cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the association between the interplanetary magnetic field and substorms

The geomagnetic response to changes in the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has been investigated for 18 IMF events. These events consisted of clear southward shifts of the IMF when the IMF Bz(GSM) component had been northward for more than two hours. It was found that when the IMF thus shifted southward and remained southward for at least two hours, a magnetospheric substorm always ensued. Several properties of this subsequent geomagnetic activity were determined to be associated with IMF parameters. The amplitude of auroral negative bays was confirmed to be a function of the southward IMF flux preceding the onsets. Auroral bay activity was also observed to cease abruptly coincident with permanent northward recoveries in the IMF. Finally, it was observed that many of the ground expansion onsets were associated with either IMF northward fluctuations or partial northward recoveries, which is interpreted as indicative of the existence of a class of IMF-triggered substorms.
SERUM LEVELS OF SHED HER2/NEU PROTEIN IN MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER CORRELATE WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION

ABSTRACTPurpose: We determined the association between serum levels of shed Her-2/neu protein and disease progression in men with prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: Serum from 279 patients enrolled in a prospective serum bank and database at New York University Medical Center was analyzed using the Food and Drug Administration approved Immuno-1™ Her-2/neu assay. Patients were classified by the Prostate-Specific Antigen Working Group model into 5 groups, namely group 1—no evidence of cancer in 60, group 2—clinically localized disease in 67, group 3—prostate specific antigen increasing after therapy and no clinical metastases in 77, group 4—clinical metastases and castration sensitivity in 42, and group 5—clinical metastases and castration resistance in 33. A cutoff of 14 ng/ml for normal serum Her-2/neu was established based on the 95th order statistic in group 1.Results: Of 279 patients 37 (13.3%) had increased serum Her-2/neu, that is 5%, 11.9%, 10.4%, 16.7% and 33.3% in groups 1 to 5, respectively. ...
Modeling Consensus: Classifier Combination for Word Sense Disambiguation

This paper demonstrates the substantial empirical success of classifier combination for the word sense disambiguation task. It investigates more than 10 classifier combination methods, including second order classifier stacking, over 6 major structurally different base classifiers (enhanced Naive Bayes, cosine, Bayes Ratio, decision lists, transformation-based learning and maximum variance boosted mixture models). The paper also includes in-depth performance analysis sensitive to properties of the feature space and component classifiers. When evaluated on the standard SENSEVAL 1 and 2 data sets on 4 languages (English, Spanish, Basque, and Swedish), classifier combination performance exceeds the best published results on these data sets.
Understanding change-proneness in OO software through visualization

During software evolution, adaptive, and corrective maintenance are common reasons for changes. Often such changes cluster around key components. It is therefore important to analyze the frequency of changes to individual classes, but, more importantly, to also identify and show related changes in multiple classes. Frequent changes in clusters of classes may be due to their importance, due to the underlying architecture or due to chronic problems. Knowing where those change-prone clusters are can help focus attention, identify targets for re-engineering and thus provide product-based information to steer maintenance processes. This paper describes a method to identify and visualize classes and class interactions that are the most change-prone. The method was applied to a commercial embedded, real-time software system. It is object-oriented software that was developed using design patterns.
174delG mutation in mouse MFRP causes photoreceptor degeneration and RPE atrophy.

Purpose. The authors have identified a recessive mutation causing progressive retinal degeneration, white fundus flecks, and eventual retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. The goal of these studies was to characterize the retinal phenotype, to identify the causative locus, and to examine possible functions of the affected gene.
Job-related formaldehyde exposure and ALS mortality in the USA

Animal models and in vitro experiments suggest neurotoxic effects of formaldehyde that may be relevant for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Formaldehyde induces neuronal τ protein misfolding and aggregation, leading to neuronal apoptosis. Formaldehyde also increases mitochondrial membrane permeability and causes oxidative damage partly by reducing superoxide dismutase activity, mechanisms implicated in ALS. Studies have had mixed findings regarding formaldehyde exposure and ALS mortality. A large prospective study found an elevated risk that did not quite reach statistical significance, but found a strong dose–response relationship with total years of exposure.1 Two studies found no significant association,1 ,2 although one found a suggestion of elevated risk among the very highly exposed.2 We examine here the association of ALS mortality with job-related formaldehyde exposure in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS), a US-representative cohort with occupation data collected prospectively. The NLMS is a multistage probability sample of the civilian non-institutionalised population (response rate ∼96%). We included the 794 541 men and 674 694 women who were at ages 25+ when surveyed. Participants were asked about their current or most recent job. We used a formaldehyde exposure matrix constructed by industrial hygienists at the National Cancer Institute and previously described.3 Intensity and probability of formaldehyde exposure were calculated for each occupation and industry, and coded as none, low, medium or high.3 Intensity reflected the frequency and level of formaldehyde exposure; probability reflected the likelihood of any formaldehyde exposure. NLMS records were matched to the National Death Index (NDI, 1979–2011) to obtain cause of death. ALS deaths were defined as International Classification of Diseases Ninth and 10th Edition (ICD)-9 335.2 …
Using laboratory X-ray and cobalt-60 irradiations to predict CMOS device response in strategic and space environments

