cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angular momentum transfer in primordial discs and the rotation of the first stars

We investigate the rotation velocity of the first stars by modelling the angular momentum transfer in the primordial accretion disc.Assessing the impact of magnetic braking, we consider the transition in angular momentum transport mode at the Alfv$\acute{\rm e}$n radius, from the dynamically dominated free-fall accretion to the magnetically dominated solid-body one.The accreting protostar at the centre of the primordial star-forming cloud rotates with close to breakup speed in the case without magnetic fields.Considering a physically-motivated model for small-scale turbulent dynamo amplification, we find that stellar rotation speed quickly declines if a large fraction of the initial turbulent energy is converted to magnetic energy ($\gtrsim 0.14$). Alternatively, if the dynamo process were inefficient, for amplification due to flux-freezing, stars would become slow rotators if the pre-galactic magnetic field strength is above a critical value, $\simeq 10^{-8.2}$G, evaluated at a scale of $n_{\rm H} = 1 {\rm cm}^{-3}$, which is significantly higher than plausible cosmological seed values ($\sim 10^{-15}$G). Because of the rapid decline of the stellar rotational speed over a narrow range in model parameters, the first stars encounter a bimodal fate: rapid rotation at almost the breakup level, or the near absence of any rotation.
Epidemiology and natural history of HPV

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly prevalent, sexually transmitted infection responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. High-risk HPV types are now known to be necessary in the etiology of cervical cancer and to lead to both high-grade and low-grade cervical lesions. They are also implicated in a substantial portion of anal, penile, and head and neck precancers and cancers. HPV 16 and 18 are the most common HPV types found in cervical cancer and are responsible for approximately 70% of these cancers. In contrast, low-risk HPV types, the most common of which are HPV 6 and 11, cause genital warts, low-grade cervical lesions, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, but they do not cause cervical or other HPV-related cancers. Infection is most common in young, sexually active populations, and an estimated three fourths of adults will be infected with HPV during their lifetime. Cervical screening programs exist in the United States and other developed countries to identify and treat precancerous cervical lesions, but they do not reach all women and are costly. Until recently, no highly effective primary prevention strategy to reduce the risk of HPV acquisition existed. However, a quadrivalent HPV vaccine, which protects against the most common high-risk and low-risk HPV infections (HPV 16, 18, 6, and 11), is now available. In addition, a bivalent HPV vaccine that protects against high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 is in the late stages of clinical development. If implemented widely, vaccination against HPV promises to dramatically reduce HPV-associated morbidity and mortality.
Chapter 24 – The Decision-making Process for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor in men. There are several treatment options for men diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer. There is an obvious need for decision-making tools that individual patients can apply to the specific parameters of their disease to reach an informed decision. In order to make accurate and informed decisions about treatment choices for prostate cancer, the patient and clinician must follow an orderly decision-making process. The most important starting point for decision analysis is to review the available literature for each treatment modality and elucidate the respective success rates in cancer control, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, local and distant recurrence, and cancer-specific survival, and ascertain significant predictors of treatment success or failure. The decision-making process for prostate cancer is not straightforward. There are multiple treatment modalities with similar cancer control, especially for low-risk patients. Fortunately, the field of decision analysis and outcomes research is expanding rapidly and will improve the decision-making process in the years to come.
The actin filament bundling protein α-actinin-4 actually suppresses actin stress fibers by permitting actin turnover

Cells organize actin filaments into contractile bundles known as stress fibers that resist mechanical stress, increase cell adhesion, remodel the extracellular matrix, and maintain tissue integrity. α-actinin is an actin filament bundling protein that is thought to be essential for stress fiber formation and stability. However, previous studies have also suggested that α-actinin might disrupt fibers, making the true function of this biomolecule unclear. Here we use fluorescence imaging to show that kidney epithelial cells depleted of α-actinin-4 via shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9, or expressing a disruptive mutant make more massive stress fibers that are less dynamic than those in WT cells, leading to defects in cell motility and wound healing. The increase in stress fiber mass and stability can be explained, in part, by increased loading of the filament component tropomyosin onto stress fibers in the absence of α-actinin, as monitored via immunofluorescence. We show using imaging and cosedimentation that α-actinin and tropomyosin compete for binding to F-actin and that tropomyosin shields actin filaments from cofilin-mediated disassembly in vitro and in cells. Perturbing tropomyosin in cells lacking α-actinin-4 results in a complete loss of stress fibers. Our results with α-actinin-4 on stress fiber organization are the opposite of what might have been predicted from previous in vitro biochemistry and further highlight how the complex interactions of multiple proteins competing for filament binding lead to unexpected functions for actin-binding proteins in cells.
Patient, Parent, and Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceptions of Pediatric Voice Therapy Through Interviews.

