cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observed positive parenting behaviors and youth genotype: Evidence for gene-environment correlations and moderation by parent personality traits

Gene‐environment correlations (rGE) have been demonstrated in behavioral genetic studies, but rGE have proven elusive in molecular genetic research. Significant gene‐environment correlations may be difficult to detect because potential moderators could reduce correlations between measured genetic variants and the environment. Molecular genetic studies investigating moderated rGE are lacking. This study examined associations between child catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and aspects of positive parenting (responsiveness and warmth), and whether these associations were moderated by parental personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) among a general community sample of third, sixth, and ninth graders (N ! 263) and their parents. Results showed that parent personality traits moderated the rGE association between youths’ genotype and coded observations of positive parenting. Parents with low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion exhibited greater sensitive responsiveness and warmth, respectively, to youth with the valine/valine genotype. Moreover, youth with this genotype exhibited lower levels of observed anger. Therewas no association between the catecholO-methyltransferase genotype and parenting behaviors for parents high on neuroticism and low on extraversion. Findings highlight the importance of considering moderating variables that may influence child genetic effects on the rearing environment. Implications for developmental models of maladaptive and adaptive child outcomes, and interventions for psychopathology, are discussed within a developmental psychopathology framework.
Techniques for extracting instruction level parallelism on MIMD architectures

Extensive research has been done on extracting parallelism from single instruction stream processors. The authors present some results of an investigation into ways to modify MIMD architectures to allow them to extract the instruction level parallelism achieved by current superscalar and VLIW machines. A new architecture is proposed which utilizes the advantages of a multiple instruction stream design while addressing some of the limitations that have prevented MIMD architectures from performing ILP operation. A new code scheduling mechanism is described to support this new architecture by partitioning instructions across multiple processing elements in order to exploit this level of parallelism. >
Cultivation of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts on Dental Implant Materials and Enzymatically Debrided Teeth

Rhesus monkey periodontal ligament-derived fibroblasts were cultured on glass, Vitallium, poly(methyl methacrylate) and enzymatically debrided teeth. Scanning electron micrographs of these preparations and of the periodontal ligament surrounding normal and replanted teeth were compared. The fibroblasts cultured in vitro could organize on implant material and enzymatically debrided teeth to produce a network with fibers resembling those that are seen in the normal periodontal ligament.
Compiler-managed register file protection for energy-efficient soft error reduction

For embedded systems where neither energy nor reliability can be easily sacrificed, we present an energy efficient soft error protection scheme for register files (RF). Unlike previous approaches, our method explicitly optimizes for energy efficiency and exploits the fundamental tradeoff between reliability and energy. While even simple compiler-managed RF protection scheme is more energy efficient than hardware schemes, this work formulates and solves further compiler optimization problems to significantly enhance the energy efficiency of RF protection schemes by an additional 24%.
How Important Is Technology Capital for the United States

I construct measures of technology capital and country openness for the U.S. economy and the rest of the world for 1982-2007. The key identifying assumption is that rms equalize rates of return on tangible and technology capital. Technology capital is found to be about one third of tangible capital for both United States and the rest of the world. The degree of openness of the US economy increases over time from 0.61 to 0.70. I provide both a two-country estimation where the rest of the world countries are aggregated, and a multicountry estimation and nd that while the estimates of U.S. openness are almost the same in both cases. Using the estimates I show that the neoclassical growth model with technology capital successfully explains movements in U.S. foreign direct investment. While the welfare losses from totally closing the U.S. economy are only about 0.19% of consumption, the welfare gains from totally opening the U.S. economy are equal to 6.72% of consumption.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy and CTLA-4 blockade as a novel therapy for advanced melanoma

Ipilumimab, which is a monoclonal antibody to the inhibitory T-cell receptor CTLA-4, has been shown to improve survival in patients with metastatic melanoma; however, the response rate was only 10%, necessitating the need to develop ways to improve treatment. Anecdotal evidence suggests that stereotactic body radiation (SBRT) might cooperate with anti-CTLA4 to improve response rates both for irradiated and unirradiated tumors, a concept that is being tested in a phase I/II clinical trial as well as a pre-clinical mouse model. Our central hypothesis is that SBRT delivered to an index metastatic lesion will stimulate tumor antigen release and improve the anti-tumor immune response to antiCTLA4 in advanced melanoma. To pre-clinically model the combination of SBRT and anti-CTLA4, we are using a syngeneic transplantation model with B16-F10 melanoma, which is injected to the bilateral flanks. As expected, response of the primary tumor is generally dictated by whether it is irradiated or not. In the unirradiated secondary tumor, we have observed CD8+ T-cell dependent regression in the SBRT+anti-CTLA4 cohort resulting in improved progression-free survival (77%) compared to anti-CTLA4 alone (33%), SBRT alone (0%), or the control (0%). As not all mice respond to the combined therapy, we have also begun to interrogate potential mechanisms of resistance by trascriptomic profiling of resistant tumors. To test our hypothesis clinically, we have initiated a single-center, investigator-sponsored, phase I/II clinical trial of escalating doses of SBRT with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients undergo SBRT to a single metastatic deposit followed by standard-of-care ipilimumab. Two treatment strata are used: bone/lung vs liver/subcutaneous. To date, no dose-limiting toxicities have been observed in the first 12 patients enrolled on this trial. Major regressions of irradiated as well as non-irradiated lesions have been observed. Immune assessments to understand mechanism and resistance are underway. Thus, by understanding the genes and mechanisms associated with the SBRT +anti-CTLA4 response, our goal is to complement an on-going clinical trial with insight into potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may improve the selection and treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma.
Concrete Roughness Characterization Using Laser Profilometry for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheet Application

