cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing adhesion in microstructured systems through a robust computational approach

Analyzing surface forces for myriad geometric structures facilitates the design of properties in interacting interfacial systems. Along these lines, we demonstrate a generalized technique that can be utilized to evaluate the orientation dependence of a particle interacting with multiple finite or semi-infinite objects. Specifically, the surface element integration technique is modified to account for surface elements of a particle not directly adjacent to the object with which it is interacting; this facilitates the analysis of objects with finite shape and with arbitrary orientations. Furthermore, as a technology-relevant proof-of-concept demonstration, the influence of van der Waals (vdW) forces on the performance and reliability of microstructured systems used for the collection of trace particles is reported. The importance of the location of the particle contact with the microstructure and the independence of vdW forces generated by each microstructure is demonstrated using the developed computational approach. Thus, the methodology presented here can ultimately be utilized for a variety of interfacial forces generated by nontrivial systems with heterogeneous properties in order to provide design motifs in a low-cost, high-throughput manner.
Oral 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) Does not Affect Grooved Pegboard Test Performance

Abstract: There is limited knowledge of the neurocognitive effects of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is sold over-the-counter as a nutritional supplement. Animal studies have demonstrated that exogenous 5-HTP promotes the production of ectopic serotonin in dopaminergic neurons—an effect that may reduce dopamine output in these cells. Behavioral studies in humans have demonstrated specific 5-HTP induced cognitive deficits on the Iowa Gambling Task and the Tower of London task that are likely the result of reduced forebrain dopamine. However, it remains unclear if 5-HTP induced performance decrements observed on the Tower of London task were the result of a motor or cognitive impairment. The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to clarify this point by determining if oral administration of 150 mg of 5-HTP disrupts fine motor control, as measured by the Grooved Pegboard Test. Seventy five university undergraduates received either a placebo or 5-HTP and comp...
Assessing Viral Transfer During Doffing of Ebola-Level Personal Protective Equipment in a Biocontainment Unit

Background Personal protective equipment (PPE) protects healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD), and PPE doffing is a critical point for preventing viral self-contamination. We assessed contamination of skin, gloves, and scrubs after doffing Ebola-level PPE contaminated with surrogate viruses: bacteriophages MS2 and Φ6. Methods In a medical biocontainment unit, HCWs (n = 10) experienced in EVD care donned and doffed PPE following unit protocols that incorporate trained observer guidance and alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR). A mixture of Φ6 (enveloped), MS2 (nonenveloped), and fluorescent marker was applied to 4 PPE sites, approximating body fluid viral load (Φ6, 105; MS2, 106). They performed a patient care task, then doffed. Inner gloves, face, hands, and scrubs were sampled for virus, as were environmental sites with visible fluorescent marker. Results Among 10 HCWs there was no Φ6 transfer to inner gloves, hands, or face; 1 participant had Φ6 on scrubs at low levels (1.4 × 102). MS2 transfer (range, 101-106) was observed to scrubs (n = 2), hands (n = 1), and inner gloves (n = 7), where it was highest. Most (n = 8) had only 1 positive site. Environmental samples with visible fluorescent marker (n = 21) were negative. Conclusions Among experienced HCWs, structured, observed doffing using ABHR protected against hand contamination with enveloped virus. Nonenveloped virus was infrequent on hands and scrubs but common on inner gloves, suggesting that inner gloves, but not necessarily ABHR, protect against hand contamination. Optimizing doffing protocols to protect against all types of viruses may require reinforcing careful handling of scrubs and good glove/hand hygiene with effective agents.
Molecular Controls of Conidiogenesis in Aspergillus Nidulans

Three fungal species, Aspergillus nidulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Neurospora crassa, are providing insights into the mechanisms controlling fungal morphogenesis because they offer highly tractable molecular genetic systems and undergo morphogenetic processes representative of most fungal taxa. A common feature of these organisms is the ability to produce morphologically distinct cell types through alterations in the polarities and patterns of cell divisions. It is possible that homologous or analogous regulatory pathways exist that control cell division polarity to promote formation of hyphae or pseudohyphae or, alternatively, production of nearly spherical spores or yeast cells.
Access control using active rules

Access to only authorized resources is provided by access control mechanisms. Active or Event-Condition-Action rules make the underlying systems and applications active by detecting and reacting to changes. In this paper, we show how active rules can be used to enforce Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) standard. First, we analyze different components of active rules and their mappings for enforcing RBAC standard. Second, we discuss how RBAC standard is enforced using active rules. Finally, we discuss how active rules extend RBAC standard to cater to a large class of applications.
Insomnia as a Presenting Symptom of Sleep-Related Movement Disorders, Hypersomnias and Parasomnias

