cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution and population development of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Homoptera: Aphididae) in iceberg lettuce.

A field study was conducted to determine the distribution and development of aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Homoptera: Aphididae) populations in iceberg lettuce, Lactuca sativa L. ‘Salinas’. Lettuce plants were transplanted and caged individually in the field and inoculated with apterous N. ribisnigri at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk after transplanting in spring and fall 2002. Plants were harvested 15–50 d after inoculations; numbers of alates and apterous N. ribisnigri were counted or estimated on each leaf for each plant. Inoculations during all 5 wk of plant development resulted in successful colonization of lettuce heads. Results indicated that head formation did not reduce the risk of colonization by N. ribisnigri to iceberg lettuce; plants were susceptible to colonization by N. ribisnigri throughout their development. For later inoculations, N. ribisnigri populations were relatively smaller, and aphids were found mostly within the heads. For earlier inoculations, N. ribisnigri populations were larger, and within-plant distributions shifted toward frame leaves. The shift of population distributions toward frame leaves correlated significantly with increases in N. ribisnigri population density. For most inoculations, more aphids were present on wrapper leaves than on other leaves. The proportion of alates did not vary significantly with population density. Population development of N. ribisnigri also correlated significantly with heat unit accumulation. Yellow sticky cards were used to monitor alates in each cage. Catches of N. ribisnigri alates on yellow sticky cards were significantly correlated with total numbers of alates as well as with total population sizes on individual lettuce plants.
Anterior Subcutaneous Internal Fixation of the Pelvis: Placement of the INFIX

The treatment of displaced or unstable pelvic fractures involves surgical stabilization. Traditional methods of fixation for the anterior pelvic ring include plate fixation, screw fixation, or external fixation. Recently, a technique for using spinal pedicle screws to create an anterior subcutaneous internal fixator, also termed an “INFIX,” has been reported with some success. Although no technique has proved clinically superior, the subcutaneous technique offers significant advantages over traditional pelvic external fixation. These advantages include obviating the risk of pin tract irritation or infection, decreasing postoperative pain, and increasing the biomechanical stability of the fixation construct. Here, we review the anatomical considerations, imaging, and surgical technique for placing an anterior subcutaneous internal fixator. In addition, the surgical outcomes and complications of this specialized technique are discussed. Surgical management of pelvic ring injuries is complex, and this technique is a valuable tool in the armamentarium of pelvic surgeons.
Influence of vegetation on spatial patterns of sediment deposition in deltaic islands during flood

Abstract River deltas are shaped by the interaction between flow and sediment transport. This morphodynamic interaction is potentially affected by freshwater marsh vegetation (e.g. Sagittaria spp.and Typha spp. in the Mississippi delta, USA) on the exposed surfaces of emergent deltaic islands. The vulnerability of deltaic islands is a result of external forces like large storms, sea level rise, and trapping of sediment in upstream reservoirs. These factors can strongly determine the evolution of the deltaic system by influencing the coupling between vegetation dynamics and morphology. In the last few years, models have been developed to describe the dynamics of salt marsh geomorphology coupled with vegetation growth while the effect of freshwater vegetation on deltaic islands and marshes remains unexplored. Here we use a numerical flow and sediment transport model to determine how vegetation affects the spatial distribution of sediment transport and deposition on deltaic surfaces during flood. Our modeling results show that, for an intermediate value of relative vegetation height and density, sedimentation rate increases at the head of the delta. On the other hand, large values of relative vegetation height and density promote more sedimentation at the delta shoreline. A logical extension of our results is that over time intermediate values of relative vegetation height and density will create a steeper-sloped delta due to sediment trapping at the delta head, whereas relatively taller vegetation will create a larger, but flatter delta due to sediment deposition at the shoreline. This suggests intermediate relative vegetation height and density may create more resilient deltas with higher average elevations.
Follistatin Gene Therapy Improves Ambulation in Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Follistatin is a ubiquitous secretory propeptide that functions as a potent inhibitor of the myostatin pathway, resulting in an increase in skeletal muscle mass. Its ability to interact with the pituitary activin-inhibin axis and suppress the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) called for caution in its clinical applicability. This limitation was circumvented by the use of one of the alternatively spliced follistatin variants, FS344, undergoing post-translational modification to FS315. This follistatin isoform is serum-based, and has a 10-fold lower affinity to activin compared to FS288. Preclinical studies of intramuscular delivery of the follistatin gene demonstrated safety and efficacy in enhancing muscle mass. We herein review the evidence supporting the utility of follistatin as a genetic enhancer to improve cellular performance. In addition, we shed light on the results of the first clinical gene transfer trial using the FS344 isoform of follistatin in subjects with Becker muscular dystrophy as well as the future directions for clinical gene therapy trials using follistatin.
Pediatric Patients with Bone Malignancy: Therapeutic Options

