cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
External Systems and Mandates for Change: the Virginia experience

Abstract This paper reviews the history of externally imposed mandates for assessment and restructuring in higher education in the United States. The introduction and impact of both state legislative mandates and accreditation requirements are considered, giving particular attention to these developments in the state of Virginia. Empirical evidence bearing on the changes brought about by these mandates is also reviewed, including the changes brought about by the recent restructuring mandate in Virginia. It seems clear that data‐based restructuring is the paradigm of the future.
Characterizing a noninsertable directional device using the NIST uncertainty framework

We characterize and provide uncertainties for a noninsertable, directional device over a frequency range of 90 to 100 GHz using the NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework in conjunction with a commercial vector network analyzer. Our device consists of a chain of components, including a coaxial-to-waveguide adapter, a waveguide band-pass filter, a waveguide low-noise amplifier, a waveguide isolator, and a waveguide taper. With the aforementioned directional components, the well-known adapter removal technique is not adequate on its own for characterizing our device. In this paper, we describe and implement our method, and propagate the uncertainties from the two required calibrations to the characterized device.
Interactions between Src Homology (SH) 2/SH3 Adapter Proteins and the Guanylnucleotide Exchange Factor SOS Are Differentially Regulated by Insulin and Epidermal Growth Factor

Abstract Co-immunoprecipitation of whole cell extracts demonstrated that the guanylnucleotide exchange factor SOS was associated with the small adapter proteins Grb2, CrkII, and Nck. In vitro binding indicated a similar binding affinity of SOS for all three adapter proteins but with a slightly lower Kd for Grb2 (∼2.5-fold) compared with Nck and CrkII. Insulin stimulation resulted in co-immunoprecipitation of tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS1 with Grb2 and to a lesser extent CrkII. Although Grb2 also associated with tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc, there was no detectable interaction of CrkII with Shc. In contrast, EGF stimulation resulted in the predominant co-immunoprecipitation of Grb2 with the EGF receptor, whereas CrkII primarily associated with an unidentified 120-130-kDa protein. Similar to the ability of insulin to induce the dissociation of the Grb2-SOS complex, there was a concomitant time-dependent dissociation of the CrkII-SOS and Nck-SOS complexes. However, EGF stimulation had no effect on the association state of the Grb2-SOS or the Nck-SOS complexes but did result in a time-dependent dissociation of the CrkII from SOS. Together, these data demonstrate that different cellular pools of SOS associate with different adapter proteins forming various signaling complexes, each undergoing distinct patterns of assembly/disassembly following growth factor stimulation.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Therapy to Prevent the Progression of Renal Disease

Most studies of progressive renal disease assess the effectiveness of therapy from sequential measurements of renal excretory function, such as glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance, and serum creatinine concentration. This review summarizes the strengths and limitations of these measurements and proposes guidelines for selecting the outcome measure in clinical trials. In addition, this review examines certain issues related to the design and interpretation of studies on the progression of renal disease. Although this work primarily addresses issues relevant to clinical trials, the principles involved are relevant to the assessment of renal function in clinical settings as well.
A Comparison of Three Cervical Immobilization Devices

Objective. Prehospital cervical spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are rare but potentially catastrophic. Although spinal immobilization is resource-intensive, emergency medical services (EMS) personnel commonly immobilize trauma patients to prevent exacerbation of unrecognized SCI during transport. We compared the stabilization properties of a novel rigid, cervical immobilization collar (XCollar) with those of one-piece andtwo-piece rigid collars commonly used in the prehospital setting. Methods. This was a prospective laboratory study of healthy adult volunteers to determine total cervical motion in the horizontal, coronal, andsagittal planes in both seated andsupine positions. Goniometric techniques were used to measure head andneck movement after marking anatomic landmarks. Ranges of motion were compared with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons, setting significance at p ≤ 0.004. Results. Twenty-five subjects (11 men; 14 women) completed the st...
Correlation of GREB1 mRNA with protein expression in breast cancer: validation of a novel GREB1 monoclonal antibody.

