cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DecisionQoS: an adaptive, self-evolving QoS arbitration module for storage systems

As a consequence of the current trend towards consolidating computing, storage and networking infrastructures into large centralized data centers, applications compete for shared resources. Open enterprise systems are not designed to provide performance guarantees in the presence of sharing; unregulated competition is very likely to result in a free-for-all where some applications monopolize resources while others starve. Rule-based solutions to the resource arbitration problem suffer from excessive complexity, brittleness, and limitations in their expressive power. We present DecisionQoS, a novel approach for arbitrating resources among multiple competing clients while enforcing QoS guarantees. DecisionQoS requires system administrators to provide a minimal, declarative amount of information about the system and the workloads running on it. That initial input is continuously refined and augmented at run time, by monitoring the system's performance and its reaction to resource allocation decisions. When faced with incomplete information, or with changes in the workload requirements or system capabilities, DecisionQoS adapts to them by applying machine learning techniques; the resulting scheme is highly resilient to unforeseen events. Moreover, it overcomes significant shortcomings of pre-existing, rule-based policy management systems.
A Real-Time PCR Assay for Early Detection of Eastern Filbert Blight

Molnar, T. J., Walsh, E., Capik, J. M., Sathuvalli, V., Mehlenbacher, S. A., Rossman, A. Y., and Zhang, N. 2013. A real-time PCR assay for early detection of eastern filbert blight. Plant Dis. 97:813-818. Eastern filbert blight (EFB) is a devastating disease of European hazelnut, Corylus avellana, which causes economic losses in Oregon, where 99% of the U.S. crop is produced. The causal fungus, Anisogramma anomala, is native to eastern North America, where it is found associated with the American hazelnut (C. americana). Although C. americana is tolerant, EFB causes cankers, branch dieback, and death of C. avellana. Detection and identification of A. anomala is time consuming using conventional methods because the fungus can only be cultured from sporulating perithecia and the disease symptoms and signs only show 12 to 16 months after infection. In this study, a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay based on a ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer was developed for A. anomala. The assay was validated with multiple isolates of A. anomala, closely related species, common environmental microorganisms, and over 100 C. avellana samples. The real-time PCR assay detected as low as 0.12 pg of A. anomala genomic DNA, and positively diagnosed EFB on 82% of asymptomatic plants as early as 15 weeks from infection. The real-time PCR assay is more sensitive and faster than traditional diagnostic methods. It can facilitate hazelnut breeding and disease management by early and accurate diagnosis of EFB.
The interaction of social network size and stressful life events predict delayed-type hypersensitivity among women with metastatic breast cancer

This study examined relationships between social support, stressful life events and antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity. Participants were 72 women with documented metastatic breast carcinoma, who completed self-report measures of social support and life stress. Immune response was assessed using the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test. Number of positive antigens was significantly related to the interaction of social network size and stressful life events (p<0.05). Number of positive antigens was greater for women who had experienced a high frequency of stressful life events but who reported a larger network of support. However, social network size was inversely related to DTH response among women who had experienced fewer stressful life events. Average induration size was not significantly related to the quality of social support, life stress per se, or their interactions. The relationship between social network size and immune response in women with metastatic breast cancer depends on prior stressful life experience.
The Interdependence of U.S. Troop Deployments and Trade in the Developing World

The relationship between political conflict and trade has contributed to a riveting discussion in international relations about whether trade produces conflict, or whether conflict itself reduces trade. Most studies proxy “the flag” using militarized interstate disputes (MIDs). However, extensions of “the flag” might well obtain in environments short of MIDs. A more general way to proxy the flag is troop deployments. The deployment of military troops is an essential element of foreign policy. Using panel data for 126 developing countries from 1965 to 2002 and a two-stage least square approach, this essay investigates the relationship between trade and United States troop deployments. We find that trade and troops have a nonrecursive relationship: trade follows the flag and troops follow trade. Given the increased insecurity in the world today, the results are timely and reinforce previous research about the reciprocal relationship between the flag and trade.
Mask Design for Optical Microlithography—An Inverse Imaging Problem

In all imaging systems, the forward process introduces undesirable effects that cause the output signal to be a distorted version of the input. A typical example is of course the blur introduced by the aperture. When the input to such systems can be controlled, prewarping techniques can be employed which consist of systematically modifying the input such that it (at least approximately) cancels out (or compensates for) the process losses. In this paper, we focus on the optical proximity correction mask design problem for "optical microlithography," a process similar to photographic printing used for transferring binary circuit patterns onto silicon wafers. We consider the idealized case of an incoherent imaging system and solve an inverse problem which is an approximation of the real-world optical lithography problem. Our algorithm is based on pixel-based mask representation and uses a continuous function formulation. We also employ the regularization framework to control the tone and complexity of the synthesized masks. Finally, we discuss the extension of our framework to coherent and (the more practical) partially coherent imaging systems
Molecular Tribometry: Recent Results and Future Prospects

