cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histological pattern of mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: Mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma may progress by either an infiltrative or an erosive histological pattern. The infiltrative pattern is marked by nests and cords of tumor cells along an irregular tumor front, and the erosive pattern exhibits a broad, pushing tumor front. The objectives of this study were 1) to define the characteristics associated with each histological pattern of mandibular invasion, 2) to assess the relationship between pattern of invasion and clinical outcome as measured by death with disease and disease presence at last follow-up, and 3) to determine whether the cell cycle markers cyclin D1 and Ki-67 are associated with the histological pattern of invasion or are predictive of outcome. Study Design: Retrospective study of 68 patients with mandibular invasion by oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated by mandibulectomy. Methods: The clinical records, pathology reports, and original H&E-stained slides were reviewed for each patient. Immunohistochemical staining of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 was performed on slides cut from the paraffin blocks of these patients' specimens. Results: The parameters found to be significantly associated with the infiltrative pattern of mandibular invasion included higher tumor grade, medullary space invasion, positive bone or soft tissue margins, history of previously failed treatment, and postoperative tumor recurrence. The infiltrative pattern had a positive bone margin rate of 47.6% and a primary site recurrence rate of 52.6%. In contrast, the erosive pattern had a positive bone margin rate of 4.9% and a primary site recurrence rate of 16.7%. The infiltrative pattern of invasion gave a fourfold increased risk of death with disease and disease presence at last follow-up in univariate and multivariate analyses when compared with the erosive pattern of invasion. The 3-year disease-free survival was 30% for the infiltrative pattern and 73% for the erosive pattern. The median disease-free survival was 1.5 years for the infiltrative pattern and 5.5 years for the erosive pattern. There was no correlation between cyclin D1 or Ki-67 staining and invasion pattern or clinical outcome. Conclusions: The infiltrative pattern of mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma is correlated with a significantly worse prognosis when compared with the erosive pattern of invasion. The infiltrative pattern clearly exhibits a more aggressive behavior with an increased likelihood of positive margins, recurrence, death with disease, and shorter disease-free survival. We recommend that pathologists routinely comment on the histological pattern of invasion when reviewing oral squamous cell carcinoma with mandibular invasion.
On the uneven evolution of human know-how

It long has been understood that the advance of technology, know-how more broadly, has been the wellspring of economic progress. It has been less well recognized that the advance of human know-how has been extremely uneven, very rapid and cumulatively great in some fields, like communications and computation, and quite limited in other fields, like house building and education. This paper begins to explore the reasons for this unevenness. At one level an important reason is that the sciences behind various technologies have advanced unevenly, but this only pushes the question back a stage; why the unevenness of scientific advance? The paper makes use of a comparison between medicine and education to make many of its points.
Green's dyadic approach of the self-stress on a dielectric-diamagnetic cylinder with non-uniform speed of light

We present a Green's dyadic formulation to calculate the Casimir energy for a dielectric–diamagnetic cylinder with the speed of light differing inside and outside. Although the result is in general divergent, special cases are meaningful. It is pointed out how the self-stress on a purely dielectric cylinder vanishes through second order in the deviation of the permittivity from its vacuum value, in agreement with the result calculated from the sum of van der Waals forces.
The wave equation on asymptotically de Sitter-like spaces

In this paper we obtain the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation on Lorentzian manifolds (X○,g) which are de Sitter-like at infinity. Such manifolds are Lorentzian analogues of the so-called Riemannian conformally compact (or asymptotically hyperbolic) spaces. Under global assumptions on the (null)bicharacteristic flow, namely that the boundary of the compactification X is a union of two disjoint manifolds, Y±, and each bicharacteristic converges to one of these two manifolds as the parameter along the bicharacteristic goes to +∞, and to the other manifold as the parameter goes to −∞, we also define the scattering operator, and show that it is a Fourier integral operator associated to the bicharacteristic flow from Y+ to Y−.
Analysis of dislocation mechanism for melting of elements

The melting of elemental solids is modeled as a dislocation-mediated transition on a lattice. Statistical mechanics of linear defects is used to obtain a new relation between melting temperature, crystal structure, atomic volume, and shear modulus that is accurate to 17% for at least half of the Periodic Table.
Cohomology and generic cohomology of Specht modules for the symmetric group