Purpose Voice therapy is heavily reliant on patient adherence for success, and patient perceptions are an important piece of understanding adherence. Patient perceptions of voice therapy have not b...
Ionization-driven intrinsic absorption line variability of BAL quasars in the Stripe 82 region

We investigate the connection between the intrinsic C IV absorption line variability and the continuum flux changes of broad absorption line (BAL) quasars using a sample of 78 sources in the Stripe 82 region. The absorption trough variability parameters are measured using the archival multi-epoch spectroscopic data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and the continuum flux variability parameters are estimated from the photometric light curves obtained by the SDSS and the Catalina Real-Time Survey (CRTS) surveys. We find evidence for weak correlations (\rho ~ 0.3) between the intrinsic C IV absorption line variability and the quasar continuum variability for the final sample of 78 BAL quasars. The correlation strengths improve (\rho ~0.5) for the "high-SNR" sample sources that have higher spectral signal-to-noise ratio. Using two sub-sets of the high-SNR sample differing on the absorption trough depth, we find that the shallow trough sub-set shows an even stronger correlation (\rho ~ 0.6), whereas the deep trough sub-set does not show any correlation between the absorption line variability and the continuum variability. These results point to the important role of saturation effects in the correlation between the absorption line variability and the continuum variability of BAL quasars. Considering other effects that can also smear the correlation, we conclude that the actual correlation between the absorption line and continuum variability is even stronger.
Theories of Action

The first part of this chapter is concerned with three rival theories of action. Each theory conceives of an action as an event or process in time, or as an aggregate of such events and processes; and each conceives of an action as adequately individuated by virtue of its causes and effects. I shall argue that, if a metaphysical commitment to events is accepted, no one of the theories is clearly preferable to the others. This is a surprising result, since the theories are espoused by philosophers as diverse in orientation as H. A. Prichard, Donald Davidson and R. G. Collingwood. In the last section of the chapter I argue that a metaphysical commitment to events is actually questionable and that, if it is rejected, a theory of agents must be accepted as clearly preferable to any theory that is explicitly concerned with actions and attempts to specify the conditions of their identity.
Mild and Selective Vanadium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic, Allylic, and Propargylic Alcohols Using Air.

The catalyst is easily prepared in one step under air using commercially available reagents.
Split-gene drive system provides flexible application for safe laboratory investigation and potential field deployment

ABSTRACT CRISPR-based gene drives spread through populations bypassing the dictates of Mendelian genetics, offering a population-engineering tool for tackling vector-borne diseases, managing crop pests, and helping island conservation efforts; unfortunately, current technologies raise safety concerns for unintended gene propagation. Herein, we address this by splitting the two drive components, Cas9 and gRNAs, into separate alleles to form a novel trans-complementing split–gene-drive (tGD) and demonstrate its ability to promote super-Mendelian inheritance of the separate transgenes. This bi-component nature allows for individual transgene optimization and increases safety by restricting escape concerns to experimentation windows. We employ the tGD and a small– molecule-controlled version to investigate the biology of component inheritance and use our system to study the maternal effects on CRISPR inheritance, impaired homology on efficiency, and resistant allele formation. Lastly, mathematical modeling of tGD spread in a population shows potential advantages for improving current gene-drive technologies for field population modification.
Examining parental educational expectations in one of the oldest children's savings account programs in the country: The Harold Alfond College Challenge

Abstract This study draws data from a Children’s Savings Accounts (CSA) program and investigates the relationship between CSA enrollment policy (opt-in vs opt-out) and parental educational expectations. Opt-in programs require families to sign up to participate whereas opt-out programs automatically enroll participants. This study finds that Maine parents with a CSA, regardless of whether they opt-in or are automatically enrolled, are more likely to expect their child to attend college than parents who do not have a CSA. Further, our findings show no difference in educational expectations between parents who opt-in and those who are automatically enrolled under an opt-out policy. This study contributes to the CSA field by examining enrollment policy design on one of the oldest and most well-known CSA programs in the US.
Chemical Plume Tracing using an AUV based on POMDP Source Mapping and A-star Path Planning