The method of molecular tribometry is described. Ultrathin films of liquids are confined between parallel plates, usually of atomically smooth muscovite mica, such that the apparent area of contact equals the true area of contact. This paper consists of 5 sections. First, the phenomenon of solid lubrication by liquids is described. Second, the alternative viscous response of ultrathin liquid lubricants is described; the microviscosity is considerably enhanced over that of the isotropic liquid. Third, the critical shear strength is shown to have an extreme dependence on the normal pressure. Fourth, the materials requirements for molecular tribometry are discussed. Finally, a discussion is offered of the strengths and limitations of this new tool.
A novel multi-element fractal PIFA with wide pattern coverage for 915 MHz RFID wireless sensors

The performance of a single-element PIFA and a multi-element PIFA are studied and compared to determine their suitability in RFID sensor tags for placement on rotating platforms. Each antenna operates in the 915 MHz frequency band and occupies a maximum area of 90 by 90 sq. mm. It is demonstrated that using the multi-element PIFA in place of the single-element PIFA, 33.33% bandwidth enhancement and superior radiation pattern coverage can be obtained.
Roentgenographic and direct measurement of femoral cortical involution in a prehistoric Mississippian population

Recent roentgenographic studies suggest that periosteal apposition adds femoral cortical bone faster than it is lost by endosteal involution, so that cortical bone area increases with age. A comparison was made of direct and roentgenographic measurements of femoral cortical bone using femora from 23 females and 20 males of a prehistoric Mississippian population dated at A.D. 1540–1700. The comparison revealed that significant errors existed in the technique of radiographic measurement (p<0.000001), in estimating male and female cortical thickness (p<0.000001), and the changes in thickness with age (p<0.000001). There was no significant interaction of the variables: age, sex, and method. The errors arose partly from the inability of the roentgenograph to reveal clearly endosteal porosity, and partly in the assumption that the medial and lateral cortical wall thickness would be representative of the mean cortical thickness. The reduction in cortical thickness (11.3% males and 29.3% females) with age as measured directly is comparable with loss in modern populations.
Many are culled but few are chosen

In his recent book Divine Providence: The Molinist Account, Thomas Flint suggests that necessarily, a world is culled iff it is chosen. I argue that there is good reason to think that this thesis is false. I further argue that the thesis is inconsistent with certain other claims that many theists will want to endorse and hence that many theists will want to reject Flint's claim. I next consider Flint's reasons for endorsing the thesis and argue that his reasons are not good ones. I then examine the implications of this debate with respect to two varieties of Molinism: Fourth Momentism and Fifth Momentism. Finally, I consider some objections to my view.
Efficient, proximity-aware load balancing for structured P2P systems

Structured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems address the load balancing issue in a rather naive way, by simply resorting to the uniformity of the hash function utilized to generate object IDs. Such a random choice of object IDs could result in O(log N) load imbalance. We propose an efficient, proximity-aware load balancing algorithm for such systems. To our knowledge, this is the first work to utilize the proximity information to guide load balancing. In particular, our main contributions are: (1) A self-organized, fully distributed K-nary tree structure is constructed on top of a DHT for load balancing information collection/dissemination and load reassignment. (2) Load balancing is achieved by aligning those two skews in both load distribution and node capacity inhere in P2P systems - that is, have higher capacity nodes carry more loads. (3) Proximity information is utilized to guide load balancing such that virtual servers are assigned and transferred between physically close heavy nodes and light nodes, thereby minimizing the load transferring overhead and making load balancing fast and efficient.
Part-of-Speech Tagging for Twitter: Annotation, Features, and Experiments

We address the problem of part-of-speech tagging for English data from the popular micro-blogging service Twitter. We develop a tagset, annotate data, develop features, and report tagging results nearing 90% accuracy. The data and tools have been made available to the research community with the goal of enabling richer text analysis of Twitter and related social media data sets.
Electromagnetic optimization using taguchi’s method: A case study of band pass filter design

This article presents a global electromagnetic optimization approach using Taguchi's method is linked with the IE3D simulator to design a microstrip band pass filter (BPF). Obtained results show that the desired frequency responses of the microstrip filters are successfully achieved, which demonstrates the validity and efficiency of the presented technique.
Clinical and histological evaluation of portwine stain treatment with a microsecond-pulsed dye-laser at 577 NM†

Test treatment of portwine stains (PWS) was performed with a microsecond-pulsed dye laser at 577 nm using a 2-mm spot diameter. Although selective coagulation of the erythrocytes occurred, this did not result in bleaching of the treated area. Massive destruction of the dilated capillaries is suggested to be a prerequisite for PWS-bleaching, very probably requiring msec (instead of microseconds) laser pulses.
Impact of Desert Environment on the Genesis of African Wave Disturbances

