cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequencing of Novel Therapies for Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

There is no standard approach to sequencing novel therapies in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). For initial treatment, intensive induction chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant and rituximab maintenance remains our preferred approach in young, fit patients. We consider bendamustine plus rituximab or lenalidomide plus rituximab in patients who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy-based approaches. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors are our preferred class of agents to use in the second-line setting. When patients inevitably relapse on one of these agents, we proceed with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy in eligible patients, often with the use of bridging therapy with corticosteroids, lenalidomide, or venetoclax. We treat patients who are ineligible for CAR T or clinic trial with venetoclax, lenalidomide, or proteosome inhibitor-based regimens, although efficacy is expected to be limited in this setting with a shortened duration of response to each subsequent line of therapy. Allogeneic stem cell transplant remains an option for carefully selected patients who progress after autologous stem cell transplant and CAR T. Clinical trials involving combinations of novel agents in early lines of therapy are ongoing, and new compounds with unique mechanisms of action are in development. The results of ongoing clinical trials with novel agents will further change the treatment landscape for patients with MCL in the coming years.
Property Constructs and Nature's Challenge to Perpetuity

Conservation biology and ecology (as well as our eyes and ears) tell us that nature is in a constant state of flux. Yet, models of land conservation focus on preserving the present state of land in perpetuity. Legal concepts that center on the status quo turn a blind eye to the fact that nature is ever-changing. This conflict is illustrated by examining both traditional property servitudes and conservation easements. These restrictions on private land often explicitly state that they are preserving today’s landscape in perpetuity. This chapter explores the inherent conflict between the changing natural world and rigid legal structures, detailing the struggles of applying principles like resiliency thinking and adaptive management to property tools for conservation. It also explores why this disconnect occurs including some discussion of environmental psychology.
Dissipation for Euler's Disk and a Desktop Demonstration of Coalescing Neutron Stars

I show that the recent calculation of Moffatt's regarding the viscous dissipation of a spinning coin overlooked the importance of the finite width of the viscous boundary layer. My new estimates are more in accord with that observed. I also point out that the frequency ``chirp'' of the specially designed toy ``Euler's Disk'' is similar to that expected during the last few minutes of the life of a coalescing binary of two neutron stars. As such, this toy is an excellent desktop demonstration for the expected phenomena.
Contribution of endogenous carbon monoxide to regulation of diameter in resistance vessels

Endogenous carbon monoxide was proposed to subserve vasodepressor functions. If so, inhibition of heme oxygenase may be expected to promote vascular contraction. This hypothesis was examined in lar...
Measured capillary forces on spheres at particle-laden interfaces

We measure capillary forces on particles at fluid interfaces in order to assess the key parameters that yield effective stabilizing particles. In our experiments, a millimeter-scale particle is attached to a cantilever, which is used to pull the particle perpendicular to the interface. Simultaneously, we image from the side to measure the cantilever's deflection and thus the pulling force, as well as the height of the particle and the shape of the interface. We find that the peak force on a particle at an interface crowded with other particles is consistently smaller than the force at a clean interface. This result is independent of the difference in fluid mass densities, the material of the target sphere, and the capillary charge of the free particles. We attribute the force reduction to the perturbation of interface shape due to the constraints at the boundaries of the free particles. The results should be helpful in designing particles to stabilize droplets in new oil dispersants or in other applications.
Evolving Biological Behavior in Gene-Based Cellular Simulations

Cellular automata (CA) have long been capable of producing life-like behavior such as complexity, communication and self-replication using simple rules. Despite these properties, CA and other discrete simulations have failed to achieve real-world utility in cancer research or developmental biology, largely because they do not conform to a rules model which is understandable by clinicians and biologists. We present a method to generate CA with a desired phenotypic behavior within a biologically-based family of rule sets modeling simple gene regulation in a cell cycle signaling pathway. Designing CA within this biological context ensures the interpretability of any emergent results, thus opening the door for applications in biomedicine such as tumor growth and angiogenesis. Rule sets are encoded in intuitive genome structures, which are co-evolved using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a fitness function chosen to reward Wolfram's Type IV behavior. Results show the ability to generate interpretable type IV behavior in just a few hours on a desktop PC. This work is expected to have many applications including systems biology and cancer research.
Coarsening of "clouds" and dynamic scaling in a far-from-equilibrium model system.

