cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxaliplatin Hypersensitivity: Evaluation, Implications of Skin Testing, and Desensitization

Background Oxaliplatin hypersensitivity (OXS) presents a challenge in the treatment of oxaliplatin-sensitive malignancies. Objective To analyze patient characteristics of patients with OXS, skin test results, and desensitization outcomes to optimize management. Methods Over 5 years, 48 patients with OXS were referred to the allergy/immunology unit at Massachusetts General Hospital. Their clinical reaction patterns were analyzed. Immediate hypersensitivity skin testing was used for risk stratification, and drug desensitizations were performed by using 3 related continuous intravenous protocols that were chosen based on clinical history, skin test reactivity, and the patients' previous desensitization outcomes. Results OXS occurred in both sexes, with mostly gastrointestinal-related tumors. Hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) onset had occurred during any course of therapy (course nos. 1-28), with a median onset at course no. 8. HSR to oxaliplatin was similar to those observed with cisplatin and carboplatin, including cutaneous, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, neurologic symptoms, including tingling, and systemic symptoms, including fever and chills, occurred more often in patients with OXS. Unique to OXS, 2 patients developed drug-induced thrombocytopenia; 1 patients also developed drug-induced hemolytic anemia. Skin testing was positive for the majority of patients with OXS (27/46 [59%]) and correlated with a greater likelihood of developing an HSR during subsequent desensitizations. We safely performed 200 desensitizations in 48 patients with OXS. Conclusion OXS is common with much similarity to other platin agents but also have distinct differences in the onset of hypersensitivity, sex, tumor type, drug-induced hemolytic anemia, and drug-induced thrombocytopenia. Skin testing was helpful for risk stratification. All of the desensitizations were completed successfully.
Overview of special sub-section on money management articles: cross-disciplinary perspectives on money management by addicts.

Background: How addicts manage their funds can be understood from the studies of impulsive spending, contingency management, self-reported expenditures, behavioral economics, and anthropology. Objective: To show how these differing perspectives can provide theoretical explanations for substance abuse, they were applied to the question of when extra “windfall” funds are spent on substances of abuse. Treatment implications of these perspectives were examined. Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Behavioral economics and related approaches provide the basis for money-management-based interventions targeting substance abuse, informed configuration of reinforcers to compete with substances, and therapeutically framing the choice between abstinence and substance use. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: A cross-discipline consideration of how addicts manage their funds has the potential to inform and improve substance abuse treatment.
VINCRISTINE IN CHILDREN WITH MALIGNANT SOLID TUMORS.

Vincristine, an alkaloid of the periwinkle plant, was administered intravenously to 19 children with inoperable malignant solid tumors. Tumor regression was observed in 2 of 3 children with Hodgkin's disease, 3 of 7 with neuroblastoma, 2 with Wilms' tumor, and 1 each with lymphosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma Ewing's sarcoma, malignant teratoma, and retinoblastoma. One child with a localized inoperable neuroblastoma responded to vincristine therapy, followed by ionizing radiation, to such an extent that the localized tumor could be excised completely. The findings of this study suggest that a safe and effective vincristine dose for children is 1.5 mg. per square meter per week.
Upconverted luminescence from nonequilibrium vibronic states of Cr ions in forsterite.

Nonequilibrium excited vibronic states of photoexcited ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$ ions in a forsterite crystal were studied using picosecond laser excitation and ultrasensitive photon counting detection. The excitation involves the absorption of two photons per photoexcited ion by means of excited-state absorption. Discrete peaks are observed in the hot upconverted luminescence spectrum and are attributed to the population of nonequilibrium vibronic levels during the deexcitation of the ions by phonon emission. This work reveals some of the phonon modes participating in the nonradiative relaxation of the photoexcited ions. The shape of the luminescence spectral envelope suggests a bottleneck in the nonradiative decay at about 2.1 eV from coupling between the $^{1}$E and $^{3}$${\mathit{T}}_{1}$ states.
Finite-element steady state simulation of multiphase distillation

A finite-element method is given for efficient simulation of multiphase distillation systems. Breakpoints are adaptively located to coincide with phase discontinuities. Thermodynamic criteria for the states at these discontinuities are included in the equation system. The adjustable breakpoint locations are calculated simultaneously with the other system variables by global Newton iteration. Worked examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
Changes in fisheries management in Mexico: Effects of increasing scientific input and public participation

