cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel PTS Proteins Revealed by Bacterial Genome Sequencing: A Unique Fructose-Specific Phosphoryl Transfer Protein With Two HPr-like Domains in Haemophilus Influenzae

The completely sequenced genome of Haemophilus influenzae has been analysed for proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). We show that within the fructose PTS H. influenzae possesses a novel multi-domain phosphoryl transfer protein, not previously recognized, that includes two fructose-specific HPr domains fused in tandem in a single polypeptide chain.
Changes in adsorbed fibrinogen and albumin interactions with polymers indicated by decreases in detergent elutability

Abstract The adsorption of proteins to polymers is typically irreversible. Even the use of detergents does not elute all the adsorbed protein from all polymers. The fundamental reasons for such apparently tight protein binding are not well understood, so a study of several aspects of elution was undertaken. A method for examining the interaction of proteins at the protein/polymer interface using SDS elutability as a measure of the protein-surface interaction strength was developed. The effects of polymer type, elution agent, elution conditions, protein type, protein concentration, sample age, and storage temperature on elutability were examined. The results show that protein elutability from polymers decreases slowly over a period of days at 4°C but proceeds much more rapidly at elevated temperatures. The results indicate that protein denaturation may be responsible for both the initial incomplete elution and the decreases in SDS elutability of fibrinogen and albumin from polymers with time.
Effects of a refugee elective on medical student perceptions

There are growing numbers of refugees throughout the world. Refugee health is a relatively unstudied and rarely taught component of medical education. In response to this need, a Refugee Health Elective was begun. Medical student perceptions toward cultural aspects of medicine and refugee health before and after participation in the elective were measured. Preliminary questionnaires were given to all preclinical students at the academic year commencement with follow-up questionnaires at the refugee elective's conclusion. Both questionnaires examined students' comfort in interacting with patients and familiarity with refugee medical issues, alternative medical practices, and social hindrances to medical care. The preliminary answers served as a control and follow-up questionnaire data were separated into participant/non-participant categories. All preclinical medical students at two Midwestern medical schools were provided the opportunity to participate in the Refugee Health Elective and surveys. The 3 data groups were compared using unadjusted and adjusted analysis techniques with the Kruskall-Wallis, Bonferroni and ANCOVA adjustment. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. 408 and 403 students filled out the preliminary and follow-up questionnaires, respectfully, 42 of whom participated in the elective. Students considering themselves minorities or multilingual were more likely to participate. Elective participants were more likely to be able to recognize the medical/mental health issues common to refugees, to feel comfortable interacting with foreign-born patients, and to identify cultural differences in understanding medical/mental health conditions, after adjusting for minority or multilingual status. As medical schools integrate a more multicultural curriculum, a Refugee Health Elective for preclinical students can enhance awareness and promote change in attitude toward medical/mental health issues common to refugees. This elective format offers tangible and effective avenues for these topics to be addressed.
Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient specialties.

Introduction Today the proportion of acute patients entering the health care system through emergency departments continues to grow, the number of uninsured patients relying primarily on treatment in the emergency department is increasing, and patients' average acuities are rising. At the same time, support resources are constrained, while reimbursement and reputation depends increasingly on publicly available measures of patient satisfaction. It is important to understand the potential effect of these pressures on direct care staff. This study explores the prevalence of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses and nurses in other selected inpatient specialties. Methods Emergency nurses and nurses from 3 other specialty units self-selected participation in a cross-sectional survey. Participants completed a sociodemographic profile and the Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Subscales, R-IV. Scale scores were summed for compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue for emergency nurses and compared with those of nurses in other specialties. Results Approximately 82% of emergency nurses had moderate to high levels of burnout, and nearly 86% had moderate to high levels of compassion fatigue. Differences between emergency nurses and those working in 3 other specialty areas, that is, oncology, nephrology, and intensive care, on the subscales for compassion satisfaction, burnout, or compassion fatigue did not reach the level of statistical significance. However, the scores of emergency nurses evidenced a risk for less compassion satisfaction, while intensive care nurses demonstrated a higher risk for burnout and oncology nurses reflected a risk for higher compassion fatigue. Discussion ED nurse managers, along with other nurse leaders, are faced with the competing demands of managing the satisfaction of patients, recruitment and retention of experienced nurses, and provision of quality and safe care customized to patients' needs and preferences. Understanding the concepts of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue, recognizing the signs and symptoms, and identifying best practice interventions, will help nurses maintain caring attitudes with patients and contribute to patient satisfaction.
So what's new with jun ?