The postirradiation response of CMOS transistors with 30-60-nm gate oxides is investigated as a function of radiation energy, total dose, dose rate, and annealing time. Measurements of threshold voltage, oxide-trapped charge, and interface traps are reported for times ranging from 10 ms to 4 months following LINAC, Co-60, Cs-137, and 10-keV X-ray irradiations. Exposure dose rates vary by 11 orders of magnitude: from 0.05 to 6*10/sup 9/ rad(SiO/sub 2/)/s. To within the +or-10% uncertainty in the overall dosimetry, no 'true' dose-rate effects on MOS device response are observed. Interface trap and oxide-trapped charge densities are linear with total dose. Preliminary recommendations are made for lot acceptance testing of hardened CMOS circuits and devices intended for use in space and strategic environments. >
North Atlantic Hurricane Climate Change Experiment

The recent increase of North Atlantic TC activity has attracted considerable attention especially since the exceptional hurricane season of 2005. Causes for this increase have been hotly debated in an attempt to determine whether it is within a range of natural variability, the result of global warming, or merely a byproduct of an inhomogeneous TC record.
A Jewish Approach to Ethical Issues in Brain Death and Organ Transplantation

Western civilization is firmly rooted in biblical ethics. The Judeo-biblical heritage of Christianity is still the major, primary source of moral and ethical standards by which we measure man and society. A review of these standards can serve to guide the medical practitioner, as well as society at large, through the complexities of the donor—recipient interactions when transplant surgery is considered.
C3-C4 Intermediate Photosynthesis in Plants

Among higher plants, C3 species have high levels of photorespiration, which limit the rate of net carbon dioxide assimilation. C4 plants have evolved a mechanism that overcomes photorespiration. Some species have photorespiration levels intermediate to C3 and C4 species, as well as other intermediate anatomical, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. These C3-C4 intermediates provide excellent opportunities for studying how photorespiration is reduced, as well as the genetics and evolution of C4 photosynthesis. (Accepted for publication 11 April 1984)
The Role of Counterfactual Thinking on Attitudes Toward ADHD Medication Use.

ABSTRACTObjective: Despite serious health risks, attitudes toward Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication use in college students remain favorable. Given the robust link between attitudes and behavior (e.g., the Theory of Planned Behavior), it is important to understand how these attitudes are developed and maintained. The current study examined the role of counterfactual, or “what if’” thinking as a mechanism for the development of attitudes toward ADHD medications. Method: All participants (n = 190) were asked to read either a positive or negative scenario regarding ADHD medication misuse and rate their attitudes toward the behavior; half of the participants were also asked to generate counterfactuals prior to rating their attitudes. Results: Results suggest that scenario valence influenced the direction of counterfactual statements. Further, through the generation of upward counterfactuals, the negative scenario elicited more positive attitudes toward ADHD medication misuse. Conclusi...
A Unified Method of Modeling a 3-Phase Induction Motors

Many textbooks on electro-mechanical machines introduce the induction motor using a transformer circuit model connected to a fictitious load resistor, the value of which changes as a function of the slip speed. The method is essentially a power based analysis, which yields some neat, quick results. The developed torque is calculated in terms of the power developed in that fictitious resistor. Although clever in its simplicity, the method fails to provide much physical insight into how the developed torque comes about. One is just expected to trust the circuit model. The approach described in this paper is based on theory of Lorentz force and Faraday’s Law used successfully to explain the operation of DC commutator machines. The method is readily understood and it provides direct insight into how the torque is developed. The paper will introduce a torque angle, which can be useful in visualizing how the machines work. It will also be shown that the traditional transformer model of the motor can be derived from the new analysis.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Photoinduced Electron Transfer Dynamics of Cyclometalated Ruthenium (II)–Naphthalenediimide Dyad at NiO Photocathode

Both forward and backward electron transfer kinetics at the sensitizer/NiO interface is critical for p-type dye-sensitized photocathodic device. In this article, we report the photoinduced electron transfer kinetics of a Ru(II) chromophore–acceptor dyad sensitized NiO photocathode. The dyad (O26) is based on a cyclometalated Ru(N∧C∧N)(N∧N∧N) (Ru[II]) chromophore and a naphthalenediimide (NDI) acceptor, where N∧C∧N represents 2,2′-(4,6-dimethyl-phenylene)-bispyridine and N∧N∧N represents 2,2′,6′,6″-terpyridine ligand. When the dyad is dissolved in a CH3CN solution, electron transfer to form the Ru(III)–NDI– occurs with a rate constant kf = 1.1 × 1010 s–1 (τf = 91 ps), and electron–hole pair recombines to regenerate ground state with a rate constant kb = 4.1 × 109 s–1 (τb = 241 ps). When the dyad is adsorbed on a NiO film by covalent attachment through the carboxylic acid group, hole injection takes place first within our instrument response time (∼180 fs) followed by the subsequent electron shift onto the ...
Economic disclosure and economic advocacy. New duties in the medical standard of care.

(1991). Economic disclosure and economic advocacy. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 275-329.
Lack of Additional Triggered Tectonic Tremor around the Simi Valley and the San Gabriel Mountain in Southern California

Abstract We conduct a systematic search of tectonic tremor triggered by distant large earthquakes around the Simi Valley (SV) and the San Gabriel Mountain (SGM) in southern California. Out of 59 large earthquakes between 2000 and 2013, only the 2002 M w 7.9 Denali fault earthquake triggered clear tremor in the region. The observed travel times of the triggered tremors are consistent with theoretical predictions from tremor sources that are spatially clustered in the SV, close to the rupture zone of the 1994 M w 6.7 Northridge earthquake. We also estimate the triggering stress threshold as ∼12 kPa from measuring the peak ground velocities near the tremor source. The lack of clear tremor beneath the SGM provides a “negative” example for a region where tremor is expected to occur because of clear evidence of fluid‐rich zones at the middle crust. The results imply that the necessary conditions for tremor to occur are more than fluid‐induced low effective normal stress. Online Material: Figures of additional tremor inspection, tables of earthquake catalogs, and tremor locations.
Sulfur Containing Conjugated Polymers with Interesting Electronic Properties

The electronic properties of the isomeric (C2S2)n conjugated sulfur containing polymers 1, 2, and 3 were characterized using ab initio and PRDDO molecular orbital calculations, as well as EH band structure calculations. It is anticipated that such structures might exhibit enhanced electrical conductivities when doped owing to the possibility of the peripheral sulfur atoms extending orbital interactions transverse to the chain axis direction. Such increased dimensionality is demonstrated for the structurally similar superconductive molecular TTF and ET charge-transfer salts. Of the three polymeric structures, indications are that polymer 2 is highest in energy. Polymer 3 can exist in both “chair” and “boat” conformations, with the chair form slightly more stable. Both the chair and boat forms of 3 were found to be of lower energy than 1. Calculated band gaps and band widths are reported along with preliminary synthetic attempts to prepare these polymers and observed properties.
Mississippi's Guardians Ad Litem Need Clarification of Their Role and Responsibilities

Currently, Mississippi has no centralized and clearly defined statute or rule for what qualifications a guardian ad litem (“GAL”) should possess, what details a chancellor should provide a GAL upon appointment, and which court’s rules will be followed, chancery court or youth court, in chancery cases involving allegations of child abuse or neglect. This Comment argues that, to truly protect the best interests of the child, the GALs need standards that are clear, uniform, and easily accessible. Specifically, this Comment argues for a specific rule concerning GALs in Mississippi.There needs to be either a revision to the existing rules or the adoption of a new uniform rule that clearly defines the GAL process. Such a revision or uniform rule would alleviate the confusion currently experienced by many GALs, both in chancery court and youth court cases involving child abuse and neglect allegations. The rule should address whether a GAL must be qualified as an expert or merely certified; what instructions a chancellor or youth court judge should provide the GAL regarding his role in the child protection proceeding; and whether the chancery court must follow chancery court rules or youth court rules during a hearing on allegations of child abuse or neglect.Part I of this Comment discusses how Mississippi’s Youth Court Act, Mississippi case law, and the Uniform Rules of Youth Court Practice have impacted the role of the GAL in Mississippi. Part II provides a summary of three recent Mississippi appellate opinions that discussed the GAL’s role and built upon each other to hold that GALs should be qualified as expert witnesses before they present opinion testimony. Part III argues that the GAL role in general needs to be clarified more fully, especially with respect to qualification or certification, appointment orders, and court rules.
A Case of Collective Food Poisoning Derived from a Self-managed Feast in Rural Area

Objective To definite the cause of a collective food poisoning. Method Investigation at the site and inspection in laboratory. Results There were 200 persons eating the suspected food. The cumulative incidence was 95 persons and the incidence rate was 47. 5% . All cases were cured. Conclusion The epidemiological investigation and laboratory inspections identified that the toxication event was a collective food poisoning caused by Salmonella contamination.
Engaging cognitive circuits to promote motor recovery in degenerative disorders. exercise as a learning modality

