cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution of and physiologic factors that affect 131I-antiferritin tumor localization in experimental hepatoma

Polyclonal 131I rabbit anti-rat ferritin localizes in the H-4-II-E hepatoma model. The effect of tumor size, vascularity, and ferritin content on tumor localization was examined. The extravascular and intravascular quantity and location of 131I non-specific IgG and 131I-antiferritin IgG in tumors were determined by gamma counter analysis of tissue samples and autoradiography. Separate groups of 8-10 tumor bearing rats with 0.6-1 g, 1-3 g, 4-8 g, 8-14 g, and greater than 14 g tumors were injected with 500 microCi (200 micrograms) of 131I non-specific IgG or 131I-antiferritin. Tumor targeting with antiferritin occurred maximally in primary or metastatic lesions less than 1 g in size. Decreased localization occurred with increasing tumor size and no localization took place in tumors greater than 8 g in size. This finding is independent of administered dose because increasing the amount of injected antiferritin from 2- to 10-fold did not increase the antiferritin/normal IgG targeting ratio in any group of tumors greater than 4 g. The quantity and physical characteristics of the tumor vasculature may in part explain selective tumor localization. Tumor vascularity per gram as measured by 51Cr labeled erythrocytes decreased as tumor size increased. Decreased localization was evident in the necrotic portions of large tumors. Autoradiography of tumor sections revealed that most of the 125I-IgG activity is deposited perivascularly with decreased deposition of antibody in necrotic areas of tumors and at increasing distance from the lumen of vessels. These findings have clinical importance since this non-homogeneous distribution of antibody could result in the delivery of low doses of radiation to large necrotic areas of tumors. These results help to demonstrate some of the complex physiologic factors that affect tumor localization and antibody distribution.
Asenapine review, part II: clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability

Introduction: Asenapine is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic currently marketed for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar mania/mixed episodes. Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical profile of asenapine. Expert opinion: Asenapine's efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenia and in the acute management of bipolar manic or mixed episodes, within the recommended therapeutic dose range of 5 – 10 mg twice a day, is evidenced by a broad clinical development program. Asenapine's overall tolerability profile is notable for the potential for sedation (time-limited) and, to a lesser extent, extrapyramidal symptoms/akathisia, dizziness, and oral hypoesthesia. Asenapine's effects on weight and metabolic variables appear modest, as are its effects on the ECG QTc interval and on prolactin.
On a controversial method for modeling a coregionalization

This paper reviews two alternative approaches for modeling the (cross) variograms in a coregionalization: (1) fitting the traditional linear model of coregionalization. or (2) deducing the crossvariogram model as a linear combination of prior direct (auto) variogram models while checking the Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities. We show that the second approach has no practical advantage over the traditional one and may not be valid if more than two variables are involved. In such case. Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities are necessary but not sufficient conditions for validity of a coregionalization model.
Time-of-flight energy compensation to improve energy resolution in low-energy radioactive beam experiments at the TwinSol facility

Abstract Improved time-of-flight (ToF) capability has been added to the University of Michigan (UM)–University of Notre Dame (UND) TwinSol low-energy dual 6T solenoid-based radioactive nuclear-beam (RNB) facility at the UND FN tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. An extended low-background beam line has been combined with a newly-constructed ca.1 meter diameter ISO-250 based scattering chamber capable of sub-ns ToF of RNBs. These together with the intrinsic, low ToF spread in the TwinSol ion-optical system yields improved ToF information for low-energy RNB nuclear reaction studies. Using either the intrinsic accelerator bunched and pulsed-selected beams with RF timing, or with the addition of an MCP+foil timing system (or similar) detector at the dual-solenoid cross-over region allows for reduction of the energy spread inherent in these low-energy RNB reactions. As an example, using the ToF information reduces the FWHM energy spread in a high-intensity 28 MeV 8Li beam from about 1 MeV to
Logarithmic spurious regressions

Spurious regressions, i.e. regressions in which an integrated process is regressed on another integrated process while there is no cointegration, are well understood in contemporary time series econometrics. In this paper, I investigate the properties of regressions in which the logarithm of an integrated process is regressed on the logarithm of another integrated process. It is shown that, exactly as in spurious regressions, in this setup too, the estimated slope coecient is asymptotically random and the t-value for the slope coecient is of a stochastic order equal to the square root of sample size. Therefore, spurious regressions results can alternatively be explained as an artifact of regressing the logarithm of an integrated process on the logarithm of another integrated process.
Coupled Algebraic Multigrid for Free Surface Flow Simulations

An accurate, efficient algorithm for solving free surface flows with ANSYS CFX is described. Accuracy is achieved using a compressive advection discretization which maintains a sharp free surface interface representation without relying on a small timestep. Efficiency is obtained using a solution algorithm which implicitly couples velocity, pressure, and volume fractions in the same matrix, and solves these equations using algebraic multigrid. This coupled strategy overcomes difficulties encountered with segregated volume fraction algorithms, where heavy underrelaxation and long solution times are required. The resulting solution algorithm is scalable, leading to solution times which increase linearly with mesh size.Copyright © 2007 by ANSYS Inc.
Histochemical similarities between human and animal globoid cells in Krabbe's disease: a lectin study.

