cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prayerwheels up & down a Glorified 14th Street & Beyond

Pushing the wheelchair out of the elevator of their middle-income hotel in Rio. Past the commiserating eye-questions of the operator. Through the lobby, past more commiserating eye-questions of: 2 desk clerks 1 typist 4 uniformed teenaged doormen. Whom he had to ask to help him ease the chair down the one high entrance step. Had to ask again & again. Every time they went out, several times a day. & lobbying sight-seeing shopping fellow charter-flighters. Whose carnaval spirit he felt the wheelchair was dampening. Had dampened he felt ever since they'd watched him push it across the airfield toward their plane in New York. ? : Oh no. Not a wheelchair. We're flying to the carnaval. The carnaval. These boots were made for danc ing .. . & up the boarding ramp. With the help of 2 unnecessarily bright eyed stewardesses. Who had exposed unnecessarily bright ultra-bright teeth. Unnecessarily gaily tugging at the arms while he shoved from behind. & felt uncomfortable. & spied for a reaction on the face of the chair's occupant. Whom he had met only a couple of hours earlier. Half an hour after he'd reported to the New York airport for the job. For which he had applied because he was getting tired of living on the Lower East Side. In abeyance between the Law & the outlaws. Between cold water pipes & dreams. Waiting for the world-that-owed-him-a-living to come through & pay its debt. Because he had suddenly finally realized one shivery early-February morning that he was part of that world that owed him a living. The most in
Experimental Infection of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Hybrid Striped Bass, Morone chrysops ♂ × Morone saxatilis ♀, with Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Genotype IVb

The emergence of a new sublineage of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) within the Laurentian Great Lakes has caused concern for aquaculture in the United States. Because of the occurrence of VHSV in a new geographic location, new host species have been identified and the complete host range has not been determined. This study confirmed the high resistance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to VHSV type IVb infection. In addition, the experimental susceptibility of hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops ♂ × Morone saxatilis ♀, to VHSV type IVb infection was examined but determined to be highly dependent on age of fish and exposure temperature. No mortality was observed in adult fish infected via intraperitoneal (IP) injection at 15 C, whereas yearling fish infected via IP injection under the same conditions experienced 20.8% mortality. Among yearling fish infected via IP injection, mortality increased to 100% when exposure to VHSV occurred at 10 C. An LD50 for yearling hybrid striped bass exposed to VHSV at 10 C by IP injection was determined to be 1.4 × 104 pfu (SE = 2.1). Thus, at 10 C, yearling hybrid striped bass experience a high mortality when exposed to VHSV IVb by IP injection.
Assessing Measures of Fiscal Sustainability for Tajikistan

This paper provides an assessment of various measures of fiscal sustainability for the Republic of Tajikistan. It begins with an overview of recent estimates of the medium term macroeconomic situation, including various measures of government finance. Measures of fiscal stress indicate that Tajikistan will exceed at least two of the five World Bank fiscal sustainability thresholds over the period 2006-2016. The paper then provides rationales for concern for fiscal sustainability and reviews the International Monetary Fund (IMF) model of debt dynamics. It then discusses methods of simulating various alternative scenarios. Finally, the paper concludes with suggestions for examining the IMF model and its fiscal sustainability implications for the Tajik economy and potential policy responses.
Myocardial Infarction in the Setting of Anaphylaxis to Celecoxib: A Case of Kounis Syndrome

Abstract Background Acute coronary syndromes in the setting of an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction are known as Kounis syndrome. The syndrome involves release of inflammatory mediators after an allergen exposure that leads to coronary artery vasospasm or platelet activation. A variety of foods, drugs, and environmental exposures have been implicated in this condition. Case Report The case involves a 62-year-old woman with dyspnea, chest pain, and transient ST-segment elevation after ingesting celecoxib. Her symptoms resolved with treatment for a suspected allergic reaction. Although she did have mild elevation of serum cardiac biomarkers, subsequent cardiac catheterization demonstrated normal coronary arteries. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? This is the first reported case of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after allergy to celecoxib. Knowledge of Kounis syndrome will better prepare physicians in both its identification and clinical management.
The Grammar of Grammar

Wittgenstein’s conception of the proper nature of philosophical activity is highly problematic in both his early and later work. The purpose and limits he attributes to philosophy frequently appear to be inconsistent with the substantive results of his own practice of philosophizing. This is perhaps less so in the later thought, but there his restriction of the role of philosophy to the therapeutic dismantling of confusion nevertheless seems at odds with the wonderfully rich and revealing descriptions of grammar he provides.
The expansion of the visual: Reflections on sixteenth century illuminated Yiddish books