Exercise and physical activity are fundamental components of a lifestyle essential in maintaining a healthy brain. This is primarily due to the fact that the adult brain maintains a high degree of plasticity and activity is essential for homeostasis throughout life. Plasticity is not lost even in the context of a neurodegenerative disorder, but could be maladaptive thus promoting disease onset and progression. A major breakthrough in treating brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease is to drive neuroplasticity in a direction to improve motor and cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of this short review is to present the evidence from our laboratories that supports neuroplasticity as a potential therapeutic target in treating brain disorders. We consider that the enhancement of motor recovery in both animal models of dopamine depletion and in patients with Parkinson's disease is optimized when cognitive circuits are engaged; in other words, the brain is engaged in a learning modality. Therefore, we propose that to be effective in treating Parkinson's disease, physical therapy must employ both skill-based exercise (to drive specific circuits) and aerobic exercise (to drive the expression of molecules required to strengthen synaptic connections) components to select those neuronal circuits, such as the corticostriatal pathway, necessary to restore proper motor and cognitive behaviors. In the wide spectrum of different forms of exercise, learning as the fundamental modality likely links interventions used to treat patients with Parkinson's disease and may be necessary to drive beneficial neuroplasticity resulting in symptomatic improvement and possible disease modification.
The effect of temazepam on respiration in elderly insomniacs with mild sleep apnea

This study evaluated the respiratory effect of temazepam in elderly subjects (mean age 65 +/- 3.8 years), with mild sleep apnea. The 15 subjects of this report were enrolled in a larger randomized trial comparing pharmacological and behavioral treatments for insomnia. Seven subjects received temazepam 15-30 mg/day either alone or in combination with behavior therapy, and eight subjects received placebo or behavior therapy. The mean baseline respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was 9.2 +/- 2.8 for the nondrug and 8.8 +/- 5.3 for the temazepam group. There were no significant time, group or interaction effects. There was no increase in the RDI in elderly subjects with mild respiratory apnea receiving 15-30 mg of temazepam.
Phase II trial for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) treated with carmustine wafers followed by concurrent radiation therapy (RT), temozolomide (TMZ), and bevacizumab (BV), then followed by TMZ and BV post-RT.

e13015^ Background: Standard treatment for GBM includes RT and TMZ, followed by six cycles of TMZ, for a median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 14.6 and 6.9 months, respectively. BV is FDA approved for recurrent GBM and carmustine wafers are approved for newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of carmustine wafers insertion followed by concurrent RT, TMZ and BV, followed by TMZ and BV for newly diagnosed GBM patients. Methods: Treatment consisted of: Part A- carmustine wafers insertion at resection followed by RT and TMZ at 75 mg/m2/day. BV at 10 mg/kg every two weeks started at least 28 days post-operatively. Part B- Patients received 12 cycles of TMZ (200 mg/m2on days 1-5 of a 28-day cycle) and BV every two weeks (day 1 and 15). Results: Forty one patients of a planned accrual of 72 were enrolled. The study was closed early due to six grade 4-5 toxicities related to study intervention, which met the safety criteria to discontinue the trial. Th...
Genetic Approaches to Study Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Protein Antigens

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a large number of extracellular products which may play a role in pathogenesis. We have used genetic techniques to elucidate the relative contribution of these proteins to virulence, and as a method of producing safe toxoids. A mutant has been isolated which produces an immunologically reactive nontoxic form of toxin A, the most toxic extracellular protein produced by P. aeruginosa. Although there are difficulties in production of sufficient quantities of this CRM toxoid, these are likely to be solved by further genetic manipulation. Protection studies with toxin A antibody and studies of mutants deficient in toxin A have confirmed that toxin A plays a role in pathogenesis while clearly showing that toxin A alone cannot totally account for the virulence of P. aeruginosa. Studies of mutants specifically altered in three other products, exoenzyme S, and the two major proteases of P. aeruginosa, elastase and alkaline protease, have clarified the contribution of these products to virulence. Demonstration by genetic studies that exoenzyme S was a major factor in the virulence for one P. aeruginosa strain allowed us to correctly predict that antibody to this product would be protective against infection with that strain.
Answering How-to-Reach Query in Big Attributed Graph Databases

A reachability query with attribute constraints checks whether there is a constraint satisfied path from source to destination in an attributed graph. When an answer 'No' is returned to the user, the user may wonder why there is no such path. The user may ask 'Am I setting the attribute constraint too restrictive?' or 'How can I reach the destination from the source?'. In this paper, we propose the How-to-Reach query for offering explanations to users in this situation. We first introduce a trick to minimally modify Dijkstra's algorithm, which is widely implemented in existing attributed graph database systems, for obtaining optimal How-to-Reach answers. Then, we propose a time and space efficient non-traversal based index for computing high-quality approximate answer and a hop reduction function that can harness the hop distance. Our experimental results show that our techniques can actually reduce computation time while offering high-quality answers with reasonable hop distances.
Plenary talks: Frontiers in recurrent neural network research

In the last few years, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have become the Swiss Army knife of large-scale sequence processing. Problems involving long and complex data streams, such as speech recognition, machine translation and reinforcement learning from raw video, are now routinely tackled with RNNs. This talk takes a look at some of the new architectures, applications and training strategies currently being developed in this exciting field.
Exploring how prison-based drug rehabilitation programming shapes racial disparities in substance use disorder recovery

Prison-based therapeutic community (TC) programming is derived from the perspective that drug addiction is primarily symptomatic of cognitive dysfunction, poor emotional management, and underdeveloped self-reliance skills, and can be addressed in a collaborative space where a strong ideological commitment to moral reform and personal responsibility is required of its members. In this space, evidence of rehabilitation is largely centered on the client's relationship to language and the public adoption of a "broken self" narrative. Failure to master these linguistic performances can result in the denial of material and symbolic resources, thus participants learn how to use TC language to present themselves in ways that support existing institutionalized hierarchies, even if that surrender spells their self-denigration. This research examines the interview narratives of 300 former prisoners who participated in a minimum of 12 months of prison-based TC programming, and described how programming rhetoric impacted their substance abuse treatment experiences. While many of the respondents described distressing experiences as TC participants, White respondents were more likely to eventually embrace the "addict" label and speak of privileges and reintegrative support subsequently received. Black respondents were more likely to defy the treatment rhetoric, and either fail to complete the program or simulate a deficit-based self-narrative without investing in the content of those stories. The following explores the significance of language and identity construction in these carceral spaces, and how treatment providers as well as agency agendas are implicated in the reproduction of racial disparities in substance abuse recovery.
A qualitative study of smoking cessation experiences and perceptions among homeless young adults

ABSTRACTUp to 70% of homeless youth smoke, but there is little information available on their smoking cessation experiences and perceptions to guide cessation intervention efforts. This study exami...
Metabolism and disposition of arsenic species from controlled oral dosing with sodium arsenite in adult female CD-1 mice. I. Pilot study to determine dosing, analytical measurements, and sampling strategies.

Arsenic (As) is ubiquitous in the earth's crust, with typical dietary intake in developed countries <1 μg/kg bw/d, and atypical groundwater exposures in developing countries approaching 50 μg/kg bw/d. Arsenic exposures are linked with human diseases and doses of toxicological concern are similar to typical dietary intake estimates. The methylation of arsenite by arsenite-3-methyltransferase (As3MT) promotes the clearance of arsenic as pentavalent species, but also generates reactive trivalent intermediates. This study measured inorganic arsenic and its metabolites in pentavalent and trivalent states in blood, tissues, and excreta after oral administration of arsenite (50-200 μg/kg bw). While liver was a major site for clearance of arsenite and formation of methylated species, it also had extensive binding of trivalent intermediates; however, thiol exchange and oxidation reactions of trivalent arsenic were facile since dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) was the predominant species in blood and urine. Consistent evidence was observed for a non-linear relationship between doses above 50 μg/kg bw and levels of bound trivalent As metabolites. The abundance of protein-bound trivalent arsenic within target tissues should correlate with disruption of critical cellular processes, which rely on defined interactions of thiol functional groups, and could provide dose-response relationships from animal models for human risk assessment.
An Introduction to the Symposium: The Impact of Failed Financial Institution Litigation on the Regulation of Lawyers

As a subject, Professional Responsibility has received a tremendous amount of attention in the last thirty years. Since the early 1960s, and more recently in the wake of the Watergate scandal during the Nixon administration, the American Bar Association has expended significant resources in promulgating different standards relating to the regulation of lawyers. During this time, we have seen Professional Responsibility become a mandatory course in all ABA accredited law schools. Many states now require that applicants pass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Exam. And, many states now require that practicing lawyers complete a minimum number of hours of instruction in Professional Responsibility as part of their continuing legal education requirements.
A New Upper Air Data System—The Transosonde

A new concept of upper-air data collection utilizes instrumented balloons controlled to float along given constant-pressure surfaces in the atmosphere. A system of instrumentation, named the transosonde (trans-oceanic-sonde) has been developed for implementing this concept. Field tests have established the technical and meteorological feasibility of the system. In the course of the tests, transosonde balloons were tracked over distances of thousands of miles using a network of shore-based high-frequency radio-direction-finder stations. Emphasis has been placed upon the trajectory of the balloon as the primary source of meteorological data. Wind velocities and accelerations can be derived directly from constant-pressure surface trajectories, providing valuable synoptic and research data. Balloon trajectories in passing through major troughs and ridges define these features, giving information of importance for synoptic analysis and long-range forecasting. In addition, a sequence of trajectories provides a ...
Preadoption Genetic Testing: Social workers' decision-making process