Abstract During summer the meteorological conditions in the lower troposphere between the anticyclonic-shear (north) side and cyclonic-shear side of the midtropospheric easterly jet over North Africa are rather different. A significant dynamical feature on the cyclonic-shear side of the jet core is the reversed potential vorticity gradient, which satisfies the Charney-Stern necessary condition for combined barotropic-baroclinic instability. There is no indication of such combined instability on the anticyclonic-shear side. The desert air to the north is characterized by near-neutral static stability and a marked horizontal temperature gradient as a result of strong surface heating. The role of the unique desert environment in the dynamics and energetics of African wave disturbances is examined based on linearized perturbation analysis. A “dry” (no moist processes) system of primitive equations is used in the analysis. Results reveal that the mean thermal conditions over the east-central African deserts in...
Archaeology at the University of New England, 1975-6

An account of current research at the Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of New England, was published in Australian Archaeology 3, just a year ago (Connah, 1975). The purpose of the present account is to bring the reader up to date with archaeological activities at Armidale over the last year.
A global empirical typology of anthropogenic drivers of environmental change in deltas

It is broadly recognized that river delta systems around the world are under threat from a range of anthropogenic activities. These activities occur at the local delta scale, at the regional river and watershed scale, and at the global scale. Tools are needed to support generalization of results from case studies in specific deltas. Here, we present a methodology for quantitatively constructing an empirical typology of anthropogenic change in global deltas. Utilizing a database of environmental change indicators, each associated with increased relative sea-level rise and coastal wetland loss, a clustering analysis of 48 global deltas provides a quantitative assessment of systems experiencing similar or dissimilar sources and degrees of anthropogenic stress. By identifying quantitatively similar systems, we hope to improve the transferability of scientific results across systems, and increase the effectiveness of delta management best practices. Both K-Means and Affinity Propagation clustering algorithms find similar clusters, with relative stability across small changes in K-Means cluster number. High-latitude deltas appear similar, in terms of anthropogenic environmental stress, to several low-population, low-latitude systems, including the Amazon delta, despite substantially different climatic regimes. Highly urbanized deltas in Southeast Asia form a distinct cluster. By providing a quantitative boundary between groups of delta systems, this approach may also be useful for assessing future delta change and sustainability given projected population growth, urbanization, and economic development trends.
Orientation and job success of mental hospital patients.

A follow-up study of 43 mental hospital patients in a Vocational Rehabilitation program indicated a significant relationship between successful job placement and orientation toward work. Successfully placed patients were higher in Task-Orientation and lower in Self-Orientation than unsuccessful placements.
Undiagnosed prediabetes among food insecure adults

Objectives To identify sub-populations at risk for diabetes based on having prediabetes. Although food insecurity has been linked to diabetes, to our knowledge, no studies have examined whether food insecure individuals are more likely than fully food secure individuals to have undiagnosed prediabetes. Methods This study was based on a cross-sectional analysis of 6577 adults in the 2005-08 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. USDA's Food Security Survey Module, self-reported prediabetes status and clinical measures were examined. Results Whereas men who were food insecure were more likely than fully food secure men to have undiagnosed prediabetes, no association was observed among women. Conclusion Prediabetes screening appears warranted for food insecure men.
An Improved Chromatographic Response Function for Use with Automated HPLC Optimization Methods

Cette fonction etudiee permet de quantifier numeriquement par des methodes d'optimisation automatisee, la qualite des separations de plusieurs composes. Une comparaison avec deux autres fonctions est proposee
Brain response to transcutaneous electronical stimulation on auricular concha of the healthy subjects using fMRI

Objectives: To investigate the BOLD fMRI response to transcutaneous vagus nerve electronical stimulation(t VNS) at auricular concha region(ACR) on the healthy. It is hypothesized that tVNS modulates the network of nucleus of tract solitary-limbic system. Materials and Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects(18—27 y) were enrolled in the fMRI study. The fMRI was conducted during tVNS on ACR controlled with sham-tVNS on the superior scapha respectively. Subjects' sensations were recorded after every fMRI scan. Each functional scan lasted 6 minutes. SPM8 was employed for the fMRI data processing. Results: The current, and the sensations' frequency and strength of electronical stimulation were similar between two groups. The tVNS induced the predominant deactivation in the left nucleus of tract solitary and brain regions involving in limbic function, and the activation was limited in left SII, left anterior insula, etc. However, the sham tVNS showed the deactivation in the areas of right nucleus of trigeminal nerve, the obvious activation in the somato-sensory areas. Conclusions: tVNS modulated the network of nucleus of tract solitary-limbic system. It would provide the basis of therapeutic mechanism of tVNS treating Depression.
Procedure and Pragmatism

