cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Based Detection of Gray-Hole Attack in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Ad-hoc network consists of a cluster of mobile nodes. Data transfer among these nodes is achieved by effective communication between them. The absence of a base system makes substantial security an issue. The ad-hoc networks communication is based on a cooperative environment, which is prone to many network-based attacks. One such attack is Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. Therefore there is a need to develop an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for malicious activity detection. In this paper, an Intrusion Detection System is proposed to detect one type of DDoS attack known as Gray-hole attack by using machine learning approach to predict malicious activities. The proposed model utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the malicious and non-malicious activity of the nodes. Experiment results show that the proposed model achieves 80% accuracy.
Sense and Sensibility of Oxygen in Pathophysiology Using EPR Oximetry

Physiological homeostasis in aerobic organisms is strictly maintained by optimal cellular and tissue oxygen levels through intricate oxygen-sensing mechanisms, signaling cascades, and transport processes. Molecular oxygen is at the center of oxygenation, oxidative phosphorylation, and oxidative stress. An increase (hyperoxia) or decrease (hypoxia) in cellular oxygen level may result in altered cell-signaling cascades and redox imbalance leading to pathophysiological processes including cell death and tissue damage. Hypoxia has been implicated as a critical factor influencing the outcomes for several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease), cancer, wound healing, and diabetic foot ulcer. The capability to measure tissue oxygenation in a reliable and repeated manner will be immensely useful for correct prognosis and treatment. This chapter focuses on the methods, particularly electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry for quantitative measurement of tissue oxygenation using implantable oxygen sensors. Representative examples for cardiovascular and cancer applications are presented.
Using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to evaluate the importance of a suite of environmental variables and to predict recruitment of young-of-the-year spotted seatrout in Florida

Abstract Environmental factors strongly influence the success of juvenile fish recruitment and productivity, but species-specific environment-recruitment relationships have eluded researchers for decades. Most likely, this is because the environment-recruitment relationship is nonlinear, there are multi-level interactions between factors, and environmental variability may differentially affect recruitment among populations due to spatial heterogeneity. Identifying the most influential environmental variables may result in more accurate predictions of future recruitment and productivity of managed species. Here, gradient tree boosting was implemented using XGBoost to identify the most important predictors of recruitment for six estuary populations of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), an economically valuable marine resource in Florida. XGBoost, a machine learning method for regression and classification, was employed because it inherently models variable interactions and seamlessly deals with multi-collinearity, both of which are common features of ecological datasets. Additionally, XGBoost operates at a speed faster than many other gradient boosting algorithms due to a regularization factor and parallel computing functionality. In this application of XGBoost, the results indicate that the abundance of pre-recruit, juvenile spotted seatrout in spatially distinct estuaries is influenced by nearly the same set of environmental predictors. But perhaps of greater importance is that the results of this study show that this algorithm is highly effective at predicting species abundance and identifying important environmental factors (i.e. predictors of recruitment). It is strongly encouraged that future research explore the applicability of the XGBoost algorithm to other topics in marine and fisheries science and compare its performance to that of other statistical methods.
AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF CORN ON THE COB GROWN ON RESIDUAL ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZATION USED IN INDUSTRIAL TOMATO CROP

The study evaluated the agronomic performance of green maize grown on residual organomineral fertilization used in the industrial tomato crop. The randomized block design was used, with three replications and eight treatments as follows: control (without fertilizer application); mineral fertilizer; cattle manure; organomineral with cattle manure + MAP (monoammonium phosphate); chicken manure; organomineral with chicken manure + MAP; broiler litter; and organomineral with broiler litter + MAP. All of those treatments were applied to the tomato crop that preceded the green maize crop. After the tomato harvest, maize was sown in the same tomato growing row. Growth variables of green maize plants and ears were evaluated. The green maize grown in areas with residues of chicken and cattle manure, used as fertilizers in the tomato crop preceding the maize crop, resulted in a number of commercial ears similar to when mineral fertilizer was used. The same similar results were obtained for ear quality and yield. The use of organic fertilizers in the industrial tomato crop presented high viability, which made possible to replace the use of mineral fertilizers in the subsequent green maize crop.
Separating Nuclear Reactors from the Power Block with Heat Storage to Improve Economics with Dispatchable Heat and Electricity

Markets are changing as the result of (1) the addition of variable wind and solar that causes highly volatile electricity prices and (2) the goal of a low-carbon economy. These changes require econ...
Qigong: A Bibliography of Books and Other Materials

Qigong has been around for more than 4,000 years. It contains aspects of martial arts, philosophy, theology, mindfulness, meditation, exercise, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It is a subfield of health economics. Practicing qigong exercises on a regular basis can improve health and cause the body to function more efficiently. Thus, it is also a subfield of applied microeconomics in the sense that it increases efficiency. Numerous medical studies have been done on the effect of qigong on various health conditions. This bibliography includes books and some other materials that have been published on qigong. The present bibliography is part of a series on the economics of qigong. Other studies in this series are listed at the end of this bibliography.
Can Airport Congestion be Anticipated? A Case Study of the Three Largest New York Airports

