cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On representations of positive integers in the Fibonacci base

We exhibit and study various regularity properties of the sequence (R(n))n ≥ 1 which counts the number of different representations of the positive integer n in the Fibonacci numeration system. The regularity properties in question are observed by representing the sequence as a two-dimensional array consisting of an infinite number of rows L1, L2, L3 .... where each Lk contains fk-1 (the k - 1st Fibonacci number) entries of the sequence (R(n)). We give a purely combinatorial recursive algorithm for generating each row Lk from previous rows Lj with j < k. We then show that for each positive integer m, and for all k ≥ 2m, the number of occurrences of m in Lk is a constant rk(m) depending only on m. The function rk(m) has many interesting number theoretic properties and is intimately connected to the Euler φ-function.
Enrollment into a time sensitive clinical study in the critical care setting: results from computerized septic shock sniffer implementation.

Objective Recruitment of patients into time sensitive clinical trials in intensive care units (ICU) poses a significant challenge. Enrollment is limited by delayed recognition and late notification of research personnel. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of electronic screening (septic shock sniffer) regarding enrollment into a time sensitive (24 h after onset) clinical study of echocardiography in severe sepsis and septic shock. Design We developed and tested a near-real time computerized alert system, the septic shock sniffer, based on established severe sepsis/septic shock diagnostic criteria. A sniffer scanned patients’ data in the electronic medical records and notified the research coordinator on call through an institutional paging system of potentially eligible patients. Measurement The performance of the septic shock sniffer was assessed. Results The septic shock sniffer performed well with a positive predictive value of 34%. Electronic screening doubled enrollment, with 68 of 4460 ICU admissions enrolled during the 9 months after implementation versus 37 of 4149 ICU admissions before sniffer implementation (p<0.05). Efficiency was limited by study coordinator availability (not available at nights or weekends). Conclusions Automated electronic medical records screening improves the efficiency of enrollment and should be a routine tool for the recruitment of patients into time sensitive clinical trials in the ICU setting.
EM plane wave diffraction by a two- and three-part thin, planar dielectric/ferrite slab

Uniform asymptotic solutions for the diffraction by a two- and three-part thin, planar dielectric/ferrite slab are developed. Each of the material slabs considered can reduce to an infinitesimally thin resistive sheet, a perfect electric or magnetic conductor, or free space. The background echo widths of various configurations based on the developed solutions are presented and compared with independent moment method solutions. >
Social videogame creation: lessons from RPG Maker

Purpose – Online community sites devoted to RPG Maker, an inexpensive software for creating role‐playing video games, have emerged as spaces where young people are developing valuable competencies with digital media. This study seeks to examine the largest of these communities.Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a mix of qualitative methods including a survey, interviews and analysis of the structure of the site. The study uses discourse analysis and is grounded in work on situated learning.Findings – The study suggests that the site and community are scaffolding young people into deeper understanding of digital production and the development of practical skills, like programming, as individuals take on identities associated with different roles in game design.Research limitations/implications – This study reinforces the value of research focused on young people's social media creation and also suggests that there is still much to be learned about technologically simple but socially rich platform...
Context Switching in a Run-Time Reconfigurable System

A distinguishing feature of reconfigurable computing over rapid prototyping is its ability to configure the computational fabric on-line while an application is running. Conventional reconfigurable computing platforms utilize commodity FPGAs, which typically have relatively long configuration times. Shrinking the configuration time down to the nanosecond region opens possibilities for rapid context switching and virtualizing the computational resources. An experimental context-switching FPGA, called the CSRC, has been created by BAE Systems, and gives researchers the opportunity to explore context-switching applications. This paper presents results obtained from constructing both control-driven and data-driven context switching applications on the CSRC device, along with unique properties of the run-time and compile-time environment.
Shifts in Public-Private Provision of Retirement Income A Four-Country Comparison

In the midst of governmental budget battles in the late 20th century, many countries' public pension programs faced challenges. In some countries, private provision grew in importance, but shifts f...
Gonadotropin responses and metabolism of synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) during constant infusion of GnRH in men and boys with delayed adolescence.

