cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Display Quality SOI by Recrystallization of Bridged Silicon Islands on Quartz

Arrays of single crystal thin film silicon islands were prepared on fused quartz substrates by a zone melting recrystallization of bridged island patterns of poly-Si. A scanning graphite strip heater technique was used, with the Si islands connected (“bridged”) in the scanning direction by narrow Si strips. These strips generated a self-seeding effect in the crystalline growth, and the recrystallized Si islands were good quality SOI with orientation as shown by x-ray and etch-pit analysis. Protuberances, film cracking and impurity segregation were greatly suppressed in this bridged island SOI as compared to defects normally observed in recrystallized continuous Si films on quartz. MOSFETs were fabricated in the SOI islands, using n-channel enhancement mode devices with a gate length of 5μm and a gate width of 50μm. The average carrier mobility measured on these SOI devices was 470 ± 70 cm 2 /V.s, which was twice as high as the mobility measured in MOSFETs fabricated concurrently in SOS. Good MOSFETs in the SOI islands showed a switching ratio of about 10 7 at 6V and a leakage of less than 2pA/μm. These results indicate that high performance drive circuits for liquid crystal displays can be fabricated in SOI recrystallized from bridged island patterns on transparent quartz substrates.
Einige Überlegungen zur physikalischen Bedeutung der Glühelektronen-Emission

Der Verfasser versucht die Auffassung zu vertreten, das es sich bei der Gluhelektronen-Emission um eine Temperaturionisation durch Atomstos handelt.
Experimental Assessment of Several Population Estimation Techniques on an Introduced Population of Eastern Chipmunks

An experimental population of eastern chipmunks ( Tamias striatus ) composed of 85 individuals of known age and sex was released on a 9.4-ha island previously devoid of chipmunks. Three commonly used mark-recapture techniques (Lincoln-Petersen, Schnabel, and Schumacher-Eschmeyer methods) and the Least Squares Removal Method were used to estimate the size of the population. With the exception of equal catchability, the experiment was designed to satisfy the assumptions of the above methods. Point estimates always underestimated the true population size, and only the confidence intervals of the Lincoln-Petersen Method consistently included the actual population value. Least squares regression analyses suggest that the experimental population is composed of two groups of animals: those easily trapped and those hesitant to enter traps. As such, all population estimation methods estimate the easily captured portion of the population and underestimate the true population size. The mathematically simple Lincoln-Petersen Method was more robust than the other methods; when unequal trappability is suspected, it is more accurate than the other methods (although some precision is sacrificed). Caution is suggested in making inter- or intraspecific statistical comparisons of population size when close adherence to the assumptions of the models utilized is not demonstrable; otherwise, statistical differences may be spurious.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Adductor Canal Catheter and Intraarticular Catheter After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Multimodal analgesia, including peripheral nerve blocks, is recommended for postoperative pain relief after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To date, no randomized controlled trial has compared the efficacy of adductor canal catheters (ACCs) and intraarticular catheters (IACs) in patients undergoing TKA. Methods A prospective, randomized control trial was performed in 96 primary, unilateral TKA patients comparing ACC with IAC between April, 2014 and August, 2015. Primary outcome measured was numeric pain scores before and after the first physical therapy session on postoperative day 1. Secondary outcomes were oxycodone consumption at 24 and 48 hours, total opioid consumption in morphine equivalents at 24 and 48 hours, active and passive range of motion during physical therapy, patient satisfaction, and length of stay. Results Results demonstrated that the ACC provided significantly better pain control on postoperative day 1 ( P = .02) compared with the IAC. ACC trended toward significantly reduced oxycodone consumption at 24 hours postoperatively compared to IAC (25.64 vs 34.67 mg, P = .057). However, total opioid consumption was equivalent between the groups at 24 hours (32.24 vs 38.55 P = .185) or 48 hours (45.2 vs 52.0, P = .330). Conclusion ACC should be considered as part of a multimodal pain regimen after primary, unilateral TKA and provides a better option for pain control after discharge.
An “intelligent” program to teach logical thinking skills

An “intelligent” program was developed on a microcomputer to help students improve their logical reasoning skills. The program is based on the popular two-person game of “Mastermind” and provides feedback for less than optimal performance. In addition to playing the game with a student, the program checks to see if he or she is using all available information. If not, the program indicates the information that is being overlooked. High performance at successive levels of difficulty produces reliable improvement on equivalent forms of standardized tests of logical thinking skills.
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography.

