cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic endophthalmitis from Aquamicrobium lusatiense

Abstract Purpose To report a case of chronic endophthalmitis caused by Aquamicrobium lusatiense following phacoemulsification surgery. Observations A 71 year-old woman was referred for chronic ocular inflammation after cataract surgery. Serologic testing was negative for common infectious etiologies. Her condition deteriorated on immune-modulating therapy prompting vitreous biopsy, which confirmed infection with A. lusatiense. She was managed successfully with intravitreal antibiotic pharmacotherapy and intraocular lens explantation. Conclusion and Importance This is the first reported case of A. lusatiense causing endophthalmitis, or disease in a human, in the literature.
Evaluating a commercially available in-duct bipolar ionization device for pollutant removal and potential byproduct formation

Abstract We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the gas and particle removal effectiveness and potential for byproduct formation resulting from the operation of a commercially available in-duct bipolar ionization device. Laboratory tests were conducted with the ionizer installed in a small air handler serving a large semi-furnished chamber. Chamber experiments were conducted under (i) normal operating conditions to characterize the impact of the ionizer on concentrations of particles (0.01–10 μm), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and aldehydes, and (ii) particle injection and decay conditions to characterize the impact of the ionizer operation on particle loss rates. The field test involved air sampling of particulates (0.01–10 μm), O3, and VOCs upstream and downstream of an operating ionizer device installed in an air handling unit serving an occupied office building. Both the chamber and field tests suggested that the use of the tested bipolar ionization unit led to a decrease in some hydrocarbons (e.g., xylenes) among the lists of compounds we were able to analyze, but an increase in others, most prominently oxygenated VOCs (e.g., acetone, ethanol) and toluene. Ionizer operation appeared to minimally impact particle, O3, and NO2 concentrations during normal operating conditions. Particle injection and decay experiments in the chamber suggest that operation of the ionizer unit led to a small increase in loss rates for ultrafine particles ( 0.3 μm), but with negligible net changes in estimated PM2.5 loss rates.
Evaluating Policies Early in a Pandemic: Bounding Policy Effects with Nonrandomly Missing Data

During the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, national and local governments introduced a large number of policies, particularly non-pharmaceutical interventions, to combat the spread of Covid-19. Understanding the effects that these policies had (both on Covid-19 cases and on other outcomes) is particularly challenging though because (i) Covid-19 testing was not widely available, (ii) the availability of tests varied across locations, and (iii) the tests that were available were generally targeted towards individuals meeting certain eligibility criteria. In this paper, we propose a new approach to evaluate the effect of policies early in the pandemic that accommodates limited and nonrandom testing. Our approach results in (generally informative) bounds on the effect of the policy on actual cases and in point identification of the effect of the policy on other outcomes. We apply our approach to study the effect of Tennessee's open-testing policy during the early stage of the pandemic. For this policy, we find suggestive evidence that the policy decreased the number of Covid-19 cases in the state relative to what they would have been if the policy had not been implemented.
Hip-Hop and Spoken Word Therapy in School Counseling: Developing Culturally Responsive Approaches

This volume recognizes the need for culturally responsive forms of school counseling and draws on the author’s first-hand experiences of working with students in urban schools in the United States to illustrate how hip-hop culture can be effectively integrated into school counseling to benefit and support students. Detailing the theoretical development, practical implementation and empirical evaluation of a holistic approach to school counseling dubbed "Hip-Hop and Spoken Word Therapy" (HHSWT), this volume documents the experiences of the school counsellor and students throughout a HHSWT pilot program in an urban high school. Chapters detail the socio-cultural roots of hip-hop and explain how hip-hop inspired practices such as writing lyrics, producing mix tapes and using traditional hip-hop cyphers can offer an effective means of transcending White, western approaches to counseling. The volume foregrounds the needs of racially diverse, marginalized youth, whilst also addressing the role and positioning of the school counselor in using HHSWT. Offering deep insights into the practical and conceptual challenges and benefits of this inspiring approach, this book will be a useful resource for practitioners and scholars working at the intersections of culturally responsive and relevant forms of school counseling, spoken word therapy and hip-hop studies.
Clinical Studies of Botanical Medicines as New Drugs

人間の病気の治療薬として昔から多くの生薬がさまざまな地域で処方されているが, 現代医学の基準に適合した厳しい臨床試験を受けたものはほとんどない。新規の生薬製剤の臨床開発を促進するため. 2000年8月, アメリカFDAはガイダンス案を発表した (Guidance of Industry: Botanical Drug Products)。www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/1221dft.pdfすでに市場取引されている生薬製剤では, その安全性は過去の人間の経験から評価しており, また臨床研究はその特質に関する大規模な評価と非臨床試験を実施せずに開始されている。しかし, いまだほとんどすべての生薬製剤の有効性は, 生薬製剤以外の新薬に求められるのと同様の臨床試験によっては確立されていない。今回の規制は, 生薬製剤の臨床効果を現代医学の非生薬製剤と同じレベルで評価することを目的としている。本論では, すべての新薬開発における臨床試験の基本原則について延べ, 生薬製剤研究に関する問題を検討する。
Promoting a culture of climate care

The psychoanalyst Sally Weintrobe believes that we all need more opportunities to share our feelings about climate change. In Psychological Roots of the Climate Crisis, she explores the forces that conspire to distract us from doing so.
Institutional panarchy: Adaptations in socio-hydrological governance of the South Dakota Prairie Pothole Region, USA.

Abstract This study develops and applies the Institutional Panarchy Framework (IPF) to examine institutional adaptations in the rights, rules, and authority to govern public access and use of ‘nonmeandered waters’ (NMWs) overlying private lands in the South Dakota Prairie Pothole Region (SD PPR). Data collection from March 2017 through July 2019 involved field observations of legislative and other public meetings and review of legislation, policy, court cases, documents, and existing statistics. Findings demonstrated how hydrological changes resulted in everyday, operational level changes in how access and use rights to NMWs were executed, conflict over rules governing use and access of NMWs at the collective choice level, and eventually constitutional level changes in the authority to determine rights and rules of access and use of NMWs. A key contribution for commons and socio-hydrological governance scholarship is that institutional resistance and pressures for change are not unidirectional; feedbacks from lower institutional levels spur change at higher levels and broader scales. Broader policy implications include institutional mechanisms for potential improvements in water quality, farm sustainability, and climate justice.
Upregulation of Local Hepcidin Contributes to Iron Accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease Brains.

Background Accumulation of iron is a consistent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. The underlying cause, however, remains debatable. Objective To explore whether local hepcidin synthesized by brain cells contributes to iron accumulation in AD brains. Methods Brain tissue from the cingulate cortex of 33 cases of AD pre-assigned to Braak stage I-VI, 6 cases of non-dementia, and 15 cases of non-AD dementia were analyzed for transcriptional upregulation of hepcidin by RT-qPCR and RT-PCR. Change in the expression of ferritin, ferroportin (Fpn), microglial activation marker Iba1, IL-6, and TGFβ2 was determined by western blotting. Total tissue iron was determined by colorimetry. Results Significant transcriptional upregulation of hepcidin was observed in Braak stage III-VI relative to Braak stage I and II, non-AD dementia, and non-dementia samples. Ferritin was increased in Braak stage V, and a significant increase in tissue iron was evident in Braak stage III-VI. The expression of Iba1 and IL-6 was also increased in Braak stage III-VI relative to Braak stage I and II and non-AD dementia samples. Amyloid-β plaques were absent in most Braak stage I and II samples, and present in Braak stage III-VI samples with few exceptions. Conclusion These observations suggest that upregulation of brain hepcidin is mediated by IL-6, a known transcriptional activator of hepcidin. The consequent downregulation of Fpn on neuronal and other cells results in accumulation of iron in AD brains. The increase in hepcidin is disease-specific, and increases with disease progression, implicating AD-specific pathology in the accumulation of iron.
(Invited) Google Fiber Deployments: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

In this paper, we recount the challenges encountered in 10 years of Google Fiber operation and the innovations we created to tackle these problems. We conclude with some suggestions for future broadband access network developments.
Inflammation mediates depression and generalized anxiety symptoms predicting executive function impairment after 18 years.

Abstract Introduction Scar theories propose that elevated depression and anxiety can predispose people to future decreased executive function (EF) via heightened inflammation across decades. However, more longitudinal (versus cross-sectional) research on this topic is needed. Objective We thus investigated if increased major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and panic disorder (PD) severity predicted EF decrement 18 years later via heightened inflammation. Method Community-dwelling adults participated in this study. Time 1 (T1) MDD, GAD, and PD severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form), T2 inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen blood levels concentration), and T2 and T3 EF (Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone) were measured. The waves of assessment were spaced approximately 9 years apart. Structural equation modeling was conducted. Results Higher T1 MDD and GAD (but not PD) severity forecasted elevated T2 inflammation (Cohen's d = 0.116–0.758). Greater T2 inflammation level predicted lower T3 EF following 9 years (d = -0.782–-0.636). The T1 MDD–T3 EF and T1 GAD–T3 EF negative associations were mediated by T2 inflammation, and explained 38% and 19% of the relations, respectively. Direct effects of higher T1 GAD and MDD predicting lower T3 EF were also observed (d = -0.585–-0.560). Significant effects remained after controlling for socio-demographic, lifestyle, medication use, various illness variables across time, and T2 EF. Conclusions Inflammation may be a mechanism explaining the T1 MDD–T3 EF and T1 GAD–T3 EF relations. Treatments that target inflammation, worry, and/or depression may prevent future EF decline.
Modern Tools for Including Electron Correlation in Electronic Structure Studies: Hondo and Chem-Station

The aim of computer-aided chemistry is to complement experimental chemistry in the study of molecular reactivity and properties, and in the design of new drugs and new molecular materials and specialty chemicals. It relics on the ability of quantum mechanical methods to predict, a priori, many electronic properties of molecules, such as their structure, their electron distribution and resulting potential, their stability and reactivity, and their response to external electric and magnetic fields. Therorctical tools are gaining increased acceptance in academia and in industry because of their explicative and predictive abilities. The rapid development of powerful, new computational methods and the advent of supercomputers and workstations are making computer-aided chemistry competitive with experimental techniques in many areas.
Polish and American Print Ads

Abstract The purpose of the study was to compare and contrast the use of functional, individualistic, collectivist, and experiential appeals in Polish and American print advertising. The main findings show that, overall, in comparison to Polish ads, American ads contain a higher number of ad appeals (with more functional and individualistic appeal types). Interestingly, the use of appeals is in a way standardized in both countries since functional appeals are most popular followed by the individualistic and experiential types in Poland as well as the US. Also, collectivist appeals are the least popular in the two countries. Implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.
Defending the Articles of Confederation: A Reply to Dougherty

This reply addresses the issues raised by Dougherty in response to my 1999 article in this journal. I also develop a new graphical model of the optimal collection rate under the Articles, where states made contributions, and contrast it to the revenue potential from direct taxation. I believe that despite Dougherty's criticisms, my argument remains valid. While the Articles were not perfect in an absolute sense, that when more properly viewed in a comparative manner, that the system of state contributions for raising revenue under the Articles was (and still is) superior to a system of direct federal taxation.
Evaluation in Intramurals

(1971). Evaluation in Intramurals. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 39-40.
Safety Issues in the Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Pain in the Elderly

Chronic pain is commonly encountered in elderly patients. About 20-50% of community-dwelling elderly experience it, and 45-80% of nursing home residents may be affected. Selection of pharmacologic therapy for the management of chronic pain must take into consideration the increased potential for adverse effects in this population. Major classes of drugs used to treat chronic pain (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, opioids, antidepressants) have adverse effects that occur more frequently in elderly than in younger patients. Given the often prolonged duration of therapy, optimal management requires minimizing the risk of adverse reactions.
Logic and heuristic in mathematics curriculum reform

Publisher Summary The educational mistake can be seen in either defending or criticizing the instructional programs in terms of their conformity or nonconformity with given epistemological views of the nature of mathematics. It is necessary to examine the issues of the controversy to discover whether they are subject to empirical investigation, philosophical investigation, or had best be met by practical compromises. The issues that have to do with the role of logic, physical intuition, and heuristic procedures in school mathematics instruction are focused in the chapter. The pedagogical hypothesis that emerges is that the informality is required on the level at which relationships are unfamiliar to the student. They are designed to lead students to discover concepts and principles themselves and to make use of logical principles and set-theoretical concepts in clarifying them, once discovered. This project is engaged in developing a remedial prealgebra and intuitive geometry course for the junior high school and a vector approach to geometry at the senior high school level. The new venture for mathematics curriculum reform lies in the area of heuristic procedures.
Stable crack propagation in a viscoelastic strip

Abstract : A crack of length 2a which propagates with small, constant speed through a viscoelastic strip of width 2b is considered. The stress on the line of crack advancement and the shape of the crack surface are calculated for a state of plane stress. The relevant material properties are discussed and presented for a Polyurethane rubber (Solithane 113 - 50/50). The results of the material characterization are used to calculate the crack speed as a function of applied strain and temperature. Good agreement is found to exist between theory and experiment.
Defining the "S" in SERMs

Tamoxifen, which opposes estrogen action in some tissues while mimicking its action in others, has reduced breast cancer mortality significantly during the past decade. In their Perspective, Katzenellenbogen and Katzenellenbogen discuss new findings (Shang and Brown) that unravel the molecular basis of tamoxifen9s differential activity in breast and uterine tissue.
Confronting Sexism as Persuasion: Effects of a Confrontation's Recipient, Source, Message, and Context

We applied the message-learning theory of persuasion to examine perceptions of leaders who confront sexism. Participants (N = 283) read vignettes that varied the confrontation message (i.e., directness), source (i.e., confronter gender), and context (i.e., public vs. private). As hypothesized, female (vs. male) participants evaluated confronters more positively and female (vs. male) leaders were evaluated less favorably when they confronted publically. Additionally, participants perceived greater sexism for public (vs. private) confrontation contexts and were more surprised when the confrontation source was a male (vs. female) leader. Implications for confronting and persuasion theories and applications for policymakers are discussed.
A "Traiterous Religion": Indulgences and the Anti-Catholic Imagination in Eighteenth-Century New England

Anti-Catholicism, or antipopery, was one of the broadest and deepest cultural biases in the early-modern English-speaking world. Eighteenth-century New England, in particular, evinced a strong concern with and opposition to imagined Catholic teaching regarding indulgences, believed by many Protestants of the period to mean license to commit sin in advance. This perception informed many aspects of anti-Catholic legislation, history, and literature prior to the American Revolution. These perceptions, inseparable from emerging tropes of the Protestant Reformation as they developed in early-modern England, also provide a key to understanding Protestant apprehensions and fears about unrestricted Catholic religious practice and participation in civic life during the colonial period and into the early republic.
Temperature dependence of the exchange interaction and applications to electron paramagnetic resonance

A previously proposed model relating the widely observed linear temperature dependence of the EPR linewidth to temperature dependence of the isotropic symmetric-exchange integral is discussed in detail and is applied to the data of several newly investigated layered structures. This model assumes an anharmonic intermolecular potential for lattice displacement and an exponential form for the exchange energy giving a temperature dependence in the paramagnetic region. Previous agreement with experimental results on ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}2${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O and some of the layered Cu${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ and Mn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ compounds is now extended to include others of similar type as well as layered compounds of Cu${\mathrm{Br}}_{4}$, Mn${\mathrm{Br}}_{4}$, and Cu${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$. As before, bond strengths are taken from known tabulated results and overlap integrals are calculated with Slater-type orbitals. Arguments are presented that indicate the effect of the antisymmetric exchange cannot be the only cause for the EPR linewidth behavior.
Handling in infancy, brain laterality and muricide in rats

Abstract Rats were handled for the first 20 days of life or were not disturbed. Between 21 and 50 days approximately half of each group was reared in enriched environments while the remainder was group reared in laboratory cages. When adult, four males from each litter received a right neocortical ablation, a left ablation, a sham operation, or no surgery. They were tested for mouse killing between 9–12 months of age. Intact non-handled controls without enrichment experience had a 96% incidence of muricide. Handling and enrichment treatments independently and additively reduced the rate of mouse killing in animals with intact brains. There was no evidence of brain laterality for animals which received no extra stimulation in early life. In contrast, the brains of handled animals were lateralized, with the left lesion group having a higher killing response than the right. Non-lesioned handled rats had approximately the same level of muricide as those with a right hemisphere lesion, leading to the inference that in the intact brain the left hemisphere inhibits the killing response of the right.
Social status as a predictor of race and gender stereotypes in late childhood and early adolescence

We examined race and gender stereotypes in fourth-, sixth- and eighth-grade White and Black children. The participants reported their perceptions of the competence of Black, White, female and male children in academic domains, sports and music. In general, low-status groups (girls and Black children) did not endorse stereotypes that reflected negatively on their own group but were likely to report stereotypes that favored their social group. High-status groups (boys and Whites) endorsed most traditional stereotypes, whether negative or positive, for their social group. Where age differences appeared, older children were more likely than younger children to report traditional stereotypes and status effects were more pronounced. The results are discussed in terms of group enhancement and relationships between social stereotypes and self-views.
No resistance to male-killing Wolbachia after thousands of years of infection

Maternally transmitted male-killing endosymbionts can exert strong and relentless selection pressure on their hosts to evolve resistance to these infections. Surveys of current infection prevalence and mtDNA diversity indicate that Drosophila innubila is and has been infected with male-killing Wolbachia at moderate frequencies for extended evolutionary periods. Here, we use coalescent simulations to infer the minimum age of the Wolbachia infection in this species, and estimate that the infection is at least 15 000 and perhaps over 700 000 years old. We also surveyed this species for genetic variation for resistance to the male-killing effects of infection. Our surveys revealed no evidence for any resistance polymorphism, such that all flies are completely susceptible to male killing. Given the general assumption that Drosophila can be selected for anything, the lack of resistance, despite thousands of years of strong selection, is an apparent evolutionary conundrum. We hypothesize that resistance requires a mutation of major effect that acts early in development, and that the adverse pleiotropic consequences of such mutations in both infected and uninfected individuals may exceed the possible benefit to infected flies.
Antileishmanial Effect of Allopurinol

Allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) has been shown to inhibit the growth of Leishmania braziliensis in vitro at concentrations which are attainable in human tissues and body fluids. This compound is believed to act by interdicting the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, probably through the formation of allopurinol ribotide. Its lack of toxicity makes it a potential candidate for animal experimentation and it may serve as a prototype for other agents with similar mechanisms of action.
Remodeling of the Constitutive Equation While a Blood Vessel Remodels Itself Under Stress

Changes in the mechanical properties of a blood vessel when it remodels itself under stress are reviewed. One of the recent findings about blood vessels is the rapidity of tissue remodeling when the blood pressure is changed. When the tissue structure and material composition remodel, the zero-stress state of the vessel changes. The mechanical properties change also in the remodeling process. If the elastic behavior is expressed in terms of a pseudo-elastic strain-energy function, then the constants in the function will change in the course of the remodeling. With all these changes taking place, the scope of constitutive equations broadens: it should now include a mass-and-structure growth-stress relationship as well as a stress-strain-relationship. To obtain the mass-and-structure growth-stress relationship, one must be able to determine the mechanical properties of the different layers of the vessel wall, as well as the chemical composition and morphology. For the blood vessels, new methods of mechanical testing must be introduced. A key thought is to use bending of the blood vessel wall. By bending, different layers of the vessel wall are subjected to different stresses, leading to equations that can be used to solve the inverse problem of determining the stress-strain law from measured stress and strain. In vitro and in vivo experiments and theoretical prospectives are presented.
Computational Study of Magnetic and Vibrational Properties of Fe $_{4}$ Al $_{11 - x}$ and Fe $_{4}$ Al $_{11 - y}$ Zn $_{y}$

We report first-principles calculations for Fe4Al11-x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 and for Fe4Al11-yZny for 0 ≤ y ≤ 1. We investigate the correlation of the magnetic and vibrational behavior with the density of states at the Fermi level. For Fe4Al11-x the magnitude of the magnetic moment correlates with the number of Fe in the chains. However we also find an intrinsic contribution to the magnetism associated with particular neighbor configurations, for Fe sites adjacent to the partially-occupied Al chains. The Fe content affects the density of states at the Fermi level by changing the magnitude of the spin majority, and as a result there are changing the magnetic properties. For Fe4Al11-yZny a reduction in the magnetization was observed with Zn substitution of Fe in the chains. There is a partial magnetic moment reduction for partial Zn substitution, but the magnetic moment is quenched when Zn fully substitutes for Fe in chain sites.
On trajectory generation for flexible robots

A trajectory based on a Gaussian velocity profile is presented as an alternative to the double square pulse acceleration profile. The new trajectory leads to the fast positioning of the tip of a flexible robot with a minimal excitation of high-frequency modes. The torques necessary to move the robot according to this trajectory show a very smooth behavior. The absence of high-frequency content, present when double square pulse accelerations are considered, eliminates the Occurrence of undesired residual vibrations produced by modeling uncemnties at high frequencies. The excellent results obtained suggest the use of this new trajectory for fast and precise positioning of flexible robots.
Did US labor's post‐World War II successes lead to its subsequent woes?

Purpose – Whereas a combination of unique historical conditions and a specific set of public policies in the United States enabled labor to significantly increase its relative power during the quarter century following World War II, this halcyon period for labor was followed by a period of over two decades during which labor's relative status and power declined. This paper explores this reversal of fortunes.Design/methodology/approach – Although the current plight of labor has been extensively studied within the discipline of economics, these studies have typically focused upon specific aspects of labor's declining status. In this study, labor's plight is examined within the larger context of the institutions and dynamics of capitalism as a socio‐economic system. Within this broadened context, an exploration is made of whether the sustained period of progress for American labor set in motion the creation of forces that eventually led to reversal.Findings – Labor's relative successes in the quarter century...
Role of the segment distribution in the microphase separation of acrylic diblock and triblock terpolymers

Abstract This paper investigates the influence of the “C” segment distribution on phase behavior in a series of ABC terpolymers comprised of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (H, “A” block), poly(octyl acrylate) (O, “B” block), and poly(methyl acrylate) (M, “C” block). We show, using five distinct chain architectures including two triblock terpolymer sequences and three disparate diblock terpolymer sequences, that the manipulation of the “C” segment distribution through statistical copolymerization is a simple tool that polymer chemists may use to tune the stable morphology at constant chemical composition. Using Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) techniques, five polymer architectures, HOM (poly(hydroxyethylacrylate-b-octylacrylate-b-methylacrylate)), HO/M (poly(hydroxyethylacrylate-b-octylacrylate-stat-methylacrylate)), H/MO/M, HMO, and H/MO, were synthesized at four chemical compositions with increasing M content and fixed H:O ratio. The self-assembly of the 20 polymers was probed with synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic shear rheology. Up to an M volume fraction of fM = 0.31, architecture H/MO/M was microphase-separated, indicating that M can be distributed into both H and O domains without overly compatibilizing the system. Three distinct morphologies were observed for the architecture HO/M over a narrow composition range, centered around f O M ∗ = 0.50. The results reported here are useful to those seeking to partially decouple the formulation of a block copolymer from its morphology.
Adenosine for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia under general anesthesia in a patient with wolff-parkinson -white syndrome

Abstract Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside natural to all cells in the body. It has been approved recently for use for acute intravenous therapy of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) caused by atrioventricular (AV) node reentry or reentry including the AV node and accessory pathways as in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. 1 After an intravenous (IV) bolus of 6 mg, PSVT will convert to a normal sinus rhythm (NSR) in about 60% of patients within 1 minute. 2 If the initial bolus is unsuccessful, the dysrhythmia will convert to a NSR in a majority of the remaining patients following an additional dose of 12 mg for a cumulative effectiveness of 93%. 2 Its short half-life may prove useful in PSVT therapy during the perioperative period. A case is described in which adenosine was used to convert a PSVT to NSR in a patient with the WPW syndrome while receiving general anesthesia.
Pb isotope constraints on the provenance and diagenesis of detrital feldspars from the Sudbury Basin, Canada

Abstract Residues after HF leaching of detrital feldspar grains from the Early Proterozoic Chelmsford Formation of the Sudbury Basin, Ontario record isotopic compositions very close to the initial Pb isotopic composition of their Late Archean, Superior Province source. These grains have been recrystallized to albite and K-feldspar. Residues of Chelmsford feldspar grains lie within the range of reported 206 Pb 204 Pb compositions of feldspars from plutons of the adjacent Abitibi subprovince of the Superior Province, with a steep 207 Pb 206 Pb slope of 0.35 ± 0.15 (3.7 ± 0.7 Ga). Leaches are more radiogenic than residues, but leach-residue pairs do not record in situ U (and Th) decay since either the Late Archean time of feldspar crystallization in the Superior Province or the Early Proterozoic time of recrystallization in the Chelmsford Formation. Instead, leach-residue pairs lie along an average 207 Pb 206 Pb slope of 0.250 ± 0.036, representing mixing trends. Most whole-rock samples from the Chelmsford Formation lie close to a 2.7 Ga slope, collinear with detrital feldspar compositions. We interpret the Pb data from the leaches as recording the passing of altering fluids. These fluids likely carried Pb derived from rocks or minerals with relatively high U Pb , Th Pb and Th U within the sedimentary basin itself. The residues appear to record very close to initial values because they lie along the very steep trend defined by feldspars of the Superior Province.
Promoting Basic Accessibility in the Home Analyzing Patterns in the Diffusion of Visitability Legislation

Visitability legislation, which requires minimum accessibility in single-family homes, is an unprecedented advancement in disability policy that began with the passage of an Atlanta ordinance in 19...
Food Resource Periodicity and Cooperation Values: A Cross-Cultural Consideration

This article deals with the relationship of maintenance systems and socialization values cross-culturally. A theoretical discussion of the hypothesis that periodicity in food resource production relates to socialization for cooperation is presented. Drawing on two separate random samples from the HRAF Probability Sample Files, the hypothesis is tested and found to be strongly supported. The findings are discussed in terms of how they appear to answer a question raised by Margaret Mead some 57 years ago, concerning why some cultures stress cooperation and others do not.
Update on neonatal resuscitation

In these times of highly subspecialised medicine, many anaesthesiologists in the US think of neonatal resuscitation as the sole responsibility of neonatologists and paediatricians. But does this role assignment really release anaesthesiologists from the obligation to know how to perform an effective resuscitation of a newborn in the delivery room? The majority of babies are still born in small hospitals with limited staff and resources. A paediatrician or neonatologist might not always be available. A recent survey in the US, conducted among third year paediatric residents, showed a surprising deficiency in neonatal intubation skills.1 Around 10% of all newborns require some assistance after birth, and 1% will need full resuscitation. For preterm or low birth weight infants, this percentage increases dramatically. Unfortunately, only 60% of resuscitations are predictable antepartum, and often a timely maternal transfer to a tertiary centre is not possible.2
Comparing Implementation of Internet Diffusion in the United States and France: Policies, Beliefs, and Institutions

Comparing Internet diffusion policies in the United States and France from an implementation perspective brings to light institutional and historical differences, even though both countries used the same top-down approach. We find that France not only followed the technological lead of the United States in information technology but also emulated some of its more business-oriented approaches in the implementation of the Internet, despite its own longstanding tradition of government intervention in industrial and commercial matters. This policy shift appears to be spurred by the global economy. Traditionally state-controlled national economies are now increasingly leveraging private interests for successful industrial policy. When applying Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's advocacy coalition framework to the American and French diffusion of the Internet, we find policy communities actually expanding to private and public actors, including industry captains, legislators, and civil servants. These subsystems work together through classic lawmaking and lobbying under technological and economic constraints.
Self awareness of the supervisor in supervision

Teaching self awareness is an important and sensitive task in the supervision of the clinical casework student. However, lack of self awareness on the part of the supervisor may lead to a serious impaction of this learning process, and unfortunately, there is no institutionalized process for reviewing lack of supervisory self awareness as there is for students. Some occasions in which problems in supervisory self awareness are likely to occur are: the supervisor who has difficulty in responding appropriately to the student's dependency demands in supervision, responding either by withdrawing from the student or being overprotective of him; the supervisor who is threatened by students whose character styles are very different from his own; and the supervisor who views client behavior from the perspective of a value system very different from the student's.
The Ataxia telangiectasia Gene Product Is Required for Oxidative Stress-induced G1 and G2Checkpoint Function in Human Fibroblasts

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration accompanied by ataxia, telangiectasias, acute cancer predisposition, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). Cells from individuals with AT show unusual sensitivity to IR, severely attenuated cell cycle checkpoint functions, and poor p53 induction in response to IR compared with normal human fibroblasts (NHFs). The gene mutated in AT (ATM) has been cloned, and its product, pATM, has IR-inducible kinase activity. The AT phenotype has been suggested to be a consequence, at least in part, of an inability to respond appropriately to oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, we examined the ability of NHFs and AT dermal fibroblasts to respond tot-butyl hydroperoxide and IR treatment. AT fibroblasts exhibit, in comparison to NHFs, increased sensitivity to the toxicity of t-butyl hydroperoxide, as measured by colony-forming efficiency assays. Unlike NHFs, AT fibroblasts fail to show G1 and G2 phase checkpoint functions or to induce p53 in response to t-butyl hydroperoxide. Treatment of NHFs with t-butyl hydroperoxide activates pATM-associated kinase activity. Our results indicate that pATM is involved in responding to certain aspects of oxidative damage and in signaling this information to downstream effectors of the cell cycle checkpoint functions. Our data further suggest that some of the pathologies seen in AT could arise as a consequence of an inability to respond normally to oxidative damage.
Induction of Liver Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase: Possible Role in Ethanol Tolerance after Exposure to Barbiturates

Mice were injected twice a day for 4 days with saline or phenobarbital or ethanol. Treatment with phenobarbital, but not ethanol, increased the amount of liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity. More rapid removal of acetaldehyde, which is a toxic metabolic intermediate of ethanol, may contribute to the alcohol tolerance exhibited by persons who use barbiturates regularly.
Low-grade serous primary peritoneal carcinoma

Abstract Objective 10% of women with serous ovarian cancer have low-grade carcinomas. These patients are diagnosed at a younger age, have a longer overall survival and a lower response rate to platinum-based chemotherapy compared to women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. It remains unclear if these features are similar in women with low-grade primary peritoneal cancer (PPC). To further explore this issue, a retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathologic characteristics of women with low-grade serous PPC was performed. Methods A retrospective study of 53 patients with low-grade serous PPC evaluated at a single institution from 1986 to 2009 was performed. All cases were reviewed by a gynecologic pathologist to confirm low-grade serous PPC. Results Median age at diagnosis was 51.7years (range 27.1–82.4). 46 patients (86.8%) underwent primary surgery, with optimal tumor reduction achieved in 30 patients (65.2%). 48 patients (90.6%) received chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment. At the completion of primary treatment, 66.7% of patients were noted to have persistent or progressive disease. With a median follow-up of 66.1months, the 5-year PFS was 16%, yet the 5-year OS was 69%. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of women with low-grade serous PPC. Similar to low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, patients with low-grade serous PPC have high rates of persistent disease at the completion of primary treatment yet a long overall survival. Further study focusing specifically on low-grade serous ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinomas is needed to determine the optimal treatment of these diseases.
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for IC Engine Flows

Numerical computations are carried out using an engineering-level Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model that is provided by a commercial CFD code CONVERGE. The analytical framework and experimental setup consist of a single cylinder engine with Transparent Combustion Chamber (TCC) under motored conditions. A rigorous working procedure for comparing and analyzing the results from simulation and high speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments is documented in this work. The following aspects of LES are analyzed using this procedure: number of cycles required for convergence with adequate accuracy; effect of mesh size, time step, sub-grid-scale (SGS) turbulence models and boundary condition treatments; application of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique.
Longitudinal Gompertzian analysis of ischemic heart disease mortality in the U.S., 1962–1986: A method of demonstrating the deterministic dynamics describing its decline

Abstract Age-adjusted mortality rates for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in the United States from 1962 to 1986 were subjected to longitudinal Gompertzian analysis. Age-adjusted IHD mortality rate distributions between age 40 and 85 years were determined by a variable environmental factor and an extrapolated common intersect point. The environmental factor declined (improved) 3.73-fold for men and 2.07-fold for women in 1986 as compared to 1962. However, the environmental factor in 1986 remained 15.34 fold more conducive to IHD mortality among men than women. The age at the extrapolated common intersect point was 126.7 years for men and 267.4 years for women. Longitudinal Gompertzian analysis of IHD mortality data suggests that IHD will remain a significant cause of mortality for men despite advances in risk factor reduction and medical therapy.
Beings on Earth: Is That All There Is?

The systematic search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has been ongoing for slightly more than half the century that this journal has been in print, and the topic has been of human interest through recorded history. Are we any closer to detecting cosmic company or knowing whether it should be there? This paper takes a look at what has been done, what we are currently doing, and briefly speculates about what the future of SETI research may look like as well as the implications of a successful detection.
Risk stratification in the elderly patient after coronary artery bypass grafting: the prognostic value of radionuclide cineangiography.

Background Recent data have shown that assessment of left ventricular function by radionuclide cineangiography (RNCA) predicts survival and cardiac events among non-age-selected patients who have previously undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the prognostic value of this noninvasive approach is not known for elderly patients who now undergo CABG with progressively increasing frequency and who survive longer because of operation. Such easily applied prognostic indexes may be useful to determine whether survival benefits are likely to be maintained or additional therapy should be considered.
Effect of nonaxisymmetric hematocrit distribution on non-Newtonian blood flow in small tubes

Hematocrit distribution and red blood cell aggregation are the major determinants of blood flow in narrow tubes at low flow rates. It has been observed experimentally that in microcirculation the hematocrit distribution is not uniform. This nonuniformity may result from plasma skimming and cell screening effects and also from red cell sedimentation. The goal of the present study is to understand the effect of nonaxisymmetric hematocrit distribution on the flow of human and cat blood in small blood vessels of the microcirculation. Blood vessels are modeled as circular cylindrical tubes. Human blood is described by Quemada's rheological model, in which local viscosity is a function of both the local hematocrit and a structural parameter that is related to the size of red blood cell aggregates. Cat blood is described by Casson's model. Eccentric hematocrit distribution is considered such that the axis of the cylindrical core region of red cell suspension is parallel to the axis of the blood vessel but not coincident. The problem is solved numerically by using finite element method. The calculations predict nonaxisymmetric distribution of velocity and shear stress in the blood vessel and the increase of apparent viscosity with increasing eccentricity of the core.
An Effective Approach for Coupling Direct Analysis in Real Time with Atmospheric Pressure Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) has evolved as a robust analytical platform routinely used for screening small molecules across a broad suite of chemistries ranging from food and pharmaceuticals to explosives and environmental toxins. Most modern atmospheric pressure IM detectors employ corona discharge, photoionization, radioactive, or electrospray ion sources for efficient ion production. Coupling standalone DTIMS with ambient plasma-based techniques, however, has proven to be an exceptional challenge. Device sensitivity with near-ground ambient plasma sources is hindered by poor ion transmission at the source–instrument interface, where ion repulsion is caused by the strong electric field barrier of the high potential ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) inlet. To overcome this shortfall, we introduce a new ion source design incorporating a repeller point electrode used to shape the electric field profile and enable ion transmission from a direct analysis in real time (DART) plasma ion source. Parameter space characterization studies of the DART DTIMS setup were performed to ascertain the optimal configuration for the source assembly favoring ion transport. Preliminary system capabilities for the direct screening of solid pharmaceuticals are briefly demonstrated.
Evaluation of the Botanical Authenticity and Phytochemical Profile of Black Cohosh Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Selected Ion Monitoring Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L., syn. Cimicifuga racemosa L.) has become increasingly popular as a dietary supplement in the United States for the treatment of symptoms related to menopause, but the botanical authenticity of most products containing black cohosh has not been evaluated, nor is manufacturing highly regulated in the United States. In this study, 11 black cohosh products were analyzed for triterpene glycosides, phenolic constituents, and formononetin by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection and a new selected ion monitoring liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Three of the 11 products were found to contain the marker compound cimifugin and not cimiracemoside C, thereby indicating that these plants contain Asian Actaea instead of black cohosh. One product contained both black cohosh and an Asian Actaea species. For the products containing only black cohosh, there was significant product-to-product variability in the amounts of the selected triterpene glycosides and phenolic constituents, and as expected, no formononetin was detected.