cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalized Bayes minimax estimators of the mean of multivariate normal distribution with unknown variance

We construct a broad class of generalized Bayes minimax estimators of the mean of a multivariate normal distribution with covariance equal to @s^2I"p, with @s^2 unknown, and under the invariant loss @[email protected](X)[email protected]@?^2/@s^2. Examples that illustrate the theory are given. Most notably it is shown that a hierarchical version of the multivariate Student-t prior yields a Bayes minimax estimate.
Design and Control of Capstan-Pulley Draw System for Optical Fiber Manufacturing

Optical fiber for data communication is manufactured by the draw process, which involves heating and pulling high purity glass cylinders to diameters of 125 μm. The diameter of the glass fiber and its light-guide core must remain constant to create a product capable of transmitting high-bandwidth optical data. The draw capstan design has a significant impact on the optical fiber quality. As the draw speed is used to control the fiber diameter, the ability of the draw capstan to follow velocity commands directly affects the resulting fiber diameter. To improve the control of the optical fiber diameter, the design of the overall system was revisited. A lumped-parameter model of the capstan drive was developed. It accounts for disturbances in the draw process that arise from sources such as the variation in the diameter of the input glass cylinder and the draw tension control, affecting the glass temperature and viscosity. The selection of the motor and the design of the speed controller in the optical fiber draw capstan pulley system were studied. Simulation studies over a range of parameters demonstrate that speed regulation, necessary to manufacture optical fiber within allowable diameter tolerances, can be achieved in the presence of estimated process disturbances without motor current saturation. The model predictions suggest that an effective draw capstan system can be synthesized and controlled. This case study has broad applications for the design of practical engineering systems that include control, electrical, and mechanical subsystems, typical in modern manufacturing. The paper highlights the use of mechanical and electrical modeling, system identification, and control design as necessary parts of product and process improvement.© 2008 ASME
Real-time detection, mapping and analysis of wildland fire information

Abstract In this paper, several innovations to the firefighting process are summarized. Organizational innovations include the Wildland/Urban Interface Fire Protection Initiative, common interagency emergency management procedures, and the National Interagency Incident Management System. Technical innovations include improvements in infrared sensing, more rapid communication, and combining and mapping data sets. Two specific activities are highlighted in the paper: (1) the current Forest Service infrared development activity—Firefly—which will gather, transmit, and display near real-time wildland fire data for fire management and logistics personnel, and (2) the national, interagency compatible computer system, INCINET, which will be taken into the field to support fire suppression operations of any agency, anywhere in the country. Several tools and techniques being developed for fire modeling and forecasting and automated monitoring are also discussed. The technical and organizational innovations discussed in the paper can help Fire Incident Commanders achieve their objectives by improving the accuracy and timeliness of available information. By obtaining accurate information promptly, Fire Incident Commanders will be able to direct their forces to locations of highest priority, where they can be most effective.
Infant Reactivity and Reliance on Mother during Emotion Challenges: Prediction of Cognition and Language Skills in a Low-Income Sample

This investigation considers the association between patterns of emotional reactivity and reliance on mother in infancy and cognitive and language developments at age 2. Low-income women (N = 518) and their firstborn infants participated in (1) a lab-based assessment where emotion challenges were presented when the infants were 6 to 9 months old, and (2) an assessment of language and cognitive skills at age 2. After controlling for birthweight, early sensorimotor delay, and age at testing, infants who displayed a pattern of combined high reactivity and high reliance on mother in response to positive, anger, and fear emotion challenges had higher cognitive and language skills at age 2 compared with infants who displayed patterns of low reactivity and low reliance on mother. Children who showed high fearful distress and low reliance on mother and whose mothers had low psychological resources had especially poor developmental outcomes. The role of maternal availability in the socialization of emotion and early communication is discussed.
Modelling, Synthesis and Dynamic Analysis of Complex Flexible Rotor Systems

A distributed transfer function synthesis is developed for modelling and analysis of rotor systems assembled from multiple flexible and rigid components. The method delivers highly accurate and closed-form analytical solutions, and is capable of treating non-self-adjoint effects, general boundary conditions and multi-body coupling. It is shown that the proposed method provides a useful analysis tool for many problems in rotor dynamics.
The science of disinfection in ARTS (assisted reproductive technology services)

