cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Gabor feature classifier for face recognition

This paper describes a novel Gabor feature classifier (GFC) method for face recognition. The GFC method employs an enhanced Fisher discrimination model on an augmented Gabor feature vector, which is derived from the Gabor wavelet transformation of face images. The Gabor wavelets, whose kernels are similar to the 2D receptive field profiles of the mammalian cortical simple cells, exhibit desirable characteristics of spatial locality and orientation selectivity. As a result, the Gabor transformed face images produce salient local and discriminating features that are suitable for face recognition. The feasibility of the new GFC method has been successfully tested on face recognition using 600 FERET frontal face images, which involve different illumination and varied facial expressions of 200 subjects. The effectiveness of the novel GFC method is shown in terms of both absolute performance indices and comparative performance against some popular face recognition schemes such as the eigenfaces method and some other Gabor wavelet based classification methods. In particular, the novel GFC method achieves 100% recognition accuracy using only 62 features.
Efficient localized routing for wireless ad hoc networks

We consider a wireless ad hoc network consisting of n points randomly distributed In a two-dimensional plane. We show that, with high probability, we can locally find a path for any pair of nodes such that the length of the path is no more than a constant factor of the minimum. By assuming each node knows its position, the method decides where to forward the message purely based on the positions of current node, its neighbors, and the positions of the source and the target. Our method is based on a novel structure called localized Delaunay triangulation [1] and an efficient localized routing method [2] that guarantees that the distance traveled by the packets is no more than a small constant factor of the minimum when the Delaunay triangulation of wireless nodes are known. Our experiments show that the delivery rates of existing localized routing protocols are increased when localized Delaunay triangulation is used instead of several previously proposed topologies, and the localized routing protocol based on Delaunay triangulation works well in practice. We also conducted extensive simulations of another localized routing protocol, FACE method [3]. The path found by this protocol is also reasonably good compared with previous one although it cannot guarantee a constant approximation on the length of the path traveled theoretically.
Mechanism of asthmatic exacerbation by ambient air pollution particles

In the previous two to three decades, the prevalence of asthma has risen in numerous countries of the world. Correlating with this elevated prevalence of asthma, societies have observed increased air pollution from specific sources. Studies have implicated certain pollutants in asthmatic exacerbation. Particulate matter (PM) is the pollutant most frequently identified with worsening of this airway disease. PM is a temporally and spatially shifting suspension of solids and liquids originating from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Exposures to elevated levels of PM have been associated with asthmatic exacerbations by employing a diverse array of end points, including respiratory symptoms, use of medication, medical visits, emergency room visits, hospital admissions and pulmonary function decrements. Pertinent to worsening of asthma by ambient air PM, there are other particle-associated exposures that similarly precipitate asthmatic exacerbations. These include traffic-associated pollutants, diesel ex...
Time- and spectral-domain evolution of subpicosecond pulses in semiconductor optical amplifiers.

The evolution of ultrashort pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers is modeled, including the effects of gain dispersion, slow and fast carrier dynamics, and self-phase modulation, which includes an instantaneous response (n2). The temporal and spectral evolution of 2-ps and 500-fs pulses differ considerably. This is due mainly to saturation caused by the fast (heating) dynamics and to the phase modulation by n2.
Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx

In this chapter, we discuss issues frequently encountered in the oral cavity (including buccal mucosa and tongue), pharynx (oropharynx, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx including the base of tongue, tonsils, soft palate, and uvula), and larynx (including supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis). We lump these organs together not only because of their proximal anatomic relations, but also because of the commonality between lesions seen in these organs. Another shared characteristic is that the pathologic assessment of precursor lesions is similar throughout the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT).
Adventitious sporulation in Fusarium: The yeast that were not

In immunocompromised patients, Fusarium species cause infections that lead to high mortality. Our case report describes a case of disseminated fusariosis in a neutropenic patient with AML after myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and a neutropenic multiple myeloma patient with Fusarium fungemia awaiting stem cell collection. Both cases highlight the fact that Fusarium can grow as yeast-like structures in the blood causing a delay in diagnosis, and that Fusarium has a tendency to be a resistant organism. Fusarium was only susceptible to amphotericin B in both cases, but we chose to continue treatment with voriconazole in the first case with disseminated infection, despite culture results, in view of his good clinical response. Despite high mortality rates in disseminated infection, our two patients had good outcomes.
Infrared Spectra of Globular Proteins in Aqueous Solution

