cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plutonium Elastic Moduli, Electron Localization, and Temperature

In almost all materials, compression is accompanied naturally by stiffening. Even in materials with zero or negative thermal expansion, where warming is accompanied by volume contraction it is the volume change that primarily controls elastic stiffness. Not so in the metal plutonium. In plutonium, alloying with gallium can change the sign of thermal expansion, but for the positive thermal- expansion monoclinic phase as well as the face-centered-cubic phase with either sign of thermal expansion, and the orthorhombic phase, recent measurements of elastic moduli show soften on warming by an order of magnitude more than expected, the shear and compressional moduli track, and volume seems irrelevant. These effects point toward a novel mechanism for electron localization, and have important implication for the pressure dependence of the bulk compressibility. (authors)
An alternative model for fair share allocation of lower income housing

Abstract A linear programming model was developed and presented for fair-share allocation of lower income housing as an alternative to existing heuristic models. The model is applied for the Middlesex County region in pursuit of a regional fair-share of lower income housing needs for the year 1975 for each township in the county. The results are presented and compared with those of the Court's allocation, held by the Superior Court of New Jersey in May 1976 for the Middlesex County region.
Statins in endothelial signaling and activation

Abstract The beneficial effects of statins, the most widely prescribed class of drugs in the world, are now recognized to extend well beyond their lipid-lowering properties. Through a combination o...
Diacylglycerol-induced membrane targeting and activation of protein kinase Cepsilon: mechanistic differences between protein kinases Cdelta and Cepsilon.

Two novel protein kinases C (PKC), PKCδ and PKCϵ, have been reported to have opposing functions in some mammalian cells. To understand the basis of their distinct cellular functions and regulation, we investigated the mechanism of in vitro and cellular sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG)-mediated membrane binding of PKCϵ and compared it with that of PKCδ. The regulatory domains of novel PKC contain a C2 domain and a tandem repeat of C1 domains (C1A and C1B), which have been identified as the interaction site for DAG and phorbol ester. Isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance measurements showed that isolated C1A and C1B domains of PKCϵ have comparably high affinities for DAG and phorbol ester. Furthermore, in vitro activity and membrane binding analyses of PKCϵ mutants showed that both the C1A and C1B domains play a role in the DAG-induced membrane binding and activation of PKCϵ. The C1 domains of PKCϵ are not conformationally restricted and readily accessible for DAG binding unlike those of PKCδ. Consequently, phosphatidylserine-dependent unleashing of C1 domains seen with PKCδ was not necessary for PKCϵ. Cell studies with fluorescent protein-tagged PKCs showed that, due to the lack of lipid headgroup selectivity, PKCϵ translocated to both the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane, whereas PKCδ migrates specifically to the plasma membrane under the conditions in which DAG is evenly distributed among intracellular membranes of HEK293 cells. Also, PKCϵ translocated much faster than PKCδ due to conformational flexibility of its C1 domains. Collectively, these results provide new insight into the differential activation mechanisms of PKCδ and PKCϵ based on different structural and functional properties of their C1 domains.
Prediction of Cladding Temperatures Within a Used Nuclear Fuel Transfer Cask Filled With Rarefied Helium

During the used nuclear fuel vacuum drying process, helium is evacuated to pressures as low as 70 Pa, to promote water vaporization and removal. At these low pressures the gas is rarefied to the extent that there is a temperature jump thermal resistance between the surface and gas. This occurs when the mean free path of a molecule becomes a comparable to the characteristic length of a system. In order to correctly apply this jump model to a nuclear transfer cask, a two dimensional model of parallel plates and concentric cylinders were created using ANSYS/Fluent package. Heat generation was plotted against a variety of relevant pressures. The results in these simple geometries are compared to kinetic model calculations, performed by other investigators, to determine the appropriate collision diameters to use in rarefied helium gas simulations within complex geometries. A two dimensional mesh of a transfer cask containing 24 pressurized water reactor used fuel assemblies is then constructed, and the rarefied gas model was implemented in the helium-filled regions between the fuel and basket support structures. Steady state simulations with a fuel heat generation rate of 710 W/m/assemble shows that the cladding is measurably hotter when the helium gas pressure is reduced from atmospheric conditions ∼105 Pa to 500 Pa. The heat generation rate that brings the peak cladding temperature to a hydride dissolution temperature of 400°C is as much as 10% lower when the gas is at 500 Pa than under atmospheric conditions.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Automated synthesis of a 184-member library of thiadiazepan-1,1-dioxide-4-ones.