Abstract Objectives. This study sought to demonstrate that with proper technique, identification of the normal and abnormal pulmonary venous connection can be made with confidence using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Background. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is an uncommon congenital anomaly whose diagnosis has classically been made using angiography. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of all patients of all ages with PAPVC diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic who had undergone TEE because of either right ventricular volume overload or suspected intracardiac shunting by transthoracic echocardiography or intraoperatively. Results. A total of 66 PAPVCs were detected in 43 patients (1.5/patient); in 2 additional patients, TEE suggested, but did not diagnose, PAPVCs. Shortness of breath was the most common presenting symptom (42.2%), followed by heart murmur and supraventricular tachycardia. Right-sided anomalous veins were identified in 35 patients (81.4%), left-sided in 7 (16.3%) and bilateral in 1 (2.3%). There was a single anomalous connecting vein in 23 patients (53.5%), two in 18 (41.9%), three in 1 (2.3%) and four in 1 (2.3%). The connecting site was the superior vena cava (SVC) in 39 veins (59.1%), right atrial–SVC junction in 6 (9.1%), right atrium in 8 (12.1%), inferior vena cava in 1 (1.5%) and the coronary sinus in 2 (3.0%). Ten anomalous left pulmonary veins were connected by a vertical vein to the innominate vein (15.1%). Sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) was the most common associated anomaly in 22 patients (49%), followed by ostium secundum ASD in 6 and patent foramen ovale in 4. Fifteen patients had an intact atrial septum. Thirty-one patients (68.8%) underwent surgical repair. PAPVC was confirmed in all patients, including the two whose TEE results were suggestive of PAPVC. All 49 PAPVCs detected by TEE preoperatively were confirmed at the time of operation. Conclusions. TEE is highly diagnostic for PAPVC and can obviate angiography. Accurate anatomic diagnosis may influence the need for medical and surgical management. TEE should be performed in patients with right ventricular volume overload when the precordial examination is inconclusive. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:1351–8)
Evaluation on Effect of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Control Project in Kaifu District of Changsha from 2003 to 2008

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of pulmonary tuberculosis control project conducted in Kaifu District of Changsha. Methods To collect the data of pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered and treated in local center for disease control and prevention from the beginning of 2003 to the end of 2008,and to analyze the data collected. Results Totally 359 new smear positive patients in Kaifu District were registered and treated throughout the 6 years.The average rate of treatment for the 6 years was 87.74%;and the rate of treatment increased year by year since 2006,and reached 92.42% in 2008. Conclusions The expectation effect of pulmonary tuberculosis control project had been realized,and the infection source of pulmonary tuberculosis was under the control.However,many difficulties appeared and more efforts were demanded in controlling pulmonary tuberculosis.
Ionic movement across the gastric mucosa of man: reproducibility and effect of intravenous atropine.

Abstract We measured ionic fluxes across the gastric mucosa in 17 normal subjects after instillation of 200 ml. of 160 mEq. per liter of HCl containing a nonabsorbable indicator. Values for concentration changes and transmucosal movements of H + , Na + , K + , and Cl − were shown to be reproducible by studying 9 subjects twice. Reproducibility was much better in the same subject than between subjects, indicating that each individual must serve as his own control. In 9 subjects, studies were repeated after intravenous atropine was given. Compared to control studies, net fluxes of H + , Na + , K + , and Cl − ions into the lumen, the volume of gastric secretion, and the volume emptied through the pylorus were significantly decreased (p + ion in gastric aspirates was slightly but significantly increased (p − concentration was unaffected (p > 0.05), and Na + (p + (p + flux into the lumen was 0.74 mEq. per 15 minutes; after atropine, the mean net flux was 0.23 mEq. per 15 minutes out of the lumen. The SD was 1.4 mEq. per 15 minutes in control studies compared to 0.3 mEq. per 15 minutes in atropine studies. We conclude: (1) there is a net loss of H + ions from the gastric lumen in normal subjects, and (2) atropine by reducing spontaneous gastric acid secretion unmasks this H + loss, and (3) by so doing increases reproducibility of ion flux data between subjects.
An Exploration of the Factors Considered When Forming Expectations for Returning to Work following Sickness Absence Due to a Musculoskeletal Condition

Introduction Workers’ own expectations for returning to work following a period of sickness absence have been found to be one of the best predictors of future work status; however, there is a limited understanding of why people expect what they do. The current study was undertaken with the aim of determining what people take into consideration when forming their expectations for returning to work. Methods Thirty-four people (8 women, 26 men), who were off work due to a musculoskeletal condition, participated in one of 14 focus groups. Participants were aged 25 to 65 (M = 45, SD = 12.6), and all had been out of work for 3 months or less. Results All participants reported expecting to return to work, with the most common timeframe being approximately 30 days (Range = 1 day-12 months). When explaining what they thought about when forming their expectations, participants referenced numerous considerations. Much of what was spoken about could be compartmentalized to reflect features of themselves, their condition, or their broader environmental contexts. Participant’s subjective experience of these features influenced his or her expectations. Prominent themes included concerns about employability, a desire to get back to normal, no job to go back to, mixed emotions, re-injury concerns, the judgments of workplace stakeholders, being needed by their employer, waiting for input, until the money runs out, and working out what was in their best interest. Conclusions Indications are that many of the reported considerations are amenable to intervention, suggesting opportunities to assist workers in the process of returning to work.
Clinical and Educational Gaps in Diagnosis of Nail Disorders

