cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visualization of GM1 with Cholera Toxin B in Live Epididymal Versus Ejaculated Bull, Mouse, and Human Spermatozoa

The organization of membrane subdomains in mammalian sperm has recently generated controversy, with several reports describing widely differing localization patterns for the ganglioside GM1. Using the pentameric B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB), we found GM1 to be restricted to the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome in the heads of live murine sperm. Interestingly, CTB had minimal binding to live bovine and human sperm. To investigate whether this difference in GM1 localization was because of species differences or differences between collection from the epididymis (mouse) or an ejaculate (bull, human), we examined epididymal bovine and human sperm. We found that GM1 localized to the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome in sperm from these species. To determine whether some component of seminal plasma was interfering with the ability of CTB to access GM1, we incubated epididymal mouse sperm with fluid from murine seminal vesicles and epididymal bull sperm with bovine seminal plasma. This treatment largely abolished the ability of the CTB to bind to GM1, producing a fluorescence pattern similar to that reported for the human. The most abundant seminal plasma protein, PDC-109, was not responsible for this loss. As demonstration that the seminal plasma was not removing GM1, sperm exposed to seminal plasma were fixed before CTB addition, and again displayed fluorescence over the acrosome. These observations reconcile inconsistencies reported for the localization of GM1 in sperm of different species, and provide evidence for the segregation of GM1 to a stable subdomain in the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome.
Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni Serotype O19 Strains from Non-O19 Strains by PCR.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a neurologic disease characterized by acute paralysis, is frequently preceded by Campylobacter jejuni infection. Serotype O19 strains are overrepresented among GBS-associated C. jejuni isolates. We previously showed that all O19 strains tested were closely related to one another by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. RAPD analysis demonstrated a 1.4-kb band in all O19 strains tested but in no non-O19 strains. We cloned this O19-specific band; nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a truncated open reading frame with significant homology to DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) of Helicobacter pylori. PCR using the random primer and a primer specific for gyrB showed that in non-O19 strains, the random primer did not recognize the downstream gyrB binding site. The regions flanking each of the random primer binding sites were amplified by degenerate PCR for further sequencing. Although the random primer had several mismatches with the downstream gyrB binding site, a single nucleotide polymorphism 6 bp upstream from the 3' terminus was found to distinguish O19 and non-O19 strains. PCR using 3'-mismatched primers based on this polymorphism was designed to differentiate O19 strains from non-O19 strains. When a total of 42 (18 O19 and 24 non-O19) strains from five different countries were examined, O19 strains were distinguishable from non-O19 strains in each case. This PCR method should permit identification of O19 C. jejuni strains.
Joint Power Management of Memory and Disk

This paper presents a scheme to combine memory and power management for achieving better energy reduction. Our method periodically adjusts the size of physical memory and the timeout value to shut down a hard disk for reducing the average power consumption. We use Pareto distributions to model the distributions of idle time. The parameters of the distributions are adjusted at run-time for calculating the corresponding timeout value of the disk power management. The memory size is changed based on the inclusion property to predict the number of disk accesses at different memory sizes. Experimental results show more than 50% energy savings compared to a 2-competitive fixed-timeout method.
Activation of adenylyl cyclase in human myometrial smooth muscle cells by neuropeptides.

The levels of intracellular cAMP in human myometrial smooth muscle cells in serum-free medium, or medium that contained FBS (1%, vol/vol), were determined after treatment with the homologous peptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (ADM), and amylin, without or with added isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX). These cells were sensitive to CGRP, responding in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal levels of cAMP being attained with 5 nm CGRP in the presence of IBMX (1 mm). In the absence of IBMX, the level of cAMP attained in cells treated with CGRP (5 nm) (675.3 ± 58.8 pmol•mg protein•15 min; mean ± sem, n = 3) was approximately 90× that in nontreated cells (7.5 ± 0.4 pmol•mg protein•15 min). The level of cAMP in myometrial cells treated with CGRP (5 nm) + IBMX (1 mm), 1998 ± 420 pmol•mg protein•15 min, was 29× that in cells treated with IBMX alone (69.2 ± 10.2). The maximum level of cAMP achieved by treatment with ADM + IBMX was similar to that with CGRP + IBMX, but the dose of ADM requir...
Heritabilities and Correlations of body weight and Dressing Percentage in Broilers

Abstract Data from 958 progeny from five generations produced by 70 sires and 180 dams selected for dressing percentage were used to estimate heritability of body weight and dressing percentage and to estimate correlations between the two traits. Heritabilities based on full sibs were 0.58 and 0.29 for body weight and dressing percentage, respectively. Genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations were 0.28, and 0.04, and −0.13, respectively.
Supplying Copper to the Cuproenzyme Peptidylglycine α-Amidating Monooxygenase

Abstract We explored the role of known copper transporters and chaperones in delivering copper to peptidylglycine-α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM), a copper-dependent enzyme that functions in the secretory pathway lumen. We examined the roles of yeast Ccc2, a P-type ATPase related to human ATP7A (Menkes disease protein) and ATP7B (Wilson disease protein), as well as yeast Atx1, a cytosolic copper chaperone. We expressed soluble PHMcc (catalytic core) in yeast using the yeast pre-pro-α-mating factor leader region to target the enzyme to the secretory pathway. Although the yeast genome encodes no PHM-like enzyme, PHMcc expressed in yeast is at least as active as PHMcc produced by mammalian cells. PHMcc partially co-migrated with a Golgi marker during subcellular fractionation and partially co-localized with Ccc2 based on immunofluorescence. To determine whether production of active PHM was dependent on copper trafficking pathways involving the CCC2 or ATX1 genes, we expressed PHMcc in wild-type, ccc2, and atx1mutant yeast. Although ccc2 and atx1 mutant yeast produce normal levels of PHMcc protein, it lacks catalytic activity. Addition of exogenous copper yields fully active PHMcc. Similarly, production of active PHM in mouse fibroblasts is impaired in the presence of a mutant ATP7A gene. Although delivery of copper to lumenal cuproproteins like PAM involves ATP7A, lumenal chaperones may not be required.
Distributed force-directed graph layout and visualization

While there exist many interactive tools for the visualization of small graphs and networks, these tools do not address the fundamental problems associated with the visualization of large graphs. In particular, larger graphs require much larger display areas (e.g., display walls) to reduce visual clutter, allowing users to determine the structure of large graphs. Moreover, the layout algorithms employed by these graph visualization tools do not scale to larger graphs, thereby forcing users into a batchoriented process of generating layouts offline and later viewing of static graph images. In this paper, we present a parallel graph layout algorithm based on the Fruchterman-Reingold force-directed layout algorithm and demonstrate its implementation in a distributed rendering environment. The algorithm uses available distributed resources for both compute and rendering tasks, animating the graph as the layout evolves. We evaluate the algorithm for scalability and interactivity and discuss variations that minimize communication for specific types of graphs and applications.
Genes required for axon pathfinding and extension in the C. elegans nerve ring

Over half of the neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans send axons to the nerve ring, a large neuropil in the head of the animal. Genetic screens in animals that express the green fluorescent protein in a subset of sensory neurons identified eight new sax genes that affect the morphology of nerve ring axons. sax-3/robo mutations disrupt axon guidance in the nerve ring, while sax-5, sax-9 and unc-44 disrupt both axon guidance and axon extension. Axon extension and guidance proceed normally in sax-1, sax-2, sax-6, sax-7 and sax-8 mutants, but these animals exhibit later defects in the maintenance of nerve ring structure. The functions of existing guidance genes in nerve ring development were also examined, revealing that SAX-3/Robo acts in parallel to the VAB-1/Eph receptor and the UNC-6/netrin, UNC-40/DCC guidance systems for ventral guidance of axons in the amphid commissure, a major route of axon entry into the nerve ring. In addition, SAX-3/Robo and the VAB-1/Eph receptor both function to prevent aberrant axon crossing at the ventral midline. Together, these genes define pathways required for axon growth, guidance and maintenance during nervous system development.
Role of Intraspinal Analgesia in Terminal Pediatric Malignancy

HERE’S THE CASE A 15-year-old girl from the Caribbean presented with high-grade pleomorphic osteogenic sarcoma of her distal right femur and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. After two courses of high-dose methotrexate, cisplatin, and doxorubicin, a limb-sparing procedure was performed. The margins were negative for tumor, and the tumor necrosis was approximately 75%. Chemotherapy continued, bilateral thoracotomies were performed, and ifosfamide and etoposide were added to the patient’s regimen. Imaging studies showed no evidence of disease, and therapy was continued in her home country. She returned with a left-sided foot drop
AWATIF: A Multi-Genre Corpus for Modern Standard Arabic Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis

We present AWATIF, a multi-genre corpus of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) labeled for subjectivity and sentiment analysis (SSA) at the sentence level. The corpus is labeled using both regular as well as crowd sourcing methods under three different conditions with two types of annotation guidelines. We describe the sub-corpora constituting the corpus and provide examples from the various SSA categories. In the process, we present our linguistically-motivated and genre-nuanced annotation guidelines and provide evidence showing their impact on the labeling task.
Kinetic Measurements Reveal Enhanced Protein-Protein Interactions at Intercellular Junctions

