cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GRADES II AND III MENINGIOMAS ARE RARE IN THE CRANIAL BASE AND SPINE

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess a possible relationship between the tumor location and the incidence of World Health Organization (WHO) Grades II and III meningiomas. METHODS: A retrospective review of 794 consecutive patients who underwent meningioma resection between January 1991 and March 2004 was conducted. Among these, 47 patients (5.9%) with WHO Grade II meningiomas and 16 patients (2%) with Grade III meningiomas were further analyzed. Tumor location was assessed using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans and/or operative reports. Histological grading was done according to the WHO 2000 Classification scheme. RESULTS: WHO Grade II tumors were found in eight out of 289 (2.8%) cranial base meningiomas and in zero spinal meningiomas, compared with 39 out of 429 (9.1%) non-cranial base meningiomas. Grade III histology was encountered in two (0.7%) cranial base tumors and in one out of 76 (1.3%) spinal tumors, compared with 13 (3%) non-cranial base tumors. The combined incidence of Grades II and III meningiomas was significantly lower in the cranial base (3.5%) and spinal (1.3%) locations compared with non-cranial base locations (12.1%) (P < 0.001), CONCLUSION: WHO Grades II and III meningiomas occur far less frequently in the cranial base and spinal locations. Tumors arising from these locations may have different mechanisms of tumorigenesis and/or progression compared with meningiomas arising from other (non-cranial base) regions.
A refractory HIMU component in the sources of island-arc magma

THE strontium, neodymium and lead isotopic compositions of most island-arc magmas seem to require a component in the source region with the characteristics of ocean-island basalts (OIB)1–5. In contrast, however, the trace-element compositions of arc magmas and OIB do not match: OIB sources are highly enriched in incompatible elements, whereas island-arc basalts are depleted in high-field-strength and light rare-earth elements. Peridotite that has undergone an episode of melting, and hence depletion of incompatible elements, is an appropriate source for island-arc basalts6,7. I have previously proposed that an OIB component with the characteristics of the mantle endmember HIMU8 (notably, high U/Pb ratio) is present in arc magmas of the Mariana Island region (Philippine Sea). Here I show, using isotopic comparisons of Philippine Sea arc and basin magmas, including the highly magnesian lavas known as boninites, that this HIMU component is refractory and is selectively incorporated into the depleted mantle lithosphere during extraction of mid-ocean-ridge basalt and back-arc-basin basalt. This process creates the mixture of depleted and OIB-source mantle required for island-arc basalt.
Personal Carbon Monoxide Exposures Among Firefighters at Prescribed Forest Burns in the Southeastern United States

Exposure to combustion products from wildland fires causes respiratory irritation and decreased lung function among firefighters. The authors evaluated carbon monoxide (CO) exposures of a group of wildland firefighters who conducted prescribed burns in the southeastern United States of America. A total of 149 person-days of samples were collected using data logging CO monitors. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on job tasks and self-reported smoke exposure. Overall, the highest exposures were seen amongst firefighters assigned to holding and mop-up tasks (geometric mean [GM]: 2.6 ppm), whereas the lowest were associated with lighting and jobs such as burn boss (GM: 1.6 and 0.3 ppm, respectively). The self-reported smoke exposure showed a significant linear trend with increasing CO exposure. The numbers of acres burned or burn duration, however, were not good predictors of exposure.
Mutuality's prospective beneficial effects on inflammation in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective Supportive close relationships are important for health. Mutuality, the reciprocal sharing of thoughts and feelings in close relationships, is linked with better outcomes for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in cross-sectional data. Hypothesizing that mutuality has a beneficial impact on inflammation, we tested potentially causal relations of couple mutuality with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in prospective data. Methods Female patients with RA (n = 70; mean age 57 years, mean RA disease duration 5 years) completed questionnaires at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, including measures of mutuality, RA flares, and negative affect. ESR laboratory values available near questionnaire dates were collected from medical charts. Using regression, we examined cross-lagged effects of mutuality and ESR over the two 6-month time spans (baseline to 6 months, 6 months to 12 months). We anticipated that mutuality would exert lagged inverse effects on subsequent ESR levels, and that ESR would have no effect on subsequent mutuality levels. Results After controlling for lagged effects of earlier inflammation, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, antiinflammatory drugs, RA flares, and negative affect, mutuality's lagged inverse effects over both time spans accounted for unique variance in subsequent levels of ESR, explaining 9% at 6 months and 12.5% at 12 months. Concomitantly, earlier ESR had no effect on subsequent mutuality. Conclusion Patients with RA reporting more mutuality had less inflammation at subsequent time points, but inflammation had no effect on subsequent reports of mutuality. This suggests that mutuality exerts a beneficial effect on inflammation. Clinical implications and potential applications are discussed.
Displacement history of the Northern Arm Fault, and its bearing on the post-Taconic evolution of north-central Newfoundland

