cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deposition of Porous Anode Electrode of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

A modified spray pyrolysis approach has been utilized to fabricate anode electrode of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). It was designed to control the anode microstructure to achieve large triple phase boundaries (TPBs) and high gas diffusion capability, which are critical in enhancing the performance of a SOFC. Deposition of porous anode film of Nickel and Ce0.9 Gd0.1 O1.95 on dense 8 mol.% yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate was carried out using the modified spray pyrolysis. Effects of precursor solution feed rates, precursor solution concentrations and deposition temperatures on the TPB formation and porosity were investigated. The composition of the deposited anode film was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations revealed that the deposition temperature and precursor solution concentration were the most critical parameters that influenced the morphology, porosity and the particle size of the anode film.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Analysis of axial spatial resolution in a variable resolution x-ray cone beam CT (VRX-CBCT) system

The Variable Resolution X-ray (VRX) technique has been successfully used in a Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) system to increase the spatial resolution of CT images in the transverse plane. This was achieved by tilting the Flat Panel Detector (FPD) to smaller vrxy angles in a VRX Cone Beam CT (VRX-CBCT) system. In this paper, the effect on the axial spatial resolution of CT images created by the VRX-CBCT system is examined at different vrxx angles, where vrxx is the tilting angle of the FPD about its x-axis. An amorphous silicon FPD with a CsI scintillator is coupled with a micro-focus x-ray tube to form a CBCT. The FPD is installed on a rotating frame that allows rotation of up to 90° about x and y axes of the FPD. There is no rotation about the z-axis (i.e. normal to the imaging surface). Tilting the FPD about its x-axis (i.e. decreasing the vrxx angle) reduces both the width of the line-spread function and the sampling distance by a factor of sin vrxx, thereby increasing the theoretical detector pre-sampling spatial resolution proportionately. This results in thinner CT slices that in turn help increase the axial spatial resolution of the CT images. An in-house phantom is used to measure the MTF of the reconstructed CT images at different vrxx angles.
Communication in the KSR1 MPP: performance evaluation using synthetic workload experiments

We have developed an automatic technique for evaluating the communication performance of massively parallel processors (MPPs). Both communication latency and the amount of communication are investigated as a function of a few basic parameters that characterize an application workload. Parameter values are captured in an automatically generated sparse matrix that multiplies a dense vector in the synthetic workload. Our approach is capable of explaining the degradation of processor performance caused by communication.Using the Kendall Square Research KSR1 MPP as a case study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique through a series of experiments used to characterize the communication performance. We show that read and write communciation latencies vary from 150 to 180 and from 80 to 100 processor cycles, respectively. We show that the read communication latency approximates a linear function of the total system communciation (in subpages), write communication approximates a linear function of the number of distinct shared subpages, and that KSR's automatic update feature is effective in reducing the number of read communications given careful binding of threads to processors.
Composition of axolemma-enriched fractions isolated from bovine CNS myelinated axons

Axolemma-enriched fractions were isolated from the white matter of bovine corpus callosum via a purified preparation of myelinated axons which were osmotically shocked and fractionated on a discontinuous density gradient. Two membrane fractions of differing density were obtained; both were somewhat enriched over white matter whole homogenate in specific activity of acetylcholinesterase and 5′-nucleotidase and maximal binding capacity for saxitoxin. Both membrane fractions contained appreciable amounts of 2′, 3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phospho-hydrolase; the specific activity of antimycin-sensitive NAPH-cytochromec reductase and cytochromec oxidase indicated low levels of contamination by microsomal and mitochondrial membrane. The myelin which is concomitantly isolated with the axolemma-enriched fractions has a lipid and protein composition comparable to that of myelin isolated by other procedures. Both axolemma-enriched fractions contain about one half of their dry weight as lipid comprised of approximately 25% cholesterol, 25% galactolipid (cerebrosides and sulfatides in a molar ratio of about 4:1) and 50% phospholipid, mostly choline phosphatides and ethanolamine phospholes in an equimolar ratio. The axolemma fractions are also enriched in ganglioside content relative to the myelin fraction. The polypeptides of the axolemma-enriched fractions range from 20,000 to over 200,000 in molecular weight; the predominant proteins are in the range from 50,000 to 69,000. The most dense axolemma-enriched fraction is over fourfold enriched in glyco-protein content compared with myelin, with at least 10 different molecular-weight classes of glycoproteins as identified by Schiff stain of polyacrylamide gel protein profiles. The differences and similarities in the molecular composition of axolemma-enriched preparations which have been characterized to date are discussed.
Animal Studies in the Development of Medical Countermeasures