A two-dimensional lattice gas of two species, driven in opposite directions by an external force, undergoes a jamming transition if the filling fraction is sufficiently high. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the growth of these jams (``clouds''), as the system approaches a nonequilibrium steady state from a disordered initial state. We monitor the dynamic structure factor $S({k}_{x},{k}_{y};t)$ and find that the ${k}_{x}=0$ component exhibits dynamic scaling, of the form $S(0,{k}_{y};t)={t}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{S}({k}_{y}{t}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}})$. Over a significant range of times, we observe excellent data collapse with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1∕2$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}=1$. The effects of varying filling fraction and driving force are discussed.
α-Galactosidase A Deficiency Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Mice With Apolipoprotein E Deficiency

Background— α-Galactosidase A (Gla) deficiency leads to widespread tissue accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids and is associated with premature vascular complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Glycosphingolipids have been shown to accumulate in human atherosclerotic lesions, although their role in atherogenesis is unclear. Methods and Results— To determine whether Gla affects the progression of atherosclerosis, mice were generated with combined deficiencies of apolipoprotein E and Gla. At 45 weeks of age, Gla-deficient mice had developed more atherosclerosis than mice with normal Gla expression (25.1±14.0 versus 12.3±9.3 mm2 of total lesion area, P<0.02). This increase in atherosclerosis was associated with the presence of increased Gb3, enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and increased nitrotyrosine staining. Conclusions— These findings suggest that deficiency of Gla leads to increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and accelerated atherosclerosis.
The Kent Trilogy Revisited

In 1948 and 1949, three doctoral students in sociology and anthropology conducted ethnographic fieldwork in York, SC (called Kent), a mill town. Through interviews, white town elites, black mill workers, and white mill workers revealed their lives to the scholars. What resulted were three remarkable studies on southern town life in the immediate post World War II period. Although segregation had begun to weaken in the face of postwar socioecomic change, it still held whites and blacks in its grip. The “thick description” of community life provided by the ethnographic interviews, as well as the authors’ analysis of life in York, makes these three books invaluable still to scholars of the history and sociology of the South.
Geodesic flow and two (super) component analog of the Camassa-Holm equation

We derive the 2-component Camassa-Holm equation and corresponding N = 1 super generalization as geodesic flows with respect to the H 1 metric on the extended Bott-
Meperidine and other basic drugs: general method for their determination in plasma.

Abstract Sir: In a recent paper, Goehl and Davison (1) reported a GLC technique for the determination of meperidine in blood plasma. The method was used to-determine plasma drug concentration versus time curves in dogs following administration of 15–25 mg/kg iv and yielded a limit of sensitivity of around 0.1 ng/ml.
Cocaine: effects on acoustic startle and startle elicited electrically from the cochlear nucleus

Startle-like responses can be elicited by single pulse electrical stimulation of nuclei within the acoustic startle pathway. Compared with acoustically-elicited startle, this technique provides a method for localizing the ultimate sites of action of a drug that affects the acoustic startle response. Strychnine (1 mg/kg) increased both acoustically-elicited startle and startle elicited from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), the first central nucleus in the acoustic startle pathway. In contrast, cocaine (10 mg/kg) increased acoustically-elicited startle but depressed VCN-elicited startle. These results suggest that cocaine increases startle by acting on sensory rather than final motor systems and are discussed in relation to the putative effect of cocaine on dopamine neurotransmission and the involvement of dopamine in sensorimotor reactivity.
An Extremely Low-Profile Ferrite-Loaded Wideband VHF Antenna Design

A novel, very low-profile wideband antenna operating from 30 to 300 MHz is presented. The maximum diameter and height of this antenna is only 60.96 and 5.08 cm, respectively. This design is composed of a fat grounded metallic plate placed 5.08 cm over a ground plane. Several ferrite bars strategically placed between the plate and ground plane play a critical role in improving the low frequencies gain and pattern at high frequencies. Minimal amount of ferrite was used to keep the antenna's weight below 9.07 kg. Several antenna prototypes were fabricated and tested at an outdoor range with their gain and patterns agreeing well with simulation results.
Frontline account: targeting hot spotters in an internal medicine residency clinic.

Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Leptin signaling in intestinal epithelium mediates resistance to enteric infection by Entamoeba histolytica

Leptin is an adipocytokine that links nutrition to immunity. Previous observation that a genetic polymorphism in the leptin receptor affected susceptibility to Entamoeba histolytica infection led to the hypothesis that leptin signaling has a protective role during intestinal amebic infection. In this study we show that mice lacking the functional leptin receptor developed devastating mucosal destruction after E. histolytica infection. Bone marrow chimera experiments demonstrated that leptin receptor expressed on hematopoietic cells was not sufficient to confer resistance. Similarly, peripheral knockout of the leptin receptor rendered animals susceptible, indicating that central expression of the leptin receptor was not sufficient to confer protection. The site of leptin action was localized to the gut via an intestinal epithelium-specific deletion of the leptin receptor, which rendered mice susceptible to infection and mucosal destruction by the parasite. Mutation of tyrosine 985 or 1138 in the intracellular domain of the leptin receptor, which mediates signaling through the SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (SHP2/ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways, respectively, demonstrated that both were important for mucosal protection. We conclude that leptin-mediated resistance to amebiasis is via its actions on intestinal epithelium rather than hematopoietic cells or the brain, and requires leptin receptor signaling through both the STAT3 and SHP2/ERK pathways.
Systems approaches for synthetic biology: a pathway toward mammalian design