Abstract The Northern Arm Fault is a northeast trending late Paleozoic fault which, together with the Reach and Cape Ray Faults, separates the Exploits and Botwood tectontratigraphic zones of Newfoundland. Kinematic indicators reveal a dextral strike slip sense of motion. Although previous studies have suggested that the Northern Arm-Reach Fault system represents the suture marking the former position of an ocean which closed during the Devonian Acadian Orogeny, the presence of identical pre-Acadian lithologies and similar deformation histories on either side of the fault suggest otherwise. Alternatively, we suggest that the Northern Arm Fault system represents a major wrench zone, which developed within the Taconic- and Acadian-modified margin of North rn America in response to oblique subduction of the oceanic tract between North America and Gondwana. Analysis of Silurian sedimentary and volcanic sequences of the Botwood and Windsor Point Groups, which occur in right-steps along this fault system, suggests that they formed in pull-apart basins during an earlier episode of strike slip faulting. We relate this phase of motion to oblique subduction of the Acadian Ocean beneath North America during the Silurian and early Devonian, leading to the Acadian Orogeny.
Haemoglobin biosynthesis during in vitro maturation of the rat reticulocyte.

Summary. The relationship of changes in cellular iron uptake, haem and globin synthesis in the maturing reticulocyte was studied during in vivo maturation of rat reticulocytes produced after phlebotomy. Cellular iron uptake and haem synthesis declined at a more rapid rate than did globin synthesis. During maturation there was a uniform loss of all ribosomal classes and [14C]leucine incorporation studies indicated a decreased time for polypeptide chain synthesis per polysome. These observations support the postulate that globin synthesis is controlled by the availability of haem, the latter in turn being dependent on the availability of iron. The following sequence of events in the maturing reticulocyte is suggested: first, there is a loss of the capacity of the reticulocyte to take up iron leading to cessation of haem synthesis. Depletion of available haem then results in either an accumulation of globin, which by a feedback mechanism suppresses further globin synthesis, or an activation of reticulocyte ribonuclease which breaks down the polyribosome-mRNA complex, making further protein synthesis impossible.
A computational study of conformers of 1,3-dioxane (1,3-dioxacyclohexane)

Abstract Ab initio molecular orbital theory with the 6-31G(d), 6-31G(d,p) and 6-31G+G(d) basis sets and the hybrid density functionals B3P86, B3LYP, and B3PW91 have been used to study the energy differences (ΔE), conformational enthalpies (ΔH0), entropies (ΔS0), and free energies (ΔG0) and structural parameters of conformers of 1,3-dioxane (1,3-dioxacyclohexane). The chair conformer of 1,3-dioxane has been shown to be 4.67±0.31 kcal/mol (HF) and 5.19±0.8 kcal/mol (DFT) more stable than the 2,5-twist conformer. The 1,4-twist structure of 1,3-dioxane is 1.36±0.12 kcal/mol (HF) and 1.0 kcal/mol (DFT) higher in energy than the 2,5-twist conformer. The calculated conformational free energy values (ΔGc–t0=4.85±0.08 (MP2) and 5.14±0.08 kcal/mol (DFT)) at 298 K between the chair and the 2,5-twist structures for 1,3-dioxane were smaller than some experimentally reported ΔGc–t0 values from substituted 1,3-dioxanes. Hyperconjugative stereoelectronic interactions ( n O → σ C – Hax ∗ , n O → σ C 5– H eq ∗ , σ C – O → σ C 5– H eq ∗ , σ C 5– H eq → σ C – O ∗ , σ C – Hax →σ C – Hax ∗ , homoanomeric n O → σ C 5– H eq ∗ ) for carbon–hydrogen bonds have been observed in the chair, 2,5-twist, and 1,4-twist conformers of 1,3-dioxane.
Radiance Functions of Partially Coherent Fields

Abstract The behaviour of the spectral radiance in fields generated by planar, secondary, quasi-homogeneous sources is investigated. Examples are presented which show how both the spectral intensity and the degree of coherence of the source affect the spatial and the angular distribution of the spectral radiance. These examples clearly show the influence of source coherence on the radiometric behaviour of partially coherent optical fields.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a series from an epilepsy surgery program and speculation on the relationship to sudden cardiac death.

SummarySudden unexpected death represents a significant cause of mortality in people with epilepsy. It derives this significance not because it is the most frequent cause of death but because it is apparently a direct consequence of a seizure. The implication is that epilepsy is an inherently lethal
Self-Regulation and Adaptation of Leisure Activities Among Adults with Arthritis

This study explores the self-regulation and adaptation of leisure activities among adults with arthritis. A pilot study was conducted with a diverse sample of 178 adults to examine how their arthritis affects leisure involvement and health (physical, emotional, and social). Results from this study indicate that adults use strategies associated with the model of selective optimization with compensation (SOC) to adapt and self-regulate their leisure activities. In this study, use of each dimension of SOC with the exception of loss-based selection was associated with positive health outcomes. Our findings suggest that use of these strategies varies by individuals' resources and marital status.
Surface Electronic Structure of p-type GaN(0001)