In this study, the author first presents a methodology for identifying congested hours. The author next examines how delays in key airport operational variables my affect the odds of congestion. The author then uses count data regression analysis for identifying the factors most likely to predict the number of delayed airport departures and arrivals. Summer 2007 data from Newark Liberty International, New York John F. Kennedy International, and New York LaGuardia airports are used in the study. The author concludes that management of taxi operations and total available capacity are key to minimizing the existence of congestion.
Managing Parks as Human Ecosystems

It is late spring in a western national park. As the air and soil warm with longer days, the snow melts, and the alpine meadows are increasingly uncovered. Bear move in the lower valleys, and backpackers begin a yearly migration along their favorite routes to camping sites at the high elevations. As the spring turns to early summer, the number of employees and visitors climb, gift shops and restaurants open, the payrolls grow, electricity, water, and gasoline consump tion rise. Underground, sewer systems flow at increased rates, leach fields swell, wildflowers break through along roadways and trails. The pace of life in the park quickens, for the deer, elk, fish, and people.
Diffuse optical tomography using a linear matrix inequality algorithm in an admissible solution approach

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an emerging medical imaging modality offering the possibility of recovering the distribution of optical absorption and scattering coefficients, and from them localize metabolic parameters such as oxygen saturation or neural activity, using nonionizing near-IR light. However it requires solving a badly ill-posed inverse problem. In this article we discuss the formulation of the DOT problem that uses an efficient interior-point-type optimization algorithm to find a DOT inverse solution in an admissible solution scenario. We present simulation results verifying the effectiveness of the approach.
Lingual mandibular bone vavity concomitant with a dentigerous cyst. A clinical and histologic report.

Abstract A case of lingual mandibular bone cavity has been reported. Microscopically, it was composed of a mucocele which contained salivary gland tissue in its wall. Two explanations have been advanced to explain the presence of salivary gland tissue within the mandible, and a hypothesis has been presented to explain the development of this bony cavity. In view of the microscopic variance of this lesion and the fact that these lesions simply do not fit the definition of a cyst, it is hoped that the terms static, solitary, or latent bone cysts will be discarded in favor of the term lingual mandibular bone cavity , as advocated by Olech and Arora. 1
Moisture movement in wood polypropylene composites.

Moisture movement in an extruded wood polypropylene composite was evaluated by exposure to high humidity and immersion of the material in both fresh and seawater. The saturation moisture content was approximately 20 and 19% when exposed to distilled water and seawater, respectively. The moisture diffusion coefficient (Dm) of thin specimens exposed to high humidity was 3.4 × 10−8 cm2\( / \)s. The Dm of small cubic specimens with extruded surfaces removed submerged in distilled water and seawater were estimated to be 3.1 and 2.3 × 10−8 cm2\( / \)s, respectively. Use of these diffusion coefficients overestimates the rate of moisture movement in larger extrusion profiles indicating the role of transport phenomenon other than diffusion.
A signal sequence mediates the retrograde transport of proteins from the axon periphery to the cell body and then into the nucleus

The presynaptic terminal and axon of neurons can undergo structural changes in response to environmental signals. Since these changes require protein synthesis in the cell body, the needs of the periphery must somehow be communicated to the cell soma. To look for such a mechanism, we used artificial protein constructs with properties expected of a signal that is transported from the axon to the nucleus. One construct consisted of the nuclear import signal peptide (sp) of the SV40 large T antigen, coupled to human serum albumin (HSA) and rhodamine (r). When injected into the axoplasm of Aplysia californica neurons in vitro, the rHSA-sp was transported in the retrograde direction through the axon to the cell body and then into the nucleus. Little, if any, moved in the anterograde direction toward growth cones. The retrograde movement of injected rHSA-sp was rapid (greater than 25 mm/d) and depended upon intact microtubules. The sp portion of rHSA-sp provided access to both the retrograde transport system and the nuclear import apparatus. Thus, rHSA was not transported at all, but accumulated in organelles near the injection site. Also, rHSA-sp containing an sp with a Lys to Thr substitution, which is known to reduce nuclear import markedly, was transported only poorly. To look for endogenous molecules that use this system, we affinity-purified a rabbit polyclonal antibody to the signal sequence. The antibody recognized an 83 kDa polypeptide on Western blots of Aplysia nervous tissue. These data indicate that Aplysia neurons contain the machinery to convey macromolecules from the axon periphery to the nucleus.
Modulation of lateral geniculate nucleus cell responsiveness by visual activation of the corticogeniculate pathway