ISSUE: Vaginal probes are used in our assisted reproductive technology services (ARTS) during transvaginal sonagraphy. Disposable single-use condom probe covers are used to cover the transvaginal ultrasound transducer head to reduce transmission of bloodborne pathogens. After each use, the probe requires cleaning and high-level disinfection to avoid pathogenic spread from one patient to another. The use of disinfectant wipes and alcohol pads are not adequate to provide high-level disinfection. Because of concerns regarding the potentially harmful effects of the disinfectant used on developing embryos, we began a search for a safer high-level disinfectant. PROJECT: The infection control staff worked closely with the ARTS staff and the probe manufacturer to review available disinfectant products to ensure high-level disinfection for transvaginal probes that was safe for embryos. RESULTS: We found a disinfectant that provided adequate high-level disinfection and was embryo safe for use in ARTS. LESSONS LEARNED: Using a multidisciplinary team approach, close scrutiny, and meticulous examination of our current disinfection process revealed opportunities to improve embryo safety in our choice of disinfectant. We identified a disinfectant that provided embryo-safe high-level disinfection. Working with the probe manufacturer, we received their written permission to use the selected disinfectant on the probe. This was necessary because the disinfectant chosen was not on the list of disinfectants approved for use by the manufacturer for high-level probe disinfection. The use of a disinfectant that has not been approved by the probe manufacturer can void the probe warranty. The identified improvements also included updating policies and procedures, designing a staff competency checklist, and creating quality-control forms for recording the testing of new boxes of test vials and for solution use. We improved our high-level disinfection of transvaginal probes using an embryo safe high-level disinfectant that was approved for use by the probe manufacturer and improved patient safety and quality of care.
Analysis of thermospheric response to magnetospheric inputs

[1] The influence of the high-latitude energy inputs and heating distributions on the global thermosphere are investigated by coupling a new empirical model of the Poynting flux with the NCAR-TIEGCM. First, in order to show the contribution of the electric field variability to the energy input and thermospheric temperature, model results are compared for simulations where Joule heating is calculated with the average electric field (called “simple Joule heating”) and where Joule heating is adjusted according to the Poynting flux from the empirical model. In the northern (summer) hemisphere, the Poynting flux has a peak in the dayside cusp, which is missing in the altitude-integrated simple Joule heating. The hemispheric integral of the Poynting flux is approximately 30% larger than the integral of simple Joule heating, and the polar average (poleward of 40°) temperature calculated with the Poynting flux increases by 85–95 K, which is more than 50% of the temperature increase caused by the polar energy inputs. Second, three different methods to distribute the Poynting flux in altitude are investigated. Different heating distributions cause a difference in the polar average of heating per unit mass as high as 40% at 160 km altitude. Consequently, the difference of the polar average temperature among these three cases is close to 30–50 K. These results suggest that not only the total amount of energy input, but the way that the energy is distributed in altitude is significant to the impact of the magnetosphere on the thermosphere and ionosphere.
Influence of re-exposure and retrieval disruption during group collaboration on later individual recall

This research examined the influence of prior group collaboration on later individual recall. We considered the negative effects of retrieval disruption and the potentially positive effects of re-exposure to additional items during group recall in the context of three hypotheses: the individual-strategy hypothesis, the combined-strategy hypothesis, and the group-strategy hypothesis. After a study phase and a brief delay, participants completed three successive recall trials in four different recall sequence conditions: III (individual-individual-individual), ICI (individual-collaborative-individual), CII (collaborative-individual-individual), and CCI (collaborative-collaborative-individual). Results show that repeated group recalls (CCI), and securing individual retrieval organisation prior to group recall (ICI), benefit later individual recall more than repeated individual recalls (III). These findings support the group-strategy hypothesis and the individual-strategy hypothesis, and have important implications for group versus individual learning practices in educational settings.
Promoting Effect of H2O Addition on C−O Bond Cleavage and Hydrogenation of Dinaphthyl Ether over MoS2 Catalyst in Situ Generated from Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate

Model reactions of 2,2‘-dinaphthyl ether (DNE) were carried out to examine the effects of water addition on C−O bond cleavage and aromatic hydrogenation using MoS2 catalyst in situ generated from ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) in a microreactor at 350−425 °C under H2 pressure. The use of ATTM significantly increased DNE conversion at 350−400 °C. Addition of water dramatically increased DNE conversion with ATTM at lower temperature (350 °C). There exists an optimum range of the ratio of added water to ATTM for the catalytic conversion of DNE; too high or too low a H2O/ATTM ratio was found to give the result very similar to the test without water addition. However, water addition alone does not improve conversion of DNE. To clarify the role of H2O, two-step tests were carried out, in which MoS2 catalyst was prepared using ATTM in the presence of tridecane with and without water, and then DNE was added to the reactor and hydrogenated with and without added water. After the preparation of the active MoS2 ...
Phenyl vs Alkyl Polythiophene: A Solar Cell Comparison Using a Vinazene Derivative as Acceptor

The solar cell performance of poly[3-(4-n-octyl)-phenylthiophene] (POPT) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are compared in devices using 4,7-bis(2-(1-(2-ethylhexyl)-4,5-dicyanoimidazol-2-yl)vinyl)benzo[c][1,2,5]-thiadiazole (EV-BT) as the electron acceptor. Despite their reduced light absorption, POPT:EV-BT devices generate higher photocurrents in both bilayer and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architectures than analogous P3HT:EV-BT devices. Optimized POPT:EV-BT BHJ devices achieve 1.4% average efficiency, whereas the analogous P3HT devices only reach 1.1%. Morphology does not account for the large difference in performance as AFM studies of the active layer suggest comparable levels of phase separation in the two systems. Reverse bias analysis demonstrates that P3HT devices have a higher maximum potential than POPT devices, but P3HT devices appear to be more severely limited by recombination losses under standard operating conditions. A possible explanation for the superior performance in POPT devices is tha...
Release-site bias as a possible guide to the “map” component in pigeon homing