Globular proteins exist in their native state in aqueous environments. However, the most detailed structural models for protein conformation are obtained in the solid state by X-ray diffraction of single crystals [1], These solid state structures cannot be assumed to remain invariant upon dissolution in aqueous media [2]. Vibrational spectroscopy is sensitive to conformational changes in biopolymers, and it can be used to obtain structural information in both the solid and solution states. Vibrational spectra are most commonly obtained by infrared absorption and Raman scattering techniques. The information obtained from these methods are highly complementary [3]. Raman spectroscopy has been used to study globular proteins in both the solid and aqueous phases [4], while infrared spectroscopy has been fundamental in determining the secondary conformation of fibrous proteins in their native solid state. Infrared absorption studies of aqueous solutions of globular proteins have been severely limited due to the strong interferring H2O absorption [5], The majority of infrared solution studies have been concerned with the amide I and amide II bands in D2O solutions [5], However, the amide frequencies observed in D2O solution are affected by hydrogen-deuterium exchange in the peptide groups [5], Infrared studies of globular proteins in H2O has been limited to the amide I region of myoglobin, a-lactoglobulin, and a-casein, and the spectra were obtained by extremely difficult and tedious differential techniques [6].
Vulnerability Described Through Networks

In this chapter we discuss research findings from social network analysis relevant to vulnerability theory. Although the invention and use of network methods predates the creation of vulnerability theory by 40 years (Moreno, 1934; O’Keefe, Westgate, & Wisner, 1976) the application of network analysis to vulnerability theory has been quite recent and limited. Nevertheless, network methods are well suited to address several of the general assumptions underlying vulnerability theory. We expect vulnerability researchers in the future to make increasing use of network methods.
The Somatomedin Binding Proteins

The majority of steroidal and thyroid hormones are carried in plasma on specific macromolecular binding proteins. Peptide hormones, such as growth hormone and insulin, circulate free in plasma rather than in macromolecular complexes and do not have specific plasma binding proteins. An exception to this generalization is the somatomedin/insulinlike growth factor (SM/IGF) group of hormonal peptides. From the early observations of Daughaday and Kipnis on “sulfation factor”(1) it was apparent that the bulk of this bioactivity was a nondialyzable macromolocule. Similarly, it was clear from early parallel work on the “nonsuppressible insulinlike activity” (NSILA)(2) that this biological activity was also carried as a macromolecule in native plasma. However, a portion of the NSILA was soluble in acid-ethanol and became a small peptide of 5000–10,000 daltons under these conditions (NSILA-S). It was independently shown that essentially all of the sulfation factor bioactivity was converted under acid conditions to a 5000- to 10,000-dalton peptide.(3) This similarity in the behavior of sulfation factor and NSILA-S was one of the pieces of evidence that led to the realization that these two bioactivities were the same substance, and the general designation somatomedin (SM)(4) was proposed. Since then, two human SM peptides have been sequenced by Rinderknecht and Humbel; insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I)(5) and insulinlike growth factor II (IGF-II).(6) IGF-I is identical or nearly so with SMC.(7)
A Bicycle-Based Field Measurement System for the Study of Thermal Exposure in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA

Collecting a fine scale of microclimate data can help to determine how physical characteristics (e.g., solar radiation, albedo, sky view factor, vegetation) contribute to human exposure to ground and air temperatures. These data also suggest how urban design strategies can reduce the negative impacts of the urban heat island effect. However, urban microclimate measurement poses substantial challenges. For example, data taken at local airports are not representative of the conditions at the neighborhood or district level because of variation in impervious surfaces, vegetation, and waste heat from vehicles and buildings. In addition, fixed weather stations cannot be deployed quickly to capture data from a heat wave. While remote sensing can provide data on land cover and ground surface temperatures, resolution and cost remain significant limitations. This paper describes the design and validation of a mobile measurement bicycle. This bicycle permits movement from space to space within a city to assess the physical and thermal properties of microclimates. The construction of the vehicle builds on investigations of the indoor thermal environment of buildings using thermal comfort carts.
Socially Responsible Investments: Goody-Two-Shoes or Bad to the Bone?

Using a database containing 117 U.S. socially responsible mutual funds (SRMFs), we review and extend previous research on ethical mutual fund managers9 performance in terms of selectivity, net selectivity, diversification and market timing. By using appropriate style benchmarks, we solve the benchmark problem from which most prior ethical studies suffered. We find evidence of significant differences in net selectivity between ethical and conventional funds for the 1984-2003 period. Socially responsible mutual fund managers show poor selectivity, net selectivity and market timing ability as compared to Lippers active benchmark indices. Diversification is significantly different from zero, indicating that SRMFs bear a cost for their lack of diversification. We also find that the size of the fund has nothing to do with its performance. However, older funds tend to have worse selectivity, as well as the highest cost for a lack of diversification. Finally, we observe that SRMFs with the most ethical screens have the least selectivity and net selectivity.
Rap, Race and the (Re)Production of Boundaries:

This study contributes to the literature on symbolic boundaries through an analysis of print media discourses that framed the meanings of rap as it entered the musical mainstream. The authors find ...
American Carnage: Wounded Knee, 1890