The surface electronic structure of p-type wurtzite GaN(0001) 1×1 grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been investigated using synchrotron radiation excited angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Four discrete surface states were clearly identified and characterized. All the states were removed by exposure of the surface to atomic hydrogen. Three of the states were of pz orbital character, while the fourth is derived from s orbitals. Three of the surface states lie below the bulk valence band maximum throughout the surface Brillouin zone, and one surface state was observed to disperse into the bulk optical band gap. Comparison with theory suggests that this surface state is Ga-derived, consistent with a model of Ga-terminated, but N polar, GaN. The other three surface states compare well with states observed earlier from n-type GaN.
New line of low-voltage air circuit breakers

ANEW LINE OF AIR CIRCUIT breakers, having interrupting ratings of 50,000, 75,000, and 100,000 amperes, has been developed to meet the requirements of modern low-voltage electric systems.
Environment-sensitive Labels in Multiplex Fluorescence Analyses of Protein-DNA Complexes

Fluorescein is widely used for protein labeling because of its high extinction coefficient and fluorescence emission quantum yield. However, its emission is readily quenched by various pathways. We exploit these properties of fluorescein to examine the self-association of a DNA binding protein and determine the amount of the protein in gel-shifted complexes with specific DNA. A construct (HSFDT385SH) of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF) was expressed that contains the DNA-binding and trimerization domains, residues 192-385 of HSF, with four additional COOH-terminal residues, GMLC, and then labeled at the COOH-terminal cysteine with fluorescein 5-maleimide to form HSFDT385-Fl. The fluorescence increase accompanying the formation of heterotrimers on titration of HSFDT385-Fl with HSFDT385SH) led to an estimate of 3 × 10−16 M2 for the equilibrium constant for trimerization of HSFDT385SH. HSFDT385-Fl fluorescence also increased 1.7-fold on binding to specific DNA, but not to nonspecific DNA. The protein and DNA content of the several gel-shifted complexes of HSFDT385-Fl (λmaxem 532 nm) with specific DNA labeled noncovalently with the energy transfer heterodimer TOTAB (λmaxem 658 nm) were accurately determined by a two-color fluorescence emission assay with 488 nm excitation.
Diagnostic dilemmas in pancreatic pathology

The increase in high-resolution abdominal imaging has reportedly caused an increase in the recognition of pancreatic tumours, often at smaller sizes. In addition, these tumours are often sampled by needle biopsy and/or fine needle aspiration prior to definitive therapy, resulting in pathologists being asked to evaluate small samples of a much larger tumour. This lecture will highlight the clinical and pathological features of problematic pancreatic tumours, including cystic lesions and neuroendocrine tumours.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) regulates the size, reactivity, and function of a primed pool of CD4+ T cells.

We examined how cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) regulates heterogeneous CD4+ T cell responses by using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a CD4+ T cell-mediated disease that is subject to regulation by CTLA-4. Disease incidence and severity were used as measures of in vivo CD4+ T cell responses. The frequency, cytokine production, and reactivity of primed T cells were determined from animals immunized with proteolipid protein (PLP)-139–151 (disease agonist), PLP-Q (disease antagonist), or both peptides, and treated with control or anti-CTLA-4 antibody to analyze the responding population. CTLA-4 blockade exacerbated disease in PLP-139–151-primed animals and overcame disease antagonism in coimmunized animals, but did not permit disease induction in PLP-Q-primed animals. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis enhancement was associated with increased frequencies of cytokine-producing cells and increased ratios of IFN-γ to IL-4 secretors responsive to PLP-139–151. Priming with PLP-Q elicited IL-4 and IL-2, but not IFN-γ secretors cross-reactive with PLP-139–151. Strikingly, CTLA-4 blockade was found to decrease rather than increase the frequencies of cross-reactive IL-4 and IL-2 secretors. Thus, CTLA-4 engagement limits the size, but increases the breadth, of reactivity of a primed pool of CD4+ T cells, consequently regulating its function.
Predicting computer run-time for the Barnes–Hut multipole method for electromagnetic scattering

Abstract This paper presents a novel simple methodology for quickly predicting and optimizing computer run-time for the Barnes–Hut multipole method for boundary element electromagnetic scattering problems. The methodology is easily extended to other multipole methods (e.g. Greengard–Rokhlin) and to other physics. The novel idea is to simply count the number of element-cell interactions, number of direct element–element interactions, and the number of cell multipole expansion creations (each expansion weighted by the number of elements in the cell), and then finally combine these three results with the associated unit costs to obtain the total computer run-time to perform a single matrix–vector multiply. By counting operations instead of actually performing them, the time to predict the computer run-time is orders of magnitude smaller than the time to actually perform the associated calculations. This new approach allows for very quick optimization of parameters, such as the maximum number of elements in a final generation cell of the tree. Numerical examples are presented herein in which the rate of return (time saved over time spent finding optimal parameter values) is significantly more than two orders of magnitude.
Antigens Specified by the Tla Locus Are Expressed on the Surface of Murine Langerhans Cells

A monoclonal antibody against the murine thymus leukemia antigen TL, was employed to demonstrate the presence of the antigen on the surface of dendritic cells in murine epidermis of Tla-posItive strains, B.10A and A.TH. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining of EDTA-separated epidermal sheets demonstrated dendritic cells with a distribution pattern and density comparable to that noted for anti-IA k staining. Tla-negative mouse strains such as A.TL, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6 did not show any staining of dendritic epidermal cells. Epidermal cell suspensions similarly contained 2–4% cells with discrete surface staining with anti-TL antibody. Capping was noted in these cells. Once again positive results were noted only in appropriate Tla-positive strains. Control staining was carried out in all cases on frozen sections of thymii from mice. Thymocytes in the conical zones and some dendritic cells at the corticomedullary junction were stained. TL antigen in mouse appears to be analogous to T-6 antigen previously detected on human Langerhans cells.
Hyperkalemia Induced T Wave Oversensing Leading to Loss of Biventricular Pacing and Inappropriate ICD Shocks

Inappropriate ICD shocks remain a common problem. Double counting of single ventricular events can occur with biventricular ICDs implanted before univentricular sensing was available. Often this is due to a tachyarrhythmia or loss of left ventricular capture. This report describes a patient who developed hyperkalemia during hemodialysis, received inappropriate ICD shocks and experienced loss of biventricular pacing due to T wave rather than QRS double counting. Oversensing was abolished by reducing the potassium content of the dialysis bath. This underscores the need for careful interpretation of saved electrograms to determine the cause for, and appropriate treatment of, device related problems.
Effect of body mass index on in vitro fertilization outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective The objective of the investigation was to study the effect of body mass index (BMI) on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes within a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) population. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study including 101 cycles from 79 women younger than 40 years old with a clinically documented diagnosis of PCOS by Rotterdam criteria undergoing IVF at a university-based infertility clinic from 2001 through 2010. All participants were stratified by BMI calculated from height and weight recorded within 3 months of cycle start: lean (18.7-24.9 kg/m 2 , n = 51), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m 2 , n = 19), and obese (≥30 kg/m 2 , n = 31). Linear, logistic, and Poisson regressions were used as appropriate to estimate the effect of a range of BMIs on IVF outcomes while adjusting for potential confounders. Results Obese PCOS women had 69% lower odds of clinical pregnancy per cycle start (odds ratio [OR], 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.86; P = .02) and 77% lower odds of clinical pregnancy per embryo transfer (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, –0.08 to 0.68; P = .008) compared with lean PCOS women. Among obese PCOS women, the odds of live birth were 71% lower per cycle start (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10–0.84; P = .02) and 77% lower per embryo transfer (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07–0.71; P = .01) compared with lean PCOS women. There was a trend toward decreased ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome incidence with increasing BMI among women with PCOS: 19.6% in lean, 10.5% in overweight, and 3.2% in obese. Conclusion PCOS is a broad syndrome, with our results demonstrating 2 distinct populations, lean and obese, which have different IVF outcomes including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome risk profiles. This information is important for clinicians because it informs treatment decisions.
Immobilization of Copper, Lead, and Tungsten in Mixed Munitions Firing Range–Contaminated Soils by Various Amendments

Batch and column leaching tests were conducted to assess the simultaneous stabilization of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and tungsten (W) in eight representative contaminated firing range soils in the United States using various amendments. The amendments included granulated ferric oxide (GFO), granulated titanium dioxide (GTD), Pahokee peat soil (PPS), Gascoyne leonardite soil (GLS), Elliot silty loam soil (ESLS), calcium phosphate monobasic (CPM), and apatite II. The metal oxides and the organic soil amendments were applied at a dosage of 10%, and phosphates were applied at phosphorus to lead (P/Pb) molar ratio of 1.8. The experimental results indicated that GFO was superior to all materials tested for simultaneously stabilizing Cu, Pb, and W during the batch leaching tests. Flow-through column tests were conducted for one of the soil samples to test the effectiveness of GFO to immobilize Cu, Pb, and W. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, and W were significantly reduced in the effluent of the amended soil columns ...
Hepatic pathology in porphyria cutanea tarda

We examined clinical and laboratory data and the liver pathology of 48 patients in whom porphyria cutanea tarda was related to alcohol ingestion, estrogen use and pregnancy, or was idiopathic. Biochemical test results, when abnormal, tended to be mild in most cases, with less than two-fold elevations of serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase and mild hyperbilirubinemia. Fatty change, liver cell and Kupffer cell hemosiderosis and glycogenation of hepatocyte nuclei were frequent histologic findings in the 58 liver specimens studied. Alcoholic hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were uncommon. Granuloma-like lobular aggregates consisting of iron- and ceroid-laden Kupffer cells, chronic inflammatory cells and fat droplets ("lobular lesions of porphyria cutanea tarda") were found in nearly two-thirds of specimens and appeared to be the most characteristic form of parenchymal damage in this form of porphyria. These lesions may be associated with pericentral fibrosis in alcoholic as well as estrogen-treated patients and may remit following therapeutic phlebotomy.
Factors determining the abundance and distribution of rodents in a shrub-steppe ecosystem: the role of shrubs.

