cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health Care Reform and Efforts to Encourage Healthy Choices by Individuals

While the Affordable Care Act (ACA) will do much to improve access to health care, it may do far less to address other problems in health care and health. For example, scholars have questioned whether ACA will have a big enough impact on health care costs.This article considers another important defect in ACA. Experts have recognized that health depends to a substantial extent on the choices that people make about diet, exercise, and other daily behaviors. Optimal health care reform not only would ensure that people receive medical care when they become sick. It also would reduce the need for medical care by promoting healthier behavior. ACA tries to promote healthier choices by Americans in a number of its provisions. However, some of the key ACA provisions for promoting healthy lifestyles may be ineffective at best and counterproductive at worst.In particular, Congress came up short when it tried to improve individual decisions about nutrition, exercise and other lifestyle choices that are important to personal health. ACA tries to encourage better dietary decisions with its menu labeling requirements, but those are likely to have little impact. Moreover, the Act’s promotion of employer wellness programs may actually undermine ACA’s efforts to improve access to health care.While the government should do more to encourage good decisions about health by the public, it needs to do a much better job of basing its policies on empirical evidence. To the extent that research studies indicate which kinds of wellness policies are likely to work and which are likely to fail, too many policies, including those in ACA, fall into the likely-to-fail basket.More importantly, the government needs to ensure that more empirical evidence is developed. While we know more than we did in the past about the effectiveness of different kinds of wellness policies, we have much more to learn if we want to identify policies that are likely to have a significant impact. As a committee of the Institute of Medicine recently observed, there are many potential policies to reduce obesity, but current knowledge does not tell us which policies can have the biggest impact.Proceeding in the face of contrary data or in the absence of adequate data wastes time and money. It also makes it more difficult for lawmakers to pass sensible policies. A history of ineffective or counterproductive mandates can provoke a backlash against even good future mandates.
Application Of White-Collar Crime Research To Academic Fraud: A Focus On Rationalizations Of Accounting Students

This study examines rationalizations of academic fraud by presenting three nonfictional scenarios of questionable academic behavior to accounting students. The students were asked to categorize the behaviors as acceptable or unacceptable. Further, the students were asked to explain their reasonings, or rationalizations, an element found to be necessary for fraud to exist. Results find that if the student had already experienced or was close to experiencing the scenario, they were more likely to view the questionable behavior as acceptable. Further, results indicate that many students will fault the professor for unacceptable student behavior, but they generated many additional rationalizations as well. These findings have implications for faculty actions in the classroom.
Impact of a patient education intervention on appropriate utilization of clinic services.

Background: Patient education interventions have been identified as a means of decreasing the utilization of ambulatory services; however, research on the impact of self-care initiatives should also assess changes in the appropriateness of patient visits. Methods: New patients to the Family Practice Clinic at a university medical center were randomized into control and experimental groups. Experimental patients received the Family Practice Clinic Patient Medical Advisor Booklet and an educational presentation. Controls received the booklet without the educational intervention. Results: Over the subsequent year, there were no significant differences in the total number of visits or telephone calls to the Family Practice Clinic by either group. The total number of visits to other medical center clinics and the emergency department was also similar. The experimental group, however, showed a statistically higher percentage of appropriate Family Practice Clinic visits, and their telephone calls to the clinic for advice tended to be more appropriate. Finally, experimental group patients had a significantly higher percentage of appropriate visits to the emergency department than did oontrol group patients. Conclusions: Although this educational intervention did not change the total number of patient visits or telephone calls, it did have an impact on the appropriateness of patient utilization of health care services.
Improving the Issuing, Absorption and Use of Climate Forecast Information In Agroforestry

As we have also already met in previous sections, agroforestry includes a range of practices that combine partial canopies of perennial woody vegetation (trees, shrubs, or hedges) with below-canopy production of forages, arable crops, fruits, berries, and nuts, herbs, or medicinal plants. Agroforestry systems can be broadly grouped into windbreaks and shelterbelts, silvopastoral systems, alley cropping, forest farming, and riparian buffers. Modern agroforestry practices often mimic components of multilayered canopies of natural ecosystems, especially in tropical or subtropical settings.
Vascular Anatomy of Genital Skin and the Urethra: Implications for Urethral Reconstruction

An intimate knowledge of the penile skin blood supply is essential to successfully mobilize and construct a fasciocutaneous onlay flap for “substitution” urethral reconstruction. For successful anastomotic urethroplasty, an intact and adequate dual urethral arterial blood supply is essential. The key vascular feature of the urethra and the reason that it can be mobilized extensively and divided is its unique bipedal blood supply. The proximal and distal ends of the urethra are supplied by two arterial blood supplies, the proximal urethra in an antegrade fashion, and the distal, retrograde. The common penile artery, a branch of the internal pudendal, first branches into the bulbar and circumflex cavernosal arteries (supplying the proximal corpus spongiosum), and then bifurcates into the central cavernosal arteries and into the dorsal artery of the penis. The dorsal artery arborizes and penetrates into the glans penis, and then flows retrograde into the spongiosum. Thus, the corpus spongiosum has two blood supplies, proximally the bulbar and circumflex arteries, and distally, arboriKeywords Ex te rnal pudendal artery,
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Ultrasound-Induced Microalgal Cell Disruption