This paper presents an engineering-based chemical plume tracing (CPT) method for using on an autonomous under-water vehicle (AUV) to locate a chemical source in an underwater environment with obstacles. Fundamental steps of the proposed method are twofold. Firstly, the estimated source location is obtained by a source likelihood map, which is generated based on a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP). Secondly, after the estimated source location is determined, the A-star path planning algorithm is used to generate the shortest path toward the target while avoiding obstacles. Simulation results validate the proposed method in environments with either laminar or turbulent flow conditions. Comparing with other chemical source mapping algorithms, such as the hidden Markov model (HMM) based method, the POMDP-based source mapping algorithm converges to the correct chemical source location in a faster rate. Besides, the A-star path planning algorithm enables the AUV to avoid obstacles and the local minima issue in the traditional path planning algorithm, such as the artificial potential field.
Inertia Estimation in Power Systems using Energy Storage and System Identification Techniques

Fast-frequency control strategies have been proposed in the literature to maintain inertial response of electric generation and help with the frequency regulation of the system. However, it is challenging to deploy such strategies when the inertia constant of the system is unknown and time-varying. In this paper, we present a data-driven system identification approach for an energy storage system (ESS) operator to identify the inertial response of the system (and consequently the inertia constant). The method is first tested and validated with a simulated genset model using small changes in the system load as the excitation signal and measuring the corresponding change in frequency. The validated method is then used to experimentally identify the inertia constant of a genset. The inertia constant of the simulated genset model was estimated with an error of less than 5% which provides a reasonable estimate for the ESS operator to properly tune the parameters of a fast-frequency controller.
Nutritional strategies to improve gastrointestinal health of dairy calves

Dairy calves are extremely susceptible to gastrointestinal disease during the pre-weaned period. The gastrointestinal immune system of the calf is naive and develops rapidly during the first few days to weeks of life. The cells that make up the gastrointestinal tract are the first line of defense of the immune system; therefore, until the cells are more adult-like the calf may be at an increased risk for developing gastrointestinal diseases. Gastrointestinal health can be improved either by hastening the maturation of the intestinal immune system or by controlling infections in the intestines until the local immune system fully develops. Various nutritional strategies may function through 1 or both of these mechanisms and include yeast cell wall extracts, probiotics, other fermentation products, hyper-immunized egg protein, and spray-dried plasma proteins. In addition to various nutritional additives, the quantity and quality of milk solids that are fed to neonatal calves can influence not only the pre-weaning health, but have effects that persist later into life. Nutrition of neonatal calves is as important to calf health as any other management strategy.
Reflections on "Our COVID-19 Buddy System".

The foundation of good clinical training in palliative and hospice care is grounded in a professional learning environment of mutual respect, warmth, and expertise. Guided by the principles of holi...
Creation and Implementation of a pharmacy led meds-to-beds program at a large teaching hospital

Abstract Background “Meds-to-bed” programs are a quality improvement intervention that is gaining wider implementation throughout the United States. The University of Oklahoma hospital system did not have this program and sought to implement one. While there is sufficient data on the benefits of meds-to-bed programs, there is a lack of literature on describing the development and implementation process. Objectives The objective of this paper is to describe the planning process, implementation, and barriers encountered during the organization of a pharmacy-led meds-to-bed program operating within two large teaching hospitals. Practice Description The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center campus has seven colleges, multiple primary care and specialty clinics, and two hospitals. Additionally, there are three on-campus outpatient pharmacies operated by the University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy. Practice Innovation The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy implemented a meds-to-beds program primarily serving two on-campus hospitals, The Oklahoma Children’s Hospital and OU Medical Center. The program operated out of The Children’s Pharmacy, an outpatient pharmacy located within the Children’s Hospital. Evaluation Methods A Plan-Do-Study-Act model was used which allowed for adaptation in response to barriers encountered throughout the process. Frequent meetings among stakeholders were held to continuously evaluate progress (e.g. awareness and utilization of the program and prescription counts) and make necessary changes. Results Implementation of the program required changes in workflow both within the pharmacy and within the registration and discharge processes of medical teams. Additionally, following the initiation of the meds-to-beds program, the daily prescription count more than doubled. The program averages 40 deliveries per day with three prescriptions per delivery and continues to grow providing evidence of a successful meds-to-bed implementation. Conclusion The Plan-Do-Study-Act model allowed for many adjustments to be made throughout the process, including the conversion from an opt-in to an opt-out model to increase program utilization.
Trustworthiness in Pervasive and Ubiquitous Environment