Insomnia can be considered as a symptom and as a diagnosis. A number of sleep disorders have insomnia as a principle presenting symptom. A careful history is needed to assess for the presence of coexisting sleep disorders in patients complaining of poor sleep quality. In this chapter, we will explore the clinical features of three common neurologically based sleep disorders that may have insomnia as a presenting feature: restless legs syndrome (RLS), narcolepsy with or without cataplexy, and parasomnias. Several medications used to treat insomnia may exacerbate the patient’s RLS and paradoxically worsen their insomnia. Montplaiser drew attention to the severe sleep disruption in persons with narcolepsy; findings included an increased number of awakenings, increased wake time after sleep onset, and increased time in stage I sleep. These findings have been replicated to varying degrees in a number of other studies. Finally, the coexistence of several sleep problems is more often the rule than the exception. Patients with multiple components to their impaired sleep quality are common and each may need to be addressed to optimally help these patients.
Trabajando esta cuestión: el impacto de "Borderlands/la frontera: the new mestiza" de Gloria Anzaldúa

I’ve broken down this brief essay into three sections: first, I offer a very brief biography of Anzaldua, and the trajectory of the more than twenty years since the book’s publication, including the founding of an organization that continues the work of Anzaldua’s life project. Secondly because this paper interrogates how Borderlands has radically changed the way we conduct certain areas of scholarly work, I look at some specific areas where this is evident and include an example of how Anzaldua’s coining or reclaiming of certain terms like mestizaje and facultad laid the groundwork for later work, as she delineated a path for spiritual activism. This leads to my final point: that the book shifts epistemological and ontological frameworks, functioning as a paradigm shift as described by Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), a paradigm shift that we need as we are in a time of transition, politically and socially in our globalized world.
Wind Wave Transformation

Wave-induced velocities are the primary driving force for littoral sand transport. For this reason, a major component of the NSTS program was to measure wave associated velocity and elevation fluctuations. A description of the shoaling wave transformation is a necessary ingredient in the development of any sediment transport model.
Verfahren der konjugierten Gradienten

Eine grose Anzahl von iterativen Verfahren zur Losung linearer Gleichungssysteme konnen als Minimierungsverfahren abgeleitet werden. Fur symmetrische, positiv definite Matrizen A hat die quadratische Form $$ q\left( x \right) = \frac{1}{2}{x^T}Ax - {x^T}b + c$$ (9.1.1) die Losung von Ax = b als eindeutig bestimmtes Minimum (Aufgabe 9.1.1). Daher sind Verfahren zur Minimierung von (9.1.1) auch Verfahren zur Losung von Ax = b.
Dynamics of a System of Particles

The principles of mechanics for a particle are extended here to a system of n discrete material points. We begin with Newton’s second law for a system of particles and formulate the momentum, impulse-momentum, moment of momentum, work-energy, conservation, and general energy principles for a system of particles. Several of the concepts introduced here are especially useful in the study (in Chapter 11) of Lagrange’s general equations for arbitrary dynamical systems, and the development of the moment of momentum principle for a system of particles provides a foundation for the independent presentation (in Chapter 10) of parallel results for the moment of momentum of a rigid body.
Materialismo consumista e (in)felicidad: una revisión de la bibliografía

In this paper we carry out an extensive review of the scientific literature on the links between materialism and happiness, from a multidisciplinary approach that includes psychology, communication, economics and ethics. The dominant line in the literature insists on linking greater materialism with a lower self-perception of happiness and well-being, and with a greater propensity for depression. In this review, we take into account the evidence accumulated in this regard, the current course of research and the challenges still not clarified by the academy.
Undoing the Psychologizing of the Psychological

In “Aesthetic Problems of Modern Philosophy,” first published in 1965, and later collected in Must We Mean What We Say?, Stanley Cavell wrote: We know the efforts of such philosophers as Frege and Husserl to undo the “psychologizing” of logic (like Kant’s undoing Hume’s psychologizing of knowledge): now, the shortest way I might describe such a book as the Philosophical Investigations is to say that it attempts to undo the psychologizing of psychology, to show the necessity controlling our application of psychological and behavioral categories; even, one could say, show the necessities in human action and passion themselves. And at the same time it seems to turn all of philosophy into psychology—matters of what we call things, how we treat them, what their role is in our lives. Frege, of course, insisted on distinguishing between what is thought in any act of thinking, the content of thought, which he conceived of as having a propositional form, and the thinking of it. A thought is what can be common to different acts of thinking, whether of one’s own or of another. It is thus essentially public, essentially shareable, unowned. By contrast the thinking of a thought is necessarily someone’s, necessarily owned, and so in that sense private. Frege depsychologized logic, by excluding the psychological from it. The logical must bear no trace of the psychological, for if that were not so, there would be nothing that could be true or false—and so no judgment, no belief, no propositional attitude, as thoughts have subsequently come to be called. There would be in Thomas Rickett’s memorable words, merely “mooing.” The first person is consequently banished from the logical order, for a first person thought is constituted by the thinking of it. But in depsychologizing logic as he did, Frege seemed to have psychologized psychology. Thus, in speaking of the Investigations as undoing the psychologizing of psychology, I take it, Stanley meant that it seeks to undo what Frege did. However, this doesn’t mean undoing what Frege undid, that is, erasing the sharp boundary between the logical and the psychological, but rather to not cede the psychological to psychology: what the PI calls for is to further what Frege began, but, as it were, against Frege. In other words, Stanley saw Wittgenstein as reintroducing the first person as essential to the logical order, the order of what we think.
Housebound: Selfhood and Domestic Space in Contemporary German Fiction

