cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Protonation and PAMAM Dendrimer Size on the Complexation and Dynamic Mobility of 2-Naphthol

The supramolecular dynamics of triplet excited states of the 2-naphthol@dendrimer (2-NpOH@n-SBD) noncovalently bound complex have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis. By varying the acidity and dendrimer size, polyamidoamine dendrimers are shown to possess both nonspecific and specific binding properties. For example, the studies show that 2-naphthol binds preferentially to the tertiary amine groups within the dendrimer interior and can be released by lowering the pH of the solution. On a per binding site basis, studies of the dynamics of 32-NpOH*@n-SBD reveal that the overall dynamics (entry and exit rate constants) are enhanced by increasing the acidity of the solution. Furthermore, the amount of protonation of tertiary amine groups within 2-SBD, 4-SBD, and 6-SBD was determined to be ∼12%, ∼10%, and <1%, respectively, at pH 6. The results presented here demonstrate that, in addition to being able to complex transition metals, organic molecules that are capable of hydroge...
The cutaneous citadel: a holistic view of skin and immunity.

Human skin has 4 major functions: endogenous homeostasis (e.g. regulation of body temperature and fluid balance), metabolism (e.g. Vitamin D synthesis), sensory input, and to serve as a barrier to external threats (e.g. infection, mechanical injury, ultraviolet light). It is the latter function which concerns this review, for the skin's remarkable success in protecting the human body from the outside world is a major component of our immune system. The eminent pathologist, Virchow, whose work in the mid 19th century revolutionized many aspects of medical understanding, viewed the skin as an effective but inanimate barrier (1). However, recent technologies have elucidated a highly complex, dynamic interplay between the skin and other members of the immune system.
Managerial Level and Subunit Function as Determinants of Networking Behavior in Organizations

This article describes a field study conducted to test a conceptual model on situational determinants of networking behavior. The findings indicated support for a new measure of internal and extern...
Automated Semantic Analysis of Schematic Data

Content in numerous Web data sources, designed primarily for human consumption, are not directly amenable to machine processing. Automated semantic analysis of such content facilitates their transformation into machine-processable and richly structured semantically annotated data. This paper describes a learning-based technique for semantic analysis of schematic data which are characterized by being template-generated from backend databases. Starting with a seed set of hand-labeled instances of semantic concepts in a set of Web pages, the technique learns statistical models of these concepts using light-weight content features. These models direct the annotation of diverse Web pages possessing similar content semantics. The principles behind the technique find application in information retrieval and extraction problems. Focused Web browsing activities require only selective fragments of particular Web pages but are often performed using bookmarks which fetch the contents of the entire page. This results in information overload for users of constrained interaction modality devices such as small-screen handheld devices. Fine-grained information extraction from Web pages, which are typically performed using page specific and syntactic expressions known as wrappers, suffer from lack of scalability and robustness. We report on the application of our technique in developing semantic bookmarks for retrieving targeted browsing content and semantic wrappers for robust and scalable information extraction from Web pages sharing a semantic domain.
No apparent transmission of transgenic α–synuclein into nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in multiple mouse models

α–synuclein (α–syn) is the main component of intracytoplasmic inclusions deposited in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and certain other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have explored the ability of α–syn to propagate between or across neighboring neurons and supposedly “infect” them with a prion–like mechanism. However, much of this research has used stereotaxic injections of heterologous α–syn fibrils to induce the spreading of inclusions in the rodent brains. Whether α–syn is able to transmit from the host cells to their neighboring cells in vivo is unclear. Using immunestaining, we examined the potential propagation of α–syn into nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons in three lines of transgenic mice that overexpress human wild–type α–syn (hα–syn) in different neuron populations. After testing for three different routes by which hα–syn propagation might occur, we were unable to find any evidence that hα–syn behaved like a prion and could be transmitted overtime into the DA neurons initially lack of hα–syn expression. In transgenic mice hα–syn does not have the ability to propagate at pathologically significant levels between or across neurons. It must be noted that these observations do not disprove the studies that show its prion–like qualities, but rather that propagation is not detectable in transgenic models that do not use any injections of heterologous proteins or viral vectors to induce a spreading state.
The progenitors of core-collapse supernovae suggest thermonuclear origin for the explosions

Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are the explosions of massive stars following the collapse of the stars' iron cores. Poznanski (2013) has recently suggested an observational correlation between the ejecta velocities and the inferred masses of the red supergiant progenitors of type II-P explosions, which implies that the kinetic energy of the ejecta ($E_{\textrm{kin}}$) increases with the mass of the progenitor. I point out that the same conclusion can be reached from the model-free observed correlation between the ejected $^{56}$Ni masses ($M_{\textrm{Ni}}$) and the luminosities of the progenitors for type II supernovae, which was reported by Fraser et al. (2011). This correlation is in an agreement with the predictions of the collapse-induced thermonuclear explosions (CITE) for CCSNe and in a possible contradiction with the predictions of the neutrino mechanism. I show that a correlation between $M_{\textrm{Ni}}$ and $E_{\textrm{kin}}$ holds for all types of CCSNe (including type Ibc). This correlation suggests a common mechanism for all CCSNe, which is predicted for CITE, but is not produced by current simulations of the neutrino mechanism. Furthermore, the typical values of $E_{\textrm{kin}}$ and $M_{\textrm{Ni}}$ for type Ibc explosions are larger by an order of a magnitude than the typical values for II-P explosions, a fact which disfavors progenitors with the same initial mass range for these explosions. Instead, the progenitors of type Ibc explosions could be massive Wolf-Rayet stars, which are predicted to yield strong explosions with low ejecta masses (as observed) according to CITE. In this case, there is no deficit of high mass progenitors for CCSNe, which was suggested under the assumption of a similar mass range for the progenitors of types II-P and Ibc supernovae.
Decay of 39-day Ru 103 and 17-day Pd 103 to the levels of Rh 103

The levels in $^{103}\mathrm{Rh}$ have been studied by following the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays and \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} rays emitted in the decay of 39.35-day $^{103}\mathrm{Ru}$ and 17.5-day $^{103}\mathrm{Pd}$. Several new $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays have been detected with an anti-Compton spectrometer which allow the assignment of a new level and improved spin assignments. Conversion coefficients for most transitions following the decay of $^{103}\mathrm{Ru}$ have been calculated using the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray intensity values of this work and literature values for the relative intensities of conversion electrons. The conversion coefficient for the 53-keV transition was also determined via the x-ray to $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray coincidence method corrected for the $557\ensuremath{\gamma}$-$53\ensuremath{\gamma}$ angular correlation. The weighted average of both measurements yields the recommended value of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{K}(53)=1.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13$ which corresponds to an $M1+(2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0)%$ $E2$ transition. $B(M1)$ and $B(E2)$ values of (0.040 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.001) and (213 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 76) Weisskopf units, respectively, have been obtained for the 53-keV transition.RADIOACTIVITY $^{103}\mathrm{Ru}$ [from $^{102}\mathrm{Ru}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$], $^{103}\mathrm{Pd}$ [from $^{102}\mathrm{Pd}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$]; measured ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${I}_{x}$, $x\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$; deduced $^{103}\mathrm{Rh}$ levels, $log\mathrm{ft}$, $J$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, ICC, $\ensuremath{\delta}$, $B(E2)$, and $B(M1)$ values. Enriched targets, Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detector, anti-Compton spectrometer.
Strangers, Trust, and Religion: On the Vulnerability of Being Alive

This article is far less a position paper or a descriptive analysis than an attempt to illuminate the lines that connect commonly recognized realities of human life: unfamiliar others in the form of strangers, interpersonal feelings in the form of trust, and organized belief systems in the form of religion. Its epistemological and even ontological conclusion may be sketched as follows: where belief overtakes wonder, religion fails in its mission to enhance life. When fear overtakes wonder, individuals fail in the promise of their aliveness. In particular, when belief overtakes wonder, religion fails in the sense of constraining or even shutting the individual off from investigation and exploration of the unknown or unfamiliar, or from what is not sanctioned as proper. When fear overtakes simple curiosity and the desire to know, the individual fails in the sense of simply reacting, prejudging a situation or a person as threatening or dangerous in advance of actual experience. When belief and fear together take over, human experience is shackled and crippled. It remains ideologically tethered and affectively maimed. The effect of this tethering and maiming has moral consequences having to do with a recognition or non-recognition of the foundational common humanness of humans.
Waiting, Dying, Crying, and What Else? Black Women’s Political Action and Migrant Labor in Black South African Political Thought

