cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of immunity to the protozoan parasite Eimeria adenoeides in turkey poults and the peripheral blood leukocyte response to a primary infection

ABSTRACT A primary infection of 12.5 × 103 oocysts of Eimeria adenoeides, given to 20-d-old turkey poults, resulted in depression of weight gain, and the production of large numbers of oocysts in the feces, compared with uninfected controls. Poults were raised under conditions to prevent possible reinfection to determine the ability of the primary infection to confer protective immunity against a challenge infection of 5 × 104 oocysts given at 34 d of age. Using weight gain and oocyst production after challenge as criteria for protection, the results indicated that immunity had developed. The concentration and proportions among white blood cell (WBC) populations in peripheral blood were determined at different times after the primary infection. The WBC concentration of infected poults was elevated on d 7 and 11, primarily due to elevated levels of lymphocytes and monocytes on d 7 and eosinophils on d 11. There were no differences in heterophil and basophil concentrations between infected and uninfected poults at any of the time points examined. With the exception of increased percentages of eosinophils on d 11, infection was not associated with alterations in the proportions among WBC populations. Comparison of CD4+ and CD8+ defined lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood of infected versus uninfected poults revealed higher concentrations of CD4+ lymphocytes on d 11, lower concentrations of CD8+ cells on d 4, and higher concentrations of CD8+ cells on d 11 of infection, as well as elevated ratios of CD4+:CD8+ lymphocytes in infected birds on d 4 and 11. These alterations in WBC profiles after primary E. adenoeides infection in turkey poults suggest initiation of both innate and adaptive cellular immune activities designed to effectively cope with a parasitic, intracellular pathogen.
Frequency and Correlates of Campus Crime: Missouri Public Postsecondary Institutions.

Data from 34 public postsecondary institutions in Missouri showed liquor- and drug-related offenses and burglary as the most frequent campus crimes. Four-year institutions, institutions with a greater number of students, full-time students, younger students, out-of-state students, and a larger percentage of program completion were positively correlated with campus crime.
Chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii downregulates miR-132 expression in multiple brain regions in a sex-dependent manner

MicroRNA-132 (miR-132) has been demonstrated to affect multiple neuronal functions and its dysregulation is linked to several neurological disorders. We previously showed that acute Toxoplasma gondii infection induces miR-132 expression both in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the impact of chronic infection on miR-132, we infected mice with T. gondii PRU strain and performed assessment 5 months later in six brain regions (cortex, hypothalamus, striatum, cerebellum, olfactory bulb and hippocampus) by qPCR. We found that while acute infection of T. gondii increases the expression of miR-132, chronic infection has the opposite effect. The effect varied amongst different regions of the brain and presented in a sex-dependent manner, with females exhibiting more susceptibility than males. MiR-132 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, an inducer of miR-132) were not co-varies in the brain areas of infected mice. T. gondii DNA/RNA was found in all tested brain regions and a selective tropism towards the hippocampus, based on bradyzoite density, was observed in both males and females. However, the expressions of miR-132 or BDNF were poorly reflected by the density of T. gondii in brain areas. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the miR-132-mediated neuronal function in mice infected with T. gondii.
A wide-angle view of anesthesiology: Emory A. Rovenstine Memorial Lecture.

Emory A. Rovenstine was a man I knew reasonably well. I often think of him for reasons additional to the attributes and contributions listed in your program. In the mid 1930's he accepted what must have been the most formidable position extant, that oforganizing a department of anesthesia in one of the largest hospitals in the world—The Bellevue Hospital. Few would be willing to tackle such a task today even after 40 years of development. The stories Rovy told of those days were beyond imagination, but any of you can share in them by talking with Perry Volpitto, who was Rovy's first instructor, and John Adriani or Stu Cullen, who were among Rovy's earliest residents. In spite of the awesome service obligations, he developed a program in the 1940's that was one of the country's outstanding residencies. I am honored to be asked to speak in his memory.
Incorporation of evidences into an intelligent computational argumentation network for a web-based collaborative engineering design system

Conflicts among the stakeholders are unavoidable in the process of collaborative engineering design. Resolution of these conflicts is a challenging task. In our previous research, a web based intelligent collaborative system was developed which provides decision-making support, using computational argumentation techniques. Enhancements were done to this system to incorporate the priorities of the stakeholders and to detect arguments that self conflict. As an effort to make this system more effective and more objective in the process of decision making, we develop a method to assess the effect of evidences in the argumentation network, using Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence and fuzzy logic. One or more evidences can support or attack an argument or another evidence. Incorporation of evidences in the argumentation network makes the decision making process more objective, as the weights assigned to the arguments can be re-assessed according to the evidences associated with them.
Software engineering education with design rationale

