cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary restrictions on growth performance and carcass quality of pigs selected for lean growth efficiency

Sixty-four pigs, 32 selected for lean growth efficiency and 32 controls selected randomly, were used to investigate the effect of genotype and realimentation diets on growth performance and carcass quality of pigs subjected to marginal dietary restrictions during the grower phase. When pigs weighed approximately 20 kg, 16 pens containing two gilts and 16 pens containing two castrated males were randomly assigned within genetic lines to grower diets and finisher diets in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Grower diets contained 0.421 or 0.765 g lysine/MJ DE, whereas finisher diets contained 0.421 or 0.612 g lysine/MJ DE. Genotype had no effect on growth performance, but select line pigs had better carcass quality (P≤0.05) and seemed to utilize amino acids more efficiently for growth than control line pigs as indicated by lower blood urea nitrogen (P≤0.07). During the grower phase, pigs fed the high-amino acid grower diet grew faster and more efficiently (P<0.01) and had less ultrasound backfat (P<0.001) than those fed the low-amino acid diet. Although some grower×finisher diet interactions were observed, there was no indication that pigs subjected to early amino acid restrictions exhibited compensatory weight gain, or had different amino acid requirements in the subsequent phase. The rate of lean accretion was similar between pigs fed the low- and high-amino acid grower diets regardless of genotype, indicating that compensatory lean tissue growth may have occurred in pigs subjected to early amino acid restrictions. Furthermore, restricted pigs had better feed efficiency in the subsequent phase, which may have a positive impact on the environment by reducing the excretion of unutilized nutrients. Select line pigs fed the low-amino acid grower diet had lower overall weight gain compared with other groups (genotype×grower, P<0.001). The results imply that pigs selected for lean growth efficiency may be less tolerant of early amino acid restrictions, and offering a grower diet containing adequate amino acids might be important in optimizing overall growth performance.
Reducing the Effects of Noise in Image Reconstruction

Fourier spectral methods have proven to be powerful tools that are frequently employed in image reconstruction. However, since images can be typically viewed as piecewise smooth functions, the Gibbs phenomenon often hinders accurate reconstruction. Recently, numerical edge detection and reconstruction methods have been developed that effectively reduce the Gibbs oscillations while maintaining high resolution accuracy at the edges. While the Gibbs phenomenon is a standard obstacle for the recovery of all piecewise smooth functions, in many image reconstruction problems there is the additional impediment of random noise existing within the spectral data. This paper addresses the issue of noise in image reconstruction and its effects on the ability to locate the edges and recover the image. The resulting numerical method not only recovers piecewise smooth functions with very high accuracy, but it is also robust in the presence of noise.
Losing the Race: Self‐Sabotage in Black America

Losing The Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America. John H. McWhorter. New York, NY: The Free Press (a Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.), 2000. xv. 285 pp. (Cloth US$24.00)
A Single Sheet Pediatric Growth Chart A Convenient Device for Following the Physical Growth Patterns of Both Boys and Girls

A chart has been designed for simplified growth evaluation combining boys' and girls' measurements to give a "usual" 50th percentile and "limits of normal" 97th and 3rd percentile lines for height and weight. Head circumference limits and average low birthweight growth lines are included on the graph. The chart includes the entire pediatric age range from birth, even if premature, through 18 years. While meticulous statistical significance cannot be derived from plotting on such a chart, it is offered to simplify the recording of children's growth and the evaluation of the consistency and normalcy of that growth.
THE APPEARANCE OF SPERM AND THEIR PERSISTENCY IN STORAGE TUBULES OF TURKEY HENS AFTER A SINGLE INSEMINATION.

Abstract THE ability of avian spermatozoa to maintain fertilizing capacity ‘in vivo’ has been established. Lorenz (1950) reported the duration of fertility to be as long as six weeks in Broad Breasted Bronze turkey hens. Marsden and Martin (1946) observed that fertile eggs appeared for as long as 59 days after mating. McCartney (1950) found the average duration of fertility in White Holland turkey pullets to be 51.9 days in broody hens and 47.2 days in non-broody hens. The long functional life of spermatozoa in the avian reproductive tract has been attributed to an interesting anatomic adaptation in the oviduct. Van Drimmelen (1946) reported the presence of concentrations of spermatozoa or “sperm nests” in the small crypts of the infundibulum of chickens. Bobr et al. (1962) observed the uniform presence of sperm in the tubules of the uterovaginal junction for as long as 9 days after either artificial insemination or natural…
The group of symmetries of the shorter Moonshine module

It is shown that the automorphism group of the shorter Moonshine module VB ♮ constructed in the author’s Ph.D. thesis (Selbstduale Vertexoperatorsuperalgebren und das Babymonster, Bonner Math. Schr. 286: 1996) is the direct product of the finite simple group known as the Baby Monster and the cyclic group of order 2.
Infection following treatment of mandible fractures: the role of immunosuppression and polysubstance abuse

