cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poverty Among Asian Americans: Theories and Approaches

Asian Americans are not immune to poverty and its consequences. This paper has reviewed several poverty-related concepts and theories and examined their relevance for understanding and dealing with poverty among Asian Americans. Social work interventions are proposed at both macro and micro levels together with the professional skills necessary for those interventions. Even in our affluent country, poverty abounds and affects people of all races, colors and cultures. Asian Americans are no exception. They are not immune to poverty and its consequences. Asian Americans are the third largest racial and ethnic minority in the country. Despite differences in the cultures of the lands of their origin and the degree of acculturation, most Asian Americans share some common values and world views that set them apart from the majority community and rest of the population. Like other minorities, they suffer from racism and other disadvantages of being a minority. They also have an added disadvantage-that of invisibility. They have tended to struggle with their problems themselves without much help from the society at large and thereby, earned the title of "model minority". A model minority is conceived as one that has successfully overcome its social handicaps and one that does not require special attention and aid. This makes their poverty particularly painful because no one knows it exists. In terms of the demographics, let us see who Asian Americans are. In a recent report on the Asian and Pacific Islander Population in the United States, Bennett (1992) has compared Asian Americans with the White population. Some of the highlights of that report are:
The Higher Educational Institution assesses the Community Partnership in Service-Learning: One Strategy for Institutionalizing Service-Learning

Service-learning is a pedagogical methodology used by numerous higher educational institutions around the country. This study offers substantive institutional-community partner survey question examples from Campus Compact member websites targeting institutional assessment of the community partner for ascertaining both the quality and effectiveness of service-learning on campus and for accreditation purposes. There is a paucity of service-learning institutional assessment research, and this study attempts to alleviate that gap.
Analysis of a timing control algorithm for QS-CDMA

A new timing control (TC) algorithm for quasi-synchronous code-division multiple-access (QS-CDMA) is described. Timing control is established via two-way transmissions of low duty cycle Barker sequences between remote terminals (RTs) and the access point (AP). The throughput is analyzed in terms of the the average number of active RTs per frame, and the percentage of data packets successfully transmitted. Both matched filter and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detectors are considered in the throughput computation, with BCH coding for compatibility with ATM networks.
Forecasting Future Volatility from Option Prices

Evidence exists that option prices produce biased forecasts of future volatility across a wide variety of options markets. This paper presents two main results. First, approximately half of the forecasting bias in the S&P 500 index (SPX) options market is eliminated by constructing measures of realized volatility from five minute observations on SPX futures rather than from daily closing SPX levels. Second, much of the remaining forecasting bias is eliminated by employing an option pricing model that permits a non-zero market price of volatility risk.
Regulatory Mechanisms in Carbohydrate Metabolism IX. STIMULATION OF AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS BY ENERGY-LINKED ION TRANSPORT AND INHIBITION BY DEXTRAN SULFATE

Abstract 1. Aerobic lactic acid production in ascites tumor cells was not inhibited by rutamycin, indicating that the ADP and Pi required to sustain glycolysis were not supplied by mitochondrial ATPase. In contrast, the marked stimulation of lactic acid production induced by dinitrophenol was eliminated by rutamycin. 2. Parallel studies on the inhibition of lactic acid production and monovalent cation transport by ouabain revealed a close relationship between the two processes. About 1 mole of lactic acid was formed per mole of monovalent cation translocated. 3. The depression of glycolysis by ouabain was shown to result from the inhibition of (Na+, K+)-ATPase rather than from a lack of K+ as indicated by the high rate of aerobic glycolysis induced by dinitrophenol in the presence of ouabain. In the absence of dinitrophenol both Na+ and K+ were required for optimal glycolysis. 4. Evidence for a sodium-linked transport of Pi was obtained. 5. Dextran sulfate and other related compounds were found to have a profound effect on the permeability properties of ascites tumor cells. Glycolysis was markedly inhibited by dextran sulfate, and loss of intracellular ions, adenine nucleotides, and protein was demonstrated. In the presence of excess adenine nucleotides and Pi in the medium, dextran sulfate did not inhibit; in fact, it consistently stimulated glycolysis. It was shown that under these conditions AMP entered the cells and was converted into ATP. 6. The regulation of glycolysis in tumor cells by energy-linked ion transport is discussed.
Pathogenesis of Pneumocystis.

