cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Literacies of Distinction: (Dis)Empowerment in Social Movements

Abstract Social movements often organise activities around the use of written forms. Yet these literacy events and practices have received little attention for the roles they play in effecting social, cultural and political change. In this article we argue that literacy activities should be analysed for their centrality to the formation of new identities, for their inclusionary/exclusionary effects and for their power to imagine and evoke liberatory worlds. We apply these concepts to an ethnographic study of women's activism in Nepal in the early 1990s, a time when female students, preparing for the annual women's Tij festival, were first beginning to use their literacy skills to record the Tij songs they were creating and copying from newly available Tij songbooks. In our multi-year study of the festival, we found that these new literacy practices, especially their ties to the epistemology of the newly popular political songs, were inadvertently introducing a social distinction that empowered ‘educated’ ...
The role of status in evaluating research: the case of data editing

Abstract Cleaning and editing apparently illogical, or seemingly incorrect, data is a ubiquitous research practice. But a lack of formal guidance in this realm of research may promote reliance on colleagues’ knowledge and on information from the situation at hand, such as status considerations. To investigate the extent to which status considerations influence sociological research practice, I conducted a survey-based experiment using hypothetical vignettes. A sample of sociologists was asked to respond to a hypothetical vignette depicting a researcher’s encounter with apparently messy data and a proposed editing strategy. The vignettes controlled for all variables except one—the status of the hypothetical researcher—and one vignette was randomly assigned to each sociologist. I find that status considerations are relevant to sociological research. Researchers judge the same data cleaning strategy more stringently when a graduate student, rather than a professor, proposes the strategy. Implications of these findings for the objectivity and universality of sociological research practice are discussed.
Non-compaction visualization using ECG-gated dual-source CT

We present a case of a 65 year-old woman examined with the new dual-source Computed Tomography scanner for coronary disease that demonstrates for the first time the imaging characteristics of non-compaction by this modality.
On the representatation of orientation space

New sets of variables are studied which should lead to significantly improved numerical stability and efficiency for computer stimulation studies of rigid classical molecules. The search for these new variables is made by finding variables which lead to the simplest (i.e. euclidean) expressions for the metric tensor of orientation space. It is shown that the intuitively defined Lattman metric [1] is a scalar multiple of the metric tensor which arises naturally from the Jacobi formulation of the action principle for spherical tops. It is then shown that Euler's quaternion parameters lead to a euclidean form for the orientation metric. These parameters lead to many associated simplifications in the equations of motion of classical rigid bodies including the removal of singularities and spurious behaviour near θ = 0. It is felt that these benefits will translate into increased accuracy and efficiency both for numerical integration of the equations of motion and for performing Monte Carlo integrations of phas...
Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index in optical fiber by the cross-phase-modulation method with depolarized pump light.

Depolarized pump light is used in measurements of the nonlinear refractive index, n2, in optical fiber by the cross-phase-modulation method. High measurement repeatability within ±1% is obtained by this method. The nonlinear refractive index is determined for dispersion-shifted fiber, standard single-mode fiber, pure silica-core single-mode fiber, and dispersion-compensating fiber as 3.35 × 10−20, 2.96 × 10−20, 2.79 × 10−20, and 4.44 × 10−20 m2/W, respectively, at 1.55 μm. This shows that the nonlinear refractive indices of the optical fibers differ greatly according to glass composition.
Diblock copolymer surfactants in immiscible homopolymer blends : Swollen micelles and interfacial tension

We consider the effect of micellization upon the equilibrium macroscopic interfacial tension between A- and B-rich phases in a ternary mixture of immiscible A and B homopolymer with an AB diblock copolymer surfactant, for systems in which spherical micelles can form in the A-rich phase. Self-consistent field theory (SCFT) has been utilized to calculate the critical micelle concentrations (cmc's) and macroscopic interfacial tensions. The behavior of the systems of nearly balanced copolymers, which tend to form highly swollen micelles, is discussed within the context of the Helfrich theory of bending elasticity, using elastic constants obtained from SCFT simulations of weakly curved monolayers.
Chlorphentermine uptake by rabbit lung slices.