The failure of a reinforced concrete member strengthened with fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) laminates may be caused by crushing of concrete, rupture of FRP laminates, or delamination of the FRP sheet. Therefore, the effectiveness and failure mode of FRP sheets applied to beams and columns is related to the degree of adhesion of the epoxy to the concrete surface. When a peeling or delamination failure can be avoided, a more effective engagement of the FRP sheet occurs, which results in more efficient use of the material. One of the principal factors affecting the bond behavior between the concrete and epoxy is the roughness of the concrete substrate. To prepare the bond surface, sand blasting or grinding is typically used to roughen the concrete. To that end, a portable device has been developed to measure the roughness of concrete surfaces. This device can be used as a quality-control tool to characterize surface roughness and identify when an adequate surface preparation has been attained. The method use...
Where the blogs tip: connectors, mavens, salesmen and translators of the blogosphere

Why is it that some ideas or products become unusually successful and get adopted widely while others don't? This question has been puzzling many social scientists, economists, politicians and educators for a long time. Knowing the answer to this question can help deliberately start such successful cascades. Many theories have been introduced in this topic by economists and social scientists and these theories have been backed by small numbers of case studies. In this paper, we will focus on the popular theories introduced in "The Tipping Point" by Malcolm Gladwell. The basic idea is the crucial effect of three types of "fascinating" people that the author calls mavens, connectors and salesmen on the effectiveness of a cascade. Those people are claimed to "play a critical role in the word-of-mouth epidemics that dictate our tastes, trends and fashions". In this work, we investigate existence of mavens, connectors and salesmen in the blogosphere. We formally define what it means to be a maven, connector or a salesman and study their possible effect on the success of cascades in the blogosphere. We also study a fourth type of interesting actor that we call translator, an actor that acts as a bridge between different interest groups and communities. We observe that these four types of important players do in fact exist in the blogosphere and they have high correlation with successful cascades. More interestingly, we show that the cascades where these actors act as intermediaries rather than initiators are more likely to reach a larger size.
Articular size and curvature as determinants of carpal joint mobility and stability in strepsirhine primates

Theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that limb joint surface morphology is mechanically related to joint mobility, stability, and strength. This study tests hypotheses relating aspects of joint surface shape to joint function by comparing carpal joint size and curvature among strepsirhine primates that differ significantly in their positional behaviors and hand postures: vertical clingers, active arboreal quadrupeds, and slow cautious climbers. Joints that are very mobile are expected to have increased size and curvature of male joint mating surfaces, whereas those that function primarily in weight-bearing are expected to have relatively expanded female joint mating surfaces. Results show that 1) high male joint mating surface curvature is related to increased joint mobility and 2) increased female joint mating surface curvature is related to increased joint stability under loads of different orientation. Arc lengths of both male and female joint mating surfaces do not differ significantly between locomotor groups. Moreover, carpal joint curvature is not significantly correlated with either joint size (arc length) or body size, but carpal joint size and body size are highly correlated with one another. Relative to body size, articular arc lengths scale close to isometry (geometric similarity) both within and among groups. These results suggest that structural changes leading to increased joint mobility involve modifying joint surface curvature, and in the case of the carpal joints do not include altering joint size. Curvature of female joint mating surfaces appears related to variation in load orientation, but not necessarily load magnitude and frequency.
NAND Flash reliability degradation induced by HCI in boosted channel potential

In this paper, we present the impact of hot carrier injection (HCI) during programming operation in NAND Flash, and describe how HCI degrades reliability characteristics. In order to understand reliability degradation induced by HCI, we evaluated the reliability characteristics under various stress conditions including the number of disturbance pulses, pulse shapes and temperatures. We have concluded that the programming pulse and boosting bias should be carefully optimized to reduce the impact of HCI.
Quantifying and enhancing power awareness of VLSI systems

