cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear water-wave structure interaction

Abstract A numerical model of the interaction of highly deformable fluid-filled membranes and ocean waves has been developed and verified. The fluid domain is modeled using a boundary element model and the membrane is modeled using a finite element model. The finite element model was developed previously, and required little modification. However, the hydrodynamics in the finite element model was simplistic and the boundary element model of the fluid domain was developed to provide a better representation of the potentially nonconservative hydrodynamic loadings on the membrane. The finite element model predicts the nonlinear dynamic behavior of cable and membrane structures where the nonlinearities arise from large displacements, surface rotations, nonlinear stress-strain relationships and nonconservative loadings. The total Langrangian description and the principle of virtual work are used to formulate the equilibrium equations. Explicit stress-strain relationships are neither assumed nor required. The hydrodynamic loadings induced by water waves on structures are computed using a boundary element model. Large body hydrodynamics and ideal fluid flow are assumed and the diffraction/radiation problem solved. Either linear waves or finite amplitude waves are assumed in the model; thus the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic free surface boundary conditions are treated iteratively. To implicitly include time in the governing field equations Volterra's method was used. The models were coupled in an iterative procedure to model the wave structure interaction. Numerical results were compared to results of large scale test conducted on a 3-ft diameter membrane cylinder.
Inhibition of polar auxin transport by ethylene.

Applied ethylene influences the growth of etiolated pea stem sections cut from untreated plants, but has no effect on 14C-indoleacetic acid uptake, polar transport or destruction. However, the capacity of the polar auxin transport system is markedly reduced in sections cut from plants grown in ethylene, while the velocity of auxin transport is unchanged under these conditions. Inhibition of the polar transport system by ethylene could underlie certain responses in which the gas produces symptoms of auxin deficiency.
An Analysis of the "Laminar Instability" Problem in Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Passages

Instability of gas-cooled nuclear reactor passages in steady laminar flow studied by time-dependent analysis
Optimal control of nonautonomous functional–differential inclusions of neutral type

Abstract This paper deals with optimal control problems of the Bolza type for functional–differential systems governed by nonautonomous constrained neutral inclusions given in the Hale form. We develop the method of discrete approximations to derive new necessary optimality conditions for such problems in extended Euler–Lagrange and Hamiltonian forms. The results obtained are expressed in terms of robust generalized differential constructions of variational analysis introduced earlier by the first author.
Perturbation of Eigenpairs of Factored Symmetric Tridiagonal Matrices

Suppose that an indefinite symmetric tridiagonal matrix permits triangular factorization T = LDL t . We provide individual condition numbers for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of T when the parameters in L and D suffer small relative perturbations. When there is element growth in the factorization, then some pairs may be robust while others are sensitive. A 4 × 4 example shows the limitations of standard multiplicative perturbation theory and the efficacy of our new condition numbers.
Optimization of methods to assess human mucosal T-cell responses to HIV infection

The majority of HIV-1 infections occur via sexual transmission at mucosal epithelia lining the vagina, cervix or rectum. Mucosal tissues also serve as viral reservoirs. However, our knowledge of human mucosal T-cell responses is limited. There is a need for reliable, sensitive, and reproducible methods for assessing mucosal immunity. Here we report on the collaborative efforts of two laboratories to optimize methods for processing, culturing, and analyzing mucosal lymphocytes. Rectal biopsy tissue was obtained by flexible sigmoidoscopy, which is rapid, minimally invasive, and well tolerated. Of the four methods compared for isolating mucosal mononuclear cells (MMC), collagenase digestion reproducibly yielded the most lymphocytes (4-7 x 10(6)). Furthermore, 0.5-1 x 10(6) MMC could be polyclonally expanded to yield 17 x 10(6) CD8+ T cells allowing mapping of responses to overlapping peptides spanning the HIV-1 genome using IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot). Expansion also reduced the spontaneous IFN-gamma production normally detected in fresh MMC. Piperacillin-tazobactam and amphotericin B reduced contamination of MMC cultures to 4%. Taken together, these methods will be useful for studies of mucosal immunity to HIV-1 and other pathogens during natural infection and following vaccination.
Computational methods for nilsoliton metric Lie algebras I

We introduce a computational method for classifying Lie algebras admitting a nilsoliton inner product in a large subclass of the set of all nilpotent Lie algebras. This method does not rely on any preexisting classifications of nilpotent Lie algebras. The subclass consists of all nilpotent Lie algebras whose associated Nikolayevsky derivation D^N has distinct positive eigenvalues and so that the Gram matrix associated to D^N is nonsingular. We use our method to classify the nilpotent Lie algebras in this class in dimensions 7 and 8 that admit nilsoliton inner products, and we present all such nilsoliton metric Lie algebras. We also classify the nilpotent Lie algebras that do not admit a nilsoliton inner product in the class in dimensions 7 and 8.
Squeezing flow of elastic liquids

Abstract The theoretical analysis is made of the relation between applied force and plate separation for squeezing flows of viscoelastic liquids between closely-spaced parallel disks. The lubrication approximation and the quasi-steady-state assumption are employed in the development. Elastic effects are incorporated through inclusion of normal stresses. Solutions are presented for liquids with power-law viscometric functions, and a numerical procedure is used for fluids having viscometric functions of arbitrary form. For fast and slow squeezing, calculated values of t 1 2 , the time required to squeeze out half the fluid, are found to agree with the constant force data of Leider [1,2].
The Sino-Japanese-Russian Triangle

This paper attempts to understand the relations between three important actors in Northeast Asia — China, Russia, and Japan — since the end of the Cold War. Whereas the political changes attending the collapse of the communist bloc have opened new foreign policy opportunities to all three actors, only China and Russia have been quick to move on them. Japan’s relative inflexibility, attributable to its alliance with the US on the one hand and its territorial dispute with Russia on the other, has had the effect of impeding the application of triangular diplomacy.
Efficient piecewise-linear function approximation using the uniform metric: (preliminary version)

We give an O(nlogn)-time method for finding a best k-link piecewise-linear function approximating an n-point planar data set using the well-known uniform metric to measure the error, e≥0, of the approximation. Our method is based upon new characterizations of such functions, which we exploit to design an efficient algorithm using a plane sweep in “e space” followed by several applications of the parametric searching technique. The previous best running time for this problem was O(n2).
Angular Momentum Transport in Magnetized Stellar Radiative Zones. IV. Ferraro's Theorem and the Solar Tachocline

We consider the circumstances under which the latitudinal differential rotation of the solar convective envelope can (or cannot) be imprinted on the underlying radiative core through the agency of a hypothetical weak, large-scale poloidal magnetic field threading the solar radiative interior. We do so by constructing steady, two-dimensional axisymmetric solutions to the coupled momentum and induction equations under the assumption of a purely zonal flow and time-independent poloidal magnetic field. Our results show that the structure of the interior solutions is entirely determined by the boundary conditions imposed at the core-envelope interface. Specifically, in the high Reynolds number regime a poloidal field having a nonzero component normal to the core-envelope interface can lead to the transmission of significant differential rotation into the radiative interior. In contrast, for a poloidal field that is contained entirely within the radiative core, any differential rotation is confined to a thin magnetoviscous boundary layer located immediately beneath the interface, as well as along the rotation/magnetic axis. We argue that a magnetically decoupled configuration is more likely to be realized in the solar interior. Consequently, the helioseismically inferred lack of differential rotation in the radiative core does not necessarily preclude the existence of a weak, large-scale poloidal field therein. We suggest that such a field may well be dynamically significant in determining the structure of the solar tachocline.
Comparison between the scintigraphic uptake and plasma clearance of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA) for the evaluation of the glomerular filtration rate in dogs.

The scintigraphically measured percentage dose uptake of 99mTc-DTPA by the kidneys and the plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA have been reported to correlate well with inulin clearance. These two parameters were evaluated in seven dogs with known or suspected naturally occurring renal disease and compared to simultaneously measured renal inulin clearance. Correlation between inulin clearance and the 99mTc-DTPA plasma clearance was better (p = .0016) than the correlation between the percentage DTPA uptake by the kidney. It was concluded that measurement of 99mTc-DTPA plasma clearance is a more accurate method to estimate global glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than the percentage kidney uptake.
Isolation of two forms of carboxylester lipase (cholesterol esterase) from porcine pancreas.

Abstract Carboxylester lipase (cholesterol esterase, EC 3.1.1.13) has been purified to homogeneity from porcine pancreas. The enzyme is isolated in two molecular mass forms, a monomer of 74 kDa and a dimer of 167 kDa. The dimer consists of two catalytically-active subunits which have molecular masses approximately 9 kDa greater than the monomers. The difference in size was not attributable to carbohydrate or lipid content. The catalytic properties of the two forms are comparable on a weight basis, the amino acid compositions are quite similar, and the N-terminal sequences are nearly identical for 24 residues. These similarities suggest a possible precursor-product relationship between the two Carboxylester lipase forms.
A 48-year-old man with acute, 'knife-like' rectal pain.

He has lost 90 pounds in the last 9 months and has had white oral plaques, chronic diarrhea, low-grade fever, and anorexia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
The self-obsession of T cells: how TCR signaling thresholds affect fate 'decisions' and effector function

Self-reactivity was once seen as a potential characteristic of T cells that was eliminated by clonal selection to protect the host from autoimmune pathology. It is now understood that the T cell repertoire is in fact broadly self-reactive, even self-centered. The strength with which a T cell reacts to self ligands and the environmental context in which this reaction occurs influence almost every aspect of T cell biology, from development to differentiation to effector function. Here we highlight recent advances and discoveries that relate to T cell self-reactivity, with a particular emphasis on T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling thresholds.
The Staging of Family Treatment: An Approach to Developing the Therapeutic Alliance

Family treatment can be staged in a way that permits the family, a) to deal with their anxiety about treatment, b) relinquish their labelling of the identified patient and identify generalized discomfort, c) explore how each family member participates in family pathology in a complimentary way, d) plan changes in the problem solving mechanism of the family system, and e) relinquish the therapist as the change agent. The conceptualization appears equally applicable to family treatment which is aimed at insight and to treatment which is geared towards the modification of behavior without insight.
An analysis of the mechanical forces in each semicircular canal of the cat under single and combined rotations

The vector equation for the general motion of a body in an inertial system is used to analyze the accelerations in the semicircular canals of the cat when the head undergoes rotation about a vertical axis only, rotation about the naso-occipital axis only, and both rotations simultaneously. The corresponding mean forces and mean pressures in the endolymph are calculated by means of a closed line integral along each canal circumference. The importance of the area of the semicircular canal and of its orientation in space become evident. One can see through this mathematical analysis that the input pattern received by the labyrinthine system depends on a set of well-specified geometrical and mechanical conditions, which must be precisely evaluated in order to interpret the nystagmic outputs.
The DØ silicon tracker

Abstract The upgrade of the DO detector for Run II of the Fermilab collider includes a silicon tracker, a new scintillating-fiber-based central tracking system, a 2 T superconducting solenoid, and scintillator-based preshower detectors. The design and predicted performance of the silicon tracker are described.
Mathematical modeling of through-hole-plating in electrochemical microfabrication. II: Axisymmetric two-dimensional convective mass transfer

Abstract Axisymmetrical, two dimensional mass transfer in a tube and a through-hole was studied. The elliptic convective-diffusion equation was solved numerically by taking into account both the axial and radial diffusion in the entrance region of an infinite tube. The whole mass-transfer region in a tube of finite length was also studied by dividing the domain into several regions according to different mass-transfer mechanisms. A similar analysis is then conducted for a through-hole geometry by assuming a modified Hagen-Poiseuille fluid pattern. Results show that mass-transfer rate in a through-hole is larger than that in a tube by approximately 10%. This is due primarily to faster fluid flow within the concentration boundary layer in a through-hole.
A constitutive theory for progressively deteriorating brittle solids

Abstract Assuming that micro-fracturing is the dominant mode of irreversible micro-structural change, the internal degradation of a brittle material is described by a set of internal variables that reflect the microcrack density and distribution. The kinetic equation for the crack evolution is written assuming the existence of a flow potential (damage surface). Predictions of the theory are compared with the microscopic and macroscopic experimental observations on rock. Also, it is shown that for a fixed crack distribution the symmetry of the stiffness tensor varies with the applied stress.
Venus' rotation and atmospheric tides

VENUS rotates with a period of 243.00 ± 0.04 d retrograde. The obliquity, or angle between the spin vector and orbit vector is 178 ± 1° (ref. 1). Both the long period and the near 180° obliquity suggest that the spin has evolved under the influence of tidal torques. Tides raised by the Sun in the body of Venus would de-spin the planet in ~10^8 yr if no other torques were acting. The final state would be one of synchronous rotation (one side always facing the Sun). So either we are living during the final stages of Venus' tidal evolution, an unlikely circumstance, or else Venus has already reached a stable equilibrium in which other influences balance the solar body tide. It is possible that the Earth has ‘captured’ Venus into a resonance in which the spin period is 243.165 d. However, for this resonance to be a stable equilibrium, either Venus must have a gravitational field that is ~10 times ‘rougher’ than the Earth's, a possibility that is largely ruled out by direct observation, or a third torque must balance the body torque due to the Sun. Tides in the atmosphere driven by periodic solar heating could supply the necessary third torque, but no quantitative theory has previously been published. Such a theory is presented here, in which we argue that the current rotation is a stable balance between atmospheric and solar body tides.
Lymphoma of urethra in patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Primary involvement of the urethra by lymphoma is rare. We report the first case of a primary urethral B-cell lymphoma as the initial manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A fifty-seven-year-old black man was evaluated for obstructive voiding symptoms and bloody urethral discharge. Workup revealed a urethral mass which, on pathologic examination, was a large B-cell lymphoma.
Antegrade continence enema for the treatment of neurogenic constipation and fecal incontinence after spinal cord injury

Abstract Yang CC, Stiens SA. Antegrade continence enema for the treatment of neurogenic constipation and fecal incontinence after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:683-5. Objective: To describe the effects of an antegrade continence enema stoma formed in a paraplegic man with intractable constipation and fecal incontinence. Design: Case report. Setting: Spinal cord injury unit, Veterans Affairs hospital. Participants: Spinal cord injury (SCI) patient with T12 paraplegia. Intervention: Surgical formation of antegrade continence enema stoma. Main Outcome Measures: Time of bowel program care, ease of fecal elimination, safety of procedure. Results: Bowel care time was decreased from 2 hours to 50 minutes daily; 6 bowel medications were discontinued; fecal incontinence was eliminated; and no surgical or medical side effects noted after the procedure. Conclusion: The antegrade continence enema procedure is a safe and effective means of treating intractable constipation and fecal incontinence in the adult SCI patient. This option should be considered for those persons in whom medical management of bowel care has been unsuccessful. © 2000 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Role of comorbidities in locally advanced cervical cancer patients administered preoperative chemoradiation: Impact on outcome and treatment-related complications.

Abstract Aims The study aimed at describing the prevalence, and pattern of comorbidities, as well as their clinical role in a large series of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients triaged to preoperative chemoradiation. Methods The Charlson index (CCI), and the ACE27 index were used to retrospectively evaluate comorbidities in 258 LACC patients: life tables were computed by the Kaplan–Meier method; multivariate analysis was performed by Cox’s regression model. Results A CCI score = 0 was documented in 225 patients (87.2%), while 24 patients (9.3%) had a CCI score = 1, and only 9 patients (3.5%) had a CCI score ≥2. An ACE27 score = 0 was documented in 170 patients (65.9%), and was 1 in 59 patients (22.8%), 2 in 24 patients (9.3%) and 3 in 5 patients (2%). There was no association between the presence of comorbidities and clinico-pathological variables with the exception of a direct association with older age. There was no difference in the distribution of comorbid cases according to the extent of hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. DFS or OS curves did not differ in patients with or without comorbidities according to both indexes. No difference in the distribution of patients with comorbidities according to presence of complications was documented. Conclusions The role of comorbidities in the decision-making process relative to the enrollment of LACC patients into this trimodal therapeutic strategy needs to be established in specifically designed prospective trials.
In-situ fatigue damage monitoring using symbolic dynamic filtering of ultrasonic signals

AbstractThis article presents a data-driven method of pattern identification for in-situ monitoring of fatigue damage in polycrystalline alloys that are commonly used in aerospace structures. The concept is built upon analytic signal space partitioning of ultrasonic data sequences for symbolic dynamic filtering of the underlying information. The statistical patterns of evolving damage are generated for real-time monitoring of the possible structural degradation under fatigue load. The proposed method is capable of detecting small anomalies (i.e. deviations from the nominal condition) in the material microstructure and thereby generating early warnings on damage initiation. The damage monitoring algorithm has been validated on time series data of ultrasonic sensors from a fatigue test apparatus, where the behavioural pattern changes accrue because of the evolving fatigue damage in polycrystalline alloys.
Understanding and Teaching Problem‐Solving in Physics

Summaries English We describe a systematic study of skills for solving problems in basic physics, a domain of practical significance for instruction, but not of prohibitive complexity. Our studies show that an inexperienced student tends to solve a problem by assembling individual equations. By contrast, an expert solves a problem by a process of successive refinements, first describing the main problem features by seemingly vague words or pictures, and only later considering the problem in greater detail in more mathematical language. We have formulated explicit theoretical models with such features and have supported them by some detailed observations of individuals. In addition, experimental instruction incorporating such features seems to improve problem‐solving performance significantly. These investigations yield thus some basic insights into thinking processes effective for problem‐solving. Furthermore, they offer the prospect that these insights can be used to teach students improved problem‐solvi...
The Virtual Construction of Legality: ‘Griefing’ & Normative Order in Second Life

This article examines the construction of legality in a virtual world, seeking to under-stand how informal social order emerges as residents construct meaning around interpersonal conflicts and interact on the basis of such meaning. ‘Griefing’, a form of disruptive behavior common to virtual worlds, provides a lens through which to investigate emergent social norms and boundaries in the virtual world of Second Life. Identifying and distinguishing rhetorical frames in Second Life residents’ understandings of and responses to griefing, the study aims to elucidate the social meaning of griefing and its place in the construction and maintenance of social order.
Ask about ice, then consider iron

AbstractBackground and purpose:The study aims to review a condition defined by the desire to consume ice in order to satisfy an addictive-like compulsion, rather than for purposes of hydration or pain relief. This condition is called ice pica, or pagophagia. Associations between ice pica and iron de
Safety first: A medical amnesty approach to alcohol poisoning at a U.S. university

Despite the minimum legal drinking age of 21 in the United States, alcohol consumption among underage college students is widespread. Patterns of consumption among students often include episodes of heavy drinking that contribute to a range of negative consequences, including alcohol poisoning. Although failure to seek medical assistance in cases of alcohol poisoning can lead to fatal outcomes, evidence suggests that the threat of judicial consequences resulting from enforcement of the minimum drinking age or other law or policy violations leads some students to refrain from calling for emergency medical services. Beginning in the fall of 2002, Cornell University attempted to address this dilemma by implementing a Medical Amnesty Protocol (MAP) designed to: (1) increase the likelihood that students will call for help in alcohol-related medical emergencies; and (2) increase the likelihood that students treated for alcohol-related medical emergencies will receive a brief psycho-educational intervention at the university health centre as a follow-up to their medical treatment. This article provides a case study of the MAP at Cornell University and reviews data from emergency room and health centre records, calls to emergency medical services, and student self-report survey data to evaluate the extent to which the protocol’s goals were achieved during the first two years of implementation. Results include consecutive increases in alcohol-related calls for assistance to emergency medical services during the two-year period. Survey results suggest that, following initiation of the MAP, students were less likely to report fear of getting an intoxicated person in trouble as a barrier to calling for help. Furthermore, the percentage of students seen by health centre staff for a brief psycho-educational intervention after an alcohol-related emergency more than doubled (from 22% to 52%) by the end of the second year. In their discussion, the authors explore the inherent tension between the responsibility of colleges and universities to enforce the minimum legal drinking age of 21 as well as other laws and university policies versus the need to motivate underage students to call for assistance when alcohol-related medical emergencies occur. Recommendations to other colleges and universities considering a medical amnesty approach are provided.
Technical Committee on Digital Signal Processing

At the 1980 ICASSP in Denver an open meeting ofthe Technical Committe on Digital Signal Processing was held. About twenty-five persons, in addition to the regular committee members attended. The purpose ofthe meeting was not regular committee business, but rather to make the history, accomplishments and goals of the Committee known to the general membership. At thesame time, it was intended that new ideas and/or suggestions for projects and/or organization be discussed interactively.
How Self-Regulation Creates Distinct Values: The Case of Promotion and Prevention Decision Making

I propose that different relations among basic components of self-regulation produce distinct types of decision value: (a) Outcome value is produced when the consequences of a decision are relevant to the regulatory orientation of the decision maker, (b) value from fit is produced when goal pursuit means suit the regulatory orientation of the decision maker, and (c) value from proper means is produced when goal pursuit means are in agreement with established rules and normative principles. I use the regulatory focus distinction between promotion focus concerns with aspirations and accomplishments and prevention focus concerns with safety and responsibilities (Higgins, 1997, 1998) to illustrate outcome value and value from fit. Justification of a decision is used to illustrate value from proper means. I propose that decision makers are unlikely to distinguish among their experiences of these 3 types of value, and thus value from fit and value from proper means can be transferred to outcome value. I present evidence of such value transfer and consider its implications for value to the customer. I also reconsider sunk costs and the endowment effect in light of there being value beyond outcome value.
E-FRP with priorities

E-FRP is declarative language for programming resource-bounded, event-driven systems. The original high-level semantics of E-FRP requires that each event handler execute atomically. This requirement facilitates reasoning about EFRP programs, and therefore it is a desirable feature of the language. But the original compilation strategy requires that each handler complete execution before another event can occur. This implementation choice treats all events equally, in that it forces the upper bound on the time needed to respond to any event to be the same. While this is acceptable for many applications, it is often the case that some events are more urgent than others.In this paper, we show that we can improve the compilation strategy without altering the high-level semantics. With this new compilation strategy, we give the programmer more control over responsiveness without taking away the ability to reason about programs at a high level. The programmer controls responsiveness by declaring priorities for events, and the compilation strategy produces code that uses preemption to enforce these priorities. We show that the compilation strategy enjoys the same properties as the original strategy, with the only change being that the programmer reasons modulo permutations on the order of event arrivals.
Indirect Searches for Very Heavy Quarks

Detailed studies of weak decays can reveal the presence of very massive quanta like heavy top quarks or fourth family quarks. The decay K+ --) ?~+vP and Bd - Ba mixing are particularly promising fields for such searches. We infer a rather conservative lower limit of 70 GeV on the top mass from recent ARGUS data on Bd - Bd mixing; near-maximal B, - Bd mixing is another consequence. If on the other hand top were detected in Z” decays, then the presence of New Physics would be established in B” decays. The ratio between r(B”) and r(B*) is of considerable phenomenological relevance here.
A Macroprolactin Level Today May Keep Health Care Cost and the Surgical Knife at Bay

Measurement of serum prolactin is required when assessing adolescents with menstrual disturbances to determine the presence of HPL. The etiologies of HPL are diverse, as shown in Table 1. Aside from the causes of true HPL, between 15% and 46% of samples from patients with HPL, the high prolactin levels can be skewed by the presence of macroprolactin. Macroprolactinemia is a benign, nonpathologic condition that is an often over-looked cause of HPL.
High resolution diffusion tensor imaging of axonal damage in focal inflammatory and demyelinating lesions in rat spinal cord

Inflammation, demyelination, gliosis and axonal degeneration are pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Axonal damage is thought to contribute to irreversible damage and functional impairment, but is difficult to quantify. Conventional MRI has been used to assess the inflammatory and demyelinating aspects of MS lesions, but more sensitive and specific methods are needed to identify axonal damage to monitor disease progression and to determine efficacy of putative neuroprotective agents. We used high resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fibre tracking to examine the spinal cord in rats with focal dorsal column inflammatory or demyelinating lesions to determine whether DTI measures can be used to detect pathology at the site of the focal lesion and to measure axonal damage in tracts distal to the focal lesion. Distant from the focal lesion, total axon counts, degenerating axon counts and SMI-31 staining, but not Luxol fast blue staining, were significantly correlated with fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity, all of which are derived from the DTI data. These data suggest that high resolution DTI may be a more sensitive method than conventional imaging for detecting axonal damage at sites distant from inflammation.
Extrahepatic hepatitis C virus after transplantation: Diabetes and renal dysfunction

1. Insulin resistance is associated with hepatitis C virus infection and plays a role in the progression of hepatitis C virus-related liver disease and fibrosis. 2. Treating insulin resistance and achieving glycemic control will be important for improving post-liver transplant morbidity and mortality: control of the hepatitis C virus will help to accomplish this. 3. The main renal complication of hepatitis C virus is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and this occurs most commonly in the setting of mixed cryoglobulinemia.
Research Note---The Benefits of Personalized Pricing in a Channel

In this note, we explore channel interactions in an information-intensive environment where the retailer can implement personalized pricing and the manufacturer can leverage both personalized pricing and entry into a direct distribution channel. We study whether a retailer can benefit from personalized pricing and how upstream personalized pricing or entry into a direct distribution channel affects the allocation of channel profit. We find that the retailer is worse off because of its own or upstream personalized pricing, even when the retailer is a monopoly. However, it may still be optimal for the retailer to embrace personalized pricing in order to reap the strategic benefit of deterring the manufacturer from selling direct and targeting end consumers.
Epidermoid carcinoma of the penis.

Summary— One hundred and twenty-two cases of penile carcinoma at the Medical University of South Carolina from 1945 to 1 979 have been analysed. The age and race distribution of these patients, initial clinical staging and surgical treatment have been recorded. In addition, clinical inguinal involvement, results of inguinal lymphadenectomy and survival data based on retrospective staging are listed. The role of adjunctive lymphadenectomy is discussed and the importance of pelvic lymphadenectomy in addition to inguinal node dissection is emphasised. A treatment plan is outlined for the management of penile carcinoma in order to increase survival without increasing patient morbidity.
Monolithically integrated Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode/CMOS demonstrating low voltage MOBILE operation

The first demonstration of the monolithic integration of CMOS and Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITD) with negative differential resistance (NDR) is reported in this paper. The Si/SiGe RITDs exhibited a peak-tovalley current ratio (PVCR) up to 2.8 and peak current density (Jp) of 0.26 kA/cm 2 at room temperature. This study focused on the utilization of a pair of tunnel diodes connected in series to form a latch. Employing a FET to supply current into the latch, a RITD/NMOS monostable–bistable transition logic element (MOBILE) was realized. The latch exhibited a voltage swing of 84% at an applied supply voltage of 0.5 V. This logic element enables low voltage operation for high density circuit design of embedded memory.
Pharmacotherapy of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common rheumatic disorder of childhood, and is defined as arthritis beginning prior to the age of 16 years, lasting more than 6 weeks, with an unknown cause. Seven subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis have recently been categorized and named. These subtypes differ broadly in the number of affected joints and the presence of systemic illness. Although many children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis may achieve remission prior to entering adulthood, many others will continue to have debilitating disease into adulthood. Pharmacotherapy plays a major role in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids can be beneficial for many children and are used as initial therapy. Methotrexate may offer benefits to children unresponsive to these initial agents. Studies evaluating the use of several biologic agents and immunosuppressants have recently been published, and the role of these drugs for children with ju...
High-Mg, low-Al bulk composition of the Talkeetna island arc, Alaska: Implications for primary magmas and the nature of arc crust

Major- and trace-element mass-balance calculations were used to determine the bulk composition of the Jurassic Talkeetna island arc (Talkeetna Formation and Border Ranges mafic and ultramafic complex) of south-central Alaska. A representative section of the arc was chosen near Tonsina, Alaska, where a cross section of the arc exposes 18% ultramafic cumulate rocks (dunites, wehrlites, and pyroxenites), 16% lower gabbroic (garnet- and spinel-bearing) rocks, 34% upper gabbroic to tonalitic rocks, and 32% volcanic rocks (tuffs and flows). Mass-balance calculations for the Talkeetna arc yield a high-Mg basaltic bulk composition with REE abundances approximately 8x chondrites and La/Yb ∼1.8. The bulk composition is high in mafic components (MgO = 11.3 wt. %, Ni = 247 ppm, Cr = 723 ppm) and is compatible with derivation by partial melting of a mantle-wedge source. It is too mafic and too poor in Al 2 O 3 (15 wt. %) to have been derived by partial melting of subducted oceanic crust. High-alumina basaltic compositions are present within the arc as fractionates after crystallization of dunite and pyroxenite; however, they do not represent primary magmas parental to the arc. This finding supports the idea that the mass flux of magma from mantle to crust in island arc regions is high Mg, not high Al, in composition. The arc is stratified with respect to composition and density, with a dense ultramafic to mafic cumulate lower crust, a mafic to intermediate plutonic middle crust, and a mafic to silicic plutonic and extrusive upper crust. The presence of a highly dense, deformed, ultramafic, and garnet-bearing lower crust in this arc suggests that lower crustal delamination may be a viable mechanism for removing a highly mafic component from island arc crust.
Charting the Fate of the “Good Cholesterol”: Identification and Characterization of the High-Density Lipoprotein Receptor SR-BI

▪ Abstract Risk for cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis increases with increasing concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and is inversely proportional to the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The receptor-mediated control of plasma LDL levels has been well understood for over two decades and has been a focus for the pharmacologic treatment of hypercholesterolemia. In contrast, the first identification and characterization of a receptor that mediates cellular metabolism of HDL was only recently reported. This receptor, called scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), is a fatty acylated glycoprotein that can cluster in caveolae-like domains on the surfaces of cultured cells. SR-BI mediates selective lipid uptake from HDL to cells. The mechanism of selective lipid uptake is fundamentally different from that of classic receptor-mediated endocytic uptake via coated pits and vesicles (e.g. the LDL receptor pathway) in that it involves efficient receptor-media...
Supraclavicular Approach for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

The authors' experience with the supraclavicular approach for the treatment of patients with primary thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and for patients with recurrent TOS or iatrogenic brachial plexus injury after prior transaxillary first rib resection is presented. The records of 33 patients (34 plexuses) with TOS who presented for evaluation and treatment were analyzed. Of these, 12 (35%) plexuses underwent surgical treatment, and 22 (65%) plexuses were managed non-operatively. The patients who were treated non-operatively and had an adequate follow-up (n = 11) were used as a control group. Of the 12 surgically treated patients, five patients underwent primary surgery; four patients had secondary surgery for recurrent TOS; and three patients had surgery for iatrogenic brachial plexus injury. All patients presented with severe pain, and most of them had neurologic symptoms. All nine (100%) patients who underwent primary surgery (n = 5) and secondary surgery for recurrent TOS (n = 4) demonstrated excellent or good results. On the other hand, six (54%) of the 11 patients from the control group had some benefit from the non-operative treatment. Reoperation in three patients with iatrogenic brachial plexus injury resulted in good result in one case and in fair results in two patients; however, all patients were pain-free. No complications were encountered. Supraclavicular exploration of the brachial plexus enables precise assessment of the contents of the thoracic inlet area. It allows for safe identification and release of all abnormal anatomical structures and complete first rib resection with minimal risk to neurovascular structures. Additionally, this approach allows for the appropriate nerve reconstruction in cases of prior transaxillary iatrogenic plexus injury.
Design of active-site-directed fluorescent probes and their reactions with biopolymers.

Fluorescent probes which are active-site-directed, reversible, competitive inhibitors of serum cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes have been designed and synthesized. Reversible inhibitors of enzyme active sites have a unique importance when they act as fluorescent probes, allowing fluorescence spectroscopic detection of conformation changes and activesite dynamics. 5-Dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonamido-N,N-dimethyl-n-propyl-amine and its aliphatic quaternary derivative are fluorescent probes for serum cholinesterase. The quaternary probe forms complexes with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The dissociation constants Kd for the two probes with serum ChE are 6.0 × 10−7 and 6.5 × 10−7M. The inhibition constants Ki are 3.1 × 10−6 and 6.3 × 10−6M from the slopes of Lineweaver-Burk plots. The Michelis constant Km for the enzyme was 8.8 × 10−4M.
Measure-Dependent Stochastic Nonlinear Beam Equations Driven by Fractional Brownian Motion