Pneumocystis can be detected in small numbers in hosts with intact immune systems, although the precise kinetics of this host-pathogen relationship are only now being systematically studied. Recent studies have detected Pneumocystis DNA in neonatal human and rat populations, but an assessment of potential reservoirs in the general population is only in its infancy. The sheer number of Pneumocystis-seropositive immunocompetent individuals argues against the fulminant Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)-infected host as the primary source of infection, since these patients are rare (in relation to the general public) and are often hospitalized or have limited access to the general population. Studies now being conducted with human populations, both immunosuppressed and non-immunsuppressed, point to certain reservoirs of infection in the general population, including patients with underlying disease states besides human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) or overt immunosuppression, neonates, and possibly pregnant women. This is an active and concerted area of research, and basic epidemiological principles for Pneumocystis infection should emerge within the next few years. Immunoblotting studies identified the major immunoglobulin G-reactive antigens of Pneumocystis from humans and animal models to be present at two regions with distinct molecular masses. Pneumocystis life cycle stages form tightly bound aggregates within the lung alveoli, presumably mediated by major surface glycoproteins (MSGs)-MSG interactions. A lack of clonal populations and of the ability to manipulate the genetics of Pneumocystis has prevented the demonstration of specific virulence factors.
Teaching graphic novels: practical strategies for the secondary ELA classroom, by Kate Monnin

The expressive typeface and playful images that populate the pages of Kate Monnin's new book on teaching graphic novels are somewhat deceptive. Though one might suspect her colourful and lively tex...
Review of Notes from the Talking Drum: Exploring Black Communication and Critical Memory in Intercultural Communication Contexts, by Mark C. Hopson (2011)

Long before Carol Hanisch coined the phrase “the personal is political,” as a credo for radical feminism, the struggle between the embodied experiences of everyday life and the attitudinal and inst...
Nanomaterials for wound healing: scope and advancement

Innovative methods for treating impaired and hard-to-heal wounds are needed. Novel strategies are needed for faster healing by reducing infection, moisturizing the wound, stimulating the healing mechanisms, speeding up the wound closure and reducing scar formation. In the past few years, nanotechnology has been constantly revolutionizing the treatment and management of wound care, by offering novel solutions which include but are not limited to: state-of-the-art materials, so called 'smart' biomaterials and theranostic nanoparticles. Nanotechnology-based therapy has recently announced itself as a possible next-generation therapy that is able to advance wound healing to cure chronic wounds. In this communication, the recent progress in advanced therapy for cutaneous wound healing during last 5 years using a nanotechnology-based approach is summarized.
Dislocation mechanisms, diffusional processes and creep behavior in NbCx

Abstract A brittle-ductile transition occurs around 1373 K in NbCx primarily as a result of the increase in the metal character of the bonding with increasing temperature. Steady-state creep in NbCx between 1373 and 1573 K occurs by dislocation glide to form equiaxed cell structures; it is controlled by the unlocking of dislocation interactions within the cell walls. Between 1573 and 1873 K, the kinetic data indicate a transition from dislocation glide to dislocation climb as the rate controlling creep process. Above 1873 K, subboundary formation, and polygonization confirms that dislocation glide and climb are occurring during creep. The activation energy values for creep in this temperature range are consistent with niobium lattice diffusion as the rate controlling mechanism.
MEDLINE users, usage and economics.

The on-line services of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) have grown in terms of both numbers of institutions using the service and in terms of total service provided. About 10 billed institutions are added per month with a total of 675 such institutions at the end of 1977. Total searches have now reached 900 000 per year. NLM services account for about 45 per cent of all the bibliographic searching in the US. The effect of prices has been significant.Les services temps reel de la National Library of Medicine (NLM) se sont considerablement developpes tant par le nombre des institutions qui utilisent le systeme que par la variete des services offerts aux utilisateurs.Dix organismes environ s'affilient par mois au systeme MEDLINE, qui comptait 675 abonnes a la fin de 1977. Dans une annee, le nombre des recherches s'eleve a 900 000. Actuellement les services de la NLM repondent a 45 pour cent des recherches bibliographiques effectuees aux USA. Cette importante activite a eu une repercussion significativ...
Enhancement of 3H-noradrenaline overflow from cardiac sympathetic nerves by low Ca and tetraethylammonium.

1. The influence of varying concentrations of Ca and tetraethylammonium (TEA) was investigated on spontaneous and stimulation-evoked overflow of 2H-noradrenaline in the isolated heart of the guinea pig. 2. Perfusion of the heart with Krebs-bicarbonate solution containing 0–2.5 mM Ca does not modify the spontaneous overflow of 3H-noradrenaline. 3. Exposure of the heart to 3, 10 or 30 mM TEA for 15 min had also no significant effect on the spontaneous overflow of 3H-noradrenaline. 4. A combination of low Ca (0.1–0.3 mM) and 10–30 mM TEA produced about 2- to 4-fold increase in the spontaneous overflow of 3H-noradrenaline. The response was reduced in 0 mM Ca plus 30 mM TEA. 5. 3H-Noradrenaline overflow induced by 0.25 mM Ca and 30 mM TEA was abolished by prior treatment of the heart with 0.3 μM tetrodotoxin (TTX). Washout of TTX restored the response. 6. 3H-Noradrenaline overflow induced by low Ca and high TEA was depressed in the presence of 15 mM Mg or 1 mM lanthanum. 7. Stimulation-evoked (1 Hz for 180 s) 3H-noradrenaline overflow was abolished in 0.1 mM Ca medium. However, addition of 30 mM TEA to such medium not only doubled spontaneous overflow, but also that evoked by electrical stimulation was greatly facilitated (about 4-fold). 8. It is implied that sympathetic nerves develop spontaneous action potentials in low Ca medium, but not enough Ca enters to produce an overflow of 3H-noradrenaline. However, upon exposure to TEA, the duration of spontaneous action potentials is prolonged. As a result, enough Ca enters into the neurone to produce exocytotic release of 3H-noradrenaline even in the absence of electrical stimulation.
Benevolent Sexist Beliefs Predict Perceptions of Speakers and Recipients of a Term of Endearment

