cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An optimal link layer model for multi-hop MIMO networks

The rapid advances of MIMO to date have mainly stayed at the physical layer. Such fruits have not been fully benefited at the network layer mainly due to the computational complexity associated with the matrix-based model that MIMO involves. Recently, there are some efforts to simplify link layer model for MIMO so as to ease research for the upper layers. These models only require numeric computations on MIMO's degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) for spatial multiplexing (SM) and interference cancellation (IC) to obtain a feasible rate region. Thus, these models are much simpler than the original matrix-based model from the communications world. However, none of these DoF-based models is shown to achieve the same rate region as that by the matrix-based model. In this paper, we re-visit this important problem of MIMO modeling. Based on accurate accounting of how DoFs are consumed, we develop a simple link layer model for multi-hop MIMO networks. We show that this model is optimal in the sense of achieving the same rate region as that by the matrix-based model under SM and IC for any network topology. This work offers an important building block for theoretical research on multi-hop MIMO networks.
The FSI/ILR/ACTFL Proficiency Scales and Testing Techniques: Development, Current Status, and Needed Research

The major purposes of this article are to briefly describe the rationale and history of development of the “proficiency-based” testing movement in the United States, its current status, and areas in which additional research and development work are recommended to enhance both the psychometric validity and practical value of this approach.
Design of target systems for production of PET nuclides

Target designs are presented for production of “C, 13N, “0 and “F by proton and deuteron reactions. Seven targets of two basic configurations (gas and water) and their respective manifold and control systems are detailed with design specifications and operational characteristics for the production of “C-CO*, “C-HCN, 13N-NH:, “O-02, ‘*F-F- and “F-F2 precursors. Short irradiation times (5-20 min) and high current (30 PA) are used to produce near theoretical quantities of labeled PET precursors. Positron emission tomography is a diagnsstic imaging technique that is used to noninvasively measure physiologic and bi~he~~ function of the human body. Short-lived positron emitting nuclides produced by compact cyclotrons are incorporated into specific biochemicals identical to or compatible with naturally occurring biomolecules within the body. The need to supply radionuclidic precursors on demand for clinical studies, ra~oph~aceutic~ research and animal biodistribution studies taxes the production capabilities of many existing accelerator/target systems. Early production of medically important positron emitters employed nuclear physics cyclotrons with limited beam output. Present compact cyclotrons (negative and positive ion) are designed to deliver up to 100 PA or more of current with a beam diameter of I 10 mm. Cross sectional intensity of the beam is more uniform and approaches a step function in shape. Particles are extracted at fixed energies. Optimization of the cyclotron design contributes to its simplicity and, therefore, to its higher performance (higher extracted current). Greater production yields are achieved by further optimizing the targetry for maximum utilization of cross-section and minimal loss of activity from incident particle scatter. Contamination of target materials (gases, tubes, target body, valves, etc.) can lead to competitive labeling of specific chemical sites with nonradioactive isotopes (“C for ‘lC) which reduces overall specific activity and diminishes the effectiveness of the particular radiopharmaceutical.
On the reliability of dependable soft real-time cooperating systems

We consider real time systems where multiple agents cooperate to jointly achieve the system goal. Further, the quality of the output of each agent has a fuzzy rather than a binary (pass/fail) value. The system model is defined and illustrated using examples from manufacturing and defense systems. Then, the reliability models for various types of service expectations are formulated and applied to a multiple agent coordination system.
Numerical study of the phase behavior of rods in solution: Warner–Flory model with polydisperse system of rods

Phase equilibria of polydisperse rods in solution are studied in terms of the Warner–Flory model. Numerical calculations are made with a Gaussian-like asymmetric distribution of rod lengths. The aim of these studies is to investigate (i) the dependence of the phase diagram on the shape of the polydispersity distribution function and (ii) the isotropic–anisotropic phase separation within the coexistence range. It is shown that, as a consequence of polydispersity, even for a narrow distribution, the phase diagram is very simple, with only one type of anisotropic phase present. However, within the biphasic range, the properties of the anisotropic phase vary significantly with temperature. At high temperatures, they are essentially governed by steric effects and at low temperatures by both steric effects and soft anisotropic interactions between the rods.
A burst-oriented traffic control framework for ATM networks