In life and in fiction, houses are compelling objects that shape an impressive range of personal and public affairs. A house embodies experiences often intensely emotional, and it also represents both a major financial investment and a material reality embedded in architectural, aesthetic, and social traditions. The house, the place where we try to be at home, can be regarded - as theorists from Gaston Bachelard to Edward S. Casey have argued - as the key space for our constructions of selfhood and belonging. A host of contemporary German narratives featuring houses highlight this relationship between selfhood and domestic space. Beginning with a historical and theoretical overview of the house in German literature, 'Housebound' analyzes the shelters - often highly ambivalent spaces - that writers such as Katharina Hacker, Arno Geiger, Walter Kappacher, Monika Maron, Jenny Erpenbeck, Judith Hermann, Barbara Honigmann, and Emine Sevgi Ozdamar build in their texts and what these reveal about contemporary selfhood in Germany and its relationship to the social world. The concluding comparative analysis of Katharina Hacker's 'Die Habenichtse' and the English novelist Ian McEwan's 'Saturday' reveals these developments in another national literature and makes a case for the global appeal of the domestic as a major site of identity politics. Monika Shafi is the Elias Ahuja Professor of German and Chair of the Department of Women and Gender Studies at the University of Delaware.
Weather Radar Network Benefit Model for Flash Flood Casualty Reduction

ABSTRACTA monetized flash flood casualty reduction benefit model is constructed for application to meteorological radar networks. Geospatial regression analyses show that better radar coverage of t...
Association of healthy child-rearing practices and children’s receipt of care in patient-centered medical homes:

Efforts to improve the quality of care for children have focused on the patient-centered medical home (PCMH), defined by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). Little research has focused on caregivers' role in choosing physicians for children. This study aims to determine whether healthy caregiving behaviors and specific behaviors are associated with children's receipt of PCMH care. Using data from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health, which includes information on child-rearing behaviors, we estimated logistic regressions, controlling for children's and caregivers' characteristics, to quantify possible associations. We found that each additional healthy child-rearing practice followed increased a child's chance of receiving PCMH care by 4.5% (p < 0.001). Being breastfed (children aged 0-5 years), sharing ideas with their caregiver (children aged 6-17 years), their caregiver ensuring homework is finished (children aged 6-17 years), and having TV time monitored (all ages), each increased the likelihood of PCMH use. These findings show that caregiving behavior is independently associated with locus of care. Future research is warranted as educating caregivers about healthy child-rearing may lead them to seek higher quality care for their children. Also, evaluating the effect of behaviors on health outcomes associated with PCMH would be valuable.
Identification and validation of a novel anti-virulent that binds to pyoverdine and inhibits its function.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: causes serious infections in patients with compromised immune systems and exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics. The rising threat of antimicrobial resistance means th...
Scenario-Based Generation of Ontologies for Domain-Specific Languages

Ontology-Driven Software Development has emerged as a significant mechanism in creating domain-specific languages (DSLs), allowing for expressing domain concepts effectively. Once an ontology is built, it is a simple process to generate the language’s metamodel and establish relationships among related concepts. However, the creation of the ontology is often a time-consuming and laborious task requiring familiarity with the domain being modeled as well as a basic understanding of ontology engineering. This paper discusses the use of natural language scenarios to create a domain ontology, which can be applied towards generating a metamodel for a DSL. A case study for aviation scenarios is presented by using increasing numbers of scenarios and comparing the models at different stages to observe the evolution of the ontology. The scenario-driven ontology developed is compared to an existing aviation ontology to understand its value.
Imprinting Laser-Particle Micro-correlations to enhance X-ray Free Electron Laser Performance

we will review recent advances exploiting laser-particle interactions to enhance the performance of accelerators and X-ray free electron lasers and their applications in ultrafast science.
Public service motivation: Putting our intellectual capital to work

When Lois Wise and I first wrote about public service motivation (Perry & Wise, 1990), public administration, at least in the U.S., was in transition. The late 1970s brought the first major federal...
Platelets as drivers of ischemia/reperfusion injury after stroke

