conversion and Blist-based parallel surfel classification. We report real-time performance for nontrivial CSG models. On hardware with an 8-bit stencil buffer, we can render all possible CSG expressions with 3909 primitives.
Measurements of nitrogen-, hydrogen- and helium-broadened widths of methane lines at 9030–9120 cm-1

Pressure-broadened widths of vibration-rotation lines of both 12CH4 and 13CH4 have been measured at very high spectral resolution in the R-branch of the 3ν3 overtone. The broadening gases were N2, H2 and He, as well as a mixture of H2 and He. Results are presented as averages for J-multiplets at ambient temperature. The overall R-branch values for line widths in 12CH4-N2, 12CH4-H2, 12CH4-He, 12CH4-H2+He and 13CH4-H2 are 0.0711 ± 0.0064, 0.0687 ± 0.0030, 0.0429 ± 0.0012, 0.0545 ± 0.0030 and 0.0678 ± 0.0054 cm-1 atm-1, respectively.
Numerical analysis of the miniature piezocone penetration tests (PCPT) in cohesive soils

An analytical model to simulate the penetration of the piezocone penetrometer in cohesive soils is presented here. The elasto-plastic coupled field equations of the saturated cohesive soils (given by Voyiadjis and Abu-Farsakh) is used in this analysis. The numerical simulation of the piezocone penetration is implemented into a finite element program. The analytical model is used to analyze the miniature piezocone penetration tests (PCPT) conducted at LSU calibration chambers. Simulation of the piezocone penetration is done for two cases. In the first case, the soil–penetrometer interface friction is neglected, while in the second case, the soil–penetrometer interface friction is taken into consideration. The constraint approach is used to model the soil–piezocone interface friction in which the Mohr–Coulomb frictional model is used to define the sliding potential. Analysis is done for three different soil specimens with different stress histories. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with the experimental measurements of the miniature piezocone penetration tests (PCPT) in cohesive soil specimens conducted in LSU calibration chambers. The resulting excess pore pressure distribution and its dissipation using the numerical model are compared with some available prediction methods. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tensile Fracture Stress of a Pasta Product at Temperatures from 293 to 343 K

Abstract Fracture stress of a commercial pasta product containing 8.4 g/100 g (d.b.) moisture was measured between 293 and 343 K by a Rheometrics Solids Analyser II (RSA). Samples, each shaped as a strip of 0.8 × 2.0 × 32.0 mm, were uniaxially tensioned at controlled oxcillatory strain rate until fracture occurred to determine the maximum tensile fracture stress. Arrhenius plots of data obtained at different temperatures showed that there is no appreciable temperature dependency, and the average value was approximately 3.3 MPa.
The metabolic syndrome as a vicious cycle: does obesity beget obesity?

Abstract Most attempts at weight loss are frustrated by the body’s propensity to maintain fat mass. There are genetic and environmental mechanisms behind this phenomenon, such as thrifty genes, sedentary lifestyle and abundant food resources. We will outline a physiologic mechanism that may perpetuate obesity once it develops. Specifically, we suggest that obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia facilitates fuel storage as fat. This can be exacerbated by high glucocorticoid activity, low growth hormone (GH) activity and the paradoxical increase in free fatty acid (FFA) flux resulting from basal lipolysis in an expanded fat mass. We also outline mechanisms by which obesity may perpetuate low GH and increased glucocorticoid activity in the metabolic syndrome.
Family of growth fractals with continuously tunable chemical dimension

We introduce a new class of statistical growth fractals which is of interest because the chemical dimension d, is continuously tunable. We also study other exponents charac- terising these fractals. There has been considerable recent interest in uncovering the fashion in which the familiar laws of physics are modified for fractal objects, in part because of the large number of important realisations of fractals in nature (l-81. It has only recently become appreciated that the physics of fractals is determined by more than just 'the' fractal dimension df which describes how the cluster mass N scales with the cluster radius R,
Involvement of nitric oxide in nitrous oxide anxiolysis in the elevated plus-maze.