We review methods of understanding cellular interactions through computation in order to guide the synthetic design of mammalian cells for translational applications, such as regenerative medicine and cancer therapies. In doing so, we argue that the challenges of engineering mammalian cells provide a prime opportunity to leverage advances in computational systems biology. We support this claim systematically, by addressing each of the principal challenges to existing synthetic bioengineering approaches—stochasticity, complexity, and scale—with specific methods and paradigms in systems biology. Moreover, we characterize a key set of diverse computational techniques, including agent-based modeling, Bayesian network analysis, graph theory, and Gillespie simulations, with specific utility towards synthetic biology. Lastly, we examine the mammalian applications of synthetic biology for medicine and health, and how computational systems biology can aid in the continued development of these applications.
Quantum transport and the electronic Aharonov-Casher effect.

We show that the effects of spin-orbit interaction in disordered conductors are manifestations of the Aharonov-Casher effect in the same sense as the effects of weak magnetic fields are manifestations of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. We propose that, in semiconducting samples, conductance oscillations should occur due to the Aharonov-Casher effect, whose observation would constitute a thousandfold improvement in its measurement. As in the disordered Aharonov-Bohm effect, these oscillations have half the period expected from the conventional Aharonov-Casher effect.
Fish predation and trapping for rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) control: a whole-lake experiment

Improved methods are needed for the prevention and control of invasive species. We investigated the potential to control a rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) population in an isolated lake in nor...
A digital library project on a shoestring

Supported by a modest grant and collaboration with local historical societies, the California State University, Northridge, University Library assembled and created a digital archive of 2400 images of photographs, manuscripts, maps, postcards and brochures chronicling the history of the San Fernando Valley, a suburb of Los Angeles. In the process the Library learned valuable lessons about administering a digital library project and its metadata. Supported by a modest grant and collaboration with local historical societies, the California State University, Northridge, University Library assembled and created a digital archive of 2400 images of photographs, manuscripts, maps, postcards and brochures chronicling the history of the San Fernando Valley, a suburb of Los Angeles. In the process the Library learned valuable lessons about administering a digital library project and its metadata.
Recent crystal structure determinations by neutron diffraction at Oak Ridge

Crystal structures have been determined from three-dimensional neutron data for xenon difluoride, xenon tetrafluoride, barium chloride dihydrate, potassium heptafluoniobate, chloral hydrate, sucrose, and strontium hydroxide octahydrate. Data were taken on the Oak Ridge automatic three-circle neutron diffractometer. Refinements, by the method of least squares, have yielded structural parameters of high precision.
mPL6: enhanced multilevel mixed-size placement

The multilevel placement package mPL6 combines improved implementations of the global placer mPL5 (ISPD05) and the XDP legalizer and detailed placer (ASPDAC06). It consistently produces robust, high-quality solutions to difficult instances of mixed-size placement in fast and scalable run time. Best-choice clustering (ISPD05) is used to construct a hierarchy of problem formulations. Generalized force-directed placement guides global placement at each level of the cluster hierarchy. During the declustering pass from coarsest to finest level, large movable objects are gradually fixed in positions without overlapping with one another. This progressive legalization of large objects during continuous optimization supports determination of a completely overlap-free configuration as close as possible to the continuous solution. Various discrete heuristics are applied to this legalized placement in order to improve the final wirelength.
Fuel cycle analysis of GFR using advanced fuels

Abstract The potential benefits of a synergistic light-water reactor (LWR) and gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) fuel cycle were evaluated for its impact on the front-end and back-end of the fuel cycle. Comparisons were made with conventional once-through cycle (OTC) and MOX fuel cycle. Variations in the synergistic LWR/GFR fuel cycles were based on the degree of recycle in the LWR including both plutonium and reprocessed uranium with concomitant impact on used LWR fuel inventory. This provided a wide range in composition of GFR feed from low to high plutonium content with impact on transmutation/incineration within the GFR fuel cycle. Self-recycle of all actinides was modeled for the GFR with analyses demonstrating that the GFR can be sustained on and consequently accept a wide range of feed materials. Analyses were done using Monteburns along with MCNP and Origen2.2 to model a 60-year period corresponding to the anticipated lifetime of supposed contemporary LWRs and GFRs. All cycles were evaluated based on actinide total mass and isotopic inventory, radiotoxicity, heatload, and resource requirements including natural uranium and SWU. For comparison, all fuel cycles were normalized based on 1 TWHe output. Improvements in fuel cycle performance are dictated by the production and incineration of minor actinides in the GFR and their continued recycle may not be feasible due to the buildup of troublesome isotopes such as 244 Cm and 252 Cf. But where uranium and plutonium continue to be recycled beyond the 60-year period, the LWR/GFR cycles demonstrated order of magnitude reductions in used fuel inventories, heatload, and radiotoxicity on a per TWHe basis over LWR only cycles. The full details of the advanced fuel cycle methodology and results are presented.
Synthesis of 4-[18F]fluoroantipyrine and its biodistribution in mice.

The synthesis of 4-[18F]fluoroantipyrine (1) and its biodistribution in mice are described. Compound 1 was synthesized either by direct fluorination of antipyrine with [18F]F2 or CH3CO2 18F, or by an isotopic exchange method. While direct fluorination of antipyrine with [18F]F2 gave compound 1 in about a 20% yield, the isotopic exchange method gave compound 1 in only a 1%–2% yield. The biodistributions of compound 1 and 4-[131I]iodoantipyrine (3) in mice indicated that both compounds reached apparent equilibrium concentration in the bloodstream at approximately 0.5 min postinjection and compound 1 was found in higher concentrations than the iodinated analog in the well-perfused tissues. The 18F activity in the mouse brain persisted for about 2 min. The ratio of activity in the brain to bone was approximately 2:1. After 10 min, the 18F activity in the brain decreased markedly while the 18F activity in bones rose sharply resulting in a brain to bone ratio of approximately 1:2. This would suggest that compound 1 defluorinated in vivo to give fluoride as one of the metabolites. The mean octanol/pH 7 buffer solution partition coefficients of 4-[18F]fluoroantipyrine and 4-[131I]iodoantipyrine were 5.18±0.10 and 11.34±0.28, respectively.
Enzyme-containing Michael-adduct-based coatings.

A two-step method was developed to homogeneously insert carbonic anhydrase (CA, E.C. 4.2.1.1) into Michael-adduct-based coatings. CA was first covalently coupled to an N-vinylformamide-based water-soluble polymer. Unlike native CA, the resulting polymer/CA system could be dispersed within a film matrix. The enzyme-containing coating (ECC) hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl propionate in buffered media at high rates retaining approximately 7% apparent activity. In comparison, other two-step techniques for the chemical coupling of CA to the coating surface were less efficient and led to coatings with significantly less activity. A three-step immobilization process coupling the enzyme to the surface of a partially hydrolyzed coating also raised retention of activity after coating synthesis. CA-ECC is stable under ambient conditions retaining 45% activity after 90 days of storage at room temperature.
Distribution of soluble and membranous forms of alkaline phosphatase in the small intestine of the rat.

Abstract In the small bowel mucosa of the rat, alkaline phosphatase was found to be present in the 105 000 × g supernatant fraction, in addition to the major brush border membrane-bound form. This soluble enzyme contributed up to 3.6% of total alkaline phosphatase activity in the adult rat. Combined use of inhibitors of serine, thiol and supernatant fraction. In suckling rats a much larger proportion of alkaline phosphates was soluble, reaching 36.5% in the 14-day-old animal. The soluble and membranous forms were compared in adult and suckling rats by examining their biochemical and immunological characteristics. In the adult rat the specific activity of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase showed a progressive fall distal to the duodenum, while maximal specific activity of the supernatant enzyme occured in the distal ileum. By contrast, in the suckling rat the specific activity of both forms increased from the duodenum to the ileum. Soluble alkaline phosphatases in mature and immature rats were distinct from the membranous forms when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Triton X-100. Electrophoretic heterogeneity was seen in the soluble adult enzyme, characteristics, R f values occurring for each level of the small bowel (i.e., duodenum, jejunum and ileum). Such heterogeneity was not seen in suckling rats. Antigenically, the soluble and memebranous froms were identical to each other in adult and suckling rats. Analysis of mucosal cells isolated sequentially frmo tip of the villus to crypt showed that both the soluble and membranous isozymes had highest activity towards the tip of the villus. We conclude that the soluble and membranous forms are distinct biochemically and yet are antigenically identical and arise from the same level of the villus. The presence of the soluble form, which is not an artifact of tissue preparation, indicates that alkaline phosphatase is not exclusively an integral membrane protein.
A truncated activin receptor inhibits mesoderm induction and formation of axial structures in Xenopus embryos

Activins can induce mesoderm in embryonic explants and have been proposed as the natural inducer in Xenopus. A mutant activin receptor that inhibits activin signalling is used to show that activin is required for the induction of mesoderm in vivo and the patterning of the embryonic body plan. Blocking the activin signal transduction pathway also reveals autonomous induction of a neural marker and unmasks a relationship between activin and fibroblast growth factor.
Centrosomes: CNN's Broadcast Reaches the Cleavage Furrow

Centrosomin (CNN), a core Drosophila centrosome protein, interacts with the newly identified protein Centrocortin to promote cleavage furrow formation in the early embryo. Significantly, this activity is distinct from CNN's well-established role in centrosome-based microtubule organization.
A comparison of nonparametric shape constrained bioassay estimators

