cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of ablation of the area postrema on water and electrolyte metabolism in dogs.

Dogs in which the area postrema was destroyed electrolytically have been compared to normal dogs and dogs with various control operations with respect to (1) sodium and potassium excretion and serum levels of these ions on a normal salt diet; (2) their response to salt deprivation; (3) their response to water loading and water deprivation; and (4) their response to hypertonic salt loading in the unanesthetized and the anesthetized state.
A convection-diffusion problem in a network1This work was partially supported by US Army contract DACA39-94-0018.1

In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that the standard method of modeling hydrodynamic dispersion in groundwater flow by diffusion is often unsatisfactory. In the last few years, several authors have tried to overcome this problem by modeling subsurface flow by flow in a network. This has had some success and even some agreement with experiment. This work will lay the mathematical foundations for such models which, up to this point in time, have been studied only numerically. A well-posedness result is obtained for a class of these models. Some qualitative properties of solutions, such as positivity, ordering, and boundedness are also given.
Myricetin 3-β-galactoside, the main flavonoid from Oenothera lavandulaefolia, T. and G.

Abstract The main flavonoid from Oenothera lavandulaefolia, T. and G., has been isolated and shown to be myricetin 3-β-galactoside.
Island Size and Environment Dependence of Adatom Capture: Cu/Co Islands on Ru(0001)

The rate of capture by stable Co islands on Ru(0001) of additionally deposited Cu atoms is quantified using scanning tunneling microscopy, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, and diffusion equation analyses. We find strong dependence of the capture rates on Co-island size, larger islands showing larger capture rates, qualitatively distinct from self-consistent mean-field predictions. The observed size dependence is shown to reflect larger island-free areas surrounding bigger islands, i.e., a strong correlation between island sizes and separations neglected in mean-field treatments.
La Nuova Musica e i suoi miti: ‘smantellando’ la lettura di Ateneo sulla rivoluzione dell’aulo

The late fifth-century BC ‘New Music Revolution’ is often presented as a watershed in the history of lyric culture and one of its most significant features identified as the greater importance of aulos -music in song-and-dance performance. In this context, a series of lyric fragments are read as testimonies for a debate about this musical change: the poetic exchange between Melanippides (fr. 758 Page) and Telestes (fr. 805 Page) about Athena’s mythical rejection of the aulos; a fragment of Telestes on the archaeology of aulos music; and a fragment of Pratinas (fr. 708 Page) condemning the supremacy of Music over Song in contemporary performance, all quoted by Athenaeus ( Deipnosophistae 14, 616e-617f). My presentation takes these fragments as a case study and reconsiders the link between lyric texts and ‘historical contextualization’ provided by Athenaeus. In addition to opening new interpretive possibilities for these lyric fragments, this study allows us to reevaluate our use of Athenaeus as source. In a close-reading of the Deipnosophistae passage, I show how the author’s presentation of aulos-playing in the late fifth century is a literary montage of Aristotle’s arguments on aulos -playing in book 8 of the Politics . Interpreting the lyric passages in the light of Athenaeus’ remarks is thus to fall victim of a methodological vicious circle: the author’s supposed ‘historical contextualization’ of the poems is actually the combination of his interest for the Peripatetics’ socio-politics of music and his knowledge of, or access to, non-canonical texts.
Topics In Finance Part II - Financial Analysis

The second article in a series designed to supplement the introductory financial management course, this essay addresses financial statement analysis, including its impact on stock valuation, disclosure, and managerial behavior.
A Temporal Language for SystemC

We describe a general approach for defining new temporal specification languages, and adopting existing languages, for SystemC. We define the concept of "underlying trace" describing the execution of a SystemC model, and then define a set of important primitive assertions about the states in the trace. Our framework not only provides additional expressive power for making atomic assertions, but also provides very fine control over the temporal resolution of the language. Using the primitives defined here as clock expression allows sampling at different levels, from transaction-level to the level of individual statements. The advantage of our approach is that it defines important SystemC properties that have been overlooked previously, and also provides a uniform mechanism for specifying the sampling rate of temporal languages.
Subtle roentgenographic signs of left heart failure

Abstract One hundred fourteen unselected cases in which the radiographic diagnosis was that of pulmonary edema have been reviewed. In 27 cases (24 per cent) the diagnosis of pulmonary edema was suggested radiographically at a time when this diagnosis was unsuspected clinically. The radiographic changes in early left heart failure have been described in detail. These include dilated pulmonary veins, increased interstitial density (clouding) of the lungs, septal lines, thickened interlobar fissures, and dilatation of the pulmonary artery and its major branches. More advanced changes include pleural effusion and alveolar edema.
Information-Driven Search Strategies in the Board Game of CLUE $^{\circit{R}}$