Objective There is little data available on the relationship between immunosuppression and polysubstance abuse and postoperative infection in patients with mandibular fractures. In this study we aimed to assess these parameters. Study design This study sample consisted of 120 patients who were admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Washington Hospital Center between January of 1999 and February of 2002. Patient charts were reviewed and data regarding fracture location, mode of treatment, type of antibiotic therapy, and outcome of treatment including postoperative complications were also recorded. Patient’s medical and social histories were also reviewed for a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, alcohol abuse, and intravenous drug abuse (IVDA). Results Of the 120 patients in this study, 17 (14.1%) patients were identified as having a postoperative infection. Among those with postoperative infections, 8 (6.7%) had history of immunosuppression or polysubstance abuse. The strongest association found in this review is the relationship between alcohol (P = 0.50) and IVDA (P = 0.68), and the development of post-operative infections. There was also an increased rate of postoperative infection in HIV-positive patients (P = 0.71) and DM patients (P = 0.77). Conclusion In our study, we observed an increased risk for post-operative infection in HIV-positive individuals and diabetics. This finding lends support to other studies, which have shown a higher incidence of infection in HIV-positive individuals. We also observed an increased risk for postoperative infection among patients with history of alcohol and drug abuse. Therefore, in treatment planning for the correction of mandible fractures in patients with histories of substance abuse, it seems appropriate to make efforts to decrease the postoperative risk.
Apolipoprotein B carbonyl formation is enhanced by lipid peroxidation during copper-mediated oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins.

Abstract To determine whether lipid peroxidation is required for apolipoprotein B (apoB) carbonyl formation of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) during copper-mediated oxidation, we investigated oxidation of native and probucol-preloaded LDL by measuring thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and apoB carbonyls. Probucol was used because it is known to inhibit lipid peroxidation, but not protein modification. During copper-mediated oxidation, apoB carbonyls formed in a time-dependent manner; high copper concentrations (≥30 μ m ) resulted in saturation of apoB carbonyl content. ApoB carbonyl formation and lipid peroxidation were linearly related during incubation of LDL with copper for 3 h. During Cu 2+ -mediated LDL oxidation of probucol-LDL, TBARS production was very low, nonetheless apoB carbonyls increased significantly, and vitamin E was depleted. Bovine serum albumin (fatty acid free; BSA) oxidation in the presence of trace amounts of LDL, linoleic acid, or tert -butyl hydroperoxide was used to further understand the role of lipid peroxidation in apoB carbonyl formation. Protein carbonyl formation during BSA incubation with copper (either Cu + or Cu 2+ ) was trivial; however, further addition of linoleic acid (1:1, m/m), trace amounts of LDL (10 μg/ml), or tert -butyl hydroperoxide (1:1, m/m) markedly increased protein carbonyl formation. These results demonstrate that lipid peroxidation enhances copper-mediated carbonyl formation and suggest that copper ions react with LDL lipid hydroperoxides producing the necessary reactive species.
Multiple roles for tumor necrosis factor-α and lymphotoxin α/β in immunity and autoimmunity

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lymphotoxin (LT) α/β play multiple roles in the development and function of the immune system. This article focuses on three important aspects of the effects of these cytokines on the immune response and on autoimmunity. In several experimental systems (Jurkat T cells, murine T-cell hybridomas), TNF-α appears to cause a downregulation of signaling through the TCR, revealed by changes in calcium flux, activation of p21, p23 and ZAP70, and a decrease in nuclear activation of NF-κB. Previous and present results suggest that TNF-α interferes in some manner with signaling through the TCR, at a locus yet to be delineated. Transgenic expression of LTβR-Fc in nonobese diabetic (NOD) transgenic mice results in prevention of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice as long as the level of expression of the fusion protein (under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter) remains above a level of 2–3 μg/ml. Once the expression levels of the fusion protein have dropped below this critical level, the diabetic process resumes and the animals become diabetic at 40–50 weeks of age, whereas nontransgenic littermates develop diabetes by 25–30 weeks of age. The paradoxical effects of neonatal TNF-α administration in NOD mice in increasing incidence of and hastening onset of type 1 diabetes, while neonatal anti-TNF administration completely prevents all signs of islet cell autoimmunity, are due partly to the low levels of CD4+CD25+ T cells in NOD mice. These low levels are reduced by a further 50% on neonatal administration of nontoxic levels of TNF-α. In contrast, neonatal administration of anti-TNF-α results in a dramatic increase in the levels of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, to levels beyond those seen in wild-type untreated NOD mice. TNF-α and LTα/β thus have pleomorphic regulatory effects on the development and expression of autoimmunity.
Development of Computerized Human Static Strength Simulation Model for Job Design