The technology needed to realize the goal of fully pervasive and mobile computing is rapidly coming together. Its emergence represents an unprecedented opportunity to expand the power of the Internet beyond traditional computing devices, enabling a world of smart spaces and smart appliances providing often invisible support for a variety of context-aware services with tremendous environmental and social benefits. Recent advances in wireless sensor technologies, coupled with the increasing capabilities of mobile and embedded computing devices, has triggered a rapid surge of interest in a variety of critical services, raging from pervasive healthcare and habitat monitoring to critical infrastructure protection and object tracking. It is clear, however, that the need for trust in the decision making ability of the pervasive system is paramount for its success. The objective of this panel is to address issues related to trust in pervasive computing environments. In this context, trust goes beyond traditional security concerns, namely privacy, confidentiality, information integrity, service availability, authorization and authentication. The focus will be on gaining better understanding of the notion of trust in pervasive computing, understanding the psycho-sociological aspects of trust, and discussing frameworks and models for trust establishment, dynamics and evolution. Panelists from leading technology companies and research institutions will present brief talks centering on different aspects of the pervasive healthcare infrastructure. The audience will then be encouraged to ask questions and present short opinions.
Structural changes following fertilization in the sea urchin egg: Formation and dissolution of heavy bodies

Abstract 1. 1. Large aggregates of ribosome-like particles, or “heavy bodies”, bounded by annulate lamellae are formed at the nuclear surface of sea urchin eggs, beginning some time before fertilization and continuing until pronuclear fusion after fertilization. 2. 2. At the time of nuclear membrane breakdown prior to first division the annulate lamellae of the heavy bodies disintegrate in the same manner as the nuclear membrane and the ribosome-like particles become dispersed in the cytoplasm. 3. 3. The possibility that heavy bodies are aggregates of polyribosomes held inactive by protein masking is discussed in relation to current biochemical data.
The Unaffordable Health Care Act - A Reponse to Professors Bagley and Horwitz

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 has stirred considerable controversy. In the public debate over the program, many of its proponents defended it by focusing on what is sometimes called the “free-rider” problem. In a prior article, we contended that the free-rider problem has been greatly exaggerated and was not likely to have been a significant factor in the congressional decision to adopt the Act. In a recently published article, Professors Nicholas Bagley and Jill Horwitz responded to our article. In addition to addressing the free-rider issue, they also made a number of points in defense of the Act. In this reply, while we concentrate on responding to those items that were discussed in our prior article, we also deal with some of their other points. In addition, we raise the question of whether the cost of the Act outweighs its benefits, and whether that is especially pertinent in light of the country's current fiscal problems.
A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for the detection of cirrhosis

We conducted a review of the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. The objectives were: to identify studies assessing the accuracy of clinical examination in the detection of cirrhosis; to summarize the diagnostic accuracy of reported physical examination findings; and to define the effects of study characteristics on estimates of diagnostic accuracy. Studies were identified through electronic literature search of MEDLINE (1966 to 2000), search of bibliographic references, and contact with authors. Studies that evaluated indicants from physical examination of patients with known or suspected liver disease undergoing liver biopsy were included. Qualitative data on study characteristics were extracted. Two-by-two tables of presence or absence of physical findings for patients with and without cirrhosis were created from study data. Data for physical findings reported in each study were combined using Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curves or random effects modeling, as appropriate. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, including a total of 1895 patients, ranging in age from 3 to 90 years. Most studies were conducted in referral populations with elevated aminotransferase levels. Ten physical signs were reported in three or more studies and ten signs in only a single study. Signs for which there was more study data were associated with high specificity (range 75–98%), but low sensitivity (range 15–68%) for histologically-proven cirrhosis. Physical findings are generally of low sensitivity for the diagnosis of cirrhosis, and signs with higher specificity represent decompensated disease. Most studies have been undertaken in highly selected populations.
Mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenases from yeast.

Abstract A polarographic technique suitable for kinetic studies of either isolated or bound pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases was used to investigate the isocitrate dehydrogenases of yeast mitochondria. Intact mitochondria were found to contain both triphosphopyridine nucleotide- and diphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases with properties very similar to those which have been reported for the isolated dehydrogenases. The DPN-linked enzyme in situ exhibits a nonclassical, sigmoid substrate against activity relationship with respect to isocitrate and is activated by adenosine 5'-monophosphate. The TPN-linked enzyme in situ exhibits a hyperbolic substrate against activity relationship which is unaffected by AMP. The DPN-linked dehydrogenase also shows another non-classical increase in activity that occurs in response to high isocitrate concentrations or to heat treatment. This activation is characteristic only of untreated, intact mitochondria and may be secondary to an alteration of the mitochondria themselves.
Ischemic tolerance as an active and intrinsic neuroprotective mechanism.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents current thoughts on the features, mechanism, and potential applications of ischemic tolerance. Ischemic tolerance occurs when a preconditioning sublethal insult induces protection against a subsequent severe ischemic insult, represents an intrinsic mechanism where cells learn to tolerate a stressful environment. Cerebral ischemic tolerance is an active, endogenous process that involves energy-requiring alterations in gene expression, post-translational modification, and regulated signaling. Inducible ischemic tolerance serves as an experimental probe into the mechanism of endogenous neuroprotection that may lead to more effective treatment of ischemic and other injuries to the nervous system. Instead of examining how neurons and glia die, ischemic tolerance helps to understand how cells induce survival in the face of stress. Similar to ischemic tolerance identified in the myocardium, cerebral ischemic tolerance induced by sublethal injury presents a system where the brain can induce its own neuroprotection. While sublethal ischemia has been the classically studied inducer of ischemic tolerance, determining more specific inducers of tolerance could lead to the identification of targeted and safe sublethal injuries geared toward ischemic recovery or pretreatment.
Resident's morning report: An opportunity to reinforce principles of biomedical science in a clinical context