An increasingly important figure-of-merit of a VLSI system is "power awareness," which is its ability to scale power consumption in response to changing operating conditions. These changes might be brought about by the time-varying nature of inputs, desired output quality, or just environmental conditions. Regardless of whether they were engineered for being power aware, systems display variations in power consumption as conditions change. This implies, by the definition above, that all systems are naturally power aware to some extent. However, one would expect that some systems are "more" power aware than others. Equivalently, we should be able to re-engineer systems to increase their power awareness. In this paper, we attempt to quantitatively define power awareness and how such awareness can be enhanced using a systematic technique. We illustrate this technique by applying it to VLSI systems at several levels of the system hierarchy - multipliers, register files, digital filters, dynamic voltage-scaled processors, and data-gathering wireless networks. It is seen that, as a result, the power awareness of these preceding systems can be significantly enhanced leading to increases in battery lifetimes in the range of 60-200%.
MNEMONIC: A Network Environment for Automatic Optimization and Tuning of Data Movement over Advanced Networks

Computational science is considered the third pillar of science but while we continue to make significant strides in high-performance computing, the ability to trans- fer the vast amounts of data generated and consumed by scientists has fallen behind. This divergence has signifi- cantly constrained scientific progress. This paper describes MNEMONIC, an end-to-end cyber- infrastructure system designed to improve scientists' pro- ductivity by automatically and transparently optimizing and tuning data movement over the network. MNEMONIC integrates advanced technologies, i.e., network interfaces, protocols, and measurement toolkits, to seamlessly manage high-performance data movement. We have integrated the Java implementation of GridFTP in MNEMONIC to pro- vide a cross-platform data transfer capability. Preliminary results show that MNEMONIC+GridFTP outperforms the TCP+GridFTP implementation by over a factor of 10x, while remaining easy to install and operate.
p53 and translational control

Abstract The tumor suppressor p53 plays a role in mediating a G1 arrest (for example, in response to DNA damage), in the cellular commitment to apoptosis and in suppression of transformation. The mechanism of action of p53 in each of these biological outcomes is likely to be overlapping. Current data indicate that p53 functions as a sequence specific transcriptional activator. p53 can also repress transcription from certain promoters. One way in which p53 mediates a G1 arrest after DNA damage appears to be clear. Cells exposed to ionizing radiation show elevated levels of p53 protein. The increase in p53 levels is thought to be responsible for the increase in the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p21 mediated through the p53 binding sites in the p21 promoter. With regard to the ability of p53 to suppress transformation, there is data suggesting that p53 functions other than, or in addition to, its transcriptional activation function may be necessary [1,2]. Similar data exist for p53-dependent apoptosis [3–5]. Recently a role for p53 at another level of gene regulation, namely, translational regulation has been proposed. p53 associates with various components of the translation machinery and has been implicated in the translational regulation of both the p53 and CDK4 mRNAs. Here we will summarize the evidence suggesting a role for p53 in translation and how this regulation might be achieved.
Photothermal deflection spectroscopy measurements of an anisotropic superlattice

The temperature field created by periodic heating of an anisotropic, N-layer system is considered. Anisotropic thermal conductivity, nonuniform internal heat generation, and interlayer thermal boundary resistance are all included in the model. The analytic expressions are applied to the photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) method for thermal property measurement with emphasis on super-lattice systems. Computational results indicate the feasibility of determining the thermal properties of the superlattice layers, including the interlayer contact resistance. Calculated probe beam deflection are then analyzed to estimate the effective thermal properties of a superlattice. The results demonstrate the efficacy of PDS for nondestructive measurements of a superlattice structure.
SubmodBoxes: near-optimal search for a set of diverse object proposals

This paper formulates the search for a set of bounding boxes (as needed in object proposal generation) as a monotone submodular maximization problem over the space of all possible bounding boxes in an image. Since the number of possible bounding boxes in an image is very large O(#pixels2), even a single linear scan to perform the greedy augmentation for submodular maximization is intractable. Thus, we formulate the greedy augmentation step as a Branch-and-Bound scheme. In order to speed up repeated application of B&B, we propose a novel generalization of Minoux's 'lazy greedy' algorithm to the B&B tree. Theoretically, our proposed formulation provides a new understanding to the problem, and contains classic heuristic approaches such as Sliding Window+Non-Maximal Suppression (NMS) and and Efficient Subwindow Search (ESS) as special cases. Empirically, we show that our approach leads to a state-of-art performance on object proposal generation via a novel diversity measure.
RoboCup 2013 Humanoid Kidsize League Winner

The RoboCup Humanoid Kidsize League has rocketed into an exceptionally competitive league, supported by recent introduction of the open source hardware and software platforms. Teams must improve substantially their robot teams every year to stay competitive. In addition to the important skills of walking speed, kick stability, and visual acuity, the 2013 season introduced rule changes to test robot intelligence – and team adaptability. In this paper, Team DARwIn, the winning team of the Humanoid Kidsize League, presents its crucial improvements of its robotic platform and soccer system to mitigate risks from same colored goal posts, substitutions and noise in goalkeeper ball estimates.
Sacral agenesis and neurogenic bladder: Long-term outcomes of bladder and kidney function