The mission of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to protect public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of drugs. In drug development, animal studies play a key role in assessing the safety (toxicology), pharmacokinetics (PK), and proof-of-concept efficacy of a new product. When clinical studies are neither ethical nor feasible to conduct, the Animal Rule (67 FR 37988, 2002) introduces the potential for drug (e.g., countermeasure) approval based on efficacy studies in animals, and appropriate human safety and pharmacokinetic information. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research is responsible for the review of drug and therapeutic biologic applications. The use of the word "drugs" in this paper will henceforth refer to both drugs and therapeutic biologics (e.g., monoclonal antibodies and small protein molecules). Information about vaccines and other biologics, such as antisera and blood products, should be obtained from the Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research.
The alcoholic Satyr

Satyriasis is uncontrolled sexual hyperactivity in men who have little or no capacity for deep emotional involvement.1 The term derives from the Satyr, the half-man, half-goat Sylvan diety of Green mythology who reveled in the sexual orgies that highlighted in Dionysian grape festivals.1 Because of the marked infrequency of this sexual dysfunction among the general population,1 the authors were struck by the fact that they encountered three satyrs in a population of 1,200 alcoholics admitted consecutively to two alcoholic treatment centers4,5 over a two-year span. The senior author discovered the fourth case at an outpatient mental health clinic geared for the evaluation and treatment of the full spectrum of psychiatric disorders. This paper represents an attempt to provide the reader with some biological as well as some psychodynamic insights into the nature of this rare psychiatric entity, through an examination of the four case reports.
Effects of adrenalectomy on the aggressiveness of neonatally androgenized female mice.

Abstract Bilateral adrenalectomy reduced the aggressiveness of neonatally androgenized female mice, even if they had been given high dosages of androgen in adulthood. This finding emphasizes the importance of the adrenocortical hormones in the maintenance of adult aggressive behavior.
Cathepsins in heart disease-chewing on the heartache?

cardiac remodeling refers to the changes in cardiac structure and function that develop in response to a variety of stimuli, including inflammatory and neurohormonal mediators and increases in wall stress. While some forms of remodeling are physiologically compensatory, such as the changes in cardiac structure that occur over time with strenuous exercise, others are maladaptive and their persistence causes a progressive worsening of cardiac function that leads to heart failure. A strong association between cardiac remodeling and mortality has been noted in heart failure patients (16). Pressure overload is an important cause of remodeling in human patients as it can occur from conditions such as hypertension or chamber outflow obstruction that are common in the population. Changes that occur in the heart in response to increases in pressure include cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix proteins (i.e., fibrosis). Although some of these changes help compensate for increases in wall stress, over time they prove to be maladaptive as they result in abnormalities in both systolic and diastolic function (4). Although many of the pathways involved in the development of pressure overload remodeling have been identified, a full description of all of the “players” that contribute to the process is not yet available. Identification of novel pathways may help define novel strategies to prevent or reverse remodeling.
A Neutron Detector Having Uniform Sensitivity from 10 Kev to 3 Mev

A neutron detector having approximately uniform sensitivity from 10-kev neutron energy to 3-Mev energy is described. The arrangement, known as a long counter, consists of a paraffin cylinder about 10\ensuremath{''} outer diameter \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}12\ensuremath{''} long surrounding a long boron trifluoride proportional counter. Sensitivity curves are given for two of the best arrangements. The response is flat over the above range to about 10 percent.
A Numerical Method for 1-D Parabolic Equation with Nonlocal Boundary Conditions

This paper is concerned with a local method for the solution of one-dimensional parabolic equation with nonlocal boundary conditions. The method uses a coordinate transformation. After the coordinate transformation, it is then possible to obtain exact solutions for the resulting equations in terms of the local variables. These exact solutions are in terms of constants of integration that are unknown. By imposing the given boundary conditions and smoothness requirements for the solution, it is possible to furnish a set of linearly independent conditions that can be used to solve for the constants of integration. A number of examples are used to study the applicability of the method. In particular, three nonlinear problems are used to show the novelty of the method.
On the nature of the material surrounding Vega

Observations of Vega at 193 microns indicate that the far-infrared emission from the circumstellar material discovered by IRAS (Aumann et al. 1984) may decline more rapidly than a Planck spectrum at wavelengths greater than 100 microns. This suggests that the emitting particles may be smaller than the millimeter-sized objects proposed by Aumann et al. (1984). Small grains would be driven from the stellar system by radiation pressure, or their orbits would decay as a result of Poynting -Robertson drag. In order to maintain a state of dynamic equilibrium, a continuous supply of new particles would be required. It is hypothesized that the small grains are ejected by sublimation of volatile material from larger comet-like bodies in a partially coalesced preplanetary disk. A reservoir containing less than a few hundred earth masses could sustain the source over the lifetime of the star.
The Heat Equation for the -Neumann Problem, I

On considere le laplacien ∂ avec des conditions de Neumann ∂ sur une variete hermitienne complexe compacte a bord. On etudie la trace du semigroupe de la chaleur
Testimony and the Infant/Child Objection

One of the central problems afflicting reductionism in the epistemology of testimony is the apparent fact that infants and small children are not cognitively capable of having the inductively based positive reasons required by this view. Since non-reductionism does not impose a requirement of this sort, it is thought to avoid this problem and is therefore taken to have a significant advantage over reductionism. In this paper, however, I argue that if this objection undermines reductionism, then a variant of it similarly undermines non-reductionism. Thus, considerations about the cognitive capacities of infants and small children do not effectively discriminate between these two competing theories of testimonial justification.
Direct oligonucleotide synthesis onto super-paramagnetic beads

Super-paramagnetic beads (SPMB)s used for a variety of molecular diagnostic assays are prepared by attaching pre-synthesized oligonucleotides to the surface via a cumbersome and low efficient method of carbodiimide-mediated amide bond formation. To mainstream the process, we describe a novel procedure of direct oligonucleotide synthesis onto the surface of SPMBs (e.g. MyOne Dynabeads). With the many challenges surrounding containment of paramagnetic beads (≤1 μm) during automated oligonucleotide synthesis, we show that by applying a magnetic force directly to the SPMBs we prevent their loss caused by high-pressure drain steps during synthesis. To date we have synthesized 40 mers using a Spacer 9 phosphoramidite (triethylene glycol) coupled to the surface of hydroxylated SPMBs. HPLC analysis shows successful product generation with an average yield of 200 pmol per sample. Furthermore, because of the versatility of this powerful research tool, we envision its use in any laboratory working with conventional synthesis automation, as employed for single columns and for multi-well titer plates. In addition to direct synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides (DNA) onto SPMBs, this platform also has the potential for RNA and peptide nucleic acid synthesis.
Notation systems for coding nonverbal behavior: A review

Previous work in nonverbal measurement is reviewed. Established descriptive coding systems are described according to the level of data specificity each system offers. The advantages and limitations of each system as a behavioral observation tool are discussed. The use of combinations of systems is proposed in order to eliminate some of the limitations of singular systems. Specific combinations are proposed and illustrated.
Quantitative determination of solid-state forms of a pharmaceutical development compound in drug substance and tablets

Common analytical techniques including Raman, NIR, and XRD were evaluated for quantitative determination of three solid-state forms (amorphous, Form B and Form C) of a development compound. Raman spectroscopy was selected as the primary analytical technique with sufficient sensitivity to monitor and quantify the neat drug substance alone and in the drug product. A reliable multivariate curve resolution (MCR) method based on the second derivative Raman measurements of the three pure physical forms was developed and validated with 3.5% root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for Form B, which was selected as the preferred form for further development. A partial least squares (PLS) algorithm was also used for the multivariate calibration of both the NIR and Raman measurements. The long-term stability of Form B as a neat active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and in a tablet formulation was quantitatively monitored under various stress conditions of temperature and moisture. Moisture, temperature, excipients and compression were found to have significant effects on the phase transition behavior of Form B.
Infrared spectra of 1,3-butadiene matrices containing some atomic metals

Abstract Low-temperature matrices of 1,3-butadiene containing Ni, Pd, Fe or Mg atoms were prepared by codeposition at − 190°C, and their i.r. spectra were examined as the matrices were warmed to various temperatures. With Ni atoms, a charge-transfer complex, NiC4H6, whose i.r. spectrum was indistinguishable from that of solid C4H6, was formed initially. It rearranged at about −130°C into a yellow π-complex Ni(C4H6)2 which in turn transformed rapidly into a more stable red polymeric π-complex (NiC4H6)n. The spectra of these π-complexes showed that the butadiene ligands were in the cis configuration. The polymer decomposed at about −80°C into butadiene, metallic nickel and traces of organonickel residues. It also reacted with water to give butane and butenes. Matrices with Pd or Fe atoms behaved similarly but only a charge-transfer complex was observed with Mg atoms.
The Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Cystitis Can be Ameliorated by Anti-CXCL10 Ab Treatment

Background Interstitial cystitis (IC), more recently called painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a complex disease associated with chronic bladder inflammation that primarily affects women. Its symptoms include frequent urinary urgency accompanied by discomfort or pain in the bladder and lower abdomen. In the United States, eight million people, mostly women, have IC/PBS. New evidence that autoimmune mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of IC/PBS triggered interest.
The multi-functional drug tropisetron binds APP and normalizes cognition in a murine Alzheimer's model

