cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A genome scan for quantitative trait loci and imprinted regions affecting reproduction in pigs

Quantitative trait loci for reproductive traits in a three-generation resource population of a cross between low-indexing pigs from a control line and high-indexing pigs from a line selected 10 generations for increased index of ovulation rate and embryonic survival are reported. Phenotypic data were collected in F 2 females for birth weight (BWT, n = 428), weaning weight (WWT, n = 405), age at puberty (AP, n = 295), ovulation rate (OR, n = 423), number of fully formed pigs (FF, n = 370), number of pigs born alive (NBA, n = 370), number of mummified pigs (MUM, n = 370), and number of stillborn pigs (NSB, n = 370). Grandparent, F 1 , and F 2 animals were genotyped for 151 microsatellite markers. Sixteen putative QTL (P < 0.10) for reproductive traits were identified in previous analyses of these data with single QTL line-cross models. Data were reanalyzed with multiple QTL models, including imprinting effects. Data also were analyzed with half-sib models. Permutation was used to establish genome-wide significance levels (α = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10). Thirty-one putative QTL for reproductive traits and two QTL for birth weight were identified (P < 0.10). One Mendelian QTL for FF (P < 0.05), one for NBA (P < 0.05), three for NSB (P < 0.05), three for NN (P < 0.05), seven for AP (P < 0.10), five for MUM (P < 0.10), and one for BWT (P < 0.10) were found. Partial imprinting of QTL affecting OR (P < 0.01), BWT (P < 0.05), and MUM (P < 0.05) was detected. There were four paternally expressed QTL for NN (P < 0.10) and one each for AP (P < 0.05) and MUM (P < 0.10). Maternally expressed QTL affecting NSB (P < 0.10), NN (P < 0.10), and MUM (P < 0.10) were detected. No QTL were detected with half-sib analyses. Multiple QTL models with imprinting effects are more appropriate for analyzing F 2 data than single Mendelian QTL line-cross models.
Lorenzo L.Langstroth and the Bee Space

Langstroth's place as the founder of modern beekeeping is so well established that any new information on his contribution to the development of the movable-frame hive is to be welcomed. The authors of this article have been able to study the notes Langstroth made in preparation for the fourth edition of his book, which was never published. These notes, and other material quoted, provide evidence which puts into rather a new perspective events which, a century ago, determined the course of world beekeeping since then.
Revisão Legal E Renovação Religiosa No Antigo Israel) Legal Revision and Religious Innovation in Ancient Israel)

This volume is translation of Bernard Levinson's book, Legal Revision and Religious Innovation in Ancient Israel (Cambridge University Press, 2008), into Portuguese. Esta obra examina a doutrina da punicao transgeneracional encontrada no Decalogo – isto e, a ideia de que Deus pune os pecadores de forma vicaria e estende a punicao devida a eles ate a terceira ou quarta geracao dos seus descendentes. Embora essa fosse uma lei “dada por Deus”, a injustica de punir pessoas inocentes meramente por serem os filhos ou netos dos malfeitores foi claramente reconhecida no Antigo Israel. Uma serie de respostas intrabiblicas e pos-biblicas ao preceito demonstra que os escritores posteriores foram capazes de criticar, rejeitar e substituir essa doutrina por uma nocao alternativa de retribuicao individual. Para apoiar um novo estudo e abrir novas perspectivas, o autor apresenta um ensaio bibliografico valioso sobre a abordagem distintiva da exegese intrabiblica, mostrando as contribuicoes de estudiosos europeus, israelenses e norte-americanos sobre o assunto.This book examines the doctrine of transgenerational punishment found in the Decalogue: the idea that God punishes sinners vicariously and extends the punishment due them to three or four generations of their progeny. Already in ancient Israel, even though it was a “God-given” law, the unfairness of punishing innocent people merely for being the children or grandchildren of wrongdoers was clearly recognized. A series of inner-biblical and post-biblical responses to the rule demonstrates that later writers were able to criticize, reject, and replace this problematic doctrine with the alternative notion of individual retribution. From this perspective, the formative canon is the source of its own renewal: it fosters critical reflection upon the textual tradition and sponsors intellectual freedom.The English version of this document can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1850904La versione italiana di questo documento e disponibile al seguente link: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2085494La version francaise de ce document se trouvent a: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1858808 Dies titel ist auch in deutsch erhaltlich bei: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2080486
Meshfree-enriched electromagnetic finite element formulation using nodal integration

This paper presents a meshfree-enriched finite element formulation using nodal integration for electrostatic analysis. The meshfree-enriched finite element method, originally proposed to solve the incompressible constraint in mechanical problem, is revisited in this paper and applied to the analysis of electrostatic problems to improve the solution accuracy of conventional finite element method. A novel nodal integration scheme based on the meshfree-enriched finite element mesh is developed for the integration of discrete equation and is shown to pass the linear exactness in the Galerkin approximation. To demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed formulation, two numerical examples are studied and comparisons are made to several other finite element formulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deglacial sea surface temperatures of the western tropical Pacific: A new look at old coral