Cancer causing oncogenes are found in specific locations within the cell. Although a great deal is known about the function of the transforming genes that reside on the plasma membrane, less is known about the function of the oncogenes that reside in the nucleus. Studies performed over the last three years on the jun and fos oncogenes have taught us a great deal about how these cancer causing genes function in the nucleus. The products of the jun and fos protooncogenes appear to enhance the transcription of specific genes. The proteins form a heterodimer that binds to specific DNA sequences upstream from the start site of transcription and stimulate the production of messenger RNA. Recent data may explain how jun protein becomes transforming. Unlike normal jun protein, transforming jun protein lacks 30 amino acids. These 30 amino acids appear to bind a protein that inhibits the ability of the jun protoncogene to activate gene transcription. The change of cells from normal to transformed may be mediated partially by unrestrained activation of transcription. These findings suggest possible new targets for chemotherapy to inhibit cancer cell growth.
Cyclic nucleotide metabolism in mouse brain during seizures induced by bicuculline or dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate

Abstract In adult male C57 black mice, intracortical injection of bicuculline (10 μg) elevated cGMP concentrations and produced contralateral clonic seizures. After intraperitoneal injection, bicuculline (10 mg/kg) elevated cGMP concentrations at the earliest time at which paroxysmal EEG activity could be detected. Changes in cAMP concentration followed those events. Further elevations of cGMP concentrations (and now of cAMP as well) were observed during clonic and tonic seizures. Intracortical injections of dibutyryl cGMP produced behavioral and EEG seizures. These data suggest that cGMP plays an important role in bicuculline seizures.
Calcium pools, calcium entry, and cell growth

The Ca2+ pump and Ca2+ release functions of intracellular Ca2+ pools have been well characterized. However, the nature and identity of Ca2+ pools as well as the physiological implications of Ca2+levels within them, have remained elusive. Ca2+ pools appear to be contained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); however, ER is a heterogeneous and widely distributed organelle, with numerous other functions than Ca2+ regulation. Studies described here center on trying to determine more about subcellular distribution of Ca2+ pools, the levels of Ca2+ within Ca2+ pools, and how these intraluminal Ca2+ levels may be physiologically related to ER function. Experiments utilizingin situ high resolution subcellular morphological analysis of ER loaded with ratiometric fluroescent Ca2+ dyes, indicate a wide distribution of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-sensitive Ca2+ pools within cells, and large changes in the levels of Ca2+ within pools following InsP3-mediated Ca2+ release. Such changes in Ca2+ may be of great significance to the translation, translocation, and folding of proteins in ER, in particular with respect to the function of the now numerously described luminal Ca2+-sensitive chaperonin proteins. Studies have also focussed on the physiological role of pool Ca2+ changes with respect to cell growth. Emptying of pools using Ca2+ pump blockers can result in cells entering a stable quiescent G0-like growth state. After treatment with the irreversible pump blocker, thapsigargin, cells remain in this state until they are stimulated with essential fatty acids whereupon new pump protein is synthesized, functional Ca2+ pools return, and cells reenter the cell cycle. During the Ca2+ pool-depleted growth-arrested state, cells express a Ca2+ influx channel that is distinct from the store-operated Ca2+ influx channels activated after short-term depletion of Ca2+ pools. Overall, these studies indicate that significant changes in intraluminal ER Ca2+ do occur and that such changes appear linked to alteration of essential ER functions as well as to the cell cycle-state and the growth of cells.
The relationship of love styles and romantic attachment styles in gay men

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between love styles and romantic attachment styles in self-identified gay men. Participants (N = 72) completed the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised and the Love Attitudes Scale Short Form. Results indicated that all six love styles were significantly predictive of anxious and avoidant romantic attachment. A series of multiple regressions were performed using love styles as predictors of avoidant and anxious attachment styles separately. Examination of the beta weights indicated that eros and mania love styles were unique predictors of anxious and avoidant romantic attachment for the gay men in this sample. Implications for counseling are highlighted.
A simple model of the resistive wall mode in tokamaks

A simple set of evolution equations is derived for the resistive wall mode in a large aspect-ratio, rotating, viscous, tokamak plasma. The equations take into account the nonlinear deceleration of the plasma rotation generated by mode interaction with both the resistive wall and a static error field. Furthermore, the equations are largely able to explain resistive wall mode data recently obtained from the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1986), p. 159]. In particular, the role of the error field in triggering plasma deceleration is elucidated.
Sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax

Over the last decade, the use of ultrasound as a technique to look for pneumothorax has rapidly evolved. This review aims to analyze and synthesize current knowledge on lung ultrasound targeted at the diagnosis of pneumothorax. The technique and its usefulness in different scenarios are explained, and its merits over conventional radiology are highlighted. A systematic literature search (1995–2010) was performed, involving PubMed, to describe the more recent scientific evidence on the topic. Moreover, this review is also a synopsis of experts’ opinion and personal clinical experience. Ultrasound diagnosis of pneumothorax relies on the recognition of four sonographic artifact signs: the lung sliding, the B lines, the lung point, and the lung pulse. Combining these few signs, it is possible to accurately rule in or rule out pneumothorax at the bedside in several different clinical scenarios. Sensitivity of a lung ultrasound in the detection of pneumothorax is higher than that of conventional anterior–posterior chest radiography, and similar to that of computerized tomography. A major benefit of a lung ultrasound is that it can be used quickly to diagnose pneumothorax at the bedside in any critical situation, like cardiac arrest and hemodynamically unstable patients. Moreover, it can be used to detect radio-occult pneumothorax and to quantify the extension of the air layer. Advantages in terms of reduced complexity, feasibility at the bedside, and absence of exposure to ionizing radiation make lung ultrasound the method of choice in several common clinical situations.
Local buckling of pultruded beams — nonlinearity, anisotropy and inhomogeneity

