cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shifting Faiths: Latino and Jewish Religious Identities

Growing up in Puerto Rico as a Catholic with a Jewish mother was a constant exercise in shifting between religious and cultural identities. I did not really embrace my Jewish roots until I was 18, when I attended a small liberal arts college, Sarah Lawrence, just outside New York. There, surrounded by my newly found friends, I was declared Jewish. “Your mother is Jewish,” a friend proclaimed, “therefore you are Jewish.” Perhaps it was because I had the opportunity to start a new life or because my Catholicism had eroded; perhaps I wanted to belong and intuitively understood that this was my in, this new group of Jewish friends that had adopted me so easily based on an inherited legitimate cultural religious identity that I barely understood. Or perhaps I was crafting a whole new identity, even rebelling a bit from the constraints of Puerto Rican Catholicism. Whatever the case, I decided to audition this new identity. It seems to have stuck; post-college I went to work for the New Israel Fund. I married a Jewish man. My children are Jewish.
Food Contamination Sources

Food products are rich in nutrients required by microorganisms and may become contaminated. Major contamination sources are water, air, dust, equipment, sewage, insects, rodents, and employees.
Autonomous microstructure EM-APEX floats

Abstract Fast responding FP-07 thermistors have been incorporated on autonomous profiling EM-APEX floats to measure microscale ocean temperature fluctuations produced by turbulence. In this implementation, the FP-07 thermistor generates an electrical signal corresponding to ocean temperature fluctuations, which is conditioned by an analog circuit board, and digitized and recorded on a custom data acquisition and storage board. The raw and processed temperature observations are stored on a microSD card. Results from eight microstructure EM-APEX floats deployed in the Sargasso Sea are presented here. The slow profiling speed of EM-APEX floats enables them to resolve the higher wavenumber regime of the microscale temperature gradient spectrum, beyond the roll-off wavenumber. The temperature variance dissipation rate χ is computed directly by integrating the observed temperature gradient spectrum over the turbulence wavenumber region without the need to fit the observed temperature gradient spectrum to the empirical spectral form. The accuracy of χ estimated from microstructure EM-APEX floats is confirmed by the agreement, within a factor of 2, between the temperature diffusivity K T computed from our estimates of χ and estimates of diapcynal diffusivity computed from simultaneous tracer measurements. The observed temperature gradient spectra averaged over many realizations resemble the Batchelor spectral form, though individual spectra often do not fit the empirical prediction. Estimates of χ from different floats have similar temporal fluctuations and vertical profiles, further supporting measurement quality. Estimates of χ exhibit a lognormal distribution, as expected for statistically homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Turbulence measurements derived from FP-07 sensors on autonomous profiling floats are of comparable quality to those on conventional free-fall microstructure profilers.
Microcellular handoff using fuzzy techniques

In order to manage the high call density expected in future cellular systems, microcell must be used. The size of the microcell will cause a dramatic increase in the number of handoffs. In addition, the small size of the microcell will require handoff algorithms to respond faster than those in today's systems. The problems are further exacerbated by the corner effect phenomenon which causes the signal level to drop by 20–30 dB in 10–20 m. Thus, in order to maintain reliable communication in a microcellular system new and better handoff algorithms must be developed. The use of hysteresis and averaging window in classical handoff techniques reduces unnecessary handoffs, but causes delays which may result in the calls being dropped. A fuzzy based handoff algorithm is proposed in this paper as a solution to this problem. The performance of fuzzy based handoff algorithm was also compared to that obtained using the classical handoff algorithms.
Visualising the cost of quality investment using equity breakeven point

The fully-burdened cost of quality management programs must be viewed from a systems perspective with respect to the value impacted on the organisation. What appears to be cost-effective or cheap in the present scenario may proof to be costly (or even disastrous) in the long run of market share with respect to customer perception. This paper presents an application of the equity breakeven point technique for graphical analysis of quality investments. The mathematical derivation of the equity breakeven point indicates the time when the unpaid balance on a capital investment is equal to the cumulative equity in the investment, thereby providing an a-priori insight into how long it might take to retire an investment loan on the strength of the accrued equity. This type of knowledge is useful for negotiating the terms of acquiring and/or managing large quality-oriented projects, with expected long-term impacts.
Process Dissociation Analyses of Memory Changes in Healthy Aging, Preclinical, and Very Mild Alzheimer Disease: Evidence for Isolated Recollection Deficits.