This paper presents an information-driven sensor management problem, referred to as treasure hunt, which is relevant to mobile-sensor applications such as mine hunting, monitoring, and surveillance. The objective is to infer a hidden variable or treasure by selecting a sequence of measurements associated with multiple fixed targets distributed in the sensor workspace. The workspace is represented by a connectivity graph, where each node represents a possible sensor deployment, and the arcs represent possible sensor movements. An additive conditional entropy reduction function is presented to efficiently compute the expected benefit of a measurement sequence over time. Then, the optimal treasure hunt strategy is determined by a novel label-correcting algorithm operating on the connectivity graph. The methodology is illustrated through the board game of CLUEreg, which is shown to be a benchmark example of the treasure hunt problem. The game results show that a computer player implementing the strategies developed in this paper outperforms players implementing Bayesian networks, Q-learning, or constraint satisfaction, as well as human players.
Robert Bostrom's Contribution to Listening in Organizational Contexts

Robert Bostrom has not only left a listening legacy, but he was also a pioneer in the larger discipline of communication. Bostrom was one of the first scholars to focus on the dynamics of interpersonal contexts, thereby directly contributing to the transition of our field from “speech” to “communication.” Early on he recognized the importance of relational issues and reciprocity, concepts that would later become particularly important to listening researchers and practitioners. In this early work, when the discipline was concerned almost exclusively with the creation and sending of messages, he emphasized the importance of “listener involvement” in the communication process and, from the beginning, demonstrated a commitment to reveal the relevance of communication in everyday contexts (Andersch, Staats, & Bostrom, 1969).
The Future of Nonprofit Management Education

Nonprofit management education has grown rapidly in the United States during the past two decades. The author makes six predictions about the future: (a) The field will remain; it is here to stay. ...
Infinitely many hyperbolic 3-manifolds which contain no Reebless foliation

Calegari [Ca] has shown that if M is also atoroidal, then or1(M) is Gromov negatively curved. Furthermore, Thurston has proposed an approach to demonstrating geometrization for such M. Many 3-manifolds contain Reebless foliations, and it has often been conjectured that all closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds do. (It is our impression that for many years Hatcher provided the sole voice of dissent.) In this paper, we give the first examples of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds which contain no Reebless foliation.
Hypoxia-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and DFF45/ICAD in human failed cardiomyocytes

It has been proposed that the hemodynamic deterioration associated with heart failure (HF) may be due in part to ongoing loss of viable cardiac myocytes through apoptosis. Hypoxia has been shown to...
Grasping Primate Origins

The evolutionary history that led to Eocene-and-later primates of modern aspect (Euprimates) has been uncertain. We describe a skeleton of Paleocene plesiadapiform Carpolestes simpsoni that includes most of the skull and many postcranial bones. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Carpolestidae are closely related to Euprimates. C. simpsoni had long fingers and an opposable hallux with a nail. It lacked orbital convergence and an ankle specialized for leaping. We infer that the ancestor of Euprimates was primitively an arboreal grasper adapted for terminal branch feeding rather than a specialized leaper or visually directed predator.
A real-time algorithm for task allocation

One of the main difficulties in designing multi-agent systems for environments with hard time constraints is the problem of task allocation, assigning an agent or group of agents to accomplish a specific system subgoal. In this paper we introduce a viable real-time task assignment algorithm for multi-agent systems. The algorithm, referred to as MATS (multi-agent task selection), is applied to two simulation environments and compared with optimal assignment algorithms, both in terms of speed and efficacy. Results are summarized and future areas of research discussed.
Genetics of Sick Sinus Syndrome

The sinoatrial node exhibits complex cellular and molecular structure and its proper function requires an intricate arrangement of its architecture. A better understanding of the genetic and molecular makeup of the sinoatrial node has led to improved understanding of its function as primary cardiac pacemaker and the abnormalities that may lead to sick sinus syndrome, a common clinical problem. Recently, genetic studies have begun to identify the molecular underpinnings of sick sinus syndrome. Taken together, these findings promise improved diagnosis and alternative therapies for sick sinus syndrome.
Digital Video Projects of, by, and for New Teachers: The Multiple Educational Functions of Creating Multimedia

A three year study of digital video creation in higher education investigated the impact that creating short digital videos by university students in their final class of a teacher educa tion program had on those students. Each student created a short video reflecting on the process of how he/she became a teacher. An analysis of the videos themselves, analyses of surveys of the former students soon after they created the videos and also years later, and analyses of the number of views of and comments on the videos show that creating these digital videos served reflective, communicative, and memorial functions for these former students. Creating the digital videos functioned as a novel and powerful form of reflection for the teacher education students as they completed their program, helping them put their preparation for teaching in a broader perspective. The digital videos helped the students better communicate to others why they had chosen to become teachers. The digital videos also functioned as artifacts years later for teachers to remind themselves of why they became teachers in ways that helped them maintain their commitment to continue teaching. These three functions of creating multimedia projects served as powerful supports for new teacher learning.
Current Chemotherapy and Future Directions in Research for the Treatment of Advanced Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