Cohomology of Specht modules for the symmetric group can be equated in low degrees with corresponding cohomology for the Borel subgroup B of the general linear group GLd(k), but this has never been exploited to prove new symmetric group results. Using work of Doty on the submodule structure of symmetric powers of the natural GLd(k)-module together with work of Andersen on cohomology for B and its Frobenius kernels, we prove new results about Hi(Σd,Sλ). We recover work of James in the case i=0. Then we prove two stability theorems, one of which is a “generic cohomology” result for Specht modules equating cohomology of Spλ with Sp2λ. This is the first theorem we know relating Specht modules Sλ and Spλ. The second result equates cohomology of Sλ with Sλ+paμ for large a.
Countably additive measures in cores of games

is well known (see [9]) and may be obtained directly from a general condition by Ky Fan [6] for the existence of solutions of general systems of linear inequalities in normed spaces (see Section 2). The present paper deals with the problem of the existence of a countably additive measure p satisfying (1) and (2). This problem arises naturally in game theory. We recall that an n-person game in characteristic function form with transferable utility is just a function D from the subsets of a finite set N to the reals, such that ~(4) = 0. The elements of this set are interpreted as “players”; the subsets are “coalitions”; and v(S) gives, for each coalition S, the maximum expected payoff it can achieve by its own efforts. A possible outcome of such a game is an additive function x defined on the subsets of N, such that x(N) = o(N), i.e., a division of the “spoils” P(N) among the players. If v(S) > x(S) for some S C N, then the coalition S may “block profitably” the outcome .1c. The core is the set of outcomes that cannot be blocked by any coalition of players, i.e., the set of x such that x(S) > w(S) for all S C N.
Diels-Alder reactions of bicyclic 1,2,4-triazines: the conversion of pyrimido[4,5-e]-1,2,4-triazines to pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (5-deazapteridines)

Abstract Inverse electron-demand cycloaddition of aldehyde enamines with 6-azapterins and 6-azalumazines (pyrimido[4,5- e ]-1,2,4-triazines) leads regiospecifically to 6-substituted 5-deazapterins and 5-deazalumazines (pyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidines) respectively. 5,6-Fused cyclopenteno and cyclohexeno derivatives are formed with enamines derived from cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone respectively.
Localization of Matrix Factorizations

Matrices with off-diagonal decay appear in a variety of fields in mathematics and in numerous applications, such as signal processing, statistics, communications engineering, condensed matter physics, and quantum chemistry. Numerical algorithms dealing with such matrices often take advantage (implicitly or explicitly) of the empirical observation that this off-diagonal-decay property seems to be preserved when computing various useful matrix factorizations, such as the Cholesky factorization or the QR factorization. There is a fairly extensive theory describing when the inverse of a matrix inherits the localization properties of the original matrix. Yet, except for the special case of band matrices, surprisingly very little theory exists that would establish similar results for matrix factorizations. We will derive a comprehensive framework to rigorously answer the question of when and under what conditions the matrix factors inherit the localization of the original matrix for such fundamental matrix factorizations as the LU, QR, Cholesky, and polar factorizations.
On optimal parallelization of sorting networks

Abstract This paper provides a unifying mathematical proof which replaces a mechanical certification of the optimal parallelization of sorting networks on a case basis. Parallelization of sequential program traces by means of semantic-preserving transformation is discussed in the literature in the context of a method for synthesis of systolic architecture. The issue of optimal parallelization is important in systolic design. The mathematical proof provides a better insight into the fundamental aspects of the transformation.
Approximate inference and scientific method

Abstract A new identification criterion, motivated by notions of successively improving approximations in the philosophy of science, is defined. It shown that the class of recursive functions is identifiable under this criterion. This result is extended to apply to somewhat more realistic types of data than usual. This criterion is then modified to consider restrictions on the quality of approximations, and the new criteria are compared to existing criteria.
5d Black holes, wrapped fivebranes and 3d Chern-Simons Super Yang-Mills

We study extremal and non-extremal generalizations of the regular non-abelian solution found by Chamseddine and Volkov in 5d N = 4 gauged supergravity, which has been shown by Maldacena and Nastase to describe a system of NS5-branes wrapping an S3 dual to three-dimensional U(N) = 1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills with Chern-Simons coupling k = N/2. All black hole solutions have a temperature larger than the Hagedorn temperature Tc of the little string theory and their entropy decreases as the temperature increases. This is a sign that the system is thermodynamically unstable above Tc. We have also found an analytical solution describing NS5-branes wrapped on a constant radius S3 and involving a linear dilaton. Its non-extremal generalization has a temperature equal to 2Tc.
LOCAL MONODROMY OF p-ADIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: AN OVERVIEW

This primarily expository article collects together some facts from the literature about the monodromy of differential equations on a p-adic (rigid analytic) annulus, though often with simpler proofs. These include Matsuda's classification of quasi-unipotent ∇-modules, the Christol–Mebkhout construction of the ramification filtration, and the Christol–Dwork Frobenius antecedent theorem. We also briefly discuss the p-adic local monodromy theorem without proof.
Distal-Selective Hydroformylation using Scaffolding Catalysis

In hydroformylation, phosphorus-based directing groups have been consistently successful at placing the aldehyde on the carbon proximal to the directing group. The design and synthesis of a novel catalytic directing group are reported that promotes aldehyde formation on the carbon distal relative to the directing functionality. This scaffolding ligand, which operates through a reversible covalent bond to the substrate, has been applied to the diastereoselective hydroformylation of homoallylic alcohols to afford δ-lactones selectively. Altering the distance between the alcohol and the olefin revealed that homoallylic alcohols gives the distal lactone with the highest levels of regioselectivity.
Gold(I)-catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropenation of internal alkynes.

