cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New and Old Housing Markets, Term Structure and the Macroeconomy

I construct a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in this paper to study the fluctuations in the U.S. housing markets. The model features a market for newly built houses, a secondary market for old houses, and an endogenous term structure of nominal interest rates. Negative technological progress in the housing sector explains the upward trend in house prices over the past four decades. Housing preference and technology innovations explain about 80% of the volatility of housing investment, real price of new houses, and the old-to-new house price ratio. Monetary factors explain about 15% of the volatility of housing investment, but do not significantly contribute to the price fluctuations of either new or old houses. The preference innovation to old houses is the leading determinant of the run-up in the price of old houses relative to the price of new houses during the 10-year period before the Great Recession. The term structure is endogenous in this paper, and the intertemporal preference innovation makes a non-negligible contribution to the variations in nominal interest rates. Housing market conditions do not contribute much to the fluctuations of interest rates, but significantly affect the shape of the yield curve.
Additional analyses exploring the hypothesized transdifferentiation of plasmablasts to developing neutrophils in severe COVID-19

We thank Alquicira-Hernandez et al. for their reanalysis of our single-cell transcriptomic dataset profiling peripheral immune responses to severe COVID-19. We agree that careful analysis of single-cell sequencing data is important for generating cogent hypotheses but find several aspects of their criticism of our analysis to be problematic. Here we respond briefly to misunderstandings and inaccuracies in their commentary that may have led to misinformed interpretation of our results.
How Can Cognitive-Science Research Help Improve Education? The Case of Comparing Multiple Strategies to Improve Mathematics Learning and Teaching:

The current article focuses on efforts to understand how a basic learning process—comparison—can be harnessed to improve learning, especially mathematics learning in schools. To harness the power o...
Legends in urology.

At the invitation of The Canadian Journal of Urology, I am writing about some of my career history that may have meaningful value for readers. It is an enjoyable honor and challenge. Recently, I gave presentations on the living legend of Dr. Richards Lyon. His book “The Process Mind” is one urologists would enjoy reading. Its message here is the value of keeping a regular journal, especially of the “busy” years of one’s practice. The pictures on my office walls, I feel, are windows through which my mentors are checking on me. Favorite scenes of my past also evoke helpful interchanges with my patients. I would suggest these tools may be helpful to young urologists starting their practice.
Identified, but not identical: exploring the influence of collective narcissism in team identification

To date, inquiry into team identification has focussed on the implications for consumer behaviour, with relatively limited focus on within group differences of highly identified fans. In the curren...
Childhood Obesity and COVID-19 Lockdown: Remarks on Eating Habits of Patients Enrolled in a Food-Education Program.

Childhood obesity is a worldwide health emergency. In many cases, it is directly linked to inappropriate eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle. During lockdown aimed at containing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread, children have been forced to stay at home. The present study aimed at investigating the lifestyles of outpatients (aged 5-17 years) with complicated obesity enrolled in the day-hospital food education program at the Children's Hospital Bambino Gesu in Rome. A survey was performed based on a structured questionnaire, investigating dietary habits and lifestyles. The questionnaire answers were rated as "yes/no/sometimes" or "often/never/sometimes". Eighty-eight families correctly completed the questionnaire between March and May 2020. The results highlighted that 85.2% (N = 75) of the patients ate breakfast regularly, and 64.3% (N = 72) consumed fruit as an afternoon snack. However, 21.6% (N = 19) did just "often" home workouts, and 50.0% (N = 44) reported an increase of feeling hungry with "sometimes" frequency. There is a significant relationship of feeling hungry with gender (p < 0.0001) and age (p = 0.048) and, also, between gender with having breakfast (p = 0.020) and cooking (p = 0.006). Living a healthy lifestyle during lockdown was difficult for the outpatients, mainly due to the increase in a sedentary lifestyle and the increase in feeling hungry, but some healthy eating habits were maintained, as advised during the food education program provided before lockdown.
Powerful Privacy Norms in Social Network Discourse

Social media companies wield power over their users through design, policy, and through their participation in public discourse. We set out to understand how companies leverage public relations to influence expectations of privacy and privacy-related norms. To interrogate the discourse productions of companies in relation to privacy, we examine the blogs associated with three major social media platforms: Facebook, Instagram (both owned by Facebook Inc.), and Snapchat. We analyze privacy-related posts using critical discourse analysis to demonstrate how these powerful entities construct narratives about users and their privacy expectations. We find that each of these platforms often make use of discourse about "vulnerable" identities to invoke relations of power, while at the same time, advancing interpretations and values that favor data capitalism. Finally, we discuss how these public narratives might influence the construction of users' own interpretations of appropriate privacy norms and conceptions of self. We contend that expectations of privacy and social norms are not simply artifacts of users' own needs and desires, but co-constructions that reflect the influence of social media companies themselves.
The Inhibition of Growth or Cell Division in Escherichia coli by Different Ionic Species of Platinum(IV) Complexes