(1995). Current Chemotherapy and Future Directions in Research for the Treatment of Advanced Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 296-312.
Cumulation and Itc Decision-Making: The Sum of the Parts is Greater Thanthe Whole

In 1984 Congress amended the antidumping (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) laws, mandating that the International Trade Commission (ITC) 'cumulate' imports across countries when determining injury. Since 1984 the cumulation provision has been invoked in over 50 percent of the AD and CVD cases. We estimate that cumulation increases the probability of an affirmative injury determination by 20 to 30 percent and has changed the ITC's decision (from negative to affirmative) for about one-third of cumulated cases. We also show that the protective effect of cumulation increases as the number of countries involved increases, holding import market share constant. That is, cumulated imports have a super-additive effect on ITC decision-making.
“Not Just For Bikers Anymore”: Popular Representations of American Tattooing

Aux Etats-Unis, la pratique du tatouage etait autrefois un signe distinctif des marins, des criminels ou des motards et, d'une maniere generale, des couches defavorisees. Aujourd'hui, cette pratique s'est repandue au sein de populations au statut socio-culturel plus eleve et est souvent revendiquee comme une forme d'art legitime. En etudiant le traitement du sujet par les medias, l'approche des sciences humaines et le discours tenu par les adeptes du tatouage et des ornements corporels eux-memes, l'A. s'interroge sur la representativite de ces « nouveaux tatoues » . Il met en evidence l'emergence d'une nouvelle imagerie basee sur la fiction d'un passe mythique, primitif et tribal . Il pose la question de savoir si le caractere naguere subversif de ces pratiques a ete neutralise par leur banalisation, et si cette diffusion temoigne d'une evolution des valeurs sociales concernant le corps
Correlated Clutter and Resultant Properties of Binary Signals

A simple Markov process model of binary, digitized radar clutter returns is assumed. Probability distributions for the number of hits in n observations are developed for small n with a binary parameter describing the process derived for Rayleigh distributed clutter. Tables of distributions are included, along with an example to show the effects of correlation on the false-alarm probabilities of a sliding-window detector.
Effect of JTP-2942, a Novel TRH Analogue, on Cognitive Function and Learning in Rodents

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a hypothalamic hormone that releases thyrotropin and prolactin from the anterior pituitary, and is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS).1–5 It has been shown to have various central actions, such as promoting locomotor activity, increasing body temperature in animals, attenuating pentobarbital induced sleep, and promoting recovery from traumatic loss of consciousness in mice.6–10 TRH also increases cholinergic neuronal activity11–14 and improves memory in amnesia models.15 Currently TRH and its analogues are under clinical investigation for treating spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease.16–18 However, TRH has some disadvantages for therapeutic use, including a short duration of action and unsuitability for oral administration. Accordingly, we synthesized a novel TRH analogue, Nα-WS, 2R)-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopentanecarbonyl]-L-histidyl-L-prolineamide monohydrate (JTP2942), with a longer duration of action on the CNS and fewer hormonal effects than TRH.19–21 JTP-2942 has been shown to markedly increase CNS cholinergic neuronal activity22 and improve memory in amnesia models and aged animals.23,24 The callosal-neocortical system is implicated in interhemispheric transfer of the engram and the lateralization of information.25–27 The present study investigated whether JTP-2942 could improve cognitive function and learning in rats subjected to a passive avoidance test after transection of the corpus callosum, and investigated the mechanism of action of this drug using the transcallosal response.
Secondary Prevention: The Ongoing Challenge

Experts recommend the use of cardiac rehabilitation among patients with coronary disease.1 As hospital stays for acute coronary syndromes decrease, cardiac rehabilitation is assuming an increasingly important role in secondary prevention. There is a large amount of data indicating that cardiac rehabilitation improves several important intermediate end points, including exertional ischemic symptoms, depression and hostility scores, sense of wellness, understanding of the disease, and compliance with risk factor modification. With regard to survival, earlier randomized trials assessing the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction have been limited by small sample size. When the results of individual trials were pooled, cardiac rehabilitation was associated with survival gains of 20% to 30%.2, 3 However, as these trials were conducted in the 1980s, it is uncertain that these data can be generalized to contemporary practice. The study by Brotons et al, published in this issue of Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 4 contributes to address this gap in knowledge by evaluating the efficacy of secondary prevention between 2004 and 2005. The authors report on 1224 patients with cardiovascular disease (coronary disease, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral arterial disease) from 42 practices in Spain, similarly distributed between control and intervention, the latter consisting of education and structured intervention based on the patient's risk factor profile. There was no benefit of the intervention on the primary endpoint (all-cause mortality and hospital readmissions) and marginal effects of questionable clinical significance on intermediate endpoints (risk factor profile), except for depression, which exhibited a notable difference between the 2 arms favoring intervention. These results underscore the importance of publishing “negative trials”, despite the prevalent study publication bias whereby statistically significant outcomes are more likely to be reported than non-significant outcomes.5 Indeed, the study generates several important questions.
Systolic Dysfunction Portends Increased Mortality among Those Waiting for Renal Transplant