[1] Using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) ion microprobe techniques, we generated annual Sr/Ca cycles with subweekly resolution from chunks of Porites coral retrieved from a Tahiti barrier reef drill core (149°W, 17°S), representing the period 13,650 to 13,100 years B.P. The centers of pristine skeletal septa were selectively targeted with a 10 μm diameter ion beam spot, avoiding adjacent pore spaces occupied by secondary aragonite needles. Applying a Sr/Ca–sea surface temperature (SST) calibration equation derived from modern Tahiti Porites having the same low growth rate as the fossil specimens, we obtained SSTs ∼0.5°–1.5°C cooler during the Bolling-Allerod relative to the present day, with no significant change in seasonality. On the contrary, we estimate that analysis of bulk samples would yield excessively cool Sr/Ca-based SST estimates due to the occupation by secondary aragonite crystals of up to 50% of the skeletal pore space in the ancient samples. We find that growth rate effects on coral Sr/Ca further depress the apparent mean annual derived SSTs (by >3°C) and amplify the apparent seasonality by selectively enhancing wintertime cooling. Our microscale analysis of pristine skeleton and application of an appropriate growth-dependent calibration yield Sr/Ca-derived SSTs that are in good agreement with those derived from Mg/Ca ratios of calcitic foraminifera which indicate a continuous postglacial warming of the western tropical Pacific, in phase with the warming of the tropical Atlantic.
Evidence Based on Test Content

The previous chapter focused on the need for latent constructs in the study of affective characteristics and the array of scaling and measurement issues that need to be addressed in order to justify their treatment as mathematical structures in affective instruments. In this chapter, we introduce the most fundamental concept in instrument development: validity. While validity has no single agreed definition in the larger scientific community, in the area of instrument development it does refer to a very specific evidence gathering process for inferences made about latent quantities of latent constructs. As a result, Chapter 3 can be seen as an extension of the latent construct operationism started in Chapter 2. This evidence gathering process is a recurring one with elements discussed also in Chapters 4, 5, and 6. The test content validity discussed in this chapter is part of a non-statistical judgmental process done by content experts before it is present to respondents. As a result, the chapter is devoted to the methods involved in helping instrument developers translate their conceptual understanding of the affective characteristic into a well-functioning operational construct. This chapter introduces the researchers to the most commonly employed approaches to the process of establishing validity through the test content
Base-calling for Illumina's next-generation DNA sequencing systems via Viterbi algorithm

We look at statistical methods to reduce error rates for Il-lumina's next-generation sequencing platforms. In particular, we propose a computationally tractable parametric model for Illumina's Genome Analyzer which is amenable to the use of dynamic programming ideas. We investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm for base-calling in terms of error rates, compare it with the state-of-the-art basecalling schemes for this platform, and demonstrate its feasibility on experimentally obtained data.
Network coded storage with multi-resolution codes

From a user perspective in modern data centers, temporary data unavailability dominates permanent data unavailability. Complementing data center repair research, this paper focuses on this temporary unavailability. To help manage this traffic-induced unavailability, we propose a coded resolution-aware storage (CRS) scheme for data center video-streaming applications. In particular, files stored on drives are pre-network coded across multi-resolution (MR) layers. We explore the characteristics of this concept and compare it to an uncoded resolution-aware storage (URS) scheme, as well as to classic storage systems. We illustrate that the CRS scheme can in some cases provide an order of magnitude in saturation probability gains over URS and classic systems.
1986 Stanford-Binet abbreviated forms.

Scores extracted for the Quick Screening Battery (4 subtests) and the General Purpose Abbreviated Battery (6 subtests) from the 1986 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale administered to 16 men and 16 women (Mage: 18 yr., 11 mo.) gave means of 101.0 vs 100.6 (100.9 for the full test). SDs were 9 or 10. Mean times were 34 min. vs 52 min. (114 min. for full test); rs ranged from .907 to .942 for the overlapping scales.
Neutron activation determination of noble metals in rocks: A rapid radiochemical separation based on tellurium coprecipitation

A procedure is described for the determination of Pd, Au, Ir, and Pt in rocks at the ppb concentration level. After irradiation with thermal neutrons, powdered rock samples are fused with carriers and Na2O2−NaOH. The fusion cake is dissolved in dilute HCl, and the activated noble metals and carriers are coprecipitated as a group with Te, using Sn2+ as a reductant. Gamma and X-rays are counted on semi-conductor Ge deterctors. Yields are determined by reirradiation. Results are given for several rocks, including U.S.G.S. standards PCC-1 and W-1.
Modern Computing--in 1949

Here, Charles Day contemplates what the work of computational science pioneers can teach us about programming around operational constraints.
Liquid crystals for optical non-display applications

Liquid crystals (LCs) demonstrate a number of unusual physical properties and effects that so far has been explored mainly for LC display (LCD) applications. This presentation discusses aspects of LCs that lead to the new opportunities in non-LCD applications, such as biosensors, micro- and opto-fluidics, switchable metamaterials. A LC is a unique medium for colloidal particles as it responds to the presence of inclusions by altering the orientation of LC molecules and thus the optic axis. The effect can be used in real-time sensing of microbes, as the molecular reorientation is easily detectable by optical means. Symmetry breaking associated with director distortions around inclusions in LCs enables a new mechanism of nonlinear electrophoresis. In the liquid-crystal enabled electrophoresis (LCEEP), the velocity of particle grows with the square of the applied field. The feature allows one to use an AC driving, to create steady flows and to move uncharged particle. The trajectory of particle is not necessarily parallel to the electric field and can be controlled by the director configuration. A gradient electric field can be used to align metallic nanorods into ordered LC-like birefringent structures with spatially varying refractive index; the latter represents a switchable medium for transformation optics.
Reading science: Using systemic functional linguistics to support critical language awareness

Abstract In this article we report on initial steps in a potential pathway into developing critical language awareness in teachers and young children by introducing the notion of “author attitude” in science texts. We report on activities that helped teachers and students recognize that informational texts do, in fact, present authors’ attitudes and perspectives, that this is accomplished through language choices, and that those choices put readers in dialog with an author, allowing readers to bring their own judgments to what they read. As we report on the reactions of elementary teachers and students and on their participation in activities exploring author attitude, we highlight lessons we learned that may inform others who are interested in supporting critical language awareness in science reading.
Formulation of light focusing through a plano-convex spherical lens in wave optics.

Focusing of an incident light wave through a plano-convex spherical lens is discussed by calculating the light intensity distribution on the lens’s optical axis after the incident wave is multiply scattered inside the lens. It is found that the size and location of the region into which the incident wave is focused are determined by two conditions. It is also found that it is possible for the wave to be focused into two such regions.
The Qualitative Analysis of Canine Immunoglobulins and Myeloma Proteins by Immunofixation

The technique of immunofixation was used to locate the immunoglobulin species in canine sera following agarose electrophoresis. The myeloma proteins in two dogs were identified as immunoglobulin G, and a polygonal gammopathy was characterized by this method.
The place of order and uncertainty in art and environmental aesthetics

Contrasting views in writings of architectural aesthetics regarding the virtues of diversity as opposed to unity are examined in terms of Berlyne's treatment of the unity-amid-variety issue, and of work by him and others attempting to distinguish effects of complexity and redundancy. Research on the role of structural relationships in complex configurations suggests the need for coming to grips with such Gestaltist variables as order and balance in the context of a motivational theory of response to aesthetic stimuli such as Berlyne's.
Is ultrasound really helpful in the detection of rib fractures

Abstract Objective : To determine the usefulness of ultrasound in the detection of rib fractures. Patients and methods : A prospective study was performed over a 3-month period. Patients presenting with a high clinical suspicion of rib fracture(s) to the Accident and Emergency Department were referred for radiological work-up with a PA chest radiograph, an oblique rib view and a chest ultrasound. Associated lesions, e.g. pleural effusion, splenic laceration and pneumothorax were recorded. Results : Fourteen patients were radiologically assessed. The mean patient age was 31 years (range 16–55 years) and the M:F ratio 3.7:1 (11 men and 3 women). Ten patients displayed a total of 15 broken ribs. Chest radiography detected 11, oblique rib views 13 and ultrasound 14 broken ribs. Ultrasound findings included discontinuity of cortical alignment in 12 fractures, an acoustic linear edge shadow in nine and a reverberation artifact in six. Concordance with plain film findings, and especially oblique rib views, was good, though better when the rib fractures fragments were markedly displaced. One splenic laceration was detected with an associated small pleural effusion. There were no pneumothoraces. The average time of ultrasound examination was 13 min. Conclusion : Ultrasound does not significantly increase the detection rate of rib fractures, may be uncomfortable for the patient and is too time-consuming to justify its routine use to detect rib fractures.
Flexible, Bowl-Shaped N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Substrate Specificity in Iridium-Catalyzed Ketone Hydrosilylation

A series of benzimidazolium chlorides was synthesized as precursors to N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, with N-substituents varying in size from 3,5-xylyl (1a) to first-generation dendritic 3,5-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)phenyl (1b), to the second-generation 3,5-bis[3,5-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)phenyl]phenyl (1c). The dendritic side groups of 1b and 1c form a flexible, bowl-like cavity. Iridium complexes of 1a−c were synthesized and were shown to be catalytically active for the hydrosilylation of aryl methyl ketones. The dendritic ligands 1b and 1c effect a moderate level of substrate specificity in the competitive hydrosilylation of ketones of varying size. In the competitive hydrosilylation of acetophenone versus 3-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)acetophenone, acetophenone is consumed approximately 3.7 times more quickly using the second-generation ligand 1c. Using the control ligand 1a, this ratio is 1.8.
Effects of gender on the central actions of neuropeptide Y and norepinephrine on vasopressin and blood pressure in the rat

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and norepinephrine are co-localized in the noradrenergic projection from the A1 nucleus of the medulla to the vasopressinergic magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Because this pathway is involved in the control of vasopressin release, we have examined the possibility that NPY and norepinephrine interact in this control. Because the stimulation of vasopressin release by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of norepinephrine is greater in male than in female rats, the experiments were carried out in conscious male rats and in female rats in the proestrous and non-proestrous phases of the estrous cycle. NPY (940 pmol i.c.v.) caused small sustained increases in plasma vasopressin concentrations that were greater in proestrous than in non-proestrous females and males. Norepinephrine i.c.v. increased plasma vasopressin levels transiently and to a greater extent in females than males. When NPY and norepinephrine were given together, the pattern of the vasopressin response was similar to that of norepinephrine alone. The magnitude of this response in males and proestrous females did not differ from that to norepinephrine alone; in non-proestrous females the response was twice that to norepinephrine alone. In non-proestrous rats, NPY also enhanced the pressor response to norepinephrine. Thus, NPY interacts centrally with norepinephrine in vasopressin release and cardiovascular function and this effect is dependent upon gender and phase of the estrous cycle.
Dampened Hedgehog signaling but normal Wnt signaling in zebrafish without cilia.

Cilia have been implicated in Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt signaling in mouse but not in Drosophila . To determine whether the role of cilia is conserved in zebrafish, we generated maternal-zygotic (MZ) oval ( ovl ; ift88 ) mutants that lack all cilia. MZ ovl mutants display normal canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling but show defects in Hh signaling. As in mouse, zebrafish cilia are required to mediate the activities of Hh, Ptc, Smo and PKA. However, in contrast to mouse Ift88 mutants, which show a dramatic reduction in Hh signaling, zebrafish MZ ovl mutants display dampened, but expanded, Hh pathway activity. This activity is largely due to gli1 , the expression of which is fully dependent on Hh signaling in mouse but not in zebrafish. These results reveal a conserved requirement for cilia in transducing the activity of upstream regulators of Hh signaling but distinct phenotypic effects due to differential regulation and differing roles of transcriptional mediators.
Long Latency Ankle Responses to Dynamic Perturbation in Older Fallers and Non-Fallers

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of falling history and aging on the latency and magnitude of long latency responses in the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of older adults. DESIGN: Single observation study. SETTING: Emory University School of Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, serving the greater Atlanta, Georgia, area. PARTICIPANTS: There were 62 community-dwelling adults aged 60 or older, 32 with a history of two or more unexplained falls in the past year and 30 with no history of falls in the past year. MEASUREMENTS: The electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles was recorded bilaterally during repeated 10 degree dorsiflexion perturbations to standing subjects at the acceleration of gravity and a velocity of approximately 100 deg/sec. The latency and magnitude of the long latency EMG responses (LLR) of both muscles were determined and compared between individuals by falls history and by decades of age. MAIN RESULTS: No significant differences between falls status groups existed for mean LLR latencies or magnitudes of either LG or TA. Attenuation of the LLR throughout the trials was significantly different between groups. Non-fallers demonstrated attenuation of the LG magnitude over the first five stretches. Fallers showed maladaptation of the LG response, with the latency becoming shorter over 25 trials. More than half of the subjects in both groups had one or more instances of temporal reversal of the response latencies, with the TA response occurring earlier than the LG response during the first five stretches. No differences existed in the LLR between age decades within faller or non-faller groups. A timed measure of mobility (Up & Go) showed a significant difference between falls status, but not between age decades in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of differences between falls status and age decade groups over all trials suggests that LLRs remain intact between older fallers and non-fallers and between older age groups. The mechanism of perturbation is a distinguishing feature of this study and probably contributes to our findings. The appearance of an atypical response strategy in both groups, where the TA response often occurs before the LG response, has raised the question of whether there is always a stereotypical pattern of LLRs during postural perturbations outside the experimental setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:1447–1454, 1996.
Evaluation of Organometallic Compounds for Gamma Detection in Plastic Scintillators

A series of copolymer of vinyl toluene containing various organometallic compounds have recently been synthesized. By taking advantage of the weak fluorescent characteristics of the organometallic compounds and the better understanding of the energy transfer and quenching process (J. Phys. Chem. 68:300 (1964)), it is possible to prepare organometallic scintillation plastics that may be useful for gamma detection. A 20% triphenyltinstyrene and vinyl toluene copolymer containing 3% PBD and 0.05% POPOP have now been evaluated at the Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operation Office. The sample size was only 1 ?" by 1" thick cylinder. In general, the pulse height is 45-50% of that observed from anthracene, and the cross section is still less than that observed for sodium iodide. However, the photopeaks are definitely resolvable when evaluated for Mercury-203, Cadmium-109, and Cesium-137. In the last case, the energy resolution for 662 MeV photons lies between 16-19%.
Auctions of Shares

Unit and share auctions, 675.—Formulation, 676.—No proprietary information, 677.—Proprietary information, 680.—Discriminatory pricing, 686.—Vickrey auctions, 687.—Conclusion, 688.
What drove changes in the use of breast conserving surgery since the early 1980s? The role of the clinical trial, celebrity action and an NIH consensus statement.

Background.Three important events in the history of breast cancer treatment occurred between 1983 and 1995: a large clinical trial, first lady Nancy Reagan's choice of mastectomy and the publishing of an NIH consensus statement.
Parental Divorce and Family Functioning: Effects on Differentiation Levels of Young Adults.

This study examined the effect of parental divorce and various dimensions of functioning in the family of origin on young adult development. A total of 813 participants completed the Self-Report Fa...
Improved methanol yield from methane oxidation in a non-isothermal reactor

Abstract Partial oxidation of methane to methanol was carried out homogeneously in a non-isothermal reactor that contained a non-permselective membrane. A tubular reactor was used with a smaller-diameter tubular membrane of 5 nm pore diameter alumina or 0.5 μm pore diameter metal. The membrane provided a uniform flow distribution and separated the hot reactor wall from a cooling tube located in the centre of the reactor. The cold region in the reactor rapidly quenched further reaction. The selectivity for CH3OH formation at 4.6% conversion increased from 34 to 52% when quenching was used. The highest yield (selectivity times conversion) obtained was 3.8% at 55 MPa and 800 K. Methanol selectivity increased with increasing pressure and decreased with increasing temperature, residence time and O2 concentration. The combined selectivity to partial oxidation products (CO, CH3OH, CH2O) was almost constant at 86%.
Which Children Should Attend Sight-Saving Classes?

For those whose defects are stationary, the range of vision should ordinarily lie between 2/SO and 1/4, with a few exceptions up to 1/3 and down to 1/50. Most cases of refractive error are to be considered purely according to their range of vision. Those who have myopia of more than eight diopters at the time of commencing school life should be included, but need to attend the special classes only for departments of study that particularly tax their visual acuity. Children who suffer from asthenopia but have good visual acuity should be under medical care, but should not be placed in sight-saving classes. The address was delivered before the fifty-first meeting of the Rhenish and Westphalian Ophthalmologists, Diisseldorf, Germany, November-27, 1927; and the translation is now published by request of the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness.
Sucralfate on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Normal Volunteers

Sucralfate is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of peptic ulcer disease. One possible mechanism of action is the binding of bile acids. Because the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol is dependent on the presence of bile acids in the small intestines, sucralfate therapy may produce changes in serum lipoprotein composition qualitatively similar to bile acid sequestrants, such as cholestyramine, which reduce serum cholesterol levels. Although changes in total serum cholesterol have not been reported in sucralfate efficacy studies, the effect of sucralfate on serum lipoprotein composition has not been specifically addressed. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the effect of sucralfate on serum lipids and lipoproteins in normal volunteers. Eight healthy volunteers (six men, two women) were recruited for this 10-week study. Drugs known to affect cholesterol levels were not permitted before or during the study. Diet composition during the study period was unaltered from before the study. Subjects took 1 g sucralfate orally 1 hour before meals and at bedtime (four times a day) for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and weekly, and were analyzed for serum total and HDL cholesterol and for triglycerides. Levels of LDL cholesterol were estimated. After eight weeks of sucralfate, HDL cholesterol increased from baseline by 2.5 mg/dL (6.6%, from 37.6 ± 9.5 to 40.1 ± 8.69 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol decreased by 7.6 mg/dL (6.4%, from 134 ± 28.1 to 125.4 ± 34.1). Total cholesterol decreased by 3.5 mg/dL (1.8%, from 192.9 ± 34.3 to 189.4 ± 37.2 mg/dL). All cholesterol levels were higher at week 10 than at baseline. These changes were not statistically significant, possibly because of the small sample size and high dietary fat intake in this study. However, the changes in total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol would be clinically significant. Based on these findings, sucralfate should be studied in a larger cohort of hypercholesterolemic patients.
Inhibition and substrate specificity of yeast Δ22-desanturase

Summary Using yeast microsomes, 23-hydroxysterols were tested as intermediates in the formation of the sterol side Δ 22 -double bond. No evidence could be found supporting a two-stage mechamism of desaturation via hydroxylation and dehydration. Sterols with various side chains were tested as substrates. Those with alkyl substituents in the 24-α position were poor substrates. A series of sterols, including cyclopropyl sterols, were tested as mechanism-based inhibitors without success. Inhibition was observed with an isocyano-sterol.
Keynote address: Developing a testbed for the smart grid

Changes taking place in one of the largest and most complex cyber-physical systems out there, the Electric Power Grid are posing interesting challenges. Legacy systems utilizing ancient technology are coupled with cutting-edge implementations for the new smart grid. Smart Metering, Smart Sensors like Phasor Measurement Units, Pluggable Hybrids, Renewable Energy Resources, and increasing interaction between the consumers and the suppliers of the electricity are examples of the evolutions that are posing challenges. With the world rapidly progressing towards a smarter grid, those challenges must be overcome and done so in a manner that provides confidence in their deployment. This talk will examine some of the above challenges in this space and how effective solutions that address those challenges are being designed and evaluated through a testbed as part of the DOE/DHS sponsored Trustworthy Cyber Infrastructure for the Power Grid (TCIPG) Center. Material covered will include setting up the testbed, various hardware and software utilized, unique issues presented, experiences, and lessons learned. The talk will conclude by providing some open issues and suggestions for future direction of research.
Studies of the Zeeman Effect Using Strong Pulsed Magnetic Fields

Pulsed magnetic fields of ∼270 kG which are repeatable to <1% from pulse to pulse have been used to produce the Zeeman effect in a number of electronic transitions for O ii, O iii, Si i, Si iii, Si iv, Cu ii, C i, C iii, Ca ii, Mg i, Mg ii, and B i. The reliability of the method has been checked by comparison of the resulting experimental g values both with theoretical Lande g factors and, when data exist, with earlier Zeeman work performed using conventional field strengths (∼25 kG). A total of 109 previously unpublished g values are reported, with the listings for the above, oxygen and silicon species being the more complete. The over-all uncertainty in the reported g values is believed to be in the range 1%–3%. While the magnet has been used above 400 kG in other experiments, assymetries were becoming apparent below 300 kG. Therefore, data for this work was restricted to 270 kG where strong LS coupling was observed to hold with few exceptions (primarily 3d terms of O ii). It is believed the method described should be of most utility in the determination of atomic transition types from their characteristic Zeeman patterns.
Insulin Receptor-mediated p62dok Tyrosine Phosphorylation at Residues 362 and 398 Plays Distinct Roles for Binding GTPase-activating Protein and Nck and Is Essential for Inhibiting Insulin-stimulated Activation of Ras and Akt

Abstract A GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-associated 60-kDa protein has been found to undergo rapid tyrosine phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation. However, whether this protein is a direct in vivo substrate for the insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase and whether the tyrosine phosphorylation plays a role in insulin signaling remain to be established. Here we show that the insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the GAP-associated protein, now identified as p62dok, is inhibited by Grb10, an adaptor protein that binds directly to the kinase domain of the IR, both in vitro and in cells. Replacing Tyr362 and Tyr398 with phenylalanine greatly decreased the IR-catalyzed p62dok tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro, suggesting that these two residues are the major IR-mediated phosphorylation sites. However, mutations at Tyr362 and Tyr398 only partially blocked insulin-stimulated p62dok tyrosine phosphorylation in cells, indicating that p62dok is also a target for other cellular tyrosine kinase(s) in addition to the IR. Replacing Tyr362 with phenylalanine abolished the interaction between p62dok and Nck. Mutations at Tyr362/398 of p62dok disrupted the interaction between p62dokand GAP and decreased the inhibitory effect of p62dok on the insulin-stimulated activation of Ras and Akt, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of p62dok on Akt phosphorylation could be blocked by coexpression of a constitutively active Ras. Taken together, our findings indicate that p62dok is a direct substrate for the IR tyrosine kinase and that phosphorylation at Tyr362 and Tyr398 plays an essential role for p62dok to interact with its effectors and negatively regulate the insulin signaling pathway.
Regularized Newton method for unconstrained convex optimization

We introduce the regularized Newton method (rnm) for unconstrained convex optimization. For any convex function, with a bounded optimal set, the rnm generates a sequence that converges to the optimal set from any starting point. Moreover the rnm requires neither strong convexity nor smoothness properties in the entire space. If the function is strongly convex and smooth enough in the neighborhood of the solution then the rnm sequence converges to the unique solution with asymptotic quadratic rate. We characterized the neighborhood of the solution where the quadratic rate occurs.
A safety and tolerability laboratory study of the combination of aripiprazole and topiramate in volunteers who drink alcohol.

Objective There are no reports examining the safety of taking both topiramate and aripiprazole together with alcohol. The ultimate aim for this research is to determine whether this combination is safe and is superior to either drug taken alone in reducing alcohol use in alcohol dependent patients. Method This was an open-label trial. Thirteen heavy drinking participants not seeking treatment for alcoholism were randomized. Participants were titrated up to 300 mg of topiramate and 30 mg of aripiprazole a day over 35 days. Participants reported adverse events (AEs) daily alcohol use and participated in an alcohol challenge session (ACS). Results The eight participants who completed the study achieved the maximum doses of drugs. The AEs of the drugs would suggest that the AEs profile is broader but not additive. Alcohol use from the 28 days before screening to the seven days before the ACS was reduced (p = 0.08). Conclusion There was no evidence that AEs of aripiprazole and topiramate are additive and can, therefore, be administered safely together with a modest amount of alcohol. There was also a trend for a reduction of alcohol use by participants. This finding has implications for further investigation of this combination of drugs for alcohol dependence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ELECTRON WAVE FUNCTIONS IN METALLIC LITHIUM

Wave functions to order ${k}^{2}$ are presented for electrons in metallic sodium. The calculation is an application of the cellular method. The empirical potential of Prokofjew was employed.
Effects of Doppler Mismatch on Combined Barker Codes

The output response of a matched filter for several cases of combined Barker codes is computed for various amounts of Doppler mismatch. It is shown that combined Barker codes, like conventional Barker codes, are extremely sensitive to Doppler shift.
HIV sero-discordancy can be predictive of HIV infectiousness in sub-Saharan Africa

Introduction: The majority of the population in reproductive age across sub-Saharan Africa is engaged in stable couples. At least half of the couples affected by HIV are sero-discordant (SDCs), that is couples where one of the partners is HIV infected while the other is not, with potential for HIV within-couple transmission. Countries of sub-Saharan Africa are characterized by varying levels of HIV sero-discordancy. HIV infectiousness also appears to vary across the continent. Understanding the link between the levels of HIV sero-discordancy and HIV infectiousness is important for understanding HIV epidemiology and informing HIV prevention efforts. Methods: We constructed a mathematical model that describes HIV transmission dynamics among a nationally-representative cohort of the population in reproductive age in 23 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of the model is to understand analytically the link between HIV sero-discordancy and HIV infectiousness. HIV sero-discordancy was defined as the proportion of SDCs out of all stable couples affected by HIV (Pdiscord) in the population. The model was parameterized using nationally-representative empirical epidemiological and demographic measures derived from the Demographic and Health Survey data for each of the analyzed countries, along with state-of-the art empirical data for HIV natural history. Sensitivity analyses were also incorporated. Results: Our results revealed a strong functional dependence of HIV infectiousness on HIV sero-discordancy. The risk of HIV transmission among SDCs decreased following a non-linear pattern as Pdiscord increased. The non-linear relationship was characterized by a sharp decrease in HIV infectiousness as Pdiscord increased from zero up to nearly 50%. A transitional region followed where the dependence of HIV infectiousness on Pdiscord stabilized. Eventually, HIV infectiousness was slowly varying, with values of Pdiscord exceeding 50% not leading to major declines in infectiousness. Countries of sub-Saharan Africa clustered either in the transitional region around Pdiscord of 50% or in the asymptotic region well above Pdiscord of 50%. We did not identify any country in the highly non-linear region of Pdiscord well below 50%. Our sensitivity analyses with respect to other parameters in the model affirmed these findings. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the observed levels of HIV sero-discordancy across the African continent can be predictive of HIV infectiousness among stable couples, and suggest that countries fall into two HIV infectiousness domains of high and low infectiousness. Mapping HIV sero-discordancy can inform HIV prevention programs on "hotspot" areas of potentially higher HIV infectiousness.
Silicon‐Nitrogen Heterocycles

Great progress has recently been made in the chemistry of the silicon-nitrogen bond1122334455 . Whereas attention was formerly concentrated on open-chain silazanes and silylamines, growing interest is now being shown in the cyclic SiN compounds. A major factor which has contributed to the rapid development in this field is the need for better polymers and liquids for use above 350 °C66 . The present article deals with monomeric cyclic compounds containing at least one silicon-nitrogen bond in the ring, as well as the polycyclic compounds derived from these.
It's more than just use: An exploration of telemedicine use quality

"Simply saying that more use will yield more benefits without considering the nature of this use (and context) is clearly insufficient" [W.H. DeLone, E.R. McLean, The DeLone and McLean model of information system success: a ten-year update, Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (4) (2003) 9-30, p. 16]. Our research specifies the use quality construct in the context of a mission critical system deployment-namely, the use of medical video conferencing for patient exams. The product of this field study is a socio-technical framework for use quality in telemedicine service encounters. We also propose generalized categories (which may extend across domains) for identified attributes, provide a comparative overview of patient and provider perspectives, and discuss the effects of and remedies for selected attribute deficiencies.
Time-sequenced and spectrally filtered Rayleigh imaging of shock wave and boundary layer structure for inlet characterization

Multiple pulsed Rayleigh imaging and filtered Rayleigh scattering are used to generate images of a complex boundary layer structure, shock wave/boundary layer interactions, and crossing shock waves. Time-sequenced Rayleigh images taken with a visible, double-pulsed laser system show the evolution of boundary layer structure of the internal flow in a generic cross-shock inlet. The images taken in the inlet give insight into 3D effects caused by the inlet geometry and may be used for modeling the complex flows.
The effects of isoproterenol on taurine concentration in the rat heart

Abstract Administration of the β-agonist isoproterenol to rats caused a sharp increase in the influx rate of taurine into the heart, but had no effect on the rate of biosynthesis of taurine in the heart. Influx rates of other amino acids were also stimulated, the distribution ratios, (dpm/g heart)/(dpm/ml plasma), of β-amino acids being 3–4 times higher than α-amino acids. The doses of isoproterenol employed induced cardiac hypertrophy, but the stimulation of taurine influx appeared to be an independent phenomenon, in that near maximum stimulation of influx was achieved prior to stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity. Reserpine treatment also produced stimulation of taurine influx with no effect on biosynthesis. These results indicate a close connection between increased sympathomimetic activity and increased influx of amino acids.
The Evolution of Interference: Reduction of Recombination among Three Loci

Abstract Crossover events along chromosomes do not occur independently, but influence the probably of other nearby events. The most common interaction between nearby crossover events is inhibitory: a crossover event tends to reduce the probability of other such events nearby, and this is called positive interference. A crossover event may increase the probability of events nearby, and this rare phenomenon is called negative interference. In this paper, we use numerical methods to investigate how interference among three loci would evolve if it were under the genetic control of a fourth, selectively neutral locus. We first discuss the effect of interference on the overall rate of recombination among the three loci, and then show that, under a variety of conditions, interference evolves in the same way as would be predicted based upon its effect on the overall rate of recombination. That is, the overall rate evolves in the same direction as would the rate at a locus that controls recombinalion between two loci directly. We then check for the existence of viability-analogous Hardy-Weinberg equilibria in the four-locus model of interference modification.
HYPERBRANCHED POLYESTER WITH MIXED METHACRYLOYL ANDALIPHATIC ESTER TERMINAL GROUPS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATION IN DENTAL RESTORATIVE FORMULATIONS

ABSTRACT Boltron H30 is a polyester polyol with a dendritic structure, developed by Perstop Corp. Complete methacrylated H30 oligomers were obtained by using three different reaction routes, i.e., treatment of H30 with methacrylic anhydride, methacryloyl chloride and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM). The viscosities of the three H30 hyperbranched materials at 45°C were 22.4, 23.5, and 42.8 Poise, respectively, compared to commonly used BisGMA having a viscosity of 33.5 Poise at 45°C. All three completely methacrylated H30 materials were combined with TEGDMA (50/50, wt/wt) to formulate visible light-curable (VLC) neat resins. The experimental VLC resins exhibited significant reduction of polymerization shrinkage and higher C˭C double bond conversion, compared to the VLC BisGMA/TEGDMA (50/50, wt/wt) control. The three new resins, with the exception of the H30-IEM based formulation, have mechanical properties comparable to a BisGMA/TEGDMA control. But, the VLC H30-IEM based resin exhibited higher compres...
What is a radiologist? A "day of imaging" can provide much needed public information.

Afin de mieux cerner le role du radiologiste face au public les membres de la commission de la RSNA demandent qu'on leur fournisse des renseignements sur la vie professionnelle d'une journee d'imagerie
Inhibition of Ca++-ATPase of rat erythrocyte membranes by k-opioid agonists

The effect of various opioid agonists on Ca++, Mg++-ATPase activity of rat erythrocyte membranes was studied. The Ca++-stimulated component of this enzyme (Ca++-ATPase) showed properties similar to those of the Ca++-pumping ATPase of human erythrocyte membranes, that is, high affinity for Ca++, potentiation by calmodulin, and insensitiveness to Na+. Ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) dose-dependently inhibited this Ca++-ATPase activity at a concentration less than one nM without changing basal Mg++-ATPase activity and this action was reversed by the antagonist Win 44,441. Other opioid agonists mimicked this EKC effect and the rank order of potency was dynorphin (1-13) = greater than EKC greater than levorphanol = morphine = B-endorphin = dihydromorphine greater than leu-enkephalin greater than (D-Ala)2-(D-leu)5-enkephalin (DADL) = morphiceptin. It is concluded that rat erythrocyte membranes possess k-type opioid receptors through which the Ca++-pump is inhibited.
Landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) in Northern Malawi. II. Generation and maintenance of variability

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) landraces in northern Malawi were found to be heterogeneous for many qualitative and quantitative traits. An earlier 21- character evaluation of 25 lines in 15 landraces found significant differences in all characters among lines and among landraces. The present study has concentrated on two factors that are likely to be involved in the generation and maintenance of this heterogeneity: seed- handling practices and natural outcrossing. Seed- handling practices during harvest, storage, and marketing at the village, local market, and national levels were found to result in physical and usually nonselective mixing of many seed types. Experiments determined that outcrossing does occur at a low level among beans in Malawi and can result in the generation of many new seed phenotypes. A scenario was developed integrating seed- handling practices and outcrossing that lays a foundation for understanding the generation and maintenance of variability in these bean landraces. The process whereby landrace heterogeneity arises and the ways it is maintained, if understood, should assist plant breeders in the development of improved germplasm for subsistence farmers.
Simplified Spelling and the Cult of Efficiency in the “Progressiv” Era

At the height of the Progressive Era, a small circle of scholars and educators launched a zealous but failed effort to reform American spelling. Bankrolled by Andrew Carnegie, the Simplified Spelling movement epitomized the era's much-chronicled passion for “efficiency”: By replacing words like through and although with thru and altho , the simplifiers said, citizens would save both time and money. Yet the rapid demise of the campaign also highlights the limits of America's efficiency craze, even during its supposed heyday. Although some critics invoked the efficiency idiom against Simplified Spelling, questioning its utility and practicality, others denounced efficiency itself. Even if simplification made spelling more efficient, they said, Americans should retain their older forms in the name of higher values: beauty, habit, and tradition. Their rejection of Simplified Spelling stood as a standing rebuke to the gospel of efficiency, which never quite gained the full-throated worship that its high priests imagined.