Highly enantioselective cyclopropenation of internal alkynes with aryldiazoacetates was achieved using the binuclear gold catalyst (S)-xylylBINAP(AuCl)2, activated by silver hexafluoroantimonate.
Synthesis and characterization of a rhenium-dioxygen complex. The crystal and molecular structure of [ReCl2(PPh3)2(NNCO2Me)(O2)], a precursor in the synthesis of organosulfinato complexes of rhenium

Le compose du titre cristallise dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe d'espace Pa et sa structure est affinee jusqu'a R=0,067
Numerically efficient version of the T-matrix method

A version of the projection method for solving the scattering problem for acoustic and electromagnetic waves is proposed and shown to be more efficient numerically than the earlier ones.
113Cd Shielding Tensors of the Cadmium Complex of Texaphyrin, a Novel Expanded Porphyrin, and Its Pyridine and Benzimidazole Adducts

The cadmium complex of an expanded five-coordinate porphyrin known as texaphyrin and its complexes with pyridine and benzimidazole have been investigated by solution- and solid-state {sup 113}Cd NMR spectroscopy, and the results are reported. The principle shielding tensor elements were determined for each complex and are discussed in terms of reported crystal studies of Cd-texaphyrin and in comparison to cadmium complexes with other porphyrin and similar macrocycle ligands. 18 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
The diffuse supernova neutrino flux

I review the status and perspectives of the research on the diffuse flux of (core collapse) supernova neutrinos (DSNνF). Several upper bounds exist on this flux in different detection channels. The strongest is the limit from SuperKamiokande (SK) of 1.2 electron antineutrinos cm−2s−1 at 90% confidence level above 19.3 MeV of neutrino energy. The predictions of the DSNνF depend on the supernova rate and on the neutrino emission in a individual supernova. Above the SK threshold, they range between 0.05 electron antineutrinos cm−2s−1 up to touching the SK limit. The SK bound constrains part of the parameter space of the supernova rate – and indirectly of the star formation rate – only in models with relatively hard neutrino spectra. Experimentally, a feasible and very important goal for the future is the improvement of background discrimination and the resulting lowering of the detection threshold. Theory instead will benefit from reducing the uncertainties on the supernova neutrino emission (either with more precise numerical modeling or with data from a galactic supernova) and on the supernova rate. The latter will be provided precisely by next generation supernova surveys up to a normalization factor. Therefore, the detection of the DSNνF is likely to be precious chiefly to constrain such normalization and to study the physics of neutrino emission in supernovae.
Incremental estimation of image flow using a Kalman filter

Many applications of visual motion, such as navigation and tracking, require that image flow be estimated in an on-line, incremental fashion. Kalman filtering provides a robust and efficient mechanism for recording image-flow estimates along with their uncertainty and for integrating new measurements with the existing estimates. In this paper, the fundamental form of motion information in time-varying imagery-conservation information-is recovered along with its uncertainty from a pair of images using a correlation-based approach. As more images are acquired, this information is integrated temporally and spatially using a Kalman filter. The uncertainty in the estimates decreases with the progress of time. This framework is shown to behave very well at the discontinuities of the flow field. Algorithms based on this framework are used to recover image flow from a variety of image sequences.
Topological properties of Eschenburg spaces and 3-Sasakian manifolds

We examine topological properties of the seven-dimensional positively curved Eschenburg biquotients and find many examples which are homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic. A special subfamily of these manifolds also carries a 3-Sasakian metric. Among these we construct a pair of 3-Sasakian spaces which are diffeomorphic to each other, thus giving rise to the first example of a manifold which carries two non-isometric 3-Sasakian metrics.
Syntactic Error Correction in Programming Languages

A technique for syntactic error correction, called pattern mapping, is developed. A pattern is used to describe how to map or change one string into another. Using a preconstructed list of patterns, for each detected error, the first pattern with successful mapping is found and a correction is made based on this pattern.
Normal or anomalous dispersion and gain in a resonant coherent medium

We show that in a four-level atomic system with electromagnetically induced transparency, a coherent pump field can induce light amplification without or with population inversion. As the pump field intensity increases, the atomic system evolves from normal dispersion and amplification without population inversion into anomalous dispersion and amplification with population inversion. We report an experiment on light amplification in cold rubidium atoms and present experimental measurements that agree with theoretical calculations based on the four-level model system.
Imaging of heterogeneous materials by prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis

Abstract We have used a Tomographic Gamma Scanner (TGS) to produce tomographic Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron Activation Imaging of heterogeneous matrices [T.H. Prettyman, R.J. Estep, G.A. Sheppard, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 69 (1993) 183–184]. The TGS was modified by the addition of graphite reflectors that contain isotopic neutron sources for sample interrogation. We are in the process of developing the analysis methodology necessary for a quantitative assay of large containers of heterogeneous material. This nondestructive analysis technique can be used for material characterization and the determination of neutron assay correction factors. The most difficult question to be answered is the determination of the source to sample coupling term. To assist in the determination of the coupling term we have obtained images for a range of samples that are very well characterized; such as, homogenous pseudo one-dimensional samples to three-dimensional heterogeneous samples. We then compare the measurements to Monte Carlo N-particle calculations. For an accurate quantitative measurement it is also necessary to determine the sample gamma-ray self attenuation at higher gamma-ray energies, namely pair production should be incorporated into the analysis codes.
Lagrangian Velocity Correlations and Absolute Dispersion in the Midlatitude Troposphere

Employing daily wind data from the ECMWF, passive particle advection is performed to estimate the Lagrangian velocity correlation functions (LVCF) associated with the midlatitude tropospheric flow. In particular, the velocity field is decomposed into time mean and transient (or eddy) components to better understand the nature of the LVCFs. A closely related quantity, the absolute dispersion (AD), is also examined. Given the anisotropy of the flow, meridional and zonal characteristics are considered separately. The zonal LVCF is seen to be nonexponential. In fact, for intermediate time scales it can either be interpreted as a power law of the form with 0 1 or as the sum of exponentials with differing time scales—both interpretations being equivalent. More importantly the long time correlations in the zonal flow result in a superdiffusive zonal AD regime. On the other hand, the meridional LVCF decays rapidly to zero. Before approaching zero the meridional LVCF shows a region of negative correlation—a consequence of the presence of planetary-scale Rossby waves. As a result the meridional AD, apart from showing the classical asymptotic ballistic and diffusive regimes, displays transient subdiffusive behavior.
The physician-patient relationship and a National Health Information network.

The growing use of interoperable electronic health records is likely to have significant effects on the physician-patient relationship. This relationship involves two-way trust: of the physician in patients, and of the patients in their providers. Interoperable records opens up this relationship to further view, with consequences that may both enhance and undermine trust. On the one hand, physicians may learn (from additional records) that information from their patients is — or is not — to be trusted. On the other hand, patients may learn from the increased oversight made possible by electronic records that their trust in their physicians is — or is not — warranted. Release of information through new methods of surveillance may also undermine patient trust. The article concludes that because trust is fragile, attention to transparency and confidentiality in the use of interoperable electronic records is essential.
Intrusion detection considerations for switched networks

Many private and public networks are based on network switching technologies. However, switched networks present a number of challenges to intrusion detection equipment. These challenges include limited visibility of network flows at the edges of the network, high-speed packet processing, and highly-aggregated flows in the core. In addition, switched networks typically implement protocols specific for Layer 2 functions, such as connection establishment and connection routing, which can be attacked to deny service to higher layer protocols and applications. Since these attacks cannot be detected by Internet Protocol intrusion detection equipment. Layer 2 intrusion detection is required. This paper describes an approach for performing intrusion monitoring in switched, Layer 2 networks, specifically, Asynchronous Transfer Mode networks.
A classical two-body Hamiltonian model and its mean field approximation

Abstract We extend a recent billiard model of a self-bound N-body Hamiltonian to consider a finite two-body interaction. This permits a treatment of the Hamiltonian by a mean field theory. The density and the mean field potential can be accurately described by a scaling function which shows the qualitative features of the liquid drop picture of the nucleus.
Chronic famine and the immorality of food aid: A bow to Garrett Hardin

The author discusses Garrett Hardins analysis of the ethics of providing food aid as a means of coping with famine. The geographical scope is worldwide. (ANNOTATION)
Convex geometric (k+2)-quasiplanar representations of semi-bar k-visibility graphs

Abstract Semi-bar k -visibility graphs are graphs for which vertices can be drawn as horizontal segments with left endpoints on the y -axis (semi-bars) and edges can be drawn as vertical segments (sightlines) so that two semi-bars are visible to each other if and only if there is a sightline which intersects them and at most k other semi-bars. Cyclic semi-bar k -visibility graphs are graphs for which vertices can be drawn as segments with one endpoint at the origin (semi-bars) and edges can be drawn as arcs of circles centered at the origin (sightlines) so that two semi-bars are visible to each other if and only if there is a sightline which intersects them and at most k other semi-bars. We show that every semi-bar or cyclic semi-bar k -visibility graph can be represented in the plane with vertices drawn as points in convex position and edges drawn as segments so that there are no k + 2 pairwise crossing edges. Furthermore, we prove that the class of graphs having cyclic semi-bar k -visibility representations with semi-bars of different lengths is the same as the class of ( 2 k + 2 ) -degenerate graphs that can be represented in the plane with vertices drawn as points in convex position and edges drawn as segments so that there are no k + 2 pairwise crossing edges and so that adding any edge would result in k + 2 pairwise crossing edges.
Flavor brane on the baryonic branch of moduli space

We study an extra flavor in the cascading SU((k + 1)M) × SU(kM) gauge theory by adding probe D7-brane to the geometry. By finding a solution to the kappasymmetry equation we establish that the D7-brane is mutually supersymmetric with the background everywhere on the baryonic branch of moduli space. We also discuss possible applications of this result.
Shape, Illumination, and Reflectance from Shading