Dermatologists care for skin, hair, and nails, yet many dermatologists find nail disorders challenging. Practice gaps in knowledge, skill, and attitude in clinical practice and resident education are sometimes impediments to timely medical and surgical diagnosis of nail disorders. Limited resident exposure to diagnosis and management of complicated nail disorders and lack of experience performing diagnostic and surgical procedures impairs progress toward surmounting these gaps.
Michael Mann - Cinema and Television: Interviews, 1980-2012

This reader is the first to bring together a selection of Mann's own interviews where he reflects on his film and television productions. The sixteen interviews provide historical context, interpretation and evaluation of the auteur's work. They encompass his entire career as a feature filmmaker and television producer/director as he and others reflect on his themes, working methods, artistic development and career achievements. The book aims to open up Mann's body of work, making it available for comparison with the work of his contemporaries, and to provide fresh insights into his film and television work. A substantive introductory essay, chronology and filmography provide additional bases for understanding the interviews, essays and work of this major filmmaker.Key Features* The first reader on Michael Mann *Includes three interviews originally published in French periodicals and translated for this volume *Open up Mann's body of work, making it available for comparison with the work of his contemporaries
Surfactant-Wrapped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Aquatic Systems: Surfactant Displacement in the Presence of Humic Acid.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) facilitates multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) debundling and enhances nanotube stability in the aqueous environment by adsorbing on the nanotube surfaces, thereby increasing repulsive electrostatic forces and steric effects. The resulting SDS-wrapped MWCNTs are utilized in industrial applications and have been widely employed in environmental studies. In the present study, MWCNTs adsorbed SDS during ultrasonication to form stable MWCNTs suspensions. Desorption of SDS from MWCNTs surfaces was then investigated as a function of Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and background electrolyte concentrations. Due to hydrophobic effects and π–π interactions, MWCNTs exhibit higher affinity for SRHA than SDS. In the presence of SRHA, SDS adsorbed on MWCNTs was displaced. Cations (Na+, Ca2+) decreased SDS desorption from MWCNTs due to charge screening effects. Interestingly, the presence of the divalent calcium cation facilitated multilayered SRHA adsorption on MWCNTs through bridging ef...
Labor in a Changing America

(1968). Labor in a Changing America. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 113-117.
OrcO: a concurrency-first approach to objects

The majority of modern programming languages provide concurrency and object-orientation in some form. However, object-oriented concurrency remains cumbersome in many situations. We introduce the language OrcO, Orc with concurrent Objects, which enables a flexible style of concurrent object-oriented programming. OrcO extends the Orc programming language by adding abstractions for programming-in-the-large; namely objects, classes, and inheritance. OrcO objects are designed to be orthogonal to concurrency, allowing the concurrent structure and object structure of a program to evolve independently. This paper describes OrcO's goals and design and provides examples of how OrcO can be used to deftly handle events, object management, and object composition.
Analyzing the Contemporary Czech Literary Web

It has become difficult to evaluate and gauge the extent of the ever-expanding Czech literary web. This article focuses on analyzing the current status of the Czech literary web and associated onli...
Abnormal Follicular Keratinization

Abnormal keratinization appears to be one of the earliest events in acne and results in the impaction of sebaceous follicles with lamellae of adherent follicular horny cells. This impacted follicle can evolve into a mature comedo, papule, or pustule depending upon secondary factors such as increased production of sebum or increased bacterial (P. acnes) metabolites. This review details the histologic and ultrastructural features of the normal sebaceous follicle and contrasts them with changes that occur during abnormal follicular keratinization.
A Study of farm animals near 765kV transmission lines

A two-year study on 11 cattle farms through which overhead power cables passed showed no apparent effects on health, behaviour or performance by electric or magnetic fields created by the 765kV line.
An Evaluation of the Effects of Antecedent Exercise Type on Stereotypic Behaviors

This study examined the effects of two types of physical activities on stereotypic behaviors (SBs) and task engagement of young children with autism spectrum disorder. Locomotor activities and object manipulation activities were applied to three preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. A multi-element design with a three-component test sequence (Morrison et al. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44, 523–541, 2011) was used to identify changes in SBs and task engagement in the following three consecutive 5-min phases: pre-physical activity (pre-PA), physical activity (PA), and post-physical activity (post-PA). For the locomotor activity condition, all participants engaged in less SBs in post-PA compared to pre-PA, while increased SBs were observed in post-PA compared to pre-PA for the object manipulation activity condition. Positive effects of locomotor activities on task engagement were found, but the effects were clear to only one of the three participants.
Magnetless non-reciprocal components based on spatio-temporal conductivity-modulation