The principles of biochemistry are core to understanding cellular and tissue function, as well as the pathophysiology of disease. However, the clinical utility of biochemical principles is often obscure to clinical trainees. Resident's Morning Report is a common teaching conference in which residents present clinical cases of interest to a faculty member for discussion. This venue provides an opportunity to illustrate how basic biomedical principles facilitate an understanding of the clinical presentation, the relevant pathophysiology, and the rationale for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. A discussion of biochemical principles can easily be incorporated into these case discussions, with the potential to reinforce these concepts and to illustrate their application to clinical decision making. This approach maintains the effort to teach basic biomedical sciences in the context of clinical application across the educational continuum.
Adjuvant radiation therapy for bladder cancer: A dosimetric comparison of techniques

Trials of adjuvant radiation after cystectomy are under development. There are no studies comparing radiation techniques to inform trial design. This study assesses the effect on bowel and rectal dose of 3 different modalities treating 2 proposed alternative clinical target volumes (CTVs). Contours of the bowel, rectum, CTV-pelvic sidewall (common/internal/external iliac and obturator nodes), and CTV-comprehensive (CTV-pelvic sidewall plus cystectomy bed and presacral regions) were drawn on simulation images of 7 post-cystectomy patients. We optimized 3-dimensional conformal radiation (3-D), intensity-modulated radiation (IMRT), and single-field uniform dose (SFUD) scanning proton plans for each CTV. Mixed models regression was used to compare plans for bowel and rectal volumes exposed to 35% (V35%), 65% (V65%), and 95% (V95%) of the prescribed dose. For any given treatment modality, treating the larger CTV-comprehensive volume compared with treating only the CTV-pelvic sidewall nodes significantly increased rectal dose (V35% rectum, V65% rectum, and V95% rectum; p < 0.001 for all comparisons), but it did not produce significant differences in bowel dose (V95% bowel, V65% bowel, or V35% bowel). The 3-D plans, compared with both the IMRT and the SFUD plans, had a significantly greater V65% bowel and V95% bowel for each proposed CTV (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The effect of treatment modality on rectal dosimetry differed by CTV, but it generally favored the IMRT and the SFUD plans over the 3-D plans. Comparison of the IMRT plan vs the SFUD plan yielded mixed results with no consistent advantage for the SFUD plan over the IMRT plan. Targeting a CTV that spares the cystectomy bed and presacral region may marginally improve rectal toxicity but would not be expected to improve the bowel toxicity associated with any given modality of adjuvant radiation. Using the IMRT or the SFUD plans instead of the 3-D conformal plan may improve both bowel and rectal toxicity.
Antenna pattern measurement by satellite

The satellite 1959 IOTA (Explorer VII) which emitted a signal on 19.991 Mc was used to measure the radiation pattern of a large multiple-beam antenna array (ISCAN) when it passed over the array. The experience gained in the improvised tests is projected into future, well-instrumented pattern measurements by means of a satellite designed for this purpose. It appears that the "antenna calibration satellite" envisioned has definite merits as well as limitations.
Failure Analysis of a Crimping Mechanism

This article details the failure analysis of an aluminum bronze bushing that is utilized in a crimping machine. The crimping mechanism has an indenter (made of tool steel) that is guided by the aluminum bronze bushing that began to fail after 50,000 cycles or approximately 2 weeks of production operation. Typical run times prior to these failures were on the order of months. These failures were causing users to conduct excessive maintenance (i.e., swapping out aluminum bronze bushings). Initial concerns with quality of material were raised; however, after a detailed analysis of the entire system it was clear that there were several issues at play that were not previously considered. As a result this study focused on identifying appropriate materials and design changes of the indenter and bushing to reduce the wear and thus increase life.
Drawing inferences from the presuppositions and implications of affirmative and negative sentences