Summary Background Sacral agenesis (SA) is a rare congenital condition that refers to the absence of part or all of two or more lower sacral vertebral bodies. It can be associated with neurogenic bladder dysfunction that does not necessarily correlate with the level of spinal or skeletal defect. Patients with SA should undergo urodynamic studies (UDS) to guide lower urinary tract (LUT) management. Objective This review aimed to update the present institutional experience since 1981 of this rare patient population with detailed, long-term follow-up of bladder and kidney function. Study design A single institution, retrospective, IRB-approved review was performed on patients born after January 1, 1981 with an isolated diagnosis of sacral agenesis without spina bifida, and followed with urologic involvement at Boston Children's Hospital. Records were reviewed for demographics, radiologic imaging, UDS including cystometrogram (CMG) and electromyography (EMG), surgery, and blood chemistries. Comparisons were made between groups of patients based on age at diagnosis, with specific focus on renal function and stability of neurogenic bladder lesion. Results Forty-three patients were identified: 23 female and 20 male. Thirty-seven children (86%) had a known age of diagnosis. Nineteen were diagnosed before 2 months old, including five who were diagnosed prenatally, 11 were diagnosed between 2 and 18 months, and seven were diagnosed after 18 months. All 43 had UDS, with 24 (55.8%) studied at the time of diagnosis ( Summary Table ). Twenty had serial full UDS, with 30% demonstrating neurourologic instability. None developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or required spinal cord detethering. Discussion Many children with SA appeared to be diagnosed prenatally or early in life; SA was mostly identified during evaluation of associated anomalies. Though UDS aid in urologic management, testing was not routinely utilized at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions This review of long-term follow-up in SA patients showed stable LUT and renal function, with minimal risk of progression to ESRD. Summary Table . Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Adjusted P-value Age at diagnosis 2–18 months >18 months unknown n 19 11 7 6 Most recent method of bladder emptying Voiding 7 (36.8%) 3 (27.3%) 2 (28.6%) 1.00 CIC 13 (68.4%)* 8 (72.7%) 5 (71.4%) 1.00 No hydronephrosis on recent ultrasound 13 (68.4%) 5 (45.5%) 3 (42.8%) 0.90 Recent serum creatinine (ng/dl) Median 0.4 0.4 0.55 0.91 IQR 0.3–0.5 0.4–0.7 0.4–0.8 0.91 *One patient utilized both CIC and voiding to empty.
Natural Occurrence of Imperforate Vagina in the Adult Female Albino Rat.

SummaryNine adult female albino rats in a normal stock colony were found with imperforate vagina and absence of its lower half. These data are presented because of the similarity between this condi...
Another Reason to Thank Mom: Gestational Effects of Microbiota Metabolites.

Microbial colonization after birth profoundly affects development of the host. In a recent paper, Gomez de Aguero et al. (2016) reveal a new aspect of ontogeny influenced by the microbiota: the impact of gestational gut bacterial metabolites on early immune maturation of the neonatal intestine.
245 MYELOPEROXIDASE GENE POLYMORPHISM IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND LUPUS NEPHRITIS.

Objective Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme that is highly expressed in neutrophil leukocytes and monocytes. It is involved in the production of free radicals generating hypochlorous acid (HOCL), a potent oxidant resulting in tissue and DNA damage. A functional G to A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified at position 2463 of the promoter region of the MPO gene on chromosome 17, which has been associated with vasculitis, multiple sclerosis, and renal disease. The A allele is associated with a lower MPO expression. We hypothesized that the 2463 G/A MPO gene polymorphism is a risk factor for the development/progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). Methods DNA from 229 SLE patients and their age- and gender-matched 277 controls from the Carolina Lupus (CLU) Study cohort, 58 patients from the Sea Island Lupus Cohort, and 51 African American patients from the Lupus Multiplex Registry Cohort were tested for the 2463 G/A MPO gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction. Among the SLE patients, 95 had biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. A linear regression model was used to examine relationships between the 2463 G/A MPO polymorphism and case/control status, demographic characteristics, and LN. 3-Chlorotyrosine results from the interaction of reactive oxygen species with tyrosine. We further determined if the polymorphism impacted production of reactive oxygen species in African American lupus patients. We assessed levels of 3-chlorotyrosine in serum from 4 GG and 4 AA patients by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results Allele distribution was different (p = .03) between patients and controls. However, in the multivariate model, examining factors associated with having SLE, as is well known race was statistically significant (blacks carry a higher risk of developing SLE, OR = 4.8, CI 3.2-7.1) accounting for the allele frequency differences between patients and controls. MPO polymorphism was not a significant risk factor for developing SLE when factoring in ethnicity. In the model examining predictors of LN, male gender (p = .004) and black race (p = .0001) were identified as significant risk factors. The presence of the genotype AA was a risk factor for developing LN in black patients (OR = 2.72). Serum 3-chlorotyrosine levels were 10-fold higher in the GG patients compared to AA patients by HPLC. Conclusion The 2463 AA MPO gene polymorphism is a risk factor for developing LN in black patients. The 2463G/A polymorphisms are not linked with the development of SLE but do profoundly affect myeloperoxidase activity in vivo.
Research on Power Business Model Based on Information and Communication Fusion