Individuals waiting for a renal transplant experience excessive cardiovascular mortality, which is not fully explained by the prevalence of ischemic heart disease in this population. Overt heart failure is known to increase the mortality of patients with ESRD, but the impact of lesser degrees of ventricular systolic dysfunction is unknown. For examination of the association between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mortality of renal transplant candidates, the records of 2718 patients evaluated for transplantation at one institution were reviewed. During 6355 patient-years (median 27 mo) of follow-up, 681 deaths occurred. Patients with systolic dysfunction (LVEF ≤0.40) had significantly lower survival than those with higher systolic function (median 49 ± 3.1 versus 72 ± 4.0 mo; P < 0.001) but had similar survival to patients with ischemia (48 ± 2.5 mo). Multivariate modeling showed that those with systolic dysfunction were nearly twice as likely to die as those with normal systolic function, adjusted for risk factors including diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and ischemia (adjusted hazard ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.43 to 2.07). In addition, a graded, reverse association between LVEF and mortality was identified. In conclusion, systolic dysfunction is strongly associated with mortality, in a graded manner, in renal transplant candidates.
The world of global business 1965–2015: Perspectives on the 50th anniversary issue of the Journal of World Business: Introduction to the special issue

Abstract The field of international business (IB) has evolved considerably since 1965 and the Journal of World Business has evolved along with it. In the 50th anniversary special issue, established and emerging scholars reflect on the changing contexts, environments, and phenomenon of IB and how these changes are reflected in the literature. In this introductory article, we summarize and synthesize these contributions, as well as offer our own perspective on the journal, the field, and the interactions between the two.
Seat belt and mobile phone use among young adult drivers in the State of Qatar

Annually 1.2 million deaths occur globally due to road traffic injuries; additionally, 20-50 million are injured or disabled ("Global status report", 2013). Concomitant with rapid socioeconomic growth, infrastructure development and increased vehicle ownership, injury, disability and mortality due to road traffic collisions are high in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. This is also true for Qatar where road traffic collisions are one of the leading causes of premature mortality (Bener et al., 2012). Road traffic mortality in Qatar (2010) is 14 per 100,000 population. Young adult males are disproportionately affected ("Global status report", 2013). Laws pertaining to seat belt and mobile phone use exist; however, there is a lack of enforcement. We collected data regarding seat belt and mobile phone use while driving in college students, majority of whom were in the age group 18-24 years. The data was collected via a self-administered survey in two colleges. The total sample consisted of 419 students but 321 admitted to driving a vehicle. Overall seat belt use among drivers was reported at 51% "always", 41% "sometimes", and 8% "never". Overall mobile phone use was reported at 23% "always", 64% "sometimes", and 13% "never". Females were significantly more likely than males to use seat belt and less likely to use mobile phone while driving. Additionally, drivers at or below the age of 25 were significantly more likely to use seat belt and less likely to use mobile phone than those over 25 years old (Table 1). The results give us reliable estimates of seat belt and mobile phone use prevalence in young adult drivers in Qatar. Increased awareness and enforcement of road safety laws are required to control this epidemic of road traffic injury, disability and fatality. These findings are of public health importance and deserve our attention. Keywords: Driver distraction Language: en
Persistent Angiogenesis in the Autism Brain: An Immunocytochemical Study of Postmortem Cortex, Brainstem and Cerebellum

In the current work, we conducted an immunocytochemical search for markers of ongoing neurogenesis (e.g. nestin) in auditory cortex from postmortem sections of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age-matched control donors. We found nestin labeling in cells of the vascular system, indicating blood vessels plasticity. Evidence of angiogenesis was seen throughout superior temporal cortex (primary auditory cortex), fusiform cortex (face recognition center), pons/midbrain and cerebellum in postmortem brains from ASD patients but not control brains. We found significant increases in both nestin and CD34, which are markers of angiogenesis localized to pericyte cells and endothelial cells, respectively. This labeling profile is indicative of splitting (intussusceptive), rather than sprouting, angiogenesis indicating the blood vessels are in constant flux rather than continually expanding.
Numerical Experiments in Concurrent Multiprocessing with the RELAP5 Nuclear Reactor Systems Code

Numerical experiments performed on a single instruction multiple data-pipeline vector parallel (SIMD-PVP) architecture computing machine, e.g., a CRAY X-MP/48, demonstrate that current nuclear reac...
Characterization of the arteritis induced by infusion of rats with UK-61,260, an inodilator, for 24 h. A comparison with the arteritis induced by fenoldopam mesylate.