This study examined how endorsement of benevolent sexist ideologies predicts perceptions of requesters who use a term of endearment and of the female addressees who comply with their requests. Undergraduate women who previously completed the Benevolent Sexism Scale as part of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory were randomly assigned to one of four groups. They watched one of four videos in which a female addressee responded to a request that either included or did not include the term of endearment "hon"; the requester was either male or female. Participants then rated both actors' social likeability. Among participants who watched a woman respond to a female requester who addressed her with the term "hon," benevolent sexism scores predicted liking for the female responder and disliking of the female requester. Findings reflect the dissatisfaction of women who are high in benevolent sexism with women who act outside of traditional gender role expectations.
A Quantile Regression Approach to Areal Interpolation

Areal interpolation has been developed to provide attribute estimates whenever data compilation or an analysis requires a change in the measurement support. Over time numerous approaches have been proposed to solve the problem of areal interpolation. Quantile regression is used in this study as the basis of the areal interpolator because it provides estimates conditioned on local parameters rather than global ones. An empirical case study is provided using a data set in northern New England. Land cover data, provided by the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, derived from remotely sensed images for 2001 captured by the LANDSAT Thematic Mapper at a resolution of 30 × 30 meters, are used for the ancillary variables for the regression model. The utility of quantile regression as an areal interpolation method is evaluated against simple averages, areal weighting, dasymetric interpolation, and ordinary least squares and spatial regression methods. For the empirical data set used in the study, results ...
Chiral 1,4-dihydropyridines. Synthesis and absolute configuration.

Abstract Addition of organometallics to chiral 3-pyridyl oxazolines gave high diastereoselectivity at the 4-position of the pyridine nucleus. Absolute configuration was determined by x-ray analysis.
Comparison of patterns of relapse in thymic carcinoma and thymoma.

Objective Thymic carcinomas are considered to be more aggressive than thymomas and carry a worse prognosis. We reviewed our recent experience with the surgical management of thymic tumors and compared the outcomes and patterns of relapse between patients with thymic carcinoma and those with thymoma. Methods We performed a single-institution retrospective cohort study. Data included patient demographics, stage, treatment, pathologic findings, and postoperative outcomes. Results During the period 1995–2006, 120 patients with thymic tumors underwent surgical intervention, including 23 patients with thymic carcinoma and 97 patients with thymoma, as classified according to the World Health Organization 2004 histologic classification. The overall 5-year survival was significantly different between patients with thymic carcinoma and those with thymoma (thymic carcinoma, 53%; thymoma, 89%; P = .01). Data on relapse were available for 112 patients. The progression-free 5-year survival was also significantly different between patients with thymic carcinoma and those with thymoma (thymic carcinoma, 36%; thymoma, 75%; P P = .01). Conclusions Patterns of relapse differ significantly between patients with thymic carcinoma and those with thymoma, with lower progression-free survival, earlier onset, and more distant relapses in patients with thymic carcinoma. Given the greater propensity for distant failures, the inclusion of systemic therapy in the treatment of thymic carcinoma might take on greater importance. Despite significantly higher rates of distant relapse, good overall survival in patients with thymic carcinoma can be achieved.
Identification and sequential estimation of panel data models with insufficient exclusion restrictions

Abstract This paper presents estimators for nonparametric panel data models with additive fixed effects. We analyze a model in which the entire regressor vector, consisting of time-varying as well as time-invariant regressors, is correlated with the individual fixed effect but there are insufficient exclusion restrictions to permit direct instrumental variables estimation of the model. It is shown that when the model satisfies the Additive Interactive Regression (AIR) representation of Andrews and Whang (Economic theory 6 (1990) 466–480), a sequential estimator consistently estimates the model. The limiting distribution of scalar nonlinear functionals of the model is shown to be standard normal. Finite sample properties of the estimator are considered in a Monte Carlo simulation study, and used to estimate the returns to education in a cohort of mature men from the National Longitudinal Survey.
UHV STM I(V) and XPS studies of aryl diazonium molecules assembled on Si(111).

