cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Past: The Importance of Cultivation History in EBIPM Success

The introduction and spread of invasive plants has been consistently linked to the development of agricultural crops such as cereal grains, legumes, and forage grasses. This is because cultivating a crop involves both soil disturbance (e.g., plowing and har- rowing) and the introduction of plant species, both the in- tended crop and unintended contaminants that accompany crop seed.1 Cultivation is also consistently linked with the creation of land-use legacies, which continue to impact eco- system structure and function for long periods of time follow- ing human utilization of resources. These land-use legacies can alter soils, hydrology, and plant communities in ways that persist for decades, centuries, and even millennia.2,3 A com- mon legacy of cultivation is invasive plant species dominance, causing the site to remain “stuck” in a state of arrested succes- sion with early-seral weedy species dominating for decades. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i6_morris
Coagulopathy in Critically Ill Patients Part 1: Platelet Disorders

Abnormalities of platelet number and function are the most common coagulation disorders seen among ICU patients. This article reviews the most frequent causes of thrombocytopenia by providing an overview of the following most common mechanisms: impaired production; sequestration; dilution; and destruction. Guidelines for treating thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction are also provided.
Mutation Accumulation in Populations of Varying Size: The Distribution of Mutational Effects for Fitness Correlates in Caenorhabditis elegans

The consequences of mutation for population-genetic and evolutionary processes depend on the rate and, especially, the frequency distribution of mutational effects on fitness. We sought to approximate the form of the distribution of mutational effects by conducting divergence experiments in which lines of a DNA repair-deficient strain of Caenorhabditis elegans, msh-2, were maintained at a range of population sizes. Assays of these lines conducted in parallel with the ancestral control suggest that the mutational variance is dominated by contributions from highly detrimental mutations. This was evidenced by the ability of all but the smallest population-size treatments to maintain relatively high levels of mean fitness even under the 100-fold increase in mutational pressure caused by knocking out the msh-2 gene. However, we show that the mean fitness decline experienced by larger populations is actually greater than expected on the basis of our estimates of mutational parameters, which could be consistent with the existence of a common class of mutations with small individual effects. Further, comparison of the total mutation rate estimated from direct sequencing of DNA to that detected from phenotypic analyses implies the existence of a large class of evolutionarily relevant mutations with no measurable effect on laboratory fitness.
Mental health outreach program following the earthquake in Armenia: utilizing the nursing process in developing and managing the post-natural disaster plan.

This article provides a description of the eight phases of the Mental Health Outreach Program (MHOP) cofounded by the author to address the needs of the surviving community following the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. For the purposes of the MHOP, the nursing process was expanded from five to eight phases: 1) preassessment, 2) assessment, 3) analysis, 4) community diagnosis, 5) planning, 6) implementation, 7) evaluation, and 8) remodification. A framework for assessing the level of trauma in an unfamiliar community (with its mnemonic acronym COPE,), which was formulated by the author to expedite the assessment and implementation phases, is described. The article concludes with a set of recommendations for psychiatric mental health nurses in mitigating the negative impact and consequences of disasters.
High-fidelity simulation is superior to case-based discussion in teaching the management of shock

Background: Case-based discussion (CBD) is an established method for active learning in medical education. High-fidelity simulation has emerged as an important new educational technology. There is limited data from direct comparisons of these modalities.Aims: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of high-fidelity medical simulation with CBD in an undergraduate medical curriculum for shock.Methods: The subjects were 85 third-year medical students in their required surgery rotation. Scheduling circumstances created two equal groups. One group managed a case of septic shock in simulation and discussed a case of cardiogenic shock, the other group discussed septic shock and experienced cardiogenic shock through simulation. Student comprehension of the assessment and management of shock was then evaluated by oral examination (OE).Results: Examination scores were superior in all comparisons for the type of shock experienced through simulation. This was true regardless of the shock ty...
One-bone forearm.

Six patients with complicated forearm injuries with ununited fractures of the ulna and soft-tissue deficits, and one patient with the same deficit from infection, were treated by production of a one-bone forearm positioned in neutral of supination-pronation. A stable, functional extremity resulted in each patient and only mild complications were encountered.
Who cares about human rights? Public opinion about human rights foreign policy

abstractLiterature on foreign aid and human rights often presupposes that constituents favor using foreign policy to promote human rights abroad and lead elected policymakers to pursue such policies to retain electoral support. This assumption, although frequently asserted, has not been empirically evaluated. And there are reasons to be skeptical about whether public opinion supports human rights foreign policy compared to other policy objectives. This article explores US public opinion about human rights, by asking two questions: Does the public think human rights should factor in foreign aid decisions and does the context—the strategic or economic relationship between the donor and recipient—affect this? This article uses results from a nationwide experimental survey to evaluate these questions. I find that the majority of respondents support cutting aid to punish human rights violators and that this depends minimally on the importance of the recipient.
Comparative analysis of optically-pumped intersubband lasers and intersubband Raman oscillators