Slices of rabbit lung tissue (approximately 150 mg; 0.5 mm) were incubated in 5 ml of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer, in the presence of 0.25 mM [14C]chlorphentermine (CP) with shaking at 37 degrees C and under an atmosphere of an O2/CO2 mixture (95 : 5). Incubation medium (M) and tissue (T) were analyzed for radioactivity. Uptake of CP reached a plateau after 30 min at a T/M ratio of 20. Upon varying the concentration of [14C]CP from 0.125 mM to 2 mM, the concentration-response curve was seen to saturate and the T/M ratio decreased with increasing concentration. Substituting LiCl for NaCl or increasing the K+ content in the medium decreased CP uptake. Incubation of slices with Na+-pump inhibitors, harmaline and iodoacetate, significantly decreased CP uptake. Chloroamphetamine, desimipramine, imipramine, morphine, chlorpromazine, dieldrin, methadone, amphetamine (each at 1 mM) and incubation at 10 degrees C inhibited CP uptake. Imipramine and amphetamine were both effective in displacing previously accumulated CP from the tissue slices. Efflux of CP from the lung slices was biphasic and was not affected by removal of Na+ from the medium. Binding of CP to lung homogenate was unaffected by substituting LiCl for NaCl or by the presence of 1 mM iodoacetate. However, 1 mM harmaline or 1 mM imipramine decreased CP binding. These studies offer evidence for a partially Na+-dependent, active uptake process for pulmonary sequestration of CP compatible with earlier findings obtained with perfused intact lung preparations.
Age at sexual maturity and its relationship to longevity in the male annual cyprinodont fish, nothobranchius guentheri

Abstract Aging was studied in the male, annual Cyprinodont fish, from East Africa, Nothobranchius guentheri. Median life-span of the population was 14 months at 21–25°. It was observed that there was variability in the onset of sexual maturity. When the population was divided into early and late maturing fish, it was found that at 15 months of age, 100 per cent of the late maturing and 34 per cent of the early maturing fish were alive. While the factors determining the onset of sexual maturity are not yet apparent, the presence of subgroups of varying longevity within a relatively short-lived fish population may provide a model system for studying aspects of the aging process.
Home-School Relations and Continuity.

Elizabeth H. Brady Department of Educational Psychology California State University, Northridge Northridge, California John Meier, director, Office of Child Development, addressing the national meeting of Head Start personnel in New Orleans in spring, 1976, commented that Head Start is not compatible with the public educational system because of its strong parent involvement component (Day Care, 1976). The California Task Force on Early Childhood Education recommended: Parent involvement and parent education are essential elements of early childhood education .... In fact, parent involvement is so important that it should be required wherever feasible, although flexibility in this mater is necessary to allow for individual parent needs, desires and capabilities. Meaningful involvement of parents in the primary school program will undoubtedly include a wide range of functions and activities. Some parents may be engaged in studying and identifying community goals for their schools, while others may be participating regularly in classroom activities. Still others, through contracts with the school, may simply be developing an awareness of the importance of the school for their children. In the latter case, it is important that the school assume responsibility for helping parents become aware of the need for and the rewards of education (Riles, 1972, p. 11-12). Legislation implementing this report mandates that parents shall be involved in planning, implementing, evaluating and modifying the E.C.E. program (State of California, 1973). How does one reconcile this mandate with the opinion that schools cannot accommodate parent involvement? During the decade and more of Head Start, parent involvement in both decision making and work in the classroom with children has become accepted. Such involvement seems natural to early childhood educators familiar with the traditions of cooperative nursery schools, yet both the idea and the practice have been difficult for many public school personnel to accept. Lynd (1945) pointed out long ago that we tend in this country to live by conflicting assumptions; any attempt to understand our society must take into account these discrepencies and the resulting ambivalences.
Instructional techniques in alternative communication for students with severe intellectual handicaps

A series of investigations was conducted with three nonspeaking subjects with severe intellectual disabilities to teach use of a pictorial communication device. The interventions were preceded by assessments of the subjects' receptive language and matching abilities, as well as by assessments related to their leisure preferences and sensorimotor status. Individualized interventions based on the prompt-free strategy reported by Mirenda and Santogrossi (1985, Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 1, 143–150) were instituted with the subjects over a 6 week period. None of the subjects acquired the desired response as a result of the prompt-free intervention. One of the subjects acquired the desired communicative response after a “verbal prompt-free” modification was instituted. The results are discussed in terms of the preintervention assessment information and the instructional strategies employed.
Roots and Branches: Maria-Mercè Marçal and the Casa Elizalde Performances

During the springtimes of 1997 and 1998, a team of artists presented a series of performances in Barcelona's Casa Elizalde on the basis of women's artistic work in various fields, and a search for relevant women artists of the past. Poetry dominated, but there were also theater performances, music, and visual arts. Araceli Bruch, along with Marcal and others, organized these cycles of recitals, theater, music, and dance. Teamwork and collaboration, along with a search for literary and artistic roots, are the two axes of this body of work. I explore some of the connections in time and space described in these works, all attempts at filling the apparent vacuum of foremothers that Marcal called a literary «orfanesa de mare.» The writers I discuss include some of Catalonia's finest, such as Maria-Antonia Salva and Caterina Albert, but also many from other cultures who represent cross-influences, friendships, and mentoring.
Cecal diverticulitis as a continuing diagnostic and management dilemma: a report of two cases in children