Non-reciprocal components, such isolators and circulators, have a wide range of applications at radio frequencies and millimeter-waves in wireless communications and radar systems, to name a few. We demonstrate that by modulating the conductivity around a delay medium, non-magnetic, low-loss, compact and broadband non-reciprocity can be achieved. CMOS circulators at 750 MHz and 28 GHz validate our claims.
The Madness of Insane Delusions

In the United States, the law of wills professes to be organized around the principle of freedom of testation. “Work and earn and save,” it says, “so that you can pass your wealth to whomever you please.” This principle is attractive, but it simply is not borne out in the administration of too many testators’ estates. Rather, judges and juries routinely substitute their preferred distributions for testators’ expressed preferences. One particularly troubling situation arises when a testator attempts to pass her estate to an organization that champions unpopular beliefs. If the judge or jury dislikes the testator’s beliefs, they may be tempted to invalidate the devise as the product of an insane delusion. Sometimes these supposed “delusions” have been beliefs about divisive social issues—like advancing women in the early twentieth century. Other supposed “delusions” have been religious beliefs that depart from the mainstream faiths. Allowing judges and juries to label these beliefs “delusional” does not further testamentary freedom. Rather, it substitutes majoritarian preferences for the counter-majoritarian views of the testator. This is a dangerous proposition. It was once regarded as fact that the Earth was flat. Now the prevalent view is that the Earth is round. Should a devise that champions either one of those ideas be labeled “delusional”? Unfortunately, the outcome may be dictated by the popular opinion of the testator’s times. This Article shares two ideas for reform. First, the doctrine of insane delusions should not be applied to devises that seek to advance beliefs, ideas, or viewpoints. There is just too great of a risk that judges and juries will strike down such devises when the testator’s viewpoints diverge from their own. Second, the time may have come to admit that the law of wills is not as committed to the principle of testamentary freedom as it is often espoused to be. The literature is rife with examples of a latent norm of familial support. Currently, this norm is expressed when judges and juries manipulate flexible doctrines to distribute a decedent’s estate to her family members against her stated preferences. Perhaps it is time for the law to expressly acknowledge that familial support is important in our society and reserve a share of every decedent’s estate for distribution to the decedent’s family. The second proposal set forth in this Article, “the forced intestate share,” would compel distribution of a portion of each estate to the decedent’s intestate takers. Adopting some version of this proposal may actually afford testators with greater testamentary freedom overall because, by expressly fulfilling the norm of familial support, it would reduce decisionmakers’ biased tendencies to invalidate devises to non-family members. Indeed, the counterintuitive solution to achieving greater actual testamentary freedom may be to remove testators’ control over some share of their estate through a forced intestate share.
Spectrum-Based Alignment of In-Vacuum Undulators in a Low-Emittance Storage Ring

In-vacuum undulators (IVU) [1–7] are used extensively at light source facilities, in particular at medium-energy storage rings, where these devices are the main sources of high-brightness hard X-ra...
The Effect of Graphic Warnings on Sugary-Drink Purchasing:

Governments have proposed text warning labels to decrease consumption of sugary drinks-a contributor to chronic diseases such as diabetes. However, they may be less effective than more evocative, graphic warning labels. We field-tested the effectiveness of graphic warning labels (vs. text warning labels, calorie labels, and no labels), provided insight into psychological mechanisms driving effectiveness, and assessed consumer sentiment. Study 1 indicated that graphic warning labels reduced the share of sugary drinks purchased in a cafeteria from 21.4% at baseline to 18.2%-an effect driven by substitution of water for sugary drinks. Study 2 showed that graphic warning labels heighten negative affect and prompt consideration of health consequences. Study 3 indicated that public support for graphic warning labels can be increased by conveying effectiveness information. These findings could spur more effective labeling policies that facilitate healthier choices, do not decrease overall beverage purchases, and are publicly accepted.
Cell Biology of Myelin Assembly

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the mechanisms by which myelin-forming cells expand and polarize their surface membranes into multiple domains. Polarized membrane assembly is a complex process, requiring the coordinated synthesis, transport, and sorting of proteins and lipids. Studies of simpler model systems such as polarized epithelial cells and synaptic exocytosis have provided valuable insights into myelin biogenesis. Myelin production is exceptional, however, in the magnitude of membrane biogenesis, the complex domain structure of the myelin membranes, and the need to coordinate membrane biosynthesis with axonal properties. Thus, it seems likely that Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes can also utilize novel components or mechanisms. Processes unique to either Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes are highlighted. In addition, sites of synthesis of myelin proteins and their distribution in the myelin internode are described. Concepts of myelin assembly continues to evolve as imaging and allied technologies advance, and as new mechanisms of membrane organization, cell adhesion and signal transduction, and intracellular protein and lipid trafficking come to light.
Principles and Application of Positron Emission Tomography in Neuroscience