A radial grating stimulus was used to assess the effect of stimulation of the region beyond the classical surround of monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) receptive fields. The effect was measured by the differences in the responsiveness of the LGN cell center to small flashing spots between two conditions: (1) grating stationary or (2) grating rotating. The grating was present only in regions beyond the classical center and surround. The rotating grating produced changes in the flash-evoked spike response but not in the spontaneous activity in about half of the X cells and all of the Y cells. The direction of the effect was independent of the sign of the receptive field center. In a control experiment, cryogenic blockade of striate cortex reversed the effect in all cells tested. The grating effect was still present for cells having fields in that part of visual space beyond the region represented by the cooled cortical area. The effect was not a result of activation of classical extra-receptive field influences, since cells showing the effect did not exhibit shift or periphery effects or outer disinhibitory surrounds. The effect was not seen in recordings from intrageniculate retinal axons. We conclude that the radial grating effects LGN cell responsivity by activation of the corticogeniculate pathway.
Forced volume magnetostriction in composite Gd5Si2Ge2

A -1200 ppm forced volume magnetostriction has been obtained in a [0-3], resin-bonded, Gd 5 Si 2 Ge 2 particulate composite. The strain is a result of a magnetically induced phase transformation from a high volume (high temperature, low magnetic field) monoclinic phase to a low volume (low temperature, high magnetic field) orthorhombic phase. The particles used in the composite were ball-milled from a bulk sample and sieved to obtain a size distribution of ≤600 μm. Bulk Gd 5 Si 2 Ge 2 was manufactured via arc melting and subsequently annealed at 1300 °C for 1 hour to produce a homogenous, polycrystalline sample. The transformation temperatures of the bulk sample, as measured using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), were M s = -9.3 °C, M f = -14.6 °C, A s = -4.4 °C, and A f = -1.2 °C. The composite and the bulk samples were magnetically characterized using a SQUID magnetometer , and found to undergo a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition during the phase transformation, consistent with published results. The bulk sample was also found to possess a maximum linear magnetostriction of -2500 ppm.
Horizontal and Vertical Inequity in Real Property Taxation

This paper examines the extant literature on horizontal and vertical inequity in the taxation of real property. Some major conclusions from the literature are: (a) horizontal inequity may occur fro...
Regulation of p38 MAPK by MAPK Kinases 3 and 6 in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes

The p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway is a key regulator of IL-1 and TNF-α production in rheumatoid arthritis. Previous studies demonstrated that upstream MAPK kinases (MKK3 and MKK6) that regulate p38 are activated in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. However, their functional relevance in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) has not been determined. To investigate the relative contribution of MKK3 and MKK6 to p38 activation, the effect of dominant-negative (DN) MKK3 and MKK6 constructs on cultured FLS was evaluated. Cultured FLS were stimulated with medium or IL-1β, and immunoblotting was performed. In some experiments, cells were lysed and immunoprecipitated with anti-p38 Ab, followed by in vitro kinase assay with [γ-32P]ATP and GST-activating transcription factor-2 as substrate. IL-1β rapidly induced p38 phosphorylation in cells transfected with empty vector (pcDNA3.1), but was inhibited by 25% in cells expressing DN MKK3 or DN MKK6. Cotransfection with both DN plasmids decreased phospho-p38 by almost 75%. In vitro kinase assays on IL-1-stimulated FLS also showed that the combination of DN MKK3 and DN MKK6 markedly decreased kinase activity compared with empty vector or the individual DN plasmids. Furthermore, IL-1β-induced IL-8, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 protein production was significantly inhibited in DN MKK3/DN MKK6-transfected cells. The constructs had no effect on the respective mediator mRNA levels. These data demonstrate that MKK3 and MKK6 make individual contributions to p38 activation in FLS after cytokine stimulation, but that both must be blocked for maximum inhibition.
A library of function classes

We have written a library of function classes in C++, which is distributed as part of the CLHEP foundation class libraries for High Energy Physics. The main goals of the library are to provide objects having all the mathematical behavior of functions, and to provide a mechanism for parameterizing these functions. Our functions support all the normal function operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, composition, et. cetera. The library allows programmers to compose complicated one-or multi-dimensional functions with great economy and natural semantics.
Light-Emitting Diodes: Design of current flow

LEDs may be grown on conductive and insulating substrates. Whereas the current flow is mostly vertical (normal to the substrate plane) in structures grown on conductive substrates, it is mostly lateral (horizontal) in devices grown on insulating substrates. The location and size of ohmic contacts are relevant to light extraction, because metal contacts are opaque. The current chapter discusses the current flow patterns of different device structures aimed at high extraction efficiency. Current-spreading layer In LEDs with thin top confinement layers, the current is injected into the active region mostly under the top electrode. Thus, light is generated under an opaque metal electrode. This results in a low extraction efficiency. This problem can be avoided with a current-spreading layer that spreads the current under the top electrode to regions not covered by the opaque top electrode. The current-spreading layer is synonymous with the window layer . The term window layer is occasionally used to emphasize the transparent character of this layer and its ability to enhance the extraction efficiency. The usefulness of current-spreading layers was realized during the infancy of LEDs. Nuese et al . (1969) demonstrated a substantial improvement of the optical output power in GaAsP LEDs by employing a current-spreading or window layer. The window layer is the top semiconductor layer located between the upper cladding layer and the top ohmic contact. The effect of a current-spreading layer is illustrated in Fig. 8.1.
Myocardial T1 mapping at 3.0 tesla using an inversion recovery spoiled gradient echo readout and bloch equation simulation with slice profile correction (BLESSPC) T1 estimation algorithm.

Background To develop an accurate and precise myocardial T1 mapping technique using an inversion recovery spoiled gradient echo readout at 3.0 Tesla (T). Theory and Methods The modified Look-Locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) sequence was modified to use fast low angle shot (FLASH) readout, incorporating a BLESSPC (Bloch Equation Simulation with Slice Profile Correction) T1 estimation algorithm, for accurate myocardial T1 mapping. The FLASH-MOLLI with BLESSPC fitting was compared with different approaches and sequences with regards to T1 estimation accuracy, precision and image artifact based on simulation, phantom studies, and in vivo studies of 10 healthy volunteers and three patients at 3.0 Tesla. Results The FLASH-MOLLI with BLESSPC fitting yields accurate T1 estimation (average error = −5.4 ± 15.1 ms, percentage error = −0.5% ± 1.2%) for T1 from 236–1852 ms and heart rate from 40–100 bpm in phantom studies. The FLASH-MOLLI sequence prevented off-resonance artifacts in all 10 healthy volunteers at 3.0T. In vivo, there was no significant difference between FLASH-MOLLI-derived myocardial T1 values and “ShMOLLI+IE” derived values (1458.9 ± 20.9 ms versus 1464.1 ± 6.8 ms, P = 0.50); However, the average precision by FLASH-MOLLI was significantly better than that generated by “ShMOLLI+IE” (1.84 ± 0.36% variance versus 3.57 ± 0.94%, P < 0.001). Conclusion The FLASH-MOLLI with BLESSPC fitting yields accurate and precise T1 estimation, and eliminates banding artifacts associated with bSSFP at 3.0T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.
A Rasch Analysis of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory–3

Rasch analysis of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory–3 (SASSI-3; F. G. Miller & Lazowski, 1999) indicated that the SASSI-3 meets fundamental measurement properties; however, the authors of the current study recommend the elimination of nonfunctioning items and the improvement of response options for the face valid scales to increase functioning and ease of use.
Substance Abuse, Aggressive Behaviors, and Cultural Identity Among Jamaican Adolescents

ABSTRACT The present study examined the extent to which cultural identity is related to substance abuse and aggressive behaviors among Jamaican adolescents. The data used in the analysis was derived from a sample of 80 Jamaican adolescents, aged 13-18. The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System questionnaires were used to record the responses regarding the sample's substance abuse and aggressive behaviors. Results indicated that the ethnic identity search emerged as a statistically significant predictor of cigarette use. Likewise, the relationship between marijuana and cigarettes; cigarettes and other drugs; and marijuana and other drugs denoted some significance. These findings are discussed in addition to limitations and implications.
Analysis of Calculated Normal Modes of a Set of Native and Partially Unfolded Proteins

To determine the effect on the normal modes of the multiminimum surface of the protein native state, calculations have been done for a series of conformations and different crystal structures of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). The conformations were generated by molecular dynamics calculations. The results indicate that the conformational space spanned by the 75 (BPTI) and 130 (HEWL) low-frequency normal modes, which account for approximately 90% of the atomic fluctuations, is relatively invariant with respect to different conformations in the native state manifold. However, the space spanned by the first three normal modes of the conformation is more variable. The overlap of the low-frequency normal modes of the native conformations with two (partially) unfolded HEWL structures is considerably lower. It is shown that averaging over the normal-mode results from an ensemble of native conformations smoothens the density of states curve and improves the agreement...
Polynomial interpolation in R3

In this article, we exhibit a 12-dimensional subspace G of polynomials of three variables of degree 3 which interpolates at an arbitrary 4 points, i.e., for every four distinct points u"1, u"2, u"3, u"4 @? R"3 and for every function @? @? C(R"3), there exists a function g @? G such that g(uj) = @? (uj), for j = 1, 2, 3, 4.
What is the role of EUS in screening for chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is a difficult disease to diagnose, particularly in its early stages. EUS has been increasingly used as a method for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis because of its ability to generate high-resolution images of the pancreas. This Viewpoint examines the practical role of EUS as screening tool for chronic pancreatitis, and compares it with other diagnostic modalities.
TAK1 regulates cartilage and joint development via the MAPK and BMP signaling pathways.

The importance of canonical transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during cartilage and joint development is well established, but the necessity for noncanonical (SMAD-independent) signaling during these processes is largely unknown. TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a MAP3K activated by TGF-β, BMP, and other mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling components. We set out to define the potential role for noncanonical, TAK1-mediated signaling in cartilage and joint development via deletion of Tak1 in chondrocytes (Col2Cre;Tak1f/f) and the developing limb mesenchyme (Prx1Cre;Tak1f/f). Deletion of Tak1 in chondrocytes resulted in novel embryonic developmental cartilage defects including decreased chondrocyte proliferation, reduced proliferating chondrocyte survival, delayed onset of hypertrophy, reduced Mmp13 expression, and a failure to maintain interzone cells of the elbow joint, which were not observed previously in another Col2Cre;Tak1f/f model. Deletion of Tak1 in limb mesenchyme resulted in widespread joint fusions likely owing to the differentiation of interzone cells to the chondrocyte lineage. The Prx1Cre;Tak1f/f model also allowed us to identify novel columnar chondrocyte organization and terminal maturation defects owing to the interplay between chondrocytes and the surrounding mesenchyme. Furthermore, both our in vivo models and in vitro cell culture studies demonstrate that loss of Tak1 results in impaired activation of the downstream MAPK target p38, as well as diminished activation of the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TAK1 is a critical regulator of both MAPK and BMP signaling and is necessary for proper cartilage and joint development. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Implementation and Validation of Trial-Based Functional Analyses in Public Elementary School Settings

Although functional analysis (FA) remains the standard for identifying the function of problem behavior for students with developmental disabilities, traditional FA procedures are typically costly in terms of time, resources, and perceived risks. Preliminary research suggests that trial-based FA may be a less costly alternative. The purpose of this study was to add to the burgeoning evidence on trial-based FA. Working with students with disabilities, school-based paraprofessionals conducted trial-based FAs for four students with developmental disabilities emitting high-frequency problem behavior. We then conducted brief contingency reversals to assess validity of hypotheses derived from the trial-based FA. Results of the present study add to the small but growing evidence base validating the trial-based FA as a practical and flexible alternative to the standard FA in school settings.
Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric MALT lymphoma in liver transplant recipients.

Background. Immunosuppressed transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing several forms of malignancy. The aim of this study is to report the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of four liver transplant recipients with Helicobacter pylori–associated gastric mucosae-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Methods. The medical records of four liver transplant recipients with gastric MALT lymphoma were reviewed. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr–encoded ribonucleic acid was performed on formalin-fixed tissues. Results. All four subjects presented with abdominal symptoms at a mean of 6.1 years posttransplant. Ulcerative lesions biopsied at endoscopy demonstrated early-stage gastric MALT lymphoma with associated Helicobacter pylori gastritis. In situ hybridization revealed no evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in examined tissues. Antibiotic eradication of Helicobacter pylori lead to disease remission in three subjects with a mean follow-up of 21 months, and one subject failed to respond to antibiotics and radiation therapy and died from metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusions. Early-stage, low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma that was associated with Helicobacter pylori gastritis responded to antibiotic therapy with a sustained clinical remission in three of four treated subjects. If other studies confirm a higher than expected incidence of gastric MALT lymphoma in immunosuppressed transplant recipients with Helicobacter pylori infection, screening and treating Helicobacter pylori infection in selected transplant patients may prove beneficial.
Prostate cancer: correlation of MR imaging and MR spectroscopy with pathologic findings after radiation therapy-initial experience.

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy for depiction of local prostate cancer recurrence after external-beam radiation therapy, with step-section pathologic findings as the standard of reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study received institutional approval, and written informed consent was obtained. Study was compliant with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Sextant biopsy, digital rectal examination, MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and salvage radical prostatectomy with step-section pathologic examination were performed in nine patients with increasing prostate-specific antigen levels after external-beam radiation therapy. MR imaging criterion for tumor was a focal nodular region of reduced signal intensity at T2-weighted imaging. MR spectroscopic criteria for tumor were voxels with choline (Cho) plus creatine (Cr) to citrate (Cit) ratio ([Cho + Cr]/Cit) of at least 0.5 or voxels with detectable Cho and no Cit in the peripheral zone. Sensitiv...
Radioimmunoassay for Plasma Testosterone

A sensitive radioimmunoassay for plasma testosterone has been developed. The antisera used were obtained by immunizing rabbits with testosterone-3-albumin or testosterone- 3-hemocyanin conjugates. Applying a new immunization technique antibodies were obtained in high titer as early as four weeks after immunization. The standard curve of the assay extends over a wide range of dosages (0.025 to 10.0 ng). Reliability criteria are satisfactory. The assay compares favourably with competitive protein binding methods for testosterone. Ein empfindlicher Radioimmunoassay fur Plasma-Testosteron wurde entwickelt. Die verwandten Antiseren wurden durch Immunisierung von Kaninchen mit Testosteron-3-Albuminr oder Testosteron-3-Hemocyanin-Konjugaten gewonnen. Unter Anwendung eines neuen Immunisierungsverfahrens gelang es, Antikorper mit hohen Titern bereits vier Wochen nach der Immunisierung zu erhalten. Die Standardkurve des Assays erstreckt sich uber einen weiten Bereich (0,025 bis 10,0 ng). Die Verlaslichkeitskriterien der Methode sind zufriedenstellend. Der Radioimmunoassay ist vergleichbaren kompetitiven Proteinbindungs-Methoden fur Testosteron uberlegen.
NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR CAUSALITY TESTING IN MULTIVARIATE ARMA MODELS

. The necessary and sufficient conditions for Granger causality are provided. The condition is that some linear combinations of certain elements of AR matrix and certain elements of MA matrix must vanish. It is less restrictive than the condition heretofore utilized in the literature which is only sufficient in which certain elements in AR matrix as well as certain elements in MA matrix themselves are zero. A proper parsimonious parametric test procedure is also established by using the necessary and sufficient condition.
Surface structure and properties of NiZr model metallic glasses: A molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract A systematic study of the surface structure and properties of NiZr model metallic glasses is reported using atomistic simulations. It is found that at low temperatures below the glass transition temperatures, the surface retains the amorphous structure and the surface energy γ is significantly lower (∼50%) than that of the corresponding crystalline alloy constituents. The variation of alloy concentration has little effect on γ ; but increase in cooling rate and annealing temperature can lead to large decrease in γ . At elevated temperatures, γ increases with temperature and surface melting occurs at a temperature about 30% below T g . At all temperatures up to T g , the surface remains atomically smooth.
Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) Presenting as Fever of Undetermined Origin

A retrospective study of the histories of 100 patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis was performed. Fifteen of these patients had "fever of unknown origin" as the initial manifestation of this disease. All 15 had normal leukocyte counts; however, they had significantly lower hemoglobulin and albumin levels (P greater than 0.01) and significantly higher platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and alkaline phosphatase values (P congruent to 0.05) compared to the other 85 patients. In 4 patients, random temporal artery biopsies were performed despite persistently negative results from diagnostic evaluations and in the absence of any symptoms or findings suggestive of arteritis.
Millennial Contrarianism: The Five-Factor Approach to Personality Description 5 Years Later

Abstract Some recent developments with regard to the five-factor approach are reported. Some inconsistencies seem to arise, as reported by a number of investigators. Especially to be noted is the finding that five factors do not encompass wider scans of the inventory domain. Further, the recent introduction of higher order factor analyses suggests that it is possible and conceptually attractive to reduce the five factors to only two broader factors. Finally, a new theoretical offering for the five-factor approach is argued as not intrinsically unique to the five-factor approach but applies instead to almost any personality orientation.
Analysis of different approaches to cross-dock truck scheduling with truck arrival time uncertainty

This paper studies scheduling of inbound trucks at the inbound doors of a cross-dock facility under truck arrival time uncertainty. Arrival time of an inbound truck is considered to be unknown. In particular, the cross-dock operator only acknowledges the arrival time window of each truck, i.e., the lower and upper bounds of any inbound truck's arrival time. In absence of any additional information, the cross-dock operator may use three approaches to determine a scheduling strategy: deterministic approach (which assumes expected truck arrival times are equal to their mid-arrival time windows), pessimistic approach (which assumes the worst truck arrivals will be realized), and optimistic approach (which assumes the best truck arrivals will be realized). In this paper, a bi-level optimization problem is formulated for pessimistic and optimistic approaches. We discuss a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to solve the truck-to-door assignments for given truck arrival times, which solves the deterministic approach. Then the GA is modified to solve the bi-level formulations of the pessimistic and the optimistic approaches. Our numerical studies show that an hybrid approach regarding the pessimistic and the optimistic approaches may outperform all of the three approaches in certain cases.
Using image-based computational modeling to study microstructure-yield correlations in metals

Abstract The potential of image-based computational modeling for determining the microstructural features that cause initial plastic flow (yield) in metals is investigated using a β-Ti alloy as the focus material. A high-fidelity three-dimensional (3-D) morphological and crystallographic description of approximately 100 metallic grains is embedded into crystal plasticity finite-element models to analyze the microscale heterogeneity of material response under a set of loading conditions applied at the mesoscale. Preliminary results show that regardless of the globally applied loading condition most of the plastic flow initially occurs generally within only one of the two grains at a grain boundary. Additionally, it was determined that initial local plastic slip is suppressed in a compliant grain neighbored by relatively stiff grains under multiple loading conditions. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that the image-based modeling framework should be used in conjunction with sophisticated data-mining tools for identification of microstructure–property correlations in polycrystalline metals provided a statistically relevant number of grains are accommodated in the models. However, smaller volumes may still be used to investigate the local effect of microstructural features on mechanical behavior.
Electrical contacts to p-ZnTe