This study addressed the relative importances of shrub “resources” on a rodent community in a sagebrush dominated shrub-steppe ecosystem in southwestern Wyoming. Direct effects of shrubs (i.e., providing rodents with “food and cover”) were assessed by removing shrubs from a 1.25 ha study plot and monitoring both rodent populations and their food resources. Shrub architecture and shrub-related food resources were found to be unimportant to deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus), Great Basin pocket mice (Perognathus parvus) northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) and Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus), as shrub removal caused no significant changes in population sizes, sex ratios or age structure. Least chipmunks (Eutamias minimus) responded to shrub removal by leaving the plot and moving into adjacent shrubland. The montane vole (Microtus montanus) population showed a slight increase following shrub removal. Shrub removal did not alter the abundance of major rodent food resources on the plot (percent cover of herbaceous vegetation, soil seed reserves and ground-dwelling arthropods). Micrometeorological data suggested that shrubs did not significantly ameliorate a nocturnal rodent's micro-climate, but may have affected diurnal rodents' thermal loading rates by removing shade. While shrub architecture and food resources do not directly affect most of the rodents in this shrub-steppe ecosystem, shrubs may be important to rodents in a long-term time frame. Shrubs provide “safe sites” for germination and growth of herbaceous vegetation, thereby enhancing the diversity of the potential rodent food resources.
Exploring the personality of sportswear brands

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the personalities that are associated with sportswear brands and tests the applicability of Aaker's brand personality framework in the context of sportswear brands. Design/methodology/approach – This study employed Aaker's brand personality framework to empirically investigate the personality of sportswear brands based on data collected from 420 college students. Findings – Results revealed that consumers perceive seven distinct personality dimensions and 53 personality traits in sportswear brands: Competence, Attractiveness, Sincerity, Innovation, Activity, Excitement, and Ruggedness. Originality/value – This research developed a valid and reliable scale that measures personality for sportswear products and confirms that consumers do associate particular brand personality dimensions with sportswear brands. The findings would help managers in the sportswear market better understand the image of their brand in the minds of consumers and better distinguish ...
Creating highly amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay signals from genetically engineered bacteriophage.

Abstract For early detection of many diseases, it is critical to be able to diagnose small amounts of biomarkers in blood or serum. One of the most widely used sensing assays is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which typically uses detection monoclonal antibodies conjugated to enzymes to produce colorimetric signals. To increase the overall sensitivities of these sensors, we demonstrate the use of a dually modified version of filamentous bacteriophage Fd that produces significantly higher colorimetric signals in ELISAs than what can be achieved using antibodies alone. Because only a few proteins at the tip of the micron-long bacteriophage are involved in antigen binding, the approximately 4000 other coat proteins can be augmented—by either chemical functionalization or genetic engineering—with hundreds to thousands of functional groups. In this article, we demonstrate the use of bacteriophage that bear a large genomic fusion that allows them to bind specific antibodies on coat protein 3 (p3) and multiple biotin groups on coat protein 8 (p8) to bind to avidin-conjugated enzymes. In direct ELISAs, the anti-rTNFα (recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha)-conjugated bacteriophage show approximately 3- to 4-fold gains in signal over that of anti-rTNFα, demonstrating their use as a platform for highly sensitive protein detection.
Vein coupler to simplify the end-to-side microanastomosis

Judicious use of a short segment of a reversed autogenous vein graft may facilitate certain microanastomosis serving as a “coupler” between recipient and donor vessels. This technique is of particular value for simplifying end-to-side anastomoses with diseased recipient arteries, and simultaneously allows enhancement of flow by creation of a wide opening. This concept may also be applied to circumvent a significant size discrepancy between flap and inflow vessels.
Enantioselective conjugate addition with chiral amidocuprates, part III. Studies on the synthetic optimization of MAPP-cuprates.

Abstract The influence of Cu(I) salt, solvent, TMSCl and ligand ee on the reactivity and selectivity of LiCu(MAPP)( n -Bu) in conjugate addition to 2-cycloheptenone has been examined.
Exchange rate pass-through: Testing for structural change and its causes

It is widely held that the responsiveness of import prices to the dollar's foreign currency value declined in the 1980s. This article is an empirical examination of the behavior of aggregate exchange rate pass-through and the causes of its behavior. The effect of the dollar's expected value, changes in market structure, and the source and composition of imports on import price decisions are examined by estimating pass-through, import price-exchange rate expectation elasticities, and profit markup and foreign production cost-exchange rate elasticities. The behavior of pass-through found here is similar to that reported elsewhere. Evidence is found that exchange rate expectations and changing market structure have reduced the level of aggregate pass-through of manufactured goods.
Morphology of vapor grown Tl2O3 crystals

Abstract Primary facets on vapor grown Tl 2 O 3 crystals were invariably either {100} or {111} planes. {100} planes predominated except for crystals grown from nuclei formed with a direction nearly parallel to the direction of vapor transport. In this case, {111} facets with normals oriented at 70.5° to the direction of vapor transport were pronounced.
Religious stratification: its origins, persistence, and consequences

Sociologists have shown that religious groups can be ranked in terms of their access to power, privilege, and prestige. However, the interpretation of this ranking is in dispute. I raise three questions. (1) Under what conditions does religious stratification arise? (2) How does it persist and change over time? (3) How does it affect society? I approach these questions in much the same way sociologists have studied the origins, persistence, and consequences of stratification based on race, class, and gender. Framing the issues in terms of conflict theory, I summarize what colleagues and I are learning about the development of religious stratification in America's colonial period, how it has persisted and changed since then, and its destabilizing impact on our society. I also discuss the implications our analyses have for future research, including research at the meso- and micro-levels. Given the theme of the 2007 annual meeting, I conclude with a few thoughts about the implications my analysis has for building a better society.
On propagation of long waves in curved ducts

A two‐dimensional detailed study of the behavior of long waves in curved ducts and in junctions between straight and curved ducts will be given. The mathematical treatment of the problem utilizes the method of separation of variables. Solutions and expressions for principal mode of the wave are obtained by using the linearized equation of motion solved for its characteristic values. The unavoidable approximations in the numerical solutions of the cylindrical functions are due to use of series expansion of Bessel functions and from restrictions necessary to solve infinite matrices.
Humphrey Jackson, F.R.S., 1717-1801: a pioneering chemist.

Humphrey Jackson’s certificate of 30 March 1772, recommending him for membership of the Royal Society, singled him out as a chemist who had discovered a method of making isinglass from British materials and ‘likewise for his invention of preserving Naval Timber from speedy decay’ (1). And yet, shortly after Jackson’s death in 1801, the compilers of the abridged Philosophical Transactions dismissed him as a charlatan (2), and Thomson’s History of the Royal Society referred to his ‘infamous practices’ (3). This paper aims at unravelling the truth by examining his activities and writings. Humphrey Jackson, born in 1717, would seem to have been the son of Thomas Jackson of Stockton-on-Tees, from whom he inherited a considerable fortune in 1746 (4). The son was apprenticed to a Stockton apothecary and surgeon in 1735 (5). Moving to London he set up as a chemist, married Elizabeth Savory in July 1743, and acquired property in Upper East Smithfield two years later (6). Jackson wrote three books and a tract under the name of ‘H. Jackson, chemist’. A cataloguer erroneously thought the author was ‘Henry’, so that all Humphrey’s works have been attributed to Henry Jackson in the British Library’s General Catalogue of Printed Books . The confusion spread to other libraries in Britain and the United States, with the result that no assessment has been made of Humphrey Jackson’s output as a whole. Nevertheless, internal as well as external evidence shows the authorship to have been his alone.
Another Level: Friendships Transcending Geography and Race

For more than 20 years men of Another Level have transcended socially constructed boundaries of age (college-age to retired), class (working class to professional), geography (urban and suburban), and race (Black and White) to build mutually supportive friendships through a simple and consistent act of hospitality. Human identities (especially racial identities) are constructed by growing up within a society that creates the perception of impermeable social boundaries between groups of people making open trusting inter-group relationships difficult, temporary and rare, especially among men (Omi & Winant, 1994). This research builds on Allport's (1954) four characteristics of “optimal inter-group contact” of equal status among members, common goals, cooperation and authority based on custom by highlighting the importance of “hanging-out” together. These men seem to be doing something social institutions have failed in providing—a place for building healthy social relationships that transcend racism and nur...
Implementation of an adaptive, constant thermodynamic speed simulated annealing schedule

Abstract We present a new implementation of simulated annealing. It calculates its own cooling schedule from thermodynamic information computed enroute. Our schedule proceeds at constant “thermodynamic speed” to minimize the entropy produced along the way. It is based on finite time thermodynamics and is, in some sense, optimal. We use ensembles over the entire configuration space to compute thermodynamic averages. Ensembles provide good statistics for the thermodynamic process as well as a direct, instantaneous measures of the nature of the configuration space with Hamming distances. We compare our implementation with some others on a random graph problem. It is found to produce superior results.
Membership in Associations and Suicide Rates

In fifteen nations, 1981 suicide rates were not associated with the extent to which citizens participated in voluntary associations.
Measurement of the shape of accelerator beam pulses

Abstract An accelerator timing signal and a logic signal derived from an accelerator-produced nuclear event are used to gate on and off, respectively, a train of crystal-controlled oscillator pulses. The frequency distribution of the number of gated oscillator pulses yields detailed information about the accelerator beam pulse shape.
Mutagenesis reveals the complex relationships between ATPase rate and the chaperone activities of Escherichia coli heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70/DnaK).