Abstract Local buckling of pultruded fibre-reinforced plastic beams is discussed. The paper focuses on three issues related to the prediction of buckling loads both from experimental data and from analytical and numerical approaches, viz . nonlinearity, anisotropy and inhomogeneity. Experimental data obtained from full-scale buckling tests are reviewed and a method proposed for estimating the buckling stress in pultruded beams. Analytical studies based on classical orthotropic plate buckling theory are used to determine the edge restraint coefficient for pultruded beams and also to show the influence of the in-plane material properties on the buckling loads. Numerical studies using the finite element method in which inhomogeneous material properties in the beam cross-section are considered are used to give predictions of buckling loads of the beams. Although the paper focuses on local buckling of pultruded beams, it raises issues which are relevant to the analysis of pultruded material structures of all types.
Self-identifying patterns for plane-based camera calibration

Determining camera calibration parameters is a time-consuming task despite the availability of calibration algorithms and software. A set of correspondences between points on the calibration target and the camera image(s) must be found, usually a manual or manually guided process. Most calibration tools assume that the correspondences are already found. We present a system which allows a camera to be calibrated merely by passing it in front of a panel of self-identifying patterns. This calibration scheme uses an array of fiducial markers which are detected with a high degree of confidence, each detected marker provides one or four correspondence points. Experiments were performed calibrating several cameras in a short period of time with no manual intervention. This marker-based calibration system was compared to one using the OpenCV chessboard grid finder which also finds correspondences automatically. We show how our new marker-based system more robustly finds the calibration pattern and how it provides more accurate intrinsic camera parameters.
“Strong Men and Women are not Products of Improper Food”: Domestic Science and the History of Eating and Identity

This paper presents preliminary thinking on food reform movements as a site for the continuous shaping and reshaping of the relationship between eating, Identity, and citizenship in America. It examines the turn of the century domestic science movements and argues that its goals included not only bread baking, but citizen making, and that its effects included not only changes in eating habits, but changes in the significance of eating habits. The author contends that domestic scientists made eating available as a system of self making and in so doing naturalized class differences and normalized a middle class standard for “alimentary subjectivity.”
Validity and Reliability of the Dexter Hand Evaluation and Therapy System in Hand-injured Patients*

Abstract This study compares measurements obtained using the Dexter Hand Evaluation and Therapy System with those obtained using manual goniometers and grip and pinch dynamometers. Intrarater and inter-rater reliabilities for each tool were also examined. Repeated digit range of motion and strength measurements were performed on 30 subjects who had prior upper extremity injuries. Three therapists performed all measurements on each subject three times, using both Dexter and manual instruments. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess concurrent validity and therapist reliability. The findings show that the computerized Dexter finger goniometer and grip and pinch dynamometers provide measurements that are statistically similar to those of their manual counterparts. The ANOVA results for concurrent validity showed no significant differences between mean measurement values across therapists for the Dexter tools compared with the manual tools (p >- 0.54). In addition, no significant differences were found among or between the therapists' measurements. The range of ICCs for intrarater and inter-rater reliability for all four tests was 0.86 to 0.99: However, a two-way ,ANOVA revealed a therapist effect during pinch strength measurements (p
The co-constitution of neoliberalism, extractive industries, and indigeneity: Anti-mining protests in Puno, Peru

Abstract In June 2011, over 25,000 protesters congregated in Puno, Peru to demonstrate against a recent mining concession to a multinational mining corporation. Protesters employed an ‘eco-ethno’ rhetoric that centered around the potential for the mine to contaminate local water sources and made explicit their indigenous identity. The mobilizations eventually provoked the central government to revoke of the mining license and temporary halted all new extractive industry projects in the Puno region. The Puno protests present a case study to explore the impacts of neoliberal economic policies on indigenous peoples, the factors contributing to the emergence of a national indigenous movement in a country where previously ethnic activism was absent, and the utility of eco-ethno narratives for indigenous movements. The paper is composed of three main sections and arguments: (1) that while overall the acceleration of extractive industry investment caused by neoliberal policies threatens indigenous livelihoods, international governance structures and communication technology provide important new methods for indigenous peoples to secure international allies and legal support (2) that an indigenous movement centered around opposing resource extraction is emerging in the Peruvian Andes (3) that the eco-ethno narratives that won Amazonian indigenous peoples first-world environmentalist allies may not be successful in the Andes, but that a different variant of ecological rhetoric has proved useful in challenging state policies.
Laser Production of a Very Slow Monoenergetic Atomic Beam