Right-sided diverticulitis remains an exceedingly rare condition in the pediatric population. The clinical presentation mimics acute appendicitis, and the correct diagnosis is often difficult to make prior to operative exploration. We report two cases of cecal diverticulitis, and discuss the diagnosis and management of this disease, with a review of the literature.
Elastometric Sensing Using Higher Flexural Modes of Microcantilevers

We present a method to detect the non-uniform elastic property changes of sensor coatings on microcantilever arrays due to radiation, analyte binding or adsorption. The method uses measurements of the resonance frequencies of higher order flexural modes to identify with high sensitivity the location and magnitude of non-uniform elasticity changes in a microcantilever coating. We validate theoretical predictions and demonstrate the method by monitoring the time evolution of resonance frequencies of different flexural modes of microcantilevers functionalized with a small drop of a photosensitive polymer as it is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The method is particularly well-suited for measuring quantitatively the time varying elastic properties of thin films or biological materials attached to microcantilevers.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Physiological Correlates of HIV-Related Fatigue:

Our primary aim is to describe the relationship of multiple physiological variables and HIV-related fatigue. We report baseline data collected from 128 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. The HIV-Related Fatigue Scale was used to measure several aspects of fatigue. Blood was drawn for the following physiological variables: hepatic function, thyroid function, HIV viral load, immunologic function, gonadal function, hematologic function, serum cortisol, and cellular injury. In bivariable analyses, free testosterone (p = 0.03) and CD8 (p = 0.07) were negatively correlated with fatigue intensity, and nonlinear relationships were observed between fatigue intensity and total testosterone (p = 0.02), thyroxine (p = 0.01), hematocrit (p = 0.06), and total bilirubin (p = 0.06). However, none of these associations persisted in multivariable models. It is possible that fatigue suffered by seropositive people is better predicted by other variables, which must be better understood to develop interv...
The Challenge of Integrating Informatics Training During Residency

This month’s issue continues the Journal ’s series on issues related to education and training in pathology and laboratory medicine.1 As the practice of medicine evolves and changes, so too must pathology and laboratory medicine. With new knowledge, new types of procedures and tests, and new technologies, the specialty and, consequently, the training programs responsible for producing the next generation of practitioners must continue to adapt. This is hard. Change is hard. This challenge is amplified by the sheer size of the domain we as pathologists aspire to master during training. The maturation of informatics as a defined discipline in the practice of medicine has had an ever-increasing impact on the practice of pathology and laboratory medicine. While the recent decision to make the practice of medical informatics a board-certified specialty might have added a certain level of legitimacy for individuals who have dedicated themselves to informatics, the true benefits of applied informatics for pathology rest in the ability to integrate these concepts and technologies with the core components of the domain. Our specialty has been at the forefront of this transformation because of the dedication and revolutionary spirit of those who chose to pursue it in the past. While these pioneers have advocated for the inclusion of informatics training for nearly 30 years, it is clear that significant challenges remain regarding the exact composition of competencies required by pathologist trainees in informatics and exactly how to integrate this training into the current training paradigm.2,3 In this issue of the Journal , Rao and Gilbertson1 identify a major impediment to the training of residents in informatics as the incongruity between the duration of dedicated time allotted (a typical residency rotation) for informatics training and the cadence by which real-world informatics projects progress to completion. They …
Enabling Smart Personalized Healthcare: A Hybrid Mobile-Cloud Approach for ECG Telemonitoring

The severe challenges of the skyrocketing healthcare expenditure and the fast aging population highlight the needs for innovative solutions supporting more accurate, affordable, flexible, and personalized medical diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances of mobile technologies have made mobile devices a promising tool to manage patients' own health status through services like telemedicine. However, the inherent limitations of mobile devices make them less effective in computation- or data-intensive tasks such as medical monitoring. In this study, we propose a new hybrid mobile-cloud computational solution to enable more effective personalized medical monitoring. To demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed approach, we present a case study of mobile-cloud based electrocardiograph monitoring and analysis and develop a mobile-cloud prototype. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can significantly enhance the conventional mobile-based medical monitoring in terms of diagnostic accuracy, execution efficiency, and energy efficiency, and holds the potential in addressing future large-scale data analysis in personalized healthcare.
Parallel processing and trusted database management systems

This paper applies parallel processing technology to database security technology and vice versa. We first describe the issues involved in incorporating multilevel security into parallel database management systems. In particular, we describe how multilevel security could be incorporated into the GAMMA architecture. Then we describe the use of parallel architectures to perform trusted database management system functions. In particular, we describe security constraint processing in trusted database management systems and show how parallel processing could enhance the performance of this function.
Kuru: memories of the NIH years.

