cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-crystal growth and characterization of REBa2Cu4O8 and Y1−xCaxBa2Cu4O8

Abstract Crystals of REBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 (RE = Yb, Tm, Er, Ho, Dy, and Y 1− x Ca x ) were grown at 1100°C and 600 bar of O 2 pressure in a hot isostatic press furnace. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data show that all compounds crystallized in space group Ammm (#65) with the approximate lattice parameters a ≈ 3.82 A , b ≈ 3.86 A , c ≈ 27.1 A , and Z = 2 As the ionic radius of the lanthanide decreased, the lattice parameters decreased. Substitution of calcium in Y 1− x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 4 O 8 crystals ( x ∼ 0.02) increased T c to 87 K.
Single hole quantum dot transistors in silicon

Novel p‐channel quantum‐dot transistors were fabricated in silicon‐on‐insulator. Strong oscillations in the drain current as a function of the gate voltage have been observed at temperatures over 81 K and drain biases over 66 mV. The oscillations are attributed to holes tunneling through the discrete single hole energy levels in the quantum dot. Measurements show that the average energy level spacing is ∼35 meV. Simple modeling indicates that about two thirds of the energy level spacing come from the Coulomb interaction between holes (i.e., hole Coulomb blockade) and one third from the quantum confinement effect. The realization of single hole quantum‐dot transistors opens new possibilities for innovative circuits that utilize complementary pairs of quantum‐dot transistors.
On a confidence interval about a parameter estimated by a ratio of normal random variables

A confidence interval is geometrically constructed about a parameter estimated by the ratio of bivariate normal random variables. The resulting confidence interval is equivalent to that of Fieller's theorem. The geometric construction shown that such intervals are conservative. Bioassay examples are used to demonstrate the technique.
Multiplication of Machupo Virus, the Etiological Agent of Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever, in Cell Cultures

SummaryMultiplication of Machupo virus, the etiological agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, was studied in a variety of cell cultures. One line of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) supported the multiplication of the virus to high titer, but developed no cytopathic effect. Machupo virus produced well-defined plaques in monolayer cultures of Vero cells under agar overlay. The plaques produced in Vero cells were better defined and clearer than those produced in continuous newborn rabbit kidney (MA-111) cells, and the pfu titers obtained in Vero cells were higher than those obtained in MA-111 cells. A linear relationship was observed between plaque counts and virus concentration. Maximum adsorption was obtained by 120-min incubation at 37 °. When the cultures were infected with 0.003 pfu per cell, the maximum virus titer was obtained on day 5 after inoculation. Neutralization tests employing 80% plaque reduction were readily performed and indicated the absence of antibody for Machupo virus in the Jun...
Explicit Ambiguity: Sexual Identity, Hitchcockian Criticism, and the Films of François Ozon

Considering that his films have been criticized for their overly reflexive nature, something between a cinephile's loving homage and a postmodernist pastiche, it's of some surprise, particularly co...
Intermediate-velocity Molecular Gas at High Northern Galactic Latitudes

We surveyed the CO(1-0) transition in 16 regions at Galactic latitudes >45° which contain compact dust cores less than half a degree in size with E(B – V) values ~ 0.1 mag. We discovered three new intermediate-velocity molecular clouds and two high-latitude molecular clouds with more typical local standard of rest velocity (~0 km s–1). The three intermediate-velocity molecular clouds (detected in CO emission in 11 lines of sight) nearly double the number of previously known, CO-emitting clouds. In order to detect the CO(1-0) line, N(H2) values of at least 1019 cm–2 are necessary, implying that the molecular/atomic fraction of these objects is significant and is in contrast to the primarily atomic lines of sight with log N(H2) < 17.3 detected in absorption by FUSE. The three molecular clouds are projected on and likely associated with a previously known intermediate-velocity H I feature known as the Intermediate Velocity Spur that may extend to the Galactic halo.
Utilization of embryos from previously superovulated mice in an in vivo fertilization system

When stringent quality control has been an integral part of an IVF-ET program, there has been an indication of more consistent pregnancy rates (8,9). We were therefore hesitant to introduce any variables, such as reutilizing previously stimulated mice, which might affect our quality-control system. However, from the results of our study there appeared to be no significant difference in the number of two-cell embryos retrieved between the control and the experimental groups. No difference was noted in the percentages of embryos reaching β blastocyst. Although not significant, there did appear to be a decrease in mating when mice were stimulated more than once.
Grafting of fetal substantia nigra to striatum reverses behavioral deficits induced by MPTP in primates: a comparison with other types of grafts as controls.