A fundamental problem in computer vision is that of inferring the intrinsic, 3D structure of the world from flat, 2D images of that world. Traditional methods for recovering scene properties such as shape, reflectance, or illumination rely on multiple observations of the same scene to overconstrain the problem. Recovering these same properties from a single image seems almost impossible in comparison—there are an infinite number of shapes, paint, and lights that exactly reproduce a single image. However, certain explanations are more likely than others: surfaces tend to be smooth, paint tends to be uniform, and illumination tends to be natural. We therefore pose this problem as one of statistical inference, and define an optimization problem that searches for the most likely explanation of a single image. Our technique can be viewed as a superset of several classic computer vision problems (shape-from-shading, intrinsic images, color constancy, illumination estimation, etc) and outperforms all previous solutions to those constituent problems.
Normal Arc Characteristic Curves: Dependence on Absolute Temperature of Anode

The equation $V=A+(\frac{B}{{I}^{n}})$ for normal arc characteristic curves has been verified and the temperature range over which $n$ has been found to be proportional to the absolute temperature of the boiling point of the anode material has been extended to include the zinc arc in argon at 1180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with 0.345 for $n$ and the tungsten arc in air at approximately 5100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with $n=1.38$.
Relative size perception at a distance is best at eye level

Relative size judgments were collected for two objects at 30.5 m and 23.8 from the observer in order to assess how performance depends on the relationship between the size of the objects and the eye level of the observer. In three experiments in an indoor hallway and in one experiment outdoors, accuracy was higher for objects in the neighborhood of eye level. We consider these results in the light of two hypotheses. One proposes that observers localize the horizon as a reference for judging relative size, and the other proposes that observers perceive the general neighborhood of the horizon and then employ a height-in-visual-field heuristic. The finding that relative size judgments are best around the horizon implies that information that is independent of distance perception is used in perceiving size.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Planetary Nebula K648 in the Globular Cluster M15

We have obtained observations of the planetary nebula K648 in the Galactic globular cluster M15 with the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2, covering an interval of 7 days. The frames provide both time-sampled broadband photometry of the central star and high-resolution images of the nebula in the light of Hα, [O III], and [N II]. In the deep narrowband images, K648 is a fairly typical double-shelled elliptical nebula, but with a bright arc at one end of the major axis that is especially prominent in [N II]; this feature is probably a collection of FLIERs (fast low-ionization emission regions). The nebula is surrounded by a faint, smooth elliptical halo, which appears undisturbed by any interaction with the interstellar medium. Adopting Teff = 40,000 ± 3000 K based upon published spectral line analyses, and employing our new broadband optical flux data along with the known cluster distance, we find log (L/L⊙) = 3.78 ± 0.08 for the K648 central star. Theoretical post–asymptotic giant branch evolutionary tracks imply a mass of 0.60 ± 0.02 M⊙ for this luminosity, which is significantly higher than the mean mass of white dwarfs in globular clusters and the halo field (0.50 ± 0.02 M⊙). The K648 central star exhibits no significant photometric variability in our data, and thus we find no direct evidence of a close binary companion. We suggest that the progenitor of K648 experienced mass augmentation in a close-binary merger, allowing it to evolve to a remnant of higher mass than those of the single stars in the cluster.
Prototyping and small scale software projects

To reduce the development time of small scale interactive software systems for research and clinical use in cardiology at UAB a display-oriented language was developed. Experience with this system has been very successful in early stabilization of the specification of the user dialogue.
On the Mechanics of Residual Stresses in Girth Welds

In this paper, some of the important controlling parameters governing weld residual stress distributions are presented for girth welds in pipe and vessel components, based on a large number of residual stress solutions available to date. The focus is placed upon the understanding of some of the overall characteristics in through-wall residual stress distributions and their generalization for vessel and pipe girth welds. In doing so, a unified framework for prescribing residual stress distributions is outlined for fitness-for-service assessment of vessel and pipe girth welds. The effects of various joint geometry and welding procedure parameters on through thickness residual stress distributions are also demonstrated in the order of their relative importance.
When corporate social responsibility matters: an empirical investigation of contingencies

Rather than re-examine the question of whether doing good generally helps a company to do well, this study draws on contingency theory to empirically examine when doing good helps a company do as well as possible. Using panel data, we examine the effects of industry life cycle, munificence, and instability on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP). Our findings indicate that life cycle has a significant impact on the CSR-CFP relationship, as does industry instability. These findings suggest that CSR helps the bottom line considerably – if it is applied at the right time.
Group graphs and computational symmetry on massively parallel architecture