I was very pleased and honoured when John Collinge and Michael Alpers invited me to share personal recollections about research on kuru and related diseases during the more than 25 years I spent at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Such reminiscences must be impossibly arbitrary and awkwardly
Is Usage of a Wellness Center Associated With Improved Quality of Life

Abstract Purpose. There is limited documentation regarding the potential quality of life (QOL) benefits associated with use of a worksite wellness center. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between potential QOL change and use of a worksite wellness center during a 12-month period. Design. Analysis of an annual QOL wellness center member survey and wellness center use during a 12-month time period. Setting. A worksite wellness center. Participants. A total of 1151 employee wellness center members, average age of 39.5 years, 69.7% female, and 43.5% reported being overweight. Intervention. Members of the worksite wellness center have access to a range of fitness options, including exercise classes, water aerobics, an indoor track, strength training, and aerobic conditioning equipment. Additionally, nutritional classes are offered, and there is a wellness cafe. For resiliency, members can participate in wellness coaching or a stress-reduction group program. Method. Participants ...
27. Interleukin-1-R1 restore: A powerful genetic model for studying cell type-specific interleukin-1 mediated central nervous system effects

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) can contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous CNS disorders. Previous studies have shown IL-1 exerts distinct actions on different cell types within the brain. The diverse actions of IL-1 are mediated by receptors produced by a signal IL-1R1 gene; but the expression of IL-1R1 in different cell types are known to mediate different effects via distinct signal transduction pathways. Therefore, determining the specific cell type which contributes to a given IL-1-induced CNS behavioral effect is a critical step in identifying the related cellular signaling pathway. Thus far, there is no animal model to precisely dissect cell type specific IL-1 actions. In this study, we created a novel genetic mouse model that selectively expresses functional IL-1R1 on defined cell types under its endogenous promoters. We termed this mouse line IL-1R1-restore (IL-1R1r). Genotyping and southern blot results showed that a double knockin IL-1R1 allele is generated in the IL-1R1 locus. The expressed IL-1R1 can now be monitored by a 3HA tag in this mouse model when IL-1R1 is expressed in the designed cell type. Selective expression of IL-1R1 in specific cell types can be achieved by mating IL-1R1r with cell type specific Cre lines. This animal model will be useful to study the cell type specific actions of IL-1.
Kabbalah in a Literary Key: Mystical Motifs in Zechariah Aldāhirī's Sefer hamusar

Zechariah Aldāhirī's maqāma collection, Sefer hamusar (Yemen, c. 1580), is a literary work modeled on the Arabic Maqāmāt of al-Harīrī and the Hebrew Tahkemoni of Alharizi. Although largely fictional in nature, the work offers intriguing evidence of the transmission of kabbalistic thought to Yemen in the sixteenth century. This paper argues that Aldāhirī exploited the text's lighthearted belletristic framework to bring kabbalistic theosophy, literature, and liturgical customs to the attention of a largely uninitiated public in Yemen. But Aldāhirī also conveys an ambivalence towards his project when he parodies the new taste for kabbalistic learning by embedding mystical ideas in complex narratives.
Direct and generalized effects of three components of stress inoculation for increased pain tolerance

The relative contribution of therapists' inclusion of relaxation training, instruction in cognitive coping skills, and exposure to a stressor in the practice of Stress Inoculation were studied in a factorial design for treating pain tolerance in college students. Each of these components was associated with increased tolerance for the stressor used in training, although the interaction of relaxation and exposure to stress led to the main effects for those two components. None of these effects generalized to a second stressor unavailable during training.
Studies of bromouracil deoxyriboside substitution in DNA of bean roots (Vicia faba).

Abstract Bean roots were grown in solutions containing BUdR ‡ and an inhibitor of thymidylate synthesis. After various intervals DNA was extracted and analyzed by centrifugation in cesium chloride gradients. DNA of hybrid density increased in amount during the first replication cycle. After some cells had entered the second replication cycle in BUdR, fully substituted DNA appeared as predicted on the basis of semi-conservative replication. However, in all preparations from roots grown in BUdR, a relatively large proportion of the BUdR was incorporated into what appears to be partially substituted chains. The DNA containing this BU banded in a bimodal distribution which indicated a density only a little higher than unsubstituted DNA. After a period of growth in BUdR followed by incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine, the thymidine was added almost exclusively to the partially substituted fractions of DNA. When limited substitution of BUdR occurred without an inhibitor for thymidylate synthesis, the incorporation was almost exclusively into these bimodally distributed fractions. No hybrid with a fully substituted chain was produced under the latter conditions.
Generalized neuron: Feedforward and recurrent architectures