In this essay, prepared as part of a festschrift for the Italian scholar, Michele Taruffo, I portray him as a pragmatic realist of the sort described by Richard Posner in his book, Reflections on Judging. Viewing him as such, I salute Taruffo for challenging the established order in domestic and comparative law thinking about civil law systems, the role of lawyers, courts and precedent in those systems, and also for casting the light of the comparative enterprise on common law systems, particularly that in the United States. Speaking as one iconoclast of another, however, I also raise questions about Taruffo’s depictions of American litigation, in particular the class action. Suggesting that he privileges the perspectives of sociology and cultural anthropology over those of economics and political science, I argue that, to the extent that professional ideology is involved in enforcing federal statutory rights, it is primarily the ideology of doing well by doing good. I also contend that, if one is not careful to trace the history of, and the purposes served by, the different types of class action authorized in Rule 23(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, it is difficult to discern the different motives/ideology that may drive litigation under them, a question intimately linked to the different funding sources that may be available.
On-the-Job Pain and Injury as Related to Adaptive Ergonomic Equipment in the Sonographer’s Workplace and Area:

The proportion of sonographers who scan in pain is increasing, in spite of recommendations and guidelines for proper body mechanics and for the use of ergonomic equipment in the workplace. No study has examined in detail the type of equipment that is available to sonographers in the workplace and whether sonographers who have access to ergonomic equipment are scanning in pain. This study evaluated the proportions of sonographers who had access to various types of ergonomic equipment and compared the results with the prevalence of scanning-related pain. Most sonographers had access to ergonomic features manufactured into ultrasound machines but had less access to equipment provided by employers, such as scanning chairs and cable braces. Sonographers who had access to machines that had swiveling keyboards reported less pain and injury than those who did not.
Design Diagrams for the Analysis of Active Pressure on Retaining Walls with the Effect of Line Surcharge

In this study, a formulation has been proposed to calculate the pressure on wall and determine the angle of failure wedge based on limit equilibrium method. The mentioned formulation is capable of calculating active pressure coefficient, culmination of forces in failure surface, and pressure distribution on wall with the effect of line surcharge. In addition, based on the proposed method, a simple formula has been proposed to calculate the angle of failure wedge by the effect of surcharge. Moreover, the proposed approach has the advantage of taking into account the effect of surcharge on elastoplastic environment by considering the parameters of soil and determining the extent to which the surcharge is effective in pressure distribution on the wall. However, in most previous methods and specifications, resultant lateral pressure from surcharge in elastic environment had been considered. Finally, based on the obtained results, the design diagrams for different soils and different surcharges have been proposed. According to these diagrams, pressure on wall, pressure distribution on wall, and angle of failure wedge will easily be achieved. Also, a computer program has been written in MATLAB software environment. Using the results of these codes, the pressure on wall with the effect of surcharge, the angle of failure wedge, and pressure distribution on wall will be determined.
Epsilon-near-Zero Modes and Surface Plasmon Resonance in Fluorine-Doped Cadmium Oxide Thin Films

In this report we demonstrate fluorine-doped CdO as a model infrared plasmonic material by virtue of its tunable carrier density, high mobility, and intense extreme-subwavelength plasmon–polariton coupling. Carrier concentrations ranging from 1019 to 1020 cm–3, with electron mobility values as high as 473 cm2/V·s, are readily achieved in epitaxial CdO films over a thickness range spanning 50 to 500 nm. Carrier concentration is achieved by reactive sputtering in an Ar/O2 atmosphere with trace quantities of CF4. Infrared reflectometry measurements demonstrate the possibility of near-perfect plasmonic absorption through the entire mid-IR spectral range. A companion set of reflectivity simulations are used to predict, understand, and optimize the epsilon-near-zero plasmonic modes. In the context of other transparent conductors, CdO exhibits substantially higher electron mobility values and thus sharp and tunable absorption features. This highlights the utility of high-mobility transparent conducting oxides as...
Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas

Endoscopic approaches have revolutionized the palliation of advanced pancreatic cancer. The ideal management consists of a team approach involving surgeons, endoscopists, radiologists, and oncologists. Further technical improvements are needed to tackle the problem of stent occlusion. Concurrent advances in the fields of interventional radiology and laparoscopic surgical oncology need to be readdressed and directly compared with endoscopic approaches in novel randomized controlled trials.
A nearly full-recovery from AVM hemorrhagic stroke 17 years after insult using a new integrated neurodevelopmental approach: A case report.