Objective Recollection and familiarity are independent processes that contribute to memory performance. Recollection is dependent on attentional control, which has been shown to be disrupted in early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas familiarity is independent of attention. The present longitudinal study examines the sensitivity of recollection estimates based on Jacoby's (1991) process dissociation procedure to AD-related biomarkers in a large sample of well-characterized cognitively normal middle-aged and older adults (N = 519) and the extent to which recollection discriminates these individuals from individuals with very mild symptomatic AD (N = 64). Method Participants studied word pairs (e.g., knee bone), then completed a primed, explicit, cued fragment-completion memory task (e.g., knee b_n_). Primes were either congruent with the correct response (e.g., bone), incongruent (e.g., bend), or neutral (e.g., &&&). This design allowed for the estimation of independent contributions of recollection and familiarity processes, using the process dissociation procedure. Results Recollection, but not familiarity, was impaired in healthy aging and in very mild AD. Recollection discriminated cognitively normal individuals from the earliest detectable stage of symptomatic AD above and beyond standard psychometric tests. In cognitively normal individuals, baseline CSF measures indicative of AD pathology were related to lower initial recollection and less practice-related improvement in recollection over time. Finally, presence of amyloid plaques, as imaged by PIB-PET, was also related to less improvement in recollection over time. Conclusions These findings suggest that attention-demanding memory processes, such as recollection, may be particularly sensitive to both symptomatic and preclinical AD pathology. (PsycINFO Database Record
Exchange Rate Exposure : International Evidence from Daily Firm-Level Data

This paper examines impact of changes in the foreign exchange rate on firms’ stock returns in global markets. Using daily firm-level data for 14 international markets from January 2000 to December 2011, we find evidence that changes in the trade-weighted multilateral exchange rate systematically impact individual firms’ stock returns for all seven emerging markets and some advanced economies. Controlling for price factors such as market risk premium, Fama-French factors, the momentum, and the liquidity factor, we correct the upward bias of the estimation. Stocks in export-oriented economies are shown to considerably benefit from local currency depreciation. Further, in emerging markets, exchange rate movements affect larger firms with more intense global connections, but in advanced markets, they affect smaller firms with limited access to hedging to a larger extent. Long-run equilibrium relationships between stock markets and foreign exchange markets become stronger since the global financial crisis of 2008~2009.
Contrast enhancement of biological nanoporous materials with zinc oxide infiltration for electron and X-ray nanoscale microscopy.

We show that using infiltration of ZnO metal oxide can be useful for high resolution imaging of biological samples in electron and X-ray microscopy. The method is compatible with standard fixation techniques that leave the sample dry, such as finishing with super critical CO2 drying, or simple vacuum drying up to 95 °C. We demonstrate this technique can be applied on tooth and brain tissue samples. We also show that high resolution X-ray tomography can be performed on biological systems using Zn K edge (1s) absorption to enhance internal structures, and obtained the first nanoscale 10 KeV X-ray absorption images of the interior regions of a tooth.
Evaluating the Promotion of Innovative Mobility Options with an Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation Approach

The growing, aging, and urbanizing traveling population of the United States requires different and more personal designed mobility options. The private sector, in association with public firms, has started to test and deploy innovative solutions to address these shifting needs. Unfortunately, the build-first-and-users-will-come theory does not hold much weight. Overnight success stories are often the result of years of hard work behind the scenes. Simply put, start-up marketing is often a unique challenge because of limited resources, whether it is time, money, or talent. This study, therefore, introduced an agent-based model that could be used to simulate the reaction of commuters and travelers on the introduction of an innovative mobility option and business model. The model was backed up with empirical data from an Austin, Texas–based innovative mobility solution, the Metropia app. The results of this study show the importance of how and when promotional activities are conducted, with respect to the c...
A rapidly growing human papillomavirus‑positive oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in a 21‑year old female: A case report