We study a class of nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations arising in the mathematical modeling of the transverse motion of an extensible beam in the plane. Nonlinear forcing terms of functional-type and those dependent upon a family of probability measures are incorporated into the initial-boundary value problem (IBVP), and noise is incorporated into the mathematical description of the phenomenon via a fractional Brownian motion process. The IBVP is subsequently reformulated as an abstract second-order stochastic evolution equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) dependent upon a family of probability measures in a real separable Hilbert space and is studied using the tools of cosine function theory, stochastic analysis, and fixed-point theory. Global existence and uniqueness results for mild solutions, continuous dependence estimates, and various approximation results are established and applied in the context of the model.
CMOS inverters for ammonia/amine sensors

When detecting an analyte with organic electronic materials, there may be two or more materials that provide different types of responses. These materials can be integrated into an inverter or amplifier device configuration to exploit a synergistic response for increased selectivity and/or sensitivity. The detection of ammonia and amines with p-type and n-type materials is one example of this principle.
Toll-Like Receptor 9 Signaling Is Critical for Early Experimental Deep Vein Thrombosis Resolution

Objective—Toll-like receptors (TLR) bridge innate immunity and host responses, including inflammation. Sterile inflammation such as a venous thrombus (Vt) may involve TLR signaling, including TLR9. Methods and Results—TLR9 signaling on thrombus resolution was investigated using a mouse model of stasis Vt. Vt were significantly larger in TLR9−/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) at 2 and 8 days, despite a 2-fold increase in thrombus polymorphonucleic neutrophils at 2 days and monocytes at 8 days, whereas thrombus collagen and neovascularization was 55% and 37% less, respectively, at 8 days. Coincidently, decreased fibrinogen and increased thrombin-antithrombin complex were observed in TLR9−/− mouse thrombi. Vein wall interferon-α, interleukin-1α, and interleukin-2 were significantly reduced in TLR9−/− mice compared with WT. Thrombus cell death pathway markers were not significantly altered at 2 days, but caspase-1 was reduced in TLR9−/− thrombi at 8 days. MyD88 confers TLR9 intracellular signaling, but MyD...
Intellectual Property Law Without Secrets

Secrecy, particularly effective secrecy, is on the wane, and with it, archaic forms of lawmaking must similarly be reconsidered and discarded. This essay posits that international negotiations regarding intellectual property (IP) laws like the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) and Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), and any future international IP lawmaking procedures, lessen the adherence to a theory of secret negotiations and embrace the inevitable and desirable need for the public to ask questions and offer meaningful input. The risk of attempting to continue on the current course, futile or not, pretending that secrecy is desirable, is erosion in the relevance of and confidence in IP law as a legitimate and effective form of regulation, as already seen in the death throes associated with ACTA.
“Weak Links” of the Pediatric Skeleton: Common Foci for Disease and Trauma. Part 2—Areas of Weakness Beyond Bone and Cartilage Transitions

In this article, we review recent updates in the radiologic imaging of injuries to the pediatric skeleton. While part 1 focused on areas of weakness at cartilage–bone interfaces, part 2 focuses on other areas of the developing skeleton that are uniquely susceptible to injury. Over the past 5 years new and interesting research has helped us better understand the disease processes and how to image these “weak links.” These cartilage–bone interfaces are unique to the pediatric skeleton, and an understanding of this anatomy is critical in the performance and interpretation of pediatric musculoskeletal imaging examinations.
Roving Librarians:Â Taking it to the Streets

The idea of the roving librarian on a college campus is not new.Â This mobile information service allows students, faculty, staff, and community library users access to personalized information service in a variety of areas and promotes library service.Â A roving librarian project gives librarians the time to focus on serving patrons as individuals rather than on the building as the primary resource.Â It also allows librarians the opportunity to have formal and informal conversations with students which can enhance information services. Roving may well contribute to the retention of community college students and may also serve to strengthen the quality of studentsâ€™ educational experiences and aid in their academic success.
The mitochondrial outer membrane protein MDI promotes local protein synthesis and mtDNA replication

Abstract Early embryonic development features rapid nuclear DNA replication cycles, but lacks mtDNA replication. To meet the high‐energy demands of embryogenesis, mature oocytes are furnished with vast amounts of mitochondria and mtDNA. However, the cellular machinery driving massive mtDNA replication in ovaries remains unknown. Here, we describe a Drosophila AKAP protein, MDI that recruits a translation stimulator, La‐related protein (Larp), to the mitochondrial outer membrane in ovaries. The MDI‐Larp complex promotes the synthesis of a subset of nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial proteins by cytosolic ribosomes on the mitochondrial surface. MDI‐Larp9s targets include mtDNA replication factors, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, and electron‐transport chain subunits. Lack of MDI abolishes mtDNA replication in ovaries, which leads to mtDNA deficiency in mature eggs. Targeting Larp to the mitochondrial outer membrane independently of MDI restores local protein synthesis and rescues the phenotypes of mdi mutant flies. Our work suggests that a selective translational boost by the MDI‐Larp complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane might be essential for mtDNA replication and mitochondrial biogenesis during oogenesis.