cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beta Process Sparse Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Music.

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been widely used for discovering physically meaningful latent components in audio signals to facilitate source separation. Most of the existing NMF algorithms require that the number of latent components is provided a priori, which is not always possible. In this paper, we leverage developments from the Bayesian nonparametrics and compressive sensing literature to propose a probabilistic Beta Process Sparse NMF (BP-NMF) model, which can automatically infer the proper number of latent components based on the data. Unlike previous models, BP-NMF explicitly assumes that these latent components are often completely silent. We derive a novel mean-field variational inference algorithm for this nonconjugate model and evaluate it on both synthetic data and real recordings on various tasks.
Accelerated Recovery Within Standardized Recovery Pathways After Esophagectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study Assessing the Effects of Early Discharge on Outcomes, Readmissions, Patient Satisfaction, and Costs.

Background After esophagectomy, some patients exceed targeted discharge goal within enhanced recovery after surgery programs. This study reviews the demographics, outcomes, cost, readmission rates, and patient satisfaction for the accelerated recovery (AR) group. Methods Between 2010 and 2013, 137 consecutive esophagectomy patients were compared according to the length of hospital stay: AR 5 to 6 days, targeted recovery (TR) 7 to 8 days, and delayed recovery (DR) 9 days or more. Results The AR patients increased from 3% to 46% during the study period. The AR patients were younger, but all groups were comparable regarding comorbidities (Charlson, American Society of Anesthesiologists, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score), cancer stage, and treatment approach. The AR patients were more likely to have neoadjuvant therapy, shorter operations, and less blood loss. The DR patients were more likely to have complications (40% AR versus 45% TR versus 90% DR, p Conclusions Accelerated recovery is achievable in a significant proportion of patients undergoing esophagectomy. Accelerated recovery is associated with decreased treatment costs but does not lead to increased readmissions or decreased patient satisfaction. Enhanced recovery after surgery programs should be designed to accommodate patients appropriate for AR.
Prognostics Using an Adaptive Self-Cognizant Dynamic System Approach

Prognostics and health management is an emerging engineering technology that has been applied to a large variety of engineering systems to improve system's reliability. However, existing prognostics approaches have been developed largely based upon specific applications and system models, thus possess limited general applicability. This paper presents a generic data-driven prognostics method, namely an adaptive self-cognizant dynamic system (ASDS) approach, that integrates adaptive system recognition with a general state space-based dynamic system model for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction. The developed approach formulates a statistical learning framework with three core attributes: 1) a state-space-based dynamic system approach for the system performance modeling in general, 2) a data-driven method to learn time-series degradation performance of an engineering system, and 3) a Bayesian technique for self-updating of data-driven models to adapt to the operational or environmental changes. With the developed ASDS approach, the prognostics technique can eliminate the dependence on system specific models and be adaptive to system performance changes due to degradation or variation of system operational conditions, thereby yielding accurate RUL predictions. The developed methodology is applied to two engineering case studies to demonstrate its effectiveness.
1973: Why Productivity is Important

In recent months productivity has almost become a household word in view of the wider understanding that (1) long-term growth in productivity is a key to greater real income, and (2) productivity gains enhance the prospect for containing inflation. What are the facts underlying these propositions?
Multimedia Networking: Wireless broadband and quality of service

With the gradual paradigm shift from analog to digital media, from push-based media broadcasting to pull-based media streaming, and from wired interconnectivity to wireless interconnectivity, wireless broadband access with provisioned quality of service (QoS) for digital multimedia applications to mobile end users over wide area networks is the new frontier of the telecommunications industry. The shift from wired to wireless Internet is also coming as a strong wave. The great success of broadband wireline services (either based on cable or DSL interconnectivity) and short-range portable wireless data services (based on Wi-Fi) has created a strong consumer demand for wireless broadband Internet anytime and anywhere. Wireless technology describes telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves carry the signal over part of or the entire communication path without cables. Wireless broadband is an extension of point-to-point wireless communication for the delivery of highspeed and high-capacity pipe that can be used for voice, multimedia, and Internet access services. Though there are many technologies available for providing broadband wireless access to the Internet, the main focus is on 3G, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX owing to their potential benefits (see Figure 9.1). The wireless LAN (WLAN or the so-called Wi-Fi standards [1]) technologies IEEE 802.11a/b/g and the next generation very-high-data-rate (>200Mbps) IEEE 802.11n are being deployed everywhere for Internet access (the so-called hotspot) with very affordable installation costs. Almost all newly shipped computer products and more and more consumer electronics also come with WLAN receivers for Internet access. To provide mobility support for Internet access, cellular-based technologies such as 3G networking [2] [3] are being deployed aggressively with more and more multimedia application services from the traditional telecommunication carriers.
Triple-drug immunosuppression with steroid discontinuation by six months after heart transplantation

BACKGROUND Triple-drug immunosuppression with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone is associated with complications which might be reduced by steroid withdrawal. METHODS In two groups of heart transplant recipients maintained on an identical regimen of cyclosporine and azathioprine, prednisone was withdrawn in group I patients (n = 35) by 6 months after transplantation, whereas in group II patients (n = 49) prednisone was never discontinued. RESULTS Survival was similar in the two groups. The incidence of acute graft rejection was significantly higher in group I (54%) than in group II (12%), whereas infective complications were significantly lower in group I than in group II (0.63 versus 1.02 episode/patient). The degree of posttransplantation weight gain, lipid abnormalities, and incidence of hypertension were not modified by the fast tapering of prednisone, whereas the incidence of cataract and compression fracture and the degree of bone loss were significantly reduced in group I. Graft function and incidence of coronary artery disease were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that prednisone can be safely withdrawn in heart transplant recipients without jeopardizing survival and graft function. Longer follow-up is needed to assess the full impact of early withdrawal of steroids from triple-drug immunosuppression, especially on long-term graft function and incidence of coronary artery disease. Benefits of early steroid withdrawal included a reduction in bone loss, which might ultimately have a major positive impact on the extent of long-term rehabilitation and exercise tolerance after heart transplantation.
Keynotes and plenary: Keynote #1: “Be Careful: I can read your mind”

This is one of the ultimate goals of the “Brain Initiative” which may be real by 2030. In general, to be able to control our surrounding world by the power of our mind, to control the artificial limbs by our thoughts, and to read people's brain is a dream and it is an exciting one. Brain Computer/Machine Interface (BCI/BMI)is one of the enabling technology towards these goals. We have designed and developed BCI chips that can overcome the main challenges of interfacing with human brain, mainly: low bandwidth communication, small chip area, low power and low heat dissipation, and tolerant to noise. This new chip is based on spike sorting. It is implemented in 0.5 um CMOS technology. Probably, the more reflective title of this talk is “Brain on Silicon”. Finally, a case study of early prediction, warning, and detection of epilepsy seizure using the developed chip will be illustrated.
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to rectal Dieulafoy's lesion.

Dieulafoy’s lesion is a relatively rare but serious cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. It usually involves the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, it has recently been reported in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract, including the rectum. Here, we report the case of a female patient who presented with fresh bleeding per rectum for 1 day with low hemoglobin level. Colonoscopy revealed an actively bleeding rectal Dieulafoy’s lesion which was successfully treated with a clip. To our knowledge, there have been few reported cases of lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by Dieulafoy’s lesion in the rectum.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque at Clinically Relevant Field Strengths (1T) by Targeting the Integrin α4β1

Inflammation drives the degradation of atherosclerotic plaque, yet there are no non-invasive techniques available for imaging overall inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in the coronary arteries. To address this, we have developed a clinically relevant system to image overall inflammatory cell burden in plaque. Here, we describe a targeted contrast agent (THI0567-targeted liposomal-Gd) that is suitable for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and binds with high affinity and selectivity to the integrin α4β1(very late antigen-4, VLA-4), a key integrin involved in recruiting inflammatory cells to atherosclerotic plaques. This liposomal contrast agent has a high T1 relaxivity (~2 × 105 mM−1s−1 on a particle basis) resulting in the ability to image liposomes at a clinically relevant MR field strength. We were able to visualize atherosclerotic plaques in various regions of the aorta in atherosclerosis-prone ApoE−/− mice on a 1 Tesla small animal MRI scanner. These enhanced signals corresponded to the accumulation of monocyte/macrophages in the subendothelial layer of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo, whereas non-targeted liposomal nanoparticles did not demonstrate comparable signal enhancement. An inflammatory cell-targeted method that has the specificity and sensitivity to measure the inflammatory burden of a plaque could be used to noninvasively identify patients at risk of an acute ischemic event.
Abstract B33: CRISPR/Cas9 generation of Ret and Ntrk1 fusion oncogenes and novel in vitro sgRNA screening method

Chromosomal rearrangements of ALK, RET, ROS1, and NTRK1 collectively represent approximately 10% of oncogenic drivers in lung adenocarcinoma. These rearrangements result in the aberrant expression and constitutive activation of a chimeric fusion kinase, which promotes growth, proliferation and survival of the cancer cell. CRISPR/Cas9 technology can now be employed to generate these chromosomal rearrangements both in vitro and in vivo. sgRNAs can be designed to target the Cas9 endonuclease to introns within the 5′ and 3′ gene partners of the rearrangement. A unique advantage of this approach is that it is compatible with immunocompetent mouse models. We have developed a novel in vitro screening strategy to identify sgRNAs that successfully generated the intended rearrangements. Ba/F3 cells are a murine B-cell cell line whose proliferation is normally dependent on the exogenous addition of the cytokine interleukin 3 (IL3), but can be rendered IL3 independent if an oncogenic alteration is introduced. We hypothesized that IL3-independence in Ba/F3 cells could be used as a method to select for cells that had successfully created chromosomal rearrangements leading to oncogenic fusions. This strategy eliminates the need for single cell cloning to confirm that successful CRISPR genome editing has occurred. We transfected Ba/F3 cells with pairs of sgRNAs within the PX330 Cas9 containing plasmid and then withdrew IL3. Cells that became IL3 independent were tested for rearrangements. Using this screening system, we successfully generated Kif5b-Ret, Trim24-Ret, and Tpm3-Ntrk1 rearrangements in Ba/F3 cells. These rearrangements were confirmed using PCR or RT-PCR and sequencing using fusion-specific primers. Additionally, the Ret rearrangements and Ntrk1 rearrangements were far more sensitive to RET and TRK inhibitors, respectively, than parental Ba/F3 cells, further confirming that the Ba/F3 cells9 growth was now dependent on signaling from the fusion kinase. RET protein expression was also detected with Western blotting in the two Ret rearranged Ba/F3 cell lines. Our future plans are to introduce adenovirus containing validated sgRNAs into immune-competent mice, and confirm that they generate tumors with the intended rearrangements. Citation Format: Laura Schubert, Anh T. Le, Stephen P. Malkoski, Raphael Nemenoff, Robert C. Doebele. CRISPR/Cas9 generation of Ret and Ntrk1 fusion oncogenes and novel in vitro sgRNA screening method [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B33.
Relationship Between Temporal and Spatial Resolution for a Constellation of GNSS-R Satellites

Constellations of GNSS-R satellites improve the coverage of regions of interest by repeating measurements in a shorter period of time than with a single spacecraft. However, the temporal and spatial resolution of the samples are dependent on each other. Detecting short time scale changes is generally done with coarser spatial resolution. Likewise, detailed observations of a region with small-scale features require longer intervals of time between observations. This study demonstrates the relationship between temporal and spatial resolution and its dependence on key mission design parameters such as the number of satellites, the number of orbit planes, and their inclination.
Origami mechanologic

Robots autonomously interact with their environment through a continual sense–decide–respond control loop. Most commonly, the decide step occurs in a central processing unit; however, the stiffness mismatch between rigid electronics and the compliant bodies of soft robots can impede integration of these systems. We develop a framework for programmable mechanical computation embedded into the structure of soft robots that can augment conventional digital electronic control schemes. Using an origami waterbomb as an experimental platform, we demonstrate a 1-bit mechanical storage device that writes, erases, and rewrites itself in response to a time-varying environmental signal. Further, we show that mechanical coupling between connected origami units can be used to program the behavior of a mechanical bit, produce logic gates such as AND, OR, and three input majority gates, and transmit signals between mechanologic gates. Embedded mechanologic provides a route to add autonomy and intelligence in soft robots and machines.
Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells for Myocardial Regeneration and Angiogenesis

Limitations of revascularization for ischemic heart disease include incompleteness of revascularization, even for surgical revascularization, especially for calcified lesions in distal segments of small-caliber vessels. Revascularization has not been shown to regenerate functional, viable myocardium from scarred and infarcted myocardium. Previous alternatives to revascularization such as transmyocardial laser revascularization, gene therapy, and orthotopic heart transplantation also have many disadvantages that limit their use in high-risk patients such as those with recent myocardial infarction and advanced heart failure.
Expanding rural cellular networks with virtual coverage

The cellular system is the world's largest network, providing service to over five billion people. Operators of these networks face fundamental trade-offs in coverage, capacity and operating power. These trade-offs, when coupled with the reality of infrastructure in poorer areas, mean that upwards of a billion people lack access to this fundamental service. Limited power infrastructure, in particular, hampers the economic viability of wide-area rural coverage. In this work, we present an alternative system for implementing large-scale rural cellular networks. Rather than providing constant coverage, we instead provide virtual coverage: coverage that is only present when requested. Virtual coverage powers the network on-demand, which reduces overall power draw, lowers the cost of rural connectivity, and enables new markets. We built a prototype cellular system utilizing virtual coverage by modifying a GSM base station and a set of Motorola phones to support making and receiving calls under virtual coverage. To support the billions of already-deployed devices, we also implemented a small radio capable of adding backwards-compatible support for virtual coverage to existing GSM handsets. We demonstrate a maximum of 84% power and cost savings from using virtual coverage. We also evaluated virtual coverage by simulating the potential power savings on real-world cellular networks in two representative developing counties: one in sub-Saharan Africa and one in South Asia. Simulating power use based on realworld call records obtained from local mobile operators, we find our system saves 21-34% of power draw at night, and 7-21% during the day. We expect even more savings in areas currently off the grid. These results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing such a system, particularly in areas with solar or otherwise-intermittent power sources.
Modulation of Oncogenes with Preactivated Compounds

In previous chapters we have described the antitumor and antiviral properties of novel compounds discovered via the application of the process of preactivation. The studies of the mechanism of action of these compounds have also been summarized. In this concluding chapter, data from ongoing studies related to the effect of preactivated merocyanine 540 (pMC540) on the modulation of selected oncogenes will be discussed.
Kinetic Modeling of Metabolic Networks

In the last decade, genome-scale stoichiometric models have played an increasing role in understanding metabolism under steady state. In order to study metabolic response to perturbation at timescales before a steady state is reached, however, a more explicit kinetic model must be developed. While kinetic models of metabolism have been around for longer than their stoichiometric counterparts, progress towards practical and useful kinetics models of metabolism has been slower, due to the difficulty of specifying necessary parameters. However, the increased ability to measure metabolomics and proteomics profiles in high throughput may soon make accurate kinetic models of metabolism a reality. In this chapter, we review theoretical concepts useful for developing kinetic models of metabolism, practical difficulties with constructing such models, and methods that have been developed in an effort to circumvent these difficulties.
Token economy to improve adherence to activities of daily living

BACKGROUND Participation in key activities of daily living (ADL), including daily bathing, physical activity, and oral hygiene, can decrease the risk of bloodstream infections, oral complications, and deconditioning in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, many patients fail to perform ADL during their inpatient stay. To improve inpatient adherence to ADL, we tested a token economy to engage patients, families, and the clinical team in improving adherence to these important health behaviors during this critical time. METHODS We used a controlled before-after study design to test our hypothesis. All patients were prescribed three ADL. We used an "all or none" measurement for each component of the ADL 1-2-3 initiative to measure adherence. HSCT patients with poor ADL adherence (<20%) were eligible to receive the intervention, which consisted of rewarding patients through an ADL via a token economy. RESULTS Twenty-one patients participated in the study. ADL adherence for the 14 days prior to intervention in study subjects (n = 294 inpatient days) averaged 0.51 ADL per day (95% CI 0.45-0.57). In the 14 days postinitiation of the token economy intervention (n = 294 inpatient days), the average adherence was 2.5 ADL per day (95% CI 2.4-2.5; P = <0.001). DISCUSSION Positive reinforcement through a token economy system is associated with improved adherence to ADL in hospitalized pediatric patients who demonstrated poor ADL adherence at baseline. We believe this intervention can positively impact adherence to targeted health behaviors with the ability to correlate with improved health outcomes.
Engineers of Jihad: The Curious Connection between Violent Extremism and Education

Students of violent Islamist groups, like myself, have often noticed the overrepresentation of engineers, and to some extent also of medical doctors, among their members. Until this book was publis...
Las Cumbres Observatory: Networking people and telescopes for science and education

We describe how Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) works with groups across the world, to provide structured and supported astronomy education projects using LCO images and data. Building on the success of this pilot programme we are now issuing an open call for new education partners through an annual call, beginning December 2017.
Mechanism-Based Modeling of Tumor Growth and Treatment Response Constrained by Multiparametric Imaging Data

Multiparametric imaging is a critical tool in the noninvasive study and assessment of cancer. Imaging methods have evolved over the past several decades to provide quantitative measures of tumor and healthy tissue characteristics related to, for example, cell number, blood volume fraction, blood flow, hypoxia, and metabolism. Mechanistic models of tumor growth also have matured to a point where the incorporation of patient-specific measures could provide clinically relevant predictions of tumor growth and response. In this review, we identify and discuss approaches that use multiparametric imaging data, including diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and [18F]fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography to initialize and calibrate mechanistic models of tumor growth and response. We focus the discussion on brain and breast cancers; however, we also identify three emerging areas of application in kidney, pancreatic, and lung cancers. We conclude with a discussion of the future directions for incorporating multiparametric imaging data and mechanistic modeling into clinical decision making for patients with cancer.
Assessment of relationship addiction

The purpose of this paper is to propose an assessment tool for relationship addiction, a behavioral addiction similar to other behavioral addictions such as gambling. The paper is meant to further ...
Innovative Approaches to Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement

Mitral valve disease is the most common valvular disorder worldwide. Mitral stenosis rates have been declining, but mitral regurgitation remains the most common valvular disease in the United States. Medical therapy has a limited role in the treatment of mitral valve disorders, and surgery with either valve repair or replacement remains the mainstay of treatment. A thorough understanding of the complex mitral valve apparatus, pathophysiology of the valve, echocardiographic findings, and grading classification of regurgitation and stenosis are all essential to guiding optimal patient management and, ultimately, surgical care.
Integrated proteogenetic analysis reveals the landscape of a mitochondrial-autophagosome synapse during PARK2-dependent mitophagy.

The PINK1 protein kinase activates the PARK2 ubiquitin ligase to promote mitochondrial ubiquitylation and recruitment of ubiquitin-binding mitophagy receptors typified by OPTN and TAX1BP1. Here, we combine proximity biotinylation of OPTN and TAX1BP1 with CRISPR-Cas9–based screens for mitophagic flux to develop a spatial proteogenetic map of PARK2-dependent mitophagy. Proximity labeling of OPTN allowed visualization of a “mitochondrial-autophagosome synapse” upon mitochondrial depolarization. Proximity proteomics of OPTN and TAX1BP1 revealed numerous proteins at the synapse, including both PARK2 substrates and autophagy components. Parallel mitophagic flux screens identified proteins with roles in autophagy, vesicle formation and fusion, as well as PARK2 targets, many of which were also identified via proximity proteomics. One protein identified in both approaches, HK2, promotes assembly of a high–molecular weight complex of PINK1 and phosphorylation of ubiquitin in response to mitochondrial damage. This work provides a resource for understanding the spatial and molecular landscape of PARK2-dependent mitophagy.
Generating EEG signals of an RSVP Experiment by a Class Conditioned Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network

Electroencephalography (EEG) data is difficult to obtain due to complex experimental setups and reduced comfort due to prolonged wearing. This poses challenges to train powerful deep learning model due to the limited EEG data. Hence, being able to generate EEG data computationally is highly desirable. We propose a novel Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with gradient penalty (cWGAN-GP) that can be trained to synthesize EEG data for different cognitive events. This network addresses several modeling challenges, including frequency artifacts and training instability. The proposed GAN model is tested to generate one channel EEG data for the rapid serial visual presentation. We demonstrated the validity of the generated samples using several evaluation metrics and show that the synthesized EEG data can augment the real EEG data to achieve improved event classification performance.
1-(4-Decyl­phenyl)­pyridin-4(1H)-one

The title compound, C21H29NO, forms infinite one-dimensional molecular chains via weak C—H⋯O interactions. The hydrogen bonding may preclude the formation of π–π interactions.
Comparison of needle arthroscopy, traditional arthroscopy, and computed tomography for the evaluation of medial coronoid disease in the canine elbow

Author(s): Hersh-Boyle, Rebecca A; Chou, Po-Yen; Kapatkin, Amy S; Spriet, Mathieu; Filliquist, Barbro; Garcia, Tanya C; Marcellin-Little, Denis J | Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of still images of needle arthroscopy (SNAR), still images of traditional arthroscopy (STAR), and computed tomography (CT) to diagnose medial coronoid process (MCP) pathology.Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsDogs (nn=n17) presented for evaluation of elbow dysplasia.MethodsFor each case, two SNAR and STAR images of the MCP were reviewed independently and in random order by three board-certified surgeons. Computed tomographic images were reviewed by one board-certified radiologist. Reviewers were blinded to surgical and clinical findings. Surgical findings from real-time TAR with palpation were used as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and concordance statistics tests for the diagnostic accuracy of MCP fissure, MCP fragment, medial compartment condition, and cartilage score were calculated.ResultsImages of 27 elbows joints were reviewed. For MCP fissure detection, areas under the ROC curves for CT (0.84), STAR (0.73), and SNAR (0.57) did not differ. For the detection of MCP fragment, STAR had a larger area under the ROC curve (0.93) compared with SNAR (0.74, Pn=n.015) and CT (0.54, P l .001). Still images of TAR and SNAR had comparable concordance for cartilage score (0.80 and 0.77, respectively) and medial compartment pathology (0.80 and 0.73, respectively).ConclusionStill images of NAR, STAR, and CT had similar diagnostic value to identify MCP fissures. Still images of TAR was superior to SNAR and CT to identify MCP fragments.Clinical significanceThe diagnostic accuracy of SNAR varied on the basis of the coronoid lesion being evaluated.
Cheerleaders’ Antitrust Tactic Less than Rousing so Far

A group of former NFL cheerleaders filed a lawsuit against the league in early 2017 alleging underpayment along with a conspiracy claim that the NFL prohibits the cheerleaders from seeking employment with other professional cheerleading teams and discussing their earnings with each other.
The dialectic of digital culture: edited by David Arditi and Jennifer Miller, Lanham, Lexington Books, 2019, ix+230 pp., US$95.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-4985-8986-4

Digital technologies have deeply permeated social life in the twenty-first century, ushering in both hope around new human capacities and disappointment when these technologies reinscribe oppressiv...
Big Data Analytics in Social Media: A Triple T (Types, Techniques, and Taxonomy) Study

Society 2.0; with the help of recent advancements in the internet and web 2.0 technology, makes the social media-based platform the most popular source for big data research. Big Data Analytics contributes by adjusting, analyzing, and forecasting insightful recommendations from this huge source of noisy & mostly unstructured “Big Social Data”. We present 10 mostly used big data analytics in the working domain of social media-based platforms. Different popular techniques or algorithms related to each big data analytic are also listed in this study. We show that “Text Analytics” is the most popular big data analytics in social media data analysis. Through this research, we try to explain the 10 Bigs of big data and introduce the “Sunflower Model of Big Data”. We also explain the reason why the social media-based platform is so significant and popular source of big data by analyzing the most recent statistics. This study will be a handful for all other researchers who want to work with big data in social media and in advance; make their work easy for selecting the best big data analytics method suitable for their research work.
Approaches for predicting wind turbine hub-height turbulence metrics

Abstract. Hub-height turbulence is essential for a variety of wind energy applications, ranging from wind plant siting to wind turbine control strategies. Because deploying hub-height meteorological towers can be a challenge, alternative ways to estimate hub-height turbulence are desired. In this paper, we assess to what degree hub-height turbulence can be estimated via other hub-height variables or ground-level atmospheric measurements in complex terrain, using observations from three meteorological towers at the Perdigao and WFIP2 field campaigns. We find a large variability across the three considered towers when trying to model hub-height turbulence intensity (TI) and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) from hub-height or near-surface measurements of either wind speed, TI, or TKE. Moreover, we find that based on the characteristics of the specific site, atmospheric stability and upwind fetch either determine a significant variability in hub-height turbulence or are not a main driver of the variability in hub-height TI and TKE. Our results highlight how hub-height turbulence is simultaneously sensitive to numerous different factors, so that no simple and universal relationship can be determined to vertically extrapolate turbulence from near-surface measurements, or model it from other hub-height variables when considering univariate relationships. We suggest that a multivariate approach should instead be considered, possibly leveraging the capabilities of machine learning nonlinear algorithms.
Remaining true to one’s identity

The ability to remain true to cellular identity and function is lost during aging and carcinogenesis when DNA damage triggers inflammation that progressively erodes homeostatic cues. Shalabi et al. show that these losses are accelerated in patients with germline cancer mutations in DNA repair genes and are independent of chronological age.
Neuroscience applications of functional MRI

Abstract Over the past nearly 30 years, functional MRI (fMRI) has transformed the way in which we study the brain non-invasively, allowing neuroscientists to tackle questions that previously could only be addressed by means of invasive electrophysiology, and which had thus remained elusive. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of some of the main applications of fMRI to neuroscience. We will cover fMRI experimental strategies to provide the reader with an understanding of how to apply this incredible tool to study the brain non-invasively. We will also briefly touch on state-of-the-art developments, some of which may also have the potential to significantly impact the way we tackle human neuroscience moving forward.
Timing of treatment with an endogenous opioid alters immune response and spinal cord pathology in female mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that primarily affects women during the second or third decade of life. The mechanism is hypothesized to involve unregulated peripheral inflammation resulting in blood-brain barrier damage, and eventual axonal damage and demyelination. Based on this understanding, the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), often is utilized to study lymphocyte activation. Therapeutic paradigms of exogenous opioid growth factor (OGF) or low-dose naltrexone (LDN) treatment can modulate EAE, but little is reported regarding OGF or LDN effects on peripheral inflammation, microglia activation, and/or macrophage proliferation. Moreover, little is known about differential responses to LDN or OGF relative to the duration and timing of treatment. Utilizing a female mouse model of EAE, two treatment regimens were established to investigate differences between prophylactic treatment and traditional therapy initiated at the time of disease presentation. Prophylactic OGF or LDN treatment delayed the onset of behavior, suppressed neutrophil replication, and curtailed lymphocyte proliferation which ultimately improved behavioral outcome. Traditional therapy with OGF or LDN reversed behavioral deficits, restored OGF and IL-17 serum levels, and inhibited microglial activation within 8 days. Reduced serum OGF levels in untreated EAE mice correlated with increased microglia activation within lumbar spinal cords. Both treatment regimens of OGF or LDN reduced activated microglia, whereas only prophylactic treatment prevented CNS macrophage aggregation. These data demonstrate that the timing of LDN or OGF treatment initiation alters outcomes and can prevent or reverse behavioral deficits, cytokine activation, and spinal cord pathology.
Foundations of Tensor Analysis for Students of Physics and Engineering With an Introduction to the Theory of Relativity

Tensor analysis is one of the more abstruse, even if one of the more useful, higher math subjects enjoined by students of physics and engineering. It is abstruse because of the intellectual gap that exists between where most physics and engineering mathematics leave off and where tensor analysis traditionally begins. It is useful because of its great generality, computational power, and compact, easy to use, notation. This paper bridges the intellectual gap. It is divided into three parts: algebra, calculus, and relativity. Algebra: In tensor analysis, coordinate independent quantities are sought for applications in physics and engineering. Coordinate independence means that the quantities have such coordinate transformations as to leave them invariant relative to a particular observer s coordinate system. Calculus: Non-zero base vector derivatives contribute terms to dynamical equations that correspond to pseudoaccelerations in accelerated coordinate systems and to curvature or gravity in relativity. These derivatives have a specific general form in tensor analysis. Relativity: Spacetime has an intrinsic geometry. Light is the tool for investigating that geometry. Since the observed geometry of spacetime cannot be made to match the classical geometry of Euclid, Einstein applied another more general geometry differential geometry. The merger of differential geometry and cosmology was accomplished in the theory of relativity. In relativity, gravity is equivalent to curvature.
A Survey of Cascades with Applications from Geosciences

Our basic objective in this paper is to provide a mostly expository introduction to the salient mathematical features of cascades with some indication of their role in applications of interest in the geosciences. References to more comprehensive treatments are provided along the way.
The analytic computability of the Shannon transform for a large class of random matrix channels

We define a class of “algebraic” random matrix channels for wh ich one can generically compute the limiting Shannon transform using numerical techniques and often enumerate the low SNR series expansion coefficients in closed form. We describe this clas s, the coefficient enumeration techniques and compare theory with simulations.
Hexagonal magnetite nanoprisms: preparation, characterization and cellular uptake

The capacity of iron oxide nanocrystals to heat tissue when subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF hyperthermia) is shape-selective. Although iron oxide nanostructures with numerous shapes have been synthesized to date, hexagonal Fe3O4 prisms of low toxicity remained elusive. Here, we report the use of a dual ligand system permitting feasible reaction conditions to synthesize nearly perfect hexagonal Fe3O4 nanoplatelet structures, with edge length of 45 ± 5 nm and thickness of 5 to 6 nm. Their Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is >750 W g(Fe)−1. The Fe3O4 hexagons were coated with a dopamine-based ligand to increase dispersibility in aqueous buffers. The Fe3O4 hexagons were only minimally toxic to RAW264.7 cells, which can be utilized in cell-based cancer targeting approaches.
The effect of pressure on the absorption edge in heavy-metal halides☆

Abstract The effect of pressure has been measured on the absorption edge of ten heavy-metal halides. In general, a large decrease in the gap is obtained with increasing pressure. The differences between the data on thallous halides and previous data on AgCl and AgBr are explained tentatively in terms of differences in band structure postulated by Seitz and Martienssen . Compounds which crystallize in the same lattice show closely similar shifts with pressure (or density) regardless of the halide involved. HgI 2 returns to the high-temperature form above 13,000 atm at room temperature, as has been previously noted by Bridgman .
NEW ROLE FOR SERUM FERRITIN (SF) IN IRON METABOLISM

This study was designed to determine the origin of SF and its turnover in the rat and in man. The concentration of SF was measured by radioimmunoassay. 59Fe in SF during kinetic studies was measured after ultracentrifugal fractionation of plasma on a sucrose gradient, based on the greater molecular weight of ferritin compared with other iron containing components. After injection of heat-treated 59Fe-RBC in rats, peak labelling of SF fraction was at 30 min; other 59Fe in plasma, primarily transferrin-bound, was maximally labelled at 2 h. No labelling of the SF fraction was detected after injection of 59Fe-transferrin in man or in the rat or after 59Fe-hemoglobin-haptoglobin in the rat. Purified rat liver 59Fe-ferritin, injected intravenously in the rat, was removed by the liver at an exponential rate with a half-life of 4 min. The turnover of SF in man was estimated by an unusual approach, based on an 8-fold higher concentration in the newborn compared with the adult. SF concentration was measured in 10 ml increments of blood removed during 1.5 - 2.0 volume exchange transfusions of the newborn for hyperbilirubinemia. The decrease in serum SF during the 1 h exchanges was slow and of small magnitude. The rate of synthesis of SF was computed to correspond to a half-life as short as 5 min. The rapid turnover of iron in SF, compared with transferrin iron, suggests a quantitatively important role for SF in the transport of iron from the RE cell to the liver.
Direct visualization of living organ of Corti and studies of its extracellular fluids.

Occlusion of all or parts of any of the three separate capillary systems supplying the organ of Corti and its related tissues could result in different audiometric symptoms; however, little is known about the functional relationship between these capillaries and the tissues, so a series of experiments has been carried out to provide some data. Sometime ago we reported an experiment that demonstrated a different role for the capillaries of the stria vascularis than for those underlying the osseous spiral lamina and basilar membrane. These latter capillaries care for the immediate demands of the organ of Corti. Probably the greatest handicap to more complete research has been the inability to observe the cells, spaces, and capillaries of the organ of Corti in the living state. This paper describes an approach to the inner ear of the guinea pig that provides a view of the sensory area without injuring essential capillaries. By means of a surgical approach to the round window a bit of bony promontory is removed to expose the basilar membrane. Removal of the stapes allows light from a cool fiber optics source to reflect from the walls of the vestibule to reveal the cells and spaces of the organ of Corti. Under this direct visualization, electrodes to monitor dc resting potentials or to measure oxygen concentrations are placed in the extracellular spaces. A motion picture shows the technique. Experiments that determined the boundaries of the organ of Corti fluids and capillaries that provide oxygen to these spaces and subsequently to the sensory cells are reviewed. The tectorial membrane seals the fluids of the organ of Corti spaces including the inner sulcus from endolymph, and the spiral vessels provide oxygen to these fluids. Occlusion of the spiral capillaries causes a relatively rapid degeneration of the organ of Corti in that region, whereas occlusion to capillaries of the spiral ligament and its structures may produce altered function of the organ of Corti and perhaps its degeneration over a longer period of time.
Performance of cache-based multiprocessors

A possible design alternative to improve the performance of a multiprocessor system is to insert a private cache between each processor and the shared memory. The caches act as high-speed buffers, reducing the memory access time, and affect the delays caused by memory conflicts. In this paper, we study the performance of a multiprocessor system with caches. The shared memory is pipelined and interleaved to improve the block transfer rate, and assumes an L-M organization, previously studied under random word access. An approximate model is developed to estimate the processor utilization and the speedup improvement provided by the caches. These two parameters are essential to a cost-effective design. An example of a design is treated to illustrate the usefulness of this investigation.
How effective are pharmacologic treatments for women with hirsutism

Hirsutism is a common problem that can have profound implications for quality of life and psychological wellbeing. Various nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies are available to manage excess hair. In this Practice Point commentary, I discuss the results of a systematic review, which assessed the relative efficacy of several commonly used pharmacologic agents for the treatment of hirsutism. Koulouri and Conway identified 28 randomized controlled trials of 6 months' duration that assessed four interventions: modulators of metabolism, oral contraceptive pills, antiandrogens, and combination therapy. All treatment options significantly improved the main outcome measure (Ferriman–Gallwey score). Obesity was found to negatively affect treatment efficacy, suggesting that lifestyle modification could represent an important component of the treatment strategy. The study design had several weaknesses, such as the relatively small number of women in each treatment group. Nonetheless, the results add to the evidence base supporting the use of these agents in the treatment of hirsutism.
Multiplexed molecular assay for rapid exclusion of foot-and-mouth disease.

Abstract A nucleic acid-based multiplexed assay was developed that combines detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) with rule-out assays for two other foreign animal diseases and four domestic animal diseases that cause vesicular or ulcerative lesions indistinguishable from FMDV infection in cattle, sheep and swine. The FMDV “look-alike” diagnostic assay panel contains 5 PCR and 12 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) signatures for a total of 17 simultaneous PCR amplifications for 7 diseases plus incorporating 4 internal assay controls. It was developed and optimized to amplify both DNA and RNA viruses simultaneously in a single tube and employs Luminex™ liquid array technology. Assay development including selection of appropriate controls, a comparison of signature performance in single and multiplex testing against target nucleic acids, as well of limits of detection for each of the individual signatures is presented. While this assay is a prototype and by no means a comprehensive test for FMDV “look-alike” viruses, an assay of this type is envisioned to have benefit to a laboratory network in routine surveillance and possibly for post-outbreak proof of freedom from foot-and-mouth disease.
K-fluorescence yield with relativistic Hartree-Fock slater model

Abstract The calculated K-fluorescence yields show an excellent agreement with the extensive experimental data.
The Aural Perception of Nontxaditional Chords in Selected Theoretical Relationships: A Computer-Generated Experiment

The nontraditional chords in this study represent relationships defined by Allen Forte and Charles Lord. These relationships may be viewed as various degrees of similarity in pitch and interval structure between two chords. This experiment attempted to determine any correlation that may exist between theoretical and aural relatedness. The PLATO computer system presented subjects (N = 198) a randomly ordered series of 39 experimental items. In each item, two pairs of chords were presented with one pair theoretically more similar. Listeners were asked to choose “which pair sounds more alike.” Chi-square calculations demonstrated nonsignificant differences in responses by subjects with varied backgrounds and levels of education. Confidence intervals, calculated for each item, demonstrated five significant levels of response, three of which were in accord with the theories. The results suggest that intervallic characteristics, a principal basis for the pedagogy of atonal music, are not a primary attribute in ...