In this essay I take up the question of how black women’s political action in South Africa helped shape and structure migration, the migratory labor system, and the construction of rural and urban spaces. I examine the repertoire of political action that shaped and responded to the forces that compelled labor migrancy and the position of black women as reproducers of a reserve labor force. Prompted by two post-apartheid characterizations across the political spectrum of the politics of black women in the migrant labor system, Njabulo Ndebele’s post-apartheid novel, The Cry of Winnie Mandela (2003) and Lauretta Ngcobo’s And They Didn’t Die (1999), I am concerned both about gendered views of the hardships created by migration to the mining centers that constituted South African industrial civilization and ideas by black women of being left behind as the reproducers of the labor force critical to the economic dynamism of the region. While rendered as "waiting behind" and grieving for their husbands and sons and inscrutably eking out a marginal living for minor children and grandchildren, there is a great deal of evidence about the political organizing that they engaged in, and the meanings that they constructed about their role in the system of migrant labor and their understandings of reproduction — both social and economic. Indeed, as we think about the global organizing of poor people’s movements, rate payers resistance activism, and the shack dwellers campaigns, part of the genealogy, and institutional history that has been at times overlooked is linkages to black women’s waiting that never had anything to do with sitting around and idly waiting to be mobilized by vanguards of political leadership. The post-apartheid political era has proceeded through dismantling and discarding some tropes that served as organizing issues for the era of apartheid and the struggle to end it. As cultural critics and social theorists of black feminist political economy have ably demonstrated, entire new political histories are being grafted upon complicated understandings and misunderstandings of widely circulating African Diaspora concepts like the theoretical engagement with memory, black consciousness, enslavement, and black feminist concepts such as intersectionality (Gqola 2010, Magubane 2003, Atkins 1993). I take up the question of black women’s action in the migratory labor system in one sense to think through what political visions are being made in the post-apartheid era but also to consider what theoretical resources are available from the legacies of black women’s political action and resistance to the constraints which the migratory labor system created for them and the ways in which their own thinking, writing, and organizing shaped the limits of migration, space, and their insertion into the economy as merely waiting and bearing reserve labor forces.
An InGaSb p-channel FinFET

We demonstrate the first InGaSb p-channel FinFET. Towards this goal, we have developed a fin dry-etch technology which yields fins as narrow as 15 nm with vertical sidewalls, an aspect ratio greater than 10 and low sidewall interface state density. We have also realized Si-compatible ohmic contacts with ultra-low contact resistivity of 3.5–10−8 Q-cm2. InGaSb FinFETs with fin widths down to 30 nm and gate lengths down to 100 nm have been fabricated. The Al2O3 gate oxide has an EOT of 1.8 nm. A high gm of 122 μS/μm is obtained in devices of Wf = 100 nm and Lg = 100 nm. In the smallest devices with Wf = 30 nm and Lg = 100 nm, a gm of 78 μS/μm is achieved.
Usage-based approaches to aphasia

ABSTRACTBackground: Effects of word frequency on language comprehension and production are pervasive in speakers with and without aphasia. Frequency effects at the sentence level are likewise pervasive in neurotypical speakers, but have received relatively little attention in the aphasia literature. When discussed, frequency-based explanations have typically been dismissed as explanations of sentence-level deficits. Usage-based approaches to understanding the accessibility of clause and phrase structures are not widely used in aphasiology, in spite of their psycholinguistic plausibility.Aims: One aim is to show that evidence in support of probabilistic models of aphasic sentence comprehension and production has been available for a long time, but has lacked visibility. Our second aim is to respond to one of the few papers [Bastiaanse, R. Bouma, G., & Post, W. (2009). Linguistic complexity and frequency in agrammatic speech production. Brain and Language, 109, 18–28.] that directly challenge frequency-base...
Building for the State: A World-Historical Perspective

Whenever governments want work to be performed for the state, they have a choice between contracting for the completion of such tasks and resorting to compulsion to get them done. While the former strategy is usually sustained by taxation of private assets and output, the latter often entails the imposition of labor services as a specific form of tax. Military conscription is merely the historically most resilient variant of what used to be a wide range of coerced labor services on behalf of the state. Throughout history, public construction projects crucially depended on states’ ability to enforce labor obligations. A global survey across Eurasia and the Pre-Columbian Americas reveals that exceptions to this practice were extremely rare. Classical Greece and the Italian heartland of the Roman world stand out for the state’s reliance on market institutions to undertake building projects, a preference that appears to link these societies to later European history and modern norms. What were the reasons for this anomaly, and what does it mean for our understanding of the early state?
Effects of Carbamates on House Fly Fecundity, Longevity, and Food Intake.

Topical application of sublethal but knockdown-inducing doses of Isolan® (1-isopropyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate) to house flies, Musca domestica L. resulted in substantial reduction of egg laying but did not affect mating, longevity, or egg fertility. Significant reductions in fecundity were obtained whether the insecticide was applied before or after mating and whether the insects had prior access to milk or not. Increasing the doses above the sublethal level had a greater repressing effect on fecundity but did not cause complete sterility. Thus, a sublethal dose of 0.3 μg per fly reduced total egg production by 35.8%, while doses of 0.6 and 1.0μg, representing LD10 and LD30 levels, respectively, reduced egg production by 43.1% and 77.2%, respectively. The effect of the treatments was long lasting: the daily egg production in flies treated with 0.6 μg did not equal that of the control until the 19th day after treatment; by the use of p32 milk it was found that treated flies consumed as much as 51.8% less milk than the untreated flies even 8 days after treatment. Tests with other carbamates indicated that while pliysostigniinc and Pyrolan® (3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate) had no effect on fecundity, dimetilan, carbaryl, Bayer 39007 ( o -isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) and Hercules 5727 ( m -isopropylphenyl methylcarbamate) caused significant reduction in egg production. Although the precise nature of the interaction between the insecticide and the physiological processes that are significant in reproduction remains unresolved, the available evidence indicates that cholinestcrase inhibition is not directly responsible for the suppression of egg production.
A role for casein kinase 2α in the Drosophila circadian clock

Circadian clocks drive rhythmic behaviour in animals and are regulated by transcriptional feedback loops1,2. For example, the Drosophila proteins Clock (Clk) and Cycle (Cyc) activate transcription of period (per) and timeless (tim). Per and Tim then associate, translocate to the nucleus, and repress the activity of Clk and Cyc. However, post-translational modifications are also critical to proper timing. Per and Tim undergo rhythmic changes in phosphorylation1, and evidence supports roles for two kinases in this process: Doubletime (Dbt) phosphorylates Per3,4, whereas Shaggy (Sgg) phosphorylates Tim5. Yet Sgg and Dbt often require a phosphoserine in their target site6,7, and analysis of Per phosphorylation in dbt mutants3,8 suggests a role for other kinases. Here we show that the catalytic subunit of Drosophila casein kinase 2 (CK2α) is expressed predominantly in the cytoplasm of key circadian pacemaker neurons. CK2α mutant flies show lengthened circadian period, decreased CK2 activity, and delayed nuclear entry of Per. These effects are probably direct, as CK2α specifically phosphorylates Per in vitro. We propose that CK2 is an evolutionary link between the divergent circadian systems of animals, plants and fungi.
Notes on Illinois Resupinate Hymenomycetes

Collections of fungi that extend their known North American ranges are reported here. Except where otherwise indicated, collections were made by the author within a tract of mixed hardwood timber near Funks Grove, McLean County, Illinois. All of the Funks Grove collections are deposited in the mycological herbarium of Illinois State University (ISU). Names of other herbaria where fragments have been deposited are abbreviated as in fourth edition of the Index Herbariorum. Colors given with the initial letter capitalized are in accordance with Ridgway's Color Standards.
Assaying the Spindle Checkpoint in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The spindle checkpoint is assayed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using several criteria. Sensitivity to benzimidazole drugs is assayed in cells grown in liquid medium and cells grown on solid medium on petri plates. Cell cycle delays are measured using cells synchronized by treatment with mating pheromone alpha-factor, and the population is monitored by flow cytometry measuring DNA content in cells. There are two different transitions that are monitored, and cytological assays for individual cells and biochemical assays for populations of cells are presented. The metaphase to anaphase transition is assayed by monitoring sister chromatid separation using GFP-tagged chromosomes, Pds1 stability using immunofluorescence, and Mcd1/Scc1 association with chromatin using chromosome spreads. Pds1 and Mcd1/Scc1 stability is measured in populations by Western blots. The exit from mitosis is monitored by Cdc14 immunofluorescence and Clb2 Western blots.
Out-of-Order Sigma-Point Kalman Filtering for Target Localization Using Cooperating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This chapter outlines our research efforts toward developing a cooperative target localization method based on multiple autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are outfitted with heterogeneous sensors. The current focus of the research includes (1) optimizing the UAV trajectories to place them at desired locations at desired times to capture target locations, (2) cooperative sensor scheduling, and (3) intelligent fusing of multiple sensor measurements to accurately estimate the position and velocity of a target. The focus of this paper is the sensor-fusion task. One might consider addressing this problem using some form of Kalman filter. However, a complicating factor in the present application is that sensor readings arrive out-of-sequence to the sensor-fusion process. For example, there is non-deterministic latency in the inter- and intra-UAV communication channels. We address this problem by developing an out-of-order sigma-point Kalman filter (O3SPKF).
Network Structure and Uncertainty: The Role of Strong Ties in Venture Capital Funding Networks

Network-related outcomes are organized into several distinct theoretical classes of causes and effects based upon the network structure these ties suggest. The differences in these classes imply fundamental shifts in the efficacy and valence of the outcomes associated with distinct types of ties. We argue that which stream of network effects dominates depends highly on the environment an actor resides in. In environments that are uncertain, unstable, and whose market interactions and outcomes involve a greater degree of risk, strong ties provide benefits above and beyond ties of other types, such as weak ties. The mechanism underlying this process occurs as network actors build strong working group relationships that develop trust, build routines, and facilitate exploration in the face of uncertainty. The cofunding networks of venture capital firms illustrate that strong ties built through repeat collaboration on startup firm co-investments explain the successful outcomes of startup firms. In particular, ...
Scaling law for the elastic response of spherical explosion-containment vessels

The substantial progress made in the development of portable, spherical explosion-containment vessels has led to its adoption for explosives-related transporting and manufacturing. A simple scaling law for engineering-design use has been obtained for the maximum first-cycle elastic-strain response to explosive loading by a centered, spherical charge of a representative high explosive known as Pentolite. Results from a computer program based on the work of Baker have been accurately fitted to a six-product power law that is a function of the density, elastic modulus, diameter, and thickness of the vessel and the weight of detonated explosive. Nonlinear and log-linear fits are compared and found to agree if the role of weighting factors is understood. An impulse approximation is used to indicate that the scaling-law parameters are reasonable.
The Obama Administration in a Multipolar World

President Barack Hussein Obama took office in the midst of a global financial crisis and by 2010 faced a domestic political context that provided unprecedented challenges for passing new policies. There were great expectations for this president because of his paternal links to the African continent but the president’s orientation on Africa policy was clearly stated in his brief visit to Ghana, in 2009, when he declared that ‘Africa’s future is up to Africans’ (Obama 2009). Although the administration laid out a global development vision in 2010, it wasn’t until 2012 that it released an Africa strategy. At the beginning of his second term, it looked like the administration might finally devote a little more attention to Africa policy.
Distinctive wound-healing characteristics in the corals Pocillopora damicornis and Acropora hyacinthus found in two different temperature regimes

Wound healing is a critical physiological function needed for survival in all marine organisms. However, it is particularly critical in organisms like corals, which cannot escape predators. In this study, I characterized the gross morphology of wound healing in Pocillopora damicornis and Acropora hyacinthus found in two pools with distinct previously documented temperature profiles in Ofu, American Samoa. I observed differences between healing rates of A. hyacinthus versus P. damicornis, but no significant difference in healing rates between A. hyacinthus colonies found in different environmental regimes. Both coral species exhibit very distinct healing phenotypes, where A. hyacinthus develops a pink pigmentation and P. damicornis forms an algal/sand plug. The algal/sand plug appeared in corals found in the highly variable pool more quickly than in the corals from the moderately variable pool. Lastly, P. damicornis appeared to never fully heal during this two-week study, indicating that it is a slower healer despite predation pressure.
Acetylation-Dependent Interaction of GATA-1 with the Potential Mitotic “Bookmarking” Protein Brd3.

Abstract 2598 Acetylation of the transcription factor GATA-1 facilitates its ability to drive erythroid differentiation by enhancing its association with in vivo target sites. However, the underlying mechanism through which GATA-1 acetylation functions has remained elusive. To test whether GATA-1 acetylation serves to recruit essential cofactors, we performed a peptide affinity screen and identified Brd3 as an acetylated GATA-1 interacting partner. Brd3 belongs to the BET protein family that also includes Brd2, Brd4, and Brdt, and is characterized by tandem bromodomains (BD1 and BD2) and an extraterminal (ET) domain. We show that Brd3 and GATA-1 physically interact in an acetylation-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Mapping studies revealed that the interaction depends on BD1 of Brd3 and one of the two major acetylation sites that resides near the C terminal zinc finger of GATA-1. By ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR, endogenous Brd3 is recruited to virtually all GATA-1-occupied regulatory elements in erythroid cells, including both GATA-1activated and repressed genes. Although Brd3 has been reported to associate with acetylated histones along the entire length of transcribed genes, we found that Brd3 recruitment correlates poorly with histone acetylation along gene bodies. In agreement with our biochemical data, an intact BD1 is essential for the in vivo recruitment of Brd3 to GATA-1-occupied elements, further demonstrating that acetylation of GATA-1 is essential for Brd3 association in vivo. Notably, a pharmacological compound that targets acetyl lysine binding sites in BD1 and BD2 disrupts the Brd3/GATA-1 interaction in vitro, diminishes Brd3 and GATA-1 association at key erythroid genes in vivo, and impairs GATA-1 target gene expression and erythroid maturation. In concert, these findings suggest a mechanism by which the first bromodomain of Brd3 recognizes acetyl-lysines on GATA-1 to facilitate GATA-1 chromatin occupancy. These studies raise an interesting question: In contrast to the great majority of transcription factors, BET family proteins bind to chromatin during mitosis and might serve an epigenetic memory function to properly reactivate gene transcription upon exit of mitosis. We are currently investigating whether Brd3 functions by bookmarking GATA-1-bound sites throughout mitosis to aid in transcriptional memory and stability of lineage specific gene expression. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Evaluation of auditory perception development in neonates by event-related potential technique.

Abstract Objective To investigate auditory perception development in neonates and correlate it with days after birth, left and right hemisphere development and sex using event-related potential (ERP) technique. Methods Sixty full-term neonates, consisting of 32 males and 28 females, aged 2–28 days were included in this study. An auditory oddball paradigm was used to elicit ERPs. N2 wave latencies and areas were recorded at different days after birth, to study on relationship between auditory perception and age, and comparison of left and right hemispheres, and males and females. Results Average wave forms of ERPs in neonates started from relatively irregular flat-bottomed troughs to relatively regular steep-sided ripples. A good linear relationship between ERPs and days after birth in neonates was observed. As days after birth increased, N2 latencies gradually and significantly shortened, and N2 areas gradually and significantly increased (both P Conclusion The neonatal period is one of rapid auditory perception development. In the days following birth, the auditory perception ability of neonates gradually increases. This occurs predominantly in the left hemisphere, with auditory perception ability appearing to develop earlier in female neonates than in males. ERP can be used as an objective index used to evaluate auditory perception development in neonates.
Professionalism in Medical Settings

It is well recognized that there is more to being a competent professional psychologist than specific knowledge and skills in the discipline of psychology and the delivery of psychological services. According to Sales (1983), who edited a monumental handbook on this topic, professionalism requires knowledge and skills related to (1) standards of professional practice; (2) professional organizations; (3) professional developments; (4) laws and regulatory processes affecting professional practice; (5) management and business; and (6) values and interests affecting professional decision-making. Other chapters in this handbook deal with many of these topics as they pertain to clinical psychologists working in medical settings. These chapters address professional issues through the delineation of the characteristics and politics of the medical environment, special educational and training requirements, accountability, and economic concerns.
Delocalization in infinite disordered two-dimensional lattices of different geometry

The spectral approach to infinite disordered crystals is applied to an Anderson-type Hamiltonian to demonstrate the existence of extended states for nonzero disorder in 2D lattices of different geometries. The numerical simulations shown prove that extended states exist for disordered honeycomb, triangular, and square crystals. This observation stands in contrast to the predictions of scaling theory, and aligns with experiments in photonic lattices and electron systems. The method used is the only theoretical approach aimed at showing delocalization. A comparison of the results for the three geometries indicates that the triangular and honeycomb lattices experience transition in the transport behavior for similar levels of disorder, which is to be expected from the planar duality of the lattices. This provides justification for the use of artificially prepared triangular lattices as analogues for honeycomb materials, such as graphene. The analysis also shows that the transition in the honeycomb case happens more abruptly compared to the other two geometries, which can be attributed to the number of nearest neighbors. We outline the advantages of the spectral approach as a viable alternative to scaling theory and discuss its applicability to transport problems in both quantum and classical 2D systems.
Nicole Hennig. Keeping Up with Emerging Technologies: Best Practices for Information Professionals . Santa Barbara, Calif.: Libraries Unlimited, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017.

At 177 pages, including index, this densely packed volume attempts to address all aspects of the role of an Emerging Technologies Librarian. The first glance or quick flip through a few pages would seem to show a bibliography style of handbook, a list of resources for further consultation. However, once one begins to read through the work, it becomes obvious the book has quite a bit more to offer. The book draws on author Nicole Hennig’s experience at the MIT libraries and her extensive writing, research, and teaching on subjects related to technology and libraries.
On Upper Class of Increments of Fractional Brownian Motion

A series test for the upper upper class and lower upper class of increments of fractional brownian motion is provided.
Public support for energy portfolios in Canada: How information about cost and national energy portfolios affect perceptions of energy systems

Public support for energy systems is a critical factor in the development and deployment of electricity-generating technologies. The publics’ support for energy developments may be driven by numero...
Are southern elephant seals re-invading mid-latitude grounds? New sightings and first birth records off the Chilean Coast

The southern elephant seal (SES), Mirounga leonina, has an estimated abundance of 900,000 individuals and a nearly circumpolar distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. In Chile, the species inhabits three colonies in the Magallanes Region (54°24′S) and the northernmost sightings have been attributed to vagrant individuals. The aim of this study is to reassess the distribution of SES on the Pacific Coast. Censuses were conducted from 2004 to 2017, from 29°02′S to 29°16′S and from 38°22′S to 48°23′S. Data from social media and official landing records were also incorporated to complement the research sightings. A total of 72 SES were sighted in 40 haul-out sites; 42% of the animals were found in haul-out sites shared with the South American sea lion, 4% in wetland haul-out sites, and 54% in other haul-out sites. We recorded a parturition event in the Dallico wetland, at latitude 42°19′S, which establishes the northernmost location of breeding SES in the Pacific Coast. Our data show an increase in the number of adult and immature SESs sighted in middle latitudes during survey years with similar sampling effort (2007–2016). Interestingly, we corroborated the sighting of an adult female for 9 years in the Marine Protected Area Isla Chanaral (29°02′S), evidencing long-term fidelity to foraging regions in nonbreeding ranges of the species. The high productivity in the distribution area, where isolated and protected areas are located, makes these ideal places to find new foraging and resting grounds at middle–low latitude hotspots.
Building a Music Player: Teaching Operating Systems Concepts via an Arduino-Powered Music Player