The smart grid and information construction put forward new demand to information communication fusion development, the target of information communication fusion is to establish a comprehensive, perfect and open information communication service model system based on the core demand of power grid and enterprises development. This paper analyzes current construction and development situation of electric power information system and communication network, and the business requirements of communication and information fusion, puts forward the construction scheme of business support model under the condition of information and communication fusion with the target of unifying multiservices. The scheme can realize unified dispatching and management of information and communication resources, and better meet various business requirements under the new situation of smart grid and energy internet construction.
Impact of resident training on postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing single valve replacement

As one of the requirements of the Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study on valvular heart disease, operative and postoperative data were prospectively collected in 964 patients undergoing single valve replacement. The procedure was performed either by a resident under the direct supervision of an attending surgeon (49.5%) or by an attending surgeon (50.5%). There was no difference in operative mortality between the two groups of surgeons when adjusted for patient-related and disease-related risk factors. The proportion of patients who had at least one postoperative complication was slightly but not significantly higher in the attending group (35.8% versus 30.4% for aortic valve replacement, 38% versus 28% for mitral valve replacement, and 36% versus 30% for all single valve replacement procedures). As the significance of each complication varies, we weighted each complication to the associated operative mortality to formulate the morbidity score. An expected complication rate for each group was derived from a multivariate logistic model, and the ratio of observed to expected morbidity was calculated to adjust observed morbidity according to the risk of patients. There was no difference in the observed/expected morbidity ratio between the two groups of surgeons. We conclude that currently used teaching techniques and philosophy to educate cardiac surgical residents, which allow them to take progressive responsibility for cardiac surgical procedures, are well justified, and patient care does not suffer when resident training is enhanced.
Clarke oxygen microelectrode

This chapter discusses the construction and electrochemical response of Clarke ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs). Clarke UMEs consists of 25 μm platinum (Pt) disk working electrode sealed in glass with a silver coating on the outside of the glass acting as a reference/counter electrode. Electrochemical contact between the two electrodes is made possible by a thin electrolyte layer maintained behind an oxygen-permeable membrane pulled over the tip and held in place with an o-ring. The most important factor in operation of an oxygen electrode is that a reproducible limiting current for oxygen reduction is obtained which does not deteriorate over time. For this reason, reproducible and stable cyclic voltammograms (CVs) for the bare electrode should be obtained in solution before the membrane electrode is constructed. Any inert aqueous electrolyte solution is suitable for use in a Clarke electrode. There may be some benefits to using a buffered electrolyte solution because the product of the four-electron reduction of oxygen is the hydroxide ion, which causes a localized shift in pH at the electrode surface during use. Membranes suitable for use in a Clarke electrode must be readily permeable to oxygen, but not to species that interfere with the oxygen reduction process. They should also be largely nonpermeable to water molecules so that the integrity of the electrolyte layer is maintained when used in the gas phase. Typical membrane materials used for Clarke electrodes include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene, polystyrene, collodion and polyvinyl chloride. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Microwave Spectra, Structure, and Ring-Puckering Vibration of Octafluorocyclopentene

The rotational spectra of octafluorocyclopentene (C5F8) has been measured for the first time using pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in a frequency range of 6 to 16 GHz. As in the molecule cyclopentene, the carbon ring is nonplanar, and inversion through the plane results in an inversion pair of ground state vibrational energy levels with an inversion splitting of 18.4 MHz. This large amplitude motion leads to the vibration–rotation coupling of energy levels. The symmetric double minimum ring-puckering potential function was calculated, resulting in a barrier of 222 cm–1. The rotational constants A0 = 962.9590(1) MHz, B0 = 885.1643(4) MHz, C0 = 616.9523(4) MHz, A1 = 962.9590(1) MHz, B1 = 885.1643(4) MHz, C1 = 616.9528(4) MHz, and two centrifugal distortion constants for each state were determined for the parent species and all 13C isotopologues. A mixed coordinate molecular structure was determined from a least-squares fit of the ground state rotational constants of the parent and each 1...
Optimal frequency for powering millimeter-sized biomedical implants inside an inductively-powered homecage

This paper presents the optimal design and operation frequency (f) of an inductively-powered homecage for powering biomedical devices with millimeter (mm) dimensions, implanted inside the body of freely-behaving small animal subjects, for longitudinal behavioral neuroscience and electrophysiology experiments. In order to improve the power transmission efficiency (PTE) for powering mm-sized implants, the geometry of the multi-coil inductive links in the form of 3- and 4-coil links as well as fp need to be co-optimized. A simplified equation for the PTE of 3-coil inductive links for powering mm-sized implants has been derived, based on which the optimal geometries and fp of a 3-coil link have been found using a commercial field solver (HFSS). In simulations, the optimized 3-coil inductive link achieved a significant PTE of 2.56% at the optimal fp of 40 MHz for powering a 1 mm3 implant coil at the nominal height of 7 cm, thanks to the link and fp optimization as well as an intermediate coil in the receiver side with 18 mm diameter.
Einleitung: Michel Foucault — Ein anti-universalistischer Aufklärer