In her book on the medieval paradigms of memory, Mary Carruthers emphasized that in medieval culture the visual functioned as the tex tual. Artistic images referred to texts, made sense solely within the textual tradition, and apparently did not live a life of their own. Me dieval signs were first and foremost iconographie destined to be read and remembered, appealing to, and guided by, memory.1 What hap pened in early modernity was exactly the opposite: words started to function as visual signs that appeal to the imagination. Words were to be watched, however, more than read. Watching pushed aside reading, and the visual gained an upper hand over the auditory. Turned into ornaments, letters acquired independence and value similar to other visual signs. In order to recognize, recollect, and identify, one used visual imagination more often than verbal memorization. More and more often, recognition and identification required viewing and seeing. Shakespeare rarely imposed his imperative mood on his spectator; when he did so, he emphasized the visual, repeating together with his King Lear: "Look there! Look there!" Diane Wolfthal's new book contextualizes sixteenth-century Jewish culture against the backdrop of the early modern expansion of the visual. It further elaborates Wolfthal fruitful approach to art seen as a source, among other things, of cultural history.2 What did Ashke nazic Jews in Northern Italy who visualized their perceptions in book illustrations think about contemporary Jewish society? What did their
Chapter 13 Physical-chemical properties of bile acids and their salts

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physical–chemical properties of bile acids and their salts. It covers only those aspects of the physical chemistry of bile acids and their salts that have progressed substantially during the intervening years. The common bile acids and salts possess a characteristic molecular structure shown schematically in the chapter. A compilation of critical physical constants for the common bile acids and their salts is given in the chapter. Crystal and molecular structures of three bile salt hydrates have been solved. The crystallographic data show that all are monoclinic with two molecules in each unit cell. Whereas the anions are held together mainly by ion–ion and ion–dipole interactions between the counterions and the carboxylate and hydroxyl groups to which water molecules contribute, the crystal packing patterns are remarkably similar. On the basis of surface and bulk interaction with water, bile acids are classified as insoluble amphiphiles and bile salts as soluble amphiphiles.
The Bahia Seamounts: test of a hotspot model and a preliminary South American Late Cretaceous to Tertiary Apparent Polar Wander Path

Abstract Detailed bathymetric and magnetic data collected over the Bahia Seamounts in the western South Atlantic (Brazil Basin) are analyzed. Six paleomagnetic poles are determined, one from three seamounts sharing a ridge, and five from isolated seamounts. Two poles fall near a continental Late Cretaceous South American pole and are assumed to be of Late Cretaceous age. Another seamount has a preliminary 40 Ar 39 Ar age of 62 ± 4 Ma. We check this age and estimate the ages of other seamounts by rotating their poles into North American coordinates and comparing them with North American paleomagnetic reference poles. These ages and the characteristic magnetic polarities of all Bahia Seamounts are used to test hotspot models of formation of the seamount group. The northern and central Bahia Seamount chains could have formed from a single hotspot. The southern Bahia chain may require a second hotspot. The two postulated hotspots were probably concurrent and separated by 150 to 200 km. The paleomagnetic poles trace out a smooth curve from the Late Cretaceous poles to a pole that is indistinguishable from the spin axis, which we estimate as having an Early Eocene age. The pole ages remain preliminary until better age dates are found and rocks are recovered from more seamounts.
Thyroid hormones and renin secretion

Circulating angiotensin is produced by the action of renin from the kidneys on circulating angiotensinogen. There are other renin-angiotensin systems in various organs in the body, and recent observations raise the intriguing possibility that angiotensin II is produced by a totally intracellular pathway in the juxtaglomerular cells, the gonadotrops of the anterior pituitary, neurons, in the brain, salivary duct cells, and neuroblastoma cells. Circulating angiotensin II levels depend in large part on the plasma concentration of angiotensinogen, which is hormonally regulated, and on the rate of renin secretion. Renin secretion is regulated by an intrarenal baroreceptor mechanism, a macula densa mechanism, angiotensin II, vasopressin, and the sympathetic nervous system. The increase in renin secretion produced by sympathetic discharge is mediated for the most part by beta-adrenergic receptors, which are probably located on the juxtaglomerular cells. Hyperthyroidism would be expected to be associated with increased renin secretion in view of the increased beta-adrenergic activity in this condition, and hypothyroidism would be associated with decreased plasma renin activity due to decreased beta-adrenergic activity. Our recent research on serotonin-mediated increases in renin secretion that depend on the integrity of the dorsal raphe nucleus and the mediobasal hypothalamus has led us to investigate the effect of the pituitary on the renin response to p-chloroamphetamine. The response is potentiated immediately after hypophysectomy, but 22 days after the operation, it is abolished. This slowly developing decrease in responsiveness may be due to decreased thyroid function.
Magnetoelastic effects in dilute magnetic alloys

Abstract Ultrasonic studies of Cu Mn, Au Mn and Au Fe alloys where the concentrations of the transition metal ranges between 1 and 10% show that the longitudinal sound velocity has a marked field dependence at temperatures below the peak in the magnetic susceptibility and a negligible field dependence above it. This suggests that there may be an ordered magnetic state in these alloys.
News and developments in behavioral medicine