To provide further information on the patterns and amount of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and pituitary responsiveness to presumed physiological and pharmacological concentrations of GnRH, five normal men (27–30 yr) received 4-h infusions of 0 (saline), 10,80, and 800 μg synthetic GnRH randomly at weekly intervals. Four additional men received saline and 10-μg GnRH infusions. For comparison, six boys with delayed adolescence (13–16 9/12 yr) received 200 μg GnRH infusions. Four boys were retested 2 weeks after 100 mg testosterone enanthate were administered im. GnRH concentrations were determined by a highly specific RIA which utilizes Niswender R-42 antiserum and [125I]GnRH purified by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Sensitivity of this assay is 1 pg/tube or 5 pg/ml plasma. Plasma LH, FSH, and testosterone (T) were determined by RIA. In the men, mean GnRH concentrations during 10-, 80-, and 800-μg infusions were 30 ± 0.2, 207 ± 8.0, and 4030 ± 131 (se) pg/ml. Mean plasma clearance rates o...
Homotopy type theory: unified foundations of mathematics and computation

Homotopy type theory is a recently-developed unification of previously disparate frameworks, which can serve to advance the project of formalizing and mechanizing mathematics. One framework is based on a computational conception of the type of a construction, the other is based on a homotopical conception of the homotopy type of a space. The computational notion of type has its origins in Brouwer's program of intuitionism, and Church's λ-calculus, both of which sought to ground mathematics in computation (one would say "algorithm" these days). The homotopical notion comes from Grothendieck's late conception of homotopy types of spaces as represented by ∞-groupoids [Grothendieck 1983]. The computational perspective was developed most fully by Per Martin-Lof, leading in particular to his Intuitionistic Theory of Types [Martin-Lof and Sambin 1984], on which the formal system of homotopy type theory is based. The connection to homotopy theory was first hinted at in the groupoid interpretation of Hofmann and Streicher [Hofmann and Streicher 1994; 1995]. It was then made explicit by several researchers, roughly simultaneously. The connection was clinched by Voevodsky's introduction of the univalence axiom, which is motivated by the homotopical interpretation, and which relates type equality to homotopy equivalence [Kapulkin et al. 2012; Awodey et al. 2013].
Appalachians in the Time Interval between the Grenville Orogeny and Variscan Collision

Both in the southern and northern Appalachians, inliers of Grenville rocks are surrounded and overthrust by Phanerozoic and Neoproterozoic rocks.
Evaporation from an Ephemeral Streambed

Daily evaporation was measured for sands that dry without contact with a water table. Selected sands from an ephemeral streambed were packed in cylinders, wetted, and weighed to determine evaporation loss under field climatic conditions. In summer and early fall tests, first-day evaporation from the sands was less than half the loss from an adjacent Class A Weather Bureau pan. During the first week, evaporation rates for the sands were lower than those reported for irrigated soil. The maximum depth of drying during the three-week tests was less than one foot.
CT ANGIOGRAPHIC PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS AND PREDICTION OF MACE ACCORDING TO PRESENCE OF DIABETES: THE CONFIRM REGISTRY

We examined the differences in plaque composition and prognosis assessed by coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in patients with and without diabetes (DM). We studied 2918 subjects from the COronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter (CONFIRM) registry without
“The Geology of Earthquakes” by Robert S. Yeats, Kerry Sieh, and Clarence R. Allen

The first device designed to measure earthquake-induced ground motion was built in A.D. 132 by Chang Heng in China, and for the next sixteen centuries, studies of earthquakes remained the exclusive domain of seismologists. Not until the latter part of the eighteenth century, when French nobleman Deodat Gratet de Dolomieu reported the first significant field observations of effects from the 1783 earthquake in southern Italy, did geology begin to play a role in earthquake studies. Systematic geological studies of earthquakes and faults did not begin for more than 100 years later in the latter part of the 19th century, when seminal reports such as those by G. K. Gilbert emphasized the connection between surficial features and earthquakes. More than two hundred years have passed since Dolomieu's pioneering descriptions, but only during the past 20 or 30 years has the unique value of earthquake geology been widely recognized and appreciated. The ...
Submicron Pattern Delineation Using a Pulsed Electron-Beam in Soft Vacuum

We describe herein an electron-beam, proximity lithograghic process which operates in soft vacuum (50 mT< p <1 Torr) using highly directed electron emission from a cold cathode. The electron-beam operates with large areas(<10 cm2) and with large total currents (Ipeak 25 pulses).
Podiatrists in a Weberian Spirit: Medical Care Specialists Seeking Full Professional Status and Recognition

L'A. etudie d'un point de vue weberien les relations professionnelles entre podologues et medecins, interrogeant la reconnaissance du statut professionnel des podologues. Les resultats suggerent que le statut social peut inclure des membres de differentes professions, que communautes de point de vue et de style de vie existent independamment des differences de pouvoir et d'autorite qui existent parmi leurs membres.
Differential Risk for Homelessness Among US Male and Female Veterans With a Positive Screen for Military Sexual Trauma.