Abstract In this article, we analyze a change in the role of federal institutions in charge of managing Mexican fisheries during the mid-1990s. During 30 years, the fishery policy in Mexico began by promoting an accelerated fishing effort. This worked through 1981, when the country recorded its highest landings (1.6 million metric tons), but landings have not increased subsequently whereas the number of fishermen has continued to increase. In 1995, the federal administration acknowledged the problems: biological over-exploitation; over-capitalization; monopoly in commercialization; failures in loan payments; failures in controlling effort; obsolete vessels and equipment; and social conflicts for the resources. In an attempt to resolve some of these problems, the administration implemented structural changes in management, science and enforcement institutions. This arrangement established goals and introduced instruments in fisheries management: it determined the biological status of most of the fisheries; applied the precautionary approach for those fully exploited or over-exploited fisheries; gave scientific advice an important role in decision making; and involved the users in decision making. This article evaluates these changes in management policy by document review, participation and interviewing management and scientists who participated in this process. We analyze, in particular, the use of science-based categorization of fisheries status, and the introduction of public participation. The interview data demonstrate that sustainable Mexican fisheries require an evolution to a more public participatory policy, in order to strengthen local institutions and fishermen over federal institutions, which should lead to a re-definition of regulation of fisheries resources.
Purification of Stearidonic Acid from Modified Soybean Oil by Argentation Silica Gel Column Chromatography

The objective of this study was to purify stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4 ω-3) from modified soybean oil containing a mixture of over 20 fatty acids (23% SDA). Interest in obtaining purified fractions of SDA arises from reported health benefits associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as cardiovascular disease prevention. In addition, SDA may also provide improved stability characteristics since its unsaturation index is less than longer PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω-3). First, a chemical ethanolysis of modified soybean oil was performed to transform the triacylglycerols into fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). Then, the FAEE were fractionated and SDA-EE was purified by argentation silica gel (10% AgNO3) open column chromatography, which allows selectivity based on degree of unsaturation. Different FAEE sample loads and mobile phases were explored until the best purification of SDA-EE was achieved. The solvents used were hexane and hexane:acetone mixtures (99 and 95%). Under the optimal conditions, a fraction with high SDA-EE purity (96%) was obtained with 77% yield. Besides, it was possible to obtain another fraction enriched in α-linolenic acid-EE (37% purity and 68% yield) and γ-linolenic acid-EE (22% purity and 61% yield). A scaled-up process resulted in 840 mg of final product composed of 97% SDA-EE with 71% yield.
Staking Claims: Conveying Transnational Cultural Value in a Creative Industry

This study examines who speaks to cultural value in the world market for television, what criteria are invoked for product appraisal, and how aesthetic criteria are deployed to explore the ways in which cultural arbiters and critical appraisal contribute to transnational culture worlds. Findings reveal that product appraisals consist of rational, concrete criteria that signal profitability alongside aesthetic criteria that reflect dimensions of entertainment. In the absence of professional critics, the public discourse of industry boundary spanners proved crucial to marketplace gatekeeping and the organization of global television’s market environment.
An Inherited Disorder With Splenomegaly, Cytopenias, and Vision Loss

We describe a novel inherited disorder consisting of idiopathic massive splenomegaly, cytopenias, anhidrosis, chronic optic nerve edema, and vision loss. This disorder involves three affected patients in a single non-consanguineous Caucasian family, a mother and two daughters, who are half-sisters. All three patients have had splenectomies; histopathology revealed congestion of the red pulp, but otherwise no abnormalities. Electron microscopic studies of splenic tissue showed no evidence for a storage disorder or other ultrastructural abnormality. Two of the three patients had bone marrow examinations that were non-diagnostic. All three patients developed progressive vision loss such that the two oldest patients are now blind, possibly due to a cone-rod dystrophy. Characteristics of vision loss in this family include early chronic optic nerve edema, and progressive vision loss, particularly central and color vision. Despite numerous medical and ophthalmic evaluations, no diagnosis has been discovered.
Science, policy, and early intervention.

Abstract This article examines the relation of scientific research on intelligence to issues of public policy. Early intervention research with children at risk for mild mental retardation (MR) is considered and found to have a key role in resolving debate regarding the inherent immutability or modifiability of intelligence. The logic and scientific progress of early intervention research, however, are not well understood. As a specific example, the Baumeister and Bacharach [Baumeister, A.A., Bacharach, V.R., 1996. A critical analysis of the Infant Health and Development Program. Intelligence, 23, 79–104.] critical analysis of the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP), an early intervention program for low birth weight (LBW), preterm infants, is reviewed. The critique's assessments of both the public policy relevance and scientific importance of the IHDP are found to be inaccurate. Failure to consider the IHDP as a controlled efficacy trial, as distinct from an effectiveness trial, led the authors to incorrect conclusions concerning the policy relevance of the study's findings. It also led the authors to misinterpret the meaning of individual level and group level variance estimates in their analysis of IHDP data. Early intervention research can serve an important role in shaping public policy and in furthering scientific understanding of intelligence. The need for psychobiological theorizing in the study of MR and the role of early intervention research in the empirical validation of psychobiological models is discussed.
On the pseudo-linearization problem for nonlinear systems