Abstract We recently reported that inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L -N G - nitro arginine (L-NOARG) antagonized the behavioral effects of benzodiazepine (BZ) in a mouse paradigm for screening anxiolytic drug activity. Because other research has found that the anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) also produces BZ-like behavioral effects, the present research was conducted to ascertain whether NO might also be involved in N2O anxiolysis. Male Swiss-Webster mice were tested in an elevated plus-maze inside an inflatable glovebag. Exposure to N2O significantly increased exploratory activity on the open arms of the plus-maze, as measured by the number of entries into the open arms and the time spent on the open arms. Pretreatment with L-NOARG significantly reduced the N2O-induced elevation in open arm activity. This antagonism of the N2O effect was reversed by ICV treatment of L-NOARG-pretreated mice with L -arginine but not D -arginine. These findings indicate that NO possibly mediates behavioral effects of N2O in an animal model for anxiety.
In situ measurements of rock mass deformability using fiber Bragg grating strain gauges

Abstract In order to examine how the mechanical properties of a rock mass vary from the centimeter to meter scale, we performed two field point-loading tests (89 kN and 890 kN) to determine the in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass. The experimental setup is analogous to plate jacking-type tests, but instead, using a point load. The experiments were done in the Poorman formation on the 4100 level (~1250 m underground) of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) at the site of the former Homestake gold mine in Lead, SD. For comparison with in situ values, we also conducted laboratory mechanical tests and used two geotechnical classification systems to evaluate rock stiffness. The in situ modulus of deformation increases with depth into the rock mass. This increase in stiffness is a result of the differences in mechanical properties due to the effect of excavation of the underground space. Near the surface (0–1.2 m depth), the rock is softest due to induced fractures and damage from blasting. Beyond this damaged zone is the stress-relief zone (1.2–1.5 m depth), where open joint sets affect rock stiffness, and beyond that lies the undisturbed zone (>1.5 m depth) where the rock is the stiffest. If done properly, in situ measurements of rock stiffness are a valuable tool to fully characterize the gradient in stiffness of a rock mass, which laboratory tests or geotechnical classification systems do not fully capture.
Energy dispersive x‐ray diffraction in the diamond anvil, high‐pressure apparatus: Comparison of synchrotron and conventional x‐ray sources

An analysis is given of the rate at which photons are incident on a sample in a diamond anvil high‐pressure cell, from a conventional, fixed‐anode source, and a synchrotron source. Comparison is then made of the rate at which photons can be detected for an energy‐dispersive diffraction experiment. The rate at which photons are detected in synchrotron experiments is limited by detector electronics, so that the relative photon detection rate is considerably lower than theoretically possible.
Accretion in the Roche Zone: Coexistence of Rings and Ringmoons

Abstract Traditional accretion simulations predict rapid accumulation of ring debris into single satellites, while most theories of ring formation dismiss any accretion within the classical Roche limit. The former contradicts the continued presence of planetary rings, while the latter fails to adequately account for the many small satellites observed within ring systems. The coexistence of rings and small satellites thus challenges the premise of a strict boundary between accreting and nonaccreting regions. We have developed an accretion model designed to better examine accumulation processes in the dynamically transitional regime of outer planetary rings. We utilize "three-body" capture criteria, motivated by the work of Ohtsuki (1993 Icarus 106, 228-246), to account for the effects of strong tidal forces on accretion. Our findings indicate that tidally modified accretion occurs in a relatively broad range of orbital radii surrounding the classical Roche limit. Tidally modified accretion has a very unique character: for a given particle density, only bodies which differ greatly in mass can remain gravitationally bound, as like-sized bodies overflow their mutual Hill sphere. We find that this constraint greatly limits the degree of accretional growth and prevents runaway accretion near the Roche limit. Numerical simulations show that through the course of tidally modified accretion, a fragmentation-produced debris distribution evolves into a bimodal population, with one element consisting of a swarm of small, high-velocity bodies and the other composed of a small number of large "moonlets" on fairly circular orbits. The latter are precluded from accreting with one another due to the tidal influences of the planet. Tidally modified accretion thus offers a natural explanation for the formation of systems of coexisting rings and ringmoons from disrupted parent bodies.
Approximation by unitaries with finite spectrum in purely infinite C*-algebras

Abstract We prove that a unital purely infinite simple C *-algebra has C *-exponential rank at most 1 + ϵ, and therefore has the property weak (FU): Every element of the identity component of the unitary group is norm limit of unitaries with finite spectrum. We also prove that the appropriate modification of this statement for nonunital algebras.
Functional Logistic Regression Approach to Detecting Gene by Longitudinal Environmental Exposure Interaction in a Case‐Control Study

