cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physiological Manifestations of Endophyte Toxicosis in Ruminant and Laboratory Species

Fescue alkaloid intake by cattle results in adverse metabolic effects that cause billion dollar losses annually to livestock production in the U.S. alone (Bacon et al., 1977; Garner and Cornell, 1978; Bush et al., 1979; Hoveland et al., 1980; Hemken, et al., 1981; Robbins, 1983; Wallner et al., 1983; Ball, 1984; Jackson et al., 1984ab; Stuedemann et al., 1985; Fribourg et al., 1991, 1995; Hoveland, 1991, 1993; Cross et al., 1995; Porter and Thompson, 1992; Strickland et al., 1993; Paterson et al., 1995), with the fescue toxicosis syndrome described as the major grass-induced toxicosis in the country (Cheeke, 1995). These estimates do not reflect losses attributable to the same alkaloids found in ergotized grains and grasses (Bacon et al., 1986, 1995; Coppock et al., 1989). Grasslands make up an increasing part of the world-wide ecosystem (Clay, 1991, 1993ao, 1994; Siegel and Bush, 1994; Hume, 1993), and endophytic fungi correspondingly infect a larger proportion of the grasslands each year. The presence of the endophyte of tall fescue in several countries gives the fescue toxicosis problem global significance (Siegel et al., 1984; Latch et al., 1984, 1987; Fletcher et al., 1990, 1993). For additional perspectives of important endophyte-infected forage relationships to animals, several reviews can be consulted (Read and Camp, 1986; Bacon, 1993, 1995; Buckner et al., 1979; Stuedemann and Hove-land, 1988; Porter and Thompson, 1992; Strickland et al., 1993; Thompson and Stuedemann 1993; Stuedemann and Thompson, 1993; Schmidt and Osborn, 1993; Prestidge, 1993; Thompson and Garner, 1994; Spiers et al., 1995b; Paterson et al., 1995; Porter, 1994, 1995; Cheeke, 1995; Joost, 1995, Cross et al., 1995).
Unmapped Privacy Expectations in China: Discussions Based on the Proposed Social Credit System

Privacy has become a global topic of concern. Meanwhile, it is a concept that is deeply rooted in local cultures. This paper is conceptual exploration of privacy in China, it proposes that privacy is a concept yet to be fully mapped out in Chinese culture. Specifically, this paper uses the proposed Social Credit System in China as an example of discussion, for this example not only helps with capturing the urgency and significance of the topic, but also is particularly provocative in revealing the scope of privacy as a cultural concept. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the proposed Social Credit System; then, it discusses what might constitute a cultural perspective to understand privacy, and cautions the complexity of comparing privacy across cultures. This paper could serve as a meaningful reflection for both countries who are concerned with privacy issues in face of large scale application of big data analytics, and for privacy scholars in cross-culture contexts.
Environmental Injustices in Rural America

The World Health Organization identified the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) as conditions associated with health differences in populations. The absence or scarcity in the SDH in rural areas places these populations at a greater disadvantage to optimal health with fewer resources and opportunities for quality of life and mental and physical well-being. Public health strategies to reduce rural health disparities require models that incorporate the SDH. This chapter summarizes select SDH that negatively impact rural communities and proposes a public health model to address rural health disparities by incorporating the SDH.
Social Media Recruitment: How to Successfully Integrate Social Media into Recruitment Strategy

While corporations are integrating social media into their recruitment strategies with the assistance of experts, this book provides small and medium-sized businesses with an opportunity to join the trend. The focus is to demonstrate why companies would benefit from social media, how to incorporate this strategy into their existing recruitment strategies, and how to measure its success or failure. Author Andy Headworth, with more than two decades of experience in the recruitment field, wrote his second book as a social media guide. The text consists of the author's personal experience, examples of how other companies have already integrated social media and recruitment, and input of other professionals. The overall integration of this strategy can be confusing due to the number of social media sites available and the limited time recruiters have. Nonetheless, this text explores this topic and provides guidelines to overcome it. Those taking the time to read Headworth text will find a proper tool to overcome the paradigm of social media being solely a communication channel for family and friends and learn how to take advantage of it as a business asset.
Multinational Corporations in the Arctic: From Colonial-Era Chartered Companies to Contemporary Co-management and Collaborative Governance

An imperial crossroads of global—and in particular, economic—importance for centuries, the Western Arctic region remains largely underdeveloped as compared to other such crossroads of empire. It’s a vast region spanning two countries, encompassing one state and two territories that converge along a boundary once separating two global empires, Russia’s and Britain’s, at the zenith of their territorial breadth—until the sale of Russian-America to the United States. The Western Arctic’s relative underdevelopment has resulted in a relatively light influx of settlers, despite—indeed, one might argue, because of—the active role of the world’s first multinational corporations (MNCs), the crown-chartered companies of the colonial era like the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), leaving the indigenous peoples of the region with a substantial and sustained demographic majority that has contributed to their recent, and historic, re-empowerment.
Distributed Adaptive HVAC Control for Multi-Zone Buildings

Buildings consume up to 40% of total energy in developed countries, with half of it consumed by Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Hence developing efficient HVAC control systems is crucial. In this paper we proposed a distributed adaptive control scheme for temperature regulation in a multi-zone building. The proposed scheme assigns to each zone a local controller which controls local heat dynamics and also compensates for the thermal effect of neighboring zones and surroundings, by assuming information exchange between neighboring zones. The control mechanism uses information on zone temperature, but does not require knowledge on system parameters or historical data of system operation. Thus, it can overcome uncertainties, changes of system parameters or disturbances due to human activity fast. The proposed scheme is proven to regulate temperature tracking error to zero in the existence of unknown constant heat gains and its performance is illustrated by a simulation example, where a model building with multiple interacting zones is designed and controlled using EnergyPlus and MATLAB/Simulink software, respectively, in a BCVTB co-simulation environment.
Abstract TP323: The Role of Ejection Fraction in 90 Day Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Infarction Patients Receiving Acute Stroke Therapy

Background: Cardiovascular disease is associated with unfavorable outcomes following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Left ventricularejection fraction (LVEF) alone has not been reported as a significa...
Conditional Single Vector CRISPR/SaCas9 Viruses for Efficient Mutagenesis in the Adult Mouse Nervous System.

Summary Mice engineered for conditional, cell type-specific gene inactivation have dominated the field of mouse genetics because of the high efficiency of Cre-loxP-mediated recombination. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technologies have provided alternatives for rapid gene mutagenesis for loss-of-function (LOF) analysis. Whether these strategies can be streamlined for rapid genetic analysis with the efficiencies comparable with those of conventional genetic approaches has yet to be established. We show that a single adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector containing a recombinase-dependent Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9) and a single guide RNA (sgRNA) are as efficient as conventional conditional gene knockout and can be adapted for use in either Cre- or Flp-driver mouse lines. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated for the analysis of GABAergic, glutamatergic, and monoaminergic neurotransmission. Using this strategy, we reveal insight into the role of GABAergic regulation of midbrain GABA-producing neurons in psychomotor activation.
Music affinity and emotion in Williams Syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder. Of interest to cognitive scientists is the uneven cognitive profile that is characteristic of the syndrome. In spite of mild to moderate intellectual disability, a complex pattern of strengths and weaknesses is found in their cognitive abilities. Strengths are seen in linguistic abilities and facial processing whereas weaknesses include visuo-spatial skills and conceptual reasoning abilities. Numerous anecdotes exist regarding musical abilities in individuals with WS. To elaborate on the neuropsychological profile of WS and particularly to better understand the affinity to music in individuals with WS, the present study examined the perception and production of music in this population. Results revealed that overall, individuals with WS were more expressive than typically developing individuals when they were involved with music. This study serves to further characterize this unique social and cognitive profile of individuals with WS, adding an affinity to music as a characteristic of their phenotype.
Amazons and fallen women: transgressive female behaviour in the novels of Giuseppe Garibaldi

This article draws attention to the understudied literary career of one of Italy's most famous patriots, Giuseppe Garibaldi. From 1868 to 1874, Garibaldi wrote and published three novels: Clelia (1870), Cantoni (1870), and I Mille (1874). Scholars have recognised the works as evidence of Garibaldi's anticlericalism and dissatisfaction with Italy's political moderatism, but have not yet sufficiently shown how the novels reveal the influence of Garibaldi's involvement with the female emancipation movement and his personal relationships with unconventional women. While Garibaldi is less well-known for his feminism than other men of the left, like Giuseppe Mazzini, his fictional heroines celebrate female physical strength and violence, offer women a means of participating in the nation outside the home, and challenge the predominant sexual double standard. While acknowledging that Garibaldi often conformed to prevailing patriarchal literary conventions, this article argues that his novels simultaneously offer support for the values of female emancipation.
2008 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

The special priority and urgent computing environment (SPRUCE) provides on-demand access to high-performance computing resources for time-critical applications. While SPRUCE supports computationally intensive applications, it does not fully support high-priority, data intensive applications. To support data intensive applications in urgent computing environments, we developed the urgent computing environment data resource manager (CEDAR). CEDAR provides storage resource provisioning capabilities that manage the availability and quality of service of storage resources used by urgent computing applications. In this paper, we describe the architecture of CEDAR, illustrate how CEDAR will integrate with urgent computing environments, and evaluate the capabilities of CEDAR in simulated urgent computing environments.
Emergence and Restraint: Indigenous Performances during the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the summer of 2020, I intended to make my second visit to Iqaluit, Nunavut, to speak with people involved in performance and climate science practices, engage in “co-performative witnessing” (methodology after Dwight Conquergood), and work to make my doctoral research useful to communities in Nunavut.1 Needless to say, that didn't happen. However, the limitations imposed by COVID-19 have also been opportunities for all of us in performance studies to renew our understandings of what it is we do. The pandemic has forced me to understand my dissertation project differently and to reassess the complex process of respectfully engaging communities to which I do not personally belong.
A Review of Loveless’s (2019) How to Make Art at the End of the World: A Manifesto for Research-Creation

This piece is a review of Natalie Loveless’s How to Make Art at the End of the World: A Manifesto for Research-Creation (2019). Poetic responses frame a more traditionally structured review. In her book, Loveless draws upon a diverse combination of theories to collage an argument for a care-full ethic in the increasingly neoliberal university. Her manifesto positions research-creation as an opportunity to reframe the narrative of research and pedagogy by going beyond what we study and attend to questions of how and why.
Evaluating chief resident readiness for the teaching assistant role: The Teaching Evaluation assessment of the chief resident (TEACh-R) instrument.

BACKGROUND The American Board of Surgery has mandated chief residents complete 25 cases in the teaching assistant (TA) role. We developed a structured instrument, the Teaching Evaluation and Assessment of the Chief Resident (TEACh-R), to determine readiness and provide feedback for residents in this role. METHODS Senior (PGY3-5) residents were scored on technical and teaching performance by faculty observers using the TEACh-R instrument in the simulation lab. Residents were provided with their TEACh-R scores and surveyed on their experience. RESULTS Scores in technical (p < 0.01) and teaching (p < 0.01) domains increased with PGY. Higher technical, but not teaching, scores correlated with attending-rated readiness for operative independence (p 0.02). Autonomy mismatch was inversely correlated with teaching competence (p < 0.01). Residents reported satisfaction with TEACh-R feedback and desire for use of this instrument in operating room settings. CONCLUSION Our TEACh-R instrument is an effective way to assess technical and teaching performance in the TA role.
Effects of incubation on microstructure gradient in flash-sintered TiO2

Abstract Recent studies show that flash sintering can introduce different types of defects in various ceramics. We investigate the effects of pre-flash incubation on the microstructure of flash-sintered ceramics by comparing flash-sintered TiO2 samples under constant field (CF) and instant field (IF). The CF sample underwent an incubation period before flash sintering, while IF sample “flashed” instantaneously after the application of electric field. The CF induced a higher relative density and greater grain size than those in the IF flash-sintered specimens. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the CF sample has more types of defects, such as dislocations and stacking faults. The correlation between microstructural defects and the incubation period is discussed.
International linkage of interest rates

Abstract This article employs monthly short-term interest rate data over the 1980–1999 period to investigate the intermarket interest rate linkages across seven newly industrialized markets in Asia, and the influence that Japan and the US exert on interest rates in the region. In an attempt to isolate the impact of the liberalization process from the Asian financial crisis on interest rate transmission mechanisms, the sample period is broken down into two equally divided subperiods (1980 through 1989 and 1990 through 1999). The results from the study indicate that (a) the national short-term interest rate nexus is inherently a steady-state, long-run phenomenon, in that they are found to be cointegrated; (b) there is a pronounced increase in the cross-country interest rate linkages during the 1990s; (c) Hong Kong and Singapore play an important, but not dominant, role in the Asian region, and serve to integrate the regional economies and mediate the short-run linkages between the regional and the world financial markets; and (d) while Japan played an influential role during the 1980s, the US supplants Japan's role during the 1990s. Several policy implications are derived.
Subglacial conditions during and after stoppage of an Antarctic Ice Stream: Is reactivation imminent?

Borehole observations from the base of the West-Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) reveal the presence of a 10 to 15 m thick accretionary basal ice layer in the upstream area of Kamb Ice Stream (KIS). This ice layer has formed over a time of several thousand years by freeze-on of subglacial water to the ice base and has recorded during this time basal conditions upstream of its current location. Analysis of samples and videos sequences from boreholes drilled to the bottom of KIS confirms that KIS-stoppage was due to basal freeze-on and that relubrication of the ice stream is well underway. These results further suggest that ice stream cyclicity may be shorter than expected (1000s of years) and that a restart of KIS may be imminent within decades to centuries.
A calcium-sensitive fluorescent analog of calmodulin based on a novel calmodulin-binding fluorophore

Structure-activity studies of tetramethinemerocyanine fluorophores enabled the synthesis of novel dyes which showed spectral changes during reversible, calcium-dependent association with calmodulin. These spectral changes were greatly enhanced in dyes with a quaternary nitrogen and specifically placed hydrophobic chains. One such dye was covalently attached to calmodulin, producing a calmodulin analog with calcium-sensitive fluorescence. The analog, MeroCaM, showed a calcium-induced 3.4-fold increase in excitation ratio (608/532 nm excitation, 623 nm emission), which was fully reversed by lowering free calcium levels. MeroCaM's excitation ratio showed a half-maximal change at 300-400 nM calcium, below calcium concentrations reported to produce half-maximal saturation of calcium-calmodulin binding. However, the calcium dependence of MeroCaM's phosphodiesterase activation paralleled that of calmodulin. MeroCaM's fluorescence changes therefore appear to reflect primarily calcium binding to high affinity sites. MeroCaM's maximal phosphodiesterase activation was 30-40% that of calmodulin. In myosin light chain kinase activation, MeroCaM and calmodulin displayed indistinguishable maximal activation levels and concentration dependence of activation. Changes in MeroCaM's calcium affinity induced by magnesium, phosphodiesterase, and melittin were similar to those reported for calmodulin. Experiments with melittin revealed that target protein interaction could alter the fluorescence changes produced by calcium binding. MeroCaM showed promising brightness and photostability when imaged in individual living fibroblasts. The long excitation and emission wavelengths of MeroCaM, and the strong dependence of its excitation ratio on calcium concentrations, suit it well for use as a probe of calmodulin-dependent calcium signaling in living cells, as well as for experiments in vitro.
Evaporative and Refueling Emissions: Options for Control in the U.S.A.

Abstract To date, U.S. EPA has taken two major steps to reduce evaporative emissions from gasoline-fueled motor vehicles. Beginning with the 1971 model-year, manufacturers were required to equip passenger cars with charcoal canisters to absorb evaporative emissions. These systems were about 30 percent effective in reducing evaporative emissions at a cost of $7.00 per vehicle (all costs in 1986 $US). In 1978, U.S. EPA adopted the SHED test procedure which greatly improved the efficiency of the resultant emission controls by measuring emissions coming from anywhere on the vehicle. By 1981, new vehicle emissions were to be reduced 90 percent from uncontrolled levels at a total cost of less than $22-32 per vehicle, ignoring fuel savings. Two additional control programs were recently proposed. The first would reduce the volatility of commercial fuels to levels enisting in the early 1970s at a cost of l.5$$ per gallon of gasoline. Gradual commercial fuel volatility increases have reduced the in-use efficiency of the 1981 evaporative controls to roughly 60 percent. The second proposal would control roughly 95 percent of refueling losses by modifying the current evaporative emission control system at a cost of $19 per vehicle. Fuel savings would reduce both these costs by roughly 35-65 percent.
Appropriate Rigid Body Correction of Stereophotogrammetry Measurements Made on Rotating Systems

Stereophotogrammetry has typically been used to measure the response of non-rotating dynamic systems. More recently, this technique has been used to measure the motion of both small and large rotating systems. Often, the rigid body motion (RBM) of these systems is orders of magnitude larger than the flexible motion of interest and it may be desirable to remove the RBM using a measurement point subset. In earlier work, stereophotogrammetry was used to collect operating data on a small rotating wind turbine. Two rigid body correction (RBC) schemes were applied to this data generating very different results at one of the blade tips. The purpose of this work is to mathematically describe RBC and present the results of a small wind turbine RBC sensitivity study. This study shows how the selection of the measurement point subset used in the RBC can affect measured system dynamics. The sensitivity study can be used to determine the appropriate size of the measurement point region used in the RBC to examine the flexible response with respect to a rigid region of the structure. Performing RBC on rotating systems is not always straightforward and the incorrect application of these algorithms can distort dynamic measurements.
Reflections on the origins of meta‐analysis

In this interview, we discuss my early uses of meta-analytic procedures, first to combine p-values and then to combine effect sizes as well. My interest in quantifying the magnitude and the statistical significance of the effect of interpersonal expectations probably grew out of the following: (1) a long-held interest in the concept of replication and (2) a series of controversies over the very existence of any effect of interpersonal expectations held, for example, by psychological experimenters, classroom teachers, and leaders of various organizations.
A covariance analysis technique for the federated Kalman filter

A covariance analysis technique for the federated Kalman filter based on suboptimal system models is described. A review of the federated filter is given. Performance techniques for suboptimal filters are reviewed and extended to apply to the federated filter. A simple example is provided to demonstrate the technique. The results are compared with those from a Monte Carlo simulation for validation. The covariance analysis technique is shown to provide equivalent results, and requires substantially less computer time for execution. The covariance analysis solution was obtained in much less time that the Monte Carlo results, allowing for the Kalman filter designer to spend more time evaluating results and less time waiting for simulations to be completed. >
Systems Biology in Cancer Research: Genomics to Cellomics

Cancers result from large-scale deregulation of genes that lead to cancer pathophysiologies such as increase proliferation, decreased apoptosis, increased motility, increased angiogenesis, and others. Genes that influence proliferation and apoptosis are particularly attractive as therapeutic targets. To identify genes that influence these phenotypes, we have developed simple and rapid methods to measure apoptosis and cell proliferation using high content screening with YO-PRO®-1 and anti-BrdU staining of BrdU pulsed cells, respectively.
Electron transport and protein secretion pathways involved in Mn(III) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis.

Summary Soluble Mn(III) represents an important yet overlooked oxidant in marine and freshwater systems. The molecular mechanism of microbial Mn(III) reduction, however, has yet to be elucidated. Extracellular reduction of insoluble Mn(IV) and Fe(III) oxides by the metal-reducing γ-proteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis involves inner (CymA) and outer (OmcA) membrane-associated c-type cytochromes, the extracellular electron conduit MtrCAB, and GspD, the secretin of type II protein secretion. CymA, MtrCAB and GspD mutants were unable to reduce Mn(III) and Mn(IV) with lactate, H2, or formate as electron donor. The OmcA mutant reduced Mn(III) and Mn(IV) at near wild-type rates with lactate and formate as electron donor. With H2 as electron donor, however, the OmcA mutant was unable to reduce Mn(III) but reduced Mn(IV) at wild-type rates. Analogous Fe(III) reduction rate analyses indicated that other electron carriers compensated for the absence of OmcA, CymA, MtrCAB and GspD during Fe(III) reduction in an electron donor-dependent fashion. Results of the present study demonstrate that the S. oneidensis electron transport and protein secretion components involved in extracellular electron transfer to external Mn(IV) and Fe(III) oxides are also required for electron transfer to Mn(III) and that OmcA may function as a dedicated component of an H2 oxidation-linked Mn(III) reduction system.
Pediatric tracheotomies: changing indications and outcomes.

Objective/Hypothesis: To study the outcomes and complications associated with pediatric tracheotomy, as well as the changing trend in indications and outcomes since 1970. Study Design: Retrospective chart review at a major tertiary care children's hospital. Methods: On children who underwent tracheotomy at Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters (Norfolk, VA) between 1988 and 1998, inpatient and outpatient records were reviewed. Of 218 tracheotomies, sufficient data were available on 204. Indications for tracheotomy were placed into the following six groups: craniofacial abnormalities (13%), upper airway obstruction (19%), prolonged intubation (26%), neurological impairment (27%), trauma (7%), and vocal fold paralysis (7%). Results: The average age at tracheotomy was 3.2 ± 0.6 years. Although the prolonged intubation group was significantly younger than all others, the neurological impairment and trauma groups were significantly older. Decannulation was accomplished in 41%. Time to decannulation was significantly higher in the neurological impairment and prolonged intubation groups, but was significantly shorter in the craniofacial group. Complications occurred in 44%. Overall mortality was 19%, with a 3.6% tracheotomy-related death rate. Comparison of our series to other published series of pediatric tracheotomies since 1970 shows fewer being performed for airway infections and more for chronic diseases, with a corresponding increase in duration of tracheotomy and decreased decannulation rates. Conclusions: Tracheotomy is a procedure performed with relative frequency at tertiary care children's hospitals. While children receiving a tracheotomy have a high overall mortality, deaths are usually related to the underlying disease, not the tracheotomy itself.
Incomplete LU preconditioner for FMM implementation

An incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioner using the near-field matrix of the fast multipole method (FMM) is investigated to increase the efficiency of the iterative conjugate gradient squared (CGS) solver. Unlike the conventional LU, ILU requires no fill ins, and hence no extra memory and CPU time in computing the LU decomposed preconditioner. It is shown that, due to the nature of the near-field matrix, ILU preconditioning decreases the number of iterations dramatically. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 265–267, 2000.
Partitioned Error Control

We propose a new two-degrees-of-freedom control structure. Two-degrees-of-freedom controllers are usually implemented when there are stringent requirements on both setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection. Two-degrees-of-freedom controllers are not new; however, the structure of our controller is novel and has several desirable features. It is also a model-based two-degrees-of-freedom controller, but is not quite the same as an internal model control controller. Under the perfect model assumption, the characteristic equations for the setpoint change and load disturbance are distinct and include the process model and the controller designed to handle each disturbance. This control structure allows for separate controllers to be designed to handle setpoint changes and load disturbances. Another desirable feature is that it allows for simple closed-loop determination of the process model.
Evaporation of water through butanol films at the surface of supercooled sulfuric acid.

The evaporation of water was monitored from 60, 64, and 68 wt % D2SO4 at 213 K containing 0−0.18 M 1-butanol. Measurements were performed in vacuum using a mass spectrometer to record the velocities and relative fluxes of the desorbing D2O. In addition, the surface activity of butanol in the acid was characterized by hyperthermal argon atom scattering in conjunction with surface tension and butanol evaporation measurements. The segregated butyl species reach surface concentrations of ∼4 × 1014 cm-2 (∼80% surface coverage) at 0.18 M bulk concentration. We find that the butyl films do not impede the evaporation of D2O from the acid to within the 5% uncertainty of the measurements. This result implies that small, soluble surfactants such as butanol form porous films that will not alter the growth or shrinkage of supercooled sulfuric acid droplets in the atmosphere.
Manufacturer–reseller e-business arrangements: The impact of inequity on relationship performance and the moderating role of dependence

Abstract Manufacturer–reseller e-business arrangements are changing the nature of channel relationships. When manufacturers supply e-business tools to their resellers, resellers may perceive that the benefits of technology are not shared equitably. This research explores this issue by examining two technology based antecedents of perceived inequity from the reseller perspective. We also examine the impact of perceived inequity on relationship performance, and the moderating role of reseller dependence on the proposed inequity–performance link. The results of the empirical test involving a sample of 224 resellers suggest that perceived inequity negatively impacts relationship performance, while reseller dependence plays a moderating role. Implications of these findings for researchers and managers are discussed.
Forebody flow control on a full-scale F/A-18 aircraft

A full-scale F/A-18 was tested in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center to measure the effectiveness of pneumatic forebody vortex control devices. By altering the forebody vortex flow, yaw control can be maintained to angles of attack greater than 50 deg. Two forebody vortex control devices were tested: a discrete circular jet and a tangential slot. The tests were conducted for angles of attack between 25 and 50 deg, and angles of sideslip from 0 to +/- 15 deg. The Reynolds number based on wing mean aerodynamic chord ranged from 4.5 x 10 exp 6 to 12.0 x 10 exp 6. The time-averaged side forces and yawing moments, along with both time-averaged and time-dependent pressures on the forebody of the aircraft are presented here for various configurations. Of particular interest was the results that the tangential slot blowing had a greater effect on the yawing moment than the discrete circular jet. Additionally, it was found that blowing very close to the radome apex was not as effective as blowing slightly farther aft on the radome, and that a 16-inch slot was more effective than either an 8- or 48-inch long slot.
Blind deconvolution of sparse spike trains using stochastic optimization

The author proposes an approach to blind deconvolution of Bernoulli-Gaussian processes based upon true maximum-likelihood estimation of fixed-dimension quantities. The maximum likelihood estimator is implemented using a stochastic version of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Practical results are in accordance with the known behavior of maximum-likelihood estimates, and the algorithm presents a moderate numerical complexity. >
Tolerability and safety of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients receiving intravenous vasopressor therapy.

Background: Enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended within the first 24–48 hours following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) once resuscitation and hemodynamic stability have been achieved; however, hemodynamic stability is not well defined. Objective: To evaluate the tolerability and safety of EN in critically ill patients receiving intravenous (IV) vasopressor therapy. Methods: A retrospective medical record review was conducted in an urban academic medical center and included adult ICU patients from 2011 who received concomitant EN and IV vasopressor therapy for ≥1 hour. EN tolerance was defined as an absence of gastric residuals ≥300 mL, emesis, positive finding on abdominal imaging, and evidence of bowel ischemia/perforation. Results: Two hundred fifty-nine patients received 346 episodes of concomitant EN and IV vasopressor therapy. Overall EN tolerability was 74.9%. Adverse events included rising serum lactate (30.6%), elevated gastric residuals (14.5%), emesis (9.0%), positive finding on kidn...
Physicochemical criteria for reverse osmosis separation of alcohols, phenols, and monocarboxylic acid in aqueous solutions using porous cellulose acetate membranes

Reverse osmosis data of 32 different alcohols and phenols and 22 different monocarboxylic acids in aqueous solutions in the concentration range 0.0001 to 0.007M (∼100 ppm in most cases) have been studied using porous cellulose acetate membranes at 250 psig. Solute separation data for alcohols and phenols are correlated with Δνs (shift in the OH band maximum in the IR spectra), and those for the monocarboxylic acids are correlated with Ka (dissociation constant) and the degree of dissociation of the molecule. Solute separation decreases with increase in Δνs for alcohols and phenols. The solute separation-versus-Ka correlation for acids passes through a minimum, and solute separation always increases with increase in the degree of dissociation. The separation data are also correlated with Taft and Hammett numbers which represent the effect of the substituent group on the polar effect of the molecule. The product rate data show a general tendency to decrease with decrease in solute separation in all cases. These results show that, with respect to the systems considered, solute separation in reverse osmosis is governed by the hydrogen bonding ability of the organic molecule when it is essentially undissociated and by electrostatic repulsion of ions when the molecule is partially or completely dissociated. Thus, data on Δνs for alcohols and phenols, and those on Ka and degree of dissociation for monocarboxylic acids, constitute precise physicochemical criteria for reverse osmosis separation of the above solutes in aqueous solutions using porous cellulose acetate membranes.
Bacterial Meningitis — A View of the Past 90 Years

The history of community-acquired bacterial meningitis arguably represents the best example of the salutary effect of the introduction of antimicrobial agents. Before the use of specific antiserums...
Diffusion Constants near the Critical Point for Time-Dependent Ising Models. II

The diffusion constant of spins in ferromagnets or of molecules in binary mixtures near the critical point is discussed employing a time-dependent Ising model in which spin interactions are replaced by certain temperature-dependent transition probabilities of spin exchange. The spin diffusion constant is calculated with the single approximation of replacing a reduced spin distribution function by its value for local equilibrium with a given inhomogeneous spin density. The behavior of the diffusion constant near the critical point is dominated by a factor ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, where $\ensuremath{\chi}$ is the magnetic susceptibility. This problem is also studied with the use of the Bethe lattice. The effects of surrounding spins on the transition probability for spin exchange are found to be essential for obtaining the critical slowing-down near the critical point. In view of this, Koci\ifmmode \acute{n}\else \'{n}\fi{}ski's calculation of the spin diffusion constant is critically discussed.
Su1648 Endoscopic Transpapillary Insertion of Nasobiliary Catheters for High Dose Rate (Hdr) Brachytherapy As Part of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Mayo Clinic Experience

differentiate the prognosis was developed by using a stepwise Cox regression model. This study was approved by Institutional Review Board of Xijing Hospital. Results: Biliary duct carcinoma (34.4%), pancreatic cancer (24.2%), ampulla carcinoma (20.4%) were the three main causes of MBS. 24.2% of MBS site was located in hilum. 43.3% of patients had metastasis to lymph node, vascular or distal organ. The overall OS was 4.6 months (95% CI 3.7-6.1) for all patients. Three parameters, including hilar stricture of Bismuth type III or IV (H), metastatic status (M) and pre-ERCP total bilirubin (B), were independent prognostic factors for OS and were used to create a point score (Table 1), where HMB scoreZ 1.0 H (1 if Bismuth type III or IV, 0 no) + 1.5 M (1 if metastasis, 0 no) + 2.0 B (1 if TBILR7mg/dL, 0 TBIL!7mg/dL). The median OS in patients with HMB score of 0, 1-2 and O2 were 17.2 (95% CI 11.4-23.0), 7.3 (95% CI 5.4-9.1) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.9-3.6) months respectively (p!0.001, Figure 1). Conclusions: The HMB score identified three subgroups with distinct prognosis in patients with MBS receiving only conservative therapy after ERCP. Plastic stents might be appropriate choice for patients with the HMB score O2. Further validation of the score is warranted in an independent patient cohort. Table 1. Results of multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors in patients with malignant biliary stricture receiving only conservative therapy after ERCP Variable Overall survival HMB score points p value HR 95%CI B score Hilar stricture of Bismuth III /IV No 1 Yes 1.655 1.111-2.463 0.504 1.0 0.013 Metastatic status No 1 Yes 1.988 1.347-2.933 0.687 1.5 0.001 pre-ERCP TBIL !7mg/dL 1 R7mg/dL 2.657 1.578-4.474 0.977 2.0 0.000 Figure 1. P rognostic significance of the HMB score in three subgroups of patients.
A note on stationarity of spherical measures

In this short note we show that any smooth probability measure on the boundaryB(G) of a semisimple Lie groupG is stationary for some probability measure on a lattice Γ. This generalizes a result of Furstenberg about Poisson boundaries for semisimple Lie groups.
The microbiota, chemical symbiosis, and human disease.

Our understanding of mammalian–microbial mutualism has expanded by combing microbial sequencing with evolving molecular and cellular methods, as well as unique model systems. Here, the recent literature linking the microbiota to diseases of three of the key mammalian mucosal epithelial compartments—nasal, lung, and gastrointestinal tract—is reviewed with a focus on new knowledge about the taxa, species, proteins, and chemistry that promote health and impact progression toward disease. The information presented is further organized by specific diseases now associated with the microbiota: Staphylococcus aureus infection and rhinosinusitis in the nasal-sinus mucosa, as well as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, and asthma in the pulmonary tissues. For the vast and microbially dynamic gastrointestinal compartment, several disorders are considered, including obesity, atherosclerosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, drug toxicity, and even autism. Our appreciation of the chemical symbiosis ongoing between human systems and the microbiota continues to grow and suggests new opportunities for modulating this symbiosis using designed interventions.
Nonlinear granular electrostatics

We study the effect of interactions between dipole moments of grains exposed to strong electric field gradients, and we find that several novel behaviors appear, including dynamical dust swirls and a variety of vertical columns and filaments of grains. We find that we can qualitatively reproduce most observed experimental phenomena in simple simulations, and we demonstrate that the observed phenomena are a direct consequence of intrinsic nonlinear electrostatic interactions between neighboring particles. We close by drawing a parallel between granular electrostatics and the better-established field of celestial mechanics, since both fields involve multi-body forces governed by an inverse-squared law.
Low resistance contacts to p-type cadmium telluride

A survey of metal contacts to p-type CdTe has revealed that the best contact is one prepared by vacuum deposition of CuAu onto a surface that has been etched with K2Cr2O7:H2SO4 . The contact resistivity on 0.5 ohm-cm p-type CdTe is between 0.1 and 0.5 ohm-cm2 . The contact resistivity does increase if subjected to heat treatment, but is stable in air at room temperature for at least several months. Contacts of CuAu and Au on a chromate etched surface were compared in detail with similar metal contacts on a methanol-bromine etched surface through measurements of current vs. voltage as a function of temperature, photovoltaic response, and Auger analysis. CuAu contacts on a chromate etched surface are describable in terms of a thermally assisted tunneling model with a barrier height of about 0.60 eV. Au contacts on either a chromate etched or a methanol-bromine etched surface can be described equally well by a thermally assisted tunneling model or by a thermionic emission model. In either case the barrier height is about 0.1 eV larger on the methanol-bromine etched surface than on the chromate etched surface. Auger analysis indicates that chromate etching produces a tellurium rich surface that plays a key role in determining subsequent contact properties.
Comparison of two 1f noise models in MOSFETs

Abstract The noise expressions for the number fluctuation model and for the mobility fluctuation model of 1 f in MOSFETs at low drain bias are derived and expressed in terms of the effective trap parameter [NT(Ef)]eff/ϵ and in Hooge's parameter αH, respectively. It is indicated how the turn-on voltage VT of the device and the carrier mobility μ can be evaluated from the characteristics; the two parameters can then be determined from the measured drain noise. Both parameters have modest values; either model might be correct, but the present measurements cannot discriminate between the models. Silicon on sapphire MOSFETs have values for these parameters that are a factor 200 larger than other devices.
On the Interaction of Stark Effect and Electron Spin in Alkali Atoms

The Stark effect in alkali metal atoms in weak fields is, on the basis of both theory and experiment, a second order effect. It is shown here on the basis of the quantum mechanics that when the second order Stark effect is large enough to be comparable with the multiplet structure, there appears, due to the interaction of the Stark effect and spin, an effect which, in its influence on the multiplet structure, is not unlike the Paschen-Back effect in the magnetic case. It causes a distortion of the multiplet structure and a redistribution of the intensities of the spectral lines.
Collective Modes of a Two-Dimensional Wigner Crystal

Calculations of the frequency spectrum of lattice vibrations of a finite two-dimensional electron crystal show a soundlike shear mode and a longitudinal mode that has an anomalous dispersion relation. At long wavelengths the frequency of the longitudinal mode varies as the square root of the wave vector. This arises because of the long-range nature of the Coulomb force between the electrons and is analogous to the longitudinal plasma vibration in a three-dimensional Wigner lattice.
Evaluating Reliance on Narratives in the Psychological Study of Religious Experiences

In studying religious and spiritual experiences (RSEs), psychologists of religion have relied heavily on narratives. How sound is this practice? Using the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI), we diagnosed basic features of RSEs as narrated by 39 participants. This information permitted comparison with third-party ratings of narratives of the same experiences using the PCI's phenomenological categories. Analyzing participant ratings against baseline happy and ordinary experiences showed that the RSEs in our sample possess distinctive phenomenological features. Analyzing participant ratings against third-party ratings of RSE narratives disclosed significant and intelligible differences. Psychologists of religion should rely on RSE narratives where they are effective at communicating experiential content and supplement them with other approaches where narratives are less effective. Combining best practices from both approaches yields a more complete description of RSEs.
OSBP Is a Cholesterol-Regulated Scaffolding Protein in Control of ERK1/2 Activation

Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is the founding member of a family of sterol-binding proteins implicated in vesicle transport, lipid metabolism, and signal transduction. Here, OSBP was found to function as a cholesterol-binding scaffolding protein coordinating the activity of two phosphatases to control the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Cytosolic OSBP formed a approximately 440-kilodalton oligomer with a member of the PTPPBS family of tyrosine phosphatases, the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A, and cholesterol. This oligomer had dual specific phosphatase activity for phosphorylated ERK (pERK). When cell cholesterol was lowered, the oligomer disassembled and the level of pERK rose. The oligomer also disassembled when exposed to oxysterols. Increasing the amount of OSBP oligomer rendered cells resistant to the effects of cholesterol depletion and decreased the basal level of pERK. Thus, cholesterol functions through its interaction with OSBP outside of membranes to regulate the assembly of an oligomeric phosphatase that controls a key signaling pathway in the cell.
Metabolic risk during antipsychotic treatment.

Abstract Background: Compared with the general population, individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate an increased prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased adiposity is associated with decreases in insulin sensitivity, leading to an increased risk of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Antipsychotic medications can increase adiposity, and a range of evidence from case reports, observational studies, retrospective database analyses, and controlled experimental studies (including randomized clinical trials) suggests that treatment with antipsychotic medications may be associated with an increased risk for insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and T2DM. Objective: This article reviews current evidence for the hypothesis that treatment with antipsychotic medications may be associated with increased risks for weight gain, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and T2DM, and examines the relationship of adiposity to medical risk. Methods: Relevant publications were identified through a search of MEDLINE from 1975 to the present using the primary search parameters “diabetes or hyperglycemia or glucose or insulin or lipids” and “antipsychotic.” Meeting abstracts and earlier nonindexed articles concerning antipsychotic-associated weight gain and metabolic disturbance were also reviewed. Key studies in this emerging literature were summarized, including case reports, observational studies, retrospective database analyses, and controlled experimental studies. Results: Individual antipsychotic medications are associated with different degrees of treatment-induced increases in body weight and adiposity, ranging from modest effects ( Conclusion: Metabolic changes in psychiatric patients who receive antipsychotic agents can contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome and increase the risk for T2DM and CVD.