The construction of a 225-member (3 × 5 × 15) library of thiadiazepan-1,1-dioxide-4-ones was performed on a Chemspeed Accelerator (SLT-100) automated parallel synthesis platform, culminating in the successful preparation of 184/225 sultams. Three sultam core scaffolds were prepared based upon the utilization of an aza-Michael reaction on a multifunctional vinyl sulfonamide linchpin. The library exploits peripheral diversity in the form of a sequential, two-step [3 + 2] Huisgen cycloaddition/Pd-catalyzed Suzuki−Miyaura coupling sequence.
Transduction of a foreign histocompatibility gene into the arterial wall induces vasculitis

Abstract Autoimmune vasculitis represents a disease characterized by focal inflammation within arteries at multiple sites in the vasculature. Therapeutic interventions in this disease are empirical and often unsuccessful, and the mechanisms of immune injury are not well-defined. The direct transfer of recombinant genes and their expression in the arterial wall provides an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and treatment of vascular disease. In this report, an animal model for vasculitis has been developed. Inflammation has been elicited by direct gene transfer of a foreign class I major histocompatibility complex gene, HLA-B7, to specific sites in porcine arteries. Transfer and expression of this recombinant gene was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and cytolytic T cells specific for HLA-B7 were detected. These findings demonstrate that expression of a recombinant gene in the vessel wall can induce a focal immune response and suggest that vessel damage induced by cell-mediated immune injury can initiate vasculitis.
Atomic physics and non-LTE effects

Pulsed-power-driven z-pinch plasmas are an intense source of soft X-ray radiation producing, on the Z facility, about 2 MJ of total radiation for a number of tungsten loads and in the case of a multiwire titanium array over 1 MJ total radiation and about 100 kJ from the titanium K-shell. The production and transport of radiation in these non-LTE plasmas are often modeled assuming some variation of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) in conjunction with radiation diffusion. Since these plasmas are neither in LTE or entirely opaque or transparent these models do not properly predict the emitted radiation spectra and yield. Also, application of these models overestimates the radiation cooling to the extent that the evolving hydrodynamic profiles are significantly different from those that would obtain using the appropriate non-LTE model with a more realistic treatment of the radiation transport. In this investigation, we discuss the production and transport of radiation from the viewpoint of the microscopic collisional and radiative processes and then apply it to z-pinch plasmas. Through the use of examples and illustrations, it is shown that for identical initial load conditions, atomic level structure, and rate coefficients, the models predict different results that affect the dynamic evolution and hydrodynamic history of the plasma. As an example, the emission spectrum is generated using a 1-D radiation MHD model self-consistently coupled to a circuit representing the Sandia Z facility. A comparison is then made between several standard models of ionization dynamics for a multiwire titanium array. Finally, we address some of the issues regarding how the dense plasma environment influences isolated atom structure and processes. These include, for example, atomic level shifts, ionization lowering, collision cross sections, and collision widths. Transition from the isolated-atom to the dressed-particle picture can modify the ionization physics and emission spectra to such an extent that it may challenge our precepts on how best to design loads for the next generation machine.
Evaluation of a continuing medical education program on toxicologic care

Mercer University School of Medicine conducted continuing medical education (CME) conferences on toxicologic care targeted at primary care physicians and other health care professionals. One group attended a two-day conference and a second group attended a one-day conference with essentially the same curriculum content and design. There was no statistically significant difference in group pretest mean scores (46.8) or posttest mean scores (72.92). Neither was there a difference between groups on gain in test scores. However, there was a statistically significant difference (p < .05) between pretest and posttest scores in both groups. Participants in the two-day conference rated the instructional method, instructional materials, course content, benefits of attendance, and course setting as more satisfying (p < .0001) than participants in the one-day conference. However, satisfac tion levels in both groups were high.
Detection of inadequate effort on the California Verbal Learning Test-Second edition: forced choice recognition and critical item analysis.

The Forced Choice Recognition (FCR) and the Critical Item Analysis (CIA) indices of the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) have been identified by the CVLT-II test developers as potentially useful, brief screening indicators of effort in neuropsychological assessment. This retrospective study analyzes performance on these measures in three groups: (1) clinically referred individuals; (2) forensically referred individuals not suspected of inadequate effort; and (3) forensically referred individuals whose performance on freestanding tests of effort suggested inadequate effort. Performances on FCR were analyzed for their relation to actual memory impairment and with regard to concrete and abstract distractor endorsement. FCR and CIA performances were analyzed for agreement with formal tests of inadequate effort and their test characteristics. Incremental validity was assessed by hierarchical logistic regression with previously identified indices for detection of inadequate effort on the CVLT. Results indicate that (1) FCR and CIA performances are not related to decreased memory performance; (2) FCR and CIA indices exhibit higher specificity and lower sensitivity, with higher positive predictive value than negative predictive value; and (3) FCR and CIA indices exhibit modest incremental validity with previously identified indices. Implications for use of FCR and CIA indices in inadequate effort detection are discussed (JINS, 2006, 12, 688–696.)
Cigarette smoke activates NFκB-mediated Tnf-α release from mouse middle ear cells.