The binding properties of adhesion proteins are typically quantified from measurements with soluble fragments, under conditions that differ radically from the confined microenvironment of membrane bound proteins in adhesion zones. Using classical cadherin as a model adhesion protein, we tested the postulate that confinement within quasi two-dimensional intercellular gaps exposes weak protein interactions that are not detected in solution binding assays. Micropipette-based measurements of cadherin-mediated, cell-cell binding kinetics identified a unique kinetic signature that reflects both adhesive (trans) bonds between cadherins on opposing cells and lateral (cis) interactions between cadherins on the same cell. In solution, proposed lateral interactions were not detected, even at high cadherin concentrations. Mutations postulated to disrupt lateral cadherin association altered the kinetic signatures, but did not affect the adhesive (trans) binding affinity. Perturbed kinetics further coincided with altered cadherin distributions at junctions, wound healing dynamics, and paracellular permeability. Intercellular binding kinetics thus revealed cadherin interactions that occur within confined, intermembrane gaps but not in solution. Findings further demonstrate the impact of these revealed interactions on the organization and function of intercellular junctions.
Gradient based design optimization under uncertainty via stochastic expansion methods

Abstract We present a computational framework for robust and reliability based design optimization which combines stochastic expansion methods, namely polynomial chaos expansion, with design sensitivity analysis. It is well known that the statistical moments and their gradients with respect to design variables can be readily obtained from the polynomial chaos expansion. However, the evaluation of the failure probabilities of the cost and constraint functions and their gradients, requires integrations over failure regions. To simplify this we introduce an indicator function into the integrand, whereby the integration region becomes the known range of random variables and to alleviate the non-differentiable property of the indicator function, a smooth approximation is adopted to facilitate the sensitivity analysis. Both intrusive and non-intrusive polynomial chaos approaches for uncertainty propagation are employed in the design optimization of linear elastic structures. Guidelines to assess the computational costs associated with both polynomial chaos approaches are also presented.
Toward Understanding in International Relations

It is impossible to disagree with the denotation of an essay that concludes with a plea for abstract theorizing, quantitative and nonquantitative analyses 'of implicit theories, or of informal, ad hoc, or personal hunches', and smalland large-N studies. I am completely sympathetic with Bueno de Mesquita's rejection of empiricism and purely inductive exercises associated with justificationalist and neo-justificationalist epistemologies. Lakatos's (1970) sophisticated methodological falsification offers a reasonable set of criteria for assessing research. However, I am skeptical about the possibility of comparing theories which are drawn from different research programs, about the benefits of large-N over small-N studies, and about the merits of quantitative over nonquantitative research. Kuhn's (1962) Structure of Scientific Revolutions touched off a lengthy debate about realism and rationality, about theory-laden observation, theory incommensurability, and criteria for belief and evidence. Kuhn's work challenges the traditional views of major philosophers of science who had held, at least in part, that science is an effort to learn about the one real world, that there is a sharp distinction between scientific and other beliefs, that scientific findings are cumulative, that there is a clear distinction between theory and observation, that hypotheses are justified by observation, that theoretical formulations proceed through deductive reasoning, that concepts have fixed meanings, and that there is a basic unity to all sciences (Hacking, 1981a: 1-2). Kuhn strongly doubts that one could decide objectively about the relative merits of diffierent paradigms. Competing approaches often use different terms. Even when they use the same terms these terms take on different meanings: 'Though most of the same signs are used before and after a revolution-e.g. force, mass, element, compound, cell the ways in which some of them attach to nature had somehow changed. Successive theories are thus, we say, incommensurable' (Kuhn, 1970: 267). Kuhn argues that the choice among competing paradigms, a choice which could bring about a scientific revolution, involves sociological and psychological factors, not just some set of criteria that could be accepted as scientific in the traditional sense. Lakatos's sophisticated methodological falsification is an effort to rebut Kuhn, to establish both empirically and logically that science can and has progressed rationally. He contends that it is possible to establish objective criteria for deciding among competing paradigms. For Lakatos, progress involves selecting research programs
Structural determinations and spectroscopic studies of carotenoids reveal the factors important in controlling their function in biological systems.

OBJECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS Recent reports in the literature have revealed the structures of several carotenoids in photosynthetic pigment protein complexes. These structures are highly suggestive of the manner in which carotenoids carry out their light-harvesting and photo-protective roles in photosynthesis. Spectroscopic studies augment the structural investigations by providing information on the energetics and dynamics of carotenoids. These are molecular features important in controlling the function of carotenoids in these systems.
A recellularized human colon model identifies cancer driver genes

Refined cancer models are needed to bridge the gaps between cell line, animal and clinical research. Here we describe the engineering of an organotypic colon cancer model by recellularization of a native human matrix that contains cell-populated mucosa and an intact muscularis mucosa layer. This ex vivo system recapitulates the pathophysiological progression from APC-mutant neoplasia to submucosal invasive tumor. We used it to perform a Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis screen to identify genes that cooperate with mutant APC in driving invasive neoplasia. We identified 38 candidate invasion-driver genes, 17 of which, including TCF7L2, TWIST2, MSH2, DCC, EPHB1 and EPHB2 have been previously implicated in colorectal cancer progression. Six invasion-driver genes that have not, to our knowledge, been previously described were validated in vitro using cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays and ex vivo using recellularized human colon. These results demonstrate the utility of our organoid model for studying cancer biology.
Review Essay of 'Incitement in International Law' by Wibke K. Timmermann

Incitement in International Law is a comprehensive legal and intellectual study of the position of incitement to hatred in international human rights and criminal law. Subjecting the concepts of propaganda and incitement to detailed critical, conceptual, contextual, legal and historical scrutiny, Wibke Timmermann persuasively argues for a modified perspective on current case law and jurisprudence, by providing a viable framework in establishing incitement to hatred as the crime against humanity of persecution. This volume provides the most complete and astute guidelines to both practitioners and scholars in dealing with the phenomenon of incitement and its consequences as part of international criminal trials.
Intrusion detection using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test for information assurance, network, forensics and software security

This paper describes a course module developed to help computer security students understand a use of the X2-, chi-square, goodness-of-fit test to detect possible intrusions. Detecting intrusions not only provides feedback to help design, but also to implement prevention techniques to harden information systems. As statistical or mathematical techniques can identify intrusions, there is a need to introduce these statistical concepts to students in information assurance, network, forensics and software security courses as they attempt to understand intrusions and plan possible responses.
Abstract 2133: Pre-clinical studies of EC2629, a highly potent FR targeted DNA crosslinking agent

Folate receptor (FR) targeted small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) have shown promising results in early stage clinical trials with vintafolide and EC1456. In our effort to develop FR targeted SMDCs with varying mechanisms of action, we have now built EC2629, a folate conjugate of a DNA crosslinking agent based on a novel DNA-alkylating moiety . This agent was found to be extremely potent with an in vitro IC50 ~ 100 x lower than any other folate SMDC we have created to date. Treatment of nude mice bearing FR positive human xenografts led to cures in 100% of the mice at very low doses (300 nmol/kg) using a convenient once a week schedule. The observed activity was not accompanied by any noticeable weight loss (up to 20 weeks post end of dosing) or major organ tissue degeneration. Complete responses were also observed in other FR-positive drug resistant (paclitaxel and cisplatin) models. When evaluated against FR-positive PDX models of ovarian, endometrial and triple negative breast (TNBC) cancers, EC2629 showed significantly greater anti-tumor activity than EC1456 or standard of care (SOC) treatments. Taken together, these studies demonstrated that EC2629 with a distinct DNA reacting mechanism has significant anti-tumor growth activity in numerous models, including those which were drug resistant, thus lending support to our planned clinical development of this novel FR-targeted agent. Citation Format: Joseph A. Reddy, Melissa Nelson, Christina Dircksen, Theresa Johnson, Marilynn Vetzel, Spencer Hahn, Longwu Qi, Iontcho Vlahov, Christopher Leamon. Pre-clinical studies of EC2629, a highly potent FR targeted DNA crosslinking agent [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2133. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2133
Bioelectromagnetic Dosimetry: Simulating Electromagnetic Fields in the Human Body

Bioelectromagnetic dosimetry is used to determine the electromagnetic fields in a biological body (human, animal, or experimental phantom) from devices that are far from the body (plane-wave exposures), near the body (near-field exposures), or inside the body (implantable medical devices). From simplified models (spheres, cylinders, layered planes) representing the human body, advances in commercially available radiofrequency devices (cell phones, in particular) and the availability of ever-more computing power have led to the development of detailed simulations based on anatomical millimeter-resolution models. Dosimetry adds to our overall understanding of how electromagnetic fields interact with the body and how to design devices that take advantage of these interactions. Opportunities for progress in dosimetry will follow new device designs and applications, integrating advanced multiphysics simulations for design and optimization with rapid prototyping and test equipment.
The Bold Ambition of Justice Scalia's Arbitration Jurisprudence: Keep Workers and Consumers Out of Court

Arbitration clauses have become a pervasive feature of modern life. The expanding scope of arbitration has become a cause for alarm amongst consumer and worker advocates, who see it as a judicial roll back of hard-won consumer and worker rights. Justice Antonin Scalia played a key role in the trend by which arbitration has largely displaced the civil justice system for ordinary Americans. Between 2006 and 2016, Justice Scalia authored six important Supreme Court decisions interpreting the FAA – no other Justice came close. Scalia’s singular contributions to arbitration law are implicated in three consolidated cases that are currently before the Supreme Court, and which pose the question of the impact of the FAA on workers’ rights to engage in collective activity to improve their working conditions. This article traces the Justice Scalia’s contributions to arbitration jurisprudence and considers the implications of the edifice he has created by these decisions.
Stewards of children education: Increasing undergraduate nursing student knowledge of child sexual abuse.

