cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discriminating between Correlations of Experimental Viscosity Data for Perfluorobutane Using Molecular Simulation

As part of a long-term project aimed at examining the rheology of fluorinated compounds of industrial importance, we have in an initial study been examining the ability of different potential models to predict the viscosity of perfluoroalkanes. Here we present a comparison of the viscosity of perfluorobutane predicted by molecular dynamics simulations using two different potential models with two experimentally based correlations, one of which is used in the DIPPR database. We find that the simulation data enables us to discriminate between two sets of published correlations for the viscosity of perfluorobutane.
Validating the Traumatic Brain Injury-4 Screening Measure for Veterans Seeking Mental Health Treatment With Psychiatric Inpatient and Outpatient Service Utilization Data

Abstract Objective To determine whether a positive screen on the Traumatic Brain Injury-4 (TBI-4) can be used to identify veterans who use more inpatient and outpatient mental health services. Design Validation cohort. Setting Medical center. Participants Individuals seeking Veterans Health Administration mental health services (N=1493). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures One year of inpatient and outpatient mental health utilization data after the TBI-4 screen date. Results In the year postmental health intake, those who answered positively to any of the 4 TBI-4 screening questions (criterion 1) or question 2 (criterion 2; ever having been knocked out) had significantly more psychiatric hospitalizations than those who met neither criterion. Those who were positive by criterion 2 also had significantly fewer outpatient mental health contacts. Conclusions Veterans screening positive for history of traumatic brain injury on the TBI-4 had more hospital stays in the year postmental health intake. Those who reported having been knocked out also had fewer outpatient mental health visits. These findings may suggest an overall relation in this population between greater needs for mental health care and likelihood of prior injury. For those with a history of loss of consciousness, the reduced use of outpatient care may reflect greater problems engaging in treatment or with preventive aspects of the health care system during non-crisis periods. Using a screener (eg, the TBI-4) could facilitate identification of veterans who might benefit from targeted and intensive outpatient interventions to avoid frequent inpatient psychiatric hospitalization.
Ablation Study in the Capillary Discharge for Electrothermal Guns

Summary form only given. Electrothermal-chemical (ETC) accelerators are designed to introduce electrical energy into the chamber of a conventional chemical gun system. An ETC system has the potential to improve the performance of conventional guns by enhancing the ignition and combustion characteristics of propellants. An ETC system has two components, namely a plasma source and a chemical propellant system. In this system the propellant is usually ignited with plasma introduced by a jet from a capillary discharge. The plasma-propellant interactions are dependent on the plasma properties that are determined by the plasma source. Therefore accurate prediction of plasma properties from the capillary discharge is important for understanding plasma-propellant interactions. The main physical processes occurs in the capillary in a similar way to an ablation controlled discharge. Rapid heating of a thin dielectric surface layer leads to ablation of the material of the wall. Different characteristic sub-regions near the ablated surface namely space-charge sheath, Knudsen layer, presheath and a hydrodynamic layer are considered. The ablation rate is determined by the parameters at the edge of the Knudsen layer. The kinetic approaches namely bi-modal distribution function and direct simulation Monte-Carlo are used to determine the parameters at the interface between the kinetic Knudsen layer and the hydrodynamic layer. Coupling solution of the non-equilibrium, Knudsen layer, with hydrodynamic layer and presheath provides self-consistent solution for the ablation rate. An example of discharge in the polyethylene capillary for plasma-propellant interaction is considered. It was predicted that typically during the 300 mus discharge the ablated mass is about 22 mg, while carbon electrode erosion mass is about 3 mg. The pressure peaks at about 10 MPa and electron temperature peak is about 1.4 eV
Elimination of interference due to urea in the determination of meprobamate with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

Abstract Urea interferes with the colorimetric method for the determination of serum meprobamate with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. By incubating 1.0 ml of serum at 50° for 15 min with one drop of urease prior to extraction of the drug, this interference can be eliminated, urease does not affect the drug, as it is being extracted, either from water or serum.
Evaluation of Fresh Vacuum-Packaged Beef Steaks Coated with an Acetylated Monoglyceride

Fresh beef loin steaks were coated with 3% (w/w) acetylated monoglyceride (DFG), vacuum-packaged and held at 2 ± 2°C for weekly evaluation during a 49-day storage period. When compared to control steaks, DFG had little effect on lean color, surface discoloration, overall appearance, moisture, pH, and sensory characteristics. DFG maintained an acceptable fat color longer and tended to reduce purge and microbial counts (aerobic, APT, and coliform) during storage. After 49 days, Lactobacillus cellobiosis was the dominant microorganism on treated and control steaks. The uncharacteristic aroma, oily coating and cost of application might outweigh the benefits derived from the use of DFG as an edible coating on steaks.
Do engineered natriuretic peptides have greater therapeutic potential than do native peptides

This editorial refers to ‘A novel chimeric natriuretic peptide reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the NHE-1–calcineurin pathway’ by A. Kilic et al. , doi:10.1093/cvr/cvq254. As is well known, intravenously infused nesiritide [a recombinant form of brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)] antagonizes renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and induces natriuresis, diuresis, and venous and arterial dilation. When administered to patients with acutely decompensated heart failure, a rapid reduction of pulmonary capillary pressure and consequent relief of dyspnoea often results. However, BNP-induced dilation of resistance (arterioles) and capacitance (veins) vessels taken together with the diuresis-associated reduction of blood (plasma) volume causes clinically significant systemic hypotension in some patients. Unfortunately, this hypotension can be associated with decreased renal perfusion and worsening of renal function, and the latter has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in some clinical trials.1 The hypotension and consequent complications can be attenuated by reducing the dose of nesiritide being administered.1 Recently, Burnett and colleagues speculated that they might be able to improve the therapeutic properties of natriuretic peptides by modifying their structures. Their goal was to generate a natriuretic peptide that retained the biological activities of BNP sans the capacity to dilate resistance vessels. Their first engineered chimeric natriuretic peptide (CD-NP) comprised the 15-amino acid C-terminus of the Dendroaspis peptide (a snake-derived natriuretic peptide) and the peptide ring component of the cardiac-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). CNP lacks renal actions but retains veno-dilator capacity and has only modest dilatory effects … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 612 626 2001; fax: +1 612 626 2004, Email: fromx001{at}umn.edu
Ferroelectric Thin Film Microcavities and their Optical Resonant Properties

Two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) microcavity structures were fabricated using epitaxial ferroelectric thin film as the optical media and their resonant optical properties were measured. The PhC structures are utilized in order to achieve strong light localization to enhance the interaction between the incident light and the nonlinear optical barium titanate (BTO). Fluorescence measurements were used to assess the resonant properties. Two types of resonant structures were investigated consisting of either dopant or vacancy PhC arrays. The nano patterning on BTO thin films was achieved using dual beam focused ion beam (FIB). For the dopant type PhC microcavity structure, a larger air hole is generated in every 5 x 5 unit cells forming a super cell. The spatial profiles of PhC microcavity structures are characterized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Structures with a feature size approaching the optical diffraction limit are clearly resolved. Fluorescence measurements on PhCs coated with a fluorescent dye were carried out to determine the relationship between the degree of light localization and the photonic band structure. Enhanced fluorescence at wavelengths 550-600 nm is observed in the dye covered PhCs with lattice period a =200 nm and a =400 nm. The large fluorescence enhancement results from the presence of PhC stop bands that increase the emission extraction efficiency due to the strong light confinement. Since the only allowed propagation direction for the scattered fluorescence light is out-of-plane, this enhances the vertically fluorescent extraction efficiency. These BTO optical microcavity structures can potentially serve as active nano-photonic components in bio-sensors and integrated photonic circuits.
Scutellaria baicalensis extract decreases cisplatin-induced pica in rats.

Purpose Nausea/vomiting are significant side effects associated with the use of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Treatment of nausea/vomiting caused by cisplatin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent and one of the most emetogenic stimuli, requires a combination of different antiemetic drugs. In this study, we investigated the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis, an antioxidant herbal medicine, on cisplatin-induced nausea using a rat model.
Hellmann-Feynman theorem and the definition of forces in quantum time-dependent and transport problems

The conventional Hellmann-Feynman theorem for the definition of forces on nuclei is not directly applicable to quantum time-dependent and transport problems. We present a rigorous derivation of a general Hellmann-Feynman-like theorem that applies to all quantum mechanical systems and reduces to well-known results for ground-state problems. It provides a rigorous definition of forces in time-dependent and transport problems. Explicit forms of Pulay-like forces are derived and the conditions for them to be zero are identified. A practical scheme for ab initio calculations of current-induced forces is described and the study of the transfer of a Si atom between two electrodes is presented as an example.
The evaluation of rectal bleeding in adults. A cost-effectiveness analysis comparing four diagnostic strategies.

BACKGROUND: Though primary care patients commonly present with rectal bleeding, the optimal evaluation strategy remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-effectiveness of four diagnostic strategies in the evaluation of rectal bleeding. DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov decision model. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review of the literature, Medicare reimbursement data, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Cancer Registry. TARGET POPULATION: Patients over age 40 with otherwise asymptomatic rectal bleeding. TIME HORIZON: The patient’s lifetime. PERSPECTIVE: Modified societal perspective. INTERVENTIONS: Watchful waiting, flexible sigmoidoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy followed by air contrast barium enema (FS+ACBE), and colonoscopy. OUTCOME MEASURES: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS OF BASE-CASE ANALYSIS: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for colonscopy compared with flexible sigmoidoscopy was $5,480 per quality-adjusted year of life saved (QALY). Watchful waiting and FS+ACBE were more expensive and less effective than colonscopy. RESULTS OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSES: The cost of colonoscopy was reduced to $1,686 per QALY when age at entry was changed to 45. Watchful waiting became the least expensive strategy when community procedure charges replaced Medicare costs, when age at entry was maximized to 80, or when the prevalence of polyps was lowered to 7%, but the remaining strategies provided greater life expectancy at relatively low cost. The strategy of FS+ACBE remained more expensive and less effective in all analyses. In the remaining sensitivity analyses, the incremental cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy compared with flexible sigmoidoscopy never rose above $34,000. CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopy is a cost-effective method to evaluate otherwise asymptomatic rectal bleeding, with a low cost per QALY compared to other strategies.
Solving resource-constrained project scheduling problems by A* search

A new exact method is presented for finding a minimum makespan schedule for a multiresource constrained project scheduling problem. This method employs the philosophical approach used earlier to develop a successful heuristic algorithm for the same class of problems. The approach repairs resource conflicts rather than constructing detailed schedules by dispatching activities. Resource-violating sets of activities are identified whose concurrent execution would violate resource constraints. Repairs are made by imposing a precedence constraint to sequence two activities in such a resource-violating set. Computational results are discussed for a standard set of test problems. An A* algorithm is employed. The most successful version of our algorithm involves some perhaps surprising design choices which might be relevant to the design of A*-like search algorithms in other contexts.
Nutrition support in the pediatric surgical patient

This article deals with the nutritional needs of pediatric patients. It begins by discussing the caloric requirements of different pediatric patients and moves on to a breakdown of the specific nutrients required. It then progresses to a detailed description of the enteral and parenteral modalities for delivery of nutrition to pediatric patients. The article concludes with a discussion of specific problems and disorders encountered in pediatric surgical patients.
Direct photonic–plasmonic coupling and routing in single nanowires

Metallic nanoscale structures are capable of supporting surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), propagating collective electron oscillations with tight spatial confinement at the metal surface. SPPs represent one of the most promising structures to beat the diffraction limit imposed by conventional dielectric optics. Ag nano wires have drawn increasing research attention due to 2D sub-100 nm mode confinement and lower losses as compared with fabricated metal structures. However, rational and versatile integration of Ag nanowires with other active and passive optical components, as well as Ag nanowire based optical routing networks, has yet to be achieved. Here, we demonstrate that SPPs can be excited simply by contacting a silver nanowire with a SnO2 nanoribbon that serves both as an unpolarized light source and a dielectric waveguide. The efficient coupling makes it possible to measure the propagation-distance-dependent waveguide spectra and frequency-dependent propagation length on a single Ag nanowire. Furthermore, we have demonstrated prototypical photonic-plasmonic routing devices, which are essential for incorporating low-loss Ag nanowire waveguides as practical components into high-capacity photonic circuits.
2.5-MHz 2D array with z-axis backing

The design, fabrication and initial characterization of a prototype fully lambda/2 sampled, 2.5 MHz, 50 by 50 element 2D array for cardiac medical imaging applications is presented. The array utilizes a novel Z-axis electrically conductive backing layer to provide both appropriate acoustic attenuation, and an anisotropic electrical interconnect for the individual acoustic elements in the 2D array. A modular, demountable pad grid array (PGA) interconnect is used to connect the backing. The PGA is capable of terminating the full 2500 element array at a spatial pitch of 300 microns. Measurements are presented on the electrical impedance, directivity and cross talk of the 2D array module, as well as the pulse echo properties of the 2D array elements excited through the pad grid array interconnect system. The single element directivity is measured to be 35 degrees, while the nearest neighbor electrical cross talk is measured at minus 42 dB. The pulse echo waveform has a fractional bandwidth of 50%.
The Press as a Site of Political Conquest: Latvia, 1986–1991

During the first years of glasnost, Latvian critics of the Soviet system struggled to get their voices heard in the mainstream media. It was not until 1988 that journalists challenged the political establishment and Latvia's place under the regime in more than sporadic and isolated instances. This study argues that changes in the press came as a result of leadership by local elites more than by the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev or the efforts of reporters. It views the press as an object of conquest for political forces at the republic level. Press content followed the tides of this struggle for control (of the press and otherwise). Journalists became important participants in Latvia's struggle for independence from the USSR, but local politics determined their ability to do so and their work remained at the center of a battle for dominance during a time of significant political transformation.
Colloid osmotic pressure of steer crystallins : implications for the origin of the refractive index gradient and transparency of the lens

The osmotic behavior of soluble cortical and nuclear steer lens crystallins was characterized by secondary osmometry for several ionic strength and pH conditions. Osmotic pressure versus protein concentration relationships were measured for pressures up to 1.15 × 106 dyn cm−2. At low concentrations ( m ionic strength, the observed protein concentrations were 0.43 g ml−1 for the cortical proteins and 0.52 g ml−1 for the nuclear proteins. For both cortical and nuclear steer crystallins, the pressure rose more steeply with concentration than do pressures for calf crystallins described in the literature. The impact of these developmental differences in osmotic pressure on lens transparency is discussed. Both the nuclear and cortical crystallins exhibited ionic strength-dependent shifts in their pressure-concentration behavior. At 0.02 m ionic strength, higher pressures were observed, whereas at 0.4 m ionic strength lower pressures were observed for a given protein concentration. The crystallins were also found to equilibrate to different protein concentrations at a constant osmotic pressure and 0.1 m ionic strength over a pH range of 4–9, with a maximum concentration around pH 5 for the cortical crystallins and pH 6 for the nuclear crystallins. Thus, the adult bovine cortical and nuclear soluble lens extracts are different in their osmotic properties, reflecting underlying differences in protein composition. The results of the ionic strength and pH experiments suggest that hard-sphere, electrostatic, and Donnan forces contribute to the total colloid osmotic pressure of the lens crystallins. However, near physiologic pH and ionic strength the charges of the proteins are screened to the extent that the colloid osmotic pressure exhibits only minor changes for large changes in ionic conditions. The differences in the osmotic behavior of the cortical and nuclear proteins are consistent with a model where regional variations in the colloid osmotic properties of the proteins across the lens help support the radial refractive index gradient that is present in vertebrate lenses. The importance of a radial concentration gradient of metabolites is also discussed.
The recirculating flow due to a moving lid on a cavity containing a Darcy–Brinkman medium

Abstract The lid-driven rectangular cavity containing a porous Darcy–Brinkman medium is studied. The governing equation is solved by an eigenfunction method which is much simpler than using biorthogonal series. It is found that the porous medium effect decreases both the strength and the number of recirculating eddies, especially for deep cavities.
Collisions of Alpha-Particles with Neon and Deuterium Nuclei

The tracks of about 600,000 Th C and C' alpha-particle tracks were photographed in a Wilson cloud chamber filled with a mixture of neon and deuterium. An analysis of the elastic collisions with neon atoms gave points on a range-velocity diagram which fitted Eaton's curve fairly well except at the lower end. Reasons are given for thinking that this curve should be lowered slightly in the region of small velocities. A range-velocity curve is obtained from the collisions with deuterons. On the very reasonable assumption that, for a given velocity, the ranges of two isotopes are proportional to their masses, this curve indicates that Mano's calculations for protons are correct even for small velocities. It is shown that these collisions are elastic even when a high energy alpha-particle imparts considerable energy to a deuteron. No sign of inelastic collisions with either deuterons or neon atoms was obtained, although some were expected for the latter. The possible reasons for their nonappearance are discussed.
Luminescence characteristics of InAlPInGaP heterostructures having native-oxide windows

Abstract Data are presented on the luminescence characteristics of InGaP InAlP heterostructures with oxidized InAlP cladding layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The structures are grown on GaAs substrates and consist of either a 20 nm thick In 0.5 Ga 0.5 P quantum well or a 0.75 μm InGaP layer sandwiched between two InAlP bulk barriers or between two 10-period In 0.5 Al 0.5 P In x Ga 1−x P strain-modulated superlattice heterobarriers, where x varies from 0.5 to 0.45 and the period of the superlattice is ∼ 3 nm. The top InAlP cladding layer of the InAlP InGaP heterostructures is oxidized for 2–5.5 h at ∼ 500°C in an ambient of H 2 O vapor saturated in a N 2 carrier gas. Photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence studies at room temperature show that, as a result of the oxidation of a portion of the top InAlP cladding layer, the photoluminescence emission intensity and lifetime from the InGaP QWs increase significantly.
Top‐down control of phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the monsoonal Arabian Sea

During the 1995 monsoons, phytoplankton biomass was low over large areas of the Arabian Sea in spite of often high concentrations of inorganic nutrients, characteristics typical of high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) areas. The objective of this study, a part of the Arabian Sea U.S. JGOFS program, was to elucidate controls of phytoplankton biomass and community structure in these areas, using primarily pigment-based methods. Unlike other HNLC areas, phytoplankton biomass and growth rates in the monsoonal Arabian Sea were not likely limited by the availability of trace nutrients but rather controlled by grazers. Evidence for this conclusion is high concentrations of iron, the nutrient likely limiting phytoplankton biomass in other HNLC areas; phytoplankton growth rates clearly not limited by concentrations of inorganic nutrients; blooms during grow-out experiments in the absence of mesozooplankton; rates of microzooplankton and mesozooplankton grazing that approached rates of primary production; and the absence of blooms in situ in spite of persistently high concentrations of inorganic nutrients. A more detailed look at shifts of phytoplankton community structure with increasing levels of phytoplankton biomass, in situ and during grow-out experiments, shows that diatoms were the only group of organisms capable of blooming in the absence of mesozooplankton, i.e., their abundance in situ was likely controlled by mesozooplankton grazing. Changes in the abundance of different picoautotroph taxa with increasing levels of phytoplankton biomass suggest that their biomass was controlled within tight bounds by microzooplankton grazing, rather than by the availability of resources. Thus, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that phytoplankton abundance and community structure in the HNLC areas of the monsoonal Arabian Sea are controlled by top-down forces, grazing, rather than bottom-up forces, availability of resources.
Earthquakes on Dipping Faults: The Effects of Broken Symmetry

Dynamic simulations of earthquakes on dipping faults show asymmetric near-source ground motion caused by the asymmetric geometry of such faults. The ground motion from a thrust or reverse fault is larger than that of a normal fault by a factor of 2 or more, given identical initial stress magnitudes. The motion of the hanging wall is larger than that of the footwall in both thrust (reverse) and normal earthquakes. The asymmetry between normal and thrust (reverse) faults results from time-dependent normal stress caused by the interaction of the earthquake-generated stress field with Earth's free surface. The asymmetry between hanging wall and footwall results from the asymmetric mass and geometry on the two sides of the fault.
Motor skills development in children with inattentive versus combined subtypes of ADHD.

The relations between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and motor skills are well documented, with research indicating both early and lifelong motor deficits in children with this disorder. Despite neuroanatomical and neurodevelopmental differences, which may predict differential rates of motor impairment between ADHD subtypes, evaluation of motor skill deficits in children with different presentations are limited in scope and equivocal in findings. The present investigation evaluated early motor development history and objectively measured motor skills in children with ADHD-Inattentive subtype (ADHD-I) and ADHD-Combined subtype (ADHD-C). One hundred and one children with ADHD-I (n = 53) and ADHD-C (n = 48) were included. Variables included Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), history of motor delays, and utilization of early intervention services, as well as objectively measured motor impairment as assessed via tasks of fine-motor coordination. No between-group differences were found for FSIQ, but differe...
An exploration of life skill development through sport in three international high schools

The positive relationship between adolescents’ sport participation and life skill development is widely acknowledged by various researchers. However, minimal research has explored the role of life skill development through school-based sport participation, specifically within international settings. In light of this consideration, this study examined the life skills developed through sport participation at three international high schools. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with high school student-athletes (n = 29). Participants’ responses were analysed using a constructivist approach. Results indicated that: (1) participants used sport as a means of social, emotional, and academic self-improvement, and (2) sport helped participants develop an ability to work with others. Most participants identified how they used life skills within the sport environment and the deliberate strategies they used to transfer them to other domains, while few participants indicated that their coa...
Resetting a current integrator with the supply lines

Abstract A current integrator can be reset by reversing the supply lines to the opamp. A sample circuit, designed for clinical radiation dosimetry, is discussed.
Efficacy of 24-hour shifts: prepared or impaired? A prospective study

BACKGROUND: The effect of duty duration on performances is unknown. In a prospective cohort study model using repeated measures, we evaluated the effect of shift length on a battery of neuropsychologic performance indicators using our flight program as the test site. METHODS: Flight nurses completing 24- and 12-hour shifts were tested on memory, attention, reasoning, motor, and speed measures. Ratings of stress, fatigue, sleep quality, and logged amount of work and sleep were evaluated from personal journals kept for this purpose. Data were analyzed by linear regression and repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Clinical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Fifteen subjects completed the testing and evaluation process. Neuropsychologic testing demonstrated that performance was not predicted by shift length, time of shift (day versus night), amount or quality of sleep before or during shift, or fatigue ratings. Age, gender, and education did not mediate shift length/test performance relationships. Uninterrupted sleep, stress ratings, and number of flights per shift modestly reduced some test scores. Predictably, repeated testings resulted in practice effects that reduced analysis power. We found that 24-hour shifts per se do not result in a cognitive decline compared with 12-hour shifts. Inconsistent sleep, number of flights, and the stressfulness of flights may have greater impact. Language: en
The role of SV40 gene A in the alteration of microfilaments in transformed cells

Abstract In cultured animal cells, alterations in the number and distribution of microfilaments are associated with viral transformation. To determine if the expression of early Simian virus 40 (SV40) gene A product affects microfilament distribution, established rodent cell lines transformed by SV40 tsA mutants which are temperature-sensitive (ts) for the maintenance of the transformed state were examined. Normal hamster and mouse cells grown at either the permissive or the non-permissive temperature contained abundant 50–70 A microfilaments along the bottom of the cell and as bundles running along the longitudinal axis beneath the plasma membrane in areas of cell-to-cell contact. In contrast, rodent cells transformed by wild-type (WT) SV40 and grown at either temperature contained fewer microfilaments. Hamster and mouse cells transformed by tsA mutants and grown under permissive conditions exhibited the transformed phenotype similar to that of WT-transformed cells; ultrastructurally, there were few microfilaments. However, under non-permissive conditions of growth, both rodent cell lines transformed by tsA mutants assumed a more normal phenotype with polymerized microfilaments distributed along the bottom of the cells and below the plasma membrane. In Simian cells, bundles of microfilaments were found not only in normal cells, but also in WT- and tsA-transformed cell lines which fail to exhibit classical properties of transformation. These results indicate an association between the expression of a virus-specified function important to the maintenance of the transformed phenotype and the appearance of altered microfilament patterns.
Making use of professional development: Employee interests and motivational goal orientations

Abstract Vocational interests and goal orientation (GO) are examined for their potential influences on employees' decisions to engage in professional development and to apply the knowledge and skills gained from development activities in their jobs. Specifically, professional development, in the form of continuing professional education (CE), was examined for a variety of practicing healthcare professionals ( N = 183), including physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals in the Midwest United States. Aspects of vocational interest theory (interests and congruence) and GO theory predicted CE outcomes (voluntary participation in CE beyond professional requirements and the application of CE learning at work). Further, employee GO mediated between interests and the application of CE learning at work, providing evidence of a work-specific motivational process linking interests with performance-related behavioral outcomes.
Predictive Models For Time To Acceptance: An Example Using “Hurricane” Articles in AMS Journals

The authors demonstrate a statistical model for the time it takes a manuscript to be accepted for publication. The manuscript received and accepted dates from published manuscripts with the term “hurricane” in the title are obtained from the American Meteorological Society's online publication search feature. The time to acceptance as the difference in days between these two dates is modeled using a Bayesian approach. Assuming an article picked at random gets published, draws from the posterior distribution of the modeled time-to-acceptance parameter indicate about a 12% chance that it will spend more than 210 days (7 months) in review. The model can be adapted to fit similar data obtained using other search criteria.
Catalysis of the isomerization of Δ5-3-ketosteroids to Δ4-3-ketosteroids by primary amines: Evidence for an imine intermediate☆

Abstract The isomerization of 5-androstene-3,17-dione and 17β-hydroxy-5-androstene-3-one to 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 17β-hydroxy-4-androstene-3-one, respectively, is catalyzed by primary amines. In the case of the isomerization catalyzed by glycylglycine the reaction proceeds through an intermediate which absorbs maximally at 275 nm. Based on spectral similarities to appropriate model compounds and structural analysis of the intermediate after its reduction by sodium borohydride, the intermediate has been tentatively identified as the Δ 4 -3-imine.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGICAL COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS

This paper explores some basic representational and implementation issues arising from the premise that cortical circuits operate on probability density functions to reason about analog quantities. Some insight is provided into why neurobiological systems can appear messy, while at the same time provide a rich and robust computational environment.
Computer-aided design of framed dome structures with interactive graphics

Abstract A system for the automatic generation and display of framed domes is presented. The designer can interactively modify the structural topology, as well as specify member properties, support conditions and loadings, while simultaneously viewing the dome structure from any view-point in 3-dimensional space. Analysis capabilities provide rapid feedback of the structural implications of the design.
Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) gonadotropin β subunit mRNAs to support endocrine disruptor research

Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are one of the most widely-used small fish models for regulatory ecotoxicology testing and research related to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this study, we isolated and sequenced cDNAs for fathead minnow follicle-stimulating hormone-like and luteinizing hormone-like β (FSHβ and LHβ) and glycoprotein α (GPα) subunits. Quantitative real-time PCR assays for measuring gonadotropin (GtH) β subunit transcripts were developed and used to examine “baseline” transcript levels over a range of age classes and reproductive states encompassed in EDC testing. In females, FSHβ and LHβ transcripts were greater in 4-5 month old than in younger fish and were significantly correlated with one another across all age classes examined. In males, FSHβ transcripts were greatest in 2-3 month old fish and were inversely correlated with various measures of testis development including, gonadal-somatic index (GSI), and histological stage. Overall, the pattern of GtHβ expression over age classes associated with gonad development was similar to that reported for other asynchronous-spawning fish. Despite significant changes in female GSI, gonad stage, and plasma vitellogenin within 24 h of spawning, GtHβ transcript levels in fish that had spawned within the preceding 24 h were not significantly different from those in fish that weremore » 2-3 days post-spawn and expected to spawn within the next 24 h based on spawning history. Results of this study provide insights related to the role of GtHs in fathead minnow reproductive development and function. Additionally they provide useful “baseline” data needed to design and interpret effective experiments for studying direct and indirect effects of EDCs on GtH subunit mRNA expression, which will facilitate a greater understanding of integrated system-wide responses of the fathead minnow brain-pituitary-gonadal axis to stressors including EDCs.« less
A Strong Atlantic Meridional Mode Event in 2009: The Role of Mixed Layer Dynamics*

In the first half of 2009, anomalous cooling of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial North Atlantic (ENA; 28‐128N) triggered a strong Atlantic meridional mode event. During its peak in April‐May, SSTs in the ENA were 18C colder than normal and SSTs in the equatorial South Atlantic (58S‐08) were 0.58C warmer than normal. Associated with the SST gradient were anomalous northerly winds, an anomalous southwardshiftoftheintertropicalconvergencezone,andseverefloodingin NortheastBrazil.Thisstudyuses in situ and satellite observations to examine the mechanisms responsible for the anomalous cooling in the ENAduringborealwinterandspringof2009.Itisfoundthatthecoolingwasinitiatedbystrongerthannormal trade winds during January and February 2009 associated with an anomalous strengthening of the subtropical North Atlantic high pressure system. Between 68 and 128N, unusually strong trade winds cooled the ocean through wind-induced evaporation and deepened the mixed layer anomalously by 5‐20 m. Closer to the equator, surface equatorial winds responded to the anomalous interhemispheric SST gradient, becoming northwesterly between the equator and 68N. The anomalous winds drove upwelling of 0.5‐1 m day 21 during March‐April, a period when there is normally weak downwelling. The associated vertical turbulent heat flux at the base of the mixed layer led to unusually cool SSTs in the central basin, further strengthening the anomalous interhemispheric SST gradient. These results emphasize the importance of mixed layer dynamics in the evolution of the meridional mode event of 2009 and the potential for positive coupled feedbacks between wind-induced upwelling and SST in the ENA.
Prevention and Management of Infants With Suspected or Proven Neonatal Sepsis

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics CBC — : complete blood cell COFN — : Committee on Fetus and Newborn COID — : Committee on Infectious Diseases GBS — : group B streptococcal MMWR — : Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), American College of Nurse-Midwives, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American Society for Microbiology published revised group B streptococcal (GBS) guidelines entitled “Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: revised guidelines from CDC 2010” in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ( MMWR ).1 The recommendations were endorsed by all the collaborating organizations including AAP after review by the Committee on Infectious Diseases (COID) and the Committee on Fetus and Newborn (COFN) and after AAP Board approval. In the report, a revised algorithm for “Secondary prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease” was included. This algorithm represented the expert opinions of the technical working group (based on current literature available at that time). In 2011, the COID and the COFN published a policy statement in Pediatrics that was in agreement with the 2010 GBS guidelines and included the same algorithm.2 In the spring of 2012, the COFN published a clinical report containing management guidelines entitled “Management of neonates with suspected or proven early-onset neonatal sepsis.”3 The 2012 COFN document includes guidance on laboratory evaluations and treatment duration, which were not addressed in the 2010 GBS prevention guidelines. The algorithms at the end of the COFN report differed from those in the 2010 guidelines published in the MMWR .1 The discordance in the algorithms prompted questions by the pediatric community as to which recommendations … Address correspondence to Michael T. Brady, MD, 700 Children’s Dr, AB 7048, Columbus, OH 43205. E-mail: michael.brady{at}nationwidechildrens.org
Maudlin on the Triangle Inequality

Tim Maudlin argues that we should take facts about distance to be analyzed in terms of facts about path lengths. His reason is that if we take distances to be fundamental, we must stipulate that constraints like the triangle inequality hold, but we get these constraints for free if we take path lengths to be prior. I argue that Maudlin is mistaken. Even if we take path lengths as primitive, the triangle inequality follows only if we stipulate that the fundamental properties and relations obey constraints that are just as puzzling as the triangle inequality.
Reply by the author to discussion on Tooley et al. (GEOPHYSICS, 49, 2195–2196)

Denham and Palmeira recently pointed out in December 1984 Geophysics that the energy flux at normal incidence in Figure 11 of Tooley et al. (1965, 30, 552) is not correct for a compressional velocity ratio (V2/V1) less than unity. The problem is that there is a discrepancy between the curves and the parameters cited. The curves correctly represent the angular dependence of energy flux ratios but for density ratios significantly less than the value of unity cited in Figure 11. Because both the density and velocity ratios vary, Figure 11 cannot be used to isolate the effect of changing the velocity ratio as was originally intended.
A note on the Ziv - Lempel model for compressing individual sequences (Corresp.)

The Ziv-Lempel compression algorithm is a string matching and parsing approach to data compression. The symbolwise equivalent for parsing models has been defined by Rissanen and Langdon and gives the same ideal codelength at the same cost in coding parameters. By describing the context and coding parameter for each symbol an insight is provided into how the Ziv-Lempel method achieves compression. This treatment does not employ a probabilistic source for the data string. The Ziv-Lempel method effectively counts symbol instances within parsed phrases. The coding parameter for each symbolwise context is determined by cumulative count ratios. The code string length increase for a symbol y following substring s , under the symbolwise equivalent, is the log of the ratio of node counts in subtrees s and s\cdot y of the Ziv-Lempel parsing tree. To demonstrate the symbolwise equivalent of the Ziv-Lempel algorithm, we extend the work of Rissanen and Langdon to incomplete parse trees. The result requires the proper handling of the comma when one phrase is the prefix of another phrase.
Electrical nanowell diagnostics sensors for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen.

Aim: Alumina nanowell based disposable diagnostic biosensor for detecting and quantifying levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) from human serum has been designed, fabricated and tested. Materials & methods: The biosensors were designed by integrating nanoporous alumina membranes onto printed circuit board platforms, resulting in the generation of high-density nanowell arrays with gold base electrodes. The size and density of the nanowells were leveraged toward achieving sieving action for size-based exclusion of nonspecific molecules and size-based confinement of the target PSA molecules. Results & conclusion: We demonstrated PSA detection between 0.01 and 1000 ng/ml and detection and quantification of PSA from a 17 patient cohort validated using the Beckman Access system with >95% correlation.
Self-awareness and the regulation of emotional intensity.

People often regulate their feelings by striving for particular emotional states. The self-regulation of emotions should be influenced by self-awareness, which is a primary instigator of self-regulation. Because the outcome of self-regulation depends, in part, on the relevant comparison standards, self-focus will have a flexible effect on emotional intensity depending on the standard. But an earlier view (Scheier C self-focus was then manipulated using a large mirror. Consistent with the self-regulation view, persons with”inhibition” standards were significantly less happy when highly self- focused. Persons with”no regulation” standards, in contrast, were unaffected by high self-focus; the two groups didn’t differ when self-focus was low. Some implications for the intersection of self-awareness and emotional experience are considered.
Effect of Antenatal Corticosteroids and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormones on Outcome of Surfactant-Treated Neonates

We conducted a retrospective study designed to assess the impact of antenatal combined treatment with betamethasone and TRH on preterm neonates receiving prophylactic Exosurf at birth. Of 71 neonates entered in the study, 35 received Exosurf alone and 36 were exposed prenatally to both hormones and also received Exosurf. Gestational age and birth weight were comparable in both groups (29.0 ± 2.9 weeks and 1.17 ± 0.35 kg versus 29.0 ± 3.2 weeks and 1.15 ± 0.34 kg, mean ± SD, respectively). Likewise, the proportion of neonates intubated at 72 h after birth and their ventilatory settings at that time were similar. Significant decreases of retinopathy of prematurity and death or need for mechanical ventilation at 28 days were noted in surfactant-treated neonates exposed to prenatal hormones. However, severe PIVH, PDA and need for supplemental O2 beyond 28 days after birth occurred in the same proportion of neonates from either group. Although overall mortality and air leaks occurred less frequently in neonate...
Gross total resection correlates with long-term survival in pediatric patients with glioblastoma.

Objective Glioblastoma is a rare central nervous system neoplasm in pediatric patients. Few studies focused exclusively on this disease in this population. Available literature suggests that this disease behaves differently between pediatric and adult patients. We set out to study patients younger than 18 years of age, carrying the diagnosis of glioblastoma not of the brainstem, their clinical characteristics and clinical factors associated with clinical outcome. Methods Thirty-seven pediatric patients with the diagnosis of glioblastoma not of the brainstem, who were treated in our institution from 1982–2011, were identified and studied retrospectively. Results All patients underwent surgical intervention. Seventeen patients (45.9%) had gross total resection (GTR). Thirteen patients (35.1%) had subtotal resection and seven (18.9%) had biopsy. After surgery, 35 patients received radiation therapy (94.6%) and 34 patients (91.9%) received chemotherapy (various agents depending on the institutional protocols established at the time of treatment and family choice). Median follow-up time was 17.5 months, ranging from 0.5–186 months. The median overall survival is 18.7 months (95% confidence interval 15.7–21.8 months). The survival rate at 1, 2, and 5 years is 63.9%, 44.5%, and 17.6%, respectively. The median overall survival for patients with GTR is 45.1 months (95% confidence interval 27.5–62.8 months), 8.7 or 11.5 months for patients with subtotal resection or biopsy, respectively. GTR was accomplished only in patients with superficially located tumors. Conclusions GTR significantly associates with long-term survival in our population of pediatric patients with glioblastoma not of the brainstem.
Fostering the ethical sensitivity of beginning clinicians.

Beginning clinicians may not recognize potential ethical issues during the course of professional services. In retrospect, usually in discussions with supervisors, trainees may understand the ethical implications of some events in professional practice. However, this understanding may come too late for the trainee to have acted ethically at the time of the event. We expand on Welfel’s (2012) recommendations for teaching ethical sensitivity and describe a method for enhancing ethical sensitivity in both ethics courses and in practicum training. Using the “D” “C” “B” “A” checklist and a related brief mnemonic alerts trainees to such ethical issues as D (danger, duty, documentation), C (consent, confidentiality, competence, consultation), B (boundaries), and A (apply decision-making model, act, assess), and does so in a sequence of priority ethical actions.