The Escherichia coli 70-kDa heat shock protein, DnaK, is a molecular chaperone that engages in a variety of cellular activities, including the folding of proteins. During this process, DnaK binds its substrates in coordination with a catalytic ATPase cycle. Both the ATPase and protein folding activities of DnaK are stimulated by its co-chaperones, DnaJ and GrpE. However, it is not yet clear how changes in the stimulated ATPase rate of DnaK impact the folding process. In this study, we performed mutagenesis throughout the nucleotide-binding domain of DnaK to generate a collection of mutants in which the stimulated ATPase rates varied from 0.7 to 13.6 pmol/μg/min−1. We found that this range was largely established by differences in the ability of the mutants to be stimulated by one or both of the co-chaperones. Next, we explored how changes in ATPase rate might impact refolding of denatured luciferase in vitro and found that the two activities were poorly correlated. Unexpectedly, we found several mutants that refold luciferase normally in the absence of significant ATP turnover, presumably by increasing the flexibility of DnaK. Finally, we tested whether DnaK mutants could complement growth of ΔdnaK E. coli cells under heat shock and found that the ability to refold luciferase was more predictive of in vivo activity than ATPase rate. This study provides insights into how flexibility and co-chaperone interactions affect DnaK-mediated ATP turnover and protein folding.
Fluctuation-induced forces between rough surfaces.

External boundaries change the fluctuations of a correlated fluid, such as a liquid crystal, thereby causing long-range interactions. We compute how the interaction between two parallel plates is modified by the deformations of one plate. Corrections to the leading interaction decay with the average separation of the plates through an exponent related to the roughness of the boundary. These interactions may also modify the surface fluctuations of thin liquid films.
THE EFFECT OF ACUTE ADMINISTRATION OF CHLOROTHIAZIDE UPON THE PRESSOR RESPONSIVENESS TO ANGIOTENSIN AND NOREPINEPHRINE.

Abstract The effects of the acute intravenous administration of chlorothiazide upon the pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine and angiotensin II in normal human subjects have been examined by measuring blood pressure and digital blood flow. Chlorothiazide did blunt the pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine, but not to angiotensin, when they were administered in the same infusion. Chlorothiazide did not decrease pressor responsiveness to either agent when they were administered simultaneously but in separate infusions. The effect of chlorothiazide upon the pressor response to norepinephrine when the two are admixed is presumably related to instability of norepinephrine in the alkaline pH of the chlorothiazide solution.
Studies on the structure and mechanism of an exo-(1ₒ3)-β-D-glucanase from basidiomycete qm806

Abstract A method for the large-scale production of a (1ₒ3)-β- D -glucan glucohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.58) from the culture filtrate of Basidiomycete QM806 is described. The final preparation is homogeneous by disc electrophoresis under non-dissociating and denaturing conditions, by ultracentrifugation, and by isoelectric focusing. Various physical and chemical characteristics of the enzyme have been determined, including terminal amino acid residues, extinction coefficient, and stability to pH extremes. The N-terminal amino acids are leucine and serine (Sanger's method) and the C-terminal amino acids are alanine, serine, and glycine (hydrazinolysis). pH profile studies show that no group titrating in the region 2.5–8 is directly involved with substrate binding and that a single group having a p K a of 6.5 is involved in the catalysis. Photooxidation of the enzyme caused rapid inactivation. The pH-dependence of this photooxidation, and amino acid analysis of the photooxidized enzyme, indicate that decomposition of histidine is probably responsible for the loss of activity. Other chemical modifications performed were: treatment with hydrogen peroxide under acidic conditions, esterification with diphenyldiazomethane, and oxidation with N -bromosuccinimide. Oxidation with N -bromosuccinimide indicated that a tryptophan side-chain is involved in, but not necessary for, the catalytic activity.
The effects of a sexual issues discussion group on the sexual attitudes and behaviors of physically disabled college students

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a sexual issues discussion group on the sexual attitudes and behaviors of physically disabled college students. Research indicated that the disabled have more difficulty adjusting to college than do able-bodied students. Since sexual adjustment is an important component of total adjustment, it was hypothesized that this might be an important function of a college counselor working with disabled students. Twelve physically disabled students at ASU were the subjects for this study. It was determined that while there was no statistically significant difference on test instruments between the experimental and control groups, change was made in the direction of more liberal sexual attitudes and behaviors of the experimental group. Secondly, self-ratings on individual goals of the experimental group did show that participants progressed toward the goals which they had set for themselves prior to treatment. The major conclusion was that the size of the N was a contributing factor in the failure to denote a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the test instruments.
Testing the theory of QGP-induced energy loss at RHIC and the LHC

Abstract We compare an analytic model of jet quenching, based on the GLV non-Abelian energy loss formalism, to numerical results for the centrality dependent suppression of hadron cross sections in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at RHIC. Simulations of neutral pion quenching versus the size of the colliding nuclear system are presented to high transverse momentum, p T . At low and moderate p T , we study the contribution of medium-induced gluon bremsstrahlung to single inclusive hadron production. In Pb + Pb collisions at the LHC, the redistribution of the lost energy is shown to play a critical role in yielding nuclear suppression that does not violate the participant scaling limit.
Attachment as a Function of Parental and Partner Approach-Avoidance Tendencies