Tropisetron was identified in a screen for candidates that increase the ratio of the trophic, neurite-extending peptide sAPPα to the anti-trophic, neurite-retractive peptide Aβ, thus reversing this imbalance in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We describe here a hierarchical screening approach to identify such drug candidates, moving from cell lines to primary mouse hippocampal neuronal cultures to in vivo studies. By screening a clinical compound library in the primary assay using CHO-7W cells stably transfected with human APPwt, we identified tropisetron as a candidate that consistently increased sAPPα. Secondary assay testing in neuronal cultures from J20 (PDAPP, huAPP(Swe/Ind)) mice showed that tropisetron consistently increased the sAPPα/Aβ 1-42 ratio. In in vivo studies in J20 mice, tropisetron improved the sAPPα/Aβ ratio along with spatial and working memory in mice, and was effective both during the symptomatic, pre-plaque phase (5-6 months) and in the late plaque phase (14 months). This ameliorative effect occurred at a dose of 0.5mg/kg/d (mkd), translating to a human-equivalent dose of 5mg/day, the current dose for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Although tropisetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and an α7nAChR partial agonist, we found that it also binds to the ectodomain of APP. Direct comparison of tropisetron to the current AD therapeutics memantine (Namenda) and donepezil (Aricept), using similar doses for each, revealed that tropisetron induced greater improvements in memory and the sAPPα/Aβ1-42 ratio. The improvements observed with tropisetron in the J20 AD mouse model, and its known safety profile, suggest that it may be suitable for transition to human trials as a candidate therapeutic for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, and therefore it has been approved for testing in clinical trials beginning in 2014.
Upper limb kinetic analysis of three sitting pivot wheelchair transfer techniques.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate differences in shoulder, elbow and hand kinetics while performing three different SPTs that varied in terms of hand and trunk positioning. Methods Fourteen unimpaired individuals (8 male and 6 female) performed three variations of sitting pivot transfers in a random order from a wheelchair to a level tub bench. Two transfers involved a forward flexed trunk (head–hips technique) and the third with the trunk remaining upright. The two transfers involving a head hips technique were performed with two different leading hand initial positions. Motion analysis equipment recorded upper body movements and force sensors recorded hand reaction forces. Shoulder and elbow joint and hand kinetics were computed for the lift phase of the transfer. Findings Transferring using either of the head hips techniques compared to the trunk upright style of transferring resulted in reduced superior forces at the shoulder ( P P P P = 0.049) for both head hip transfers and the trailing hand for the head hip technique with the arm further away from the body ( P P Interpretation Varying the hand placement and trunk positioning during transfers changes the load distribution across all upper limb joints. The results of this study may be useful for determining a technique that helps preserve upper limb function overtime.
Distracted walking: cell phones increase injury risk for college pedestrians.

INTRODUCTION: Distraction on cell phones jeopardizes motor-vehicle driver safety, but few studies examine distracted walking. At particular risk are college students, who walk frequently in and near traffic, have increased pedestrian injury rates compared to other age groups, and frequently use cell phones. Method: Using an interactive and immersive virtual environment, two experiments studied the effect of cell phone conversation on distraction of college student pedestrians. In the first, we examined whether pedestrians would display riskier behavior when distracted by a naturalistic cell phone conversation than when undistracted. We also considered whether individual difference factors would moderate the effect of the distraction. In a second experiment, we examined the impact of three forms of distraction on pedestrian safety: (a) engaging in a cell phone conversation, (b) engaging in a cognitively challenging spatial task by phone, and (c) engaging in a cognitively challenging mental arithmetic task by phone. Results: Results revealed that cell phone conversations distracted college pedestrians considerably across all pedestrian safety variables measured, with just one exception. Attention to traffic was not affected by the naturalistic phone conversation in Experiment 1, but was altered by the cognitively-demanding content of some types of conversation in Experiment 2. The content of the conversation did not play a major role in distraction across other variables; both mundane and cognitively complex conversations distracted participants. Moreover, no significant associations between individual difference factors and susceptibility to distraction emerged. Impact on Industry: Results may inform researchers, policy makers, and pedestrians themselves. Educational campaigns might discourage telephone conversations in pedestrian environments. Keywords: Driver distraction; Pedestrian distraction Language: en
Lessons learned from river restoration projects in California

1. California is a tectonically active region with a Mediterranean climate, resulting in extreme spatial and temporal variability in river channel conditions. Restoration approaches that work in one part of the state may not succeed elsewhere. 2. Restoration projects should be planned and designed based on an understanding of geomorphological and ecological processes, rather than simply mimicry of form, as in blind application of a classification scheme. 3. Most rivers in California have been dammed, resulting in changed flow and sediment transport conditions downstream. If these changes are not recognized, restoration designs are likely to be ineffective or inappropriate. 4. Very few restoration projects in California have been subject to objective post-project evaluation. As a result, opportunities to learn from past experience to improve future project design have been lost. 5. A case study on Rush Creek illustrates the importance of geomorphologically and ecologically informed project objectives, and the need to account for dam-induced hydrologic changes in developing recommendations for flushing flows. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral Marriage Therapy in the 1980's: The Challenge of Integration.