In an attempt to learn more about the so-called “map” component in pigeon navigation, nine series of tests comprising 34 test releases were performed at a release site, 89 miles NNE of Ithaca, New York, where Cornell pigeons regularly depart nonrandomly but with a large clockwise deviation from the true home direction. The tests included releases of: (1) experienced pigeons new to the site, under sun; (2) pigeons with previous experience at the site, under sun; (3) experienced pigeons new to the site, under total overcast; (4) pigeons with previous experience at the site, under total overcast; (5) first-flight youngsters, under sun; (6) directionally trained pigeons; (7) pigeons from two other Ithaca-area lofts; (8) pigeons from two more distant lofts; (9) Bank Swallows from an Ithaca colony; (10) clock-shifted pigeons; (11) radio- and airplane-tracked pigeons.
Productivity of sugarcane on narrow rows, as affected by mechanical harvesting

Richard, E.P. Jr., Dunckelman, J.W. and Carter, C.E., 1991. Productivity of sugarcane on narrow rows, as affected by mechanical harvesting. Field Crops Res., 26: 375-386. The growth-and-yield response of the six major commercial sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrids) cultivars to mechanical culture and harvesting on row-spacings of 0.9, 1.2 or 1.8 m (conventional) was investigated in Louisiana. In the plant-cane crop, millable stalk populations for all cultivars were 32% and 17% greater at the 0.9- and 1.2-m spacings, respectively, compared with the 1.8-m spacing. Differences in stalk populations among row-spacings decreased with successive harvests of the stubble crops. By the second-stubble crop, only the cultivar CP 70-330 continued to show a significant increase in stalk populations at the 0.9-m row-spacing. Whole-stalk mechanical harvesters adapted to the narrower spacings minimized stubble destruction observed in earlier studies, but appeared to be less efficient in gathering and piling stalks for weighing. As a result, standing cane yield (tonnage) responses were similar for all cultivars, and were significantly higher at the 0.9- and 1.2-m spacings only in the plant-cane crop. When standing cane yields were averaged over the crop cycle, significant increases in yield occurred only for CP 65-357 (0.9-m), CP 70-321 ( 1.2 m), and CP 70-330 (0.9 m) when the row spacing was narrowed, indicating that cultivar selection may also affect row-spacing responses under mechanical culture and harvesting conditions.
Commentary on "Computed tomography of the body: initial clinical trial with the EMI prototype" and "Computed tomography of the body: early trends in application and accuracy of the method".

AJR:191, July 2008 community has been immediate, unreserved, and overwhelming, even without well documented proof of its clinical usefulness.” Ter-Pogossian also observed that “more than a dozen other companies have rapidly turned their interests to this field” [5]. The startling early images from EMI CT scanners led to both my personal consternation and my excitement as I came to regret foolishly complaining about having to learn useless cross-sectional anatomy as a first-year medical student. It quickly became apparent that the enthusiasm engendered by the new scanners helped to entice a new generation of medical students, like me, into the career of radiology. Yet, considerable resistance to the dis semination of CT occurred in these early years. Government agencies instituted stringent “certificate of need” constraints, fearing the adoption of an expensive, unproven technique. Many seasoned clinicians could not accept that CT diagnosis could surpass their own physical diagnosis. Also, some radiologists were intimidated by an unfamiliar, complex new technology and by the need to learn new techniques, anatomy, and diagnostic criteria. Therefore, such forces prevented even more rapid growth for CT. Yet, examinations were already increasing inexorably to a rate of 3,000,000 per year by 1980 [6]. Up to the time of the publication of these articles, less than a handful of prior reports of the use of CT for the body had been published [7–10]. Although among the most frequently cited articles from the AJR and representing appreciable series of cases, the Sheedy et al. [2] description of 400 cases and Stanley et al. [3] analysis of 275 cases do not represent transcendent, rigorous models of scientific in quiry. The studies were prospec tive; Commentary on “Computed Tomography of the Body: Initial Clinical Trial with the EMI Prototype” and “Computed Tomography of the Body: Early Trends in Application and Accuracy of the Method”
Histone Acetylation-Mediated Regulation of the Hippo Pathway

The Hippo pathway is a signaling cascade recently found to play a key role in tumorigenesis therefore understanding the mechanisms that regulate it should open new opportunities for cancer treatment. Available data indicate that this pathway is controlled by signals from cell-cell junctions however the potential role of nuclear regulation has not yet been described. Here we set out to verify this possibility and define putative mechanism(s) by which it might occur. By using a luciferase reporter of the Hippo pathway, we measured the effects of different nuclear targeting drugs and found that chromatin-modifying agents, and to a lesser extent certain DNA damaging drugs, strongly induced activity of the reporter. This effect was not mediated by upstream core components (i.e. Mst, Lats) of the Hippo pathway, but through enhanced levels of the Hippo transducer TAZ. Investigation of the underlying mechanism led to the finding that cancer cell exposure to histone deacetylase inhibitors induced secretion of growth factors and cytokines, which in turn activate Akt and inhibit the GSK3 beta associated protein degradation complex in drug-affected as well as in their neighboring cells. Consequently, expression of EMT genes, cell migration and resistance to therapy were induced. These processes were suppressed by using pyrvinium, a recently described small molecule activator of the GSK 3 beta associated degradation complex. Overall, these findings shed light on a previously unrecognized phenomenon by which certain anti-cancer agents may paradoxically promote tumor progression by facilitating stabilization of the Hippo transducer TAZ and inducing cancer cell migration and resistance to therapy. Pharmacological targeting of the GSK3 beta associated degradation complex may thus represent a unique approach to treat cancer.
Self-limiting deposition of semiconducting ZnO by pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Self-limiting growth of zinc oxide was accomplished over a temperature range from 25to155°C by pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using dimethyl zinc [Zn(CH3)2] as the metal precursor. The deposition rate was independent of plasma exposure (1–5s) but was found to increase from 1.4to6.0A∕cycle as a function of temperature. Over the narrow range explored, substrate temperature had a dramatic impact on the film structure and properties. Amorphous films were obtained at room temperature, while a polycrystalline morphology with a preferred (100) orientation developed as the temperature increased. The electrical resistivity decreased linearly with temperature from 45to∼2Ωcm. Spectroscopic characterization showed that films deposited at room temperature were contaminated by carbon and hydroxyl impurities; however, these defects were attenuated with temperature and were not detected in films deposited above 64°C. Room temperature photoluminescence was dominated by defect emission in most films; howe...
Roles of VioG and VioQ in the incorporation and modification of the capreomycidine residue in the peptide antibiotic viomycin

The nonproteinogenic amino acid capreomycidine is the signature residue found in the tuberactinomycin family of antitubercular peptide antibiotics and an important element of the pharmacophore. Rec...
Ideographic Computation in the Propositional Calculus

This paper will be concerned with an adaptation of Parry's trapezoid symbolism to the solving of problems. In Parry's notation ‘ p q ’, in particular, sets forth the relationship that obtains when p is true, whether q be true or false. The symbol may also be regarded as manifesting the matrix analysis of p . It is this aspect which offers promise for manipulation. We propose to write the symbol ‘ ’ for p itself. It is to be kept in mind, however, that ‘ ’ is the symbol of p when there are but two variables. How to proceed when there are more than two will be seen later. The symbol for q will in like manner be ‘⌋’. Let ‘ ’ and ‘ ’, then, be regarded as elemental symbols setting forth the matrix analysis of the variables. Suppose further that in transcribing from conventional to the trapezoid symbolism we substitute for the variables only, retaining the constants (antithetically to Parry's procedure). Thus ‘ p ∨ q ’ becomes, not ‘ p q ’ as with Parry, but ‘ ∨ ’. Problem-solving consists of merging the trapezoidal symbols according to procedures specified by the constants. As symbols are merged, the constants are eliminated. The resultant symbol constitutes the solution. The rules for merging symbols are derived from the elementary processes of forming truth-tables: Disjunction of two symbols consists of superimposing them. Conjunction consists of preserving only such sides as are common to both the conjoined symbols.
Reactivity worth measurement of the control blades of the University of Florida Training Reactor

Abstract A series of experiments were carried out in order to measure the reactivity worth of the safety and regulating blades of the University of Florida Training Reactor (UFTR) using the Inverse Kinetics, the Inverse Kinetics-Rod Drop method and the Power Ratio. The reactor's own instrumentation (compensated ion chamber) and an independent counting system (fission chamber) were used. A very smooth exponential decay of the flux was observed after 6 s of the beginning of the transients using the reading of the reactor detector. The results of the measurements of the reactivity using both detectors were consistent and in good agreement. The compensated ion chamber showed a very smooth exponential behavior; this suggests that if we could record the power for a small sample time, say 0.1 s from the beginning of the transient, several additional research projects could be accomplished. First, precise intercomparison of the methods could be achieved if the statistics level is acceptable. Second, a precise description of the bouncing of the blades and its effects on the reactivity could be achieved. Finally, the design of a reactivity-meter could be based on such study.
On the Flavianates of Some Nucleinic Substances.