Foucault ist seit 1984 tot. Doch die schon zu Lebzeiten einsetzende Rezeption hat bereits jetzt Ausmase angenommen, die fur einen zeitgenossischen Denker geradezu unglaublich sind. Trotz der immensen Fulle der Aufsatze, Monographien und Diskussionsveranstaltungen zum Werk Foucaults hat sich die Deutung und Aufnahme seiner Begriffe und Ideen in einem vergleichsweise klar abgesteckten Rahmen bewegt. In der Tat ging es, vor allem in der philosophischen Diskussion in Deutschland, in bezug auf Foucault vornehmlich um die Frage nach dessen Beziehung zur Aufklarung. ›Nietzsche oder die Aufklarung‹ — in dieser ausschliesenden Entgegensetzung hat sich die Rezeption Foucaults, zu seinen Lebzeiten ebenso wie eine Dekade nach seinem Tod, vor allem bewegt. Im Zentrum stand die Herausforderung, entweder mit dem Nietzscheaner Foucault Abschied zu nehmen von den hehren Motiven der Moderne, oder aber dessen vernunftkritischen Angriff auf die abendlandische Ratio erfolgreich abzuwehren.
The Relationship between Stigma and Trauma in Adults Living with HIV

Stigma associated with HIV is considered a major stressor for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) that affects quality of life and may serve as a barrier to effective care and treatment. This manuscript explores the prevalence of stigma among PLWHA (N = 124), differentiates the ways that stigma manifests itself (i.e., personalized, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, public attitudes), and examines the predictive nature of stigma in how individuals experience an HIV diagnosis. Multiple regression analyses and canonical correlations indicate that stigma was found to be correlated with, and predictive of, experiencing an HIV diagnosis in a consequential and potentially traumatic way. Lastly, implications for mental health counselors are presented.
Public Sector Employment at Will: A Critical Analysis of Ethical Concerns and Recommendations for Public Administrators

Recent reforms have sought to increase accountability and flexibility in the public sector’s personnel systems. One radical reform has witnessed a dismantling of civil service systems and replacing of them with employment at will (EAW) systems. Reforms of this kind have been more pronounced at the state and local government levels. Amid the reforms, scholars and public employees are skeptical of moving public employees to EAW systems, fearing the ethical status of EAW policies. This article moves beyond the basic question of whether the public sector should or should not adopt an EAW policy; instead, it focuses on analyzing primary ethical concerns associated with the implementation of EAW practices. Practical recommendations are presented to assist public at-will managers in meeting their ethical obligations toward their EAW employees.
Sleep Disorders in Human Prionopathies

Sleep disorders are common in human prionopathies, such as sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and fatal familial insomnia, and often manifest early in the disease course. Clinical manifestations of sleep pathology in these disorders are variable and include insomnia, sleep disordered breathing, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and hypersomnia, all of which likely result from the rapid neurodegeneration of anatomic structures critical to sleep physiology. Given their high prevalence in human prionopathies, sleep disorders/disturbances may be of diagnostic utility and/or serve as potential biomarkers of human prion disease, and a thorough screen for sleep disturbances should be performed by all clinicians evaluating patients with rapidly progressive dementias. While limited data exists on the subject, treatment of sleep disturbances in patients with prion disease may improve quality of life, for both patients and caretakers.
The New International System of Units: The Role of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA)

The mission of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) of the International Council for Science is to strengthen international science for the benefit of society by promoting impr...
Moving Beyond Mean Length of Utterance: Analyzing Language Samples to Identify Intervention Targets

Mean length of utterance is a useful metric for assessment; however, it has limited utility when planning intervention. When developing intervention plans, researchers have encouraged clinicians to...
Experimental Observation of Classical Dynamical Monodromy

A Hamiltonian system is said to have nontrivial monodromy if its fundamental action-angle loops do not return to their initial topological state at the end of a closed circuit in angular momentum-energy space. This process has been predicted to have consequences which can be seen in dynamical systems, called dynamical monodromy. Using an apparatus consisting of a spherical pendulum subject to magnetic potentials and torques, we observe nontrivial monodromy by the associated topological change in the evolution of a loop of trajectories.
An extended partitioned method for conservative solid-fluid coupling