Feedforward neural networks such as multilayer perceptrons (MLP) and recurrent neural networks are widely used for pattern classification, nonlinear function approximation, density estimation and time series prediction. A large number of neurons are usually required to perform these tasks accurately, which makes the MLPs less attractive for computational implementations on resource constrained hardware platforms. This paper highlights the benefits of feedforward and recurrent forms of a compact neural architecture called generalized neuron (GN). This paper demonstrates that GN and recurrent GN (RGN) can perform good classification, nonlinear function approximation, density estimation and chaotic time series prediction. Due to two aggregation functions and two activation functions, GN exhibits resilience to the nonlinearities of complex problems. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed as the training algorithm for GN and RGN. Due to a small number of trainable parameters, GN and RGN require less memory and computational resources. Thus, these structures are attractive choices for fast implementations on resource constrained hardware platforms.
Recovery of EDTA from Power Plant Boiler Chemical Cleaning Wastewater

The deposition of iron oxides, metallic copper, and other impurities on boiler tube surfaces causes loss of heat transfer efficiency at electrical power plants. Hence, the tubes are cleaned every 3–5 years in order to restore the heat transfer efficiency. Chelating agents, mainly ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and its salts, have been extensively used for the removal of metal deposits from the boiler tube surfaces. Consequently, the boiler chemical cleaning wastewater (BCCW) contains large amounts of iron, copper, and chelating agents. An electrochemical reduction process that reduces metal ions to their elemental state is tested and evaluated in order to provide the potential option to recover EDTA for reuse from power plant BCCW. Results from controlled direct current electrolysis experiments show that the electroreduction process can successfully remove metal ions from the synthetic solution and field BCCW samples and can deposit elemental metals on the cathodic plate. At a current density of 15.5 ...
Antibiotic studies on beta hemolytic streptococci: VII. Acquired in vitro resistance to bacitracin.

Summary1. The bacitracin sensitivity range of 276 strains of groups A, B and C hemolytic streptococci was 0.003 to 1 unit/ml. 2. Bacitracin resistance was induced in 23 strains of groups A, B, and C streptococci by 40 serial transfers on bacitracin-agar. The increase in resistance ranged from 8-fold in a group A to 3,750-fold in a group B organism. The median fold increase in resistance was comparable for all 3 groups. 3. Serial transfers on control media, passages through normal mice and storage at 4°C partially or completely restored the bacitracin sensitivity to all resistant variants. 4. Mouse virulence was decreased in 7 of 9 strains. It was restored in 6 of the 7 strains by subsequent passages in normal mice. 5. Group specificity was lost in 3 of 7 group B strains after induced resistance. 6. Growth on sub-inhibitory concentrations of bacitracin stimulated transient conversion from beta to alpha hemolysis in most strains studied. 7. The streptolysin “S” titre was decreased in 2 of 3 resistant varian...
Further results in the derivation of the general equations of elastic shells

Abstract In a previous paper, a rigorous derivation of the general equations of elastic shells was given in which the entire boundary-value problem of shell theory under the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis was recast in terms of symmetric strain measures and symmetric resultants. Here the previous derivation is supplemented and modified in a manner which leads to an effective simplification of the field equations. These results are still exact under the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis and, except when considering a first approximation to the constitutive equations, do not involve other assumptions or approximations. A first approximation to the constitutive relations is deduced by further invoking the so-called thinness assumption and the question of a satisfactory bending theory of shells is briefly discussed.
Dosing, administration, and a treatment algorithm for use of botulinum toxin A for adult‐onset spasticity

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for focal or segmental muscle overactivity, including spasticity. Local injections of BTX-A are particularly valuable in relieving focal spasticity around a joint or a series of joints. When integrated into an overall spasticity treatment plan with clearly outlined functional goals, BTX-A may offer significant benefits to the appropriately selected adult or pediatric patient. A range of clinical outcome measures are used to evaluate the patient prior to injection. Initial dosing guidelines are offered, though each patient may have a unique drug response profile and set of modifying factors that will be used as a basis for dose adjustments. Clinical benefit usually lasts for approximately 12 weeks, though in some patients the duration of effect may be longer. Assessment of the patient's clinical and functional status is performed at each follow-up appointment, and the contribution of BTX therapy to the goals of the patient and caregiver are evaluated. Other therapeutic options should be considered where appropriate, and the treatment plan revised when necessary. Guidelines for dilution, handling, and office procedure are offered.
Titration by h2 and 02 of bare or covered pt surfaces followed by 129Xe NMR

Diffusion of H{sub 2} and O{sub 2} into the pores of pellets made from Pt/{gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} powders, chemisorption of H{sub 2} or O{sub 2} with O or H, respectively, prechemisorbed on Pt have been studied by {sup 129}Xe NMR. Information on the distribution of chemisorbed species along the pores has been obtained by observing one to two NMR peaks and recording their chemical shifts. In this manner, competition between diffusion and reaction can be followed by {sup 129}Xe NMR under reaction conditions.
Bonding, degradation, and environmental effects on novel perfluoropolyether lubricants

