cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RUNX1 regulates corepressor interactions of PU.1

The transcription factor (TF) RUNX1 cooperates with lineage-specifying TFs (eg, PU.1/SPI1) to activate myeloid differentiation genes, such as macrophage and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors (MCSFR and GMCSFR). Disruption of cooperative gene activation could contribute to aberrant repression of differentiation genes and leukemogenesis initiated by mutations and translocations of RUNX1. To investigate the mechanisms underlying cooperative gene activation, the effects of Runx1 deficiency were examined in an in vitro model of Pu.1-driven macrophage differentiation and in primary cells. Runx1 deficiency decreased Pu.1-mediated activation of Mcsfr and Gmcsfr, accompanied by decreased histone acetylation at the Mcsfr and Gmcsfr promoters, and increased endogenous corepressor (Eto2, Sin3A, and Hdac2) coimmunoprecipitation with Pu.1. In cotransfection experiments, corepressors were excluded from a multiprotein complex containing full-length RUNX1 and PU.1. However, corepressors interacted with PU.1 if wild-type RUNX1 was replaced with truncated variants associated with leukemia. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme activity is a major component of corepressor function. HDAC inhibition using suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or MS-275 significantly increased MCSFR and GMCSFR expression in leukemia cell lines that express PU.1 and mutated or translocated RUNX1. RUNX1 deficiency is associated with persistent corepressor interaction with PU.1. Thus, inhibiting HDAC can partly compensate for the functional consequences of RUNX1 deficiency.
A Signal Transduction Pathway Model Prototype I: From Agonist to Cellular Endpoint

The postgenomic era is providing a wealth of information about the genes involved in many cellular processes. However, the ability to apply this information to understanding cellular signal transduction is limited by the lack of tools that quantitatively describe cellular signaling processes. The objective of the current studies is to provide a framework for modeling cellular signaling processes beginning at a plasma membrane receptor and ending with a measurable endpoint in the signaling process. Agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization coupled to down stream phosphorylation events was modeled using knowledge of in vitro and in vivo process parameters. The simulation process includes several modules that describe cellular processes involving receptor activation phosphoinositide metabolism, Ca2+-release, and activation of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. A Virtual Cell-based simulation was formulated using available literature data and compared to new and existing experimental results. The model provides a new approach to facilitate hypothesis-driven investigation and experimental design based upon simulation results. These investigations may be directed at the timing of multiple phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events affecting key enzymatic activities in the signaling pathway.
Invasions by two non-native insects alter regional forest species composition and successional trajectories

Abstract While invasions of individual non-native phytophagous insect species are known to affect growth and mortality of host trees, little is known about how multiple invasions combine to alter forest dynamics over large regions. In this study we integrate geographical data describing historical invasion spread of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, and beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga, with regional forest inventory data collected by the US Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis program to quantify the individual and combined impacts of these pest species. This analysis indicates that regional impacts of these insects on their hosts occur surprisingly slow but act to change regional forest succession pathways. Because beech and hemlock commonly co-occur in eastern North American forests, invasions by the two pest species are altering the current and future composition of large forest regions through their impacts on these two late-successional species. Such results demonstrate how forest insect invasions can profoundly modify forest dynamic processes, resulting in long-term changes in forest ecosystems.
Immunological characteristics of HIV-infected children: relationship to age, CD4 counts, disease progression, and survival.

We have evaluated immunologic markers of disease progression in 79 children perinatally infected with HIV. Laboratory testing included T lymphocyte subsets and lymphoproliferative responses (LPR) t...
Reduction in long-term functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis from 1977 to 1998:a longitudinal study of 3035 patients.

Abstract Purpose If newer, more aggressive treatment strategies in rheumatoid arthritis are more effective, long-term outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis should be improving substantially. We therefore assessed trends in disability over time in a large cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods We examined functional disability data from 3035 patients with rheumatoid arthritis whose disease onset was from 1977 to 1998. Disability data were collected semiannually with the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index. We then estimated average disability for each patient. We also computed mean disability for each calendar year by averaging the values from all patients in that year. We examined the relation of successive annual cohorts and subsequent disability, adjusting for age, sex, race, education, clinical center, disease duration, follow-up, and attrition. We used two regression approaches: ordinary and generalized least squares. Results Average disability declined by about 2% to 3% per calendar year of disease onset (2.7% to 2.8% per year [ P P Conclusion After accounting for potential confounders, average disability levels in rheumatoid arthritis have declined by approximately 40% in the 20+ years since 1977. This decline is consistent with a beneficial effect of the associated changes in treatment strategies.
Patient education and compliance issues associated with access devices

Objectives: To explore the variables impacting patient education and to describe techniques for implementing successful education. Conclusions: Patients have the inherent right to be informed about all available options, significant risks, and treatment options. Throughout the teaching process, adequate time is needed for the patient to demonstrate skills in care and to voice concerns. Written literature and videos from the manufacturer or developed within the institution augment the nurse's teachings. Having a family member or significant other present is necessary to ensure that the teaching is complete. Implications for nursing practice: Nurses are responsible for teaching patients about device care and how to troubleshoot complications. Nurses must be aware of factors that can affect learning, such as the patient's age, physical and emotional status, educational level, and current stress level. Failure to provide proper instruction may resort in the omission of vital steps, which may create problems with any type of device.
Intradimensional and extradimensional shifts in conditional discrimination.

Two groups of pigeons learned a two key conditional discrimination. Color was the conditional stimulus and form the choice stimulus for subjects in one group. Form was the conditional stimulus and color the choice stimulus in the other group. Half the subjects in each group then underwent an intradimensional shift: The conditional stimulus dimension and choice stimulus dimension were unchanged but the correct and incorrect stimulus compounds were reversed. The remaining subjects underwent an extra-dimensional shift in which the conditional stimulus dimension and choice stimulus dimension were reversed. Subjects which experienced an intradimensional shift learned the new conditional discrimination more quickly. It was concluded that subjects followed rules to solve conditional discriminations but also learned the functions of each stimulus dimension.
74-Year-Old Man With Palpitations

74-year-old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea presented to his primary care physician for his annual examination. His only symptom was palpitations that started 6 months previously. The palpitations had been occurring several times per day, lasting only a few seconds on each occasion. They were not associated with activityoranyparticulartimeoftheday.Hehadnoother associated symptoms, including dyspnea, angina, or syncope. He reported no alcohol use and drank one cup of coffee daily. His medications included aspirin, losartan, hydrochlorothiazide, and simvastatin. On examination, the patient was afebrile. His blood pressure was 142/70 mm Hg, and his pulse rate was 60 beats/min. Cardiovascular examination revealed a nondisplaced point of maximal impulse and irregular rhythm with frequent premature beats. Heart sounds were normal, no murmurs were heard, and jugular venous pressure was not elevated. The lungs were clear on auscultation bilaterally. His abdomen was soft and not distended, and no peripheral edema was noted.
A Formula for the Dedekind ξ-Function of an Imaginary Quadratic Field☆

In this paper a formula is given for the Dedekind ξ-function, which is similar to that for the Riemann ξ-function. As an application, a lower bound is obtained for the value of the Dedekind ξ-function at the central point.
The Effects of Drug-Prevention Messages on the Accessibility of Identity-Related Constructs

Recent theoretical work has posited that the self-system guides behavior via currently activated self-concepts. The authors adopted this framework to the study of drug-prevention messages by examining the extent to which messages can alter the accessibility of views of self and of drugs that would support nonuse. Participants were exposed to 1 of 3 print-ad conditions: autonomy-themed prevention messages (treatment), health-information themed prevention messages (comparison), and informational consumer ads (control). Outcomes were reaction times to make dichotomous judgments. Relative to comparison and control ads, treatment ads were more successful at activating a self-view as a nonuser, a view that marijuana use is inconsistent with autonomy, and unwillingness to use marijuana. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the effect of ad condition on unwillingness was partially mediated by the accessibility of self-view as a nonuser.
DAF-16/FOXO Regulates Homeostasis of Essential Sleep-like Behavior during Larval Transitions in C. elegans

Sleep homeostasis, which refers to the maintenance of sleep amount or depth following sleep deprivation, indicates that sleep and sleep-like states serve fundamental functions that cannot be bypassed [1]. Homeostasis of sleep-like behavior is observed during C. elegans lethargus, a 2-3 hr behavioral quiescent period that occurs during larval state transitions [2]. Here, we report a role for DAF-16/FOXO, a transcription factor that is active under conditions of stress [3], in the response to deprivation of lethargus quiescence. Forced locomotion during lethargus results in nuclear translocation of DAF-16. The formation of dauer larvae, a developmental state promoted by daf-16, is increased in response to quiescence deprivation. daf-16 mutants show an impaired homeostatic response to deprivation of lethargus quiescence and are hypersensitive to the lethal effects of forced locomotion during lethargus. DAF-16 expression in muscle cells, but not in neurons, is sufficient to restore a homeostatic response to deprivation of quiescence, pointing to a role for muscle in sleep homeostasis. These findings are relevant to clinical observations of altered metabolic signaling in response to sleep deprivation and suggest that these signaling pathways may act in nonneuronal tissue to regulate sleep behaviors.
I—Michelle Kosch: What abraham Couldn't Say

The explicit topic of Fear and Trembling 's third Problema (the longest single section, accounting for a third of the book's total length), the theme of Abraham's silence stands not far in the background in every other section, and its importance is flagged by the pseudonym—Johannes de silentio —under which Kierkegaard had the book published. Here I aim to defend an interpretation of the meaning of the third Problema's central claim—that Abraham cannot explain himself, ‘cannot speak’—and to argue on its basis for an interpretation of the work as a whole.
CAN SITE RESPONSE BE PREDICTED

Large modifications of seismic waves are produced by variations of material properties near the Earth's surface and by both surface and buried topography. These modifica-tions, usually referred to as “site response”, in general lead to larger motions on soil sites than on rock-like sites. Because the soil amplifications can be as large as a factor of ten, they are important in engineering applications that require the quantitative spec-ification of ground motions. This has been recognised for years by both seismologists and engineers, and it is hard to open an earthquake journal these days without finding an article on site response. What is often missing in these studies, however, are discussions of the uncertainty of the predicted response. A number of purely observational studies demonstrate that ground motions have large site-to-site variability for a single earthquake and large earthquake-location-dependent variability for a single site. This variability makes site-specific, earthquake-specific predi...
Radial models of mantle viscosity: results from a genetic algorithm

SUMMARY The long-wavelength component of the geoid has been used to constrain radial variations in mantle viscosity using 3-D velocity anomaly models determined from seismic tomography as the buoyancy forces driving viscous flow. Using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), the robustness of mantle viscosity models obtained by calculusbased optimization methods is investigated. GAS are a relatively new class of optimization techniques, which are generating a growing interest in the geophysics community. These methods can be particularly useful for solving highly non-linear optimization problems. Unlike traditional techniques, GAS do not require derivative information to form a Jacobian matrix or sensitivity kernels. Models are constructed from pieces of successful models following a simple set of rules. These simple rules are driven by stochastic, rather than deterministic, means. Because of the efficiency of the GA for the mantle viscosity problem, it is possible to explore a greater range of potential solutions than with a traditional optimization method. It is found that, while both calculus-based and GA optimization methods find viscosity models with a low-viscosity transition zone, the GA finds another class of models, with a high viscosity in the transition zone, that also satisfies the geoid data. The geoid alone is unable to resolve low-viscosity transition-zone models from high-viscosity transitionzone models. The effect of the scaling between seismic velocity and density on the preferred viscosity model is also explored. While a velocity-to-density scaling with a pronounced increase in the transition zone provides the best fit to the geoid, the preferred vertical viscosity profile is insensitive to the velocity-to-density scaling.
The fragment assembly string graph

We present a concept and formalism, the string graph, which represents all that is inferable about a DNA sequence from a collection of shotgun sequencing reads collected from it. We give time and space efficient algorithms for constructing a string graph given the collection of overlaps between the reads and, in particular, present a novel linear expected time algorithm for transitive reduction in this context. The result demonstrates that the decomposition of reads into kmers employed in the de Bruijn graph approach described earlier is not essential, and exposes its close connection to the unitig approach we developed at Celera. This paper is a preliminary piece giving the basic algorithm and results that demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the method. These ideas are being used to build a next-generation whole genome assembler called BOA (Berkeley Open Assembler) that will easily scale to mammalian genomes. Contact: gene@eecs.berkeley.edu
Computer-aided formulation and optimal control of an integrated production system for competitive products

Abstract An integrated production, inventory and advertising system has been formulated based on control engineering principles. In this system, the customer's demand is satisfied from stock, which in turn is replenished from production facilities. But sales reflect the advertising effort, present as well as past. The past effort has been considered as a delay with an assumed delay period. The problem is formulated as a state and observation model. Out of this an augmented model of state and parameters is formed. The parameters describing the model are estimated from MAP discrete filter algorithm. It is shown that sales of product 1 or product 2 at (k + l)th period is effected by sales and advertising of product 1 or product 2 at the kth period, and also by sales and advertising of product 2 or product 1 at (k-θ)th period, where 6 is the delay.
A Systematic Review of Intervention Efforts to Reduce Indoor Tanning

This chapter reviews the literature examining interventions to reduce indoor tanning (IT). The first objective was to highlight programs that show promise for large scale dissemination. The second objective was to promote criteria and standards for future intervention research efforts. The scope of interest for this review includes universal (for everyone in the population), selective (for those in the population who are at a greater risk), and indicated (for those who already are experiencing conditions that identify them as at risk) programs. The evaluation of the interventions resulted in three levels of evidence: (1) most promising, (2) emerging, and (3) mixed. For an intervention to be considered “most promising”, it was required that ten criteria be met through examination of research findings in published reports consistent with Flay and colleagues (Prev Sci 6(3):151–175, 2005). Interventions that were classified as “emerging” met most of the criteria. Finally, interventions classified as “mixed” did not reach threshold on more than two criteria that were deemed critical. The results revealed that there was very limited research on IT interventions that meet all the evaluation criteria. Only one intervention approach met all of the criteria (Appearance Booklet) (Hillhouse and Turrisi, Behav Med 25(4):395–409, 2002; Hillhouse et al., Cancer 113(11):3257–3266, 2008). Although the number of published papers in the IT area has increased dramatically over the past decade, these efforts have yet to translate into rigorously conducted intervention trials. The review points to important issues that need to be addressed in future research on the prevention of IT.
Urban greenways: Operationalizing design syntax and integrating mathematics and science in design

Abstract The ubiquitous sameness of urban greenways prompts questions on generative design grammar and syntax, whether creative, critical rethinking at that level might be lacking. However the design syntax of urban greenways is not explicitly discussed thus leaving a critical gap in knowledge. This paper begins tackling the larger question by acting on the fundamental subset of it, by operationalizing the design syntax of urban greenways. This is done through mathematics-based graph studies to analyze patterns and shapes, photography based thermal, material and morphology studies, and section analyses to make imagery-derived deductions on the design syntax. Recommendation on approaches to diversify and enrich the design syntax includes a more direct reference from ecosystem science theories such for siting and planning the urban greenways at macro- to meso-scale, a mixed-method approach, combining mathematics, photography and drawings based frames for analyses at meso-, to micro-scale, and a turtle view scale for designing at meso- to micro-scale, with an emphasis on latter.
Renin release from mouse submandibular gland in vitro.

The present study was performed to investigate the relationship between renin activity in the submandibular gland and plasma testosterone levels and to examine renin release by stimulation with the cholinergic agonist methacholine from dispersed cells in male and female mouse submandibular glands of 7.5-week-old mice in five strains (ICR/BR, ND/4BR, SW/BR, DDS/Cox, and C57BL/6BR). Significant differences in renin activity were found between the males and the females of all strains. The biggest difference (64-fold) was found in C57BL/6BR mice and the smallest (2-fold) was found in ICR/BR and ND/4BR mice. No direct relationship between the gland renin activity and the plasma testosterone level could be observed among the male mice of the five strains, because of a large variation of plasma testosterone levels among them. However, it was observed that there was a relationship between the gland renin activity and the plasma testosterone levels; the higher the plasma testoserone levels in females, the lesser t...
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CdTe AND CdS QUANTUM DOTS IN GLASS

We summarize the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a variety of CdTe and CdS quantum dots in glass. The measured linear absorption of the CdTe sample is compared with calculations involving valence-band mixing due to the quantum confinement. The temperature dependence of the lowest quantum-confined transition and its linewidth for samples with various crystallite sizes are measured and compared with a simple model. It is found that the shift of the energetically lowest quantum-confined transition as a function of temperature is the same as the temperature-dependent band-gap reduction in bulk materials. Excitation of the sample with pulses ranging from femtoseconds to microseconds allows distinguishing between various mechanisms responsible for the observed optical nonlinearities. At very early times, phase-space filling and Coulomb interaction between the excited charged carriers are responsible for the absorption changes. At later times, Coulomb effects due to “trapped” carriers remain and last for nanoseconds or microseconds.
Evolution of fermion pairing from three to two dimensions.

We follow the evolution of fermion pairing in the dimensional crossover from three-dimensional to two-dimensional as a strongly interacting Fermi gas of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms becomes confined to a stack of two-dimensional layers formed by a one-dimensional optical lattice. Decreasing the dimensionality leads to the opening of a gap in radio-frequency spectra, even on the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer side of a Feshbach resonance. The measured binding energy of fermion pairs closely follows the theoretical two-body binding energy and, in the two-dimensional limit, the zero-temperature mean-field Bose-Einstein-condensation to Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer crossover theory.
Open inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability in adolescents with generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Background The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of open inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability in patients with generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Methods Data were obtained for 18 open inferior capsular shift surgeries in 15 adolescent patients with generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with a mean follow-up of 7.5 years. End points were subjective clinical outcome (pain, stability, satisfaction, return to sport), objective clinical outcome (recurrence, complications), and functional outcome scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, 11-item version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand). Results Thirteen patients (87%) reported improved pain and stability and were satisfied with the procedure. Nine patients (64%) were able to return to sports. One patient (7%) was dissatisfied with continuous pain and recurrent instability and considered a surgical failure. Seven patients (47%) reported no further episodes of instability. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score at a mean of 7.5 years of follow-up was 88 ± 10 points, and the mean score for the 11-item version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand was 14 ± 14 points. Discussion The management of multidirectional shoulder instability in adolescent patients with generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is challenging. Open inferior capsular shift results in improvement in subjective and objective shoulder function and stability in adolescent patients with ligamentous hyperlaxity or Ehlers-Danlos who have failed nonoperative treatment. We found no effect of the recalled number of prior dislocations, laterality, and type of hyperlaxity on subjective and objective clinical outcomes. Level of evidence Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study
Illusory Reversal of Brightness Contrast

An illusion analogous to Cornsweet's is used to demonstrate how the non-linear behavior of the visual system can be used to obscure low-frequency gradients. The result is a reversal of brightness—f...
Improving healthcare practice behaviors: An exploratory study identifying effective and ineffective behaviors in healthcare

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the results of exploratory research designed to develop an awareness of healthcare behaviors, with a view toward improving the customer satisfaction with healthcare services. It examines the relationship between healthcare providers and their consumers/patients/clients. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a critical incident methodology, with both effective and ineffective behavioral specimens examined across different provider groups. Findings – The effects of these different behaviors on what Berry (1999) identified as the common core values of service organizations are examined, as those values are required to build a lasting service relationship. Also examined are categories of healthcare practice based on the National Quality Strategy priorities. Research limitations/implications – The most obvious is the retrospective nature of the method used. How accurate are patient or consumer memories? Are they capable of making valid judgments of healt...
Definition ERP-System

ERP stammt von „Enterprise-Resource-Planning“. Dabei handelt es sich um modular aufgebaute Software-Losungen, die Prozesse eines Unternehmens abbilden und alle wichtigen Unternehmensfunktionen wie Rechnungswesen, Logistik, Produktion und Personal im Rahmen einer gemeinsamen unternehmensweiten Datenbasis abbilden und integrieren. In der Folge sollen Planung und Controlling im gesamten Unternehmen wesentlich erleichtert werden. ERP-Systeme versprechen damit grose Effizienzsteigerungen fur Unternehmen. Dazu gehoren zum Beispiel reduzierte Lagerbestande, kurzere Intervalle zwischen Bestell- und Bezahlungsvorgangen, weniger administratives Personal oder ein besserer Kundenservice. Mit einer neuen ERP-Implementierung konnen zudem parallel betriebene Altsysteme abgelost werden, kann die Datenbasis verbessert werden und lassen sich Betriebs- und Wartungskosten reduzieren. Insgesamt soll eine ERP-Implementierung die Wettbewerbsfahigkeit verbessern und schneller wesentliche Informationen fur strategische Entscheidungen ermoglichen.
Effect of disodium azodisalicylate on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum and colon in vitro. Comparison with sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid.

Abstract Azodisalicylate, used to treat ulcerative colitis, causes diarrhea in up to 12.5% of patients. We compared the in vitro effects of azodisalicylate, sulfasalazine, and 5-aminosalicylic acid on rabbit intestinal electrolyte transport. Distal ileal mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers were exposed to varying concentrations of the drugs. Mucosal addition of azodisalicylate (>5 mM) caused the greatest aniondependent increase in short-circuit current of 83 μA/cm 2 (ED 50 = 0.3 mM). Isotope flux measurements suggest that azodisalicylate may stimulate predominantly electrogenic HCO 3 secretion and induces net NaCl secretion. In contrast, serosal addition of azodisalicylate and sulfasalazine (>5 mM) decreased short-circuit current, and 5-aminosalicylic acid had no effect. Azodisalicylate had no effect on ion transport in distal colon. The effects of azodisalicylate in ileum were not inhibited with piroxicam (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase). Mucosal cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels were unchanged after ileal exposure to azodisalicylate. Azodisalicylate appears to be a mechanistically unusual secretagogue, possibly explaining the increased incidence of diarrhea seen in patients taking the drug.
How the Language Style of Small-Claims Court Judges Does Ideological Work:

Small-claims courts were created to help ordinary people settle “small” disputes quickly and cheaply and were designed to be relatively informal. A consequence of the justice system’s commitment to...
Ab initio many-body Green's function calculations of optical properties of LiF at high pressures

We present density functional theory (DFT) $+$ quasiparticle self-energy $({G}_{0}{W}_{0})+$ Bethe-Salpeter calculations of the real and imaginary parts of the long-wavelength dielectric function of LiF between ambient pressure and $P=5$ Mbars. While the optical absorption spectrum is predicted to show dramatic pressure-dependent features above the optical gap, the index of refraction well below the gap is shown to exhibit the same trends as that seen in both DFT calculations and experiment: a roughly linear increase with density. This increase does not result from a decrease in the band gap, but rather follows from the increase in oscillator strength which counteracts a smaller increase in band gap with $P$. Our calculations also suggest that the index of refraction (for visible and near-UV light) of the higher-$T\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{B}_{2}$ phase should be quite close to that of the ${B}_{1}$ (ambient crystalline) phase. These findings may be of interest to researchers who use LiF as a window material in dynamic compression experiments.
Dermal Autograft as an Adjunct to Breast Reconstruction with Tissue Expanders

Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are commonly used in tissue expander breast reconstruction, but they add cost to the procedure and have been associated with increased complications. In addition, many patients are uncomfortable with devices of cadaveric origin and prefer an autologous option. Dermal autograft can be harvested from the lower abdomen with minimal additional operative time and low donor site morbidity. Harvest from the contralateral breast is feasible in patients undergoing bilateral skin-reducing mastectomy. Upon device exchange, autografts are consistently seen to have more complete tissue incorporation and greater vascularity than ADM, and this has been confirmed histologically. Dermal autograft-assisted tissue expander breast reconstruction has been shown to produce aesthetic results equivalent to ADM-assisted reconstruction, with a lower total cost and more favorable risk profile.
Superexponential fluctuation relation for dichotomous work reservoir systems.

This paper introduces an analytical description of the probability density function of the dissipated and injected powers $p({j}_{\mathrm{dis}})$ and $p({j}_{\mathrm{inj}})$, respectively, in a paradigmatic nonequilibrium damped system in contact with a work reservoir that is analytically represented by telegraph noise and to which one can assign an effective temperature. This approach is able to overcome the well-known impossibility of obtaining closed solutions to steady-state distributions of this system and allows determining a superexponential fluctuation relation of the injected power, which is not even asymptotically exponential as for (shot-noise) Poissonian reservoirs. In the white-noise limit, that relation converges to the exponential formula that is standard in thermal systems; however, the distribution of the injected power remains quite different from that of the latter instance. Surprisingly, it is actually shown that a Gaussian distribution, which is archetypal of thermal systems, for the injected power can be achievable only for athermal reservoirs of this kind.
Designing an offshore geophysical network in the Pacific Northwest for earthquake and tsunami early warning and hazard research

Every few hundred years, the Cascadia subduction zone off the coast of the Pacific Northwest hosts devastating earthquakes, and there is a growing awareness of the need to be prepared for these events. An offshore cabled observatory extending the length of the Cascadia subduction zone would enhance the performance of the earthquake and tsunami early warning systems, would enable real time monitoring and predictions of the incoming tsunami, and would contribute substantially to scientific research aimed at mitigating the hazard. The University of Washington has recently initiated a study to develop a conceptual design for the U.S. portion of an offshore observatory for earthquake and tsunami early warning and research. This paper presents the motivation for this work and plans for the study.
Motherhood in the Ancient Indian Buddhist World: A Soteriological Path

This chapter argues that motherhood in ancient Buddhism is conceptualized as a set of activities that focuses on nurturing and spiritual guidance and provides a soteriological path for women. Engelmajer examines two women, Mahāpajāpati, the founder of the order of Buddhist nuns, and Visākhā, a wealthy lay-follower of the Buddha, who both earned the title of “mother” by embodying these mothering activities. Mahāpajāpati was the baby Buddha’s foster-mother, and Visākhā her father-in-law’s spiritual role model and guide, but Engelmajer shows that their mothering extended beyond these relationships to everyone around them throughout their life. The chapter concludes that the Buddhist sources present the mothering experience as a valuable and meaningful means to actualize the Buddhist path within the confines of ancient Indian women’s lay life.
Healthy cooking classes at a children's cancer hospital and patient/survivor summer camps: initial reactions and feasibility.

Objective Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) have been shown to practise suboptimal dietary intake and may benefit from nutrition interventions during and after treatment. Cooking classes have become popular for encouraging healthy eating behaviours in community-based programming and academic research; however, literature on teaching cooking classes in CCS is limited. The purpose of the present study was to address the development and implementation of classes for CCS based on a recently developed framework of healthy cooking behaviour. Design A conceptual framework was developed from a systematic literature review and used to guide healthy cooking classes for CCS in different settings. Setting One paediatric cancer hospital inpatient unit, one paediatric cancer in-hospital camp programme and two off-site paediatric cancer summer camp programmes. Subjects One hundred and eighty-nine CCS of varying ages and thirteen parents of CCS. Results Seventeen classes were taught at camps and seven classes in the hospital inpatient unit. Healthy cooking classes based on the conceptual framework are feasible and were well received by CCS. Conclusions Cooking classes for CCS, both at the hospital and at camp, reinforced the principles of the conceptual framework. Future trials should assess the dietary and anthropometric impact of evidence-based healthy cooking classes in CCS.
What Doesn’t Kill You Makes You Stronger: How Teams Rebound From Early-Stage Relationship Conflict:

Past research overwhelmingly suggests that relationship conflict (RC) has negative effects on team processes and performance. However, little research has investigated the effects of RC through a temporal lens with an eye toward overcoming the short-term deleterious consequences of RC. Integrating threat rigidity and threat regulation theories, we first argue that RC disrupts team processes over time because members feel threatened and, second, that cognitive reappraisal, as an emotion regulation strategy, is a threat regulation mechanism by which teams can overcome RC. Specifically, we examine the influence of early-stage RC on team process trajectories, the moderating effect of team-level cognitive reappraisal on these trajectories, and the team performance implications of team processes. Testing our predictions in both field and laboratory studies with conditional linear growth modeling, we show that while teams with high early-stage RC are lower initially on critical team processes (coordination and i...
ApoCIII as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Modulation by the Novel Lipid-Lowering Agent Volanesorsen

Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII) is now recognized as a key regulator in severe hypertriglyceridemia, chylomicronemia, and conditions of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnant excess due to its inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase, leading to decreased hepatic reuptake of TRLs, as well as enhanced synthesis and secretion of VLDL from the liver. ApoCIII gain-of-function mutations are associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD), and contribute to the development of cardiometabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations in ApoCIII are associated with lower levels of plasma triglycerides (TG), attenuation of vascular inflammatory processes such as monocyte adhesion and endothelial dysfunction, and potentially, a reduction in the incidence and progression of atherosclerosis and cardioprotection. Evidence is now emerging that volanesorsen, a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide drug targeting ApoCIII messenger RNA resulting in decreases in TG in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome, severe hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic dyslipidemia with type 2 diabetes giving support to the hypothesis that ApoCIII is a powerful inhibitor of LPL, and when reduced, endogenous clearance of TRLs can result in substantial reductions in TG levels. Discovery of the ApoCIII inhibitor volanesorsen opens a new era of lipid-lowering drugs for reduction in TG and potentially for reduction in LDL-C. Herein, this review will provide an update on the pathophysiology of ApoCIII-linked atherosclerosis and the development of the first drug to target ApoCIII, volanesorsen, as a promising lipid-lowering agent.
The value of coronary angiography in the work-up of atrial myxomas

Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. They are highly vascular with evidence of neovascularization and a characteristic“tumor blush” in approximately half of the cases. Although the visualization of feeding vessels has several clinical and therapeutic implications, there is still no consensus on the indication of preoperative coronary angiography to assess tumor vascularity except in patients with angina or those older than 40 years to rule out coronary artery disease. Herein, I present a case of an incidentally discovered right atrial mass receiving vascular supply from the right coronary artery. The mass was successfully excised and the diagnosis of cardiac myxoma was confirmed via histopathology. A review of the value of coronary angiography in detecting myxoma neovascularization is provided, which suggests that it can offer additional valuable information that can alter the surgical approach and therefore may be considered prior to myxoma resection.
Evolution of Biocatalytic and Chemocatalytic C–H Functionalization Strategy in the Synthesis of Manzacidin C

Because of their unique molecular architecture, the manzacidins have been the subject of intense synthetic efforts in the past two decades. Here, we describe two synthetic approaches toward manzacidin C that center on the enzymatic hydroxylation of unprotected l-leucine. This study also resulted in the discovery of novel synthetic methodologies, including a photocatalytic C–H azidation of unprotected amino acids. Additionally, we describe the use of hydroxylated l-leucine in the preparation of various densely substituted pyrrolidines.
A multi-objective approach for supply chain design considering disruptions impacting supply availability and quality

Abstract We develop a multi-objective stochastic programming model to explore tradeoffs between costs and risk in the supply chain in the event a disruption occurs. We explicitly consider network configuration and operating cost under normal conditions, cost of unsatisfied demand, cost of shipping tainted products to a customer, and quality inspection cost as conflicting goals to be minimized simultaneously. We analyze different disruption scenarios to determine the best supplier selection and inspection strategies to mitigate the effect of disruptions on supply availability and quality. Even the single-objective version of this problem is NP-hard; thus, we propose a genetic algorithm-based search method to identify Pareto-optimal supply chain configurations. We use data envelopment analysis for calculating the fitness value of various supply chain configurations. The proposed approach efficiently yields high-quality supply chain designs, allowing the decision maker to determine an appropriate tradeoff between various costs.
The Value of Life: Editor's Introduction

Issues pertaining to the value of life involve some of the most fundamental concepts in the area of risk and uncertainty. Individual perceptions of mortality risks have long served as the reference point for assessing how people think about risk. Since the time of Adam Smith economists have focused on market choices involving fatality risks, particularly those on the job, in order to assess how reliably individuals make choices in risk contexts and how markets respond to their expressed risk preferences. More recently, the value of life has become an explicit issue in policy debates. In the United States government, agencies have been explicitly valuing statistical lives using appropriate value-of-life methodologies for over a decade. The policy issues are intertwined with a wide variety of concerns pertaining to how people think about risk and how they make decisions involving mortality risk. These policy concepts raise other pertinent concerns as well. Life-saving efforts do not confer immortality, but extend life probabilistically. How should the framers of government policy incorporate recognition of the duration of life lost and the quality of those life years? Timing also enters in other ways as lives saved now may have a different value than lives saved in the future. The first part of the special issue on the value of life appeared in the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Volume 14, Number 3, and the second segment of papers appears in this issue. Whereas the previous issue is more wide-ranging in focus, this issue focuses almost exclusively on timing and duration issues. The first of the value-of-life journal issues began with a paper by Viscusi, Hakes, and Carlin. Their catalog of the risks of death by cause was distinctive in that it distinguished not only overall mortality risks but the duration of life lost as well. Doing so increases the relative importance of accidents as compared to deferred illnesses. Using these estimates, the authors showed that many well-known perceptional biases can be traced to a failure to adjust for the duration of life lost. The paper estimated the implicit rate of discount that people use in assessing the discounted expected life-years lost to various causes of death, which they find to be between 3.3 and 12.4 percent. Their calculations of the cost effectiveness of regulatory policies are in terms of the cost per discounted life-year saved, decreasing the relative efficacy of regulations affecting health as compared to those affecting safety. The paper by Jenni and Loewenstein explores the “identifiable victim effect.” It has long been observed that people are willing to pay more for saving an identified life than saving a statistical life. The classic example in the literature pertains to the amount society would pay to save a trapped girl in a well. Is this attachment to identified lives irrational, or is the lower value attached to statistical lives a reflection of people’s failure to think
Financing for Collaborative Care—a Narrative Review

Collaborative care (CoCM) is an evidence-based model for the treatment of common mental health conditions in the primary care setting. Its workflow encourages systematic communication among clinicians outside of face-to-face patient encounters, which has posed financial challenges in traditional fee-for-service reimbursement environments. Organizations have employed various financing strategies to promote CoCM sustainability, including external grants, alternate payment model contracts with specific payers, and the use of billing codes for individual components of CoCM. In recent years, Medicare approved fee-for-service, time-based billing codes for CoCM that allow for the reimbursement of patient care performed outside of face-to-face encounters. A growing number of Medicaid and commercial payers have followed suit, either recognizing the fee-for-service codes or contracting to reimburse in alternate payment models. Although significant challenges remain, novel methods for payment and cooperative efforts among insurers have helped move CoCM closer to financial sustainability.
Genetic Considerations in the Evaluation of Menstrual Cycle Irregularities

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the genetic factors of menstrual cycle disorders. The normal menstrual cycle results from a complex and integrated process requiring the coordination of hormonal secretion and signaling within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The disruption of these signals in the axis is manifested clinically as amenorrhea or as oligomenorrhea. It discusses the genetic causes of oligo-amenorrhea that primarily affect ovarian and adrenal function and the etiology of premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome and non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Premature ovarian failure (POF) refers to the cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40 years and its diagnosis is based on the presence of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in conjunction with circulating FSH levels that are in the menopausal range. POF occurs in both familial and sporadic X-chromosome abnormalities as seen in Turner's syndrome and Trisomy X. Polycystic ovary syndrome is described as among the most common hormonal disorders in women, presenting with menstrual irregularities. Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is stated to be a genetic disorder that leads to oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea and occurs due to deficiency in the 21-hydroxylase gene.
The Threat of Ambiguity: Risk and Faith in Relational Ethnography and Interdisciplinary Dialogue

Mary Douglas has identified the discomfort people feel in circumstances of ambiguity. For social groups, both informal and institutionalized, the wish for what Douglas calls “hard lines and clear concepts” (1966:200) can create in-groups that are self-referential and oppressive. While boundaries are integral to any community, I suggest that social groups must interact with one another with a sense of ontological permeability that is rooted in dialogical relationship in order to both transcend and affirm their boundaries appropriately. The same is true between ethnographers and those they study. In this paper, I will draw on a conversation I had with several young Norwegian Christians I interviewed during field research conducted at the Grimstad Bible School in Southern Norway to illustrate how reflexive ethnography and transcultural dialogue can be conducted with a sense of both risk and faith. I will also argue that both ethnographic work and interdisciplinary discourse can benefit from creating permeable boundaries, and that in order to do so, academics from all disciplines will need to let go of the myth of objective reporting and embrace the possibility of finding a sense of what John Milbank would call moving from “unity to difference” and back.