AbstractRational:With the prevalence of stroke increasing in the USA and the world along with increased survival and longevity due to medical advancements, it has become increasingly necessary to look at the chronic phase of stroke recovery. Previous paradigms of stroke treatment have proven ineffec
First-Order Theistic Religion: Intentional Power Beyond Belief

Diversity and disagreement in the religious beliefs among many religious people seem here to stay, however much they bother some inquirers. Even so, the latter inquirers appear not to be similarly bothered by diversity and disagreement in the scientific beliefs among many scientists. They sometimes propose that we should take religious beliefs to be noncognitive and perhaps even nonontological and noncausal regarding their apparent referents, but they do not propose the same for scientific beliefs. Perhaps they would account for this difference in terms of more extensive diversity and disagreement among religious beliefs than scientific beliefs. We shall attend to the alleged significance of diversity and disagreement among religious beliefs, with an eye toward its bearing on epistemic and ontological matters in religion. In particular, we shall ask whether the significance recommends a retreat from first-order to “second-order” religion, as suggested by Branden Thornhill-Miller and Peter Millican.
Effect of 4-Week Ingestion of Tomato-Based Carotenoids on Exercise-Induced Inflammation, Muscle Damage, and Oxidative Stress in Endurance Runners.

This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial determined if ingestion of a supplement containing a tomato complex with lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene (T-LPP) and other compounds for 4 weeks would attenuate inflammation, muscle damage, and oxidative stress postexercise and during recovery from a 2-hr running bout that included 30 min of −10% downhill running. Study participants ingested the T-LPP supplement or placebo with the evening meal for 4 weeks prior to running 2 hr at high intensity. Blood samples and delayed onset muscle soreness ratings were taken pre- and post-4-week supplementation, and immediately following the 2-hr run, and then 1-hr, 24-hr, and 48-hr postrun. After a 2-week washout period, participants crossed over to the opposite treatment and repeated all procedures. Plasma lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene increased significantly in T-LPP compared with placebo (p < .001 for each). Significant time effects were shown for serum creatine kinase, delayed onset muscl...
Abnormal heart rateresponses to exercise predict increased long-term mortality regardless of coronary disease extent: The question is why?

Several investigators have established that chronotropic incompetence during exercise and an abnormal heart rate (HR) response after exercise are associated with increased long-term mortality [(1–7)][1]. The relationship persists even after adjustment for atherosclerotic risk factors, exercise-
Amplification of DNA sequences in mammalian cells.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the aberrant DNA sequence amplification processes that occur in mammalian cells because of the clinical relevance to drug resistance and oncogene amplification in tumors and because the underlying mechanisms seem close to being understood at the molecular level. What seemed to be a relatively esoteric mutational phenomenon is now a major determining factor in the genesis of cancer, as well as a serious deterrent to successful chemotherapeutic drug treatment regimens. The chapter traces the history of the discovery of DNA sequence amplification, cites several examples, and discusses the similarities and differences among these systems. Important methodologies developed for studying amplified sequences are also presented in the chapter. It reviews the viable models that attempt to explain the phenomenon in mammalian cells and shows the way the resolution of the underlying molecular mechanisms of amplification promises to teach much about both normal and aberrant chromosome dynamics (e. g., replication, recombination and repair processes, and chromosomal breakage and healing).
Propagation of Economic Inequality through Reciprocity and Reputation

Reciprocity and reputation are powerful tools for encouraging cooperation on a broad scale. Here, we highlight a potential side effect of these social phenomena: exacerbating economic inequality. In two novel economic games, we manipulated the amount of money with which participants were endowed and then gave them the opportunity to share resources with others. We found that people reciprocated more toward higher-wealth givers, compared with lower-wealth givers, even when those givers were equally generous. Wealthier givers also achieved better reputations than less wealthy ones and therefore received more investments in a social marketplace. These discrepancies were well described by a formal model of reinforcement learning: Individuals who weighted monetary outcomes, rather than generosity, when learning about interlocutors also most strongly helped wealthier individuals. This work demonstrates that reciprocity and reputation-although globally increasing prosociality-can widen wealth gaps and provides a precise account of how inequality grows through social processes.
The interaction of muscle moment arm, knee laxity, and torque in a multi-scale musculoskeletal model of the lower limb.

Abstract Introduction Musculoskeletal modeling allows insight into the interaction of muscle force and knee joint kinematics that cannot be measured in the laboratory. However, musculoskeletal models of the lower extremity commonly use simplified representations of the knee that may limit analyses of the interaction between muscle forces and joint kinematics. The goal of this research was to demonstrate how muscle forces alter knee kinematics and consequently muscle moment arms and joint torque in a musculoskeletal model of the lower limb that includes a deformable representation of the knee. Methods Two musculoskeletal models of the lower limb including specimen-specific articular geometries and ligament deformability at the knee were built in a finite element framework and calibrated to match mean isometric torque data collected from 12 healthy subjects. Muscle moment arms were compared between simulations of passive knee flexion and maximum isometric knee extension and flexion. In addition, isometric torque results were compared with predictions using simplified knee models in which the deformability of the knee was removed and the kinematics at the joint were prescribed for all degrees of freedom. Results Peak isometric torque estimated with a deformable knee representation occurred between 45° and 60° in extension, and 45° in flexion. The maximum isometric flexion torques generated by the models with deformable ligaments were 14.6% and 17.9% larger than those generated by the models with prescribed kinematics; by contrast, the maximum isometric extension torques generated by the models were similar. The change in hamstrings moment arms during isometric flexion was greater than that of the quadriceps during isometric extension (a mean RMS difference of 9.8 mm compared to 2.9 mm, respectively). Discussion The large changes in the moment arms of the hamstrings, when activated in a model with deformable ligaments, resulted in changes to flexion torque. When simulating human motion, the inclusion of a deformable joint in a multi-scale musculoskeletal finite element model of the lower limb may preserve the realistic interaction of muscle force with knee kinematics and torque.
A pilot study evaluating genetic and environmental factors for postpartum depression.

