cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of additive mitral valve surgery to coronary artery bypass grafting on mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and ischaemic mitral regurgitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and observational studies

Aims Treatment of ischaemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) remains controversial. While IMR is associated with worse outcomes, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies provided conflicting evidence regarding the benefit of mitral valve replacement (MVR) or repair (MVr) in addition to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We conducted a meta-analysis incorporating data from published RCTs and observational studies comparing CABG vs. CABG + MVR/MVr. Methods and results We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane for RCTs and observational studies comparing CABG (Group 1) vs. CABG + MVR/MVr (Group 2). Outcome was 30-day and 1-year mortality after surgical intervention. Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio (OR) was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis for the outcome. Heterogeneity was assessed by I 2 statistics. Four RCTs and 11 observational studies met the inclusion criteria (5781 patients, 507 in RCTs, 5274 in observational studies). Group 1 vs. 2 weighted mean left ventricular ejection fraction in RCTs and combined RCTs/observational studies was 41.5 ± 12.3 vs. 40.3 ± 10.4% ( P -value = 0.24) and 45.5 ± 7.2 vs. 38 ± 10% ( P -value < 0.001), respectively. In RCTs, there was no difference in 30-day [OR: 0.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.30–3.08, P = 0.94] or 1-year (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.43–1.87, P = 0.78) mortality, respectively. For combined RCTs/observational studies, there was no difference in mortality at 30 days (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.43–1.04, P = 0.08) or at 1 year (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.7–1.15, P = 0.39). Conclusion In a meta-analysis of RCTs and observational studies of IMR patients, the addition of MVR/MVr to CABG did not improve survival.
Comparison of the Nutritional Status of Overseas Refugee Children with Low Income Children in Washington State

Introduction The extent that the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition affects refugee children before resettlement in the US is not well described.
Abstract SY08-02: Markers of caspase activation in cells and serum

The final and hoped for outcome for treatment with cancer drugs is selective apoptosis of cancer cells. However, despite the low response rates to cancer drugs patients do not discover this until months after treatment has begun. Apoptosis is rapid process which is often induced within 24 hours of drug treatment. The hallmark of apoptosis is the activation of caspases, cysteine proteases that are specific for cleaving target proteins after aspartic acid. We have developed a novel proteomics technology that allows us to tag and enrich for caspase-cleaved proteins during apoptosis (Mahrus et al (2008) Cell, 134, 866-876. “Global Sequencing of Proteolytic Cleavage Sites in Apoptosis by Specific Labeling of Protein N Termini”). We have been characterizing the apoptotic products of caspase cleavage in a variety of cell lines and in human serum with the view that this information can be used to monitor apoptosis during cancer drug treatment. These and other studies in a variety of cancer cell lines showed that upwards of 1000 proteins are cleaved by caspases during apoptosis. However, in any given cell line we find there are fewer than 500 targets because of differences in expression patterns between cell types. Thus, while many targets are in common from one cell line to another, many are unique. We have developed single-reaction monitoring (SRM) methods to identify these products in serum. We are beginning to identify specific apoptotic products in leukemia patients treated with various cancer drugs. These studies and the prospects for using these as apoptotic markers to assist in cancer drug treatment will be discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY08-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY08-02
Antibody Nature of Refractoriness to Injections of Hypophyseal Extracts Containing Thyrotropic Hormone.

It has been shown in the preceding paper that the development of refractoriness to repeated injections of thyrotropic hormone is influenced by the type of extract in which the hormone is contained. This suggests that refractoriness is an immune response to foreign proteins and is not due to the formation of an “antihormone.”If this is the explanation, preparations not inducing refractoriness would be less antigenic. This decrease in antigenicity has been tested and confirmed. No gland iodine determinations were done in this series. The extracts and methods used were the same as in the preceding paper.A. Effect of non-stimulating doses of the Na2SO4and the flavianate preparations of beef anterior hypophyses on the development of refractoriness in the thyroid. Two series of 6 male guinea pigs each, weighing 250–350 gm., were used. Five of the first series were given 0.1 cc. of the Na2SO4 preparation subcutaneously every other day for 32 days. They showed no rise in the BMR. Twenty times this amount (2 cc.) ...
Spatiotemporal changes in diffusion, T2 and susceptibility of white matter following mild traumatic brain injury.

Impaired white matter integrity in traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to deficits in various neurological functions. The differentiation of the underlying pathological processes, e.g. edema, demyelination, axonal damage, to name a few, is of key clinical interest for the assessment of white matter injury. In this study, a combination of T2, diffusion and susceptibility MRI was used to study the spatiotemporal changes in white matter at 1 h, 3 h, and 1, 2, 7 and 14 days following TBI, using a rat controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Based on radial diffusivity (RD), the rats were divided into two groups: group 1 showed widespread increases in RD along the corpus callosum of the ipsilesional hemisphere at day 2, and group 2 showed normal RD. Based on this group separation, group 1 also showed similar widespread changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and T2 at day 2, and group 2 showed normal FA and T2. The widespread changes in RD and T2 in group 1 on day 2 were apparently dominated by edema, which obscured possible myelin and axonal damage. In contrast, the susceptibility of group 1 showed more localized increases near the impact site on day 2, and otherwise similar contrast to the contralesional hemisphere. The localized susceptibility increase is probably a result of demyelination and axonal injury. The extent of brain damage between the two groups revealed by MRI was consistent with behavioral results, with the first group showing significantly increased forelimb asymmetry and increased forelimb foot fault deficits. Our results suggest that the combination of T2, diffusion and susceptibility MRI may provide an opportunity for the differential assessment of edema and axonal damage in TBI. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substrate specificities and activation mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases.

41. Matthews, B. W. (1988) Acc. Chem. Kes. 21, 3 3 3-340 42. Gilbert, J. V.. Plaut, A. G. & Wright, A. (1991) Infect. Immun. 59, in the press 43. Wozney, J. M.. Kosen, V., Celeste. A. J., Mitsock, 1,. M., Whitters, M. J.? Kriz, R. W., Hewick, R. M. & Wang, E. A. (1988) Science 242,1528-1534 44. Malfroy, B., Kuang, W.-J., Seeburg, P. H., Mason, A. J. & Schofield. 1’. R. (1 988) FEHS Lett. 229, 206-2 10 45. I’ierotti, A,. Dong. K.-W., Glucksman, M. J.. 14901495 Orlowski, M. & Koberts, J. I,. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 10323-10329 46. Hasty, K. A,. I’ourmotabbed, T. F., Goldberg, G. I., Thompson, J. P., Spinella, D. G., Stevens, K. M. & Mainardi, C. I,. (1990) J. Hiol. Chem. 265.
Angiotensin II receptor one (AT1) mediates dextrose induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and superoxide production in human coronary artery endothelial cells.

Abstract Background Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has been implicated in diabetes-related vascular complications partly through oxidative stress. Objective To determine the role of angiotensin II receptor subtype one (AT1) in dextrose induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, another cellular stress implicated in vascular disease. Methods Human coronary artery endothelial cells with or without AT1 receptor knock down were treated with 27.5mM dextrose for 24h in the presence of various pharmacologic blockers of RAAS and ER stress and superoxide (SO) production were measured. Transfection of cells with AT1 antisense RNA knocked down cellular AT1 by approximately 80%. The ER stress was measured using the placental alkaline phosphatase (ES-TRAP) assay and western blot analysis of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), c- jun -N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), phospho-JNK1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and phospho-eIF2α measurements. Superoxide (SO) generation was measured using the superoxide-reactive probe 2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-A]pyrazin-3-one hydrochloride (MCLA) chemiluminescence. Results In cells with AT1 knock down, dextrose induced ER stress was significantly blunted and treatment with 27.5mM dextrose resulted in significantly smaller increase in SO production compared to 27.5mM dextrose treated and sham transfected cells. Dextrose induced ER stress was reduced with pharmacologic blockers of AT1 (losartan and candesartan) and mineralocorticoid receptor blocker (spironolactone) but not with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril and lisinopril). The dextrose induced SO generation was inhibited by all pharmacologic blockers of RAAS tested. Conclusions The results indicate that dextrose induced ER stress and SO production in endothelial cells are mediated at least partly through AT1 receptor activation.
Highlights in Reading Comprehension Intervention Research for Students with Learning Disabilities

Reading comprehension is considered one of the most critical skills needed for success in school and the workplace in a modern society. Many students with learning disabilities (LD) have significant difficulties with understanding what has been read and will require explicit reading comprehension instruction to develop this valuable skill. Fortunately, a large research-base of effective reading comprehension interventions for school-aged students with LD has been established over the past 30 plus years. In this chapter, seminal research in both narrative and expository text comprehension interventions are highlighted. The effects of interventions, specifically for students with LD, are noted.
Ultra-compact low-power ICO/VCO circuits with double gate MOSFETs

As the CMOS device scaling reaches to sub 20 nm scale by 2016 [1], multi-gate MOSFET architectures are poised to replace the conventional bulk devices [2]. Although non-planar multi-gate architectures can come in various forms including double-gate (DG) MOSFETs, FinFET, MIGFET, Π-gate or Ω-gate versions, they operate on the same premise of increasing current drive via multiple channels and better electro-static gate control. As a result, these compact devices can not only maximize the I ON /I OFF ratio for logic switching, but also possess significant potential for analog/RF applications such as tunable circuits, mixers and current/voltage controlled oscillators, facilitated by cross modulation between multiple gates, high cutoff frequency, high intrinsic gain and near ideal g m /I d ratios [3].
The early history of the dielectric resonator antenna

For slightly longer than three decades numerous variations of the original dielectric resonator antenna have been developed. Overall they have shown great versatility as an efficient, high frequency, broad band class of radiators. A history of the very early origins of this antenna is presented.
Lateral heat flux and remelting during growth into the mushy-zone

Abstract In the context of dendritic rapid solidification, the goal of this work was to develop a model that describes growth of the stable phase in the presence of a preexisting metastable phase without requiring in-depth knowledge of the local geometry of the growing dendrite or the growth environment. Results facilitate predictive computational materials modeling of the transformation sequence, solidification path and microstructural evolution during industrial casting operations. The model was evaluated using mushy-zone growth velocity data from Fe–Co and Fe–Cr–Ni alloys. The Fe–Co alloys that were tested are hyper-peritectic compositions, while the Fe–Cr–Ni alloys were evaluated as pseudobinary hypoeutectic compositions. The results show that for a given heat flux there will be a minimum undercooling for which dendritic growth can be supported. The predicted growth velocity which corresponds to that minimum undercooling agrees reasonably well with the measured experimental growth velocity data suggesting that the growth of the stable phase into the mushy zone occurs under the minimum conditions required to support dendritic growth.
Fat embolism in hemoglobin SC disease: A case report with brief review of the literature

Abstract Fat embolism is a known complication of bone marrow infarction in patients with sickle cell disease (hemoglobin SS and hemoglobin SC disease). We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with hemoglobin SC disease who presented with headache, nausea, and photophobia. The patient experienced hypoxic respiratory failure, anemia and thrombocytopenia and expired four days later. Postmortem examination revealed fat emboli in the lungs and brain. Although uncommon, fat embolism syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute complications with hemoglobin SC disease.
The Perceived Influence of Media and Technology on Adolescent Romantic Relationships

Contemporary adolescents rely heavily on technology and media to navigate romantic relationships. In this mixed-methods study, adolescents and young adults (N = 204) detailed their perceptions of h...
Sequential Co-Sparse Factor Regression

ABSTRACTIn multivariate regression models, a sparse singular value decomposition of the regression component matrix is appealing for reducing dimensionality and facilitating interpretation. However, the recovery of such a decomposition remains very challenging, largely due to the simultaneous presence of orthogonality constraints and co-sparsity regularization. By delving into the underlying statistical data-generation mechanism, we reformulate the problem as a supervised co-sparse factor analysis, and develop an efficient computational procedure, named sequential factor extraction via co-sparse unit-rank estimation (SeCURE), that completely bypasses the orthogonality requirements. At each step, the problem reduces to a sparse multivariate regression with a unit-rank constraint. Nicely, each sequentially extracted sparse and unit-rank coefficient matrix automatically leads to co-sparsity in its pair of singular vectors. Each latent factor is thus a sparse linear combination of the predictors and may influ...
A Precise Definition of the Theory

In this chapter, we precisely define the mathematical theory underlying our proof techniques, the theory in which our theorem-prover proves theorems. We will present the axioms and principles of definition and induction to which the system appeals. We will not present the usual elementary rules of logic and equality, but instead we assume the reader is familiar with these rules. The parts of this chapter that are important are set off in boxes. The remainder of the text is motivation for the boxed material. In this motivational material we shall speak in a language of “naive” set theory. It is possible to embed our theory within a theory of sets and to derive our “principles” therein. However, we do not regard set theory or even quantification as being a part of our theory. The proofs our system produces depend only upon (a) the propositional calculus with variables and function symbols, (b) equality reasoning, (c) the rule of instantiation which permits us to infer that any instance of a theorem is a theorem, and (d) the boxed material that follows.
Implementing data center network energy management capabilities in NS3

In this paper, we present an enhanced and holistic energy model for the widely used Network Simulator, NS3. As computing becomes more energy efficient, data movement, and hence data center networks consume an increasing percentage of the total energy consumption and it is important to provide energy management capabilities in the network simulators. Our enhanced NS3 simulator supports the use of different sleep modes for each network port on a switch/router and endpoint, and backplane on switch/router in order to reduce the network energy consumption. It also supports two port level power management mechanisms — unidirectional (transmitter only) and bidirectional (transmitter and receiver). Moreover, the simulator supports local consolidation that consolidates traffic across multiple outgoing/incoming links into a node, and a global controller that monitors all links in the network via a SDN-like mechanism and helps make better local consolidation decisions. The implemented capabilities are illustrated by applying them to the popular fat-tree based data center network. It is shown that the local consolidation mechanism coupled with bidirection port-level energy management can reduce the network energy consumption substantially.
The Role of Adolescent Victimization in Energy Drink Consumption: Monitoring the Future, 2010–2016

Energy drinks have been linked to a number of deleterious health outcomes among youth. Even so, the underlying risk factors for energy drink consumption among youth are less frequently examined. The present study examines the link between adolescent victimization experiences (i.e., property and violent victimization) and energy drink consumption among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. We employed the seven most recent cohorts (2010–2016) from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to acquire the U.S. sample. Youths reported the extent to which they consumed energy drinks. Additionally, three indicators of property victimization and four indicators of violent victimization were available in the data. The findings reveal a significant dose–response relationship between energy drink consumption and victimization. This relationship was especially pronounced among females. For instance, more than 52% of females with the highest count of various violent victimization experiences consumed energy drinks, which was three times the rate of females who had no previous violent victimization experiences. Practitioners who interact with adolescent victims may probe for energy drink usage in addition to other addictive substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. Additional scrutiny may also be in order in regulating the amount of caffeine and sugar allowed in these beverages.
Servant Leadership in the Life of Jesus

Jesus is the ultimate leader in that He is God come in the flesh. Therefore, we can learn from Him, and though He is omniscient, He has chosen to teach and model certain ways of living and leading. He gives instructions about serving to His disciples and we have the advantage of listening to these conversations that are filled with wisdom and divine directives. In addition, He is the ultimate servant in the way He led and then He left that example for others to follow. He even gives some very specific instructions about the path to great leadership that is paved with the road to becoming a servant. He teaches leaders lessons that are counterintuitive and countercultural with the goal of them becoming great leaders, great servant leaders. Jesus even addresses the issues of power directly giving instructions on how to rule and even how to use authority. He sets the example then for others to follow in His steps. These are concepts that are filled with innovation and life; yet, they will bring change deep in the soul of the person who embraces these concepts of leading. This is not the path for the weak willed or weak hearted but it is a path to success on several levels.
Throat culture or rapid strep test

Clearly, rapid tests for streptococci identification are here to stay, and development of the technology is likely to continue. The most rational use of these tests is to identify streptococcal pharyngitis when patients have severe symptoms or when special situations warrant early detection. Throat culture alone is sufficient for most other patients, and all negative rapid tests should be confirmed by throat culture. Specific antistreptococcal therapy should be initiated if either the rapid test or culture is positive. If the physician decides on the basis of clinical criteria to treat pharyngitis with an antibiotic that covers group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, a rapid test is not necessary. If confirmation of the infection is warranted in these cases, throat culture alone should suffice. No rapid strep test kit clearly outperforms others. With any test, good results depend on the quality of the specimen.
Sexual isolation versus mating advantage of rare Drosophila males.

Frequency-dependent reproductive success, i.e., the mating advantage of rareDrosophila males, is rarely expressed when substantial sexual isolation is present between the populations being tested. If the degree of sexual isolation changes with changing frequencies, unequal frequencies most often tend to increase isolation between populations.
What resource curse? The null effect of remittances on public good provision:

Existing formal models show that remittances generate a resource curse by allowing the government to appropriate its revenues toward rents, rather than public good provision. Households spend their...
Microglandular adenosis is an advanced precursor breast lesion with evidence of molecular progression to matrix-producing metaplastic carcinoma.

Summary Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a rare breast lesion reported to be associated with invasive carcinoma in up to 20% to 30% of cases and has been proposed as a nonobligate precursor to basal-like breast cancers. We identified a case of matrix-producing metaplastic carcinoma with morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of progression from MGA to atypical MGA, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma. We performed whole-exome sequencing of each component (MGA, atypical MGA, carcinoma in situ, and cancer) to characterize the mutational landscape of these foci. There was a significant copy number overlap between all foci, including a segmental amplification of the CCND1 locus (partial chromosome 11 trisomy) and MYC (8q24.12-13). Using a bioinformatics approach, we were able to identify 3 putative mutational clusters and recurrent, stop-gain nonsynonymous mutations in both ZNF862 and TP53 that were shared across all foci. Finally, we identified a novel deleterious splice-acceptor site mutation of chr5:5186164 G>T (chromosome 5p15) encoding the gene, ADAMTS16, in the invasive component.
Understanding the mechanism of hardness enhancement in tantalum-substituted tungsten monoboride solid solutions

The differential strain behavior of TaxW1-xB solid solutions has been studied as a function of composition using high-pressure radial X-ray diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell under non-hydrostatic pressure (up to ∼65 GPa) to understand the hardening mechanisms in this family of materials. The hardness of tungsten monoboride (WB) can be increased by adding tantalum and reaches a maximum at a doping level of 50 at. % with a value of 42.8 ± 2.6 GPa under an applied load of 0.49 N. Plateaus were observed in the differential strain data for both the (020) and (002) directions, suggesting that this is the primary slip system in this material. These plateaus were modified by the addition of Ta, indicating that strengthening of the (002) and (020) planes by solid solution hardening was primarily responsible for the hardness enhancements in TaxW1-xB solid solutions. In contrast, the differential strain supported by the (200) plane linearly increases with pressure up to the highest pressures reached in this work (>60 GPa) and shows almost no change with metal composition. Because of the very different compression behavior in the (200) and (020) planes, change in the b/a ratio with pressure provides a unique way to visualize the onset of plastic behavior. This onset varies from ∼15 GPa for samples with 5% Ta to more than 30 GPa for the sample with 50% Ta. In addition, the ambient bulk modulus of each solid-solution sample was determined using the second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation-of-state and found to be ∼340 GPa for all phases.
REBT and Suicide

Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, killing more than 800,000 people each year (World Health Organization [WHO], Preventing suicide: A global imperative, 2014). For therapists, the assessment, management, and treatment of suicidality is one of the most challenging and stressful clinical tasks (Jobes in Suicide Life Threat Behav 25:437–449, 1995).
Imágenes retrovirales de la lírica y la plástica boricuas del VIH y sida

An analysis of retroviral images in Puerto Rican lyric, photography and painting. This article argues how literature and visual arts serve as weapons against a society that has tried to silence the impact of the HIV and AIDS pandemic.
On a lower bound for the Chung–Diaconis–Graham random process

Abstract Consider the random process on the integers mod p with X 0 = 0 and X n + 1 = 2 X n + b n ( mod p ) where b 0 , b 1 , b 2 , … are i.i.d. random variables which can have only 1, 0, and − 1 as possible values. We show that unless P ( b n = 0 ) = 1 ∕ 2 or P ( b n = 1 ) = P ( b n = − 1 ) = 1 ∕ 2 , then for some C > 1 depending on the probability distribution for b n , at least C log 2 p steps are needed to make X n close to uniformly distributed.
Dancing with Deterrents: Understanding the Role of Abuse‐Deterrent Opioid Formulations and Naloxone in Managing Cancer Pain

Prescription opioids are commonly prescribed for the relief of many kinds of pain syndromes, including cancer pain. In order to combat the growing rates of abuse and misuse of prescription opioids, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, along with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and multiple pharmaceutical companies, have implemented many risk mitigation strategies. Abuse-deterrent drug delivery technology and more consistent prescribing of the opioid antagonist, naloxone, are two of the mechanisms of reducing harm in patients on chronic opioid therapy. Abuse-deterrent technology is implemented into different commercially available opioid products with the intent of discouraging manipulation of the opioid or making the use of the manipulated opioid less appealing. Use of the opioid antagonist, naloxone, for reversal of intentional or unintentional opioid overdose is a safe and effective means to reduce potential risk in patients who are on opioids for pain management. These mechanisms have multiple advantages and limitations that influence their practical use specifically in patients with cancer pain. Patients with cancer pain have unique therapeutic needs and goals, and their balance of treatment risks and benefits differs from that of other kinds of chronic pain disorders. This article provides an overview of the advantages and limitations of these specific harm-reduction strategies and provides guidance on how to practically utilize them when caring for patients with cancer pain. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Treating cancer pain has important and unique considerations compared with other chronic, noncancer pain disorders. The use of risk mitigation strategies for opioid prescribing as promoted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not translate seamlessly to patients with cancer. It is crucial to be wary of the advantages and pitfalls of all risk mitigation strategies related to opioid use in patients with cancer pain. Careful examination of patient-specific risks and benefits should always be considered when implementing pharmacologic treatment and harm-reduction strategies for the management of cancer pain.
About Shape Memory Alloys

Numerous metallic alloys are now known to exhibit a shape memory effect through which an article deformed at a lower temperature will regain its original undeformed shape when heated to a higher temperature. This behavior is basically a consequence of a martensitic phase transformation. When compared, the various shape memory materials are found to have common characteristics such as atomic ordering, a thermoelastic martensitic transformation which is crystallographically reversible, and a martensite phase which forms in a self-accommodating manner. The explanation of the shape memory phenomenon is now universal and well in hand. In addition to the familiar “one-way” memory, shape memory alloys also exhibit a “two-way” memory as well and a “mechanical” shape memory resulting from the formation and reversal of stress-induced martensite.
Dissociation of mGlu2/3 agonist effects on ketamine-induced regional and event-related oxygen signals

Validating preclinical biomarkers that predict treatment efficacy remains a critical imperative for neuropsychiatric drug discovery. With the establishment of novel in vivo imaging methods, it has become possible to think how such translational proof-of-concept studies may look. The aim of this study was to use in vivo oxygen (O2) amperometry to simultaneously assess the regional and event/task-related O2 changes induced by ketamine challenge in rats, and to determine whether both of these signals are equivalently affected by the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268. O2 signals were measured via carbon paste electrodes implanted in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of rats trained to perform a simple reaction time task (SRT). SRT performance, event-related ACC O2 responses, and regional ACC O2 signal were recorded simultaneously in animals treated with ketamine (10 mg/kg) and/or LY379268 (3 mg/kg). A consistent relationship was observed between baseline SRT performance and related ACC O2 signals, suggesting that ACC engagement is likely to be a requirement for optimal task performance. Ketamine induced a robust and consistent slowing in reaction times that was reflected by a delayed event-related ACC O2 signal increase compared to vehicle controls. Ketamine also produced a regional and task-independent 60-min increase in ACC O2 levels which was effectively attenuated by LY379268. However, LY379238 failed to reverse alterations in event-related O2 signals and associated SRT task performance. These findings raise questions about the degree to which such reversals of regional ketamine O2 signals could potentially be claimed to predict drug treatment efficacy.
Retained bones of the second twin following a cesarean section: a case report

Twin pregnancies are increasing due to assisted reproductive techniques. Following the death of one twin in-utero, the surviving and dead twin are removed from the uterine cavity at delivery. This is a report of a 38-year-old para 0+3 woman who experienced fetal demise of one of a set of twins at 20 weeks of gestation. She had an elective cesarean section during which the dead twin was forgotten in the uterine cavity. She presented with profuse vaginal discharge that was sterile on culture. An ultrasound scan showed the presence of several echogenic substances within the endometrial cavity. These substances were hysteroscopically removed and confirmed by histology to be fetal bones. The vaginal discharge subsequently stopped. In conclusion, uterine revision should always be performed during cesarean section to prevent such an occurrence.
Information Dissemination From Social Network for Extreme Weather Scenario

The recent trend of dependence on the social network for information abstraction and propagation has a cumulative effect on critical response. The content and reliability of data are substantiated by acquiring data from a network of social site users. It captures the engaged multiple user behavior to formulate and diffuse the connected information across the channel. The objective is to identify a bridge between different data sources for event anomalies. This article proposes a novel approach toward identifying the sublevel anomalies and predictive investigation toward the use of Twitter’s social data during extreme weather scenarios. We performed qualitative analyses by gathering data from social media and weather data websites. Various analysis methods are proposed to aggregate the diffused information from the social network to generate influencing data. The analyses results further identify the connected user acknowledgment for dominant information in the public domain. This information is mapped by applying a convolutional neural network for a physical sensor data set to detect weather anomalies. Moreover, we exploited the reinforcement learning technique to determine smart policy on the influencing data. The results show that our proposed method can predict critical events with high precision during extreme weather emergency scenarios.
Nationwide Analysis of Endovascular Thrombectomy Provider Specialization for Acute Stroke.

Background and Purpose: Determine the extent of cerebrovascular expertise among the specialties of proceduralists providing endovascular thrombectomy (ET) for emergent large vessel occlusion stroke...
The marmoset as an important primate model for longitudinal studies of neurocognitive aging

Age-related cognitive decline has been extensively studied in humans, but the majority of research designs are cross-sectional and compare across younger and older adults. Longitudinal studies are necessary to capture variability in cognitive aging trajectories but are difficult to carry out in humans and long-lived nonhuman primates. Marmosets are an ideal primate model for neurocognitive aging as their naturally short lifespan facilitates longitudinal designs. In a longitudinal study of marmosets tested on reversal learning starting in middle-age, we found that, on average, the group of marmosets declined in cognitive performance around 8 years of age. However, we found highly variable patterns of cognitive aging trajectories across individuals. Preliminary analyses of brain tissues from this cohort also show highly variable degrees of neuropathology. Future work will tie together behavioral trajectories with brain pathology and provide a window into the factors that predict age-related cognitive decline.
Ensuring Racial Equity in Pregnancy Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.

The COVID-19 pandemic provoked sweeping changes in practice to care for pregnant and birthing people, and highlighted inequities that threaten to exacerbate racial disparities in maternal outcomes. Moreover, social distancing measures have made it harder for pregnant people to access support. Prioritizing widespread access to COVID-19 testing and vaccination for pregnant people is critical to ensuring they receive safe and equitable care. Transparency in reporting outcomes including race and pregnancy status is key. Expanding telemedicine services to provide mental healthcare and labor support is necessary to maintain access to critical social networks. Additionally, resources must be allocated to pregnant people with complex social needs and are the most vulnerable. Policy centered on maintaining equity and agency in the care of pregnant people is imperative now and should continue as the standard moving forward to narrow racial disparities in maternal health outcomes.
Solutions of Problems: Network Theorems (Tellegen’s and Linear Time-Invariant Network Theorems)

In this chapter, the problems of the seventh chapter are fully solved, in detail, step-by-step, and with different methods.
IL13 Acts Directly on Gastric Epithelial Cells to Promote Metaplasia Development During Chronic Gastritis.

Background aims It is well established that chronic inflammation promotes gastric cancer-associated metaplasia, but little is known regarding the mechanisms by which immune cells and cytokines regulate metaplastic cellular changes. The goals of this study were to identify interleukin 13 (IL-13)-producing immune cells, determine the gastric epithelial cell response(s) to IL-13, and establish the role(s) of IL-13 in metaplasia development. Methods Experiments utilized an established mouse model of autoimmune gastritis (TxA23), TxA23xIl4ra-/- mice, which develop gastritis but do not express the IL-4/IL-13 receptor subunit IL-4Rα, and TxA23xIL-13-YFP mice, which express yellow fluorescent protein in IL-13-producing cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure IL-13 secretion and identify IL-13-producing immune cells. Mouse and human gastric organoids were cultured with IL-13 to determine epithelial cell response(s) to IL-13. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on gastric epithelial cells from healthy and inflamed mouse stomachs. Mice with gastritis were administered IL-13-neutralizing antibodies and stomachs were analyzed by histopathology and immunofluorescence. Results We identified six unique subsets of IL-13-producing immune cells in the inflamed stomach. Organoid cultures showed that IL-13 acts directly on gastric epithelium to induce a metaplastic phenotype. IL-4Rα-deficient mice did not progress to metaplasia. Single-cell RNA sequencing determined that gastric epithelial cells from IL-4Rα-deficient mice upregulated inflammatory genes but failed to upregulate metaplasia-associated transcripts. Neutralization of IL-13 significantly reduced and reversed metaplasia development in mice with gastritis. Conclusions IL-13 is made by a variety of immune cell subsets during chronic gastritis and promotes gastric cancer-associated metaplastic epithelial cell changes. Neutralization of IL-13 reduces metaplasia severity during chronic gastritis.
Cross-sectional survey study of primary care clinics on evidence-based colorectal cancer screening intervention use.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine differences between urban and rural primary care clinics in the use of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening methods and evidence-based interventions to promote CRC screening. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of primary care clinics in Nebraska. Surveys in paper form were sent out and followed up with telephone interviews to nonrespondents. Of the 375 facilities, 263 (70.1%) responded to the survey. FINDINGS Over 30% of urban clinics indicated that 80% or more of their patients were meeting the CRC guidelines compared to 18.3% of rural clinics (P = .03). Rural clinics were more likely than urban clinics to prefer the use of colonoscopy alone or in combination with stool tests (P = .02). The most common interventions for CRC screening included one-on-one patient education and use of computer-based pop-ups to remind providers. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found some important differences between rural and urban primary care clinics in the implementation of CRC screening. Given that there is evidence for differences in preference for CRC screening methods (colonoscopy vs stool-based tests) between rural and urban community members, it is important to assess the effectiveness of different types of CRC screening interventions by comparing rural and urban primary care clinic patient populations.
Attitudinal Correlates of Brand Commitment: An Empirical Study

Abstract Although brand commitment has been a recurrent theme in loyalty research, the construct is not well understood with regard to its formation and its links to other key attitudinal variables. Integrating consumer research and relationship marketing theory, this paper suggests two routes to the development of affective commitment and proposes a model of brand commitment with satisfaction, trust, and brand-person fit as antecedents and exclusive purchase intention as an outcome. The model was tested across three product categories and received substantial empirical support. Implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Vulnerability in Margaret Atwood’s “Rape Fantasies”: A Game of Cards About Life

Since there have been no thorough and sustained readings of Margaret Atwood's popular short story "Rape Fantasies," its serious comments on sexual assault have been ignored in favour of concentrations upon its humour and its irony. Two important aspects are the bridge game, which serves to express notions of manipulation and control, mastery and vulnerability, and Sondra's telling silence in the face of the narrator's evident failure to fully understand what the effects of rape are. In turn, Estelle unknowingly implies her own vulnerability to possible sexual assault, because of her credulity to popular myths surrounding the problem of rape.
Engineering a 1:2 bio-multiplexer for controlled stem cell differentiation

Precise control of stem cell differentiation offers tremendous potential for tissue engineering. Synthetic gene networks provide a framework for understanding and engineering life. We propose to use synthetic gene networks to engineer circuits that dictate the cell fate of embryonic stem (ES) cells by controlling gene expression. These networks will be capable of turning on cell fate regulator genes in stem cells at precise times and under well-controlled and well-defined conditions based on external stimuli and the internal state of the cell. The over-expression of these cell fate regulator genes is sufficient to trigger particular differentiation path ways in ES cells. We have implemented a lentivirus delivered 1:2 multiplexer circuit for programmed differentiation. This network uses a transactivator, a repressor and one small molecule input Doxycycline (Dox). Dox selects to activate one of two cell fate regulator gene outputs, thereby pushing the ES cell along one of two differentiation pathways. Preliminary results demonstrate the ability to switch between the expression of two fluorescent proteins - EGFP and DsRed-Express based on the external input Dox. Upon integration of the cell fate regulators MyoD and Nanog into this circuit, ES cells will either differentiate into muscle or maintain their undifferentiated state. Characterization of this simple network in mammalian cells is an important first step as this circuit will serve as a basis for building more complex networks that can select between many outputs using only a few inputs to form structures that resemble complex tissues like the spinal cord.
Absolute intensity measurements of the CO2 bands 401-III /backward arrow/ 000 and 411-III /backward arrow/ 010

The absolute intensities of the studied transitions of CO2 have been measured from spectra obtained under high resolution. Vibration-rotation line intensities and integrated band intensities are reported. The studied bands are characterized by origins at 7593.5 and 7584 cm to the minus 1. Spectra were obtained by an Ames' 25-m base path White-type absorption cell equipped with silver-coated mirrors together with a 5-m focal length Czerny-Turner scanning spectrometer. The procedures for calculating the widths and intensities are explained, and uncertainty limits of the reported values are considered.
Psychosocial Issues in End-Stage Renal Disease: Aging

Older end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients presumably encounter multiple stressors: the need to undergo treatment for a chronic, life-threatening illness, age-related physical frailty and comorbidities, and exposure to psychosocial losses related to aging. However, most studies comparing older patients (typically patients aged 60 and older) with younger patients undergoing ESRD therapy indicate that the psychosocial well-being reported by older patients is at least as good as, and perhaps better than, the well-being reported by younger patients. These data reflect a health optimism generally characteristic of older persons, and ESRD patients' tendency to evaluate their functional status and their psychosocial well-being as largely independent domains. At the same time, availability of support from dialysis caregivers and from family members is acknowledged as a crucial variable affecting older patients' ability to successfully comply with treatment regimens and adjust to various ESRD therapies. Differential psychosocial outcomes related to older patients' sociodemographic characteristics are not well studied, but data from the United States show better perceived physical status and psychosocial well-being among older African-American patients than among older white patients on chronic dialysis. Suggestions are offered for methodological and conceptual refinements of research investigating the relation of age to psychosocial outcomes in ESRD.
Can family planning outreach bridge the urban-rural divide in Zambia?

Zambia experienced declining aggregate fertility and increasing aggregate contraceptive use from 1990 to 2000. Yet, in rural Zambia, progress in family planning has lagged far behind the advances made in Zambia's urban areas. The contraceptive prevalence rate in Lusaka and other urban areas outstripped the rate in rural Zambia by nearly 25 percentage points (41.2 percent versus 16.6 percent) in 2001. The total fertility rate varied between urban and rural areas by 2.5 children (4.3 versus 6.9 children). This paper considers the urban-rural differentials in Zambia and assesses family planning outreach as a tool to narrow this divide. This study uses the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, collected between 2001 and 2002. Logistic regression techniques were employed to examine factors associated with contraceptive use. The first analysis tested modern contraceptive use versus traditional method use and no use. In addition, separate models were run for samples stratified by type of residence (rural or urban) to determine if different factors were associated with use by residence. A simulation determined the effect of all women receiving at least one household visit from a health worker if all other variables were held constant. Differences in modern contraceptive use between urban and rural areas persist (OR: 1.56, 95 percent CI: 1.24–1.96) even after adjusting for a number of demographic, socioeconomic, cognitive, and attitudinal factors. Household visits by a community health worker significantly increased the likelihood of modern contraceptive use among rural women (OR: 1.83; 95 percent CI: 1.29–2.58). If all rural women received at least one outreach visit per year, the prevalence rate for modern contraceptive methods would be expected to increase for this group by 5.9 percentage points, a marked increase but less than one-quarter of the total urban-rural differential. Outreach in the form of health worker visits can improve access to family planning services, but it does not eliminate barriers to access or address continued high-fertility desires in Zambia. Until policymakers consider strategies that address both family planning demand creation and supply of services, progress in Zambia and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa will continue to lag behind the rest of the world.
The importance of odor and texture cues in food aversion learning

The apparent readiness of many rodent species to associate taste cues with illness has inspired some theorists to suggest that such animals are “predisposed” to acquire taste-illness associations, based upon specific adaptations of the feeding system. The present study demonstrates a reduced tendency to associate the gustatory cues of saccharin or salt with illness when alternative, olfactory cues are available, in both laboratory-bred Rattus norvegicus and second generation offspring of the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidis. The pattern of feeding preferences expressed during two forced-choice tests may be related to the biological importance of these gustatory cues or to the evolutionary adaptation of olfactory-oriented animals to utilize the greater information-carrying capacity of the olfactory channel. Texture was also demonstrated to be important in the acquisition of food aversions. The results can best be explained in terms of cue additivity where the magnitude of a food aversion is influenced not only by the relative importance of the cues involved but also by the actual number of cues available during the choice test.