This two-part investigation develops a new scale of parental attachment that includes the previously under examined form of role reversal, or being a caregiver for one's parent, and explores the contention that romantic attachment is more dyadic than originally conceived, in that it is a function of an interaction between parental attachment style and specific partner romantic attachment style. It was expected that the most secure partners would have secure attachments with their parents and partners who report their own secure romantic attachment, that the most preoccupied partners would have been anxious-ambivalent in their attachment to their parents and paired with dismissively avoidant others, and that the most dismissively avoidant partners would have been role reversed by their parents and paired with preoccupied partners. Support for this expanded model was found, in that parental and partner attachments both influenced the final form of romantic attachment, with partner attachment appearing to have more influence than parental attachment. The relationship of romantic attachment style to the subsequent communication outcome of self-disclosure was also explored. Results supported expectations, with security relating positively to intentional and honest self-disclosure, preoccupation relating negatively with honesty, and dismissive avoidance relating to greater positivity and less honesty.
Evaluation of single and periodic applications of chlorpyrifos to control German cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) populations in multifamily dwellings.

Multifamily apartment buildings were treated with formulations of chlorpyrifos by different treatment strategies. Single applications were made with a water emulsion spray of 0.50% chlorpyrifos or Killmaster II (a slow-release formulation containing 2% chlorpyrifos) to 79 apartments. Periodic reapplications (five) were made with a 0.25% water emulsion spray of chlarpyrifos on a monthly cycle to each of 14 apartments initially treated with the 0.50% spray. Populations of Blattella germanica (L.) were evaluated with sticky traps before treatment and reevaluated monthly for 7 months after treatment to determine insecticide efficacy. Reapplication treatments also included the use of a questionnaire to aid in efficacy evaluation. Single applications of the slow-release formulation and the periodic treatments with 0.25% chlorpyrifos yielded nearly twice the percent reduction in German cockroach numbers than did single treatments of 0.50% chlorpyrifos tor the 7 months of this study. Questionnaire results indicated a reduction in insecticide use by residents in the first 2 months of the study; however, there was a trend toward increased pesticide use by residents in the sixth and seventh months in those apartments that had received periodic retreatments. There was a general dissatisfaction by residents with the scheduled retreatment strategy because the cockroach populations did not appear to decline substantially through time.
GaN-based light emitting diode with embedded SiO 2 pattern for enhanced light extraction

The n-GaN layer of c-plane GaInN/GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) on sapphire was modified to contain a pattern of SiO 2 nanorods. This embedded pattern of 300 nm long rods and diameter of 200–400 nm was created by thermal agglomeration of a Ni mask layer and subsequent dry-etching. The light output power (LOP) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the resulting LEDs increased both by some 25% to 40% depending on current density over the unpatterned structure. The increase is thought to be primarily the result of enhanced light extraction efficiency induced by enhanced scattering at the substrate-side interface.
Detection and Preliminary Studies on Dextranase-Producing Microorganisms from Human Dental Plaque

An enriched nutrient agar medium containing blue dextran has been utilized for the detection of dextranase-producing microorganisms in human dental plaque. When compared with the total viable anaerobic plaque flora, the proportion of these microbes in supragingival plaque from different individuals varied over a wide range. Preliminary characterization of some of the dextranase-producing microorganisms revealed a heterogeneous mixture of cell types with varying morphological and biochemical characteristics. Several bacterial isolates were tentatively identified as being members of the genus Actinomyces. An additional isolate appeared to belong to the genus Bacteroides. The dextran-degrading enzymes produced by these bacteria are extracellular, and a cell-free preparation from one of the isolates has been shown to cause extensive endohydrolytic cleavage of high-molecular-weight dextrans.
Personal, Peripersonal, and Extrapersonal Space

In the process of acquiring information about the world, the sense organs are not passive receptacles of energy information. Instead, the sensory systems have been found to actively probe and search the extrapersonal space to update the internal representations of the world and the contents of emotional and cognitive schema. Gitelman et al. note that perturbations in this process, usually resulting from right hemisphere lesions, lead to the syndrome of left hemispatial neglect. Left hemispatial neglect has been most frequently associated with lesion sites involving the parietal and premotor cortices and, less frequently, the cingulate region, the thalamus, or the basal ganglia of the right hemisphere. These regions are interconnected with each other and collectively give rise to a large-scale neural network subserving numerous facets of spatial attention.
The building blocks of cognition

This article provides an overview of some innovative ways of examining infant cognition, highlighting several procedures that are likely to prove useful for assessing the effects of interventions in the first year of life. The procedures singled out assess three aspects of cognition in infancy: visual recognition memory, attention, and speed of processing. Assessments of each, while primarily experimental in nature, show strong developmental change over the first year, as well as modest stability, discriminant validity, and predictive validity. The emerging evidence suggests that these three aspects of infant cognition are among the most basic building blocks of mature cognition.