Efficient space and time exploitation of symmetry in domains on highly parallel, distributed-memory architecture is, in certain cases, equivalent to routing along a labeled group action graph, with computation associated with each group element label, where the group of symmetries acts on the processors. The algebraic structure of the group can sometimes be analyzed to determine, a priori, space and time efficient routing schedules on the hardware network (which, in practice, is often another group action graph). The algorithms we develop were implemented on a 64K-processor CM-2 and used to solve certain natural classes of chess endgames, part of whose search space is invariant under a noncommutative crystallographic group. This program runs 400 times faster than any previous implementation, and discovered many interesting new results in the area; some of these results are not solvable in practice with current serial techniques because the time and space requirements are too large. It seems interesting that it was possible, albeit with difficulty, to implement efficiently certain irregular chess rules on the CM-2, which is optimized for regular data sets.
Topological interference management with alternating connectivity

The topological interference management problem refers to the study of the capacity of partially connected linear (wired and wireless) communication networks with no channel state information at the transmitters (no CSIT) beyond the network topology, i.e., a knowledge of which channel coefficients are zero (weaker than the noise floor in the wireless case). While the problem is originally studied with fixed topology, in this work we explore the implications of varying connectivity, through a series of simple and conceptually representative examples. Specifically, we highlight the synergistic benefits of coding across alternating topologies.
Generation and carbonyl addition reactions of Z-dilithiohex-3-ene-1,5-diyne

Abstract The reaction of the title dilithio salt with carbonyl compounds leads to products bearing substructures found in recently discovered enediyne antibiotics. The bis condensation product with benzaldehyde undergoes a novel cycloaromatization reaction.
Black hole X-ray binaries LMC X–1 and X–3: observations confront spectral models

We present a comprehensive spectral analysis of black hole X-ray binaries, LMC X–1 and LMC X–3, based on BeppoSAX observations. We test both the multi-color disk plus power law (MCD+PL) model and a newly-developed Monte-Carlo simulationbased model for a Comptonized MCD (CMCD) with either a spherical or a slab-like corona, by comparing the inferred parameters with independent direct measurements. While all models give an adequate description of the spectra, we find a significant discrepancy between the MCD+PL inferred X-ray-absorbing gas column density and the absorption-edge measurement based on dispersed X-ray spectra. The MCD+PL fits to the LMC X–1 spectra also require a change in the inner disk radius during the BeppoSAX observation, which may be due to the nonphysical effects inherited in the model. In contrast, the CMCD model with the spheric corona gives the predictions of both the disk inclination angle and the absorption that are consistent with the direct measurements, and only slightly under-predicts the black hole mass of LMC X–3. The model explains the spectral state evolution of LMC X–1 within the BeppoSAX observation as a change in the accretion rate, which leads to an increase in both the inner disk temperature and the Comptonization opacity. On the other hand, the CMCD model with the slab-like corona is more problematic in the test and is thus not recommended.
Rorschachbound : a 50-year memoir

Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Journal of Personality Assessment evokes memories of years past when I participated in its birth. Therefore, in recording what I consider significant events in Rorschach's stormy history, I am placing them within an autobiographical framework. Originally introduced into America by David Levy in the early 1920s, the Rorschach attracted students from many disciplines who revolted against the "trait" psychology that pervaded the psychological scene at the time. For 30 years, we accepted Rorschach enthusiastically as a global method that could study the human personality as a whole and in depth. In the late 1960s, we were challenged because of repeated failures in validating research. Interest declined in its development and application. Since 1970, however, it has emerged with more strength and vigor on firmer theoretical foundations and sounder methodology. Although the method is one of the most frequently required, requested, needed, recommended, and used in many cli...
Anti-5α-Reductase Autoantibodies in the Serum of Patients with Prostatic Cancer

Human sera were tested for their ability to inhibit 5α-reductase binding of a potent inhibitor of the enzyme. Thirty one of 227 serum samples from patients diagnosed or suspected of prostatic cancer had a significant inhibitory activity, whereas 128 serum samples from other patients were inactive. The majority of the inhibitory activity was in the IgG fraction purified by chromatography on a protein A-Sepharose affinity column and an anti-human IgG-agarose column. IgG fractions from non-inhibitory sera were inactive. Inhibitory IgG also inhibited the enzymatic activity of microsomal 5α-reductase from liver, ventral prostate and preputial gland of rat, and liver, prostate, and facial skin of human. The inhibitory IgG had no effect on NADH-menadione reductase or 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. These results suggest that 5α-reductase autoantibodies are present in the blood of some prostatic cancer patients.
Orbital upper critical field and its anisotropy of clean one- and two-band superconductors.