Genetic testing requested by prospective adoptive parents and/or an adoption agency prior to adoption, known as pre-adoption genetic testing, is postulated to help identify the best placement for t...
Using spatially-identified effective impervious area to target green infrastructure retrofits: A modeling study in Knoxville, TN

Abstract There is a need for enhanced guidance in siting distributed, infiltrative green infrastructure (GI) practices, especially in densely developed urban watersheds where retrofits come at a high cost. To maximize the hydrologic benefit of GI practices on urban streams, the disconnection of effective impervious areas (EIA), or those impervious areas hydraulically connected to the stormwater network, has been identified as a strategic management approach that is expected to have the greatest impact. The overall effect of full disconnection of spatially-identified EIA on watershed hydrology is uncertain because this type of full disconnection is rarely brought to full-scale implementation. In this study, spatial EIA identification is used to parametrize an urban runoff model using the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The calibrated model is used to assess runoff reductions resulting from GI practices distributed through the watershed via different placement strategies, both spatially-informed and not. Full treatment of the spatially-identified EIA using bioretention cells was compared to two scenarios treating the same area of impervious surfaces, but with random placement either among all impervious areas or placement focused in areas of higher imperviousness. Model results indicate that substantially higher runoff reduction could be realized by targeting EIA, with a median runoff reduction of nearly 30% more than other treatment scenarios across storm events ranging from 1.27 to 20.7 mm using this strategic siting. Further improvements in optimizing distributed infiltrative GI practice placement are needed and targeting of spatially-identified EIA appears to be a viable method for increasing the hydrologic improvements realized through watershed scale implementations.
Individual Differences in the Association Between Subjective Stress and Heart Rate Are Related to Psychological and Physical Well-Being:

The physiological response to stress is intertwined with, but distinct from, the subjective feeling of stress, although both systems must work in concert to enable adaptive responses. We investigated 1,065 participants from the Midlife in the United States 2 study who completed a self-report battery and a stress-induction procedure while physiological and self-report measures of stress were recorded. Individual differences in the association between heart rate and self-reported stress were analyzed in relation to measures that reflect psychological well-being (self-report measures of well-being, anxiety, depression), denial coping, and physical well-being (proinflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein). The within-participants association between heart rate and self-reported stress was significantly related to higher psychological well-being, fewer depressive symptoms, lower trait anxiety, less use of denial coping, and lower levels of proinflammatory biomarkers. Our results highlight the importance of studying individual differences in coherence between physiological measures and subjective mental states in relation to well-being.
A tractable two-stage robust winner determination model for truckload service procurement via combinatorial auctions

Abstract A combinatorial auction is one of the adopted mechanisms for truckload (TL) service procurement. In such an auction, the shipper faces a well-known winner determination problem (WDP): the shipper, as the auctioneer, is given bids submitted by a group of carriers. In most literature, WDP is modeled as a deterministic mixed-integer program (MIP) and is solved by standard MIP algorithms. However, in practice, the exact shipping demand is unavailable until after the auction. This shipment volume uncertainty has a significant impact on the solution to WDP. Therefore, a deterministic winner determination model with an estimate of shipment volume may not provide solutions that attain low procurement costs. This paper proposes a new tractable two-stage robust optimization (RO) approach to solve WDP for TL service procurement under shipment volume uncertainty. Assuming that only historical data is available, we propose a data-driven approach based on the central limit theorem (CLT) to construct polyhedral uncertainty sets. In particular, we consider two random cases: independent shipment volume and correlated shipment volume. A two-stage RO model with integer first-stage decision variables and continuous recourse variables is then formulated. We develop a reformulation solution method and use numerical tests to demonstrate that it is much more computationally efficient than the widely adopted Benders’ type constraint generation algorithm. We demonstrate by numerical tests that real-world sized instances of TL service procurement problems can be solved by our proposed robust method. Moreover, we compare our robust approach with benchmark and show that it is more tractable and robust to uncertainty.
A Quantitative Retelling of Cades Cove’s Cemeteries

The same gravestone data that were transcribed as social variables to describe Cades Cove (in Chapter 6) are quantitatively analyzed to reveal patterns of statistical significance or dependence among the relationships of those variables. Empirical assessment relying on tests of significance and measures of association strengthens the veracity and the reliability of conclusions and social patterns observed among the variables, empowering the generalizations as typifying the community. Reconstructing and profiling community quantitatively enhances credibility and confidence in the findings, and more comprehensively presents community as dynamic, as opposed to static description. Cades Cove did not have a town hall or a mayor’s office, a library or a newspaper to tell its own story, but it has its cemeteries.
Abstract LB-311: Exosomal gain-of-function p53 protein promotes cancer-associated phenotype

TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer. Certain mutations can produce gain-of-function (GOF) phenotypes, resulting in pathogenic effects beyond the loss of p53 function. Recent study suggested that tumor cells could affect the p53 status of stromal cells while the mechanisms remains unclear. Exosomes have emerged as an important mode of extracellular communication and a major player in cancer pathogenesis, by promoting pro-tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that packaging of mutated p53 protein into exosomes and dissemination via exosomes could impact a variety of stromal cell processes, producing a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. In this study, we carried out a series of in vitro (immunoblot analysis, Q-PCR, Gene array, Co-Immunoprecipitation and lentiviral transfection) and in vivo (subcutaneous mouse models) experiments to determine the presence of mutant p53 in exosomes and its biological significance in tumor microenvironment. We demonstrated that gain-of-function (GOF) p53 protein is packaged into p53 mutant cancer cell-derived exosomes and transferred to fibroblasts. Further studies showed that this process is facilitated by the enhanced stability and consequent intracellular concentration of GOF p53. The packaging of GOF p53 into exosomes is selectively bound by HSP90 chaperone proteins. Inhibition of HSP90 blocks the packaging of GOF p53, but not wild-type into exosomes. Uptake of GOF p53-containing exosomes by fibroblasts results in conversion to a cancer-associated phenotype. In vivo study have shown that GOF p53 exosomes-induced cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumor growth in a colon cancer cells (HT29 cells) xenograft mouse model. These findings reveal a crucial role of exosomes in modifying tumor microenvironment and hold great consequence in broadening our understanding of tumor biology. Citation Format: Shaolin Ma, Michael H. McGuire, Elaine Stur, Emine Bayraktar, Alejandro Villar-Prados, Sherry Y. Wu, Akira Yokoi, Santosh K. Dasari, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Jinsong Liu, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Anil K. Sood. Exosomal gain-of-function p53 protein promotes cancer-associated phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-311.
Exploration of Ion Channels in the Clitoris: a Review

This review investigates known research on ion channels expressed in the clitoris. Specifically, discussing the role these channels play in clitoral arousal, their contributions to sexual dysfunction, and their potential use as a pharmacological targeted treatment. In addition, we propose channels that should be considered as candidate proteins involved in female sexual dysfunction. Review of studies published from 1811–2017, found that only BKCa, SK, and TRPA1 channels have been explored in the clitoris. These studies have identified these channels in clitoral tissue and have suggested their involvement in the nitric oxide-cGMP mediated pathway of erection. However, these studies have not resulted in additional or improved treatment options for female patients with sexual dysfunction. Finally, we suggested the consideration of voltage-gated sodium channels as candidate proteins to explore in sexual dysfunction, due to the comorbid relationship with epilepsy. Based on these findings, further research is needed into these channels and their role in female sexual arousal. Investments into this area of research have the potential for improving our understanding of sexual dysfunction of arousal, improving pharmacological treatments, and ultimately improving quality of life for patients.
Memories of me, memories of we: Trait self-knowledge, prototypical norms, and autobiographical memories

To more fully understand the complex relationship between self-knowledge and significant autobiographical memories, two studies examined the degree to which agency and communion orientations were c...
Calyceal diverticula in children: laparoscopic marsupialization is the optimal intervention

Summary Background Calyceal diverticula (CD) are abnormally dilated calyces caused by a narrowed infundibulum. Although rare, with incidence rates previously reported between 0.21% and 0.45%, CD pose diagnostic dilemmas in children as they mimic other cystic lesions of the kidney with different etiologies. Calyceal diverticula can become symptomatic if they become a locus for infections and stone formation, and the optimal treatment strategy is currently undefined. Objective The aim of the study is to present a large series of consecutive cases of pediatric CD and investigate the authors' hypothesis that CDs are more common than previously reported, size of the lesion drives intervention, and laparoscopic ablation is the most effective intervention. Study design The authors conducted an observational case-control survey by reviewing all cases of pediatric CD through a prospectively maintained database of renal cystic lesions at their institution between 2012 and 2018. They analyzed the clinical and radiological presentation and description of symptoms with particular emphasis on the outcomes of ureteroscopic or laparoscopic surgical interventions. Results Of 757 renal cysts evaluated in the pediatric urology clinics at the authors' institution, there were 43 (5%) cases of CD confirmed by cross-sectional imaging or retrograde pyelogram. The median age was 12 years. There was a female preponderance (67%), and 14% were bilateral. Twenty-five of 43 children underwent surgery (58%). On multivariate analysis, the size/complexity of the cyst (odds ratio = 2.13, 1.02 to 4.4, P = 0.04) and the presence of pain (5.931, 1.36 to 25.87, P = 0.018) were found to correlate with the need for intervention. Ureteroscopic intervention (i.e., balloon dilatation, laser incision, or diathermy incision) was the most used index procedure (17/25), followed by laparoscopic ablation (6/25), with success rates of 40% and 100%, respectively (P = 0.01). Complications in either of the approaches were usually mild and similar (P = 0.63). The majority of ureteroscopic interventions required multiple sessions (11/17, 65%, median = 2 major procedures) to achieve resolution, whereas none in the laparoscopic group required a second procedure. There were a total of 30 ureteroscopic and 8 laparoscopic approaches. Conclusions The authors demonstrate that CD comprise at least 5% of cystic lesions and that CD size and pain at presentation predict intervention in 60% of children diagnosed at their institution. Laparoscopic ablation is the optimal treatment and has significantly higher success rates than the ureteroscopic approach.
Evaluating the Quality and Implementation of Hazard Mitigation Plans in Coastal Washington State