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has a median age at diagnosis of 62 years. The incidence of OTSCC in young adults has been increasing, and the reason is unclear. The present study describes a case, and molecular analysis, of OTSCC in a 21-year-old female. Clinical and pathological information were collected from medical records. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy tissue from the patient was reassessed using standard hematoxylin & eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of cellular p16, MutL homolog (MLH)1, MLH2, MutS homolog 6 (MSH6) and PMS1 homolog 2 (PMS2). The human papilloma virus (HPV) genome was detected by PCR analysis of the extracted DNA. The young age of the patient with OTSCC was unusual. The original pathology report indicated koilocytotic atypia, a cellular abnormality associated with HPV. Although HPV-positive oral cancer tends to occur in 'younger' individuals, 21 years is unusual. The confirmation of biologically active HPV in the tumor was obtained via the observation of strong positive staining for cellular p16. The patient described a maternal family cluster of rare cancer types, thus the possibility that this rapidly growing cancer resulted from HPV infection combined with an underlying genetic mutation causing decreased DNA-mismatch repair was explored. However, MSH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PSM2, proteins that are associated with Lynch Syndrome, were expressed at normal levels. A rapidly growing OTSCC of a 21-year-old female was determined to be HPV-positive. The patient underwent combination chemotherapy and radiation and has experienced long-term survival without recurrence. The reason this tumor grew so quickly in such a young individual remains unknown. These types of cases warrant additional genomic and proteomic studies to improve understanding of this phenomenon.
Betrixaban: A New Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor for Extended Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in High-Risk Hospitalized Patients.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of the factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor betrixaban for extended-duration prophylaxis of acute medically ill patients with veno...
Influence of water depth on energy expenditure during aquatic walking in people post stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the metabolic cost during aquatic walking at various depths in people post stroke. The secondary purpose was to examine the differences in metabolic cost between aquatic walking and land walking among individuals post stroke. DESIGN A cross-sectional research design is used. METHODS Twelve participants post stroke (aged 55.5 ± 13.3 years) completed 6 min of walking in 4 different conditions: chest-depth, waist-depth, and thigh-depth water, and land. Data were collected on 4 separate visits with at least 48 hr in between. On the first visit, all participants were asked to walk in chest-depth water at their fastest speed. The walking speed was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining 3 walking conditions. The order of remaining walking conditions was randomized. Energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2 ), and minute ventilation (VE ) were measured with a telemetric metabolic system. RESULTS Our findings showed statistically significant differences in EE, VO2 , and VE among the 4 different walking conditions: chest-depth, waist-depth, and thigh-depth water, and land (all p < .05). The participants demonstrated reduction in all variables as the water depth increased from thigh depth to chest depth. Significantly higher values in EE and VO2 were found when the water depth increased from waist depth to chest depth. However, no significant difference was found in all variables between thigh-depth and waist-depth walking. Only thigh-depth walking revealed significant differences when compared with land walking in all variables. CONCLUSIONS People post stroke consume less energy in chest-depth water, which may allow them to perform prolonged duration of training. Thigh-depth water demonstrated greater EE compared with other water depths; thus, it can be recommended for time-efficient cardiovascular exercise. Waist-depth water showed similar EE to land walking, which may have been contributed by the countervailing effects of buoyancy and water resistance.
Project Integration Architecture: Implementation of the CORBA-Served Application Infrastructure

The Project Integration Architecture (PIA) has been demonstrated in a single-machine C++ implementation prototype. The architecture is in the process of being migrated to a Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) implementation. The migration of the Foundation Layer interfaces is fundamentally complete. The implementation of the Application Layer infrastructure for that migration is reported. The Application Layer provides for distributed user identification and authentication, per-user/per-instance access controls, server administration, the formation of mutually-trusting application servers, a server locality protocol, and an ability to search for interface implementations through such trusted server networks.
Heart Failure and Kidney Disease: Management in the Short-Stay Unit

Both heart failure and kidney disease are among the fastest growing diagnoses in the United States. The presentation of a patient with heart failure and concomitant kidney disease describes one of the most complex patient populations to manage. Unfortunately, recent data indicates that more than half of heart failure patients have underlying kidney dysfunction. Current treatment options for managing acutely decompensated heart failure focus on improving heart function through reductions in preload, afterload, and increasing cardiac output. However, these modalities can damage renal function; therefore, additional treatment options must be considered when managing patients with heart failure and underlying renal dysfunction. This chapter explores diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic options that can be employed when dealing with this often overlooked patient population. Although there are well-established guidelines for managing heart failure and kidney disease alone, the lack of significant randomized clinical trials guiding management of their copresentation in the emergency department and short-stay unit has slowed development of evidence-based treatment guidelines. This chapter will mainly focus on the additional management of patients with heart failure and concomitant kidney disease in the short-stay unit. New York Heart Association heart failure class IV and end-stage renal disease will not be considered in this presentation.
Substance Abuse in Adolescents, Prevention of

Substance abuse is a public health problem that countries throughout the world have struggled with for many decades. Efforts to reduce substance abuse through prevention and education have largely relied on teaching children and adolescents about the adverse consequences of using tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. While research shows that these approaches are ineffective, newer approaches focusing on the social and psychological factors involved in the onset and early stages of substance use offer considerable promise. These prevention approaches target individuals during the beginning of adolescence and teach drug resistance skills and norm setting either alone or in combination with general personal and social skills. A growing body of research indicates that they can significantly reduce adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Booster sessions can help maintain, and in some instances even enhance, prevention effects. These approaches are effective when taught by different kinds of teachers and work with different populations of adolescents.
Identification and characterization of a new methylated amino acid in ribosomal protein L33 of Escherichiacoli

Abstract Methylated amino acids from ribosomal protein L33 of various Escherichia coli strains (Q13, B and MRE600) were analyzed. It was found that while protein L33 from E. coli Q13 contains two methylated neutral amino acids (peaks I and II), only one methylated neutral amino acid (peak I) was found in protein L33 derived from both E. coli strains B and MRE600. The methylated amino acid present in peak I was identified as N-monomethylalanine by ion-exchange column chromatography, high-voltage paper electrophoresis and descending paper chromatography using different solvent systems. This marks the first time that N-monomethylalanine was found in any ribosomal protein.
Neurotrophin-3 and maintenance of muscle afferent function.