Software system design-especially design of large, complex, distributed systems-is inherently difficult to learn and to teach. The received view in software engineering is that truly exceptional designers evolve through practice and that much of the knowledge they employ in design is implicit or tacit in their modes of work. One problem is the lack of well-established theories and axioms for software design and the challenge of showing the relationship between those axioms that do exist and the activities evident in design practice. Another is the challenge of imparting to students an appreciation for the human, organizational, and social factors that affect the design process. We believe that some of the knowledge required for competent design may be surfaced and reified through deliberate reflection on the nature of software design questions, the options identified in response to these questions, and especially the criteria that are identified and applied to selection of a design option. This paper describes an approach that uses design questions, options, and criteria (QOC) as a vehicle for software system design education.
Colonization of Porcine Small Intestine by Escherichia coli: Colonization and Adhesion Factors of Pig Enteropathogens That Lack K88

The colonizing and adhesive attributes of enterotoxigenic acapsular and/or nonpiliated mutants from K88-negative enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were compared with their capsulated and piliated parents (parents were piliated when grown in vitro and in vivo). Acapsular, nonpiliated mutants from three different colonizing strains of enteropathogenic E. coli lost their ability to colonize the ileum of newborn pigs. Acapsular, piliated and capsular, nonpiliated mutants were derived from one of the parental strains (987), and both mutants lacked the ability to colonize the ileum of pigs. The only mutants available from a fourth strain (431) were acapsular and piliated, and they colonized as well as their parents. These data indicate that both capsule and pili are involved in colonization by strain 987. In contrast, capsule is not required for colonization by strain 431, but pili may be.
Evaluation of an Electric Fence System for excluding Wading Birds at Catfish Ponds

Abstract We evaluated a two-strand electric fence barrier to determine its utility in excluding great blue herons (Ardea herodias) and great egrets (Casmerodius albus) from ponds containing channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Fencing at five ponds resulted in at least a 91% reduction in pond use by herons and egrets. Labor to install the fences ranged from 2 to 6 person-hours per pond. Equipment costs, including US$260 for the fence energizer and battery, ranged from $309 (0.3-ha pond) to $404 (2.2-ha pond).
Head Dynamic Analysis: A Multi-view Framework

Analysis of driver's head behavior is an integral part of driver monitoring system. In particular, head pose and dynamics are strong indicators of driver's focus of attention. In this paper, we present a distributed camera framework for head pose estimation with emphasis on the ability to operate reliably and continuously. To evaluate the proposed framework, we collected a novel head pose dataset of naturalistic on-road driving in urban streets and freeways. As oppose to utilizing all the data collected during the whole ride where for large portion of the time driver is front facing, we use data during particular maneuvers typically involving large head deviation from frontal pose. While this makes the dataset challenging, it provides an opportunity to evaluate algorithms during non-frontal glances which are of special interest to driver safety. We conduct a comparative study between proposed multi-view based approach and single-view based approach. Our analyses show promising results.
Microvascular and myocardial contractile responses to ischemia: influence of exercise training.

We hypothesized that exercise training preserves endothelium-dependent relaxation, lessens receptor-mediated constriction of coronary resistance arteries, and reduces myocardial contractile dysfunc...
Identification of prolyl carboxypeptidase as an alternative enzyme for processing of renal angiotensin II using mass spectrometry

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) catalyzes conversion of ANG II to ANG-(1–7). The present study uses newly established proteomic approaches and genetic mouse models to examine the contribution of alternative renal peptidases to ACE2-independent formation of ANG-(1–7). In situ and in vitro mass spectrometric characterization showed that substrate concentration and pH control renal ANG II processing. At pH ≥6, ANG-(1–7) formation was significantly reduced in ACE2 knockout (KO) mice. However, at pH <6, formation of ANG-(1–7) in ACE2 KO mice was similar to that in wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting alternative peptidases for renal ANG II processing. Furthermore, the dual prolyl carboxypeptidase (PCP)-prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor Z-prolyl-prolinal reduced ANG-(1–7) formation in ACE2 KO mice, while the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 had no effect. Unlike the ACE2 KO mice, ANG-(1–7) formation from ANG II in PEP KO mice was not different from that in WT mice at any tested pH. However, at pH 5, this reaction was significantly reduced in kidneys and urine of PCP-depleted mice. In conclusion, results suggest that ACE2 metabolizes ANG II in the kidney at neutral and basic pH, while PCP catalyzes the same reaction at acidic pH. This is the first report demonstrating that renal ANG-(1–7) formation from ANG II is independent of ACE2. Elucidation of ACE2-independent ANG-(1–7) production pathways may have clinically important implications in patients with metabolic and renal disease.
STABILITY OF TH1 AND TH2 POPULATIONS

Using an in vitro model for the development of IFN-gamma-producing (Th1) and IL-4-producing (Th2) cells from CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing a transgenic TCR, we show that IL-12 and IL-4 are the most potent stimuli for the differentiation of naive T cells to effector populations. When combinations of cytokines are present during T cell priming, the effect of IL-4 is dominant. Furthermore, differentiated Th1 cells can be converted into IL-4 producers by exposure to IL-4, but the Th2 phenotype is not reversible. The stability of Th2 populations may limit the ability to regulate Th2-dominant responses in pathologic situations.
Usage of Integrin and Heparan Sulfate as Receptors for Mouse Adenovirus Type 1

Adenovirus fiber knobs are the capsid components that interact with binding receptors on cells, while an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence usually found in the penton base protein is important for the interaction of most adenoviruses with integrin entry receptors. Mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) lacks an RGD sequence in the virion penton base protein. We tested whether an RGD sequence found in the MAV-1 fiber knob plays a role in infection. Treatment of cells with a competitor RGD peptide or a purified recombinant RGD-containing fiber knob prior to infection resulted in reduced virus yields compared to those of controls, indicating the importance of the RGD sequence for infection. An investigation of the role of integrins as possible receptors showed that MAV-1 yields were reduced in the presence of EDTA, an inhibitor of integrin binding, and in the presence of anti-α v integrin antibody. Moreover, mouse embryo fibroblasts that were genetically deficient in α v integrin yielded less virus, supporting the hypothesis that α v integrin is a likely receptor for MAV-1. We also investigated whether glycosaminoglycans play a role in MAV-1 infection. Preincubation of MAV-1 with heparin, a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan analog, resulted in a decrease in MAV-1 virus yields. Reduced MAV-1 infectivity was also found with cells that genetically lack heparan sulfate or cells that were treated with heparinase I. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that the RGD sequence in the MAV-1 fiber knob plays a role in infection by MAV-1, α v integrin acts as a receptor for the virus, and cell surface heparin sulfate glycosaminoglycans are important in MAV-1 infection.
Database research in computer games

This tutorial presents an overview of the data management issues faced by computer games today. While many games do not use databases directly, they still have to process large amounts of data, and could benefit from the application of database technology. Other games, such as massively multiplayer online games (MMOs), must communicate with commercial databases and have their own unique challenges. In this tutorial we will present the state-of-the-art of data management in games that we learned from our interaction with various game studios. We will show how the issues involved motivate current research, and illustrate several possibilities for future work. Our tutorial will start with a description of data-driven design, which is the source of many of the data management issues that games face. We will show some of the tools that game developers use to create and manage content. We will discuss how this type of design can affect performance, and the data structures and techniques that developers use to ensure that the game is responsive. We will discuss the problem of consistency in games, and how games ensure that players all share the same view of the world. Finally, we will examine some of the engineering issues that game developers have to deal with when interacting with traditional databases. This tutorial is intended to be self-contained, and provides the background necessary for understanding how databases and database technology are relevant to computer games. This tutorial is accessible to students and researchers who, while perhaps not hardcore gamers themselves, are interested in ways in which they can use their expertise to solve problems in computer games.
Versatile surface functionalization of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) with sputtered SiO2 thin film for potential BioMEMS applications

Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is a new class of thermoplastic polymers used for a variety of applications ranging from bio-sensing to optics. However, lack of functional groups and intense surface hydrophobicity hamper further development and application of this material. Here, we describe fabrication and characterization of SiO2–COC hybrid material (oxCOC), which provides a desirable substrate for microfluidic devices and subsequent surface modifications. The deposited SiO2 thin film on COC surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The new SiO2–COC hybrid was found to have similar high optical transmission properties as that of pristine COC. Profilometric and AFM analysis revealed no dramatic change in morphology or surface roughness of functionalized COC. The SiO2–COC hybrid appeared to be stable in most of the solvents evaluated and could be further modified by other compounds, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES). The new SiO2–COC hybrid material and the robust fabrication method are expected to enable a variety of BioMEMS applications.
Breast Imaging with Ultrasound Tomography: Clinical Results at the Karmanos Cancer Institute

We report and discuss clinical breast imaging results obtained with operator independent ultrasound tomography. A series of in-vivo experiments were carried out using a recently upgraded clinical prototype based on the principles of ultrasound tomography. The in-vivo performance of the prototype was assessed by imaging patients at the Karmanos Cancer Institute. Our techniques successfully demonstrated in-vivo tomographic imaging of breast architecture in both reflection and transmission imaging modes. Masses as small as 6 mm in size were detected. These initial results indicate that operator- independent whole-breast imaging and the detection of cancerous breast masses are feasible using ultrasound tomography techniques. This approach has the potential to provide a low cost, non-invasive, and non-ionizing means of evaluating breast masses. Future work will concentrate on extending these results to larger trials.
The effects of quality of service on vehicular network pseudonym distribution in congested urban environments

Vehicular networks are meant to exist wherever the road will take them. This includes small towns, rural highways, suburbs, downtown urban centers, and urban highways. The density of vehicles varies greatly across these environments. This work looks at the effects of implementing Quality of Service (QoS) as well as a relatively similar method that inserts stochastic delays in pseudonym (PN) transmission in the two urban settings of a downtown grid and an urban highway, both under heavily congested conditions. The simulated results (using ns-3) are compared to previous work that examined communication suppression (as opposed to priority as in this work). Four metrics are used for method comparison: average overall background data throughput, average overall PNs distributed, maximum number of PNs distributed, and the distribution of the PNs across the vehicles as a function of need. While some of the results obtained were expected, the overall conclusion that implementing quality of service, or even a simplistic imitation, can significantly improve the overall data throughput and provide more PNs is an interesting result.
The irradiation of blood and blood components to prevent graft-versus-host disease: Technical issues and guidelines

In recent years, there have been several advances in blood irradiation practice. These include a better definition of the most appropriate dose level that should be used when irradiating blood components. Commercial innovation has provided the tools for a quality assurance program to assess the dose that is delivered throughout the canister in a free-standing irradiator, and, through the use of radiation-sensitive indicator labels, to confirm that the irradiation process has taken place. With the apparent increased use of linear-accelerators to irradiate blood components, appropriate quality assurance measures need to be developed. The maximum storage period for irradiated red cells should be shorter than for nonirradiated red cells if the treatment is performed early during the storage period because irradiation reduces the in vivo 24-hour red cell recovery parameter. The storage period for irradiated platelets does not need to be modified. Some questions are being raised regarding whether fresh-frozen plasma should be irradiated to inactivate a small number of immunocompetent progenitor cells that may be present. Table 4 summarizes the practices that should be followed in connection with the technical issues that have been addressed in this article. These guidelines follow the recommendations issued in July 1993 by the FDA in the United States. This article and Tables 1 and 2 contain additional guidelines.
Chiral Anomaly and Classical Negative Magnetoresistance of Weyl Metals

We consider the classical magnetoresistance of a Weyl metal in which the electron Fermi surface possesses nonzero fluxes of the Berry curvature. Such a system may exhibit large negative magnetoresistance with unusual anisotropy as a function of the angle between the electric and magnetic fields. In this case the system can support an additional type of plasma wave. These phenomena are consequences of the chiral anomaly in electron transport theory.
Switching in Twitter’s Hashtagged Exchanges

Networks have a remarkable ability to bring people together in communities, both online and offline, but such community building is not the only possible result of network use. This article examine...
Joint multicast routing and network design optimisation for networks-on-chip

In this study, we consider the problem of synthesising custom networks-on-chip (NoC) architectures that are optimised for a given application. Both unicast and multicast traffic flows are considered in the input specification. We formulate the joint multicast routing and network design problem using a rip-up and reroute procedure, where each multicast routing step is formulated as a minimum directed spanning tree problem, and we propose a very efficient algorithm called Ripup-Reroute-and-Router-Merging (RRRM). Our new formulation adopts a rip-up and reroute concept that provides us with a heuristic iterative mechanism to identify increasingly improving solutions. The minimum directed spanning tree formulation efficiently captures the best routing solutions for multicast flows during the topology synthesis procedure. Our design flow integrates floorplanning, and our solutions consider deadlock-free routing. Experimental results compared with our previous proposed algorithms CLUSTER and DECOMPOSE on a variety of NoC benchmarks showed that our new synthesis results are largely improved. RRRM can on average achieve a 9% reduction in power consumption over CLUSTER and a 17% reduction in power consumption over DECOMPOSE with 1786× and 57× faster execution times than CLUSTER and DECOMPOSE, respectively. Improvements in performance were also achieved, with an average of 3% reduction in hop counts over CLUSTER and 7% in hop counts over DECOMPOSE on all benchmarks.
Selection of VSH-derived “Pol-line” honey bees and evaluation of their Varroa -resistance characteristics

Honey bees with Varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH) have good resistance to Varroa destructor. We bred “Pol-line” bees by outcrossing VSH queens to US commercial stocks from 2008 to 2014 and then selecting colonies with low mite infestations. Beginning in 2011, field performance of colonies with outcrossed Pol-line queens was compared to colonies with outcrossed VSH queens. Mite infestations after one season were comparable in colonies of the two bee types. Queens from the most functional colonies of both bee types were added to the Pol-line breeding population each year. Mite resistance was investigated further by exposing mite-infested brood to colonies for 1 week in lab tests. The two bee types did not differ in the percentage of infested brood they removed or in the percentage of non-reproduction among remaining mites. Introgressing the VSH trait into commercial honey bee stock shows promise in creating bees that have useful mite resistance and desirable beekeeping characteristics.
Developmental changes in cardiorespiratory patterns of sleep-associated apnea in northern elephant seals

The development of heart rate and respiratory patterns related to sleep-associated apnea were studied in northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups and adult males. Heart rate patterns became more refined in conjunction with an age-related increase in apnea duration in pups. That is, older pups showed significant sinus arrhythmia, while breathing and apneic heart rate were both stable and similar in magnitude to the sinus arrhythmia minimum. By contrast, younger pups showed poor or nonexistent sinus arrhythmia and shorter apnea durations with a variable and/or high heart rate during apnea. Apnea duration was positively correlated with the development of sinus arrhythmia and negatively correlated with both eupneic and apneic heart rate. Adult males showed extremely well-developed patterns of sinus arrhythmia and, in all cases, the minimum heart rate during the sinus arrhythmia was lower than the average heart rate recorded during apnea. These results suggest that seal pups are not born with the cardiac control associated with voluntary long duration apnea, but that apnea tolerance increases with refined cardiorespiratory control.
Placental transmission of colistimethate.

When injected intravenously in a single 150 mg. dose, the polypeptide colistimethate passes from the mother to the fetus. No toxic effects were encountered with the single dose, in either the mothers or in the fetuses. Colistimethate is not found in the amniotic fluid within 3 hours after intravenous administration to the mother but later observations were not made. One fifth to one quarter of the total colistimethate injected into the amniotic fluid, of patients not in labor, is present after 18 hours; detectable maternal blood levels are notobtained until approximately 2 hours after injection. Barely detectable concentrations (ca approximately 0.45 /Lg per milliliter) of colistimethate are maintained in the mother from 2 to 7 hours, and similar levels have been found in newborns delivered 6 and 20 hours after injection into the amniotic sac. The possible use of colistimethate in the prevention of intrauterine infection and possible toxic effects are discussed.
The Rise of Therapeutic Governing in Postsocialist China

ABSTRACTIn this article, I explore how and why psychological intervention, often in the name of guanai (care), has gradually become a critical tool of managing the population and governing society in postsocialist China. Psychological counselors and experts are becoming a new form of authority, an indispensable part of creating and managing knowable, stable, and governable subjects for the military, the police, schools, and enterprises. ‘Therapeutic governing’ refers to the adoption of the therapeutic ethos, techniques, and care to improve the management of the work force and to help individuals cope with life in a rapidly changing society. I examine what drives local authorities to pursue this change, and how therapeutic governing takes on a different character and significance given China’s unique path. I suggest that incorporating psychotherapeutic intervention into postsocialist governing can simultaneously produce disciplining and nurturing, repressive and unfettering effects in everyday life.
Nonorthogonal Coding

Frequency shift keying is effective in communicating through dispersive or multipath fading channels, but it often cannot provide a sufficiently high data rate. Nonorthogonal coding can be used to obtain an increased data rate without an increased bandwidth. A reasonable increase in energy per bit is required to maintain a given error rate. Several nonorthogonal coding techniques are presented and discussed.
The Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Certain Neurologic Disorders

Ultrasonography is the most innocuous and noninvasive procedure, ideally suited for screening patients suspected of having cerebrovascular insufficiency. The Doppler ultrasound and real-time techniques complement each other. The latter can actually display a two-dimensional dynamic image of the carotid artery. B-scan can also be used in fetuses, infants, and young children for precise assessment of the size of the ventricular system. It can be used for serial follow-up evaluation of hydrocephalus. Ultrasound can be utilized in determination of the depth and width of the lumbar spinal canal. Differentiation of cystic from solid masses in the spinal canal may also be made by this modality.
Evidence of salt accumulation in beach intertidal zone due to evaporation

In coastal environments, evaporation is an important driver of subsurface salinity gradients in marsh systems. However, it has not been addressed in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches. Here, we used field data on an estuarine beach foreshore with numerical simulations to show that evaporation causes upper intertidal zone pore-water salinity to be double that of seawater. We found the increase in pore-water salinity mainly depends on air temperature and relative humidity and tide and wave actions dilute a fraction of the high salinity plume, resulting in a complex process. This is in contrast to previous studies that consider seawater as the most saline source to a coastal aquifer system, thereby concluding that seawater infiltration always increases pore-water salinity by seawater-groundwater mixing dynamics. Our results demonstrate the combined effects of evaporation and tide and waves on subsurface salinity distribution on a beach face. We anticipate our quantitative investigation will shed light on the studies of salt-affected biological activities in the intertidal zone. It also impacts our understanding of the impact of global warming; in particular, the increase in temperature does not only shift the saltwater landward, but creates a different salinity distribution that would have implications on intertidal biological zonation.
The Impact of Child Abuse Potential on Adaptive Functioning: Early Identification of Risk

Previous research has investigated the deleterious effects of child maltreatment on child development; however, little research has examined the development of children who live with caregivers who are at risk of maltreatment on child development outcomes. This study utilized self-report data from caregivers that included the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), Parenting Stress Inventory-Short Form (PSI/SF), and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-2nd Edition (ABAS-II) for 116 children ages 3-12 from a rural, Appalachian community. Caregivers with lower child abuse potential, children who used fewer school services, older children, and caregivers with lower household income had better total adaptive skills. Caregivers with lower child abuse potential, children who used fewer school services and older children had better functioning on the academic skills subscale. Children who used fewer school services, were older, and had lower family income had greater self-care skills. Finally, children who used fewer school services had greater communication skills. Parent-child dysfunction was not related to child development outcomes. The findings demonstrate that educators are in a unique position to intervene and support children at risk of maltreatment.
Educating Leaders: A Foundation Curriculum for HealthCare Professionals

This chapter will focus on several nuts and bolts issues in leadership. What are the fundamental things that they need to be able to do and how should they learn to do them? What does a core curriculum for medical leaders look like? If there are levels in learning leadership how can we think about them?
Genotype-guided diagnosis in familial hypercholesterolemia: population burden and cascade screening.

Purpose of review In this review, how genetic testing has provided major new insights regarding the population burden of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are reviewed. In addition, the role of genetic testing in cascade screening for FH and an updated MEDPED (Make Early Diagnoses to Prevent Early Death in MEDical PEDigrees) algorithm for the clinical diagnosis of FH are presented. Recent findings For the first time, recent application of genetic testing for FH in large populations has provided firm estimates of the prevalence of FH (at least one in 220) in the USA. High associated risks of coronary artery disease make FH the most common genetic cause of premature coronary artery disease. Summary Genetic testing has yielded accurate, new estimates of the population burden of FH. The potential benefits of early diagnosis of FH on a population-wide level have not yet begun to be realized.
A Simple Bivalency Proof that t-Resilient Consensus Requires t+1 Rounds

We use a straightforward bivalency argument borrowed from [FLP85] to show that in a synchronous system with up to t crash failures solving consensus requires at least t+1 rounds. The proof is simpler and more intuitive than the traditional one: It uses an easy forward induction rather than a more complex backward induction which needs the induction hypothesis several times.
Fast Convergence in Semianonymous Potential Games

Log-linear learning has been extensively studied in the game-theoretic and distributed control literature. It is appealing for many applications because it often guarantees that the agents' collective behavior will converge in probability to the optimal system configuration. However, the worst case convergence time can be prohibitively long, that is, exponential in the number of players. Building upon the 2010 work of Shah and Shin, we formalize a modified log-linear learning algorithm whose worst case convergence time is roughly linear in the number of players. We prove this characterization for a class of potential games where agents' utility functions can be expressed as a function of aggregate behavior within a finite collection of populations. Finally, we show that the convergence time remains roughly linear in the number of players even when the players are permitted to enter and exit the game over time.
White-light emission characteristics of rare-earth ion-doped sodium borate glass

Sodium borate glass embedded with Tb3+, Sm3+ and Dy3+ was made by the melt quenching technique. The resulting glass is highly transparent. Absorption, and emission spectral measurements are performed. Under a diode laser excitation the glass emitted warm white light. Lifetimes of the excited levels are measured. CIE color co-ordinates and color temperature are measured.
It’s Not in the Curriculum: Adult English Language Teachers and LGBQ Topics:

For adult English language learners, the English language classroom provides a space for students to examine cultural as well other identities. However, discussions often center on racial, rather t...
Limiting Laws for Equilibrium and Transport Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions

It is proposed here to discuss the interactions of point ions with infinitely long line charges against the background of a dielectric continuum [1–8]. It is expected, both on a priori and empirical grounds, that this model is a good representation of a polyelectrolyte solution at low concentrations. Further discussion of the model is deferred to the end of the article. Fairly extensive comparions of published data with the predictions of the model are given in References [1] and [7]. Further comparisons are given below, but emphasis is primarily directed at data which serve to illustrate specific points.
Maltreatment of Children and Youth with Special Healthcare Needs

Children with special healthcare needs have an increased risk for child abuse and neglect (Sullivan & Knutson, 1998; Sullivan & Knutson, 2000). The maltreatment of these children and youth is frequently unidentified and unrecognized in healthcare settings. Consequently, efforts are needed to inform healthcare providers about the risk factors for child maltreatment among children with special healthcare needs. This requires that healthcare providers be vigilant in their medical assessments of these children for both maltreatment and disability status. This chapter presents maltreatment risk factors, perpetrator characteristics, and maltreatment characteristics of children with special healthcare needs that have been identified through research in healthcare settings. These risk factors and maltreatment characteristics have diagnostic and treatment implications for medical professionals. Practical guidelines for pediatricians in identifying maltreatment among children with special healthcare needs are presented with special emphasis on the abuse potential of restraint used in both medical and behavioral hospital settings. Guidelines for working with the families of children with special healthcare needs are presented. Case study examples of neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse of children with special healthcare needs are also given.
Modeling a Spatio-Temporal Individual Travel Behavior Using Geotagged Social Network Data: a Case Study of Greater Cincinnati

Abstract. Understanding individual travel behavior is vital in travel demand management as well as in urban and transportation planning. New data sources including mobile phone data and location-based social media (LBSM) data allow us to understand mobility behavior on an unprecedented level of details. Recent studies of trip purpose prediction tend to use machine learning (ML) methods, since they generally produce high levels of predictive accuracy. Few studies used LSBM as a large data source to extend its potential in predicting individual travel destination using ML techniques. In the presented research, we created a spatio-temporal probabilistic model based on an ensemble ML framework named “Random Forests” utilizing the travel extracted from geotagged Tweets in 419 census tracts of Greater Cincinnati area for predicting the tract ID of an individual’s travel destination at any time using the information of its origin. We evaluated the model accuracy using the travels extracted from the Tweets themselves as well as the travels from household travel survey. The Tweets and survey based travels that start from same tract in the south western parts of the study area is more likely to select same destination compare to the other parts. Also, both Tweets and survey based travels were affected by the attraction points in the downtown of Cincinnati and the tracts in the north eastern part of the area. Finally, both evaluations show that the model predictions are acceptable, but it cannot predict destination using inputs from other data sources as precise as the Tweets based data.
Dynamics of internal resettlement during civil war: Evidence from Catalonia (1936–39)

This article explores the dynamics of internal resettlement in times of civil war by using a novel dataset of all municipalities of Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), which includes ...
Extending battery life of smartphones by overcoming idle power consumption using ambient light energy harvesting

Consumer electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops typically require recharging once or twice a day and have limited battery life. Increasing adoption of and dependence on smartphones has led to consumers occasionally carrying conventional chargers, USBs, power packs, or solar chargers to sustain their devices throughout the day. These products are bulky, heavy, and expensive. New approaches are necessary to improve consumers' day-to-day experiences with charging their electronic devices. This paper explores the application of ambient light energy harvesting using a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) solar cell to extend the battery life of smartphones. Different solar cell types, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, and harvester ICs are analyzed in addition to smartphone user behavior model and standby/idle power consumption. Finally, the performance of a light energy harvesting system (EHS) using a GaAs solar cell and an ultra-low power energy harvester is compared for different indoor light sources. Maximum power of approximately 12 mW is produced indoors by the EHS for a smartphone-sized GaAs solar panel. For smartphones that consume 30 mW when idle, the GaAs solar panel can reduce the idle power consumption by almost half indoors, hence, doubling the time the device can be kept idle. Based on the results, practical benefits and challenges of such a system for various consumer electronic devices are discussed.
Promoting health equity to prevent crime.

Abstract Traditionally, research activities aimed at diminishing health inequalities and preventing crime have been conducted in isolation, with relatively little cross-fertilization. We argue that moving forward, transdisciplinary collaborations that employ a life-course perspective constitute a productive approach to minimizing both health disparities and early delinquent involvement. Specifically, we propose a multidimensional framework that integrates findings on health disparities and crime across the early life-course and emphasizes the role of racial and socioeconomic disparities in health. Developing the empirical nexus between health disparities research and criminological research through this multidimensional framework could fruitfully direct and organize research that contributes to reductions in health inequalities and the prevention of crime during the early life course. We also propose that this unified approach can ultimately enhance public safety policies and attenuate the collateral consequences of incarceration.
The Ancestral Double Dutch: From Cotton Myths to Future Dreams

Academia is a place where time is a commodity. We are under its grip for publications, tenure, and how we manage our daily lives. This chapter shakes up the concept of time by moving between an ancestral experience and the future dreams of a Black woman academic. By moving through a celestial map of past and present, I examine how time, trauma, and self-care are necessary both here and then.
HYALURONAN SYNTHASES: MECHANISTIC STUDIES AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT Hyaluronan [HA] is found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrate tissues, in the surface coating of certain Streptococcus and Pasteurella bacterial pathogens, and on the surface of one particular virus-infected alga. Hyaluronan synthases [HASs], the enzymes that polymerize HA using UDP-sugar precursors, are found in the outer membranes of these organisms. The HAS genes from all the above sources have been identified. There appears to be two distinct classes of HA synthases based on differences in amino acid sequence, predicted topology in the membrane, and putative reaction mechanism. All HASs were designated Class I synthases with exception of the Pasteurella HAS. The catalytic mode of pmHAS, the only Class II synthase, was elucidated. This enzyme will elongate exogenous HA-derived oligosaccharide acceptors by addition of individual sugar units to the nonreducing terminus to form long polymers in vitro; no Class I HAS displays this capability. The mode and the directionality of HA polymerization catalyzed by Class I HASs remains unclear. The pmHAS enzyme has also been dissected into its two component activities, the GlcUA-transferase and the GlcNAc-transferase. Thus two active sites exist in a single pmHAS polypeptide in contrast to a widely accepted dogma of glycobiology, “one enzyme, one sugar transferred”. Preliminary evidence suggests that the Class I enzymes may also have two sites. The catalytic potential of the pmHAS enzyme may be harnessed to create novel polysaccharides or designer oligosaccharides. Due to the multitude of potential HA-based medical therapies, this chemoenzymatic technology promises to benefit our pursuit of good health.
Participation of Phytochemicals in Plant Development and Growth

Phytochemicals, also known as natural products and specialized compounds, display well known functions in plants providing varying levels of protection to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of phytochemicals is tightly spatio-temporally regulated, often restricted to specialized cells, yet their transport within plants allow them to interact with, and modulate, other signalling networks. In this chapter, we describe how phytochemicals participate in plant development and growth, further blurring the boundaries between primary and secondary metabolism, and between hormones and phytochemicals.
Radio Systems Overview: Architecture, Performance, and Built-in-Test

In this chapter, we take a look at RF systems from the system to the block level. The overview presents an introduction to the basic communication system, its various architectures and implementations. An architecture best suited for SoC integration is highlighted. Throughout the book, elements will be added to that baseline configuration to enable and demonstrate true built-in self-test and self-calibration capabilities.
Programmed Cell Death

During the development of the nervous system, there is a massive loss of undifferentiated and differentiating cells. This cell loss is a normal part of development, and it occurs by a highly regulated process known as programmed cell death (PCD). This article provides highlights of the history of our understanding of neuronal death, its function in the developing nervous system, the key regulation of the process by extra- and intracellular mechanisms, the potential relationship of PCD and cell death observed in pathology and neurodegenerative diseases and the discovery of new “programmed” pathways of non-apoptotic cell death.
A foliar boron nutrition and insecticide program for soybean

In an attempt to increase soybean (Glycine max) yield, studies initiated in 1986 and continued until 1996 have resulted in the recommendation that soybean growers in Georgia foliar-apply 0.28 kg boron ha-1 with Dimilin at 0.07 kg active ingredient ha-1 in reproductive stages. Such applications, at the time an insecticide is needed, have resulted in economically important yield responses of soybeans grown using other best management practices. The yield response appears due to both nutrition and protection from foliage-eating insects. Initial experiments were with applications of nitrogen (N) applied by fertigation using center-pivot sprinkler irrigation systems. Such applications increased yield and protein contents of soybeans in many cases. However, fertigation is not an option for most soybeans, therefore research on foliar effects of N applications were undertaken. Foliar nitrogen applications frequently result in leaf burns, but we found that addition of boron (B) afforded some protection from those burns and provided additional increases in yield. Additional experiments indicated that B application was resulting in yield increases similar to those attained with fertigated N at far less cost. Yield increases of up to 400 kg ha-1 for a single application of 0.28 kg B ha-1 have been attained. The major gross physiological effect of B appears to be an increase in bean size. Recent studies have been directed toward applying the boron with insecticides at the time the insecticide is needed. This method of application reduces the cost of B application to the actual cost of the B source (approximately $ 3 US ha-1). Soluble disodium octaborate tetrahydrate is compatible with insecticides, including Dimilin (diflubenzuron), an insecticide which is very effective against the velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner).