cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recessive genetic mode of an ADH4 variant in substance dependence in African-Americans: A model of utility of the HWD test

In our previous studies, we reported positive associations between seven ADH4 polymorphisms and substance dependence [i.e., alcohol dependence (AD) and/or drug dependence (DD)] in European-Americans (EAs). In the present study, we address the relationship between ADH4 variation and substance dependence in an African-American (AA) population, and report evidence that supports an association between a different ADH4 polymorphism (rs2226896) and these phenotypes in AAs. Two family-based association study methods, i.e., TDT and FBAT, were applied to test the relationship between ADH4 variation and substance dependence in Sample 3 (112 small nuclear families) and in Sample 4 (632 pedigrees), respectively. A population-based case-control association study method was also applied to test this relationship in 1303 unrelated subjects, with and without controlling for admixture effects. Finally, a Hardy-Weinberg Disequilibrium (HWD) test was applied to examine the association in the case-only sample, infer the genetic disease models, and distinguish the disease and non-disease factors contributing to HWD. The marker examined was found to be in significant HWD in AA alcoholics (p = 0.0071) and drug dependent subjects (p = 0.0341), but in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in all other subgroups. Other association methods failed to detect any association between this variation and phenotypes. The best-fit genetic disease model for this marker is a recessive genetic model. ADH4 variation might play a role in risk for substance dependence in AAs, potentially via a recessive mechanism. Under certain conditions, the HWD test could be a more powerful association method than conventional family-based and population-based case-control association analyses, for which, the present study provides an extreme example.
Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound in Female Patients With Nipple Discharge

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of ultrasound to the evaluation of patients with pathologic nipple discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective review was conducted of the records of females who presented with nipple discharge between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. Pathologic nipple discharge was defined as discharge with one or more of the following features: unilateral, clear or bloody, and spontaneous. Patients underwent bilateral mammography followed by ultrasound directed at the subareolar portion of the affected breast. Radiologic findings and pathologic results were reviewed. RESULTS. Over a 3-year period, 327 females (mean age, 48 years; range, 13–88 years) presented with nipple discharge. Among these patients, 273 (83%) underwent surgical excision or clinical or radiographic follow-up at least 2 years after presentation and composed the study population. Among the 273 patients, 262 (96%) underwent mammography and 246 (90%) underwent sonography. Am...
Using the wisdom of the crowds for keyword generation

In the sponsored search model, search engines are paid by businesses that are interested in displaying ads for their site alongside the search results. Businesses bid for keywords, and their ad is displayed when the keyword is queried to the search engine. An important problem in this process is 'keyword generation': given a business that is interested in launching a campaign, suggest keywords that are related to that campaign. We address this problem by making use of the query logs of the search engine. We identify queries related to a campaign by exploiting the associations between queries and URLs as they are captured by the user's clicks. These queries form good keyword suggestions since they capture the "wisdom of the crowd" as to what is related to a site. We formulate the problem as a semi-supervised learning problem, and propose algorithms within the Markov Random Field model. We perform experiments with real query logs, and we demonstrate that our algorithms scale to large query logs and produce meaningful results.
Selective growth and chracterization of InGaAs Quantum Dots on patterned InP substrates utilizaing a diblock copolymer template

To realize the theoretical advantages of Quantum Dots (QDs) as the active region for diode lasers, the selective growth of QDs on patterned substrates were investigated. The substrate nanopatterning and QD formation was realized by diblock copolymers combined with selective MOCVD growth. Using a CF 4 reactive ion etch (RIE) and a sacrificial SiN x mask, diblock copolymer nanopattern was trans ferred to InGaAs QDs on top of prepared InGaAsP / InP substrates and then QDs were grown selective ly by MOCVD. Since growth temperature of patterned QDs is free from QD formation mechanism, unlike self-assembled QDs, two samples were grown at relatively higher temperatures (550 °C and 630 °C) and a significant improvement in photoluminescence (PL) was observed from the sample grown at higher temperature.
Is methane venting at the seafloor recorded by δ13C of benthic foraminifera shells

The research was supported by WCNURP grant PF806880 and by NSF grants OCE-9731157, OCE-9815186, and OCE-9906944. Curation of sediment cores at the OSU/NORCOR repository is supported by NSF.
Computer-based nuclear radiation detection and instrumentation teaching laboratory system

A computer-based nuclear radiation detection and instrumentation teaching laboratory system has been developed at the University of Florida for use in its Nuclear Engineering Sciences teaching laboratories. The system is based on the innovative use of Macintosh II microcomputers, the IEEE-488 communication and control bus system (and protocol), compatible nuclear instrumentation modules (NIM), test equipment, and LabVIEW 2 graphical software, applications software and locally prepared, interactive, menu-driven HyperCard based multiexercise laboratory instruction sets and procedures. The laboratory teaching station concept entails using the computer to establish a 'man-machine interface/communications system' that can provide user-friendly instructions and online instrument control for system setup, test, data acquisition, storage, analysis, plotting, and laboratory report preparation. >
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the discrimination of Arthrobacter strains based on variations in cell surface composition