Most complex human diseases are likely the consequence of the joint actions of genetic and environmental factors. Identification of gene-environment (G × E) interactions not only contributes to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms, but also improves disease risk prediction and targeted intervention. In contrast to the large number of genetic susceptibility loci discovered by genome-wide association studies, there have been very few successes in identifying G × E interactions, which may be partly due to limited statistical power and inaccurately measured exposures. Although existing statistical methods only consider interactions between genes and static environmental exposures, many environmental/lifestyle factors, such as air pollution and diet, change over time, and cannot be accurately captured at one measurement time point or by simply categorizing into static exposure categories. There is a dearth of statistical methods for detecting gene by time-varying environmental exposure interactions. Here, we propose a powerful functional logistic regression (FLR) approach to model the time-varying effect of longitudinal environmental exposure and its interaction with genetic factors on disease risk. Capitalizing on the powerful functional data analysis framework, our proposed FLR model is capable of accommodating longitudinal exposures measured at irregular time points and contaminated by measurement errors, commonly encountered in observational studies. We use extensive simulations to show that the proposed method can control the Type I error and is more powerful than alternative ad hoc methods. We demonstrate the utility of this new method using data from a case-control study of pancreatic cancer to identify the windows of vulnerability of lifetime body mass index on the risk of pancreatic cancer as well as genes that may modify this association.
Content-based block watermarking against cumulative and temporal attack

This paper presents a block-selection-based video watermarking scheme that is designed to be resilient against two dangerous attacks: cumulative attack and temporal attack. We use content-based block selection to counteract cumulative attack by spreading the locations of marked blocks. The block selection algorithm also leads to a novel frame synchronization method that can effectively re-synchronize suspected video frames to their original positions. Our scheme has low computation overhead and robust detection performance for moderately compressed video.
The uniqueness of the capacity-achieving distribution over noncoherent flat-fading channels

We prove the uniqueness of the capacity-achieving input distribution for a noncoherent flat-fading channel (Rayleigh or Rician), subject to a second moment constraint. For this purpose, we first show the uniqueness and symmetry of the capacity-achieving output distribution. Then, we establish the assertion by proving that every fading channel is a bijective mapping from the space of symmetric, input distributions to the induced space of symmetric output distributions. This proof is constructive in the sense that for a given symmetric output distribution, one can uniquely determine the input distribution that induced such an output distribution.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in human lung transplantation.

Study objectives: To determine levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoform consisting of 165 amino acids (VEGF165) in BAL fluid (BALF) from lung transplant recipients (LTXs). Design: Bronchoscopy with BAL was performed on LTXs and normal volunteers (NVs). Setting: University hospital. Participants: LTXs (n 5 57) and NVs (n 5 15). Measurements and result: VEGF165 concentrations in BALF were higher (mean 6 SEM, 240 6 32 pg/mL) for NVs (n 5 15) vs 133 6 14 pg/mL for LTXs (n 5 37) who were stable without evidence of significant rejection or infection at 6 months after transplantation (p < 0.0001). BALF VEGF concentrations sampled at 24 to 48 h, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 months after transplantation for 11 LTXs who lacked rejection or infection at any time point were 71 6 8 pg/mL, 80 6 20 pg/mL, 82 6 13 pg/mL, and 167 6 31 pg/mL, respectively. VEGF concentrations in BALF for LTXs with cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia were 55 6 12 pg/mL (n 5 10), 117 6 33 pg/mL for grade A3 acute rejection (n 5 9), and 82 6 17 pg/mL (n 5 14) for active bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Concentrations of VEGF in BALF at 6 months for the 32 stable recipients with bilateral lung transplantation were significantly higher for those with higher values for FEV1, and BALF VEGF concentrations were significantly lower in BALF at 6 months for those recipients who subsequently went on to develop BOS (86 6 19 pg/mL) vs those who did not (158 6 18 pg/mL; p 5 0.03). Serum concentrations of VEGF did not correlate with VEGF concentrations in BALF, but serum VEGF was 291 6 62 pg/mL at 10 to 14 days after transplantation vs 130 6 20 pg/mL at 4 weeks for nine LTXs with paired samples (p < 0.02). Serum VEGF concentrations for NVs (n 5 15) were 102 6 15 pg/mL vs 94 6 17 for stable LTXs (n 5 12) at 24 weeks after transplantation and 123 6 33 pg/mL for LTXs with active BOS (n 5 10). Conclusions: BALF VEGF concentrations are particularly depressed at early time points following lung transplantation, gradually improve in the absence of significant rejection or infection, and are lower with active rejection or CMV pneumonia. (CHEST 2001; 119:137‐143)
Becoming Qualified to Teach Low-literate Refugees: A Case Study of One Volunteer Instructor