Recently, semiconductor lasers operating in the far-infrared region of the spectrum have attracted significant interest. Still, room-temperature operation of the intersubband laser yet has not been achieved primarily because of extremely short intersubband relaxation times. Various methods of lowering the room-temperature threshold have been proposed, including optical pumping of four-level intersubband lasers (OPILs),2 for which the relaxation times can be artificially engineered [Fig, 1(a)].
Applying Tests for Specific Yolk Antibodies to Predict Contamination by Salmonella enteritidis in Eggs from Experimentally Infected Laying Hens

SUMMARY. Detecting Salmonella enteritidis contamination in eggs has become the cornerstone of many programs for reducing egg-borne disease transmission, but egg culturing is time consuming and laborious. Preliminary screening tests are thus generally applied to minimize the number of flocks from which eggs must be cultured. The usefulness of such tests is directly proportional to both their detection sensitivity and their ability to predict the likelihood of egg contamination. In the present study, samples were collected for 24 days after groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with S. enteritidis. Eggs from each hen were cultured for S. enteritidis in the contents and samples of egg yolk were diluted and tested for specific antibodies to S. enteritidis flagella using both experimental and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Samples of voided feces were also collected regularly from each bird and cultured for S. enteritidis. Although fecal shedding and egg yolk antibody production followed opposite patterns over time (fecal shedding was decreasing as egg yolk antibody titers were increasing), tests for both parameters were effective in predicting whether particular hens would lay contaminated eggs. Among hens that laid at least one egg contaminated by S. enteritidis, 82% were detected as infected by fecal culturing and 96% by the experimental egg yolk ELISA test. Using easily collected samples, egg yolk antibody testing offers a rapid and effective screening method for identifying S. enteritidis-infected laying flocks that might lay contaminated eggs.
Effect of Diazoxide on Vascular Responses to Norepinephrine in the Calf of Normal Subjects.

SummaryIn these experiments the administration of diazoxide, 300 mg per day for 7 days, had no significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate responses to norepinephrine. Blood flow at each dose level of norepinephrine was significantly higher after diazoxide and vascular resistance was significantly lower. The lower vascular resistance at the same level of transmural pressure indicates that the tone present in the vessel walls at each dose of norepinephrine was less after diazoxide. Body weight increased progressively during the week of treatment and there was a slight decrease in hematocrit. There appeared to be no major changes in the serum electrolytes. In these experiments diazoxide, a non-diuretic compound, reduced the vascular responses to norepinephrine. In this respect it resembles chlorothiazide, its diuretic congener.
Effects of Low-Oxygen Atmospheres Containing Different Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide on Mortality of the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Last-instar (25-day) A. transitella larvae were treated with low-oxygen (≤1%) atmospheres. Thirteen atmospheres (combinations of three O2 concentrations and four CO2 concentrations, plus 100% CO2) were assayed at 27°C and 60% relative humidity. LT95s and 95% confidence intervals were determined. The effects of the atmospheres on the mortality of the insects are discussed. The 02 concentration is more important in reducing the time to kill than the CO2 concentration. The economic implications of these results on an insect control program also are discussed.
Electromechanical Processes in Plasmonic Nanostructures: From Continuum Flows to Quantum Effects

We present analysis of electromechanical effects associated with collective optical excitation of electrons in plasmonic nanoparticles, with emphasis on the enhanced transfer of angular momentum and nonlinear hydrodynamics such as vortex pairs.
Hybrid multiple wavelength reference using fiber gratings and molecular absorption

The development of dense wavelength division multiplexed systems at wavelengths between 1300 and 1600 nm has created a demand for wavelength references throughout this region.
Truth through Fiction Real-life Differential Privilege Unmasked in Amanda Cross Mystery Novels

This qualitative analysis describes the parallels between Carolyn Heilbrun’s nonfiction writing, her Amanda Cross novels, and Heilbrun’s real-life experiences as the first woman tenured at Columbia...
A Bayesian approach for shipboard lifetime wave load spectrum updating