Primary bone malignancy, namely osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, is predominantly encountered in the pediatric population. After histological confirmation of diagnosis done through a carefully performed biopsy these malignant tumors are generally treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and wide surgical resection, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Reconstructive options after resection depend on tumor size and location as well as patient age and goals. Limb ablation, either by amputation or rotationplasty, is commonly a less appealing option although the literature supports excellent long-term outcomes and durability. As a result of improved neoadjuvant regimens limb sparing surgery has become the mainstay of surgical treatment for the vast majority of bone tumors. Limb sparing options primarily include allograft reconstruction, allograft prosthetic composite reconstruction, and megaprosthesis reconstruction with or without expansion capabilities. Each of these options has features that make them attractive as well as potential complications. The choice of reconstruction should be made after in-depth discussion of the benefits, alternatives and potential complications on a patient by patient basis.
K-bentonites: A review

Pyroclastic material in the form of altered volcanic ash or tephra has been reported and described from one or more stratigraphic units from the Proterozoic to the Tertiary. This altered tephra, variously called bentonite or K-bentonite or tonstein depending on the degree of alteration and chemical composition, is often linked to large explosive volcanic eruptions that have occurred repeatedly in the past. K-bentonite and bentonite layers are the key components of a larger group of altered tephras that are useful for stratigraphic correlation and for interpreting the geodynamic evolution of our planet. Bentonites generally form by diagenetic or hydrothermal alteration under the influence of fluids with high-Mg content and that leach alkali elements. Smectite composition is partly controlled by parent rock chemistry. Studies have shown that K-bentonites often display variations in layer charge and mixed-layer clay ratios and that these correlate with physical properties and diagenetic history. The following is a review of known K-bentonite and related occurrences of altered tephra throughout the timescale from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Calibration of National Rigid Pavement Performance Models for the Pavement Mechanistic–Empirical Design Guide:

AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design, software developed from the AASHTO Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), uses performance data extracted primarily from the long-term pavement performance database to calibrate the performance prediction models for rigid pavements. In this study, factorial designs were generated as a subset of the national rigid pavement database for calibration of the MEPDG rigid pavement performance models. Three separate factorial designs were included for each rigid pavement performance model for (a) jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) transverse cracking, (b) JPCP faulting (doweled and undoweled), and (c) continuously reinforced concrete pavement punchouts. Experimental design variables for each model were selected to provide the broadest possible representation of key design, construction, and environmental features. The three performance models were then calibrated with the developed factorial matrices. The results were presented along with the calibration procedure....
Disciplining qualitative decision exercises: Aspects of a transempirical protocol

This paper defines and defends certain procedural and instrumental initiatives taken to constitute a transempirical protocol. This protocol is intended to provide one avenue for extending the bounds of rationality to decision exercises where there are only limited opportunities for effecting objective or empirical discipline. That is, the practical purpose of the protocol's facilities is to help prevent decision exercises that must be conducted in the face of a signal sparsity of objective/empirical predicates from degenerating into an uncontrolled retreat from reason.
Research on Entrusting Loan in Foreign Exchange and Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor

Support the entry of peasant-workers into cities by making use of entrusting loan in foreign exchange.The article searches for a way out for the transfer of the rural surplus labor.In order to realize the effective transfer of the rural surplus labor,the author brings out a fit-for-purpose suggestion on setup,pattern selection and management methods of entrusting loan item from the viewpoint of foreign exchange management.
Investigation on Electromagnetic Radiation Cognition among Residents of Baoshan District of Shanghai City

[Objective]To investigate the knowledge level of residents on electromagnetic radiation in Baoshan District of Shanghai City.[Methods]Questionnaire survey was performed on 160 families.[Results]42.3% of the respondents can select correct definition of electromagnetic radiation.Significant differences can be observed in awareness rates between residents with different education levels on electromagnetic radiation and its correct definition,and questions such as whether electromagnetic radiation was harmful to health;besides,there was an increasing tendency of awareness rate as education level rising.Media and books are main means by which residents get to know about electromagnetic radiation.38.2% of respondents sometimes or often suffered from insomnia for worrying about hazards of environmental electromagnetic radiation.The percentage of residents suffering from frequent headaches,dizziness,insomnia,memory loss and fatigue who lived with substation or high voltage lines nearby was significantly different from that of those lived far from substation or high voltage lines.[Conclusion]The knowledge level on electromagnetic radiation among residents in Baoshan District is relatively low currently,suggesting that relative publicity and education should be enhanced.
The diagnostic evaluation

Breast symptoms are appropriately evaluated by a breast-oriented history and by the diagnostic triad of clinical breast examination, FNA, and mammography. In the case of a palpable dominant mass, concordance of the diagnostic triad yields a reliable clinical diagnosis. If there is not concordance, or if there is any doubt about the diagnosis either on the part of the physician or the patient, open surgical biopsy provides the definitive histologic diagnosis. The goal in clinical practice is to detect nonpalpable cancers by ordering screening mammography for all patients eligible by age, history, or both. The long-term cancer-free survival of women treated for nonpalpable breast cancer is excellent.
A Fast Soft X-Ray Spectrograph

We have developed a soft x-ray emission spectrograph for the energy region 20–800 eV. The spectrograph consists of a sample chamber, grating chamber and detector chamber connected together as a single UHV vacuum system with each chamber isola-table with gate valves. Figure 1 shows a sketch of the spectrograph.
Parental Involvement and Public Schools: Disappearing Mothers in Labor and Politics.

In this article, I argue that the material and rhetorical connection between “parental involvement” and motherhood has the effect of making two important features of parental involvement disappear. Both of these features need to be taken into account to think through the positive and negative effects of parental involvement in public schooling. First, parental involvement is labor. In the following section of this paper, I discuss the work of feminist scholars who have brought this to light. Second, parental involvement remains one of the most significant ways in which citizens participate in the public sphere. While education reform projects centered on parental involvement do show some recognition that what parents/mothers do is in fact work, even as they ignore the gendered dimensions of this work and sunnily demand that parents do ever more of it, these projects resist the recognition that parents’/mothers’ involvement is also political.
Research on active power control analysis method of transmission interfaces for online TTC calculation

Total Transfer Capability(TTC) play an important role on anlysis and control of power system stability. This paper proposes an method about active power control strategy analysis of transmission interfaces, which identifies the most sensitive generator for transmission interfaces and decides control strategy of transmission interfaces active power automatically. It can improve accuracy of online TTC which dependent on off-line simulation knowledge, also could not automatically adapt the real-time operation mode of power system. In this paper, a varible of integrative sensitivity of transmission interfaces is defined for reflecting the control effect of different generator for total power of transmission interface. Based on this varible, the method can calculate the adjustment margin and priority of generator in power network, and search adjustable electric equipments for controlling transmission interfaces power, and provide control strategy for transmission interfaces active power. Finally the simulation analysis of actual exapmle verifies the effectiveness of the method.
Detrital zircon geochronology of quartzite clasts, northwest Wyoming: Implications for Cordilleran Neoproterozoic stratigraphy and depositional patterns