����� ��� This case study investigates Carolyn, an effective volunteer ESL and literacy instructor of adult African refugees, in order to understand both what it means to be a qualified instructor, and also how community-based volunteer instructors may become more qualified. The study’s findings suggest that Carolyn’s qualifications are a combination of personal dispositions, such as cultural sensitivity, and professional behaviors, including self-education, seeking mentoring and outside expertise, and purposeful reflection on her teaching. Several implications for supporting community-based volunteer literacy and ESL instructors emerge from these findings.
A vaginal plethysmograph system.

A vaginal plethysmograph system utilizing an indirectly (reflected) lighted photocell probe has been developed and used experimentally with excellent results. While the standard lamp and photocell plethysmograph using transmitted light is not unique, its application in measuring vaginal blood volume presented numerous instrumentation and mechanical problems not previously encountered. It is believed that this is the first system to reliably measure vaginal blood volume changes by indirect methods.
Phosphorus and aluminum co-doped EDF insensitive to hydrogen exposure for extended L-band amplification

P/Al co-doped EDF without Ge is fabricated, which exhibits broad gain bandwidth from 1560 to 1620nm. Its loss stability against hydrogen exposure is more than one order of magnitude superior to that of Al/Ge-doped EDF.
IEEE 802.11e: QoS provisioning at the MAC layer

This article introduces the emerging IEEE 802.11e standard to support quality of service at the medium access control layer. Both the contention-based and contention-free centrally controlled channel access mechanisms are introduced by describing not only the MAC protocol operations and parameters, but also the call admission techniques and scheduling algorithm that have been designed for IEEE 802.11e. Finally, we provide simulation results aimed to highlight the capability of the EDCF to differentiate the traffic classes.
The Origin of Biases in Face Perception

Experience with certain types of faces during the first year of development defines which types of faces are more efficiently recognized later in life. In work described here, we found that infants who learned to recognize six monkey faces individually (i.e., each face was individually labeled) over a 3-month period maintained the ability to discriminate monkey faces. However, infants who learned these same six faces categorically (i.e., all faces were labeled "monkey") or were simply exposed to these faces (i.e., faces were not labeled) showed a decline in the ability to discriminate monkey faces. These results suggest that experience individuating faces from 6 to 9 months of age, via labeling, critically shapes the perceptual representation that is responsible for later recognition and discrimination of faces.
Vehicle Kinematics in Turns and the Role of Cornering Lamps in Driver Vision

AbstractSAE Recommended Practice J852 and ECE Regulations 119 and 48 for cornering lamps were compared. Photometric points described in each specification were then compared to naturalistic low-speed turn trajectories produced by 87 drivers. Future locations of a vehicle engaged in a turn were calculated based on the vehicle's momentary position and speed, and the calculated time required to bring a vehicle to a complete stop. The angular offset and distance separating current and future positions were compiled to produce a map of useful preview positions—that is, positions relative to the current position of the vehicle that are far enough away to allow a driver to successfully stop if an object is first seen there. The distribution of preview positions shows strong concentrations between 30 and 35 degrees to the right or left of the current direction of travel. Geometric characteristics of this distribution were then compared to the geometry implied by the photometric minimum points indicated in the two...
The Impact of a Research Ethics Training Program: Romania as a Case Study.

Case Western Reserve University's (CWRU) Training Program in International Research Ethics, funded by the Fogarty International Center, has been ongoing in Romania since 2000. The program consists of multiple components: a U.S.- based MA degree program for long-term trainees, Romania-based short courses, a U.S.-based opportunity for mid-and senior-level personnel to develop collaborative writing or research projects and present lectures, and a newsletter and various Internet-based activities. We evaluated the impact of the training program on bioethics in Romania through a survey of the training program's long-term trainees, a literature search for trainee publications, interviews with key informants, and identification of key events during the course of the program. Findings indicate that the program has had a considerable impact in the field of bioethics through trainee authorship of peer-reviewed publications, books, and chapters; trainee career trajectories that encompass activities related to research ethics; and the development of a Romania-based master's degree program in bioethics and a Center of Bioethics and Health Policy. We attribute these achievements to the establishment of strong relationships between CWRU in Cleveland and the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa in Iasi, Romania, prior to the initiation of the training program; collaboration with key Romania-based institutional partners that are equally invested in the program's success; reliance of the program on a solid theoretical framework; ongoing program responsiveness to trainee and country needs; and a sustained commitment of time, expertise, and funding by the funders, sponsors, and in-country collaborators.
A goal programming approach for the joint optimization of energy consumption and response time in computational grids

We study the multi-objective problem of mapping independent tasks onto a set of computational grid machines that simultaneously minimizes the energy consumption and response time (makespan) subject to the constraints of deadlines and architectural requirements. We propose an algorithm based on goal programming that effectively converges to the compromised Pareto optimal solution. Compared to other traditional multi-objective optimization techniques that require identification of the Pareto frontier, goal programming directly converges to the compromised solution. Such a property makes goal programming a very efficient multi-objective optimization technique. Moreover, simulation results show that the proposed technique achieves superior performance compared to the greedy and linear relaxation heuristics, and competitive performance relative to the optimal solution implemented in LINDO for small-scale problems.
Alignment of 3D point clouds to overhead images

We address the problem of automatically aligning structure-from-motion reconstructions to overhead images, such as satellite images, maps and floor plans, generated from an orthographic camera. We compute the optimal alignment using an objective function that matches 3D points to image edges and imposes free space constraints based on the visibility of points in each camera. We demonstrate the accuracy of our alignment algorithm on several outdoor and indoor scenes using both satellite and floor plan images. We also present an application of our technique, which uses a labeled overhead image to automatically tag the input photo collection with textual information.
The flight management system-pilots' interaction with cockpit automation

An experimental study of pilots' mental models and awareness of the flight management system (FMS) was conducted. Experienced airline pilots were asked to fly a simulated scenario on a fixed-base autoflight training device. The scenario for this study was designed to address specifically those FMS operations that had been identified as problematic in a survey and during training observations. The results of this research provide input to airline training departments in order to help them refine and expand their automation training. The data also support designers in improving existing systems and in designing future automated cockpit systems. This research adds to a better understanding of issues related to human-centered automation independent of any specific domain. >
Optimal multi-therapeutic HIV treatment using a global optimal switching scheme

The problem of multi-therapeutic HIV treatment is posed in this study as a switching problem to find the optimal switching time between the different therapies. To solve the optimal switching problem with nonlinear subsystems an algorithm is developed for learning the cost-to-go as a function versus different switching times and different initial conditions. Once the function is obtained in a closed form, finding optimal switching time for every given initial condition reduces to a function optimization. Through numerical simulations of a model for the HIV problem, the proposed algorithm is shown to be a useful tool for solving this class of problems.
Tense and the Interpretation of Free Adjuncts

In this chapter, the status of free adjuncts within the system of English temporal semantics is investigated. Three issues are centrally addressed here.
Signs of Skepticism in Early Abbasid Literature: The Case of al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 255/869)

The well-known litterateur, al-Jāḥiẓ, was heavily invested in the theological controversies of his time. A chief object of dispute was anthropomorphism ( tashbīh ). For al-Jāḥiẓ, who had great confidence in the mind to discover all truths and also in the language of the Arabs to express these truths with clarity, anthropomorphist belief amounted to muddled thinking. In his view, the partisans of anthropomorphism simply did not understand how to interpret the language of scripture, nor did they grasp the rational criteria on the basis of which claims to knowledge could be satisfactorily made. Al-Jāḥiẓ attacked anthropomorphist belief (and related topics) in varied theological treatises, but he also took on anthropomorphism in some of his literary treatises, notably The Superiority of the Belly to the Back and The Book of Squaring and Circling . These two literary treatises not only bear the marks of theological controversy, they are also “teaching” tools indicating that al-Jāḥiẓ deployed a skeptical strategy in quasi-satirical form as a way to inculcate in the partisans of anthropomorphism doubts about their own beliefs.
Towards a unified economic revitalisation model: Leadership, amenities, and the bargaining model

This paper synthesises two models: Savitch and Kantor’s bargaining and the amenity led growth model. Using evidence from Oklahoma City’s recent revitalisation, the argument concludes that leadership serves as a pivotal link between the bargaining table and the construction of new amenities to attract productive labour and improve their bargaining position. The proposed unified model reprises the role for leadership to include providing amenities prerequisite for economic development.
Inter-Sub-Level Spectroscopy of P-Type Modulation-Doped Ge Quantum Dots

Inter-sub-level transitions in p-type modulation-doped Ge quantum dots are observed. The structure is grown by molecular beam epitaxy and consists of 30 periods of Ge quantum dots separated by 6 nm boron-doped Si layers. An absorption peak in the mid-infrared range is observed at room temperature by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and is attributed to the transition between the first two heavy hole states of the Ge quantum dots. This study suggests the possible use of modulation-doped Ge quantum dots for improved infrared detector application.
Use of Dielectric Heating (Shortwave Diathermy) in Thawing Frozen Suspensions of Tissue Culture Cells.