With use of a resonant, counterpropagating laser beam the velocity of atoms in a neutral, thermal-sodium beam has been reduced to 40 m/s, or 4% of their initial velocity. These atoms have a kinetic energy comparable to the well depth of proposed optical traps. The "temperature" characterizing the atoms' relative motion was reduced to 70 mK.
Structural change and international stock market interdependence: Evidence from Asian emerging markets☆

Abstract This study investigates the evolving pattern of the interdependence among selected Asian emerging markets and three major stock markets (Japan, UK and US). Using rolling cointegration methods and the recently developed algorithms of inductive causation, we found that time-varying cointegration relationships exist among these stock markets. The results indicate that the wave of financial liberalization policies in the early 1990s led to a significant increase in market linkages which was later weakened during the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Furthermore, the data indicate that Japan and the US have the greatest influence on the emerging markets while the influence of Singapore and Thailand has increased since the Asian financial crisis.
Modernism as the Final Phase of Americanism: William L. Sullivan, American Catholic Apologist, 1899–1910

The figure of William L. Sullivan, the Paulist missionary and teacher who renounced Roman Catholicism in 1910 and migrated eventually to Unitarianism, poses a continuing challenge for historians of American religion. How is one to interpret his spiritual pilgrimage? Is Sullivan best understood as a reformer whose abhorrence of the perduring Vaticanism and Romanism in Catholic ecclesiology impelled him towards liberal Protestantism? Was he primarily, as he put it in his unfinished autobiography, “a moral personality under orders,” ultimately restless with every institutional expression of the “religion of the Infinite Spirit”? Or does the key to his life and thought lie in an excessive patriotism and nationalism reflected, in part, by his allegiance to the “cause” of the Americanists? Was he a Modernist? Most provocative, perhaps, is the thesis linking these two heresies: does Sullivan's career stand as the embodiment of the continuity between Americanism and Modernism?
Pre-Release Assessment of Impact on Arundo donax by the Candidate Biological Control Agents Tetramesa romana (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Under Quarantine Conditions

Impact by two potential biological control agents, Tetramesa romana Walker and Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Leonardi), on the invasive weed, giant reed, Arundo donax L., was assessed in a quarantine greenhouse before release. Tetramesa romana alone and T. romana plus R. donacis significantly damaged A. donax by suppressing leaf and stem lengths and stimulated production of side branches during a 12-week period. R. donacis plus T. romana only slightly more impacted the plant than did T. romana alone, most likely because of the longer life cycle of R. donacis that may require a longer period of time to cause measurable damage. No negative interactions were observed between the two candidate biological control agents. Therefore, based on their potential to significantly damage A. donax under greenhouse conditions and their narrow host ranges, T. romana and R. donacis are suitable candidates for biological control of this invasive reed grass in North America.
An Expanded Model of the Temporal Stability of Condom Use Intentions: Gender-Specific Predictors among High-Risk Adolescents

Background Adolescents involved with the criminal justice system are at particularly high-risk for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and sexually transmitted infections.
Targeting FSH in androgen-independent prostate cancer: Abarelix for prostate cancer progressing after orchiectomy

Abstract Objectives To determine the efficacy of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist abarelix in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer progressing after orchiectomy and to measure its effect on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Methods Sixteen patients with prostate cancer progressing after orchiectomy received abarelix-depot 100 mg by intramuscular injection on days 1, 15, and 29 and then every 28 days for up to 24 weeks (52 weeks in patients who met the criteria for a prostate-specific antigen [PSA] response after 24 weeks). PSA response was the primary endpoint and was defined as a 50% reduction confirmed 4 weeks later. The time to progression and effect of therapy on serum FSH were secondary endpoints. Results No patient met the criteria for a PSA response. Five patients (31%, 95% confidence interval 11% to 58%) experienced confirmed reductions in the PSA level ranging from 9.3% to 31.8%. At the end of the six cycles of therapy, 6 patients remained stable without PSA progression or other signs of disease progression. The median time to progression was 12 weeks (95% confidence interval 6 to 18). The mean serum FSH concentration declined after 4 weeks of study treatment by nearly 90% from a baseline of 45.1 IU/L (95% confidence interval 34.0 to 56.2) and remained suppressed throughout the observation period. Treatment was well tolerated, with one grade 3 allergic reaction. Conclusions Treatment with abarelix in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer after orchiectomy results in marked reduction in circulating FSH. None of the patients met the PSA response criteria; nonetheless, minor reductions in serum PSA were observed in 5 of 16 patients.
Heat shock factor 1-independent activation of dendritic cells by heat shock: implication for the uncoupling of heat-mediated immunoregulation from the heat shock response.

The induction of heat shock proteins by heat shock is classically defined as the heat shock response, which is involved in cytoprotection, inflammation and immune responses. Whereas the cytoprotective properties of heat shock have been well characterized, the immunomodulating roles of the heat shock response on the immune system are just emerging. In particular, it is not known whether immunomodulating functions of heat are mediated by the heat shock response. We addressed this question genetically, using a murine model that is unable to mount the heat shock response because of deletion of a major transcriptional factor, heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1). We focused on the roles of heat shock on modulating the functions of dendritic cells (DC) because of their important roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. We found that heat shock matures CD11c+ DC both in vitro and in vivo, phenotypically and functionally, in the absence of any exogenous inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, heat-shock-mediated DC maturation is independent of Hsf1, as Hsf1–/–DC can be matured by heat shock equally well as wild-type DC. Our novel findings demonstrate that heat shock, one of the most primitive biological responses, can modulate the immune response without the requirement for the transcriptional induction/repression of target genes mediated by Hsf1.
Genetic characterization and molecular mapping of a Hessian fly-resistance gene transferred from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum to common wheat

A gene (temporarily designated Hdic) conferring resistance to the Hessian fly (Hf) [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] was previously identified from an accession of German cultivated emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schubler) Thell] PI 94641, and was transferred to the Hf-resistant wheat germplasm KS99WGRC42. The inheritance of Hdic resistance exhibited incomplete penetrance because phenotypes of some heterozygous progenies are fully resistant and the others are fully susceptible. Five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (Xgwm136,Xcfa2153, Xpsp2999,Xgwm33, and Xbarc263) were linked to the Hdic gene on the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A in the same region as the H9, H10, and H11 loci. Flanking markers Xgwm33 and Xcfa2153 were mapped at distances 0.6 cM proximal and 1.4 cM distal, respectively. Marker analysis revealed that a very small intercalary chromosomal segment containing Hdic was transferred from emmer wheat to KS99WGRC42. This is the first emmer-derived Hf-resistance gene that has been mapped and characterized. The Hdic gene confers a high level of antibiosis to biotypes GP and L, as well as to strains vH9 and vH13 of the Hf, which is different from the biotype reaction patterns of the known Hf-resistance genes on chromosome 1A (H5 and H11 susceptible to biotype L, H9 and H10 susceptible to strain vH9). These results suggested that Hdic is either a new gene or a novel allele of a known H gene on chromosome 1A. The broad spectrum of resistance conferred by the Hdic gene makes it valuable for developing Hf resistant wheat cultivars.
Activity of telithromycin against 26 quinolone-resistant pneumococci with known quinolone-resistance mechanisms.

NCCLS agar dilution was used to test activity of telithromycin compared to clarithromycin, penicillin G, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin and moxifloxacin against 26 pneumococci with defined quinolone resistance (type II topoisomerase and efflux) mechanisms. Thirteen strains were penicillin susceptible, six intermediate and seven resistant. Clarithromycin resistance ( mef and/or erm ) was seen in eight strains. Ciprofloxacin MICs (mg/L) were 8–64 compared to 1–32 (levofloxacin), 0.5 ≥ 32 (sparfloxacin) and 0.125–4 (moxifloxacin). Telithromycin MIC 50 and MIC 90 values (mg/L) were 0.016 and 0.25, with only one strain having an MIC of 2 mg/L.
Clinical experience in 397 consecutive thoracoscopic sympathectomies.

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for the treatment of hyperhidrosis, blushing, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and digital ischemia. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 202 patients who underwent thoracoscopic sympathectomy at the University of Maryland from March 1992 to April 2003. Results Three hundred ninety-seven procedures were performed on 202 patients (105 women, 97 men). Mean age was 29 years (range, 9 to 65). Indications for surgery included hyperhidrosis, facial blushing, digital ischemia, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Synchronous bilateral sympathectomies were performed in 194 patients; right side alone (n = 6); left side alone (n = 1); 1 patient had staged bilateral sympathectomies. Single incision with lung isolation technique was used. There was no mortality. Preoperative symptoms resolved completely or significantly improved in greater than 90% of patients. One patient with reflex sympathetic dystrophy recurred and 1 patient with hyperhidrosis complained of significant compensatory sweating. Compensatory sweating to a lesser degree occurred in approximately one third of patients. Complications included asymptomatic pleural effusion (n = 1), pneumothorax (n = 1), and reoperation for chylothorax that was identified early (n = 1). In 2 patients treated for facial blushing, Horner's syndrome developed postoperatively; 1 of them subsequently underwent blepharoplasty. In 3 patients, hyperesthesias developed at the incision. Conclusions Thoracoscopic sympathectomy can be performed safely and with excellent results. Compensatory sweating is the main side effect, although significant complaints from this are rare. Horner's syndrome remains an extremely uncommon complication as a result of thoracoscopic sympathectomy at our institution.
Preparation and polymerization of vinyl esters of nonhydroxy carnuba wax acids and acrylic esters of carnuba wax alcohols

The acrylic esters of carnuba wax alcohols and the vinyl esters of nonhydroxy carnuba wax acids have been synthesized. The acrylic and vinyl esters have been homopolymerized and copolymerized with vinyl chloride. Acrylonitrile–acrylic ester copolymers also have been prepared. The copolymers were quite brittle when molding was attempted.
Effect of topical acid on pepsinogen secretion in man.