Abstract U-Pb ages of detrital zircons extracted from quartzite clasts (n = 857), 11 sampling localities in Cretaceous and Tertiary conglomerates in Jackson Hole and the Bighorn Basin in northwest Wyoming, reveal that the source of these clasts is Neoproterozoic in age. We collected multiple clasts at ten of the sampling localities and co-mingled the extracted zircons; we analyzed zircons from a single clast at the eleventh locality. The maximum depositional age of the ten composite samples is 1016 ± 18 Ma. The principal peak ages for the aggregate of these clasts are 1715 and 1791 Ma, and about 50% of all zircon grains yield Yavapai-Mazatzal ages (∼1600–1800 Ma). Other age peaks are 1844 and 1918 Ma (various Paleoproterozoic orogenic provinces), 2711 Ma (Wyoming Province), 1444 (Mid-continent Granite-Rhyolite Province), and 1100 Ma (Grenville Province). The detrital zircon age spectra indicate a significant distal provenance in eastern and southern Laurentia for these quartzite clasts. The maximum depositional age for these quartzite clasts is 1016 Ma, which is too young for these quartzite clasts to be correlative to the Belt-Purcell Supergroup (∼1390–1470 Ma) to the north. We interpret that the principal source rock for these quartzite is most likely the Neoproterozoic lower Brigham Group of southeastern Idaho. The most likely source was rocks was the upper plate of the Paris thrust sheet. The source was either completely eroded away during the Neogene, and/or was buried by Snake River Plain volcanism. This correlation requires the Brigham Group to occur much more extensively to the north than current mapping indicates.
Pre-Planning Civic Action: An Analysis of Civic Leaders’ Problem Solving Strategies

Despite the recent increased attention civic education has received, there is little research on the ways that civic leaders problem solve. Such information would be helpful to teachers as they engage students in problem-based learning models of civic education such as classroom-based deliberations and debate and community-based action civics projects. This study explores the civic thinking heuristics civic leaders use when pre-planning action. Across eight think-aloud protocols, findings suggest that three heuristics are employed. Frame alignment refers to the process of harmonizing personal beliefs and interests with the particulars of a civic action issue to find personal meaning in the work. Participants used (1) personal beliefs, (2) lived experiences, (3) their professional roles, and (4) their heritage to facilitate such framing. Referencing is the process of using past personal and historical civic action experiences as case studies for planning. Contextualization is the process of situating a civic issue within a community’s political and cultural climate. These three heuristics are sense-making activities that could be taught to and used by students to make sense of civic issues and possible actions available to them. Implications include the need for increased focus on the historical dimensions and personal relevance of civic action.
Abstract P134: Creating and Sustaining a Reliable Door to Balloon Process: The VHVI Experience

Background: Door to balloon time (D2B) ≤ 90 min reduces mortality in STEMI. Although many articles outline how to achieve a D2B ≤ 90 min, few address how to create a reliable D2B process longitudinally. Methods: We engaged in an institution-wide effort to yield iterative process and outcome improvement in D2B performance since 2006. A multidisciplinary team of ER physicians, interventional cardiologists, catheterization lab and ER nurses, hospital administrators, and emergency medical technicians (EMT) met monthly to redesign processes and systems and to review individual cases within 24 hours and aggregate data (monthly and yearly). Individual and aggregate case reviews interviewed EMTs, nurses, and physicians to capture specific clinical details in each case and employed statistical process control (SPC) charts to identify intervals of delay. Major outcome measures were total D2B time and % of patients with D2B ≤ 90 min. Results: From 2006-2009, our annual median D2B times were 75 min (n=11), 69.5 min (n=34), 65.5 min (n=38), and 55 min (n=49), respectively. Using an SPC proportions (p)-chart, we followed the performance of our system graphing the % of patients with a D2B ≤ 90 min. From 7/2006-4/2008, our process showed variation with regard to reliability despite improvement in median D2B. However, from 6/2008-1/2010 (19 months), we have achieved 100% reliability demonstrated on the p-chart. Conclusions: A sustainable D2B process can be achieved by a team of multidisciplinary stakeholders, iterative process redesign and SPC charts for individual and aggregate case review. Using SPC p-chart methodology, we achieved a higher level of reliability and performance.
Physical Properties of Pine Bark and Hardwood Bark Media and Their Effects with 4 Fertilizers on Growth of llex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ Holly