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a new nuclear medicine technique which evolved from the need to establish the relationship among the functional activity of the brain, its metabolic rate, and its anatomic structure. This technique allows the detection of the three-dimensional distribution within the brain of a previously administered positron-emitting radionuclide. Although similar in principle to quantitative autoradiography, it has the advantage of providing functional information of a structure in a living organism. Positron emission tomography incorporates principles from both transmission computed tomography and the uptake and flow techniques initially developed by Kety and Schmidt1 but has the advantage of being able to give information for localized regions of the brain. This information is based on the detection of the annihilation energy produced when a positron emitted from a radionuclide-labeled compound interacts with an electron in the tissue.
RF Aspects of High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (HF-MRI): Recent Advances

High-field magnetic resonance imaging (HF-MRI) brings superior imaging with high contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For scanning systems higher than 3.0 T and Larmor frequencies above 128 MHz, wavelength and higher tissue conductivity can cause distortion of the electromagnetic fields, leading to degraded image quality. This paper will show current trends in HF-MRI to mitigate some of these issues and provide a linkage between traditional MRI components and novel structures for HF-MRI. Transmit and receive structures, as well as the use of metamaterials for improved excitation and SNR, will be covered. Other examples of these recent trends will be potential antenna structures to replace current coil-based technology, and then finally, receiver/patient protection circuits will be covered.
Happy 150th Birthday to the Periodic Table

How many candles?! The year 2019 has been named as the International Year of the Periodic Table in accordance with Mendeleev's work from 1869. In line with other celebratory events and articles to be found this year in Chemistry-A European Journal, here, Eric R. Scerri provides an historical account of the development of the periodic table and some of the debates and considerations surrounding this fundamental elementary ensemble.
Case Study Investigations and Design-Build Proposal near Gisenyi, Rwanda

This research evaluates architectural responses to peacebuilding and modernization in Rwanda since the 1994 genocide. It proposes a collection of case studies and analyzes the effectiveness of architectural methods that respond to specific programs while maintaining a sensitivity to the political and cultural climate. It identifies the conceptual and practical logic behind design through the selection of local material, empowering unskilled workers, responding to the context, and establishing a positive relationship with members of the community. As an additional frame of reference, this research analyzes the design-build pedagogy at the University of Florida School of Architecture to understand practical implication in Rwanda. These projects collectively serve as a reference for proposing a small-scale design-build initiative with local Rwandan members of a pottery and dance cooperative in Gisenyi, Rwanda, where the University of Florida Arts in Medicine Program has identified a need for improving and building upon the existing facilities.
The benefits of limiting scheduled blood draws in children with a blunt liver or spleen injury.

Abstract Background Nonoperative management protocols of blunt liver and spleen injury in children usually call for serial monitoring of the child's hemoglobin and hematocrit (H/H) at scheduled intervals. We previously demonstrated that the need for emergent intervention is triggered by changes in vital signs, not the findings of scheduled blood draws and changed our protocol accordingly. The current aim is to evaluate the safety of this change. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all children admitted following blunt liver or spleen injury during two periods; the historic cohort 1/09–12/13 and the protocol cohort 8/15–7/17. Data evaluated included the need for intervention, number of H/H checks, and outcomes. Results 330 children were included (216 historic; 114 protocol). Groups did not differ in percentage of male patients, injury severity score, or GCS. Median age in the historic cohort was younger than the protocol cohort (9 vs 12 years; p = 0.02). More children in the protocol group had a grade 5 injury (1% vs 9%; p Conclusions Decreasing the number of scheduled blood draws following a blunt liver or spleen injury in children is safe. Additional benefits include a decrease in the number of blood draws and a decrease in length of hospital stay. Study type Cost-effectiveness. Level of evidence Level III.
Assessing the impact of factors on parental grief among older Chinese parents

A sample of 206 older Chinese bereaved parents was recruited and the effects of attachment style, coping strategy, social support, and spirituality on parental grief were investigated utilizing structural equation modeling. The results revealed problem-focused and dysfunctional coping strategy, insecure attachment style, less social support from family and friends would likely lead to higher levels of parental grief. The study explored how the unique context of Chinese culture and policies may shape the severity and duration of parental grief. It provides a baseline to understand the complexity of parental grief in China and to design and improve future interventions.
The influence of race and sex on gonorrhea and chlamydia treatment in the emergency department.