Abstract Based on well-known results for linear systems, an alternate treatment of tthe pseudo-linearization problem of Reboulet and Champetier is given. Sufficient conditions for pseudo-linearization are obtained in the general case, and these are shown to be satisfied under mild hypothesis by systems with one or two inputs. Advantages of the new approach include the simplicity of the derivation, and a more explicit representation for a pseudo-linearizing transformation.
Some Determinants of the Oslo Breakthrough

The breakthrough character of the Oslo agreement is attributed to the mutual recognition between the State of Israel and the PLO and the opening of direct negotiations between them. The parties were induced to go to Oslo and negotiate an agreement there by macro-level forces evolving over some time: Long-term changes, going back to the 1967 War, and short-term strategic and domestic-political considerations, resulting from the Gulf War and the end of the Cold War, created new interests that persuaded them of the necessity of negotiating a compromise; and unofficial interactions between the two sides over the course of two decades persuaded them of the possibility of doing so. Once the parties decided to negotiate, the micro-process provided by Oslo, with its peculiar mixture of track-one and track-two elements, contributed to the success of the negotiations. Key elements included secrecy, the setting, the status of the initial participants, the nature of the third party, and the nature of the mediation process. Finally, what made the accord viable were some of its main substantive features, including the exchange of letters of mutual recognition, the distinction between the interim and the final stage, and the territorial base and early empowerment of the Palestinian Authority.
The effect of dense cores on the structure and evolution of Jupiter and Saturn

The evolutionary and static models of Jupiter and Saturn were calculated with homogeneous solar composition mantles and dense cores of material consisting of solar abundances of SiO2, MgO, Fe, and Ni. Evolutionary sequences for Jupiter were calculated with cores of mass ranging from 2 to 8% of the Jovian mass; the Saturn sequences ranged from cores of mass of 16 to 22% of total mass. Two envelope mixtures representative of the solar abundances were used: they contained mass fraction of 0.74 and 0.77 of hydrogen, respectively, and 0.24 and 0.21 mass fractions of helium. For Jupiter, the observations of the temperature at 1 bar pressure, of radius and of internal luminosity were best fit by evolutionary models with a core mass of about 6.5% and chemical composition of 0.77 mass fraction of hydrogen and 0.21 mass fraction of helium. The cooling time calculated for Saturn was 2.6 x 10 to the 9th yr, almost a factor of 2 less than the percentage of the solar system.
Transitions in function at low Reynolds number: hair-bearing animal appendages

Many types of animals use appendages bearing arrays of hair-like structures to capture molecules (e.g. olfactory antennae, gills) or particles (e.g. suspension-feeding appendages) from the surrounding water or air, and to locomote or move fluid past themselves. The performance of these functions depends on how much of the fluid encountered by the array of hairs flows through the gaps between the hairs rather than around the perimeter of the whole array. By modelling such arrays of hairs as rows of finite width of cylinders operating at low Reynolds numbers, the fluid velocity fields with respect to the hairs were calculated. Such models revealed a transition from non-leaky to leaky behaviour as Re was increased. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the features of this transition as revealed by models, and then to describe examples of how animals use the transition in fluid flow to perform particular functions: rejection of captured material by copepods, and sniffing by lobsters.
A Survey on Views of How to Assist With Coming Out as Gay, Changing Same-Sex Behavior or Orientation, and Navigating Sexual Identity Confusion

This study is an analysis of 186 psychologists' attitudes on what constitutes ethical practice when counseling clients who present with a range of concerns related to their experience of same-sex attraction and behavior. Three different groups of psychologists were surveyed: generalists, specialists in gay and lesbian issues, and religiously affiliated psychologists. Participants also rated the effectiveness of several professional experiences in providing education, direction, sanctions, or support to regulate the practice of counseling nonheterosexual clients. Significant group differences were found regarding what is considered best, acceptable, and unacceptable practice with clients presenting with same-sex attraction issues. Significant differences were also found among the three groups in what respondents rated as effective elements of their clinical experience. Keywords: gay, lesbian, religion, survey
Aggression, Dominance, and Social Organization in Evening Grosbeaks