Molecular layers formed from 4-trifluoromethylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and 4-Methylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate have been assembled on H-passivated Si(111) and studied by UHV STM and XPS. STM imaging shows well-developed Si(111) step edges and terraces both on Si(111):H and Si(111) substrates covered with a molecular layer. STM I(V) data acquired at different tip−substrate separations reveals a factor of ∼10 enhancement in current for positive bias voltage when current flows through the 4-trifluoromethyl molecule when compared to the 4-methyl variant. The observed current enhancement in I(V) can be understood by comparing the projected density of states of the two molecule−Si systems calculated using a density functional theory local density approximation after geometry optimization was performed via the conjugate gradient method. XPS data independently confirm that H-passivated Si(111) remains oxygen free for short exposures to ambient conditions and provide evidence that the molecules ch...
Managing for Productive Schools: the Principal's Role in Contemporary Education:

Educational reform efforts hroughout the last decade have called for a revision of the princi pal's role, with an increased focus on instructional leadership. Rather than viewing the princi pal's r...
Phosphatase-triggered guest release from a cyclodextrin complex.

A synthetic supramolecular system is described that models the effect of phosphoryl transfer in molecular recognition. β-Cyclodextrin-6A-phosphate (pCD), which is shown to be a substrate of alkalin...
Strategies for Efficient Particle Resolution in the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method

The accuracy and computational cost of a direct simulation Monte Carlo simulation are directly related to the number of particles per cell. Optimal computational efficiency is achieved when the minimum number of particles needed for accurate resolution is used in each cell. Particle count is shown to scale proportionally with the inverse of gas density. This indicates that high density regions will tend to have few particles while low density regions are over resolved. Three methods of controlling the distribution of particles are presented?direct variation of particle weights, variation of time steps, and grid manipulation. A combination of time step variation and grid manipulation is indicated to be the most effective strategy. A sample plume expansion problem is used to demonstrate these strategies. Computational savings of up to an order of magnitude are observed.
Lysine post-translational modifications and the cytoskeleton

PTMs (post-translational modifications) of lysine residues have proven to be major regulators of gene expression, protein–protein interactions, and protein processing and degradation. This is of particular importance in regulating the cytoskeleton, an enormously complex system of proteins responsible for cell motility, intracellular trafficking, and maintenance of cell form and structure. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells, including eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and comprises structures such as flagella, cilia and lamellipodia which play critical roles in intracellular transport and cellular division. Cytoskeletal regulation relies on numerous multi-component assemblies. In this chapter, we focus on the regulation of the cytoskeleton by means of PTMs of lysine residues on the cytoskeletal subunits and their accessory proteins. We specifically address the three main classes of cytoskeletal proteins in eukaryotes that polymerize into filaments, including microfilaments (actin filaments), intermediate filaments and microtubules. We discuss the identification and biological importance of lysine acetylation, a regulator of all three filament types. We also review additional lysine modifications, such as ubiquitination and SUMOylation, and their role in protein regulation and processing.
Making ‘postmodern’ mothers: pregnant embodiment, baby bumps and body image

At a time when much discourse regarding agency over women's bodies is centered heavily on implications of rampant objectification of young women and teen girls, we do regularly explore and examine ...
Interrupted Aortic Arch With Bilateral Ductus Arteriosi and Bilateral Aberrant Subclavian Arteries

A newborn infant presented with tachypnea, cyanosis, and diminished pulses in all extremities. An initial echocardiogram suggested an interrupted aortic arch (type B) with aberrant left subclavian artery, restrictive left sided patent ductus arteriosus, and a right-sided descending thoracic aorta. The aortic valve was bicommissural (6 mm annulus). There was a large conal septal ventriculoseptal defect and a secundum atrial septal defect. Intravenous prostaglandin E1 was initiated, and bounding pulses returned in all extremities. A contrast-enhanced helical computed tomography scan …
The bonding properties of hydrogenated and fluorinated molecules to zirconium oxide thin films: influence of surface defects and water coadsorption

Abstract We have studied the influence of surface defects of ordered epitaxial films of ZrO 2 grown on Pt(111) on the adsorption of H 2 O, diethyl ether (CH 3 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 ), ethanol and their fluorinated analogs. Defects of the stoichiometric surface were produced by argon ion sputtering and characterized by a loss of oxygen as indicated by ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). It is found that new adsorption sites are produced where H 2 O binds dissociatively producing H 2 upon heating above 400 K. Diethyl ether also has a new higher energy binding site on the defective surface. However the perfluorinated ether is not affected by the presence of the surface defects. The surface defects can be removed by annealing in O 2 or H 2 O. Coadsorption experiments with D 2 O indicated that there is a strong interaction with alcohols resulting in weakening of the D 2 O surface bond and in HD exchange in the OH groups. Coadsorbed water is also seen to weaken the ether-surface bond in both the hydrogenated and fluorinated molecules.
Kink Asymmetry and Multiplicity in Dislocation Cores

We propose a hierarchical classification of kink species in dislocation cores which considers three sources of broken symmetry, host lattice structure, character of the dislocation, and core reconstruction effects. Kink multiplicity in bcc and diamond cubic lattices is examined and verified directly by atomistic calculations using appropriate interatomic potential models for Mo and Si. Much of the complexity of dislocation kink mechanisms can be rationalized in terms of the identified underlying causes of symmetry breaking.
Root zone nitrogen simulation model for land application of sewage sludges