Abstract Tribological properties of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants with different end groups, applied on Si(1 0 0) substrate, are investigated. The PFPE lubricant with two hydroxyl groups at each end of the molecular chain (Z-TETRAOL) and another lubricant with a hydroxyl group at one end and a cyclotriphosphazene group at the other end, respectively (A20H) (used by itself and mixed with Z-DOL) are studied and compared with conventional PFPE lubricant with one hydroxyl group at each end (Z-DOL). The thermal bonding in terms of thickness of the lubricants is investigated using an ellipsometer. For the first time, the degradation of the lubricants is investigated using a mass spectrometer in high vacuum. The environmental effects on the lubricants are studied in high vacuum, in argon, and in air with various humidity levels. It was found that the durability of Z-TETRAOL, A20H, and Z-DOL + A20H is better than that of Z-DOL in various environments.
Updated Treatment Guidelines for Gonorrhea Infections

Gonorrhea is the second most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States. It continues to be a major cause of morbidity for women and has been linked to infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revised the current treatment guidelines for gonorrhea in response to the rising rates of antibiotic resistance. This column will discuss the new guidelines, including the rationale for the change as well as nursing implications to support timely and effective treatment of gonorrhea.
Adolescents with psychiatric disorders and the risk of HIV.

ABSTRACT Objective To review literature relevant to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated risk behaviors among adolescents with psychiatric disorders and psychological influences on risk behaviors. Method This report is based on review of 66 articles, which comprise all of the relevant literature in the English language. Results Although the seroprevalence of HIV in adolescents with psychiatric disorders is unknown, studies indicate that adolescents with psychiatric disorders are at greater risk than their peers because of increased rates of unsafe sexual practices, impulsivity, self-destructive attitudes, cognitive immaturity, high rates of substance use, self-cutting behavior, and the sequelae of sexual abuse. Conclusion Directions are proposed for the design of developmentally appropriate, clinically oriented HIV prevention interventions based on the relationships between psychological dysfunction, social stressors, and HIV risk behaviors.
Toward the Understanding of Flow-Induced Vibrations in a Rocket-Engine Manifold

Results from two unsteady, turbulent flow computations using a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy-simulation turbulence model are presented. One computation deals with flow in a complex rocket-engine cooling manifold and the other with a simpler T-junction flow. Results from the T-junction flow computations show that, for a for a critical flow velocity in the side branches, an acoustic resonance is excited. The reduced velocity at resonance was found to be in the range 1.5 to 1.7, which is in good agreement with experimental measurements. In addition, the pressure profile exhibits a node on the axis of the T junction with antinodes of opposite signs in the side branches. For the rocket-engine cooling manifold, results show that vortex shedding and pressure fluctuations within the manifold significantly influence the stability of shear layers and flow through exit cooling tubes. In some cooling tubes near the inflow region, the shear layer blocks the entrance to the tubes, whereas in some ot...
Synthesis and secretion of hepatitis B middle surface antigen by the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha.

Abstract The methylotrophic yeast, Hansenula polymorpha, has been developed as a host system for the synthesis of heterologous proteins. The middle surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (preS2-HBsAg) has been synthesized under the control of a methanol-regulated promoter derived from the methanol oxidase-encoding gene. The synthesized preS2-HBsAg protein was found to be secreted outside the cell membrane into the periplasm and further excreted into the culture medium following permeabilization of the cell wall with β-1,3-glucanase (βGlu). Cell cultures treated with βGlu were able to continuously synthesize and secrete 22-nm particles of preS2-HBsAg into the medium for several days. The overall yield of antigen from treated cultures was found to be over threefold greater than that of untreated controls. The observation that complex supramolecular structures, such as the 22-nm particles of preS2-HBsAg, can be secreted by H. polymorpha and released into the medium, suggests the potential for these yeasts to be an alternative secretory host.
A High-frequency High-temperature Optical Strain/Displacement Gage

This paper describes an optical method for measuring strain or crack-opening displacement at high frequencies (20 kHz) and high temperatures (590°C) on a near-real-time basis. Two small reflective markers are placed on a smooth specimen or across a crack. When illuminated with a laser, interference fringes are generated; their motion can be monitored with photomultiplier tubes. The data acquisition system acquires 200 points per 50 microsecond cycle. These are processed, displayed, and stored at a rate of 25 Hz. Applications are in the general area of very high cycle (109 cycles or more) fatigue. Demonstration tests at 20 kHz at room temperature with a strain range of 0.45 percent and at 590°C with a range of 0.2 percent are presented along with room temperature displacements up to 0.7 µm across the center of a 1.4 mm long crack.
Studies in Red Blood Cell Preservation: 9. The Role of Glutamine in Red Cell Preservation