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute supports a variety of research programs related to smoking as a risk factor in cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. These programs include epidemiologic and toxicological studies, as well as research on educational and health behavior interventions. The objective of this program announcement is to encourage research activities which will clarify the influence of psychosocial stressors on smoking, smoking cessation, and the maintenance of cessation. It has been hypothesized that cigarette smoking may function as a stress-reducing or coping behavior for certain individuals. These individuals apparently increase their smoking behavior in stressful circumstances; if they have stopped smoking, there is a tendency toward relapse in such circumstances. The data in support of this hypothesis have been derived from several sources, but lack sufficient integration to provide a comprehensive and definitive statement concerning the nature of the stress--smoking interaction. Further research is needed to clarify this issue and to provide practical direction for smoking cessation programs. Examples of relevant questions include: (1) Can the extent to which an individual relies on smoking to cope with environmental and social stressors be used as a predictor for the most appropriate cessation approach? (2) Can appropriate strategies be developed for training smokers in the use of alternative coping behaviors as a means of enhancing smoking cessation and cessation maintenance (e.g., stress management training)?
Minnows First, Then Trout

Abstract In the past two decades there has been a dramatic change in the practice of classifying organisms based on a rigorous, new methodology called cladistics, which defines relationships based on the distribution of shared derived characters. This approach, coupled with new information, has led to changes in our concepts of the relationships of major fish groups. These changes should be reflected in newer classifications and lists. For many purposes it is desirable to list related taxa together so that it is easy to make comparisons among them. The order in which taxa are listed is important as an indication of relatedness. Some variations in arrangement are equivalent and interchangeable; others imply relationships that are contrary to available evidence and must be rejected.
Analysis of energy use in building services of the industrial sector in California: Two case studies

Abstract In this paper, we address the energy use in the building services of the industrial sector by closely examining and analyzing energy use in two industrial facilities in California. Based on the information obtained for the selected case studies, we discuss the design consideration for these industrial buildings, characterize their energy use, and review their conservation and peak-demand reduction potentials. The study concludes that the lighting and the HVAC energy-use characteristics of high-tech industries (as represented by our case-study buildings) and their conservation potentials are very much comparable to those of office buildings. Simulating the impact of conservation measures commonly recommended for office buildings, we estimate that more than 50% of electricity and gas use for the building services in the two case-study facilities can be cost-effectively saved.
Anatomy and physiology of the cornea

The importance of the cornea to the ocular structure and visual system is often overlooked because of the cornea's unassuming transparent nature. The cornea lacks the neurobiological sophistication of the retina and the dynamic movement of the lens; yet, without its clarity, the eye would not be able to perform its necessary functions. The complexity of structure and function necessary to maintain such elegant simplicity is the wonder that draws us to one of the most important components of our visual system.
Prevention of Recurrent Radioulnar Heterotopic Ossification by Combined Indomethacin and a Dermal/Silicone Sheet Implant: Case Report

A 27-year-old, right-handed man developed severe radioulnar synostosis at the distal radius 7 months after open reduction and internal fixation of his distal radius fracture. Heterotopic ossification formed at the radius fracture site, requiring excision of the heterotopic bone and plate removal. A bilayer, dermal substitute and silicone sheet was placed between the radius and ulna in the interosseous space to prevent recurrence of the heterotopic ossification. After surgery, the patient was treated with indomethacin 25 mg orally 3 times daily for 6 weeks. At 1 year after surgery, he has retained full pronation and near normal supination. Radiographs demonstrate no new heterotopic bone formation.
Oospore germination of Aphanomyces euteiches in root exudates and on the rhizoplanes of crop plants

A technique was developed that allows prolific production, easy collection, and increased germination frequency of single oospores of Aphanomyces euteiches. The influence of root exudates and roots of various plant species, including pea, bean, alfalfa, oat, soybean, corn, and tomato, on germination of A. euteiches oospores also was studied. Compared with a sterile, deionized water control, root exudates from several hosts were only slightly effective in stimulating oospore germination, since only 0 to 11.1% of oospores exposed to various exudates germinated. By contrast, oospores placed directly on plant roots germinated at higher frequencies. Oospores of pea pathotype isolates P30 and P46 germinated at a greater frequency (30.6 to 61.1%) on pea, bean, and oat roots than on roots of any of the other plant species tested. Oospores of bean pathotype isolates GB33 and GB71 had a higher germination frequency (47.2 to 52.8%) on bean roots than on the roots of the other plant species tested. A higher percentage of oospores germinated if placed on lateral roots as opposed to taproots of pea and bean. A higher percentage of oospores of bean pathotype isolates and one pea pathotype isolate germinated on 10-day-old rather than on 20-day-old roots of bean. Therefore, pea and bean roots can be used effectively to germinate oospores of pea and bean isolates of A. euteiches, respectively. This technique will be valuable for studies of sexual reproduction and genetics of A. euteiches.
Face detection and verification using genetic search