Administration of fenoldopam mesylate (FM), a dopaminergic agonist, or of cyclic cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE III), for example theophylline and caffeine, induces arteritis in the rat. In this study we characterized the arteritis induced by UK-61,260, an investigational inotropic agent with vasodilatory properties which displays an inhibitory action on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, in comparison with lesions induced by FM. The compounds were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by intravenous infusion over 24 h (FM and UK-61,260), orally or subcutaneously (UK-61,260); the rats were killed and necropsied for pathological examination at various times between 0 h and 28 days post-infusion. Infusion of UK-61,260 at doses of 100, 300 or 400 mg/kg produced arteritis mainly in the mesenteric arteries and occasionally in the renal, pancreatic, gastric and coronary arteries. There were no arterial lesions after infusion of 30 mg/kg, or after administration of 30, 100 or 200 mg/kg per day subcutaneously for 7 days, or after acute administration of 100, 300, 400 or 600 mg/kg orally. Infusion of rats with 72 or 144 mg/kg FM produced arteritis over a wider range of tissues than did UK-61,260. However, the arterial lesions produced by infusion of either drug have the same initial aspect and a similar evolution with time. Immediately after the end of the infusion, minimal necrosis and haemorrhage occurred in the media only, without involvement of the endothelium or the perivascular space. This indicates that the media of the artery is the primary site of injury. The lesions seen 1 and 3 days post-infusion were characterized by severe medial necrosis and haemorrhage with perivas cular acute inflammation and appeared macroscopically as haemorrhagic spots on the vessels. On days 7, 14 and 28 post-infusion, no medial necrosis or haemorrhage were present, while perivascular chronic inflammation and moderate smooth muscle hyperplasia were seen. It appeared therefore, that the lesions underwent repair in 28 days, but footprints of the damage were still present 28 days post-infusion. The similarity between arteritis induced in rats by fenoldopam or by UK-61,260, at doses inducing PDE III inhibition, is consistent with the view that they have a similar pathogenesis. In our view it is probable that these pharmacologically and chemically distinct drugs trigger an increase in intracellular levels of cAMP which in turn triggers vascular damage. The arterial changes observed in the current study after acute administration may explain the increased incidence of polyarteritis nodosa occurring in long term toxicity studies with FM or PDE III inhibitors.
Superresolution for Thin Optics

The thickness of a camera may be significantly decreased by an idea inspired by insects’ compound eyes. However, it provokes the needs for computational compensation of resolution. We derive superresolution algorithms for accomplishing this task.
Cotton Gin Compost as a Substrate Component in Container Production of Nursery Crops

Shoot and root growth of plants grown in substrate blends containing cotton gin compost (CGC) were compared to plants grown in a traditional pine bark (PB) blend. In 2002 ‘Winter Gem’ boxwood, ‘Firepower’ dwarf nandina, and ‘Midnight Flare’ azalea were potted in four substrate blends containing by volume 6:1 PB:sand (S), 4.5:1.5:1 PB:CGC:S, 1:1 PB:CGC, or 1.5:4.5:1 PB:CGC:S. Plants were grown for nine months on a container pad in Auburn, AL. In 2003–2004 this study was repeated with ‘Renee Mitchell’ azalea as a replacement for ‘Midnight Flare’ azalea. Periodic growth measurements and a final visual root ball evaluation were conducted in each experiment. Substrates were analyzed to determine physical properties (air space, water holding capacity, total porosity, and bulk density) and chemical properties (pH and electrical conductivity). In both experiments, growth indices of all cultivars in substrates containing CGC were similar to or greater than those of the PB:S control blend. Visual quality of root systems was similar for all plants across all substrates. Index words: agricultural waste, pine bark substitute, landscape plants, media, ornamental. Species used in this study: ‘Winter Gem’ boxwood (Buxus microphylla Sieb. & Zucc.); ‘Firepower’ dwarf nandina (Nandina domestica Thumb); ‘Midnight Flare’ azalea (Rhododendron indicum L. & Sweet); ‘Renee Mitchell’ azalea (R. indicum L. & Sweet).
Seedling transplants reveal species-specific responses of high-elevation tropical treeline trees to climate change

The elevations at which tropical treelines occur are believed to represent the point where low mean temperatures limit the growth of upright woody trees. Consequently, tropical treelines are predicted to shift to higher elevations with global warming. However, treelines throughout the tropics have remained stationary despite increasing global mean temperatures. The goal of the study reported here was to build a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of mean temperature, low-temperature extremes, shading, and their interactions on seedling survival at tropical treelines. We conducted a seedling transplant study using three dominant canopy-forming treeline species in the southern tropical Andes. We found species-specific differences and contrasting responses in seedling survival to changes in mean temperature. The most abundant naturally occurring species at the seedling stage outside the treeline, Weinmannia fagaroides, showed a negative relationship between the survival of transplanted seedlings and mean temperature, the opposite of a priori expectations. Conversely, Clethra cuneata showed increased survival at higher mean temperatures, but survival also increased with higher absolute low temperatures and the presence of shade. Finally, the survival of Gynoxys nitida seedlings was insensitive to temperature but increased under shade. These findings show that multiple factors can determine the upper distributional limit of species forming the current tropical treeline. As such, predictions of future local and regional tropical treeline shifts may need to consider several factors beyond changes in mean temperature. If the treeline remains stationary and cloud forests are unable to expand into higher elevations, there may be severe species loss in this biodiversity hotspot.
Flies control countermeasure at special environments in urban areas