Objective To assess the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors upon postpartum depression. Design Case-control, prospective study. Setting The University of California at San Francisco Obstetric and Gynecology Clinic. Participants Mothers screened for postpartum depression six weeks after delivery with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and recruited as cases and controls. Measurements Eligible subjects completed a series of assessments and a structured clinical interview to confirm diagnosis of depression. Deoxyribonucleic acid was obtained for genotyping of 81 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 12 genes hypothesized to be postpartum depression-related. Results Twenty-four cases and 24 controls were eligible for analysis. Three single necleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin 2A receptor (HTR2A) gene were associated with postpartum depression. The strongest association at a functional promoter polymorphism (rs6311), a functional promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (p=0.002, odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval:0.10-0.63), was a finding robust to population stratification. Gene-wide association was significant for HTR2A (permuted p=0.008), but not when corrected for all 12 genes. Analysis of demographic and psychosocial risk factors identified distressed relationship, unplanned pregnancy, and a previous history of depression as significant predictive variables (p≤0.05). Conclusions This pilot data suggests deoxyribonucleic acid variations in HTR2A may be associated with postpartum depression. Psychosocial variables were also identified as risk factors. The relative influence of these variables on the manifestation of postpartum depression is yet to be determined.
Evaluation of Potential Pharmacotherapies: Response to Cocaine Challenge in the Human Laboratory

Publisher Summary The aim of this chapter is to discuss human laboratory research in which cocaine challenges have been administered to volunteers as part of an effort to detect potential pharmacotherapies for cocaine abuse. The types of pharmacological interactions that are most relevant to substance abuse pharmacotherapy are those relating to modulation of indices of abuse liability. This chapter provides an overview of the pharmacodynamic effects of cocaine in humans, including measurement procedures commonly employed in the laboratory. The robust physiological responses to cocaine can be readily monitored in the laboratory; it is possible to collect most physiological data through the use of computerized and automated monitoring devices. In most cocaine interaction studies, volunteers respond to a number of different questionnaires before and at multiple time points after drug administration to characterize the time-action curve and qualitative features of the drug experience. Medication-cocaine interaction studies will be most informative if they assess interactions under a broad range of parameters.
Customary Law in Pakistan

Pakistan, now hardly seventeen years old, cannot be said to have developed any new customary law. That part of customary law which was applicable before partition in the area now comprising Pakistan could be termed customary law in Pakistan. It is primarily the customary law in the Punjab regarding inheritance, succession, adoption and alienation, etc. which had overridden the personal law, and even the statutory law, in these matters.
Berru-Cms Predictive Modeling Of Coupled Multiphysics Systems

This Chapter presents the “BERRU-CMS” methodology, which extends the BERRU-SMS predictive modeling methodology presented in Chapter 1 to predictive modeling of coupled (as opposed to “single”) multi-physics systems. The BERRU-CMS methodology is build on the same principles as the BERRU-SMS predictive modeling methodology that was presented in Chapter 1. Thus, the maximum entropy principle is used to construct an optimal approximation of the unknown a priori distribution based on a priori known mean values and uncertainties characterizing the parameters and responses for both multi-physics models. This “maximum entropy”-approximate a priori distribution is combined, using Bayes’ theorem, with the “likelihood” provided by the multi-physics simulation models. Subsequently, the posterior distribution thus obtained is evaluated using the saddle-point method to obtain analytical expressions for the optimally predicted values for the multi-physics models parameters and responses along with corresponding reduced uncertainties. Noteworthy, the predictive modeling methodology for the coupled systems is constructed such that the systems can be considered sequentially rather than simultaneously, while preserving exactly the same results as if the systems were treated simultaneously. Consequently, very large coupled systems, which could perhaps exceed available computational resources if treated simultaneously, can be treated with the BERRU-CMS methodology presented in this work sequentially, without any loss of generality or information while requiring just the resources that would be needed if the systems were treated separately.
Improving the efficiency of the multireference driven similarity renormalization group via sequential transformation, density fitting, and the non-interacting virtual orbital approximation