Importance Military sexual trauma (MST) is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes following military separation. Recent research suggests that MST may be a determinant in several factors associated with postdeployment homelessness. Objective To evaluate MST as an independent risk factor for homelessness and to determine whether risk varies by sex. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study of US veterans who used Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services between fiscal years 2004 and 2013 was conducted using administrative data from the Department of Defense and VHA. Included in the study were 601 892 US veterans deployed in Iraq or Afghanistan who separated from the military between fiscal years 2001 and 2011 and subsequently used VHA services. Exposure Positive response to screen for MST administered in VHA facilities. Main Outcomes and Measures Administrative evidence of homelessness within 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years following the first VHA encounter after last deployment. Results The mean (SD) age of the 601 892 participants was 38.9 (9.4) years, 527 874 (87.7%) were male, 310 854 (51.6%) were white, and 382 361 (63.5%) were enlisted in the Army. Among veterans with a positive screen for MST, rates of homelessness were 1.6% within 30 days, 4.4% within 1 year, and 9.6% within 5 years, more than double the rates of veterans with a negative MST screen (0.7%, 1.8%, and 4.3%, respectively). A positive screen for MST was significantly and independently associated with postdeployment homelessness. In regression models adjusted for demographic and military service characteristics, odds of experiencing homelessness were higher among those who screened positive for MST compared with those who screened negative (30-day: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.89; 95% CI, 1.58-2.24; 1-year: AOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 2.04-2.53; and 5-year: AOR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.36-2.93). Military sexual trauma screen status remained independently associated with homelessness after adjusting for co-occurring mental health and substance abuse diagnoses in follow-up regression models (30-day: AOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.36-1.93; 1-year: AOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.33-1.66; and 5-year: AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.24-1.55). In the fully adjusted models, the interaction between MST status and sex was significant in the 30-day and 1-year cohorts (30-day: AOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18-2.02; and 1-year: AOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.23-1.74), denoting higher risk for homelessness among males with a positive screen for MST. Conclusions and Relevance A positive screen for MST was independently associated with postdeployment homelessness, with male veterans at greater risk than female veterans. These results underscore the importance of the MST screen as a clinically important marker of reintegration outcomes among veterans. These findings demonstrate significant long-term negative effects and inform our understanding of the public health implications of sexual abuse and harassment.
Few Michigan Jurisdictions Have Adopted Complete Streets Policies, Though Many See Potential Benefits

This report presents the opinions of Michigan local government leaders regarding “Complete Streets” policies, which encourage local governments to take into account all road users — including pedestrians, bicyclists and transit passengers of all ages and abilities, as well as trucks, buses and automobiles — during the planning, design, and construction of public streets. The findings in this report are based on a statewide survey of local government leaders in the Fall 2014 wave of the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS), including a supplementary survey of county road commissions and departments.
A goal programming approach to address the proposal selection problem: a case study of a clinical and translational science institute

One of the most challenging tasks faced by healthcare organizations is to properly allocate resources that support the accomplishment of their organizational strategy. This challenge is particularly pressing for healthcare organizations that provide funding through call for proposals processes. In this study, we propose a goal programming (GP) model for the proposal selection problem within a clinical and translational science institute (CTSI) in an academic institution. The proposed GP model seeks to formalize and operationalize the strategy and long-term vision of the healthcare organization into the selection of a mix of proposals. A case study is presented to illustrate the practical use of the GP model. Additionally, this model was validated using real data from a recent call for proposal cycle at the Pennsylvania State University CTSI. The results provided a match on seven of the nine selected proposals from a pool of 24.
Convection in the east Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone

The eastern tropical Pacific exhibits a strong, cross-equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, which drives a southerly flow in the atmospheric boundary layer. Convergence in this flow is generally considered to drive deep convection in the east Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone. However, results from cloud modeling and recent field programs provide an alternative thermodynamic mechanism for controlling this convection. While shallow convection responds to boundary layer convergence, deep convection appears to be controlled by a combination of convective inhibition, surface moist entropy fluxes, tropospheric relative humidity, and moist convective instability. These factors explain the sharp minimum in infrared brightness temperature near 8°N while boundary layer convergence occurs over a much broader range of latitudes.
A Workshop on Microbiomics, Metagenomics, and Metabolomics