Abstract Only two years ago, my colleagues and I participated in a published debate over the sufficiency of a predominantly behaviorally oriented approach to marital therapy (Gurman and Kniskern, 1978c; Gurman and Knudson, 1978; Gurman et al., 1978; Jacobson and Weiss, 1978). This debate has stimulated a good deal of discussion (e.g., Colapinto, 1979; Taggart, 1979), presumably because it focused attention on a number of issues which are fundamental to how clinicians conceive of marital conflict and treatment, which had not received enough of a public airing for some time. In that debate, my colleagues and I argued that a single-minded application of behavioral principles to marriage therapy was insufficient for effective clinical practice. While behavioral marital therapy (BMT) was the focus of that particular interchange, in several other places I have taken the position that psychodynamically oriented and systems-oriented methods, when applied monolithically to marital problems, are also subject to ser...
Design and suction cup analysis of a wall climbing robot

This paper describes the design, kineostatic and safety analysis of a two legged mobile robot that can climb from one surface to another surface by using suction cups. Three artificial constraint equations are derived to create the working Jacobin matrix, and then a progam is written to calculate the reaction and actuator force (moment), based on which, the most dangerous position of the robot is found. Also, we study the amount of the stress distribution on the deformable suction cup due to the exertion of the gravitational force, as well as load distribution of the robot.
A Family Strengths Approach to Early Language and Literacy Development

Language and literacy skills are an essential element of young children’s development and allow them to interact meaningfully with other people and to develop knowledge in all subject areas. Despite the importance of language and literacy development, however, more than one-third of children in the United States enter school with significant differences in language, early literacy skills, and motivation to learn that place them at considerable risk for developing long-term reading difficulties. The quantity and quality of language interactions children have with their parents and exposure to print in their home environment prior to entering school have an important impact on these individual differences. This paper provides teachers with guidelines and tools for helping families identify and create language and literacy opportunities in their home environment that reflect their unique strengths and routines.
Vaccine development: baring the 'dirty little secret'.

Inflammatory signals strongly influence the generation of T-cell memory after infection or vaccination. Experimental manipulation of these signals shortens the interval of time between administration of a vaccine and a booster ( pages 748–756 ).
Epicutaneous sensitization with superantigen induces allergic skin inflammation.

Abstract Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin infiltration with eosinophils and lymphocytes and expression of Th 2 cytokines in acute skin lesions. The skin of patients with AD is frequently colonized with enterotoxin-secreting strains of Staphylococcus aureus . Staphylococcal enterotoxins have been implicated in the exacerbations of the inflammatory skin lesions in patients with AD. Objective We sought to determine whether epicutaneous (EC) sensitization of mice with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) results in allergic skin inflammation. Methods BALB/c mice were EC-sensitized with SEB. Their skin was examined for allergic inflammation and cytokine expression, and their splenocytes were examined for cytokine secretion in response to SEB. Results EC sensitization with SEB elicited a local, cutaneous, inflammatory response characterized by dermal infiltration with eosinophils and mononuclear cells and increased mRNA expression of the Th 2 cytokine IL-4 but not of the Th 1 cytokine IFN-γ. EC-sensitized mice mounted a systemic Th 2 response to SEB evidenced by elevated total and SEB-specific IgG1 and IgE. Although EC sensitization with SEB resulted in selective depletion of SEB-specific T-cell receptor Vβ8+ cells from the spleen and sensitized skin, splenocytes from SEB-sensitized mice secreted relatively more IL-4 and less IFN-γ than did saline-sensitized controls, consistent with Th 2 skewing of the systemic immune response to the superantigen. Conclusion These results suggest that EC exposure to superantigens skews the immune response toward Th 2 cells, leading to allergic skin inflammation and increased IgE synthesis that are characteristic of AD.
Sex with sex workers among latino day laborers in Suburban Maryland.

Using the structural-environmental conceptual framework, this study employed mixed methods to address the question of whether sex with female sex workers contributes to HIV risk among male immigrant Latino day laborers in suburban Maryland. Because contextual factors can greatly affect HIV risk for both sex workers and their clients, this study investigated the organizational structure of sex work, factors that predicted men’s hiring of sex workers, sexual behaviors performed with sex workers, and the use of condoms. Qualitative research was conducted to inform the development of a quantitative survey, but also provided crucial descriptions about the motivations, locations, arrangements, and sexual activities related to sex work. Key informant interviews (N = 10), in-depth interviews with day laborers (N = 10) and Latina female sex workers (N = 4), and two focus groups with day laborers (N = 11) were conducted, and a quantitative survey administered via Audio-enhanced Computer-assisted Self-interviewing (N = 174). Condom use was nearly universal in encounters with female sex workers, thus indicating that the sex workers were not an important source of HIV transmission in this context. Logistic regression was performed to test a model predicting sex with sex workers. Latino day laborers who reported more immigrant stress and who did not have a partner in the U.S. were more likely to have had sex with a sex worker, as were men who reported binge drinking. Structural and social conditions influenced the hiring of sex workers. Further research is warranted to better understand the interrelationships among these circumstances and to inform the development of programs to address them.
Quantitative Analysis and Optimization of On-Chip Interference Functionalities for Nanophotonics Standing Wave Array Traps

The advent of an on-chip optical trapping platform based on nanophotonic interference has allowed parallel processing of biomolecules and holds the promise to make single molecule manipulation and precision measurements more easily and broadly available. The nanophotonic standing wave array trap (nSWAT) device1 has recently been demonstrated to be capable of trapping an array of beads by the evanescent field of the standing wave of a nanophotonic waveguide. Here, in order to more efficiently utilize the input power, we quantitatively analyze the laser power distribution on-chip, and propose and demonstrate an alternative method to generate on-chip interference for nSWAT. We show that this method improves laser power at the trapping region and thus allows for the generation of increased trapping stiffness. This thus demonstrates a method towards nSWAT optimization.1. M. Soltani, J. Lin, R.A. Forties, J.T. Inman, S.N. Saraf, R. M. Fulbright, M. Lipson, M. D. Wang ‘Nanophotonic trapping for precise manipulation of biomolecular arrays’ Nature nanotechnology, 2014
Antibodies to the neutral glycolipid asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide: association with gynecologic cancers.

Abstract As part of our efforts to define subpopulations at increased risk for gynecologic malignancies, sera from 145 women were obtained prior to diagnosis and analyzed for antibody to asialo ganglio- N -tetraosylceramide. This neutral glycolipid is present on the surface of thymocytes and natural killer cells, and asialo ganglio- N -tetraosylceramide antibody has been shown in animals to block natural killer cell activity and promote tumor cell proliferation. With the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and with a value of 2 SD above the mean for healthy women designated as the boundary for a positive response, antibody to asialo ganglio- N -tetraosylceramide was detected in only one of 30 (3%) healthy women, none of 16 pregnant women, none of 18 women with benign masses, and two of 24 (8%) women with microbial infections. All of the above samples that contained antibodies were barely over the 2 SD limit. In marked contrast, 19 of 35 (54%) women with gynecologic malignancies had asialo ganglio- N -tetraosylceramide antibodies, with positive values ranging to >10 SD above the control mean. Asialo ganglio- N -tetraosylceramide antibody was found in six of eight (75%) patients with cervical cancer, five of eight (63%) with endometrial cancer, and seven of 15 (47%) with ovarian cancer. Of the eight patients with Stage I gynecologic cancer at any site, five (62%) had asialo ganglio- N -tetraosylceramide antibodies. Four of 22 (18%) women with Hodgkin's disease also had antibodies, with values just exceeding 2 SD above control levels. The presence of these antibodies may contribute to an impaired immune surveillance system in these women and so increase their susceptibility to malignancy.
Inhibited transitions and isomeric states in the N = 50 isotones

Abstract Measured E2 transition rates in the N = 50 isotones ( 90 Zr– 94 Ru) are satisfactorily reproduced by a shell model 0699 0 with proton configurations ( p 1 2 g 9 2 ) n . The inhibited 8 + →6 + E2 transition in 94 Ru and its connection with seniority mixing is discussed. Isomeric 17− 2 states are predicted in 91 Nb and 93 Tc. 0699
Water based silicone elastomer controlled release tablet film coating VI: The effect of tablet shape

AbstractThe silicone elastomer latex containing colloidal silica and poloyoxyethylene glycol 8,000 was shown to produce controlled released film coating on potassium chloride tablets with different shapes. The tablet shape did not affect the zero-order release characteristic of the active ingredinent from the coated tablests. With the same coating weight, the capsule shaped tablets exhibited a faster drug release rate as compared to the oval and round deep-cup shaped tablets.
Topological mass terms on axion domain walls

Photons and electrons interacting with axion domain walls are considered in a simple model. A topological mass term for the photon and a parity-violating mass term for the electron arise naturally on axion domain walls. The quantization of topological mass and the interaction between domain walls and magnetic monopoles, along with other features, are discussed.
Reinventing Aspects of Multicultural Education under the Shadow of Globalisation.

Drawing insights from the imaginary journey of an international education student, this essay aims to sensitise multicultural educators to attend to three dimensions that could be considered critical for the reinvention of aspects of the field under the pressures of globalisation. These dimensions include: (1) the promotion of multicultural education’s informed spatial flexibility; (2) the utilisation of dialectic critical views as navigation tools; and (3) the endorsement of cosmonaut identities for teachers, at the educational and cultural levels. The essay concludes with practical implications of the proposed framework for multicultural education classes and with questions for further debate.
Internal anatomy of Coprophanaeus Lancifer (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Abstract Coprophanaeus lancifer (L.), a large South American scarabaeine, is the subject of a basic study of the gross internal anatomy of adult dung beetles. This study will be the basis for a future comparative examination of the internal anatomy of Scarabaeinae and its bearing on the systematics and evolution of the subfamily. The digestive, circulatory, central nervous and reproductive systems of C. lancifer are described. The midgut is adapted for efficient processing of large amounts of food; the circulatory system shows typical insectan structure; the ventral nerve cord is much shortened and its ganglia consolidated; the female reproductive system includes but one ovariole, resulting in low fecundity, compensated for by a high rate of offspring survival effected by a complex nidification behavior; the male system is elaborate, and likely designed for the production of a complex spermatophore.
A new wireless detection device for the in-situ identification of Salmonella Typhimurium

This paper presents a new device and method for the in-situ detection of Salmonella Typhimurium on tomato surfaces. This real-time in-situ detection was accomplished with phage-based magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors on fresh food surfaces. The E2 phage from a landscape phage library serves as the bio-recognition element that has the capability of binding specifically with S. Typhimurium. This mass-sensitive ME biosensor is wirelessly actuated into mechanical resonance by an externally applied time-varying magnetic field. When the biosensor binds with S. Typhimurium, the mass of the sensor increases, resulting in a decrease in the sensor's resonant frequency. Until now, ME sensors had to be collected from the tomato surface where they are exposed to S. Typhimurium and inserted into a measurement coil for the detection of the bacterium. In contrast, the newly designed test device allows the whole detection process to take place directly on the tomato. Changes in resonant frequency over time due to the accumulation of S. Typhimurium on the sensor were measured and are presented. Real-time in-situ detection of 20 minutes was achieved. In addition, this new methodology effectively decreases the measurement error and enables the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens.
PROPERTIES OF A COLD-PRECIPITABLE PROTEIN FRACTION IN THE LENS.

A soluble protein fraction which precipitates in aqueous solutions at temperatures below 10°C has been isolated from the rat lens. This fraction appears to be responsible for the reversible ȁcold cataractȁ which has been seen to develop when young mammals are exposed to temperatures below 10°C. As the rat ages, the concentration of this protein fraction decreases, but the fraction does not completely disappear, even from the lenses of 3-year-old rats. Although the molecular species comprising this fraction appear to be homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge, dise electrophoresis and immunodiffusion have shown that they are a heterogeneous mixture of α-, β- and γ-crystallin subunits. The ability of the coldprecipitable protein (CCP) fraction to precipitate in the cold depends upon its concentration and the ionic strength and pH of the solvent. In solutions of pH 4·0, some aggregation of the 4 S CPP occurs to form a 17 S component, which no longer precipitates in the cold. The ability of this protein fraction to precipitate in the cold may depend on hydrophobic bonding and its influence on the conformation of the protein.
Fracture criteria for orthogonally reinforced composites

Abstract Cracks in cross-ply fiber-reinforced specimens generally run parallel to one family of fibers or the other, but the direction of the crack can change abruptly. This qualitative behavior is predicted by the so-called critical force fracture criterion. However, the critical force criterion implies that no crack can run straight across a sufficiently narrow specimen without turning, and we find experimentally that this is not true. Consequently, we propose a new fracture criterion based on critical values of what we call tensile stress intensity factors. The new criterion predicts crack trajectories that agree with experimentally observed trajectories much better than those predicted by using the critical force criterion.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of denatonium benzoate in ethanol with 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone

Abstract An analytical method for the determination of denatonium benzoate in ethanol with 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone has been developed using reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (210 nm) detection. The procedure is linear and accurate over the range 1.0–20.0 ppm with a limit of detection of 0.25 ppm (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3).
A mechanized seine harvest system for freshwater prawns

Abstract This paper describes new developments in a selective harvest system for freshwater prawns. The net system can be pulled either mechanically or by hand. It produced a consistently high harvest efficiency and yield. The system included a low cost, light weight prototype boom designed to replace the harvest crew in the pond. Components of the net system were attached to each other by nylon fish net zippers. The zippers were also used as a closing mechanism to increase harvest efficiency. The mean harvest efficiency of marketable prawns of the new system in earthen production ponds was estimated to be 63·5%.
Generalized melanoses and nonmelanotic pigmentations of the head and neck

Color photographs are used to illustrate skin lesions associated with acanthosis nigricans, Albright’s syndrome, Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and Addison’s disease, and also nonmelanotic pigmentations that are systemically acquired. The dentist is in a strategic position to evaluate early color changes of the head and neck. Certain oral and perioral changes of pigmentation are amenable to early diagnosis. Systemically acquired generalized melanoses and nonmelanotic color changes should be periodically reviewed by all examining physicians and dentists. The multiple forms of acanthosis nigricans are described, and the triad of Albright’s syndrome is compared with the findings of Peutz-Jeghers’s syndrome, multiple basal cell nevi, neurofibromatosis, and Addison’s disease. The spectrums of changes seen in abnormal nonmelanotic pigmentation are reviewed, and the importance of recognition of drug-induced pigmentation is emphasized.
Specific Packaging of Nodaviral RNA2 Requires the N-Terminus of the Capsid Protein ☆