Due to the lack of dependable methods for their identification, the isolation of nucleinic compounds from biological fluids is not an easy matter. Among the precipitants which might be useful in the isolation of these substances, flavianic acid (1-naphthol-2-4-dinitro-7-sulfonic acid) seemed to be promising. Kossel and Gross1 found that flavianic acid forms crystalline compounds with organic bases. Among other substances these workers prepared guanine flavianate.We have prepared the flavianates of cystosine, 5-methylcystosine, 2-amino-4-methyluracil, guanosine, adenosine and cytidine.It has been found (with O. H. Emerson) that cytidine flavianate is a very useful substance in the isolation of cytidine from yeast nucleic acid. Flavianic acid is more satisfactory than picric acid for decomposing cytidine nitrate. Although cytidine flavianate does not seem to crystallize from an impure solution, it forms beautiful crystals when fairly pure and is a very convenient substance for recrystallizing as it has a ve...
Un Paradoxe De Gouvernance: Pro Et La Montée De L'Objet

Julia Herschensohn: Pro and the object rising.About binding constraints that are in contradiction with the theory of government.
Observation of anticrossing between Zeeman-split 1s(T2) states of opposite spin for As donors in germanium.

Four-wave spectroscopy has been used to study the Raman-allowed 1s(${A}_{1}$)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1s(${T}_{2}$) transitions of As donors in Ge at 1.8 K, using magnetic field B up to 12 T. With B\ensuremath{\parallel} [111] the 1s(${T}_{2}$) states split into six levels (including spin), two with high and four with low diamagnetism. An anticrossing, predicted by People and Wolff, has been observed between donor levels of opposite spin. Valley repopulation due to breaking of the tetrahedral symmetry by the magnetic field is also observed. A theory has been developed, which, with no adjustable parameters, provides good agreement with experiment.
Fetal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality Following Delivery After Previous Cesarean

This article examines data from a recent systematic evidence review on term deliveries conducted for the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality on vaginal birth after caesarean, from a meta-analysis of associated perinatal outcomes, and subsequent publications that meet stringent quality review standards. We present a summary of fetal and neonatal outcomes emphasizing information that clinicians and patients need to make decisions regarding mode of delivery after prior cesarean and look for areas where future studies may provide important insights.
Letter Regarding Article by Becker et al, “Hyperhomocysteinemia, a Cardiac Metabolic Disease: Role of Nitric Oxide and the p22phox Subunit of NADPH Oxidase”

To the Editor: Becker et at1 examined the effect of experimental homocysteinemia on the nitric oxide (NO)–dependent control of cardiac O2 consumption and enzymatic sources of superoxide. They found that methionine-induced experimental homocysteinemia inhibits NO-dependent regulation of cardiac O2 consumption and increases the p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase. Although the findings …
CaveCAD: a tool for architectural design in immersive virtual environments

Existing 3D modeling tools were designed to run on desktop computers with monitor, keyboard and mouse. To make 3D modeling possible with mouse and keyboard, many 3D interactions, such as point placement or translations of geometry, had to be mapped to the 2D parameter space of the mouse, possibly supported by mouse buttons or keyboard keys. We hypothesize that had the designers of these existing systems had been able to assume immersive virtual reality systems as their target platforms, they would have been able to design 3D interactions much more intuitively. In collaboration with professional architects, we created a simple, but complete 3D modeling tool for virtual environments from the ground up and use direct 3D interaction wherever possible and adequate. In this publication, we present our approaches for interactions for typical 3D modeling functions, such as geometry creation, modification of existing geometry, and assignment of surface materials. We also discuss preliminary user experiences with this system.
Efficacy of axillary-to-femoral vein bypass in relieving venous hypertension in dialysis patients with symptomatic central vein occlusion.

Objective Central vein stenosis or occlusion remains an unfortunate complication associated with the use of dialysis catheters. In patients with a functioning arteriovenous fistula, central vein stenosis can lead to debilitating arm, breast, or neck swelling. Treatment typically involves central vein angioplasty or stenting, or both, but restenosis and reocclusion rates remain high. Presented here are the initial results of a unique series of patients with a mature arteriovenous access and symptomatic upper extremity venous hypertension who were treated with axillary vein-to-femoral vein bypass after endovascular therapy failed. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 10 hemodialysis patients with a functioning right upper extremity access who underwent axillary vein-to-femoral vein bypass between December 2011 and April 2013. Results The 10 patients (seven men) were a median age of 58 years. All patients had documentation of prior central venous catheter placement and had undergone a previous endovascular procedure that was unsuccessful or technically unfeasible. The median hospital stay was 2 days (range, 1-3 days), and the median assisted-primary patency was 197 days (25th-75th percentile, 114-240 days). Three patients presented with recurrent arm swelling that was successfully managed in one patient with revision of the proximal anastomosis. Three additional patients presented with subsequent lower extremity swelling, with one patient benefitting from femoral vein angioplasty. Ultimately, six patients continued to use their original access, and two required placement of interval central venous catheters for hemodialysis. Conclusions In patients who have exhausted all endovascular options, axillary-to-femoral vein bypass may represent a safe and efficacious approach to alleviate extremity swelling while simultaneously salvaging a functional dialysis access.
Studies of immunological reactivity following syngeneic or allogeneic marrow grafts in man.

SUMMARY This report describes studies of immunological reactivity in 13 marrow transplant recipients prepared for engraftment with 1,000 rads of total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, or both, and observed for 5–30 months after engraftment. Three patients with hematological malignancy had identical twin donors; five patients with hematological malignancy and five with aplastic anemia had HL-A-matched sibling donors. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels declined in all recipients and then returned to normal by day 100. Absolute lymphocyte counts were above 1,000/mm3 in all patients within 1–3 months after grafting. Two of the three twin recipients showed normal antibody responses to bacteriophage by days 39 and 365 postgrafting and cutaneous reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzene by days 393 and 678. These three patients had no significant infections. Allogeneic graft recipients showed a markedly decreased antibody response to bacteriophage. In contrast, several of these recipients developed cytomegalovirus or herpes zoster infections, from which they recovered, and they developed good antibody titers against these agents. Testing in mixed leukocyte culture showed that cells from recipients of syngeneic grafts displayed normal responses to allogeneic cells and phytohemagglutinin. Recipients of allogeneic grafts showed a wide range of responsiveness but clear stimulation was observed on nearly all occasions, even within the 1st month after grafting. Despite this in vitro reactivity, the allogeneic recipients, with one exception, could not be sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene when tested between days 28 and 365. We conclude that recipients of syngeneic grafts show a satisfactory return of immunological reactivity. Recipients of allogeneic grafts show a long lasting immunological deficiency which points out the necessity for vigilance in early detection and treatment of infection and the need for additional measures to restore immunological competence in these patients.
Is Venous Duplex Imaging an Appropriate Initial Screening Test for Patients With Suspected Pulmonary Embolism

Noninvasive tests for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) are helpful in evaluating patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) who have non-high-probability ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) lung scans. Based on the enthusiasm for these noninvasive tests, venous duplex imaging (VDI) has evolved as the initial screening test for patients with clinically suspected PE in some centers. This study evaluates the utility of VDI as the initial test in a diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected PE. A total of 306 consecutive patients who underwent VDI as the initial screening test for clinically suspected PE during the past 24 months were reviewed; 121 patients were subsequently evaluated with V/Q scans and 20 underwent pulmonary arteriography. VDI demonstrated DVT in 10% (23/216), with 7% (22/306) having proximal DVT and 3% (9/306) having isolated calf DVT. In 25 patients with unilateral leg symptoms, DVT was found in 40% (10/25); however, among the 281 without unilateral leg symptoms, results of VDI were abnormal in only 5% (15/281). V/Q scans were obtained in 40% (121/306), with only 16% (19/121) of scans showing a high probability of PE. DVT was found in 25% (5/19) of patients with high-probability V/Q scans and in 25% (26/102) with non-high-probability scans. In patients with clinically suspected PE the incidence of detectable infrainguinal DVT is low. VDI appears to be a reasonable initial screening test in patients with clinically suspected PE and unilateral leg symptoms. However, in patients without unilateral leg symptoms, the diagnostic yield is low and an alternative diagnostic approach appears justified.
An investigation of auditory evoked responses of mentally retarded adults during sleep

Abstract Computer averaged EEG responses were examined for 1000 c/sec tone when ten mentally retarded (MR) adults and five normal adults were tested awake and during sleep. The results indicated a high degree of similarity for MR and normal responsiveness when tested in the sleeping condition. More interesting, however, was the apparent tendency of the latency characteristics of the responses for both groups to be more similar for sleep than for the waking state. The results suggest that (1) electroencephalographic audiometry using computer averaging techniques may be a feasible procedure for assessing the hearing level of sleeping moderate functioning MR adults; (2) the latency of auditory evoked responses recorded from sleeping subjects is not a function of their intellectual capacity.
The seasonal biomass and productivity of the submerged macrophytes in a polluted Wisconsin stream

SUMMARY 1. We measured biomass and light/dark bottle productivity of macrophytes in a Wisconsin stream throughout one growing season. Except for a brief period in early spring when a Cladophora glomerata-filamentous algal community was dominant, Potamogeton pectinatus was the dominant macrophyte species in Badfish Creek. 2. Maximum community biomass was 710 g DW m−2, with a maximum above ground biomass of 620 g DW m−2 and a maximum below ground biomass of 120 g DW m−2. Annual productivity was estimated at 1435 g DW m−2 year−1, with a calculated P/B of 2.01. 3. In situ net production averaged 2.83g C g AFDW−1 h−1 Net positive carbon gain by the P. pectinatus community occurred when water temperatures were above 15°C, and daylength at least 12h. This is correlated to the onset of tuber germination in spring, and the point of maximal biomass decline in autumn.
Applying the modality principle to real-time feedback and the acquisition of higher-order cognitive skills

Effectively presenting complex material is a crucial component of instructional design within simulation-based training (SBT) environments. One approach to facilitate the acquisition of higher-order knowledge is to embed instructional strategies within the systems themselves. Currently, however, there are few established guidelines to inform developers how best to implement such strategies. In response, this study aims to explore the presentation of one such strategy—feedback—during SBT of a complex decision-making task. Specifically, this study extends past research on the modality principle of multimedia learning by comparing the use of spoken- versus printed-text real-time feedback in an SBT environment. During two primarily visual training scenarios, participants received spoken-text (Spoken Group), printed-text (Printed Group), or no feedback (Control Group) based on their performance. Results indicated that the Spoken Group demonstrated greater decision-making performance during training and assessment compared to the Printed Group. These findings are consistent with those of past research and suggest that the modality principle can be extended to the presentation of real-time feedback during SBT of higher-order cognitive skills.
Lack of enhancement of bleomycin lung injury in vitamin E-deficient rats

Abstract DNA breakage caused by bleomycin may be due to the formation of bleomycin-ferrous complexes, which activate molecular oxygen to form activated oxygen species or free radicals. If bleomycin administration results in intracellular free radical formation, then peroxidation of cellular membranes may be a prominent mechanism in producing bleomycin lung toxicity. In order to explore this hypothesis, we performed experiments instilling bleomycin intratracheally into vitamin E-deficient and control rats. Exhaled ethane production and formation of lung tissue malonaldehyde were measured as indices of lipid peroxidation. Mortality and serial changes in lung collagen content were also measured to assess increases in lung injury in the vitamin E-deficient rats. No increases in ethane exhalation occurred in the groups receiving bleomycin as compared to the matched controls receiving saline. Lung malonaldehyde was found to increase at 96 hours following bleomycin instillation. No increases in mortality or the formation of lung collagen occurred in vitamin E-deficient rats treated with bleomycin as compared to control rats given bleomycin. These results suggest that vitamin E-deficient rats do not have enhanced lung toxicity following bleomycin instillation and that although free radical activation may be occurring, lipid peroxidation does not appear to be a prominent mechanism in producing bleomycininduced pulmonary toxicity.
Inhaled nitric oxide in the neonate with cardiac disease

As a selective pulmonary vasodilator, inhaled nitric oxide is an important diagnostic and therapeutic agent for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease. Among 400 patients treated in our center with nitric oxide, 37% were newborns. Hemodynamic benefit was shown in newborns with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, in those with congenital mitral stenosis, and in postoperative patients with preexisting left to right shunts and other lesions. It can be used to help discriminate anatomic obstruction to pulmonary blood flow from pulmonary vasoconstriction, and it may be used in the treatment or prevention of pulmonary hypertensive crises after cardiopulmonary bypass. However, none of the purported benefits of inhaled nitric oxide in children with congenital heart disease have been studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled manner.
Interplay between the diamine structure and absolute helicity in Ni–salen metallofoldamers

The nature of internal chiral diamines can greatly influence the ratio of helical diastereomers for Ni–salen based metallofoldamers. The diastereomer ratio is small for metallofoldamers derived from (1R, 2R)-cyclohexanediamine, (11R, 12R)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-diamine, or (1R, 2R)-cyclopentanediamine. By contrast, the foldamer from (1S, 2S)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine provides a relatively large bias (6 ∶ 1) for the P-helical diastereomer as evidenced by NMR studies, chiroptical data, and X-ray studies. A model is proposed to explain the origin of the helical bias. These findings underscore the need to consider helical diastereomers in models for asymmetric induction in metal–salen catalyzed reactions.
Methods of estimating occupational attrition.

Occupational attrition estimation methods for determining personnel separation through marriage, death, retirement and transfer applied to engineering and nursing
AMPL: a modified programming language

Increasing the total audience for APL and APL-like languages is desirable because of APL's many human-efficient features. AMPL is a modification of APL which is targeted for DECsystem-10 users who have been or would be discouraged by APL's nonstandard keyboard and idiosyncratic internal editor.
Ruptured ovarian cystic teratoma secondary to blunt abdominal trauma: a very unusual case.

A benign cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) is a common neoplasm of the ovary, representing approximately 15% of all ovarian neoplasms. These tumors appear grossly as a cyst containing hair and sebaceous material. Besides skin elements, these cysts may also contain bone, cartilage, and even well-formed teeth. Cystic teratomas are generally benign and do not recur in the majority of cases. Although there have been reports of traumatic ruptures of ovarian cysts in the literature, there have not been any reported cases of ruptured cystic teratomas secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. We report a case of traumatic rupture of this tumor secondary to a motor vehicle crash, with the patient presenting with acute peritonitis.
Simulated Tornadic Vortex Signatures of Tornado-Like Vortices Having One- and Two-Celled Structures

AbstractA tornadic vortex signature (TVS) is a degraded Doppler velocity signature that occurs when the tangential velocity core region of a tornado is smaller than the effective beamwidth of a sampling Doppler radar. Early Doppler radar simulations, which used a uniform reflectivity distribution across an idealized Rankine vortex, showed that the extreme Doppler velocity peaks of a TVS profile are separated by approximately one beamwidth. The simulations also indicated that neither the size nor the strength of the tornado is recoverable from a TVS. The current study was undertaken to investigate how the TVS might change if vortices having more realistic tangential velocity profiles were considered. The one-celled (axial updraft only) Burgers–Rott vortex model and the two-celled (annular updraft with axial downdraft) Sullivan vortex model were selected. Results of the simulations show that the TVS peaks still are separated by approximately one beamwidth—signifying that the TVS not only is unaffected by th...
The Perioperative Management of Pain from Intracranial Surgery

Analgesic therapy following intracranial procedures remains a source of concern and controversy. Although opioids are the mainstay of the “balanced” general anesthetic techniques frequently used during intracranial procedures, neurosurgeons and others have been reluctant to administer opioid analgesics to patients following such procedures. This practice is supported by the concern that the sedation and miosis associated with opioid administration could mask the early signs of intracranial catastrophe, or even exacerbate it through decreased ventilatory drive, elevated arterial carbon dioxide levels, and increased cerebral blood flow. This reluctance to use opioids following intracranial surgery is enabled by decades of training and anecdote emphasizing that pain is minimal following these procedures. However, recent data suggests otherwise, and raises the question of how to provide safe and effective analgesia for these patients. Here, this data is reviewed along with the relevant pain pathways, analgesic drugs and techniques, and the available data on their use following intracranial surgery. Although pain following intracranial surgery appears to be more intense than initially believed, it is readily treated safely and effectively with techniques that have proven useful following other types of surgery, including patient-controlled administration of opioids. The use of multimodal analgesic therapy is emphasized not only for its effectiveness, but to reduce dosages and, therefore, side effects, primarily of the opioids, that could be of legitimate concern to physicians and affect the comfort of their patients.
Quartz dissolution: Negative crystal experiments and a rate law

Abstract The negative crystal method is used to extend the range of measured quartz dissolution rates as a function of temperature and pOH, extent of saturation, and ionic strength. The activation energy is constant for pOH = 1 to 4, and rate decreases linearly with saturation, indicating a precipitation reaction that is first order in silicic acid. Dissolution is slowed by Ca and Mg ions; the effect of Ca is strongest on the unit rhombohedra. A simple rate law based on surface charging is proposed and shown to fit the data. Only a reaction in which the activated complex is negatively charged is consistent with rate measurements. Some constraints on fundamental kinetic parameters are inferred. Data for all materials (single crystals and powders) can be fit by the single rate law 〈Rdiss〉 = G·A0·T·S·exp(−Ediss/RT), S = I0.3 · {0.095 · aoH−−0.5+ 1}−1, G = 1 for rough faces while G = Y · exp(−ΔEinter/RT) for smooth faces, A0 = 6.64 · 10−3ms s−1K−1, where 〈Rdiss〉 = limiting dissolution rate in m/s, S is the surface charge, aOH− is the molal hydroxide activity relative to an infinitely dilute solution at STP, I is the ionic strength, T is the temperature, ΔEinter is the energy of interaction (~6 kJ/mol) causing step formation on the crystal surface,Ediss is the activation energy of dissolution of ~78.6 kJ/mol, and Y is a face constant equal to 1 for the prism and 1.63 or 1.87 for the positive and negative unit rhombs, respectively. The available data in the literature suggests G = 1 to 9.5 for various other crystal directions, G = 2–4 for powders with optically estimated areas, while G = 0.1–0.3 describes powders with BET-determined areas. This equation applies over a wide range of conditions: 25–300°C, ionic strength 0.003–0.1 m, and any pOH below the point of zero charge of quartz; a similar equation applies to growth. Dissolution mechanisms for defective crystals are discussed and may result in dissolution rate enhancements of ~2X. The observation that these enhancements are associated with generalized etching suggests that background dissolution follows the proposed rate law, but accompanied by surface roughening and rapid removal of defect volumes.
The Effect of Economic Dependence on Urban Primacy: A Cross-National Panel Analysis

Dependency theorists have become increasingly interested in examining the effects of international economic dependence on such measures of national development as economic growth, income inequality, and overurbanization. Yet limited systematic research exists examining the effect of economic dependence on urban primacy. Panel regression analysis was used to examine the effects of economic dependence and several control variables on urban primacy for a sample of 53 nations. That is, circa 1970 primacy (based on Davis's 4-city index of first-city primacy) was regressed on circa 1955 measures of urban primacy, economic dependence (investment dependence or export dependence on raw materials), gross national product per capita, land area size, and population growth between 1950 and 1970. Results of the analyses indicated that both measures of economic dependence had positive-albeit nonsignificant-effects on urban primacy.
Towards a task-based paradigm for flexible and adaptable access control in distributed applications

Historically, the access control problem has been couched within the framework of subjects, object, and rights. In this paper we argue for a newer paradigm for distributed and multi-system applications, that transcends the subject-object view of access control. This new paradigm views access control and authorization not in terms of individual subjects and object, but rather in terms of long-lived tasks that need to be authorized and managed in information systems.