Previous studies have demonstrated that an additive solution containing ammonium chloride (NH4+) and phosphate (Pi) in addition to adenine, glucose and mannitol would support red blood cell (RBC) in vitro characteristics and in vivo 24-hour viability after storage for 9 weeks. The purpose of the present study was to determine if NH4+generated by the action of glutaminase on glutamine could be substituted for added NH4+salts. Packed RBCs were stored with equal volumes of adenine, glucose, mannitol, and citrate containing additive solutions with 10 mM glutamine (EAS 31) or with 10 mM glutamine and either 10 (EAS 36) or 20 mM (EAS 37) Pi. One aliquot was stored with Adsol®. The mean ATP levels of the RBCs stored in the glutamine plus phosphate EASs were 132 (10 mM Pi) and 144% (20 mM Pi) of the initial levels at 28 days, and at 84 days remained at 48 and 56%, respectively. The ATP levels of the RBC stored in Adsol were 105 and 25% at 28 and 84 days of storage, respectively. Percentage hemolysis and vesiculation was significantly lower (p<0.01) for RBCs stored in glutamine and glutamine plus phosphate as compared to RBCs stored in Adsol. The levels of NH4+were 22 to 34% higher in the EASs than in Adsol at the end of 84 days of storage, suggesting that glutamine is broken down by glutaminase to generate NH4+. The mean corpuscular volumes (MCVs) of RBCs in EASs 36 and 37 were substantially higher than in Adsol throughout the course of storage (p<0.01). However, the MCVs in the additive containing glutamine and no Pi were higher only for 42 days.
A time-dependent free boundary problem modeling the visual image in electrophotography

The formation of a visual image in electrophotography can be modeled as a time-dependent free boundary problem. The electric potential &-u satisfies Δu=1 in the toner region and Δu=0 outside this region, whereas on the interface (which is a moving boundary)-∂u/∂N=velocity of the interface, N being the outward normal to the toner region. It is proved that this problem has a smooth solution for a small time interval; furthermore, for a certain version of the free boundary condition, the solution is unique.
The role of labour cost in the location choices of Japanese investors in China

. This article attempts to reconcile previous conflicting findings about the effects of labour cost on the location decisions of foreign investors in China. A conditional logit model is calibrated with its compatible disaggregated firm-level Japanese FDI data. It is hypothesised that previous counter-intuitively positive relationships between labour cost and incoming FDI in China may result from the failures to properly control spatial inflation differentials, labour quality, and quality of life. A Hausman-McFadden test is also conducted to test the robustness of the calibrated models.
ON A CLASS OF VIRTUAL KNOTS WITH UNIT JONES POLYNOMIAL

A collection of nontrivial virtual knots with unit Jones polynomial, obtained by virtualizing a single crossing of a knot diagram, contains no classical knots.
Comparing Drug-Drug Interaction Severity Ratings between Bedside Clinicians and Proprietary Databases

Purpose. The purpose of this project was to compare DDI severity for clinician opinion in the context of the patient’s clinical status to the severity of proprietary databases. Methods. This was a single-center, prospective evaluation of DDIs at a large, tertiary care academic medical center in a 10-bed cardiac intensive care unit (CCU). A pharmacist identified DDIs using two proprietary databases. The physicians and pharmacists caring for the patients evaluated the DDIs for severity while incorporating their clinical knowledge of the patient. Results. A total of 61 patients were included in the evaluation and experienced 769 DDIs. The most common DDIs included: aspirin/clopidogrel, aspirin/insulin, and aspirin/furosemide. Pharmacists ranked the DDIs identically 73.8% of the time, compared to the physicians who agreed 42.2% of the time. Pharmacists agreed with the more severe proprietary database scores for 14.8% of DDIs versus physicians at 7.3%. Overall, clinicians agreed with the proprietary database 20.6% of the time while clinicians ranked the DDIs lower than the database 77.3% of the time. Conclusions. Proprietary DDI databases generally label DDIs with a higher severity rating than bedside clinicians. Developing a DDI knowledgebase for CDSS requires consideration of the severity information source and should include the clinician.
Mathematical analysis and test of an electrostatically actuated micro-power relay

This paper reports a mathematical and experimental study on a micro-relay for power applications. The relay is microfabricated using UV-LIGA and electrostatically actuated. The relay was uniquely designed with all major components made of metals except two polymer strips which serve as both mechanical connectors and electrical insulators. The utilization of UV-LIGA fabrication technologies helps to achieve high aspect ratio metal structures in the relay, which helps to achieve high power capacity. Both the static and dynamic characteristics of the prototype relay have been studied. The performances of the prototype relay agreed very with those predicted using mathematical models. The prototype relay was found to be able to operate in a control voltage lower than 18 V and carry a current of 5 A. The prototype relay operated over 106 cycles without any degradation. In addition, the response time of a relay was 3.2–3.5 ms in the “on” operation and 7.9–14.3 ms during the “off” operation.
Coronary flow reserve correlates with right ventricular dysfunction and predicts right heart failure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Figure 1 ROI Placement and Flow-Time-Curves. Phase contract MRI images of the CSF for a patient with scleroderma-associated PAH (mPAP 49 mmHg) during rest (top row: A, B) and adenosine-induced stress (bottom row: D, E). The red ROI is drawn around the coronary sinus, the blue ROI is placed in adjacent myocardium to correct for through-plane motion. The flow-time curves (C, F) demonstrate that net CSF increased only slightly from rest (0.86 ml/min/g) to stress (1.32 ml/min/g), resulting in a CFR of 1.53. Correspondingly, there is only little change in the diameter of and flow signal within the coronary sinus.
Overexpression of a C-Terminal Portion of the β-Amyloid Precursor Protein in Mouse Brains by Transplantation of Transformed Neuronal Cells