Flock house virus (FHV), a member of the family Nodaviridae, is a nonenveloped, icosahedral insect virus whose capsids are assembled from 180 copies of a single type of coat protein. The viral genome is split between two segments of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, RNA1 and RNA2, which are packaged into a single virion. We previously demonstrated that synthesis of FHV coat protein in the baculovirus expression system results in assembly of virus-like particles whose capsids are indistinguishable from those of native virions, although the encapsidated RNA represents primarily cellular RNA. In contrast, expression of a deletion mutant lacking N-terminal residues 2-31 results in formation of multiple types of particles which differ in size, shape, and RNA contents. We postulated that the polymorphism was imposed by the type of RNA that the coat protein selected for packaging. In the current study we tested this hypothesis by analyzing the assembly of the mutant coat protein in Drosophila cells in the presence of replicating FHV RNAs. As anticipated, the resulting particles had the same shape and dimensions as wt virions. Surprisingly, however, they contained little RNA2 while packaging of RNA1 was not affected. Small amounts of defective interfering RNAs, which emerged rapidly in the presence of the mutant coat protein, were also detected. Taken together, these observations confirm our earlier hypothesis that selection of nonviral RNAs for packaging can significantly alter the assembly process. In addition, they demonstrate that the N-terminus of the FHV coat protein contains important determinants for recognition and packaging of RNA2. Our results provide the first evidence that encapsidation of the two genomic RNAs occurs independently and that the coat protein uses different regions for the recognition of RNA1 and RNA2.
Relationship between survival and histologic type in small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung

Survival and histologic subtype were compared in 61 patients with small cell anaplastic lung cancer. Patients with lymphocyte-like (oat cell) and fusiform histologies treated with chemotherapy had longer median survivals than the polygonal and other varieties on the same treatment. Likewise, when detectable disease was confined to the chest and supraclavicular nodes, the patients with lymphocyte-like and fusiform types lived longer. The improved survival in the lymphocyte-like and fusiform categories accounted for most of our improved overall median survival rates with the COPP regimen in small cell lung cancer. Survival in the polygonal and other types was not appreciably different from that seen in non-small cell lung cancer (squamous and adenocarcinoma). It may be possible to refine treatment plans on the basis of cell type so as to further increase survival in small cell anaplastic lung carcinoma.
Three-dimensional boundary element thermal shape sensitivity analysis

A computationally efficient and accurate shape design sensitivity analysis approach for the thermal response of 3D solid objects is presented which utilizes a direct, singular, boundary element analysis formulation. The theoretical formulation for the primary response (the surface temperature and normal heat flux) sensitivities and the secondary response (tangential components of the heat flux, vector, interior point temperature and heat flux vector components) sensitivities are presented. A number of computational issues related to the overall efficiency of implementation of these formulations are discussed. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this approach.
A macro-ergonomic work system analysis of the diagnostic testing process in an outpatient health care facility for process improvement and patient safety

The diagnosis of illness is important for quality patient care and patient safety and is greatly aided by diagnostic testing. For diagnostic tests, such as pathology and radiology, to positively impact patient care, the tests must be processed and the physician and patient must be notified of the results in a timely fashion. There are many steps in the diagnostic testing process, from ordering to result dissemination, where the process can break down and therefore delay patient care and reduce patient safety. This study was carried out to examine the diagnostic testing process (i.e. from ordering to result notification) and used a macro-ergonomic work system analysis to uncover system design flaws that contributed to delayed physician and patient notification of results. The study was carried out in a large urban outpatient health-care facility made up of 30 outpatient clinics. Results indicated a number of variances that contributed to delays, the majority of which occurred across the boundaries of different systems and were related to poor or absent feedback structures. Recommendations for improvements are discussed.
The joint optimization of transmitter and receiver filters for data transmission systems using mean field annealing

A technique is presented for finding transmitter and receiver filters for a wide class of data transmission systems which minimize the bit error rate (BER). The techniques uses Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the BER, coupled with mean field annealing (MFA) to optimize the pulse shapes. Modeling of the link can be as complex as simulation will allow, while MFA is resistant to the statistical scatter in the BER estimate from the simulation. In a complex example, MFA is coupled with Monte Carlo simulation techniques to find near optimal transmit and receive filters for a satellite communications link, taking 6 CPU hours on a DECstation 3100. The bit error rate of the link is found to be as much as three orders of magnitude lower when using the MFA-constructed optimal filters than when using filters constructed by gradient descent and simulated annealing. >