Studies of gene regulated by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) have focused on mRNA levels with limited evidence about GREB1 protein expression in normal and breast cancer cells. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes GREB1 protein in breast tissues could be applied to correlate protein expression with established mRNA expression data. A hybridoma expressing a murine monoclonal antibody targeting a 119 amino acid peptide specific to human GREB1 was generated. The novel monoclonal GREB1 antibody (GREB1ab) was validated for use in Western blotting as well as immunohistochemical (IHC) applications. GREB1ab detects a 216 kDa protein corresponding to GREB1 in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα+) breast cancer cells as well as ERα− breast cancer cells transduced with a GREB1 expression vector. GREB1ab specificity was verified using an ERα antagonist to prevent GREB1 induction as well as a silencing siRNA targeting GREB1 mRNA. GREB1ab was further validated for detection of GREB1 by IHC in breast cancer cell lines and breast tissue microarrays (TMA). ERα+ cell lines were observed to express GREB1 while ERα− cell lines did not express detectable levels of the protein. Using breast cancer tissue whole sections, IHC with the GREB1ab identified protein expression in ERα+ breast cancer tissue as well as normal breast tissue, with little GREB1 expression in ERα− breast cancer tissue. Furthermore, these data indicate that GREB1 mRNA expression correlates well with protein expression. The novel monoclonal GREB1ab is specific for GREB1 protein. This antibody will serve as a tool for investigations focused on the expression, distribution, and function of GREB1 in normal breast and breast cancer tissues.
The Agreement of Colposcopic Grading as Compared to Directed Biopsy Results

Objective. Our goal was to compare the agreement of colposcopic impressions between inexperienced and experienced examiners and the ability of examiners to predict severity of disease at directed biopsy results. Materials and Methods. Resident and faculty colposcopists assessed coloration, border, topography, and surface vessels to grade cervical lesion severity. Colposcopic features, their location, and impressions [metaplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN2, CIN3, carcinoma] were recorded. Then these impressions were compared to biopsy results. Results. The agreement of colposcopic impressions between resident and faculty examiners was fair to good (κ= 0.56). The ability of both groups to identify all categories of squamous abnormalities was fair to good (sensitivity, 82–86%; positive predictive value, 58–62%; accuracy 60–63%) with minimal differences between the two groups of examiners. Both examiner groups could identify CIN2 and CIN3 with an accuracy rate of 78 to 82%; misdiagnosis of squamous metaplasia occurred in only 8 to 12% of cases. The one patient with squamous cell carcinoma was predicted by both the resident and the faculty physician. Conclusions. Using established, abnormal colposcopic features can reasonably predict areas with biopsy-proven squamous abnormalities. This capability is particularly true in patients with CIN 2 and CIN 3, wherein the likelihood of misinterpreting these areas as nonneoplastic is small. Nevertheless, directed biopsy is necessary to verify the true degree of abnormality present.
Social Interaction: Assessment and Intervention with Regard to Students Who Are Deaf.

Personnel in school settings where deaf children are enrolled can play an important role in facilitating the acquisition of mature social skills. Social interaction assessment, curricula, and examples of goals and objectives are provided in this article as well as suggestions for facilitating social integration and developing a Circle of Friends. A tool that interpreters or other significant adults might utilize to empower hearing peers is also provided. It can be used for assessment purposes or as a model for appropriate comments. Finally, six commercially-available social skills curricula are described for use with students who are deaf.
An inequality with applications to percolation theory and reliability theory

The concept of a New Better than Used (NBU) one-dimensional distribution is generalized to multidimensional distributions. We call multi-dimensional distributions with this new property SNBU and show that a product of NBU distributions is SNBU. Several known results from reliability theory and some new results in percolation theory follow as special cases. This is joint work with J. van den Berg.
Medical imaging and computers in the diagnosis of breast cancer

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and quantitative image analysis (QIA) methods (i.e., computerized methods of analyzing digital breast images: mammograms, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance images) can yield novel image-based tumor and parenchyma characteristics (i.e., signatures that may ultimately contribute to the design of patient-specific breast cancer management plans). The role of QIA/CAD has been expanding beyond screening programs towards applications in risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy as well as in data mining to discover relationships of image-based lesion characteristics with genomics and other phenotypes; thus, as they apply to disease states. These various computer-based applications are demonstrated through research examples from the Giger Lab.
Stepwise time response of corn yield and economic return to no tillage

The adoption of no tillage (NT) in crop production has been encouraged primarily due to its more significant benefits to the environment compared with other conservation tillage systems. There are nevertheless concerns about NT corn (Zea mays L.) performance from both short- and long-term perspectives. This study was conducted near Burlington, Nashua, Newell, Sutherland, and Crawfordsville in Iowa from 1978 through 2001 to evaluate corn production in 4- to 5-year phases under long-term NT management. Field experiments were conducted using a complete randomized block, or split-plot design. Seven tillage systems including NT, moldboard plow (MP), ridge tillage (RT), chisel plow (CP), reduced tillage (RDT), field cultivation (FC), and tillage-plant (TP) were evaluated in terms of corn yield and economic return. Differences between NT and other tillage systems in either corn yield or economic return did not change with the 4- to 5-year phases within the entire study period. The competitiveness of NT over MP, RT, CP, or other tillage systems in the early years (first 4–5 years) since tillage adoption, was as strong as that after 8–10 years. This finding is encouraging to those corn producers who are reluctant to use NT, because of their concern about the poor performance of NT corn during the early years. Yield differences between NT and other tillage systems in each 4- to 5-year phase, or averaged over the entire study period, were mostly within 5% in a corn–soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) rotation. No tillage generally had equal or greater economic return than other tillage systems in each 4- to 5-year phase and over the entire study period. The yield and economic return benefits of a corn–soybean rotation relative to continuous corn remained generally the same over time under long-term NT management. Therefore, the adoption of a NT system can be accomplished without lowering the economic return from both short- and long-term perspectives. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The politics of anxiety: Prussian protestants and their Mazurian parishioners

Friedrich Oldenberg (1820-94), the Managing Director of the Central Committee for Inner Missions, toured the southern districts of East Prussia in the autumn of 1865. He made the trip at the request of the Inner Mission Society and the Senior Consistory in Berlin because officials had received some disturbing information about the pastors serving in the United Prussian Church. According to the reports, the clergy in the eastern districts were so insensitive and lazy that Protestant parishioners were turning to Catholic priests for pastoral care and then converting to Catholicism. Members of the Senior Consistory and the Minister for Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, Heinrich von Miuhler (1813-74), were concerned and wanted a trustworthy individual to inspect the region and submit a report on the East Prussian churchscape. They chose Friedrich Oldenberg, a Jewish convert and native of Kbnigsberg (East Prussia), as well as a longtime member of the Inner Mission Society. He toured the districts for two months and organized his findings in a lengthy report of 173 pages that he submitted in January 1866 to officials in Berlin. At the time that he filed his report, Prussian Protestants were struggling with a constitution for their church, German nationalism, Catholic Austria's influence in the western German realms, secularism, ultramontane Catholicism in the Rhineland as well as Posen/ West Prussia, and the perennial criticism of Prussian Lutherans who wanted to dissolve the United Prussian Church that the Hohenzollerns
Developing consciousness in organizations: The transcendental meditation program in business

This paper reviews retrospective, prospective, and case research on workplace applications of Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation technique for developing consciousness and human potential. The distinctive psychophysiological state of restful alertness produced by the Transcendental Meditation technique appears to improve employee health, well-being, job satisfaction, efficiency and productivity, in turn influencing organizational climate, absenteeism, and financial performance.
An area efficient on-chip static IR drop detector/evaluator

As the supply voltage shrinks with technology scaling, the slightest drop in the voltage level has a significant impact on chip functionality. It is, therefore, important to accurately measure supply voltage noise to evaluate the actual IR drop on-chip and to feed the results to a power management unit, which can scale the voltage and perform on-chip compensation based on the IR drop. In this paper, we propose a detection scheme based on a ring oscillator, which can detect and evaluate static IR drop on-chip with minimal additional area and design complexity.
Analysis and design of a proportional plus derivative fuzzy logic controller

The objective of this paper is to present the analysis and design of a proportional plus derivative fuzzy logic controller (PDFLC) that combines the mathematical approach with the linguistic interpretation of the control system. The design of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) generally involves manipulation of controller parameters based mainly on the designer's experience. A mathematical approach is needed to correlate FLC parameters with the system response but without obscuring the meaning of the actual physical action. In this paper, mathematical expression of PDFLC is developed and then used in time domain analysis to see the effect of controller parameter variation on the system response. The results from the analysis provide the basis for the design methodology developed. Finally, the step by step design procedure is presented and then demonstrated with a numerical example.
Purification and structural characterization of bacillomycin F produced by a bacterial honey isolate active against Byssochlamys fulva H25.

Aims: Isolate and characterize antifungal peptides exhibiting activity against Byssochlamys fulva H25, a spoilage mould associated with juices and beverages. Methods and Results: A bacterium (H215) isolated from honey showed high antifungal activity against B. fulva H25. The antifungal producer strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis using 16S rDNA sequencing. The antifungal peptide was purified by 20% ammonium sulfate precipitation of the bacterial culture supernatant, followed by Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. The five active fractions were lyophilized and subjected to mass, tandem mass spectrometry and amino acid analysis to deduce their corresponding molecular masses and structural characteristics. The five peaks were determined to be identical to bacillomycin F, varying in the length of the fatty acid chain moiety from C14 to C16. Conclusions: The broad-spectrum antifungal activity produced by a bacterium from honey was determined to be due to the production of bacillomycin F. Significance and Impact of the Study: The antifungal compound produced by a bacterial strain isolated from honey was determined to be stable over a broad pH range and was stable to heat treatments up to 100°C. This is the first report of honey microflora producing bacillomycin F or any antifungal compound.
Shared medical appointments: new concept for high-volume follow-up for bariatric patients