The role of beta-amyloid protein and its precursor protein is a central question in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We have established several transformants from a mouse embryonic carcinoma cell line, which overproduce a C-terminal region of the beta-amyloid precursor protein from the integrated DNA constructs. These stable transformants degenerated to varying extents when undergoing neural differentiation mediated by retinoic acid. To test the neurotoxicity and the amyloidogenicity of the transgene product and its proteolytic derivatives in vivo, two stable transformants were neuronally differentiated and transplanted into the hippocampal regions of syngeneic mice. Similarly, either a nontransformant or a transformant bearing a cDNA construct for yeast major apurinic endonuclease was transplanted to the contralateral regions of the same mice. Three weeks after transplantation, grafts were identified around needle tracts or in hippocampal regions. The regions where transformants overproducing the C-terminal region were grafted were highly reactive to antibodies raised against beta-amyloid protein and its precursor protein, in contrast to the contralateral regions. At 2 and 5 months after neurotransplantation, remarkable distortion and shrinkage characterized the hippocampus on the sides injected with the transformants overproducing the C-terminal region. This shrinkage was associated particularly with a loss of the hippocampal granule cells. beta-Amyloid protein immunoreactive granular deposits in the neuropil were also found in the same sides. Hippocampal blood vessel walls were also stained with the antibodies. These walls were surrounded by astrocytic processes, suggesting involvement of astroglial cells in vascular deposits of beta-amyloid protein. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the C-terminal region or its derivatives are neurotoxic and amyloidogenic.
Adults in All Body Mass Index Categories Underestimate Daily Energy Requirements

Abstract Objective To compare the difference between self-reported and calculated daily energy requirements of adults within different body mass index (BMI) categories. Methods Adults (n = 978) self-reported daily energy requirements, demographic information, and height, weight, age, and physical activity level (PAL) to calculate total energy expenditure. Results The main effects of BMI, gender, PAL, and dieting status on the difference between self-reported and calculated energy requirements for weight maintenance were significant ( P Conclusions and Implications There is a lack of basic nutrition knowledge about personal energy needs in individuals across all BMI categories regardless of age, race/ethnicity, level of education, or work/training in a health-related field.
A comparison of two single-item screeners for hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder.

Background: There is increasing interest in and physician support for the use of single-item screeners for problem drinking. Methods: In a representative sample of U.S. adults (n = 43,093) and within selected subgroups, past-year frequency of drinking 5+/4+ drinks and maximum drinks consumed on any day were evaluated as screeners for past-year alcohol dependence, any alcohol use disorder (AUD), and any AUD or hazardous drinking, using standard measures of screening performance. AUDs were defined according to DSM-IV criteria. Hazardous drinking was defined as consuming >14 drinks/wk or 5+ drinks on any day for men and >7 drinks/wk or 4+ drinks on any day for women. Results: Optimal cutpoints for both screeners varied across population subgroups, and these variations should be taken into account in order to maximize screening performance. At the optimal cutpoints for the total population, the sensitivity and specificity of maximum drinks were 89% and 82% for dependence at >/=5 drinks, 90% and 79% for any AUD at >/=4 drinks, and 90% and 96% for any AUD or hazardous drinking at >/=4 drinks. Comparable values of sensitivity and specificity for 5+/4+ frequency were 90% and 83% at >/=3 times a year, 87% and 82% at >/=once a year, and 88% and 100% at >/=once a year, respectively. Specificity was lower when only past-year drinkers were considered. The 5+/4+ frequency screener yielded fairly low sensitivity in predicting alcohol problems among the elderly and among Blacks. Results supported a past-year reference period for frequency of 5+/4+ drinks and substantiated gender- and age-specific thresholds for defining risk drinking. Conclusions: Both of the single-item screeners performed nearly on a par with the AUDIT-C and have potential for use in primary and emergency care settings. Language: en
Refined carbon accounting for oil palm agriculture: disentangling potential contributions of indirect emissions and smallholder farmers

Overwhelming international attention has focused on land conversion and associated CO2 emissions from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), which expanded into humid tropical regions by approximately 160% ...