The stimulation of pepsinogen secretion by the presence of topical acid has previously been demonstrated in the dog (by a locally mediated, cholinergic mechanism) and suggested in man. The current experiments quantified the effect of luminal acid on pepsin secretion in man by using gastric instillations of acid solutions and recoveries with gastric washes. Solutions tested (pH 0.84-5.0) included buffered solutions, hydrochloric and acetic acid solutions, and an aspirin-acid solution. Decreasing pH or increasing acid concentration led to a significant increase in pepsin output, with a mean maximum increase of 70% over basal (pH 5.0) at the lowest pH (pH 0.84). The secretion of pepsin as a result of similar concentrations of hydrochloric or acetic acid did not differ, nor was pepsin secretion augmented by aspirin, used as a ‘barrier breaker’, and it was not related to calculated duodenal delivery of acid. Thus, any in vivo study of pepsin secretion should be interpreted in the light of the possible stimulat...
Effects of neurotensin on EEG and event-related potentials in the rat.

Neurotensin has neuromodulatory actions on multiple brain functions including motor, sensory and limbic processes. However, little is known about how neurotensin affects general arousal and/or attention states. The present study evaluated the effects of neurotensin on spontaneous brain activity as well as auditory evoked responses using electrophysiological measures. Electroencephalographic and event-related potential recordings were obtained in awake animals following intracerebroventricular administration of neurotensin (1.0, 10.0 and 30.0 µg). Twenty rats were implanted with recording electrodes in the frontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Neurotensin was found to produce a dose-related effect on behavior and electrophysiological measures. Lower doses (10 µg) produced no obvious behavioral changes, but significantly reduced EEG power in the lower frequency ranges (2–6 Hz) in the frontal cortex, the anterior amygdaloid complex and the nucleus accumbens. At higher doses (30 µg), rats appeared behaviorally inactivated, and EEG power was reduced in all structures in both the lower frequency ranges (2–6 Hz) and the higher frequency ranges (8–32 Hz). Auditory processing, as assessed by event-related potentials, was affected most significantly in amygdala and dorsal hippocampus. In the amygdala, the amplitude of the P3 component of the auditory event-related potential was increased significantly by doses of 10.0 and 30.0 µg. In the dorsal hippocampus, the amplitude and the area of the N1 component was increased dose dependently and significance was reached at the 30 µg dose. These electrophysiological findings indicate that neurotensin does not reduce the arousal level of the animals and in fact may enhance neurosensory processing in limbic areas through increased arousal and/or enhanced stimulus evaluation.
Simple kindness can go a long way: Relationships, social identity, and engagement

Abstract. This paper reviews literature on relationships and draws a link to social identity using an integrative model that has implications for cooperative behavior within and between groups, and for establishing cultures of peace. For example, the group-value model suggests that how communications are delivered (e.g., through conveying respect) matters for cooperation and acceptance of group decisions. Extending this, and based on research on relationships, our integrative model points to the importance of conveying interpersonal warmth and kindness for facilitating pursuit of shared aims among people from different groups/backgrounds. We consider the implications of this for peaceful resolution of conflict.
The response of T4 lysozyme to large-to-small substitutions within the core and its relation to the hydrophobic effect.

To further examine the structural and thermodynamic basis of hydrophobic stabilization in proteins, all of the bulky non-polar residues that are buried or largely buried within the core of T4 lysozyme were substituted with alanine. In 25 cases, including eight reported previously, it was possible to determine the crystal structures of the variants. The structures of four variants with double substitutions were also determined. In the majority of cases the "large-to-small" substitutions lead to internal cavities. In other cases declivities or channels open to the surface were formed. In some cases the structural changes were minimal (mainchain shifts Ala the structure collapsed to such a degree that the volume of the putative cavity was zero. Crystallographic analysis suggests that the occupancy of the engineered cavities by solvent is usually low. The mutants Val 149 --> Ala (V149A) and Met 6 --> Ala (M6A), however, are exceptions and have, respectively, one and two well-ordered water molecules within the cavity. The Val 149 --> Ala substitution allows the solvent molecule to hydrogen bond to polar atoms that are occluded in the wild-type molecule. Similarly, the replacement of Met 6 with alanine allows the two solvent molecules to hydrogen bond to each other and to polar atoms on the protein. Except for Val 149 --> Ala the loss of stability of all the cavity mutants can be rationalized as a combination of two terms. The first is a constant for a given class of substitution (e.g., -2.1 kcal/mol for all Leu --> Ala substitutions) and can be considered as the difference between the free energy of transfer of leucine and alanine from solvent to the core of the protein. The second term can be considered as the energy cost of forming the cavity and is consistent with a numerical value of 22 cal mol(-1) A(-3). Physically, this term is due to the loss of van der Waal's interactions between the bulky sidechain that is removed and the atoms that form the wall of the cavity. The overall results are consistent with the prior rationalization of Leu --> Ala mutants in T4 lysozyme by Eriksson et al. (Eriksson et al., 1992, Science 255:178-183).
Increased expression of the large GTPase dynamin 2 potentiates metastatic migration and invasion of pancreatic ductal carcinoma