We present a novel extended partitioned method for two-way solid-fluid coupling, where the fluid and solid solvers are treated as black boxes with limited exposed interfaces, facilitating modularity and code reusability. Our method achieves improved stability and extended range of applicability over standard partitioned approaches through three techniques. First, we couple the black-box solvers through a small, reduced-order monolithic system, which is constructed on the fly from input/output pairs generated by the solid and fluid solvers. Second, we use a conservative, impulse-based interaction term to couple the solid and fluid rather than typical pressure-based forces. We show that both of these techniques significantly improve stability and reduce the number of iterations needed for convergence. Finally, we propose a novel boundary pressure projection method that allows for the partitioned simulation of a fully enclosed fluid coupled to a dynamic solid, a scenario that has been problematic for partitioned methods. We demonstrate the benefits of our extended partitioned method by coupling Eulerian fluid solvers for smoke and water to Lagrangian solid solvers for volumetric and thin deformable and rigid objects in a variety of challenging scenarios. We further demonstrate our method by coupling a Lagrangian SPH fluid solver to a rigid body solver.
Structural changes in anionic micelles induced by counterion complexation with a macrocyclic ligand" A neutron scattering study

The changes in micellar aggregation number which occur in SDS and CzS S solu- tions when the sodium ions are complexed by the cryptand C 222 have been investigated at several concentrations of amphiphile and supporting electrolyte (NaCI). The observed micellar reorganizations are rationalized in terms of changes in head group repulsion and hydrocarbon-water contant.
Genetic Control of Carbon Utilization During Hibernation: Mechanistic Considerations

During hibernation, mammals rely heavily on lipid stores to provide the fuel necessary to survive the winter. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK-4) plays a key role in gating carbohydrate catabolism and allowing the switch to lipid metabolism. Earlier we reported that PDK-4 was up-regulated in the heart of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel during hibernation (Andrews et al., 1998). A similar induction of PDK-4 was seen in rat skeletal muscle after administration of WY-14,643, a known peroxisome proliferator and ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtype alpha (PPARoc; Wu et al., 1999). In light of this evidence that PPARα may activate PDK-4 expression, we review the role that PPARs play in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis and discuss their potential as regulators of metabolism during hibernation.
Teen obesity addressed in the military.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to trial a teen weight loss program at the largest U.S. Air Force Medical Center to find its effect in reducing the serious problem of teen obesity in San Antonio, Texas, at Lackland Air Force Base. A successful program, developed by physicians, was examined. The program, SHAPEDOWN, selected because it was the first program for teen obesity ever developed and has been successful for over 20 years, used a behavioral modification approach, which required parental involvement. The five students and five parents graduating from the program did reduce their body mass index but not to the program specifications of 1/2 to 1 1b/week. As recommended for success, the program was supposed to include weekly consecutive meetings, pretesting families to note specific family problem areas, and purchasing the training video for the teacher. However, financial and other constraints limited following the program design, and these steps were not taken. Nurturing skills for the parents were taught successfully, and parents expressed future application of these skills for both future weight loss efforts with their teens and for their improved parent/teen relationship.
Hindcasting Community-Level Damage to the Interdependent Buildings and Electric Power Network after the 2011 Joplin, Missouri, Tornado

AbstractTornados are common natural hazards that occur in the United States and result in social and economic loss. Resiliency of communities prone to tornadoes can be enhanced through the use of r...
Horizontal and Vertical Curvature and its Effects on Driver Passing Choice

Passing maneuvers on rural two-lane highways require drivers to enter the opposing traffic lane to overtake an impeding vehicle. A successful maneuver requires the driver to correctly judge the tim...
Hemocompatibility Related Outcomes of Centrifugal and Axial Flow LVADs: An IMACS Registry Analysis

Purpose A novel hemocompatibility score (HCS) has been created to quantify hemocompatibility related adverse events (HRAE) of LVAD support. We sought to determine the HCS profile of centrifugal (CG) versus axial flow (AF) devices and predictors of HRAE at 6 months. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of primary, continuous-flow, durable LVADs reported to IMACS from 2013 to 2017 and ≥6-month follow-up. Death Results Of 12925 primary devices, 4456(34%) were CG and 8469(66%) were AF. A total of 2143 HRAEs occurred in 1444 (32%) CG pts vs 4655 HRAEs in 2854 (34%) AF pts. A neurologic event was the most common HRAE in the CG group, 999 (47%), vs 1449 (31%) in AF. Bleeding events were less common in the CG group compared to AF, 513 (24%) vs 1682 (36%). 234 (11%) and 856 (18%) suspected or confirmed pump thrombus events were identified in CG and AF respectively. Deaths attributed to HRAEs were similar-CG, 346 (16%), and AF, 574 (12%). Arterial non-CNS thromboembolic events were rare, CG, 51 (2%), and AF, 94 (2%). Distribution of HCS within the first 6 months is depicted in Fig 1. Mean HCS was not significantly different between AF (0.94±1.96) vs CG (0.98±1.96), p=0.30. CG was not significantly associated with developing HRAE at 6 months (OR 0.94,p=0.14). Factors associated with increased odds of HRAE included age>60(OR 1.5), ischemic etiology(OR 1.2), INTERMACS level≤2(OR 1.3), chronic renal disease(OR 1.3), and diabetes(OR 1.3). Male gender was protective of HRAE(OR 0.75). Conclusion The distribution of HCS within 6 months was similar between CG and AF devices. CG devices had a higher proportion of neurologic and death events while AF devices had a higher proportion of bleeding and pump thrombosis events. Further investigation into device specific HRAE is warranted.
Hijacked: Piracy and Economies of Protection in the Western Indian Ocean

From 2007–2012, a dramatic upsurge in maritime piracy off the coast of Somalia captivated global attention. Over three hundred merchant vessels and some three thousand seafarers were held hostage with ransom amounts ranging from 10 million being paid to release these ships. Somali piracy operated exclusively on a kidnap-and-ransom model with crew, cargo, and ship held captive until a ransom was secured. Ransom, unlike theft or seizure, requires willing parties and systems of exchange. Ransom economies, therefore, bring together disparate actors and make visible the centrality of protection as a mode of accumulation and jurisdiction. As an analytic, this article proposes an anthropology of protection to undercut divides between legality and illegality, trade and finance, piracy and counter piracy. It argues that protection is key to apprehending processes of mobility and interruption central to global capitalism.
Three-Dimensional Printing: Current Use in Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery:

BackgroundIn the discipline of rhinology and endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS), 3-dimensional (3D) printing has found meaningful application in areas including preoperative surgical planning as ...
Reconstruction of Posterior Mandibulectomy Defects in the Modern Era of Virtual Planning and Three-Dimensional Modeling.

BACKGROUND Posterior mandibulectomy defects can be reconstructed using either soft tissue or vascularized bone. The authors hypothesize that advances in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) have resulted in osteocutaneous free flaps now proving superior to soft-tissue flaps. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of all free flap reconstructions of posterior mandibulectomy defects where the condyle was resected from 2005 to 2016. RESULTS Overall, 291 patients (mean age, 56.9 years; mean body mass index, 26.2 kg/m) underwent posterior mandible reconstruction with 169 soft-tissue flaps and 122 osteocutaneous free flaps (90 free-hand versus 32 CAD-CAM). Forty patients (13.7 percent) required two free flaps to reconstruct the defect, most commonly a fibula osteocutaneous flap for the mandibulectomy defect and a soft-tissue flap for external coverage. Postoperatively, there were no differences in the incidence of trismus between soft-tissue versus vascularized bone flaps; however, malocclusion was most common in patients with soft-tissue flaps (p < 0.001). Patients with CAD-CAM bone reconstruction experienced significantly less malocclusion (p < 0.001), were more likely to progress to a regular diet (p = 0.001), and trended to having superior speech (p = 0.057) compared with the other cohorts. There were six total flap losses, with no difference between soft-tissue and bony flaps. CONCLUSIONS Although reconstruction of posterior mandibulectomy defects should be based on the patient's comorbidities, surgeon comfort, and available resources, patients undergoing reconstruction of posterior mandibulectomy defects reconstructed with CAD-CAM-assisted fibulas experienced superior postoperative function compared with soft-tissue flaps or free-hand fibula flaps. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
“Why can’t this work here?”: social innovation and collective impact in a micropolitan community

Cross-sector partnerships, and collective impact, in particular, have gained increased attention as community-level strategies for tackling wicked, complex, social challenges such as child maltreat...
Comparative Detoxification of Plant ( Magnolia virginiana ) Allelochemicals by Generalist and Specialist Saturniid Silkmoths

The foliage of sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginana) contains at least two biologically active phenylpropanoid compounds (magnolol and a biphenyl ether) that are toxic to a number of generalist insect herbivores. These compounds have little effect on caterpillars of the sweetbay silkmoth, C. securifera, which is a specialist on sweetbay, but they are toxic to two closely related silkmoths, C. angulifera and C. promethea. To understand the influence of phytochemistry on the evolution of host use and feeding specialization in Callosamia, the detoxification capability of C. securifera was compared with that of C. angulifera and C. promethea. Degradation of magnolol and the biphenyl ether by midgut homogenate of the sweetbay specialist was NADPH-dependent and inhibited by piperonyl butoxide, suggesting the involvement of cytochrome P-450 detoxification enzymes. Both were degraded three times faster in the specialist compared to the unadapted herbivores. Higher rates of degradation could not be induced in the polyphagous C. promethea by a mixture of magnolol and the biphenyl ether or by the P-450 inducer pentamethylbenzene, nor did activity vary significantly when larvae were reared on different host plants. Use of sweetbay by Callosamia silkmoths appears to be dependent on their ability to degrade host toxins rapidly via midgut detoxification enzymes. Moreover, the intraspecific comparisons contradict the common prediction that higher levels of cytochrome P-450 activity are found in more polyphagous species; instead, P-450 activity is more closely associated with specific chemical attributes of the herbivores' host plants.