The three-dimensional distribution (x, y, and z) of ultrasound-induced microalgal cell disruption in a sonochemical reactor was predicted by solving the Helmholtz equation using a three-dimensional acoustic module in the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulated local ultrasound pressure at any given location (x, y, and z) was found to correlate with cell disruption of a freshwater alga, Scenedesmus dimorphus, represented by the change of algal cell particle/debris concentration, chlorophyll-a fluorescence density (CAFD), and Nile red stained lipid fluorescence density (LFD), which was also validated by the model reaction of potassium iodide oxidation (the Weissler reaction). Furthermore, the effect of ultrasound power intensity and processing duration on algal cell disruption was examined to address the limitation of the model.
Control of Caterpillars on Tomatoes with Chemicals and Pathogens

Highly effective control of the tomato fruitworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was obtained with a DDT spray and a spray mixture containing 44% carbaryl and 11 % methyl parathion and with cornmeal baits incorporating carharyl or Gardona® (2-chloro-l- (2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate); however, the spray mixture and the baits were only moderately effective against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner). Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner was highly effective against the tobacco hornworm, Manducu sexta (Johannson), and the cabbage looper, but it was only moderately effective against the tomato fruitworm and the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania (Cramer). Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (from H. zea ) failed to protect the tomato fruit effectively. Sprays of methomyl, Velsicol® VCS-506 ( O - (4-bromo-2-5-dichlorophenyl) O -methyl phenylphosphonothioate), and carbaryl + parathion and CSM bait containing Cardona gave outstanding control of the southern armyworm; however, Velsicol VCS-506, and carbaryl + parathion caused injury to the plant foliage.
Association between Time since Cancer Diagnosis and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Level Analysis

Abstract Objectives To examine the association between time since cancer diagnosis and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among cancer survivors in remission. Methods Analyzing data from 3,610 cancer survivors and 59,539 individuals without cancer in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we examined the relationship between time since cancer diagnosis and HRQOL, taking remission status into account and controlling for patients' demographic characteristics and comorbidities. HRQOL measurements included the six-dimensional health state short form (derived from 36-item short form health survey) (SF-6D) utility scores, the physical component summary score, and the mental component summary score. Results The relationship between time since cancer diagnosis and HRQOL varied substantially across cancer types. Compared with individuals without cancer, survivors of breast, prostate, or poor-prognosis cancer had statistically lower SF-6D scores within 2 years of diagnosis (−0.044, −0.062, and −0.088, respectively). Breast cancer survivors had SF-6D scores similar to those of individuals without cancer after 2 years, as did patients with poor-prognosis cancer after 5 years. Nevertheless, even after a period of 10 years, survivors of prostate or cervical cancer had a lower level of SF-6D scores (−0.027 and −0.042, respectively). The comparisons of physical health between cancer survivors and individuals without cancer were similar to those of SF-6D. In contrast, most cancer survivors did not experience poorer mental health; survivors of prostate or cervical cancer, however, had lower mental component summary scores after 10 years of diagnosis. Conclusions The level of HRQOL among cancer survivors depends on time since cancer diagnosis and cancer type. Some cancer survivors have lower HRQOL after a decade of diagnosis, even in remission.
Electrically conductive polyamide 11 nanocomposites for selective laser sintering: Properties characterization

Polyamide (nylon) 11 (PA11) is a commonly used material in selective laser sintering (SLS), but it has poor thermal and electrical properties. Previous research has shown that nanoscale additives, such as multi-wall nanotubes (MWNT) and nanographene platelets (NGP) can be combined with PA11 powder to improve these properties. Previous experimentation has dealt with samples that have been fabricated using injection molding and not the SLS process. This paper emphasizes the experimentation of using nanocomposite materials in actual SLS builds. The material used is PA11 pulverized together with low loadings of MWNT and NGP. PA11 that has been twin-screw extruded with MWNT and NGP separately will also be investigated. SLS process parameters will be adjusted to optimize mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of test specimens. The data gathered in this study suggests the MWNT additive was effective at increasing the conductivity of the composite material with minimal losses in mechanical properties.
Abstract 760: Fem1b attenuates the transcriptional activity of Gli1 by promoting the ubiquitin mediated degradation of Gli1.