Abstract A root zone nitrogen simulation model was developed for the evaluation of the long term effects upon soil root zone nitrogen of various sewage sludge application rates, methods of sludge application, ammonia nitrogen fertilizer application and no fertilization. Effects examined include crop yield, root zone nitrogen build up, nitrate nitrogen leaching and crop nitrogen uptake as a percentage of nitrogen applied. Simulation results indicated that nitrate nitrogen leaching had a direct linear relationship to sludge application at the simulated application rates. The leaching rate increased 21 kg per ha per year for each metric ton (t) of sludge incorporated into farm soils and 22 kg per ha per year for each metric ton incorporated into stripmine soils. Surface application of sludge resulted in leaching rates 50% lower than incorporation. Crop uptake of nitrogen was simulated using Michaelis—Menten/Monod kinetics. The maximum uptake of nitrogen was 135 kg per ha per year for an incorporated loading rate of 25 t per ha per year. Depending upon the site, 25 t per ha per year of sludge built up organic nitrogen in the root zone by 8400 to 10,000 kg/ha over a 50-year period. Rigorous validation was not attempted but most model outputs compared favorably to literature values. Simulated application of 300 kg per ha per year of ammonia nitrogen yielded a 98-kg per ha per year crop nitrogen yield which is approximately average for the U.S. corn belt.
Influence of Cobalt on Leaf Expansion and Oxidative Phosphorylation.

The cobaltous ion, as well as many other chemicals, particularly the purine analogs, are known to affect the growth of etiolated leaves in the presence or absence of photomorphogenically active light (11, 18, 19). Additionally, cobalt has been shown to promote growth of other etiolated tissue such as the oat (Avena) coleoptile (2, 21) and pea roots (6). There have been different explanations of the mode of action of Co+ +. Busse (2) presented evidence that Co+ + delays the deposition of secondary cell wall material, thereby prolonging the action of IAA. Galston (6) observed that the rate of peroxide formation in etiolated tissue is lowered by the addition of Co+ +, which in turn results in a decreased peroxidative destruction of IAA. Thimann (21) by using specific inhibitors came to the conclusion that Co+ + modifies some step in oxidative metabolism which makes energy available for growth by diverting it from other metabolic roles. The present investigation arose from an observation that leaf disks given Co+ + plus DNP5 responded quite differently from those given BAP plus DNP. In view of the diversity of opinion on the mechanism of Co++ action, it was of interest to obtain information about the primary site of action of Co"+. The main emphasis during the present investigations was placed on the way by which Co+ + might modify oxidative phosphorylation. Evidence is presented showing that Co+ +-induced leaf expansion is not susceptible to inhibition by DNP. The amount of ATP in leaf tissue decreases sharply in the presence of DNP, but remains unchanged when Co+ + is supplied in addition to DNP. Furthermore, experiments with mitochondria isolated from sweet potato tubers show that Co+ + increases the yield of oxidative phosphorylation. Results from other experiments indicate that Co++ has an inhibiting effect on ATPase activity.
DYRK3 activation, engagement of protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein, and modulation of progenitor cell survival

DYRKs are a new family of dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases with emerging roles in cell growth and development. Recently, we discovered that DYRK3 is expressed primarily in erythroid progenitor cells and modulates late erythropoiesis. We now describe 1) roles for the DYRK3 YTY signature motif in kinase activation, 2) the coupling of DYRK3 to cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB), and 3) effects of DYRK3 on hematopoietic progenitor cell survival. Regarding the DYRK3 kinase domain, intactness of Tyr(333) (but not Tyr(331)) within subdomain loop VII-VIII was critical for activation. Tyr(331) plus Tyr(333) acidification (Tyr mutated to Glu) was constitutively activating, but kinase activity was not affected substantially by unique N- or C-terminal domains. In transfected 293 and HeLa cells, DYRK3 was discovered to efficiently stimulate CRE-luciferase expression, to activate a CREB-Gal4 fusion protein, and to promote CREB phosphorylation at Ser(133). Interestingly, this CREB/CRE response was also supported (50% of wild-type activity) by a kinase-inactive DYRK3 mutant as well as a DYRK3 C-terminal region and was blocked by protein kinase A inhibitors, suggesting functional interactions between protein kinase A and DYRK3. Finally, DYRK3 expression in cytokine-dependent hematopoietic FDCW2 cells was observed to inhibit programmed cell death. Thus, primary new insight into DYRK3 kinase signaling routes, subdomain activities, and possible biofunctions is provided.
Religious Voices Count: The New Openness to Spiritual Questions in the Sciences:

For most of this century, those in the sciences have been accustomed to view religion as an opponent. Recent years, however, have seen a cultural change of great significance. Not only have many scientists dropped their former hostility to questions of spirituality, but increasing numbers of religious persons are following scientific developments, speaking on ethical and social issues raised by technology, and modifying beliefs that conflict with empirical evidence. This article shows why and how religious perspectives can complement and supplement objective science. It explores some of the ramifications of the widespread cessation of hostilities between science and religion. It also examines the contributions made by religious persons and traditions as society wrestles with a world now largely dominated by science and its technology. It is no longer necessary to construe science and religion as enemies; they can work as allies in addressing urgent social problems and the dilemmas with which technology co...
Compartmentation of citric acid cycle metabolism in brain: effect of aminooxyacetic acid, ouabain and Ca2+ on the labelling of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and gaba by [1-14C]acetate, [U-14C]glutamate and [U-14C]asparate.