Abstract Background Child sexual abuse and exploitation are an increasing public health problem. In spite of the fact that nurses are in a unique position to identify and intervene in the lives of children suffering from abuse due to their role in providing health care in a variety of settings, nursing curricula does not routinely include this focus. Objectives The goal was to document the effectiveness of the Stewards of Children child sexual abuse training as an effective educational intervention to increase the knowledge level of undergraduate nursing students on how to prevent, recognize, and react responsibly to child sexual abuse and trafficking. Design Undergraduate nursing students were required to take the Stewards of Children training in their last semester prior to graduation. Data Sources Students in the study were given a pre-test prior to the class and a post-test following the class. Review Methods Pre- and post-tests were graded and the results were compared along with an item indicating the participants' perception of the educational intervention in improving their confidence and competence in this area. Results Data analysis revealed that post-test scores following training were significantly improved: pre-test mean = 45.5%; post-test mean score = 91.9%. The statistical significance of the improvement was marked, p Conclusions This study found a statistically significant increase in the knowledge level of undergraduate nursing students on how to prevent, recognize, and react responsibly to child sexual abuse and trafficking following the Stewards of Children training. Students also reported a high level of confidence in how to prevent abuse and react skillfully when child sexual abuse had occurred. The authors concluded that Stewards of Children is an effective option to educate nursing students on this topic.
Nonparametric Ideal-Point Estimation and Inference

Existing approaches to estimating ideal points offer no method for consistent estimation or inference without relying on strong parametric assumptions. In this paper, I introduce a nonparametric approach to ideal-point estimation and inference that goes beyond these limitations. I show that some inferences about the relative positions of two pairs of legislators can be made with minimal assumptions. This information can be combined across different possible choices of the pairs to provide estimates and perform hypothesis tests for all legislators without additional assumptions. I demonstrate the usefulness of these methods in two applications to Supreme Court data, one testing for ideological movement by a single justice and the other testing for multidimensional voting behavior in different decades.
Prominent Role Models: High-Profile Female Politicians and the Emergence of Women as Candidates for Public Office

Can prominent female politicians inspire other women to enter politics? A woman occupying a high-profile office directly impacts women's substantive representation through her policy actions. Here, we consider whether these female leaders also facilitate a mobilization effect by motivating other women to run for office. We posit that prominent women in politics serve as role models for other women interested in political careers, causing an increase in female candidates. We test this theory with data from the American states, which exhibit considerable variation in the sex of state legislative candidates and the high-profile offices of governor and U.S. senator. Using a weighting method and data spanning 1978–2012, we demonstrate that high-profile women exert substantively large positive effects on female candidates. We conclude that women in major offices are crucial for women's representation. Beyond their direct policy impact, they amplify women's political voice by motivating more women to enter politics.
Imaging the Redox States of Human Breast Cancer Core Biopsies

Currently, the gold standard to establish benign vs. malignant breast tissue diagnosis requires an invasive biopsy followed by tissue fixation for subsequent histopathological examination. This process takes at least 24 h resulting in tissues that are less suitable for molecular, functional, or metabolic analysis. We have recently conducted redox scanning (cryogenic NADH/flavoprotein fluorescence imaging) on snap-frozen breast tissue biopsy samples obtained from human breast cancer patients at the time of their breast cancer surgery. The redox state was readily determined by the redox scanner at liquid nitrogen temperature with extraordinary sensitivity, giving oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) an up to tenfold discrimination of cancer to non-cancer of breast in our preliminary data. Our finding suggests that the identified metabolic parameters could discriminate between cancer and non-cancer breast tissues without subjecting tissues to fixatives. The remainder of the frozen tissue is available for additional analysis such as molecular analysis and conventional histopathology. We propose that this novel redox scanning procedure may assist in tissue diagnosis in ex vivo tissues.
Visualization of Particulate Two-Phase Flow

A brief survey of the experimental visualization techniques for particulate two-phase flow is presented. Various non-intrusive and computer-assisted methods are considered for the identification of the flow microstructure, including measurements of particle concentration and velocity distributions. The results provide new insights into the physics of two-phase flow, and constitute a data base for modeling.
Design and Analysis of a Media Access Protocol for Star Coupled WDM Networks with TT-TR Architecture

This paper presents the design and analysis of a media access protocol implemented in Lightning, an optical WDM network testbed that has been designed for high-performance supercomputer interconnection. The architecture is based on a dynamically reconfigurable hierarchical WDM network to interconnect a large number of supercomputers and create a distributed shared memory (DSM) environment. This paper describes the network media access protocol, called LiteMAC, based on a single tunable transmitter and single tunable receiver (TT-TR) per node which exploits the bimodal traffic characteristics of a DSM system. The primary objectives of the protocol design are reduced average latency per packet, support of broadcast/multicast, and support of collision-less communication. The proposed approach is compared to an earlier protocol based on one tunable transmitter and one fixed receiver (TT-FR) per node. The performance of the protocol in terms of average latency and channel utilization is analyzed for varying system characteristics such as number of nodes, channels, and levels.
Icthyoses and Palmoplantar Keratodermas

Ichthyoses are a group of disorders, usually genetic, characterized by the presence of xerosis, excess scales, or hyperkeratosis. In individuals of all ethnicities, ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common ichthyosis; however, clinical appearance and dermoscopy vary slightly in children of color. Palmoplantar keratodermas are thickenings of the palms and soles, often genetic by nature and more common in Caucasian individuals. Children of color may have discrete hyperpigmentation in areas of keratoderma. Therapies are similar in all races and ethnicities.
Bilinear kernel reduced rank regression for facial expression synthesis

In the last few years, Facial Expression Synthesis (FES) has been a flourishing area of research driven by applications in character animation, computer games, and human computer interaction. This paper proposes a photorealistic FES method based on Bilinear Kernel Reduced Rank Regression (BKRRR). BKRRR learns a high-dimensional mapping between the appearance of a neutral face and a variety of expressions (e.g. smile, surprise, squint). There are two main contributions in this paper: (1) Propose BKRRR for FES. Several algorithms for learning the parameters of BKRRR are evaluated. (2) Propose a new method to preserve subtle person-specific facial characteristics (e.g. wrinkles, pimples). Experimental results on the CMUMulti-PIE database and pictures taken with a regular camera show the effectiveness of our approach.
Imaging modalities to diagnose and localize status epilepticus.

Abstract Neuroimaging, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently performed in patients who present with status epilepticus (SE). Here we discuss the role of these neuroimaging modalities in clinical evaluation and seizure localization. Additionally, translational neuroimaging research and advanced imaging technologies, such as perfusion and radionucleotide imaging may also contribute to localization of the seizure onset zone and yield opportunities to better understand the pathophysiology of SE and aid in prognostication.
Environmental Context of the Highland Maya

A multiple environments framework is used to explore the biophysical and sociocultural environments of the Highland Maya. Biocultural diversity in Chiapas with a focus on the Highlands is described along with ecological, economic, demographic geographic, geological, historical and cultural aspects. A detailed overview of previous ethnobiological and ethnographic work in the region is presented. Research communities in the municipality of Tenejapa are explored in detail.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in older adults with melanoma or cutaneous malignancies: The Wilmot Cancer Institute experience.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between age and frailty with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) among patients with cutaneous malignancies receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Methods A retrospective review of all patients receiving ipilimumab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab for treatment of cutaneous malignancies at the Wilmot Cancer Institute between 1 Jan 2011 and 3 Apr 2017. Results A total of 120 patients (age Conclusion Anti-PD-1 monotherapy for older adults with cutaneous malignancies have similar response and irAE rates when compared to those of younger patients. Deaths from disease progression were more frequent than those from toxicity in both age subgroups.
U.S. Department of Energy – Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Testing and Demonstration Activities

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity tests plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in closed track, dynamometer, and on-road testing environments. The purpose of this testing is to determine the potential of PHEV technology to reduce petroleum consumption. It also allows documentation of PHEV driving and charging profiles and electric charging infrastructure requirements. As of March 2009, the Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity has initiated testing on 12 PHEV models from aftermarket conversion companies and original equipment manufacturers. In addition to performing controlled dynamometer and on-road testing, AVTA has collected in-use data from 155 PHEVs operating in 23 U.S. states and Canadian provinces. This fleet has demonstrated an average increase in cumulative fuel economy of 22 to 55% when in charge depleting mode, as compared to charge sustaining mode. Charge depleting range has varied from 32 to 64 miles, depending on the vehicle and battery pack. In ideal conditions, some vehicles have achieved monthly fuel economy results of 80 to 120 miles per gallon through frequent charging and less aggressive driving styles.
Results of Physeal Bar Resection at a Single Pediatric Institution

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of physeal growth resumption after bar resection and the extent and duration of growth. We sought to determine prognostic factors for successful resection, including age, gender, etiology of physeal bar, physis affected, percentage surface area affected, location within the physis, and interposition material used (fat, cranioplast, or none). Methods By retrospective chart review, we identified all patients treated by physeal bar resection in the lower extremity at our institution from 1981 to 2017. We recorded patient demographics, etiology of physeal bar, prior treatment, surgical details, operative complications, and …
New Roles for Canonical Transcription Factors in Repeat Expansion Diseases

The presence of microsatellite repeat expansions within genes is associated with >30 neurological diseases. Of interest, (GGGGCC)>30-repeats within C9orf72 are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). These expansions can be 100s to 1000s of units long. Thus, it is perplexing how RNA-polymerase II (RNAPII) can successfully transcribe them. Recent investigations focusing on GGGGCC-transcription have identified specific, canonical complexes that may promote RNAPII-transcription at these GC-rich microsatellites: the DSIF complex and PAF1C. These complexes may be important for resolving the unique secondary structures formed by GGGGCC-DNA during transcription. Importantly, this process can produce potentially toxic repeat-containing RNA that can encode potentially toxic peptides, impacting neuron function and health. Understanding how transcription of these repeats occurs has implications for therapeutics in multiple diseases.
Tract-Specific Relationships Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Periventricular White Matter in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity.

Background Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is associated with neurological morbidity and complex neurosurgical care. Improved tools are needed to optimize treatments and to investigate the developmental sequelae of PHH. Objective To examine the relationship between diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of PHH. Methods A total of 14 preterm (PT) infants with PHH and 46 controls were included. PT CSF was collected at temporizing surgery in PHH infants (PHH PT CSF) or lumbar puncture in controls. Term-equivalent age (TEA) CSF was acquired via implanted device or at permanent CSF diversion surgery in PHH (PHH-TEA-CSF) or lumbar puncture in controls. TEA dMRI scans were used to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the genu of corpus callosum (gCC), posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), and optic radiations (OPRA). Associations between dMRI measures and CSF amyloid precursor protein (APP), neural cell adhesion-1 (NCAM-1), and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) were assessed using Pearson correlations. Results APP, NCAM-1, and L1CAM were elevated over controls in PHH-PT-CSF and PHH-TEA-CSF. dMRI FA and MD differed between control and PHH infants across all tracts. PHH-PT-CSF APP levels correlated with gCC and OPRA FA and PLIC MD, while L1CAM correlated with gCC and OPRA FA. In PHH-TEA-CSF, only L1CAM correlated with OPRA MD. Conclusion Tract-specific associations were observed between dMRI and CSF biomarkers at the initiation of PHH treatment. dMRI and CSF biomarker analyses provide innovative complementary methods for examining PHH-related white matter injury and associated developmental sequelae.
Worth the Hype? The Relevance of Paid-For Analyst Research for the Buy-and-Hold Investor

ABSTRACT: The SEC Advisory Committee on Smaller Public Companies recommends paid-for research to fill the void created by declining sell-side coverage. Potential conflicts of interest inherent in p...
An exploratory, cross-sectional and multi-institutional study using three instruments to examine student perceptions of interprofessional education

Interprofessional education (IPE) research needs to expand beyond single site, single event inquiry. Multi-institutional studies increase methodologic rigor and generalizability, advancing the pedagogical science of IPE. Four U.S. institutions used three different validated measures to examine early learner interprofessional outcomes. The three assessment tools included the Communication and Teamwork subscale of the University of West England Entry Level Interprofessional Questionnaire (UWE-ELIQ), the Self-Assessed Collaboration Skills (SACS), and the Interprofessional Teamwork and Team-based Practice factor of the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised, version 2 (SPICE-R2). Across the four institutions, 659 eligible participants, representing 19 programs completed the pre-survey, and 385 completed the post-survey. The UWE-ELIQ showed a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-survey overall, but the effect size was small. One institution demonstrated a positive change in scores on the UWE-ELIQ with a small effect size, while the other institutions saw no significant change. Two institutions observed lower post-survey scores on the SPICE-R2. Cumulative results from the study indicated no statistically significant change from pre- to post- in total SACS or SPICE-R2 scores. Additional multi-site longitudinal research is needed to investigate use of validated instruments, as well as the impact of curricula and learning environment on educational outcomes.
You can improve: Using the Framework in How to Read workshops

Information literacy is inseparable from reading literacy, but neither are a basic or innate skill. Both take time, practice, repetition, and a host of willing instructors ready to engage in critical discussions about reading strategies. This is particularly true for first-generation, non-traditional, and marginalized students. Instruction librarians are uniquely positioned to promote and teach reading comprehension in a broader context of literacy, including information literacy.
D0 Top Quark Results and their Dependence on Successful Grid Computing

The heaviest known Fermion particle -- the top quark -- was discovered at Fermilab in the first run of the Tevatron in 1995. However, besides its mere existence one needs to study its properties precisely in order to verify or falsify the predictions of the Standard Model. With the top quark's extremely high mass and short lifetime such measurements probe yet unexplored regions of the theory and bring us closer to solving the open fundamental questions of our universe of elementary particles such as why three families of quarks and leptons exist and why their masses differ so dramatically. To perform these measurements hundreds of millions of recorded proton-antiproton collisions must be reconstructed and filtered to extract the few top quarks produced. Simulated background and signal events with full detector response need to be generated and reconstructed to validate and understand the results. Since the start of the second run of the Tevatron the D0 collaboration has brought Grid computing to its aid for the production of simulated events. Data processing on the Grid has recently been added and thereby enabled us to effectively triple the amount of data available with the highest quality reconstruction methods. We will present recent top quark results D0 obtained from these improved data and explain how they benefited from the availability of computing resources on the Grid.
The Impact of Monetary Policy on the Specialness of U.S. Treasuries

I estimate the causal effect of monetary policy on the specialness of U.S. Treasuries. Measuring this specialness using the U.S. Treasury Premium, which is the difference in the convenience yield of U.S. Treasuries and that of government bonds of other developed countries measured as the deviation from covered interest parity between government bond yields, I find that monetary tightening by the Federal Reserve increases the specialness of U.S. Treasuries primarily by increasing the convenience yield of U.S. Treasuries. I also find that the magnitude of the impact varies across the term structure and across countries, especially after the GFC, and U.S. and foreign monetary policy shocks have asymmetric impacts on the specialness of U.S. Treasuries. These results provide evidence for the unique ability of the Federal Reserve to affect the specialness of U.S. Treasuries by altering the supply of dollar safe assets.
Telehealth in cancer care during COVID-19: disparities by age, race/ethnicity, and residential status.

Telehealth may remain an integral part of cancer survivorship care after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While telehealth may reduce travel/waiting times and costs for many patients, it may also create new barriers that could exacerbate care disparities in historically underserved populations, manifesting as differences in overall care participation, and in differential video versus phone use for telehealth. We reviewed visits by cancer survivors between January and December 2020 at a designated cancer center in Minnesota. We used descriptive statistics, data visualization, and generalized estimating equation logistic regression models to compare visit modalities and trends over time by age, urban/rural status, and race/ethnicity. Among 159,301 visits, including 33,242 telehealth visits, older and rural-dwelling individuals were underrepresented in telehealth compared with in-person care. Non-Hispanic White individuals, those aged 18–69 years, and urban residents used video for > 50% of their telehealth visits. In contrast, those aged ≥ 70 years, rural residents, and most patient groups of color used video for only 33–43% of their telehealth visits. Video use increased with time for everyone, but relative differences in telehealth modalities persisted. Visits of Black/African American patients temporarily fell in spring/summer 2020. Our findings underscore reduced uptake of telehealth, especially video, among potentially vulnerable patient populations. Future research should evaluate reasons for differential telehealth utilization and whether visit modality (in-person versus video versus phone) affects cancer outcomes. A long-term cancer care model with integrated telehealth elements needs to account for specific barriers for vulnerable populations.
Community Capacity Building in the Designation of the Tortugas Ecological Reserve

The remote Tortugas region of the Florida Keys, located over 225 km from the continental United States, is an area of high coral diversity, excellent water quality, and productive fisheries. Located at the juncture of major ocean currents, the Tortugas potentially serves as a source and sink for marine larvae. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary initiated a process in 1998 to create a fully protected ecological reserve in the Tortugas to conserve these resources. Reserve design emphasized community input and consensus-based decision-making. Critical to success was a diverse working group of stakeholders and government agencies. In July 2001, after receiving extensive public comment and the necessary agency approvals for designation, the Sanctuary implemented a 518-km 2 Tortugas Ecological Reserve. This fully protected marine reserve is expected to preserve biodiversity, maintain ecosystem integrity, and act as a reference site to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic changes to the ecosystem. The Tortugas Ecological Reserve complements the Sanctuary's existing network of 23 fully protected zones, instituted in 1997 to protect marine resources from overuse, conserve biodiversity, and separate uses. The Tortugas Ecological Reserve is the largest fully protected marine reserve in the United States.
A PART TO PLAY

The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) was established within months of Labour’s 1997 election victory. From the outset, it intended to ensure the effective delivery of government objectives across its sectors. DCMS’s modus operandi was predicated on the assumption that there is an implicit, highly determined and linear relationship between its funding, its policies, their implementation and outcomes. However, a series of recent statements by DCMS’s ministers suggest that this paradigm, such as it is, has come to be recognised as flawed. Given the burgeoning of current cultural policy research (not least within academia), this article considers whether, on the basis of its current form, it might have anything to contribute to solving DCMS’s dilemmas. In doing so, it examines the development of current cultural policy under Labour; the nature of the conceptual inconsistencies identified; the type of cultural policy research currently being undertaken; and the nature of the relationship between ...