Publisher Summary Axotomizing peripheral cutaneous and muscle nerves and thus depriving them of contact with their peripheral targets result in slowed conduction of their action potentials. Reinnervation of their peripheral targets results in the recovery of conduction velocity. These results suggest the sufficiency of the normal peripheral target for the maintenance of at least one measure of normal physiological function (conduction velocity), and further suggest the presence of some substance(s) in the target tissue that is capable of acting in a supportive trophic manner on the innervating afferent fibers. Groups I and II muscle afferents of cats uniformly exhibit several physiological properties: they are rapidly conducting (24–120 m/s), have mechanosensitive receptive fields in muscle, are slowly adapting in response to a maintained stimulus and are stretch-sensitive, and generate monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in homonymous and heteronymous spinal motoneurons. In the experiments described in this chapter, it has been investigated (1) whether maintenance of these various other physiological properties of the peripheral sensory nerves also depends upon target innervation and (2) whether the reinnervation by afferents of foreign and native target tissues is sufficient for the maintenance of these properties. The neurotrophin NT-3, along with its high affinity receptor (tyrosine kinase-C, trkC), has been shown to be essential for the aspects of normal development during the prenatal period.
Joint Server and Network Energy Saving in Data Centers for Latency-Sensitive Applications

Achieving energy proportionality in data centers supporting latency-sensitive applications is challenging because of the strict Service Level Agreements. Previous works individually focus on making the server energy proportional or reducing the data center network's power consumption for latency-tolerant applications. In this paper, we propose EPRONS to minimize the overall data center's power consumption with latency-sensitive applications by trading-off network slack in favor of providing additional slack for computations. We utilize the linear programming model to consolidate latency-sensitive search queries and latency-tolerant background flows to a minimal subnet of the topology by turning off unused switches and links without violating the application deadlines. Servers take advantage of the additional 'network-provided' slack to allow slowing down request processing. For servers, we design a novel power saving technique using Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) based on the average tail latency of a request. If needed, we turn on a minimal number of additional network links and switches to reduce network latency while still maximizing entire data center's power saving. Experimental results show that our scheme saves up to 31.25% of a data center's total power budget.
Savoring surplus: effects of food rescue on recipients

ABSTRACTFood rescue programs have the potential to reduce food waste and food insecurity. Since their inception, millions of pounds of perishable food have been redistributed. To date, little is kn...
Post Kidney Transplant Immediate Complications: Delayed Graft Function and Wound

Delayed graft function (DGF) is the need for dialysis in the first 7 days after kidney transplant, and is a form of acute kidney injury. DGF is a consequence of ischemia/reperfusion injury, and is most common in deceased donor kidney transplant recipients with an incidence of 25% in brain dead donors and 40% in donor after cardiac death. DGF begins to recover within the first 20 days post-transplant in most recipients. DGF that persists beyond 90 days is primary nonfunction. Risk factors for DGF include donor age, BMI, hypertension, death due to stroke or anoxia, terminal serum creatinine, cold ischemia time, warm ischemia time, recipient BMI, male gender, black ethnicity, previous transplant or blood transfusion, number of HLA mismatches and duration of dialysis. DGF is associated with increased 30-day readmission rate, poorer kidney allograft function, risk for rejection and shorter patient and allograft survival. Management of DGF includes close monitoring of graft function, optimizing immunosuppression and dialyzing as indicated.
EASE OF USE AND USEFULNESS OF A MOBILE MEDICATION APP IN AGING ADULTS

Older adults account for approximately one-third of all prescribed and over-the-counter medication use. Self-management of medication schedules may become increasingly difficult. Mobile technology is a possible intervention for self-management of health and chronic disease in rural areas where aging adults experience health disparities. The purpose of this study is to explore the usefulness and ease of use of a mobile medication reminder app for self-management of medications among rural aging adults. Adults’ ≥ 55 years of age were recruited from two Midwestern rural communities. Participants (N=15) downloaded MediSafe® on their mobile device and used the app over two weeks. Subjective and objective data was collected on 13 participants at 2 weeks and included: perceived usefulness, problems, task time, and errors. Univariate descriptive statistics were performed on the data. Most participants did not have difficulty downloading the app; 9 uploaded medication information correctly and 3 needed assistance uploading medication information. Six participants forgot to log medication use. Ten participants perceived the app as useful and 8 believed it helped improve self-management of medications. The most useful app features were medication reminders and medication tracking. Eight participants recommended medication apps should include real-time alerts for harmful medications or potential drug interactions. Mobile medication apps are perceived as useful to help with self-management, and with initial assistance, are fairly easy to use. Aging adults in rural areas may benefit from different app features that are not currently available. Mobile apps and technology may benefit from transgenerational and transcultural design.
Increasing physical activity among children and adolescents: Innovative ideas needed