Abstract The nonparametric Bayesian shape-constrained bioassay estimator of Ramgopal et al. [Ramgopal, P., Laud, P., Smith, A.F.M., 1993. Nonparametric Bayesian bioassay with prior constraints on the shape of the potency curve. Biometrika 80 (3), 489–498.] is compared with the shape constrained maximum likelihood estimator through simulations. The purpose is to illustrate that, in the absence of prior information other than the shape constraints, the less computationally intensive MLE might be an acceptable alternative. Data are simulated from an underlying potency function and both estimates are computed with the assumption that the shape is known (either concave or convex–concave, both nondecreasing over the support). Several different sampling functions and sample sizes are chosen to investigate the behavior of the estimators in varying conditions. An efficient algorithm for computing the shape-constrained MLE is presented. A theorem provides the theoretical justification for this new algorithm.
Cigarette smoke: In vitro effects of condensate fractions on mitochondrial respiration

Abstract Various fractions and subfractions (I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , II 1 , II 2 , and II 3 ) isolated by the counter current distributions of tobacco smoke condensates (TSC) inhibited the State 3 respiration of rat liver mitochondria. All the fractions except fraction I 1 which contained a large portion of the water soluble components of TSC, stimulated the State 4 respiration. Respiratory control and phosphorylative activity of mitochondria were also impaired upon treatment with TSC fractions. It is concluded that inhibitors and uncouplers of respiratory chain are present in various fractions of tobacco smoke condensate.
Gillies Lecture: ocular motility in a time of paradigm shift

Abstract Recent progress in understanding of the structure and function of extraocular muscles, and our ability to image them clinically, allows prediction of revolutionary progress in diagnosis and treatment of strabismus in the coming decades. This perspective memorializes a lecture given in honour of Dr William Gillies, who has for decades been the paternal leader of strabismology in southern Australia.
Effect of Oxygen Octahedron Rotations on the Phase Stability, Transformational Characteristics, and Polarization Behavior in the Lead Zirconate Titanate Crystalline Solution Series

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics with Zr/Ti ratios between 95/5 and 55/45 have been examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dielectric spectroscopy, Sawyer-Tower polarization techniques, and dilatometric measurements. The relative phase stability in the high-Zr-content end of the PZT phase diagram is believed to be directly related to the coupling of the polarization to various oxygen octahedral rotational systems. The transformation between the high- and low-temperature rhombohedral ferroelectric phases (FE R(HT) -FE R(LT) in PZT 90/10 was found to be associated with a transition between a high-temperature M-type and a low-temperature R-type oxygen octahedral rotational system. However, with increasing Ti content (Zr/Ti < 80/20), a transition between a disordered R-type tilted state to a low-temperature ordered R-type tilted state was found near the FE R(HT) -FE R(LT) boundary. The transition between the disordered and ordered R-type tilted states became increasingly gradual with increased Ti content. In the disordered R-type tilted state, local strains due to random octahedral rotations are believed to disrupt the long-range polar order, resulting in an inability to sustain a remnant polarization. A modified phase diagram illustrating the various oxygen octahedral tilted states and polarization behaviors is presented.
Influence of ultrasonics upon liquid flow through porous media

Abstract This investigation was primarily a study of the effects of acoustic energy upon the flow rate of crude oil through porous sandstone. However, the effect of water flow through a porous stainless steel filter was also investigated. When acoustic energy of 20kHz was introduced, there was a substantial increase in the rate of liquid flow through all the porous media tested. An optimum ultrasonic intensity level was noted which gave the greatest rate of oil flow through the sandstone. This optimum intensity remained approximately the same regardless of the thickness of the sandstone. A study of the acoustic action by means of motion pictures revealed a possible explanation for the results obtained.
Excludability and the Effects of Free Riders: Right-To-Work Laws and Local Public Sector Unionization:

Benefits of collective bargaining in the local public sector are always nonrival for covered employees. In states with public sector right-to-work laws, they are also nonexcludable. Among 10,308 county and city departments that were nonunion in 1977, the probability of engaging in collective bargaining as of 1982 was signifi cantly and substantially lower in states with right-to-work laws. Furthermore, the larger the department the greater the reductton in the probability of forming a bargaining union. These results are the first nonexperimental evidence of the effects of free riders on the provision of a public good They support the hypothesis that, without excludability, free riders reduce the levels of public good provision.
Toward a new principia ethica: the third revolution in ethics

The economic science is again in a crisis and a new solution prolegomena to any future study in economics, finance and other social sciences has just been published by the International Institute of Social Economics in care of the MCB University Press in England. The roots of the major financial and economic problems of our time lie in an open conflict between theory and practice. In the 1930s and before the conflict was between classical theory and given realities. In the 1990s the conflict appears between the now prevailing modern, Keynesian theory and the actual realities. In addition during the twentieth century a great argument developed between the two schools of thought, argument which is not yet settled. In one sentence, the prolegomena tried and was successful to solve the conflict between theory and practice and the big doctrinal dispute of the twentieth century. It was a struggle of research and observation over half a century between 1947 and 1997.
Synthesis, structure and stability of fac-[FeII(CO)3X3]1− (X = Br, I)

Abstract fac-[FeII(CO)3X3]1− (X = Br, I) are synthesized and their structures have been determined. They are the first crystallographically characterized iron tricarbonyl trihalide complexes. fac-[FeII(CO)3X3]1− (X = Br, I) are fairly thermally stable and therefore lead themselves as excellent starting materials for the preparation of various iron carbonyl complexes since both the halide and carbonyl ligands are substitutionally labile.
L-Tryptophan and the Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome: Current Understanding of the Etiology and Pathogenesis

The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) is a newly recognized illness that occurred in an epidemic form during the summer of 1989. The illness was characterized in the acute phase by myalgia and eosinophilia, followed in many patients by chronic cutaneous lesions, progressive neuropathy, and myopathy. EMS was associated with ingestion of L-trypto-phan, an essential amino acid marketed as a nutritional supplement but widely used as a therapeutic agent. Evidence of abnormal L-tryptophan metabolism has been described in patients with EMS, and most likely reflects increased activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan metabolism. A contaminant identified in EMS-associated L-tryptophan preparations has been isolated and characterized, but its biologic effects and role as the etiologic agent in EMS remain to be established. Pathologic observations and experimental studies indicate that eosinophils, mononuclear inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts are potential effector cells, and interleukin-5 and transforming growth factor-b are important mediators in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Although few new cases of EMS occurred following the withdrawal of L-tryptophan, affected patients continue to manifest late sequelae of the disease, including dermal fibrotic conditions. This tragic outbreak of a newly recognized illness has focused interest on the role of chemical and environmental agents in the pathogenesis of various idiopathic illnesses characterized by tissue inflammation and fibrosis.
Accuracy of observational data with whole interval, partial interval, and momentary time-sampling recording techniques

The purpose of the study was to compare the accuracies obtained from whole interval, partial interval, and momentary time-sample recording procedures. Two types of accuracies were defined. Between-methods accuracy is the degree to which an observer using a particular recording method agrees with a standard using a continuous recording method. Within-methods accuracy is the degree to which an observer and a standard agree when both use the same recording method. Fifty-four undergraduate students viewed a videotape of a woman twisting her hair and recorded the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior using one of the three recording methods. Tapes were divided into segments with low, intermediate, and high rates of behavior. Partial and whole interval recording obtained poorer between-methods accuracies than momentary time sampling. Results showed that whole interval and momentary time-sampling procedures yielded higher within-method accuracies than partial interval recording. Thus, momentary time-sampling recording provided the advantages of both greater representativeness and as few or fewer observer errors than whole or partial interval recording procedures. Use of the interval recording methods by researchers must be justifiable within this framework.
Spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis: A case report and review of imaging as well as predisposing factors to falls and fractures

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an inflammatory arthritis that affects the axial skeleton, predisposes patients with severe disease to falls and spinal fractures. Advanced imaging has improved the process of fracture detection. In spite of increased knowledge about early diagnosis and management of AS, little attention is being paid to the environmental hazards that pose a risk for patient outcome.
Meltingk Behaviour of Ideal Ascending Solid Solutions

Abstract An expression for the melting curve of an ideal binary ascending solid solution has been derived and tested by comparison with experimental melting curves for three systems. Agreement with experiment is better for two organic binaries (bromobenzene/chlorobenzene and 1.12-benzoperylene-coronene) than for a metal (bismuth/antimony). A theoretical expression for the curvature of liquidus and solidus lines for a binary of components having small latent heats has bccn derived. The curvature is determined solely by the relative magnitudes of the latent heats and melting temperatures of the components.
Hydrogen induced lattice expansion in nickel

The volume expansion due to low concentrations of dissolved hydrogen in nickel has been measured by observing the length change during isothermal desorption of precharged samples. The present measurements indicate a much smaller expansion than found previously in cathodically charged nickel. The lattice relaxation per hydrogen atom was measured to be 0.13 ± 0.03 atomic volumes, compared to 0.28 at. vol from the single previous determination. Measurements were also made of the hydrogen induced volume expansion in niobium to verify the experimental technique. Good agreement with literature values was found in this metal.
Predicting link quality using supervised learning in wireless sensor networks

Routing protocols in sensor networks maintain information on neighbor states and potentially many other factors in order to make informed decisions. Challenges arise both in (a) performing accurate and adaptive information discovery and (b) processing/analyzing the gathered data to extract useful features and correlations. To address such challenges, this paper explores using supervised learning techniques to make informed decisions in the context of wireless sensor networks.We investigate the design space of both offline learning and online learning and use link quality estimation as a case study to evaluate their effectiveness. For this purpose, we present MetricMap, a metric-based collection routing protocol atop MintRoute that derives link quality using classifiers learned in the training phase, when the traditional ETX approach fails. The offline learning approach is evaluated on a 30-node sensor network testbed, and our results show that MetricMap can achieve up to 300% improvement over MintRoute in data delivery rate for high data rate situations, with no negative impact on other performance metrics. We also explore the possibility of using online learning in this paper.
In Situ Hybridization Detection of Marked Differences in Pre-Proopiomelanocortin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Content of Individual Corticotropes and Melanotropes*