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, despite reperfusion either via thrombolysis or thrombectomy, stroke patients often suffer from lifelong disabilities. These persistent neurological deficits may be improved by treating the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that occurs following ischemic stroke. There are currently no approved therapies to treat I/R injury, and thus it is imperative to find new targets to decrease the burden of ischemic stroke and related diseases. Platelets, cell fragments from megakaryocytes, are primarily known for their role in hemostasis. More recently, investigators have studied the nonhemostatic role of platelets in inflammatory pathologies, such as I/R injury after ischemic stroke. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of how I/R can lead to platelet activation and how activated platelets, in turn, can exacerbate I/R injury after stroke. We will also discuss potential mechanisms by which platelets may ameliorate I/R injury.
Moving forward with teledermatology: Operational challenges of a hybrid in-person and virtual practice

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, teledermatology services have become an integral part of our daily practice. In this study, we compared three practice models of an academic department in an urban setting: 1) in-person only, 2) teledermatology only, and 3) hybrid of in-person and teledermatology. Our study demonstrated that older patients prefer in-person visits over teledermatology visits, while non-English-speaking patients prefer teledermatology visits over in-person visits. In addition, teledermatology services can be better utilized for evaluation of acne and psoriasis, as these diagnoses do not require in-person reevaluation, unlike the evaluation of concerning lesions. Considering these findings, our study highlights the need to continuously examine our practice models to understand patient preferences, overcome practice-driven barriers, and ensure the sound allocation of limited health care resources.
Automatic defect detection for fabric printing using a deep convolutional neural network

Defect detection is a crucial step in textile and apparel quality control. An efficient defect detection system can ensure the overall quality of the processes and products that are acceptable to c...
Dendritic cell targeting with Fc-enhanced CD40 antibody agonists induces durable antitumor immunity in humanized mouse models of bladder cancer

Intravesical immunotherapy using Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) attenuated bacteria delivered transurethrally to the bladder has been the standard of care for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for several decades. BCG therapy continues to be limited by high rates of disease recurrence and progression, and patients with BCG-unresponsive disease have few effective salvage therapy options besides radical cystectomy, highlighting a need for new therapies. We report that the immune-stimulatory receptor CD40 is highly expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) within the bladder tumor microenvironment of orthotopic bladder cancer mouse models, recapitulating CD40 expression by DCs found in human disease. We demonstrate that local CD40 agonism in mice with orthotopic bladder cancer through intravesical delivery of anti-CD40 agonist antibodies drives potent antitumor immunity and induces pharmacodynamic effects in the bladder tumor microenvironment, including a reduction in CD8+ T cells with an exhausted phenotype. We further show that type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1) and CD8+ T cells are required for both bladder cancer immune surveillance and anti-CD40 agonist antibody responses. Using orthotopic murine models humanized for CD40 and Fcγ receptors, we demonstrate that intravesical treatment with a fully human, Fc-enhanced anti-CD40 agonist antibody (2141-V11) induces robust antitumor activity in both treatment-naive and treatment-refractory settings, driving long-term systemic antitumor immunity with no evidence of systemic toxicity. These findings support targeting CD40-expressing DCs in the bladder cancer microenvironment through an intravesical agonistic antibody approach for the treatment of NMIBC.
Progesterone stimulates histone citrullination to increase IGFBP1 expression in uterine cells

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) enzymes were initially characterized in uteri, but since then little research has examined their function in this tissue. PADs post-translationally convert arginine residues in target proteins to citrulline and are highly expressed in ovine caruncle epithelia and ovine uterine luminal epithelial (OLE)-derived cell line. Progesterone (P4) not only maintains the uterine epithelia but also regulates the expression of endometrial genes that code for proteins that comprise the histotroph and are critical during early pregnancy. Given this, we tested whether P4 stimulates PAD-catalyzed histone citrullination to epigenetically regulate expression of the histotroph gene insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) in OLE cells. 100 nM P4 significantly increases IGFBP1 mRNA expression; however, this increase is attenuated by pre-treating OLE cells with 100 nM progesterone receptor antagonist RU486 or 2 µM of a pan-PAD inhibitor. P4 treatment of OLE cells also stimulates citrullination of histone H3 arginine residues 2, 8, and 17 leading to enrichment of the ovine IGFBP1 gene promoter. Since PAD2 nuclear translocation and catalytic activity require calcium, we next investigated whether P4 triggers calcium influx in OLE cells. OLE cells were pre-treated with 10 nM nicardipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, followed by stimulation with P4. Using fura2-AM imaging, we found that P4 initiates a rapid calcium influx through L-type calcium channels in OLE cells. Furthermore, this influx is necessary for PAD2 nuclear translocation and resulting citrullination of histone H3 arginine residues 2, 8, and 17. Our work suggests that P4 stimulates rapid calcium influx through L-type calcium channels initiating PAD-catalyzed histone citrullination and an increase in IGFBP1 expression.
Perspective: The Power (Dynamics) of Open Data in Citizen Science