Lectin-histochemical studies were performed on paraffin-embedded brain tissue sections to identify the specific sugar residues of undegraded “stored” substances in the cytoplasm of globoid cells from patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy. We studied brain tissues from six human patients with galactosylceramide lipidosis (i. e., Krabbe's disease) and compared them to brain tissues from animals with a similar enzyme deficiency including seven Twitcher mice, three dogs and two cats. The globoid cells in all 18 cases studied stained with succinylated-wheat germ agglutinin (S-WGA), but did not stain withDilichos biflorus agglutinin, soybean agglutinin orUlex europaeus agglutinin-I.Bandeirea simplicifolia agglutinin-I stained the globoid cells in Twitcher mice, dogs and cats but not those in humans.Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin andRicinus communis agglutinin-I all stained each of the globoid cells in the mouse, dog and cat tissues, but only in some of the human cases. Peanut agglutinin, however, variably stained globoid cells in the mouse and dog cases but not at all in the human and cat cases. These results demonstrate a common terminal carbohydrate residueN-acetyl glucosamine, which binds S-WGA in the undergraded material stored within the globoid cells in galactoceramide lipidosis. These cells also contained various other stored molecules with sugar residues whose nature is determined by species or individually.
Abl kinases are required for vascular function, Tie2 expression, and angiopoietin-1–mediated survival

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with diverse cardiovascular pathologies. Here, we show a previously unappreciated role for the Abelson (Abl) family kinases (Abl and Arg) in endothelial function and the regulation of angiogenic factor pathways important for vascular homeostasis. Endothelial Abl deletion in Arg-null mice led to late-stage embryonic and perinatal lethality, with mutant mice displaying focal loss of vasculature and tissue necrosis. Loss of Abl kinases led to increased endothelial cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, contributing to vascular dysfunction, infarction, and tissue damage. Mechanistically, we identify a unique dual role for Abl kinases in the regulation of angiopoietin/Tie2 protein kinase signaling. Endothelial Abl kinases modulate Tie2 expression and angiopoietin-1–mediated endothelial cell survival. These findings reveal a critical requirement for the Abl kinases in vascular development and function, which may have important implications for the clinical use of Abl kinase inhibitors.
Effects of ethanol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on phencyclidine disposition in dogs

A three-way crossover study was performed to determine the influence of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ethanol (EtOH) separately upon phencyclidine (PCP) disposition in dogs. Seven dogs were given three single dose treatments: 1.5 mg PCP kg-1 i.v., 1.5 mg PCP kg-1 i.v. with 0.4 mg kg-1 THC i.v., and 1.5 mg PCP kg-1 i.v. with 1.25 g EtOH kg-1 i.v. PCP was measured in plasma samples collected for 24 h after administration of each treatment, with several pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from the plasma concentration vs time data. The PCP serum Cls values were significant change in V beta or t1/2. EtOH did not induce significant changes in any PCP pharmacokinetic parameter, although mean Cls and V beta were increased. These results confirm the observed THC inhibition of PCP metabolism, and suggest that the enhanced pharmacologic action of PCP by THC may result from higher serum PCP concentrations. These results further suggest that enhanced PCP actions by acute EtOH administration may result from increased PCP distribution to the CNS.
Increasing activity in captive orangutans: Provision of manipulable and edible materials

The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of the provision of manipulable and edible materials on the activity level of captive orangutans. The effects of three environmental conditions—bare exhibit, manipulables present, and manipulables plus edibles present—on the gross motor activity of four captive orangutans were compared using a multielement design. Results indicated that activity increased under the enriched conditions with increases in activity type specific to the environmental change. In addition, zoo visitors rated the exhibit more favorably on days the enriched conditions were in effect than on bare exhibit days.
Solubilization and partial purification of the high affinity [3H] imipramine binding site from human platelets.

Several lines of evidence have suggested that this site is structurally related to the uptake site for serotonin and that high affinity [3H]imipramine binding can serve as a label of the serotonin transporter [4-71. In order to determine the molecular properties of the high affinity [3H]im- ipramine binding site and further characterize its structural relationship to the serotonin transporter, we initiated a series of experiments to solubilize and subsequently purify the binding site from human platelet membranes. The present report describes the solubilization of the [3H]imipramine binding site from human platelets. The solubilized binding site has a pharmacological profile and ca- tion requirement which is identical to the membrane-bound binding site. Optimal solubiliza- tion was achieved using the detergent 3-[(3-chol- amidopropyl)dimethylammonio] - 1 -propanesulfo- nate (CHAPS) which is a zwitterionic derivative of cholic acid that has been successfully used for solubilization of other receptors [8, lo]. Partial purification of the solubilized [3H]imipramine bin- ding site was carried out by gel filtration chromato- +
The X-Ray Structure Of 3,4,5,7-Tetra-O-Acetyl 2,6-Anhydro-D-Glycero-D-Talo-Heptonamide