Fetal substantia nigra (SN) cells were transplanted into the caudate nucleus (CN) of four vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) that had been treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP treatment appears to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Normal and parkinsonian behaviors were quantitated by trained observers 5 days/week. Twenty-eight behaviors based on previous factor analyses were individually scored and rated. Parkinsonian signs included freezing, head and limb tremor, difficulty in eating, delayed initiation of movement, poverty of movement, tremor that stopped with intention, decreased response to threats, and lying immobile in the cage. These signs were combined to give an overall rating of parkinsonism. A summary measure of ‘normal’ healthy behavior was also examined, including such behaviors as yawning, scratching, self-grooming, shifting, and eating. Overall ratings of parkinsonism increased and those of healthy behavior decreased after MPTP. In the 4 monkeys grafted with fetal SN cells into the CN, behavior returned to pre-treatment levels by the time of sacrifice (2, 5, or 7.5 months after grafting). Three control subjects were transplanted with either SN cells into an inappropriate brain site (cortex) or inappropriate, non-dopaminergic, cells (cerebellar) into the CN. Subjects were also compared with three control animals that did not receive MPTP but received cryopreserved or fresh SN and other cells into the CN. Only MPTP-treated subjects that received SN cells into the CN showed evidence of a reversal of the MPTP syndrome after transplantation. In addition, grafting in animals that were not MPTP-treated did not appear to affect behavior. This paper reports the specific behavioral effects of severe MPTP toxicity that were or were not reversed after transplantation and suggests that only fetal SN cells grafted into the CN may be able to reverse behavioral deficits in MPTP-treated monkeys.
Amores humanos, amores divinos. La Vita Christi de sor Isabel de Villena

La Vita Christi de Sor Isabel de Villena es un textos de enorme relevancia escrito en la Edad Media. Basado en la Vita Christi de Ludolfo de Sajonia, el Cartujano, puede en realidad interpretarse como una Vita Mariae , pues en el se presta atencion particular al papel de la Virgen en la vida de Cristo. Este articulo analiza los paralelos entre esta obra y las prosas mitologicas de Joan Rois de Corella. En los dos puede verse un interes en temas amorosos y en la descripcion de los afectos y el mundo interior emocional de los personajes.
Renal perfusion-excretion determination as “split-function study” in diagnosis of segmental renal artery stenosis in a child

Abstract A case of renal artery stenosis (RAS) is described in a seven-year-old boy. The pre-operative renal perfusion-excretion determination (RPED) was diagnostic of renal artery stenosis. In addition, after corrective surgery the postoperative RPED showed relatively normal values with a decrease in tubular transport time (TTT), an anticipated finding in patients with corrected RAS. This patient also represents an interesting example of intrarenal collateral vessel formation in an ischemic kidney.
The Patient with Acute Kidney Injury

During the past half decade there has been a paradigm shift in the view of acute kidney disease that has resulted in a change in nomenclature from the older term, "acute renal failure," to "acute kidney injury" (AKI). This article reviews the new criteria for diagnosis and staging of AKI and summarizes the current understanding of the many causes of AKI and the approach to diagnosis and management.
Knowing, feeling, and liking a psychophysiological study of attraction☆

Abstract Skin conductance and heart rate were recorded during verbal exchanges in which subjects were either agreed or disagreed with on a variety of issues. The manipulation of attitude similarity had significant effects on interpersonal attraction, perceived competence, and skin conductance, but not on heart rate. Disagreement produced higher skin conductance than agreement, and speaking was more arousing than listening. The correlations between arousal and attraction showed that heightened arousal was associated with both attraction toward agreers and dislike toward disagreers. As predicted, the linear relationship between attitude similarity and attraction increased in slope (0.00, 3.75, 8.75) with increasing levels of conductance (low, medium, high). The failure of subjects to prefer agreers to disagreers under conditions of low arousal suggests that information without affect does not influence attraction.
Studying the Characteristics of Arrest Frequency among Paroled Youthful Offenders

In recent years, much attention has been devoted to developing appropriate analytical methods to model criminal careers. Largely ignored in this methodological debate is the study of how the criminal behavior patterns of active offenders are related to individual characteristics. This article presents an analysis of the postrelease offending patterns of two cohorts of male youth released by the California Youth Authority in 1981 to 1982 and 1986 to 1987. The focus of the analysis is the frequency of arrest during the first three years following release. Negative binomial models are used to examine the relationship between a variety of factors that have been linked theoretically and empirically to the frequency of offending. Results suggest that measures of individual and geographic characteristics can be used to predict the average arrest frequencies and their variation among paroled youthful offenders. These findings suggest that there may be useful distinctions to be made among offending populations.
Hume and Philosophical Analysis