Updating design stage loading predictions with in-service measurements is an essential step for predicting the fatigue life of complex structures. This is especially true when the loading process is not statistically stationary. Ships and marine structures are an example of such structures. They are fatigue prone from being subject to alternating wave forces, and can also change their loading environment owing to their mobility. This manuscript proposes a two-level offline lifetime load updating scheme to address updating of non-stationary load processes. First, corrections to hydrodynamic predictions are established in short-term statistically stationary operating cells based upon spectral parameters. A hierarchical Bayesian model interpolates corrections between cells and infers correction factors for cells that are not yet observed. Finally, projected operational profiles of the vessel are used to combine cell predictions into an updated lifetime fatigue load profile. The effectiveness of this process ...
A Chemistry Neutral Flow Battery Performance Model Development, Validation, and Application

A physical model for redox flow batteries is developed to estimate performance for any chemistry using parameters such as electrolyte conductivity and kinetic rate constants. The model returns the performance as a function of flow rate, current density, and state of charge. Two different models are developed to estimate the current density distribution throughout the electrode in order to evaluate physical performance of the battery. This is done using electrochemical parameters such as conductivity and kinetic rate constant. The models are analytical in order to produce a computationally cheap algorithm that can be used in optimization routines. This allows for evaluating the economic performance of redox flow batteries, and optimization of cost. The models are validated vs data and found to accurately predict performance in a V-V system for a wide variety of operating conditions.
Brief Announcement: Preserving Happens-before in Persistent Memory

Nonvolatile, byte-addressable memory (NVM) will soon be commercially available, but registers and caches are expected to remain transient on most machines. Without careful management, the data preserved in the wake of a crash are likely to be inconsistent and thus unusable. Previous work has explored the semantics of instructions used to push the contents of cache to NVM. These semantics comprise a "memory persistency model," analogous to a traditional "memory consistency model." In this brief announcement we introduce "explicit epoch persistency", a memory persistency model that captures the current and expected semantics of Intel x86 and ARM v8 persistent memory instructions. We also present a construction that augments any data-race-free program (for release consistency or any stronger memory model) in such a way that preserved data are guaranteed to represent a consistent cut in the happens-before graph of the program's execution.
Coherent Magnetic Response at Optical Frequencies Using Atomic Transitions

Developing exotic optical devices such as super-resolution lenses and cloaks requires atoms that interact strongly with the magnetic field of light. Such an interaction between a laser and an ensemble of europium atoms is shown for the first time.
Reply to van Hoorn: Social comparisons of "enough" are an informational signal.

In response to our article (1), van Hoorn (2) suggests that our analysis focuses too narrowly on perceived need as the mechanism linking inequality to increased risk taking. The author does not dispute the evidence we present for the role of perceived need, but proposes an additional mechanism linking inequality to risk taking. The proposed mechanism is an “informational” signal: if others have done better than the person themself, it may be necessary to take greater risks.
New Aspects of Exponential Asymptotics in Multiple‐Scale Nonlinear Wave Problems

It is known that standard multiple-scale perturbation techniques fail to pinpoint the soliton solution branches that bifurcate at edges of bandgaps in periodic media, owing to the appearance of exponentially small growing wave tails when the soliton's envelope is not properly positioned. When the bifurcation is from a single wave mode of a band edge, this difficulty has been handled in recent work by computing these tails via an exponential asymptotics technique in the wave number domain. However, the same approach is not directly applicable to the bifurcation of solitons near the opening of a bandgap, where wave modes from two nearby band edges interact with each other. Here, we discuss two nontrivial extensions of the exponential asymptotics technique that enable resolving this issue. For simplicity, the analysis focuses on two model problems, namely, a steady-state forced Korteweg–de Vries equation and a steady-state forced nonlinear Schrodinger equation, with the precise form of forcing and balance between nonlinear and dispersive terms chosen so as to mimic the situation encountered in the bifurcation of solitons near a bandgap opening. Our analysis exhibits a number of new features that are significantly different from previous exponential asymptotics procedures, such as the treatments when the nonlinearity dominates dispersion and when the decay rates of the Fourier-transformed solution are asymmetric. In addition, the analysis reveals new, and in some cases rather unexpected, functional forms for exponentially small wave tails, which are also confirmed by numerical results.
Feasibility of Conducting a 6-month long Home-based Exercise Program with Protein Supplementation in Elderly Community-dwelling Individuals with Heart Failure.