In citizen science, data stewards and data producers are often not the same people. When those who have labored on data collection are not in control of the data, ethical problems could arise from this basic structural feature. In this Perspective, we advance the proposition that stewarding data sets generated by volunteers involves the typical technical decisions in conventional research plus a suite of ethical decisions stemming from the relationship between professionals and volunteers. Differences in power, priorities, values, and vulnerabilities are features of the relationship between professionals and volunteers. Thus, ethical decisions about open data practices in citizen science include, but are not limited to, questions grounded in respect for volunteers: who decides data governance structures, who receives attribution for a data set, which data are accessible and to whom, and whose interests are served by the data use/re-use. We highlight ethical issues that citizen science practitioners should consider when making data governance decisions, particularly with respect to open data.
The quest for context-relevant governance of agro-forest landscape restoration in Central Malawi: Insights from local processes

Abstract Failures of sectoral approaches to avert environmental degradation increase demands for integrated approaches that mitigate conflictual management of forest, tree, and land resources. Despite much agreement on the consequent need for a holistic landscape approach for a well-integrated governance system, the requisite governance interactions and processes remain under-studied. Under the idea of polycentric governance systems (PGS), we employ the Ecology of Games Theory (EGT) to investigate qualitatively the structure and functions of the current governance system supporting collective restoration of two agro-forest landscapes in central Malawi. The EGT offers theoretical grounding for context-appropriate assessment of the quality of a PGS, based on 35 focus group discussions with local-level resource-governance bodies leading restoration efforts, 21 key informant interviews (KIIs) with district-level officers and local traditional authorities, and 16 KIIs with national-level stakeholders. The current governance system shares some PGS attributes but does not foster adequate cooperation to address challenges of limited resource capacity, inequitable resource distribution, and negative institutional externalities. Social learning and coordination mechanisms helped to catalyze critical interactions to realize some PGS benefits, but need strengthening. Findings show promise for a PGS that can achieve inter-sectoral and cross-scale coordination, building on the effective operationalization of existing decentralization institutions offering multi-stakeholder platforms and coordination venues. Dynamizing relevant policy spaces, institutions, and processes that foster necessary deliberation, learning, and coordination is important to mitigate negative institutional externalities. Findings uncover challenges of governance integration and can inform necessary institutional arrangements for well-coordinated landscape-scale restoration in Malawi and similar contexts in sub-Saharan Africa.
Effect of Pump Beam on the Amplified Signal Wavefront in DKDP Optical Parametric Amplification

The wavefront introduced by optical parametric phase is investigated in a DKDP optical parametric amplifier by varying pump-beam amplitude and phase profiles, demonstrating their impact on the wavefront of the amplified output signal beam.
Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV

The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells, interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades thought to be important to the entry process. Co-receptor signaling may also promote the development of neuroHIV by contributing to both persistent neuroinflammation and indirect neurotoxicity. But despite the critical importance of CXCR4 and CCR5 signaling to HIV pathogenesis, there is only one therapeutic (the CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc) that targets these receptors. Moreover, our understanding of co-receptor signaling in the specific context of neuroHIV is relatively poor. Research into co-receptor signaling has largely stalled in the past decade, possibly owing to the complexity of the signaling cascades and functions mediated by these receptors. Examining the many signaling pathways triggered by co-receptor activation has been challenging due to the lack of specific molecular tools targeting many of the proteins involved in these pathways and the wide array of model systems used across these experiments. Studies examining the impact of co-receptor signaling on HIV neuropathogenesis often show activation of multiple overlapping pathways by similar stimuli, leading to contradictory data on the effects of co-receptor activation. To address this, we will broadly review HIV infection and neuropathogenesis, examine different co-receptor mediated signaling pathways and functions, then discuss the HIV mediated signaling and the differences between activation induced by HIV and cognate ligands. We will assess the specific effects of co-receptor activation on neuropathogenesis, focusing on neuroinflammation. We will also explore how the use of substances of abuse, which are highly prevalent in people living with HIV, can exacerbate the neuropathogenic effects of co-receptor signaling. Finally, we will discuss the current state of therapeutics targeting co-receptors, highlighting challenges the field has faced and areas in which research into co-receptor signaling would yield the most therapeutic benefit in the context of HIV infection. This discussion will provide a comprehensive overview of what is known and what remains to be explored in regard to co-receptor signaling and HIV infection, and will emphasize the potential value of HIV co-receptors as a target for future therapeutic development.
Osmotrophy of dissolved organic carbon by coccolithophores in darkness.

The evolutionary and ecological story of coccolithophores poses questions about their heterotrophy, surviving darkness after the end-Cretaceous asteroid impact as well as survival in the deep ocean twilight zone. Uptake of dissolved organic carbon might be an alternative nutritional strategy for supply of energy and carbon molecules. Using long-term batch culture experiments, we examined coccolithophore growth and maintenance on organic compounds in darkness. Radiolabelled experiments were performed to study the uptake kinetics. Pulse-chase experiments were used to examine the uptake into unassimilated, exchangeable pools vs assimilated, nonexchangeable pools. We found that coccolithophores were able to survive and maintain their metabolism for up to 30 d in darkness, accomplishing about one cell division. The concentration dependence for uptake was similar to the concentration dependence for growth in Cruciplacolithus neohelis, suggesting that it was taking up carbon compounds and immediately incorporating them into biomass. We recorded net incorporation of radioactivity into the particulate inorganic fraction. We conclude that osmotrophy provides nutritional flexibility and supports long-term survival in light intensities well below threshold for photosynthesis. The incorporation of dissolved organic matter into particulate inorganic carbon, raises fundamental questions about the role of the alkalinity pump and the alkalinity balance in the sea.
Understanding Electrode Plasma Formation on Wires and Thin Foils Via Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Desorbed Surface Contaminants

Power flow studies on the 30-MA, 100-ns Z facility at Sandia National Laborat ories (SNL) have shown that plasmas in the facility’s magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) can result in a loss of current delivered to the load. 1 During the current pulse, thermal energy deposition into the electrodes (ohmic heating, charged particle bombardment, etc.) causes neutral surface contaminants layers (water, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, etc.) to desorb, ionize, and form plasmas in the anode-cathode (AK) gap. 2 Shrinking typical ele ctrode thicknesses (~1 cm) down to that of thin foils (5−200 µm) produces observable amounts of plasma on smaller pulsed power drivers (≤1 MA). 3 We suspect that as the electrode material bulk thickness decreases relative to the skin depth of the current pulse (50−100 µm for a 100−500-ns pulse in aluminum), the thermal energy delivered to the neutral surface contaminant layers increases, and thus more surface contaminants desorb from the current carrying surface.
Progress in side-chain thiophene-containing polymers: synthesis, properties and applications

In contrast to conventional main-chain conjugated polymers, incorporation of electronically active conjugated oligomers into non-conjugated polymer backbones as pendant groups represents a promising alternative strategy to developing novel electroactive polymer materials that are desirable for potential applications in organic electronics. This review focuses on polymers with thiophene in the side chain and summarizes the most important synthetic approaches to these polymers, including direct controlled polymerization techniques (e.g., ATRP, ROMP, and RAFT) as well as post-polymerization modifications. Additionally, various properties and applications of these polymers are discussed.
Magnetic Properties of Cubic and Hexagonal HoMn2

HoMn2 crystallizes in the cubic Laves phase C-15 (Fd3m) structure which has two inequivalent sites, one for the Ho (a) and one for the Mn (d). The structure can be transformed to the hexagonal Laves phase C-14 (P63/mmc) structure by a careful annealing procedure. In this structure, the Mn occupies two sites (a and h), and the Ho occupies an f site.
An enhancement scheme for hypercube interconnection networks

Hypercube interconnection networks have been used in many commercially available multiprocessor systems like the Cosmic Cube, Intel iPSC, N-Cube, and Connection Machine. It was found that the hypercube does not use its extra hardware very efficiently. A new interconnection structure is proposed as an alternative to the hypercube. This new network has a better performance while using less hardware. Since it uses similar types of hardware as the hypercube, it is relatively easy to adapt existing hypercube multiprocessors to the new network for better performance. 14 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Decrease in Bone Density in Young Male Guinea Pigs Fed High Levels of Ascorbic Acid

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of high oral intakes of ascorbic acid on bone metabolism in young guinea pigs and to inquire into the mechanism mediating these effects. Male guinea pigs 14 days old fed 8.7% of ascorbic acid for 6 weeks had decreased bone density and decreased urinary hydroxyproline compared to control animals fed 0.2% of ascorbic acid. To assess whether these changes were due to the acidity of the diet or to vitamin activity, salts of ascorbic acid, salts of erythorbic acid and free erythorbic acid were fed. There were no significant bone changes in any of these groups. The results strongly indicate that the acidity of ascorbic acid plays a part in the decrease in bone density but do not rule out that some other metabolic property specific to ascorbic acid may also be implicated.
Polypeptide Hormone Interaction II. GLUCAGON BINDING TO LYSOLECITHIN

Abstract The binding of glucagon to lysolecithin has been evaluated by fluorescence techniques. Fluorescence spectra and polarization measurements indicate that the hormone is bound to lysolecithin micelles. Since the rate of micelle dissociation below its critical micelle concentration is rather slow, binding is observed at all concentrations of lysolecithin. By similar criteria, the polypeptide hormone calcitonin, but not adrenocorticotropic hormone, was bound to lysolecithin micelles. Phosphatidyl serine showed very weak binding and lecithin no binding of glucagon. The colloidal properties of lysolecithin were evaluated from its interactions with two fluorescent dyes, i.e. eosin and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate.
An EUVE Detection of a Low-Mass X-ray Binary? AC211 in M15

We have observed M15 with EUVE, in an attempt to detect AC211, the well know globular cluster Low Mass X-ray Binary (LMXB). Our observations are part of an attempt to characterize the EUVE properties of LMXBs by looking at those towards which the extinction is extremely low (as it is for M15): these observations are impossible for the vast majority of Galactic LMXBs. EUVE successfully detected this cluster, at a countrate of 0.002 counts s-1. In this paper we discuss the association of this source with AC211, and alternative scenarios for EUVE emission from M15.
Eastern District Association News

(1944). Eastern District Association News. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 144-146.
Symmetry adapted perturbation theory for interatomic and intermolecular exchange interactions

The Hirschfelder Silbey perturbation theory applicable near the separated atom limit is modified taking into account both the overall permutational or spin symmetry and the zero-order local permutational symmetry applicable in the separated atom limit. The perturbation equations are developed in one step and the expressions for the perturbation energies in a second step. It is shown that there are a number of possible choices at each step, thus resulting in a great number of perturbation formalisms for the separated atom limit.
Effects of size and temperature on mud crab, Panopeus herbstii , predation on hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria

Predation byPanopeus herbstii onMercenaria mercenaria was significantly affected by temperature, and the size of predators and prey items. LargerP. herbstii opened more clams and preyed more successfully on larger clams than did smaller crabs. Increase in seed clam size and decrease in water temperature significantly reduced predation. Clam size appeared to be more important than crab satiation in reducing predation rate. Planting larger seed clams in cooler months should help to improve clam survival by reducing the impact ofP. herbstii in culture operations.
Early Maternal Behaviors and Child Characteristics: Which are Key Predictors of Cognitive Skills and Independent Social Function (Executive Processing Skills) in Full Term and High Risk and Low Risk Premature Children? † 1284

Early Maternal Behaviors and Child Characteristics: Which are Key Predictors of Cognitive Skills and Independent Social Function (Executive Processing Skills) in Full Term and High Risk and Low Risk Premature Children? † 1284
Gas-liquid equilibria in nitrogen + n-hexadecane mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures

Abstract Gas-liquid equilibrium in the temperature range 463–703 K in nitrogen + n-hexadecane mixtures was determined by a flow method. At each temperature, measurements were made at pressures from 20 to 255 bar or to near the critical pressure of the mixture.
The Use of Soil Solarization for the Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens in Strawberry and Red Raspberry Production

Root rot caused by Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae and P. fragariae var. rubi are major concerns in strawberry and raspberry production in the Pacific Northwest. Of lesser importance is black root rot of strawberry, caused by a complex of fungi and nematodes. Soil solarization was evaluated in 1997 in a strawberry planting and in 1998 in a raspberry planting for: (i) enhancing plant health and growth, and (ii) reducing population densities of root-destroying pathogens. Plots were solarized from mid-July to mid-September. Maximum and mean soil temperatures in solarized plots recorded at 10 cm depth were 48 and 33°C in the strawberry plots and 46 and 29°C in the raspberry plots. These temperatures were 7 to 17°C higher than temperatures recorded in nonsolarized plots. Soil collected after solarization was assayed by growing bait plants, cv. Totem strawberry or cv. Qualicum raspberry, at 15°C for 6 weeks in saturated soil to promote infections. Root health and plant growth were evaluated after 6 weeks. Solarization significantly reduced (P < 0.05) root necrosis and increased root weight of bait plants compared to plants grown in soil from nonsolarized plots. Infection of strawberry roots by P. fragariae, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Cylindrocarpon spp. was reduced (P < 0.05) by solarization in sampled soil. Disease was reduced in cv. Hood strawberries and Qualicum and Skeena red raspberries planted in solarized field plots. In the second growing season, total number and number of healthy primocanes of Qualicum plants were greater (P < 0.05) in solarized plots compared to nonsolarized plots. Solarization combined with applications of mefenoxam was no more effective in controlling diseases than solarization alone, but better than mefenoxam alone. Skeena plants responded similarly, but the differences were not significant. Red raspberry plants growing in solarized soil yielded more fruit than plants growing in nonsolarized soil in the third year after solarization. Solarization has potential as a component in an integrated pest management program of root diseases in raspberry and strawberry production, particularly within the first 2 years following planting.
Ancient expansion of the ribonuclease A superfamily revealed by genomic analysis of placental and marsupial mammals

Members of the ribonuclease (RNase) A superfamily participate in a diverse array of biological processes, including digestion, angiogenesis, innate immunity, and possibly male reproduction. The superfamily is vertebrate-specific, with 13–20 highly divergent members in primates and rodents, but only a few members in chicken and fish. This has led to the proposal that the superfamily started off from a progenitor with structural similarities to angiogenin and that the suerfamily underwent a dramatic expansion during mammalian evolution. To date this evolutionary expansion and understand the functional diversification of the superfamily, we here determine its entire repertoire in the sequenced genomes of dog, cow, and opossum. We identified 7, 20, and 21 putatively functional RNase genes from these three species, respectively. Many of the identified genes are highly divergent from all previously known RNase genes, thus representing new lineages within the superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the superfamily expansion predated the separation of placental and marsupial mammals and that differential gene loss and duplication occurred in different species, generating a great variation in gene number and content among extant mammals.
Predicting Overt and Cyber Stalking Perpetration by Male and Female College Students

