cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor co-repressor

Thyroid-hormone and retinoic-acid receptors exert their regulatory functions by acting as both activators and repressors of gene expression. A nuclear receptor co-repressor (N-CoR) of relative molecular mass 270K has been identified which mediates ligand-independent inhibition of gene transcription by these receptors, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms of repression by thyroid-hormone and retinoic-acid receptors are analogous to the co-repressor-dependent transcriptional inhibitory mechanisms of yeast and Drosophila.
Comparison of two methods of adding jitter to artificial neural network training

Abstract We compare two methods of training artificial neural networks (ANNs) that potentially reduce the risk of the neural network overfitting the training data set. We refer to these methods as training with jitter. In one method of training with jitter, a new random noise vector is added to each training-data vector between successive iterations. In this work, we propose a different method of training with jitter, in which instead of adding different random noise vectors between iterations, a number of random vectors are used to expand the training data set prior to training. This artificially expanded data set is then used to train the artificial neural network in the conventional manner. These two methods are compared to the conventional method of training artificial neural networks. We find that although training with a single expanded training data set does increase the performance of the neural networks, overfitting can still occur after a large number of training iterations.
Iliopsoas compartment: normal anatomy and pathologic processes.

The iliopsoas compartment is an extraperitoneal space that contains the greater psoas, smaller psoas, and iliac muscles. Many pathologic processes may involve the iliopsoas compartment, including inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and neoplastic conditions. Psoas muscle infection is usually due to direct extension from contiguous structures. With the decreasing incidence of tuberculosis, the majority of psoas abscesses now encountered have a pyogenic origin. Hemorrhage into the psoas muscle can be spontaneous or secondary to various conditions. Neoplastic involvement of the psoas muscle is usually due to contiguous spread and is rarely primary. With the refinement of imaging modalities, there has been increased recognition of diseases that involve the iliopsoas compartment. Although these conditions may look similar radiologically, they can be correctly diagnosed by combining the radiologic findings with the clinical history. Biopsy is effective in diagnosis of such conditions; aspiration and drainage are effecti...
Relationship of muscle sympathetic nerve activity to insulin sensitivity.

Purpose An association between insulin resistance and activation of the sympathetic nervous system has been reported in previous studies. However, potential interactions between insulin sensitivity and sympathetic neural mechanisms in healthy people remain poorly understood. We conducted a study to determine the relationship between sympathetic activity and insulin resistance in young, healthy humans.
An approximation for the waiting time distribution in single server queues

Single server queues with general interarrival and service times are approximated by queues with two-point (Bernoulli) interarrival times and exponential service times. The parameters are chosen such that the first four moments of the difference of the service times and interarrival times in the approximating system equal those of the original system. The aptness of the approximation is discussed and some examples are presented comparing the exact and approximate waiting time distributions. A more complicated approximation is presented using the dual system (exponential arrivals, Bernoulli service) for those cases where the original approximation cannot be used.
Image reconstruction from sparse data samples in MRI accounting for phase roll

In this study we apply a total variation (TV) minimization algorithm to image reconstruction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This algorithm is particularly effective for underlying images that are approximately piecewise constant. While the underlying proton spin density in MRI can satisfy this condition under certain circumstances, it is often distorted by unavoidable physical factors that alter the phase of the complex image. In this work, we employ a known method of removing this slow phase variation resulting from magnetic field inhomogeneities to obtain a spin density distribution that is piecewise constant. After the phase removal, we apply the TV minimization algorithm to obtain images from 20% of the full MRI data set.
Creative Personality Characteristics and Dimensions of Mental Functioning in Gifted Adolescents.

The intent of this study was to discover what relationship, if any, exists between creative personality characteristics and psychic overexcitabilities (OEs), as defined by Dabrowski's Theory of Emotional Development. Twenty‐one gifted seventh and eighth grade students were given the Something About Myself (SAM) portion of the Khatena‐Torrance Creative Perception Inventory and the Overexcitabilities Questionnaire. The seven subjects with the highest SAM scores were designated as the High Creative, the seven lowest as the Low Creative group. At test was performed on the group means of the two groups on the five dimensions of overexcitability. Differences between the High Creative and Low Creative groups were significant (p < .025] for imaginational and intellectual OE and (p < .05) for emotional OE. Differences Between the groups on psychomotor and sensual OE were nonsignificant. These findings have implications for parents, teachers, and counselors of creatively gifted students.
Seepage through a hazardous-waste trench cover

Abstract Water movement through a waste-trench cover under natural conditions at a low-level radioactive waste disposal site in northwestern Illinois was studied from July 1982 to June 1984, using tensiometers, a moisture probe, and meteorological instruments. Four methods were used to estimate seepage: the Darcy, zero-flux plane, surface-based water-budget, and groundwater-based water-budget methods. Annual seepage estimates ranged from 48 to 216 mm (5–23% of total precipitation), with most seepage occurring in spring. The Darcy method, although limited in accuracy by uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity, was capable of discretizing seepage in space and time and indicated that seepage varied by almost an order of magnitude across the width of the trench. Lowest seepage rates occurred near the center of the cover, where seepage was gradual. Highest rates occurred along the edge of the cover, where seepage was highly episodic, with 84% of the total there being traced to wetting fronts from 28 individual storms. Limitations of the zero-flux-plane method were severe enough for the method to be judged inappropriate for use in this study.
Assessing the Impacts of E. coli Laden Streambed Sediment on E. coli Loads over a Range of Flows and Sediment Characteristics

Understanding sediment Escherichia coli levels (i.e., pathogen indicators) and their contribution to the water column during resuspension is critical for predicting in-stream E. coli levels and the potential risk to human health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's current water quality testing strategies, however, rely on water borne E. coli concentrations to assess stream E. coli levels and identify impaired waters. In this work, we conducted a scenario analysis using a range of flows, sediment/water bacteria fractions, and particle sizes to which E. coli attach to assess the impact of E. coli in streambed sediments on water column E. coli levels. We used simple sediment transport theory to calculate the potential total E. coli concentrations in a stream with and without the resuspension process. Results clearly indicate that inclusion of resuspending sediment attached E. coli is necessary for watershed assessments and data on sediment attached E. coli concentrations is much needed. When neglecting the streambed sediment E. coli concentrations, the model predicted average E. coli loads of 107 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/s; however, when streambed sediment E. coli concentrations were included in the model, the predictions ranged from 1010 to 1014 CFU/s. To evaluate the predictions, E. coli data in the streambed sediment and the water column were monitored in Squaw Creek, Iowa. Comparisons between measured and predicted E. coli loads yielded an R2-value of 0.85.
Freedom of Conscience, Employee Prerogatives, and Consumer Choice: Veal, Birth Control, and Tanning Beds.

Does a pharmacist have a right to refuse to fill certain prescriptions? In this paper, I examine cases in which an employee might refuse to do something that is part of his or her job description. I will argue that in some of these cases, an employee does have a right of refusal and in other cases an employee does not. In those cases where the employee does not have a right of refusal, I argue that the refusals (if repeated) are just cause for termination of employment. I argue that there are moral principles that support the different outcomes in the cases under consideration. I turn to pharmacy cases at the end of the paper and argue that they are analogous to cases where an employee does not have a right of refusal and thus fall under the principle that refusing to fill birth control prescriptions constitutes just cause for termination.
Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations of a CuO2 Model

The nature of the pairing mechanism responsible for high-temperature superconductivity remains a central theoretical puzzle in condensed matter physics. Here we discuss the properties of the two-dimensional CuO2 layers common to these materials in terms of a three- band Hubbard model. We describe how recently devel oped quantum Monte Carlo simulation techniques al low one to calculate the physical properties of strongly interacting many-electron systems and discuss the re sources required for such simulations. Then we review what we have learned from these simulations about the antiferromagnetic, charge-transfer, and supercon ducting correlations in the three-band Hubbard model. We conclude with a discussion of future goals.
Design of novel cholecystokinin-B receptor ligands based on the 'double-ring system' approach

A structurally novel series of cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B) receptor ligands has been designed and synthesized based on the 'double ring system' theory of receptor recognition. Compounds 2b-cis and 2g-cis from this 1-amino-2-benzyltetralin series show modest CCK-B receptor affinity, with IC50 values of 48.5 nM and 39.0 nM, respectively. The results are discussed in the context of ongoing efforts to identify the CCK-B receptor binding site for nonpeptide ligands.
Deriving blood stem cells from pluripotent stem cells for research and therapy

Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells offer promise for research and treatment of hematologic diseases. While broad clinical application in humans is still a distant prospect, there are promising near-term applications in transfusion of platelets and red blood cells.
Delay analysis of Wireless Ad Hoc networks: Single vs. multiple radio

Due to the self organizing characteristic of Ad Hoc network, it is difficult to adopt traditional delay measurement techniques in a multi hop Wireless Mesh network (WMN). This problem is much more complicated in multi-radio environment because of the mutual interferences that contribute significantly to the overall delay. We present an experimental methodology to obtain an estimate of average intra-node delay and inter-node delay for packets of variable payload size in both single radio and multi-radio environment without the constraint of clock synchronization between the nodes. Our results provide insights on comparing performances between single and multi-radio environment with some interesting findings like periodic nature for intra-node delay with oscillating frequency distribution. Finally our statistical analysis validates the linear relationship between end to end delay, intra-node delay and inter-node delay.
The Hawkish Dove: Evolution and the Logic of Political Behaviour

In a previous issue of this journal, Adam Goodwin (2010) argued that applications of �orthodox� evolutionary theory in international relations are reductionist, necessarily privilege an individualist ontology, and doom social theorising to the false assumption that humans are by nature selfish and competitive. As an alternative, Goodwin presents Kropotkin�s Mutual Aid framework both for overcoming the reductionism of �orthodox� evolutionary theory and for establishing a holist ontology cantered around the autonomy of social forms. I argue that Goodwin�s representation of �orthodox� evolutionary theory is in fact far from orthodoxy and instead rests on misunderstandings both of how natural selection operates and what it operates to produce � adaptations. I show that modern evolutionary theory rests on neither individualist nor holist ontologies, and instead demonstrates that humans are by nature neither hawkish nor dovish. I provide examples on the evolution of cooperation and war to demonstrate that modern evolutionary theory can explain a range of pro- and anti-social behaviours and that fears of biological reductionism in international relations are misplaced.
Literature and Governmentality

Recent scholarship on governmentality promises to reinvigorate literary critical analysis of how novels, poems, and plays help to organize the world’s populations as they interact. In turn, literary criticism helps to illuminate the global implications of Michel Foucault’s lectures at the College de France, published in English as Security, Territory, Population (2007) and The Birth of Biopolitics (2008). By privileging varied practice over unifying theory, Foucault’s approach leads scholars to examine the circulation of governmental techniques in conjunction with the circulation of governable populations. An emphasis on mobility and exchange should appeal particularly to specialists in immigrant, imperial, and postcolonial literature. While considering a range of literary critical and social scientific scholarship on governmentality, this essay also shows how literature itself authorizes discrepant forms of administration. I contend that literature and literary criticism engage in imaginative reformulations and reinventions of the art of government, and in so doing contribute to debates about governing that are every bit as cross-disciplinary as they are transnational.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of 6-Thiopurine Riboside

The molecular structure of 6-thiopurine riboside (commonly known as 6-mercaptopurine riboside) has been determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The material crystallizes from water as orthorhombic needles (space group P 2 1 2 1 2 1 ) with unit cell dimensions of a = 8.622 A., b = 13.624 A., and c = 20.262 A. There are two unique molecules in the asymmetric unit of the cell. The structure was solved by the heavy atom technique and refined by block diagonal least squares. The final R index is 0.067. In general, the bond lengths and angles agree with those found in other nucleoside structures. The C6-S distances of the two molecules (average 1.669 ± 0.002 A.) together with the presence of a hydrogen on each of the N1 atoms indicates that the molecules are in the thiolactam configuration rather than the mercapto form. The glycosidic torsion angles ( φ cn ) are +135° and +144° for the two molecules. The syn conformation about each of the CN bonds is stabilized by 05′-H…N3 intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The furanose rings are puckered; C2′ being displaced endo in both molecules. Each of the unique sulfurs is involved in a C-H…S interaction, while one is also participating in an O-H…S hydrogen bond.
Distant Metastases to the Hallux in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare tumor originating from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. Distant metastases involve the lungs, skeleton, liver, and occasionally the choroid. I present the case of a 33-year-old man with stage-IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma and an unusual distant metastasis to the hallux, which has not previously been described in the literature.
Online Bayesian estimation of transition probabilities for Markovian jump systems

Markovian jump systems (MJSs) evolve in a jump-wise manner by switching among simpler models, according to a finite Markov chain, whose parameters are commonly assumed known. This paper addresses the problem of state estimation of MJS with unknown transition probability matrix (TPM) of the embedded Markov chain governing the jumps. Under the assumption of a time-invariant but random TPM, an approximate recursion for the TPMs posterior probability density function (PDF) within the Bayesian framework is obtained. Based on this recursion, four algorithms for online minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimation of the TPM are derived. The first algorithm (for the case of a two-state Markov chain) computes the MMSE estimate exactly, if the likelihood of the TPM is linear in the transition probabilities. Its computational load is, however, increasing with the data length. To limit the computational cost, three alternative algorithms are further developed based on different approximation techniques-truncation of high order moments, quasi-Bayesian approximation, and numerical integration, respectively. The proposed TPM estimation is naturally incorporable into a typical online Bayesian estimation scheme for MJS [e.g., generalized pseudo-Bayesian (GPB) or interacting multiple model (IMM)]. Thus, adaptive versions of MJS state estimators with unknown TPM are provided. Simulation results of TPM-adaptive IMM algorithms for a system with failures and maneuvering target tracking are presented.
Analysis and Performance Results of a Molecular Modeling Application on Merrimac

The Merrimac supercomputer uses stream processors and a high-radix network to achieve high performance at low cost and low power. The stream architecture matches the capabilities of modem semiconductor technology with compute-intensive parallel applications. We present a detailed case study of porting the GROMACS molecular-dynamics force calculation to Merrimac. The characteristics of the architecture which stress locality, parallelism, and decoupling of memory operations and computation, allow for high performance of compiler optimized code. The rich set of hardware memory operations and the ample computation bandwidth of the Merrimac processor present a wide range of algorithmic trade-offs and optimizations which may be generalized to several scientific computing domains. We use a cycle-accurate hardware simulator to analyze the performance bottlenecks of the various implementations and to measure application run-time. A comparison with the highly optimized GROMACS code, tuned for an Intel Pentium 4, confirms Merrimacs potential to deliver high performance.
A model of spatially restricted transcription in opposing gradients of activators and repressors.

Morphogens control patterns of transcription in development, often by establishing concentration gradients of a single transcriptional activator. However, many morphogens, including Hedgehog, create opposing activatorand repressor gradients (OARGs). In contrast to single activatorgradients, it is not well understood how OARGs control transcriptional patterns. We present a general thermodynamic model that explains how spatial patterns of gene expression are established within OARGs. The model predicts that differences in enhancer binding site affinities for morphogenresponsive transcription factors (TFs) produce discrete transcriptional boundaries, but only when eitheractivators orrepressors bindcooperatively.Thismodelquantitativelypredictsthe boundaries of gene expression within OARGs. When trained on experimental data, our model accounts for the counterintuitive observation that increasing the affinity of binding sites in enhancers of Hedgehog target genes produces more restricted transcription within Hedgehog gradients in Drosophila. Because our model is general, it may explain the role of low-affinity binding sites in many contexts, including mammalian Hedgehog gradients.
Identification of Manning's Roughness Coefficients in Shallow Water Flows

A numerical method based on optimal control theories for identifying Manning's roughness coefficients ~Manning's n! in modeling of shallow water flows is presented. The coefficients are difficult to be determined especially when the spatial variation is significant, and are usually estimated empirically. The present methodology is applied to determine the optimal values of the spatially distributed parameters, which give least overall discrepancies between simulations and measurements. Through a series of systematic studies to identify the n values in both a hypothetical open channel and a natural stream stretch, several identification procedures based on unconstrained and constrained minimizations are analyzed. It is found that the limited-memory quasi-Newton method has the advan- tages of higher rate of convergence, numerical stability and computational efficiency. Although the identification of Manning'sn is chosen as an example, the identification methods can be applied to numerical simulations of various flow problems.
A Late Cretaceous coniferous woodland from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico

The Fossil Forest Research Natural Area (FFRNA) in New Mexico is the site of an exceptionally preserved fossil forest of Campanian age. This study combines paleoecological, taxonomic, and sedimentological analysis, together with GIS mapping of 68 fossil tree stumps and nine fossil logs, in order to provide a detailed description of this forest. Wood analysis of stumps illustrates that the forest is almost exclusively composed of conifers most likely related to the Cupressaceae. Reconstruction of the forest indicates that the conifers were mature and widely spaced, creating an open canopy woodland; however, leaf litter directly associated with the fossil woodland has not been preserved, so the detailed composition of its understory remains enigmatic. Analysis of the substrate in which the stumps were rooted suggests that trees grew in a gley soil under wet floodplain conditions. Mean sensitivity analysis of growth rings in the stumps indicates that small-scale environmental disturbances on the floodplain, such as periodic flooding, or regional environmental disturbances, such as volcanism, disrupted wood production. The death of the woodland was probably due to waterlogging and burial by suspended sediment associated with flooding. Despite the presumed dominance of angiosperms in disturbed, riparian environments during the Late Cretaceous, this study indicates that conifers were still dominant in some subenvironments at this time and could form mature open canopy woodlands on wet unstable floodplains.
The use of paper-prototyping in a low-fidelity usability study

The Usability Laboratory at the US Census Bureau participated in the redesign effort for the American FactFinder Web site. The Web site was undergoing a major redesign in anticipation of receiving the data from the 2010 Census and making the data available to the public. To obtain user feedback on the conceptual design, the team used the technique of paper prototyping in a low-fidelity usability study. The low-fidelity study identified user problems, and the team was able to implement design recommendations quickly and easily. This article highlights the benefits of paper prototyping in low-fidelity usability testing.
Peptide Coated Quantum Dots for Biological Applications

Quantum dots (QDOTs) have been widely recognized by the scientific community and the biotechnology industry, as witnessed by the exponential growth of this field in the past several years. We describe the synthesis and characterization of visible and near infrared QDots-a critical step for engineering organic molecules like proteins and peptides for building nanocomposite materials with multifunctional properties suitable for biological applications
Characteristics of Noncultivable Adenoviruses Associated with Diarrhea in Infants: A New Subgroup of Human Adenoviruses

Virus particles morphologically resembling adenovirus were found in fecal specimens from infants and were examined for cultivability with standard cell culture techniques and for characteristics of human adenoviruses. Specimens from 13 of 15 infants could not be cultivated in cell cultures. The two adenoviruses that were cultivated, types 1 and 31, reacted in the expected manner in all tests. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis with group-specific anti-hexon serum confirmed that the observed particles in the 15 specimens were human adenoviruses. The buoyant density in sucrose of five of the noncultivable adenoviruses in original stool suspensions averaged 1.335 g/cm3 and that of the two cultivable ones averaged 1.332 g/cm3; both groups had typical adenovirus morphology by electron microscopy. Treatment of the specimens and of a variety of tissue culture cells with proteolytic and other enzymes did not improve cultivability. Examination of partially purified virus by immunoelectron microscopy did not reveal evidence of immunoglobulin A, G, or M coating on the particles, an indication that coproantibody inhibition was not the cause of noncultivability. Fluorescent-antibody studies with an antihexon conjugate and counterimmunoelectrophoresis studies of serially passaged noncultivable viruses indicated that the viruses are infecting cells but are not undergoing effective replication. Antisera to three of the noncultivable viruses demonstrated homologous reactions in counterimmunoelectrophoresis with the respective immunizing antigens but showed only low levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing activity to a few of the known human adenoviruses. We concluded that the noncultivable viruses in these infant diarrhea cases were indeed human adenoviruses, were not defective particles, were not bound to coproantibody, were infectious but incapable of effective relication in conventional cell cultures, were serologically related to types 11, 17, 32, and 33, and should be considered a new, distinct subgroup. Images
Getting out the Cut: Politics and National Forest Timber Harvests,1960-1995

To what extent do national forest policy decisions reflect a balance between the interests of environmentalists and the timber industries? National forest policy making from 1960 through 1995 was analyzed using the advocacy coalition framework developed by Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith. The authors found that forest policy shifted in a more ecologically sensitive direction beginning in the late 1980s. Changes were largely attributable to the ability of the environmental coalition to manipulate new information to influence key decision makers within Congress and to take advantage of more favorable decisional venues to overcome structural biases built into existing forest policy-making arrangements.
Movements of vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) as estimators of food resource size, density, and distribution

The effect of food resources on behavior has been difficult to measure. Here we use animals themselves to describe “effective” food abundance and distribution by comparing, relative to where individuals stopped to eat, movements of (1) adult females living in a small group of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with those living in a large group and (2) vervets and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). Although females in the large vervet group travelled farther and stopped to eat more often than females in the small vervet group, these differences resulted from foraging in Acacia drepanolobium habitat. In A. xanthophloea habitat, females in the large group travelled less far, travelled shorter distances between foods, and stopped as often as females in the small group. Greater foraging costs of females in larger vervet groups may be offset by access to home ranges of better quality. Compared to patas, vervets travelled shorter distances, moved shorter distances between food sites, stopped less often, and had longer feeding bouts, suggesting that foods of vervets are denser and larger, overall, than foods of patas. When vervets foraged in A. drepanolobium habitat, also the habitat of patas, their foraging behavior became more like that of patas. Vervets travelled farther, stopped more often, and spent less time at food sites in A. drepanolobium habitat than in A. xanthophloea habitat, suggesting that foods are smaller and less usurpable in A. drepanolobium habitat. Distance between foods, a component of food distribution, did not increase, however. The critical variable underlying usurpability of foods may be food site depletion time, a temporal measure.
A redescription of the carinate pillsnail, Euchemotrema hubrichti (Pilsbry, 1940) (Pulmonata: Polygyridae), with notes on habitat and genetics

Euchemotrema hubrichti (Pilsbry, 1940) was initially described as Stenotrema hubrichti by Pilsbry (1940). The species was known only from shell material, and it was originally thought to be extinct. Live specimens have since been found, but the soft-part anatomy, radula and jaws of E. hubrichti have never been described. This species is of substantial conservation concern, primarily due to our lack of knowledge about the species and its highly restricted distribution. We redescribe E. hubrichti based on material freshly collected from the type locality. Euchemotrema hubrichti is found at several sites in the Larue–Pine Hills Research Natural Area in Union County, Illinois, U.S.A., and is often abundant under loose slabs on the tops of relatively dry limestone outcrops. The shell of E. hubrichti differs from those of E. fraternum (Say, 1824) by its acute keel and low number of whorls. The genitalia of E. hubrichti are similar to those of S. stenotrema (Pfeiffer, 1842), but show a diagnostic penile inflation and lumenal twisting of the free oviduct. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I nucleotide sequences generated from four E. hubrichti individuals are identical, and show high similarity to available stylommatophoran sequences.
The Political Ecology of Violence: Lessons for the Mediterranean

Can population growth, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity lead to civil strife? If so, how, and under what conditions? Ever since the publication of Thomas Homer-Dixon’s (1991) article “On the Threshold” and Robert Kaplan’s (1994) piece “The Coming Anarchy”, these questions have received considerable attention from scholars and practitioners interested in international security affairs.
The Minority and Subordinate Status of African Women Under Customary Law

(1995). The Minority and Subordinate Status of African Women Under Customary Law. South African Journal on Human Rights: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 457-476.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Functionally-Graded Nanostructured Metalloceramic Coatings

A functionally graded nanocrystalline metalloceramic coating on cobalt-chrome alloy was investigated using thin film x-ray diffraction (XRD), cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoindentation, and scratch adhesion testing. The gradual transition in bonding from metallic (Cr/CrTi) near the interface to predominantly covalent (CrTiN) near the surface provides a combination of high toughness and high surface hardness. XRD analysis of the (CrTiN) coating suggests a cubic sodium chloride type phase structure with lattice parameter a = 4.2169±0.0035 A. The surface layer structure is described as a tertiary Ti-N-Cr disordered solid solution that is predominantly cubic TiN, but with some Cr atoms substituted for Ti. TEM shows a transition from equiaxed 20-40 nm-sized grains at the surface to larger, elongated columnar grains below the surface. Nanoindentation measurements of the coating result in a hardness of 27 GPa and Young’s modulus of 320 GPa. In addition, the high plasticity of 55% observed for this coating represents an increase in toughness over other ceramic coatings having similar hardness. The unique, functionally graded, smooth nanocrystalline metalloceramic coating structure provides an opportunity to reduce wear and increase longevity of total hip joint replacements.
Initial results for measuring four dimensions of narrative conflict

Conflict is an essential element of interesting stories. In previous work, we proposed a formal model of narrative conflict. We also described 7 dimensions which can be used to distinguish one conflict from another: participants, subject, duration, balance, directness, intensity, and resolution. This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to measure how well our metrics for balance, directness, intensity, and resolution predict the responses of human readers when asked to measure these same values in a set of four stories. We conclude that our metrics are able to rank stories similarly to human readers.
The unexpected mating system of the androdioecious barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758)

Androdioecy was first described by Darwin in his seminal work on barnacle diversity; he identified males and hermaphrodites in the same reproductive population. Today, we realize that many androdioecious plants and animals share astonishing similarities, particularly with regard to their evolutionary history and mating system. Notably, these species were ancestrally dioecious, and their mating system has the following characteristics: hermaphrodites self-fertilize frequently, males are more successful in large mating groups, and males have a mating advantage. A male mating advantage makes androdioecy more likely to persist over evolutionary times. Androdioecious barnacles, however, appear to persist as an outlier with a different evolutionary trajectory: they originate from hermaphroditic species. Although sexual systems of androdioecious barnacles are known, no information on the mating system of androdioecious barnacles is available. This study assessed the mating system of the androdioecious barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria. In contrast to other androdioecious species, C. testudinaria does not self-fertilize, males do not have a mating advantage over hermaphrodites, and the average mating group is quite small, averaging only three individuals. Mating success is increased by proximity to the mate and penis length. Taken together, the mating system of C. testudinaria is unusual in comparison with other androdioecious plants and animals, and the lack of a male mating advantage suggests that the mating system alone does not provide an explanation for the maintenance of androdioecy in this species. Instead, we propose that sex-specific life history equalizes male and hermaphroditic overall fitness.
Exit strategy: one that works.

Enucleation is the culmination of terminal erythroid differentiation. It results in the release of 2 million new enucleate reticulocytes into your circulation and mine each second. In this issue of Blood , Ubukawa and colleagues shed new light on the mechanism, showing that non-muscle myosin IIb is
Mediterranean Diet, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Colon Cancer

Mortality rates from colorectal cancers (CRC) have been declining due to advances in screening and diagnostic technology. However, they remain the third most common cancer diagnosis and fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.
Beta-adrenergic blockade heightens the exercise-induced increase in leucine oxidation

The purpose of this study was to assess the interaction between beta-blockade and exercise on amino acid kinetics. This was a three-way crossover experiment using beta 1-blockade, beta 1,beta 2-blo...
Protein Regulation in Signal Transduction

SUMMARYCells must respond to a diverse, complex, and ever-changing mix of signals, using a fairly limited set of parts. Changes in protein level, protein localization, protein activity, and protein-protein interactions are critical aspects of signal transduction, allowing cells to respond highly specifically to a nearly limitless set of cues and also to vary the sensitivity, duration, and dynamics of the response. Signal-dependent changes in levels of gene expression and protein synthesis play an important role in regulation of protein levels, whereas posttranslational modifications of proteins regulate their degradation, localization, and functional interactions. Protein ubiquitylation, for example, can direct proteins to the proteasome for degradation or provide a signal that regulates their interactions and/or location within the cell. Similarly, protein phosphorylation by specific kinases is a key mechanism for augmenting protein activity and relaying signals to other proteins that possess domains that recognize the phosphorylated residues.
Introduction: Scandal in an Age of Likes, Selfies, Retweets, and Sexts

The introduction provides an overview of the book and defines key terms, such as scandalous events and public and private spheres, and we explain how these concepts relate to the chapters in the book. The introduction emphasizes how digital, social, and mobile media have placed us within a very unique “scandal moment” when every private moment is potentially under surveillance due to the proximity of connected devices. In addition, this chapter provides a roadmap for the reader, offering an overview of each chapter and explaining how chapters work together to provide a seamless understanding of scandal across professional fields and institutions.
Low dose Rituximab for Preemptive Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ( TTP )

Abstract Low dose rituximab has been successful in treating some patients with autoimmune cytopenias. Recently reported data indicate preemptive rituximab may postpone hematologic relapses of TTP in patients with chronic severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. A now 22-year-old woman had multi-relapsing TTP with five episodes over the previous 10 years, three of which were successfully treated with four doses of rituximab 375 mg/m2. The most recent course in 2009 was given preemptively because intense ADAMTS13 monitoring had shown that previous hematologic relapses followed shortly after developing severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. Asymptomatic chronic IgG deficiency less than 300 mg% had followed this most recent rituximab course given in 2009. In 2014, continued intense ADAMTS13 monitering disclosed a new progressive decrease in ADAMTS13 levels from normal to severely deficient levels with a weak inhibitor, but no hematologic or clinical changes. Just two 100 mg rituximab doses have been followed by a progressive rise of ADAMTS13 levels to solidly normal values with significant improvement by day 13 post initiation and normalization by day 34. Low dose rituximab could be a viable alternative for preemptively managing TTP patients with persistently severly low ADAMTS13 levels. Disclosures Off Label Use: Off label use of rituximab to treat TTP.
Structured Reporting of Magnetic Resonance Enterography for Pediatric Crohn's Disease: Effect on Key Feature Reporting and Subjective Assessment of Disease by Referring Physicians.

Abstract Purpose To objectively compare the content of structured reports (SR) vs nonstructured reports (NSR) for magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease, and to evaluate referring clinicians' subjective assessment of reports. Methods This institutional review board–approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant retrospective study included 25 pediatric subjects (15 male, 10 female; mean age=14 years [range: 9-18 years]) with Crohn's disease imaged with MRE. Three radiologists independently interpreted all examinations using both NSR and SR, separated by 4 weeks. Reports were assessed for documentation of the presence or absence of 15 key reporting features. A total of 30 reports (15 NSR [5 per reader] and 15 SR [5 per reader]) were randomly selected for review by 3 referring physicians, who subjectively evaluated the reports independently. Results NSR documented the presence or absence of 7.7 ± 2.5 key features, whereas SR documented 14.0 ± 0.8 features ( P P P P = 0.003), and perianal disease ( P P Conclusion The use of structured reporting in describing pediatric Crohn's disease, MRE resulted in significantly increased reporting of key features. Referring clinicians also demonstrated a subjective preference for SR.
Marketing for the Teaching Artist

ABSTRACTAs teaching artists enter the field of arts education, they are faced with the challenge of distinguishing themselves in the job search—developing a digital presence is one great way to sta...
Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Mononucleosis as an Imitator of Severe Preeclampsia.

Background In pregnancy, conditions presenting with hematologic abnormalities, transaminitis, and proteinuria pose diagnostic challenges in pregnancy. Case We present the case of an 18-year-old woman, G1P0, at 33 weeks' gestation with fever of unknown cause, who developed progressively elevated liver enzymes, proteinuria, and thrombocytopenia, due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Conclusion Acute infection with EBV should be included in the differential diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features, particularly in the setting of fever. Supportive treatment and observation may prevent iatrogenic preterm birth.
Cradles and museums of Antarctic teleost biodiversity.

Isolated in one of the most extreme marine environments on Earth, teleost fish diversity in Antarctica’s Southern Ocean is dominated by one lineage: the notothenioids. Throughout the past century, the long-term persistence of this unique marine fauna has become increasingly threatened by regional atmospheric and, to a lesser extent oceanic, warming. Developing an understanding of how historical temperature shifts have shaped source–sink dynamics for Antarctica’s teleost lineages provides critical insight for predicting future demographic responses to climate change. We use a combination of phylogenetic and biogeographic modelling to show that high-latitude Antarctic nearshore habitats have been an evolutionary sink for notothenioid species diversity. Contrary to expectations from island biogeographic theory, lower latitude regions of the Southern Ocean that include the northern Antarctic Peninsula and peripheral island archipelagos act as source areas to continental diversity. These peripheral areas facilitate both the generation of new species and repeated colonization of nearshore Antarctic continental regions. Our results provide historical context to contemporary trends of global climate change that threaten to invert these evolutionary dynamics. Phylogenetic and biogeographic modelling show that high-latitude Antarctic nearshore habitats have been an evolutionary sink for species diversity of notothenioids, which dominate teleost fish diversity in the Southern Ocean.
Predicting persistent impaired glucose tolerance in patients with gestational diabetes: The role of high sensitivity CRP and adiponectin.

Background To evaluate whether maternal serum adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels at the time of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis are associated with persistent glucose intolerance in GDM women at 6 to 12 weeks postpartum. Methods This is a secondary analysis of prospective randomized trial of GDM women enrolled in a behaviour education programme. Women with a GDM diagnosis ≥20 weeks were included. At the time of randomization, serum adiponectin and hsCRP levels were drawn. After delivery, women underwent a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 6 to 12 weeks postpartum. Persistent impaired glucose tolerance (P-IGT) was defined as impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regression models and receiver operator curves were used to evaluate the association between midpregnancy adiponectin and hsCRP and persistent impaired glucose tolerance. Results Of 100 women in the trial, 63 completed postpartum glucose testing. Twenty (31.7%) of the women had P-IGT. Median hsCRP levels were higher at randomization (22-34 wk) in women with persistent impaired glucose tolerance compared with women with normal glucose tolerance (5.1 vs 3.8, P = .01). After adjustment for the original study intervention, the association between hsCRP and P-IGT persisted (odds ratio, 3.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-8.92; P = .01) and had good diagnostic performance with an area under the curve of 0.73. There was no difference in median adiponectin levels between groups (44.8 vs 52.0, P = .57) or in odds of P-IGT (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-1.99; P = .65), and area under the curve = 0.54. Conclusions Midpregnancy high sensitivity CRP is a potential predictor of persistent impaired glucose tolerance diagnosed on the postpartum 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in GDM women in the immediate postpartum period. Further investigation is needed in a larger population of women prior to using specific cut-offs for diagnostic purposes. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in the immediate postpartum period should be seen as an adjunct, not a replacement, for the standard long-term screening of women with a history of a GDM pregnancy.
Passive control of transonic flutter with a nonlinear energy sink

Among different control approaches, the nonlinear energy sink has been proposed as an effective strategy for passive flutter control toward expanding the flight envelope of aircraft. We validate and introduce the capability for coupling the NES within OpenFOAM to simulate and evaluate its usability in controlling transonic flutter. Particular attention is paid to the extent to which variations in the parameters of the sink impact regions of complete and partial suppression. The results show that in the region of complete suppression the nonlinear energy sink may cause the wing to assume a new equilibrium position, in terms of mean value of the oscillations. In the region of partial suppression, the response is dependent on the initial conditions that may lead to multiple pitch and plunge frequencies or potentially a chaotic response.
Update on Methadone Maintenance

Narcotic substitution therapy, of which methadone maintenance is the most prominent example, was first introduced by Dole and Nyswander (1965). Methadone very quickly came into wide use for the treatment of opioid dependence and it has continued to be one of the most commonly used treatments. Much additional investigative work has been done since methadone maintenance began and this work has been conducted in diverse areas. These include evaluation of treatment outcome; descriptive studies of the behavioral and psychiatric disorders seen in methadone-maintained addicts; evaluation of ancillary treatments that may improve outcome, particularly those treatments that affect the psychiatric disorders of methadone-maintained patients; development of instruments to measure the spectrum of problems seen in opioid addicts; studies of the value of matching specific types of patients to specific ancillary treatments; testing the efficacy of maintenance drugs other than methadone; reviewing the outcome of patients treated with high versus low methadone doses; studying various methods of methadone detoxification; and evaluating the effects of opioid dependence and methadone treatment on neonates.