ATM networks are intended to accommodate all traffic types, including highly bursty traffic. In this paper, we present a traffic control framework for handling bursty traffic on a burst-by-burst basis. The protocol and associated mechanisms are designed to handle bursts of related cells as units. Hence, cells in a burst are forwarded or dropped as a unit. The framework includes mechanisms to allow a connection to acquire resources at a switch when a burst arrives and to release them when a burst leaves. In addition, techniques for bundling such bursty connections into virtual paths are described. A candidate burst-oriented call admission control scheme is also presented. The performance of the burst-oriented approach is then analyzed.
Improving Employment Outcomes of Individuals With Disabilities Through Short-Term Postsecondary Training

Young adults with and without disabilities who complete postsecondary education, including occupational training, significantly improve their employment rates and financial well-being. This study e...
Multiple myeloma cell-derived microvesicles are enriched in CD147 expression and enhance tumor cell proliferation

// Bonnie K. Arendt 1 , Denise K. Walters 1 , Xiaosheng Wu 1 , Renee C. Tschumper 1 and Diane F. Jelinek 1,2 1 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 2 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN Correspondence: Diane F. Jelinek , email: // Keywords : MPT0G030, PKCδ, E-cadherin, HDAC, differentiation Received : June 20, 2014 Accepted : July 2, 2014 Published : July 3, 2014 Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. There is a growing literature that tumor cells release biologically active microvesicles (MVs) that modify both local and distant microenvironments. In this study, our goals were to determine if MM cells release MVs, and if so, begin to characterize their biologic activity. Herein we present clear evidence that not only do both patient MM cells and human MM cell lines (HMCLs) release MVs, but that these MVs stimulate MM cell growth. Of interest, MM-derived MVs were enriched with the biologically active form of CD147, a transmembrane molecule previously shown by us to be crucial for MM cell proliferation. Using MVs isolated from HMCLs stably transfected with a CD147-GFP fusion construct (CD147 GFP ), we observed binding and internalization of MV-derived CD147 with HMCLs. Cells with greater CD147 GFP internalization proliferated at a higher rate than did cells with less CD147 GFP association. Lastly, MVs obtained from CD147 downregulated HMCLs were attenuated in their ability to stimulate HMCL proliferation. In summary, this study demonstrates the significance of MV shedding and MV-mediated intercellular communication on malignant plasma cell proliferation, and identifies the role of MV-enriched CD147 in this process.
Studies on adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats. II. Histogenesis of joint and visceral lesions.

Mycobacterium butyricum in olive oil was injected intradermally and the sequential histologic changes in viscera and joints determined. Foci of suppuration in viscera occurred concomitantly with the onset of suppurative arthritis and periarthritis. The acute visceral lesions underwent healing by the time of onset of macroscopic polyarthritis. These observations are interpreted as evidence for an important infectious component in adjuvant-induced disease. Mycobacterium butyricum in oleo de oliva esseva injicite in rattos per via intradermal, e le alterationes histologic in le visceres e articulationes esseva determinate sequentialmente. Focos de suppuration in le visceres occurreva concomitantemente con le declaration de arthritis e periarthritis suppurative. Le acute lesiones visceral esseva in stadio de guarir se al tempore del declaration de polyarthritis macroscopic. Iste observationes es interpretate como evidentia pro un importante componente infectiose in morbo inducite per un adjuvante.
An EREW PRAM algorithm for image component labeling

An important midlevel task for computer vision is addressed. The problem consists of labeling connected components in N/sup 1/2/*N/sup 2/2/ binary images. This task can be solved with parallel computers by using a simple and novel algorithm. The parallel computing model used is a synchronous fine-grained shared-memory model where only one processor can read from or write to the same memory location at a given time. This model is known as the exclusive-read exclusive-write parallel RAM (EREW PRAM). Using this model, the algorithm presented has O(log N) complexity. The algorithm can run on parallel machines other than the EREW PRAM. In particular, it offers an optimal image component labeling algorithm for mesh-connected computers. >
Near-earth asteroids detection rate with LISA

The LISA space mission, designed to monitor low frequency gravitational waves, is also sensitive to passages of asteroids nearby one of its three spacecrafts. We report the expected rate of detections of asteroid passages, using the known catalog of asteroids and a modeled population. The method adopted consists of determining for each known asteroid the critical encounter distance capable of producing a detectable event, and then computing the rate of encounters within this distance. Results are then scaled to the modeled population using its differential distribution in absolute magnitude, correcting for selection effects. We find that an average of 2.0 ± 0.1 events per year at a signal-to-noise ratio of 1 will be detected by LISA, including all the asteroids in the modeled population with absolute magnitude H < 22, roughly equivalent to all asteroids with a diameter larger than 100 m.
DIASTEREOSELECTIVITY IN THE ALKYLATION OF CHIRAL 2-AMINOMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXAPHOSPHORINANE 2-OXIDES