Pancreatic ductal tumors invade local parenchyma and metastasize to distant organs. Src-mediated tyrosine kinase signaling pathways promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis, though the molecular mechanisms supporting this invasive process are poorly understood and represent important and novel therapeutic targets. The large GTPase Dynamin 2 (Dyn2), a Src-kinase substrate, regulates membrane–cytoskeletal dynamics although it is yet to be defined if it contributes to tumor cell migration and invasion. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test if Dyn2 is upregulated in human pancreatic tumors and to define its role in cell migration and metastatic invasion using in vitro assays and nude mouse models. Histological analysis showed that 81% of 85 patients had elevated Dyn2 in PDAC. To test if Dyn2 overexpression alters metastatic properties of human pancreatic tumor cells, stable clones of BxPC-3 cells overexpressing either wild-type Dyn2 or a phosphorylation-deficient mutant Dyn2Y(231/597)F known to attenuate Dyn2 function, were generated and analyzed. Importantly, tumor cells overexpressing Dyn2 protruded lamellipodia at twice the rate, migrated faster (180%) and farther (2.5-fold greater distance) on glass and through transwell chambers (2–3-fold more cells through the filter) compared with cells expressing Dyn2Y(231/597)F or vector alone. Further, depletion of Dyn2 and dynamin inhibitors Myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromides and Dynasore significantly reduced cell migration, wound healing and invasion in transwell assays compared with controls. To test the metastatic potential conferred by increased Dyn2 expression, the BxPC-3 cell lines were implanted orthotopically into the pancreas of nude mice. Cells expressing Dyn2-green fluorescent protein exhibited a threefold increase in large distal tumors compared with cells expressing Dyn2Y(231/597)F or vector alone. Finally, histological analysis revealed that Dyn2 is upregulated in 60% of human metastatic pancreatic tumors. These findings are the first to implicate dynamin in any neoplastic condition and to directly demonstrate a role for this mechanoenzyme in invasive cell migration.
A synthesis of terrestrial mercury in the western United States: Spatial distribution defined by land cover and plant productivity

A synthesis of published vegetation mercury (Hg) data across 11 contiguous states in the western United States showed that aboveground biomass concentrations followed the order: leaves (26μgkg(-1))~branches (26μgkg(-1))>bark (16μgkg(-1))>bole wood (1μgkg(-1)). No spatial trends of Hg in aboveground biomass distribution were detected, which likely is due to very sparse data coverage and different sampling protocols. Vegetation data are largely lacking for important functional vegetation types such as shrubs, herbaceous species, and grasses. Soil concentrations collected from the published literature were high in the western United States, with 12% of observations exceeding 100μgkg(-1), reflecting a bias toward investigations in Hg-enriched sites. In contrast, soil Hg concentrations from a randomly distributed data set (1911 sampling points; Smith et al., 2013a) averaged 24μgkg(-1) (A-horizon) and 22μgkg(-1) (C-horizon), and only 2.6% of data exceeded 100μgkg(-1). Soil Hg concentrations significantly differed among land covers, following the order: forested upland>planted/cultivated>herbaceous upland/shrubland>barren soils. Concentrations in forests were on average 2.5 times higher than in barren locations. Principal component analyses showed that soil Hg concentrations were not or weakly related to modeled dry and wet Hg deposition and proximity to mining, geothermal areas, and coal-fired power plants. Soil Hg distribution also was not closely related to other trace metals, but strongly associated with organic carbon, precipitation, canopy greenness, and foliar Hg pools of overlying vegetation. These patterns indicate that soil Hg concentrations are related to atmospheric deposition and reflect an overwhelming influence of plant productivity - driven by water availability - with productive landscapes showing high soil Hg accumulation and unproductive barren soils and shrublands showing low soil Hg values. Large expanses of low-productivity, arid ecosystems across the western U.S. result in some of the lowest soil Hg concentrations observed worldwide.
Secondary Metabolism for Isoprenoid-based Biofuels

Abstract Historically, ethanol has served as an archetypal renewable biofuel. However, its suboptimal fuel properties such as low energy content and high water miscibility have provided a strong motivation to explore alternative biofuels with improved fuel properties and compatibility to the existing fuel infrastructure. Isoprenoids are considered one of the most promising advanced biofuel candidates due to their high energy content, hydrophobicity, and excellent cold weather properties. The biosynthetic pathways for isoprenoid production have been extensively studied and engineered for microbial production of flavors, fragrances, drugs, and more recently for the production of biofuels. In this chapter, we will discuss naturally existing secondary metabolism pathways that synthesize isoprenoids. This work will focus on enzymes and their chemical reactions in particular. The mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway are the two major metabolic pathways for isoprenoid biosynthesis, and they do not share any enzyme or pathway intermediate up to the production of isopentenyl diphosphate. In Sections 2.2 and 2.3, we will discuss the biochemistry and the engineering approaches of these two pathways. In Section 2.4, we will summarize the efforts to engineer the metabolic pathways for isoprenoid biosynthesis in microbial platforms for isoprenoid-based biofuels. The latest progress toward production of isoprenoid-based biofuels is reported, with highlights on engineering efforts to improve metabolic pathways, production hosts, and fermentation processes.
Reproduction and Mortality of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite on Fruit Seedlings Treated with Chemicals

Plants deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus were less favorable than normal plants for the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), but were more severaly damaged by the mite increases. Added amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, and various foliar nutrients did not appreciably affect the mites. Also, various fungicidal sprays and heavy residues of insecticide and fungicides in the soil had no marked effects on egg laying or mortality of the mites on peach seedlings. Egg laying was greatly suppressed by the antibiotic fungicide cyclohexamide. Carbaryl and DDT did not stimulate egg laying; therefore such applications do not account for increases in mite populations observed to follow orchard treatments with these materials. Carbaryl had no appreciable effect on mortality of the two-spotted spider mite, but was very toxic to its important predator, Typhlodromus sp.
The dorsal apotome of pupae and fourth-instar larvae of Culicidae (Diptera), a structure of phylogenetic significance.

The development of the pupal dorsal apotome was exam/ned and compared in representatives of the families Culicidae, Chaoboridae. Corethrellidae. and Dixidae. Illustrations of the pupal dorsal apotome for 73 species. in 25 genera. are provided to show the differences and similarities between taxa. The 4th-instar larval dorsal apotome is compared and illustrated for the 3 subfamilies of Culicidae. The phylogenetic signifi- cance of the dorsal apotome of the pupae and 4th-instar larvae is discussed.
Integrating Electronic Health Records Into Clinical Workflow An Application of Human Factors Modeling Methods to Two Specialty Care Areas

Issues with workflow integration have contributed to slow rates of EHR adoption in specialty care settings. Based on the insights generated during collegial discussions with physician Subject Matte...
Risk decision making method for emergency response considering regret aversion

Aiming at risk decision making problem with multiple scenarios and different scenario probabilities,a method based on regret theory is proposed considering regret aversion of the decision maker.First,the utility of each alternative is calculated considering losses caused by the emergency event and costs of the alternatives respectively.Then,based on main idea of regret theory,regret value of each alternative is calculated considering losses caused by the emergency event and costs of the alternatives respectively,and perceiving utility of each alternative is obtained.Moreover,the overall perceiving utility of each alternative is calculated by integrating perceiving utilities considering losses of the emergency event and costs of the alternatives and a ranking of the alternatives is determined according to the overall perceiving utilities of the alternatives.Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Direct Marketing’s Future: Where’s the Promise and Threat of the Web? A Global Strategy Perspective

This paper examines the evolving application of direct marketing in a digital marketplace. The promise and threat associated with interactive marketing via the Web is identified. Various prerequisites for widening customer acceptance of global direct marketing using the Internet are explored. Current examples illustrative of the strategic use of Internet-based marketing that can provide guidance to those seeking to extend their reach to non-domestic markets are offered. The evolution of new conceptualizations of methods for developing e-commerce relationships (e.g., portals) and how companies can mine consumer and business databases to more accurately target Internet-using consumers and achieve greater profitability are discussed.
Kernel and Starch Properties of U.S. and Imported Medium- and Short-Grain Rice Cultivars

The production of medium- and short-grain rice in the mid-Southern U.S. rice-growing region is increasing. This work aimed to identify the quality traits of importance to the markets for these grain types. Twenty-five medium- and short-grain milled rice samples were collected and analyzed for physical, gelatinization, pasting, and starch structural properties. Six samples were from Arkansas (AR), five from California (CA), and 14 imported (IM). Cluster and principal component analyses showed that the AR samples had greater gelatinization temperature, enthalpy, and percentages of amylopectin long chains (B2 and B3 chains) but lesser kernel whiteness, total setback viscosity, and percentage of amylopectin short chains (A chains) than the CA samples. With the exception of one sample from Taiwan, chemometrics indicated that the IM samples differed from the AR samples (cluster A) in some properties and were grouped into three clusters (clusters B, C, and D). Cluster B samples had properties that were similar t...