Abstract The title compound (C15H21NO10)' Mr=375.34, crystallized in the orthorhombic space group P2121,21 with a=8.989(1), b=9.350(2), c=22.839(2)A, V=1919.4(7)A3, Z=4 and Dc=1.299 Mgm−3. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an R-index of 0.043. The compound is in the α-D-configuration and displays the 5C2 conformation. The carbamoyl group is axially oriented and the remaining substituants are 3a, 4e, 5e and 6e. The absence of the anomeric effect in this C-glycoside results in equal and normal endocyclic C-O bond distances (1.425(3)A). The carbamoyl nitrogen is involved in a bifurcated hydrogen bond, intramolecularly with the pyranosyl ring oxygen atom 0-6, and intermolecularly with the carbonyl oxygen atom 0-9.
Uniformly reflexive structures: An axiomatic approach to computability

The concept of a Uniformly Reflexive Structure (U.R.S.) is developed as an abstract approach to computability. An axiomatic characterization of a Godelization is given such that any structure satisfying these axioms is a U.R.S. The fundamental lemmata of the subject and the relationships between U.R.S. and the set of computable functions is explored. Theorems analogous to the basic theorems of computability such as the iteration theorem, Kleene's second recursion theorem are established for U.R.S. Each U.R.S. contains a model N of the non-negative integers such that the restriction to N of the functions of U.R.S. contains all recursive functions. From the proof that the partial recursive functions form a U.R.S. we obtain a new Godelization of these functions.
Ni5Al3 and the nickel-aluminum binary phase diagram

Abstract A preliminary study of the region of stability of the Ni5Al3 phase in the nickel-aluminum binary phase diagram has been made using powder x-ray diffraction and optical and electron microscopy. Ni5Al3 is stable below about 700°C. The variation of the lattice parameters and morphology of the Ni5Al3 precipitates formed in 63 and 70 at.% nickel-aluminum alloys as functions of the annealing temperature is described.
Magnetic field effects on spin texturing in a quantum wire with Rashba spin-orbit interaction

A quantum wire with strong Rashba spin-orbit interaction is known to exhibit spatial modulation of spin density along its width owing to coupling between subbands caused by the Rashba interaction. This is known as spin texturing. Here, we show that a transverse external magnetic field introduces additional complex features in spin texturing, some of which reflect the intricate details of the underlying energy dispersion relations of the spin-split subbands. One particularly intriguing feature is a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} phase shift between the spatial modulations of two orthogonal components of the spin density, which is observed at moderate field strengths and when only the lowest spin-split level is occupied by electrons. Its origin lies in the fact that the Rashba interaction acts as an effective magnetic field whose strength is proportional to the electron's velocity.
Adoptive immunization in the production of lyt and other alloantisera.

Immunogenetic cell-surface markers that distinguish sets and subsets of lymphocytes, representing different stages and different lines of maturation within the total lymphoid population, have proved to be oI great value. They have helped to elucidate the immunological functions of different lymphocyte sets, and .have led to findings of much interest in other branches of biology. A serious impediment to wider use of such serological techniques is that the antisera required are often difficult to produce. Among the main problems is that, commonly, only a few immunized mice produce antiserum of adequate titer in the cytotoxicity assay, and of these, many must be discarded because they produce too much T-cell autoantibody. Thus, the volumes of satisfactory antiserum available are grossly inadequate. For this and other reasons (discussed below), we have explored the possibility that antiserum production can be improved by adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from satisfactorily immunized donors to irradiated syngeneic recipients. The following progress report is sufficiently promising to warrant the attention of interested colleagues. The data refer exclusively to the cytotoxicity assay performed according to Boyse and coworkers (1970) with this exception: we no longer use preabsorbed rabbit serum as the source of complement. In our experience, the best and most ample source of complement is a pool of serum from a few among many rabbits whose serum has been rigorously screened (both before and after exsanguination) for low toxicity for mouse thymocytes combined with high lytic efficiency for thymocytes in cytotoxicity assays with an Lyt antiserum which has a high demand for complement. The conditions for testing the use of adoptive immunization in the three antigenic systems named below were: (i) All mice were females. (ii) All donors had a satisfactory record of antibody production, as defined below for each system, and had reached the limit of their usefulness after many immunizations and bleedings; we could not afford to sacrifice younger donors for an untried procedure. (iii) For adoptive immunization, each syngeneic recipient (aged 8-12 weeks) was subjected to 500R total-body irradiation (Gamma Cell/40, Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd.)
Enzymatic synthesis of a hydroxy fatty acid polymer, cutin, by a particulate preparation from Vicia faba epidermis.

Abstract A 3000xg pellet preparation from epidermal extracts of young Vicia faba leaves catalyzed the incorporaton of 10,16-dihydroxypalmitic acid into insoluble material. Sequential treatment of the insoluble material with hydrolytic enzymes demonstrated that 10,16-dihydroxypalmitic acid was incorporated into cutin, the lipid polymer of plant cuticle. Cofactors required for incorporation were ATP and CoA and two pH optima, near 7.0 and near 8.5, were observed. This acyl-CoA transacylase-type enzyme is novel in that it catalyzes the formation of a hydroxy fatty acid polymer, a key reaction involved in the biosynthesis of cutin.
Integer Programming and Conway's Game of Life

This article presents integer programming formulations for finding interesting patterns in Conway's game of Life, with accompanying exercises and solutions.
Magnetic phase diagram of spinel spin-glasses

The article by Villain [Z. Phys. B — Condensed Matter33, 31 (1979)] is discussed and a modified magnetic phase diagram is suggested for the spinel system (AB2O4) in which theA andB sites are partially (or completely) occupied by magnetic atoms. This diagram takes into account the antiferromagnetic exchange interactionsJAA,JBB andJAB between nearest neighbor cations of various types. Regions of paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic and possible spin glass behaviour are indicated on the diagram.
The cost of healthcare to Americans.

The 20th century has witnessed many achievements and improvements in healthcare delivery in the United States. The United States spends 40% more per capita on healthcare than any other Western industrialized nation. However, the United States remains the only industrialized nation in the world that does not provide a basic health benefit package to all its citizens, despite the high level of spending on healthcare. Millions of Americans are disenfranchised, especially ethnic minorities, who encounter numerous barriers to the US healthcare system. The basic issues underlying efforts to improve the US healthcare system are concerned mainly with reducing costs; increasing access to healthcare, especially for the insured or the underinsured; and further improving and maintaining quality healthcare. This article discusses the reasons for increase in healthcare spending, despite measures taken by health stakeholders (eg, federal government, priovate health insurance industry, employers) to contain or reduce cost. This article further discusses attempts to create equitable healthcare for all Americans during the 1960s and 1970s. The Reagan era brought an end to such attempts by applying the "free-market" concept to healthcare, which saw movement away from domestic social programs by the federal government and the corporatization of healthcare. In the first half of the 1990s, concerns of the US healthcare system moved into the mainstream of political conscionsuess and debate. Five major attempts since 1912 to reform the US healthcare system have failed. This has left many to conclude that despite the increasing problems of access, cost, and quality of care in the United States, the country remains on a path of incremental changes in the healthcare system.
Collagen synthesis by monkey arterial smooth muscle cells during proliferation and quiescence in culture.

Abstract Monkey arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) which are stimulated to proliferate in the presence of 5% monkey blood serum (MBS) and which remain quiescent in 5% monkey platelet-poor plasma serum (MPPPS) were examined for their ability to synthesize collagen in each of these conditions in culture. Collagen synthesis was measured by determining amounts of newly formed labeled hydroxyproline, following labelling in the presence of [ 3 H]proline and ascorbic acid. Ascorbate requirements of SMC were examined to assure maximal hydroxylation. SMC synthesize the same amount of collagen/cell in 5% whole blood serum (MBS) during the early phase of rapid proliferation as during slow growth in later phases in culture. SMC grown in the presence of serum-lacking platelet factors synthesize 60–90% less collagen and 60–90% less non-collagen protein (per cell or per mg protein) than cells grown in MBS. Non-collagen protein synthesis was measured as incorporation of both [ 3 H]proline and of [ 3 H]leucine, determined as trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable material. Previous studies indicate that a factor derived from platelets is the principal mitogen present in whole blood serum for diploid cells such as SMC and fibroblasts in culture. Similarly derived factors are potent stimulators of both collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis by SMC. SMC, quiescent in medium lacking platelet derived material (MPPPS), is being used to investigate factors important in SMC proliferation since this is a significant event in atherogenesis in vivo. An increased deposition of collagen also occurs during atherogenesis. Consequently it will be useful to employ similar cultures of quiescent SMC to examine agents which affect production of this connective tissue matrix protein.
Chromatic dispersion monitoring of 40-Gb/s OOK data using optical VSB filtering at high frequency

We experimentally demonstrate a chromatic dispersion monitoring technique for a 40-Gb/s OOK data by measuring the pulse pattern after optical VSB filtering centered at high frequency. A 142.2-ps delay of the pattern changes with 0∼400-ps/nm chromatic dispersion.
Fatal explosion caused by an intermittently used fuel gas piping system

A fatal explosion occurred at a foundry during aroutine test of an intermittently used liquid propanestandby system. Just before the explosion, mainte-nance personnel were preparing the propane standbysystem for a startup test. While preparing for thestartup test, the group was alerted that employees inan adjacent building had detected the odor of pro-pane. The test was stopped, and the group conductingthe test implemented emergency shutdown proce-dures. The explosion occurred during the executionof the emergency shutdown. The explosion resulted inthree fatalities, numerous injuries, and extensiveproperty damages.The propane standby system was intended to sup-ply synthetic natural gas in the event of an interrup-tion of the natural gas supply from outside utilitycompany. Synthetic natural gas is a mixture of pro-pane and air that has similar combustion propertiesto natural gas. To ensure the reliability of the pro-pane standby system, it was scheduled for two routinemaintenance tasks each year: a preventative mainte-nance task and a startup task. The liquid propanesupply piping for the standby system was a buriedpipe. When the underground propane piping wasplaced back into service for the test, ﬂashing liquidpropane discharged from an undetected hole in thepipe into loose backﬁll material in the surroundingsoil. The propane vapor migrated underground andentered a nearby building through a penetration inthe building foundation and was subsequentlyignited. Following the incident, the buried liquid pro-pane line was excavated, and the hole in the pipingwas discovered.This accident was caused by the failure of the me-chanical integrity of the liquid propane piping.Within the body of this article, the root causes of thepiping failure are discussed along with correctiveactions that could have prevented this accident. Thecorrective actions include selecting an alternativematerial of construction for the piping, implementingproper construction practices for buried piping, fol-lowing appropriate test and maintenance proceduresfor the existing cathodic protection system, and veriﬁ-cation of piping integrity by leak testing with an inertgas before placing it into service. 2011 AmericanInstitute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 30:360–364, 2011Keywords: natural gas; synthetic propane; fuel gaspipeline; explosion; underground; pipe corrosion;cathodic protection
Resonance Raman scattering in semiconductors and semiconductor microstructures

Resonance Raman Scattering is a unique form of modulation spectroscopy that uses the material's phonons rather than externally supplied agents to modulate the electronic structure. We review the applications of this technique to semiconducting materials. Special emphasis is given to research on quantum well and superlattice systems, particularly to phonon localization effects and to analysis of resonant profiles.
An automatic sliding interface algorithm for intense impulsive loading computations.

This paper presents an automatic sliding interface algorithm for intense impulsive loading computations due to high velocity impact and explosive detonation. This algorithm allows the user to perform computations involving complex sliding interfaces without having to predetermine the sliding interfaces; everything is automated. The interface determination algorithm, the searching algorithm and the contact algorithm are included.
Treatment of Lower Eyelid Malposition with Dermis Fat Grafting

Purpose To report a new technique in the repair of lower eyelid malposition using dermis fat as a posterior lamellar spacer graft. Design Retrospective, consecutive, nonrandomized interventional case series. Participants Eleven patients who underwent surgical correction for symptomatic lower eyelid malposition using dermis fat as a spacer graft. Methods Patients with symptomatic lower eyelid malposition after blepharoplasty, trauma, craniofacial syndromes, and human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipodystrophy were treated with midfacial lifting combined with dermis fat posterior lamellar spacer grafting. Main Outcome Measures Preoperative and postoperative measurements of eyelid position, margin-to-reflex distance (defined as the distance from the upper eyelid to the central corneal light reflex and the distance from the lower eyelid to the corneal light reflex), lagophthalmos, corneal staining, presence of ocular surface symptoms, and patient satisfaction. Results All patients who underwent dermis fat spacer grafting during lower eyelid malposition repair noted improvement in ocular surface symptoms and restoration of normal eyelid position. Conclusions Dermis fat is a novel posterior lamellar spacer graft and offers numerous advantages over conventional lower eyelid spacer grafts for repair of lower eyelid malposition.
Ceramic joining II partial transient liquid-phase bonding of alumina via Cu/Ni/Cu multilayer interlayers

Multilayer Cu/Ni/Cu interlayers that form a thin layer of a Cu-rich transient liquid phase have been used to join alumina to alumina at 1150 °C. The method and bonding conditions yield an assembly bonded by a Ni-rich (>94 at% Ni) interlayer at a temperature substantially lower than those normally required for solid-state diffusion bonding with pure Ni interlayers. Flexure strengths of as-bonded beams ranged from 61 to 267 MPa with an average of 160 MPa and a standard deviation of ±63 MPa. The highest flexure strengths were observed in samples where failure occurred in the ceramic. Post-bonding anneals of 10 h duration in air and gettered-argon at 1000 °C decreased the average room temperature strength to 138 and 74 MPa, respectively. In as-processed and annealed samples, varying degrees of interfacial spinel formation are indicated. Spinel formation may contribute to the scatter in as-processed samples, and the decrease in strength values resulting from annealing.
A problem of P Seymour on nonbinary matroids