Objectives/Hypothesis Cigarette smoke exposure is a significant risk factor in the development of otitis media. NF-κB is a transcription factor known to mediate cigarette smoke effects in multiple cell types. We hypothesized that stimulation of murine middle ear epithelial cells (MEEC) with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) activates NF-κB resulting in upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
Architects of assembly: roles of Flaviviridae non-structural proteins in virion morphogenesis

Viruses of the Flaviviridae family, including hepatitis C, dengue and bovine viral diarrhoea, are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent advances in our understanding of virion assembly have uncovered commonalities among distantly related members of this family. We discuss the emerging hypothesis that physical virion components are not alone in forming the infectious particle, but that non-structural proteins are intimately involved in orchestrating morphogenesis. Pinpointing the roles of Flaviviridae proteins in virion production could reveal new avenues for antiviral therapeutics.
Stability and electrochemistry of polyacetylene in aqueous media

Abstract Preliminary studies have demonstrated that oxidized (‘p-doped’) polyacetylene, [CH +y (ClO 4 ) y − ] x , is relatively stable in a saturated aqueous solution (5.6 M) of Pb(ClO 4 ) 4 and that it can be reversibly oxidized and reduced electrochemically in this electrolyte. Novel rechargeable battery cells have been constructed using [CH +y (ClO 4 ) y − ] x as the cathode and lead as the anode in this medium. These batteries exhibits good coulombic efficiencies.
Dynamics of smoulder waves near extinction

Smoulder combustion involves a two phase solid/gas reaction inside a porous media that restricts the flow of air. We study opposed flow smoulder, that is, conditions where the smoulder front burns towards an incoming gas that contains oxygen. Thus gas and solid reactants enter the reaction site from the same direction. Extinction occurs when the mass flux of the forced gas is sufficiently high. Asymptotic methods for large activation energy provide us with descriptions of uniformly propagating smoulder waves and their existence (extinction) limit for relevant parameter values. Linear stability analysis shows that the planar uniformly burning smoulder wave can become unstable before extinction. One-dimensional numerical simulations justify these asymptotic results and elucidate the resulting dynamics of the smoulder wave as the incoming gas flux increases. For reasonable parameter values, the system oscillates and then proceeds through a period doubling cascade of bifurcations to chaotic behaviour before e...
Interpretive and mosaicking problems of SLAR imagery

Side-looking airborne radars ground and slant range imagery mosaic preparation and geoscience interpretation, analyzing terrain geometry, radar shadow and layover
Biological oxygen demand dynamics in the lower San Joaquin River, California.

Dissolved oxygen less than 5 mg L-1 (U. S. EPA advisory level) commonly occurs in the lower San Joaquin River (SJR), California. Most acute episodes typically occur in late summer and fall. The oxygen deficit can stress and kill aquatic organisms, often inhibiting the upstream migration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). This 5 year study examined watershed-scale spatial and temporal biological oxygen demand (BOD) loads and the primary components believed to contribute to BOD: ammonium, algal biomass, nonalgal particulate organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved organic nitrogen. Samples were collected bimonthly at 15 sites during the summers of 2000 and 2001 and from three lower mainstem sites from May 2002 to March 2005. BOD loads showed a downstream increase in parallel with increasing algal biomass loads resulting primarily from in-stream growth. BOD loads from measured tributaries and drains accounted for 28% and 39% of the BOD load at the downstream Vernalis site in 2000 a...
Preliminary oscillating fluxes current drive experiment in DIII-D tokamak

Abstract A preliminary oscillating flux helicity injection experiment was done on DIII-D tokamak. The toroidal flux was modulated by programming the plasma elongation. Instead of programming the surface voltage directly, the plasma current was programmed with a periodic modulation at some phase shift. The theoretical basis of this modulation is discussed in terms of the helicity injection and also introduced by cross-field motion of the modulated plasma. Because the primary winding is well coupled with the plasma current and the power supply is strong, the plasma current behaves as programmed. However, as the plasma shape is not coupled strongly with the shaping and equilibrium coils, the elongation amplitude and phase are affected by the change of plasma current and do not behave as programmed. Because of this, the voltage induced by the helicity injection is low, and the experiment did not test the principle of helicity injection. The injection powers of helicity and energy, and the electric field intensity of the helicity injection model and the cross-field motion of plasma are compared with each other experimentally. The improvement necessary to do the experiment is also proposed.
Transport properties of YBa2Cu3O7−σ/ferromagnetic interfaces

Abstract The transport properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−σ /permalloy interfaces as a function of temperature and small magnetic fields are presented. High quality (001) and (100) oriented YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−σ (YBCO) thin films are prepared by the off-axis sputtering technique. Permalloy (Ni 0.8 Fe 0.2 ) films are then deposited on top of the YBCO films, and patterned in order to obtain sub-millimeter contacts. The interface resistances in the normal and superconducting state of the YBCO are measured as a function of an applied magnetic field. The results are discussed in the framework of electron spin transport across the interface and spin diffusion in the bulk of the superconductor.
A Progressive Register Allocator for Irregular Architectures

Register allocation is one of the most important optimizations a compiler performs. Conventional graph-coloring based register allocators are fast and do well on regular, RISC-like, architectures, but perform poorly on irregular, CISC-like, architectures with few registers and non-orthogonal instruction sets. At the other extreme, optimal register allocators based on integer linear programming are capable of fully modeling and exploiting the peculiarities of irregular architectures but do not scale well. We introduce the idea of a progressive allocator. A progressive allocator finds an initial allocation of quality comparable to a conventional allocator, but as more time is allowed for computation the quality of the allocation approaches optimal. This paper presents a progressive register allocator which uses a multi-commodity network flow model to elegantly represent the intricacies of irregular architectures. We evaluate our allocator as a substitute for gcc 's local register allocation pass.
Adsorption of 4-picoline and piperidine to the hydrated SiO2 surface: probing the surface acidity with vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy.

Vapor adsorption is an important process influencing the migration and the fate of many organic pollutants in the environment. In this study, vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was used to study the adsorption of two surface acidity probe molecules, 4-picoline (pKa = 5.94) and piperidine (pKa = 11.24), onto the amorphous SiO2 surface. The adsorption of 4-picoline onto the silica surface occurs by forming weak hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen atoms of 4-picoline molecules and the hydrogen atoms of surface silanol OH groups. Piperidine molecules are strongly chemisorbed onto the SiO2 surface through the protonation of piperidine molecules by surface silanol OH groups. The SFG results indicate that the surface acidity constant of silanol OH groups (pKa(HOSi⋮)) is in the range of 5.94−11.24 at the air/solid interface. Although this range of surface acidity constants is quite wide, it is possible to narrow it by choosing probe molecules with a smaller pKa range. Together with theoretica...
Learning Agility Requires Proper Action Identification

As stated in the focal article, learning agilityrefers to ‘‘the ability to come up to speedquickly in one’s understanding of a situation,and move across ideas flexibly inservice of learning both within and acrossexperiences’’ (DeRue, Ashford, & Myers,2012). A critical element of learning agility,then, is making connections between experiences,especially experiences that occur inseemingly distinct and unrelated situations.DeRue et al. highlight three cognitive processesas being important for making suchconnections: cognitive simulations, counterfactualthinking, and pattern recognition.Together, these three processes capture,respectively, individuals’ abilities to imaginepossible future situations, consider howpast situations may have differed, and to‘‘connect the dots’’ between past and futuresituations.
The Hazard of Cigarette Smoke to Nonsmokers

The hazard of ambient cigarette smoke to nonsmokers is studied by comparing the average dose of exposure to ambient smoke of nonsmokers with the dose of exposure to primary smoke of smokers with due consideration of the possible nonlinear effect on low-density exposures. The maximum risk is estimated by assuming a linear response. The result is that the effect of ambient smoke is 1/13 of that due to primary smoke. Based on the meager information on the nonlinear effect, a minimum estimate is obtained which reduces the risk of ambient smoke to 1/60 of that of primary smoke. Thus the ambient smoke is estimated to cause an excess of deaths between 50,000 and 10,000 a year in a population of 220,000,000, or to reduce the life expectancy by an amount between 225 days and 48 days.
Influence of turbulence scale and structure on individual realisation laser velocimeter biases

Two previously unacknowledged individual realisation laser velocimeter (LV) biases have been identified using a turbulence model consisting of vortical structures. The probable magnitudes have been related to LV parameters and features of the flow, including turbulence length scales. Nine different nondimensionalised parameters are found to influence the bias magnitudes, and error predictions are presented as functions of these nondimensional parameters. Results indicate errors in measured mean velocities and turbulence intensities of 50% and more can be realised by LV signal processing. Examination of experimental data indicates the predictions are of the correct magnitudes. Moreover, an individual realisation LV follows particles for short (but finite) times in the Lagrangian frame. The present predictions indicate that owing to this operating characteristic, measuring scales and understanding of the turbulent structure may be possible with such an instrument.
Elimination of bounds in optimization problems by transforming variables

The problem of minimizing a nonlinear objective function ofn variables, with continuous first and second partial derivatives, subject to nonnegativity constraints or upper and lower bounds on the variables is studied. The advisability of solving such a constrained optimization problem by making a suitable transformation of its variables in order to change the problem into one of unconstrained minimization is considered. A set of conditions which guarantees that every local minimum of the new unconstrained problem also satisfies the first-order necessary (Kuhn—Tucker) conditions for a local minimum of the original constrained problem is developed. It is shown that there are certain conditions under which the transformed objective function will maintain the convexity of the original objective function in a neighborhood of the solution. A modification of the method of transformations which moves away from extraneous stationary points is introduced and conditions under which the method generates a sequence of points which converges to the solution at a superlinear rate are given.
Creativity, humanistic psychology and the American zeitgeist

Abstract One research topic, creativity, and one orientation, Humanistic‐Transpersonal, emerged in American psychology during the 1950's and 1960's. Points of intrinsic relationship between these two are revealed, through historical reflection, to be, not only contributions to, but expressive reactions to the psychology of the time and manifestations of a greater socio‐cultural upheaval in the nation at the time.
The need for comprehensive risk management systems in child welfare

Abstract Risk assessment studies in child welfare have largely focused on identifying individual or family risk factors associated with future harm or on the value of various assessment tools constructed of such factors, paying scant attention to the risk posed by the system and its larger context. These risks include services provided to children and families that have little or no evidence of effectiveness, lack of proper assessment of service needs, inadequate linkage of available services to desired outcomes, and an agency culture that is reactive rather than proactive in its pursuit of risk reduction. Drawing on related literature, this article introduces guidelines for the development and implementation of a comprehensive risk management system in child welfare.
Antenna mechanic-more effective design of mechanical buffers for steerable antennas

Discusses three true stories of catastrophes caused by antenna runaway, gives some design advice on mechanical buffers, and provides a worked example to illustrate the design methods. Although it may seem unlikely that certain events could happen concurrently (stuck limit switch, high wind, etc.), the consequences should be carefully weighed against the cost of designing buffers to prevent equipment damage. Conservation of energy is a very good method of identifying loads. It is also important that the energy balance equation be written with all events (wind torque, motor torque, peak velocity) happening simultaneously. >
Amorphous semiconducting Si:H

Glow discharge decomposition of silane produces amorphous semiconductors which can be doped to be eithern-type orp-type. Since these amorphous silicon films contain between 10–20 atomic per cent hydrogen, the density of undesired defects and localized gap states is very low. As a consequence of the high semiconductor quality of the a-Si:H films, space charge layers adjacent to the surface and substrate interface play an important role in the transport properties. We describe the effect of illumination, thermal treatments and surface layers on the conductance and discuss some difficulties in interpreting the field effect in terms of the bulk density of gap states. The preparation and some characteristic properties of the silicon-hydrogen alloys are described.
Altered stored calcium release in skeletal myotubes deficient of triadin and junctin.

Summary Triadin and junctin are integral sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins that form a macromolecular complex with the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) but their roles in skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Here we report that delivery of siRNAs specific for triadin or junctin into C 2 C 12 skeletal myoblasts reduced the expression of triadin and junctin in 8-day-old myotubes by 80 and 100%, respectively. Knocking down either triadin or junctin in these cells reduced Ca 2+ release induced by depolarization (10 mM KCl) by 20–25%. Unlike triadin knockdown myotubes, junctin knockdown and junctin/triadin double knockdown myotubes also had reduced Ca 2+ release induced by 400 μM 4-chloro- m -cresol, 10 mM caffeine, 400 μM UTP, or 1 μM thapsigargin. Thus, knocking down junctin compromised the Ca 2+ stores in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of these cells. Our subsequent studies showed that in junctin knockdown myotubes at least two sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins (RyR1 and skeletal muscle calsequestrin) were down-regulated while these proteins’ mRNA expression was not affected. The results suggest that triadin has a role in facilitating KCl depolarization-induced Ca 2+ release in contrast to junctin which has a role in maintaining sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ store size in C 2 C 12 myotubes.
Buckeye criticism of the Gettysburg address

(1956). Buckeye criticism of the Gettysburg address. Speech Monographs: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 1-8.
Using Focused Web-based Discussions to Enhance Student Engagement and Deep Understanding*

To increase student engagement and enhance critical thinking and deep understanding, I supplemented weekly seminar meetings with focused Web-based discussions of issues in a “Race and Education” senior sociology seminar. These Web-based discussions were structured by specific questions and discussion roles. Before seminar, Staters posted on the course Web site the most important thing they learned from a reading, describing what was most difficult, and raising new sociological questions. After seminar, Responders replied to the questions and difficulties posted and posed further sociological questions. Two days later, Integrators synthesized and integrated what they had learned that week from others' postings, readings, and seminar discussion, and raised further questions. Analysis of student postings suggests that students' engagement with the ideas of others increased during the semester and their thinking became more complex. This paper discusses the processes that contributed to students' learning and...
SLAW (abstract only): a language free environment—future directions and research

SLAW is a language free environment based on structure chart techniques presented in the Tulane University Department of Computer Science introductory classes [LAW83] [LAW86]. SLAW is currently in its third generation. The first two generations were implemented on a DECSYSTEM-2060 and a VAX 11/780, respectively, by Cook [C0083]. The current implementation, which is the most advanced, is written for the IBM-PC in Turbo Pascal [DOR86a] [DOR86b].A structure chart can be translated into different programming languages due in part to the dictionary of variables [DOR85]. Because SLAW is a language free environment, variable types are not easily discernible. With the dictionary of variables, it becomes easier to declare variables correctly in the target translation language and to allow for code generation. Currently, the SLAW environment allows for translation into PASCAL, FORTRAN, and BASIC.A structure chart is represented as a forest of trees. The main program is one such tree. Subroutines and functions are the siblings of the main program, themselves forming trees. Since they have a dictionary of variables, including variables passed as parameters, subroutines and functions are as easily codable as the main program. This representation also allows for recursion. In the main program, subroutines and functions are called by a certain type of node: the CALL box.
Toxicity of Emetine to Isolated Embryonic Chick-Heart Cells

Isolated beating embryonic chick-heart cells were cultured and observed in vitro to investigate the toxic specificity of emetine for the myocardium. The results of this investigation indicated that emetine exerts its toxic effects by at least two modes of action: at high concentrations, a physical disruption of the plasma membrane of the cell; and, at lower concentrations, an intracellular inhibition of the process of forming high-energy phosphate compounds. The site of this inhibition is thought to occur at the enzymatic oxidation of substrates, other than succinate, mediated by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
A factor analytic validation of Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory

Abstract A principal components analysis was applied to a 135-item pool of the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory, Sixth Revision. The sample consisted of a cross section of 100 men and 200 women college students under the age of 25 yr. An eight-factor structure was defined for each of the sexes which is discussed in relation to Holland's clinically based scales, sex differences and criterion groups as defined by choice of major subject. The a priori clinical scales were partially upheld with differences attributed to the characteristics of the sample and sociopolitical time context during which the test was administered. A new scale emerged relating to an interest in professions involving law and politics.
The Stuck Twin Phenomenon: Experience with Serial Therapeutic Amniocentesis

Expectant management of the “stuck” twin phenomenon is usually associated with a dismal prognosis for both fetuses. Improved outcomes have been reported following serial amniocentesis of the sac of the co-twin. We therefore reviewed our experience with this therapy. Six consecutive sets of affected twins were managed over a 3-year period. Six of 12 (50%) fetuses survived the neonatal period, five of whom (42%) exhibited no long-term sequelae. Hydrops resolved completely in one and partially in two of the six co-twins. All co-twins and two of six “stuck” twins had karyotypes performed which were all normal. Other diagnostic evaluations ruled out fetal infection, fetomaternal hemorrhage, and blood group incompatibility. Autopsies were performed in all cases of stillbirth and neonatal death, revealing no anomalies. This suggested an extreme form of twin-twin transfusion as the etiology of the phenomenon in these cases. Our observations agree with those of others in supporting serial amniocentesis in the mana...
Controlled changes in selectivity of cation separations by capillary electrophoresis using various crown-ether additives

Abstract This paper investigates how the concentration and type of crown ether effects the separation of cations and how one can optimize the concentration of the crown ether the achieve the best separation. An electrolyte consisting of 1.0 m M UV Cat-2, 3.0 m M trupolone, and 3.5 m M 18-crown-6 was found to provide the best separation for all cations investigated. Use of this optimized electrolyte was applied to the analysis of low levels of potassium in technical grade ammonium tungstate used in the electronics industry.
A Comparison of the Motor Music Skills of Nonhandicapped and Learning Disabled Children

The purpose of this research was to compare the motor music skill development of children who are learning disabled with that of their nonhandicapped peers. The research sample included 103 children ages 5 through 9 attending Colorado public schools. Data were collected via individual administration of the Motoric Music Skills Test (MMST). Resulting descriptive data indicated that improved skills were related to age, and that normal subjects attained a better average performance on every subtest except compound factors. Multivariate analysis of variance confirmed the significance of differences related to age and handicap; this analysis revealed an interaction between age and handicap, as defined primarily by performance on the criterion variable eye-hand. Results are discussed in terms of the performance problems of learning disabled subjects on eye-hand coordination tasks, and the implication from MMST performance that the manner in which educational materials are arranged and presented can overcome the...
A Wireless IC for Wide-Range Neurochemical Monitoring Using Amperometry and Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

An integrated circuit for real-time wireless monitoring of neurochemical activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is described. The chip is capable of conducting measurements in both fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and amperometry modes for a wide input current range. The chip architecture employs a second-order sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (SigmaDelta ADC) and a frequency-shift-keyed (FSK) voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) operating near 433MHz. It is fabricated using the AMI 0.5mum double-poly triple-metal n-well CMOS process, and requires only one off-chip component for operation. In our preliminary measurements, a current resolution of 12pA at a sampling rate of 100Hz and 81pA at a sampling rate of 5kHz is achieved in amperometry and 150-V/s FSCV modes, respectively, for any input current in the range of plusmn430nA. The ADC core and the VCO consume 22muA and 400muA from a 2.6-V power supply, respectively.
The Equivariant Gromov–Witten Theory of and Integrable Hierarchies

We construct an integrable hierarchy in terms of vertex operators and Hirota quadratic equations (HQE, in short) and we show that the equivariant total descendent potential of satisfies the HQE. Our proof is based on the quantization formalism developed in Givental [5, 7] and on the equivariant mirror model of We also show that under certain change of the variables, which is due to E. Getzler, the HQE are transformed into the HQE of the 2-Toda hierarchy. Thus, we obtain a new proof of the equivariant Toda conjecture.
Ernst Jünger's Dangerous Encounter—: The Detective Closes the Case on the Adventurer

Ernst Junger's detective novel Eine gefahrliche Begegnung (1985) dramatizes a clash between the concept of adventure and the principles of order and modern scientific inquiry. Set in Paris, in 1888, the text tells the story of a murder investigation. Two adventurers embody, respectively, adventure's origins in medieval chivalry and adventure's eighteenth- and nineteenth-century form of colonial exploration; the detective embodies nineteenth-century advances in applied science as well as modern anthropological and psychological theories. Junger's narrative engages with defining nineteenth-century texts, such as Bertillon's writings on anthropometric identification, Cesare Lombroso's theories on the nature of the criminal, and Gustave Le Bon's analysis of mass psychology. These texts articulate a rationalist ethos, advocated in Junger's novel by the detective. The opposing principles of unregulated individual freedom and a fanciful code of honor, embodied by the adventurers, are depicted as relics of a bygone age, whose passing can only be lamented, not remedied.
Gamma scintigraphy imaging of murine invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with a 111In-labeled cyclic peptide

Abstract Introduction Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a leading cause of infection-associated death in immunosuppressed patients. Early detection and early administration of antifungal therapy are critical factors in improving outcome for patients with IPA. Here, we evaluated the imaging properties of a 111 In-labeled cyclic peptide targeted to Aspergillus fumigatus in an immunosuppressed murine model of IPA. Methods A cyclic peptide c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH 2 was labeled with 111 In by means of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Two days after intranasal inoculation of 17.5×10 6 conidia of A. fumigatus , mice were injected 111 In-DTPA-c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH 2 intravenously. Biodistribution data were obtained at 2 h, and γ-images were acquired at 10 min and 2 h after radiotracer injection. Healthy mice were used as controls. In addition, a group of infected mice were co-injected with the radiotracer and unlabeled c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH 2 to evaluate the inhibition of radiotracer's binding to infected lungs. Autoradiographs of lungs from infected and healthy mice were compared with corresponding photographs of transaxial sections of the lung tissues stained for A. fumigatus hyphae. Results The labeling efficiency was >98%, with specific radioactivity of up to 74 MBq/nmol peptide. Significantly higher uptake of 111 In-DTPA-c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH 2 was observed in the lungs of mice infected with A. fumigatus than in those of healthy mice (0.37±0.06 %ID/g vs. 0.14±0.02 %ID/g, P =.00044). Simultaneous injection with unlabeled peptide reduced radioactivity in the infected lungs by 41% ( P =.0037). Increased radioactivity in the lungs of infected mice was visible in γ images at both 10 min and 2 h after radiotracer injection. Moreover, autoradiography confirmed radiotracer uptake in infected lungs, but not in the lungs of healthy mice or infected mice co-injected with unlabeled peptide. Conclusions γ-Imaging with 111 In-DTPA-c(CGGRLGPFC)-NH 2 clearly delineated experimental IPA in mice. Peptides directly targeting fungi therefore may be valuable agents for noninvasive detection of opportunistic mycoses.
Program evaluation of a school consultation program

The results of a school psychological and social work program are presented on children referred for behavioral and learning problems. Through the consultation service, the average student objective for learning problems was achieved to 85% of criterion, and the average objective for behavioral problems was achieved to 82% of criterion during a 10-week period. An analysis of the consultation activities was made in relation to the accomplishment of the objectives for both learning and behavioral problems. No clear evidence was found for any single activity being related to success. Also analyzed was the time spent on each consultation activity and the accomplishment of the student objectives. There was a positive relationship between total consultation time and student outcomes on learning problems, but there was no significant relationship between total consultation time and the accomplishment of objectives for behavioral problems. General findings show that consultation activities can be conducted with small investments of time and with a high degree of student accomplishment of objectives. A case is presented for the merits of program improvement by monitoring psychological and social work services.
Comparative genomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies obtained from multiple host species

Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) subspecies vary widely in both pathogenicity and host specificity, but the genetic features contributing to this diversity remain unclear. A comparative genomic approach was used to identify large sequence polymorphisms among M. avium subspecies obtained from a variety of host animals. DNA microarrays were used as a platform for comparing mycobacterial isolates with the sequenced bovine isolate M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) K-10. Open reading frames (ORFs) were classified as present or divergent based on the relative fluorescent intensities of the experimental samples compared to MAP K-10 DNA. Multiple large polymorphic regions were found in the genomes of MAP isolates obtained from sheep. One of these clusters encodes glycopeptidolipid biosynthesis enzymes which have not previously been identified in MAP. M. avium subsp. silvaticum isolates were observed to have a hybridization profile very similar to yet distinguishable from M. avium subsp. avium. Isolates obtained from cattle (n = 5), birds (n = 4), goats (n = 3), bison (n = 3), and humans (n = 9) were indistinguishable from cattle isolate MAP K-10. Genome diversity in M. avium subspecies appears to be mediated by large sequence polymorphisms that are commonly associated with mobile genetic elements. Subspecies and host adapted isolates of M. avium were distinguishable by the presence or absence of specific polymorphisms.
Calculations on the structure, vibrational spectrum, and enthalpy of formation of pentafluoronitrosulfane, SF5NO2

Abstract G2 and G3 calculations have been performed to determine the minimum-energy geometry, vibrational frequencies, and enthalpy of formation of SF 5 NO 2 , a recently synthesized compound that may act as a greenhouse gas. The strength of the S–N bond has been estimated, as scission of this bond may be the determining factor in the global warming potential of the compound.
Gas chromatography with Fourier transform infrared and mass spectral detection

Abstract For a number of years, the combination of gas chromatography with infrared and mass spectral detection has been of interest. Numerous applications have been reported and discussed in previous reviews. The present brief review covers recent developments in this area since 1997. It is clear that advances in computer technology combined with those in instrumentation make it only a matter of time until the goal of fully automated GC–Fourier transform IR–MS is realized.
Association of cytokines IL-13 & RANTES gene promoter polymorphism with asthma &/or atopy in African Americans

Abstract Rationale RANTES (a chemoattract of mast cells, eosinophils, baseophils & T-cells) and IL-13 (an inducer of IgE, eosinophilia & bronchial hyperresponsiveness) are asthma & atopy mediators. Two RANTES – 403(GtoA) & -28(CtoG) SNPs and an -1055 IL-13(CtoT) SNP have been shown in Caucasians & Orientals as asthma & atopy risk factors. We studied these SNPs in African Americans with asthma/atopy. Methods We studied 61 patients (2–74 yr) and 129–157 controls for the -403 RANTES, -28 RANTES, and -1055 IL-13 SNPs. All patients were known to have asthma &/or atopy documented by positive SPT or RAST. Results For the −403 RANTES SNP, GG genotype was detected in 26.2% of patients vs. 26.7% in controls, AA genotype in 18% vs. 18.3% in controls and GA genotype in 55.7% vs. 55% in controls. For the −28 RANTES SNP, CC genotype was detected in 96.7% vs. 100% in controls, CG genotype in 3.3% vs. 0% in controls and neither group had GG genotype. On the other hand, for the −1055 IL-13 SNP, CC genotype was detected in 21.3% vs. 39.5% in controls, TT genotype in 19.7% vs. 12.7% in controls, and CT genotype in 59.0% vs. 47.7% in controls. Conclusions African American asthmatics/atopics had higher (p 0.04) frequency of the TT mutant gene of the −1055 IL-13 SNP (odd ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.0-8.0) and of its T mutant allele (p 0.02, odd ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6), which can be used as a predictor marker.
Bradykinin antagonist decreases early disruption of the blood–spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury in mice

Abstract Bradykinin is one of the key molecules involved in the disruption of the blood–brain barrier and blood–spinal cord barrier occurring after spinal cord injury (SCI). Previously we have shown a biphasic opening of the blood–spinal cord barrier as well as increased transport of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) after SCI by compression of the lumbar spinal cord in mice. To evaluate the role of bradykinin in the two phases of blood–spinal cord barrier disruption, we pretreated mice with a potent bradykinin antagonist, the decapeptide B9430, before SCI. Our results show that B9430 decreased the general blood–spinal cord barrier disruption occurring immediately after SCI but failed to affect the delayed opening of the blood–spinal cord barrier observed 72 h after SCI. By contrast, the entry of TNFα after SCI was not affected by B9430 treatment. We conclude that bradykinin is involved in the early phase of blood–spinal cord barrier disruption, with B9430 non-selectively blocking this early disruption without affecting the selective transport system for TNFα. This indicates the therapeutic potential of bradykinin antagonists in ameliorating tissue damage induced by SCI.
High level synthesis of pipelined instruction set processors and back-end compilers

The authors propose a synthesis methodology for high-performance pipelined instruction set processors. Designing instruction set processors and constructing their compilers are mutually dependent tasks. Piper is a high level synthesis tool of the Advanced Design Automation System (ADAS) which controls the hardware-software interactions at the micro-architecture level. The key function of Piper is to perform pipeline scheduling with any fixed instruction-latency, and generate a reorder table for a back-end compiler to resolve potential pipeline hazards existing in the design. Models for performance and cost of both hardware and software are developed to characterize the design space. A synthesis example of a simple instruction set processor illustrates Piper's synthesis capabilities and how the performance and cost of hardware and software are estimated. >