In his article entitled “Moore and Philosophical Analysis”, Professor Morris Lazerowitz selects Hume's analysis of causality as an example of the way in which philosophers have in the past misleadingly stated what they were trying to do. Professor Lazerowitz asserts at least three things of Hume's analysis. (1)Since Hume insisted that there was no impression of necessary connection, it follows that Hume could not have been examining sequences of events. (2)Therefore, Hume must have been doing something else; namely, misleadingly calling attention to the fact that it always makes literal sense to say of any two supposedly causal events that they are only accidentally connected. Hume, in other words, deprived causal verbs of their use “by linguistic fiat” so that he could more pointedly illustrate the likeness between causal and accidental-occurrence statements.
A PARTIAL LIFE TABLE FOR THE DOUGLAS-FIR CONE MOTH, BARBARA COLFAXIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

A population of the Douglas-fir cone moth, Barbara colfaxiana (Kft.), was studied on the Buckhead Seed Production Area, Lowell Ranger District, Willamette National Forest, Oregon, during 1971. Factors contributing to the mortality of B . colfaxiana are presented in a partial life table and discussed. The egg – instar I was identified as the critical age interval and resinosis the critical factor.
17β-estradiol induces Ca2+ influx, dendritic and nuclear Ca2+ rise and subsequent cyclic AMP response element-binding protein activation in hippocampal neurons: A potential initiation mechanism for estrogen neurotrophism

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal and cortical neurons. The neurotrophic effect of E2 seen in vitro has also been observed in vivo by other investigators who found that E2 enhances the density of dendritic spines involved in neuronal synaptic connection. To investigate the rapid upstream mechanisms initiating the E2 neurotrophic effect, we tested the hypothesis that E2 would directly activate Ca2+ influx in primary hippocampal neurons, which would result in activation of the transcription factor, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and regulate E2 enhancement of neurite outgrowth. Using fura-2 ratiometric and fluo-3 Ca2+ imaging, we demonstrated that E2 induced a significant rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) through E2-induced Ca2+ influx. Interestingly, the rise in [Ca2+]i occurred not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus and dendrites of hippocampal neurons. Since CREB is activated by Ca2+-dependent kinases and is required for certain aspects of synaptic plasticity, we investigated whether E2 would lead to activation of CREB. Western immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analyses revealed that E2 induced rapid CREB activation consistent with rapid intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which was dependent on the influx of extracellular Ca2+. E2-induced increase in dendritic spine marker protein spinophilin was abolished following treatment with a small interfering RNA against CREB, indicating that E2-induced neurotrophic effect requires the upstream CREB activation. Results of these analyses indicate that E2-induced neurotrophic responses are mediated by a Ca2+ signaling cascade that is dependent upon extracellular Ca2+ and CREB activation. These data provide insights into the initiating mechanisms required to activate the estrogen neurotrophic response and provide a mechanistic framework for determining the neurotrophic efficacy of existing and emerging estrogen therapies for the brain.
Incremental and Comprehensive Strategic Information Systems Planning in an Uncertain Environment

Strategic information systems planning (SISP) is a critical challenge for organizations. Some researchers have suggested that more incremental SISP in an uncertain environment produces greater planning success, while others have suggested that more comprehensive SISP does so in that environment. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of incremental versus comprehensive SISP on SISP success in environments of varying uncertainty. A questionnaire defined SISP in terms of characteristics of incremental and comprehensive planning. It measured environmental uncertainty in terms of 1) the changeability and unpredictability components of dynamism, 2) heterogeneity, and 3) the scarcity and competition components of hostility. It assessed planning success as a second-order construct composed of alignment, analysis, cooperation, and capabilities. A postal survey collected data from 161 IS executives. The constructs were extensively validated. In general, greater SISP comprehensiveness predicted greater SISP success. Greater changeability and unpredictability, however, weakened the impact of such SISP on success. On the other hand, as the environment became more competitive, more comprehensive SISP led to greater SISP success. These findings contribute by suggesting that planners should expect comprehensive SISP to be less effective as changeability and unpredictability increase, but more effective as competition increases
Hyperlipidemia Promotes Thrombosis After Injury to Atherosclerotic Vessels in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