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a rapid and highly sensitive spectroscopic technique that has the potential to measure chemical changes in bacterial cell surface in response to environmental changes. The objective of this study was to determine whether SERS had sufficient resolution to differentiate closely related bacteria within a genus grown on solid and liquid medium, and a single Arthrobacter strain grown in multiple chromate concentrations. Fourteen closely related Arthrobacter strains, based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, were used in this study. After performing principal component analysis in conjunction with Linear Discriminant Analysis, we used a novel, adapted cross-validation method, which more faithfully models the classification of spectra. All fourteen strains could be classified with up to 97% accuracy. The hierarchical trees comparing SERS spectra from the liquid and solid media datasets were different. Additionally, hierarchical trees created from the Raman data were different from those obtained using 16S rRNA gene sequences (a phylogenetic measure). A single bacterial strain grown on solid media culture with three different chromate levels also showed significant spectral distinction at discrete points identified by the new Elastic Net regularized regression method demonstrating the ability of SERS to detect environmentally induced changes in cell surface composition. This study demonstrates that SERS is effective in distinguishing between a large number of very closely related Arthrobacter strains and could be a valuable tool for rapid monitoring and characterization of phenotypic variations in a single population in response to environmental conditions.
Modeling of supercritical extraction of organics from solid matrices

The desorption profiles of various organics from soil and activated carbon using dense liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide were modeled. The model accounts for effective diffusion of the organics in the solid pores, axial dispersion in the fluid phase, and external mass transfer to the fluid phase from the particle surface. This model, involving partial differential equations, is solved using the orthogonal collocation on finite elements. The model is able to predict the experimental data quite well without any adjustable parameters. The importance of each parameter depended on the system, although adsorption equilibrium and the effective pore diffusion of the organic were the most significant parameters in all the systems investigated.
Permeability of gigaporous particles

The volumetric flow rate of liquid and gas through small gigaporous particles was measured by a new method that isolates single particles in a test apparatus. To the author knowledge, this is the first direct confirmation of flow through gigaporous particles made at pressure drops experienced during normal operation. High-performance liquid chromatography particles from 30 to 50 μm in diameter, previously reported to exhibit convection-enhanced intraparticle mass transfer, were studied. Using a CFD model of the test system, the permeability of individual particles was determined from the pressure-drop-flow-rate relationship. The average measured permeability of the particles studied is 7.89X10 -15 m 2 with no dependence on particle size. This is 4 to 17 times greater than values calculated from models currently used to estimate the permeability of these kinds of particles. No other experimentally measured values of permeability have been reported for particle of this size. The results of this study might imply that the intraparticle structure does not behave like a bed of uniformly packed microspheres, but rather as an inhomogeneous assemblage of microparticles. The measured permeability values offer the possibility of developing better models of the intraparticle flow field under normal operating conditions. Knowledge of the intraparticle flow field is an important step in deriving predictive models of convective mass transfer in these types of particles
Stop consonant productions of Korean–English bilingual children

The purpose of this study was to conduct an acoustic examination of the obstruent stops produced by Korean–English bilingual children in connection with the question of whether bilinguals establish distinct categories of speech sounds across languages. Stop productions were obtained from ninety children in two age ranges, five and ten years: thirty Korean–English bilinguals, thirty monolingual Koreans and thirty monolingual English speakers. Voice-Onset-Time (VOT) lag at word-initial stop and fundamental frequency (f0) in the following vowel (hereafter vowel-onset f0) were measured. The bilingual children showed different patterns of VOT in comparison to both English and Korean monolinguals, with longer VOT in their production of Korean stop consonants and shorter VOT for English. Moreover, the ten-year-old bilinguals distinguished all stop categories using both VOT and vowel-onset f0, whereas the five-year-olds tended to make stop distinctions based on VOT but not vowel-onset f0. The results of this study suggest that bilingual children at around five years of age do not yet have fully separate stop systems, and that the systems continue to evolve during the developmental period.
An AAV2/5 Vector Enhances Safety of Gene Transfer to the Mouse Salivary Gland

This study was designed to improve AAV-mediated gene transfer to the murine submandibular salivary glands. Our first aim was to utilize AAV pseudotype vectors, containing the genetic elements of the canonical AAV2, packaged within capsids of AAV serotypes 5, 8, and 9. Having determined that this pseudotyping increased the efficiency of gene transfer to the glands by several orders of magnitude, we next asked whether we could reduce the gene transfer inoculum of the pseudotype while still achieving gene transfer comparable with that achieved with high-dose AAV2. Having achieved gene transfer comparable with that of AAV2 using a pseudotype vector (AAV2/5) at a 100-fold lower dose, our final objective was to evaluate the implications of this lower dose on two pre-clinical parameters of vector safety. To evaluate systemic toxicity, we measured AAV vector sequestration in the liver using qPCR, and found that the 100-fold lower dose reduced the vector recovered from the liver by 300-fold. To evaluate salivary g...
dPattern: transcription factor binding site (TFBS) discovery in human genome using a discriminative pattern analysis.

Motivation: Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) are typically short in length, thus search with a profile model from known TFBSs produces many false positives. When combined with additional information, gene expression data in this article, sensitivity and specificity of TFBS search can be improved significantly. Results: By modifying our previous REFINEMENT approach, we developed dPattern that searches for occurrences of TFBSs in the promotor regions of up/down regulated or random genes. Availability: http://platcom.org/projects/dpattern
Resistance Can Be Good or Bad: How Theories of Resistance and Dissonance Affect Attitude Certainty

This research investigated how lay theories about resisting persuasion can affect attitude certainty. Specifically, people who believed that resistance was negative (i.e., implies close-mindedness) showed different levels of attitude certainty after resisting persuasive messages than people who believed resistance was positive (i.e., implies intelligence). When people held positive lay theories of resistance and overcame ostensibly strong arguments, they showed increased attitude certainty (compared to those who overcame ostensibly weak arguments). However, individuals who believed that resistance was negative did not show increases in attitude certainty when overcoming strong arguments. Experiment 2 suggests that the effect of lay theories and perceived argument strength on attitude certainty was due to dissonance created by believing that resistance is undesirable but nonetheless resisting persuasion.
THERMAL STRESSES IN COATINGS ON CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES

A finite-element model for the analysis of thermal stresses in oxidation-protecting coatings on carbon-carbon composites is developed. The model is based on an incremental formulation of the generalized plane deformation theory and allows for temperature-dependent material properties, and the application of coatings at different temperatures. Emphasis is on the determination of stresses in the coatings near a geometric discontinuity, such as the corner radius of a rectangular cross section. The model is used to study the St. Venant effect associated with the discontinuity and the effect of the orthotropy of the carbon-carbon substrate on the stresses in the coatings. The importance of using temperature-dependent material properties is demonstrated.
The Transitive Core of Preference Relations

The paper proposes a method of transforming a possibly cyclic preference relation of a decision maker into a transitive binary relation, which is called the transitive core. The characterizing properties of such a transformation is given. In addition, the transitive core is applied to interesting classes of nontransitive preference relations, including the majority voting, the regret theory, the semiorders, and the relative discounting time preferences.
Rosenne, the Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907

Review of: S. ROSENNE, ed., The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907 and International Arbitration: Reports and Documents, T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, 2001.
Amorphous Boron Nitride: A Universal, Ultrathin Dielectric For 2D Nanoelectronics

Next-generation nanoelectronics based on 2D materials ideally will require reliable, flexible, transparent, and versatile dielectrics for transistor gate barriers, environmental passivation layers, capacitor spacers, and other device elements. Ultrathin amorphous boron nitride of thicknesses from 2 to 17 nm, described in this work, may offer these attributes, as the material is demonstrated to be universal in structure and stoichiometric chemistry on numerous substrates including flexible polydimethylsiloxane, amorphous silicon dioxide, crystalline Al2O3, other 2D materials including graphene, 2D MoS2, and conducting metals and metal foils. The versatile, large area pulsed laser deposition growth technique is performed at temperatures less than 200 °C and without modifying processing conditions, allowing for seamless integration into 2D device architectures. A device-scale dielectric constant of 5.9 ± 0.65 at 1 kHz, breakdown voltage of 9.8 ± 1.0 MV cm−1, and bandgap of 4.5 eV were measured for various thicknesses of the ultrathin a-BN material, representing values higher than previously reported chemical vapor deposited h-BN and nearing single crystal h-BN.
How Much Control Can Business Endure

Are Americans unwilling to grapple with the naked concept of power? Is our present distribution of economic power sound?The recent Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission examines this distributio...
Development of a Computer Program for Three Dimensional Analysis of Zero Speed First Order Wave Body Interaction in Frequency Domain

Evaluation of motion characteristics of ships and offshore structures at the early stage of design as well as during operation at the site is very important. Strip theory based programs and 3D panel method based programs are the most popular tools used in industry for vessel motion analysis. These programs use different variations of the Green’s function or Rankine sources to formulate the boundary element problem which solves the water wave radiation and diffraction problem in the frequency domain or the time domain.This study presents the development of a 3D frequency domain Green’s function method in infinite water depth for predicting hydrodynamic coefficients, wave induced forces and motions. The complete theory and its numerical implementation are discussed in detail. An in house application has been developed to verify the numerical implementation and facilitate further development of the program towards higher order methods, inclusion of forward speed effects, finite depth Green function, hydro elasticity, etc. The results were successfully compared and validated with analytical results where available and the industry standard computer program for simple structures such as floating hemisphere, cylinder and box barge as well as complex structures such as ship, spar and a tension leg platform.© 2013 ASME
RuO2 films by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Pure and conducting RuO2 thin films were successfully deposited on Si, SiO2/Si, and quartz substrates at temperatures as low as 550 °C by a hot wall metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium, Ru(C5H5)2, was used as the precursor. An optimized MOCVD process for conducting RuO2 thin films was established. Film structure was dependent on MOCVD process parameters such as bubbler temperature, dilute gas flow rates, deposition temperature, and total pressure. Either pure RuO2, pure Ru, or a RuO2 + Ru mixture was obtained under different deposition conditions. As-deposited pure RuO2 films were specular, crack-free, and well adhered on the substrates. The Auger electron spectroscopy depth profile showed good composition uniformity across the bulk of the films. The MOCVD RuO2 thin films exhibited a resistivity as low as 60 μω-cm. In addition, the reflectance of RuO2 in the NIR region had a metallic character.
Surgical considerations of aneurysms and atherosclerotic occlusive lesions of the aorta and major arteries.

This report is an analysis of aneurysms and atherosclerotic occlusive lesions based on the treatment of 3,324 patients in the past 10 years.Symptoms were relieved and pulses restored in 97 per cent of aortAiliac occlusions, 90 per cent of femoropopliteal occlusions, 95 per cent of operable lesions of the internal carotid artery, and 91 per cent of vertebral arterial occlusions.Mortality in 116 aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta was 20 per cent, in 62 dissecting aneurysms 29 per cent, and in 829 aneurysms of the abdominal aorta 6 per cent.
Busulfan in the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia. The effect of long term intermittent therapy.

1. The observations made during the administration of 114 courses of busulfan to 30 patients over a period of seven years are recorded. The responses to initial courses of therapy corresponded with those reported previously. With repeated courses of therapy, subjective improvement, the decline in the number of leukocytes, decrease of anemia and the subsidence of physical signs of the disease were as satisfactory as during the first course but tended to appear later. Patients were ambulatory and most were symptomatically and objectively improved during and after repeated courses as compared to their status beforehand. 2. Remissions were longest when the leukocyte values were 10,000 per cu. mm., or less, at the time busulfan was discontinued. Among such patients, remissions of six months or longer were seen in 85 per cent after the initial course of busulfan but in only 19 per cent after fifth or later courses. 3. Evidence of partial resistance to busulfan was seen in some cases after multiple courses of treatment. Complete resistance occurred in 15 patients upon development of the acute, myeloblastic phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. When busulfan failed, 6-mercaptopurine and colcemide were temporarily of value; x-ray was not of benefit. After the onset of the acute phase. the median survival was three months. This mode of termination is probably no more frequent (50 per cent of cases) since the advent of busulfan therapy than before. 4. If anemia was not relieved, or a large spleen was not reduced 50 per cent in size following a course of therapy, the prognosis was poor and the acute phase imminent. 5. Thrombocytopenia in early, untreated cases was not necessarily a bad sign, nor was the use of busulfan precluded because of it. However, when thrombocytopenia appeared in a previously treated patient, without other evidence indicating busulfan toxicity, or when it occurred in a patient with three or more years of known disease, it usually presaged the development of the terminal acute phase. 6. Side effects of busulfan were significant in only one patient; this man received 8 milligrams daily, double the usual dose, for eight months and developed glossitis, anhydrosis and alopecia totalis. The major hazard in the use of the drug was the occurrence of pancytopenia. This could be related to excessive dosage. 7. Morbidity was clearly decreased. Longevity (median 42 months) was greater than in Minot’s untreated cases (median 31 months) and at least as great as that achieved by treatment with radioactive phosphorus and x-ray (median 32-41 months). Repeated courses of busulfan are considered to offer an effective and practical palliative form of therapy for chronic myclocytic leukemia, up to the time of appearance of the terminal acute myeloblastic phase.
Study on the Two Week Out-patient Services Utilization in a Town in Xindu District

Objective To know the situation of two week out-patient services utilization among residents in Xindu.Methods A stratified random sampling was conducted among inhabitants with questionnaire.Results The utilization rate of two week out-patient services is 93.7%;residents who live in urban area are more likely to resort to the community health service center,residents who live in rural area to health station.Conclusion The resident's utilization and satisfaction of medical service is high in community health service institution.
Cluster Gateway Dominating Set Optimization Strategy in Wireless Ad Hoc Network

In the Ad hoc network cluster,the gateway is responsible for forwarding message.The node that can logically communicate with the nodes in other clusters has the ability to be gateway,and the set of these nodes is defined as gateway dominating set relative to cluster-head.In order to reduce the redundant gateways in the set,this paper presents a strategy of optimizing gateway dominating set by comparing the exclusive id of each node.However,there is only one gateway in the intersecting cluster and there is a couple of gateways in the neighborhood clusters.Simulation results show that the method can save the broadcast packets and reduce broadcast delay effectively in the case of guaranteeing the network connectivity.
Meconium aspiration and other asphyxial disorders.

Although meconium can be present in the amniotic fluid in normal deliveries, aspiration of meconium into the lungs is usually a manifestation of fetal asphyxia. Consequently, newborn infants with meconium aspiration syndrome frequently have evidence of hypoxic damage in multiple systems. Common problems that may occur in infants who suffer moderate or severe perinatal asphyxia are described.
Biomedical Informatics for Anatomic Pathology

Biomedical informatics has made a deep impact in the overall workflow of the surgical pathology practice and has provided a variety of software tools that accelerate the overall turnaround time, cost effectiveness, and accuracy of information. Laboratory Information System functions as a single comprehensive piece of software managing laboratory workflow, reporting, and billing. Related technologies, such as digital imaging, whole slide imaging, voice recognition, telepathology, synoptic reporting, and use of the Internet, are also important in surgical pathology and will also be discussed in this chapter, because of their relevance to the development of biomedical informatics systems, and these important tools are evolving in parallel with these emerging technologies. These technologies are increasingly been used with the LIS workflow, particularly digital imaging tools. In this chapter, we will talk briefly about the software tools that have been adopted in surgical pathology practice over the last two decades.
Stratifying fibrinolytic dosing in pediatric parapneumonic effusion based on ultrasound grade correlation.

Complicated pleural effusion prolongs the hospital course of pneumonia. Chest tube placement with instillation of fibrinolytic medication allows efficient drain output and decreases hospital stay. To evaluate experience with lower fibrinolytic dose for parapneumonic effusions and to assess potential dose stratification based on a simple ultrasound grading system. We retrospectively reviewed the medical record to identify children and young adults who received fibrinolytic therapy for parapneumonic effusion and had chest tube placement by an interventional radiology service at a single children’s hospital. We assessed tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) dosing and treatment duration, as well as the need for a second pleural procedure or surgical drainage. Diagnostic US images were classified as showing less than 50% pleural echogenicity (grade 1) or greater than 50% pleural echogenicity (grade 2) and were correlated with clinical parameters. Of 32 patients with parapneumonic effusion, all except one received at least some 1-mg tPA doses. Dosing was solely 1-mg tPA in 81% of subjects; 19% of subjects also received 2-mg tPA doses. Mean fibrinolytic duration was 3.1 days for grade 1 effusions compared to 5.4 days for grade 2 effusions. A second pleural procedure was required in 15.6% of children. Pleural drainage with fibrinolytic therapy was successful in 97%; only one child required surgical drainage. Grade 2 US differed significantly from grade 1 US, with grade 2 occurring in younger patients (P < 0.0001), smaller patients (P < 0.0001), those needing a second procedure (P = 0.001), those with positive pleural culture or polymerase chain reaction test (P = 0.006), and those with longer treatment duration (P = 0.03). A lower 1-mg dosing regimen of tissue plasminogen activator was effective in all children with less complex (grade 1 US imaging) parapneumonic effusions. Grade 2 US images correlated with younger and smaller children, presence of a pleural organism, and longer or more complicated chest tube duration.
The Aging Overactive Bladder: A Review of Aging-Related Changes from the Brain to the Bladder.

To understand the current literature on age-related neural and detrusor changes associated with overactive bladder symptoms. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have unveiled an age-related decrease in the neural control of continence, represented in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Older individuals with overactive bladder symptoms also demonstrate heightened activation of the ACC with low volumes, representing increased bladder sensitivity or sense of urgency. At the level of the bladder, age-related changes in the urothelium, neurotransmitters/receptors (both muscarinic and purinergic), and inflammation (including nerve growth factor (NGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and oxidative stress) are also associated with overactive bladder. Overactive bladder among older adults is a complex condition incorporating physiologic age-related changes from the brain to the bladder and beyond.
Dosing strategies to optimize currently available anti-MRSA treatment options (Part 1: IV options).

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be a predominant pathogen resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Optimal dosing of anti-MRSA agents is needed to help prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance and to increase the likelihood of a favorable clinical outcome.Areas covered: This review summarizes the available data for antimicrobials routinely used for MRSA infections that are not administered orally or topically. We make recommendations and highlight the current gaps in the literature. A PubMed (1966 – Present) search was performed to identify relevant literature for this review.Expert commentary: Improvements in MIC determination and therapeutic drug monitoring are needed to fully implement individualized dosing that optimizes antimicrobial pharmacodynamics.Additional data will become available for these agents in regards to effectiveness for severe MRSA infections and pharmacokinetic data for special patient populations.
The Biology Major Capstone Experience: Measurements of Accountability.

Loras College senior biology and biology research majors are required to take a comprehensive exam, give an oral presentation, write this talk into their thesis and participate in an exit interview with a non-biology faculty member before they graduate. Details of these capstone experiences will be discussed further. Other capstone experiences that might be included were discussed such as a hands-on lab skill assessment test, a 1-2 year research experience, and making an e-portfolio to include a resume and class artifacts. Suggestions for other items to consider in a senior capstone experience are included.
The Biomechanical and Energetic Advantages of a Mediolaterally Wide Pelvis in Women

Here, we argue that two key shifts in thinking are required to more clearly understand the selection pressures shaping pelvis evolution in female hominins: (1) the primary locomotor mode of female hominins was loaded walking in the company of others, and (2) the periodic gait of human walking is most effectively explained as a biomechanically controlled process related to heel-strike collisions that is tuned for economy and stability by properly-timed motor inputs (a model called dynamic walking). In the light of these two frameworks, the evidence supports differences between female and male upper-pelvic morphology being the result of the unique reproductive role of female hominins, which involved moderately paced, loaded walking in groups. Anat Rec, 300:764-775, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electroabsorption Spectroscopy Studies of (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Multiple Quantum Wells

Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite multiple quantum wells that consist of multilayers of alternate organic and inorganic layers exhibit large exciton binding energies of order of 0.3 eV due to the dielectric confinement between the inorganic and organic layers. We have investigated the exciton characteristics of 2D butylammonium lead iodide, (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 using photoluminescence and UV–vis absorption in the temperature range of 10 K to 300 K, and electroabsorption spectroscopy. The evolution of an additional absorption/emission at low temperature indicates that this compound undergoes a phase transition at ≈250 K. We found that the electroabsorption spectrum of each structural phase contains contributions from both quantum confined exciton Stark effect and Franz–Keldysh oscillation of the continuum band, from which we could determine more accurately the 1s exciton, continuum band edge, and the exciton binding energy.
Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution Profile of Long Acting Tenofovir Alafenamide and Elvitegravir Loaded Nanoparticles in Humanized Mice Model.

Non-adherence to the antiretroviral (ARV) regimen is a critical factor in determining efficacy of ARV drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). A long-acting parenteral formulation may be an effective alternative to daily oral dosing. A pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of drug-loaded nanoparticle (NP) was performed in female humanized CD34+-NSG mice. Mice received 200 mg/kg each of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and elvitegravir (EVG) as free drugs (TAF + EVG solution) or as drug loaded NP (TAF + EVG NP) formulation by subcutaneous (SubQ) administration. Plasma and tissue were collected to determine tenofovir (TFV) and EVG concentrations using LC-MS/MS. Non-compartmental analysis was performed using WinNonlin. SubQ administration of TAF + EVG NP formulation resulted in long residence time and exposure for both drugs. The AUC(0-72h) of TFV and EVG was 14.1 ± 2.0, 7.2 ± 1.8 μg × hr./mL from drugs in solution (free) and the AUC(0-14day) for the same drugs was 23.1 ± 4.4, 39.7 ± 6.7 μg × hr./mL from NPs. The observed elimination half-life (t1/2) for TFV of free and NPs were 14.2 h, 5.1 days and for EVG 10.8 h, 3.3 days, respectively. This study documents that a TAF + EVG NP provides sustained release, which can overcome patient non-adherence to dosing and may facilitate prediction of appropriate protective drug concentration for HIV prophylaxis.
Shape-based object classification and recognition through continuum manipulation

We introduce a novel approach to shape-based object classification and recognition through the use of a continuum manipulator. Noticing the fact that when a continuum manipulator wraps around an object in a whole-arm grasping, its own shape is indicative of the shape of the object, our approach enables learning and recognition of object classes based on the shapes of continuum wraps. It offers the following advantages: (1) recognition of objects that are not easily detected by vision, such as transparent objects, and (2) highly efficient recognition of such objects of varied sizes due to high-level and rich shape information in each wrap, unlike recognition based on tactile sensing via conventional grasping. Simulation and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Context-Based Leisure Travel Facilitation Among People With Mobility Challenges: a Self-Determination Theory Approach

In response to the pressing need to psychologically empower people with mobility challenges (PwMC) to travel, this study proposes the facilitation of self-determined travel motivations as a promisi...
Participant Outcomes from Methods of Recruitment for Videogame Research.

Abstract Objective: The most productive methods of recruitment for a videogame for health (G4H) trial are not known. Success or failure of recruitment methods has been reported for a variety of clinical trials, but few specifically for G4H trials. This study's goal was to recruit 444 overweight or obese (body mass index percentile between the 84.5th–99.4th percentiles) children between the ages of 10–12 years. The article reports the results of different methods of participant recruitment. Materials and Methods: Participants had to agree to three fasting blood samples (baseline, immediately after, and 2 months later); be willing to wear an accelerometer for 7 days at each assessment; read and speak English fluently (because the games were in English); have no history of any condition that would affect what he/she could eat or how much physical activity he/she could get; and have an eligible home computer purchased in the last 5 years with high-speed internet. Hardware criteria reflected the types of compu...
Privileges, Justifications, and the Positive Law Model of the Fourth Amendment

Justice Gorsuch has recently shown considerable interest in what William Baude and James Stern call "The Positive Law Model of the Fourth Amendment." The model gives central effect to subconstitutional law in determining whether particular police activity constitutes a search or a seizure requiring Fourth Amendment justification. The model promises a solution to "third-party doctrine," which has long been criticized but seems increasingly problematic in a digital age. This brief comment explores how justifications in criminal law and privileges in tort law impact Baude and Stern's model. It concludes that justifications and privileges cause some difficulty for the model, particularly in the area of seizures, but that further elaboration of the model may address these difficulties.
A particle-based approach for topology estimation of gene networks

In this paper, an iterative particle-based method is proposed for topology estimation of gene networks. Using a particle filter for each gene expression, the connections among genes and the gene expressions are modeled by random measures. The probabilities of the possible topologies are computed using only estimates of gene expressions which allow for proposals of new topologies in an iterative manner. The resampling step of particle filtering eliminates the topologies with smaller weights and improves the results. The algorithm is compared with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. The simulation results of the proposed method show better performance in capturing the interactions among genes.
Friction and adhesion control between adsorbed layers of polyelectrolyte brush-grafted nanoparticles via pH-triggered bridging interactions

Abstract Hypothesis Adsorption of polyelectrolyte brush-grafted nanoparticles (BGNPs) produces a heterogeneous interface with sub-monolayer surface coverage resulting from lateral electrostatic repulsions that limit packing. As a result, the interaction forces between opposing BGNP layers include an adhesive cross-surface BGNP-substrate bridging force that depends on the interparticle spacing, particle size, and strength of electrostatic interactions. We hypothesize that BGNPs with pH-responsive, annealed polyelectrolyte brushes can undergo controlled changes in surface area coverage through post-adsorption swelling or de-swelling into non-equilibrium layer conformations and that such changes in surface coverage can switch off or switch on particle intercalation, bridging attractions, and enhanced energy dissipation upon sliding. This work aims to characterize the nature of surface forces in heterogeneous BGNP adsorbed layers and to utilize pH-sensitive bridging forces as a mechanism to tune friction and adhesion. Experiments Colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) is used to measure normal and lateral forces between negatively charged silica surfaces with adsorbed pH-responsive cationic BGNPs. The BGNPs are poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) brush-grafted silica nanoparticles. Adhesion force and friction analysis is complemented by simultaneous quartz-crystal microbalance and ellipsometry measurements under conditions that render the particles strongly charged and swollen (acidic) or weakly charged and de-swollen (basic). Findings Adsorbed BGNPs can be swollen or de-swollen via pH rinses, enabling direct control of surface coverage and bridging interactions. Transitions from adhesive bridging contacts with high friction to non-adhesive contacts with low friction forces occur when adsorbed BGNP layers are switched from a de-swollen/weakly charged state to a swollen/highly charged state. The ability to controllably shift the character of normal and lateral forces via coverage-mediated bridging interactions is a unique feature of adsorbed nanoparticulate brush constructs and highlights their potential to condition surfaces with additional functionality compared to dense, planar homopolymer brushes.
Two-, three-, and four-breed rotational crossbreeding of beef cattle : carcass traits

Carcass data from 1,494 straightbred and rotational crossbred steers were collected over four generations. Mating systems included straightbreds (Angus (AI, Brahman (BI, Charolais (CI, and Hereford (HI); two-breed rota- tions (A-B, C-B, and H-B); three-breed rotations (A- B-C, A-B-H, and B-C-H); and a four-breed rotation (A-B-C-HI. Steers were randomly allocated to one of four postweaning treatments that varied in length of grazing and feeding periods. Treatment and breed group (four straightbreds and seven rotational combinations) significantly influenced hot carcass weight (HCWT), retail yield (RY), longissimus muscle area (LM), fat thickness (FT), marbling score (MS), USDA quality grade (QG), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS). Feeding for longer periods resulted in greater (P < .05) HCWT, RY, FT, and MS, higher QG, and lower (P < .05) WBS values. Among the straightbreds, C was heavier and larger for HCWT, RY, and LM (P < .Oil, whereas A and H had greater (P < .01) FT and MS. The B was similar to H for HCWT, RY, and LM and to C for FT but ranked last (P < .01) for MS and WBS. Three- and four-breed rotational mating systems were superior (P < .05) to the two- breed rotation for HCWT, RY, and LM but were similar for FT, MS, and WBS. Rotational combina- tions exceeded (P < .05) the straightbreds for all carcass traits except MS.
Reversible Markov Processes

This whole chapter is devoted to Markov processes that are reversible. The emphasis is on the restoration of quantitative results that were lost in Chap. 4 when Doeblin’s condition was not present. The chapter concludes with the application of these results to the simulated annealing algorithm.
Stable Distributed Adaptive Systems for Control of Linear Multiagent Systems in the Presence of Heterogeneous Actuator Dynamics and Unknown Parameters

One of the fundamental problems in control design for multiagent systems is the ability of the controlled system to guarantee stability and performance with respect to often nonidentical (e.g., slow and fast) agent actuation capabilities and unknown parameters in agent dynamics resulting from the lack of excessive modeling efforts for such low-cost platforms. Motivated from this standpoint, this paper addresses control synthesis and stability verification for linear time-invariant multiagent systems with heterogeneous actuator dynamics and system uncertainties. We propose a distributed adaptive control architecture in a leader-follower setting for this class of multi-agent systems based on a hedging method, where this method provides correct adaptation when a stability condition based on linear matrix inequalities holds. This condition also reveals the fundamental tradeoff between heterogeneous agent actuation capabilities and unknown parameters in agent dynamics.
On the Construction of two Dimensional Spatial Varying fir Filter Banks with Perfect Reconstruction

To construct multidimensional spatial-varying filter banks, a trivial way is to use tensor product of time-varying filter banks, i.e., separable spatial-varying filter banks. However, nonseparable filter banks for multidimensional signals are desired in many applications, such as, subband coding. In this paper, we present a systematic method to construct two dimensional spatial-varying filter banks with perfect reconstruction property from arbitrary two dimensional separable or nonseparable perfect reconstruction FIR filter banks on different rectangular regions, where overlaps between neighboring regions are designed to eliminate the blocking effects.
Performance-Based and Aging-Aware Resource Allocation for Concurrent GPU Applications

GPUs are an important part in the effort to overcome performance thresholds and unlock the true potential of computing as they offer increased computational capabilities and are cost efficient. Until now, GPUs are designed to execute one application at a time so the field of concurrent GPU applications is not exhaustively explored. When multiple applications that belong to different types, e.g., compute or memory intensive, are executed on the same platform concurrently, significant performance degradation and imbalances in terms of component aging may occur. These imbalances can lead to weak system reliability, further performance degradation and acceleration of failure time. In this paper, we propose a resource allocating algorithm that mitigates the aging imbalances without inserting overhead during the execution, limiting aging imbalance among Streaming Multiprocessors (SMs) to a standard deviation of 0.4%. Additionally, the proposed algorithm improves SM allocation for each application, achieving up to 33% higher throughput.
Special Needs of Aboriginals in the Teaching of Reading.

Success in teaching reading does not depend simply on materials and schemes. Locked into our own cultural norms as we are, we may overlook other fundamental influences. The reason why some children take longer to talk to you is because they want to know you properly before they start talking. I know white people talk a lot to each other before they know each other properly. (Ungunmerr 1976, p.4)
Introduction to the Special Issue on Moral Injury: Conceptual Challenges, Methodological Issues, and Clinical Applications

This article introduces a special issue of the Journal of Traumatic Stress devoted to new directions in the study of moral injury (MI), defined as transgressive harms and the outcomes of those experiences. Although a significant body of research has emerged devoted to the study of the MI construct, a number of conceptual and empirical challenges have arisen; these are summarized and discussed in the present article. In addition, this article proposes ways of overcoming these challenges in order to further research and clinical practice in the field. We then go on to introduce the content and themes of the present collection of articles in this special issue, all of which provide examples of some of the most innovative and forward-looking work on the topic and expand into new conceptual frameworks, new methods of investigation, and new populations and contexts.