Relationships between social behavior and ecology are of great interest to ethologists and behavioral ecologists. For example, limited comparative data have already resulted in the development of broad explanations for possible interrelationships between patterns of social interaction and food supply in diverse species. Here, we analyzed agonistic behavior, dominance relationships, and social organization in evening grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertinus) living near Boulder, Colorado U.S.A. We found marked seasonal variations in mean rates of agonistic behavior, mean sex ratios, and mean flock sizes. Rates of agonistic encounters were positively correlated with group size and the number of adult males present. Generally, adult males dominated (>>) adult females, young males, and young females; young males >> adult and young females; and young females >> adult females. Adult males were most aggressive during the beginning of the breeding season. The formation of large flocks of grosbeaks most likely facilitates locating the dispersed and locally irruptive food on which these birds depend, and may also confer protection against predators. We suggest that flocks of grosbeaks composed of mainly transient birds are maintained by (1) low rates of noncontact aggressive encounters and (2) the rare occurrence of potentially disruptive fights, both of which appear to result from birds' being able to assess the likely outcome of an encounter with another animal using phenotypic cues such as wing length, weight, and especially plumage. The ability to predict the outcome of an aggressive encounter may also be important in the integration of young birds into flocks.
Biology and Immature Stages of Snail-Killing Flies Belonging to the Genus Tetanocera (Insecta: Diptera: Sciomyzidae). VI. Descriptions of Immature Stages and Keys to the Larvae and Puparia of the Nearctic Species

ABSTRACT The eggs, third-instar larvae, and puparia of 18 species of Nearctic Tetanocera are described and illustrated. Species keys to third-instar larvae and puparia are presented.
Consolidation accounting: An update on FASB projects on consolidations, business combinations, and intangible assets

The FASB has several projects that will affect consolidation accounting. What changes is the Board considering? © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Particle degeneracy: root cause and solution

We have solved the well known and important problem of particle degeneracy for particle filters. Our filter is roughly seven orders of magnitude faster than standard particle filters for the same estimation accuracy. The new filter is four orders of magnitude faster per particle, and it requires roughly three orders of magnitude fewer particles to achieve the same accuracy as a standard particle filter. Typically we beat the EKF or UKF accuracy by approximately two orders of magnitude for difficult nonlinear problems.
Dark induction of zeaxanthin-dependent nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching mediated by ATP.

Abstract Zeaxanthin-dependent nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching is a light-induced activity in plants that apparently protects against the potentially damaging effects of excess light. We report a dark-induced nonphotochemical quenching in thylakoids of Lactuca sativa L. cv. Romaine mediated by ATP. This effect is due to low lumen pH from hydrolysis-dependent proton pumping and hence required an active ATPase. The induction was optimal at 0.3 mM ATP, a physiological concentration, and occurred under conditions of little or no reverse electron flow. The properties of ATP-induced quenching were in all respects examined similar to light-induced quenching, including antimycin inhibition of quenching induction but not delta pH. We conclude that zeaxanthin-dependent quenching depends directly on lumen pH and that the role of light is indirect. Although it is known that zeaxanthin and low lumen pH are insufficient for quenching to occur, the results apparently exclude the redox state of an electron-transport carrier or formation of light-induced carotenoid triplets as a further requirement. We propose that a slow pH-dependent conformational change together with zeaxanthin cause static quenching in the pigment bed; possibly antimycin inhibits this change. Furthermore, we suggest from the ability of ATP to sustain quenching in the dark for extended periods that persistent or slowly reversible zeaxanthin quenching often observed in vivo may be due to sustained delta pH from ATP hydrolysis.
On the convergence rate of s -numbers of compact Hankel operators

It is well known that the sequence ofs-numbers {sn},n=0, 1,..., of a compact operator, and particularly a compact Hankel operator Γ=[h j+k −1], converges monotonically to zero. Since the (n + 1)sts-number sn measures the error ofL ∞(¦z¦=1) approximation, modulo an additive H∞ function, by nth degree proper rational functions whose poles are restricted to ¦z¦ < 1, it is very important to study how fast {s n } converges to zero. It is not difficult to see that ifh n =O(n −α), for someα > 1, thens n =O(n −α). In this paper we construct, for any given sequenceɛ n ↓ 0, a compact Hankel operator Γ such thats n ≥ɛ n for alln.
Tariff protection and workforce gender: Evidence from U.S. manufacturing industries

A data set of 266 four-digit SIC U.S. manufacturing industries is used to examine the relationship between tariff protection and workforce gender. The paper shows that industries with a relatively large proportion of women are more likely to be protected by U.S. tariff policy, even when factors such as wages and human capital are controlled. Furthermore, this result is robust in that it is not driven by any particular industry or industries.
Stimulus-response coupling in mammalian ciliated cells. Demonstration of two mechanisms of control for cytosolic [Ca2+]