—(1) The effects of aminooxyacetic acid, ouabain and Ca2+ on the compartmentation of amino acid metabolism have been studied in slices of brain incubated with sodium-[1-14C]acetate, l-[U-14C]glutamate and l-[U-14C]aspartate as tracer metabolites. (2) Aminooxyacetic acid (10-3 m) inhibited the labelling of aspartate from [14C]acetate and [14C]glutamate, as well as the incorporation of label from [14C]aspartate into glutamate and glutamine. It also inhibited the labelling of GABA from all three radioactive precursors, as would be anticipated if there was inhibition of several transaminases as well as glutamate decarboxylase. The RSA of glutamine labelled from [1-14C]acetate was increased. This finding indicated that the glutamate pool which is utilized for glutamine formation is associated with glutamate dehydrogenase, and this enzyme appears to be related to the ‘synthetic tricarboxylic acid cycle’. AOAA exerted its major inhibitory effects on the citric acid‘energy cycle’with which transaminases are associated. (3) Ouabain (10-5 m) inhibited the labelling of glutamine to a much greater extent than the labelling of glutamate from [1-14C]acetate. It also caused leakage of amino acids from the tissue into the medium. Its effect on the glutamate–glutamine system was interpreted to be a selective inhibition of the 'synthetic’citric acid cycle. (4) The omission of Ca2+ from the incubation medium was associated with formation of glutamine with RSA less than 1·0 when labelled from [U-14C]glutamate, [U-14C]aspartate and lower than normal when labelled from [1-14C]acetate.
Hindu culture for an Indian nation: gender, politics, and elite identity in urban south India

In this article I describe a south Indian social movement, headed by a Hindu preceptor. This movement relied on elite women members and on feminine religious idioms to solicit upper-caste consent to Hindu nationalism; with that ideology, it naturalized caste inequalities and attempted to broker alliances between urban elites and the poor. The movement represented upper-caste contestation for hegemonic power, but failed because of indeterminacies attached to its “education of consent” and anti-Brahman political sentiment.
A model for long range planning in higher education

Abstract In essence this paper proposes a model for a systematic, continuous instructional planning process to develop strategies and tactics for those institutions of higher education desiring perpetuation, growth, and flexibility to meet changing needs in a changing environment and organization. The model accounts for a viable structural linkage of the many organizational components, and the several kinds of information and decision making processes which are important to the successful functioning and growth of already complex organizations. The model also, even though somewhat implicity, includes procedures which are self-orienting to the personnel involved and thus which facilitate the maintenance of a realistic, flexible, theoretically based approach to planning processes important to the well being and the growth and development of the personnel involved.
Heats of Fusion of Fluorozirconate Systems

The heat of crystallization of a glass obtained by an isothermal DSC experiment does not represent the true value of the heat of fusion. A procedure is described to evaluate the heat of fusion from measured values of heats of crystallization. The correction term is estimated to be as important as the measured values of heats of crystallization in the case of fluorozirconate glasses.
Articulating the Culture and Tradition of Community Health Nursing

While community health nursing (CHN) leaders speculate about the future, nurses on the front lines care for vulnerable families and populations in the midst of diminishing resources, radical changes in health care delivery systems, and unwieldy bureaucracies. Narrative data from a recent interpretive study provided an unexpected opportunity to explore how CHN practice in diverse settings is evolving in response to such changes. Data consisted of interviews and observations of 25 nurses in their practice setting. Several clinical stories or exemplars are selected to highlight how the "culture" of agency settings shapes public health nursing (PHN) practice in ways that need to be recognized and strengthened or affirmed. Clinical storytelling can play a crucial role in preserving the PHN tradition and restoring and transforming local cultures when PHNs, administrators, educators, and researchers commit to PHN excellence.
Distributed Artificial Intelligence: A Critical Review

A goal of Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) has been the development of heuristics for problem-solving by logically distributed components (agents). The roles of organizational structure, communication and planning in addressing the central issue of coherence are discussed in the context of representative DAI simulation systems. Despite the range of DAI research, few organizing principles have emerged. We attribute this lack to a reliance on human models of cooperative processes. As the effectiveness of the models has broken down, improvements have come through incremental, compensatory changes, rather than through the development of new models. We argue for the importance of a higher level view of distributed problem-solving.
On the evolution of the yahoo! answers QA community