Abstract Background Emergency Departments (EDs) are a care source for patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). St. Louis, MO reports among the highest rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia infection. We examined STD treatment in a high-volume urban ED, in St. Louis MO, to identify factors that may influence treatment. Methods A retrospective chart review and analysis was conducted on visits to a high volume, academic ED in St. Louis, MO where patients received a gonorrhea/chlamydia nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) with a valid matching test result over two years. Using multiple logistic regression, we examined available predictors for under and overtreatment. Results NAATs were performed on 3.3% of all ED patients during the study period. Overall prevalence was 6.9% for gonorrhea (95% CI: 6.2, 7.7) and 11.6% for chlamydia (95% CI: 10.6, 12.5). Race was not a statistically significant predictor for undertreatment but Black patients were significantly more likely to be overtreated compared to White patients. (OR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.5, 2.2). Females were more likely to be undertreated when positive for infection compared to males (OR 7.34, 95% CI: 4.8, 11.2) and less likely to be overtreated when negative for infection (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.3). Conclusion The burden of STDs in a high-volume academic ED was significant and treatment varied across groups. Attention should be paid to particular groups, specifically women and patients reporting Black as their race, to ensure appropriate treatment is administered. Patients would benefit from targeted STD management protocols and training in the ED.
Vitro: Designing a Voice Assistant for the Scientific Lab Workplace

This paper investigates whether voice assistants can play a useful role in the specialized work-life of the knowledge worker (in a biology lab). It is motivated both by promising advances in voice-input technology, and a long-standing vision in the community to augment scientific processes with voice-based agents. Through a reflection on our design process and a limited but fully functional prototype, Vitro, we find that scientists wanted a voice-enabled device that acted not a lab assistant, but lab equipment. Second, we discovered that such a device would need to be deeply embedded in the physical and social space in which it served scientists. Finally, we discovered that scientists preferred a device that supported their practice of "careful deviation" from protocols in their lab work. Through this research, we contribute implications for the design of voice-enabled systems in workplace settings.
The Binomial Theorem

You may have wondered why the numbers \(\left( {\begin{array}{c}n\\ k\end{array}}\right) \) are called binomial coefficients, and not the “choice numbers” or “combination numbers” or something related to subsets. Why “binomial”? We’ll see why in this chapter, which begins a theme for us: encoding combinatorial results algebraically.
Algebraic model for extremely unlikely resist dissolution events

The inherent local inhomogeneity in a uniformly average distribution of dissolution aiding events is shown through an algebraic model to be the likely source of missing contacts in projection printing in positive photoresist resist. A granular model of dissolution with voxels 1-3% of a contact core volume having Poisson statistics is used to show that a configuration of 5-10 voxels with stochastically low dissolution aiding events can block a resist etch front or polymer disentanglement at nominal exposure conditions. To drive missing contact error rates to 10-13 for 25 nm contacts requires increasing the normal event density by 59% which is 8-9% per decade error rate reduction. In scaling, the event density increases as the inverse of the cube of contact size. For 12 nm contacts an alternating phaseshifting mask may be enabling.
Abstract 22: Toward automated design of mutant-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors using dynamic pharmacophore mapping and machine learning

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) constitute one of the most significant classes of oncologic therapeutic targets. For over a decade, all-atom molecular simulations have been employed to probe the determinants of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) selectivity. Today, we recognize that sequence and dynamical differences in key regions of kinases, such as the glycine-rich loop, DFG-motif, hinge-binding domain, and gatekeeper region, all contribute to the variability in TKI potency and selectivity across the kinome. This knowledge led to the structure-based rational design of the TKI osimertinib, which preferentially binds to the EGFR-T790M resistance mutant over wild-type EGFR. More recently, we demonstrated that a newly-identified EGFR osimertinib resistance mutation, G724S, develops in specific sequence variants of Ex19Del, but not in L858R, and we were able to attribute these differences to detailed changes in EGFR dynamics. Here, we present a strategy that leverages differences in protein dynamics between mutants to guide the design of mutant-selective inhibitors. Our algorithm employs machine learning-guided Monte Carlo-Metropolis (MCM) sampling of medicinal chemistry modifications to small-molecule scaffolds. The molecules are iteratively filtered through a pharmacophore map of the protein-ligand complex, where the softness of the edges scales with a molecular dynamics-derived measure of each residue’s flexibility with respect to the ligand. Citation Format: Benjamin P. Brown, Jeffrey Mendenhall, Christine Lovly, Jens Meiler. Toward automated design of mutant-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors using dynamic pharmacophore mapping and machine learning [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advancing Precision Medicine Drug Development: Incorporation of Real-World Data and Other Novel Strategies; Jan 9-12, 2020; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 22.
Neural correlates of daily function: A pilot study of the white matter retrogenesis hypothesis and three separate performance-based functional assessments.

OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence points to mild alterations in everyday functioning early in the course of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), despite prior research suggesting functional declines occur primarily in later stages. However, daily function assessment is typically accomplished with subjective self- or informant-report, which can be prone to error due to various factors. Performance-based functional assessments (PBFAs) allow for objective evaluation of daily function abilities, but little is known on their sensitivity to the earliest ADRD-related brain alterations. We aimed to determine the neural correlates of three different PBFAs in a pilot study. METHOD A total of 40 older participants (age = 70.9 ± 6.5 years; education = 17.0 ± 2.6 years; 51.5% female; 10.0% non-White; 67.5% cognitively normal) completed standardized PBFAs related to medication management (MM), finances (FIN), and communication abilities (COM). Participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans, from which mean fractional anisotropy (FA) composite scores of late- (LMF) and early myelinated (EMF) fibers were calculated. Linear regression analyses controlling for age and global cognition were used to assess the relationship of PBFAs with FA. RESULTS Better performance on MM was associated with higher mean FA on LMF composite (t38 = 2.231, p = .032), while FIN and COM were not (ps > .05). PBFAs were not associated with EMF (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings demonstrate better performance on a PBFA of medication management is associated with higher FA in late-myelinated white matter tracts. Despite a small sample size, these results are consistent with growing evidence that performance-based functional assessments may be a useful tool in identifying early changes related to ADRD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Prevalence of lateral patellofemoral maltracking and associated complications in patients with Osgood Schlatter disease

To evaluate adults with history of Osgood Schlatter disease (OSD) for imaging features of lateral patellofemoral maltracking. In a span of four years, 10,181 unique non-contrast knee MRIs were performed on patients aged 20–50. Patients with acute trauma, prior surgery, and synovial pathologies were excluded. 171 exams had imaging findings of OSD, and an age-matched control group of 342 patients without OSD was randomly selected. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed MRIs for features of lateral patellofemoral maltracking. Maltracking was defined as edema in superolateral Hoffa’s fat or a tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance ≥20 mm with either patellar tilt/translation. Binomial logistic regression identified predictors of maltracking in OSD. Optimal TT-TG distance to indicate maltracking was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve. 59% (101/171) of the knees with OSD showed findings of maltracking, with patella alta, trochlear dysplasia, and quadriceps tendinosis as significant predictors of maltracking (p < 0.001). Patellofemoral chondrosis was present in 63% (107/171), with maltracking contributing to higher grade chondrosis more so than increasing age (OR 8.4 versus 1.07). 13 mm was the optimal cut-off TT-TG distance to indicate maltracking (sensitivity 83%, specificity 80%). The prevalence of maltracking in the control group was 15% (p < 0.001 compared with the OSD group). Adults with sequelae of OSD are at high risk of maltracking and are likely to develop patellofemoral chondrosis. A lower threshold for identifying maltracking patients, including a lower cut-off TT-TG distance can help identify those at risk. Radiologists should maintain a high index of suspicion for maltracking in adults with OSD to guide clinical intervention.
Control Oriented Learning in the Era of Big Data

Recent advances in control, coupled with an exponential growth in data gathering capabilities, have made feasible a wide range of applications that can profoundly impact society. Yet, achieving this vision requires addressing the challenge of extracting control relevant information from large amounts of data, a problem that has proven to be surprisingly difficult. While modern machine learning techniques can handle very large data sets, most control oriented learning algorithms struggle with a few thousand points. The goal of this letter is to point out the reason why dynamic data is challenging and to indicate strategies to overcome this challenge. The main message is twofold (i) computational complexity in control oriented learning is driven both by system order and the presence of uncertainty, rather than the dimension of the data, and (ii) exploiting the underlying sparsity provides a way around the “curse of dimensionality”.
Sensegathering and iteration: The evolution of a character education framework in higher education

In this study, we investigate how the stakeholders of one college of education in a public university integrated a framework of character education into its institutional culture. Building on the n...
ResNet and CycleGAN for pulse shape discrimination of He-4 detector pulses: Recovering pulses conventional algorithms fail to label unanimously.

Abstract Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capable detectors, such as He-4, that respond to neutron and gamma-ray interactions have a threshold deposited energy value below which n/γ discrimination vanishes when using conventional PSD algorithms. Recent attempts in applying supervised learning based artificial neural networks for PSD use the pulses in the separated regions to train the networks so they can be used to classify another set of separated pulses. In doing so, pulses previously indistinguishable are not recovered for classification, which would have increased the number of neutron and gamma-ray pulses that could be used for further analysis. Assuming the reason why conventional PSD algorithms have unseparated regions is because the parameter space of the algorithms fail to capture the intrinsic (but subtle) distinguishing behavior of some of the neutron and gamma-ray pulses, a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) was trained to amplify those differences and extract well separated neutron and gamma-ray clusters. Results show that, once the network is trained with pulses from separated and unseparated regions, it was able to transform the pulses in the unseparated region to improve the PSD. Subsequent n/γ classification was performed using deep residual network (ResNet) that takes pulses with 512 data points as an input. Two different ResNets were explored – simple ResNet and modified ResNet which takes segmented pulse inputs in the first layer and the corresponding time axis values in the last hidden layer. The later approach enables the network to extract time correlated pulse features to enhance its ability to capture the pulse behaviors relevant for PSD. Although it achieves slightly lower accuracy, 99.41% versus 99.89%, based on simply counting the number of correct n/γ labels assigned, compared to the simple ResNet, the modified ResNets architecture was able to decreases the cross-entropy loss function by half, which implies that the correct n/γ labels assigned are less likely to be accidental. PSD parameter distributions based on n/γ classification by ResNet before and after transforming unseparated pulses using CycleGAN show that by enhancing the separation between neutrons and gamma-rays, the transformation helps improve the performance of classifier networks that are trained using labeled dataset. The enhancement of neutron and gamma-ray separation by the CycleGAN increased the PSD figure of merit (FOM) by up to 70% in some regions. The results show that, if a given detector achieves clear separation between neutron and gamma-ray pulses in any energy region, such neural network approaches can help lower the energy threshold for the separation and increasing the number of neutron and gamma-ray pulses that can be used for further analysis.
Rodent Model of Pediatric Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest

A model of asphyxial cardiac arrest in post-natal day 17 rats is described. This clinically relevant model includes a period of hypoxemia followed by ischemia and resuscitation. Continuous physiologic monitoring is performed before, during and after the insult. Graded insults produce consistent and dose dependent brain injury with histological damage and behavioral impairment. The details of the procedures, along with outcome assessments and applications are discussed.
Adjacency Functions and Their Topological Effects

An adjacency function AF can be used to transform a given (original) network into a new network, i.e., A original is transformed into A = AFA original. We introduce several useful adjacency functions and show how they can be used to construct networks, e.g., the power adjacency function AF power (), which raises each adjacency to a fixed power β, can be used to construct weighted correlation networks. In general, adjacency functions depend on parameter values, e.g., AF power depends on the power β. The choice of these parameter values can be informed by topological criteria based on network concepts. For example, we describe the scale-free topology criterion that considers the effect of the AF parameters on the scale-free topology fitting index. The power adjacency function can also be used to calibrate one network with respect to another network, which is often a prerequisite for differential network analysis or for consensus module detection. If an adjacency function (e.g., AF power ) is defined via a monotonically increasing real-valued function, then it is called rank-preserving since the ranking of the original adjacencies equals that of the transformed adjacencies. The terminology of “rank-equivalence” and “threshold-equivalence” between adjacency functions, networks, and network construction methods allows us (a) to provide a general definition of a correlation network and (b) to study the relationships between different network construction methods.
The African American Vote: Impact on United States Presidential Elections

In recent years, the number of African Americans registering and actually voting in national elections has increased significantly. In some states, particularly in the South, the percentage of African Americans actually registered to vote has increased by more than 70 percent since the 1960's. In addition, the number of African Americans in the United States has increased dramatically during this time period. Clearly, these changes in political participation and demographics have an impact on local state and national elections. In the contemporary perspective, very few studies examine the specific impact of the African American vote on presidential elections. This paper is an attempt to better understand the extent to which African Americans influence the outcome of presidential elections and focuses primarily on African American voter participation in key electoral states.
ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY FROM THE PULMONARY ARTERY: A CLINICAL SPECTRUM.

Abstract Five cases of an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery have been presented. These illustrate different phases in the clinical spectrum of this anomaly. Two patients who presented with congestive failure and classic signs of myocardial infarction in early infancy underwent surgical ligation of the anomalous vessel. One survived and one died postoperatively, possibly with secondary residual mitral insufficiency as a contributory factor. Congestive failure and a clinical picture of mitral insufficiency developed in one other child at 1 year of age, and she died 10 months later with unremitting failure. Two children who were in failure in infancy, 1 with evidence of myocardial ischemia, have had a benign clinical course since that time. The clinical course and appropriate management of a patient would appear to depend upon the degree of development of the coronary collateral circulation. Some of the factors influencing the adequacy of these collateral vessels are postulated, including the presence of collateral channels at birth and the stimulation of new vessels by ischemia as the pulmonary arterial pressure falls. In those patients in whom the collateral circulation is adequate enough to allow survival, the clinical picture may be dominated by mitral regurgitation resulting from endocardial fibrosis with dilatation of the mitral valve ring.