In this study, self-report student surveys on early childhood maltreatment, attachment styles, alcohol expectancies, and narcissistic personality traits are examined to determine their influence on stalking behavior. Two subtypes of stalking were measured using Spitzberg and Cupach’s (2008) Obsessive Relational Intrusion: cyber stalking (one scale) and overt stalking (comprised of all remaining scales). As t tests indicated that men and women differed significantly on several variables, OLS regression models were run separately for men (N = 807) and women (N = 934). Results indicated that childhood sexual maltreatment predicted both forms of stalking for men and women. For men, narcissistic vulnerability and its interaction with sexual abuse predicted stalking behavior (overt stalking R2 = 16% and cyber stalking R2 = 11%). For women, insecure attachment (for both types of stalking) and alcohol expectancies (for cyber stalking) predicted stalking behavior (overt stalking R2 = 4% and cyber stalking R2 = 9%)...
Investigating the control of Listeria monocytogenes on alternatively-cured frankfurters using natural antimicrobial ingredients or post-lethality interventions

The objective of this study was to investigate natural antimicrobials including cranberry powder, dried vinegar and lemon juice/vinegar concentrate, and post-lethality interventions (lauric arginate, octanoic acid, thermal treatment and high hydrostatic pressure) for the control of Listeria monocytogenes on alternatively-cured frankfurters. Lauric arginate, octanoic acid, and high hydrostatic pressure (400 MPa) reduced L. monocytogenes populations by 2.28, 2.03, and 1.88 log 10 CFU per g compared to the control. L. monocytogenes grew in all post-lethality intervention treatments, except after a 600 MPa high hydrostatic pressure treatment for 4 min. Cranberry powder did not inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes, while a dried vinegar and a vinegar/lemon juice concentrate did. This study demonstrated the bactericidal properties of high hydrostatic pressure, octanoic acid and lauric arginate, and the bacteriostatic potential of natural antimicrobial ingredients such as dried vinegar and vinegar/lemon juice concentrate against L. monocytogenes.
Redox speciation of plutonium in natural waters

Data on the stability of Pu(V) as the dominant oxidation state of tracer concentrations of plutonium in natural waters is reviewed. Laboratory experiments for solutions of 0.1 and 1.0M (NaCl) ionic strength and pH 3–10 confirm the dominance of Pu(V) as the state in solution. Humics in the waters can cause reduction to Pu(IV).
Toward a New Identity: Nativism and Popular Music in Taiwan

By examining the music of two popular Taiwanese rock groups, Black List Studio and New Formosa Entertainment Troupe, this article explores the formation of a new Taiwanese identity. Specifically, this article studies the range of languages used by these two groups— Mandarin, Taiwanhua, Hakka, and English—as the primary trajectory of my inquiry into the phenomenon, and predicament, of Taiwan's quest for a new identity. During the first decade after the lifting of martial law in 1987, the relaxation of censorship prompted heated debates on, among other issues, Taiwanese identity, and witnessed the emergence of a Taiwanhua domination, which was reminiscent of the linguistic tyranny characterized by the earlier Mandarin-only policy imposed by the KMT government. To combat such a trend, New Formosa Entertain ment Troupe endeavored to portray Taiwan's multicultural society primarily through linguistic diversity, whereas Black List Studio strove to bring Taiwan out of its cultural cocoon by inserting the world i...
DEVELOPMENT OF 90 NEW BOVINE MICROSATELLITE LOCI

Polymorphic genetic markers are important tools in the construction of comprehensive genetic maps. This paper reports on the isolation and characterization of 90 new bovine microsatellite (ms) loci from enriched genomic libraries. The sequence of one clone (locus MNB-85) showed significant similarity to an intron of the human promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) gene. Screening of bovine and porcine somatic cell panels places the bovine PLZF homolog on BTA-15 and the porcine PLZF homolog on SSC-9. The 90 new microsatellite loci increase the number of microsatellites available for cattle by >5%.
Evaluation of lead movement from the abiotic to biotic at a small-arms firing range

An investigation to characterize the extent and speciation of lead contamination in water, soil, and surrounding biota was conducted at a small-arms firing and skeet range in West Point, New York. Specifically, lead concentrations were examined in sediment, soil, water, plants, fish and invertebrates. There is an elevated concentration of lead in the soil and sediment up to 11,000 μg/g and 340 μg/g and also evidence of bioconcentration of the lead by the surrounding biota. Earthworms had up to 90% higher concentrations of lead while tadpoles showed 20% higher concentrations compared with their controls. Lead uptake by indigenous plants gave varying results. Two species bioconcentrated lead 20 and 55 times greater than the control plants. These differences were significant (P <0.05 level) when tested by the student’s t test. Further studies show that the total leachable lead was highest in the invertebrates and vertebrates but not in the plants.