Recently, heterogeneity of POMC mRNA content between intermediate lobe melanotropes of the rat pituitary gland was demonstrated by in situ hybridization of tissue sections. In the present study the heterogeneity of POMC mRNA content in dispersed rat pituitary cells has been investigated. Acutely dispersed cells from adult male rat anterior or neurointermediate lobe tissues were adhered to poly-L-lysine-coated coverslips. The cells were fixed and then hybridized with 35Slabeled POMC or 1B15 (cyclophilin) cRNA. Parallel studies measuring constitutively expressed cellular 1B15 mRNA content were undertaken to ensure that the apparent single cell differences in POMC mRNA were not inherent to the in situ hybridization procedure. When classified by image analysis, extensive differences in silver grain densities were seen over POMC mRNA-containing cells from both lobes. To determine if mRNA in polysomal configurations was less accessable for hybridization with probes than naked mRNA, cells were preincubated with ...
Isolation and cryopreservation of monocytes from plateletapheresis cellular residues

Human monocytes were isolated from the cellular residues remaining after plateletapheresis of donors using an automated blood cell processor. Mononuclear cells were obtained with density gradients and separated from lymphocytes by stepwise elutriation. The isolated cells were frozen using extracellular hydroxyethyl starch and intracellular dimethylsulfoxide. In three procedures, approximately 1 X 10(9) monocytes were obtained. Ninety-nine percent of isolated monocytes were viable in a fluorescein diacetate (FDA)-ethidium bromide (EB) test. Myeloperoxidase-positive cells were 95 percent and 90 percent in the two chambers. Ninety-four percent of monocytes ingested five or more opsonized polycyclic hydrocarbon particles and 95 percent ingested one or more ethidium-treated zymosan particles. After storage in liquid nitrogen for up to 9 weeks, 99 percent of the cells were recovered after thawing. Of these, 95 percent were myeloperoxidase-positive, 94 percent showed intact membranes in the FDA-EB test, 95 percent ingested five or more opsonized polycyclic hydrocarbon particles, and 96 percent ingested one or more ethidium-treated zymosan particles. These results demonstrate the utility of elutriation as a means to isolate large numbers of monocytes. The isolated cells can be cryogenically preserved for at least 2 months with small loss of phagocytic function.
Identification of a retinoic acid responsive enhancer 3′ of the murine homeobox gene Hox-1.6

Abstract The putative vertebrate morphogen retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to induce expression of many mammalian homeobox genes in cell lines, suggesting expression of this gene family in developing vertebrate embryos may be controlled in part by RA. Using the teratocarcinoma cell line F9 as a model system, we have studied the RA-response of the murine homeobox gene Hox-1.6. RA treatment of F9 cells causes the appearance of a DNAse I hypersensitive site 3′ of Hox-1.6, approximately 5 kb downstream of the Hox-1.6 promoter, and this site has been shown to reflect the presence of an RA-responsive enhancer 3′ of the gene. The RA-responsiveness of the enhancer is controlled by a retinoic acid responsive element (RARE) identical to the RARE of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) β gene; however, other sequences also influence the activity of the enhancer, suggesting the presence of binding sites for novel proteins which regulate Hox-1.6 expression. Experiments with Hox-1.6 minigenes in which lacZ expression is controlled by the Hox-1.6 promoter and enhancer demonstrate that it is the 3′ enhancer which confers RA responsiveness on the endogenous promoter, as constructs which lack the enhancer, or the RARE alone, do not respond to RA. Our results support the idea that RA is an endogenous vertebrate morphogen; identification of the RA-responsive enhancer downstream of Hox-1.6 demonstrates that RA directly controls the transcription of at least one member of a gene family that determines tissue identity in the vertebrate embryo.
RENORMALIZATION OF A COVARIANT APPROXIMATION SCHEME IN FIELD THEORY

An approximation scheme for the one-nucleon Green's functions previously put forward by the authors is renormalized. The experimental mass and the constants ${Z}_{1}$ and ${Z}_{2}$ are rigorously expressed as free-particle limits of integrals over the kernels appearing in the scheme. The mass and wave-function renormalization are carried out rigorously; the vertex renormalization is performed by a slight redefinition of the approximation scheme, without greatly altering the physical assumptions peculiar to each approximation. General prescriptions for renormalization are written down, and the first three approximations are explicitly shown to be finite.
The effects of donor-specific blood transfusion enhancement of rat renal allografts on host NK cell responses