We consider the problem of searching for the face of a particular individual in a two-dimensional intensity image. This problem has many potential applications such as locating a person in a crowd using images obtained by surveillance cameras. There are two steps in solving this problem: first, face regions must be extracted from the image(s) (face detection) and second, candidate faces must be compared against a face of interest (face verification). Without any a-priori knowledge about the location and size of a face in an image, every possible image location and face size should be considered, leading to a very large search space. In this paper, we propose using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for searching the image efficiently. Specifically, we use GAs to find image sub-windows that contain faces and in particular, the face of interest. Each sub-window is evaluated using a fitness function containing two terms: the first term favors sub-windows containing faces while the second term favors sub-windows containing faces similar to the face of interest. Both terms have been derived using the theory of eigenspaces. A set of increasingly complex scenes demonstrate the performance of the proposed genetic-search approach.
Multiscale Simulations of Li Ion Conductivity in Solid Electrolyte

Optimizing solid electrolyte design for its application in Li ion and Li metal batteries requires a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of ion and electron transport in the material at the nano- to micrometer scales. We have performed simulations of Li+ and electron conductivity in lithium phosphorus oxynitride, one of the most widely used solid electrolytes, using novel hierarchical multiscale models. By comparing the results of one- and three-dimensional models, we show that for this material with complex nonlinear Li+ diffusion pathways, three-dimensional description is essential for reproducing experimentally measured conductivity. We also suggest some basic principles to design optimum electrolyte tailored for low- and high-temperature regimes.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Scholarisine A

An effective total synthesis and assignment of the absolute configuration of the architecturally challenging compound (+)-scholarisine A has been achieved via a 20-step sequence. Highlights include a reductive cyclization involving a nitrile and an epoxide, a modified Fischer indole protocol, a late-stage oxidative lactonization, and an intramolecular cyclization leading to the indolenine ring system of (+)-scholarisine A.
Doctors Have Feelings Too

The medical encounter, like all human interaction, is unavoidably emotion laden. Rather than viewing them as something to be overcome, the emotional responses of the physician can be analyzed for information about the patient or about the physician. The emotional states of patients arouse complementary reactions in the clinician that are diagnostic clues to important clinical syndromes such as depression or character disorders. Conversely, the physician can have idiosyncratic responses to patients that can lead to inappropriate diagnostic and therapeutic choices or to avoidance of particular problems or patients. Self-awareness is the key to utilizing these reactions to improve the patient-physician relationship. ( JAMA 1988;259:3296-3298)
Salvage chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide for recurrent, temozolomide-refractory glioblastoma multiforme

BACKGROUND The primary objective of the current prospective Phase II study of cyclophosphamide (CYC) in adult patients with recurrent, temozolomide-refractory glioblastoma multiforme was to evaluate 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS Forty patients (28 men and 12 women) ages 28–67 years (median age, 51.5 years), with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme were treated. All patients had been treated previously with surgery and involved-field radiotherapy (median dose, 60 grays [Gy]; range, 59–61 Gy). In addition, all patients were treated adjuvantly with either nitrosourea-based chemotherapy (21 patients: procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in 13 patients; carmustine in 8 patients) or temozolomide (19 patients). Twenty-one patients who were treated previously with a nitrosourea were treated with temozolomide at the time of first recurrence. Twenty-one patients were treated with CYC at the time of second recurrence, and 19 patients were treated with CYC at the time of first recurrence. CYC was administered intravenously on 2 consecutive days (750 mg/m2 per day) every 4 weeks (operationally defined as a single cycle). Neurologic and neuroradiographic evaluations were performed every 8 weeks. RESULTS All patients were evaluable. In total, 170 cycles of CYC (median, 2 cycles; range, 2–12 cycles) were administered. CYC-related toxicity included alopecia in all patients (100%), anemia in 6 patients (3.5%), thrombocytopenia in 7 patients (4.1%), and neutropenia in 9 patients (5.3%). Four patients required transfusions (two required red blood cell transfusion, and two required platelet transfusion). One patient developed neutropenic fever without bacteriologic confirmation. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Seven patients (17.5%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8–33%) exhibited a neuroradiographic partial response, 11 patients (27.5%; 95% CI, 15–44%) had stable disease, and 22 patients (55%) had progressive disease after a single cycle of CYC. The time to tumor progression ranged from 2 months to 18 months (median, 2 months). Survival ranged from 3 months to 24 months (median, 4 months). In patients with either a neuroradiographic response or stable disease (n = 18 [45%]), the median time to tumor progression was 6 months (range, 4–18 months; 95% CI, 6–8 months), and the median survival was 10 months (range, 5–24 months; 95% CI, 8–10 months). The 6-month PFS rate was 20%. CONCLUSIONS CYC exhibited modest efficacy with acceptable toxicity in the current cohort of adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme, all of whom had previously experienced treatment failure after temozolomide chemotherapy. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Patterns of first-recurrence and post-recurrence survival in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma after sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become well accepted in management of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. An understanding of the pattern of recurrence after SLNB is helpful in coordinating a rational plan of follow-up in these patients. We sought to determine the site and timing of initial recurrence and post-recurrence survival after SLNB. Stage I/II melanoma patients who underwent SLNB during 1991–2004 were identified from a prospective single-institution database. Site and date of first recurrence after SLNB were recorded. Patterns of recurrence after SLNB and post-recurrence survival were analyzed. One thousand and forty-six patients underwent SLNB. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) was positive in 164 patients (16%). Median follow-up was 36 months for survivors. Median and 3-year relapse-free survival for SLN-positive patients were 41 months and 56%, and for SLN-negative patients were not reached and 87%, respectively (P < .0001). Of the SLN-positive patients, 47% experienced recurrence, compared with 14% SLN-negative patients. The pattern of recurrence stratified by SLN status was similar between the two groups (P = NS). After recurrence, the site of recurrence was the only significant prognostic factor influencing survival (P < .0001). Although SLN-positive patients experience recurrence far earlier and more frequently than SLN-negative patients, the pattern of recurrence is similar. After recurrence, its site is the primary determinant of survival.
Aberrant local renin–angiotensin II responses in the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Abstract Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the biliary tract characterized by diffuse biliary tract stricture formation, progressive chronic cholestasis and the development of secondary biliary cirrhosis. Biliary tract ischemia can produce morphological changes identical to PSC. We propose the existence of a localized renin–angiotensin system within the liver and extend the hypothesis that aberrant production of angiotensin II within the portal tract is the critical event contributing to the pathogenesis of PSC. A chronic reparative and proliferative state caused by chronic ischemia may promote carcinogenesis. Proof of this hypothesis will have implications for future therapeutic approaches given that current treatments for PSC aimed at reducing inflammation or the effects of cholestasis have proven ineffective.
Is Ethanol a Testicular Toxin

AbstractRecently considerable evidence has accumulated to suggest that ethanol is a direct testicular toxin [1-7]. Thus Badr and Bartke have demonstrated that alcohol administration is associated with a dose-dependent decline in plasma testosterone in mice [1]. More recently, Van Thiel and his collaborators have demonstrated that chronic alcohol administration to weanling as well as sexually mature adult animals is associated with the development of testicular atrophy with associated reduction in plasma testosterone concentrations and presumed reproductive failure manifested by gross germinal injury in such animals [2, 3]. Despite these elegant studies the question remains, is alcohol a direct testicular toxin or is the gonadal injury observed in alcohol-ingesting man and animals a consequence of associated malnutrition, liver disease, or alcohol-induced hypothalam-ic-pituitary injury [5-7]. To answer this question we have examined the effect of ethanol on the production and secretion of testosterone by t...
Portfolios as a Means for Promoting Continuity in Leadership Development

A major challenge facing leadership development programs is the discontinuity between their short-term nature and their long-term goals. This article describes a programmatic response to this problem: leadership portfolios. Developed for use in the Tri District Collaborative, a coalition of three high schools in Oakland County Michigan, the portfolio system enhances students' leadership abilities by extending the learning begun in the Tri District's year-long Student Leadership Academy. Although experience with the use of portfolios in leadership development remains in its early stages, they appear to hold considerable promise as a strategy for extending, enriching, and deepening a wide variety of leadership programs.
Voluntary and involuntary childlessness among Catholic and non-Catholic women: are the patterns converging?

Abstract Data from 1976 and 1982 show Catholics less likely than non‐Catholics to be voluntarily childless and more likely to be involuntarily childless. Declining differences in fertility and contraception are discussed.
Idiopathic Spontaneous Hemopneumothorax: An Evaluation of Its Treatment and Report of Three Cases

Idiopathic spontaneous hemopneumothorax is presented as a medical emergency with serious potentialities, which is somewhat more common than the infrequency of reported cases would seem to indicate. The principles of treatment have been presented, both during the early period when life is endangered from the combination of massive hemorrhage and tension pneumothorax, and during the late stage when reexpansion of the lung is the primary problem. The importance of active treatment with aspirations, transfusions, oxygen and sedation, with Judicious use of thoracic surgery is stressed. Three cases illustrating important applications of these treatment principles are described in detail.
A general solution for the latent class model of latent structure analysis.

For the point distribution model of Lazarsfeld's latent structure analysis, the general matrix equation is stated which relates the manifest data in the form of joint occurrence matrices to the latent parameters. The relationship of the item responses and these joint occurrence matrices is also indicated in matrix form. A general solution for the latent parameters is then presented, which is based on the notion of factoring two joint occurrence matrices. The solution is valid under certain conditions which will usually be fulfilled. The solution assumes that estimates are available for the elements in the joint occurrence matrices with recurring subscripts, analogous to item communality or reliability. Some alternative methods of obtaining these estimates are discussed. Finally a fictitious 3-class, 8-item example is presented in detail.
Pseudo-well And Synthetic Seismic Data Generation

The ultimate goal of this effort is to quantify lithology, fluid, and porosity from seismic data. We construct realistic geologic models through a basin-modeling approach. Then we generate synthetic seismic responses from those geologic models and compare them to the real seismic responses. The assumption is that a similarity in the seismic response indicates a similarity in the underlying rock properties. The starting point for synthetic seismic data generation is rock physics analysis and geologic interpretation of well data. Then a geological model of the subsurface is constructed with geobodies and expected depositional and diagenetic patterns outlined. Next, geobodies are populated with clay content and the corresponding porosity and hydrocarbon saturation at the well log scale. These rock properties are translated into the Pand S-wave velocity and bulk density by using the rock physics model from the first step. Then synthetic seismograms are produced from the elastic properties. We illustrate this methodology using well data from a fluvial environment. In the example, synthetic seismic appears to be sensitive to lithology, fluid, and porosity. This result indicates that this reservoir information can be extracted from real seismic.
Mitochondria in cancer: At the crossroads of life and death

Mitochondrial processes play an important role in tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we focus on three critical processes by which mitochondrial function may contribute to cancer: through alterations in glucose metabolism, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and compromise of intrinsic apoptotic function. Alterations in cancer glucose metabolism include the Warburg effect, leading to a shift in metabolism away from aerobic respiration toward glycolysis, even when sufficient oxygen is present to support respiration. Such alterations in cellular metabolism may favor tumor cell growth by increasing the availability of biosynthetic intermediates needed for cellular growth and proliferation. Mutations in specific metabolic enzymes, namely succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase and the isocitrate dehydrogenases, have been linked to human cancer. Mitochondrial ROS may contribute to cancer via DNA damage and the activation of aberrant signaling pathways. ROS-dependent stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) may be a particularly important event for tumorigenesis. Compromised function of intrinsic apoptosis removes an important cellular safeguard against cancer and has been implicated in tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, and chemoresistance. Each of the major mitochondrial processes is linked. In this review, we outline the connections between them and address ways these mitochondrial pathways may be targeted for cancer therapy.
Frequency and Extent of Calcific Deposits in Purely Regurgitant Mitral Valves: Analysis of 108 Operatively Excised Valves

Abstract Operatively excised purely regurgitant mitral valves in 108 patients aged 21 to 73 years (mean 55) (63% men) undergoing isolated mitral valve replacement were examined for calcific deposits. Of the 108 patients, 19 (18%) had leaflet or chordal calcific deposits or both, but in each the deposits were small and did not appear to alter mitral function. Of the 19 patients with mitral calcium, 6 had had active infective endocarditis and the calcium likely represented healed vegetations; In 6 other patients, the leaflet calcium had extended from the mitral anulus in the setting of mitral valve prolapse. The average total serum cholesterol levels were higher in the patients with compared with those without mitral calcium. Thus, calcium deposits are relatively infrequent in adults with clinically isolated pure mitral regurgitation, and when they occur, the deposits are small and in themselves do not appear to contribute to mitral dysfunction.
Microstructure design of a two phase composite using two-point correlation functions

Two-point distribution functions are used here as to introduce “Microstructure Sensitive Design” in two-phase composites. Statistical distribution functions are commonly used for the representation of microstructures and also for homogenization of materials properties. The use of two-point statistics allows the composite designer to include the morphology and distribution in addition to the properties of the individual phases and components. Statistical continuum mechanics is used to make a direct link between the microstructure and properties (elastic and plastic) in terms of these two-point statistical functions. An empirical form of the two-point statistical function is used which allows the construction of a composite hull. Two different composites (isotropic and anisotropic) are considered and the effect of anisotropy for the prediction of the elastic properties is discussed
Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of Nuclei Released from Single Cells

We report here the first capillary electrophoresis analysis of intact nuclei released on-column from single cells. Expression of the nuclear-targeted protein nuDsRed2 and the plasma membrane-bound farnesylated enhanced green fluorescent protein in cultured human ΔH2-1 cells allowed fluorescent monitoring of the fate of these subcellular compartments upon injection of a single cell into the separation capillary. On-column treatment with digitonin allowed for the separation of the plasma membrane from the nucleus as indicated by their selective laser-induced fluorescence detection in two separate spectral regions. The data suggest that less than 0.1% of the plasma membrane remains bound to individually detected nuclei. In digitonin-treated cells, the electropherograms consisted of a prominent fluorescent peak attributed to nuDsRed2 localized to the nucleus and a collection of weakly fluorescent events (barely distinguishable from scattering) that seem to indicate additional localization of this protein to o...
New Plant Venture Performance Differences Among Incumbent, Diversifying, and Entrepreneurial Firms: The Impact of Industry Learning Intensity

