cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BINGE EATING AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING AMONG YOUNG WOMEN

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BINGE EATING AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING AMONG YOUNG WOMEN By Nichole R. Kelly, M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2012 Major Director: Suzanne E. Mazzeo, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology Department of Psychology Binge eating is a pervasive disordered eating behavior associated with numerous psychological and physical comorbidities. Preliminary research indicates that emotion regulation difficulties, behavioral impulsivity, and executive dysfunction may contribute to the onset and/or maintenance of these behaviors. However, few studies have utilized neuropsychological measures to examine this link, and the assessment of behavioral and cognitive emotion regulation strategies are limited in scope. The purpose of the current study was to gain a deeper understanding of the emotional, behavioral and cognitive processes associated with binge eating behavior. Greater clarity regarding how these factors relate to binge eating is critical to the development of effective treatment and prevention efforts. To address these aims, the current study examined the executive functioning, depression, behavioral impulsivity, distress tolerance, and emotion regulation strategies of 50 women engaging in weekly binge eating in the absence of compensatory behaviors; their outcomes were compared to 66 women with no history of binge eating. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that groups did not significantly differ in executive functioning after controlling for depression, state anxiety, body mass, psychopharmaceutical use, and general intelligence; nonetheless, correlation analyses suggest that, among the binge eating group, individuals endorsing more frequent binge eating might have greater difficulties thinking flexibly or shifting attention. Secondary analyses indicated that individuals who binge eat are more depressed, are more likely to engage in impulsive behavior (but only when distressed), have more difficulties tolerating distress, are more likely to engage in rumination, self-blame, and catastrophizing, and less likely to focus on the positive. Although the current study is unable to determine whether these cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors precede or follow binge eating episodes, outcomes have clinical implications. Specifically, programs focused on the prevention and treatment of binge eating should help individuals learn to better identify and tolerate difficult affective states and to utilize more adaptive means of coping. Outcomes also provide important directions for future research, including longitudinal designs to better understand the temporal associations of the current study’s variables, as well as suggestions to broaden and standardize neuropsychological assessment and scoring procedures to facilitate comparisons across studies.
A survey of a series of myomectomies, with a follow-up

Abstract 1. 1. Myomectomy is a safe and conservative treatment for fibroids, as represented by a mortality of 0.77 per cent in 128 cases. 2. 2. This procedure offers almost complete relief from dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia which result from the presence of fibroids. 3. 3. The reasonable expectancy of pregnancy in young women under thirty-eight years of age, following myomectomy, according to our series is 33⅓ per cent. 4. 4. The percentage of recurrence of fibroids after myomectomy was 3.08 per cent in our experience. 5. 5. Myomectomy during pregnancy is only indicated where definite necrobiotic processes are present. 6. 6. In the series analyzed, acute obstruction of the bowel occurred in 1.5 per cent of the patients during the hospital stay; 0.75 per cent acute obstruction occurred subsequently as a complication of pregnancy, and 0.75 per cent chronic partial obstruction.
Further Studies of in Vitro Cytotoxicity of Lymphocytes from Patients with Ulcerative and Granulomatous Colitis for Allogeneic Colonic Epithelial Cells, Including the Effects of Colectomy

Further studies have been made of the cytotoxicity in vitro of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with ulcerative colitis, granulomatous colitis, or regional enteritis for allogeneic colonic epithelial cells when incubated at 37 C for 4 hr in the presence of complement. It has been shown that this cytotoxic effect was eliminated by total colectomy or, in one instance, by hemicolectomy with removal of the diseased segment, and the possible significance of these observations is discussed. In 2 patients, despite the cytotoxic effects of the lymphocytes for colonic epithelial cells, no cytotoxicity was found for gastric or ileal epithelial cells. Lymphocytes from healthy subjects and patients with diseases other than ulcerative colitis or granulomatous enterocolitis also were tested for cytotoxic effects in vitro on allogeneic colonic epithelial cells. So far this cytotoxic property has been found to be specific to lymphocytes from patients with ulcerative colitis or granulomatous enterocolitis.
Psycho-logics. An axiomatic system describing human behav- ior.