This study examines several techniques to improve the efficiency of the linearized multireference driven similarity renormalization group truncated to one- and two-body operators [MR-LDSRG(2)]. We propose a sequential MR-LDSRG(2) [sq-MR-LDSRG(2)] approach, in which one-body rotations are folded exactly into the Hamiltonian. This new approach is combined with density fitting (DF) to reduce the storage cost of two-electron integrals. To further avoid the storage of large four-index intermediates, we propose a non-interacting virtual orbit (NIVO) approximation in which tensor blocks labeled by three and four virtual indices are neglected. The NIVO approximation reduces the computational cost prefactor of the MR-LDSRG(2) bringing it closer to that of coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD). We test the effect of the DF and NIVO approximations on the MR-LDSRG(2) and sq-MR-LDSRG(2) methods by computing properties of eight diatomic molecules. The diatomic constants obtained by DF-sq-MR-LDSRG(2)+NIVO are found to be as accurate as those from the original MR-LDSRG(2) and coupled cluster theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples. Finally, we demonstrate that the DF-sq-MR-LDSRG(2)+NIVO scheme can be applied to chemical systems with more than 550 basis functions by computing the automerization energy of cyclobutadiene with a quintuple-zeta basis set. The predicted automerization energy is found similar to the values computed with Mukherjee's state-specific multireference coupled cluster theory with singles and doubles.
Humanwide: A Comprehensive Data Base for Precision Health in Primary Care.

Stanford Primary Care launched Humanwide, a demonstration project to provide patients with genetic screening, wearable sensors, health assessment, and wellness coaching. We synthesized patient-level biometric, genetic, social, environmental, and behavioral data into the electronic health record for
21 Code of Federal Regulations Part 11-Compliant Digital Signature Solution for Cancer Clinical Trials: A Single-Institution Feasibility Study.

PURPOSEInefficiencies in the clinical trial infrastructure result in protracted trial completion timelines, physician-investigator turnover, and a shrinking skilled labor force and present obstacle...
Where are all the psychologists? A review of factors impacting the underrepresentation of psychology in work with serious mental illness.

Abstract Over the last few decades, clinical psychologists have played a key role in the development of empirically-validated psychosocial interventions for those with serious mental illness (SMI). However, in contrast to these substantial contributions, clinical psychologists in the United States are grossly underrepresented in treatment provision with this population ( Roe, Yanos, & Lysaker, 2006 ; Rollins & Bond, 2001 ). This review aims to highlight various factors contributing to the establishment and perpetuation of this underrepresentation. First, we highlight systemic factors (e.g., the emergence of managed care) through an examination of the evolving role of the clinical psychologist. Next, we review training-based factors (e.g., limitations to SMI specific training) through a review of training in clinical psychology. Through an examination of training factors, the role of mental health stigma amongst clinicians toward individuals with SMI is identified as a potential perpetuating factor of this underrepresentation. Factors associated with clinician stigma are then reviewed and the relationship between clinical training and clinician stigma is considered. Lastly, important future directions to further investigate and address this underrepresentation are suggested – namely, investigating factors (training and individual) that may impact clinical psychology doctoral students' attitudes toward those with SMI.
Blame the messenger: perceived mis/disinformation exposure on social media and perceptions of newsfeed algorithmic bias

Does perceived exposure on social media to mis/disinformation affect user perceptions of social media newsfeed algorithmic bias? Using survey data from eight liberal democratic countries and propen...
Translocation of Proteins through a Distorted Lipid Bilayer

Membranes surrounding cells or organelles represent barriers to proteins and other molecules. However, specific proteins can cross membranes by different translocation systems, the best studied being the Sec61/SecY channel. This channel forms a hydrophilic, hourglass-shaped membrane channel, with a lateral gate towards the surrounding lipid. However, recent studies show that an aqueous pore is not required in other cases of protein translocation. The Hrd1 complex, mediating the retrotranslocation of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen into the cytosol, contains multispanning proteins with aqueous luminal and cytosolic cavities, and lateral gates juxtaposed in a thinned membrane region. A locally thinned, distorted lipid bilayer also allows protein translocation in other systems, suggesting a new paradigm to overcome the membrane barrier.
Hayek's Political Theory, Epistemology, and Economics

1. Hayek's Two Epistemologies and the Paradoxes of His Thought Jeffrey Friedman 2. The Failed Appropriation of F. A. Hayek by Formalist Economics Peter J. Boettke And Kyle W. O'Donnell 3. Hayek and Liberty Andrew Gamble 4. The Road to Serfdom's Economistic Worldview Francois Godard 5. Hayek, Social Theory, and the Contrastive Explanation of Socio-Economic Order Paul Lewis 6. The "Mirage" of Social Justice: Hayek Against (and For) Rawls Andrew Lister 7. The Planners and the Planned Alan Ryan 8. Some Implications of Hayek's Cognitive Theory Michael Strong 9. Hayek, Equilibrium, and the Role of Institutions in Economic Order Karen I. Vaughn 10. Hayek's Business-Cycle Theory: Half Right Daniel Kuehn
The Improvisation of Musical Dialogue: A Phenomenology of Music