This study examined the effects of negation on how people make use of information in the presuppositions and implications of sentences. Subjects were timed as they made true-false judgments of sentences like If John forgot to let the dog out, then the dog is supposed to be in. The verbs were either positive (for example, remember) or inherently negative (forget); the conclusions interrogated either presuppositions (the dog is supposed to be out) or implications (the dog is out). Subjects found it easier to verify positive components as true, but negative components as false. This happened regardless of the polarity (positive or negative) of the parent sentence. Also, subjects took longer on negative verbs, but by an equal amount on both components, even though such negation does not logically affect presuppositions. This suggests that people may examine implications before presuppositions regardless of which component is interrogated.
Algorithms for optimization and stabilization of controlled Markov chains

This article reviews some recent results by the author on the optimal control of Markov chains. Two common algorithms for the construction of optimal policies are considered: value iteration and policy iteration.
Psychosocial theory and research on depression: An integrative framework and review

Abstract Psychosocial factors, especially stressful life circumstances and stress mediating factors, are a major concern in current research on the etiology and treatment of depression. This paper presents a conceptual framework to summarize and integrate the rapidly expanding theoretical, empirical, and clinical literature on depression. This framework views depression as resulting from the interplay of several domains of variables, including personal and environmental resources, environmental Stressors, and the individual's appraisal and coping responses to specific stressful events. Research relevant to each of these domains and their interrelationships is reviewed. The clinical implications of the framework for evaluating the relative effectiveness of treatment programs and developing prevention programs are considered.
The excess enthalpies of (1-butene + methyl t-butyl ether), (1,3-butadiene + propene), and (carbon disulfide + methanol) as functions of temperature

Abstract The excess enthalpies H E of (1-butene + methyl t -butyl ether), (1,3-butadiene + propene), and (carbon disulfide + methanol) were measured over a range of temperatures with an isothermal flow calorimeter with a reproducibility of better than 1 per cent. All mixtures showed non-ideal behavior and an immiscible region was evident in (carbon disulfide + methanol).
Told in Memory of God’s People: Beloved

The purpose of this article is to show how Toni Morrison’s novel, Beloved, can be used in pastoral care and counseling courses to encourage the development of empathy and to illustrate themes in the communal contextual and intercultural paradigms emerging in the field of pastoral theology.
Broad-scale patterns of late jurassic dinosaur paleoecology.

Background There have been numerous studies on dinosaur biogeographic distribution patterns. However, these distribution data have not yet been applied to ecological questions. Ecological studies of dinosaurs have tended to focus on reconstructing individual taxa, usually through comparisons to modern analogs. Fewer studies have sought to determine if the ecological structure of fossil assemblages is preserved and, if so, how dinosaur communities varied. Climate is a major component driving differences between communities. If the ecological structure of a fossil locality is preserved, we expect that dinosaur assemblages from similar environments will share a similar ecological structure. Methodology/Principal Findings This study applies Ecological Structure Analysis (ESA) to a dataset of 100+ dinosaur taxa arranged into twelve composite fossil assemblages from around the world. Each assemblage was assigned a climate zone (biome) based on its location. Dinosaur taxa were placed into ecomorphological categories. The proportion of each category creates an ecological profile for the assemblage, which were compared using cluster and principal components analyses. Assemblages grouped according to biome, with most coming from arid or semi-arid/seasonal climates. Differences between assemblages are tied to the proportion of large high-browsing vs. small ground-foraging herbivores, which separates arid from semi-arid and moister environments, respectively. However, the effects of historical, taphonomic, and other environmental factors are still evident. Conclusions/Significance This study is the first to show that the general ecological structure of Late Jurassic dinosaur assemblages is preserved at large scales and can be assessed quantitatively. Despite a broad similarity of climatic conditions, a degree of ecological variation is observed between assemblages, from arid to moist. Taxonomic differences between Asia and the other regions demonstrate at least one case of ecosystem convergence. The proportion of different ecomorphs, which reflects the prevailing climatic and environmental conditions present during fossil deposition, may therefore be used to differentiate Late Jurassic dinosaur fossil assemblages. This method is broadly applicable to different taxa and times, allowing one to address questions of evolutionary, biogeographic, and climatic importance.
The Generalized Quasilinearization Method for Partial Differential Equations of First Order

This paper applies the method of generalized quasilinearization to investigating the monotone iterative technique for partial differential equations of first order. The rate of convergence is also discussed.
Vector fields, line integrals, and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation: Semiclassical quantization of bound states

In 1972, P. Pechukas [J. Chem. Phys. 57, 5577 (1972)] proposed "classical states" associated with Miller-Good transformations, semiclassical quantization, and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. In this paper we use some of the concepts established by Pechukas and extend them to define generalized curvilinear coordinates $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ associated with nonlinear dynamical systems with Hamiltonians of the form $H=T(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{p}})+V(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}})$. For reasons discussed in the paper we call these coordinates "nodal" coordinates. We show that a transformation to nodal coordinates is to a very good approximation dependent only on Cartesian variables. Using this approximation we demonstrate that, within the regular regime of phase space, canonical transformation to $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ coordinates simplifies the analysis of the classical and quantum mechanics of dynamical systems. Our fundamental conclusions are as follows: (1) The solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is separable in $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ coordinates; (2) the WKB wave function ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\mathrm{WKB}}$ is separable in $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ coordinates; and (3) if the transformation to $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ coordinates is made conformal (which we show we are allowed to do within the approximation stated above), then the Schr\"odinger equation and wave functions become separable. Finally, the concepts in this paper are discussed for systems of two degrees of freedom but can be generalized to more degrees of freedom.
Analysis of linear programming in model predictive control

Abstract The linear programming formulations of model predictive control are known to exhibit degenerate solution behavior. In this work, a multi-parametric linear programming technique is utilized to analyze the control laws that are generated from various linear programming based MPC routines. These various routines explore a number of factors, including objective function selection and constraint handling on the control laws generated from LP based MPC. A single input single output system is used to demonstrate that the use of input velocity penalties, input blocking, and ∞ -norm objective functions can limit or eliminate this undesirable behavior. Finally, a paper machine cross directional control problem is used to demonstrate the control laws generated from LP based MPC for a multivariable example.
Leeway for Personal Impact: The Case of Foreign‐Policy Making in Norway*

Setting their focus on the role of decision-makers at intermediate and higher levels of a country's foreign policy administration, the authors analyze contextual factors that may determine the impact of decision-makers' personal characteristics on foreign policy. The article highlights the dynamics of these factors in the case of Norwegian foreign policy-making in the mid- and late 1970s. Over time, there has been a general relaxation of formal bureaucratic constraints, including the use of internally recruited political appointment, compounded by the growth of non-traditional international public affairs. The Foreign Minister's leadership style appears to have served as a catalyst to create an environment in which middle-to-upper level administrative leaders and political appointees have had greater opportunity than previously to garner influence and make it felt.
Interaction of immunoglobulin with actin.

Abstract Actin can form specific, direct associations with immunoglobulin resulting in soluble complexes or cross-linked matrices. This interaction can be detected by four in vitro assays using purified components: (1) actin enhances the cytophilic activity of guinea pig IgG2; (2) in solutions of low ionic strength, actin and IgG2 co-precipitate: (3) soluble complexes exist in 0.1 M KCl as revealed by the displacement of actin from its expected sedimentation pattern in a gradient of sucrose when in the presence of IgG 1, IgG2, or IgM; (4) immunoglobulin (IgG1, IgG2, BGG)‡: increases the viscosity of F-actin solutions, presumably by crosslinking F-actin filaments. These data suggest that direct interaction of a cytoskeletal protein with a cell surface receptor is possible.
Usefulness of the myocardial performance index for assessing right ventricular function in congenital heart disease.

Quantitative assessment of ventricular function in patients with congenital heart disease is often challenging due to distorted ventricular geometry. A myocardial performance index (MPI) has been reported in adults and children that is a Doppler-derived nongeometric measure of ventricular function. The MPI measures the ratio of isovolumic time intervals (isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic relaxation time) to ventricular ejection time. The effects of altered ventricular preload or afterload on the MPI have yet to be determined. This study assesses the impact of altered preload or afterload on right ventricular (RV) function and the RV MPI in the clinical setting of congenital heart disease. Patient groups were compared with normal pediatric and adult populations before and after repair of their congenital heart lesion. Patients with large atrial septal defects (ASDs) represented the clinical setting of increased ventricular preload, whereas patients with isolated pulmonary valve stenosis represented increased RV afterload. Patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CC-TGA) with severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation represented a combined increase in RV preload and afterload. The RV MPI in 152 normal children (ages 3 to 18 years) and 37 adults (ages 18 to 51 years) was 0.32 ± 0.03 and 0.28 ± 0.04, respectively. In pediatric patients (n = 45) and adult patients (n = 40) with ASD, the RV MPI was 0.35 ± 0.09 (p = NS) and 0.38 ± 0.04 (p <0.01 compared with normal adults), respectively. Patients with pulmonary stenosis (n = 21, ages 1 day to 19 years) had a RV MPI of 0.32 ± 0.06 (p = NS). CC-TGA patients had a RV MPI of 0.72 ± 0.17 (p <0.001). No significant change in the RV MPI was seen in any postoperative patient group despite relief of RV volume or pressure overload. Thus, the MPI is a quantitative measure of RV performance that is appears to be relatively independent of changes in preload or afterload in the clinical setting.
Habitat-specific demography: evidence for source-sink population structure in a mammal, the pika.

Theory suggests that populations may persist in sink habitats that cannot support replacement-level birth rates. Although it is commonly believed that organisms that can actively select habitat should rarely occur in sinks, the frequency of use of sinks in free-ranging species is not well-documented. We found that a population of American pikas (Ochotona princeps, Lagomorpha) inhabiting distinct alpine habitats (meadow and snowbed) in Wyoming, USA, had habitat-specific demographic rates that produced a source-sink population structure. Population size increased in both habitats in summer and declined in both habitats in winter, with populations in snowbeds increasing more during summer and decreasing more over winter. Birth rates were consistently higher in meadows and populations in meadows had a consistently higher finite rate of increase (λ, from life tables) than did those in snowbeds, for which λ was far below that needed for replacement. Patterns of immigration, population structure, and temporal variation in population size were as expected if meadows were functional sources and snowbeds functional sinks. Patterns of snowmelt differed between habitats, predicted the critical difference in birth rates between habitats, and are a likely primary cause of the differences in habitat-specific birth rates that we observed. This study provides a clear example of source-sink population structure for a mammal.
The detection and estimation of long memory in stochastic volatility

Abstract We propose a new time series representation of persistence in conditional variance called a long memory stochastic volatility (LMSV) model. The LMSV model is constructed by incorporating an ARFIMA process in a standard stochastic volatility scheme. Strongly consistent estimators of the parameters of the model are obtained by maximizing the spectral approximation to the Gaussian likelihood. The finite sample properties of the spectral likelihood estimator are analyzed by means of a Monte Carlo study. An empirical example with a long time series of stock prices demonstrates the superiority of the LMSV model over existing (short-memory) volatility models.
Splinter hemorrhages following arterial puncture

Splinter hemorrhages can be a feature of the antiphospholipid syndrome. We describe a patient in whom splinter hemorrhages developed following radial artery puncture. The implications of this finding in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome are discussed.
A mitochondrial protease with two catalytic subunits of nonoverlapping specificities

The mitochondrial inner membrane protease is required for the maturation of mitochondrial proteins that are delivered to the intermembrane space. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this protease is now shown to be a complex that contains two catalytic subunits, Imp2p and the previously identified Imp1p. Primary structure similarity indicates that Imp1p and Imp2p are related to each other and to the family of eubacterial and eukaryotic signal peptidases. Imp1p and Imp2p have separate, nonoverlapping substrate specificities. In addition to its catalyzing the cleavage of intermembrane space sorting signals, Imp2p is required for the stable and functional expression of Imp1p. Thus, inner membrane protease, and by analogy eukaryotic multisubunit signal peptidases, may have acquired multiple catalytic subunits by gene duplication to broaden their range of substrate specificity.
Pushdown acceptor forms

Abstract By analogy with the concept of interpretation of a grammar, the notion of interpretation of a pushdown acceptor is introduced for studying the pushdown-like devices structurally close to a given master pushdown acceptor. The main result established is that the family of languages accepted by those pushdown-like acceptors defined by interpretations of a fixed pushdown acceptor coincide with the family of languages generated by those grammars defined by interpretations of some grammar, and conversely.
Resolution enhancement of multichannel microwave imagery from the Nimbus-7 SMMR for maritime rainfall analysis

A restoration of the 37, 21, 18, 10.7, and 6.6 GHz satellite imagery from the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) aboard Nimbus-7 to 22.2 km resolution is attempted using a deconvolution method based upon nonlinear programming. The images are deconvolved with and without the aid of prescribed constraints, which force the processed image to abide by partial a priori knowledge of the high-resolution result. The restored microwave imagery may be utilized to examined the distribution of precipitating liquid water in marine rain systems.
Does FK506 (Tacrolimus) Induce Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? Comparing Echocardiographic Findings of Children on FK506 and Cyclosporine after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Does FK506 (Tacrolimus) Induce Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? Comparing Echocardiographic Findings of Children on FK506 and Cyclosporine after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation