cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tectonically controlled subglacial lakes on the flanks of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, East Antarctica

[1] The morphology of surface lakes strongly influences their ecology and limnology (Wetzel, 2001). This morphology is a result of both the geologic processes that produce topographic basins and the regional climatic and local hydrologic processes that control water depth and sediment infilling (Carroll and Bohacs, 1999). Although basin forming processes range from glacial scour to meteorite impacts (Cohen, 2003), the deepest, oldest surface lakes are tectonically controlled (Meybeck, 1995) and contain diverse exotic ecosystems (Rossiterm and Kawanabe, 2000). Subglacial lakes are also thought to be ancient systems that may contain exotic biota (Bulat et al., 2004; Karl et al., 1999; Priscu et al., 1999). Here we present evidence for the scale and configuration of 2 large subglacial lakes in East Antarctica that together with Lake Vostok define a province of major lakes on the flanks of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains. Spatially-defined in the new Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery of Antarctica (T. Scambos et al., A MODIS-based mosaic of Antarctica: MOA, submitted to Remote Sensing of Environment, 2005, hereinafter referred to as Scambos et al., submitted manuscript, 2005), these lakes are aligned parallel to Lake Vostok. Other data shows that they are distinguished by distinct gravity lows, flat ice surface slopes and have estimated water depths of at least 900 m. Surface elevation data indicates that large deep subglacial lakes have a profound influence on the regional ice sheet topography and probably ice sheet flow. These deep subglacial lakes with elongate, rectilinear morphology are tectonically controlled features. Unlike the shallow lakes in West Antarctica and beneath Dome Concordia, these deep subglacial lakes remained stable environments through many glacial cycles since their origin 10–35 Ma enabling the development of novel ecosystems.
Primer on Medical Genomics Part V: Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is the discipline that develops and applies informatics to the field of molecular biology. Although a comprehensive review of the entire field of bioinformatics is beyond the scope of this article, I review the basic tenets of the field and provide a topical sampling of the popular technologies available to clinicians and researchers. These technologies include tools and methods for sequence analysis (nucleotide and protein sequences), rendering of secondary and tertiary structures for these molecules, and protein fold prediction that can lead to rational drug design. I then discuss signaling pathways, new standards for data representation of genes and proteins, and finally the promise of merging these molecular data with the clinical world (the new science of phenomics).
Analysis of a deferred and incremental update strategy for secondary indexes

Abstract Many relational database systems use secondary indexes to reduce the access cost of retrieving data in response to a user's query. However, a secondary index incurs an additional cost due to the update maintenance of the index. In some cases, this cost may be greater than the cost to update the desired tuples. This paper examines a deferred index update strategy which does an incremental update of the index. The approach introduced, which uses a differential file, can reduce the cost of updating a secondary index by slightly increasing the cost that will be associated with searching the secondary index. This is true as long as the differential file size does not become too large. As such, a model is presented for solving the distribution of the size of the differential file. The maximum size of the differential file is predicted by interpreting this distribution. In addition, the analytical results are compared with simulation results.
Mapping the Neglected Space Gradients of Detection Revealed by Virtual Reality

Background. Spatial neglect affects perception along different dimensions. However, there is limited availability of 3-dimensional (3D) methods that fully map out a patient's volume of deficit, although this could guide clinical management.. Objective. To test whether patients with neglect exhibit simple contralesional versus complex perceptual deficits and whether deficits are best described using Cartesian (rectangular) or polar coordinates. Methods. Seventeen right-hemisphere persons with stroke (8 with a history of neglect) and 9 healthy controls were exposed to a 3D virtual environment. Targets placed in a dense array appeared one at a time in various locations. Results. When tested using rectangular array of targets, subjects in the neglect group exhibited complex asymmetries across several dimensions in both reaction time and target detection rates. Paper-and-pencil tests only detected neglect in 4 of 8 of these patients. When tested using polar array of targets, 2 patients who initially appeared to perform poorly in both left and near space only showed a simple left-side asymmetry that depended almost entirely on the angle from the sagittal plane. A third patient exhibited left neglect irrespective of the arrangements of targets used. An idealized model with pure dependence on the polar angle demonstrated how such deficits could be misconstrued as near neglect if one uses a rectangular array. Conclusions. Such deficits may be poorly detected by paper-and-pencil tests and even by computerized tests that use regular screens. Assessments that incorporate 3D arrangements of targets enable precise mapping of deficient areas and detect subtle forms of neglect whose identification may be relevant to treatment strategies.
Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography of east African chimpanzees

Two hundred and sixty eight DNA sequences (hypervariable region 1 of the mitochondrial control region) were obtained from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in 19 natural populations within the range of the easternmost subspecies,P. t. schweinfurthii. Methods of phylogenetic reconstruction were applied at both the haplotype and population levels. Chimpanzee haplotypes do not sort into location-specific clades on any haplotype trees, indicating that the subspecies is free of major phylogeographic subdivisioning. Trees of populations in which geographic structure was imposed on the data lacked phylogenetic resolution in that interpopulational relationships were poorly supported statistically. These results indicate either a near simultaneous origin for the chimpanzee populations sampled, or an obscuring of interpopulational phylogenetic relationships by gene flow. In contrast, area cladograms of the forests from which chimpanzees were sampled (constructed using lists of endemic taxa) were robust and statistically well-supported. Chimpanzee population history is apparently decoupled from the history of the forests which the populations inhabit. Eastern chimpanzee data are also used to draw phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary comparisons to humans.
Vascular smooth muscle insulin resistance, but not hypertrophic signaling, is independent of angiotensin II-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation by JNK

Angiotensin II (ANG II) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic micro- and macrovascular disease. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), ANG II phosphorylates and degrades insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). While the pathway responsible for IRS-1 degradation in this system is unknown, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) has been linked with serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and insulin resistance. We investigated the role of JNK in ANG II-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation, degradation, Akt activation, glucose uptake, and hypertrophic signaling, focusing on three IRS-1 phosphorylation sites: Ser302, Ser307, and Ser632. Maximal IRS-1 phosphorylation on Ser632 occurred at 5 min, on Ser307 at 30 min, and on Ser302 at 60 min. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 reduced ANG II-induced IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation (by 80%), IRS-1 Ser302 phosphorylation (by 70%), and IRS-1 Ser632 phosphorylation (by 50%). However, JNK inhibition had no effect on ANG II-mediated IRS-1 degradation, nor did it reverse the ANG II-induced decrease in Akt phosphorylation or glucose uptake. Transfection of VSMCs with mutants S307A, S302A, or S632A of IRS-1 did not block ANG II-mediated IRS-1 degradation. In contrast, JNK inhibition attenuated insulin-induced upregulation of collagen and smooth muscle α-actin in ANG II-pretreated cells. We conclude that phosphorylation of Ser307, Ser302, and Ser632 of IRS-1 is not involved in ANG II-mediated IRS-1 degradation, and that JNK alone does not mediate ANG II-stimulated IRS-1 degradation, but rather is responsible for the hypertrophic effects of insulin on smooth muscle.
Genetic algorithm approach to image segmentation using morphological operations

This paper presents an approach for image segmentation using genetic algorithms (GA) in conjunction with morphological operations. The GA starts with a population of solutions, initialized randomly, to represent possible segmentations of the image. The solutions are evaluated using an appropriate fitness function and the fittest candidates are selected to be parents for producing offsprings that form the next generation. Morphological operations are applied in the reproduction step of the GA to exploit a priori image information. Over several generations, populations evolve to yield the optimal results. The feasibility of applying genetic algorithms to image segmentation is investigated and initial results of segmentation of noisy images are presented.
The role of the GABAB receptor and calcium channels in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's Disease

Abstract Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster carrying the human gene for alpha synuclein is an animal model for the study of Parkinson's Disease. Climbing activity in these flies is reduced as a result of the effect of this protein on the locomotor activity of the transgenic fly. l -DOPA and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) reverse the loss of this activity when placed in the food fed to these flies. While muscimol, a GABA A receptor agonist has no effect in this system, baclofen and the allosteric agonists CG 7930 and GS 39783 which affect the GABA B receptor reverse this activity. This latter effect is eliminated when these compounds are fed in conjunction with the GABA B receptor antagonist 2-hydroxysaclofen. In addition, fendiline which is a Ca ++ receptor blocker also reverses the loss of climbing ability. Because there is a calcium channel close to the GABA B receptor on the cell surface, these data are indicative of a relationship between the roles of the GABA B receptor, the calcium channel and the effect of alpha-synuclein on the motor activity of the transgenic fly.
Booster seat use in an inner-city day care center population

Objective. To determine use and knowledge of belt positioning booster seats by drivers transporting children from day care centers in the central city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Methods. A prospective, direct observational, community-based, exploratory study was undertaken in May 2005. Eighteen day care centers in urban Milwaukee that met the predetermined criteria, including > 10 children ages 4–8 enrolled, were invited to participate. Volunteer observers, including Spanish-speaking members, from community organizations were trained in proper placement by certified car seat technicians. Teams visited sites, completed a standardized survey form with drivers who agreed to participate, and observed the type and placement of restraint in which each child was placed. Results. Of 841 children observed, 283 were determined to be booster-seat eligible. Only 21% were in the appropriate restraint. Latino, African American, and older children were significantly less likely than white and younger children to be approp...
MIMO antenna system optimization for mobile applications using equivalent infinitesimal dipoles

MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antenna system is a well known technique to increase the channel capacity of wireless communication systems compared to Single-Input Single Output (SISO) systems, with the same bandwidth and power level. The primary requirement in the design of a MIMO system is to minimize the correlation between received signals by different antenna elements using various kinds of diversities. Space diversity, pattern diversity or polarization diversity can be exploited to minimize the correlation between antennas. However, in mobile devices the space available is usually limited. Therefore, it is required to find the optimal locations of the closely spaced antenna elements in order to achieve the maximum channel capacity of the MIMO system. Unfortunately, optimization of a multi element array using a commercial software may be extremely time consuming [1–3].
Regiospecific synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids. Use of arylsilanes in directed pictet-spengler cyclizations

Abstract The trimethylsilyl group has been shown to be effective as an activating group for ipso attack in the Pictet-Spengler reaction to control the regiochemistry in tetrahydroisoquinoline synthesis. In this manner, 2-(2-trimethylsilyl-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine was cyclized and N-methylated to give regiospecifically 8-methoxy-N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline while the non-silylated compound gave only the 6-methoxy isomer.
Viral Pulmonary Disorders in Animals: Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic

Respiratory infections in animal species are as ubiquitous as they are in humans. Species that may be affected include mammals, birds, and reptiles. In these animal species some viruses primarily infect the respiratory tract, while other viruses infect non-respiratory organs. Viruses are generally classified according to the type of their nucleic acid, their protein structure, and whether or not they have a lipid-containing envelope surrounding the viral particle. In general, most viruses gain entry into the lungs via the conducting airways. In nonprimate mammalians these infections are most prominent in the cranioventral lung lobes because of their horizontal position. Table 24.1 lists some of the major viruses that cause pneumonia and other lung diseases in animals.
Compliance to two city convenience store ordinance requirements

Background Robbery-related homicides and assaults are the leading cause of death in retail businesses. Robbery reduction approaches focus on compliance to Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) guidelines. Purpose We evaluated the level of compliance to CPTED guidelines specified by convenience store safety ordinances effective in 2010 in Dallas and Houston, Texas, USA. Methods Convenience stores were defined as businesses less than 10 000 square feet that sell grocery items. Store managers were interviewed for store ordinance requirements from August to November 2011, in a random sample of 594 (289 in Dallas, 305 in Houston) convenience stores that were open before and after the effective dates of their city9s ordinance. Data were collected in 2011 and analysed in 2012–2014. Results Overall, 9% of stores were in full compliance, although 79% reported being registered with the police departments as compliant. Compliance was consistently significantly higher in Dallas than in Houston for many requirements and by store type. Compliance was lower among single owner-operator stores compared with corporate/franchise stores. Compliance to individual requirements was lowest for signage and visibility. Conclusions Full compliance to the required safety measures is consistent with industry ‘best practices’ and evidence-based workplace violence prevention research findings. In Houston and Dallas compliance was higher for some CPTED requirements but not the less costly approaches that are also the more straightforward to adopt.
Distributed intrusion detection system using mobile agents in cloud computing environment

Security has been a major challenge faced by the cloud due to its open and distributed architecture. Intruders can misuse the cloud resources to achieve their malicious goals. In this paper, we propose a unique security scheme "Distributed Intrusion Detection System using Mobile Agents in Cloud Computing (DIDMACC)" to detect the distributed intrusions in cloud. We have used mobile agents to carry intrusion alerts from consumer virtual machines to the management server where correlation takes place. Our system can detect the intrusions on virtual machines, identify the vulnerable ports, and can correlate malicious events to detect distributed intrusions in a cloud based network. Mobile agents are also used to update the signature database at virtual machines being monitored. Mobile agents, being lightweight and flexible software programs, reduce the network load by carrying intrusion-related data and code. DIDMACC provides a scalable and robust intrusion detection system which is a key requirement for cloud networks. We have validated the security of our system using Ptybull 2.0. The results show that use of mobile agents and correlation has improved the detection of DoS attacks. We have also integrated DIDMACC with CloudStack, an open source cloud platform.
Operationalization of SDN: Progress and challenges

Despite market demonstrations, SDN software and standards have signficant gaps that prevent pervasive deployments, especially in the WAN. This presentation presents the state and key challenges that need to be addressed.
Hospice: an organizational systems model for the integration of acute and long-term care.

In recent years, the realization of a need for increased integration of acute care and long-term care (LTC) systems has grown. For the most part, however, a person requiring both types of care is treated as though he or she is two discrete individuals with separate needs. Organizations that have the integration of acute and LTC as a goal serve relatively small numbers of people. Integration efforts could be facilitated through the identification and application of an organizational systems model. Hospice can provide such a model. The hospice interdisciplinary team integrates not only multiple disciplines but also acute care and LTC. The hospice model is also appropriate from a financial standpoint in that Medicare hospice funding has employed a prospective payment system (PPS) since the inception of the Medicare Hospice Benefit. In this article, the application of the hospice model to the integration of the acute care and LTC systems in the U.S. is demonstrated, using a subsystem approach.
Phase II trial of extended indications for resection in small cell carcinoma of the lung

Surgical resection offers distinct theoretical advantages as the “local” modality in treatment of Stage I and II small cell carcinoma of the lung. We have treated 10 such patients by initial resection since 1975; all survivors but one received adjuvant chemotherapy for the full course thereafter. One patient died of a pulmonary embolus; the other nine remain without evidence of disease from 7 to 69 months after resection. A trial was undertaken of extended indications for resection in selected patients with Stage III-MO*** disease. Criteria for patient selection have been developed gradually; these exclude patients for reasons of refusal, physiological inadequacy, disease unsuited to gross total eradication, or lack of adequate initial response to chemotherapy. Of six patients who survived the exclusion criteria and underwent resection, one has had a relapse at 26 months. All others remain without evidence of disease, 5 to 25 months after the start of treatment. We believe that systematic patient selection on the basis of defined criteria will identify a subset of patients having markedly improved chances for disease control. This group may represent as many as half of the patients first presenting with localized or MO disease. Patients excluded as candidates for resection have continued to receive standard nonsurgical combined-modality therapy.
Inserting rules into recurrent neural networks

The authors present a method that incorporates a priori knowledge in the training of recurrent neural networks. This a priori knowledge can be interpreted as hints about the problem to be learned and these hints are encoded as rules which are then inserted into the neural network. The authors demonstrate the approach by training recurrent neural networks with inserted rules to learn to recognize regular languages from grammatical string examples. Because the recurrent networks have second-order connections, rule-insertion is a straightforward mapping of rules into weights and neurons. Simulations show that training recurrent networks with different amounts of partial knowledge to recognize simple grammers improves the training times by orders of magnitude, even when only a small fraction of all transitions are inserted as rules. In addition, there appears to be no loss in generalization performance. >
Kruppel-Like Factor 10 (KLF10)-Deficient Mice Have Marked Defects In EPC Differentiation, Function, and Angiogenesis

Abstract Abstract 4314 Background: Emerging evidence demonstrates that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may originate from the bone marrow and are capable of being recruited to sites of ischemic injury and contribute to neovascularization. However, the identities of these bone marrow cells and the signaling pathways that regulate their differentiation into functional EPCs remain poorly understood. Methods and Results: We previously identified that among hematopoietic progenitor stem cells, common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs) can preferentially differentiate into EPCs and possess high angiogenic activity under ischemic conditions compared to megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). Herein, we identify that a TGF-β1-responsive Kruppel-like Factor, KLF10, is robustly expressed in EPCs derived from CMPs and GMPs, compared to progenitors lacking EPC markers. KLF10–/– mice have marked defects in circulating EPCs (–23.6% vs. WT, P Background: Collectively, these observations identify that TGF-β1 signaling and KLF10 are part of a key signaling pathway that regulates EPC differentiation from CMPs and GMPs and may provide a therapeutic target during cardiovascular ischemic states. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Introducing story sampling: Preliminary results of a new interactive narrative evaluation technique.

The non-linear nature of interactive narratives makes it difficult for authors of these systems to anticipate how players will interact with them. This paper presents the technique of story sampling for assisting in the authoring and evaluation of interactive narratives. An example of a potential application of story sampling is presented using data from the interactive narrative Prom Week, and authoring insights gained from this analysis are shared.
Striatal Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Availability Varies Across Smoking Status

To assess how tobacco smoking status affects baseline dopamine D2/D3 (D2R) receptor availability and methylphenidate-induced dopamine (DA) release, we retrospectively analyzed D2R availability measures of 8 current smokers, 10 ex-smokers, and 18 nonsmokers who were scanned with positron emission tomography and [11C]raclopride, after administration of an injection of placebo or 0.5 mg/kg i.v. methylphenidate. There was a significant effect of smoking status on baseline striatal D2R availability; with current smokers showing lower striatal D2R availability compared with nonsmokers (caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum) and with ex-smokers (caudate and putamen). Baseline striatal D2R did not differ between nonsmokers and ex-smokers. The effect of smoking status on methylphenidate-induced DA release tended to be lower in smokers but the difference was not significant (p=0.08). For behavioral measures, current smokers showed significantly higher aggression scores compared with both nonsmokers and ex-smokers. These results suggest that with abstinence ex-smokers may recover from low striatal D2R availability and from increased behavioral aggression seen in active smokers. However, longitudinal studies are needed to assess this within abstaining smokers.
DEET Repels Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Adults in Laboratory Bioassays

The potential of least-toxic compounds to repel adults of the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was explored. Bioassays in olfactometers and Pe...
Cerebrospinal fluid total protein in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationship between CSF total protein concentration (CSF protein) and CSF opening pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and to explore the association of age, gender, race, BMI, and Humphrey visual field mean deviation (HVF MD) with CSF total protein. Methods The medical records of all IIH patients seen between 1989 and 2016 at one institution were systematically reviewed for demographics, CSF opening pressure, CSF contents, and HVF MD (at initial evaluation and most recent follow-up). Linear regression of CSF protein on CSF opening pressure was performed also considering BMI, age, gender, race, HVF MD, and year of lumbar puncture. Results We included 266 IIH patients (13 pre-pubertal children, 35 post-pubertal children, 218 adults). There was a negative linear association between CSF opening pressure and CSF protein: CSF protein decreased by 0.18 mg/dL for each 1 cm H2O increase in CSF opening pressure (p Conclusions There was a negative association between CSF protein and CSF opening pressure. After controlling for CSF opening pressure, CSF protein was higher in white patients and unaffected by age, gender, or BMI. Our findings help clarify inconsistent results of prior studies, but do not really help clarify IIH pathophysiology.
Acquiring Online Management Reports: An Editorial Introduction

(2000). Acquiring Online Management Reports. The Acquisitions Librarian: Vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 1-4.
Camptocormia with Anti Ku antibodies in Inclusion Body Myositis (P2.112)

Objective: We present a case camptocormia secondary to scleroderma with anti Ku antibodies with simultaneous inclusion body myositis(IBM) not previously reported in the literature. Background: Camptocormia is a disabling pathological, forward bending of the trunk that corrects with lying down. There are several etiologies of camptocormia, primary PD, dystonia, polymyositis, and facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy. Anti –ku antibodies are typically associated with large panel of connective tissue diseases including scleroderma with one manifestation being camptocormia. Design/Methods: The patient is a 74-year-old right handed female with past medical history of positive ANA presented with a head drop as well as trouble going up and down stairs. Physical exam confirm camptocormia with neck extensor weakness as well as the proximal bilateral lower extremities. The differential was a myogenic vs neuromuscular junction etiology. Results: EMG showed electrodiagnostic evidence of a generalized myopathic process with fibrillation potentials. She had a muscle biopsy performed which showed inflammatory myopathy with moderate myofiber atrophy and rimmed vacuoles, consistent with IBM. We were suspicious that the neck flexor weakness may have been secondary to an alternate process as that finding would be very atypical for IBM. Further autoimmune and paraneoplastic studies were obtained were positive for anti Ku antibodies and anticardiolipin antibodies, which is associated scleroderma with camptocormia and Lupus respectively. Conclusions: This case shows the first published case anti – ku antibodies present in IBM in association scleroderma with camptocormia. The definitive pathology and presentation were classic for IBM with exception of the camptocormia but does fit in scleroderma with anti-ku antibodies. Given the autoimmune component of her disease, patient was started on immunosuppressive medication which stabilized her physical exam. Disclosure: Dr. Jens has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kovacik Eicher has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kaur has nothing to disclose.
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease Presenting as a Pericardial Mass and Constrictive Pericarditis

Abstract Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare, idiopathic disorder of histiocyte proliferation. We describe a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with heart failure symptoms from a large pericardial mass causing constrictive pericarditis. Pathologic findings including immunohistochemistry suggested the diagnosis. She was treated with corticosteroids and improved clinically. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
High resolution depth and area measurements of low velocity impact damage in carbon fiber laminates via an ultrasonic technique

Abstract This research presents a method using high frequency ultrasonics to quantify the location, extent, and depth of damage in a carbon fiber laminated composite subjected to a low velocity impact (LVI) producing a Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) zone. Carbon fiber laminated composites are used extensively in a wide variety of industries from aerospace to athletic gear. Laminated composites provide a favorable strength to weight ratio but due to their layered structure an interior lamina can be damaged with little to no externally observed damage. This paper analyzes four in-house fabricated carbon fiber laminated composites with a custom high-resolution ultrasonic immersion C-scan system, that have been subjected to increasing levels of low velocity impacts (LVI's) to produce Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID). Two mathematical techniques are used in analyzing C-scan data to obtain high image contrast and an unbiased ply-by-ply technique is used to create internal 3D profiles of laminate damage due to LVI's. These regions of damage are substantially larger than anticipated based off of surface profile measurements, thus significantly underestimating the reduction in the load carrying capacity of the damaged system. Finite element results of the reduction in load carrying capacity of simple plaques with a damage region obtained exclusively from surface observations of the damage zone indicate in each scenario investigated a reduction of 55–60% in load carrying capacity. Conversely, studies using the actual 3D damage zone from ultrasonic measurements indicate reduction in overall load carrying capacity for the same plaques a 65–75% reduction from that of the undamaged composite.
The Supply Chain Resources in Job Performance on Hospitality and Tourism Sector

Using 110 respondent’s hospitality and tourism service employees as the sample in Berastagi hospitality and tourism area in Karo Regency, North Sumatera. Data which is obtained were analyzed by using “analysis of the path”. The result of research is: the impact direct of discipline and significant on job satisfaction, discipline has an the impact direct on job performance, job promotion has an the impact direct on job performance, job satisfaction has an the impact direct on job performance, discipline has an the impact direct on job performance without through job satisfaction, and job promotion not has an the impact direct on job performance through job satisfaction, and job promotion not has an the impact direct on job performance through job satisfaction for hospitality and tourism service employees in Berastagi hospitality and tourism area in Karo Regency, North Sumatera.
Effect of pressure pump on femoral venous blood flow of parturient after caesarean section

Objective To investigate the effect of pressure pump on femoral venous blood flow of parturient after caesarean section,and provide new methods of promoting lower limbs venous reflux for parturient in bed after caesarean section.Methods A total of 120 patients were divided into two groups,60 cases were in experimental group and 60 cases in control group.The speeds of femoral venous blood flow at different time were measured by Doppler ultrasound examination.Results In two groups,after operation,the speed of FVBF was significantly decreased compared to that of before operation (P ＜ 0.05 ).Lower limb exercises for 2 to 4 minutes markedly increased FVBF ( P ＜ 0.05).Under two groups of patients'exercises various points in time FVBF to move obviously sped up ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; There were no changes in the parameters of heart rate and blood pressure.Conclusions Pressure pump therapy apparatus and lower limb exercise can markedly increase FVBF (P ＜ 0.05),moreover has certain security. Key words: Pressure pump therapy apparatus; Caesarean section; Femoral venous blood flow
Association of Cancer with Risk and Mortality of COVID-19: Results from the UK Biobank

Abstract Although cancer has been associated with COVID-19 risk and mortality in hospital-based studies, few population-based studies have been reported. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank (UKB), a population-based prospective cohort, we formally tested the association of over 44 different types of cancer with COVID-19 infection and mortality among 7,661 subjects who were tested by June 17, 2020. Compared to non-cancer subjects, cancer subjects (N=1,521) had significantly lower overall risk for COVID-19 infection [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79 (0.68-0.92), P=2.60E-03]. However, a trend of higher risk for COVID-19 mortality was found among 256 COVID-19 positive cancer patients, especially for hematologic cancers such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma [3.82 (1.17-12.01), P=0.02]. In cancer patients, while few demographic, lifestyle, genetic and comorbidity factors predicted risk for COVID-19 infection, older age, male sex, heart disease and hypertension significantly predicted COVID-19 mortality. The lower risk for COVID-19 infection is likely due to extra caution in COVID-19 prevention and more testing among cancer patients, an encouraging finding that demonstrates the feasibility of intervention. These results, if confirmed in future releases of UKB data and other independent populations, may provide guidance for COVID-19 prevention and treatment among cancer patients.
Regional variation in green-up timing along a caribou migratory corridor: Spatial associations with snowmelt and temperature

Spring green-up in arctic and alpine systems is predominantly controlled by temperature and snowmelt timing preceding and during the growing season. Variation in the timing of green-up across space...
Brevibacteria Tibial Osteomyelitis

Abstract Brevibacteria are Gram-positive rods found in human skin flora and dairy products. Although generally not considered human pathogens, case reports have implicated Brevibacterium species as rare causes of bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, and osteomyelitis. We report a case of Brevibacterium tibial osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent individual with implanted hardware and highlight the challenge of identifying the organism and recognizing it as a potential pathogen.
Leukocyte Transcriptome Indicators of Development of Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

After kidney transplantation, infection and death are important clinical complications, especially for the growing numbers of older patients with limited resilience to withstand adverse events. Evaluation of changes in gene expression in immune cells can reveal the underlying mechanisms behind vulnerability to infection. A cohort of 60 kidney transplant recipients was evaluated. Gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells 3 months after kidney transplantation was analyzed to compare differences between patients with infection and those who were infection-free in the first-year post-transplant. Pro-inflammatory genes such as IL1B, CCL4, and TNF were found to be downregulated in post-transplant PBMC from patients who developed infection. In contrast, genes involved in metabolism, HLA genes, and transcripts involved in type I interferon innate antiviral responses were found to be upregulated. Promoter-based bioinformatic analyses implicated increased activity of interferon regulatory factors, erythroid nuclear factor (E2), and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) in patients who developed infections. Differential patterns of gene expression were observed in patients who developed infection after kidney transplantation, with patterns distinct from changes associated with patient age, suggesting possible mechanisms behind vulnerability to infection. Assessment of gene expression in blood may offer an approach for patient risk stratification and monitoring after transplantation.
Logistic analysis of responses to the 2018 survey of AABP members about gender bias

In 2018, a survey regarding member perceptions related to gender bias encountered in clinical practice settings was made available to the members of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. The definition of gender bias included with the survey was “when a member of 1 gender is advantaged or disadvantaged for the reason of their gender”.
The usefulness of accounting estimates for predicting cash flows and earnings

Accounting estimates and projections potentially improve the relevance of financial information by providing managers a venue to convey to investors forward-looking, inside information. The quality of financial information is, however, compromised by the increasing difficulty of making reliable estimates and forecasts and the frequent managerial misuse of estimates. Given the ever-increasing prevalence of estimates in accounting data, particularly due to the move to fair value accounting, whether these opposing forces result in an improvement in the quality of financial information is among the most fundamental issues in accounting. We examine the contribution of accounting estimates embedded in accruals to the quality of financial information, as reflected by their usefulness in the prediction of enterprise cash flows and earnings. Our out-of-sample prediction tests indicate that accounting estimates beyond those in working capital items (excluding inventory) do not improve the prediction of cash flows. Estimates do, however, improve the prediction of next year’s earnings, though not of subsequent years’ earnings. We conclude that the usefulness of accounting estimates to investors is limited and provide suggestions for improving the usefulness of estimates.
Emergence of pediatric rare diseases: Review of present policies and opportunities for improvement

In this article we discuss the steps taken by the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) to meet the health care needs of children with rare diseases and suggest possible directions for future endeavors for further improvement. We reviewed 23 reports and nine legislative documents related to pediatric rare diseases and public policy. We assessed the outcome measures of access and satisfaction with medical services by utilizing the surveys done by the European Organization for Rare Diseases -Eurordis (n = 5,963). Comparable surveys were not available in the US. Our analyses of the existing policies and surveys indicate multiple differences between the US and EU. While the US policies seem to be aimed at disease diagnosis and neonatal screening, EU legislators appear to be focusing on access to existing specialized care. However, both systems have struggled with effectively promoting new treatments. Also, while Eurordis surveys have evaluated areas such as the access to medical services, access to social services and satisfaction with the services received in Europe, there are no comparable surveys in the United States. We conclude that better tools are needed to measure the quality of care, needs-assessment and outcome of pediatric rare diseases in both the EU and US. We suggest a better assessment of areas such as access to primary and specialty care, legal advocacy, comfort-care, end-of-life care, social and financial services, psychological support and quality outcome-measures.
Synthesis of type II interleukin-1 receptors by human corneal epithelial cells but not by keratocytes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes synthesize both the soluble and membrane forms of the type II IL-1 receptor (IL-1RII). METHODS: Primary cell cultures of human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes were established from human corneas. RT-PCR was used to analyze cell cultures for expression of IL-1RII mRNA. The capacity of corneal cells to synthesize membrane-bound IL-1RII was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, whereas ELISA was used to quantitate synthesis of soluble IL-1RII after IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha stimulation. RESULTS: Corneal epithelial cells expressed IL-1RII mRNA. The cells also stained positive for membrane-bound IL-1RII, and media harvested from epithelial cell cultures contained up to 50 pg/ml of soluble IL-1RII. Both IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha significantly enhanced the amounts of soluble IL-1RII released from epithelial cell surfaces. In contrast to epithelial cells, corneal keratocytes did not express IL-1RII mRNA. Membrane-bound IL-1RII was not detected on keratocytes, nor was soluble IL-1RII detected in culture media harvested from these cells. CONCLUSIONS: Human corneal epithelial cells but not corneal keratocytes synthesize both membrane and soluble forms of IL-1RII. Because both forms of IL-1RII can function as IL-1alpha antagonists, the results suggest that human corneal epithelial cells but not corneal keratocytes have evolved the capacity to dampen IL-1alpha responses through the production of IL-1RII.
A putative tumor suppressor role for Wnt-signaling in sarcomagenesis

9507 Background: We sought to elucidate the relationship between the human adult mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC), Wnt signaling and sarcomagenesis. Methods: In vitro hMSC differentiation, microarray g...
Foundations in power systems act as grounding elements

Steel used in concrete foundations acts as a ground electrode as the concrete in soil behaves like a semiconducting medium. In power systems, the steel in the foundations is not insulated from the metallic superstructures, which are grounded through a laid ground conductor. Thus, steel in the foundations becomes part of the grounding system. Results of computations of ground resistance for about 100 different foundations found in power systems are presented. Dimensions of the equivalent vertical cylindrical conductor for various types of foundation are also given and evaluated. The concrete foundations are shown to play an important role in lowering the effective ground resistance of the installed grounding systems. The concrete foundations can carry a substantial amount of leakage and fault currents. Taking into account the ground resistance offered by the foundations in the design of a grounding system should result in a system that is safe and economical. >
Electron-donor—acceptor orbital correlations. V. Cofacial 1:1 complexes of identical and different molecules of D2h symmetry

Abstract A qualitative description of 1:1 cofacial complexes of identical and of different molecules belonging to the D 2h point group is given in terms of the symmetry properties of intermolecular orbitals (IMO) constructed as linear combinations of the two highest bonding and two lowest antibonding π-MOs of each molecular component. The type of correlation (syn or anti) exhibited by these MOs determines the availability of totally symmetric singly excited configurations, adopted as a criterion for the formation of potentially stable ground states by dimers and EDA complexes. The existence of two isomeric excimers (of D 2h and S 4 symmetry) is predicted, in agreement with rules formulated by Azumi and McGlynn, and two exciplex isomers (both of C 2v symmetry) should be expected if the orbitals of different molecular components exhibit exclusive syn correlation. In all other cases, including C 2v donor—acceptor complexes exhibiting anti correlation of MOs, totally symmetric singly excited configurations are available for interaction with the ground state. To distinguish exciplex systems from weak EDA complexes which are completely dissociated at ambient temperature, it is proposed that orbital correlations be examined: these indicate that donors and acceptors with 4 n + 2π-electrons can form exciplexes only if the total number of π-electrons, excluding those in substituent groups, is 4(2 m + 1) where m is an integer.
Handbook of Medical Photography

Handbook of Medical Photography. BY LAWRENCE B. STACK, ALAN B. STORROW, MICHAEL A. MORRIS, AND DAN R. PATTON.
The SPARC Score: A Multifactorial Outcome Prediction Model for Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

Purpose: While multiple independent clinicopathological variables are associated with the outcome of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, limited prediction tools exist to facilitate individualized risk assessment. We developed the SPARC (Survival Prediction After Radical Cystectomy) score, a prediction model for bladder cancer specific survival after radical cystectomy.Materials and Methods: We evaluated 2,403 patients who underwent radical cystectomy without neoadjuvant therapy at our institution between 1980 and 2008 with pathological re-review of all specimens. Of these patients 1,776 with nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma were identified for analysis. A multivariate model was developed using stepwise selection to determine variables associated with cancer specific survival. We created a scoring system based on the β coefficients of this model.Results: Median followup after radical cystectomy in patients alive at last followup was 10.5 years (IQR 7.3, 15.3), during which time 610 had died of bladde...
Nucleoli of the Root Tip and cambium of Pinus Strobus

1. The root tip and cambium of Pinus Strobus were fixed in several different fluids so as to preserve the chromatin, plastin, and mitochondria in the following combinations:-(1) chromatin, plastin, and mitochondria fixed; (2) plastin and mitochondria fixed and chromatin dissolved; (3) chromatin and plastin fixed, mitochondria dissolved; (4) plastin fixed, mitochondria dissolved, chromatin rendered unstainable; (5) chromatin fixed, mitochondria dissolved, plastin ren-dered unstainable. It was thus possible to separate the plastin from the chromatin, chemically, and to follow it through the several mitotic phases unobscured by any other nuclear constituent. It was also possible to distinguish any possible granules of plastin in the cytoplasm from the mitochondria.2. The organization of nucleolar material in both the resting and dividing nucleus of Pinus differs in many important details from that recently described in a number of angiosperms. The resting nucleus of Pinus contains an average of six nucleoli which are in intimate contact with the chromatin threads of the reticulum. On the initiation of karyokinesis, each nucleolus becomes attached to the spireme. The plastin passes into the spireme and is distributed to the daughter cells as a part of the chromosomes. On the reorganization of the daughter nuclei, the plastin is consolidated into the typical nucleoli of the resting cell. Unlike Zea, the Pinus nucleoli do not persist to metaphase, and diserete globules of plastin do not, pass from the equatorial plane to the poles of the spindle. No evidence was found of any fragments of nucleolar material passing out into the cytoplasm.3. Two distinct substances can be observed in the resting nucleoli in living cells. As these substances have a different index of refrac-tion, the nucleoli appear vacuolate. These substances can be separated by fixation in the resting nucleus and in the later telophases. During the other mitotic phases, however, they have not been separated, so that, at present, it is not possible to trace each one individually through the entire cycle of cell division. Neither substance is chromatin.4. The bearing of the activity of plastin during mitosis upon several theories concerning the forces involved in cell division is dis-cussed.The author wishes to express his obligation to Professor I. W. BAILEY for his assistance throughout the course of this investigation and especially for his help in preparing the cambium for cytological investigation. Professor BAILEY's preparation of living cambial tissue made it possible to check the several fixation images wich the struc-tures of untreated cells. The author also wishes to thank Miss ANNA F. FAULL for drawings in Plate 6 and the Text-Figure.