Abstract Background Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are a new model in patient care. This model was designed to improve patients' access to their physicians and improve physician productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction with SMAs after bariatric surgery. Methods The medical records of consecutive patients who were followed up after bariatric surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The type of bariatric surgery and type of medical appointment were recorded, as were the patients' replies to the evaluation questionnaires in the SMA group. Results From April 2004 to December 2004, 277 individual visits were conducted; 242 visits for patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 35 visits for patients who underwent laparoscopic gastric banding. Thirty-three SMAs occurred during that period—28 SMAs for patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 5 SMAs for patients who underwent laparoscopic gastric banding. Of the patients who initially participated in an SMA, 91% scheduled a subsequent SMA, and 96% indicated that they would recommend SMAs to others. On a scale of 1 to 5 (1, poor and 5, excellent), patients graded their overall experience with SMAs as 4.5. Other parameters in the questionnaire all ranked between 4 and 5. The average waiting period for an appointment before the implementation of SMAs was 57.7 days (range 50–65) for new patients and 50 days (range 20–72) for former patients. After the implementation of SMAs, the average waiting period was 25 days (range 8–42) for new patients ( P = 0.0046) and 20.3 days (range 0–42) for former patients ( P = 0.06). Conclusion The SMA offers the patient prompt access to medical care, enables high-volume follow-up, with high satisfaction rates.
Reliability analysis of future special protection schemes

The penetration of information-age technologies can bring significant changes to the area of instrumentation, monitoring, control, and protection in power systems. The development of the special protection schemes (SPS) is also likely to be influenced greatly. This paper proposes a conceptual all-digital SPS architecture which is possible in the future. The application of general methodologies of reliability analysis to the new all-digital SPS is focused in this paper. The implementation of the network reduction method and the Markov modeling method to obtain the reliability indices of the proposed SPS architecture is illustrated in detail.
Echocardiographic evaluation of porcine heterograft valves in the mitral and aortic positions

We evaluated 15 porcine heterograft valves in the mitral position and seven in the aortic position by echocardiography. Combining our quantitative description of valve stent and leaflet motion with 31 previously reported cases, we suggest echocardiographic criteria for the range of normal porcine heterograft valve motion in the mitral position. Quantitative evaluation of valve leaflet and stent motion for valves in the aortic position is described for the first time. Correlative hemodynamic and echocardiographic data is provided for three patients who underwent postoperative catheterization. The use of echocardiography in following the function of porcine heterograft valves is discussed.
HARVEST: an intelligent visual analytic tool for the masses

We present an intelligent visual analytic system called HARVEST. It combines three key technologies to support a complex, exploratory visual analytic process for non-experts: (1) a set of smart visual analytic widgets, (2) a visualization recommendation engine, and (3) an insight provenance mechanism. Study results show that HARVEST helped users analyze a corpus of text documents from a corporate wiki.
SCOUT contextually organizes user tasks

We explore ways to alleviate the current information explosion with an emphasis on organizing the abundance of legitimate (non-SPAM) emails that typical users receive daily. Our approach is to use information about the tasks implied by email message content along with context information about the environment of the message recipient. We focus on machine generated emails associated with workflow processes. We validate our approach by presenting the SCOUT portal application. This paper presents an overview of the SCOUT architecture together with results from a pilot user study that we have performed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of this system
A services oriented framework for next generation data analysis centers

Over the past decade, advances in computational and sensor technology have enabled us to dynamically collect vast amounts of data from observations, health screening tests, simulations, and experiments at an ever-increasing pace. Knowledge discovery and data mining is an iterative process concerned with deriving interesting, non-obvious, and useful patterns and models from such large volumes of data. Although inexpensive storage is conducive to maintaining said data, accessing and managing it for knowledge discovery and data mining becomes a performance issue when datasets are large, dynamic, and distributed. In this work, we present our vision of a software framework consisting of middleware services to support interactive data mining over dynamic data at data analysis centers built on top of heterogeneous clusters. The design of a sampling service for dynamic data, together with initial performance results, are also presented.
Reversible inhibition of the norepinephrine induction of lactate dehydrogenase by cytochalasin B in rat glial C6 cells.

The induction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) in rat glial C6 cells by a 24 hr treatment with 3 ..mu..M norepinephrine (NE) was inhibited 70 percent by the simultaneous addition of cytochalasin (CB; 5, 15, or 20 ..mu..g/ml of culture medium). Pretreatment of cells with CB did not increase the inhibition. CB added to the enzyme assay had no effect. Dimethyl sulfoxide, the solvent for CB, had no effect on LDH induction. Removal of CB from cells treated 24 hr with 25 ..mu..g/ml CB allowed maximal LDH induction, demonstrating that the effect of CB is fully reversible. CB had no effect on basal LDH levels and did not act as an inhibitor of general protein synthesis. Since CB did not modify the rate of degradation of LDH, it, therefore, appears to block LDH induction by selectively inhibiting its synthesis. CB had no effect on the transient (intracellular and extracellular) rise in cyclic AMP generated in response to NE treatment. CB was effective when added during the transcription phase (first 3 hours) but not the translation phase (after 3 hours) of LDH induction. Therefore, CB must inhibit one of the early events of the inductive process, e.g., protein kinase translocation,more » protein phosphorylation, or RNA synthesis and processing. The possible relation between the effect of CB or LDH induction and the disruption of microfilaments by CB is discussed.« less
Ultraviolet absorption spectra of pyridine-d0 and -d5 and their ring-bending potential energy function in the S1(n,π∗) state