The following statement fork=1, 2, 3 has been proved by Tutte [4], Bixby [1] and Seymour [3] respectively: IfM is ak-connected non-binary matroid andX a set ofk-1 elements ofM, thenX is contained in someU 4 2 minor ofM. Seymour [3] asks whether this statement remains true fork=4; the purpose of this note is to show that it does not and to suggest some possible alternatives.
Family and peer social support as specific correlates of adolescent depressive symptoms

Depression models that emphasize the social environment have not been tested with adolescents and their specificity to depressive symptoms has not been demonstrated. In a study of 94 adolescent inpatients, distinctions were drawn between family and peer support to determine if these sources of support were differentially related to depression symptoms. Step-down multivariate multiple-regression analyses showed that depression symptoms were uniquely predicted by social relationship variables after accounting for the effects of anxiety and conduct disorder symptoms. Depression was negatively related to family and paternal support, but it was positively related to peer support. Furthermore, family and paternal support interacted with peer support in the prediction of depression. The results are consistent with the assertion that disturbances in important supportive attachments have special significance for the experience of depressive symptoms by adolescents.
Board practices of especially effective and less effective local nonprofit organizations

This study reviews evidence in support of the hypothesis that nonprofit organizations’effectiveness is related to the effectiveness of their boards of directors. It also asks whether various recomm...
The 35-kilodalton protein gene (p35) of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the neomycin resistance gene provide dominant selection of recombinant baculoviruses

Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) recombinants were constructed to test the effectiveness of the AcMNPV 35-kilodalton protein gene (35K gene) and the bacterial neomycin resistance gene (neo) as dominant selectable markers for baculoviruses. Insertion of the AcMNPV apoptosis suppressor gene (p35) into the genome of p35-deletion mutants inhibited premature host cell death and increased virus yields up to 1200-fold at low multiplicities in Spodoptera frugiperda (SF21) cell cultures. When placed under control of an early virus promoter, the bacterial neomycin resistance gene (neo) restored multiplication of AcMNPV in the same cells treated with concentrations of the antibiotic G418 that inhibited wild-type virus growth greater than 1000-fold. The selectivity of these dominant markers was compared by serial passage of recombinant virus mixtures. After four passages, the proportion of p35-containing virus increased as much as 2,000,000-fold relative to deletion mutants, whereas the proportion of neo-containing viruses increased 500-fold relative to wild-type virus under G418 selection. The strength and utility of p35 as a selectable marker was further demonstrated by the construction of AcMNPV expression vectors using polyhedrin-based transfer plasmids that contain p35. Recombinant viruses with foreign gene insertions at the polyhedrin locus accounted for 15 to 30% of the transfection progeny. The proportion of desired viruses was increased to greater than 90% by linearizing the parental virus DNA at the intended site of recombination prior to transfection. These results indicate that p35 and neo facilitate the selection of baculovirus recombinants and that p35, in particular, is an effective marker for the generation of AcMNPV expression vectors.
EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION OF THREE STREAMS IN SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK, VIRGINIA, USA

Short-term acidification of surface waters in the eastern United States accompanying rainfall and snowmelt events represents an important aspect of the regional acidification problem. The objectives of this field study were to (1) examine the changes in acid-base chemistry during stormflow conditions, (2) understand the hydrological flowpaths that control streamwater acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), and (3) evaluate the contribution of individual ions to the overall changes in streamwater ANC. Three forested mountain streams in Shenandoah National Park (Paine Run, Piney River, and Staunton River) were chosen based on their similar catchment size (11–13 km2) but different bedrock geology and baseflow ANC. Throughout the three-year study, samples were collected at eight-hour intervals (primarily to establish antecedent baseflow conditions), and at two-hour intervals during events until the flow receded. All samples were analyzed for pH, ANC, and all major cations and anions. During storm events, pH and ANC decreases were observed in all streams, with ANC becoming negative several times in Paine Run. Base cation concentrations typically increased in Paine Run and Staunton River, but usually decreased in Piney River. Sulfate and nitrate concentrations generally increased in all streams. Antecedent baseflow ANC was found to be the best predictor of the minimum ANC. The data from more than 40 episodes on these streams (initiated by 25 different storm events) are interpreted to evaluate the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic sources of acidity to these acid-sensitive natural waters.
Influence of lipogenesis on growth of rabies virus in brown adipose tissue of experimentally infected hamsters.

