cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chaotic dynamical systems in the undergraduate curriculum

The topics of dynamical systems, chaos and fractals have a growing importance in mathematics. This paper discusses an attempt at bringing a course in chaotic dynamical systems to the undergraduate level. The paper discusses the choices of source materials, topics, homework, and computer projects and makes recommendations based on experiences encountered in presenting such a course at the University of Michigan‐Dearborn. The last 25 years have seen a major increase in the interest in the study of nonlinear dynamical systems. The qualitative techniques discussed in this field have been applied to nonlinear problems ranging from physics and chemistry to economics and even art. Unlike the specific information generated in the solution of a differential equation, dynamical systems deal with the qualitative behaviour of all solutions of a system. The analysis involves techniques from a variety of mathematical sources and can serve to heighten a students’ appreciation of the beauty and unity of mathematics. The ...
Inner-shell photoionization of barium, xenon, and krypton.

Total photoabsorption cross sections have been calculated for the Ba, ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{2+}$, Xe, and Kr atoms, and also for barium plasma at kT=20 eV temperature. The calculations are based on a self-consistent Dirac-Slater model of the atom with the option of including the effect of the vacancy hole created by the ejected electron following photoionization from an inner shell. We investigate the effect of the vacancy hole together with the use of the dipole-length and dipole-velocity forms of the transition matrix elements and also the effect of polarization in the final state of the ion. We present calculations for photoabsorption at photon energies in the regions of inner-shell photoionization.
The Abolition of Climbing Boys

"CHIMNEY-SWEEPERS," wrote Henry Mayhew in 1851, "are a consequence of two things-chimneys anid the use of coal as fuel; and these are both commodities of comparatively recent introduction."2 Before Elizabeth's reign began, very few homes in England had chimneys For heating purposes, fires burned on hearthstones, situated in the center of halls or against one wall, and the smoke drifted out through the windows, doors, or apertures in the roof. As fortresses in the country were transformed into manor houses and noblemen's residences in London were altered to provide greater comfort, the Italian fashion of constructing chimneys with flues to conduct smoke from log fires to the roof was introduced so generally that by 1577 Chronicler Harrison was grumbling "now we have manie chimnies, and yet our tenderlings complaine of rheumes, catarhs, and poses; then had we none but reredosses, and our heads did never ake."3 But despite Harrison's glowing tribute to the hardiness of earlier generations, his contemporaries and their descendants, insisting on heated apartments, demanded more and more fireplaces in their residences, indeed a fireplace for every room. As the number of flues for each chimney increased, the size of their diameters decreased, thereby economizing on space, shutting out drafts, and preventing the heat from coal fires-coal began to supplant wood as fuel in the seventeenth century-from escaping up the chimney. So widespread did the practice of narrowing the flues become that, by the Regency Period, Henry Grey Bennet declared many flues were often "not
The dimension of the Cartesian product of partial orders

Abstract If P and Q are partial orders, then the dimension of the cartesian product P × Q does not exceed the sum of the dimensions of P and Q . There are several known sufficient conditions for this bound to be attained. On the other hand, the only known lower bound for the dimension of a cartesian product is the trivial inequality dim ( P × Q )⩾ max{dim P , dim Q }. In particular, if P has dimension n , we know only that n ⩽dim( P × P )⩽2 n . In this paper, we show that for each n ⩾3, the crown S n 0 is an n -dimensional partial order for which dim( S n 0 × S n 0 )=2 n −2. No example for which dim( P × Q P +dim Q −2 is known.
Paired comparison, triple comparison, and ranking experiments as generalized linear models, and their implementation on glim

A wide variety of paired comparison, triple comparison, and ranking experiments may be viewed as generalized linear models. These include paired comparison models based on both the Bradley-Terry and Thurstone-Mosteller approaches, as well as extensions of these models that allow for ties, order of presentation effects, and the presence of covariates. Moreover, the triple comparison model of Pendergrass and Bradley, as well as models for complete rankings of more than three items, can also be represented as generalized linear models. All such models can be easily fit by maximum likelihood, using the widely available GLIM computer package. Additionally, GLIM enables the computation of likelihood ratio statistics for testing many hypotheses of interest. Examples are presented that cover a variety of cases, along with their implementation on GLIM.
Electronic autoionization and vibrational-state distributions in resonant multiphoton ionization of H2.

We investigate the effects of electronic autoionization on the vibrational branching ratios in resonant multiphoton ionization of H2. Ab initio calculations are performed to obtain the vibrational branching ratios for (3+1) resonant-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of H2 via the C 1Πu state. Our calculations include the effects of the dissociative 1Πg(1σu1πu) autoionizing state and properly account for the interference between the direct and the indirect (autoionization) channels. We find that the direct and indirect amplitudes are comparable for excitation via the higher (vi≥2) vibrational levels of the C state. Autoionization greatly enhances the branching ratios for Δv≠0 transitions. These calculations underscore the necessity for a proper treatment of both the direct and indirect contributions in understanding the REMPI of molecules via autoionizing states.
Sequence of cDNAs Encoding Components of Vascular Actin Single-stranded DNA-binding Factor 2 Establish Identity to Purα and Purβ

Transcriptional repression of the mouse vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin gene in fibroblasts and myoblasts is mediated, in part, by the interaction of two single-stranded DNA binding activities with opposite strands of an essential transcription enhancer factor-1 recognition element (Sun, S., Stoflet, E. S., Cogan, J. G., Strauch, A. R., and Getz, M. J. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 2429-2436). One of these activities, previously designated vascular actin single-stranded DNA-binding factor 2 includes two distinct polypeptides (p44 and p46) which specifically interact with the purine-rich strand of both the enhancer and a related element in a protein coding exon of the gene (Kelm, R. J., Jr., Sun, S., Strauch, A. R., and Getz, M. J. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 24278-24285). Expression screening of a mouse lung cDNA library with a vascular actin single-stranded DNA-binding factor 2 recognition element has now resulted in the isolation of two distinct cDNA clones that encode p46 and p44. One of these proteins is identical to Puralpha, a retinoblastoma-binding protein previously implicated in both transcriptional activation and DNA replication. The other is a related family member, presumably Purbeta. Comparative band shift and Southwestern blot analyses conducted with cellular p46, p44, and cloned Pur proteins synthesized in vitro and in vivo, establish identity of p46 with Puralpha and p44 with Purbeta. This study implicates Puralpha and/or Purbeta in the control of vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin gene transcription.
meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin-derived oxypyriporphyrin, oxypyrichlorin, and thiomorpholinochlorin, as their Ni(II) complexes

trans-Diolchlorin was prepared by nucleophilic addition of methyl-Grignard bromide to meso-tetraphenyl-2,3-dioxoporphyrin, as its free base or Ni(II) complex. The trans-configuration of the vic-diol functionality was shown by single crystal X-ray diffractometry. The nickel complex of the trans-dimethyldiol proved susceptible to Pb(IV) acetate-induced, oxidative diol cleavage, generating a meso-tetraphenylsecochlorin bismethylketone Ni(II) complex, the first example of this chromophore class. Under Bronsted-basic conditions, this bisketone cyclized via an intramolecular aldol condensation to provide a meso-tetraphenyloxypyriporphyrin. Reduction of this porphyrin analog saturated the double bond in the pyridinone moiety, generating an oxypyrichlorin. Reaction of the meso-tetraphenylsecochlorin bismethylketone Ni(II) complex with Lawesson's reagent induced the formation of a thiomorpholinochlorin substituted with two methylene groups, the first example of any porphyrin analog containing a thiomorpholine moiety.
Complexity of Reasoning about Children's Development: Links with Teacher-Preparation Content Courses and Supervised Laboratory Experience.

Abstract In a sample of 74 university students studying early childhood and pre‐kindergarten education, researchers assessed the relationships between child development knowledge, complexity of reasoning about development, prior work experience with children, and teacher‐preparation content courses and laboratory courses. There was no statistically significant association between knowledge of child development and complexity of reasoning. The former primarily involves the acquisition of facts about patterns of general change, whereas complexity of reasoning permits caregivers to apply those facts to real‐life care‐giving dilemmas. Child development knowledge was predicted by the number of completed pre‐kindergarten content courses, but not by experience with children. Complexity of reasoning was predicted by both content and laboratory courses, the effects of which were assessed separately. Findings suggest that teacher‐preparation content courses, supplemented by guided experience with children, provide ...
A Comparison of Synchronized Cell Division in Protozoa

SYNOPSIS. From an equation derived for measuring synchrony in microbial systems, a synchronization index (SI) may be computed, which depends on 3 parameters: (1) fraction of the population undergoing synchronous division; (2) time during which this synchrony of division occurs, and (3) generation time during normal exponential multiplication. Synchronization indices were computed and tabulated for 14 microbial cultures in which cell division was synchronized by different methods. The SI's range from 0.20 to 0.80. In the ideal situation—instantaneous doubling of the cell number in the mass culture—the SI is 1.00.
Molecular electronics: Van der Waals rectifiers.

Subtle effects in the way self-assembled monolayers pack can be harnessed to produce dramatic enhancements in the performance of organic diodes.
Future organic tire fibers

In the history of the automobile, organic fibers have dominated the tire reinforcement field, starting with cotton and progressing through a series of man-made fibers, each finding its place on the basis of its special attributes and overall performance. In general, these fibers were engineered for textile applications, but were subsequently adapted by special processing to make them as suitable for tires as possible. However, each has had limitations which have kept it from certain segments of the market. Moreover, the performance demands on tires have become progressively more stringent, and new tire designs have evolved, so that new tire reinforcement materials are needed. While glass and steel wire are contributing some of the desired properties, they also have their limitations. On the other hand, the potential for creating new, more favorable property balances from organic fibers is far from exhausted. This paper will discuss the main tire yarn property criteria and the polymer and fiber structural factors which control them. Then, the properties and performance of an entirely new fiber, specifically engineered chemically and physically for tire reinforcement, will be described. Fiber properties discussed will include tensile strength, modulus, dimensional stability, fatigue resistance, adhesion, and thermal stability.
Intramembrane particle aggregation in erythrocyte ghosts. II. The influence of spectrin aggregation.

Abstract Physicochemical properties of mixtures of spectrin and actin extracted from human erythrocyte ghosts have been correlated with ultrastructural changes observed in freeze-fractured erythrocyte membranes. 1. (1) Extracted mixtures of spectrin and actin have a very low solubility (less than 30 μg/ml) near their isoelectric point, pH 4.8. These mixtures are also precipitated by low concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, polylysine or basic proteins. 2. (2) All conditions which precipitate extracts of spectrin and actin also induce aggregation of the intramembrane particles in spectrin-depleted erythrocyte ghosts. Precipitation of the residual spectrin molecules into small patches on the cytoplasmic surface of the ghost membrane is thought to be the cause of particle aggregation, implying an association between the spectrin molecules and the intramembrane particles. 3. (3) When fresh ghosts are exposed to conditions which precipitate extracts of spectrin and actin, only limited particle aggregation occurs. Instead, the contraction of the intact spectrin meshwork induced by the precipitation conditions compresses the lipid bilayer of the membrane, causing it to bleb off particle-free, protein- free vesicles. 4. (4) The absence of protein in these lipid vesicles implies that all the proteins of the erythrocyte membrane are immobilized by association with either the spectrin meshwork or the intramembrane particles.
Geomagnetic Euler potentials

Geomagnetic Euler potentials applied to conjugate points on earth surface and magnetosphere, and equations for drift shells traced by trapped particles
Further aspects of the piezospectroscopy of singly ionized zinc in germanium

A study of the excitation spectrum of singly ionized zinc in germanium under very high signal-to-noise ratios has revealed the ${A}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, ${A}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$, and $G$ lines of this acceptor; the latter line is extremely weak. A number of further features have been observed at stresses higher than those previously used. The most striking effect is the dramatic growth of the $G$ components under stress due to very strong interaction between the substates of the excited state of the $G$ line and those of the excited state of the $D$ line. This interaction also causes strong nonlinear effects in the stress dependence of the energies of the stress-induced components of the excitation lines. More reliable deformation-potential constants are obtained than those previously given.
Viral–bacterial interactions–therapeutic implications

Viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the development of vaccines and potent antibiotics. Frequently, viruses and bacteria can co-infect the same host, resulting in heightened pathology and severity of illness compared to single infections. Bacterial superinfections have been a significant cause of death during every influenza pandemic, including the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. This review will analyze the epidemiology and global impact of viral and bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract, with an emphasis on bacterial infections following influenza. We will next examine the mechanisms by which viral infections enhance the acquisition and severity of bacterial infections. Finally, we will discuss current management strategies for diagnosing and treating patients with suspected or confirmed viral-bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. Further investigation into the interactions between viral and bacterial infections is necessary for developing new therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating the severity of co-infections.
Single Drug Immunosuppression for Infant Heart Transplant Recipients

s S323 survival at 1 month, 1 year and 5 years was 83%, 69% and 55% respectively. Patients who had a stroke had an increase risk of mortality [Fig. 1; HR 1.9 (1.6-2.2), p< 0.001]. Multivariable independent risk factors for stroke included a primary diagnosis of congenital heart disease [HR 1.3 (1.0-1.6), p< 0.001], pretransplant ventilator dependence [HR 1.5 (1.1-1.9), p= 0.01], post-operative dialysis [HR 3.5 (2.5-5.0), p< 0.001], infection requiring antibiotics prior to discharge [HR 2.2 (1.72.9), p< 0.001], pacemaker implantation [HR 1.6 (1.1-2.6), p= 0.03], or drug treated hypertension [HR 1.4 (1.1-1.8), p= 0.003] during follow up. Conclusion: Stroke following pediatric heart transplantation is associated with increased mortality. Congenital heart disease portends great risk in addition to markers of increased preand post-transplant medical acuity.
Modeling CaMKII in cardiac physiology: from molecule to tissue.

Post-translational modification of membrane proteins (e.g. ion channels, receptors) by protein kinases is an essential mechanism for control of excitable cell function. Importantly, loss of temporal and/or spatial control of ion channel post-translational modification is common in congenital and acquired forms of cardiac disease and arrhythmia. The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates a number of diverse cellular functions in heart, including excitation-contraction coupling, gene transcription, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of CaMKII signaling has been implicated in human and animal models of disease. Understanding of CaMKII function has been advanced by mathematical modeling approaches well-suited to the study of complex biological systems. Early kinetic models of CaMKII function in the brain characterized this holoenzyme as a bistable molecular switch capable of storing information over a long period of time. Models of CaMKII activity have been incorporated into models of the cell and tissue (particularly in the heart) to predict the role of CaMKII in regulating organ function. Disease models that incorporate CaMKII overexpression clearly demonstrate a link between its excessive activity and arrhythmias associated with congenital and acquired heart disease. This review aims at discussing systems biology approaches that have been applied to analyze CaMKII signaling from the single molecule to intact cardiac tissue. In particular, efforts to use computational biology to provide new insight into cardiac disease mechanisms are emphasized.
Partial interlayers in phyllosilicates studied by transmission electron microscopy

Interstratification of complete layers has long been recognized in phyllosilicates. Interlayering on a fine scale with a host containing partial layers of a second phase has only recently been recognized by using TEM. Considering similarities in structural units of phyllosilicates this type of interlayering should be expected. Alteration samples from Butte, Montana, show extensive development of partial interlayers in kaolinite, sericite, and pyrophyllite. Kaolinite found in plagioclase sites always grows from smectite and in the growth process incorporates unit cell thick lenses of the smectite. The interlayers show up as increased spacing in 001 fringes and cause considerable strain in the surrounding kaolinite structure. Pyrophyllite studied was found to have abundant interlayers and inclusions of muscovite. This muscovite was identified from diffuse 10 A reflections and microanalysis. The muscovite inclusions are usually less than 5 layers thick and extend from 50 A to 1,000 A in the ab plane. In sericite fine interlayering is subtle for the interlayers vary only slightly in unit cell size and composition from the host; however, structural changes are significant enough to cause imagable strain contrast in the host. Zones of fine interlayers are thought to mark healed subgrain boundaries which originally were zones of compositional heterogeneity.
Simplification of Input: Topic Reinstatements and their Effects on L2 Learners' Recognition and Recall

An experiment was designed to investigate how different types of topic reinstatements affected second language learners' recognition and recall of sentence topics in lectures. The variant reinstatement structures tested were repetition of the noun topic, rhetorical questions, synonyms, conditional clauses, and simple noun reiteration. The research question was whether syntactic simplicity or elaboration and redundancy would be more effective in promoting retention of the topic. Findings indicated that the redundant repeated noun was significantly better recognized than the simple noun, and was better recalled than the conditional or synonym. Learners with relatively low English proficiency tended to have poorer recall ability on the syntactically more complex structures.
Population models with periodic recruitment functions and survival rates

We study the combined effects of periodically varying carrying capacity and survival rate on populations. We show that our populations with constant recruitment functions do not experience either resonance or attenuance when either only the carrying capacity or the survival rate is fluctuating. However, when both carrying capacity and survival rate are fluctuating the populations experience either attenuance or resonance, depending on parameter regimes. In addition, we show that our populations with Beverton–Holt recruitment functions experience attenuance when only the carrying capacity is fluctuating.
On the Role of Protein 3CD in Formation of the Poliovirus Replication Organelle

Picornaviruses hijack host membranes to create an organelle that serves as the site of viral genome replication. This virus-induced organelle can be observed by EM at a time when viral RNA is accumulating exponentially and infectious virus can be isolated. Proteins encoded by the P2-region of the genome have been thought to be necessary and sufficient for transformation of intracellular membranes into a compartment for viral replication. However, there is increasing evidence that proteins encoded by the P3-region serve important roles in formation of the replication organelle. We have made the unexpected observation that the poliovirus (PV) protease and RNA-binding protein, 3CD, contributes to formation of the replication organelle and is needed for this organelle to efficiently transfer replicated genomes from the site of synthesis into capsids. The role of 3CD in formation of the replication organelle is concentration dependent and can be complemented in trans, suggesting an interaction of 3CD with a host factor. Recently, the Altan-Bonnet lab showed that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) increases in abundance during picornavirus infection and localizes to the replication organelle. How a lipid contributes to formation and/or function of the replication organelle remains to be elucidated. We have now shown that ectopic expression of 3CD is sufficient to alter the localization and increase the abundance of PI4P lipids in cells. In addition, our biochemical, biophysical and computational experiments support the conclusion that PV 3CD is a phosphoinositide-binding protein. We are currently pursuing the hypothesis that 3CD is recruited to virus-induced membranes containing PI4P and that the level of 3CD and 3CD-3CD interactions leads to formation of the replication organelle and the large vesicular clusters observed in cells infected by PV. We suggest these large vesicular clusters may be required for virus assembly.
Gel electrolyte candidates for electrochromic devices (ECDs)

A comparison of key parameters of seven different gel electrolytes for use in electrochromic devices (ECD) is reported. The ionic conductivity, transmittance, and stability of the gel electrolytes are important considerations for smart window applications. The gel electrolytes were prepared by combining polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with a salt and a solvent combination. Two different salts, lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) and trifluorosulfonimide (LiN(CF3SO2)2), and three solvent combinations, acetonitrile and propylene carbonate (ACN and PC), ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (EC and PC), and Gamma-butyrolactone and propylene carbonate (GBL and PC) were investigated. Results show that gel electrolytes composed of a LiClO4 and GBL+PC combination and a LiClO4 and EC+PC combination are the best candidates for a smart window device based on its high conductivity over time and various temperatures, as well as its electrochemical stability and high transmittance.
The effect of sialidase on transferrins and other serum proteins

Abstract Digestion of human serum by sialidase removed most if not all of the bound sialic acid. The migration of sialic acid-containing proteins in starch gel was markedly reduced by sialidase digestion. The different transferrin phenotypes were altered by the removal of sialic acid. Products were formed which migrated as multiple bands, each of which bound iron. Some of the bands as seen on starch gel electrophoresis were common to the various phenotypes. Ultracentrifuge studies on the sialidase-treated isolated transferrin showed only one peak, with the same mobility as the original transferrin. Human serum haptoglobins treated with sialidase travelled more slowly toward the anode but did not break down into subunits. Only one of the four major thyroxine-binding bands (thyroxine-binding globulin) showed reduced mobility after digestion with sialidase. The amount of iron, hemoglobin and thyroxine bound was not appreciably altered by removal of protein-bound sialic acid.
Experimental evaluation of solar thermosyphons with heat exchangers

Abstract The advantages of solar thermosyphons in terms of simplicity, reliability and cost have long been recognized. Recent studies have also shown their thermal performance to be comparable with that of equivalent active systems. When pump power is considered, the energy savings of domestic hot water thermosyphons can be significantly superior to active systems. In spite of these advantages, use of solar thermosyphons in the United States is almost negligible compared to their widespread use in other countries. A major limitation to the use of thermosyphons in the United States is lack of effective, reliable freeze protection. One technique for reliable, passive freeze protection is to use a heat exchanger in the storage tank and a nonfreezing fluid in the collector. Previous analytical work indicates that the performance penalty for these systems with practical-sized heat exchangers may be small enough to make these systems economically feasible. A full-scale, residential-size test facility has been constructed for testing this concept and validating the theoretical models. This paper describes results of testing comparing the performance of a horizontal tank with and without heat exchanger to a baseline case of a vertical tank without heat exchanger. An analytical expression for a “heat exchanger penalty factor” for these systems is derived and compared with the experimental results.
A conflict between nutritionally adequate diets and meeting the 2010 dietary guidelines for sodium.

Background Compliance with dietary guidelines means incorporating multiple foods and nutrients into everyday diets, to be consumed in smaller or larger amounts. Feasibility studies can help determine whether one nutrient guideline comes into conflict with another. For one half of the U.S. population, the 2010 dietary guidelines for sodium were set at 1500 mg/d. Purpose To test the compatibility of the 1500 mg/day sodium goal with nutrient-adequate diets. Methods Analyses, conducted in 2010, used U.S. federal nutrient composition and dietary intake databases to create modeled food patterns for six gender–age groups using linear programming techniques. The food patterns were designed to meet nutritional standards for 27 nutrients as the mean sodium content was progressively reduced from levels observed in the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) down to 1500 mg/day. Results For adults aged Conclusions Compliance with the 2010 sodium guidelines will require large deviations from current eating behaviors and/or a profound modification of the U.S. food supply.
Imaging of acute ischemic stroke.

This content discusses the individual components of multi-modal CT and multi-modal MRI, present the current status of neuroimaging for the evaluation of the acute ischemic stroke, and address the potential role of a combined multimodal stroke protocol.
Flax-retting by polygalacturonase-containing enzyme mixtures and effects on fiber properties.

Abstract Enzyme-retting of flax was accomplished via individual treatment with four polygalacturonase (PGase) containing solutions of various fungal sources and the resulting fibers were characterized. The retting solutions were equilibrated to contain 2.19 U of PGase activity as determined via a dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reducing sugar assay. As compared with the buffer control, treatment with the various enzyme solutions increased the yield of fine fibers. Treatment with Aspergillus niger PGase resulted in a 62% increase in fine fiber yield as compared with the buffer control and fiber strength did not statistically differ ( P ≤0.05) between these treatments. Retting via PGases of Rhizopus origin produced the weakest fibers. These results illustrate that the crude PGases differ in their ability to ret flax and that under the defined experimental conditions the A. niger PGase is a better retting agent. Light microscopy demonstrated the ability of all enzymes to separate fiber from shive and epidermal tissues. Enzyme profiles of the solutions were determined via viscometric assays. Pectinolytic activity was the predominant activity of all enzymes tested. Activity against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was a minor component of all solutions except A. niger PGase for which no activity was detected.
Drosophila innate immunity goes viral.

Insects are capable of fighting viral infection even though they do not have B and T cells. Genetic analysis of drosophila C virus infection provides a glimpse of this unexplored area of innate immunity.
UTERINE RESPONSE TO PITOCIN1

The effect of pituitrin on the pregnant uterus in the latter part of gestation is well known. In recent years the response of the uterus in its different physiologic phases to pituitrin and its oxytocic principle—pitocin has been studied experimentally and clinically. As a result of this more recent work, the reaction of the uterus in early pregnancy to posterior lobe extracts and especially to pitocin is now described as a means of diagnosing pregnancy and of differentiating the pregnant uterus from other abdominal or pelvic tumors. Since many of the experimental and clinical observations are not in entire agreement, it seemed worth while to undertake some studies of our own to test the merits of this method as a test for pregnancy in the human. In this paper we shall describe, for the most part, the response of the uterus in early pregnancy to the intravenous injection of pitocin and also reference will be made to the use of the method as a means of differential diagnosis.
Relation of coarctation of the aorta to the occurrence of ascending aortic dilation in children and young adults with bicuspid aortic valves.

Children with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have aortic dilation that is present and progressive from birth irrespective of the functional state of the valve. There are no published data comparing aortic dilation in children with BAV with and without aortic coarctation (CoA). The objectives of this study were to (1) compare differences in aortic dimensions and rates of dilation between children with isolated BAV with those of children with BAV and CoA and (2) identify risk factors for the development of aortic dilation. Patients with BAV with CoA (group A) and without CoA (group B) were identified from our echocardiographic database (1993 to 2006). Aortic measurements at 4 levels were obtained, and z scores were compared. Criteria for exclusion were severe aortic regurgitation/stenosis, previous aortic valvuloplasty, complex left-sided cardiac disease, ventricular septal defects, and Turner, Noonan, Williams, and Marfan syndromes. There were 600 echocardiograms in 247 patients. Group A had 192 echocardiograms in 53 patients (median age 11.3 years; range 0 to 30; median follow-up 7 years), and group B had 382 in 194 patients (median age 8.7 years; range 0 to 29; median follow-up 4 years). Group B had significantly greater ascending aorta dimensions (p
A TEST OF BIOGEOGRAPHICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECT ON MIDDLE AND LATE TRIASSIC BRACHIOPOD AND BIVALVE ABUNDANCE PATTERNS

Analysis of Middle Triassic data indicates that biogeography influences sample distributions, whereas depositional environment and stratigraphic position play secondary roles in governing sample patterns. During this time, taxa differed among biogeographic realms, while the general ecology remained the same: epifaunal benthos— pedunculate and epibyssate suspension feeders—dominate Middle Triassic samples much as they did in the Early Triassic. In contrast, Late Triassic data prove to be more complex in terms of ecology compared to Middle Triassic. Here, guild structure dictates the faunal patterns in addition to biogeographic realm and stratigraphic position, and an overall increase of infaunal life habits occurs—burrowing suspension and deposit feeders increase. Although diversity after mass extinction began to recover at the Early-Middle Triassic boundary, our results indicate that ecology remained stable through the Middle Triassic until the more modern life habits (e.g., infaunalization) increased in the Late Triassic. We conclude that the taxonomic and ecological differences among Late Triassic geographic regions recorded the initiation of a more mobile and infaunal life habit indicative of a modern lifestyle. Our results also indicate that this modernization did not necessarily unfold simultaneously and in coordinated fashion within regions and throughout time. Instead, details of guild expansion or stability may be region specific.
Short arm deletion of chromosome 18.

A case is described of a girl with developmental retardation and facial anoma-lies. A cytological abnormality was found consisting of a deletion of the short arm of one of the E chromosomes, which on the basis of morphologic and autoradiographic studies have been identified as a number 18 chromosome. Autopsy findings included aplasia of the corpus callosum of the brain, congenital deformities of the cranial bones and of the chest. The clinical and anatomical findings in 14 previously reported cases are dis-cussed.
Binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C to phospholipid interfaces, determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer.

Abstract Dissociation constants for binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus (bcPI-PLC) and the mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-δ1 to lipid interfaces containing phosphoinositol, phosphocholine, and phosphomethanol head groups were determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Dansyl-labeled lipid probes were used as acceptors, with intrinsic tryptophan of the enzyme as the donor. Titration of protein into lipid provided data from which Kd and N, the limiting number of lipid molecules per protein bound, were calculated by non-linear regression analysis of exact binding equations. These results were compared with apparent Km values from kinetic data. Kd values in the low μM range in terms of lipid monomers or low nM range in terms of binding sites were calculated with good fits of experimental data to theoretical binding curves. bcPI-PLC binds with high affinity to PI interfaces, slightly lower affinity to PC interfaces, and much lower affinity to PM interfaces. The mammalian enzyme also binds with high affinity to PI interfaces, but shows little or no binding with PC interfaces under similar concentration conditions. These Kd values correlate reasonably with apparent Km values from kinetic experiments.
Evolution of the Scotia Arc

In this article the evolution of the Andean–West Antarctic Cordillera, and its subsequent bending, disruption, and fragmentation in the Cenozoic to form the Scotia Arc, is documented by geological evidence.
The transformation of education: By design

Abstract Over the past two centuries, public education has gone through wave after wave of reform. Each succeeding wave was in response to changing social and technological conditions. We are now poised on the edge of another major reform effort. Whether this effort continues down the path of refining and fixing the existing educational system or results in genuine renewal depends on the perspectives we choose to guide the process. This chapter discusses needed perspectives and presents an organizational inquiry model that emphasizes systems design as the “missing” domain that can bring about the kind of human growth and development systems our society needs. A framework for exploring educational redesign options is presented.
Difference-Preference Testing with the Duo-Trio Test:

In a difference-preference test involving an uncharacterized flavor change, S's preference responses can provide useful information about a test material. This is especially important when S's difference discriminations are not clear cut.
Electron localization in anionic and cationic clusters

The ground state energetics and equilibrium geometries of neutral and positively and negatively charged clusters of Li3, Li2H, Li2Na, Li2Mg, and Na2Li have been obtained from a self-consistent field-linear combination of atomic orbitals-molecular orbital calculations within the Hartree–Fock approximation. The correlation energies are included perturbatively using the Moller–Plesset scheme up to the fourth order. The geometries of all negatively charged clusters are found to be linear with bond lengths that are, in general, larger than their neutral or cationic counterparts. The adiabatic electron affinities and ionization potentials are calculated and compared with earlier theoretical results. The addition of an electron to the neutral cluster is found to stabilize the cluster further against dissociation. The spatial distribution of the electrons in these clusters is studied to determine the extent to which electrons added or taken out are localized in the clusters. Mulliken population analysis is also used to elaborate the charge state of the anionic and cationic clusters.
Multilevel Modeling of Two Cyclical Processes: Extending Differential Structural Equation Modeling to Nonlinear Coupled Systems.

The authors present a dynamical multilevel model that captures changes over time in the bidirectional, potentially asymmetric influence of 2 cyclical processes. S. M. Boker and J. Graham's (1998) differential structural equation modeling approach was expanded to the case of a nonlinear coupled oscillator that is common in bimanual coordination studies in which participants swing hand-held pendulums but is also applicable to social systems in general. The authors' nonlinear coupled oscillator model decomposed the fluctuations into a competitive component, unique to each individual variable, and a cooperative component that captured bidirectional influence. The authors' model also generated an index of the symmetry/asymmetry of bidirectional influence. Together, the models are useful quantitative tools for the study of interacting, changing processes.
Alternative method for the evaluation of the abrasive water-jet cutting of grey cast iron

Abstract A method has been developed and used for estimating the erosion debris size, D, and the contact number, CN, for material erosion by abrasive water jets with velocities of up to 370 m/s. Based on abrasive water-jet cutting tests on grey cast iron samples, and on measurements of the particle sizes of the removed material debris, the contact number is calculated as the ratio of the number of removed material particles to the number of impacting abrasive particles, the contact numbers ranging between CN = 3 and CN = 11. It is found that the contact number increases linearly with the abrasive particle velocity in the medium velocity range, but for very low and very high abrasive velocities the contact number is less influenced by the abrasive velocity. A model is developed for approximating the contact numbers for various cutting conditions. Estimated high contact numbers suggest that a complex impact erosion process may occur which is associated with the formation of a microcrack network by solid particle impact and the widening of the cracks by a high-speed water flow entering the crack.
Effect of Fluorine Substitution on the Energies of Small Ring Compounds

The effect of fluorine substitution on the energies of small ring compounds has been examined via ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-31G*, MP2/6-311+G*, and B3LYP/6-311+G* theoretical levels, alon...
Human resource systems and competitive advantage: an ethical climate perspective

Drawing on the theoretical insights from the resource-based view of the firm, this paper explores how human resource (HR) systems may contribute to competitive advantage by facilitating the development and maintenance of five types of ethical climates, and conversely, how HR systems may hinder competitive advantage by inhibiting the development and maintenance of these climate types. In so doing, this paper contributes to the literature by highlighting the resource worthiness of a firm's ethical climates and showing how HR systems may influence that value. In addition, it advances theory that underpins the concept of competitive advantage sustainability and provides a platform for future empirical research.
Cross-conjugation as a Motif for Organic Non-Linear Optical Molecules

We studied the effect of a cross-conjugated bridging group (χC) on charge-transfer in a push-pull chromophore system. The hyperpolarizability of such molecules was found to be comparable to that of a fully π-conjugated molecule (πC) with the same donor and acceptor. The cross-conjugated moiety was then applied as a pendant to a fully π-conjugated chromophore containing a tricyanopyrroline acceptor (TCP). The addition of a χC moiety did not alter the intrinsic hyperpolarizability and provides an avenue for extending and aiding πC systems. The molecules were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), hyper-Raleigh scattering (HRS) and UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Experimental results were compared with the predictions of density functional theory (DFT). Cross-conjugated molecules have comparable s values, relative to πC molecules, due to reduced spatial overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Thus, the χC architecture could facilitate independent modification of donor and acceptor strengths while minimizing unfavorable effects on electronic transitions and dipole moments.
Primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia

We present a fatal case of primary Vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with chronic alcoholic liver disease. The patient had recently consumed raw seafood. The epidemiology and clinical presentation of Vibrio vulnificus infection is discussed. Preventive, early empiric therapy, and aggressive search for this organism in patients at risk is stressed.
The Use of Contact Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Aqueous Medium for Structural Analysis of Spinach Photosynthetic Complexes

To investigate the dynamics of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes in vascular plants at high resolution in an aqueous environment, membrane-protruding oxygen-evolving complexes (OECs) associated with photosystem II (PSII) on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) grana membranes were examined using contact mode atomic force microscopy. This study represents, to our knowledge, the first use of atomic force microscopy to distinguish the putative large extrinsic loop of Photosystem II CP47 reaction center protein (CP47) from the putative oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins 1, 2, and 3 (PsbO, PsbP, and PsbQ) and large extrinsic loop of Photosystem II CP43 reaction center protein (CP43) in the PSII-OEC extrinsic domains of grana membranes under conditions resulting in the disordered arrangement of PSII-OEC particles. Moreover, we observed uncharacterized membrane particles that, based on their physical characteristics and electrophoretic analysis of the polypeptides associated with the grana samples, are hypothesized to be a domain of photosystem I that protrudes from the stromal face of single thylakoid bilayers. Our results are interpreted in the context of the results of others that were obtained using cryo-electron microscopy (and single particle analysis), negative staining and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, as well as previous atomic force microscopy studies.
Sparse reconstruction for direction-of-arrival estimation using multi-frequency co-prime arrays

In this paper, multi-frequency co-prime arrays are employed to perform direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with enhanced degrees of freedom (DOFs). Operation at multiple frequencies creates additional virtual elements in the difference co-array of the co-prime array corresponding to the reference frequency. Sparse reconstruction is then used to fully exploit the enhanced DOFs offered by the multi-frequency co-array, thereby increasing the number of resolvable sources. For the case where the sources have proportional spectra, the received signal vectors at the different frequencies are combined to form an equivalent single measurement vector model corresponding to the multi-frequency co-array. When the sources have nonproportional spectra, a group sparsity-based reconstruction approach is used to determine the direction of signal arrivals. Performance evaluation of the proposed multi-frequency approach is performed using numerical simulations for both cases of proportional and nonproportional source spectra.
Orofacial Pain Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment Study – The OPPERA Study

This Journal of Pain Compendium presents the initial outcomes from the first large population-based study designed to identify the biopsychosocial and genetic risk factors that contribute to the onset and persistence of painful temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) – The OPPERA Study. This study is supported by NIDCR Cooperative Agreement U01 {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"DE017018","term_id":"62259868","term_text":"DE017018"}}DE017018 that was initiated September 22, 2005.
Endothelial Cell Pathway for Conduction of Hyperpolarization and Vasodilation Along Hamster Feed Artery

Acetylcholine (ACh) evokes the conduction of vasodilation along resistance microvessels. However, it is not known which cell layer (endothelium or smooth muscle) serves as the conduction pathway. In isolated, cannulated feed arteries ( approximately 70 microm in diameter at 75 mm Hg; length approximately 4 mm) of the hamster retractor muscle, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial cells provide the pathway for conduction. Microiontophoresis of ACh (500 ms, 500 nA) onto the distal end of a feed artery evoked hyperpolarization (-13+/-2 mV) of both cell layers with vasodilation (15+/-1 microm) along the entire vessel. To selectively damage endothelial cells (confirmed by loss of vasodilation to ACh and labeling of disrupted cells with propidium iodide), an air bubble was perfused through a portion of the vessel lumen, or a 70-kDa fluorescein-conjugated dextran (FCD) was illuminated within a segment (300 microm) of the lumen. After endothelial cell damage, hyperpolarization and vasodilation conducted up to, but not through, the treated segment. To selectively damage smooth muscle cells (confirmed by loss of vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and labeling with propidium iodide), FCD was perifused around the vessel and illuminated. Vasodilation and hyperpolarization conducted past the disrupted smooth muscle cells without attenuation. We conclude that endothelial cells provide the pathway for conducting hyperpolarization and vasodilation along feed arteries in response to ACh.