When a solution containing the complex ion, [PtCl6]=, and NH4+ ions is irradiated, a photochemical change occurs in which the chloride ions of the ligand are sequentially replaced by 1, 2, or 3 ammonia molecules. The total charge on the complex ion decreases by 1 negative charge for each replacement. These changes can be followed by changes occurring in absorption spectra or in ionophoretic patterns. Each charged species of the complex has a unique effect on the bacteriological growth of Escherichia coli. The doubly negative species is a bacteriocide. The singly negative species appears to have little effect on either growth or cell division processes. The neutral species has little effect on growth, but markedly inhibits cell division processes, forcing filamentous growth. The cis and trans forms of the diamino complex, [PtCl4(NH3)2]0, have been synthesized. The absorption spectra of both have a λmax at 207 mµ. The electrophoretic patterns indicate predominantly neutral species in both cases. The trans form is relatively inefficient in inhibiting cell division, whereas the cis form is fully as efficient as the neutral species in inhibiting cell division. We identify the neutral species as the cis form of the complex.
Morphine intake and the effects of naltrexone and buprenorphine on the acquisition of methamphetamine intake

Some common genetic factors appear to influence risk for drug dependence across multiple drugs of abuse. In previous research, mice that were selectively bred for higher amounts of methamphetamine consumption, using a two-bottle choice methamphetamine drinking procedure, were found to be less sensitive to the locomotor stimulant effects of morphine and of the more selective μ-opioid receptor agonist fentanyl, compared to mice that were bred for low methamphetamine consumption. This suggested that μ-opioid receptor-mediated pathways may influence genetic risk for methamphetamine consumption. We hypothesized that these differences in opioid sensitivity would impact opioid intake in the methamphetamine drinking lines and that drugs with μ-opioid receptor activity would impact methamphetamine intake. Consumption of morphine was examined in 2, two-bottle choice studies, one that compared morphine to quinine consumption and another that used a saccharin fading procedure. Next, naltrexone (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, and buprenorphine (0, 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg), a μ-opioid receptor partial agonist, were each examined for their effects on the acquisition of methamphetamine consumption. Low methamphetamine drinking mice consumed more morphine compared to high methamphetamine drinking mice. Naltrexone did not alter methamphetamine consumption in either selected line; however, buprenorphine reduced methamphetamine intake in the high methamphetamine drinking line. These data show that greater sensitivity to opioids is associated with greater opioid intake and warrant further investigation of drugs with μ-opioid receptor-specific agonist activity in genetically determined differences in methamphetamine consumption.
A Review of “Clinical Toxicology”

A book combining the clinical and laboratory aspects of drug overdose or poisoning is always a welcome addition to the scientific and medical literature. The author(s) abandoned the original tenet “a book to be readily useful should be small.” The 5th edition follows the format of the previous ones, but it has been enlarged with much new material.
Ophiostomatales isolated from two European bark beetles, Hylurgus ligniperda and Orthotomicus erosus, in California

Two European pine-infesting bark beetles, Hylurgus ligniperda and Orthotomicus erosus, were first detected in July 2003 in Los Angeles, California and in May 2004 in the Central Valley of California, respectively. These bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are common vectors of fungi in the Ophiostomatales, some of which are tree pathogens or causal agents of blue stain of conifer sapwood. Ophiostomatales were isolated on a cycloheximide-amended medium, which is semi-selective for the growth of Ophiostoma and related genera. In total, eight identified species and seven unidentified species of Ophiostomatales were isolated from 118 adults of H. ligniperda collected from infested pine logs at two sites in California. In the case of H. ligniperda, Ophiostoma ips and Grosmannia galeiforme were isolated from 31% and 23% of the 118 beetles, respectively. The other species isolated included O. piceae (isolated from 9% of the beetles), O. querci (8%), and a new species that will be described as Leptographium tereforme (6%). Grosmannia huntii, L. serpens, three Sporothrix spp., O. floccosum, O. stenoceras, two unidentified Hyalorhinocladiella spp., and a sterile fungus were each isolated from less than 5% of the beetles. In contrast, one identified species and four unidentified species of Ophiostomatales were isolated from 202 adults of O. erosus collected from infested pines at four sits in California. Ophiostoma ips was isolated from 85% of the 202 adults of O. erosus. Beside O. ips, a sterile fungus was isolated with 16% frequency, and two Sporothrix spp. and a species of Hyalorhinocladiella were isolated with fewer than 3% of the O. erosus. Most of the identified species were previously known in the USA and have been found in association
Conservation patterns in cis -elements reveal compensatory mutations

Transcriptional regulation critically depends on proper interactions between transcription factors (TF) and their cognate DNA binding sites or cis elements. A better understanding and modelling of the TF-DNA interaction is an important area of research. The Positional Weight Matrix (PWM) is the most common model of TF-DNA binding and it presumes that the nucleotide preferences at individual positions within the binding site are independent. However, studies have shown that this independence assumption does not always hold. If the nucleotide preference at one position depends on the nucleotide at another position, a chance mutation at one position should exert selection pressures at the other position. By comparing the patterns of evolutionary conservation at individual positions within cis elements, here we show that positional dependence within binding sites is highly prevalent. We also show that dependent positions are more likely to be functional, as evidenced by a higher information content and higher conservation. We discuss two examples—Elk-1 and SAP-1 where the inferred compensatory mutation is consistent with known TF-DNA crystal structure.
T7 RNA polymerase.

Abstract Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the best characterized member of a widespread family of RNAPs that includes most bacteriophage-encoded RNAPs as well as the mitochondrial RNAPs. The robust activity and strict promoter specificity of the phage RNAPs have made them extremely useful as reagents for both in vitro preparation of specific RNAs and for in vivo gene expression. The structural simplicity of these enzymes, relative to the larger multisubunit cellular RNAPs, has also made them attractive targets for structural, structure–function, and mechanistic studies. X-Ray crystal structures of T7 RNAP alone, in complexes with promoter and with a transcriptional regulator, and in a transcription complex have been determined. The structures reveal that despite extremely limited sequence similarity, the three-dimensional structure of T7 RNAP is very similar to that of other polymerases with different template and substrate specificities. Extensive structure–function studies have mapped specific T7 RNAP functions to defined regions of the polymerase, and even to individual amino acids. Studies of the transcription reaction mediated by this enzyme reveal a remarkably coordinated and conformationally dynamic process, with changes in polymerase conformation, DNA and RNA secondary structure, and nucleic acid:protein interactions occurring throughout the reaction. A sophisticated regulatory mechanism takes advantage of these dynamic processes to specifically control T7 RNAP activity so as to generate required proteins at appropriate times and amounts during the phage life-cycle.
Visualization in scientific computing

Publisher Summary Computational science and engineering (CSE it enables them to analyze the data to uncover new information. Computational scientists rely upon a host of high-volume data sources in order to conduct their research. However, they are deluged by the flood of data generated. Using an exclusively numerical format, the human brain cannot interpret gigabytes of data each day, so much information now goes to waste. It is impossible for users to ever quantitatively examine more than a tiny fraction of the solution; that is, it is impossible to investigate the qualitative global nature of numeric solutions. Therefore, the ability to visualize complex computations and simulations is absolutely essential to ensure the integrity of analyses, to provoke insights, and to communicate those insights with others. The chapter focuses on visualization. It is a method of computing that gives visual form to complex data. The growing importance of CS&E, especially with supercomputer capabilities, is creating a commensurate need for more sophisticated visual representations of natural phenomena across time. This requires the development of new tool sets for image generation, visual communication, and analysis. The chapter discusses examples of scientific-visualization for facilitating CS&E research specifically in the fields of planetary sciences, molecular modeling, mathematics, and medical Imaging. The chapter also highlights the current limitations and bottlenecks in visualization technology, focusing on software limitations, data management limitation, hardware limitations, educational limitations, and communication and publication limitation.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: Incidence in prothrombotic states

Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare clotting event with a highly variable clinical presentation. Local and systemic infections, collagen vascular disorders, malignancies, pregnancy and puerperium, and the use of oral contraceptives (OC) have been strongly associated with CVT. It is clear that a minority of individuals with the above conditions develop CVT. Therefore, inherited or acquired prothrombotic states may play a key role in the development of this disease. In recent years, the discovery of new thrombophilic risk factors such as factor V Leiden and the prothrombin gene mutation has contributed to the understanding of the environment-gene interaction in the development of thrombosis. Several studies have found factor V Leiden to be the most common coagulation abnormality in patients with CVT, with a prevalence of 20% to 25%. Immobilization, puerperium, or the use of oral contraceptives, factors considered to increase the risk of developing thromboses, were present in the majority of the cases. The odds ratio for CVT in women heterozygous for the prothrombin gene mutation taking OC was 150, with an odds ratio of 10 for carriers of the mutation and 22 for OC users, respectively. Hence, the inherited or acquired hypercoagulable states establish the conditions for thrombosis to develop when certain factors are present. Numerous cases of factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation in patients with CVT during pregnancy and puerperium have been reported, and the prevalence of prothrombotic risk factors appears to be similar to the ones in patients with extracerebral thrombosis during the same period. CVT in neonates and young infants is a rare, but well-recognized disorder with a high morbidity rate. The prevalence of congenital and inherited prothrombotic risk factors in children with CVT is comparable or even higher than in the adult population. Although advances have been made in the characterization of prothrombotic risk factors in patients with CVT, many cases still are considered idiopathic. Larger, well-designed, prospective studies will allow practitioners to determine the population at risk for CVT. Therefore, adequate measures can be taken in order to prevent this severe thrombotic disorder.
Animal models of melanoma: Recent advances and future prospects