The sequence of assignments outlined in this work targets university level computer science and computer engineering students who are familiar with C and some form of assembly. First, the students build a preemptive mini-operating system with support for multiple thread contexts. Next, the students add in synchronization primitives for sharing values between threads. After the synchronization primitives, the next assignment is to write code to read data from a Linux-compatible filesystem. The final assignment is to put everything together and construct a music player that can play music files stored on a flash memory card. Students also learn about efficient software design when working in a memory-constrained environment such as the Arduino. The end result of the assignments is a music player that students can feel proud of and they fully understand the software behind its operation having built the software essentially from scratch.
Turning Logic Transistors into Secure, Multi-Time Programmable, Embedded Non-Volatile Memory Elements for 14 nm FINFET Technologies and Beyond

Described is a secure, multi-time programmable memory (MTPM) solution for the 14 nm FINFET node and beyond, which turns as-fabricated standard logic transistors into embedded non-volatile memory (eNVM) elements, without the need for any process adders or additional masks. These logic transistors, when employed as eNVM elements, are dubbed “Charge Trap Transistors” (CTTs). Outlined are the technological breakthroughs required for employing logic transistors as an MTPM. An erase technique, called “Self-heating Temperature Assisted eRase” (STAR), is introduced which enables 100% erase efficiency, as compared to $ erase efficiency using conventional methods, in turn enabling MTPM functionality in CTTs. For the first time, hardware results demonstrate an endurance of $> 10^{4}$ program/erase cycles. Data retention lifetime of $> 10$ years at 125°C and scalability to 7 nm have been confirmed.
What Determines the Size of Public Employment ? An Empirical Investigation

This paper explores the determinants of public employment across the world and finds that it is negatively associated with country size (by population) and positively associated with the income level. The findings show that a country's openness to trade is positively associated with public employment in low- and middle-income countries, but inversely related in high-income countries. The estimated models are used to predict the expected public employment for a country given its income, population, and openness to trade, and to compare the actual levels with the predicted ones. In general, public employment in Latin American countries is below the predicted levels, except for Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela. Public employment in the Middle East and North Africa is above the predicted levels, particularly in the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Asian and Pacific countries' public employment is significantly below the predicted levels, particularly in Hong Kong SAR, China; Japan; the Republic of Korea; and Mongolia. Countries in Europe and Central Asia show higher than predicted public employment, mostly in Romania, Denmark, Sweden, Armenia, and Belorussia. Public employment in Sub-Saharan Africa appears to be below the predicted levels, with the notable exceptions of Botswana and South Africa. The deviations from predicted levels are positively correlated with the union density rate, which is negatively associated with private employment rates. Finally, the study finds no statistical association between public and private employment, suggesting the absence of crowding-out in the employment levels.
Compensation of Head Motion in AdaptiSPECT-C Using a GPU-Based Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm: Initial Results

Patient motion and its deteriorating effects in medical imaging is well known. Likewise, head rigid-body motion degrades the image quality in brain SPECT. We developed an algorithm to compensate the head motion in multi-pinhole SPECT systems within a statistical iterative image reconstruction algorithm. Previously, volunteer’s head motion was recorded by Vicon MX visual tracking system for 10 minutes while laying inside a SPECT/CT gantry. We then divided the motion into 120 intervals, each 5 seconds long. AdaptiSPECT-C, a multi-pinhole multi-detector stationary SPECT system, we are developing for dedicated brain imaging was used for this study. We generated an XCAT voxelized brain phantom emulating the activity distribution of Iodine-123 N-isopropyl-4-iodoamphetamine (IMP) for brain perfusion scan. To simulate the data acquisition with head motion, we used generic analytic simulation software we developed for multi-pinhole SPECT systems. The 6-degrees-offreedom (6-DOF) motion was incorporated into the simulation software to realistically simulate the data acquisition with motion. Our previously developed graphics-processing-unit (GPU)-based iterative reconstruction software was augmented to incorporate motion compensation using 3D Gaussian interpolation. The rigidbody (i.e. 6-DOF) head motion was input to the reconstruction software through 120 motion intervals. For comparison, we reconstructed the motion corrupted SPECT data without motion compensation and a motion-free acquisition as ground truth. The results show that our proposed motion compensation method provides a significantly better SPECT reconstruction when compared to no motion compensation. The developed software can be applied for any scan duration with any number of motion intervals.
Marital Versus Nonmarital Entitlements

The percentage of adult couples living in intimate nonmarital cohabitation continues to increase. The period of cohabitation is most often for a short period of time and entered into for several reasons. But for a small percentage of these and an increasing percentage of longer-term cohabitants, dissolution during life or at death often results in the unjust enrichment of one party. This Article examines methods of redress. In piecemeal fashion, a variety of states enforce nonmarital agreements, written and oral, during lifetime, while some enforce equitable remedies. Very few states enforce contract or equity remedies at death. The paucity of remedies available to nonmarital cohabitants prompts the issue as to whether marital entitlements should be extended to nonmarital cohabitants who meet objective criteria. A modicum of states has begun to do this, and additional proposals have been introduced by the American Law Institute and by legal ommentators. They propose that once a couple meets the criteria, they will be treated as spouses under state statutes. This is often the first step towards federal entitlements. This approach would entitle each party to federal and state entitlements associated with marriage, particularly distribution of property at dissolution during lifetime, or at death. This Article discusses the evolution of family structure and the ascendency of privacy, liberty, and self-determination. Partially in response, an array of nonmarital unions have become commonplace in the past fifty years in the United States. Cases reveal the insufficiency of remedies available to these nonmarital couples at dissolution—even for those couples living in states willing to enforce express or implied nonmarital agreements. Strikingly, there are fewer remedies for nonmarital cohabitants at death. Public policy mandates concern for all citizens, including the evolution of individualized family structures formed by its citizens. The issue addressed in this Article is whether public policy concerns warrant an extension of the marital presumptions traditionally associated with the commitment structure of marriage to a defined group of nonmarital cohabitants. Although increasingly rejected by state legislatures—in an effort to better control the workhorse functions of marriage—common law marriage may offer a remedy if enacted as common law commitment. Freed of the nitpicking elements of legislative proposals, common law commitment may better meet the needs of modern-day evolutions in human nature.
Progress of research in the regulatory mechanism of enterovirus 71 in host immune response

Virus infection can cause a variety of host immune response to prevent the spreading of virus.Innate immunity is the first line of defense to resist to virus infection in host.After the virus enters,the macrophage phagocytoses and process of virus antigen.On the other hand,it activates the innate antiviral immune response.The expression of interferon after EV71 infection may be associated with cell specific response.Most studies have shown that EV71 can inhibit the expression of interferon to achieve immune escape.Then antigen presenting cells present antigens to T/B lymphocytes,once specific T/B lymphocytes are activated by antigen,they will be activated,proliferated,diferentiated to immunologic effector cells,which secrete antibodies,cytokines,cell toxicity of medium,ultimately,develop immunological effect.Both humoral immunity and cellular immunity are activated in EV71 infection,and play an important role in mediating protection effect.Cellular immunity may be associated with the clinical outcome of EV71 infection.The EV71-specific neutralizing antibody generated by the humoral immunity plays a key role in protective immunity,but the antibody response level is not correlated with disease severity.In addition,virus infection can induce cell apoptosis to prevent the virus proliferation and the spreading of progeny virus. Key words: Enterovirus 71 ; Host immune; Cytokines; Apoptosis
Disclosure Level and Stock Returns

This paper examines the relation between disclosure level and subsequent stock performance. Using a sample of 695 firms over a fifteen-year period from 1981 to 1995, we find that analysts' rankings of overall firm disclosure are positively associated with one-year-ahead stock returns. This result persists after adjusting for well-known risk factors, and is robust to inclusion of other firm characteristics that have been shown to be related to the cross-section of stock returns. Decomposing stock returns using the methodology of Campbell (1991) and Vuolteenaho (2002) reveals that the over-performance of high-disclosure firms is driven entirely by cash-flow news. Consistent with this evidence, we find firms that disclose more exhibit better future operating performance. Further, we find that analysts and investors are surprised by the superior earnings performance of high-disclosure firms. In contrast, we are unable to find a systematic relation between disclosure and either expected return or expected-return news, implying an absence of a relation between disclosure and the cost of equity capital for our sample. Overall, our results are consistent with the view that disclosure policy contains valuable information about firm's future cash flows.
NPSCS: Non-Preemptive Stochastic Coflow Scheduling With Time-Indexed LP Relaxation

Coflows model a scheduling setting that is commonly found in a variety of applications in distributed and cloud computing. A stochastic coflow task contains a set of parallel flows with randomly distributed sizes. Further, many applications require non-preemptive scheduling of coflow tasks. This article gives an approximation algorithm on the weighted expected completion time for non-preemptive stochastic coflow scheduling. The proposed approach uses a time-indexed linear program relaxation, and uses its solution to come up with a feasible schedule. This algorithm is shown to achieve an approximation ratio of $(2\log {m}{+}1)(1{+}\sqrt {m {\Delta }})(1{+}m\sqrt {{\Delta }}){(1{+}{\Delta })}$ for zero-release times, and $2(2\log {m}{+}1)(1{+}\sqrt {m{\Delta }})(1{+}m\sqrt {{\Delta }})(1{+}{\Delta })$ for general release times, where ${\Delta }$ represents the upper bound of squared coefficient of variation of processing times, and ${m}$ is the number of servers.