This book is an important contribution to the philosophy of music. Whereas most books in this field focus on the creation and reproduction of music, Bruce Benson's concern is the phenomenology of music making as an activity. He offers the radical thesis that it is improvisation that is primary in the moment of music making. Succinct and lucid, the book brings together a wide range of musical examples from classical music, jazz, early music and other genres. It offers a rich tapestry incorporating both analytic and continental philosophy, musicology and performance-practice issues. It will be a provocative read for philosophers of art and musicologists and, because it eschews technicality, should appeal to general readers, especially those who perform.
SU‐E‐T‐488: Incorporating In‐House Treatment Planning Software Into Clinical Auto‐Planning Workflow

Purpose: To report the process of incorporating in-house software tools into clinical workflow of auto-planning with the objectives of achieving efficiency and quality plans.With multi-year research and development, we built in-house software suites of various GPU-based components of a treatment planning system (TPS), which includes DICOM import/export, various deformable image registration (DIR) and contour generation algorithms, multiple dose calculators and optimizers, and plan generation with or without reference guidance. However, to meet clinical quality, we need to further test the robustness of the tools, streamline the processes, including the front and back end processes. Methods: We build an in-house patient database management system and collect patient data of various delivery modalities, such as IMRT, VMAT, etc., and of various disease sites, such as head and neck, breast, lung, prostate, etc., to be used as repository for part of simulating the clinical workflow and subsequent testing.A unit-testing tool was developed that any input parameter can be loaded from a configuration file for batch processing. Modular inputs and outputs were part of the design, and button clicking and human interaction can be bypassed. Results: The database with various delivery modalities and various disease sites allows the auto-planning tools to test on variety of cases. The unit-testing tools allow mass data processing and analysis. As testing showed, the whole auto-planning process can be done in a couple of minutes without any human interaction. Conclusion: A database and unit-testing tools are essential in incorporating the in-house software into the clinical auto-planning workflow and greatly facilitate the implementation by allowing component testing and mass data processing and analysis. Thus, desired functional behavior may be ensured, the impact of any code modification can be more easily identified, and any unintended alteration can be avoided.
Relationships between habitat characteristics and round goby abundance in Lakes Michigan and Huron

Abstract Expanding round goby ( Neogobius melanostomus ) populations threaten many native species throughout the Great Lakes. The qualities that make a habitat suitable for round gobies are oftentimes considered as single factors (e.g., substrate type or dreissenid mussels). A more thorough understanding of the environmental characteristics related to round goby abundance can help identify habitats that are less susceptible to invasion. This study examined the habitat characteristics associated with round goby abundance in the Beaver Archipelago of Lake Michigan and the Les Cheneaux and Saginaw Bay regions of Lake Huron. Chemical and physical variables, zooplankton, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages were sampled from open water and wetland habitats. Gradients in habitat characteristics, determined using ordination analyses and diversity indices, were correlated with round goby catch per unit effort (CPUE) using fyke nets. Round goby CPUE in the Beaver Archipelago was positively related to increasing productivity and a more diverse fish community. Round goby CPUE at Les Cheneaux was related to wave disturbance and fish species associated with greater habitat complexity, though habitat type alone did not explain these relationships. In contrast, round goby CPUE in highly productive Saginaw Bay wetlands was very low where fish diversity was high and assemblages were dominated by littoral species tolerant of eutrophic conditions. Overall, CPUE was related to indices of biological productivity, with the direction of these relationships varying among regions. Areas with high productivity, including some wetlands, may be less hospitable for round gobies and could serve as refugia for native species.
International Crimes of States: The Decay of an Idea

The concept of international crimes of states has been much discussed among international lawyers for over twenty years, since the 1976 adoption by the International Law Commission (ILC) of Article 19 of its draft treaty on state responsibility. It was in that Article that the ILC sought to formalize a distinction between an international crime, defined as "the breach by a State of an international obligation so essential for the protection of fundamental interests of the international community that its breach is recognized as a crime by that community as a whole," and a lesser international wrong, labeled an "international delict" in Article 19. The ILC's completion of the first reading of the draft treaty in 1996 provides a convenient opportunity to assess the current status of this concept. This article attempts such an assessment. It will seek to show that the ILC' s approach to the issue has changed so fundamentally since 1976, and that the concept has therefore become so confused, that retaining Article 19 in any final draft convention on state responsibility could not be justified. The article further argues that the concept is, in any case, fundamentally misconceived.