Microbiota are ecological communities of microorganisms found throughout nature. In humans and animals, microbiota communities can reside on or within the body, and exist in a commensal or mutualistic relationship with their host to impact physiological functions and play critical roles in the host's development. These microbial communities can be very complex. One such example is the intestinal microbiota, comprising hundreds of species that interact with other microorganisms in the community as well as their host. Recent studies have demonstrated that microbiota impacts a wide range of physiological processes, including digestion, development of the immune system, and inflammation. Further, significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition has shown to correlate with several diseases, including obesity diabetes, cancer, asthma, and even autism spectrum disorder. Characterizing the microbiota and understanding its relation to health and disease stand to significantly improve human health. Efforts to characterize microbiota have greatly benefited from technical advances in DNA sequencing. In particular, low-cost culture-independent sequencing has made metagenomic and metatranscriptomic surveys of microbial communities practical, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi associated with the human body, other hosts, and the environment. The resulting data have stimulated the development of many new computational approaches to meta'omic sequence analysis, including metagenomic assembly, microbial identification, and gene, transcript, and pathway metabolic profiling. Further, recent advances in untargeted metabolomics have stimulated the development of many tools that enhance the functional profiling of microbial communities. Through invited talks, this workshop will highlight recent advances computational methods for metagenomics and metabolomics, and present pressing challenges. A hands-on tutorial will provide an introduction to computational metagenomics. This workshop is timely, and will broaden the scope of the conference to cover such pressing important topics.
Multi-Path Marginal Space Learning for Object Detection

Abstract This chapter introduces a novel method for fast detection of objects with a large number of parameters. The method is based on Marginal Space Learning (MSL), which is a learning-based optimization technique that approaches the search for objects in images as a particle filter in a chain of subspaces of increasing dimensions, using trained detectors to prune the particles in the subspaces. MSL has been used extensively in Medical Imaging for detecting organs and landmarks in 2D and 3D data and for detecting and tracking curve-like structures such as guidewires and catethers. This chapter brings three contributions. Firstly, it introduces multiple computational paths for MSL, which can improve the detection performance compared to a single MSL path. Second, it presents an application of multi-path MSL to four parameter face detection from grayscale images. Thirdly, it observes experimentally that multiple-path MSL obtains a compact classifier with good generalization abilities. Consequently, the number of training examples can be reduced to half compared to other methods with similar performance.
Proton therapy in stage II-IV non-small cell lung cancer: pattern of care and impact on trial accrual.

Proton therapy provides a unique opportunity to improve local control while minimizing the radiation dose to organs at risk and consequently, minimizing radiation-induced toxicities. Recent researc...
Porcine Response to a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- Outbreak Isolate

Abstract Salmonella enterica serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- has emerged as a common nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar to cause human foodborne illness. An interesting trait of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- is that it only expresses the fliC gene for bacterial motility (i.e., monophasic), while most Salmonella strains alternately express two flagellin genes (fliC and fljB). The goal of this study was to characterize the porcine response following inoculation with a multidrug-resistant (MDR) serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- isolate associated with a multistate pork outbreak to determine if the increased prevalence of serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- in swine is due to enhanced pathogenicity. Pigs were inoculated and subsequently evaluated for the ability of the isolate to colonize intestinal tissues, cause clinical symptoms, induce an immune response, and alter the fecal microbiota over a 7-day period. Pigs exhibited a significant increase in rectal temperature (fever) (p < 0.01) and fecal moisture content (diarrhea) (p < 0.05) at 2 days posti...
A dual wave infrared imaging polarimeter

Detection of targets can be difficult using thermal camera during thermal cross-over periods. Under these conditions, the target takes on the apparent temperature of objects in the foreground or background and becomes undetectable. It is commonly said that the thermal imagery is “washed-out”. When the thermal contrast of an object against its background is zero, many times a polarization contrast of the same object is non-zero. In this paper, we introduce a camera that measures thermal and polarization images in both the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR). We also show example images and derive a simple equation that explains the conditions under which a polarization signature of an object can be expected.
Model Reactions of Molybdenum Complexes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the model reactions of molybdenum complexes. Model studies have proven particularly useful for interpreting the properties and reactions of many metal-containing enzymes and proteins. Model studies for molybdenum enzymes have suffered, by comparison, because of a lack of biochemical data. The application of the new extended X-ray absorption edge fine-structure (EXAFS) technique and the isolation of low molecular weight molybdenum cofactors have improved the situation markedly. Results from studies of model reactions of molybdenum complexes have led to a number of interesting and biochemically relevant conclusions. The failure of model systems to oxidize purines, aldehydes, or SO3 successfully is more likely because of kinetic than thermodynamic reasons, although this conclusion is far from certain. While recent EXAFS results indicate that oxo groups are not present on Mo in nitrogenase, the demonstration by Schrauzer (1975) that the reduction of N2 in aqueous solution is effected by oxo Mo(IV), or possibly Mo(III) complexes, supports the hypothesis that the binding and reduction of N2 occur at, or near, the Mo center of this enzyme. This postulate is further strengthened by the fact that acid hydrolysis of formally zero valent Mo–(N2) complexes produces NH3. Ligand exchange reactions indicate that no oxidation state of Mo from +3 to +6 may be eliminated because of inertness to substitution, while S ligands appear to enhance the rates of such processes.
Role of the Nervous System in Aging — Correlations Among Life Span, Brain-Body Weight and Metabolism

Each species exhibits a characteristic average or mean and a maximum life span. It is generally accepted that the differences in life spans among species are based upon genetic factors. The most compelling evidence that the life span is genetically controlled is the species specific DNA-programmed life span of each species. Experimental evidence in animal studies includes differences in longevity between strains and mutants and the genetic selection for long- and short-lived strains. In man, comparisons of life span differences between identical and fraternal twins and the correlations in life span between parents and their offspring indicates a DNA-programmed life span (Clark, 1964). It is generally accepted that differences in life span among and within species may reside in genomes with different genetic programs or specific rates of mutation (Goldstein, 1971).
Wave-body interactions among energy absorbers in a wave farm

Abstract A semi-analytical method is developed to investigate surface-wave interactions among an array of wave-energy converters, each modeled as a truncated cylinder, and the interaction effects on power absorption from the array is studied. Each cylinder can have independent movements with six degrees of freedom. The method of matched eigen-function expansions is applied to solve the wave radiation problem. To achieve fast computation, effects of evanescent modes of local scattering waves from one cylinder is neglected in the near fields of neighboring cylinders, but the far-field radiated waves are retained. Wave-exciting forces and moments on an individual cylinder or a group of cylinders, situated among an array, are evaluated by a new, generalized form of the “Haskind relation” applicable to an array of arbitrary configuration, which only requires the solution to the radiation problem. Hydrodynamic properties and wave-exciting loads are presented for arrays of different configurations. This efficient computation facilitates investigating wave-interaction effects on the optimal power output of a cylinder array. Effects of the cylinder numbers, their spacing, and the layout geometry on power extraction are discussed. The interaction factor for a large wave farm consisting of multiple small arrays was evaluated by the current method combined with the point-absorber approximation.
Differing Sensitivities to Fire Disturbance Result in Large Differences Among Remotely Sensed Products of Vegetation Disturbance

Recent advances in high-performance computing (HPC) have promoted the creation of standardized remotely sensed products that map annual vegetation disturbance through two primary methods: (1) conventional approaches that integrate remote sensing-derived vegetation indices with field data and other data on disturbance events reported by public agencies on a year-to-year basis, and (2) “big” data approaches using HPC to automate algorithms and workflows across an entire time series. Given the recent proliferation of these annual products and their potential utility for understanding vegetation dynamics, it is important for product end users (that is, practitioners and researchers in domains other than remote sensing) to understand the differences in their representations of disturbance and the conditions under which they report it. We use fire in California as a case study to compare reported disturbance across three widely used vegetation disturbance products—LANDFIRE (representing the conventional approach), Hansen Global Forest Change (GFC), and North America Forest Dynamics (NAFD), the latter two created from automated approaches. Using Google’s Earth Engine, we compared their total and annual amounts of fire and non-fire disturbance for 2001–2010 and examined the products’ reported disturbance across different environmental and burn conditions. We found that GFC and NAFD reported similar amounts of disturbance that were consistently much lower than LANDFIRE’s reported disturbance across all years, regions, and habitats. We also found that despite the differences in amounts of reported disturbance, the products identified disturbance in similar ranges of bioclimatic conditions and habitat types, and thus, differing environmental conditions in areas reported as disturbed were not the drivers of the difference. Rather, we found that lower sensitivity to fire disturbance for GFC and NAFD, as compared to LANDFIRE, was a key driver of the overall differences in the amounts and locations of reported disturbance; both GFC and NAFD reported much lower amounts of fire disturbance than LANDFIRE across all burn conditions. Furthermore, the difference in reported disturbance between LANDFIRE and GFC/NAFD was greater for fire disturbance than for non-fire disturbance; LANDFIRE reported more than double the total amounts of fire disturbance of GFC and NAFD in the study period. Based on our results, we encourage end users to choose the appropriate disturbance product based not only on spatial extent and habitat but also on the disturbance type of interest (that is, fire and non-fire). Overall, rather than focusing on accuracy, our study quantifies the extent to which the products exhibited differences in the amounts and locations of reported disturbance to provide insight into these products’ representations of disturbance and help end users evaluate and choose the most appropriate product for their needs.
Association between muscular strength and depressive symptoms : A narrative review.

There is increasing evidence for an association between low muscular strength and depressive symptoms. In this review the existing literature on the association between muscular strength and depression particularly in older people as reported in epidemiological studies is summarized. From the literature search, conducted in PubMed (January 1980–May 2018), 17 papers (8 cross-sectional and 9 longitudinal studies) were selected. All cross-sectional studies reported significantly lower odds of having depressive symptoms with increased levels of muscular strength and this association persisted even after adjusting for several confounders including the level of physical activity. The majority of the longitudinal studies also reported that low muscular strength was independently associated with a higher risk of developing depression but more studies are needed to confirm this evidence. Furthermore, future investigations are needed to explore the exact mechanisms of muscular strength in relation to depression. Low muscular strength is a modifiable factor for depression, which is of great public health interest.
Validating self-reported cervical cancer screening among women leaving jails.

Background Despite women with criminal justice involvement reporting routine Papanicolaou (Pap) testing, significant disparities in cervical cancer outcomes exist when compared to women without criminal justice involvement. A possible reason for the discrepancy is that this group of women may be misreporting Pap testing. The objective of this study was to validate self-reported cervical cancer screening among women leaving jails. Methods We used three methods to validate self-reported cervical cancer screening for women recently released from jail: 1) Medical record review; 2) Semi-structured interview; 3) Pap test knowledge survey. After validating women’s self-reported Pap tests with a review of their medical records, we scored interviews for Pap test recall, and used Pap test knowledge survey scores to compare scores between women who accurately reported Pap tests vs. those who did not. Results Sixty-one percent (N = 14/23) self-reported cervical cancer screenings were accurate per medical record review. Comparing participants who did and did not accurately self-report a Pap test, we found a significant difference in Pap test recall scores (1.90 vs. 0.00, t = 3.87, p < .01) and Pap test knowledge scores (13.50 vs. 12.13, t = 2.42, p < .05). Conclusion Self-report of cervical cancer screening was more likely to be accurate if a woman’s Pap test knowledge was high. Clinicians might take extra care in describing screening and distinguishing between Pap tests and pelvic exams to support the cervical health of women with lower knowledge.
Heat Content and Small Time Asymptotics for Schrödinger Operators on ${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$

This paper studies the heat content for Schrodinger operators of the fractional Laplacian \({(-{\Delta })^{\frac {\alpha }{2} }}\), 0<α≤2 in \({\mathbb {R}}^{d}\), d≥1. Employing probabilistic and analytic techniques, a small time asymptotic expansion formula is given and the “heat content invariants” are identified. To the best of our knowledge, these results are new even in the case of the Laplacian, α = 2.
Robust Direction of Arrival Estimation in the Presence of Array Faults using Snapshot Diversity

Many direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms require accurate measurements from all sensing elements on an antenna array. However, in various practical settings, it becomes imperative to perform DOA estimation even in the presence of faulty elements. In this work, we develop an algorithm that can jointly estimate the DOA of sources and the locations of the faulty elements. This is achieved by introducing weights that describe the degree of outlierness of each element. Further, for situations where only single snapshots are available, we propose a new snapshot diversity formulation for which our algorithm can still be applied. Simulation results over four different fault models demonstrate that the proposed algorithm robustly estimates DOAs and accurately identifies the faulty elements.
Os acromiale: systematic review of surgical outcomes.

Background The literature is unclear as to the optimal surgical management of a symptomatic os acromiale that has failed nonoperative treatment. Surgical options include excision, acromioplasty, and open reduction and internal fixation. The purpose of this study is to summarize the described methods and compare their reported outcomes with the goal to provide direction on how to surgically manage os acromiale. Methods We performed a systematic review of the current medical literature. Fifteen studies met all the inclusion criteria. Two hundred eleven total subjects (220 shoulders) underwent surgical treatment for a symptomatic os acromiale. There were 140 men and 71 women with a mean age of 49.6 ± 9.1 years. The mean follow-up duration was 40 ± 11.6 months. Surgical techniques used in the included studies were excision, acromioplasty, and open reduction with internal fixation. Concurrent surgical procedures performed were also included. Results Meso-os acromiale was the most common type (167 cases, 94.4%). The most common surgical technique was internal fixation (135 cases, 60.8%), with screw fixation being the majority (76 cases, 56.3%). Excision (65 cases, 29.3%) was the second most used technique. The most common concurrent surgical procedure performed was rotator cuff repair (125 cases, 56.3%), followed by distal clavicle excision (31 cases, 14%). Conclusions All surgical techniques employed resulted in improvement in postsurgical clinical outcomes without any technique demonstrating superior results. Operative management of a symptomatic os acromiale that has failed initial nonoperative treatment leads to decreased symptoms and improvement in clinical outcomes.
The impact of physician’s sequence [1st vs 2nd] and posture [sitting vs standing] on cancer patients’ physician preference and perception of compassion

18513 Background: Our group previously found in a cross-over RCT in 69 advanced cancer patients [P] that the sitting posture was preferred; we also found that patients consistently chose the physic...
An intergenerational investigation of the associations between parental marijuana use trajectories and child functioning.

Diverse patterns of life-course marijuana use may have differential health impacts for the children of users. Data are drawn from an intergenerational study of 426 families that included a parent, their oldest biological child, and (where appropriate) another caregiver who were interviewed 10 times from 2002 to 2018; the current study used data from 380 families in waves 6-10. Analyses linked parent marijuana use trajectories estimated in a previous publication (Epstein et al., 2015) to child marijuana, alcohol, and nicotine use; promarijuana norms; internalizing; externalizing; attention problems; and grades using multilevel modeling among children ages 6 to 21. Four trajectories had been found in the previous study: nonuser, chronic, adolescent-limited, and late-onset. Results indicate that children of parents in the groups that initiated marijuana use in adolescence (chronic and adolescent-limited) were most likely to use substances. Children of parents in the late-onset group, where parents initiated use in young adulthood, were not at increased risk for substance use but were more likely to have attention problems and lower grades. Results held when parent current marijuana use was added to the models. Implications of this work highlight the importance of considering both current use and use history in intergenerational transmission of marijuana use, and the need to address parent use history in family based prevention. Prevention of adolescent marijuana use remains a priority. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collegian help seeking: the role of self-compassion and self-coldness

Background: Researchers have identified a two-factor structure of self-compassion (i.e. self-compassion and self-coldness). To date, no research has examined each of these constructs’ role in colle...
The Last Grand Inquisitor

How should constitutional democracies hold their public officials accountable without upsetting the separation of powers? This article adopts a comparative perspective to offer a critique of Colombia’s excessively powerful disciplinary watchdog: The Inspector General of the Nation (Procurador General de la Nacion). Using basic separation of powers principles distilled from the much-criticized Morrison v. Olson case, the article builds an analytical framework to evaluate the vast disciplinary powers of the Inspector General’s Office (“IGO”), which include the removal and disqualification of elected officials through inquisitorial administrative proceedings. Without resorting to any sort of legal imperialism, it argues that the Inspector General’s disciplinary authority places the IGO as a co-equal branch of power, which threatens the stability of Colombia’s separation of powers structure. After analyzing (1) the IGO’s excessive structural independence from the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, (2) its alarmingly vast personal jurisdiction across all branches of government, and (3) the co-governing breadth of its substantive disciplinary power, the article concludes that the IGO, in its current state, is an affront to the basic principles of the separation of powers. It then offers reform suggestions that can allow the IGO to fulfill its oversight mission without disturbing the balance of powers.
'From Old South to New' Review of Michael O'Brien, 'Conjectures of Order: Intellectual Life and the American South, 1810-1860' 2 Vols. (University of North Carolina Press, 2004)

Review of Michael O'Brien "Conjectures of Order: Intellectual Life and the American South, 1810-1860" 2 Vols. (The University of North Carolina Press, 2004).
An AI Ethics Course Highlighting Explicit Ethical Agents

This is an experience report describing a pilot AI Ethics course for undergraduate computer science majors. In addition to teaching students about different ethical approaches and using them to analyze ethical issues, the course covered how ethics has been incorporated into the implementation of explicit ethical agents, and required students to implement an explicit ethical agent for a simple application. This report describes the course objectives and design, the topics covered, and a qualitative evaluation with suggestions for future offerings of the courses.
Science Highlights and Final Updates from 17 Years of Total Solar Irradiance Measurements from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment/Total Irradiance Monitor (SORCE/TIM)

The final version (V.19) of the total solar irradiance data from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Total Irradiance Monitor has been released. This version includes all calibrations updated to the end of the mission and provides irradiance data from 25 February 2003 through 25 February 2020. These final calibrations are presented along with the resulting final data products. An overview of the on-orbit operations timeline is provided as well as the associated changes in the time-dependent uncertainties. Scientific highlights from the instrument are also presented. These include the establishment of a new, lower TSI value; accuracy improvements to other TSI instruments via a new calibration facility; the lowest on-orbit noise (for high sensitivity to solar variability) of any TSI instrument; the best inherent stability of any on-orbit TSI instrument; a lengthy (17-year) measurement record benefitting from these stable, low-noise measurements; the first reported detection of a solar flare in TSI; and observations of two Venus transits and four Mercury transits.
Achievable information rates calculation for optical OFDM few-mode fiber long-haul transmission systems

We propose a method to estimate the lower bound of achievable information rates (AIRs) of high speed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in spatial division multiplexing (SDM) optical long-haul transmission systems. The estimation of AIR is based on the forward recursion of multidimensional super-symbol efficient sliding-window Bahl–Cocke–Jelinek–Raviv (BCJR) algorithm. We consider most of the degradations of fiber links including nonlinear effects in few-mode fiber (FMF). This method does not consider the SDM as a simple multiplexer of independent data streams, but provides a super-symbol version for AIR calculation over spatial channels. This super-symbol version of AIR calculation algorithm, in principle, can be used for arbitrary multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)-SDM system with channel memory consideration. We illustrate this method by performing Monte Carlo simulations in a complete FMF model. Both channel model and algorithm for calculation of the AIRs are described in details. We also compare the AIRs results for QPSK/16QAM in both single mode fiber (SMF)- and FMF-based optical OFDM transmission.
MICROBIAL SPECTRUM AND OUTCOMES OF ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION VERSUS PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY

Purpose:To compare infectious organisms and visual outcomes of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection (IVI) with endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).Methods:Retrospective, comparative, consecutive case series of patients diagnosed with presumed infectious endophthalmitis after IV
Scale of Ecosystem Units

Scale implies a certain level of perceived detail. Suppose, for example, that we carefully examine an area of intermixed grassland and pine forest. At one scale, the grassland and the stand of pine each appear spatially homogeneous and look uniform. Yet linkages of energy and material exist between these ecosystems. Having determined these linkages, we intellectually combine the locationally separate systems into a new entity of higher order and greater size. These larger systems represent patterns or associations of linked smaller ecosystems.
Cooling-rate dependence of kinetic and mechanical stabilities of simulated glasses

Glasses created through vapor deposition on a substrate maintained at a proper temperature possess higher kinetic and mechanical stabilities than glasses created by cooling at a constant rate. Molecular dynamics simulations are being increasingly used to understand why vapor deposition improves glasses’ stability. There are, however, few detailed molecular dynamics studies of the dependence of the properties of glasses cooled at a constant rate on the rate of cooling. Thus, there is no clear benchmark for comparing ultrastable simulated glasses to simulated glasses prepared through cooling at a constant rate. Here, we examine the dependence of the properties of simulated glasses on the cooling rate used in their preparation. We examine the kinetic stability by measuring the time it takes for a glass to transform back to a liquid upon heating and heterogeneous dynamics during heating. We also examine properties of the energy landscape, and we evaluate mechanical stability by calculating the shear modulus of the glass. The methods outlined here can be used to assess kinetic and mechanical stabilities of simulated glasses generated using specialized algorithms and provide a benchmark for those algorithms.
Developing Intelligent Educational Agents with the Disciple Learning Agent Shell

Disciple is an apprenticeship, multistrategy learning approach for developing intelligent agents where an expert teaches the agent how to perform domain-specific tasks in a way that resembles how the expert would teach an apprentice. We claim that Disciple can naturally be used to build certain types of educational agents. Indeed, an educator can teach a Disciple agent which in turn can tutor students in the same way it was taught by the educator. This paper presents the Disciple approach and its application to developing an educational agent that generates history test questions. The agent provides intelligent feedback to the student in the form of hints, answer and explanations, and assists in the assessment of student's understanding and use of higher-order thinking skills.
Label Space: A Coupled Multi-shape Representation

Richly labeled images representing several sub-structures of an organ occur quite frequently in medical images. For example, a typical brain image can be labeled into grey matter, white matter or cerebrospinal fluid, each of which may be subdivided further. Many manipulations such as interpolation, transformation, smoothing, or registration need to be performed on these images before they can be used in further analysis. In this work, we present a novel multi-shape representation and compare it with the existing representations to demonstrate certain advantages of using the proposed scheme. Specifically, we propose label space, a representation that is both flexible and well suited for coupled multi-shape analysis. Under this framework, object labels are mapped to vertices of a regular simplex, e.gthe unit interval for two labels, a triangle for three labels, a tetrahedron for four labels, etc. This forms the basis of a convex linear structure with the property that all labels are equally spaced. We will demonstrate that this representation has several desirable properties: algebraic operations may be performed directly, label uncertainty is expressed equivalently as a weighted mixture of labels or in a probabilistic manner, and interpolation is unbiased toward any label or the background. In order to demonstrate these properties, we compare label space to signed distance maps as well as other implicit representations in tasks such as smoothing, interpolation, registration, and principal component analysis.
Formatting Your Worksheets

In this chapter, you’ll learn how to format your worksheets so that they show the information you need and present it clearly.