Formation and temperature stability of sputter deposited gold contacts to MBE-grown p-type ZnTe (doped with nitrogen to a free hole concentration of ∼ 3 X10 18 cm -3 ) have been studied using current-voltage (I-V) analysis. The I-V characteristics of ∼ 1500 A Au/p-ZnTe contacts were measured as-deposited and after heat treatments at 150°C, 200°C, 250°C and 350°C for 15 min intervals up to 90 min. As-deposited the contacts were rectifying, but were ohmic after 15 min at all temperatures examined. At longer times at any given temperature the resistance of the samples increased. The resistance also increased more rapidly at 350°C than at lower temperatures. The origins of both the rectifying to ohmic behavior and the increased resistance were discussed.
On Bäcklund Transformations for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, Backlund transformations for nonlinear partial differential equations are obtained without using any structure associated with the equations. We classify all the nonlinear partial differential equations of the form uxxx = F(u, ux, ut) that have Backlund transformations whose definition involves only u, ux, uxx, and a function determined by u, ux, and uxx via an integrable system of two first-order partial differential equations, and we obtain all such Backlund transformations. In particular, a new nonlinear partial differential equation with a Backlund transformation (i.e., uxxx = −32 sin 2uux − 12u3x + ut) is found, and the known Backlund transformations for the KdV equation, the MKdV equation, the potential KdV equation, and the potential MKdV equation are recovered without using any knowledge of these equations. Our method is applicable to many other classes of nonlinear partial differential equations.
Ultrastructure of neurites and meganeurites of cortical pyramidal neurons in feline gangliosidosis as revealed by the combined Golgi-EM technique

Abstract Application of the Golgi-EM technique to the studt of altered cortical pyramidal neuron morphology in feline gangliosidosis has revealed the presence of aberrant synapses in relation to multiple neurites and secondary neurites of meganeurites. In addition fine neurites arising from the soma and meganeurite are found to project into and envelope elements of the sorrounding neuropil. These observations provide further evidence for a disturbance in neuronal surface membrane regulation in ganglioside storage disease.
Angiotensin II Induces afterdepolarizations via reactive oxygen species and calmodulin kinase II signaling

Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors significantly reduce the incidence of arrhythmias. However, the underlying mechanism(s) is not well understood. We aim to test the hypothesis that angiotensin II (Ang II) induces early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and triggered activities (TAs) via the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-ROS-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) pathway. ROS production was analyzed in the isolated rabbit myocytes loaded with ROS dye. Ang II (1-2 μM) increased ROS fluorescence in myocytes, which was abolished by Ang II type 1 receptor blocker losartan, NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, and antioxidant MnTMPyP, respectively. Action potentials were recorded using the perforated patch-clamp technique. EADs emerged in 27 out of 41 (66%) cells at 15.8 ± 1.6 min after Ang II (1-2 μM) perfusion. Ang II-induced EADs were eliminated by losartan, apocynin, or trolox. The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 (n=6) and inhibitory peptide (AIP) (n=4) also suppressed Ang II-induced EADs, whereas the inactive analogue KN-92 did not. Nifedipine, a blocker of L-type Ca current (I(Ca)(2+)(,L)), or ranolazine, an inhibitor of late Na current (I(Na)(+)), abolished Ang II-induced EADs. The effects of Ang II on major membrane currents were evaluated using voltage clamp. While Ang II at same concentrations had no significant effect on total outward K(+) current, it enhanced I(Ca.L) and late I(Na), which were attenuated by losartan, apocynin, trolox, or KN-93. We conclude that Ang II induces EADs via intracellular ROS production through NADPH oxidase, activation of CaMKII, and enhancement of I(Ca,L) and late I(Na). These results provide evidence supporting a link between renin-angiotensin system and cardiac arrhythmias.
Kinetic mechanism of channel opening of the GluRDflip AMPA receptor.

AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system and are essential for brain functions, such as memory and ...
Semiclassical quantization of relative skyrmion-skyrmion motion

Abstract The relative motion of the two-skyrmion system is quantized semiclassically. The reduced mass is calculated as a function of the relative distance and a large enhancement is seen at short distances. An effective momentum-dependent interaction is discussed quantitatively.
Surface geometry of a black hole in a magnetic field

The Gaussian curvature of the event horizon of a black hole embedded in a magnetic field is examined. It is shown that a zone of negative curvature develops if the magnetic field parameter exceeds a certain limit. This particular limit depends on the radius of the black hole. Further, as the magnetic field increases, the polar circumference increases while the equatorial circumference decreases. Possible ramifications to black-hole physics are discussed.
Partitioning and Absolute Flavor Threshold Interactions of Aliphatic Food Packaging Solvent Homologs in High-Fat Cookies