Abstract We have listed our undefined terms, stated our premises, given what we claim to be an adequate account of the structure of biological ‘purposiveness’. and set up an algebraic set-theory notation which describes the transactional nature of ‘perception’. We have used this notation to describe the structure of any (mainly ‘perceptual’) encounter, and have used the resulting model to define our key terms. Finally, in order to test the adequacy of our model, we have deployed this logical calculus in the not-mainly-‘perceptual’ situations of ordinary physiological ‘need’ and satisfaction, of frustration, and of danger; and as judged by its handling of these situations, our model appears adequate. In the next paper of this series, we shall analyze the structure of ‘undistorted’ or ‘unimpaired’ human behavior, starting with the intrinsically interesting situation of finding a contradiction between what we expect and what we observe , and the consequent process of changing our premises . In a later paper, we shall explore the structure of ‘unimpaired’ human inter-personal transactions, leading up to a detailed analysis of the neurobiological events which occur when two strangers meet in an otherwise deserted hallway, and exchange a glance and warm smile, but no words. Subsequently, we shall explore the structure of ‘distorted’ or ‘impaired’ human behavior and experience, and the structure of the processes by which “distortions” or “impairments” of behavior and experience can be corrected.
Blast transformation in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Risk factors, genetic features, survival, and treatment outcome

Among 274 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and followed for a median of 17.1 months, blast transformation (BT) occurred in 36 (13%). On multivariable analysis, risk factors for BT were presence of circulating blasts (HR 5.7; 95% CI 2.8–11.9) and female gender (HR 2.6; 95% CI 1.3–5.1); the results remained unchanged when analysis was restricted to CMML-1. ASXL1/SRSF2/SF3B1/U2AF1/SETBP1 mutational frequencies were not significantly different between time of CMML diagnosis and BT. Median survival post-BT was 4.7 months (5-year survival 6%) and better with allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) (14.3 months vs. 4.3 months for chemotherapy vs. 0.9 months for supportive care; P = 0.03). Neither karyotype nor mutational status was independently associated with risk of BT or post-BT survival. We conclude that female patients with CMML and those with circulating blasts are at a higher risk of BT. Post-BT survival is dismal and our observations suggest consideration of allogeneic SCT prior to BT.Am. J. Hematol. 90:411–416, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient-Specific Analysis of Left Ventricular Blood Flow

We use a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver to simulate the flow of blood through the left ventricle (LV). Boundary conditions for the solver are derived from actual heart wall motion as measured by MRI-SPAMM. This novel approach allows for the first time a patientspecific LV blood flow simulation using exact boundary conditions.
Cavitation during desaturation of porous media under tension

[1] A potential mechanism for liquid drainage in wet porous media based on cavitation of water (the spontaneous formation of water vapor bubbles) under tension is proposed. Cavitation theory applied to an idealized pore predicts considerable differences in drainage branches of characteristic curves determined under tension and with imposed positive pressure. A potentially important aspect of cavitation is the possibility of liquid displacement (drainage) even in the absence of a continuous gaseous phase. Surface heterogeneity and impurities in soil and rock water are conducive for lowering cavitation tension threshold; on the other hand, small pore sizes and viscous resistance to flow restrain cavitation in natural porous media. The significance of cavitation in flow and transport processes is yet unknown; however, there are two important aspects to this phenomenon: (1) it may require revision of several conceptual models for liquid retention and displacement in porous media, and (2) extrapolating from evidence in plant xylem systems, cavitation may play an important role in determining the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function.
Satellite relayed tracking and data acquisition for the 1990's

The Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) provides near-continuous tracking for low earth-orbiting spacecraft. Increases in data volume projected for the 90's will affect the configuration for data handling in one of two ways. One way involves an increase in the number of satellites in the TDRSS constellation. In connection with the second way, a new tracking and data acquisition satellite system will be developed. The new system will have greater capacity, increased reliability, and a more direct user-to-relay connectivity. The program for developing the ne satellite system of the 1990;s has been defined as Tracking and Data Acquisition System (TDAS). TDAS requirements are considered along with basic TDAS design parameters, TDAS spacecraft architectures, and TDAS constellation options. System and technology considerations are also discussed, taking into account user interface options, operational functions of the TDAS ground elements, and user communication technology.
Hyperactivity and Learning Deficits in Transgenic Mice Bearing a Human Mutant Thyroid Hormone β1 Receptor Gene

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a human syndrome mapped to the thyroid receptor beta (TRbeta) gene on chromosome 3, representing a mutation of the ligand-binding domain of the TRbeta gene. The syndrome is characterized by reduced tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormone and elevated serum levels of thyroid hormones. A common behavioral phenotype associated with RTH is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To test the hypothesis that RTH produces attention deficits and/or hyperactivity, transgenic mice expressing a mutant TRbeta gene were generated. The present experiment tested RTH transgenic mice from the PV kindred on behavioral tasks relevant to the primary features of ADHD: hyperactivity, sustained attention (vigilance), learning, and impulsivity. Male transgenic mice showed elevated locomotor activity in an open field compared to male wild-type littermate controls. Both male and female transgenic mice exhibited impaired learning of an autoshaping task, compared to wild-type controls. On a vigilance task in an operant chamber, there were no differences between transgenics and controls on the proportion of hits, response latency, or duration of stimulus tolerated. On an operant go/no-go task measuring sustained attention and impulsivity, there were no differences between controls and transgenics. These results indicate that transgenic mice bearing a mutant human TRbeta gene demonstrate several behavioral characteristics of ADHD and may serve a valuable heuristic role in elucidating possible candidate genes in converging pathways for other causes of ADHD.
How Work Shapes Well-being

This chapter explores the positive and negative ways that work affects individual well-being. The authors draw on psychological research to define well-being as the subjective psychological, physical and social experiences of individuals. Following a general discussion of well-being and its structure, they detail the various pathways through which work influences well-being. They discuss the considerable impact of work on how people spend their time, where and how well they live, their psychological experience of themselves and others, and other important effects of work. The chapter pays particularly close attention to the economic influence of work, the influence of the content of the work itself, and the context in which work happens on general well-being. Finally, key individual factors that shape the experience of work and its impact on individual well-being are considered. The chapter concludes by highlighting important avenues for future research.
Studies of the Uroporphyrins VI. Isomer composition of the "Waldenströmporphyrins;" effect of heat and the significance of porphyrinogen

1. Seventeen cases of hepatic porphyria have been studied with respect to variations in isomer composition of the urinary Waldenstrom uroporphyrin complex. 2. Comparison was made of the effect of various isolation procedures on the isomer composition of the uroporphyrin complex, with special reference to the effect of preliminary heating of the urine. 3. Methods not employing heat, including the ethyl acetate extraction procedure of Waldenstrom, the talc adsorption of Grinstein et al., and a number of modifications, usually yielded relatively small amounts of a uroporphyrin complex, preponderantly Type I isomer. In two instances, however, the complex contained 60-70 per cent Type III. When separable on calcium carbonate, the Type III component was again shown to consist in the main of a 7-COOH porphyrin. Preheating of the urine regularly produced much larger amounts of a Waldenstrom type porphyrin, and larger proportions of Type III isomer in the complex. 4. The Waldenstrom porphyrin isolated following conversion of naturally occurring porphyrinogen, by irradiation with ultraviolet light, usually contained a marked preponderance of uroporphyrin I. In certain instances, however, the porphyrinogen was entirely that of the "208" Type III porphyrin. 5. While the large amount of Type III porphyrin found after heating the urine undoubtedly represents nonenzymatic conversion of porphobilinogen, the smaller amount of Type I isomer usually present in major proportion in the preformed uroporphyrin complex or its porphyrinogen may have intrinsic metabolic significance. In exceptional cases of acute porphyria, the uroporphyrin of the unheated urine is preponderantly the Type III isomer.
Is there a safe interval between diagnostic invasive procedure and the barium enema study of the colorectum

In an attempt to define the optimal interval of safety when a barium enema study of the colon follows a planned injury of the bowel by local treatment or biopsy (or both), we studied a group of 833 patients who were seen at the Mayo Clinic during 1978. In the study group, 886 polyps were destroyed by fulguration, 258 lesions were both sampled and fulgurated, and 126 areas were sampled for biopsy study. One hundred ninety-four patients had multiple lesions; in 193 of these, 2-18 diminutive polyps were fulgurated. Of the 846 barium studies in the 833 patients, 5 were done on the same day as the planned injury, 543 within 24 hours, and 174 within 72 hours. Four patients demonstrated extravasation of barium, but none had signs or symptoms of acute perforation nor did the resected surgical specimen demonstrate communication with site of injury.
Juvenile justice Swedish style: A rose by another name?

American juvenile courts are neither real courts nor a social welfare system. Rather they combine social welfare and social control, and virtually assure that neither purpose will be achieved. Sweden, by contrast, formally attempts to uncouple social welfare from penal social control by providing a social welfare system that nominally responds to youths on the basis of their service needs, not their criminal behavior. Sweden also does not have juvenile courts; youths age 15 and older are tried in the same criminal justice system as other offenders. Yet Sweden formally recognizes that youthfulness mitigates criminal responsibility, and provides shorter sentences for young offenders because of their reduced culpability. Despite Sweden's attempts to separate welfare from criminal social control for young offenders, a youth's crime and recidivism are linked closely to compulsory “treatment” in the welfare system. Sweden's welfare and criminal justice systems initially appear to differ significantly from Ameri...
Probabilistic unfolding models for sensory data

Abstract Unfolding models are conceptually appealing for the analysis of consumers’ hedonic evaluations of food products. The appeal of the unfolding model is three fold; its conceptual simplicity, spatial character, and assumption of satiety — more is not always better. Unfortunately, the success of unfolding models does not always match their appeal. Reformulating unfolding models in a probabilistic framework is shown to improve their success, extend their application and further enhance their conceptual attraction. Data provided by the organizers of The Fifth Sensometrics Meeting are used to illustrate the proposed reformulation.
Origin and health impacts of emissions of toxic by-products and fine particles from combustion and thermal treatment of hazardous wastes and materials.

High-temperature, controlled incineration and thermal treatment of contaminated soils, sediments, and wastes at Superfund sites are often preferred methods of remediation of contaminated sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 and related legislation. Although these methods may be executed safely, formation of toxic combustion or reaction by-products is still a cause of concern. Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs), including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans; and toxic metals (e.g., chromium VI) have historically been the focus of combustion and health effects research. However, fine particulate matter (PM) and ultrafine PM, which have been documented to be related to cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and cancer, have more recently become the focus of research. Fine PM and ultrafine PM are effective delivery agents for PAHs, CHCs, and toxic metals. In addition, it has recently been realized that brominated hydrocarbons (including brominated/chlorinated dioxins), redox-active metals, and redox-active persistent free radicals are also associated with PM emissions from combustion and thermal processes. In this article, we discuss the origin of each of these classes of pollutants, the nature of their association with combustion-generated PM, and the mechanisms of their known and potential health impacts.
Particle size distributions in volume diffusion-controlled ostwald ripening

Abstract An analysis of the particle size distribution arising during volume diffusion-controlled Ostwald ripening has been performed. Although the exact form of the characteristic distribution is exceptionally complex, computerized numerical integration has been used to demonstrate that the cumulative distribution may be approximated by a simple power function in r and r , the particle radius and the average particle radius, respectively. This result makes it possible to demonstrate the occurrence of volume diffusion-controlled Ostwald ripening graphically from a set of particle size measurements by plotting log particle size versus log cumulative percentage. A straight line of slope 1 4 is obtained if Ostwald ripening has occurred. Data on precipitate size measurements from Ni + 15% Cr + 3.3% Al + 0.7% Ti, Ni + 6.35% Al, Ni + 6.71% Al, and Cu + 1% Co alloys have been compared to the approximate cumulative particle size distribution, and good agreement has been obtained.
Comparative Analysis of CpG Islands in Four Fish Genomes

There has been much interest in CpG islands (CGIs), clusters of CpG dinucleotides in GC-rich regions, because they are considered gene markers and involved in gene regulation. To date, there has been no genome-wide analysis of CGIs in the fish genome. We first evaluated the performance of three popular CGI identification algorithms in four fish genomes (tetraodon, stickleback, medaka, and zebrafish). Our results suggest that Takai and Jones' (2002) algorithm is most suitable for comparative analysis of CGIs in the fish genome. Then, we performed a systematic analysis of CGIs in the four fish genomes using Takai and Jones' algorithm, compared to other vertebrate genomes. We found that both the number of CGIs and the CGI density vary greatly among these genomes. Remarkably, each fish genome presents a distinct distribution of CGI density with some genomic factors (e.g., chromosome size and chromosome GC content). These findings are helpful for understanding evolution of fish genomes and the features of fish CGIs.
A Table for the Determination of Experimentwise Error Rate (Alpha) From Independent Comparisons

When a series of statistical tests are employed in the same experiment, the researcher is obligated to consider the error rate (probability of making a type I error) in terms of the experiment, not merely in terms of each comparison. A table is provided for the rapid determination of experimentwise alpha level when a number of independent statistical tests are employed in the same experiment. Suggested applications and the rationale for this procedure are supplied.
When technology transforms research methodology: the role of librarians in reforming the curriculum

An ever‐growing body of electronic information resources is gradually making traditional research methodologies obsolete and transforming the ways in which students learn how research is carried out in their chosen fields of study. A clear example can be found in the case of Asian studies. Many areas of Asian studies traditionally have depended upon complex, printed bibliographic tools that could only be used by researchers who possessed both a mastery of Asian languages and an in‐depth understanding of the historical timelines and literary traditions of Asia. Students have acquired these research skills and methodologies through semester‐long courses and, in some cases, advanced specialized degrees. Until recently, responsibility for the teaching of such techniques and methodologies to students belonged almost exclusively to the teaching faculty of the discipline. Over the past few years, however, the increased availability of electronic research resources in Asian studies is transforming what students need to know about conducting research. This situation provides an unprecedented opportunity for campus librarians to participate in reforming the curricula for a new generation of Asian studies scholars.
Trying Out for the Team: Do Exhibitions Matter? Evidence from the National Football League

Abstract A recent article in Sports Illustrated argues that the National Football League (NFL) preseason schedule should be eliminated because the games are meaningless, feature subpar players, and are of no interest to fans. In this article we challenge this view, using statistical techniques to analyze both the outcome of preseason games and their value as a predictor of regular season performance. Our analysis is based on the application of a rank-order tournament model to the NFL labor market. The model explains preseason results in terms of the competition for positions on teams. Two implications are that the outcome of preseason games should reflect the labor market characteristics of the participating teams and that a team's preseason record should be positively related to its regular season record. Both of these hypotheses are consistent with our analysis of NFL data from 1970 through 1991.
CORN RESPONSE TO IRRIGATION AND TILLAGE

Dependence of dry matter yields on water availability is an important factor in crop production. In this article data from the literature are used to confirm the linear relationship between grain and silage response to irrigation for corn (Zea mays L.). Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between conventional and no-tillage treatments. About 50% of plant dry matter occurred in the grain, independent of irrigation level, which agrees with previous results. A procedure for calibration of the linear model is illustrated. *Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R-08324.
Comparison of Cost Structures at Selected US and Colombian Coal Mines

This paper summarizes a study designed to measure the differences in production costs at certain US and Colombian coal mines and to identify those factors, including mine health, safety and environmental requirements, which account for the difference. Meaningful cost-structure comparisons required that mines with similar geology, techniques and sizes be evaluated in each country. Standard engineering estimating techniques were used to develop costs at three roughly matched pairs of mines, one from each country. Tax and labour cost differences were found to be more important factors than regulatory differences in the cost advantage of the Colombian mines in each set.
Can Psychotherapy Research Serve as a Guide for Research About Executive Coaching? An Agenda for the Next Decade

Although there are important differences between psychotherapy and executive coaching, both seek to bring about behavior change and both involve a relationship between a professional (e.g., therapist, coach) and a client (e.g., patient, executive). Numerous meta-analyses conducted over the past 30 years have established the efficacy of psychotherapy, but research on the efficacy of executive coaching is scarce at best. Based on a review of meta-analyses of psychotherapy, I present eight questions to guide research concerning executive coaching. For each question, I present the results of psychotherapy meta-analyses and discuss the implications for executive coaching research and practice. The voluminous history of psychotherapy research points to important questions and methodological issues that should guide future research about the impact and practice of executive coaching.
A flexible parametric selection model for non‐normal data with application to health care usage

I examine the effects of insurance status and managed care on hospitalization spells, and develop a new approach for sample selection problems in parametric duration models. MLE of the Flexible Parametric Selection (FPS) model does not require numerical integration or simulation techniques. I discuss application to the exponential, Weibull, log-logistic and gamma duration models. Applying the model to the hospitalization data indicates that the FPS model may be preferred even in cases in which other parametric approaches are available. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hindu Leaders in North America

. “Are there Hindu leaders in North America”? Can there be leaders of a purportedly invented or imaginary religion that has no shared doctrines or beliefs? This provocative essay offers answers to these and related questions about the nature of Hindu leadership in North America. Three ideal types are examined: Ritualists, Guides, and Administrators. Their roles and responsibilities, though relatively clear in India, have become complicated in their current incarnations in North America. The difficulties are further enhanced when combined with a drive to derive a syncretic form of Hinduism, a pan-Hinduism that never existed before. This article challenges the leaders of Hinduism in North America to confront and perhaps even jettison their invented identity as a way of becoming better leaders.
Reactive Phenol-Functional Polyesters with UV-Absorbing Moiety and their Coating Applications

Reactive Phenol-functional polyester (PPE) resins have been synthesized using p-hydroxy cinnamic acid (p-HCA) as one of the components, by direct polyesterification reaction. The PPEs have been characterized for relevant physical and chemical characteristics. Various thermosetting coating compositions have been prepared using PPE and melamine-formaldehyde type crosslinking agent. The cured coatings have been found to have excellent mechanical properties. The study shows that PPE-based coatings strongly absorb in the ultraviolet region below 330 nm and their films exhibit superior resistance to accelerated weathering tests.
Xenogeneic thymic replacement to achieve immune restoration in HIV infection

Abstract The thymus is a target of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in humans, and destruction of thymic progenitors and of the thymic microenvironment by HIV may preclude the generation of functional naive T cells to repopulate the peripheral CD4 T cell pool in HIV-infected people. Xenogeneic thymic grafting might provide a useful strategy for overcoming this obstacle, as xenogeneic thymi might resist HIV infection, and xenogeneic donors could provide essentially unlimited amounts of thymic tissue. We have recently demonstrated that a highly disparate (porcine) xenogeneic thymus graft can be used to replace the host thymus to reconstitute CD4 + T cells in thymectomized, T cell-depleted mice, and that these CD4 + T cells that repopulate the periphery after developing in porcine thymic xenografts are fully functional, confer resistance to opportunistic infections, and show specific tolerance to the porcine donor and the recipient. Studies in immunodeficient mice show that porcine thymic tissue is likewise capable of generating mature, functional human T cells from hematopoietic progenitors, and that these human cells are specifically tolerant of the porcine donor. Preliminary studies suggest that porcine thymic tissue may confer resistance to the destructive effects of HIV-1 infection on human thymopoiesis. Attempts to apply this approach in nonhuman primates, including simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus monkeys, have demonstrated the importance of overcoming the powerful recipient anti-pig T cell response in order to avoid rejection of porcine thymic grafts. However, preliminary results provide encouragement that a tolerant primate T cell repertoire could be generated in a porcine thymic xenograft if this initial immune response were fully prevented.
Biomedical Image Processing And Understanding

This paper describes the ongoing research at Purdue University in the area of biomedical image processing and understanding. Problems associated with the above research together with the techniques used to solve them are discussed, and the research activities are also viewed in the context of the artificial intelligence (A.I.) field. Specific applications, like the automatic analysis of chest radiographs and the white blood cell neutrophils image segmentation are presented.
The pain resource nurse training program: A unique approach to pain management

Adequate pain management is a 24 hr a day responsibility for health-care professionals working with cancer patients. Because nurses spend more time with patients in pain than any other member of the health-care team, they play a central role in pain assessment and pain management. The City of Hope National Medical Center, a clinical cancer center, developed a pain management course for staff nurses entitled "The Pain Resource Nurse (PRN) Training Program." The purpose of this innovative course was to prepare staff nurses to assume an active role in pain management. Twenty-six registered nurses participated in the 40-hr didactic and clinical course. The curriculum included information on pain assessment, pharmacology, nondrug interventions, and cultural, ethical, and psychosocial issues related to pain. After completion of the course, program staff have remained available to the PRNs to provide current information on pain management, and to assist with role implementation and guidance on interfacing with staff. This paper reports on the development, implementation, and 3-mo evaluation of this unique program.
The visibility of lines and squares at high brightnesses.

Field experiments show that a wire may be seen against a sky of high brightness when its diameter subtends only half a second of visual angle. For this the wire must be at least one degree long. Shorter wires must be thicker. Silhouetted squares may be seen at angles of only 18 seconds. Considering length and width, squares are more efficient visual targets than fine lines by about a factor of 3.
Delay in onset of heat-sensitivity in a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor.

Abstract A delay in onset of heat-sensitivity was demonstrated for methylcholanthrene-induced tumors implanted in the footpad of BALB cJ or CAF 1 J female mice. A heat dose of 46.0 ± 0.1°C/10 min resulted in long-term cure for a majority of the mice heated on day 7 post-implantation but cured only 4% of those heated on day zero and non-heated on day 1 post-implantation. By comparison, all untreated controls grew tumors which never spontaneously regressed and were dead within 3 months post-implantation.
Preparation of a monoclonal antibody specific for the class I isotype of β-tubulin: The β isotypes of tubulin differ in their cellular distributions within human tissues

Tubulin, the subunit protein of microtubules, is an alpha/beta heterodimer. In many organisms, both alpha and beta consist of various isotypes. Although the isotypes differ in their tissue distributions, the question of whether the isotypes perform different functions in vivo is unanswered. In mammals, the betaI and betaIV isotypes are quite widespread, and betaII is less so, while betaIII and betaVI have narrow distributions and betaV distribution is unknown. As a tool for localizing the isotypes, we report the preparation of a monoclonal antibody specific for betaI, to add to our previously described monoclonal antibodies specific for betaII, betaIII, and betaIV [Banerjee et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263:3029-3034, 1988; 265:1794-1799, 1990; 267:5625-5630, 1992]. In order to prepare this antibody, we have purified betaI-rich rat thymus tubulin. We have used our battery of antibodies to localize the beta isotypes in four human tissues: oviduct, skin, colon, and pancreas. We have found striking differences in their tissue distributions. There is little or no betaIII in these tissues, except for the columnar epithelial cells of the colon. BetaII is restricted to very few cells, except in the skin, where it is concentrated in the stratum granulosum. BetaI is widespread in all the epithelia. In the skin it is found in the entire stratum malpighii. In the oviduct, betaI is found largely in the nonciliated epithelial cells. In the exocrine pancreas, betaI occurs only in the centroacinar cells and not in the acinar cells; the latter do not stain with any of these antibodies. BetaIV is present at very low levels in skin and pancreas. By contrast, it is prominent in the colon and also in the oviduct, where it occurs in all the epithelial cells, especially in the ciliated cells, with the highest concentrations in the cilia themselves. These results suggest that the regulation of the expression and localization of isotypes in tissues is very complex.
The electrical conductance of suspensions of ellipsoids and its relation to the study of avian erythrocytes

1. The theory of electrical conductance of colloidal suspensions has been extended to cover the case of ellipsoids with three axes different. 2. The results have been applied to suspensions of ellipsoidal erythrocytes of birds. 3. It has been shown that fluctuations in electrical resistance of suspensions of erythrocytes after stirring are due to streaming orientation of the cells. 4. The theory has been extended to cover four cases of orientation and tested experimentally in specially designed flow cells by electrical and optical methods. 5. Application of the flow method to the study of the shape of colloidal particles is discussed.
Simultaneous solution of fuzzy models: an application to economic equilibrium analysis

Abstract The fuzzy modeling technology, which uses a rule-based description of the relationship between variables, is discussed. We then turn to the problem of the simultaneous solution of relationships involving fuzzy models. We illustrate this problem by considering the equilibrium problem in economics. In this case we have two relationships, one between price and supply and the other between price and demand, and we desire to find the price for which the supply equals the demand. It is shown that if the fuzzy models have antecedent fuzzy sets which are of the trapezoidal–triangular type then a solution technique can be found.
Larval mortality of Culex tarsalis and Aedes aegypti when reared with different concentrations of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Abstract The paucity of information on infection and pathogenicity of mosquito larvae by ciliates under experimental conditions prompted the evaluation of the relationship between a clone of Tetrahymena pyriformis and two species of mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Culex tarsalis. A significant difference in mortality was observed between the two mosquito species when they were exposed to identical concentrations of ciliates. In rearing trays containing high concentrations of T. pyriformis, 76.3% of the C. tarsalis larvae died. Under similar conditions, death occurred in less than 3.0% of the A. aegypti larvae. Three figures illustrate daily results of these studies. Three criteria for facultative parasites are listed, and one, route of entry into the host, is discussed in detail.
Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with intravenous melphalan and G-CSF in patients with chemoresponsive multiple myeloma: report of a phase II trial.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy for which autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is a standard therapy. The optimal method of stem cell mobilization is not defined. We evaluated intravenous melphalan (60 mg/m2), the most effective agent for MM, and G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day) for mobilization. End points were safety, adequacy of CD34+ collections, MM response, and contamination of stem cell components (SCC). In total, 32 patients were mobilized. There were no deaths or significant bleeding episodes; 14 patients (44%) required hospitalization for neutropenic fever. Median days of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia were 7 (2–20) and 8 (3–17). Median mobilization days, CD34+ cells/kg and total leukaphereses were 16 (12–30), 12.1 million (2.6–52.8), and 2 (1–5) respectively. Four patients (12.5 %) failed to achieve the target of 4 million CD34+ cells/kg in five leukaphereses. Reduction in myeloma was seen in 11 patients (34%) with 3 (9%) achieving complete response; 15 (47%) maintained prior responses. Estimated MM contamination per SCC (N=48) was 0.0009% (range 0–0.1) and 0.21 × 10 4 cells per kg (range 0–41.2). Increased contamination was associated with increased patient age. This strategy for mobilization is feasible, frequently requires hospitalization and transfusion, and controls disease in most patients.
The Absence of Interictal Spikes with Documented Seizures Suggests Extratemporal Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who have documented epileptic seizures on long-term video-EEG monitoring who do not have interictal spikes. Methods: The records of 1,223 monitoring studies from 919 patients who underwent noninvasive long-term video-EEG monitoring were reviewed. In 28 patients (3.0% of monitored patients, 4.4% of patients with electrographic evidence of epilepsy), no interictal spikes were found despite the occurrence of at least one recorded electrographic seizure. The demographic, medical, neuropsychological, and EEG data of these patients were compared with those of 28 matched control patients with documented interictal spikes. Results: Extratemporal seizures were significantly more frequent in the patients with at least one recorded epileptic seizure but without interictal spikes compared with patients with epileptic seizures and interictal spikes (p = 0.031). The only other significant difference between the groups (p = 0.016) was a later age at seizure onset (18.3 vs. 10.7 years) for the patients without interictal spikes. Age at evaluation, gender, handedness, clinical seizure type, family history of epilepsy, history of febrile seizures, neuropsychological testing, and neurologic and psychiatric history did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: In patients with documented epilepsy without interictal spikes on EEG monitoring, the possibility of an extratemporal focus should be considered.
Local environment of Li intercalated in Mo6SezS8-z as probed using electrochemical methods.

Results are presented from electrochemical and in situ x-ray diffraction cells of the ternary molybdenum chalcogenides ${\mathrm{Li}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{\mathrm{z}}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{z}}$ (0\ensuremath{\le}z\ensuremath{\le}8, 0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1), where the ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{\mathrm{z}}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{z}}$ samples were obtained by chemical removal of Cu from ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2.5}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{\mathrm{z}}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{z}}$. The electrochemical results for the entire series can be accounted for with a lattice-gas model that assumes that the energy of a Li atom depends on the number of S and Se atoms nearby. This energy is dominated by the two nearest-neighbor chalcogens on the rhombohedral 3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} axis. The analysis of the electrochemical results gives the fraction of the Se which resides in these sites. This fraction correlates well with the site occupancies refined from single-crystal x-ray diffraction. It is also accounted for by a model of crystal growth. Our models also account for the lattice expansions in some other Chevrel compounds ${A}_{x}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{\mathrm{z}}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{z}}$ as a function of x and z.
Characterization of Mahogunin Ring Finger-1 expression in mice.

Summary Mutations in mouse Mahogunin Ring Finger-1(Mgrn1) were ﬁrst recognized for their effect onagouti-mediated pigment-type switching. Mgrn1null mutants are completely black and developspongiform degeneration of the brain. Mgrn1 hypo-morphs have dark fur but do not develop neurode-generation. We characterized a new Mgrn1hypomorphic allele caused by a gene-trap insertion.Mice homozygous for this mutation are slightly dar-ker than non-mutant animals. They show reducedoverall expression of Mgrn1 and two of the fournormal Mgrn1 isoforms are replaced by b-GEOfusion proteins that differ from the normal proteinsat their carboxy termini. To investigate the role ofdifferent Mgrn1 isoforms in pigment-type switching,we used quantitative relative reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction to examine their expres-sion in the skin of Mgrn1 mutant and control mice.Most Mgrn1 mutants produce little or no normalMgrn1 in the skin. Mgrn1 null mutant mice overex-pressing isoform I or III, which are normally absentor weakly expressed in adult skin, had normalagouti-banded hairs. Our results indicate thatreduced levels of MGRN1 cause the pigmentationphenotypes of Mgrn1 mutant mice and that thereare no signiﬁcant differences in the function of thefour MGRN1 isoforms in pigment-type switching.Key words: Mahogunin Ring Finger-1/mahoganoid/agouti/pigmentation/mouseReceived 22 February 2006, revised and accepted forpublication 18 July 2006
A case of peritoneal mesothelioma in a thoroughbred mare.

SUMMARY The report describes a case of abdominal neoplasia in a mare diagnosed ante-mortem by the technique of paracentesis abdominis. Histopathological findings suggest that the lesion was a mesothelioma, primarily involving the greater omentum. RESUME Ce rapport decrit un cas de neoplasie abdominale chez la jument, diagnostique avant la mort en utilisant une paracenthese abdominale. L'histologie permet de penser qu'il s'agissait d'un mesotheliome a point de depart sur le grand omentum. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Dieser Fallbericht bezieht sich auf eine abdominale Neoplasie bei der Stute. Der Tumor wurde antemortem durch abdominale Paracentese diagnostiziert. Die histopathologische Untersuchung wies ein Mesotheliom vor allem des grossen Netzes nach.
Inactivity of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in antidepressant screening tests.

With several standard procedures commonly used to detect antidepressant activity in experimental animals, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was virtually inactive over a wide range of dose. The tests were (a) reversal of tetrabenazine-induced depression in mice, (b) reversal of reserpine-induced hypothermia in rats, (c) enhancement of yohimbine toxicity in mice, (d) inhibition of tremors and salivation induced by tremorine in mice. These findings are discussed with respect to previous studies indicating THC may possess antidepressant activity in animals and humans.
Resonant free surface waves in a rectangular basin

Abstract An experimental investigation of near resonance free surface waves in a rectangular basin is described and the results compared to computations. These experiments show strong nonlinear interactions exist between excited near resonance modes. Numerical computations exhibit a qualitatively similar behavior though the details of the interactions vary slightly. A simple mathematical analysis is also presented to provide an intuitive understanding of the problem.
Asparagine-linked oligosaccharide structures determine clearance and organ distribution of pituitary and recombinant thyrotropin.

The recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) with highly sialylated oligosaccharide chains showed higher in vivo bioactivity and a lower MCR than the predominantly sulfated pituitary human TSH (phTSH). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of terminal carbohydrate residues in organ distribution and metabolic clearance of TSH using an in vivo rat model. The different 125I-labeled TSH preparations with distinct carbohydrate composition were injected i.v. At various time points (5-180 min) after bolus TSH injection, blood, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, and thyroid samples were collected. TSH uptake was determined by trichloroacetic acid precipitation of [125I]TSH in the organ homogenates. The rhTSH (solely sialylated) was distributed predominantly to the kidneys 5, 15, and 30 min after injection. In contrast, phTSH (sulfated/sialylated) and bovine TSH (bTSH; solely sulfated) were cleared predominantly by the liver (at 5 min), with a later renal phase of clearance (at 30 min). Asialo-rhTSH was c...