cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Volume Relationships and the CPVC

The simplicity of the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) concept belies its importance in coatings formulations, and for this reason, we will devote an entire chapter to it. The CPVC represents an important transition point for a paint as it changes from a solid film to a porous one. The CPVC value is not constant across all paints, and important determinants of the CPVC for any given formula include the particle size and size distribution of nonfilm-forming particles (particularly extender particles), the size of the latex particles, and the presence of highly porous materials (either as separate extender particles or as coatings attached to the TiO2 pigment particles). These shifts in CPVC are the direct result of changes in the way that the nonfilm-forming particles pack in the paint film.
Species-specific lens activation of the thymidine kinase promoter by a single copy of the mouse alpha A-CRYBP1 site and loss of tissue specificity by multimerization.

Abstract One copy of the mouse alpha A-crystallin gene alpha A-CRYBP1 site activated the thymidine kinase (tk) promoter in a mouse lens epithelial cell line but not in primary chicken lens cells; multiple copies further activated the tk promoter and extended expression to fibroblasts, B cells, and chicken lens cultures. The loss of lens specificity by multimerization may place selective constraints on the number of alpha A-CRYBP1 sites in the alpha A-crystallin promoter.
Determining Cotton Fiber Maturity by Image Analysis: Part I: Direct Measurement of Cotton Fiber Characteristics

Image analysis presents a quick, reliable, unbiased technique for determining cotton fiber maturity. This research entails developing sampling techniques for cotton fiber cross sections and creatin...
Complexes of hexamethylphosphoramide with mercury(II) salts

Abstract The isolation and characterization of the complexes of hexamethylphosphoramide and HgCl 2 , HgBr 2 , Hg(CN) 2 and Hg(CF 3 COO) 2 , is described. The compounds are weak and they are partially dissociated in solution. 1 H and 31 P NMR studies seem to show the existence of a fast exchange among the several types of ligands present in these systems. IR studies indicate that the coordination of mercury to HMPA is occurring at the phosphoryl group, as is usual for other complexes and products of the ligand.
A law of small numbers for a mutation process.

Abstract A system of particles will consist of 2 n particles at time n , n =0,1,2,…; each of the particles is either blue or white. At time 0 the particle is white. In the time interval (0,1) this particle mutates to blue with probability p . At time 1 the particle splits into two particles of the same color. At any time n ⩾1 the 2 n particles act independently of each other and of their ancestral histories; during the time interval ( n , n +1) each white particle mutates to blue with probability p , and each blue particle mutates to white with probability α. The problem is to find the distribution of the number, X n , of blue particles at time n −0 when n is large and p = p n and α=α n are small.
SURVIVORSHIP ANALYSIS OF CEMENTED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY ACETABULAR COMPONENTS IMPLANTED WITH SECOND-GENERATION TECHNIQUES

Abstract The clinical and radiographic results of primary cemented total hip arthroplasty performed by a single surgeon, with particular emphasis on the performance of acetabular components implanted with so-called second-generation cement techniques, were studied. Seventy hips with 48 metal-backed and 22 polyethylene acetabular components were followed for a mean of 9 years (range, 5–11.5 years). The clinical results were evaluated using a recognized hip score. The fixation status of the cemented acetabular component was evaluated using two methods of measuring radiolucent lines at 5 years and at the last evaluation. Acetabular component loosening was defined as a circumferential radiolucent line, component migration, or revision for loosening. This study was unable to confirm the findings of others that demonstrated higher failure rates with cemented metal-backed components when compared with all-polyethylene components. The survival of cemented acetabular components with 28-mm head femoral prostheses was worse than the survival of cemented acetabular components with 22-mm femoral heads in other published reports, despite advances in cement techniques. Because of the high rate of loosening of cemented 28-mm-inner-diameter acetabular components at 5 and 10 years, the authors no longer use these cemented components for acetabular reconstruction.
Continuous monitoring of fermentation outlet gas using a computer coupled MS

Using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), we continuously monitored N2, O2, CO2, and ethanol in the outlet gas of a batch fermentor. A computer was used to control the QMS, perform correction calculations and account for interferences between some ion peaks. The ability to continously scan multiple peaks and to use N2 as an internal standard provided rapid and accurate monitoring of fermentation performance. Over the range of interest, a linear response was obtained for all the compounds measured by the QMS.
Self-aligned hemispherical formation of microlenses from colloidal droplets on heterogeneous surfaces

This paper proposes a drop-on-demand (DOD) theory and scheme for constructing hemispherical refractive microlenses onto underlying heterogeneous (laterally structured) surfaces that consist of hydrophilic s-domains and hydrophobic p-domains. In theory, the drops would self-align themselves into the s-domains by repelling the p-domains due to surface tension, precisely determining the placement though disobeying the Young–Laplace equation. Using a droplet generator (inkjet printhead), in our experiments, evaporative polyurethane (PU) drops well fitted their footprints (base radii) onto the s-domains with a radius of 100 µm surrounded by the p-domains of Teflon, where the photoresist AZ4620 was used for lifting off the corresponding domains of Teflon. As a result, plano-convex shapes with spherical curvatures were fabricated in an array (spacing L ~ 100 µm) with base (footprint) radius (Rb) ~ 95 µm and curvature radius (Rc) ~ 122 µm. Thus, both the theoretical and experimental results agreed well in a hemispherical shape (deviation Rs + L/2 = 150 µm, in excess of volume), indicates that more complex shapes than spherical ones (such as dumbbell and cross-like) can also be constructed by bridging the drops. Compared to those previous methods using photolithographic techniques, the present method is potentially appropriate for the varying radius and complex placement of array patterns.
Sociological Stratification: Change and Continuity in the Distribution of Departmental Prestige, 1965–2007

Previous research has found that there is a good deal of stability in departmental prestige, but has not considered its long-term dynamics. This paper investigates a hypothesis implied by some accounts in the sociology of science and organizational theory: that there will be a permanent component of prestige associated with the department or university. The data are the ratings of graduate departments of sociology between 1965 and 2007 using a measure of prestige constructed from hiring patterns. There is no evidence of a permanent component for individual departments, but there is evidence of a permanent difference between departments in “elite” universities and those in other universities. Despite change in rankings within each group, the difference between the groups remained constant over the period. That is, there appear to be enduring barriers that limit the mobility of individual departments.
Estimating the clearance of amylobarbitone from a single plasma measurement.

Abstract Amylobarbitone sodium (200 mg) was given by intravenous injection to nine healthy, young adults (four males). Subjects were drug-free and nonsmokers. Serial blood samples were drawn for 48 h following the infusion, and multiple sample and single sample estimates of clearance were calculated. The mean (+/- s.d.) values for clearance (CL) and apparent volume of distribution (V) were 0.032 (+/- 0.007) 1 h-1 kg-1 and 1.08 (+/- 0.16) 1 kg-1, respectively. The mean (+/- s.d.) single sample estimate of clearance, CL, based on just the 48 h plasma concentrations of amylobarbitone was 0.033 (+/- 0.006) 1 h-1 kg-1. The 48 h single sample CL value was shown to reliably reflect the value of CL with little bias and good precision. Values of the 48 h CL when compared to CL exhibited a mean prediction error (mpe) of 1.2% with 95% confidence limits of -6.3% to 9.4%, and a root mean squared error (rmse) of 9.4%. It is concluded that amylobarbitone's clearance can be estimated in a single dose, single sample protocol permitting its use as a single dose, single sample probe for studying host factor influences on drug metabolism.
Expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2 following permanent focal ischemia and the role of nitric oxide in infarct generation in male, female and NOS-2 gene-deficient mice.

Considerable evidence implicates nitric oxide (NO) in the pathological events following cerebral ischemia and, depending on the enzyme/cell source, NO is considered to be either damaging or protective. As a role for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2 in permanent focal ischemia is not clear, we examined its expression following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. At 24 h after occlusion, NOS-2 was expressed in cells infiltrating the infarct, while at later times, there was also expression in astrocytes around the infarct. To reveal a role for NO derived from this source, we compared infarct size in male and female mice with littermates in which the NOS-2 gene was disrupted. No differences were found between gender and genotype at 24 h. At 72 h, the infarct was increased in male mice, but not in females or in either gender with the gene disruption. These results suggest that NOS-2 plays a role in the later development of the infarct in male mice. Female mice are protected either against the damaging effects of NO, or because NOS-2 expression/activity is modulated by steroids.
From Chicago to Santiago: Neoliberalism and Social Security Privatization in Chile

This article examines the ideology and principles that inspired the privatization of social security in Chile during the Pinochet regime. The article highlights the role of the state in the establishment of a fully funded, defined contribution system, as well as the importance of the transmission of ideas from the halls of the University of Chicago to Chile's centers of power. In the case of Chile, the ideas of freedom espoused by Milton Friedman and Frederick von Hayek were applied by a repressive authoritarian regime that violated human and political rights. Furthermore, these ideas served to legitimize a political and economic system based on the deprivation of freedom. Although social security reform was a critical component of a revolution going on in Chile in the 1970s, the ultimate purpose of this article is to show that the effects of this reform are by no means limited to Chile. The Chilean reform has been adopted by countries in Latin America and other parts of the world, and it has critically affected those societies as well. The article shows that the establishment of the fully funded, defined contribution system has been very costly, both for the state and the insured, while coverage has dramatically declined. The article concludes that the market economic reforms have enhanced only the freedom of those who could take advantage of the new economy, and that few of the promises made during the Pinochet regime by the neoliberal economists came true.
Temporally intensive study of trace metals in sediments and bivalves from a large river-estuarine system: Suisun Bay/delta in San Francisco Bay

Distributions in time and space of Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in fine-grained sediments and in the filter-feeding bivalve Corbicula sp. of Suisun Bay/delta at the mouth of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers in North San Francisco Bay. Samples were collected from seven stations at near-monthly intervals for 3 years. Aggregated data showed little chronic contamination with Ag, Zn and Pb in the river and estuary. Substantial chronic contamination with Cd, Cu and Cr in Suisun Bay/delta occurred, especially in Corbicula, compared with the lower San Joaquin River. Salinity appeared to have secondary effects, if any, on metal concentrations in sediments and metal bioavailability to bivalves. Space/time distributions of Cr were controlled by releases from a local industry. Analyses of time series suggested substantial inputs of Cu might originate from the Sacramento River during high inflows to the Bay, and Cd contamination had both riverine and local sources. Concentrations of metals in sediments correlated with concentrations in Corbicula only in annually or 3-year aggregated data. Condition index for Corbicula was reduced where metal contamination was most severe. The biological availability of Cu and Cd to benthos was greater in Suisun Bay than in many other estuaries. Thus small inputs into this system could have greater impacts than might occur elsewhere; and organisms were generally more sensitive indicators of enrichment than sediments in this system.
Geometric acoustic attenuation at gigacycle frequencies in single crystals of quartz

Successive acoustic echo amplitudes have been calculated from a model for microwave frequency acoustic propagation based on ray optics that ignores any intrinsic attenuation. The computed echoes resemble experimental acoustic decay patterns generated by microwave pulses in single crystals of piezoelectric materials. The attenuation has been found to be due to off-axis propagation of the acoustic energy in the crystal and to acoustic phase averaging by the microwave transducers used to couple energy in and out of the crystal. Calculated acoustic echo patterns show the changes caused by various crystal orientations and different crystal endface parallelisms at several frequencies. It is found that the number of echoes and the amplitude of the last few echoes are frequency independent and are determined by the crystal geometry alone. On the other hand, the character of all but the last few echoes is dominated by phase averaging effects over the crystal end wall and is strongly frequency-dependent. Experimental data is presented showing the changes in the nulls and maximums of the echo patterns with frequency and the changes in acoustic patterns produced by altering the endface parallelism by flexing the crystal. Measured acoustic echo patterns of flexed and unflexed crystals are discussed. It is shown that flexing has increased the number of observable echoes by factors from 4 to 10 for various samples, has improved the average intensity of comparable echoes by amounts varying from 4 to 14 db, and has reduced the apparent acoustic attenuation from an unflexed value of 1.86×10-1db/cm to 1.63×10-2db/cm for a particular sample.
Rapid Scan Views of Convectively Generated Mesovortices in Sheared Tropical Cyclone Gustav (2002)

Abstract On 9–10 September 2002, multiple mesovortices were captured in great detail by rapid scan visible satellite imagery in subtropical, then later, Tropical Storm Gustav. These mesovortices were observed as low-level cloud swirls while the low-level structure of the storm was exposed due to vertical shearing. They are shown to form most plausibly via vortex tube stretching associated with deep convection; they become decoupled from the convective towers by vertical shear; they are advected with the low-level circulation; finally they initiate new hot towers on their boundaries. Partial evidence of an axisymmetrizing mesovortex and its hypothesized role in the parent vortex spinup is presented. Observations from the mesoscale and synoptic scale are synthesized to provide a multiscale perspective of the intensification of Gustav that occurred on 10 September. The most important large-scale factors were the concurrent relaxation of the 850–200-hPa-deep layer vertical wind shear from 10–15 to 5–10 m s−1 ...
Study of artificial neural network based short term load forecasting

With more and more renewable energy integrated into the power grid and demand response in smart grid environment, electric load forecasting becomes more important. Accurate load forecasting facilitates better renewable energy integration and electricity market operation. Over the years, different load forecasting methods have been developed and applied. Multiple linear regression and artificial neural network based methods are well accepted by industries. This paper focuses on ANN-based method and provides detailed steps of load forecasting including data processing and neural network design.
Wild torsion modules over Weyl algebras and general torsion modules over HNPs

Let A 1 be the first Weyl algebra over a field F of characteristic zero. We show that the category of A 1 -modules of finite length is wild, despite the fact that every A 1 -module of finite length is cyclic. In fact, the category of A 1 -modules (not necessarily finitely generated) of socle-height 2 is wild in a very strong sense. Among the applications, we show: (i) Essentially any F -algebra can occur as the endomorphism algebra of an A 1 -module of socle-height 2; (ii) A 1 has very large indecomposable modules of finite length; (iii) There is an HNP (hereditary Noetherian prime ring) that has indecomposable modules of finite length requiring arbitrary many generators. We also complete the basic theory of finitely generated modules over general HNPs, by showing that every such module is a direct sum of right ideals and homomorphic images of right ideals, and by proving a simultaneous decomposition theorem for an arbitrary projective module and submodule.
Chapter 13; Grandparent Caregivers

SUMMARY Although grandparent caregiving is not a new phenomenon in the United States, there has been a dramatic increase in grandparent-headed households in the last two decades. Many of these care providers are older and feel somewhat unprepared to raise a new generation of children. As a result, grandparent caregivers are at risk for multiple physical, mental, and emotional problems due to the stresses and strains of care provision. This article summarizes characteristics of grandparent caregivers in our society, the challenges that they face, and how organizations are attempting to assist these older adults with their care provision responsibilities. Recommendations for future research and intervention design will also be discussed.
Statistical Theory of Equations of State and Phase Transitions. II. Lattice Gas and Ising Model

The problems of an Ising model in a magnetic field and a lattice gas are proved mathematically equivalent. From this equivalence an example of a two-dimensional lattice gas is given for which the phase transition regions in the $p\ensuremath{-}v$ diagram is exactly calculated.A theorem is proved which states that under a class of general conditions the roots of the grand partition function always lie on a circle. Consequences of this theorem and its relation with practical approximation methods are discussed. All the known exact results about the two-dimensional square Ising lattice are summarized, and some new results are quoted.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on microregional O2 balance during reperfusion after focal cerebral ischemia.

Background This study was performed to determine whether there is an association between microregional O2 balance and neuronal survival in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion using dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist and a sedative. Methods Rats were subjected to 1 hour middle cerebral artery occlusion and a 2-hour reperfusion. During reperfusion, normal saline (n = 14) or dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg/minute (n = 14) was infused intravenously. At 2 hours of reperfusion, regional cerebral blood flow using 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography, microregional arterial and venous (20-60 μm in diameter) O2 saturation (SvO2) using cryomicrospectrophotometry, and the size of cortical infarction were determined. Results Ischemia–reperfusion decreased microregional SvO2 (52.9 ± 3.7% vs. 61.1 ± .6%, P Conclusions In the cerebral ischemic reperfused cortex, dexmedetomidine decreased the heterogeneity of SvO2 and the number of small veins with low O2 saturation suggesting improved microregional O2 supply/consumption balance. The improvement was accompanied by the reduced size of cortical infarction.
Three-dimensional imaging of a deep marine channel-levee/overbank sandstone behind outcrop with EMI and GPR

Deepwater channel-levee/overbank sandstones are important sources of oil and gas, but their internal stratigraphy is complex and not well understood. One means to better characterize this complex stratigraphy is through the study of outcrops, such as the Dad Sandstone member of the Lewis shale (Figure 1) in Carbon County, Wyoming, U.S. (Pyles and Slatt, 2000). Figure 1. (top) The outcrop of the Dad Sandstone member of the Lewis Shale. A series of channel-fill sandstones dip toward the lower right (west). The lowermost sandstone is the subject of this study. This sandstone trends along the outcrop face toward the lower right, but is juxtaposed against shale toward the west, at the same stratigraphic level. The GPR line on the lower left of the figure (modified from Young et al., 2003) shows the base of the channel-fill sandstone (red line) where it intersects the ground surface. Northwest of the base of the sandstone, at equivalent radar times, the lithology is shale. The lower right figure shows the EMI volume in plan view, with sandstone in yellow and shale in gray; note the bend in the sandstone at the location where the channel base intersects the ground surface. Channel-levee/overbank systems are a result of multiple sediment gravity flows. The channel itself is formed from aggradation of levees over long periods of time. As sediment flows within the channel, fine particles are expelled over the channel edges, thus forming the levees. Coarser particles not deposited on the levee are transported beyond the channel to form frontal splays or lobes. Sediment may slump off the levee walls onto the channel floor during this time interval. Channels are later backfilled with sand and/or mud as transport energy diminishes, probably during an early rise in sea level. The materials that fill the channel can be configured in different arrangements …
Identifying toxicity risk early after antidepressant overdose

Despite the risk of life-threatening toxicities, care of most patients after antidepressant overdose (ADO) does not require the use of critical care resources. The use of emergency department (ED) clinical findings to identify ADO patients who subsequently manifested toxicity was evaluated prospectively. ADO risk assessment (ADORA) criteria included development of QRS interval > 0.10 seconds, arrhythmias, altered mental status, seizures, respiratory depression, or hypotension. Sixty-seven ADO patients were identified on presentation to a single ED and classified as low risk (LR, absence of criteria) or high risk (HR, presence of one or more criteria) based on development of criteria within 6 hours of ingestion (or ED presentation if ingestion time was not established). This system demonstrated 100% sensitivity in identifying study patients who developed significant toxicity problems. None of the 28 LR patients and 13 of 39 HR patients had subsequent complications (P < .01). No single clinical finding permitted risk classification. ADORA should identify patients who do not require further monitoring or other aggressive medical management for ADO.
Evidence for two modes of cooperative DNA binding in vivo that do not involve direct protein–protein interactions

Abstract Background: The promoter regions of most eukaryotic genes contain binding sites for more than one transcriptional activator and these activators often bind cooperatively to promoters. The most common type of cooperativity is supported by direct protein–protein interactions. Recent studies have shown that proteins that do not specifically interact with one another can bind cooperatively to chromatin in vitro . probably by the localized destabilization of nucleosome structure by one factor, facilitating binding of another to a nearby site. This mechanism does not require that the transcription factors have activation domains. We have examined whether this phenomenon occurs in vivo . Results: Unrelated non-interacting proteins can bind DNA cooperatively in yeast cells; this cooperative binding can contribute significantly to transcriptional activation, does not require that both factors have activation domains and is only operative over relatively short distances. In addition to this ‘short-range' mechanism, unrelated non-interacting proteins can bind cooperatively to sites separated by hundreds of base pairs, so long as both have potent activation domains. Conclusion: Cooperative binding of transcription factors in vivo can occur by several mechanisms, some of which do not require direct protein–protein interactions and which cannot be detected in vitro using naked DNA templates. These findings must be taken into account when evaluating mechanisms for synergistic transcriptional activation.
Diagnosis and management of lipoprotein abnormalities.

Abnormal lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol values have been defined as a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C) value of 160 mg/dL (4.1 mmol/L) or greater, a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) C value less than 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L), triglycerides (TG) 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) or greater, and a lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) of 30 mg/dl or greater. Such values all increase coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines continue to focus on optimizing LDL-C values (established as 1000 mg/dL or 11.0 mmol/L) is associated with pancreatitis, and fat restriction, control of glucose, and fibrate therapy are indicated in such patients. Niacin is currently the most effective agent for lowering Lp(a) and raising HDL-C. Current recommendations for treatment by diet and drugs are outlined.
Application software maintenance: can it be controlled?

Numerous studies have found that subsequent application software maintenance requires a significant amount of a data processing department's resources. Some of the major research in this area [1, 2, 3, 4] revealed the following:• in 1972, 30.1 percent of total programmer effort was devoted to maintenance• in 1978 twenty percent of the systems studied had allocated eighty-five percent of their annual analyst and programming hours to maintenance.• in 1979 as high as seventy-five percent of systems and data processing recourses were spent on application maintenance• a study determined that half of a data processing department's staff time was devoted to maintenance
A Color Reaction of Ascorbic Acid with Derivatives of Pyridine, Piperidine, Quinoline, and Iso-Quinoline.

SummaryAscorbic acid reacts with formation of yellow color with nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and a number of other derivatives of pyridine. In general, a radical other than the methyl group attached to the alpha-carbon atom interferes with the reaction. Similar conditions were observed in the case of the piperidines, quinolines, and iso-quinolines that were investigated. The effect on the reaction of radicals attached to the nitrogen atom and the influence of neutralization of a carboxyl group in the alpha position are discussed.
Barite–Celestine Geochemistry and Environments of Formation

Minerals in the barite (BaSO4)–celestine (SrSO4) solid solution series, (Ba,Sr)SO4, occur in a remarkably diverse range of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous geological environments which span geological time from the Early Archean (~3.5 Ga) to the present. The purpose of this chapter is to review: (1) the controls on the chemical and isotopic composition of barite and celestine and (2) the geological environments in which these minerals form. Some health risks are associated with barite, and these are discussed near the end of this chapter. Although complete solid solution exists between BaSO4 and SrSO4 most representatives of the series are either distinctly Ba-rich or Sr-rich. Hence, it is convenient to use the term barite to refer to not only the stochiometric BaSO4 endmember but also to those (Ba,Sr)SO4 solid solutions dominated by Ba. Similarly, the term celestine will refer here not only to the stoichiometric SrSO4 endmember but to solid solutions dominated by Sr. Such usage is in accord with standard mineral nomenclature. The Committee on Mineral Names and Nomenclature of the International Mineralogical Association recognizes “celestine” as the official name for SrSO4. However, the name “celestite” is still commonly used in the literature. ### Geological significance of barite and celestine Most of the barite which exists in the Earth’s crust has formed through the mixing of fluids, one containing Ba leached from silicate minerals, and the other an oxidized shallow fluid, such as seawater, which contains sulfate. Large deposits of barite represent areas of focused fluid flow and mineral precipitation and thus aid in the reconstruction of the hydrogeologic history of the Earth’s crust. The stability of barite is redox sensitive, and the presence or absence of this mineral helps to constrain interpretation of paleoredox conditions. Pelagic barite, the precipitation of which is biologically mediated, may …
Studies on metal carboxylates. VI. mixed ligand complexes of copper(II) containing pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid in its monoanionic and dianionic forms

Abstract Starting from the copper(II) complex of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (abbreviated dipicH 2 ) Cu dipic)·2H 2 O, a series of mixed ligand complexes of the type Cu(dipic)(L)·xH 2 O (x = 2 for L = 2,2′2,2″-terpyridyl or 2,2′-bipyridyl and x = 0 for L = pyridine or α-picoline) have been isolated. The mixed 2,2′2″-terpyridyl-acetate complexes Cu(terpy)(acetate) X·H 2 O (X = ClO 4 − or PF 6 − ) have also been prepared and were found to react with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid to afford Cu(dipicH)(terpy)ClO 4 ·H 2 O and Cu(dipicH)(terpy)PF 6 . The latter derivatives contain this acid molecule in its monoanionic form. The spectral and magnetic properties of the above complexes have been studied and the results are discussed. Where possible comparisons are made with the related silver(II) complexes of these types.
Assessing outcomes and perceived benefits of a professional development seminar series.

Objective. To evaluate the outcomes of alumni who were enrolled in a professional development seminar series during their doctor of pharmacy program. Design. A weekly development seminar series was administered over 5 semesters with the goal of bringing academic advisees together to help develop performance-based abilities, prepare them for entry into the profession after graduation, and provide exposure to different career opportunities. Assessment. A survey instrument containing 39 Likert-type scale items, 2 open-ended questions, and a 10-item demographic survey was created and content-validated to assess the effect of the seminar series on alumni advisees’ perceived outcomes and professional development since their graduation. The survey was electronically forwarded to advisees from the graduating classes of 2005 to 2012, and response data was collected with Qualtrics, a web-based survey service. A total of 36 percent of alumni responded to the survey. Respondents cited exposure to career alternatives and opportunities, development of presentation and communication skills, networking, and the importance of advisor/mentor relationships as benefits of the seminar series. Conclusion. The professional development seminar series has demonstrated a positive impact on alumni advisees’ career development and professional outcomes, most notably relating to career path exposure, communication skills, and advisor/mentor relationships.
Genius, Lunatics, and Poets: Mental Illness in Prize-Winning Authors:

The links between mental illness and the creative arts, especially creative writing, are well-established, if controversial. Several studies have found more mental illness in creative writers than in control groups; few studies, however, have investigated the truly eminent, genius-level writers. To address the question of how genius-level writers compare to merely accomplished writers, two historiometric studies examined writers who won the Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize. Study One examined 986 20th century writers, while Study Two 889 American writers from the 17th century to the present day. In both studies, both types of prize-winners were more likely to suffer from mental illness than non-winners. In addition, Nobel Prize winners were more likely to suffer from alcoholism (Study One) and experience a personal tragedy (Study Two). Implications and theoretical possibilities are discussed.
Information micro-practices in Texas rural courts: methods and issues for E-Government

Abstract This paper reports on an empirical study of the information behavior of governmental actors in rural Texas courts. The study used multiple data collection and data analysis methods to produce a rich, thick description of the participants’ behavior which is contextualized and used to identify important challenges to e-government. The paper argues that moving beyond the silo-based approach to reporting and information technology implementation that characterizes the current policy environment can be done only with a strong and detailed understanding of governmental actors’ job responsibilities and their information and communication patterns. Doing so is important to achieving the vision of e-government.
Effect of preinjected helium on the response of V-20Ti pressurized tubes to neutron irradiation

Abstract Vanadium-20% titanium tubes, pressurized to stresses of 34 and 39 MPa, were irradiated in the Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR-II) at 700°C to a fluence of 3.9 × 10 26 n/m 2 , corresponding to a displacement damage level of 22 dpa. Sections of the tubes were injected with 15 appm He prior to irradiation to determine the effect of helium on the microstructural and creep response of this alloy to irradiation. It was found that helium promoted cavity formation, primarily within existing precipitates, but total swelling remained low. Under some conditions, an apparent enhanced creep deformation due to the presence of helium was found. The results suggest that the increase in creep deformation in the presence of helium may be very sensitive to stress.
Implications of the Pre/Post/Then Design for Evaluating Social Group Work

Pre/post designs that rely on self-report measures are potentially contaminated by response shift bias, a change in respondents' understanding of the phenomena being measured between the pre- and posttests. Retrospective pretests, or then tests, have been shown to be useful in identifying response shifts. Pre/post/then designs are highly utilitarian designs that have the potential of providing more accurate assessments of respondent change. This article reviews the literature on response shift bias and the utility of retrospective pretests m detecting such bias. Three studies that used the pre/post/then design to evaluate self-reported changes in caseworker abilities (knowledge or skill) relative to practice evaluation, basic interviewing skills, and/or assessment are described.
Next Generation Cataloging

During the past several years the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) noted increasing concern from the library community regarding the future of cataloging. In response to this concern and to the rapidly changing metadata environment, OCLC is taking steps to further a paradigm shift toward early acquisition of metadata in WorldCat directly from the entities responsible for content purchased by libraries—chiefly the publisher supply chain. This shift in thinking requires the acknowledgement that metadata is dynamic and will change over time and relies upon the automated capture of metadata early in the publishing cycle as well as automated processes to help make the early metadata “good enough.”
Collisional-radiative nonequilibrium in partially ionized atomic nitrogen

A nonlinear collisional-radiative model for determination of nonequilibrium production of electrons, excited atoms, and bound-bound, dielectronic and continuum line intensities in stationary partially ionized atomic nitrogen is presented. Populations of 14 atomic levels and line intensities are calculated in plasma with T(e) = 8000-15,000 K and N(t) = 10 to the 12th - 10 to the 18th/cu cm. Transport of radiation is included by coupling the rate equations of production of the electrons and excited atoms with the radiation escape factors, which are not constant but depend on plasma conditions.
Nontraditional therapies to treat Helicobacter pylori infection

The Gram-negative pathogen Helicobacter pylori is increasingly more resistant to the three major antibiotics (metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin) that are most commonly used to treat infection. As a result, there is an increased rate of treatment failure; this translates into an overall higher cost of treatment due to the need for increased length of treatment and/or the requirement for combination or sequential therapy. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, the complicated treatment regime, and issues related to patient compliance that stem from the duration and complexity of treatment, there is clearly a pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat H. pylori infection. As such, researchers are actively investigating the utility of antimicrobial peptides, small molecule inhibitors and naturopathic therapies. Herein we review and discuss each of these novel approaches as a means to target this important gastric pathogen.
TU-A-301-10: Pitfalls of Short Term Computed Radiography Mammography Quality Assurance

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of our CRmammography QA program within the recommendations of the manufacturers' required testing.Methods: The Contrast Noise Ratio (CNR) and S value of each of three mammography units from different manufactures attached to a single CR reader is collected weekly by the technologist. The tests are performed according to the Fuji CR for MammographyQuality Control Manual 3rd edition. Although the CNR test is a required weekly test, S value is not. S value numbers were collected from the required weekly mammographic phantom test. Results over a period of two years were collected establish the trend of the imaging system. Results: Even though all of the CNR values are within the manufacturer's limits, when the data over two years is analyzed a definite downward trend is obvious. When viewed on a monthly basis, the downward CNR trend is unnoticeable. At one point, one of the units underwent a mAs adjustment (raising it to be consistent with the other units), which was noticeable in the S value data, but did not affect the downward trend of the CNR Conclusions: Our measurements show that short term fluctuations in the CNR are too small to be noticed or to affect image quality, or to exceed the manufacturer's suggested action limits. If the data were not compared over the whole collection period, this gradual decline in the CNR from the units would have gone unnoticed. We suggest that CNR measurements at 3 month intervals will be sufficient to detect any gradual deterioration in image quality before it has a significant impact. We do not agree with the CR manufacturer recommendation that a new baseline be established after major service or replacement events of the mammographic units, since re‐establishing a baseline masks any long term drift in image quality.
Hot phonon effects in ZnSe

Femtosecond pump-probe differential reflectivity spectroscopy is used to investigate the ultrafast cooling dynamics of hot photoexcited carriers in a high-quality ZnSe epilayer grown on GaAs. Comparison with a theoretical model based on a balance equation approach indicates that the observed reduction in the electron cooling rate with increasing carrier density (for carrier densities greater than ∼3×1017cm−3) is due to both screening of the Frohlich interaction and a non-equilibrium hot longitudinal optic-phonon population generated by the cooling electron distribution.
Mammalian α-l-fucosidases

Mammalian alpha-L-fucosidases are a ubiquitous group of relatively large multimeric lysosomal glycosidases involved in the degradation of a diverse group of naturally-occurring fucoglycoconjugates. These enzymes are closely related structurally as indicated by immunochemical cross-reactivity and cloning studies. Mammalian fucosidases are sialoglycoproteins and the carbohydrate, particularly sialic acid, contributes to producing multiple isoforms which can differ in various species as well as in different tissues within a given species. alpha-L-Fucosidases exhibit maximal activity at pH values between 4 and 7, have similar kinetic properties with synthetic substrates (PNP-fucoside and 4-MU-fucoside), and exhibit broad substrate specificity on natural substrates. Numerous linkages (alpha 1-2, alpha 1-3, alpha 1-4, alpha 1-6), primarily to galactose and N-acetylglucosamine, can be hydrolyzed but preference is often seen for small mol. wt water-soluble substrates with fucose in alpha 1-2 linkage to galactose. The importance of alpha-L-fucosidase in mammalian metabolism is evidenced by deficiency or absence of its enzymatic activity leading to a fatal genetic disease, at least in humans and English Springer Spaniels.
Efferent arteriole tubuloglomerular feedback in the renal nephron.

Efferent arteriole tubuloglomerular feedback in the renal nephron. Background Afferent and efferent arteriole resistance exerts critical and opposite actions in the regulation of glomerular capillary pressure (P GC ) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) plays an important role in the regulation of afferent arteriole resistance; however, the role of TGF in the regulation of efferent arteriole resistance is less well established. We hypothesized that TGF caused by increased NaCl in the tubular fluid stimulates the macula densa to initiate a cascade of events resulting in efferent arteriole vasodilation, mediated by adenosine via its A 2 receptor. Methods Rabbit efferent arterioles and adherent tubular segments with macula densa were simultaneously microperfused in vitro while changing NaCl concentration at the macula densa. To study whether autacoids produced by the glomerulus participate in the effect of TGF on efferent arterioles, they were perfused orthograde or retrograde. To eliminate the hemodynamic influence of the afferent arteriole during orthograde perfusion, the perfusion pipette was advanced to the distal end of the afferent arteriole, and the tip of the pressure pipette was placed beyond the afferent arteriole; for retrograde perfusion, the efferent arteriole was perfused from its distal end. Results In efferent arterioles perfused orthograde and preconstricted with norepinephrine (NE), increasing NaCl concentration at the macula densa increased the diameter by 33%. In preconstricted efferent arterioles perfused retrograde, increasing NaCl at the macula densa increased the diameter by 33%. Efferent arteriole vasodilation was completely blocked by a selective adenosine A 2 receptor antagonist (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine) but not by an adenosine A 1 receptor antagonist (FK838). Conclusions Our data show that in vitro, preconstricted efferent arterioles dilate in response to increased macula densa NaCl, and this process is mediated by activation of adenosine A 2 receptors. Thus, TGF changes efferent arteriole resistance in the opposite direction from the afferent arteriole, possibly amplifying TGF regulation of P GC and GFR. In vivo efferent arteriole TGF may only buffer the signals that cause efferent arteriole resistance to parallel changes in afferent arteriole resistance. Effects of TGF on efferent arterioles perfused orthograde or retrograde were similar, suggesting that glomerular autacoids do not participate in this process.
TEMPORAL DIOECISM: AN ALTERNATIVE TO DIOECISM?

The maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations is usually considered to be important in maintaining ecological plasticity and evolutionary success. In most plants, including autogamous ones, there are adaptations that facilitate outcrossing (Cruden, 1977). Outcrossing is obligatory or virtually so in self-incompatible and dioecious species, but self-compatible xenogamous species, especially those with many flowers open at a time, are liable to varying degrees of selfing through geitonogamy (cross pollinations between flowers of the same plant). Selfing in xenogamous plants may result in inbreeding depression (Antonovics, 1968; Darwin, 1895; Watts, 1965). In xenogamous, selfcompatible plants, therefore, any adaptation that decreased selfing should help maximize fitness. Below we describe a breeding system, which we call temporal dioecism, that permits little geitonogamy regardless of the number of open flowers, even in self-compatible, protogynous species. Temporal dioecism is, in essence, a flowering sequence which is synchronized so there is little or no overlap between staminate and pistillate phases of an individual plant. Umbelliferae offer good examples of this system. Our observations on protandrous species of Ammi, Angelica, Cicuta, Eryngiumn, Heracleum, Pastinaca, and Sium, and protogynous Donnellsmithia, Thaspium and Zizia are consistent with Ponomarev's (1960) description of flowering in Libanotis intermedia Rupr. and seven other species. Regardless of the number of umbels, overlap between the staminate and pistillate phases, either within or between umbels (Table 1), is minimal. In protandrous species, in each umbel, the flowers open and the anthers dehisce centripetally over a period of several days. After the last anther has dehisced, and only then, all the stigmas become receptive. Synchrony of flowering within a plant is well illustrated by Pastinaca sativa L. The primary umbels (terminal umbels of Bell, 1971) are staminate for approximately 6 days, then pistillate for one and one-half to two days before the first flowers of each secondary umbel open. The latter are staminate for approximately seven days and are then pistillate for two days before the tertiary umbels become staminate. The ultimate expression of temporal dioecism occurs in Peucedanum lubimenkoanum Kot. in which all the umbels, both primary and secondary, pass through the staminate phase together, then become pistillate (Ponomarev, 1960). The difference between the lengths of the staminate and pistillate phases in protandrous Umbelliferae results in a disproportionate number of "staminate" plants in a population at any given time. In the species studied extensively over many days (Table 1), the ratio is approximately four "staminate" plants to each "pistillate" plant. Such biased ratios are not observed in all temporally dioecious species (Table 2). Geitonogamous pollinations may occur in unusual situations, for example when 1) branches or stems of a plant are not in synchrony (Ponomarev, 1960); 2) polli-