Prior firm experience, firm capabilities, and the industry environment are known to be important determinants of new-venture performance. We hypothesize that firm experience prior to setting up a new venture influences the ability to learn from experience after start-up (which is a key capability), and that this relationship is moderated by the importance of learning by doing within the new venture's industry (which is a critical aspect of the industry environment). We argue that together, these relationships influence performance differences among new plant ventures of incumbents, diversifying entrants, and entrepreneurial (de novo) entrants. Using data on 47,915 new plant ventures in U.S. manufacturing, we find that incumbents and diversifying entrants establish significantly more productive new plants than de novo entrants, and that this advantage significantly increases with the importance of learning by doing in an industry (industry learning intensity). These productivity differences appear to be driven more by learning subsequent to plant start-up than by initial disparities in productivity. Together, these findings strongly suggest that pre-start-up experience adds to the process of post-start-up learning, and that the industry learning environment plays an important role in whether entrepreneurial firms can achieve a competitive advantage over existing firms. This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship.
Biogenesis of Ethylene in Penicillium digitatum

A NUMBER of compounds were compared to glucose as substrates for the biogenesis of ethylene in Penicillium digitatum. Several compounds of low molecular weight gave a greater production of ethylene by the organism than did an equimolar amount of glucose. D,L-Serine, L-serine and glycine proved to be better substrates for this purpose, with D,L-serine being the best.
FcεRI Signal Propagation is Regulated through Transient Binding of Syk

The high affinity IgE receptor, FceRI, serves as the primary immunoreceptor on mast cells and basophils.Crosslinking of IgE-bound FceRI via multivalent antigen initiates Src family kinase mediated phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), recruitment of the kinase Syk, and propagation of signaling through the scaffolding protein Linker for Activation of T-cells (LAT). While the sequence of these signaling events has been well studied using biochemical techniques, the biophysical mechanisms that regulate FceRI signaling are unclear because protein activation and dynamic protein-protein interactions are difficult to quantify on living cells. Using two-color single molecule imaging in live cells, we quantify how FceRI aggregation influences SYK recruitment and LAT mobility.We imaged the basal surface of RBL-2H3 cells expressing GFP-Syk using TIRF microscopy and upon crosslinking of FceRI observed an increase in the membrane localization of GFP-Syk. The formation of GFP-Syk clusters directly co-localized with crosslinked FceRI and the intensity of these clusters increased linearly with FceRI aggregate size. Interestingly, while ensemble measurements showed that FceRI and GFP-Syk were co-localized over minutes, single molecule imaging revealed that GFP-Syk clusters are in fact maintained through a continuous exchange of transiently bound GFP-Syk. We quantify the residency time of individual GFP-Syk molecules at FceRI aggregates and explore the relationship between FceRI aggregate size and Syk residency time. The observed transient GFP-Syk binding supports the hypothesis that phosphorylated SYK moves from FceRI clusters to bind and activate LAT. To explore this mechanism further, we quantify the influence of FceRI crosslinking on the spatiotemporal distribution of LAT. We have generated a Fluorogen Activating Protein (FAP) -tagged LAT construct and take advantage of the far-red emission of the FAP probe to simultaneously track FAP-LAT mobility with respect to FceRI/SYK patches.
The pattern of nitrogen excretion during fasting of two fresh-water oligochaetes

Abstract 1. 1. Two species of fresh-water oligochaetes were analyzed for their nitrogen excretory pattern during fasting. 2. 2. Lumbricus rubellus exhibited a transition to ureotelism with fasting but still maintained a high level of ammonia output. 3. 3. Eisenoides lonnbergi remained ammonotelic for the length of the experiment with little or no urea voided. 4. 4. The data are compared with the terrestrial oligochaetes L. terrestris and Eisenia foetida .
Investments to Transfer Poultry Production to Developing Countries

After an introductory overview, investment options for modern broiler production and processing in developing countries are outlined. A brief history of the spread of broiler production shows the transferability of the underlying technology. The paper concludes with data about the increasing dependency of many developing countries on imported feedstuffs to supply their expanding livestock industries.
Treatment of Migraine With Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

The effect of exposure to pulsing electromagnetic fields on migraine activity was evaluated by having 42 subjects (34 women and 8 men), who met the International Headache Society's criteria for migraine, participate in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Each subject kept a 1-month, pretreatment, baseline log of headache activity prior to being randomized to having either actual or placebo pulsing electromagnetic fields applied to their inner thighs for 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. After exposure, all subjects kept the log for at least 1 follow-up month. During the first month of follow-up, 73% of those receiving actual exposure reported decreased headaches (45% good decrease, 14% excellent decrease) compared to half of those receiving the placebo (15% worse, 20% good, 0% excellent). Ten of the 22 subjects who had actual exposure received 2 additional weeks of actual exposure after their initial 1-month follow-up. All showed decreased headache activity (50% good, 38% excellent). Thirteen subjects from the actual exposure group elected not to receive additional exposure. Twelve of them showed decreased headache activity by the second month (29% good, 43% excellent). Eight of the subjects in the placebo group elected to receive 2 weeks of actual exposure after the initial 1-month follow-up with 75% showing decreased headache activity (38% good, 38% excellent). In conclusion, exposure of the inner thighs to pulsing electromagnetic fields for at least 3 weeks is an effective, short-term intervention for migraine, but not tension headaches.
A field study of the fallibility of polygraphic lie detection

With the increasing use of polygraphic lie detection in the United States and United Kingdom it has become a matter of urgency to assess the accuracy and reliability of the technique. The main purpose of the present report, therefore, is to extend our earlier mock theft lie detection study1 from the laboratory to the field. Again, as in the previous study, our findings show high false-positive and false-negative rates among polygraph interpreters. These data, with their unacceptably high error rates, agree with the conclusions reached in a recent US Congress Office of Technology Assessment report2 which reviewed the scientific validity of the polygraph. Hence, we conclude that the validity and reliability of polygraphic interrogation has yet to be established.
Using a virtual lab to teach an online information assurance program

In this paper, we describe the development and implementation of a virtual computer lab for teaching online information assurance classes. This provides an opportunity for students to do hands-on security assignments. Different approaches to providing students with hands-on security assignments are briefly discussed and examples of several assignments are outlined.
Charge transfer mechanism in Cu-doped silicon clusters: a density functional study

Abstract The geometric and bonding properties of Si n Cu ( n =4, 6) clusters were studied using the ab initio and density functional methods. Three isomers for Si 4 Cu and two isomers for Si 6 Cu were found. The structure of the most stable isomer for Si n Cu keeps the framework of corresponding Si n cluster nearly unchanged. Charge transfer in Si n Cu was examined to proceed from Cu to Si atoms. Population analysis indicates that the 3d shell of Cu atom is only slightly disturbed in Si n Cu and that Cu behaves like an alkali metal atom. The bonding nature in Si n Cu was analyzed by correlating the HOMO of Si n Cu to the LUMO of corresponding Si n cluster, and a dominant s–p or p–p bonding as well as a weak d–p bonding was found for the Cu–Si interaction in Si n Cu. This bonding nature is quite different from the interaction of 3d metals on silicon surfaces or 3d impurities in bulk silicon, where the bonding involving Si 3p and M 3d overlap is dominant. Remarkable similarity is found both in the geometry and in the bonding nature between the corresponding isomers of Si n Cu and Si n Na, confirming the alkali-metal-like behavior of Cu in Si n Cu.
Polyarteritis nodosa presenting as acute blindness

Polyarteritis nodosa is a vasculitic disease commonly involving coronary arteries, mesenteric arteries, kidneys, muscles, and vasa nervorum. Central nervous system involvement in polyarteritis nodosa is unusual and tends to occur later in the course of disease. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who presented to our emergency department with acute loss of vision. Her evaluation led to a diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. We present what may be the first published case report of polyarteritis nodosa presenting as acute bilateral visual loss.
On the use of generalized linear models following a sequential design

We provide conditions for the asymptotic normality of regression parameters from a generalized linear model, following a sequential design. Applications include sequential designs based on a generalized Friedman's urn for randomized clinical trials and a quadratic regression model.
In vitro performance of installed internal fixation plates in compression.

This paper deals with the performance of current designs of bone fixation plates, mountedon the anterior surface of fractued equine third metacarpale and tested in uniaxial compression. A full factorial experimental design on three variables, plate length, plate width, and fasterner size provided 27 different variations of the basic design. No replicate ests were conducted. All loads were normalized on mid-shaft done gemetry and compared to he ultimate compressive strength that could be expected of a similar bone of the same age. No capacities above 33% of the strength of an unfractured bone were observed.
Effects of the benthic suspension feeder Dreissena polymorpha on zooplankton in a large river

1. We conducted a series of in situ enclosure experiments to assess the impact of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on the plankton of the Ohio River. Adult mussels were suspended in pelagic enclosures ('potamocorrals') at three densities (0, 1000, 2500 mussels per corral) and incubated for 6 days with daily plankton and physiochemical sampling. 2. The presence of adult zebra mussels was correlated with a shift in composition of the phytoplankton community and a severe reduction in some rotifers. The effects of zebra mussels on the larger zooplankton were taxon-dependent, but bacterial density showed no trend among treatments. 3. Zebra mussels may have significant negative impacts on zooplankton, which may in turn alter riverine food webs.