Abstract The ultraviolet absorption spectra of both pyridine and its pyridine-d 5 isotopomer have been recorded and assigned with a focus on the low-frequency vibrational modes in the S 1 (n,π ∗ ) electronic excited state. More than a dozen absorption bands associated with the ν 18 (formerly labeled ν 16b ) bending mode were observed. An energy map for the low-frequency modes was constructed and the data for the ν 18 mode allowed a highly anharmonic one-dimensional potential energy function to be determined for the S 1 excited state. In this state pyridine is quasi-planar and very floppy with a barrier to planarity of 3 cm −1 .
Explaining prompts children to privilege inductively rich properties.

Four experiments with preschool-aged children test the hypothesis that engaging in explanation promotes inductive reasoning on the basis of shared causal properties as opposed to salient (but superficial) perceptual properties. In Experiments 1a and 1b, 3- to 5-year-old children prompted to explain during a causal learning task were more likely to override a tendency to generalize according to perceptual similarity and instead extend an internal feature to an object that shared a causal property. Experiment 2 replicated this effect of explanation in a case of label extension (i.e., categorization). Experiment 3 demonstrated that explanation improves memory for clusters of causally relevant (non-perceptual) features, but impairs memory for superficial (perceptual) features, providing evidence that effects of explanation are selective in scope and apply to memory as well as inference. In sum, our data support the proposal that engaging in explanation influences children’s reasoning by privileging inductively rich, causal properties.
Bean model extended to magnetization jumps

Abstract I extend the phenomenological Bean model of magnetization in hard superconductors to include the trains of magnetization jumps seen at low temperature in moderate-to-high magnetic fields. As in the original Bean model, no particular mechanisms for flux pinning are invoked. The extended model correctly accounts for the general dependence of the size of the magnetization jumps on sample size and critical current density. The data together with the model show that the shielding fields are approximately equal after each jump.
Is fair value accounting information relevant and reliable? Evidence from capital market research

Abstract In financial reporting, US and international accounting standard-setters have issued several disclosure and measurement and recognition standards for financial instruments. The purpose of this paper is to review the extant capital market literature that examines the usefulness of fair value accounting information to investors. In conducting my review, I highlight findings that are of interest not just to academic researchers, but also to practitioners and standard setters as they assess how current fair value standards require modification, and issues future standards need to address. Taken together, evidence from the research suggests that disclosed and recognised fair values are informative to investors, but that the level of informativeness is affected by the amount of measurement error and source of the estimates - management or external appraisers. I also provide a discussion of implementation issues of determining asset and liability fair values.
Simultaneous fluorometric determination of cortisol and corticosterone in human plasma.

ABSTRACT A fluorometric method is described for the simultaneous determination of cortisol and corticosterone in 2 ml of plasma. The method incorporates oxime derivative formation which alters cortisol and corticosterone fluorescence and thereby provides a measure of plasma blank fluorescence. The technique consists of the extraction of alkalinized plasma with methylene chloride, interaction of a dried down aliquot with 1% hydroxylamine, hexane wash and carbon tetrachloride partition for corticosterone followed by methylene chloride extraction for cortisol. Fluorescence is developed with sulfuric acid in both sample and blank tubes. Of various concentrations of fluorescence reagent tested, 10% ethanol in 85% aqueous sulfuric acid has been found to provide the greatest stability with the lowest blank values. Fluorescence may be read at leisure approximately 1 hr after adding the acid. Data on sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy and specificity are presented. Recoveries of cortisol and corticosterone add...
Sharing Isn't Easy: When Separate Institutions Clash

There is a lively debate in the United States about how the president and Congress do and ought to relate, and about the significance of recent clashes between the two over control of the bureaucracy. This article focuses on the causes and consequences of increased congressional (and presidential) review and specification of administrative behavior. It examines congressional oversight behavior, micromanagement by Congress, struggles over control of regulations and interpretations of statutes, and efforts by the White House to increase its control over appointments to executive positions. The article concludes with an overview of the sources of tension between the two institutions and an analysis of the conditions under which they could more successfully share power.
How is high heat flux cooling technology being driven by supercomputers