The increased risk of hyperlipidemia on the development of complications of atherosclerosis is well established. Cholesterol-lowering therapies lead to a decrease in the incidence of vascular thrombotic events that is out of proportion to the reduction in plaque size. This suggests that the occurrence of acute thrombosis overlying a disrupted plaque is influenced by changes in lipid levels. The influence of acute hyperlipidemia on the development of thrombosis overlying an atherosclerotic plaque in vivo has not been extensively studied. We used a murine model of vascular injury induced by a photochemical reaction to elicit thrombus formation overlying an atherosclerotic plaque. Fifteen apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were maintained on normal chow until the age of 30 weeks. Five days before the induction of thrombosis, 6 mice were started on a high fat diet, and 9 mice were continued on normal chow. Mice then underwent photochemical injury to the common carotid artery immediately proximal to the carotid bifurcation, where an atherosclerotic plaque is consistently present. Mice maintained on normal chow developed occlusive thrombi, determined by cessation of blood flow, 44+/-5 minutes (mean+/-SEM) after photochemical injury, whereas mice fed a high fat chow developed occlusive thrombosis at 27+/-3 minutes (P<0.02). Histological analysis confirmed the presence of acute thrombus formation overlying an atherosclerotic plaque. These studies demonstrate a useful model for assessing the determinants of thrombosis in the setting of atherosclerosis and show that acute elevations in plasma cholesterol facilitate thrombus formation at sites of atherosclerosis after vascular injury.
Spectral renormalization method for computing self-localized solutions to nonlinear systems

A new numerical scheme for computing self-localized states—or solitons—of nonlinear waveguides is proposed. The idea behind the method is to transform the underlying equation governing the soliton, such as a nonlinear Schrodinger-type equation, into Fourier space and determine a nonlinear nonlocal integral equation coupled to an algebraic equation. The coupling prevents the numerical scheme from diverging. The nonlinear guided mode is then determined from a convergent fixed point iteration scheme. This spectral renormalization method can find wide applications in nonlinear optics and related fields such as Bose–Einstein condensation and fluid mechanics.
VOCAL REPERTOIRE OF THE BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE

Describes the physical characteristics, usages, and probable functions of 11 vocali- zations of adult Black-capped Chickadees and 2 of the young. Some modifications of the vocal repertoire as compared with other passefines are associated with sociality and hole-nesting. The Fee-bee, usually considered the song of this chickadee, is less complex than some call notes and also has some differences in function compared to the songs of other passefines. The two most complex calls (Chick-a-dee and Gargle) are associated with social activities. Vocal signals tend toward sexual segregation, which may be important in a monomorphic species. The vocalizations of this species are compared with those of other parids, and selection pressures acting on the structure of vocalizations are discussed. The more complex vocalizations of this species are being
Eltrombopag for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with malignant and non-malignant hematologic disorders

Introduction: Eltrombopag (EP) is an orally bioavailable, non-peptide, thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) agonist developed to stimulate platelet production. EP is a small hydrazone molecule which interacts with the transmembrane domain of TPO-R and promotes megakaryopoiesis, and a subsequent increase in platelet number. To date, multiple large clinical trials have demonstrated the ability of EP to reduce the burden of thrombocytopenia and its associated side effects in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia purpura and patients with hepatitis-C related thrombocytopenia. Given these promising results and the morbidity associated with thrombocytopenia in cancer patients, there is significant interest in investigating the role of EP for thrombocytopenia secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Areas covered: In this review, the authors address the potential utility of EP for patients with AML and MDS with thrombocytopenia. The review provides an overview of the ratio...
The politics of resilient cities: whose resilience and whose city?

It is vital to acknowledge the socio-political complexity of the deployment of the term ‘resilience’ and to develop a more unified set of expectations for the professions and disciplines that use it. Applied to cities, resilience is particularly problematic, yet also retains promise. Like resilience, the term ‘city’ is also subject to multiple contending definitions, depending on the scale and on whether the focus is on physical spaces or social communities. Due to cities and city-regions being organized in ways that both produce and reflect underlying socio-economic disparities, some parts are much more resilient than others and therefore vulnerability is often linked to both topography and income. Uneven resilience threatens the ability of cities as a whole to function economically, socially and politically. Resilience can only remain useful as a concept and as progressive practice if it is explicitly associated with the need to improve the life prospects of disadvantaged groups. This dimension is often...
The ultimate combination immunotherapy

Cancer therapy typically involves some combination of surgery, radiation, and drugs. The latter includes chemotherapy agents that disrupt cell division, targeted therapies like small molecules that block a signaling pathway, and immunotherapy-like checkpoint blockade, which takes the brakes off the
Patterns of Rapid Motor Responses During Postural Adjustments When Standing in Healthy Subjects and Hemiplegic Patients

The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of postural adjustments during induced body sway in healthy subjects and hemiplegic patients. Electromyograms were taken with surface electrodes from four lower extremity muscles that control ankle, knee, and hip motions. During postural adjustments in 10 healthy subjects, the ankle muscle and the complementary knee muscle contracted in fixed proportion. The first muscle adjustment, acting to stabilize the induced sway, occurred 95 to 118 msec after the onset of the perturbation. The sequence of muscle activation began at the ankle and proceeded proximally. Postural adjustments varied highly in 10 patients with clinically diagnosed right hemiplegia resulting from cerebrovascular accidents. The most frequent abnormalities included 1) synchronous contraction of several or all lower extremity muscles tested, 2) inconsistent patterns of muscle activation throughout each subject's trials, 3) longer, more varied response latencies than with healthy subjects, and 4) distorted sequence of muscle activation.
A Distributed Composite Multiple Criteria Routing Using Distance Vector

In this paper, we develop a Distributed Composite Multiple Criteria Routing approach for wireless networks. Unlike wired networks, wireless network nodes contain limited energy for packet transmission and link connections are unreliable. This necessitates consideration of other routing metrics in addition to latency to achieve optimal network operations. Current network routing algorithms consider only one criterion (e.g. latency, energy, etc.) as a routing metric. Routing criteria are usually conflicting and competing, i.e. one cannot find a route that minimizes total energy consumption, latency and bit error rate simultaneously. The purpose of this paper is to develop new routing methods that can optimize routing considering multiple criteria simultaneously and find the best compromise solution with respect to the user’s preferences. This paper illustrates one specific Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method, namely, Normalized Weighted Additive Utility Function (NWAUF) for solving Multiple Criteria Routing. We first develop a global optimal Multiple Criteria solution. We then develop a Distributed Multiple Criteria Routing. We demonstrate that the Distributed Multiple Criteria Routing can obtain the Global Multiple Criteria solution for selected network problems with reasonable computational time. Extensive simulation results are presented.
The risk of dementia with increased body mass index

Background identification of modifiable risk factors is crucial in the prevention of dementia, given its limited treatment options. Studies on increased body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor for dementia show conflicting results. Methods we systematically retrieved and reviewed longitudinal population-based studies on increased BMI and dementia using a standard protocol. We searched Medline (1966-2006), Ageline (1978-2006), PsychInfo (1966-2006), CINAHL (1982-2006), and other relevant databases, including the reference lists of the eligible articles for review. Included studies were subjected to a quality assessment protocol. Results we identified eight studies that met our selection criteria. These studies covered 1,688 cases of dementia from 28,697 participants. After adjustment for age, smoking, comorbidities, and other confounders, four studies presented significantly increased risk of dementia with elevated BMI. Conclusion this systematic review supports the hypothesis that increased BMI is independently associated with increased risk of dementia. Long-term studies to examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and dementia are needed.
Synthesis and Properties of a Water‐Soluble Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube–Poly(m‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid) Graft Copolymer

Poly(m-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) (PABS), was covalently bonded to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to form a water-soluble nanotube–polymer compound (SWNT–PABS). The conductivity of the SWNT–PABS graft copolymer was about 5.6 × 10–3 S cm–1, which is much higher than that of neat PABS (5.4 × 10–7 S cm–1). The mid-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of an amide bond between the SWNTs and PABS. The 1H NMR spectrum of SWNT–PABS showed the absence of free PABS, while the UV/VIS/NIR spectrum of SWNT–PABS showed the presence of the interband transitions of the semiconducting SWNTs and an absorption at 17 750 cm–1 due to the PABS addend.
Social Sources Of Racial Disparities In Health

Racial disparities in mortality over time reflect divergent pathways to the current large racial disparities in health. The residential concentration of African Americans is high and distinctive, and the related inequities in neighborhood environments, socioeconomic circumstances, and medical care are important factors in initiating and maintaining racial disparities in health. Efforts are needed to identify and maximize health-enhancing resources that may reduce some of the negative effects of psychosocial factors on health. Health and health disparities are embedded in larger historical, geographic, sociocultural, economic, and political contexts. Changes in a broad range of public policies are likely to be central to effectively addressing racial disparities.
Single trial independent component analysis for P300 BCI system

A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a device that allows the user to communicate with the world without utilizing voluntary muscle activity (i.e., using only the electrical activity of the brain). It makes use of the well-studied observation that the brain reacts differently to different stimuli, as a function of the level of attention allotted to the stimulus stream and the specific processing triggered by the stimulus. In this article we present a single trial independent component analysis (ICA) method that is working with a BCI system proposed by Farwell and Donchin. It can dramatically reduce the signal processing time and improve the data communicating rate. This ICA method achieved 76.67% accuracy on single trial P300 response identification.
Brownian dynamics simulation of model polymer fluids in shear flow. I: Dumbbell models

Abstract We report results of Brownian dynamics simulations of kinetic theory models for dilute polymer solutions in a shear flow. The simulations include examination of the effects of hydrodynamic interactions and excluded volume. Hydrodynamic interactions are modeled by the Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa tensor. The strain rate dependence of the shear viscosity and first normal stress difference are compared for Hookean and FENE dumbbell models.
Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, and Toxicity of Folic Acid-Coated Antiretroviral Nanoformulations