Changes of cytosolic [Ca2+] have been proposed to couple stimulation of ciliary movement, however, quantitative measurements of fluctuations of intracellular free [Ca2+] associated with stimulation of ciliated cells have not been investigated. In primary cultures of rabbit oviductal ciliated cells, the stimulation of ciliary activity produced by micromolar concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was associated with a transient increase of intracellular [Ca2+]. Whereas the increase of cytosolic [Ca2+] and beat frequency produced by ATP were inhibited by the Ca-channel blocker LaCl3, the rise of cytosolic [Ca2+] and frequency of ciliary beat produced by PGF2 alpha was not affected by LaCl3. These results are the first direct demonstration that fluctuations of cytosolic [Ca2+] are associated with increased ciliary beat frequency in mammalian epithelial cells. The present findings suggest two different calcium-dependent mechanisms for stimulus-coupling in ciliary epithelium: ATP acting via purinergic receptor coupled to transmembrane influx of Ca2+, and PGF2 alpha acting via receptor-mediated release of intracellular sequestered Ca.
Modern Impulse Generators for Testing Lightning Arresters

1. Thorough testing of lightning arresters requires a wide variety of impulse-current waves. 2. The strictly mathematical calculation of circuit constants to produce such waves is limited to the few cases where the circuit resistance is constant. 3. Valve-type lightning arresters have a resistance that is intentionally a function of voltage or current and the determination of the constants of circuits containing valve elements must be done experimentally. 4. Impulse-current waves of the same shape but various durations and magnitudes have circuit constants where R T /?4L/C is fixed. 5. Once the circuit constants are determined for a particular wave, the constants for similar waves of other magnitudes and durations are easily calculated. 6. The curves of Figure 5 facilitate such calculations for the wide range of wave shapes shown in Figure 4. 7. The testing of various types and ratings of arresters with a number of different waves, requires extremely flexible impulse-generator circuits. 8. Ordinarily the impulse-generator capacitance is the most difficult circuit constant to adjust, but four special impulse generators are described having capacitance values easily adjustable over a wide range. Several years of experience with these generators, and the previously mentioned calculating methods, show that constants for any desired wave, within the capabilities of the equipment, can be computed and set up easily and quickly.
High performance weak donor-acceptor polymers in thin film transistors: effect of the acceptor on electronic properties, ambipolar conductivity, mobility, and thermal stability.

We have studied the electronic, physical, and transistor properties of a family of donor–acceptor polymers consisting of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) coupled with different accepting companion units in order to determine the effects of donor–acceptor interaction. Using the electronically neutral benzene (B), the weakly accepting benzothiadiazole (BT), and the strongly accepting benzobisthiadiazole (BBT), the accepting strength of the companion unit was systematically modulated. All polymers exhibited excellent transistor performance, with mobilities above 0.1 cm2V–1s–1, even exceeding 1 cm2V–1s–1 for one of the BBT-containing polymers. We find that the BBT is the strongest acceptor, enabling the BBT-containing polymers to be strongly ambipolar. The BBT moiety also strengthens interchain interactions, which provides higher thermal stability and performance for transistors with BBT-containing polymers as the active layer.
An idiosyncratic assessment of the role of mathematical models in environmental sciences

Abstract This paper summarizes a number of studies in two disciplines of particular interest to environmental scientists and managers: academic ecology and academic economics. These studies suggest that too often in the past we have been extremely cavalier in our acceptance and use of some theoretical mathematical models purporting great importance and generality. Of particular concern is that on a number of occasions, data have been presented as substantiation of certain theoretical models while in fact, on closer examination, they are not. In many cases, the use of these formulations have led to unnecessary environmental destruction and illogical economic decisions. I conclude that, although there are many good reasons to continue to formalize our knowledge about systems through explicit model development, we must not continue to confuse mathematical rigor with scientific rigor, and we must subject our theoretical formulations to more rigid tests vis-a-vis nature than we have in the past.
Assessment of competency for execution: professional guidelines and an evaluation checklist.

The issue of whether mental health professionals should be involved in conducting evaluations of competency for execution is a topic that has elicited controversy and heated debate. This article picks up at a point beyond the controversy and addresses issues of professionalism and the objective assessment of competency for execution. Specifically, this article identifies professional standards for conducting competence for execution (CFE) evaluations, describes current practices in this area, and provides an interview checklist that can be used as an evaluation guide by involved professionals.
De Novo Nucleases Based on HTH and EF-Hand Chimeras

The reactivity of two de novo peptide chimeras that incorporate sequences from structurally similar parent motifs is reported. The peptides comprise an EF-hand Ca-binding motif and portions of a HT...
Current–voltage curves for molecular junctions: the effect of Cl substituents and basis set composition

Abstract Current–voltage characteristics of gold-benzene-1,4-dithiol-gold junctions are calculated using a combined density functional theory/non-equilibrium Green's functions approach with local atomic basis sets. Improving the basis set with the addition of polarization or diffuse functions has some effect on the computed I – V curves, but even the small valence double zeta sets yield reasonable results. The results obtained using the hybrid B3LYP functional give slightly smaller conductance than those obtained using the pure BPW91 approach. Substituting Cl for H on the bridging molecule has only a small effect on the I – V curves.
Hot hydrogen in the exosphere of Venus

Lyman-alpha measurements of the hydrogen corona of Venus by Mariners 5 and 10 have been shown to be consistent with a two-temperature component model. Bertaux et al. (1978) have successfully fitted the Venera 9 exospheric Lyman-alpha data to an elevated (500 K) single temperature. Various source mechanisms have been proposed to explain the 'hot' (1000 K) energetic component of the hydrogen corona. In the present paper recent results from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter are used to establish the major sources of this hot hydrogen population.
Deuterium trapping measurements in aluminum and plasma-sprayed aluminum coatings☆

Abstract Bulk and plasma-sprayed aluminum samples were bombarded with 10 keV D3+ to a standard fluence of 1018 atoms cm-2 at implant temperatures of 100–400 °C. Gas re-emission, thermal desorption and D(3He,α)H measurements were conducted. The results indicate that the saturation deuterium trapping level was about 1016-1017 atoms cm-2 and was primarily confined to about the first 0.2 μm depth. Trapping of about 1016 atoms cm-2 was still observed after anneals to 530 °C.
Expanding the Operating Envelope of Carbon/Oxygen Saturation Monitoring Technology

This paper was selected for presentation by an IPTC Programme Committee following review of information contained in an proposal submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the International Petroleum Technology Conference and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the International Petroleum Technology Conference, its officers, or members. Papers presented at IPTC are subject to publication review by Sponsor Society Committees of IPTC. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the International Petroleum Technology Conference is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an
Networking for Other People

Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action. Edited by Mario Diani, Doug McAdam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. 368 pp., $70.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-19-925177-0), $24.95 paper (ISBN: 0-19-925178-9). Social network analysis, and the relational arguments that are at its core, constitute a well-elaborated and important approach to the study of social movements. Social Movements and Networks , edited by Mario Diani and Doug McAdam, brings together the work of fourteen researchers in the field. The volume offers a rich menu of concepts, substantive insights, and research strategies for the student of politics. Much network research seeks to document principles of social organization and to contextualize action by locating actors within a relational structure. In this volume, Florence Passy details how the impact of social networks on individual participation varies across political contexts. Mario Diani examines the different notions of power implicit in centrality (having many ties to others) and brokerage (having ties to important actors who are not directly related to the rest of the network). Christopher Ansell asks whether embeddedness in activist networks increases collaboration within the San Francisco Bay Area environmental movement. …
High Dose Intravenous Furosemide for the Management of Acute Cardio-Renal Syndrome

Length of Stay (Days) 6.4679 7.1667 6.6209 5.85 7.39 4.9 5 4.3 (N5 187,565) Inpatient Mortality (%) 0 4 1.55 0.04 3.14 2.8 3.9 3.8 (N5 187,565) Conclusions: Nearly one third of patients in our DMP had preserved EF for whom effective management strategies do not exist. With the exception of BNP and hematocrit, the clinical and prognostic factors were not significantly different between the two groups. The prognostic role of lower hematocrit in HF with preserved EF needs to be further investigated. Management of comorbidities may be important in HF regardless of EF. ACE-I/ARB (%) 60 64 61.89 56.26 67.52 58 71 63 (N5 140,841) Beta-Blockers (%) 74 85 79.37 74.68 84.06 52 62 64 (N5 140,841)
Behavior of domain constants under conformal mappings

Domain constants are numbers attached to regions in the complex plane ℂ. For a region Ω in ℂ, letd(Ω) denote a generic domain constant. If there is an absolute constantM such thatM −1≤d(Ω)/d(Δ)≤M whenever Ω and Δ are conformally equivalent, then the domain constant is called quasiinvariant under conformal mappings. IfM=1, the domain constant is conformally invariant. There are several standard problems to consider for domain constants. One is to obtain relationships among different domain constants. Another is to determine whether a given domain constant is conformally invariant or quasi-invariant. In the latter case one would like to determine the best bound for quasi-invariance. We also consider a third type of result. For certain domain constants we show there is an absolute constantN such that |d(Ω)−d(Δ)|≤N whenever Ω and Δ and conformally equivalent, sometimes determing the best possible constantN. This distortion inequality is often stronger than quasi-invariance. We establish results of this type for six domain constants.
Alternatively and Traditionally Certified Teachers: The Same but Different

Thirty-eight alternative teacher certification candidates responded to an open-ended questionnaire designed to probe their motivation for entering teaching and their perceptions of strengths they can bring to the secondary classroom. Thirty-two of the candidates who were already teaching also described the nature of the support received during their first year of teaching. Results provide insights for principals about similarities and differences between alternatively certified and traditionally certified teachers.
Prevention of Malignant Cell Growth and Spread by Tropical Pretreatment with Radioactive Chromic Phosphate.

Summary and conclusions(1) Pretreatment of new mice with CrP32O4, in well tolerated doses for topical prevention of tumor growth and spread was applied in various topographic areas, i.e., pleural cavity, scalp, abdominal wall and leg. (2) Reduction of tumor growth in all areas and of its spread in pleural and scalp were directly proportional to dose of radioactivity and inversely to the period between isotope injection and tumor inoculation. (3) These findings showed that amount of radioactivity stored in pretreated tissues at time of tumor inoculation was the major factor of the isotope's preventive effect. However, previous results(1) suggested also another effect of pretreatment, that of tissues increased resistance to invasion with tumor cells. (4) It was concluded that topical pretreatment with CrP32O4 may be attempted for prevention of postoperative growth and spread of tumor cells.
Marion Pearsall (1923–1984)

Marion Pearsall's long struggle with cancer ended onJune 15, 1984. She was a leading authority on cultures of the American South and a leader in the development of both applied anthropology and medical anthropology. She was only 61, and so too soon a life devoted to her students and her profession was ended. It is characteristic of her very being that, right to the end of her difficult illness, she remained professionally active and alert. A partially critiqued manuscript of a longtime colleague was at her bedside. And, despite the fact that she had been forced to take disability retirement, she was still guiding graduate students through dissertations and involved in the thinking and the planning of her departmental associates. She had continued her teaching until she no longer had the breath to sustain a lecture nor the mobility to reach a classroom. She maintained her voluminous reading and surrounded herself with recent journals and new professional books along with the mystery novels that were her favorite diversion.
The (p, pα) and (α, 2α) reactions

The (p, pα) and (α, 2α) reactions furnish a useful tool for studying α-particle clustering within the nucleus. These reactions are discussed in terms of the momentum distribution function for the mass centre of the four nucleons to be knocked out as an α-particle and of the probability of finding the α-particle within the nucleus. The momentum distribution for the mass centre of the four nucleons within the nucleus is the same for both the reactions. The probability of finding the α-particle inside the nucleus in the (α, 2α) reaction is compared with the corresponding probability in the (p, pα) reaction.
Design and synthesis of large-pore p6mm mesoporus zirconia thin films templated by a novel block copolymer

A novel poly(butadiene-b-ethylene oxide) (PB-PEO) block copolymer was employed as the structure-directing agent for the preparation of large-pore, mesoporous for zirconia with two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal (p6mm) mesostructure through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) approach. The presented materials, calcined at 400 °C and 500 °C, were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption. The results showed that the mesoporous zirconia possesses a large-pore diameter, high BET surface area, and large-porosity. A probable formation mechanism was also presented in this work.
Growth of high quality InN on production style PA-MBE system

We have demonstrated step-flow growth mode of InN, with monolayer height terrace steps (0.281 nm), using a production-style PA-MBE system, GEN200®. The surface morphology exhibits the step-flow features on relatively large areas and the RMS roughness over an area of 5 × 5 μm2 is 1.4 nm. We also investigated the consequences of In droplets formation during the growth and we have found that the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism generates defective layer areas underneath droplets that have been formed early in the growth process. The Hall mobility of 1µm thick InN layers, grown in such step-flow mode is slightly higher than 1400 cm2/Vs while for other growth conditions we have obtained mobility as high as 1904 cm2/Vs at room temperature. The samples exhibit high intensity photoluminescence spectra with a band edge that shifts with free-carrier concentration. For the lowest carrier concentration of 5.6 × 1017 cm-3 we observe PL emission at ∼0.64 eV. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Arsenic immobilization by calcium arsenate formation

Lime additions to arsenic-containing wastes have been proven to be beneficial in reducing the mobility of dissolved arsenic, presumably through the formation of low-solubility calcium arsenates. Ho...
Improved integral equation solution for the first passage time of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons

An accurate calculation of the first passage time probability density (FPTPD) is essential for computing the likelihood of solutions of the stochastic leaky integrate-and-fire model. The previously proposed numerical calculation of the FPTPD based on the integral equation method discretizes the probability current of the voltage crossing the threshold. While the method is accurate for high noise levels, we show that it results in large numerical errors for small noise. The problem is solved by analytically computing, in each time bin, the mean probability current. Efficiency is further improved by identifying and ignoring time bins with negligible mean probability current.
Comparison of Standard and Heat-Pipe Fins with Specified Tip Temperature Condition

Analytical expressions for heat-pipe fin temperature distribution and efficiency were obtained for a fin with uniform cross-sectional area, convection, thermal conductivity, and where the fin-tip temperature is specified. The results were compared to a standard (solid conductor) fin. It was observed that under most conditions, the heat-pipe fin would have a higher efficiency than a geometrically similar standard fin. The important parameters needed to compare the two types of fins are presented.
Science and politics in the conservation of biodiversity: The Steller sea lion case

Abstract The U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), adopted by the Congress with virtually no opposition in 1973, is one of the world's most comprehensive biodiversity sustainability measures, because both the listing of species as endangered and plans for their recovery by law must be based only on biological needs. Yet ESA has been one of the most embattled of American environmental laws; critics argue that politics routinely eclipses science in ESA decision-making. This study demonstrates the need to analyze reciprocal effects of scientific knowledge and political decision-making in the sustainability transition. The case concerns crisis in the conservation of Steller sea lions (SSL), whose population in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands plummeted more than 80 percent after the 1950s. It examines three early decisions of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS): (1) to list the SSL as threatened in 1990; (2) to upgrade the listing of Western SSL to endangered in 1997; and (3) in its first biological opinions in 1999–2000, to permit continued operation of the greater than $1 billion bottomfish fishery, notwithstanding the belief of many scientists and most environmentalists that cause of depletion was nutritional stress (the fishery competed with SSL for prey). In discussing NMFS's implementation of ESA policy, the article asks the extent to which decisions were based on scientifically determined characteristics of the species (e.g., cause and degree of endangerment and requisite critical habitat) as compared to non-scientific variables capturing aspects of the mammal's charisma and appeal or political economic value of its habitat. It finds that the boundaries of science and politics are blurred in this case, and then asks why, by briefly comparing the finding to decision-making in protection of other endangered species.
Spectroscopy and dynamics of 5f states of Es3+ in LaF3

Abstract Using time- and wavelength-resolved laser-induced fluorescence methods, the 5f state spectroscopy and photodynamics of 253 Es 3+ in LaF 3 have been investigated. Based on an effective operator Hamiltonian model and approximating the metal ion site symmetry as C 2 v , a set of crystal field parameters has been obtained that fit the 56 assigned levels associated with the seven states of Es 3+ that were observed. The 5 F 5 emitting state of Es 3+ exhibited a decay rate that approached the expected purely radiative decay of the state. This suggests that the shorter lifetime previously found for this state of Es 3+ in LaCl 3 arose from radiation damage induced by α decay of 253 Es.
Mood, categorization breadth, and performance appraisal: The effects of order of information acquisition and affective state on halo, accuracy, information retrieval, and evaluations

Abstract Primacy effects and variations in mood affect impression formation. These biases should also affect performance appraisal. The present study investigated the effects of order of information acquisition and mood state on performance appraisal decisions. Recent theoretical research suggests that subjects in depressed moods should display less halo and greater accuracy in judgments than subjects in elated moods, since subjects in good moods have been shown to be broader categorizers. Subjects in good moods should make more positive evaluations and retrieve more positive and less negative information than subjects in bad moods (mood congruency). Order of information acquisition should result in primacy effects. Subjects initially received either a greater proportion of positive or negative behavioral information regarding a target's performance. In a supposedly unrelated second study, subjects were put into either elated, neutral, or depressed mood states. Subjects wrote a brief description of their impressions of a target, evaluated the target on four global measures and on eight specific behavioral scales (evaluation measures), and finally recalled all the behavioral information that they could (memory measures). The predicted main effects for order of information acquisition and mood were confirmed, but no interactions were seen, suggesting that encoding and retrieval biases may act independently. Subjects in depressed states displayed the least amount of halo and greatest accuracy. The results are discussed in terms of encoding and retrieval biases, as well as categorization breadth and automaticity in performance appraisal. Cautionary notes regarding the generalizability of the findings are also discussed.
Determination of optimum sowing time for black beans in southern Brazil

Abstract A sowing-time experiment was conducted for 4 years in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Phenological observations, seed yields, seed weights, and stand determinations were made in the experiments. In the early sowings in August and September, soil temperatures were below the requirements for good stands, and heavy rains during the emergence period also reduced stands due to soil crusting. October sowing had the best conditions of soil moisture and soil temperature and resulted in high stands. In later sowings in November to January, soil moisture was too low for good stands. Soil-moisture conditions were found to be an important factor in determining seed yields and seed weights. August sowings produced the highest yields, even though it did not produce the highest stands. August sowing allowed the plant to make best use of the natural climatic conditions of the region and avoid the more detrimental conditions. Soil-moisture conditions in both the vegetative and reproductive periods of the crop were important in determining bean yields. August was recommended as the optimum sowing time for black beans in the region. Where the economic conditions permit, practices which raise the soil temperature during the August sowing times, as well as irrigation, should be considered as a means of increasing bean yields.