To develop new technologies or new techniques to solve thermal and system packaging problems. The solution to these system packaging problems is being complicated with the introduction of new component technologies that have unique thermal and packaging requirements that also now need to be integrated into supercomputers. The cooling of high heat fluxes on components, but also with the integration of new technology with unique thermal design requirements and the integration of their thermal solution into the system design. This paper describes a new system technologies and their thermal and packaging requirements that demand new and unique high heat flux cooling solutions.
The Order of Professionalization An Empirical Analysis

Using data on local, state, and national events in American medicine, this article analyzes the order in which professionalization occurs. A variety of basic “events” in professionalization are investigated: control of work, development of schools and other knowledge institutions, creation of professionally dominated work sites, association, licensing, and scientific transformation. At the local level, the sequence of professionalization seems to be control, practical knowledge, dominated work sites, and scientific transformation, with association coming approximately contemporaneous with practical knowledge. At the state level, control and association begin the process, in that order, with efforts proceeding both at the state level and in a state's major city. Widespread local activity in control and association come only later. Practical knowledge, controlled work sites, and various forms of “tangential” knowledge follow these earlier events. The article argues for a model of professionalization as a mu...
Severe Hemolysis Due to Passenger Lymphocyte Syndrome After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From an HLA-Matched Related Donor

A 61-year-old white man (group A, Rh-positive) was allotransplanted for acute myelogenous leukemia from his HLA-matched related sister (group O, Rh-positive) in 2 separate infusions. Three days after the second graft infusion, the patient's front blood type converted to O Rh-positive, with a negative direct antiglobulin test and elevated anti-A1 titer. Severe hemolysis developed, and the patient expired 14 days posttransplantation.
Bringing the Worker Back in: New Studies of Work in Mexico

This collection of “new studies of work” from Mexico represents one of several directions in research on labor and work in Latin America in recent years. Although firm-level, national, and transnat...
The Inquisition Brotherhood: Cofradía de San Pedro Martir of Colonial Mexico

As part of its religious, social and political mission, personnel of Mexico's Holy Office of the Inquisition were organized into a brotherhood, the Cofradia de San Pedro Martir, patron saint of the Inquisition. Although the Inquisition had functioned in New Spain from 1522, the brotherhood was not formally established until 1656. San Pedro Martir differed in many respects from other urban and rural confraternities in the viceroyalty. An outgrowth of Cruce-signati in the medieval inquisition, the Cofradia founded by Pope Innocent IV in 1252 after the murder of Inquisitor Peter Martir of Verona, came to Spain in the late fifteenth century. In the Iberian peninsula “Colegios de Familiares” formed and later developed into Cofradias whose membership was drawn from the Familiatura , a body of non-salaried Inquisition police known as Familiares.
Blocking internalization of pBP1, a secreted homeoprotein, kills breast cancer cells but not normal breast epithelial cells.

Abstract #3068 Background: BP1 is a member of the homeobox gene family, a highly conserved family of transcription factor genes. pBP1 is a homeotic protein that is upregulated in 80% of invasive ductal breast tumors. We have previously shown that the percentage of pBP1 positive breast cancer cases increases with the extent of cellular proliferation and carcinogenesis. BP1 expression is associated with aggressive tumors: 100% of ER negative tumors were BP1 positive, compared with 73% of ER positive tumors. pBP1 is secreted by MCF-7 cells, T47D cells, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, but not by MCF10A or H16N2 normal breast epithelial cells. In all cell lines tested, secreted pBP1 is internalized, resulting in stimulation of growth. Moreover, incubation of MCF-7 or MCF10A cells in recombinant pBP1 results in stimulation of several oncogenes, including bcl-2, Twist, and Met. These results led us to ask whether we could abrogate mitogenic stimulation by addition of anti-pBP1 antibody. Materials and Methods. Cells were incubated in 10 µg/ml anti-BP1 Ab (Novus) or 10 µg/ml IgG for three days. Growth was measured using MTT assays and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry after staining with Annexin V (Trevigen). Results. Addition of anti-BP1 Ab to the growth medium of MCF-7 cells, T47D cells, and MDA-MB-231 cells caused significant growth inhibition and apoptosis. In contrast, addition of anti-BP1 Ab to the growth medium of MCF10A and H16N2 cells did not lead to significant growth inhibition or apoptosis. Discussion. Our novel finding that pBP1 is secreted by breast cancer cells but not normal breast epithelial cells was the impetus to test the effect of adding anti-BP1 Ab to the growth media of both types of cells. Remarkably, anti-BP1 Ab kills only the breast cancer cells, suggesting they may be BP1-dependent. Our data indicate it may be possible to specifically target BP1 positive breast cancer cells in the 80% of women with BP1 positive tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3068.
Membranes and organelles of dehydratedSelaginella andTortula retain their normal configuration and structural integrity

Dry (7–10% water content) leaves of the spikemossSelaginella lepidophylla (“resurrection plant”) and of the desiccationtolerant moss,Tortula ruralis were examined by freeze fracture electron microscopy. As has been described for dry seeds, the cells of these dehydrated leaves were shrunken, with highly convoluted walls and membranes. The membranes of all samples had a lipid bilayer organization with dispersed intramembranous particles (IMPs). Lipid droplets were very closely associated with the plasmamembrane. Chloroplasts were surrounded by a double membrane envelope and contained well-organized grana. Mitochondria were irregular in outline, and endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic vesicles were present.
Case report of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the testis with an 8-year survival.