The Helfand-Werthamer (HW) scheme (Helfand and Werthamer 1966 Phys. Rev. 147 288; another part of this work published as a separate paper by Werthamer et al 1966 Phys. Rev. 147 295) of evaluating the orbital upper critical field is generalized to anisotropic superconductors in general, and to two-band clean materials, in particular. Our formal procedure differs from those in the literature; it reproduces not only the isotropic HW limit but also the results of calculations for the two-band superconducting MgB(2) (Miranovic et al 2003 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 72 221, Dahm and Schopohl 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 017001) along with the existing data on H(c2)(T) and its anisotropy γ(T) = H(c2,ab)(T)/H(c2,c)(T) (a, c are the principal directions of a uniaxial crystal). Using rotational ellipsoids as model Fermi surfaces we apply the formalism developed to study γ(T) for a few different anisotropies of the Fermi surface and of the order parameters. We find that even for a single band d-wave order parameter γ(T) decreases on warming; however, relatively weakly. For order parameters of the form Δ(k(z)) = Δ(0)(1 + η cos k(z)a) (Xu et al 2011 Nature Phys. 7 198), according to our simulations γ(T) may either increase or decrease on warming even for a single band depending on the sign of η. Hence, the common belief that the multi-band Fermi surface is responsible for the temperature variation of γ is proven incorrect. For two s-wave gaps, γ decreases on warming for all Fermi shapes examined. For two order parameters of the form Δ(k(z)) = Δ(0)(1 + η cos k(z)a), presumably relevant for pnictides, we obtain γ(T) increasing on warming provided both η(1) and η(2) are negative, whereas for η > 0, γ(T) decreases. We study the ratio of the two order parameters at H(c2)(T) and find that the ratio of the small gap to the large one does not vanish at any temperature, even at H(c2)(T), an indication that this does not happen at lower fields.
Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging: applications and limitations.

The inversion of a diffraction pattern offers aberration-free diffraction-limited 3D images without the resolution and depth-of-field limitations of lens-based tomographic systems, the only limitation being radiation damage. We review our recent experimental results, in which X-ray images were reconstructed from the diffraction pattern alone. A preliminary analysis of the radiation dose needed for CXDI imaging and the dose tolerance of frozen-hydrated life-science samples suggests that 3D tomography at a resolution of about 10 nm may be possible. In material science, where samples are less sensitive to radiation damage, we expect CXDI to be able to achieve 1 to 2 nm resolution using modern x-ray synchrotron sources. For higher resolution imaging of biological material, strategies based on fast-pulse illumination from proposed x-ray free-electron laser sources, can be considered as described in Neutze et al. Nature 406, 752–757 (2000).
Expressiveness of the data flow and data state models in visualization systems

Visualization can be viewed as a process that transforms raw data (value) into views. There has been two major category of data process models that have been proposed to model the visualization transformation process. This paper seeks to compare the Data Flow Models and the Data State Models. Specifically, it proves that, in terms of expressiveness, anything that can represented using the Data Flow Model can also be represented using the Data State Model, and vice versa.
RACE AND THE VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING, 1940 - 1990

Abstract We use data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) to document racial convergence in the value of owner-occupied housing from 1940 to 1990. Most of this convergence occurred before 1970, as black and white-owned units became more similar in terms of housing characteristics and as black and white homeowners became more similar in terms of their household characteristics. During the 1970s, convergence in values stalled despite continued convergence in housing and household characteristics; thus, the ‘unexplained’ or residual portion of the racial value gap increased. Because changes within metropolitan areas are central to the post-1970 story, we go on to explore the changing empirical connection between urban residential segregation and the racial value gap.
Quantum revivals and carpets in some exactly solvable systems

We consider the revival properties of quantum systems with an eigenspectrum En n2, and compare them with the simplest member of this class - the infinite square well. In addition to having perfect revivals at integer multiples of the revival time tR, these systems all enjoy perfect fractional revivals at quarterly intervals of tR. A closer examination of the quantum evolution is performed for the Poschel-Teller and Rosen-Morse potentials, and comparison is made with the infinite square well using quantum carpets.
On Popa's Cocycle Superrigidity Theorem

Theorem 1.1 (Popa’s Cocycle Superrigity, Special Case). Let Γ be a discrete group with Kazhdan’s property (T), let Γ0 < Γ be an infinite index subgroup, (X0,μ0) an arbitrary probability space, and let Γ (X,μ) = (X0,μ0)0 be the corresponding generalized Bernoulli action. Then for any discrete countable group Λ and any measurable cocycle α : Γ × X → Λ there exist a homomorphism : Γ → Λ and a measurable map φ : X → Λ so that:
Progress toward the Total Synthesis of Ingenol: Construction of the Complete Carbocyclic Skeleton

The complete carbocyclic skeleton of ingenol is assembled via a route that employs ring-closing metathesis (RCM) to close the strained “inside-outside” BC ring system (i.e., 24 → 25).
STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE PRECESSING JET SYSTEM SS 433. II. INTRINSIC BRIGHTNESS OF THE JETS

Deep Very Large Array imaging of the binary X-ray source SS 433, also classified as a microquasar, has been used to study the intrinsic brightness distribution and evolution of its radio jets. The intrinsic brightness of the jets as a function of age at emission of the jet material {tau} is recovered by removal of the Doppler boosting and projection effects. We find that, intrinsically, the two jets are remarkably similar when compared for equal {tau}, and that they are best described by Doppler boosting of the form D {sup 2+{alpha}}, as expected for continuous jets. The intrinsic brightnesses of the jets as functions of age behave in complex ways. In the age range 60 days < {tau} < 150 days, the jet decays are best represented by exponential functions of {tau}, but linear or power-law functions are not statistically excluded. This is followed by a region out to {tau} {approx_equal} 250 days during which the intrinsic brightness is essentially constant. At later times, the jet decay can be fit roughly as exponential or power-law functions of {tau}.
Cyano Sugars: Synthesis by Opening of an Epoxide Ring in Pentofuranosides with Diethylaluminum Cyanide