On December 29, 1890, members of the United States Seventh Cavalry massacred hundreds of Lakota men, women, and children. Eyewitness accounts tell of the horrors experienced that day. Stories of in...
Planning and Function Analysis of Jingdezhen Ceramic Logistics Center

Ceramic global sourcing centers in Jingdezhen is committed to make strategy,build a modern logistics center is a key project. Ceramic logistics center planning should pay attention to function analysis,design capability analysis,operation strategy analysis and the application of information technology. In the four integrated framework,improve overall efficiency and the level of logistics.
Role of carriers in the transmission of pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)

In the absence of livestock contact, recurring lamb mortality in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations previously exposed to pneumonia indicates the likely presence of carriers of pneumonia-causing pathogens, and possibly inadequate maternally derived immunity. To investigate this problem we commingled naive, pregnant ewes (n=3) with previously exposed rams (n=2). Post-commingling, all ewes and lambs born to them acquired pneumonia-causing pathogens (leukotoxin-producing Pasteurellaceae and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae), with subsequent lamb mortality between 4-9 weeks of age. Infected ewes became carriers for two subsequent years and lambs born to them succumbed to pneumonia. In another experiment, we attempted to suppress the carriage of leukotoxin-producing Pasteurellaceae by administering an antibiotic to carrier ewes, and evaluated lamb survival. Lambs born to both treatment and control ewes (n=4 each) acquired pneumonia and died. Antibody titers against leukotoxin-producing Pasteurellaceae in all eight ewes were 'protective' (>1:800 and no apparent respiratory disease); however their lambs were either born with comparatively low titers, or with high (but non-protective) titers that declined rapidly within 2-8 weeks of age, rendering them susceptible to fatal disease. Thus, exposure to pneumonia-causing pathogens from carrier ewes, and inadequate titers of maternally derived protective antibodies, are likely to render bighorn lambs susceptible to fatal pneumonia.
Signal processing concepts help teach optical engineering

The challenge of teaching practical optical engineering in a single course can be overcome by taking advantage of existing student knowledge of signal processing concepts. Such an approach greatly facilitates student mastery of new topics. This paper describes how professors can use this technique to efficiently teach optical engineering.
Selective Excitation of Wavepacket Motion in the Condensed Phase Using Chirped Pulses

Chirped ultrashort pulses are used to selctively excite coherent wavepacket motion on either the ground or excited electronic states of the molecules LD690 and bacteriorhodopsin in room temperature liquid solutions.
Preparing for Supercomputing's Sixth Wave

After five decades of sustained progress, Moore's law appears to be reaching its limits. In order to sustain the dramatic improvements to which we have become accustomed, computing will need to transform to Kurzweil's sixth wave of computing. The supercomputing community will likely need to re-think most of its fundamental technologies and tools, spanning innovative materials and devices, circuits, system architectures, programming systems, system software, and applications. We already see evidence of this transition in the move to new architectures that employ heterogeneous processing, non-volatile memory, multimode memory hierarchies, and optical interconnection networks. In this talk, I will recap progress in these areas over the past three decades, discuss current solutions, and contemplate various future technologies that our community will need for continued progress in supercomputing.
Patterned thermal destruction in a forensic setting

This chapter discusses the patterned thermal destruction of human remains in a forensic setting. In the rapidly changing world of forensic science, more specifically forensic anthropology, there is a necessity to understand and be able to interpret fire modification of human remains. With the enormous potential for fire and heat alterations to inhibit scientists’ abilities to interpret patterns to human remains, burn trauma analysis is inconsistent and has been slow to mature in many disciplines. The destructive forces of fire often significantly alter, damage or even destroy many recognisable patterns, characteristics and evidence that we normally depend on. This likely contributes to the existence and persistence of old and untested theories concerning burned bone where inaccurate interpretations, such as exploding skulls, persist for decades and terminology is inconsistent. In fatal fire cases, forensic anthropologists are primarily responsible for separating perimortem trauma from heat-induced fractures and for assigning temporal and sequential designations to trauma when possible. These findings may contribute to the determination of cause and manner of death, time of death and perpetrator behaviour.
Oracle HTTP Server and WebGate Installation and Configuration

At this point, all of the required components of Oracle Identity and Access Management Suite that will be needed to provide single sign-on (SSO) with Oracle products and applications. The inclusion of Identity Manager provides the ability to manage users within the Oracle Internet Directory (OID) Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) user store. Oracle HTTP Server (OHS) and the Oracle Access Manager (OAM) WebGate represent the web server front end for Oracle applications and products. At its core OHS is an Apache web server with Oracle’s WebLogic module. Combined with the OAM WebGate software, OHS becomes a central location that handles incoming requests, checks for authentication, and allows authenticated users to access the required resources after OAM performs its operations. This chapter covers the installation and deployment of Oracle HTTP Server and the OAM Webgate.
Comparing Low-income Mothers' and Fathers' Concern for Young Children's Weight.