This article describes the development of models to predict population static strengths and low back forces resulting from common manual exertions in industry. The resulting biomechanical models are shown to be valid for their intended purposes, but limitations still exist. In particular, they are meant to aid in evaluating very slow or static exertions, such as when carefully lifting, pushing, or pulling on heavy objects, but do not allow dynamic exertions to be simulated. It is shown that use of these models in the early design of workplaces and equipment is dependent on the use of computerized homonoids and behavioral-based inverse kinematic algorithms in conjunction with CAD systems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Teaching in 3D: Pedagogical Affordances and Constraints of 3D Virtual Worlds for Synchronous Distance Learning

Three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds are a new technology that holds some promise as constructivist learning environments for distance education. This investigation presents an evaluative case study of the pedagogical implications of using one 3D virtual world, Active Worlds, for synchronous distance education. The research design for this qualitative study focuses on the pedagogical affordances and constraints. Methods employed in the data collection include participatory observations, class logs, and formal and informal interviews with the instructor of a synchronous distance learning course offered through Active Worlds University. Findings reveal that although Active Worlds provides tools that support constructivist learning environments, the affordances and constraints of the tools (discourse, experiential, and resource) may, to varying degrees, impact the pragmatic use of this medium. While this initial investigation reveals that this technology supports constructivist learning environments, more r...
Changes in microbial community characteristics and soil organic matter with nitrogen additions in two tropical forests

Microbial communities and their associated enzyme activities affect the amount and chemical quality of carbon (C) in soils. Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, particularly in N-rich tropical forests, is likely to change the composition and behavior of microbial communities and feed back on ecosystem structure and function. This study presents a novel assessment of mechanistic links between microbial responses to N deposition and shifts in soil organic matter (SOM) quality and quantity. We used phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and microbial enzyme assays in soils to assess microbial community responses to long-term N additions in two distinct tropical rain forests. We used soil density fractionation and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure related changes in SOM pool sizes and chemical quality. Microbial biomass increased in response to N fertilization in both tropical forests and corresponded to declines in pools of low-density SOM. The chemical quality of this soil C pool reflected ecosystem-specific changes in microbial community composition. In the lower-elevation forest, there was an increase in gram-negative bacteria PLFA biomass, and there were significant losses of labile C chemical groups (O-alkyls). In contrast, the upper-elevation tropical forest had an increase in fungal PLFAs with N additions and declines in C groups associated with increased soil C storage (alkyls). The dynamics of microbial enzymatic activities with N addition provided a functional link between changes in microbial community structure and SOM chemistry. Ecosystem-specific changes in microbial community composition are likely to have far-reaching effects on soil carbon storage and cycling. This study indicates that microbial communities in N-rich tropical forests can be sensitive to added N, but we can expect significant variability in how ecosystem structure and function respond to N deposition among tropical forest types.
Blood cell identification using neural networks

The objective of this project is to propose a method of identifying three major blood cell types namely erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets and to classify them based upon their morphological features using neural networks. The data are collected using peripheral blood smears from clinical patients. The image acquisition requires 100/spl times/ magnification on all the blood smears, the preprocessing involves the use of median and edge enhancing filters and the feature extraction is done by performing the wavelet transform on the images. Finally classification of the blood cell types is done using ALOPEX and back propagation-trained neural networks. The efficacy of both networks is then compared by comparing their outputs and number of iterations required to reach the final result.
Local Demand, Preferred Habitats and Excess Comovement

I investigate the asset pricing implications of local-trading induced mispricing using a sample of 4560 pairs of Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) that are traded synchronously in 15 country-pairs. Each ETF in a pair has identical fundamentals, but is traded by investors from different countries. Controlling for fundamentals, ETF returns in the same country comove excessively with one another. Measures of demand shocks are strong predictors of not only future ETF returns, but also stock market returns. Higher liquidity and more competition in the local market are both associated with stronger comovements. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of local demand for asset prices.
Persistent CSF but not plasma HIV RNA is associated with increased risk of new-onset moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms; a prospective cohort study.