Abstract Reaction of diethylaluminum cyanide (DEAC) with methyl 2,3-anhydroribo-furanosides was examined as a potentially useful method for the introduction of the cyano group at C-2 and C-3 of furanosyl sugars. Thus, treatment of methyl 2,3-anhydro-5-O-benzyl-β-D-ribofuranoside with DEAC provided methyl 5-O-benzyl-3-cyano-3-deoxy-β-D-xylyofuranoside (2), while similar treatment of methyl 2,3-anhydro-5-O-benzyl-α-D-ribofuranoside gave a mixture of methyl 5-O-benzyl-3-cyano-3-deoxy-α-D-xylofuranoside (5) and methyl 5-O-benzyl-2-cyano-2-deoxy-α-D-arabinofuranoside (6). Epimerization of 2 at C-3 was readily effected in the presence of base to give methyl 5-O-benzyl-3-cyano-3-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranoside (9). In contrast, 5 and 6 were resistant to base-promoted epimerization. Sequential acetylation and acetolysis converted the cyano sugars 2 and 9 into the corresponding tri-O-acetyl derivatives 13, 14 and 15.
Syntheses and structures of the quaternary alkali-metal bismuth coinage-metal chalcogenides K3Bi5Cu2S10, CsBi2CuS4, RbBi2.66CuSe5, and CsBiAg2S3

Abstract The four compounds K 3 Bi 5 Cu 2 S 10 , CsBi 2 CuS 4 , RbBi 2.66 CuSe 5 , and CsBiAg 2 S 3 were synthesized at 873 K by reactions of the elements in the reactive fluxes of A 2 Q 3 (A=K, Rb, Cs; Q=S, Se). All crystallographic data were collected at 153 K. K 3 Bi 5 Cu 2 S 10 crystallizes in the Rb 3 Bi 5 Cu 2 S 10 structure type in space group Pnnm of the orthorhombic system with two formula units in a cell of dimensions a =14.173(2) A, b =17.690(2) A, c =4.0362(5) A; CsBi 2 CuS 4 crystallizes as a racemic twin in space group Cmc2 1 of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in a cell of dimensions a =4.0730(6) A, b =14.212(2) A, c =14.568(2) A; RbBi 2.66 CuSe 5 crystallizes in a new structure type in space group Cmcm of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in a cell of dimensions a =4.1961(9) A, b =14.420(3) A, c =18.266(4) A; CsBiAg 2 S 3 crystallizes in a new structure type in space group P2 1 /c of the monoclinic system with four formula units in a cell of dimensions a =13.3523(14) A, b =8.1052(8) A, c =6.9162(7) A, β =99.766(2)°. K 3 Bi 5 Cu 2 S 10 , CsBi 2 CuS 4 , and RbBi 2.66 CuSe 5 are related; they are all tunnel structures with the A atoms located in tunnels formed by BiQ 6 octahedra and CuQ 4 tetrahedra. CsBiAg 2 S 3 is composed of two-dimensional ∞ 2 [BiAg 2 S 3 1− ] layers separated by the Cs atoms. The ∞ 2 [BiAg 2 S 3 1− ] layer is built from BiS 6 octahedra, linear AgS 2 groups, and AgS 4 tetrahedra.
A Comparison of Team-Based Learning Formats: Can We Minimize Stress While Maximizing Results?

Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a collaborative teaching method in which students utilize course content to solvechallenging problems. A modified version of TBL is used at the University of Louisville School of Medicine.Students complete questions on the Individual Readiness Assurance Test (iRAT) then gather in pre-assigned groupsto retake the quiz, given time to utilize their learning resources and discuss each of the questions (Team ReadinessAssurance Test-tRAT). Following this discussion, students take an Individual Summative Assessment Test (iSAT)with new questions at a similar cognitive level and content focus. While educational gains of TBL have been shown,student evaluations negatively assessed the teaching method with complaints regarding question difficulty and stresslevels. Thus, during implementation of TBL in the School of Dentistry, three main changes were made: (1) Thecontribution of TBL to the overall grade was reduced (2) TBL questions were cognitively aligned with unit examquestions, and (3) Scratch-off, lottery response cards were used to create a fun, game-like environment. This revisedTBL format, compared to the original format, resulted in similar student performance during iRAT and tRATsessions. However, the revised, low-stress format had significantly higher scores on the iSAT (n=119-161, p <.05).Furthermore, students participating in the revised TBL format reported higher effectiveness of the learning format,higher levels of perceived fairness, and lower stress levels. These results suggest that the qualitative experience ofstudents may be an important consideration that should be carefully evaluated during implementation of a newteaching technique.