For anyone paying attention, this is a disruptive time in science in general and in health promotion science in particular. Obesity is the most prevalent nutrition-related health problem around the globe.1 The issue of whether, as is commonly thought, obesity is causative of early mortality2 or whether it is only a marker of risk3, 4 has been raised. The lack of substantial and maintained change in child obesity prevention has been recognized,5 and numerous limitations in our conceptual and methodological approach to obesity prevention have been identified.6 The simple energy balance biological model upon which most obesity prevention programs have been predicated has been declared invalid,7, 8 with a multi-etiological model thought to be more appropriate.9 Physical activity (PA) is considered an important health-related behavior, which may be related to obesity.10 Higher levels of PA have been associated with longer life;11 a lower risk of cardiovascular disease;12 lower levels of several cancers,13 stroke,14 and diabetes;15 a higher quality of life;16 better mental health;17 higher cognitive functioning;18 and numerous other positive health outcomes. Thus, if the citizens of all nations had optimal levels of PA throughout their adult lives, they would live to be older, healthier, happier, more sentient, make fewer demands on the health care system, and likely be more productive,19 a state of affairs desired by many citizens, their employers, and their governments. Regular PA is essentially a habit,20 believed to begin in childhood. Children tend to have higher levels of PA at younger ages, but these behaviors decrease as they age.21 Thus, there has been substantial interest in PA among children, even the youngest, to document existing levels and understand the influences on these levels of activity (positive and negative).22 Based on this knowledge, interventions can be designed to promote and maintain optimal levels of PA throughout childhood and adolescence23, 24 for carryover into the adult years.
The hydrocode convergence problem — part 1

Abstract Assume that the following are given: (i) a hydrocode producing numerical solutions to some discrete analog of the conservation laws of continuum mechanics, (ii) a p-law (relation between the pressure p and other variables), (iii) initial and boundary value data and (iv) a mesh of points in space-time where the discrete solution is to be found by the hydrocode. In this paper the problem studied is whether or not the sequence of discrete solutions converges as the mesh is refined. Convergence can be proved in some cases as follows. For one-dimensional flows the problem can be split into three cases; in case n (n = 1, 2, 3) there is a system of n conservation laws. Further, case n divides into case nA and case nB — case nA assumes the problem well posed and the solution smooth, and convergence can be proved in this case; case nB does not make these assumptions, and convergence has not been proved in general in this case. Thus in case nB weak solutions (e.g. shock waves) are allowed. If the p-law allows p to depend only on the specific momentum u, then the u-law (conservation of momentum) is the only one of the three conservation laws needed to determine the motion and case 1 results; if the p-law allows p to depend only on the specific volume V, then the u-law and V-law (conservation of volume) are needed and case 2 results; if p depends only on V and the specific internal energy ζ, then the u-law, V-law and E-law (conservation of energy) are needed and case 3 results. Solutions to the problem for cases nA (n = 1, 2, 3) and cases nB (n = 1,2) are surveyed; then case 3B is studied and some results presented. The results are referred to as motion compactness theorems. They follow from the embedding theorem of Sobolev spaces and show that the sequence of discrete motions is sequentially compact under assumptions appropriate to case 3B and, in particular, with the case when the p-law is the ideal gas law.
Manipulation of gut microbiota during critical developmental windows affects host physiological performance and disease susceptibility across ontogeny

Colonization of gut microbiomes during early life can shape metabolism and immunity of adult animals. However, most data are derived from antibiotic-treated or germ-free laboratory mammals. Furthermore, few studies have explored how microbial colonization during critical windows influences a suite of other fitness-related traits in wild animals. This study tested whether hatching constitutes a critical developmental window for gut microbiome colonization in wild-caught amphibians and whether perturbations to gut microbiota at hatching shape fitness-related traits of larval growth, metabolism, metamorphosis and disease susceptibility. We sterilized wood frog eggs and then inoculated them with microbes from differing sources, including from another species (bullfrogs) that differ in disease resistance and life history. We measured development, growth and metabolic rates through metamorphosis among individuals from each microbial treatment. A separate group was exposed to an LD50 dose of ranavirus-an emerging disease-to test for microbiome effects on disease susceptibility. We also quantified rates of deformities to test for microbial treatment effects on overall health. Manipulation of microbiota on eggs altered the trajectory of gut microbiome communities across larval ontogeny, though disruption appeared to be transitory. While microbiome structure converged among the treatments by metamorphosis, the effects of disruption on host phenotypes persisted. Larvae inoculated with the bullfrog gut microbiota exhibited accelerated growth and development rates compared to controls. By contrast, sterilized larvae maintained in sterile water for several days after hatching exhibited greater disruption to their gut microbiota across ontogeny, as well as altered metabolism, more tail deformities, and were more likely to die when exposed to an LD50 dose of ranavirus compared to the other treatments. These results suggest perturbations to the microbiota during critical developmental windows can alter the trajectory of the gut microbiome, and have long-term effects on fitness-related traits in larval amphibians. These results suggest that explicit tests of how changes in the composition and abundance of the microbial community shape phenotypes across ontogeny in amphibians could shed light on host-microbe interactions in wildlife, as well as inform conservation efforts to mitigate emerging diseases.
Eccentric Reaming for B2 Glenoids: History, Preoperative Planning, Surgical Technique, and Outcome.

BackgroundThe biconcave (B2) glenoid is characterized by preservation of the anterior portion of the native glenoid with asymmetric wear of the posterior glenoid. Surgical options for glenoid corre...
Detection of clinically signifi cant prostate cancer with PIRADS v2 scores, PSA density, and ADC values in regions with and without mpMRI visible lesions.

Author(s): Westphalen, Antonio C; Fazel, Farhad; Nguyen, Hao; Cabarrus, Miguel; Hanley-Knutson, Katryana; Shinohara, Katsuto; Carroll, Peter R | Abstract: PurposeTo determine if PSAD, PSADtz, and ADC values improve the accuracy of PI-RADS v2 and identify men whose concurrent systematic biopsy detects clinically significant cancer on areas without mpMRI visible lesions.Materials and methodsSingle reference-center, cross-sectional, retrospective study of consecutive men with suspected or known low to intermediate-risk prostate cancer who underwent 3T mpMRI and TRUS-MRI fusion biopsy from 07/15/2014 to 02/17/2018. Cluster-corrected logistic regression analyses were utilized to predict clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥3+4) at targeted mpMRI lesions and on systematic biopsy.Results538 men (median age=66 years, median PSA=7.0ng/mL) with 780mpMRI lesions were included. Clinically significant disease was diagnosed in 371 men. PI-RADS v2 scores of 3, 4, and 5 were clinically significant cancer in 8.0% (16/201), 22.8% (90/395), and 59.2% (109/184). ADC values, PSAD, and PI-RADS v2 scores were independent predictors of clinically significant cancer in targeted lesions (OR 2.25-8.78; P values l0.05; AUROC 0.84, 95% CI 0.81-0.87). Increases in PSAD were also associated with upgrade on systematic biopsy (OR 2.39-2.48; P values l0.05; AUROC 0.69, 95% CI 0.64-0.73).ConclusionsADC values and PSAD improve characterization of PI-RADS v2 score 4 or 5 lesions. Upgraded on systematic biopsy is slightly more likely with PSAD ≥0.15 and multiple small PI-RADS v2 score 3 or 4 lesions.
Risk of misdiagnosing chronic traumatic encephalopathy in men with depression

Objective:In recent years, it has been proposed that depression represents one clinical subtype of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). This is the first study to examine the specificity of the ...
Whitman’s “the Million Dead, Too, Summ’d Up” in an age of endless war

Walt Whitman’s “The Million Dead, Too, Summ’d Up” is often read as an exaggeration of the casualties of the Civil War. Yet, by understanding Whitman’s words through the lens of PTSD, readers may se...
Comment: Ridge Regression—Still Inspiring After 50 Years

It is very interesting to learn the history of ridge analysis/ridge regression as well as stories of its inventors from Professor Hoerl’s article. The overview article has covered many important as...
Exercise-Induced Abnormalities of Regional Myocardial Deformation in Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Right Coronary Artery:

Aims:Congenital coronary artery anomalies are uncommon and may result in sudden death. Management of asymptomatic patients with anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery (AAORCA) remains...
National Disparities in Insurance Coverage of Comprehensive Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Care.

Comprehensive craniomaxillofacial trauma care includes correcting functional deficits, addressing acquired deformities and appearance, and providing psychosocial support. The aim of this study was to characterize insurance coverage of surgical, medical, and psychosocial services indicated for longitudinal facial trauma care and highlight national discrepancies in policy. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of insurance coverage was performed for treatment of common functional, appearance, and psychosocial facial trauma sequelae. Policies were scored for coverage (3), case-by-case coverage (2), no mention (1), and exclusion (0). The sum of points determined coverage scores for functional sequelae, acquired-appearance sequelae, and psychosocial sequelae, the sum of which generated a Comprehensive Coverage Score. Results Medicaid earned lower comprehensive coverage scores and lower coverage scores for psychosocial sequelae than did private insurance (P = 0.02, P = 0.02). Medicaid CCSs were lowest in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri. Private insurance CCSs and psychosocial sequelae were highest in Colorado and Delaware, and lowest in Wisconsin. Coverage scores for functional sequelae and for acquired-appearance sequelae were similar for Medicaid and private policies. Medicaid coverage scores were higher in states that opted into Medicaid expansion (P = 0.04), states with Democrat governors (P = 0.02), states with mandated paid leave (P = 0.01), and states with >40% total population living >400% above federal poverty (P = 0.03). Medicaid comprehensive coverage scores and coverage scores for psychosocial sequelae were lower in southeastern states. Private insurance coverage scores for functional sequelae and for ASCSs were lower in the Midwest. Conclusions Insurance disparities in comprehensive craniomaxillofacial care coverage exist, particularly for psychosocial services. The disparities correlate with current state-level geopolitics. There is a uniform need to address national and state-specific differences in coverage from both Medicaid and private insurance policies.
Momentum Investing and Business Cycle Risk: Evidence from Pole to Pole

We examine whether macroeconomic risk can explain momentum profits internationally. Neither an unconditional model based on the Chen, Roll, and Ross (1986) factors nor a conditional forecasting model based on lagged instruments provides any evidence that macroeconomic risk variables can explain momentum. In addition, momentum profits around the world are economically large and statistically reliable in both good and bad economic states. Further, these momentum profits reverse over 1- to 5-year horizons, an action inconsistent with existing risk-based explanations of momentum
Learning Continuous Exponential Families Beyond Gaussian.

We address the problem of learning of continuous exponential family distributions with unbounded support. While a lot of progress has been made on learning of Gaussian graphical models, we are still lacking scalable algorithms for reconstructing general continuous exponential families modeling higher-order moments of the data beyond the mean and the covariance. Here, we introduce a computationally efficient method for learning continuous graphical models based on the Interaction Screening approach. Through a series of numerical experiments, we show that our estimator maintains similar requirements in terms of accuracy and sample complexity compared to alternative approaches such as maximization of conditional likelihood, while considerably improving upon the algorithm's run-time.
Measurable Traits of Personality and Incidence of Somatic Illness among College Students

Abstract This investigation attempted to explore the possibility of certain relationships existing between physical illness and personality in university men and women. Ninety-five subjects were given the short group form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. These subjects were classed as repeaters or non-repeaters in terms of the frequency of infirmary visits for somatic complaints during one school year. Relationships between the dichotomous categories of physical health or illness and the MMPI scales of emotional health were determined by the point bi-serial method. In addition, t ratios were computed to test the reliabilities of the differences between group means for the nine scales of personality. The findings suggest significant associations between certain aspects of personality and the incidence of complaints of physical illness.
Effect of topical anesthesia on episcleral venous pressure in normal human subjects.

PURPOSE Topical anesthetics can reduce episcleral venous pressure (EVP) and IOP in rabbits. In this study, we investigated the effect of topical anesthesia on EVP in normal human subjects. METHODS We included in this study 30 eyes of 15 healthy volunteers who were habitual soft contact lens wearers. The EVP was measured before and at 5 and 10 minutes after instillation of topical proparacaine 0.5% in one eye. The EVP was measured by using a custom objective venomanometer. We compared EVP at 5 and 10 minutes after proparacaine to EVP before instilling proparacaine. RESULTS There was no significant difference between EVP in eyes receiving topical anesthetic at 5 or 10 minutes (7.2 ± 2.2 and 7.6 ± 2.7 mm Hg, respectively; mean ± SD) compared to contralateral eyes (6.9 ± 2.5 and 7.3 ± 2.6 mm Hg, respectively; P > 0.10). As well, EVP was not significantly different 5 or 10 minutes after topical anesthesia compared to baseline in either the eyes receiving anesthetic or the contralateral eyes (all P > 0.10; minimum detectable difference, 1.4-1.9 mm Hg, α = 0.05, β = 0.20, n = 30 eyes). CONCLUSIONS The EVP in human eyes is not affected significantly by topical anesthetics.
Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism

Substantial progress has been made in the past year in identifying new primary disorders associated with abnormalities of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, in defining more precisely the metabolic consequences of specific enzyme defects, and in deducing the mechanisms involved in producing their clinical expression. A new primary cause of purine overproduction has been identified in children with a type of genetically determined immunodeficiency disease involving a primary T-cell dysfunction (Cohen et al., 1976; Wadman et al., 1977; Stoop et al., 1977). The condition, however, presents a curious metabolic paradox. Although the children overproduce purines, they produce virtually no uric acid and so can be conveniently identified by their marked hypouricemia and hypour-icuria. The resolution of the paradox is found in the metabolic site of their enzyme deficiency—a gross deficiency of the enzyme purine nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP), which is responsible for processing purine ribosides to their free purine bases. As a consequence, the ribosides inosine and guanosine and the corresponding deoxyribosides replace uric acid as the end products of purine metabolism and are produced in a remarkable abundance quite comparable to the record degree of purine overproduction excreted as uric acid by children with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
Numerical Study of Axisymmetric Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability and Azimuthal Effect on Spherical Mixing

In this paper, we present a numerical study of the axisymmetric Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in converging spherical geometry by the front tracking method for the first time. The front tracking method has been successfully used in solving fluid instability problems in both rectangular and curved geometry.(1–6) The central issue for axisymmetric flows is the absence of the rotational symmetry in the (r, z) plane, although the perturbed shape of the initial contact interface appears to have it. The cause of the asymmetry is somewhat obvious. The sinusoidal perturbations appear symmetric only in the cross-sectional view; in actuality they are not symmetric because they represent rings around the z-axis and hence the perturbed mass at the equator, for example, is different from the perturbed mass at the pole. The first purpose of this paper is to quantify the effect of this inherited asymmetry on the growth of the spherical mixing. We find this asymmetry drives the original structure to some degree so that the mixing radius at the north pole is noticeably larger than at the equator during the evolution of chaotic mixing. We also study quantitatively the azimuthal dependence of the mixing statistics, such as the mixing edges, the growth rate and volume fraction. Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instabilities in spherical geometry have been a challenge due to the inherent difficulty of their accurate simulation. Our second purpose is to demonstrate that our Front Tracking method can describe the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability growth in a complex flow involving multiple reshocks. We have successfully displayed the converging geometry, reshock process, asymmetry phenomenon through the density and pressure color plots. The quantitative growth rate analysis is also presented.
Portable canopy chamber measurements of evapotranspiration in corn, soybean and reconstructed prairie

Abstract Evapotranspiration (ET) is a vital component of a field water balance. Canopy chambers are a promising method for determining crop ET because they are portable and applicable at a relatively small plot (m2) scale. Although a variety of canopy chamber designs have been proposed, field tests are still necessary to evaluate chamber performance for measuring crop ET. The objectives of this study are (1) to construct and use an improved canopy chamber to measure ET of three crops [corn (Zea mays, L.), soybean (Glycine max), and reconstructed mixed prairie] and (2) to compare the canopy chamber measurements with flux tower results and field water balance measurements (i.e., rainfall, soil water storage, ET and drainage). Three cropping systems including corn/soybean in a corn-soybean rotation, and reconstructed mixed prairie were studied in central Iowa. Canopy chamber daytime measurements were performed on 18 days in 2013 (a relatively dry growing season) and on 15 days in 2014 (a relatively wet growing season). Based on the results, the differences in daily ET and seasonal cumulative ET between canopy chambers and an eddy covariance flux tower over the measurement periods were within 5%, providing evidence that the portable canopy chamber can accurately measured ET. The chamber ET values and field water balance ET values had similar patterns over the 2013 and 2014 measurement periods, and the differences of cumulative results were less than 10%. In conclusion, the canopy chamber was proven to be an effective method for measuring small plot ET.
FALSE POSITIVE STRESS TESTS DUE TO UNDETECTED LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

Without large vessel coronary artery disease, clinically evident left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an identified cause of ischemic ST segment changes during exercise. The contribution of subclinical LVH to false positive exercise stress test was evaluated from data of 31 patients without electrocardiographic evidence of LVH who underwent concurrent exercise stress testing, M-mode echocardiography and coronary arteriography at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, between January, 1976, and December, 1979, and who met echocardiographic criteria for LVH. Using Bayes theorem, the authors found the probability was 0.59 that a patient with electrocardiogram-undetected LVH does not have significant coronary disease with a positive stress test. The probability of normal coronary arteries with a positive stress test in patients without LVH on echocardiogram was 0.24. Inapparent LVH detected by echocardiography increases the likelihood that a patient with a positive stress test does not have coronary disease. Thus, the positive exercise electrocardiogram should be cautiously interpreted in apparently normal patients who have LVH detectable only by echocardiography.
SPIN CORRELATIONS IN THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CRYSTALS La2CuO4 AND K2NiF4

The recent progress in studying the spin correlations of the quantum 2D antiferromagnetic systems is reviewed. The theoretical results agree well with the neutron scattering experiments on both spin-1/2 La2CuO4 and spin-1 K2NiF4.
Diffusion of Gases through Metals

THE rate of diffusion of gases through metals has been found to be approximately proportional to the square root of the gas pressure, and is generally represented by the equation. Borelius and Lindblom1 made accurate determinations of the rate of diffusion of hydrogen through various metals and found their results were more nearly represented by the empirical equation where Pt was a threshold value of pressure below which no diffusion took places.