Major depressive disorder is the most common neuropsychiatric complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. We determined if detectable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) at threshold ≥50 copies/ml is associated with increased risk of depression. The CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) cohort is a six-center US-based prospective cohort with bi-annual follow-up of 674 participants. We fit linear mixed models (N = 233) and discrete-time survival models (N = 154; 832 observations) to evaluate trajectories of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) II scores and the incidence of new-onset moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (BDI ≥ 17) among participants on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), who were free of depression at study entry and received a minimum of three CSF examinations over 2496 person-months follow-up. Detectable CSF HIV RNA (threshold ≥50 copies/ml) at any visit was associated with a 4.7-fold increase in new-onset depression at subsequent visits adjusted for plasma HIV RNA and treatment adherence; hazard ratio (HR) = 4.76, (95 % CI 1.58–14.3); P = 0.006. Depression (BDI) scores were 2.53 points higher (95 % CI 0.47–4.60; P = 0.02) over 6 months if CSF HIV RNA was detectable at a prior study visit in fully adjusted models including age, sex, race, education, plasma HIV RNA, duration and adherence of CART, and lifetime depression diagnosis by Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) criteria. Persistent CSF but not plasma HIV RNA is associated with an increased risk for new-onset depression. Further research evaluating the role of immune activation and inflammatory markers may improve our understanding of this association.
Primary Intraventricular Leiomyoma in an Immunocompetent Patient: First Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Primary intracranial leiomyoma is an extremely rare occurrence of a low-grade mesenchymal tumor characterized by a proliferation of smooth muscle cells. When present, these lesions predominantly occur in immunocompromised patients in the setting of infection or transplant and have not been known to involve the ventricular system of the brain. In this report, we describe a case of primary leiomyoma of the lateral ventricle in an immunocompetent patient. Case Description A 30-year-old man with no medical history presented with progressive diplopia and occipital headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a homogenously enhancing mass of the left lateral ventricle with associated cerebral edema. The patient underwent interhemispheric transcallosal craniotomy for resection for symptom alleviation and surgical diagnosis. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry was subsequently consistent with that of leiomyoma. Genetic probing for Epstein−Barr virus was negative. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen failed to uncover a primary tumor. The patient did well postoperatively and was discharged 3 days after resection. At a two-and-a-half year follow-up, there continued to be no radiologic or clinical evidence of recurrence. Conclusions To date and to our knowledge, there are fewer than 25 reported cases of primary intracranial leiomyoma, with only 13 occurring in immunocompetent individuals. We believe this is the first report of this tumor type occurring within the ventricular system of the brain. As such, leiomyoma should be considered as a rare etiology in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular lesions.
On Self-Sustained Flow-Acoustic Resonant Interactions in Airfoil Transitional Boundary Layers

Recent experimental and numerical efforts are discussed examining resonant feedback mechanism of flow-acoustic interactions in airfoil transitional boundary layers. Experimentally recorded unsteady responses of loaded, transitional NACA0012 airfoil with tripped suction or pressure sides confirm the presence of shifted ladder-type tonal structures with dual velocity dependence in surface pressure and acoustic signals previously reported in the literature. High-fidelity numerical efforts employ a 6thorder Navier-Stokes solver implementing low-pass filtering of poorly resolved high-frequency solution content to retain numerical accuracy and stability over the range of transitional flow regimes. 2D and 3D (ILES) numerical experiments investigate the behavior of the boundary-layer statistical moments during the transitional flow regimes characterized by the presence of separation regions and the resulting formation of amplified instability waves scattered into noise at the airfoil trailing edge and triggered by the acoustic feedback-loop interaction.
Improving Sampling by Exchanging Hamiltonians with Efficiently Configured Nonequilibrium Simulations

Molecular simulations aim to sample all of the thermodynamically important states; when the sampling is inadequate, inaccuracy follows. A widely used technique to enhance sampling in simulations is Hamiltonian exchange. This technique introduces auxiliary Hamiltonians under which sampling is computationally efficient and attempts to exchange the molecular states among the auxiliary and the original Hamiltonians. The effectiveness of Hamiltonian exchange depends in part on the probability that the trial exchanges can be accepted, which involves good choices of auxiliary Hamiltonians and a good method of generating the trial exchanges. In this paper, we investigate nonequilibrium simulations as trial exchange generators and develop a theoretical model for the efficiency of Hamiltonian exchange and an algorithm to better configure such simulations. We show that properly configured nonequilibrium simulations can modestly increase the overall efficiency of Hamiltonian exchange.
The Effect of Wafer Shape on Slurry Film Thickness and Friction Coefficients in Chemical Mechanical Planarization

The fluid film thickness and drag during chemical-mechanical polishing are largely dependent on the shape of the wafer polished. In this study we use dual emission laser induced fluorescence to measure the film thickness and a strain gage, mounted on the polishing table, to measure the friction force between the wafer and the pad. All measurements are taken during real polishing processes. The trends indicate that with a convex wafer in contact with the polishing pad, the slurry layer increases with increasing platen speed and decreases with increasing downforce. The drag force decreases with increasing platen speed and increases with increasing downforce. These similarities are observed for both in-situ and ex-situ conditioning. However, these trends are significantly different for the case of a concave wafer in contact with the polishing pad. During ex-situ conditioning the trends are similar as with a convex wafer. However, in-situ conditioning decreases the slurry film layer with increasing platen speed, and increases it with increasing downforce in the case of the concave wafer. The drag force increases with increasing platen speed as well as increasing downforce. Since we are continually polishing, the wafer shape does change over the course of each experiment causing a larger error in repeatability than the measurement error itself. Different wafers are used throughout the experiment and the results are consistent with the variance of the wafer shape. Local pressure measurements on the rotating wafer help explain the variances in fluid film thickness and friction during polishing.
The Democratic Processes and the Formulation of Agricultural Policy

IN THESE rapidly changing times there should be a close tie between sociologists and all workers in the field of education. There are many brands of sociological theory, of educational sociology, and of educational institutions. The fact that there are wide variations in ideas in both the theoretical and applied aspects of sociology is a good sign, and it is not to be wondered at that those people who are on the action front in both educational programs and social betterment programs, are sometimes confused by conflicting theoretical positions among the sociologists, and sometimes feel that aside from economic and political science, the social sciences have little to contribute towards their problems in action, administration, and policy formation. There are several signs in these changing times which lead me to feel that all of the social sciences are now in process of integration and developing a harmony among them which will give them much closer relationships than they have had hitherto to the active programs of Government and of group action in our present-day civilization. A little more than three-quarters of a century ago Congress passed the Land Grant College Act which authorized the organization of a Land Grant College in each State. A study of the legislation and discussions in Congress regarding this Act of the Lincoln Administration clearly indicates that Congress wanted these colleges to be colleges of the common people, and to be closely related to the agricultural and industrial walks of life. A little more than 50 years ago Congress made provision for State Agricultural Experiment Stations. Last year there was celebrated the zs th anniversary of the passage of the Smith-Lever Act which brought into existence the agricultural Extension Service. The Extension Service was broadly conceived as an instrument primarily but not wholly of adult education through which, by means of the educational process, all rural people would be given the opportunity of learning the results of scientific research and scientific thinking as related to agriculture, and that out of this all would grow a rural civilization based upon scientific knowledge,-a civilization in which rural people would have a way of living which gave opportunity for individual and group realization of the best values inherent within them. * Read before the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Southern Sociological Society in Knoxville, Tennessee, April 5, I940, by Conrad Taeuber, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Revisiting Structural Models for Au18(SR)14

Au18(SR)14 (−SR being a thiolate group) is a small, stable thiolated gold nanocluster experimentally identified in 2005, but its structure remains elusive. A previously proposed model for Au18(SR)14 based on density functional theory (DFT) structural optimization consists of a Au8 core protected by two −RS–Au–SR–Au–SR– (dimer) and two −RS–Au–SR–Au–SR–Au–SR– (trimer) motifs. Here we revisit structure prediction for Au18(SR)14 from extensive exploration of the possible isomers for Au18(SCH3)14 by applying structural hypotheses based on both “staple motifs” and “ring and staple motifs”. Three isomers based on the staple motifs are found to be more stable than the best previous model. The two lowest-energy Au18(SCH3)14 isomers (I and II) also have a Au8 core protected by two dimer and two trimer motifs, but the core geometry and electronic properties are different. The third lowest-energy isomer (III) consists of a Au8 core protected by two −RS–Au–SR– (monomer) and two −RS–Au–SR–Au–SR–Au–SR–Au–SR– (tetramer) ...
The Structure of Description: Elements of and Criteria for Evaluating Historical Analysis

The central goal of description is to explore - that is to establish when, what, how and where something happened - and thereby prepare the groundwork explaining of why it happened. While social science methodology readily acknowledges this division of labor, it treats description as something without much structure that therefore cannot be as systematically evaluated as an explanation. This paper challenges this assumption by showing that description has a distinct structure that consists of five distinct elements: finding and recording of facts, selecting evidence, scaling, and reordering time and space. And given this structure, the quality of description can be evaluated just as systematically as the quality of explanations. The paper illustrates the elements of description and the criteria for its evaluation by drawing on the Goldhagen and Browning controversy from the late 1990s on what motivated ordinary Germans to participate in the Holocaust. This controversy is helpful because both scholars explored the very same documents but ended with very different analyses. The subsequent broader scholarly debate contained many interesting insights into the structure as well as quality of description that has broader implications for social science. In explicating these implications more fully, it is hoped that description will receive more systematic attention and will improve the development of testable hypotheses.
Selecting the normal population with the smallest variance: a restricted subset selection rule