The drug delivery platform for folic acid (FA)-coated nanoformulated ritonavir (RTV)-boosted atazanavir (FA-nanoATV/r) using poloxamer 407 was developed to enhance cell and tissue targeting for a range of antiretroviral drugs. Such formulations would serve to extend the drug half-life while improving the pharmacokinetic profile and biodistribution to reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To this end, we now report enhanced pharmacokinetics and drug biodistribution with limited local and systemic toxicities of this novel nanoformulation. The use of FA as a targeting ligand for nanoATV/r resulted in plasma and tissue drug concentrations up to 200-fold higher compared to equimolar doses of native drug. In addition, ATV and RTV concentrations in plasma from mice on a folate-deficient diet were up to 23-fold higher for mice administered FA-nanoATV/r than for mice on a normal diet. Compared to earlier nanoATV/r formulations, FA-nanoATV/r resulted in enhanced and sustained plasma and tissue ATV concentrations. In a drug interaction study, ATV plasma and tissue concentrations were up to 5-fold higher in mice treated with FA-nanoATV/r than in mice treated with FA-nanoATV alone. As observed in mice, enhanced and sustained plasma concentrations of ATV were observed in monkeys. NanoATV/r was associated with transient local inflammation at the site of injection. There were no systemic adverse reactions associated with up to 10 weeks of chronic exposure of mice or monkeys to FA-nanoATV/r.
Variation for Resistance to Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) Among Tomato Inbred Backcross Lines Derived from Wild Lycopersicon Species

Two tomato inbred backcross line (IBL) populations, derived from crosses between aphid-susceptible Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Peto 95-43' X resistant wild L. pennellii Corr (D'arcy) accession LA716, and Peto 95-43 X resistant wild L. hirsutum f. glabratum Mull accession LA407, were evaluated in replicated field experiments for resistance to potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Aphid infestation scores for each IBL and control (LA716, LA407, Peto 95-43, and susceptible 'Alta') plot were recorded weekly for 5 and 9 wk during the summers of 2000 and 2001, respectively. Aphid infestation scores from leaflets were used to calculate area under the infestation pressure curve (AUIPC), a measure of aphid infestation throughout the growing season, for each IBL and control. Score AUIPC was highly correlated with actual aphid count AUIPC, indicating that scores accurately reflected aphid infestation. Score AUIPC was also highly correlated across both years (2000 and 2001) and locations. Low score AUIPC was significantly correlated with larger plant size and sprawling, indeterminate plant growth habit. Seven IBLs, LA716, and LA407 were significantly more resistant to aphids (lower score AUIPC) than susceptible parent Peto 95-43 in both years. Two IBLs, 1034 and 1051, were not significantly different from resistant LA407 for score AUIPC in both years. The seven aphid-resistant IBLs identified here can be useful as donor parent material for resistance breeding efforts in cultivated tomato.
Publishing Trends in Two American Journals in Anesthesiology—Results of an 80-Year Geographical Survey

Abstract Background We examined publication trends in two major American journals devoted to anesthesia to understand the geographical distribution of authorship and attempt to decipher the factors that influence this distribution. Methods In addition to bibliometric information for all articles published in Anesthesiology between 1941 and 2010 and Anesthesia & Analgesia between 1931 and 2010, we also collected information about the country, continent, and medical school or institution from which the articles were submitted. Results The top five countries that published research in these journals were the United States, Japan, Germany, Canada, and France. More than 50% of the published articles were submitted from the United States. However, US publications have steadily and significantly declined over the decades. Contributions from Europe and Asia (especially China) have shown marked increases. US spending on research, especially biomedical research, has remained essentially unchanged and declined in some areas, whereas it has increased steadily in some of the other countries we discuss. Conclusions There is a significantly increased prominence in publishing from countries other than the United States. The reasons for this include the convenience of Web-based submission, an increased desire by researchers from around the world to publish in journals considered prestigious, English becoming the preferred language of communication amongst academicians in science, the advent of globalization, and a decrease in public research funding in the United States relative to other countries.
TAPPING AUTHENTIC EXPERIENCE

(2005). TAPPING AUTHENTIC EXPERIENCE. Journal of Pastoral Theology: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 21-32.
Chiral nanocomposites: Hand-twisting light.