Abstract Purpose The objectives of this study were to compare the relationship of mother and father (1) perceived child weight and child body mass index (BMI) z -score, (2) concern for child's current weight and child BMI z -score, and (3) concern for child's future weight and child BMI z -score. Design and Methods This cross-sectional study included low-income mothers (n = 30) and fathers (n = 30) with a young child (3 to 10 years old) from the same household. Each parent completed select items from the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) with a trained interviewer. Child BMI z -score was calculated. Results There was a significant, positive relationship between fathers' perceived child weight and child BMI z -score (p = 0.006) and between fathers' concern for a child's future weight and child BMI z -score (p = 0.001) but not among mothers. Conclusions Cohabitating low-income parents of young children may have conflicting appraisals of their child's BMI z -score and concerns for their child's future weight, and low-income fathers may be more accurate and concerned about their children's weight. Practice Implications Based on findings from this study, healthcare providers including physicians and nurses should attempt to include fathers in discussions regarding their child's weight for obesity prevention, especially in low-income families.
Separation and electrochemical detection platform for portable individual PM2.5 monitoring

Airborne particulate matter (PM) pollution, especially fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller (PM2.5), has caused severe air quality issues that threaten human life and contribute to global mortality. Thus a low cost, portable or wearable platform for individual PM2.5 monitoring is of great interest. This paper introduces a platform for portable real-time PM2.5 monitoring that combines a particle separation microfluidic channel and electrochemical detection. The microfluidic device utilizes an I-shape pillar based deterministic lateral displacement method to achieve high separation efficiency of different particle sizes. Electrochemical detection was implemented for particles measurement to achieve high sensitivity and simplify the instrumentation compared to conventional optical methods. Both separation and detection results show that this platform is a promising option for portable PM2.5 monitoring.
Breaking Good: A Chemist Wanders into Entomology

In this highly personal account of my career in science, I try to show how many others influenced its course. I was able to abandon work in pure chemistry and microbiology and to take up research in entomology only with the help of others. My faith in the value of collaborative, interdisciplinary work has been the key to success. Our focus on proteins of insect hemolymph has provided valuable insights into insect biochemistry and physiology.
Scaffolding: A Promising Approach to Fostering Critical Thinking

AbstractMany undergraduate students struggle when asked to engage in critical thinking. One approach we have found useful in fostering critical thinking is scaffolding, a process that involves the ...
Universal gates in other universes

I describe a new formalization for computation which is similar to traditional circuit models but which depends upon the choice of a family of [semi]groups --- essentially, a choice of the structure group of the universe of the computation. Choosing the symmetric groups results in the reversible version of classical computation; the unitary groups give quantum computation. Other groups can result in models which are stronger or weaker than the traditional models, or are hybrids of classical and quantum computation. One particular example, built out of the semigroup of doubly stochastic matrices, yields classical but probabilistic computation, helping explain why probabilistic computation can be so fast. Another example is a smaller and entirely ℝeal version of the quantum one which uses a (real) rotation matrix in place of the (complex, unitary) Hadamard gate to create algorithms which are exponentially faster than classical ones. I also articulate a conjecture which would help explain the different powers of these different types of computation, and point to many new avenues of investigation permitted by this model.
The Prediction of the Secondary Structure of Proteins

The prediction of the secondary structure of proteins has been widely applied to many areas of protein chemistry. This review gives an overview of its utility, reliability and application to a wide variety of problems in the life sciences.
Japan’s National Security Council: Policy Coordination and Political Power

In 2013, Japan established its first-ever National Security Council (NSC) as the leading edge of ambitious reforms to its foreign-policy-relevant institutions. Within weeks, Japan’s new national se...
On the Frontlines of Richer Metadata: Technical Services and TEI

ABSTRACTWith shrinking print collections and the increase in automation, technical services departments are looking for new ways to utilize their skills. Digital humanities (DH) projects offer the ...
A Biological Testbed for Implanted Antennas Using Layered Porcine Tissue

A biological testbed developed from layers of pork flesh and products for testing implanted antennas operating at 433 MHz is designed and verified with real-world measurement and CST simulation. The model gave consistent S 11 results for a copper dipole across measurement and simulation.
#Me(n)Too: Storying a Male-on-Male Sexual Assault

1An individual life is simultaneously flawed and valuable. All victims and survivors of sexual assault are unique, as are their stories. The culture of shame surrounding sexual assault on men shows...
Magnetic Core Solenoid Power Inductors on Organic Substrate for System-in-Package Integrated High-Frequency Voltage Regulators