During the course of studies dealing with the effect of the gravid state on experimental rabies infection in Chiroptera, it was noted that the frequency with which rabies virus could be detected in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (brown fat) of infected bats varied significantly according to the stage of .pregnancy at the time of virus inoculation (Sims et al, 1963). Further experiments revealed marked variations in the lipid content of the brown fat of bats throughout the gestation period; the quantity of lipid in this tissue increased as pregnancy progressed, reaching a maximum level in the late period and decreasing precipitously during parturition. A similar increase in brown fat
Novel p53/p130 Axis in Bladder Tumors

OBJECTIVES To identify the relationships between key components of the proliferative and apoptotic pathways in bladder tumors. METHODS A tissue array of 88 bladder tumors was assembled. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to investigate the relationship between nine different parameters: stage, proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (in situ DNA nick end labeling), the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb), the Rb-related protein p130, cyclin E, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. The protein expression in each tumor was reported as the percentage of positively staining cells. RESULTS The analysis focused on Stage 1 to 3 tumors. Analysis found that p53 expression increased progressively with stage, and Rb and p27 decreased with increasing stage. Overall, the cyclin E levels correlated with the proliferative index. Cyclin E levels were low in Stage 1 tumors and elevated in Stage 2 tumors, but were decreased in Stage 3 tumors. Multivariate analysis uncovered a correlation between cyclin E and proliferation (Ki67) and a weak correlation between p53 and Bcl-2 and between p27 and Rb. A strong correlation was found between the expression of p53 and p130, which was apparent in Stages 1 and 3, but not in Stage 2. Furthermore, high levels of p130 protein were detected primarily in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a novel p53/p130 axis in bladder tumors.
The mechanosensitivity of spinal sensory neurons following intraspinal injections of quisqualic acid in the rat

Abstract The mechanoreceptive properties of rat spinal sensory neurons were evaluated in segments adjacent to those injected with the excitatory amino acid agonist quisqualic acid. Following survival periods of 7–36 days cells recorded in quisqualate injected animals had an increased level of background activity, increased sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, and an increase in the duration of afterdischarge responses. It is suggested that a central mechanism that alters the functional state of neurons may be responsible for the sensory abnormalities, e.g. allodynia and hyperalgesia, that occur following excitotoxic induced cell death associated with ischemic and traumatic spinal cord injury.
A deforming finite element method for analysis of alloy solidification problems

Abstract A better understanding of the heat transfer associated with an alloy solidification process may lead to precise control of the solidification process and improvement of the quality of castings. This requires accurate modeling of heat flux discontinuities and the multiple phases (solid, liquid, and mush) inside solidifying bodies. To deal with the complexity of the problem and improve the accuracy of numerical results, a deforming finite element method for alloy solidification is developed in this paper. In this method, the velocities of the solid/mush and mush/liquid interfaces are primary variables. Special procedures are developed to calculate these interface velocities. Therefore, both solid/mush and mush/liquid interfaces can be tracked continuously. This method assumes complete solute mixing with no mass diffusion and require knowledge of the relationship between the solid fraction and the temperature in the early mushy region. In the example problems of solidification of binary alloys, Scheil's equation and the lever rule are used to calculate the solid fraction in the mushy region. This method is accurate and can be easily implemented.
Stimulation of the Na+/K+ Pump Activity During Electrogenic Uptake of Acidic Amino Acid Transmitters by Rat Brain Synaptosomes

: Addition of d-aspartate, a substrate for the high-affinity transport of acidic amino acid transmitters, to suspensions of rat brain synaptosomes increased the rate of O2 consumption, uptake of 86Rb, and transport of 2-[3H]deoxyglucose. Stimulation of all three processes was abolished in the presence of ouabain. d-Aspartate had no effect on respiration in the medium in which NaCl was replaced by choline chloride. The ratio of the ouabain-sensitive increase in 86Rb uptake to that in O2 consumption was 12 to 1, which gives a calculated 86Rb(K+)/ATP of 2. It is concluded that electrogenic, high-affinity transport of sodium-d-aspartate into synaptosomes stimulates the activity of the Na+/K+ pump through an increase in [Na+]i.
Fabrication of positively and negatively charged polyelectrolyte structures by dip-pen nanolithography

Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) is successfully used to pattern two polyelectrolytes: poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride, PDDA and poly(styrenesulfonate), PSS, on two types of surfaces: clean SiOx and SiOx coated with a layer of PDDA. Lateral Force Microscopy, Force Volume Imaging and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy were used to verify the chemical composition of the patterns.
Campus violence preparedness of US college campuses

This study investigates the impact of the 2007 Virginia Tech shootings on college emergency procedures of US college campuses. College administrators and security officers from a cross-sectional representative sample of 161 US colleges participated in an online survey in 2008–2009 academic year. Whereas a majority of college campuses reported having appropriate emergency procedures in place, only 25 per cent (n=40) of the surveyed campuses agreed that students understood the emergency procedures of their campuses. Another 25 per cent (n=41) of the campuses reported that if a dangerous crisis situation occurred, the entirety of students and employees would likely be notified within 5 min. Data indicate that a substantial number of colleges across the nation do not realize the importance of emergency drills and do not engage in campus-wide practice of them on a regular basis.
Income from capital [Wireless Investor]

A flexible approach to managing retirement assets was presented in the August 2008 column. This approach uses a retirement asset inventory to obtain a unified view of a portfolio of retirement assets regardless of the nature of each asset (i.e., pension or investment account balance) and regardless of the tax status of each asset. The column also reviewed some other factors, such as the role of a cash buffer, the impact of taxes on asset allocation, and whether or not to pay off a mortgage. The issue of converting capital to income was alluded to but was not discussed. The present column picks up the narrative at this point.
Definitive evidence for the influence of circadian rhythm on bone marrow (Bm) Stem cell engraftability

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of circadian rhythm on the hematopoietic system but little is known about variation of BM engraftability throughout the day. We transplanted 40 × 10 6 Ly5.1 (B6.SJL) BM cells into submyeloablated (100 cGY) Ly5.2 (C57BL/6J) recipients. Donors were kept isolated in 2 custom built cabinets in order to ensure 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark. Recipients were also synchronized in order to receive the transplant consistently at Circadian Time (CT) 8 (2 pm). We had 15 donors and 15 recipients for each CT. For transplant, marrow was pooled into three groups of five. Percent (± SD) engraftment was determined by the ratio Ly5.2/(Ly5.1 + Ly5.2). There was a significant fluctuation (p These in vivo observations were complemented by in vitro analysis of donor BM. Colony-assays (HPP-CFC), thymidine suicide tests (percentage of cycling cells), and lineage analysis were performed. Significant asynchronous fluctuations of HPP-CFC numbers were seen while proliferation varied inversely with engraftment. These data provide statistically significant evidence of circadian variations of BM engraftability and form a base for further studies of stem cell chronobiology.
Taking Ownership in an Arts Partnership: The Experience of Three Middle School Teachers in a Drama Residency

It is no secret that funding for arts education in the elementary, middle, and high schools of the United States is at an all-time low. Even schools with money designated to arts programming redire...
Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat.

Abstract The efferent projections of the core and shell areas of the nucleus accumbens were studied with a combination of anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing methods, including Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin, horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent tracers. Both the core and shell regions project to pallidal areas, i.e. ventral pallidum and entopeduncular nucleus, with a distinct topography in the sense that the core projection is located in the dorsolateral part of ventral pallidum, whereas the shell projects to the medial part of the subcommissural ventral pallidum. Both regions of the accumbens also project to mesencephalon with a bias for the core projection to innervate the substantia nigra-lateral mesencephalic tegmentum, and for the shell projection to reach primarily the ventral tegmental-paramedian tegmentum area. The most pronounced differences between core and shell projections exist in regard to the hypothalamus and extended amygdala. Whereas the core projects primarily to the entopeduncular nucleus including a part that invades the lateral hypothalamus, the shell, in addition, projects diffusely throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the lateral hypothalamus as well as to the extended amygdala, especially its sublenticular part. Both the core and shell of the accumbens have unmistakable striatal characteristics both histologically and in their connectional patterns. The shell, however, has additional features that are reminiscent of the recently described extended amygdala [Alheid G. F. and Heimer L. (1988) Neuroscience27, 1–39; de Olmos J. S. et al. (1985) In The Rat Nervous System, pp. 223–334]; in fact, the possibility exists that the shell represents a transitional zone that seems to characterize most of the fringes of the striatal complex, where it adjoins the extended amygdala.
Milestones in Airborne Astronomy: From the 1920's to the Present

The use of airplanes for astronomical observations began in the 1920's. From then until the early 1960's, almost all of the observations made from aircraft were for the purpose of viewing solar eclipses. Due to advances hi technology and increasing interest hi infrared astronomy, the use of airplanes for astronomy expanded during the 1960's to include planetary observations and a wide range of other studies. This paper describes some of the major milestones of airborne astronomy, from the 1920's to the present.
Improvement of adaptive controller designs for robot manipulator systems yielding reduced Cartesian error

A set of nonlinear coupled differential equations that represents mathematical model of a robot manipulator whose coefficients are unknown due to the effects of payload, friction and/or backlash, etc., is considered in this paper. It is shown that by proper compensation of the input torque the norm of the state error becomes less than that which is resulted from the conventional design. A Jacobian relation is introduced and being used in the design methodologies of the Lyapunov direct method and the hyperstability method to reduce the Cartesian error. These results are applied to a three-joint revolute manipulator to demonstrate performance improvement.
"Spicing up" of the immune system by curcumin.

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. Traditionally known for its an antiinflammatory effects, curcumin has been shown in the last two decades to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Curcumin can also downregulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and chemokines, most likely through inactivation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Interestingly, however, curcumin at low doses can also enhance antibody responses. This suggests that curcumin’s reported beneficial effects in arthritis, allergy, asthma, atherosclerosis, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and cancer might be due in part to its ability to modulate the immune system. Together, these findings warrant further consideration of curcumin as a therapy for immune disorders.
Encoding of spatial relations with amnesia

Incidental and intentional learning of spatial location was studied in amnesics and normals. It was found that spatial encoding of amnesics improved with instruction whereas the spatial encoding of normal adults did not. The finding suggests that spatial encoding in amnesics may be qualitatively different from that of normal adults.