While question answering communities have been gaining popularity for several years, we wonder if the increased popularity actually improves or degrades the user experience. In addition, automatic QA systems, which utilize different sources such as search engines and social media, are emerging rapidly. QA communities have already created abundant resources of millions of questions and hundreds of millions of answers. The question whether they will continue to serve as an effective source is of information for web search and question answering is of vital importance. In this poster, we investigate the temporal evolution of a popular QA community - Yahoo! Answers, with respect to its effectiveness in answering three basic types of questions: factoid, opinion and complex questions. Our experiments show that Yahoo! Answers keeps growing rapidly, while its overall quality as an information source for factoid question-answering degrades. However, instead of answering factoid questions, it might be more effective to answer opinion and complex questions.
Determination of enantiomeric drugs in physiological fluids using on-line solid phase derivatizations and reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Abstract A new analytical approach has been developed for the determination of d,l -amphetamine in urine using on-line solid phase derivatizations in HPLC—UV/FL. Several other enantiomeric drugs were also investigated using the same method. The method was validated by several experiments, including: (1) kinetic studies for the reaction of each enantiomeric drug with the solid phase chiral reagent; (2) “single blind spiking” experiments; and (3) polarimetry for confirmation of the enantiomeric composition determined by the solid phase diastereomer formation—HPLC—UV/FL method. The resulting diastereomers were well resolved ( R s = 1.05–1.40) under typical reversed-phase HPLC conditions. Enantiomeric contamination at the 1.1% level could be detected. The lowest amount of d,l -amphetamine that could be simultaneously derivatized and detected was about 50 ng ml −1 . The linearity of the overall measurement was 3–4 orders of magnitude. d,l -Amphetamine spiked into urine at different concentration levels and different d,l -ratios, only followed by filtration, were directly injected into the on-line solid phase derivatization—HPLC—UV/FL system for quantitation with relative standard deviations 1.8–6.4% and relative errors 0.6–9.8%.
The effects of work site, supervisory status, and job function on nuclear workers' responses to the TMI accident

This study examines the impact of the Three Mile Island accident on nuclear workers (N = 622) at the accident site and a ‘control’ plant in the same general area. Effects of the accident are examined by respondents' plant location, supervisory status, and basic job function. Major accident effects include perceived radiation exposure during the incident, evacuation behaviour, uncertainty and conflict regarding the accident, job related attitudes and tension, symptoms experienced during the accident period, and demoralization. Several of these general outcomes vary according to supervisory status and functional work area.
A unified subroutine for the solution of 2-D and 3-D axisymmetric diffusion equation

Abstract A unified numerical statement, which composes Galerkin finite element, subdomain finite element, finite control-volume, balanced finite difference and other numerical approximations for 2-D and 3-D axisymmetric CϖT/ϖt = Δ · (KϖT) + λT + F, was derived and formulated. The numerical statement yields Galerkin finite element, subdomain finite element, and balanced finite difference approximations by specifying a single constant, η, to 2,3 and ∞ respectively (finite control-volume approximation by lumping capacitance matrix of the subdomain finite element method). Techniques are also presented to illustrate selection of input parameters to UniSub, a Fortran implementation of the unified numerical statement, to generate correct matrix systems for the governing equation and various boundary conditions. Test problems were run to check the validity of the subroutine and to compare accuracy of various numerical schemes. UniSub is a powerful tool to compare the accuracy of various numerical schemes since it eliminates the uncertainty of effects between codes used for comparison. UniSub can also be employed in a Fortran program to produce different numerical schemes by varying η both spatially and temporarily to achieve optimal accuracy in solving diffusion equation.
Drivers and Brakemen: State Decisions on the Road to European Integration

This article investigates the effect of public opinion, ideology, and political security on state decision-making on economic integration within the European Union (EU). Although leaders may have o...
Review of some microwave integrated circuit components utilizing microstrip techniques

This paper briefly reviews some of the techniques involved in realizing the practical microwave integrated circuit for systems applications. The main technological considerations and their application to advanced receiver sub-systems are discussed with emphasis on superheterodyne operation.
Comparison of nebulized magnesium sulfate plus albuterol to nebulized albuterol plus saline in children with acute exacerbations of mild to moderate asthma.

Abstract A prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted to determine whether a combination of nebulized magnesium sulfate and albuterol as a single dose adds any benefit in management of children with mild to moderate asthma when compared to nebulized albuterol with saline. The difference in FEV1 was significant at 10 and 20 min after a single dose of the combined treatment with magnesium and albuterol when compared with the albuterol and saline group (1.41 L ± 0.53 vs. 1.13 L ± 0.34, respectively, p = 0.03). The addition of magnesium to albuterol seems to provide short-term benefits in children with acute exacerbations of mild to moderate asthma.
Primary and secondary psychopathic-traits and their relationship to perception and experience of emotion

Deficits in the ability to perceive and experience affect are associated with psychopaths. However, past research is inconsistent, perhaps because it measures psychopathy homogeneously rather than using the two-factor structure. This study considered psychopathic-like-traits in college students as heterogeneous (primary and secondary), and evaluated their relationship to the processing and experience of positive (PE) and negative affect (NE). Results generally indicated that primary psychopathic-traits were positively correlated with accuracy of perception of fearful faces and PE, and negatively associated with NE, while secondary psychopathic-traits were not related to emotional recognition or PE, but positively associated with NE.
Spontaneous behavior of a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) during memory tests suggests memory awareness

Humans can predict with some accuracy whether or not they know the correct answer to a question before responding. In some cases the capacity to make such predictions depends on memory awareness, the ability to introspectively discriminate between knowing and not knowing. In this unplanned retrospective analysis of video taped behavior we asked whether a rhesus monkey's apparent frustration predicted his accuracy in a matching-to-sample task on a trial-by-trial basis. The monkey was likely to aggressively strike the computer touchscreen when committing errors, whereas he generally touched the screen more gently when selecting the correct stimulus. This difference in behavior, which occurred before the monkey received feedback on the accuracy of his choice, suggests that he knew whether or not he remembered the correct response.
Criterion for stability of Goldstone modes and Fermi liquid behavior in a metal with broken symmetry.

There are few general physical principles that protect the low-energy excitations of a quantum phase. Of these, Goldstone’s theorem and Landau–Fermi liquid theory are the most relevant to solids. We investigate the stability of the resulting gapless excitations—Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) and Landau quasiparticles—when coupled to one another, which is of direct relevance to metals with a broken continuous symmetry. Typically, the coupling between NGBs and Landau quasiparticles vanishes at low energies, leaving the gapless modes unaffected. If, however, the low-energy coupling is nonvanishing, non-Fermi liquid behavior and overdamped bosons are expected. Here we prove a general criterion that specifies when the coupling is nonvanishing. It is satisfied by the case of a nematic Fermi fluid, consistent with earlier microscopic calculations. In addition, the criterion identifies a new kind of symmetry breaking—of magnetic translations—where nonvanishing couplings should arise, opening a previously unidentified route to realizing non-Fermi liquid phases.
Preservation of intestinal structural integrity by zinc is independent of metallothionein in alcohol-intoxicated mice

Intestinal-derived endotoxins are importantly involved in alcohol-induced liver injury. Disruption of intestinal barrier function and endotoxemia are common features associated with liver inflammation and injury due to acute ethanol exposure. Zinc has been shown to inhibit acute alcohol-induced liver injury. This study was designed to determine the inhibitory effect of zinc on alcohol-induced endotoxemia and whether the inhibition is mediated by metallothionein (MT) or is independent of MT. MT knockout (MT-KO) mice were administered three oral doses of zinc sulfate (2.5 mg zinc ion/kg body weight) every 12 hours before being administered a single dose of ethanol (6 g/kg body weight) by gavage. Ethanol administration caused liver injury as determined by increased serum transaminases, parenchymal fat accumulation, necrotic foci, and an elevation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Increased plasma endotoxin levels were detected in ethanol-treated animals whose small intestinal structural integrity was compromised as determined by microscopic examination. Zinc supplementation significantly inhibited acute ethanol-induced liver injury and suppressed hepatic TNF-α production in association with decreased circulating endotoxin levels and a significant protection of small intestine structure. As expected, MT levels remained undetectable in the MT-KO mice under the zinc treatment. These results thus demonstrate that zinc preservation of intestinal structural integrity is associated with suppression of endotoxemia and liver injury induced by acute exposure to ethanol and the zinc protection is independent of MT.
Facilitative and Mandatory Rules in the Corporation Law(s) of the United States

in corporate law, the influence of modern economic views on the nature of the firm, launched 60 years earlier by Coase,2 reached mainstream corporate law discourse in the United States. From the perspective of the positive law, however, this was hardly a revolutionary view. State codes had supported a facilitative rather than a regulatory treatment of corporations whether that facilitation was mandatory or not since the enactment of New Jersey's corporation code in 1875.3 It follows that the U.S. discussion of the issue of mandatory versus suppletive4 or optional rules is in one sense of limited comparative utility: after all, the less onerous a nominally mandatory rule, the less relevant the debate. As will become clear below, that may be the most important point to take away from a discussion of U.S. law.
Design of a curvature sensor using a flexoelectric material

A curvature sensor based on flexoelectricity using Ba0.64Sr0.36TiO 3 (BST) material is proposed and developed in this paper. The working principle of the sensor is based on the flexoelectricity, exhibiting coupling between mechanical strain gradient and electric polarization. A BST curvature sensor is lab prepared using a conventional solid state processing method. The curvature sensing is demonstrated in four point bending tests of the beam under harmonic loads. BST sensors are attached on both side surfaces of an aluminum beam, located symmetrically with respect to its neutral axis. Analyses have shown that the epoxy bonding layer plays a critical role for curvature transfer. Consequently a shear lag effect is taken into account for extracting actual curvature from the sensor measurement. Experimental results demonstrated good linearity from the charge outputs under the frequencies tests and showed a sensor sensitivity of 30.78pC•m in comparison with 32.48pC•m from theoretical prediction. The BST sensor provides a direct curvature measure instead of using traditional strain gage through interpolation and may offer an optional avenue for on-line and in-situ structural health monitoring.