Donor-specific blood transfusion (DSBT) given 1-2 weeks prior to transplantation prolongs the survival of fully allogeneic ACI (RT1a) renal allografts in PVG (RT1c) recipients from 6-8 days to greater than 100 days. We have previously demonstrated that ACI kidneys transplanted to autologous blood transfusion (ABT)- or DSBT-pretreated PVG recipients stimulated an increase in CD8+ (OX8+) cells in the peripheral blood by 6 days after transplantation. To determine whether this increase represents a general expansion of the entire CD8+ population or only a subpopulation of CD8+ cells, subset analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of cells reactive with monoclonal antibodies against rat alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR), CD8, or NK cells (R7.3, OX8, or 3.2.3, respectively). Phenotypic studies of PBL depleted of CD8+ cells demonstrated that all 3.2.3+ NK cells coexpressed CD8; depletion of 3.2.3+ PBL revealed a second subpopulation of CD8+3.2.3- cells comprised predominantly of alpha beta TCR+ T cells. In naive PVG rats the prevalence of these two CD8+ subpopulations was approximately equal. Both ABT- and DSBT-pretreated renal allograft recipients demonstrated a significant and equivalent expansion of the CD8+ cell subpopulation that coexpresses the 3.2.3 NK marker. In contrast, the second subpopulation of CD8+3.2.3- cells did not change significantly after allografting. There were also no differences between DSBT and ABT pretreated rats in activity of PBL against the NK targets YAC-1 and Doxie at 6 days after renal transplantation, though the level of activity was modestly increased compared with naive controls. These findings indicate that renal transplantation in the rat is associated with a significant increase in PBL with the NK phenotype (CD8+3.2.3+) and a modest increase of NK activity, but that DSBT enhancement does not affect this NK cell response.
Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) fail to show inequality aversion in a no-cost situation

Abstract Although humans show robust equality concerns across a variety of situations, there is ongoing debate regarding the extent to which any nonhuman species is inequality averse. In the current research, we test nonhuman primates' reactions to conspecifics receiving equal and unequal payoffs using a "no-cost" method in which subjects can respond to inequality without rejecting food. Specifically, we gave capuchin monkeys ( Cebus apella ) the opportunity to trade with one of two experimenters, each of whom offered the subject an identical reward, but had different histories of trading with the subject and a conspecific partner. An "equal" experimenter had previously given a conspecific the same reward that the subject had received, whereas the other experimenter was either an "advantageous trader" for the subject (giving the conspecific an inferior reward) or a "disadvantageous trader" for the subject (giving the conspecific a superior reward). By offering subjects a choice between experimenters, we removed several competing demands that may have masked the expression of robust equality preferences in previous studies. Even though there was no cost associated with expressing an equality preference, we found no evidence that capuchins differentiated between equal and unequal experimenters.
Model for the Formation of Topographic Features of the East Pacific Rise Crest

The topography of the East Pacific Rise axis is characterized by a central axial block 300 to 400 m high and 15 to 20 km wide. The axial block is flanked by asymmetrical abyssal hills tilted so that their steep slopes face the axis. Extrusion of basalt along the spreading center forms the axial block. According to the proposed model, subsidiary peaks or shoulders of the axial block are formed by faulting along surfaces that dip steeply toward the axis at the surface but decrease in dip with increasing depth. As the shoulders of the axial block are moved laterally outward by the spreading process, they are lowered along the curving fault surfaces to form the observed tilted abyssal hills.
THE EFFECTS OF MARITAL STATUS AND WIVES' EMPLOYMENT ON THE SALARIES OF FACULTY MEN:: The (House) Wife Bonus

Wives contribute both directly and indirectly to their husbands' careers. For men in some occupations, wives' contributions should lead to higher salaries. In addition, if wives who are not employed contribute more to their husbands' careers than employed wives, men with nonemployed wives should enjoy greater financial benefits than men with employed wives. This study examines data for a national sample of faculty men to determine whether marital status and wives' employment appear to affect men's salary levels. Findings reveal a monotonic increase in earnings corresponding to the hypothesized levels of contributions that men received from wives: men with employed wives had higher salaries than never-married men, while men with nonemployed wives had the highest salaries. This pattern is partly attributable to differences in employment characteristics and achievement levels between these categories of men. However, a direct relationship between salary, and marital status and wives' employment remains after...
Respiratory distress in a pregnant woman with congenital vocal cord paralysis

Abstract BACKGROUND: Vocal cord paralysis is one of the most common congenital laryngeal lesions. Hoarseness and dysphonia are common in unilateral cases. Stridor and respiratory distress are seen in bilateral cases. CASE: A 33-year-old primigravida with bilateral congenital vocal cord paralysis presented in the third trimester with a 2-week history of bronchitis and progressive shortness of breath. She developed stridor, her respiratory status deteriorated, and she was intubated with difficulty. She went into cardiac arrest, was resuscitated and placed on a ventilator, and a tracheotomy was performed. Her condition improved, she remained stable until 38 weeks, and was delivered by cesarean. CONCLUSION: Congenital vocal cord paralysis may result in life-threatening respiratory distress during pregnancy. Tracheotomy placement may be useful in the management of these patients.