Macroscopic deformation can induce chirality in initially achiral nanoparticle composites, and reversibly modulate their chiroptical properties.
Neighborhood Characteristics That Support Bicycle Commuting: Analysis of the Top 100 U.S. Census Tracts

This study examined American Community Survey journey-to-work data from 2008 to 2012 to identify the characteristics of neighborhoods with the highest levels of bicycle commuting in the United States. The 100 census tracts with the highest bicycle commute mode shares (top 100 census tracts) were identified and paired with 100 other randomly selected census tracts from the same county (100 comparison census tracts). As a whole, the top 100 census tracts had a bicycle commute mode share of 21%. Seventy of the top 100 census tracts were in locations that had fewer than 10 days per year with high temperatures below 32°F (0°C), and 68 were within 2 mi (3.2 km) of a college or university campus. Seventeen had relatively low college populations and were in high-density neighborhoods close to large city central business districts. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of a paired tract being in the top 100 rather than the comparison tract. After climate and topography were controlled...
GPS STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS FOR ON-ORBIT SERVICING

BACKGROUND On-orbit servicing of space systems may provide a means to implement new capabilities and to increase useful life. While me cost effectiveness of servicing architectures has been the subject of several studies, the impact of servicing on spacecraft design has not been fully addressed. The Aerospace Corporation, in cooperation with the Air Force Institute of Technology, recently conducted a preliminary assessment of structural modifications necessary to enable servicing of GPS spacecraft. Two scenarios were considered: addition of new components on-orbit, and replacement of existing components. Design modifications compatible with remote servicer concepts ranging from microsatellites to multi-arm robotic servicers were identified. The additional structural mass for servicing features was estimated using a combination of sizing algorithms and extrapolation from existing hardware. Then, an estimate of the system mass impact was determined by including modifications to power and processing requirements. Depending on the level of serviceability, the spacecraft on-orbit mass increases from 100 to 700 lb. While the mass impact may be manageable, the implementation of such concepts will depend on the resolution of several technical challenges including: design of thermal and electrical disconnects, maintenance of EMC integrity, avoidance of antenna and solar array blockage during servicing, attitude control of a coupled system, and on-orbit verification of new components.
Passivity Based Backstepping Control for Trajectory Tracking Using a Hydraulic Transformer

Throttling loss is a major contributor to the low system efficiency in hydraulic systems. Hydraulic transformers can potentially be an energy efficient, throttle-less control approach for multi-actuators systems powered by a common pressure rail (CPR). The transformer transforms the input CPR pressure to the desired pressure of the actuator instead of throttling it. Regenerative energy can also be captured. For transformers to be useful, they must also have good control performance. This paper presents a a passivity based trajectory tracking controller for a hydraulic actuator driven by a transformer consisting of two mechanically coupled variable displacement pump/motors. In addition to controlling the motion of the actuator, the transformer speed can also be regulated at the most efficient operating speed. The nonlinear controller is designed using a Lyapunov function that is based upon a recently discovered natural energy storage function for hydraulic actuators. Experimental results validate the efficacy of this controller.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Forms of Exclusion: Undocumented Students Navigating Financial Aid and Inclusion in the United States

Excluded from public financial aid because of their immigration status, undocumented youth in the United States frequently depend on private schools’ merit-based financial aid. This aid, which operates according to a neoliberal logic, provides them with a critical pathway to tertiary education and potentially to institutional and national inclusion. Yet this private-sector inclusion ultimately harms their sense of public belonging, as shown by the experiences of undocumented Latino youth in Nashville, Tennessee. Students who do not meet the schools’ high standards cannot access either institutional or civic inclusion; those who can meet the standards experience inclusion as contingent on continued excellence. Their experiences reveal the critical role that private institutions play in mediating undocumented people's national inclusion and how neoliberal merit restricts the terms of this inclusion. [undocumented migrants, inclusion, exclusion, higher education, neoliberalism, bureaucratic documents, United States]
Converting Multi-Shell and Diffusion Spectrum Imaging to High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging.

Multi-shell and diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) are becoming increasingly popular methods of acquiring diffusion MRI data in a research context. However, single-shell acquisitions, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI), still remain the most common acquisition schemes in practice. Here we tested whether multi-shell and DSI data have conversion flexibility to be interpolated into corresponding HARDI data. We acquired multi-shell and DSI data on both a phantom and in-vivo human tissue and converted them to HARDI. The correlation and difference between their diffusion signals, anisotropy values, diffusivity measurements, fiber orientations, connectivity matrices, and network measures were examined. Our analysis result showed that the diffusion signals, anisotropy, diffusivity, and connectivity matrix of the HARDI converted from multi-shell and DSI were highly correlated with those of the HARDI acquired on the MR scanner, with correlation coefficients around 0.8~0.9. The average angular error between converted and original HARDI was 20.7o at voxels with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 5. The network topology measures had less than 2% difference, whereas the average nodal measures had a percentage difference around 4~7%. In general, multi-shell and DSI acquisitions can be converted to their corresponding single-shell HARDI with high fidelity. This supports multi-shell and DSI acquisitions over HARDI acquisition as the scheme of choice for diffusion acquisitions.
Reconstruction of magnetic resonance images from EPI data

We present a method for reconstructing magnetic resonance (MR) images from data acquired using echo-planar imaging (EPI) techniques. All data were acquired from a commercial scanner, the 1.5 Tesla Picker Vista HPQ MR imaging system, equipped with a special, high- performance, gradient system. Blipped echo planar imaging (BEPI) was performed, with and without digitizer pausing during data acquisition. Both sinusoidal and trapezoidal readout gradients were programmed and tested. Samples obtained from the gradient amplifier current monitors were used to calculate the approximate position of every sample obtained in the spatial-frequency (k-space) plane. A convolution function with compact support int he k-space and good rolloff in the image domain was used to resample the data onto a lattice permitting the use of fast transformation methods to the image domain. Strong ghosting was observed in the resulting images due probably to static magnetic field variation, gradient asymmetry and echo asymmetry between data lines. A piecewise-linear function was used to model the introduced ghost and hence to remove pixels in the reconstructed image which were determined to be spurious. Initial results are promising.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Can Student Assistants Effectively Provide Chat Reference Services? Student Transcripts vs. Librarian Transcripts

ABSTRACTTo determine if undergraduate student information desk assistants were effectively staffing the library's chat reference service, librarians at Bowling Green State University embarked on a chat transcript analysis project, comparing the performance of librarians to student assistants. Although student desk assistants generally did not perform as well as librarians, it was concluded that with a renewed emphasis on continual oversight and training, students were a very viable option for staffing a chat reference service.
Joseph Sung-Yul Park and Lionel Wee, Markets of English: linguistic capital and language policy in a globalizing world

The analysis of the value and central role of the English language in an increasingly globalised world is a fascinating scholarly endeavour, pivotal to increasing our understanding of the evolving ...
Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists, Left Ventricular Morphology, and Heart Failure Risk: The MESA Study

AbstractBackground: Myocardial H2 receptor activation may promote cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in pre-clinical models and histamine H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use may improve symptoms in parti...
Intensive herbicide use has selected for constitutively elevated levels of stress‐responsive mRNAs and proteins in multiple herbicide‐resistant Avena fatua L

BACKGROUND Intensive use of herbicides has led to the evolution two multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) Avena fatua (wild oat) populations in Montana that are resistant to members of all selective herbicide families available for A. fatua control in U.S. small grain crops. We used transcriptome and proteome surveys to compare constitutive changes in MHR and herbicide susceptible (HS) plants associated with non-target site resistance (NTSR). RESULTS Compared to HS plants, MHR plants contained constitutively elevated levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with functions in xenobiotic catabolism, stress response, redox maintenance, and transcriptional regulation that are similar to abiotic-stress tolerant phenotypes. Proteome comparisons identified similarly elevated proteins including biosynthetic and multifunctional enzymes in MHR plants. Of 25 DEGs validated by RT-qPCR assay, differential regulation of 21 co-segregated with flucarbazone-sodium herbicide resistance in F3 families, and a subset of 10 of these were induced or repressed in herbicide-treated HS plants. CONCLUSIONS Although the individual and collective contributions of these DEGs and proteins to MHR remain to be determined, our results support the idea that intensive herbicide use has selected for MHR populations with altered, constitutively-regulated patterns of gene expression that are similar to those in abiotic stress-tolerant plants.
Rattled: Analysis of Facial Trauma Among Toddlers.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the national incidence of facial trauma among toddlers and delineate patterns of injury and their causes. Methods A retrospective review was designed to explore patterns of maxillofacial trauma within toddler-aged children using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The database was searched for emergency department visits involving facial trauma sustained by children 12 months through 3 years of age from 2010 through 2014 and analyzed for patient demographics, primary diagnosis, and associated products/activities. Subset analyses were performed between age groups to determine the relationship between causes of injury and age using extrapolated national incidences. Results A sample of 45,249 patients extrapolated to an estimated 1.3 million emergency department visits for facial trauma in toddlers from 2010 to 2014, averaging 260,000 annually. Injuries involving foreign bodies and fractures had a higher incidence in toddlers 2 years or older, and fractures comprised fewer than 1% of facial injuries in any age group. Furniture was the most common source of trauma overall, with a higher frequency among toddlers aged 12 to 17 months. Trauma in the setting of sports was more common in toddlers aged 3 years. Conclusions The low incidence of facial fractures further supports recommendations against routine imaging in toddler facial trauma and suggests that more focus should be placed on investigating for concurrent traumas and soft tissue injuries where fractures are involved. Our findings highlight prevention opportunities, particularly in furniture-related injuries for toddlers aged 12 to 17 months and sports-related traumas in toddlers aged 3 years. Our study also suggests restricting certain toys from 3-year-old toddlers to decrease the risk of aspiration.