Objective: Cardiac cachexia is a condition associated with heart failure, particularly in the elderly, and is characterized by loss of muscle mass with or without the loss of fat mass. Approximately 15% of elderly heart failure patients will eventually develop cardiac cachexia; such a diagnosis is closely associated with high morbidity and increased mortality. While the mechanism(s) involved in the progression of cardiac cachexia is incompletely established, certain factors appear to be contributory. Dietary deficiencies, impaired bowel perfusion, and metabolic dysfunction all contribute to reduced muscle mass, increased muscle wasting, increased protein degradation, and reduced protein synthesis. Thus slowing or preventing the progression of cardiac cachexia relies heavily on dietary and exercise-based interventions in addition to standard heart failure treatments and medications. Methods: The aim of the present study was to test the feasibility of an at-home exercise and nutrition intervention program in a population of elderly with heart failure, in an effort to determine whether dietary protein supplementation and increased physical activity may slow the progression, or prevent the onset, of cardiac cachexia. Frail elderly patients over the age of 55 with symptoms of heart failure from UAMS were enrolled in one of two groups, intervention or control. To assess the effect of protein supplementation and exercise on the development of cardiac cachexia, data on various measures of muscle quality, cardiovascular health, mental status, and quality of life were collected and analyzed from the two groups at the beginning and end of the study period. Results: More than 50% of those who were initially enrolled actually completed the 6-month study. While both groups showed some improvement in their study measures, the protein and exercise group showed a greater tendency to improve than the control group by the end of the six months. Conclusion: These findings suggest that with a larger cohort, this intervention may show significant positive effects for elderly patients who are at risk of developing cardiac cachexia.
Use it or average it: stochasticity in plant development

A process that is stochastic has a probabilistic or randomly determined outcome. At the molecular level, all processes are stochastic; but development is highly reproducible, suggesting that plants and other multicellular organisms have evolved mechanisms to ensure robustness (achieving correct development despite stochastic and environmental perturbations). Mechanisms of robustness can be discovered through isolating mutants with increased variability in phenotype; such mutations do not necessarily change the average phenotype. Surprisingly, some developmental robustness mechanisms actually exploit stochasticity as a useful source of variation. For example, gene expression is stochastic and can be utilized to create subtle differences between identical cells that can initiate the patterning of specialized cell types. Stochasticity can also be used to promote robustness through spatiotemporal averaging-stochasticity can be averaged out across space and over time. Thus, organisms often harness stochasticity to ensure robust development.
The Solar Decathlon: Team DURA and Interdisciplinary Place-Based Learning

This chapter reviews the two-year process from the fall of 2013 to the fall of 2015 during which the students and faculty of New York City College of Technology were actively engaged in the U.S. Department of Energy’s bi-annual Solar Decathlon Competition. Our entry, the DURA (Diverse, Urban, Resilient, and Adaptable) home, is a response to the impact of Superstorm Sandy, which hit the coast of NYC in October of 2012, flooding the city and taking large sections of the city off the power grid for weeks on end. The success of this experience is due to the combination of methods including place-based, project-based, and interdisciplinary learning strategies paired with a real project with student-defined objectives and goals.
Modeling resonant converters in a rotating coordinate

The difficulty of modeling a resonant converter is the fact that, unlike a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) converter, an average concept doesn't work. The only successful equivalent circuit model, proposed by E. Yang, is based on fundamental approximation and harmonic balance theory. However, it is conceptually hard to understand because of an unidentified “equilibrium state.” A resonant converter was normally categorized as a DC-DC converter. However, the trajectory on a state plane shows a “rotating” behavior of a state. Electric machine theory has already tackled AC signals for decades. By a rotating coordinate transformation, or dq-transformation, AC signals become DC signals. As a result, an equilibrium state is clearly defined and the modeling process become straightforward. Therefore, this paper present a new modeling methodology for resonant converter: rotating coordinate modeling. As a result, the modeling of resonant converters can be as easy as PWM converters. The simulation result shows the proposed model well predict both large-signal and small-signal behaviors of a series resonant converter.
Preliminary long-term health outcomes associated with recreation-based health and wellness programs for injured service members

Recreation-based health and wellness programs for military service members are currently a topic of significant interest in the recreation and health industries. This study examined the health outc...
Agnès Varda between film, photography, and art, by Rebecca J. DeRoo, Oakland, California, University of California Press, 2017, 248 pp., $34.95 (paperback), ISBN: 9780520279414

Happily, there has been a strong resurgence of activity around Agnes Varda over the past decade, including conferences and publications. While Varda has been one of the most consistently fascinatin...
Decompiling Problem-Solving Experience to Elucidate Representational Distinctions

General, domain-independent problem-solving methods are highly flexible if inefficient. Recent work addressing the utility of learned knowledge improves efficiency, but flexibility is greatly compromised. In this paper I discuss an alternative that extracts relevant distinctions from problem-solving traces and creates explicit representational terms for them. The new terms are seamlessly integrated into declarative knowledge and are effectively utilized in subsequent problem solving.
THE EXPRESSION OF YEAST DNA IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Abstract: Specific segments of yeast ( S. cerevisiae ) DNA, when cloned on a ColEl plasmid vector, are capable of complementing auxotrophic deletion mutations in E. coli . Hybrid ColEl-yeast DNA plasmids that complement mutations in leuB (β-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase), hisB (imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase), trpAB (tryptophan synthase), and argH (argininosuccinate lyase) have been isolated and characterized.
The Physician's Role in Society: Enhancing the Health of Individuals and the Public.

A physician discusses his experiences with Physicians for Social Responsibility and encourages others to become involved. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Health reform in america.

As more and more American families find their budgets pinched by the ever-rising cost of healthcare and a growing volume of scholarly research convinces health policy experts that the quality of American health too often falls short of what it should be—given that Americans spend about twice as much per capita (in purchasing power parity dollars) on healthcare than its neighboring Canada—it is inevitable that the topic of health reform will have a prominent place in the forthcoming presidential elections. Although the details of any such reform will be mind-numbing, its overarching goals are 2-fold: (1) enhancing the “cost-effectiveness” of American healthcare, and (2) better protection for American families against the financial burden of ill health.
Using Photovoice as a Counselor Education Pedagogical Tool: A Pilot

Creativity is a critical part of counseling work. Counseling educators are consistently seeking new ways to cultivate counselors’ in training (CIT) creative capacity and self-reflection in the clas...
Equivalent static wind loads vs. database-assisted design of tall buildings: An assessment

Abstract Recent developments in pressure measurement technology, and unprecedented “big data” capabilities, have enabled the development of Database-Assisted Design (DAD), a powerful innovative approach to the design of tall buildings for wind. DAD eliminates unwieldy back-and-forth interactions between the wind and the structural engineer, needed in traditional practices if iterative designs are performed. Some structural engineers have shown interest in an alternative approach that uses equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs) in lieu of DAD. Such an approach is warranted if ESWLs induce in structural members demand-to-capacity indexes (DCIs) approximately equal to their peak counterparts obtained by DAD. This paper presents and assesses a simple procedure for calculating such ESWLs. The procedure uses an effective multiple points-in-time (MPIT) method for estimating combined peak wind effects, and accounts for wind directionality. A case study is presented that uses both the ESWL and DAD procedures, with the latter providing the requisite benchmark results. DCIs obtained from ESWLs based on the use of ten points-in-time (corresponding to 60 wind loading cases) were significantly closer to the benchmark DAD values than their counterparts based on the use of, e.g., four points-in-time (corresponding to 24 wind loading cases). For the building considered in this case study, ESWL-based design DCIs approximated to within approximately 3% the DCIs yielded by DAD. The approximation was found to be poorer for cases in which a single unfavorable wind direction is strongly dominant. The ESWL procedure is not applicable in its present form to structures with complex shapes. In all cases, the DAD procedure is the safest and most risk-consistent design option.
Application of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to the detection of surface intermediates during the first cycle of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of platinum on silica surfaces

Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become the method of choice for many applications requiring the controlled growth of thin films on solid surfaces. However, the use of metalorganic precursors typical in these depositions adds significant complexity to the chemistry involved. Unfortunately, it is difficult to obtain direct information about the surface species that participate in the reaction mechanisms of ALD. Here we illustrate the value of using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for this purpose. A particular example is provided, a study of the first cycle of deposition of platinum using trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum (IV), or MeCpPt(CH3)3, on silicon oxide surfaces. In previous investigations of this process, we have determined that the low reactivity of the MeCpPt(CH3)3 precursor, which hinders fast deposition, can be partially overcome by gas-phase electron-impact activation. What has not been clear is what chemical species form on the solid surface as a result of such activation. Here we show that the MeCp ligand is quite stable and that it remains intact and coordinated to the Pt atoms upon adsorption on the surface. It was also established that some of the methyl groups may remain bound to the Pt center: the main species detected on the silicon oxide surfaces were MeCpPt and MeCpPt(CH3). On the other hand, it appears that no Pt intermediates without MeCp ligands are formed during this initial adsorption. Finally, O2 treatment of these surfaces at elevated temperature to complete the first ALD cycle leads to the complete removal of all the organic ligands: no evidence for MeCp or methyl groups is seen in the ToF-SIMS traces from the final samples.
Aprosodia and Prosoplegia With Right Frontal Neurodegeneration

Affective prosody and facial expression are essential components of human communication. Aprosodic syndromes are associated with focal right cerebral lesions that impair the affective-prosodic aspects of language, but are rarely identified because affective prosody is not routinely assessed by clinicians. Inability to produce emotional faces (affective prosoplegia) is a related and important aspect of affective communication has overlapping neuroanatomic substrates with affective prosody. We describe a patient with progressive aprosodia and prosoplegia who had right greater than left perisylvian and temporal atrophy with an anterior predominance. We discuss the importance of assessing affective prosody and facial expression to arrive at an accurate clinical diagnosis.
Patient health literacy and the receipt of opioids in the emergency department.