In this paper, the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of System-in-Package (SiP) solenoid power inductor using a NiZn ferrite composite magnetic core material is demonstrated. A novel fabrication process has been developed for integrating the inductor into the buck-type integrated voltage regulator (IVR) module. The process uses stencil printing to deposit and pattern the magnetic core material. Photolithography and copper electroplating are used to form the windings. The electrical parameters of the fabricated inductors were extracted from measurements. The inductors had an average dc resistance of 19 $\text{m}\Omega $ , average inductance of 28.3 nH, and average ac resistance of $2.28~\Omega $ at 100 MHz, which is the operating frequency of the IVR. The organic substrate parasitic effect led to an average shunt capacitance of 2.31 pF and an average parasitic conductance of 0.12 mS at 100 MHz. The 10% saturation current was 11.53 A. The electrical parameters of the fabricated inductors were modeled and showed good accuracy with measured data. The inductors showed an inductance to dc resistance ratio of 1613 nH/ $\Omega $ . The area and volume energy densities were 158.4 nJ/mm2 and 283.0 nJ/mm3, respectively. These are the highest reported values for a solenoid magnetic core power inductor at 100 MHz.
Leveraging genome-enabled growth models to study shoot growth responses to water deficit in rice Oryza sativa

Elucidating genotype-by-environment interactions (G x E) and partitioning its contribution to the phenotypic variation remains a long standing challenge for plant scientists. Recent quantitative genetic frameworks have improved predictions of G x E responses. However, these models do not explicitly consider the processes that give rise to G x E. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel framework to elucidate the genetic basis of dynamic shoot growth trajectories under contrasting water regimes using genome-wide markers to model genotype-specific shoot growth trajectories as a function of soil water availability. A rice diversity panel was phenotyped daily over a period of twenty-one days during the early vegetative stage using an automated, high-throughput image-based, phenotyping platform that enabled us to estimate daily shoot biomass and soil water content. Using these data, we modeled shoot growth as a function of time and soil water content, and were able to determine the soil water content and/or time point where an inflection in the growth trajectory occurred. We found that larger, more vigorous plants tend to exhibit an earlier repression in growth compared to smaller, slow growing plants, indicating a potential trade off between early vigor and tolerance to prolonged water deficits. We integrated the growth model within a hierarchical Bayesian framework and used marker information to estimate model parameters and the associated loci through genome-wide association analysis. Genomic inference for model parameters and time of inflection (TOI) identified several candidate genes. Among them an aquaporin, OsPIP1;1 was identified as a candidate for time of inflection under drought and showed significantly lower expression in accessions exhibiting later TOI in drought. This study is the first to utilize a genome-enabled growth model to study drought responses in rice, and presents a new approach to jointly model dynamic morpho-physiological responses and environmental covariates.
The BEC-BCS Crossover: Some History and Some General Observations

While the experimental realization in ultracold Fermi alkali gases of the phenomenon we now call the “BEC–BCS crossover” was attained only in the last few years, theoretical considerations of this issue go back a lot further, and refer to other systems as well. In the first part of this chapter we review some of this history, while in the second half we make some general comments on the current theoretical situation with respect to the specific ultracold-gas implementation.
Preparing for Transplantation

Abstract Individuals with progressive advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a number of treatment modalities to consider before reaching end-stage renal disease. As CKD reaches stage 4, and particularly as glomerular filtration rate approaches 20 mL/min, patients should be informed of kidney transplantation as a treatment option, provided education regarding the transplant process, and be referred to a transplant center unless there are clear contraindications or comorbidities that preclude consideration. There is an unfortunate and dramatic disparity between those who are eligible for transplantation and those who receive a transplant, due in part to referral biases, the comparative shortage of deceased donors, and a lack of acceptance or awareness of living kidney donation as an option. This chapter reviews the transplant landscape, discusses the procedural and pathophysiological considerations for kidney transplantation, and outlines the transplant evaluation process, including inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Bariatric Surgery Among Medicare Subgroups: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine weight change, postoperative adverse events, and related outcomes of interest among age-qualified (AQ) and disability-qualified (DQ) Medicare recipients compared with non-Medicare (NM) patients undergoing an initial bariatric procedure. METHODS The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-2) is an observational cohort study of 2,458 adults who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) bariatric surgery. Weight, percentage body fat, functional status, and comorbidities, as well as postoperative adverse events, were assessed at baseline and annually for 5 years. The 1,943 participants who reported insurance type were categorized into the following groups: AQ, DQ, or NM. RESULTS The median preoperative BMI ranged from 45 to 48 kg/m2 across groups. For RYGB, 5-year BMI loss was approximately 30% for all groups, and for LAGB, BMI loss was 12% to 15%. Diabetes remission after 5 years was also similar across groups within procedure types (RYGB: 33%-40%; LAGB: 13%-19%). The frequency of adverse events after RYGB ranged from 4.1% for NM participants to 6.7% for DQ participants. After LAGB, there were no adverse events for the AQ group, whereas 3% of DQ participants and 1.8% of NM participants had at least one adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Medicare participants experienced substantial BMI loss and diabetes remission, with a frequency of adverse events similar to that of NM participants.
A review of the current trends in high-temperature electrocatalytic ammonia production using solid electrolytes

Abstract High-temperature solid-state electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a promising route for clean, sustainable and on-demand small-scale production of ammonia with lower energy consumption compared to the conventional Haber-Bosch process. Despite of its significant potential, there are still many aspects of this process that remain unexplored. In this mini-review article, the literature on high-temperature solid-state electrochemical ammonia production was summarized, the current state of the process was discussed and the necessary steps that should be taken to move the solid-state electrochemical ammonia synthesis concept forward were discussed while addressing the current issues and concerns.
A constructive proof of the convergence of Kalantari's bound on polynomial zeros.

In his 2006 paper, Jin proves that Kalantari's bounds on polynomial zeros, indexed by $m \leq 2$ and called $L_m$ and $U_m$ respectively, become sharp as $m\rightarrow\infty$. That is, given a degree $n$ polynomial $p(z)$ not vanishing at the origin and an error tolerance $\epsilon > 0$, Jin proves that there exists an $m$ such that $\frac{L_m}{\rho_{min}} > 1-\epsilon$, where $\rho_{min} := \min_{\rho:p(\rho) = 0} \left|\rho\right|$. In this paper we derive a formula that yields such an $m$, thereby constructively proving Jin's theorem. In fact, we prove the stronger theorem that this convergence is uniform in a sense, its rate depending only on $n$ and a few other parameters. We also give experimental results that suggest an optimal m of (asymptotically) $O\left(\frac{1}{\epsilon^d}\right)$ for some $d \ll 2$. A proof of these results would show that Jin's method runs in $O\left(\frac{n}{\epsilon^d}\right)$ time, making it efficient for isolating polynomial zeros of high degree.
Overcoming Bias from Patients and Their Families: Protecting Our Trainees and Ourselves

In recent decades, surgeon demographics have become more representative of the broader US population; thus, surgical patients will increasingly find themselves receiving care from surgeons from diverse backgrounds. As this transformation occurs, patients and their families will sometimes rely on outdated heuristics and bring their own implicit and explicit biases when interacting with healthcare professionals. To prevent this, strategies to mitigate discrimination can be implemented by three key actors: surgeons themselves, surgical teams in the course of patient care, and hospitals (Table 8.1).
Beyond a Precarious Balance: Improving the Scientific Rigor and Policy Relevance of Institutional Analyses from the Bloomington School

In this chapter, Michael D. McGinnis explores a major tension in the Ostroms’ work—the desire to balance rigor in their models with a need for policy relevance, a balance McGinnis terms strategic rigor. The Ostroms developed several different theoretical frameworks to address the questions of institutions. McGinnis pushes beyond the Ostroms’ corpus to suggest important ways in which their different frameworks—IAD, common-pool resource, and Social-Ecological System—can be linked. McGinnis brings his own approach to concrete application to identify common processes across different decision settings and suggests how these theoretical approaches provide useful insight for policymakers.
Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Review of Evidence for Spinal Cord Stimulation.

Background Neuropathies, the most common complication of diabetes, manifest in various forms, including entrapments, mononeuropathies or, most frequently, a distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) in the classic "stocking" distribution is a disease of increasing prevalence worldwide and a condition for which standard medical treatment only provides modest relief. Neuromodulation offers a potential alternative to pharmacotherapies given its demonstrated efficacy in other refractory chronic neuropathic pain syndromes. High-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is available in these other settings for two approaches to spinal cord stimulation (SCS): (1) conventional low-frequency SCS (LF-SCS), which modulates axonal activity in the dorsal column and is paresthesia-dependent, and (2) high-frequency SCS delivered at 10 kilohertz (10 kHz SCS), which targets neurons in the superficial dorsal horn and is paresthesia-independent. Method This review examines the evidence for SCS from published RCTs as well as prospective studies exploring the safety and effectiveness of treating PDN with neuromodulation. Results Two RCTs enrolling 60 and 36 participants with PDN showed treatment with LF-SCS reduced daytime pain by 45% to 55% for up to two years. An RCT testing 10 kHz SCS versus conventional medical management (CMM) in 216 participants with PDN revealed 76% mean pain relief after six months of stimulation. None of the studies revealed unexpected safety issues in the use of neuromodulation in this patient population. Conclusion These well-designed RCTs address the unmet need for improved PDN therapies and provide data on the safety, effectiveness, and durability of SCS therapy.
The Treaty of Nice and European Union Enlargement: The Political, Economic, and Social Consequences of Ratifying the Treaty of Nice