Objective To discuss the flies control countermeasure at special environments such as food industry and building site.Methods Focusing mainly on environmental control,and taking integrated control measure such as physical control,chemical control and regulation control methods.Results The average flies density index declined 41.72% and 55.8% at test and contrast spot in food industry.Adult flies declined 43.7% and 58.8% in the room.The flies density index declined 43.7% and 58.5 % at test and contrast spot at building site.The positive rate of flies breeding area was zero.Conclusion Taking integrated control measure can control flies breeding effectively.
Clinical characteristics of pulmonary thromboembolism about perimenopausal women

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) in perimenopausal women.Methods Perimenopause women done computer tomography of pulmonary artery angiography(CTPA) test were divided into two groups,PTE group(30 cases) and non-PTE group(25 cases).To compare the differences of risk factor,clinical characteristics,body mass index(BMI),blood lipids and four items of blood coagulation between two groups.Results In PTE group,26 cases(86.7%) with dyspnea symptom,11 cases(36.7%) with chest tightness,10 cases(33.3%) with chest pain,16 cases(53.3%) with hyperfunction of pulmonic second sound,10 cases(33.3%) with double lower limb asymmetry edema,and 10 cases(33.3%) with cyanosis.The incidence rate of dyspnea,hyperfunction of pulmonic second sound,cyanosis,double lower limb asymmetry edema in PTE group were significantly higher than those in non-PTE group(P0.05).The blood lipids levels were high in two groups.The proportion of obesity in PTE group was significantly higher than that in non-PTE group(P0.05).Conclusions The lipid metabolism disorder exists in perimenopause women.When dyspnea,hyperfunction of pulmonic second sound,cyanosis,double lower limb asymmetry edema are found in obese perimenopausal women,we should be alert to the occurrence of PTE.
Investigation of Unhealthy Lifestyle in Hypertension Patients in Baoding

[Objective]To learn distribution of unhealthy lifestyle in hypertension patients in Baoding,provide the basis for government's decision-making of prevention and control strategies for hypertension,and clinicians' choice of intervention,so as to improve compliance of hypertension patients.[Methods]The unhealthy lifestyle of hypertension patients in Baoding urban area and Matou township of Zhuozhou city was investigated,and the baseline data were statistically analyzed.[Results]The control rate of hypertension is low,especially in rural area with the un-qualified rate of 89.66%.The unhealthy habits which included smoking(mainly in city) and drinking(mainly in countryside) exists extensively.The salt intake in city is higher than that in countryside.[Conclusion]The hypertension control should be long-term,specific,diversified and individualized.
Central and peripheral effects of CCK receptor antagonists on satiety in dogs

The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) as a central and peripheral satiety factor was studied using the CCK-B (L-365,260) and CCK-A (MK-329) receptor antagonists in esophageal-fistula dogs. Suppression ...
Touchscreen Voting Interface Design for Persons with Dexterity Impairments: Insights from Usability Evaluation of Mobile Voting Prototype

To address the need for a universal and accessible voting solution, our research team designed and created a mobile voting user interface prototype for individuals with disabilities using specifications gathered from previous research focused on mobile and/or accessible design. We evaluated the usability of our prototype with individuals with moderate dexterity impairments and with no disabilities, and the majority of participants had a positive reaction and experience using this system. Our study generally confirmed previous research, and we discovered further considerations for mobile voting interface design for users with moderate dexterity impairments, involving buttons that are repeatedly pressed, button placement options, interpretations of inputs or touches, and adjustable support that provides various angle and height options.
The Power of Development and the Africa Strategy