Partition coefficients (Kp) and absolute flavor thresholds were determined in high-fat containing cookies for 9 alipahatic homologs of increasing polarity: three n-alkanes (hexane, heptane, octane), three ketones (acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone) and three alcohols (ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol). Kp increased with carbon chain length in each homologous series. Absolute thresholds of the alkanes increased with carbon chain length but decreased in the ketone and alcohol homologs. Mixtures of homologs at subthreshold and threshold concentrations gave additive interactions while a heterogeneous mixture behaved independently. Calculation of residual concentrations in a cookie package that could produce off-flavor gave different values for mixtures vs. individual solvents.
Co–Rumination in the Friendships of Girls and Boys

This research addresses a new construct, co-rumination. Co-rumination refers to extensively discussing and revisiting problems, speculating about problems, and focusing on negative feelings. Friendship research indicates that self-disclosure leads to close relationships; however, coping research indicates that dwelling on negative topics leads to emotional difficulties. Co-rumination is a single construct that integrates both perspectives and is proposed to be related both to positive friendship adjustment and problematic emotional adjustment. Third-, fifth-, seventh-, and ninth-grade participants (N = 608) responded to questionnaires, including a new measure of co-rumination. Co-rumination was related to high-quality, close friendships and aspects of depression and anxiety. Girls reported co-ruminating more than did boys, which helped to account for girls' more positive friendship adjustment and greater internalizing symptoms. Other analyses addressed whether co-rumination and the related constructs of self-disclosure and rumination had different relations with friendship and emotional adjustment.
13C chemical shift subsitituent parameters for alkyllithium compounds in hydrocarbon solvents

Abstract 13 C chemical shift substituent parameters are presented for carbons α, β, γ, and δ to the lithium atom based on the chemical shifts of 14 6 Li-enriched alkyllithium compounds. The chemical shift of the carbon α to lithium depends on the branching of alkyl group at the α-carbon and on the aggregation state of the alkyllithium compound. Increased branching results in increased upfield shifts. This is interpreted in terms of the varying electronic nature of the alkyllithium compounds. The chemical shift of the carbon β to lithium substitution is shifted downfield approximately 5 ppm from the corresponding carbon in the parent hydrocarbon, irregardless of the alkyl group or the aggregation state of the alkyllithium compound. The chemical shift of the γ-carbon depends on the steric requirements of the alkyl group. Carbons four or more bonds from lithium have the same chemical shift as those of the parent hydrocarbon. The derived chemical shift parameters are used to assign the α-carbons of two alkyllithium compounds formed from the reaction of t-butyllithium and trimethylvinylsilane.
Towards an understanding of the malignant transformation of diploid human fibroblasts

This paper reviews the major reports of the spontaneous or carcinogen-induced transformation of human fibroblasts to the malignant state, to infinite lifespan, or to anchorage independence. In some cases, the transformed cells and the parent cell with which the work began were made available to us to be tested to determine whether the cells shared common isozymes, HLA antigens, restriction-fragment length polymorphisms, marker chromosomes, etc., as one would expect. When we examined the normal fibroblastic cell line KD for these markers, and the transformed HuT cell lines developed from it by Kakunaga (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.), 75, 1334, 1978) for these markers, we found marked differences, indicating that KD cells and HuT cells are derived from different individuals. When we applied these techniques to the 3 human fibroblast cell lines transformed by Namba to acquire infinite lifespan in culture (Gann, 27, 221, 1981), it became clear that KSMT-6 was derived from the parent cell, KMS-6, but that both cell lines CT-1 and SUSM-1 were derived from the same parental cell line, AD387. Similar studies with other sets of cell lines are also reported. In the light of these studies, it appears that there is no example of the malignant transformation of human fibroblasts by carcinogen treatment. However, neoplastic transformation and transformation to infinite lifespan by carcinogen treatment have been achieved by a number of workers. We speculate as to how malignant transformation might be obtained by carcinogen treatment.
The Role of Cysteine-949 in the Binding of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Transforming Growth Factor-β2 to α2-Macroglobulin

Abstract The reaction of α2-macroglobulin (α2M) with proteinases or methylamine causes a major conformational change in α2M and cleavage of the α2M thiol ester bonds. The resulting free Cys residues (Cys-949) contain the only free thiol groups in α2M. In this investigation, we explored the role of Cys-949 in the binding of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2 to α2M-methylamine. Modification of preformed α2M-methylamine with iodoacetamide did not change the binding affinity of α2M-methylamine for TGF-β1 or TGF-β2; the apparent KD values were 82 nM and 10 nM, respectively. TGF-β binding also remained unchanged when tested using an α2M derivative prepared by simultaneous treatment of α2M with methylamine and iodoacetamide. The slow thiol-disulfide exchange reaction that irreversibly stabilizes noncovalent growth factor-α2M-methylamine complexes was completely inhibited by modification of Cys-949. These studies demonstrate that Cys-949 in α2M is not essential for binding of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 noncovalently; however, this residue plays a critical role in the covalent stabilization step of the reaction mechanism.