AbstractThe low incidence of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma prevents any one person or institution from presenting any meaningful data in the form of effective treatment based on clinical experience. We realize that this is an antidotal case but the stakes are high when treating any malignancy of the young. Therefore, we advocate early and aggressive therapy using all modalities of treatments, and cite this case which initially seemed hopeless but to date has all the hallmarks of a cure.
Expression of a 130-kDa mesothelial and ciliated cell Ag (MCp130) in normal and developing human and rat lung and its role as a diagnostic marker for mesotheliomas and tumors of the female reproductive system.

BACKGROUND : Proteins in human lung lavage were analyzed to identify cell-specific markers for potential use in the study of the biology and pathology of pulmonary cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : Proteins associated with pulmonary surfactant were used to raise mAb. An Ab to a 130-kDa protein (MCpl30) was reactive with ciliated and mesothelial cells. Expression of this Ag in normal organs, developing lung, and tumors was investigated. RESULTS : By Western blotting, the Ab stained a protein of about 130 kDa. In formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from adult human and rat organs, the Ab specifically stained the luminal/apical surfaces of pulmonary and nonpulmonary ciliated and mesothelial cells. Staining of fetal airway cells was independent of ciliation. Airway cell staining was detectable in human fetal lungs at 12 weeks of gestation and at Day 18 of gestation in fetal rat. The Ab reacted with human and rat fetal mesothelial cells at the gestational ages of 15 weeks and 17 days, respectively. It also stained ciliated cells in endosalpinx and endometrium. Human epithelial mesotheliomas and ovarian and endometrial carcinomas stained selectively, whereas other pulmonary tumors and tumors of other organs did not react with the Ab. CONCLUSIONS : This 130-kDa mesothelial and ciliated cell plasma membrane protein appears in developing lung at an earlier age than secretory proteins. The marker is of potential use in the study of development of the different cell lineages in the lung and female reproductive tract. The Ab is expected to be useful in the diagnosis of epithelial mesotheliomas and ovarian/endometrial carcinomas, because it selectively stains these tumors and is reactive with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
Recent advances in microwave multi-modal SAR remote sensing of the terrestrial covers

Land cover monitoring is one of the most potential applications of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (POLSAR) sensing and so is Repeat-Pass Polarimetric-Interferometric SAR (RP-DIFF-POL-INSAR) stress-change assessment by air/high-altitude/space-borne SAR sensor deployment. Provided fully polarimetric SAR information can be made available, a plethora of novel POLSAR matrix decomposition methods can be implemented for recovering rather precise scattering contributions from isolated and distributed scattering scenarios, and so can rather exact environmental changes from consecutive repeat-pass observations at 1 m resolution from air and from space. With the recent launches of the fully polarimetric satellites JAXA-ALOS (PAL-SAR-L-Band), the DLR TerraSAR-X (X-Band) and of RADASAT-2 (C-Band), a new era in space imaging of the terrestrial terrain and ocean surfaces has arrived providing unforeseen advantages. Whereas in the past, POLSAR applications were focused mainly on information product gathering for agriculture, forestry and the fisheries, little emphasis was placed on demonstrating its full capacity also for the assessment of natural habitats and especially wetlands and desert regions. Specifically, we are now able to demonstrate how seasonal changes and features of vegetation in natural habitats, shallow vegetated lakes and wetlands & deserts can be recovered under worst weather conditions and at day and during night at most distant and often inaccessible hidden sites, where for example migrant birds rest. Land cover monitoring is one of the most potential applications of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (POLSAR) sensing and so is Repeat-Pass Polarimetric-Interferometric SAR (RP-DIFF-POL-IN-SAR) stress-change assessment by air/high-altitude/space-borne SAR sensor deployment. Provided fully polarimetric SAR information can be made available, a plethora of novel POLSAR matrix decomposition methods can be implemented for recovering rather precise scattering contributions from isolated and distributed scattering scenarios, and so can rather exact environmental changes from consecutive repeat-pass observations at 1 m resolution from air and from space. It is essential to emphasize that fully polarimetric SAR image data sets are strictly required for optimal information extraction and compacted or hybrid quasi-polarimetric SAR imaging will fail to discover intricate detailed feature characteristics and parameters.
On the Benefits of Combining Functional and Imperative Programming for Multicore Software An Empirical Study Comparing Scala and Java

Recent multi-paradigm programming languages combine functional and imperative programming styles to make software development easier. Given today’s proliferation of multicore processors, parallel programmers are supposed to benefit from this combination, as many difficult problems can be expressed more easily in a functional style while others match an imperative style. However, due to a lack of empirical evidence from controlled studies, important software engineering questions are largely unanswered. Our paper is the first to provide thorough empirical results by using Scala and Java as a vehicle in a controlled comparative study on multicore software development. Scala combines functional and imperative programming while Java focuses on imperative sharedmemory programming. We study thirteen programmers who worked on three projects, including an industrial application, in both Scala and Java. In addition to the resulting 39 Scala programs and 39 Java programs, we obtain data from an industry software engineer who worked on the same project in Scala. We analyze key issues such as effort, code, language usage, performance, and programmer satisfaction. Contrary to popular belief, the functional style does not lead to bad performance. Average Scala run-times are comparable to Java, lowest run-times are sometimes better, but Java scales better on parallel hardware. We confirm with statistical significance Scala’s claim that Scala code is more compact than Java code, but clearly refute other claims of Scala on lower programming effort and lower debugging effort. Our study also provides explanations for these observations and shows directions on how to improve multi-paradigm languages in the future.
17 Quivers of Monoid Algebras

In this chapter we provide a computation of the quiver of a left regular band algebra, a result of Saliola [Sal07], and of a \(\mathcal{J}\)-trivial monoid algebra, a result of Denton, Hivert, Schilling, and Thiery [DHST11]. These are special cases of the results of Margolis and the author [MS12a], computing the quiver of an arbitrary rectangular monoid algebra. However, the latter result is much more technical and beyond the scope of this text. We also describe the projective indecomposable modules for \(\mathcal{R}\)-trivial monoid algebras as partial transformation modules. This result is from the paper of Margolis and the author [MS12a] and again generalizes earlier results of Saliola [Sal07] for left regular bands and of Denton, Hivert, Schilling, and Thiery [DHST11] for \(\mathcal{J}\)-trivial monoids.
Feasibility of dietary intervention in a breast cancer population.

e11505 Background: Caloric restriction (CR), or reducing caloric intake by 20-40%, induces molecular changes which are also altered in breast cancer leaving cancer cells more susceptible to cytotox...
Introduction to Feminist Judgments: Rewritten Tax Opinions

Could a feminist perspective change the shape of the tax law? Most people understand that feminist reasoning has tremendous potential to affect, for example, the law of employment discrimination, sexual harassment, and reproductive rights. Few people may be aware, however, that feminist analysis can likewise transform tax law (as well as other statutory or code-based areas of the law). By highlighting the importance of perspective, background, and preconceptions on the reading and interpretation of statutes, Feminist Judgments: Rewritten Tax Opinions shows what a difference feminist analysis can make to statutory interpretation. This volume, part of the Feminist Judgments Series, brings together a group of scholars and lawyers to rewrite tax decisions in which a feminist emphasis would have changed the outcome or the court’s reasoning. The volume includes cases that implicate gender on their face (like medical expense deductions for fertility treatment or gender confirmation surgery as well as special tax benefits for married individuals), as well as cases that require a more nuanced understanding of history, politics and economics (such as the tax treatment of tribal lands and the business expense deduction). This book opens the way for a discussion of how viewpoint is a key factor in statutory interpretation.
Enhancing Global Research and Education (G-STEM) at Spelman College

Across the USA, there is a disproportionally lower number of African-American women who choose to pursue degrees and careers in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) disciplines. Spelman College, a historically Black college and a global leader in the education of women of African descent, has made strategic and focused efforts to increase the international experiences of all students; however, there are specific challenges related to STEM students. To meet these challenges, the “Enhancing Global Research and Education in STEM” program (G-STEM) was created to provide African-American STEM students with formally mentored international research experiences so that they complete their undergraduate STEM major with transformative worldviews. The G-STEM program has created 15 international partnerships, and offers STEM research placements across the globe. A total of 104 students have participated in this program; and 98% of these students have graduated, or are set to graduate. Of those that have graduated, 42% are currently enrolled in STEM graduate programs (MS or PhD) or health-career graduate programs (medicine, nursing, dentistry). These numbers indicate that the exposure to structured international research experiences may significantly influence a student’s likelihood of graduation and further pursuit of a career in the STEM disciplines. This chapter reviews the development of the G-STEM program, highlighting successful international research partnership typologies, recruitment and retention practices of underrepresented students, and the development of an integrated mentoring program. Student experiences and outcomes are presented, followed by a discussion of the barriers to STEM student participation in international research experiences.