In this chapter, Schaefer and Poffenbarger first examine social and economic indicators to understand the justification for South Africa’s ascension to full BRICS Membership, and what it may mean strategically for the BRICS bloc. They then explore the BRICS strategy of development by briefly discussing the increased activity by BRICS in Africa to unify the developing and underdeveloped world. Finally, the authors discuss the creation of the BRICS Development Bank and the bank’s effects on the International Monetary Fund and World Bank specifically, and western power generally.
Cultural technology: A framework for marketing cultural exports – analysis of Hallyu (the Korean wave)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline a framework for marketing cultural goods (e.g. music) to global markets by examining modes of entry and positioning strategies used by media producers of the South Korean music industry. Design/methodology/approach – An historic analysis was implemented to investigate the modalities and structures through which cultural products are produced and disseminated. Data for this study came from 314 articles collected from www.allkpop.com, a leading English-language, South Korean popular culture news site. Findings – The cultural technology framework consists of the institutionalization of cultural technology, exportation of cultural content, collaborations with local talent, and joint ventures with local markets. Research limitations/implications – The findings emerge from an analysis of South Korean popular music industries, and further research is needed to generalize the results across cultural industries. Practical implications – The cultural technology framework can be applied to cultural industries such as music, film, comics, and art, where culture and language could be barriers to adoption. Originality/value – This study outlines a framework for the modes of entry and positioning strategies of cultural goods (e.g. music) in international markets. Extant literature has examined global marketing from the purview of durable consumer goods and brands, with limited insights into cultural products. More broadly, this paper addresses the call for more qualitative inquiry into international marketing topics.
Alcohol and other drug use in older adults: results from a community needs assessment.

With the “Baby Boomer” generation reaching older adulthood, substance abuse treatment providers find themselves needing to address the unique needs of this population. Heavy drinking in adults ages 65 and over is strongly correlated with depression, anxiety, decreased social support, and poor health. However, while alcohol misuse has been shown to be predictive of a lower quality of life in older adults, the generalizability of these findings to urban dwelling, lower socioeconomic status individuals remains unclear. To identify potential treatment needs of this population, a city-funded needs assessment was conducted. Subjects were 249 individuals (44% male) who voluntarily completed measures of quality of life (QOL), depression, and substance abuse. Measures used included the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcohol or substance abuse was reported by over 20% of respondents, with 3.4% of respondents engaged in maladaptive alcohol use. Scores on the AUDIT were predictive of increased depression (r = − .209, p = .01), anxiety (r = − .201, p = .002), lower general well-being (r = − .154, p = .019), and decreased self-control (r = − .157, p = .017). A substantial percentage of the sample reported alcohol and substance misuse. Alcohol use was predictive of depression, global psychological distress, and decreased quality of life. This needs assessment reinforces findings from previous studies and addresses the added dimension of examining this in an urban, lower socioeconomic population.
Novel tilt-curvature coupling in lipid membranes

On mesoscopic scales, lipid membranes are well described by continuum theories whose main ingredients are the curvature of a membrane's reference surface and the tilt of its lipid constituents. In particular, Hamm and Kozlov [Eur. Phys. J. E 3, 323 (2000)] have shown how to systematically derive such a tilt-curvature Hamiltonian based on the elementary assumption of a thin fluid elastic sheet experiencing internal lateral pre-stress. Performing a dimensional reduction, they not only derive the basic form of the effective surface Hamiltonian but also express its emergent elastic couplings as trans-membrane moments of lower-level material parameters. In the present paper, we argue, though, that their derivation unfortunately missed a coupling term between curvature and tilt. This term arises because, as one moves along the membrane, the curvature-induced change of transverse distances contributes to the area strain-an effect that was believed to be small but nevertheless ends up contributing at the same (quadratic) order as all other terms in their Hamiltonian. We illustrate the consequences of this amendment by deriving the monolayer and bilayer Euler-Lagrange equations for the tilt, as well as the power spectra of shape, tilt, and director fluctuations. A particularly curious aspect of our new term is that its associated coupling constant is the second moment of the lipid monolayer's lateral stress profile-which within this framework is equal to the monolayer Gaussian curvature modulus, κ¯m. On the one hand, this implies that many theoretical predictions now contain a parameter that is poorly known (because the Gauss-Bonnet theorem limits access to the integrated Gaussian curvature); on the other hand, the appearance of κ¯m outside of its Gaussian curvature provenance opens opportunities for measuring it by more conventional means, for instance by monitoring a membrane's undulation spectrum at short scales.
Minimally invasive esthetic ridge preservation with growth-factor enhanced bone matrix.

Objectives Extraction socket preservation procedures are critical to successful esthetic implant therapy. Conventional surgical approaches are technique sensitive and often result in alteration of the soft tissue architecture, which then requires additional corrective surgical procedures. This case series report presents the ability of flapless surgical techniques combined with a growth factor-enhanced bone matrix to provide esthetic ridge preservation at the time of extraction for compromised sockets. Clinical Considerations When considering esthetic dental implant therapy, preservation, or further enhancement of the available tissue support at the time of tooth extraction may provide an improved esthetic outcome with reduced postoperative sequelae and decreased treatment duration. Advances in minimally invasive surgical techniques combined with recombinant growth factor technology offer an alternative for bone reconstruction while maintaining the gingival architecture for enhanced esthetic outcome. The combination of freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and rhPDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor-BB) provides a growth-factor enhanced matrix to induce bone and soft tissue healing. Conclusions The use of a growth-factor enhanced matrix is an option for minimally invasive ridge preservation procedures for sites with advanced bone loss. Further studies including randomized clinical trials are needed to better understand the extent and limits of these procedures. Clinical Significance The use of minimally invasive techniques with growth factors for esthetic ridge preservation reduces patient morbidity associated with more invasive approaches and increases the predictability for enhanced patient outcomes. By reducing the need for autogenous bone grafts the use of this technology is favorable for patient acceptance and ease of treatment process for esthetic dental implant therapy.
Chemical composition of glandular secretions from a pair-living monogamous primate: Sex, age, and gland differences in captive and wild owl monkeys (Aotus spp.).

Broadening our knowledge of olfactory communication in strictly monogamous systems can inform our understanding of how chemosignals may facilitate social and reproductive behavior between the sexes. Compared to other social and mating systems, relatively little is known about olfactory communication in strictly monogamous non-human primates. Furthermore, platyrrhines are not well represented in chemical analyses of glandular secretions. We conducted semi-quantitative headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to investigate the chemical components of glandular secretions from the subcaudal and pectoral glands of a strictly pair-living platyrrhine, the owl monkey (Aotus spp.). In this study, the first chemical analysis of a wild platyrrhine population, our goals were to (1) conduct a robust analysis of glandular secretions from both captive and wild owl monkey populations and (2) identify whether biologically relevant traits are present in glandular secretions. We also compared and contrasted the results between two Aotus species in different environmental contexts: wild Aotus azarae (N = 33) and captive A. nancymaae (N = 104). Our findings indicate that secretions from both populations encode sex, gland of origin, and possibly individual identity. These consistent patterns across species and contexts suggest that secretions may function as chemosignals. Our data also show that wild A. azarae individuals are chemically discriminated by age (adult or subadult). Among the captive A. nanycmaae, we found chemical differences associated with location, possibly caused by dietary differences. However, there was no noticeable effect of contraception on the chemical profiles of females, nor evidence that closely related individuals exhibit more similar chemical profiles in A. nancymaae. Overall, our data suggest that glandular secretions of both wild and captive Aotus convey specific information. Future studies should use behavioral bioassays to evaluate the ability of owl monkeys to detect signals, and consider whether odor may ultimately facilitate social and sexual relationships between male and female owl monkeys.
Integrated System for Collecting and Reporting Crash and Citation Data

Free to read on publisher website Currently, the collection of crash and citation data is performed by law enforcement agents without taking full advantage of existing state-of-the-art technologies. Availability of communication networks and recent developments in software technology provide opportunities to collect data in an easier, faster, and more accurate manner. Key challenges in collecting of this type of data include standardizing and capturing the right location where crashes occur as well as minimizing the exposure time of law enforcement agents at the scene. This paper describes the development of a state-of-the-art crash and citation data collection system and geospatial database, hosted by a remote server, a mobile application, and a web portal. The proposed system takes full advantage of Geographic Information and Positioning Systems to capture location data and provide tools to create scene diagrams. The proposed system was designed and implemented in cooperation with law enforcement agencies and data users to meet the needs of various stakeholders.
Reed Solomon Encoding for the Mitigation of Clipping Noise in OFDM-Based Visible Light Communications

In this paper, we present a clipping noise mitigation technique in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based visible light communication (VLC) system employing Reed Solomon (RS) coding. In this technique, the data is encoded using an RS codeword and then part of the redundancy introduced by the frame which exceeds the clipping range are removed by applying different number of puncturing, and the redundancy left in the data are used at the receiver side to retrieve the data block. The puncturing of the redundancy aids in mitigating clipping noise generated by truncating the OFDM symbols at the transmitter by shortening the number of active subcarriers, while the residual redundancy are exploited at the receiver for the reconstruction and correction of errors.
Threats and Bullying by Prosecutors

INTRODUCTION 327 I. THREATS AND BULLYING 331 A. Intimidating Grand Jury Witnesses 331 B. Coercing Guilty Pleas 332 C. Attacking Defense Experts 333 D. Bullying Defense Witnesses 334 E. Bullying Prosecution Witnesses 334 F. Compelling Waiver of Civil Rights Claim 335 G. Retaliation 336 H. Demagoguery 336 I. Shaming 337 J. Coercing Corporate Cooperation 337 II. LEGITIMATE AND ILLEGITIMATE THREATS AND BULLYING 338 CONCLUSION 343
Demand for Submarket Attributes

This chapter discusses the estimation of the demand parameters for residential attributes of the model developed in chapter 3 and includes the last two stages of the multistage estimation procedure outlined in chapter 4 (figure 4.1). Although the focal point of the chapter is the estimation of residential attribute parameters by the total inflow equation (4.28), estimates of the relative values of the systemic variables M kj - must first be obtained. The next section summarizes their estimation by a statistical fixed effects model. This is followed by a more comprehensive discussion of the fifth stage of estimation in the second section. The last section contains brief concluding remarks.