Gli1 is a member of the Gli family of zinc finger transcription factors that functions in stem cell biology, and as an oncogene in malignant transformation. The Hedgehog signaling pathway in flies and mammals shares homology to the sex determination pathway of C. elegans in which the Gli-like transcription factor TRA-1 is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase adapter FEM-1. Here we provide evidence that the mammalian FEM-1 homolog Fem1b regulates Gli1 transcriptional activity. Consistent with this, we demonstrate an interaction between Fem1b and Gli1, and show that Fem1b promotes the ubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation of Gli1. Fem1b mediated ubiquitylation of Gli1 was dependent on the VHL box domain of Fem1b, shown to interact with Elongin B/C-Cul2-box protein ubiquitin ligases. Fem1b reduced Gli1 transcriptional activity in a reporter assay, and this reduction was also dependent on the VHL box of Fem1b. Given that Gli1 up-regulation promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, basal cell carcinoma, and a variety of epithelial malignancies, we hypothesize that Fem1b antagonizes the oncogenic capacity of Gli1 by targeting Gli1 for ubiquitin-mediated destruction in the proteasome. Citation Format: Andrew S. Gilder, Deyin Lu, Joseph F. Maher. Fem1b attenuates the transcriptional activity of Gli1 by promoting the ubiquitin mediated degradation of Gli1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 760. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-760
Information Technology, Manpower Development and Organizational Performance

This study of some 70 large business firms suggests that many companies, some of considerable size, continue to reflect a lack of appreciation for uses of information technology in managerial decis...
Reversal of the Detrimental Effects of Post-Stroke Social Isolation by Pair-Housing is Mediated by Activation of BDNF-MAPK/ERK in Aged Mice.

Social isolation (SI) increases stroke-related mortality and morbidity in clinical populations. The detrimental effects of SI have been successfully modeled in the laboratory using young animals. Mechanistically, the negative effects of SI in young animals are primarily mediated by an enhanced inflammatory response to injury and a reduction in neurotrophic factors. However, the response to brain injury differs considerably in the aged. Given that SI is more prevalent in aged populations, we hypothesized that isolation, even when initiated after stroke, would delay recovery in aged mice. We found that aged isolated male mice had significantly increased infarct volume, neurological deficits and serum IL-6 levels three days after stroke compared to pair housed (PH) mice. Using RT2 Profiler PCR Array and real-time quantitative PCR we found several important synaptic plasticity genes were differentially expressed in post-stroke SI mice. Furthermore, paired mice showed improved memory and neurobehavioral recovery four weeks after injury. Mechanistic and histological studies showed that the beneficial effects of pair housing are partially mediated by BDNF via downstream MAPK/ERK signaling and restoration of axonal basic myelin protein levels.
Mapping Photoelectrochemical Current Distribution at Nanoscale Dimensions on Morphologically Controlled BiVO4

We develop a method that can be used to qualitatively map photocurrent on photoelectrode surfaces, and show its utility for morphologically controlled W-doped BiVO4. The method is based on the deliberate photoinduced sintering of Au NPs, a photon-driven process that indicates oxidation with nanoscale-resolution. This strategy allows us to identify the active regions on W-doped BiVO4 photoelectrodes, and we observe a strong dependence of photoactivity on the electrode morphology, controlled by varying the relative humidity during the sol–gel fabrication process. We find that photoelectrode morphologies that exhibit the most evenly distributed Au sintering are those that yield the highest photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity. Understanding the correlation between electrode morphology and PEC activity is essential for designing structured semiconductors for PEC water splitting.
Assay Methods for H2S Biogenesis and Catabolism Enzymes

H2S is produced from sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and homocysteine, or a catabolite, 3-mercaptopyruvate, by three known enzymes: cystathionine β-synthase, γ-cystathionase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Of these, the first two enzymes reside in the cytoplasm and comprise the transsulfuration pathway, while the third enzyme is found both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondrion. The following mitochondrial enzymes oxidize H2S: sulfide quinone oxidoreductase, sulfur dioxygenase, rhodanese, and sulfite oxidase. The products of the sulfide oxidation pathway are thiosulfate and sulfate. Assays for enzymes involved in the production and oxidative clearance of sulfide to thiosulfate are described in this chapter.
Pathology of the hippocampus in experimental feline infantile hydrocephalus.

AbstractHydrocephalus is responsible for many pediatric neurological deficits presumed to be caused by neocortical pathophysiology. Relatively little is known about the role of non-neocortical CNS structures in this condition. In the present work experimental infantile hydrocephalus produced by intracisternal kaolin injection was studied in a neonate kitten model. The hippocampal formation was processed for electron microscopy, and the neuropil of the CA3 region was examined in untreated, severely hydrocephalic and age-matched normal animals. Both macroscopically and microscopically the thickness of the hippocampus was not decreased. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons were found in varying stages of cytoplasmic densification, and dendritic and axonal processes exhibited hydropic cellular deterioration. The number of synaptic contacts was decreased. However, there was no indication of edematous extracellular space and the ependymal covering of the hippocampus was intact. The macroscopic structural integrity of ...
Personality and pleasurable emotions

Abstract In three independent samples of undergraduate students, the present research examined the relations between the Big Five personality dimensions and five pleasurable emotions: tranquility, contentment, interest, cheerfulness, and vigor (only three of which, contentment, interest, and cheerfulness, had been examined in past research). Personality was measured using self-report in Studies 1 and 3, and using peer-report in Study 2. Extraversion was strongly associated with cheerfulness and vigor, openness to experience was associated with interest, and neuroticism was negatively associated with most of the pleasurable emotions. Contentment, but not tranquility, was consistently associated with conscientiousness and extraversion. Study 3 also examined the types of activities that people reported engaging in to obtain pleasure. There was some evidence of the types of activities listed being associated with personality, especially extraversion. However, individual differences in the nature of the pleasure-eliciting activities people reported could not account for the associations between personality and the experience of different pleasurable emotions.
Sydney Brenner on the Genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans.

![Figure][1] Sydney Brenner decided on his lifelong scientific goals on one cold day in April 1953. He was a 26-year-old graduate student in Oxford at the time. “What I remember in Oxford is being hungry all the time, and cold,” he told me. Crick and Watson had just built the double helix
Die Frage nach den Beziehungen Zwischen den Drei Verschiedenen Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik und den Drei Verschiedenen Weisen von Intention und Erfüllung

Die Antwort auf die Frage danach, wie sich die drei verschiedenen Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik einerseits und die drei verschiedenen Weisen von Intention und Erfullung andererseits zueinander verhalten, ist schon durch den Versuch, festzustellen, um welche Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik und um welche Weisen von Intention und Erfullung es sich bei den drei verschiedenen Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik und bei den drei verschiedenen Weisen von Intention und Erfullung im Sinne der Dreischichtung der formalen Logik als formaler Apophantik bzw. apophantischer Analytik uberhaupt handelt, weitgehend vorweggenommen worden und last sich also folgendermasen zusammenfassen: In der Tat gibt es keine prazise „eins-zu-eins-correspondentia“ zwischen einerseits der Formenlehre, der Konsequenzlehre bzw. -logik und der Wahrheitslogik und andererseits dem Ubergang von dem verworrenen Urteilen bzw. Verworrenheit und dem verworrenen Urteil zu dem deutlichen Urteilen bzw. Deutlichkeit und dem deutlichen Urteil, dem Ubergang von dem deutlichen Urteilen bzw. Deutlichkeit und dem deudichen Urteil zu dem klarena Urteilen bzw. KlarheitA und dem klarena Urteil und dem Ubergang von dem klarena Urteilen bzw. KlarheitA und dem klarena Urteil zu dem klarens bzw. inhaltlich sinnvollen Urteilen bzw. Klarheits und dem klarens bzw. inhaltlich sinnvollen Urteil; vielmehr stimmen, erstens, der Ubergang von der Formenlehre — man vergesse nicht, das die Formenlehre das verworrene Urteilen bzw. Verworrenheit und dem verworrenen Urteil zu dem deutlichen Urteilen bzw. Deudichkeit und dem deutlichen Urteil, zweitens, der Ubergang von der Konsequenzlehre bzw. -logik zu der formalen Logik der moglichen Wahrheit und der Ubergang von dem deutlichen Urteilen bzw. Deutlichkeit und dem deudichen Urteil zu dem klarena Urteilen bzw. KlarheitA und dem klarena Urteil und, drittens, der Ubergang von der formalen Logik der moglichen Wahrheit zu der materialen Logik der wirklichen Wahrheit und der Ubergang von dem klarena Urteilen bzw. KlarheitA und dem klarena Urteil zu dem klarens bzw. inhaltlich sinnvollen Urteilen bzw. Klarheits und dem klarens bzw. inhaldich sinnvollen Urteil — wobei die Grenze der Dreischichtung der formalen Logik als apophantischer Analytik uberschritten wird — miteinander uberein, und darin besteht auch die echte correspondentia zwischen den drei verschiedenen Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik und den drei verschiedenen Weisen von Intention und Erfullung, die der Dreischichtung der apophantischen Analytik zugrunde liegt.
Concomitant Arthroscopic Meniscal Allograft Transplantation and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Abstract In recent decades, arthroscopic meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has been refined as a robust option for the treatment of evolving unicompartmental tibiofemoral arthrosis in the setting of meniscal deficiency. It is imperative that the MAT be performed in a knee with anatomic stability and alignment to reduce aberrant biomechanical forces experienced by the allograft tissue to maintain its durability. Thus, in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient knee, ACL reconstruction (ACLR) must be performed to restore the stable knee environment for the MAT to succeed. Although these operations can be performed in staged fashion, a single-stage procedure with concomitant MAT and ACLR is an option. Its performance is technically demanding and requires careful consideration as to the intraoperative setup, incisions, graft options, surgical tools, and procedural order to properly secure the transplanted meniscal allograft and restore a functional, anatomic ACL. We present our preferred technique for concomitant arthroscopic MAT and ACLR, as well as some potential pitfalls and pearls to avoid pitfalls.
Acid Test for Nitrite Pharmacology.

See related article, pp 23–31 In this issue of Hypertension is an article from several investigators in Stockholm, primarily of the Lundberg and Weitzberg groups at the Karolinska Institutet, which addresses one aspect of the potential use of orally ingested nitrite ions as therapies in humans for various diseases or, perhaps in food or food supplements, for some general improvement in cardiovascular or metabolic parameters.1 The most significant finding of this work is that pretreatment with a proton pump inhibitor, esomeprazole, to minimize gastric acidification blunts the measured effects of 0.3 mg/kg of sodium nitrite on lowering systolic blood pressure by about ±6 mm Hg maximally. These findings are consistent with previous work from this group on the importance of the entero-salivary pathway of nitrate reduction to nitrite and then the nonenzymatic metabolism of nitrite in the acidic stomach to form various nitrite derivatives, including NO itself.2 Further, recent work from Pinheiro et al3 in Sao Paolo, Brazil, has shown similar effects in administration of sodium nitrite to rats. Thus, these results are relevant to the potential confounding effect of proton pump inhibitor use in studies of nitrate/nitrite administration in food or as drugs to patients or populations. Moreover, there is a recent literature suggesting that proton pump inhibitors can increase the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events or even mortality in at-risk populations by …
Moving More Quickly toward Full Term Relations in Information Space.

This paper describes the ISpace retrieval system’s involvement in TREC8. The main goal for this year’s work was to speed up document indexing and query processing compared to previous years. This goal was achieved, but retrieval performance was not as good as for TREC7. System details for the AdHoc task, small Web task, and large Web (VLC) task are presented. The AdHoc task emphasized query expansion, while the large Web track emphasized rapid indexing and retrieval. The paper describes an implementation of a multidimensional tree structure for retrieval from information space based on the kd-tree. The larger setting for ISpace, the TeraScale Retrieval project, is summarized. A concluding section describes plans for ISpace. * School of Information and Library Science, Campus box 3360 Manning Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3360. Email: gbnewby@ils.unc.edu Introduction Efforts for the 8 Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) included the following: 1. AdHoc task, fully automatic. 2. Small Web track 3. Large Web track (VLC) Throughout the work described here, the central question of interest is: How might information space techniques achieve high performance? The issue of performance is ambiguous, but was defined as emphasizing the following, in decreasing order of importance: a. Performance means being able to quickly produce a ranked response set for a query topic b. Performance means being able to handle the full variety of queries and documents – i.e., without limitations on the number of unique terms or number of documents c. Performance means the response set has a large proportion of relevant documents In this hierarchy, the goal of high relevance is uncharacteristically last, but not forgotten. Because post-hoc analysis of last year’s non-judged TREC submissions (Newby, 1999) indicated reasonable recall-precision performance with exact precision of 0.14, the emphasis was on developing a more practical and usable system. While 0.14 is unremarkable compared to other groups’ TREC submissions, it represented an order of magnitude improvement from prior years (Newby, 1998). A description of the information space technique, system design considerations for each phase of the work and outcomes follow. A concluding section summarizes this year’s TREC activities and lays out plans for the near future.
Probabilistic model checking of the next-generation airborne collision avoidance system

We present a probabilistic model checking approach for evaluating the safety and operational suitability of the Airborne Collision Avoidance System X (ACAS X). This system issues advisories to pilots when the risk of mid-air collision is imminent, and is expected to be equipped on all large, piloted aircraft in the future. We developed an approach to efficiently compute the probabilities of generically specified events and the most likely sequences of states leading to those events within a discrete-time Markov chain model of aircraft flight and ACAS X. The probabilities and sequences are computed for all states in the model. Events of interest include near mid-air collisions (NMACs) and undesirable sequences of advisories that affect operational suitability. We have validated numerous observations of the model with higher-fidelity simulations of the full system. This analysis has revealed several characteristics of ACAS X's behavior.
RADIATION HARDNESS STUDIES OF InGaAs AND Si PHOTODIODES AT 30, 52, & 98 MeV AND FLUENCES TO 5 × 1011 PROTONS/CM2

Here we report the results of an investigation into the effects of ionizing radiation on commercial off-the-shelf InGaAs and Si photodiodes. The photodiodes were exposed to 30, 52, and 98 MeV protons with fluences ranging from 108 - 5 × 1011 protons/cm2 at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. We tested the photodiodes for changes to their dark current and their relative responsivity as a function of wavelength. The Si photodiodes showed increasing damage to their responsivity with increasing fluence; the InGaAs photodiodes showed significantly increased dark current as the fluence increased. In addition, we monitored the absolute responsivity of the InGaAs photodiodes over their entire bandpass. Our measurements showed no evidence for broadband degradation or graying of the response at the fluences tested. All measurements in this investigation were made relative to detectors traceable to NIST standards.
Can agreement be suppressed in second-language acquisition? Data from the Palenquero–Spanish interface:

The present study examines the tradeoff between the on-line construction of modifier–noun gender agreement and verb–subject person/number agreement vs. the automatization and entrenchment of agreem...
WNT Signaling in Cardiac and Vascular Disease

WNT signaling is an elaborate and complex collection of signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple signaling molecules. WNT signaling is critically important for developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue patterning. Little WNT signaling activity is present in the cardiovascular system of healthy adults, but reactivation of the pathway is observed in many pathologies of heart and blood vessels. The high prevalence of these pathologies and their significant contribution to human disease burden has raised interest in WNT signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we first will focus on the constituents of the pathway and their regulation and the different signaling routes. Subsequently, the role of WNT signaling in cardiovascular development is addressed, followed by a detailed discussion of its involvement in vascular and cardiac disease. After highlighting the crosstalk between WNT, transforming growth factor-β and angiotensin II signaling, and the emerging role of WNT signaling in the regulation of stem cells, we provide an overview of drugs targeting the pathway at different levels. From the combined studies we conclude that, despite the sometimes conflicting experimental data, a general picture is emerging that excessive stimulation of WNT signaling adversely affects cardiovascular pathology. The rapidly increasing collection of drugs interfering at different levels of WNT signaling will allow the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the pathway in relevant animal models of cardiovascular diseases and eventually in patients in the near future, translating the outcomes of the many preclinical studies into a clinically relevant context.
Tunneling in solids

A quantum-mechanical process which permits electrons to penetrate from one side to the other through…
Intravascular and Intracardiac Pressure Measurement

Intravascular pressure measurement is one of the oldest techniques employed in clinical medicine. By 1733, long before accurate external blood pressure measurement had been developed by Korotkoff, Stephen Hales had performed direct measurement of arterial blood pressure by inserting a brass tube into a horse’s artery and observing the height of the resulting blood column. By 1828, Poiseuille had improved on intraarterial blood pressure measurement by using a fluid-filled catheter connected to a mercury manometer. In 1848 Ludwig invented the kymograph, a smoke-covered rotating cylinder that provided the means for graphical recording of dynamic signals for many years to come. By connecting the kymograph to a fluid-filled intraarterial catheter, the first graphical representation of the arterial pulse waveform was obtained.1 Today, intravascular pressure measurement is performed so routinely in intensive care units, operating rooms and catheterization laboratories, that it is easy to forget that numbers and graphical representations of pressure are strongly affected by the measurement system, and indeed, can misrepresent reality. The signal processing techniques commonly used in intravascular and intraventricular pressure measurement are generally quite rudimentary and limited to simple filtering (see Chap. 4), averaging, and peak and trough detection. Less well-appreciated, but equally important, are the alterations in the raw signal introduced by the measurement system itself. In some cases, these artifacts can lead to serious errors in diagnosis. This chapter will provide an overview of how both intended and unintended signal processing affect the appearance and interpretation of data obtained using this nearly universal technique.
Models of Cardiovascular Subsystems Yielding the Closed Circulatory Loop: The Donders Model

Model of the cardiovascular loop diagramed using electrical symbols for an overview and by means of equations for further analysis. The model includes the four cardiac chambers, their valves, which open and close passively, and the connecting vasculatures. Generalized cardiac function curves are described, access and insertion points for several control features are identified. The model can be adapted easily to the study of CPR and other clinical conditions. The disappearance of negative volumes.
Investigation of Extinction and Reignition Events Using the Flamelet Generated Manifold Model

Simulations for the Cambridge swirl bluff-body spray burner are performed near blow-out conditions. A hybrid stress blended eddy simulation (SBES) model is utilized for sub-grid turbulence closure. SBES blends the RANS-SST model at the boundary layer with large eddy simulation dynamic Smagorinsky model outside the boundary layer. The injected N-heptane spray droplets are tracked using a typical Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. Heat transfer coupling between the bluff-body walls and the near-walls fluid is accounted for by coupling the solid and fluid energy equations at the bluff-body surface. Mixing and chemistry are modeled using the Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) model. The study investigates how successful the FGM model is in predicting finite rate effects like local extinction and flame lift-off height. To this end, two near blow-out spray flames, the H1S1 (75% to blow-out) and H1S2 (88% to blow-out) are simulated. Good results are shown matching the spray Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and axial velocity mean and rms experimental data. The results also show that the FGM model captured reasonably well the flame structure and lift-off height as well as the spray pattern. Overall the spray droplets mean D32 and mean axial velocity were under-predicted, while the rms distribution matched reasonably well for the H1S1 flame. The mean flame brush lift-off height is estimated based on the statistically stationary mean flame brush and is estimated to be around 6 mm from the bluff-body base. Instantaneous local flame extinction is observed. The H1S2 flame, however, showed similar but slightly better match with the measurements for the mean spray data compared to the H1S1 flame, with slight under-prediction for D32 at Z = 10 mm and Z = 20 mm. Future work will investigate the sensitivity of the simulation to the spray boundary conditions and grid resolution.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Creation of a Transposed Mature Arteriovenous Fistula Autograft: A Novel Approach to Treating Steal Syndrome.

Background Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation is the gold standard of hemodialysis access. However, autologous upper extremity AVFs continue to present significant clinical challenges including failure to mature and steal syndrome. We describe treating a patient with dialysis-associated steal syndrome (DASS) by ligating and then transposing a well-developed, mature upper arm cephalic vein AVF into the contralateral arm. Methods Our patient is a 76-year-old female with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to glomerulonephritis, who had a left arm brachiocephalic AVF created in 2007. She developed DASS in 2013, presenting with hand pain and ulcerations on her fingertips. A right brachial–cephalic AVF was created with plans of ligating the left AVF once mature. The right arm AVF did not mature so we created an arteriovenous graft (AVG) in the right arm utilizing the mature left arm cephalic vein as an autograft. Results The autograft was transposed and implanted in the right upper arm. The translocated AVF worked for 4 years and was eventually ligated due to right hand ischemia secondary to progression of small vessel peripheral arterial disease. Conclusions Transposition of autogenous vein grafts using a mature AVF is a viable option for dialysis access in ESRD patients. We report successful utilization of this novel access option in the treatment of a patient with DASS. The mature autograft retains the natural matrix and endothelial lining and thus may potentially prove to offer improved patency and reduced infection rate compared to other available AVG options.
A Conceptual Framework for Integration Development of GSFLOW Model: Concerns and Issues Identified and Addressed for Model Development Efficiency

Abstract. In Coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow (GSFLOW) model, the three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model (MODFLOW) plays a critical role of groundwater flow simulation, together with which the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) simulates the surface hydrologic processes. While the model development of each individual PRMS and MODFLOW model requires tremendous time and efforts, further integration development of these two models exerts additional concerns and issues due to different simulation realm, data communication, and computation algorithms. To address these concerns and issues in GSFLOW, the present paper proposes a conceptual framework from perspectives of: Model Conceptualization, Data Linkages and Transference, Model Calibration, and Sensitivity Analysis. As a demonstration, a MODFLOW groundwater flow system was developed and coupled with the PRMS model in the Lehman Creek watershed, eastern Nevada, resulting in a smooth and efficient integration as the hydrogeologic features were well captured and represented. The proposed conceptual integration framework with techniques and concerns identified substantially improves GSFLOW model development efficiency and help better model result interpretations. This may also find applications in other integrated hydrologic modelings.
Changes in Lao Hmong Marital Attitudes After Immigrating to the United States

Hmong refugees from Laos have undergone tremendous social change as a result of their forced migration to the United States following the war in Indochina. This study explored changes in attitudes ...
Aris Accornero, 1931–2018

Aris Accornero, emeritus professor of industrial sociology at the University of Rome, la Sapienza, passed away on 22 October 2018, at eighty-seven-years-old. A commemoration was held in his honour ...
Social Class and Educational Attainment: Do Blacks Benefit Less from Increases in Parents’ Social Class Status?:

Classic and contemporary studies show that greater social class status is associated with higher levels of education for youth. However, racialized processes might constrain the benefits blacks rec...
When you go low, I go high: Negative coordination of physiological synchrony among parents and children.

The parent-child relationship is an important context for children's emotional development. The current study assessed 43 parent-child dyads while watching a positive film clip and a negative film clip, in order to examine whether partner's physiological reactivity demonstrated dyadic synchrony, and whether this was associated with children's prosocial empathy. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia was measured in both caretakers and children (ages 9-14) and a continuous time series was estimated in order to maximize temporal resolution of physiological dynamics. Dyads varied in both the magnitude and direction of synchrony, with correlation coefficients ranging from moderately negative; r = -.44 (increases in one partner correspond to decreases in the other), to moderately positive; r = .55 (increases in one partner correspond to increases in the other). For both conditions, negative synchrony was correlated with higher child-reported empathy. For the negative mood condition, this effect was moderated by caretaker's emotional acceptance such that positive synchrony was associated with lower levels of empathy among dyads in which caretaker emotional acceptance was lower. These results suggest that positive physiological synchrony during a negative mood condition may not be adaptive for children when their caretaker lacks the skills to appropriately socialize their child's emotional development.
Financial Statement Aggressiveness Related to Tax Accounts and Tax-Related Accounting Misstatements

ABSTRACT In this study, we examine two questions: (1) whether financial statement aggressiveness related to tax accounts is associated with the likelihood of having tax-related misstatements in the...
Frequency Agile Microstrip Patch Antenna Using an Anisotropic Artificial Dielectric Layer (AADL): Modeling and Design

This paper presents the modeling and design of a frequency agile antenna using an anistropic artificial dielectric layer (AADL) for multi-band phased array radar applications. The proposed AADL material is placed underneath the patch radiator and is designed using periodically arranged metallic cylinders in which varying height, diameter, and the distance used between them allows the control of the effective permittivity of the patch antenna. Closed form design expressions are formulated to synthesize the dielectric properties of the AADL as a function of the cylindrical unit cell dimensions. Design trade-offs based on the proposed formulation and numerical simulations show the overall performance of the AADL on microstrip patch (MS) antennas. To validate the proposed concept, five individual AADL MS patch antennas in C-band were designed, fabricated, and tested. Simulated and measured results ( ${s}$ -parameters and radiation patterns) are in good agreement with the results obtained from the theoretical model. The proposed AADL concept has the potential to be used in the development of future reconfigurable tunable multiband antennas that use liquid metal to dynamically change the heights of the cylinders.
Photoperiod-Induced Neurotransmitter Switching in the Circadian Pacemaker Regulates Hypothalamic Dopamine Expression

Author(s): Porcu, Alessandra; Booreddy, Sathwik; Welsh, David K; Dulcis, Davide | Abstract: AbstractLight, circadian clocks, and rhythmic behaviors interact closely to produce a temporal order that is essential for the survival of most living organisms. In mammals, the principal circadian pacemaker in the brain is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which receives direct retinal input and synchronizes itself and other brain regions to the external light-dark cycle. Altered day length (photoperiod) and disrupted circadian rhythms are associated with impaired memory and mood in both humans and animal models. Prior work demonstrated that altering photoperiod can change neurotransmitter (NT) expression in the periventricular nucleus (PeVN) of the hypothalamus in adult rat brain. Here we show that neuromedin S-(NMS-) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-(VIP-) expressing neurons in the SCN also display photoperiod-induced neurotransmitter switching. Such photoperiod-dependent NT plasticity is retained in Bmal1-KO mice, indicating that NT plasticity in the SCN does not require a functional circadian clock. Utilizing a conditional viral DO-DIO vector as an historical marker of NT expression in the SCN, we further reveal that short-day photoperiod induces a cluster of non-NMS-expressing neurons to undergo NT switching and acquire the NMS phenotype. Selective chemogenetic activation of NMS neurons, but not VIP neurons, during the dark phase induces a significant delay in the timing of locomotor activity onset and is sufficient to increase the number of dopaminergic neurons in the PeVN. Our findings provide novel insights into molecular adaptations of the SCN neuronal network in response to altered photoperiod that affect neuronal circuit function in the hypothalamus and lead to changes in circadian behavior.
Bros Before Donald Trump: Resisting and Replicating Hegemonic Ideologies in the #BROTUS Memes After the 2016 Election

Carrying out a rhetorical analysis of the #BROTUS memes that circulated on Twitter after the 2016 presidential election, this chapter examines how these memes challenge and replicate extant ideologies, blurring the lines between information and entertainment as well as private and public spheres. Findings show that, in spite of their humorous and banal content, memes can allow for the expression of resistance and the channeling of affect. At the same time, the authors point out that while the memes challenge the ideologies embodied by the Trump campaign, they also replicate some of the same values and beliefs. The #BROTUS memes show how Twitter serves as a vernacular sphere of political engagement while their popularity in part still relies on the same dominant ideologies they aim to resist.
Microwave-Enabled Incorporation of Single Atomic Cu Catalytic Sites in Holey Graphene: Unifying Structural Requirements of a Carbon Matrix for Simultaneous Achievement of High Activity and Long-Term Durability

This work reports our discoveries from the first exploration in microwave pyrolysis of a metal–organic framework. A time- and energy-efficient approach was developed for direct fabrication of electrochemical single-atom catalysts (E-SACs) without the requirement of post-treatment. The most unique structure of the fabricated E-SAC is that the Cu catalytic sites were not in the amorphous carbon matrix as those achieved via traditional pyrolysis but in the basal planes of pristine holey graphene nanoplatelets. The as-prepared Cu-E-SAC exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in reducing oxygen to water in both acidic and alkaline media. The desired direct 4e– pathway is more favorable in acidic versus alkaline media, which is different from all the Cu-E-SACs reported so far and most transition-metal-based E-SACs. The superior performance is attributed to the unique structure of the catalytic sites. The large graphene domains in the holey graphene materials provide higher delocalized electron-rich π band and increase the d-orbital energy level of the Cu centers. Consequently, their binding strength for molecular oxygen is largely enhanced, improving the oxygen reduction reaction and likely promoting a direct 4e– pathway with minimized generation of a peroxide byproduct. Considering the high conductivity and excellent stability against oxidation of the holey graphene material, this work, for the first time, suggests that the contradictory structural requirement of a carbon matrix for high catalytic activity and long-term durability can be unified and simultaneously satisfied. Combined with the merits of simplicity and rapidness for fabricating both holey graphene and E-SACs, this work provides a possible strategy to address the critical challenges of precious metal-free single-atom catalysts.