Summary1. Thawing of frozen mammalian cells by well controlled shortwave diathermy is feasible. 2. Such thawing causes no apparent injury to the cells. 3. Shortwave diathermy offers no advantage over agitation in a 37°C water bath for thawing small masses of frozen tissues and cells. 4. The use of shortwave diathermy appears to be desirable for thawing large masses of tissue such as the dog or human kidney and the present studies indicate that this method can be safely used.
Elastic Scattering of He 3 Ions at Intermediate Energies

The elastic scattering of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ ions has been studied at 37.7 MeV from ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{56}$, and ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$ and at 43.7 MeV from ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$, ${\mathrm{Y}}^{89}$, and ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{90}$. A theoretical analysis has been carried out in terms of the optical model. Both discrete and continuous ambiguities in the optical-model parameters appear, and are discussed in some detail. An average potential has been selected which adequately accounts for our data as well as some reaction data of others. In the case of ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$ and ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$, the energy dependence of the real and imaginary well depths has been investigated using a standard geometry. Similarly, the $A$ dependence of the well depths has been examined.
An Analysis Method to Predict Tail Buffet Loads of Fighter Aircraft

Aircraft designers commit significant resources to the design of aircraft in meeting performance goals. Despite fulfilling traditional design requirements, many fighter aircraft have encountered buffet loads when demonstrating their high angle-of-attack maneuver capabilities. As a result, during test or initial production phases of fighter development programs, many new designs are impacted, usually in a detrimental way, by resulting in reassessing designs or limiting full mission capability. These troublesome experiences usually stem from overlooking or completely ignoring the effects of buffet during the design phase of aircraft. Perhaps additional requirements are necessary that addresses effects of buffet in achieving best aircraft performance in fulfilling mission goals. This paper describes a reliable, fairly simple, but quite general buffet loads analysis method to use in the initial design phases of fighter-aircraft development. The method is very similar to the random gust load analysis that is now commonly available in a commercial code, which this analysis capability is based, with some key modifications. The paper describes the theory and the implementation of the methodology. The method is demonstrated on a JSF prototype example problem. The demonstration also serves as a validation of the method, since, in the paper, the analysis is shown to nearly match the flight data. In addition, the paper demonstrates how the analysis method can be used to assess candidate design concepts in determining a satisfactory final aircraft configuration.
GENETICS OF SEXUAL ISOLATION AND COURTSHIP DYSFUNCTION IN MALE HYBRIDS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS.

Despite the importance of sexual isolation to speciation, few studies have analyzed the genetic basis of interspecific mating discrimination, particularly using hybrid males. In this study, I investigated the genetic basis of sexual isolation using male hybrids of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. Hybrid male mating success was caused by interactions between the X-chromosome and autosomes (or Y-chromosome), and different arms of the X-chromosome contributed to mating success with females of each species. Further, although there was an X-chromosome component to mating success, its magnitude was not disproportionately large when compared with the proportion of the genome contained on this chromosome. Some hybrid males courted with an anomalously low intensity, so I simultaneously mapped the genetic basis of this "courtship dysfunction." The courtship dysfunction was caused by an interaction between the left arm of the X-chromosome in D. persimilis with the autosomes or Y-chromosome from D. pseudoobscura. Anomalous courtship behavior in interspecific hybrids can obscure the conclusions of studies of the genetics of sexual isolation, so courtship intensity should be evaluated in all such investigations.
The Late Twenties

The breaking of the nineteen-twenties between ‘early’ and ‘late’ is more than a mere convenience. The late twenties are of a piece because in this period O’Neill experiments with a boldness unusual even for him, he strains for a depth and a largeness that usually elude him. I do not believe that posterity will praise him for the accomplishment of these years, but they are necessary and exciting years for O’Neill. Perhaps he had to fulfil some extravagant theatrical desires and inflated philosophical goals before he could return refreshed to the kind of realism which allowed him to dramatize life as he saw it and felt it.
Classification, Pathobiology, Molecular Markers, and Intraoperative Pathology

Tumors of the pituitary gland and sellar region represent approximately 15% of all brain tumors (Ostrom et al., Neuro Oncol 16: iv1–iv63, 2014). Numerous types of tumors may involve the sellar region, reflecting its complex anatomy. Table 9.1 lists the most frequent tumors arising in this region. The most common tumors are, by far, the pituitary adenomas representing the third most common primary intracranial tumor in neurosurgical practice, outnumbered only by gliomas and meningiomas (Ostrom et al., Neuro Oncol 16: iv1–iv63, 2014).
Outcomes of emotional support in dating relationships: Relational turbulence or sentiment override?

This study tests the relational turbulence model by considering how qualities of dating relationships may polarize positive evaluations of partner supportiveness and emotional improvement following an interaction about a stressful experience. Sentiment override, which is the tendency for negative relationship qualities to attenuate positive evaluations of a partner, was evaluated as a competing hypothesis. Using a laboratory-based observation method, participants completed stressful activities and talked with a dating partner. Results supported the relational turbulence model, such that the positive association between observer ratings of enacted support and emotional improvement increased when turbulence was high. All results for perceived supportiveness were nonsignificant. Relationship satisfaction did not predict either outcome; therefore, the sentiment override hypothesis was not supported.
Is Voting Rational or Instrumental

A fully rational choice approach to politics does not closely resemble modern models of voting behavior that purport to be applications of the economists analysis of rationality to the political sector. For these models do not build voting choices on the fragility of preferences about how to vote, which we show to be a basic implication of the voters paradox. Building a simple model on the fragility of preferences about how to vote delivers an number of different and realistic implications for the demand for public policies and political candidates, the supply of public policies and political candidates, and, ultimately, the determinants of public policy. The model explains why so many studies have found voters not voting in their (narrowly defined) self-interest, why minorities are not exploited under majoritarian voting, why interest groups have an important influence on public policy, why public decisions are so weakly correlated with voting rules, and why conformity is more common in political than private life.
The Excretion of Hetacillin Methoxymethyl Ester (BL-P1761) into the Prostatic Fluid of the Dog

The lipid-soluble methoxymethyl ester of hetacillin was found to penetrate well into the prostatic fluid of dogs. The prostatic fluid ampicillin concentrations following intravenous infusion of the ester were approximately 15 times higher than following intravenous infusion of ampicillin in equivalent amounts and were approximately 1/2 of the simultaneous blood concentrations. The bactericidal effect of the prostatic fluid following hetacillin ester administration is demonstrated in vitro.
Mediastinal Biopsy Techniques

The mediastinum is the central region of the thoracic cavity that contains many vital structures, all of which may give rise to a tumor or other abnormality associated with a disease process. In addition, the vast majority of mediastinal lesions require tissue sampling prior to initiating a treatment plan. Since the mediastinum is filled with vital structures, the performance of biopsies carries an inherent risk of injury to these surrounding structures. Historically, mediastinal biopsies were challenging, and oftentimes biopsies needed to be performed using a formal surgical procedure, commonly with general anesthesia. In recent years, however, technologies involving minimally invasive techniques and image guidance have evolved to the point that the mediastinum is easily accessed in most circumstances, with little trauma to the patient. The choice of technique to utilize for biopsy depends on the anatomic location of the lesion, as well as the intent of the biopsy. In this regard, the mediastinum is anatomically divided into compartments, which is useful in selecting a biopsy technique. Further, while some biopsies are performed simply to obtain a histologic diagnosis, other biopsies are also therapeutic because the entire abnormality may be excised. Finally, sometimes tissue acquisition is indicated in order to perform molecular and genetic testing for some tumors. The clinician should be familiar with these issues when deciding on the optimal biopsy approach.
Martin Luther and the Reformation: A Reflection on the Five-Hundredth Anniversary

I once quipped in a class that I wondered if the Martin Luther portrayed in some books would even be able to recognize the Martin Luthers of other works. Would Erik Erikson's sexually repressed, rebellious Luther recognize the confident and assertive Luther of the recent popularly aimed biography How a Monk and a Mallet Changed the World? The five-hundredth anniversary of the Reformation seems an apt moment to reflect a bit on the place and significance of Martin Luther in the Reformation and the church. The anniversary year will see at least a half-dozen new biographies, numerous conferences, and nearly ubiquitous commemorations. As we mark this year, what portraits are now being drawn? What conclusions? Is there any hope of synthesis and common representation, or shall we each have our own Luther, few of whom recognize the other? Since the last centennial of the Reformation, scholarship on the Reformation generally and Luther specifically has emerged from the tight quarters of confessionalized history. In 1917, there were no commemorations. Luther was celebrated by Protestants and lamented by Roman Catholics. There was little in the way of neutral ground between those two poles. In 1999, the Lutheran World Federation and the Vatican issued a Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification. In 2016, Pope Francis traveled to Sweden to participate in a joint commemoration of the Reformation with a Lutheran (and female) bishop. Such would have been unthinkable in 1917, or 1817, or 1617. As Luther has been released from the confessionalized walls that held him so long, what image do we see now? In what follows, I would like to reflect on three aspects of the “new” or “newer” Luther that has emerged.
Greatest Prime Factor Sequences

Our involvement with “GPF sequences” began at Ohio Northern University in the fall of 2005, out of the necessity of providing one of my students (Lisa Scheckelhoff) with a topic for her senior capstone project.
Complementary acoustic and optical methods for characterization of diffuse venting, gas seeps, and biota distributions at hydrothermal systems: A case study at Kick’em Jenny Volcano, Grenada, West Indies

Abstract Quantitatively assessing the impact of hydrothermal circulation on geological and biological systems in submarine environments requires accurate characterization of biota, fluid flow, and, in many shallow systems, gas discharge. In a single vent field, surface expressions of hydrothermal venting and vent biology are often widespread, presenting a significant technical challenge to such characterizations. Typically, attempts to overcome this challenge involve extrapolation of point measurements to estimate field-scale parameters. Extrapolation introduces large uncertainties, however. We present a case study at the Kick’em Jenny Volcano, Grenada, West Indies that jointly applies a set of complementary acoustic and optical measurement methods to significantly reduce uncertainty in field-scale flux estimates of diffuse venting, bubble streams, and distributions of microbial mats. Two classes of ROV-based methods are used: 1) survey-level techniques for accurately locating fluid and gas discharge across entire vent fields, and 2) local techniques that accurately measure fluid or gas fluxes just above a vent orifice. Survey level techniques include a structured light laser system to locate active diffuse venting and biological mats, and a high-resolution downward facing multibeam system that can resolve individual bubble streams separated by only centimeters. Local techniques include processing of stereo imagery to determine bubble stream parameters (rise rate, bubble size) and application of the Diffuse Flow Velocimetry technique to determine upwelling rates of diffuse effluent. Joint application of these methods provides a several times increase in the number of identified bubble streams relative to ship-board systems and a difference of up to 40 times in field-scale diffuse volume flux estimates relative to currently available techniques.
Beyond the mainstream: foucault, power and organization theory

While mainstream organization theory has contributed to making organizations a productive part of society, they have simultaneously contributed to the creation of a “dark side” of organizational existence that stifles the individual, frustrates the attainment of desired social ends and distorts many core values of democratic societies. Mainstream theory recognizes this “dark side,” but has been unsuccessful at suggesting how it might be ameliorated or avoided. The writings of Foucault, however, reveal not only how the “dark side” arises but also how it might be avoided so that organizations may develop and pursue interests in common with both society and the individual.
Mfd Dynamically Regulates Transcription via a Release and Catch-Up Mechanism

The bacterial Mfd ATPase is increasingly recognized as a general transcription factor that participates in the resolution of transcription conflicts with other processes/roadblocks. This function stems from Mfd’s ability to preferentially act on stalled RNA polymerases (RNAPs). However, the mechanism underlying this preference and the subsequent coordination between Mfd and RNAP have remained elusive. Here, using a novel real-time translocase assay, we unexpectedly discovered that Mfd translocates autonomously on DNA. The speed and processivity of Mfd dictate a “release and catch-up” mechanism to efficiently patrol DNA for frequently stalled RNAPs. Furthermore, we showed that Mfd prevents RNAP backtracking or rescues a severely backtracked RNAP, allowing RNAP to overcome stronger obstacles. However, if an obstacle’s resistance is excessive, Mfd dissociates the RNAP, clearing the DNA for other processes. These findings demonstrate a remarkably delicate coordination between Mfd and RNAP, allowing efficient targeting and recycling of Mfd and expedient conflict resolution.