Objective: Assess relationships between patient health literacy and formal education and use of opioids during and following an emergency department (ED) visit. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: Academic ED. Participants: Adults aged ≥ 60 years presenting to the ED with musculoskeletal pain. Main outcome measures: Opioid use during and after an ED visit. Results: In a sample of 136 patients, patients with low health literacy were more likely to receive an opioid in the ED than patients with high health literacy (70 percent vs 52 percent; 18 percent difference, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –1 percent, 35 percent), receive an opioid prescription (63 percent vs 44 percent; 19 percent difference, 95% CI: 1 percent, 37 percent), and take opioids during the week following the ED visit (48 percent vs 29 percent; 18 percent difference, 95% CI: 0 percent, 36 percent). Conclusions: A greater proportion of older adults receiving ED care for musculoskeletal pain with low health literacy receive and use opioids during and following an ED visit.
Circulating levels of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2, but not prohibitin, are lower in humans with type 2 diabetes and correlate with brachial artery flow-mediated dilation.

Excessive reactive oxygen species from endothelial mitochondria in type 2 diabetes individuals (T2DM) may occur through multiple related mechanisms, including production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), inner mitochondrial membrane (Δψm) hyperpolarization, changes in mitochondrial mass and membrane composition, and fission of the mitochondrial networks. Inner mitochondrial membrane proteins uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) and prohibitin (PHB) can favorably impact mtROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Circulating levels of UCP2 and PHB could potentially serve as biomarker surrogates for vascular health in patients with and without T2DM. Plasma samples and data from a total of 107 individuals with (N = 52) and without T2DM (N = 55) were included in this study. Brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) was measured by ultrasound. ELISA was performed to measure serum concentrations of PHB1 and UCP2. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured from isolated leukocytes using JC-1 dye. Serum UCP2 levels were significantly lower in T2DM subjects compared to control subjects (3.01 ± 0.34 vs. 4.11 ± 0.41 ng/mL, P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in levels of serum PHB. UCP2 levels significantly and positively correlated with FMDmm (r = 0.30, P = 0.03) in T2DM subjects only and remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Within T2DM subjects, serum PHB levels were significantly and negatively correlated with UCP2 levels (ρ = − 0.35, P = 0.03). Circulating UCP2 levels are lower in T2DM patients and correlate with endothelium-dependent vasodilation in conduit vessels. UCP2 could be biomarker surrogate for overall vascular health in patients with T2DM and merits additional investigation.
Newtonian and Eshelbian Mechanics

The objective of this chapter is to present an introduction to the theory of continuum mechanics of elastic structures. Classical continuum mechanics deals with finding the spatial configuration of an elastic body that is subjected to external forces. This forward problem is attributed to Sir Isaac Newton and therefore termed Newtonian mechanics. In the associated inverse problem, which is attributed to John Douglas Eshelby and therefore termed Eshelbian mechanics, we are concerned with the forces applied to the spatial configuration. In Newtonian mechanics, the applied forces are of a physical nature, and as a result, the associated stress that arises in the spatial configuration of the elastic body is well known as the (physical) Cauchy stress. In Eshelbian mechanics, on the other hand, the deformed elastic body is subjected to so-called material forces, and the resulting stress in the initial configuration (of the forward problem) is termed the (material) Eshelby stress. In this chapter, the stress tensors that naturally appear in both Newtonian and Eshelbian mechanics are systematically derived for both compressible and (nearly) incompressible materials.
A Roadmap for Noninvasive Vascular Laboratory Education

Since 2014, the Registered Physician in Vascular Interpretation (RPVI) designation has been required for a vascular surgery board certification candidate to register for the vascular surgery certif...
Abstract P2-08-11: High prevalence and incidence of new onset diabetes in metastatic breast cancer

Background: The association between pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) and subsequent increased incidence of breast cancer (BC), as well as worse survival after BC diagnosis, is well described. However, the reverse relationship of BC or metastases to development of new onset DM is unknown. Preclinical evidence suggests that increased bone destruction due to bone metastases or endocrine therapy impairs insulin secretion via TGFβ-mediated oxidation of the ryanodine receptor in pancreatic β- cells, predisposing patients to development of new onset DM. This analysis describes the prevalence and new onset of DM in metastatic BC compared to matched, unaffected controls and non-metastatic BC. Methods: This retrospective study collected data on women from the Indiana Network for Patient Care (INPC, a multi-health system electronic health record data warehouse), and the Indiana State Department of Health Cancer Registry from 2015 to 2017. Diagnosis of BC and metastases were established using ICD codes from INPC and confirmed in the cancer registry. DM was defined using a combination of ICD codes, diabetic medication prescriptions, and hemoglobin A1c >6.5%. Controls without BC were matched to all BC cases by birth year and race. The prevalence of DM before, or Results: Any DM diagnosis, pre-existing DM, and new onset DM were higher in breast cancer cases compared to controls (Table). While pre-existing DM was similar between those with metastatic and non-metastatic DM (35.0% vs. 32.2%, p=0.22), new onset DM was higher in metastatic disease compared to non-metastatic BC (14.4% vs. 7.0%, p Conclusions: Diabetes is highly prevalent in this Indiana BC cohort. Incidence of new onset DM after BC is higher in those with metastatic BC compared to both controls and BC cases without metastatic disease. Hemoglobin A1c was highest in those with bone metastases, further supporting the hypothesis that bone turnover may influence insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Additional investigation will analyze the influence of medications (chemo-, endocrine, and bone protective therapy) on development of DM. As more patients live longer with metastatic BC, identification and management of DM will be imperative given its impact on BC survival, treatment delivery, healthcare costs, and quality of life. Citation Format: Tarah Ballinger, Sarah El-Azab, Ziyue Liu, Theresa Guise, Erik Imel. High prevalence and incidence of new onset diabetes in metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-11.
The anti-glioblastoma effect of cold atmospheric plasma treatment: physical pathway v.s. chemical pathway

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a near room temperature ionized gas, has shown potential application in many branches of medicine, particularly in cancer treatment. In previous studies, the biological effect of CAP on cancer cells and other mammalian cells has been based solely on the chemical factors in CAP, particularly the reactive species. Therefore, plasma medicine has been regarded as a reactive species-based medicine, and the physical factors in CAP such as the thermal effect, ultraviolet irradiation, and electromagnetic effect have been regarded as ignorable factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of a physical CAP treatment on glioblastoma cells. For the first time, we demonstrated that the physical factors in CAP could reinstate the positive selectivity on CAP-treated astrocytes. The positive selectivity was a result of necrosis, a new cell death in glioblastoma cells characterized by the leak of bulk water from the cell membrane. The physically-based CAP treatment overcomed a large limitation of the traditional chemically based CAP treatment, which had complete dependence on the sensitivity of cells to reactive species. The physically-based CAP treatment is a potential non-invasive anti-tumor tool, which may have wide application for tumors located in deeper tissues.
Metal organic frameworks synthesized with green chemistry for the removal of silicic acid from aqueous solutions

Abstract The fundamentals of silicic acid sorption on customized metal organic frameworks (MOFs) synthesized with green chemistry was investigated. The authors appraised the influence of pH, contact time, initial concentration of silicic acid as SiO2 on the sorption effectiveness. In-situ Raman tests confirm that hydroxyl group was involved in the silicic acid sorption process. Batch tests demonstrate that the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model best describe the silicic acid sorption on the MOF-Al while the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model can best describe the sorption on the MOF-Fe and MOF-Cu. The maximum experimental silicic acid sorption capacity was 182.2 mg SiO2/g for MOF-Al, 157.7 mg SiO2/g for MOF-Fe and 201.4 mg SiO2/g for MOF-Cu. The MOF-Fe and MOF-Cu are the most promising variation as they represent the most robust materials tested.
How has the health of college students changed in the last 50 years

The American College Health Association (ACHA) is marking the completion of its 100th year this month. The challenges faced, opportunities seized and advances made in the last 50 years are well des...
Review of "Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice," 2nd ed.

REFERENCE: Angi M. Christensen, Nicholas V. Passalacqua, Eric J. Bartelink. Forensic Anthropology, Current Methods and Practice. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 2019. 520 pp.
Relationships Between Time-at-Bedside During Hospital Ward Rounds, Clinician–Patient Agreement, and Patient Experience:

Hospital medicine ward rounds are often conducted away from patients’ bedsides, but it is unknown if more time-at-bedside is associated with improved patient outcomes. Our objective is to measure t...
Delayed reward discounting and increased risk for suicide attempts among U.S. adults with probable PTSD

Abstract Background PTSD is an established risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide death, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. The present study examined associations among delayed reward discounting—the balance between smaller immediate available rewards versus larger delayed rewards—self-reported PTSD symptoms, and recent suicide attempts among individuals reporting suicide ideation within the past year. Methods A cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults completed the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5, the 21-item Monetary Choice Questionnaire, and the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Revised. Analyses of variance and multinomial regression models were used to test associations among variables. Results Among participants reporting suicide ideation within the past year, discount rates were significantly higher among those reporting more PTSD symptoms and a past-year suicide attempt, suggesting these participants expressed a preference for immediately available rewards. Conclusions Choice behavior among individuals reporting many PTSD symptoms and a recent suicide attempt is influenced to a greater degree by immediately available rewards. Sensitivity to immediate rewards at the expense of larger delayed rewards may reflect a vulnerability for suicidal behavior among individuals screening positive for PTSD.
Osteoporosis and Hip Fractures

Hip fractures due to osteoporosis have become a major public health concern impacting both healthcare expenditure and patient outcomes. Despite established interventions, 1 year patient mortality is approximately 25 %. A majority of patients who experience a hip fracture suffer residual functional impairments and are at greater risk of subsequent fracture. This chapter will discuss the prevention of osteoporotic hip fractures through the use of a metabolic bone evaluation in order to reduce costs, morbidity, and mortality. In addition, this chapter will also review different types of fragility fractures, which are a major consequence of osteoporosis. Both surgical and pharmacological strategies for the treatment of osteoporotic fragility fractures of both the hip and pelvis are also reviewed in this chapter. A brief introduction of the dynamics of a fracture liaison service will be provided in order to establish a logarithm for anti-osteoporotic care. Overall, this chapter will discuss osteoporosis management, fragility fracture risk factors, and interventions to treat and prevent osteoporosis-related fragility fractures.
Influences of the biophysical environment on blister rust and mountain pine beetle, and their interactions, in whitebark pine forests

Aim To understand how the biophysical environment influences patterns of infection by non-native blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola) and mortality caused by native mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) communities, to determine how these disturbances interact, and to gain insight into how climate change may influence these patterns in the future. Location High-elevation forests in south-west Montana, central Idaho, eastern and western Oregon, USA. Methods Stand inventory and dendroecological methods were used to assess stand structure and composition and to reconstruct forest history at sixty 0.1-ha plots. Patterns of blister rust infection and mountain pine beetle-caused mortality in whitebark pine trees were examined using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U-tests, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov two-sample tests. Stepwise regression was used to build models of blister rust infection and mountain pine beetle-related mortality rates based on a suite of biophysical site variables. Results Occurrence of blister rust infections was significantly different among the mountain ranges, with a general gradient of decreasing blister rust occurrence from east to west. Evidence of mountain pine beetle-caused mortality was identified on 83% of all dead whitebark pine trees and was relatively homogenous across the study area. Blister rust infected trees of all ages and sizes uniformly, while mountain pine beetles infested older, larger trees at all sites. Stepwise regressions explained 64% and 58% of the variance in blister rust infection and beetle-caused mortality, respectively, indicating that these processes are strongly influenced by the biophysical environment. More open stand structures produced by beetle outbreaks may increase the exposure of surviving whitebark pine trees to blister rust infection. Main conclusions Variability in the patterns of blister rust infection and mountain pine beetle-caused mortality elucidated the fundamental dynamics of these disturbance agents and suggests that the effects of climate change will be complex in whitebark pine communities and vary across the species’ range. Interactions between blister rust and beetle outbreaks may accelerate declines or facilitate the rise of rust resistance in whitebark pine depending on forest conditions at the time of the outbreak.
Polyakov―Nambu―Jona-Lasinio model for adjoint fermions with periodic boundary conditions

Recent work on QCD-like theories has shown that the addition of adjoint fermions obeying periodic boundary conditions to gauge theories on ${R}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{1}$ can lead to a restoration of center symmetry and confinement for sufficiently small circumference $L$ of ${S}^{1}$. At small $L$, perturbation theory may be used reliably to compute the effective potential for the Polyakov loop $P$ in the compact direction. Periodic adjoint fermions act in opposition to the gauge fields, which by themselves would lead to a deconfined phase at small $L$. In order for the fermionic effects to dominate gauge field effects in the effective potential, the fermion mass must be sufficiently small. This indicates that chiral symmetry breaking effects are potentially important. We develop a Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model which combines the known perturbative behavior of adjoint QCD models at small $L$ with chiral symmetry breaking effects to produce an effective potential for the Polyakov loop $P$ and the chiral order parameter $\overline{\ensuremath{\psi}}\ensuremath{\psi}$. A rich phase structure emerges from the effective potential. Our results are consistent with the recent lattice simulations of Cossu and D'Elia, which found no evidence for a direct connection between the small-$L$ and large-$L$ confining regions. Nevertheless, the two confined regions are connected indirectly if an extended field theory model with an irrelevant four-fermion interaction is considered. Thus the small-$L$ and large-$L$ regions are part of a single confined phase.