Abstract The alkylation of chiral cyclic diesters of α-aminomethyl-phosphonate derivatives was investigated as a potential route to the asymmetric synthesis of phosphonic acid analogs of α-amino acids. The 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes derived from d,l-2,4-pentanediol (1D-c and 1D-d), which adopt primarily the C-equatorial conformation, were compared to the homologs 1T-c and 1T-e derived from 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, in which the aminomethyl moiety is fixed in the axial configuration. While neither series shows high stereoselectivity (de ≤ 50%), it was shown that the two chiral auxiliaries produce asymmetric induction of the opposite sense.
Analysis of laboratory test results of plague endemic among wild rodent Meriones unguiculatus

Objective To investigate the natural mortality in Meriones unguiculatus in Riverfront district Hongdunzi of Yinchuan, China, antigen test, antibody test, and isolation of Yersinia pestis were performed on the carcasses of the rodents,ectoparasites, and quadrat samples, so as to find a quick detection method for Y. pestis, and to provide a reliable laboratory basis for determination of animal epidemic area and epidemiological analysis of Y. pestis.Methods Yersinia pestiswas detected with the routine detection methods, colloidal gold method, and PCR. CIN medium and Y. pestis special medium were used in culture of Y. pestis.Results Yersinia pestiswas detected by colloidal gold antigen detection, PCR, and medium culture, while CIN color plate was an easier way in culture of Y. pestis and in reading of results. It is also time- and labor-saving.Conclusion Colloidal gold method and PCR detection should be adopted among the underprivileged health care units to save resources in the diagnosis of plague.
A Clinical and Experimental Study of Acquired Inhibitors to Factor VIII

Factor VIII inhibitors which developed in four patients with hemophilia A are described. These inhibitors are apparently specific for Factor VIII and are capable of inducing a transient hemophilic state when injected into dogs. The genesis, properties, and mode of action of these inhibitors can be explained on an immunologic basis and it seems most likely that they represent an antibody to Factor VIII. One hemophilia A patient, with retroperitoneal hematoma and a potent Factor VIII inhibitor, was successfully treated by an exchange transfusion followed by administration of purified porcine Factor VIII.
Young Voters after the 2008 Election: A Disappearing Act?

This study examines the decline in voter turnout among young voters between the 2008 and 2012 elections. Our findings suggest that those young voters who dropped out of the electorate in 2012 were more likely to express feelings of alienation, as measured by the American National Election Studies indices of trust and efficacy. Such “dropout” voters were also more likely to have voted for Barack Obama in the 2008 election. These findings are crucial, as the level of alienation in the 2016 election appears to be even higher, and may influence the outcome of the election.
Chapter 7 Permeability and Relative Permeability in Rocks

Abstract Important features of the topology of the pore space of rocks can be usefully quantified by analyzing digitized images of rock cross-sections. One approach computes statistical correlation functions using modern image-processing techniques. These correlation functions contain information about porosity, specific surface area, tortuosity, formation factor, and elastic constants, as well as the fluid permeability and relative permeability. The physical basis of this approach is discussed and examples of the results for various sandstones are presented. The analysis shows that Kozeny-Carman relations and Archie's empirical laws must be modified to account for finite percolation thresholds in order to avoid unphysical behavior in the calculated relative permeabilities.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis of Direct-Drive Wind Turbines Using Multiscale Filtering Spectrum

Fault diagnosis of the bearings in direct-drive (i.e., no gearbox) wind turbines is a challenging issue due to the varying shaft rotating frequency (SRF) caused by the erratic wind environment. To remove the spectrum smearing phenomena of the SRF-related components and the disturbances of the SRF-unrelated components in a measured signal, this paper proposes a novel method, called multiscale filtering spectrum (MFS), to obtain the weighted energy distribution of the monocomponent signals within a local order range based on the Vold-Kalman filter (VKF). First, the instantaneous SRF of the wind turbine is estimated from a generator current signal. Then, a VKF-based multiscale filter bank is designed according to the center frequencies corresponding to the SRF at different scales. The monocomponent signals whose frequencies are continuous multipliers of the SRF are subsequently extracted from the envelope of the measured current or vibration signal. Finally, a weighted energy spectrum is constructed within the selected order range, from which possible bearing fault characteristic orders can be identified. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed new MFS method can enhance the characteristic orders and suppress the noise, and therefore has better performance than the traditional angular resampling method for bearing fault diagnosis of direct-drive wind turbines under varying speed conditions.
Abstract A01: Centrosome amplification induces autophagy and sensitizes to chloroquine

Autophagy is a catabolic process whereby autophagosomes engulf damaged organelles and proteins and deliver these contents to the lysosome for degradation and subsequent recycling. Proper autophagosome fusion with lysosomes depends on movement along intact microtubules, which are organized by centrosomes in human cells. We have discovered that autophagy is activated by centrosome amplification (CA), a numerical increase in centrosome number. CA is common in human cancers, particularly high-risk cancers, and higher autophagy is predicted to sensitize cancer cells with CA to autophagy inhibition. To test this hypothesis, we first evaluated autophagy in 341 human breast cancers with known CA status by quantifying p62/SQSTM1. Cancers with CA demonstrated a decrease in p62 expression, consistent with elevated autophagy. Next, we evaluated autophagy using western blot and immunofluorescence in two model cell lines of CA: doxycycline-inducible expression of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), an enzyme required for centrosome duplication. Cells with CA demonstrated elevated levels of autophagy by LC3 and p62 immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Third, we tested autophagy inhibitors in our cell models of CA. Our results show that cells with CA are sensitized to the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy is upregulated by CA. We hypothesize that CA induces autophagy by increasing the number of lysosomal hubs (lysosomes tend to cluster around centrosomes) and facilitating transport to these hubs. These findings suggest CA as a biomarker for autophagy inhibition in high-risk cancers. Citation Format: Ryan A. Denu, Mark E. Burkard. Centrosome amplification induces autophagy and sensitizes to chloroquine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A01.
The effect of timescales on wind farm power variability with nonlinear model predictive control

Model predictive control techniques enable operators to balance multiple objectives in large wind farms, but the controller design depends on modeling effects that propagate at different timescales. This paper uses nonlinear model predictive control to investigate how wind farm power variability can be reduced both by varying ratios of three timescales impacting the system control and by inclusion of a power variability minimization measure in the controller objective function. Tests were conducted to assess how different timescale ratios affect the average farm power and power variability. Power variability measures are shown to be sensitive to the ratio of the incident wind period and the turbine time delay, particularly for cases with dominant incident wind frequencies. The average farm power increases in a series of steps as the controller time horizon increases, which corresponds to time horizon values required for wakes disturbances to propagate to downstream turbines. A second set of tests was conducted in which various measures of power variability were incorporated into the controller objective function and shown to yield significant reductions in farm power variability without significant reductions in farm power output. The controller was found to utilize two different approaches for achieving power variability reduction depending on the formulation of the controller objective function. These results have important implications for the design and operation of wind power plants, including the importance of considering the frequency components of wind during turbine siting and the potential to reduce power variability through the use of farm-level coordinated control. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visually Reporting Mass Shootings: U.S. Newspaper Photographic Coverage of Three Mass School Shootings:

Given the intense news coverage that mass shootings receive and recent findings on contagion effects, it is important to examine how news media organizations cover these crimes. While reporting the “who” of news is a standard journalistic practice, there is growing debate regarding the extent to which the perpetrators of mass shootings should be named, pictured, and discussed in news media coverage. Within the theoretical framework of agenda-setting, this study examined U.S. newspaper photographic coverage following three major school shootings. Through content analysis of 4,934 photographs from 9 days of newspaper coverage, this study made several key findings about the overall prominence of photo use, changes in photo use during the 3 days following mass shootings, and comparisons between photos of perpetrators and victims. In particular, the study found empirical evidence that on a photos-per-individual basis, the coverage gave more attention to perpetrators than to individual deceased victims by a rat...
Reactions to violence among African American female survivors of intimate partner victimization

African American (AA) women are victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) at a disproportionate rate; however, few studies have examined such women’s affective responses to violence. An experim...
Rotating scatter mask optimization for gamma source direction identification

Abstract Rotating scattering masks have shown promise as an inexpensive, lightweight method with a large field-of-view for identifying the direction of a gamma emitting source or sources. However, further examination of the current rotating scattering mask design shows that changing the geometry may improve the identification by reducing or eliminating degenerate solutions and lower required count times. These changes should produce more linearly independent characteristics for the mask, resulting in a decrease in the mis-identification probability. Three approaches are introduced to generate alternative mask geometries. The eigenvector method uses a spring–mass system to create a geometry basis. The binary approach uses ones and zeros to represent the geometry with many possible combinations allowing for additional design flexibility. Finally, a Hadamard matrix is modified to examine a decoupled geometric solution. Four criteria are proposed for evaluating these methodologies. An analysis of the resulting detector response matrices demonstrates that these methodologies produced masks with superior identification characteristics than the original design. The eigenvector approach produces the least linearly dependent results, but exhibits a decrease in average efficiency. The binary results are more linearly dependent than the eigenvector approach, but this design achieves a higher average efficiency than original. The Hadamard-based method produced a lower maximum, but a higher average linear dependence than the original design. Further possible design enhancements are discussed.
Locke, Berkeley, and Hume

Suppose we set aside the Cartesian view that mind and matter are two essentially distinct substances. We need not deny that they appear to have contrary natures, mind as active unextended thinking, and matter as passive unthinking extension. As such, matter is said not to be capable of being modified by perceptions, either sensible or cognitive, and mind is said not to be capable of being modified by size, shape, position, and motion or rest. John Locke, examining this tradition, suggests that thinking and extension are merely the nominal essences of mind and matter, and that in fact we may not know their real essences.1 For all we know, mind could have a place and matter could think.2 The modes, ways of being, or properties we call ideas might as well be modifications of real matter as much as of real mind. Perhaps there are not even two substances but only one that manifests both thinking and extension, as Spinoza’s God expresses Himself through the attributes both of thinking and of extension.
Improving on Truncated Estimators

This paper studies estimation of the mean (or a monotone function thereof) of a power series distribution when the parameter is restricted to a proper subset of the natural parameter space. In particular, we find explicit improvements to the MLE except when the mean value parameter is restricted to [0, ψ1] where ψ1 ≤ 2. We show that the MLE is admissible in the above mentioned exceptional case.
Integrating Web-based Activities and Site-based Experiences to Investigate Environmental Issues

This chapter describes how the Environmental Education (EE) course at Lehigh University uses a hybrid approach of instruction using web-based activities and face-to-face site-based experiences to primarily focus on the study of environmental issues in the Lehigh River watershed. Course activities are discussed to illustrate how technology can be used effectively to support EE teaching and learning with prospective and current science teachers. Site visits to areas of environmental concern support and extend the environmental education concepts and skills that are initially developed with web-based materials. Course activities provide teachers with an in-depth content understanding of local environmental issues as well as opportunities to explore pedagogical strategies to promote issues-based approaches to learning. Course materials also take advantage of easily available geospatial information technologies to foster spatial literacy in the curriculum and support learners with the ability to make use of data visualizations for analysis and interpretation when examining environmental issues such as sprawl and land use decision-making. Advantages to using web-enhanced learning environments for EE instruction are discussed.
Affordability of drug treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

e18619Background: Novel treatments have been approved for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to improve patient outcomes; however, their high costs could pose significant barriers to their...
Barriers to Loving: A Clinician's Perspective

Barriers to Loving is an intriguing exploration of the role of sexual love over the course of life. Beginning with the mental health professions’ avoidance of the topic, Levine proposes a compendium of love’s pathologies by reorganizing what is familiar to clinicians into the barriers that limit the formation of adult-adult love, impediments that diminish a partner’s lovability, and the impediments to feeling and expressing love for a partner. Before reviewing scientific contributions to the understanding of love, he explores the topics of sexual excess and infidelity and how they relate to the aspiration to love and be loved. The final two chapters synthesize with clarity what to teach about love to young professionals in order to prepare them for the complexities they will soon encounter and provide a sophisticated answer to the question, What is love? Barriers to Loving integrates humanism, science, and clinical experience in Levine’s long-appreciated unique and mature voice.
Correction to: Property outlaws in the Southland: The potential and limits of guerrilla urbanism in the cases of arts gentrification in Boyle Heights and street vending decriminalization in Los Angeles

Los Angeles has recently been the site of two notable cases of guerrilla urbanism. In one, street vendors formed advocacy groups and a coalition with allies that lobbied city council and overturned a citywide ban on their activity. In another, several Boyle Heights community organizations deployed confrontational tactics to close art events, galleries, and coffee shops to counter gentrification and displacement. This article compares these two cases to find the key role that urban aesthetics and design play in rewriting the dominant spatial order under contemporary conditions of immigrant urbanism. We propose that property outlaw theory from property rights law literature helps us understand the potentially productive role of guerrilla urbanism and its implications for urban design practice. Additionally, spatial and temporal parochialism, and defining the boundaries of what constitutes “the community” are important factors in the efficacy of guerrilla urbanism practice. These cases’ insights can help equip designers to more mindfully practice urban design, knowing the important role that aesthetics play in a larger property rights regime reconstruction project.
A selective extraction method for recovery of monofunctional methoxyphenols from biomass pyrolysis liquids

A selective process to recover monofunctional methoxyphenols (MPs) from biomass pyrolysis liquids has been developed. The process integrates distillation and extraction. Exploiting slight differences between acid strengths of various phenolics enabled the concentration of the MPs. A bio-product containing up to 88 wt% eugenols and guaiacols was recovered.
2004 Survey of Endowed Positions in Entrepreneurship and Related Fields in the United States

The growth in the number of endowed positions in U.S. universities and business schools is a measure of the acceptance and growing status of entrepreneurship research. The number of endowed chairs and professorships in entrepreneurship and related fields grew 71 percent, from 237 in 1999 to 406 in 2003.This report presents the results of the 2004 Endowed Positions Survey on endowed positions in entrepreneurship and related fields. Discussed are results for position demographics, salaries, salary discrepancy, stipends types and amounts, travel and research budgets, course loads, and endowments. Results are given for 52 percent of eligible endowed positions and 70 percent of faculty positions related to entrepreneurship.Appendices discuss background, methodology, strategy, terms, and prior coverage of the survey. A final appendix lists the institution, title, and incumbent of each position. (TNM).
Bioelectrocatalytic Conversion from N2 to Chiral Amino Acids in a H2/α-Keto Acid Enzymatic Fuel Cell.

Enzymatic electrosynthesis is a promising approach to produce useful chemicals with the requirement of external electrical energy input. Enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs) are devices to convert chemical ...
What Determines the fcc-bcc Structural Transformation in Shock Compressed Noble Metals?

High pressure structural transformations are typically characterized by the thermodynamic state (pressure-volume-temperature) of the material. We present in situ x-ray diffraction measurements on laser-shock compressed silver and platinum to determine the role of deformation-induced lattice defects on high pressure phase transformations in noble metals. Results for shocked Ag show a copious increase in stacking faults (SFs) before transformation to the body-centered-cubic (bcc) structure at 144--158 GPa. In contrast, shock compressed Pt remains largely free of SFs and retains the fcc structure to over 380 GPa. These findings, along with recent results for shock compressed gold, show that SF formation promotes high pressure structural transformations in shocked noble metals that are not observed under static compression. Potential SF-related mechanisms for fcc-bcc transformations are discussed.
Control of Fin Shock Induced Flow Separation Using Vortex Generators

This work demonstrates the control of the shock-induced separated flow generated by a sharp fin placed on a cylindrical surface (fin-on-cylinder shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction) with an incid...
Evaluation of Published Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) Data for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Across Aquatic Species

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals of concern across the globe, and some of the PFAS chemicals are known to be bioaccumulative in aquatic species. A literature search for bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for PFAS has been done, and data for 22 taxonomic classes were assembled. The assembled data were evaluated for quality, and for gaps and limitations in bioaccumulation information for the PFAS universe of chemicals. In general, carbonyl and sulfonyl PFAS classes are relatively data rich, whereas phosphate, fluorotelomer, and ether PFAS classes are data limited for fish and nonexistent for most other taxonomic classes. Taxonomic classes with the most measurements were, in descending order, Teleostei (fish), Bivalvia, and Malacostraca. For fish, median whole-body log BAFs (L/kg wet wt) for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid were 3.55 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.83, n = 84) and 2.16 (SD = 0.85, n = 48) using all measurements, respectively. In comparison with freshwater species, data are limited for marine species, and further research is needed to determine whether the BAFs for freshwater and marine species should be the same or different. The BAFs for some PFAS appear to be consistent with the BCFs developed with laboratory experiments, in which values decline with increasing concentrations in water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1530-1543. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Radiation Hardened Millimeter-Wave Receiver Implemented in 90nm, SiGe HBT Technology

This paper presents novel radiation hardening design techniques to substantially reduce the single event effects (SEE) on high-frequency receivers subject to various radiations when operating in space. A W-band (75-110 GHz) receiver front-end implemented in Global Foundry’s 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology is used for studying SEE and investigating the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. Specifically, the mixer is modified to allow for different modes of operation, in addition to introducing matching considerations between the mixer’s gain and switching stages. The receiver includes integrated high frequency signal sources to provide the input radio frequency (RF) and local oscillator (LO) signals for full operation of the proposed millimeter-wave (mmW) receiver. Measurements are taken while the receiver is in normal operation (RF and LO are applied.) The design techniques are carefully analyzed via extensive simulations using equivalent transient current pulses obtained from calibrated Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. A two-photon-absorption (TPA) pulsed laser experiment is used to induce transient currents in the silicon–germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) circuit. Various devices within the mixer are hit from the back side through a hole in the designed printed circuit board (PCB.) The propagated transients are then captured using a high-speed oscilloscope at the output of the receiver. The measurement results, supported by simulations and analysis, validate the robustness of the proposed radiation hardened receiver to SEE.
Performance and Risk Taking Under Threat of Elimination

We revisit the incentive effects of elimination tournaments with a fresh approach to identification, the results of which strongly support that performance improves under the threat of elimination and does so, but only in part, due to increases in risk taking. Where we can separately identify changes in risk-independent performance and risk taking, our estimates suggest that 23 percent of the improvement in performance induced by potential elimination is due to productive increases in risk taking. These effects are concentrated among those closest to the margin of elimination and among lower-ability competitors.
Adjuvant Therapy of Uveal Melanoma

Uveal melanoma is a rare malignancy that often metastasizes, leading to a 15-year survival rate of 50%. Renewed interest in the understanding of the molecular makeup, biology and clinical characteristics of uveal melanoma has resulted in a flurry of new approaches including targeted therapy, epigenetic modulation and immunotherapy. Because we are now able to select the group of patients most likely to develop metastatic disease, adjuvant therapy has become of paramount importance in the quest to impact outcomes in this disease. Here we review historical and recent relevant data in the adjuvant therapy of uveal melanoma.
Improvement in interfacial fracture toughness of multi-material additively manufactured composites through thermal annealing

Abstract An experimental investigation is performed to investigate the effect of post-processing heat treatment on the interfacial fracture toughness of bi-material additively manufactured semi-crystalline polymer composite. An asymmetric double cantilever beam (ADCB) and single-leg bending (SLB) specimens made of polylactic acid (PLA) and Nylon are considered for the mode-I and mixed-mode fracture characterization, respectively. Specimens are isothermally heated in a forced convection oven for a wide range of temperatures and durations. Fracture toughness decreases significantly for both mode-I and mixed-mode conditions when specimens are annealed below the melting temperature of PLA (150 °C). An increase of the crystallinity at the high-temperature annealing prevents the polymer chain mobility, hinders the neck growth, and provides poor intermolecular diffusion resulting in decrease of fracture toughness by 88% as compared to the unannealed specimen. Annealing at 160 °C improves the bi-material interfacial fracture toughness by a maximum of 1225% via sufficient interfacial wetting, higher molecular diffusion, and a longer polymer chain entanglement process. Material transfer, void collapse, and filament impression on the fracture surface of high temperature annealed specimen indicate a better molecular diffusion and strong interlaminar bond at the interface.
Generation of a Gluconobacter oxydans knockout collection for improved extraction of rare earth elements.

Bioleaching of rare earth elements (REEs), using microorganisms such as Gluconobacter oxydans, offers a sustainable alternative to environmentally harmful thermochemical extraction, but is currently not very efficient. Here, we generate a whole-genome knockout collection of single-gene transposon disruption mutants for G. oxydans B58, to identify genes affecting the efficacy of REE bioleaching. We find 304 genes whose disruption alters the production of acidic biolixiviant. Disruption of genes underlying synthesis of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and the PQQ-dependent membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase nearly eliminates bioleaching. Disruption of phosphate-specific transport system genes enhances bioleaching by up to 18%. Our results provide a comprehensive roadmap for engineering the genome of G. oxydans to further increase its bioleaching efficiency. Bioleaching of rare earth elements using microorganisms offers an environmentally friendly alternative to thermochemical extraction. Here, Schmitz et al. generate a whole-genome knockout collection of mutants for one such microorganism, Gluconobacter oxydans, and identify genes affecting the production of acidic biolixiviant and thus bioleaching efficacy.
Time-dependent deformation mechanism of metallic glass in different structural states at different temperatures

Abstract There is limited understanding of time-dependent plastic deformation behavior of amorphous alloys as a function of their structural state. Here, the creep behavior of Zr52.5Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10 bulk metallic glass was investigated in its as-cast and relaxed states using nanoindentation technique with applied load in the range of 500–1500 mN and temperature in the range of room temperature to 573 K. The creep displacement increased with increasing load and temperature since the creep process is thermally activated and diffusion rate is enhanced at elevated temperature and higher load. The creep strain rate sensitivity, which is a measure of the creep mechanism, increased with increase in temperature and decrease in applied load. This was attributed to the transition from localized to more homogeneous creep. Reduction in free volume for the relaxed alloy resulted in lower creep displacement and larger strain rate sensitivity compared to its as-cast counterpart. The results suggest that diffusion-based deformation dominate at higher temperature in contrast to shear transformation mediated plasticity at room temperature. The volume of shear transformation zone for the metallic glass was calculated using cooperative shearing model and correlated with the structural state for fundamental insights into the deformation process as a function of temperature and load.
Evaluating topic-word review analysis for understanding student peer review performance

© 2013 International Educational Data Mining Society. All rights reserved. Topic modeling is widely used for content analysis of textual documents. While the mined topic terms are considered as a semantic abstraction of the original text, few people evaluate the accuracy of humans’ interpretation of them in the context of an application based on the topic terms. Previously, we proposed RevExplore, an interactive peer-review analytic tool that supports teachers in making sense of large volumes of student peer reviews. To better evaluate the functionality of RevExplore, in this paper we take a closer look at its Natural Language Processing component which automatically compares two groups of reviews at the topic-word level. We employ a user study to evaluate our topic extraction method, as well as the topic-word analysis approach in the context of educational peer-review analysis. Our results show that the proposed method is better than a baseline in terms of capturing student reviewing/writing performance. While users generally identify student writing/reviewing performance correctly, participants who have prior teaching or peer-review experience tend to have better performance on our review exploration tasks, as well as higher satisfaction towards the proposed review analysis approach.
‘The Poverty of the Spirit’ and the Dialectic (1912–1916)

After he left Hungary, Lukacs seems to have kept in close contact with the Simmel family. Gertrud Simmel, the wife of Georg Simmel, Lukdcs’ former teacher at Berlin, mentions him as a visitor to their home in a letter to the famous essayist Paul Ernst, who as a youth had corresponded with Friedrich Engels. She mentions in her letter that “Herr von Lukacs” spoke to her about an article on Shakespeare.1
User modeling: the long and winding road

The long and winding road of user modeling is grounded in different episte-mological assumptions exploring different dimensions of the problem. User-modeling research has explored different domains, identified important distinctions underlying different approaches within user modeling research, and created a number of challenging research problems. These issues are explored in the context of high-functionality applications and how our research over the last ten years has addressed the problems of making high-functionality applications more usable, more useful, and more learnable with a variety of different user modeling approaches.
Continuous platooning: a new evolutionary operating concept for automated highway systems

Proposes a new strategy for AHS called continuous platooning. Continuous platooning (CP) combines the simplicity and flexibility of autonomous intelligent cruise control (AICC) and the performance advantages of platooning. CP easily accommodates mixed traffic and is particularly amenable to evolutionary development. The authors conduct a system level analysis and optimal design for the scheme. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived for vehicle chain stability when linear control is used. Semi-infinite constrained parametric optimization is used to design the control system. Simulations show that the proposed scheme has transient response similar to or better than AICC and platooning.
Immunocytochemical localization of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the hippocampus with subtype-specific antibodies

The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) mGluR4 and mGluR7 have been postulated to serve as presynaptic autoreceptors in the hippocampal formation. The cellular and synaptic localization of these proteins in the hippocampus, however, is not known. Polyclonal antibodies that specifically react with mGluR4a or mGluR7 were produced and used for immunocytochemical localization of these receptor proteins. Immunoblot analysis with mGluRs expressed in stably transfected baby hamster kidney cells suggests that each of the antibodies reacts specifically with the appropriate mGluR subtype but not with other mGluRs. Both antibodies recognized native proteins in rat brain with molecular weights similar to the molecular weights of the bands in mGluR-transfected cell lines. The distribution of mGluR4a immunoreactivity was fairly uniform in all brain regions. Immunoreactivity for mGluR7 was variable in different brain regions and closely paralleled the previously reported distribution of mGluR7 mRNA. Immunocytochemistry with light and electron microscopy (EM) revealed that immunoreactivities for mGluR4a and mGluR7 are widely but differentially distributed throughout the hippocampal formation. Staining with antibodies directed against mGluR4a was intense in cell bodies and dendrites of pyramidal cells, granule cells, and scattered interneurons. Analysis at the EM level revealed postsynaptic mGluR4a localization at asymmetrical (presumably glutamatergic) synapses and presynaptic localization at both asymmetrical and symmetrical synapses. Immunoreactivity for mGluR7 revealed largely presynaptic localization of this receptor at asymmetrical but not symmetrical synapses. These data are consistent with a largely presynaptic role of mGluR7 in the hippocampus and suggest that mGluR4 may have both presynaptic and postsynaptic functions.