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the genetic basis of human melanoma and describes how this information is employed to construct and refine in vivo animal model systems for this disease. The focus is placed on the mouse and how genetics and transgenic technology are being used to generate an accurate melanoma model. The chapter discusses the clinical aspects and molecular basis for melanoma. It is suggested that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play crucial roles in coordinated development and proliferation of normal melanocytes and contribute to uncontrolled growth and progression of melanomas. The chapter discusses several RTKs that have been implicated in melanoma genesis or progression, either through correlative expression analyses in human melanoma cell lines or by genetic experiments in animal models. In addition, the chapter emphasizes the requirement to study cancer in an in vivo setting. Mouse tumor model systems, employing advances in transgenic technology and cancer genetics, are generated with varying fidelity. The development of inducible and conditional knockout strains may provide for a more physiologic approach enabling the stepwise acquisition of genetic lesions that is a hallmark of human malignancy. With these tools in hand, one can strive to achieve the ultimate goals of cancer research: improvement in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer.
Association of sperm protein 17 with A-kinase anchoring protein 3 in flagella

Background Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a three-domain protein that contains: 1) a highly conserved N-terminal domain that is 45% identical to the human type II alpha regulatory subunit (RII alpha) of protein kinase A (PKA); 2) a central sulphated carbohydrate-binding domain; and 3) a C-terminal Ca++/calmodulin (CaM) binding domain. Although Sp17 was originally discovered and characterized in spermatozoa, its mRNA has now been found in a variety of normal mouse and human tissues. However, Sp17 protein is found predominantly in spermatozoa, cilia and human neoplastic cell lines. This study demonstrates that Sp17 from spermatozoa binds A-kinase anchoring protein 3 (AKAP3), confirming the functionality of the N-terminal domain.
Using Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) to Model High-responding Peptides for Targeted Proteomics Experiments

Targeted mass spectrometry is an essential tool for detecting quantitative changes in low abundant proteins throughout the proteome. Although selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is the preferred method for quantifying peptides in complex samples, the process of designing SRM assays is laborious. Peptides have widely varying signal responses dictated by sequence-specific physiochemical properties; one major challenge is in selecting representative peptides to target as a proxy for protein abundance. Here we present PREGO, a software tool that predicts high-responding peptides for SRM experiments. PREGO predicts peptide responses with an artificial neural network trained using 11 minimally redundant, maximally relevant properties. Crucial to its success, PREGO is trained using fragment ion intensities of equimolar synthetic peptides extracted from data independent acquisition experiments. Because of similarities in instrumentation and the nature of data collection, relative peptide responses from data independent acquisition experiments are a suitable substitute for SRM experiments because they both make quantitative measurements from integrated fragment ion chromatograms. Using an SRM experiment containing 12,973 peptides from 724 synthetic proteins, PREGO exhibits a 40–85% improvement over previously published approaches at selecting high-responding peptides. These results also represent a dramatic improvement over the rules-based peptide selection approaches commonly used in the literature.
Osteonecrosis After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of a Bicolumnar Fracture of the Distal Humerus: A Report of Four Cases

Four cases with osteonecrosis of the trochlea after open reduction and internal fixation of a fracture involving both the medial and lateral columns of the distal humerus above the base of the olecranon fossa (a bicolumnar fracture of the distal humerus) are reported to bring attention to this complication.
Mathematical modeling of transdermal drug-delivery systems: Analysis and applications

Abstract A closed-form mathematical solution was obtained for in vitro skin permeation of a drug dissolved in a vehicle. The solution to the mathematical model, which was described by Fickian diffusion equations and appropriate boundary conditions, was derived using Laplace transform methods. The Residue theorem was applied to invert the equations from the Laplace domain into the time domain. The closed-form solution, obtained for the present percutaneous drug-delivery model, can be readily applied to many drug/vehicle systems to predict drug-release profiles, reducing the cost associated with extensive experimental procedures. In this work, the developed solution was used to assess the relative impact of different physicochemical parameters on the drug-release profiles. Such parameters include the vehicle–skin partition coefficient for the drug km, the thickness of applied medicament la and the diffusion through the vehicle D1. Results showed that the rate of drug delivery decreased with an increase in the vehicle–skin partition coefficient. The time required for all of the drug to penetrate through the skin is less for a small dose than for a large dose.
Effects of Study Abroad Participation on Student Graduation Rates: A Study of Three Incoming Freshman Cohorts at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.

Study abroad participation is increasing. National and institutional resources are being devoted to internationalization. Assessments stress the importance of learning outcomes among study abroad participants. The confluence of these influences led the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, to gather data on graduation rates of study abroad participants and compare them to those of non-participants. We analyzed the data and the patterns that emerge among subsets of the students by college of enrollment and for students of color. The data suggest that study abroad participation may not harm graduation rates and that it is highly correlated with high graduation rates among under-prepared and at-risk undergraduates as well as students of color. We highlight the implications of the study for academic advisors. Relative Emphasis: practice, research, theory
Binocular lens treatment in tree shrews: Effect of age and comparison of plus lens wear with recovery from minus lens-induced myopia.

We examined normal emmetropization and the refractive responses to binocular plus or minus lenses in young (late infantile) and juvenile tree shrews. In addition, recovery from lens-induced myopia was compared with the response to a similar amount of myopia produced with plus lenses in age-matched juvenile animals. Normal emmetropization was examined with daily noncycloplegic autorefractor measures from 11 days after natural eye-opening (days of visual experience [VE]) when the eyes were in the infantile, rapid growth phase and their refractions were substantially hyperopic, to 35 days of VE when the eyes had entered the juvenile, slower growth phase and the refractions were near emmetropia. Starting at 11 days of VE, two groups of young tree shrews wore binocular +4 D lenses (n=6) or -5 D lenses (n=5). Starting at 24 days of VE, four groups of juvenile tree shrews (n=5 each) wore binocular +3 D, +5 D, -3 D, or -5 D lenses. Non-cycloplegic measures of refractive state were made frequently while the animals wore the assigned lenses. The refractive response of the juvenile plus-lens wearing animals was compared with the refractive recovery of an age-matched group of animals (n=5) that were myopic after wearing a -5 D lens from 11 to 24 days of VE. In normal tree shrews, refractions (corrected for the small eye artifact) declined rapidly from (mean±SEM) 6.6±0.6 D of hyperopia at 11 VE to 1.4±0.2 D at 24 VE and 0.8±0.4 D at 35 VE. Plus 4 D lens treatment applied at 11 days of VE initially corrected or over-corrected the young animals' hyperopia and produced a compensatory response in most animals; the eyes became nearly emmetropic while wearing the +4 D lenses. In contrast, plus-lens treatment starting at 24 days of VE initially made the juvenile eyes myopic (over-correction) and, on average, was less effective. The response ranged from no change in refractive state (eye continued to experience myopia) to full compensation (emmetropic with the lens in place). Minus-lens wear in both the young and juvenile groups, which initially made eyes more hyperopic, consistently produced compensation to the minus lens so that eyes reached age-appropriate refractions while wearing the lenses. When the minus lenses were removed, the eyes recovered quickly to age-matched normal values. The consistent recovery response from myopia in juvenile eyes after minus-lens compensation, compared with the highly variable response to plus lens wear in age-matched juvenile animals suggests that eyes retain the ability to detect the myopic refractive state, but there is an age-related decrease in the ability of normal eyes to use myopia to slow their elongation rate below normal. If juvenile human eyes, compared with infants, have a similar difficulty in using myopia to slow axial elongation, this may contribute to myopia development, especially in eyes with a genetic pre-disposition to elongate.
More components of superspace

Abstract We continue our investigation of the relation of the superspace and component formulations of supergravity. We complete the transcription of the tensor calculus [1,2] into superfield notation, and give explicit examples.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in a National Football League Player: Case report and emerging medicolegal practice questions

AbstractWe present a case of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in a retired National Football League (NFL) Player with autopsy findings, apolipoprotein E genotype, and brain tissue evidence of chronic brain damage. This 44-year-old retired NFL player manifested a premortem history of cognitive
Large‐scale multiple hypothesis testing in information retrieval: Towards a new approach to document ranking

Information retrieval (IR) may be considered an instance of a common modern statistical problem: a massive simultaneous hypothesis test. Such problems arise often in biostatistics where plentiful data must be winnowed to name a small number of potentially “interesting” cases. For instance, DNA microarray analysis requires researchers to filter thousands of genes, searching for genes implicated in a particular condition. This paper describes a novel approach to IR that is based on the notion of simultaneous hypothesis testing. In this case the test is performed on each document and the null hypothesis is that the document is non-relevant. After a mathematical derivation of the proposed model, we test its performance on three standard data sets against the effectiveness of two baseline IR systems, a vector space model and a language modeling-based system. These preliminary experiments show that the hypothesis testing approach to IR is not only philosophically appealing, but that it also operates at the state of the art in effectiveness.
Empirically based assessment of competence to stand trial: Instrument development and preliminary findings

An instrument was designed to assist mental health professionals in objectively assessing competence to stand trial. Items were empirically derived based on input from multidisciplinary teams of mental health professionals experienced in working with forensic patients in a state hospital. Procedures were adapted from Goldfried and D'Zurella's five-stage behavioral-analytic model for the assessment of social competence. The resulting 15-item audiotaped scale assessed both legal and social competence based on reported responding in jail, in interactions with lawyers, and in the courtroom. Interrater reliability on scoring of responses ranged from.68-.96. High correlations between social and legal competence (.56-.82) demonstrated the likelihood of overlap of these constructs and the importance of directly addressing both. A pilot intervention program was designed from the instrument and implemented with three forensic patients. Failure to demonstrate change in these subjects is briefly discussed, and recommendations for future efforts in this area are made. Language: en
JOURNAL-TO-JOURNAL CITATION DATA: ISSUES OF VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Citation analysis is a useful method for studying a wide range of topics in bibliometrics and the sociology of science. However, many challenges have been made to the validity and reliability of the underlying assumptions, the data, and the methods used in citation studies. This article addresses these issues in three parts. First is a brief review of validity and reliability issues in citation research. Next we explore measurement error in a principal source of journal-to-journal citation data, the Institute for Scientific Information'sJournal Citation Reports. Possible sources of measurement error include discrepancies between citing and cited data, changed or deleted journal titles, aberrant abbreviations, and listing algorithms. The last section is a detailed description of ways to overcome some of the measurement errors. The data and examples are drawn from a journal-to-journal citation study in the fields of Communication, Information Science, and Library Science.
ABET Criterion 3.f: How Much Curriculum Content is Enough?

Even after multiple cycles of ABET accreditation, many engineering programs are unsure of how much curriculum content is needed to meet the requirements of ABET’s Criterion 3.f (an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility). This study represents the first scholarly attempt to assess the impact of curriculum reform following the introduction of ABET Criterion 3.f. This study sought to determine how much professional and ethical responsibility curriculum content was used between 1995 and 2005, as well as how, when, why, and to what effect changes in the amount of content occurred. Subsequently, the study sought to evaluate if different amounts of curriculum content generated differing student outcomes. The amount of curriculum content used by each of the participating programs was identified during semi-structured interviews with program administrators and a review of ABET Self-Study documents. Quantitative methods were applied to determine if a relationship existed between the curriculum content and performance on a nationally administered, engineering-specific standardized examination. The findings indicate a statistical relationship, but a lack of structure between the amount of required content in the curriculum and performance on the examination. Additional findings were also generated regarding the way that programs interpret the Criterion 3.f feedback generated during accreditation visits. The primary impact of this study is that it dispels the myth that more courses or course time on professionalism and ethics will necessarily lead to positive engineering education outcomes. Much of the impetus to add more curriculum content results from a lack of conclusive feedback during ABET accreditation visits.
Using Problem-Based Learning in a Multidisciplinary Setting

The purpose of this project was to provide a capstone learning experience for senior interior design, retail merchandising, and graphic arts students at a small liberal arts university in a multidisciplinary, collaborative setting through the use of Problem-Based Learning. Students enrolled in three different classes were given a problem that simulated a real world situation—to develop and design a retail business in a specific commercial area—and divided into teams to complete the project. The culmination of the project was a juried competition using professionals from interior design, retail, banking, and graphic arts as judges. Evaluations, both formal and informal, indicate the success of the use of Problem-Based Learning in helping students develop metacognitive and problem-solving skills such as enhancing personal relationship skills and becoming self-directed learners.
Nursing process outcome linkage research: issues, current status, and health policy implications.

Background The use of large clinical datasets to assess the effectiveness of health care is of growing interest in continuing efforts to understand the impact of healthcare costs on quality. Correspondingly, there is a greater need to define and measure outcomes that are sensitive to nursing interventions. However, concerns exist about the ability to amass and use large clinical nursing datasets to assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Some nursing studies have used large clinical datasets to examine patterns of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. Among patient populations, however, systematic effectiveness studies of nursing process and outcome linkages at the individual nurse and patient level of analysis are essentially nonexistent. This is largely the result of slow development of nursing classifications, reference terminologies, and reference information standards. Nursing information systems have an unprecedented potential for documentation of nursing practice, as well as the accumulation and analysis of large clinical datasets, to improve nursing performance, increase nursing knowledge, and provide data and information necessary for nursing to participate in the formulation of healthcare policy. Objectives A literature search shows that a common framework is beginning to evolve that represents nursing's essential information, eg, the Nursing Minimum Data Set, Management Minimum Data Set, and several standardized nursing languages. Extensive research and other initiatives have produced 1) nursing languages and reference terminologies that span healthcare settings; 2) information models; and 3) standards for datasets supporting information systems. A number of issues remain, however, that concern the development of uniform nursing datasets, definitions of outcomes, quality of nursing data, information system design, and methods of data analysis. We review nursing process outcome research, clarify issues inherent in nursing effectiveness research, and discuss implications for nursing and health policy.
Evidence for the involvement of Ala 166 in coupling Na(+) to sugar transport through the human Na(+)/glucose cotransporter.

We mutated residue 166, located in the putative Na+ transport pathway between transmembrane segments 4 and 5 of human Na+/glucose cotransporter (hSGLT1), from alanine to cysteine (A166C). A166C was...
Election Theology and the Problem of Universalism

This essay critiques the widespread tendencies to assume that universalism is always progressive while particularism is always regressive and that the Bible over time moves away from an intolerant particularism toward a tolerant universalism. In the course of the study, one comes to see that utilizing these binary modern categories often impedes one’s ability to understand the text in its own context. The author concludes by arguing that the Bible’s election theology provides evidence that universalism arose not through a waning of Israel’s sense of her self identity as God’s chosen people, but rather through Israel’s ever deepening reflection on the meaning and significance of her elect status.
Background Television as an Inhibitor of Cognitive Processing

Proposed and tested is a causal process that could account for empirical relationships between television viewing and academic achievement. It is argued that television, when used as a secondary activity, interferes with performance on otherwise intellectually demanding tasks. Performance on seven different cognitive processing tests were examined for respondents in four television-viewing conditions and a no-TV control group. Dependent variables included measures of short-term memory, linguistic processing speed, reading comprehension, complex problem-solving abilities, and mental flexibility. Predictions based on four mechanisms were tested. Significant performance decrements in television conditions occurred for measures of reading comprehension, spatial problem solving, and cognitive flexibility. Results were most consistent with the idea that background television influences performance by causing cognitive processing capacity limits to be exceeded on difficult and complex tasks.
Effects of surfactants on the transport properties of redox species through Nafion® membranes

Previous research in our group has employed tetraalkylammonium bromides to alter the micellar structure of Nafion® membranes to affect flux of redox species through the membrane. However, research by Patist et al. has shown that maximum micellar stability occurs when the chain lengths of the both the main micellar component and the surfactant are the same in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles (SDS). When considering the steric hindrance of large, spherical ammonium salts and the effect of chain length compatibility on micellar stability, it was determined that n-alkyltrimethylammonium and n-alkyltriethylammonium surfactants may be more favorable in altering the pore structure. This research focuses on mixture-casting Nafion® with ammonium-based surfactants in order to form more stable Nafion® membranes with larger pore structures and a less acidic environment that will be more biocompatible with entrapping dehydrogenase enzymes within the membrane. n-Alkyltriethylammonium and n-alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants decreased the number of available exchange sites to proton (proton exchange capacity) of the membrane and they altered the transport of redox species through the membrane. Phenyltrimethylammonium bromide treated Nafion® membranes and triethylhexylammonium bromide treated Nafion® membranes were found to successfully immobilize dehydrogenase enzymes while maintaining enzyme activity.
Spouse abuse: social learning, attribution and interventions.

Forty male respondents, 20 batterers and 20 non-batterers comparably matched for education, sex, age, employment, and occupation in a non-probabilistic sample, were administered the Conflict Tactics Scale and the Causal Dimension Scale in order to measure exposure to violence in both family and non-family environments and to determine how respondents attributed the cause of spousal conflict. The results demonstrate that batterers were exposed to violence in non-family environments, particularly with their friends, and did not differ with respect to exposure to violence and suggestions are made with respect to points of intervention. Language: en
Developing Positive Team Collaborations

search community thrive. I will use examples from research on learning communities and make analogies to my own experience with the Cooperative Institute of Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS; University of Wisconsin—Madison), one of many NOAA cooperative institutes, to support these opinions. Research communities thrive when they bring people together for shared learning, discovery, and the generation of knowledge. Research communities thrive when all participants take responsibility for achieving the goals. Drawing from education research on learning communities, I posit that there are four core ideas that define a successful research community.
Preparation of Cu-Nb alloys for multifilamentaryin situ superconducting wire

A study has been made of two techniques, chill casting and consumable arc melting, for preparing ingots of Cu-Nb alloy for production of multifilamentary Nb3Sn superconducting wire. It was found that Y2O3, ThO2 and graphite all make excellent crucible materials for melting Cu-Nb alloys at 1850° C. Some difficulty was found with Nb segregation in chill-cast 5 cm diameter ingots. The consumable arc casting technique was shown to produce a uniform Nb dendrite distribution with little macrosegregation in 5 cm diameter castings and is regarded as having excellent potential for scale-up production of uniform Cu-Nb ingots of 25 to 30 cm diameter.
Why we hate performance management-—And why we should love it

Abstract Individual performance is a building block of organizational success. Not surprisingly, virtually all organizations have in place some type of performance management system. Yet, managers and employees are equally skeptical that performance management adds value; usually, it is seen as a waste of time and resources. We argue that the potential benefits of performance management are not realized because most systems focus exclusively on narrow and evaluative aspects such as performance appraisal. Herein, we offer a broader view of performance management, including discussion of how it differs from performance appraisal. We highlight specific and important benefits of performance management for employees, managers, and organizations. We also describe research-based conclusions regarding how performance management systems should be designed and implemented to realize these benefits. We hope our article will demonstrate that well-constructed performance management systems should not be hated, but rather embraced.
Thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis on metallocene ULDPE/PP blends to optimize impact properties

Metallocene polymerized ultralow density polyethylenes (ULDPE) were found to be effective impact modifiers for rigid matrices such as polypropylene (PP). This is mainly due to the very high level of comonomer incorporation with homogeneous short chain branching distributions (SCBD) brought about by the single site metallocene catalysts. However, a very heterogeneous Ziegler Natta copolymer of 0.88 specific gravity was found to be surprisingly effective in impact modification efficiency. A variety of thermal and morphological techniques were used in this study including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM). It was found that the modulus difference between the two phases, degree of coupling as evidenced by morphology at the phase boundaries, and crystallizable fraction of the rubber phase all played an important role in impact modification. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Neuropeptide K suppresses feeding in the rat.

Abstract We studied the effects of neuropeptide K (NPK), a 36 amino acid residue peptide of the tachykinin family, on latency to onset of feeding and cumulative 1 and 2 h food intake in three experimetal paradigms. Intraperitoneal injection of NPK (1.25 and 3.14 nmol) to food-deprived rats delayed the onset of feeding and significantly decreased the cumulative food intake. Intraperitoneal injection of NPK (1.25 and 3.14 nmol) to water-deprived rats produced no effect on subsequent drinking behavior. Similarly, intraperitoneal injection of NPK (3.14 nmol) 15 min before onset of the dark phase (of the light-dark cycle) significantly delayed the occurrence of ingestive behavior and the cumulative food intake was markedly suppressed. Furthermore, administration of NPK intraperitoneally (0.5–3.14 nmol) 15 min before intraventricular (i.c.v.) injection of neuropeptide Y (NPY 0.47 nmol) to satiated rats significantly suppressed NPY-induced feeding and delayed the onset of ingestive behavior. However, when administered centrally prior to NPY injection, NPK delayed the onset of feeding response only. Collectively, these findings show that NPK can acutely and consistently suppress feeding behavior.
Reactions of substituted thioureas with transition metal nitrates and perchlorates

Abstract A series of co-ordination compounds, Me(Xtu)2,4Y2, where Me = Co and Ni, Xtu = ethylenethiourea (etu) or tetramethylthiourea (tmtu) and Y = [ClO4]− or [NO3]− have been prepared. Using magnetic, i.r. and electronic spectroscopic data the compounds Co(etu)4(NO3)2 and Co(tmtu)4(ClO4)2 are shown to be tetrahedral with co-ordination of the four sulfur donors. The compounds Co(etu)2(NO3)2 and Co(tmtu)2(NO3)2 involved co-ordination to both sulfur of the thiourea and nitrate oxygen. These compounds possess a distorted six co-ordinate configuration with assymetrically bound nitrates. Ni(tmtu)2(NO2)2 exists as two forms, one orange, which appears to be a highly distorted octahedral complex and one green, which has a much less distorted octahedral geometry. I.R. data also indicate that the “square planar compound,” Ni(etu)4(NO3)2, possesses weakly co-ordinated nitrates.
Cokes and graphites produced from anthracene, acridine, and phenazine

Abstract The effect of substitution of nitrogen into the 9 position and 9,10 positions of anthracene in place of C-H groups on the kinetics of carbonization to yield pyridine insolubles (PI) and the properties of the cokes and graphites produced have been studied. Acridine and phenazine exhibit higher carbonization rates than does anthracene. Carbonization of each of these heterocyclics leads to lowtemperature cokes exhibiting large flow domain, isochromatic regions and good graphitizability. However, the elimination of nitrogen from the low-temperature cokes upon their calcination does result in the production of cokes and graphites of lower particle densities and higher surface areas. The result is that these carbons have higher reactivities to air and they probably will lead to the production of artifacts of inferior mechanical properties.
Interface energetics for n-type semiconducting strontium titanate and titanium dioxide contacting liquid electrolyte solutions and competitive photoano

Abstract The interface energetics for n-type TiO 2 and SrTiO 3 in CH 3 CN+0.1 M [n-Bu 4 N] ClO 4 solutions containing various redox reagents ha