ABSTRACTConsider k( ⩾ 2) normal populations whose means are all known or unknown and whose variances are unknown. Let σ2[1] ⩽ ⋅⋅⋅ ⩽ σ[k]2 denote the ordered variances. Our goal is to select a non empty subset of the k populations whose size is at most m(1 ⩽ m ⩽ k − 1) so that the population associated with the smallest variance (called the best population) is included in the selected subset with a guaranteed minimum probability P* whenever σ2[2]/σ[1]2 ⩾ δ* > 1, where P* and δ* are specified in advance of the experiment. Based on samples of size n from each of the populations, we propose and investigate a procedure called RBCP. We also derive some asymptotic results for our procedure. Some comparisons with an earlier available procedure are presented in terms of the average subset sizes for selected slippage configurations based on simulations. The results are illustrated by an example.
Subjektivität ohne Interität zur Reformulierung transzendentaler Subjektivität als System

Wenn nach Luhmann Intersubjektivitat ein „strikt paradoxer Begriff“ (GdG/1081), ein „Unbegriff“ (GS 2/238; NWPh/25) ist beziehungsweise „uberhaupt kein Begriff, sondern eine Verlegenheitsformel, die angibt, das man das Subjekt nicht mehr aushalten kann“ (SoA 6/169), so zieht Luhmann daraus in der Selbstverortung der Systemtheorie gegenuber der Subjektphilosophie zwei gegenlaufige Konsequenzen. Zum einen resultiert daraus, wie gesehen, die Diagnose des „death of the subject“ (OR/297), welcher seinerseits als Voraussetzung der Systemtheorie erscheint. Auf dieser Linie wertet Luhmann die Intersubjektivitatsproblematik als subjektphilosophieimmanentes Problem, welches in der transzendentalphanomenologischen Intersubjektivitatstheorie explizit geworden ist, in Husserls Intersubjektivitatstheorie, mit der dann eben das Subjektdenken als solches scheitere. Aber andererseits erfahrt die Diagnose des Scheiterns der transzendentalphanomenologischen Intersubjektivitatstheorie bei Luhmann noch eine ganz andere Wertung.
Beyond Berets: The Black Panthers as Health Activists

The article discusses health activism in America in relation to the history of the Black Panther Party which was founded by social activists Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California in the 1960s. The effort to restore the image of the Black Panther Party to reflect its full legacy is examined, along with police violence in American history. According to the article, Black Panther Party clinics were part of a movement to deliver community-based health care in the U.S.
Reaching Low-Income Mothers to Improve Family Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Food Hero Social Marketing Campaign—Research Steps, Development and Testing

The objective of this study was to create/test a social marketing campaign to increase fruit/vegetable (FV) intake within Oregon Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligible families. Focus groups (n = 2) and pre/post campaign phone surveys (n = 2082) were conducted in intervention counties (IC) and one control county. Participants were female (86%–100%) with 1–2 children at home. Mean FV intake/without juice was 3.1 servings/day; >50% preferred the Internet for delivery of healthy eating information. Participants reported time/financial burdens, low household FV variety and desirability of frozen/canned FV, and acceptance of positive messages. A Food Hero (FH) campaign was created/delivered daily August–October 2009 to mothers through multiple channels (e.g., grocery stores, online, educators). Results showed that the IC had better FH name recall (12%) and interpretation of intended messages (60%) vs. control (3%, 23%, respectively). Compared to controls, the IC were less likely to report healthy food preparation as time consuming or a FV rich diet expensive, and it was easier to get their family to eat fruit. Results did not vary based on county/household characteristics. The FH campaign increased FH awareness and positive FV beliefs. A longer campaign with FV assessments will increase understanding of the target audience, and allow for campaign refinement.
An examination of electricity generation by utility organizations in the Southeast United States

Abstract This study examined the impact of climatic variability on electricity generation in the Southeast United States. The relationship cooling degree days (CDD) and heating degree days (HDD) shared with electricity generation by fuel source was explored. Using seasonal autoregressive integrated weighted average (ARIMA) and seasonal simple exponentially smoothed models, retrospective time series analysis was run. The hypothesized relationship between climatic variability and total electricity generation was supported, where an ARIMA model including CDDs as a predictor explained 57.6% of the variability. The hypothesis that climatic variability would be more predictive of fossil fuel electricity generation than electricity produced by clean energy sources was partially supported. The ARIMA model for natural gas indicated that CDDS were the only predictor for the fossil fuel source, and that 79.4% of the variability was explained. Climatic variability was not predictive of electricity generation from coal or petroleum, where simple seasonal exponentially smoothed models emerged. However, HDDs were a positive predictor of hydroelectric electricity production, where 48.9% of the variability in the clean energy source was explained by an ARIMA model. Implications related to base load electricity from fossil fuels, and future electricity generation projections relative to extremes and climate change are discussed.
A generalized Frank-wolfe approach to decentralized electric vehicle charging

The uncoordinated charging of large electric vehicle (EV) fleets could have an adverse influence on power network operation. To guarantee the secure and economic operation of power grids, vehicle charging needs to be coordinated to minimize the power supply cost, while catering vehicle charging requests. Provisioning large-scale fleets scheduled at fine timescales, the task of EV scheduling is tackled here by properly adopting the Frank-Wolfe method. Upon devising an optimal step size rule, the novel scheme is shown to enjoy fast convergence rate, especially during the first iterations. The derived charging protocol features affordable computational requirements from vehicle controllers and minimal information exchange between vehicles and their aggregator. To cope with random cyber delays in the communication links between vehicles and the aggregator, an asynchronous version of the charging scheme is also studied. Interpreted as a block stochastic Frank Wolfe algorithm, the latter ensures feasibility across iterations, converges in the mean, and enjoys the same order of convergence rate attained by its synchronous counterpart. Numerical tests demonstrate the advantage of our deterministic scheme over a state-of-the-art projected gradient descent alternative, as well as the robustness of its stochastic counterpart to asynchronous updates.
Is more institutional coup-proofing better or worse for regime protection? Evidence from the Philippines, 1986–1987

ABSTRACTIs more institutional coup-proofing (ICP) better or worse for leaders’ chances of political survival? Are coups less or more likely to occur and succeed as a state’s military structure becomes increasingly divided into rival branches, organizations, and factions? The article evaluates two competing perspectives on the effectiveness of counterbalancing as a regime protection measure. Seeing strength in numbers and the prospects for divide-and-conquer tactics, most scholars take a more-is-better view, suggesting that higher levels of ICP should increase the effectiveness of counterbalancing. Some scholars, however, advance a more-is-worse perspective, suggesting that collective action problems confronting larger numbers of military organizations decrease the effectiveness of counterbalancing. Through a qualitative analysis of eight coup events in the Philippines during 1986–1987, strong evidence is found in support of the causal mechanisms and predicted outcomes for the more-is-better view.
Connecting the Wrecks: A Case Study in Conveying the Importance of Submerged Cultural Heritage Through a Scaled Outreach Approach

As an essential component of its mission, the Naval History & Heritage Command’s Underwater Archaeology Branch has developed a multifaceted and scaled public education and outreach strategy based on a combination of initiatives aimed at creating both direct connections with individuals on personal level, as well as broad connections with the public at large. This chapter is intended to serve as a case study, illustrating how an outreach strategy based on the aforementioned framework is employed, taking into account the organization’s available resources, limited staff numbers, and complex scope. The authors endeavor to convey the importance of crafting an organization’s message to create the most relevant form of outreach according to the medium, the audience, and their frame of reference, in order to best inspire and enhance public appreciation for submerged cultural heritage.
Integrating Computer Science into Music Education

We present an experience report demonstrating the use a Domain-Specific Language, Nuterpea, in a general education music class. While the use of computing in music education is common, we demonstrate that {\em coding} allows students without a background in music or computing to explore topics in music form and theory. Coding supports a new style of music education, one that is focused on creating musical compositions rather that performance or appreciation of existing music. We focus on styles of music that can be built algorithmically from a structural description. With such music the use of coding allows students to define and use patterns in a way that makes it possible for complex compositions to be specified in a concise manner. This approach suits the context of general education; we have designed our curriculum around genres of music that are easily represented in an algorithmic manner. Our experience suggests that a well-designed DSL for describing musical compositions provides a unique way to introduce students to core concepts in music in way that is engaging for learners and pedagogically appropriate for topics in music theory and structure. In addition, students are exposed to computer science topics such as programming language syntax, functions, abstractions, and types. We have also used this approach with pre-college students and believe that this style of music education can be adapted to a K12 environment.
Postindustrial Elite and Non-Elite Insecurities

A society becomes postindustrial when 40 percent of its workforce is employed in bureaucratic and service work, a proportion that increases quite rapidly to 70-75, even 80 percent (cf. Bell 1999, xv). By the 1950s the composition of workforces in the United States, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Canada had reached the 40 percent threshold to postindustrial conditions, and during the succeeding two or three decades virtually all other Western countries, plus Japan, crossed it. Quite unforeseen by nearly all observers at the time, non-elites in the first postindustrial societies began to divide into two loose interest and attitude camps during the 1960s and 1970s. The camps’ boundaries were not contiguous with those of the classes and strata that derived from the agricultural, manual industrial, and non-manual workforce components so prominent during historical socioeconomic development.
Design and optimization of the high frequency transformer for a 800V/1.2MHz SiC LLC resonant converter

The LLC resonant converter is very suitable for high frequency and high power density applications due to its excellent characteristics such as load independent ZVS turn-on, low turn-off current. The high frequency high voltage transformer is a key component in the LLC that provides galvanic isolation and power conversion. In order to improve the power density, the frequency can be pushed to several hundred kHz or megahertz range especially if advanced power devices such as the SiC MOSFET is used. However, optimal design of the transformer is a grand challenge which must consider magnetic core material, core and winding loss, and transformer thermal performance. In this paper, a megahertz high voltage transformer is designed for a high voltage SiC LLC resonant converter. The loss model and thermal model of the transformer are analyzed in details. The high frequency magnetic core materials are reviewed and compared. A comprehensive transformer optimization design method is proposed to maximize the utilization of the transformer, achieving the maximum power density with minimum transformer loss. A 1.2 MHz 4.5 kW transformer prototype is built and tested in the 800V SiC LLC resonant converter.
Silver-functionalized silica aerogels and their application in the removal of iodine from aqueous environments.

Abstract One of the key challenges for radioactive waste management is the efficient capture and immobilization of radioiodine, because of its radiotoxicity, high mobility in the environment, and long half-life (t1/2 = 1.57 × 107 years). Silver-functionalized silica aerogel (AgAero) represents a strong candidate for safe sequestration of radioiodine from various nuclear waste streams and subsurface environments. Batch sorption experiments up to 10 days long were carried out in oxic and anoxic conditions in both deionized water (DIW) and various Hanford Site Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) off-gas condensate simulants containing from 5 to 10 ppm of iodide (I−) or iodate (IO3−). Also tested was the selectivity of AgAero towards I− in the presence of other halide anions. AgAero exhibited fast and complete removal of I− from DIW, slower but complete removal of I− from WTP off-gas simulants, preferred removal of I− over Br− and Cl−, and it demonstrated ability to remove IO3− through reduction to I−.
Body Composition Changes from Infancy to 4 Years and Associations with Early Childhood Cognition in Preterm and Full-Term Children.

Background Infants born prematurely are at risk for neurodevelopmental complications. Early growth is associated with improved later cognition. The relationship of early proportionality and body composition with later cognition is not well established. Objectives To assess differences in fat-free mass and adiposity (fat mass, percent body fat) changes in preterm and full-term infants through preschool age and examine associations with early childhood cognition. Methods This is a prospective, observational study in an appropriate for gestational age cohort of 71 patients (20 preterm and 51 full-term) from infancy through preschool age. Anthropometric and body composition measurements via air displacement plethysmography were obtained during infancy at term and 3-4 months (preterm corrected ages), and at 4 years. Cognitive testing occurred at 4 years. Associations of body composition changes between visits with cognitive function were tested using linear regression. Results In the preterm group, higher term to 4-month corrected age percent body fat gains were associated with lower working memory performance (p = 0.01), and higher 4-month corrected age to 4-year fat-free mass gains were associated with higher full-scale IQ (p = 0.03) and speed of processing performance (p ≤ 0.02). In the full-term group, higher 4-month to 4-year fat mass gains were associated with lower full-scale IQ (p = 0.03). Conclusions Body composition gains during different time periods are associated with varying areas of cognitive function. These findings may inform interventions aimed at optimal growth.
On Birth, Death, and Sleep in Husserl’s Late Manuscripts on Time

A threefold concern guides the following analysis. First, I aim to provide a systematic account of the problematic of birth, death, and sleep in Husserl’s late manuscripts on time. I argue that for Husserl, the full constitution of human finitude rests upon a threefold disclosure of birth, death, and sleep as limit-phenomena, intersubjective phenomena, and paradoxical phenomena. Secondly, I engage in the question (central to Husserl himself) of the transcendental necessity of phenomena in question. This engagement culminates in the realization, that in the absence of birth, death, and sleep, subjectivity could not be conceived as a world-constituting subjectivity. Thirdly, so as to accentuate the distinguishing features of Husserl’s analyses, I bring them into a polemic with Heidegger’s notion of authentic temporality.
Chapter 12 – Depression and the Family*

Publisher Summary Depression is one of the most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders ranked as the single most burdensome disease in the world in terms of total disability-adjusted life years among people in the middle years of life. Families contribute both direct and indirect genetic and environmental effects through gene environment correlations and interactions. The question of genes or environment simply is not relevant. Rather, the more important question is how genes and the family environment independently and together contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. The relation between temperament and mood disorders may be moderated by gender and family environment. The chapter examines various aspects of the family environment in relation to depression, including parental psychopathology, particularly mood disorders, attachment, childrearing practices, and communication and interaction patterns among family members. The family environment can be grouped into two broad dimensions of positive and negative relationships thatcomprise dimensions of family adaptability, cohesion, emotional expressiveness, support, organization, control, and conflict.