Caption: This study, drafted by Peter Katz and published in the University of Pennsylvania’s Journal of International Economic Law in 2003, sheds light on the ratification process for the Treaty of Nice and the referendums held in Ireland in 2001 and 2002. Source: KATZ, Peter. “Comments – The Treaty of Nice and European Union enlargement: the political, economic, and social consequences of ratifying the treaty of nice” in University of Pennsylvania – Journal of International Economic Law (JIL), Volume 24, Issue 1, 2003, p.255. https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jil/articles/volume24/issue1/Katz24U.Pa.J.Int%27lEcon.L.225%282003%29.pdf. Copyright: (c) University of Pennsylvania Law School URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/peter_katz_the_treaty_of_nice_and_european_union_enlargement_the_political_economic_and_ social_consequences_of_ratifying_the_treaty_of_nice-en-2569b80c-14d6-422c-a58e-b6d5319ad72e.html Last updated: 26/01/2015
Child Development Associate Research Archive

(1988). Child Development Associate Research Archive. National Association of Early Childhood Teacher Educators Bulletin: Vol. 9, Bulletin No. 29, pp. 12-13.
Building the evidence base for families living with parental mental illness

Families living with parental mental illness deserve our best intervention efforts. Unfortunately few interventions for children, adults and families living with parental mental illness have rigorous research evidence to demonstrate their effectiveness. Depression prevention approaches for children have a developing evidence base; for example, Beardslee and colleagues’ family-based prevention approach for children whose parents have depression (Beardslee, Gladstone, Wright & Cooper, 2003) and van Doesum and colleagues’ home-based mental health promotion and prevention intervention for mothers with depression and their infants (van Doesum, Hosman & Riksen-Walraven, 2005). Innovative approaches provide support to school-aged children or youth whose parents have mental illness, for example, VicChamps peer support programs in Australia (Maybery, Reupert & Goodyear, 2006), though data on their effectiveness are limited. Recently published data from testing of the Family Options intervention in the U.S. demonstrate the impact of a ‘family first’ approach on the well-being, functioning, and resources and supports of mothers with serious mental illness, though these findings are preliminary (Nicholson, Albert, Gershenson et al., 2009). The dearth of evidence regarding interventions for children and families living with parental mental illness may have at least some of its roots in the complexity of their lives and the lack of appropriate methodological and analytic approaches for addressing this complexity in the context of intervention testing. Addressing this evidence gap may require the application of innovative research strategies and the building of new researcher-community relationships. The goal of this editorial is to lay out a rationale for this paradigm shift, to underscore the benefits of multiple research approaches, and to provide a call to action for building the evidence base.
On the Nature and Genetic Basis for Resistance and Tolerance to Fungal Wilt Diseases of Plants

Publisher Summary Wilt diseases, beginning with Fusarium wilt of tomato, were first reported 100 years ago and, because of their worldwide significance on many crops, have been studied intensively ever since. This chapter discusses about updating models, the relationship between vascular colonization and foliar symptoms, colonization in single gene and polygene resistant plants, how the pathogen colonizes the host, integrating host resistance and other forms of biological control, and the expressive phase of disease development. A model of the host-parasite interactions in wilt disease was originally proposed by Talboys to depict two functional stages of disease development. He showed a cellular response in root epidermal and cortical cells of hops following infection with Verticillium albo-atrum that resulted in the formation of lignitubers. Once having entered the xylem elements, whether by direct penetration, by means of senescent tissues, or by means of wounds, a parasite encounters an extensive avenue of distribution. Contact with many organisms and events can trigger a cascade of defense responses in host cells. The number and variety of microorganisms in suppressive soils is high. The likelihood that a pathogenic form of a parasite will dominate at any infection site is therefore low. The triggering of defense processes and resistance, in response to a chance vascular invader, is a common, every-day occurrence. Poor triggering of defense resulting in vascular colonization and disease is an exception.
Trustees versus Directors, Whom Do They Serve? Boards, For‐Profits and the Public Good in the United States

Postsecondary education in the United States is provided by public, not-for-profit and for-profit institutions. Public and not-for-profit institutions are expected to serve the public good due to state control or chartering requirements; for-profit institutions are not. Therefore, the decision to serve the public good is vested in the board. The for-profit director's role as representative of shareholders' interests does not ensure deference to the public good. Currently, national priorities are aligned with shareholder interests creating an environment ripe for expansion of for-profit education. However, there are implications as national priorities shift to positions that do not complement shareholder interests. Most critically, continued growth of for-profit postsecondary education may lead to a reduction of service of the public good by all institutions. Private institutions (not-for-profit or for-profit) exist in every large country; therefore, a thorough analysis of the legal distinctions among sectors is encouraged to understand the implications of growth.
Robust MRAS-Based Algorithm for Rotor Resistance and Rotor Speed Estimation of Indirect Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive

This paper presents a method for simultaneous rotor speed and rotor resistance estimation of an induction motor in an indirect rotor field oriented control system. This method is based on model reference adaptive system approach using only stator currents and voltages measurement. Finally the feasibility of the scheme is verified by simulation
Decision theory and standards of proof

What is important about Kaplan's thesis is not whether his model succeeds in particular applications and in its present form, but that it indicates a method for analyzing the legal system which could improve it. This is not inconsistent with the lesson to be learned from Tribe.
N-(3,5-Dimethoxy­benzyl­idene)-2-(methyl­sulfan­yl)aniline

The title compound, C16H17NO2S, has a trans geometry about the C=N bond. The mol­ecule is non-planar, with a dihedral angle of 55.21 (4)° between the two aromatic rings.
A phase II trial of Sunitinib malate in recurrent and refractory ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal carcinoma.

Abstract Objective Ovarian cancer is a highly angiogenic tumor and a model for antiangiogenic research. The tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors target several receptors allowing for the pharmacological disruption of several independent pathways. Sunitinib malate® is a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. A phase II study utilizing a modified dosing schedule was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Sunitinib® in recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal carcinoma. Methods A nonrandomized phase II study was modeled as a two-stage Simon design initially enrolling 17 evaluable participants in stage one and 18 patients in stage two. Patients received the study drug at 37.5mg every day over a 28day treatment cycle until clinical or radiological evidence of progressive disease. Disease was evaluated radiographically and best overall response was defined using the RECIST 1.0 criteria. The primary objective of this study was to define the response rate (defined as complete response and partial response) while the secondary objectives included both the progression free rate as well as the safety of this agent in this patient population. Results The response rate (PR+CR) was 8.3% (95% confidence interval: 1.8%, 22.5%). The 16-week and 24week progression-free survival estimate was 36% (95% confidence interval and 19.2%), respectively. The median progression-free survival estimate was 9.9weeks. Hypertension and gastrointestional events were the most common toxicities noted. Conclusions A modest response rate of 8.3% was achieved with Sunitinib malate®. This phase II study adds to the body of literature of VEGFR inhibitors and further underscores the need of defining a genetic angiogenic signature.
Organic geochemistry of the Argentine Basin sediments: Carbon-nitrogen relationships and Quaternary correlations

Abstract Ninety-four individual samples from three cores of the Argentine Basin (V-15-142, V-15-141, and V-15-140) were analyzed for organic carbon, total- and organic nitrogen, fixed ammonium and amino acid-N. Significant quantities of nitrogen, estimated to range from 80 to 240 ppm, occurred as ammonium trapped within the lattice structures of clay minerals. From 23·0 to 40·8 per cent of the organic nitrogen occurred in the form of amino acids. The C/N ratios ranged from 7·1 to 16·9; C/organic N ratios varied from 9·4 to 18·5. Variations with depth in the C/organic N ratio, and in the amino acid content of the organic matter, were interpreted in terms of the sedimentary environment and diagenetic changes following burial. Fluctuations in the distribution of carbon and organic nitrogen with depth were related to alternations in warm and cool climates during Quaternary times.
Accelerating the Molecular Dynamics Sampling of Mutants: A Hierarchical Bayesian Markov State Model Strategy

Mutational analysis is the bread and butter of experimental protein biophysics; however, in simulation studies, mutational analysis remains a major challenge because the computational costs scale proportional to the number of mutants. We suggest a way out of this connundum, by using large-scale simulation of a wild-type protein as an informative prior on the simulations of mutants. With an ansatz that mutation perturbs the rates of inter-conversion between an unknown subset of the conformational states of the protein, we introduce a Bayesian adaptive simulation framework in which these perturbations are automatically perused and discovered in a maximum expected information gain criterion. Preliminary data suggests that this approach can lead to speedups on the order of ten times in simulations of mutants, by focusing molecular dynamics sampling in regions of phase-space that are perturbed with respect to the wild-type.
Conversion and Coercion: Personal Conscience and Political Conformity in Early Modern France

This article examines the conflict between two understandings of conversion: one which saw it as a voluntaristic transformation, free from compulsion and another which claimed that coerced conversions could be valid. Rival Catholic and Protestant churches believed that true conversion resulted from an individual’s search for truth while also recognising a role for constraint in maintaining conformity. Theological traditions underpinned both views. Catholics reconciled the contradiction by equating religious orthodoxy with political fidelity to the monarchy. Minority Protestants also insisted on their loyalty, but Louis XIV’s 1680s campaign to force their conversions provoked a crisis of conscience. Two sources from western France illustrate the impact of the campaign on individual consciences. The first, a memoir by the Protestant schoolmaster Jean Migault, reveals the tortured conscience of a forced convert. The second, the personal confession of Bishop Henri de Barillon, demonstrates how a prelate recon...