AbstractLocal-level hazard mitigation plans, particularly in coastal areas, are critical to protecting communities from natural hazards, some of which are expected to increase with climate change. ...
Population Analyses Reveal Two Host-Adapted Clades of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the Causal Agent of Cucurbit Downy Mildew, on Commercial and Wild Cucurbits.

Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, is an airborne, obligate oomycete pathogen that re-emerged in 2004 and causes foliar disease and yield losses in all major cuc...
Survey of knowledge and behavior of the students pertaining to health in Huaian City

Objective To promote students health knowledge and behavior and to create work that would provide the basis for evaluating the health promoting school. Method In 102 of the health promoting schools, using cluster random sampling method, in each applied school last digit survey date was used as a random number, selected classes were investigated about the infectious disease, chronic disease, vaccination, emergencies and other items. The subjects of the investigation were totally 5 368 people, 2 673 girls, and 2 695 boys, including primary school students 2 848 (rural students 1 272, 1 576 urban), middle school students 2 520 (rural students 1 127, 1 393 urban). All the 5 368 questionnaires were returned, 5 366 were valid. Chi-square test was used to evaluate health knowledge awareness and behavior formation rate, P< 0.05 was regarded as having statistical significance. Result Overall, the awareness rate of knowledge (84.5%) and behavior formation rate (76.5%) of girls were higher than those of boys (83.4%, 75.1%) (χ2= 26.17, 13.23, P<0.05). The awareness rate of knowledge of primary school girls (83.1%) and their behavior formation rate (76.9%) were also higher than those of primary school boys (81.9%, 74.5%) (χ2=13.70, 21.58, P<0.05) city primary school students; knowledge rate (85%) and behavior formation rate (77.6%) of urban students were higher than those of rural students (80.2% , 74.1%) (χ2=226.99, 49.28, P<0.05). The awareness rate of knowledge of middle school girls (86.1%) was higher than that of middle school boys (85.1%) (χ2=9.73, P<0.05); awareness rate of knowledge (85.8%) of middle school urban students was higher than that of rural students (84.3%) (χ2=22.37, P<0.05). The awareness rate of silver and bronze school knowledge (84.0%, 84.0%) was higher than that of gold (80.6%) (χ2=19.02, 20.08, P<0.05); the gold medal school behavior formation rate (83.3%) was higher than that of silver and bronze school (76.2%, 75.4%) (χ2= 30.57, 38.76, P<0.05), silverbehavior formation rate (76.2%) was higher than the that of bronze medal schools (75.4%) (χ2=3.99, P<0.05). Conclusion The school health promotion work is still focusing on health knowledge education stage, the awareness rates of knowledge and behavior formation rates are not completely consistent. Health promotion has not become a liability and the concept of the schools surveyed. Key words: Knowledge; Behavior; Health promoting school
Rulan Tangen: Entangling Memory, Relationality, and Repetition to Heat up Contemporary Indigenous Dance

Chapter 7 considers the multi-modal work of choreographer Rulan Tangen to Indigenize contemporary dance. It refers to her work with memory, cultural narratives, and structured improvisation to call in an inter-tribal community of dancers to participate in her contemporary choreography powered by dream-visions, history, Indigenous ways of being and knowing, and a politics of relationality. This chapter proposes that the steady, patient building of heat in Tangen’s work also decolonizes the broader field of contemporary dance as she centralizes strategies of re-storying, Land Dances, pluriversal technique, platiality, practices of repetition, and imaginations of whole futures in dance. Ultimately, the argument positions Tangen as a central figure in the processes of reimagining contemporary dance through the lens of global Indigeneities, connecting to the heated core of the earth through her dance.
Vitamin D Deficiency Induced Infantile Heart Failure in the Twenty-First Century: A Fault in Public Health Primary Prevention

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency and its consequence continues to be reported even in the current era of established guidelines for vitamin D supplementation in all infants. We present a case of infantile dilated cardiomyopathy presenting with cardiogenic shock caused by persistent hypocalcemia secondary to vitamin D deficiency. We hope to bring attention to this easily treatable and preventable public health issue. Case Report A seven month old, exclusively breastfed, African American male presented in March to the emergency department with initial …