Pine bark (PB) and composted hardwood bark (HWB) were combined into 5 media. Particle size distribution, total porosity, air space, moisture retention characteristics, and bulk density were determined for each medium. Four commercial fertilizers were applied and substrate nitrogen levels, pH, % foliar nitrogen and top dry weight were determined for Ilex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly. Pine bark had approximately 84% of the particles between 4.75 and 1.0 mm (0.19 and 0.04 in). As HWB was added in 25% increments (by vol) the percent weight of particles in this range decreased. HWB increased bulk density, but did not significantly change total porosity. Hardwood bark and the 1:3 PB:HWB (v/v) medium held more water than other media. Nursery Special raised pH in all media treatments. Plants treated with SulfurKote tended to have the highest foliar nitrogen content. The Sierrablen in PB and SulfurKote in 3 PB:1 HWB and 1 PB:1 HWB (v/v) and HWB produced the greatest top dry weight.
Interrogation of side chain biases for oligomannose recognition by antibody 2G12 via structure-guided phage display libraries

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are essential reagents for deciphering gene or protein function and have been a fruitful source of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. However, developing anticarbohydrate antibodies to target glycans for those purposes has been less successful because the molecular basis for glycan-mAb interactions is poorly understood relative to protein- or peptide-binding mAbs. Here, we report our investigation on glycan-mAb interactions by using the unique architectural scaffold of 2G12, an antibody that targets oligomannoses on the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120, as the template for engineering highly specific mAbs to target glycans. We first analyzed 24 different X-ray structures of antiglycan mAbs from the Protein Data Bank to determine side chain amino acid distributions in of glycan-mAb interactions. We identified Tyr, Arg, Asn, Ser, Asp, and His as the six most prevalent residues in the glycan-mAb contacts. We then utilized this information to construct two phage display libraries ("Lib1" and "Lib2") in which positions on the heavy chain variable domains of 2G12 were allowed to vary in restricted manner among Tyr, Asp, Ser, His, Asn, Thr, Ala and Pro to interrogate the minimal physicochemical requirements for oligomannose recognition. We analyzed the sequences of 39 variants from Lib1 and 14 variants from Lib2 following selection against gp120, the results showed that there is a high degree of malleability within the 2G12 for glycan recognitions. We further characterized five unique phage clones from both libraries that exhibited a gp120-specific binding profile. Expression of two of these variants as soluble mAbs indicated that, while specificity of gp120-binding was retained, the affinity of these mutants was significantly reduced relative to WT 2G12. Nonetheless, the results indicate these is some malleability in the identity of contact residues and provide a novel insight into the nature of glycan-antibody interactions and how they may differ from protein-antibody binding interactions.
Risk factors for hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in critically ill children following cardiothoracic surgery or therapeutic cardiac catheterisation.

Background Paediatric hospital-associated venous thromboembolism is a leading quality and safety concern at children's hospitals. Objective The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in critically ill children following cardiothoracic surgery or therapeutic cardiac catheterisation. Methods We conducted a retrospective, case-control study of children admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit at Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital (St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America) from 2006 to 2013. Hospital-associated venous thromboembolism cases were identified based on ICD-9 discharge codes and validated using radiological record review. We randomly selected two contemporaneous cardiovascular intensive care unit controls without hospital-associated venous thromboembolism for each hospital-associated venous thromboembolism case, and limited the study population to patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgery or therapeutic cardiac catheterisation. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between putative risk factors and hospital-associated venous thromboembolism were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 2718 admissions to the cardiovascular intensive care unit during the study period, 65 met the criteria for hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (occurrence rate, 2%). Restriction to cases and controls having undergone the procedures of interest yielded a final study population of 57 hospital-associated venous thromboembolism cases and 76 controls. In a multiple logistic regression model, major infection (odds ratio=5.77, 95% confidence interval=1.06-31.4), age ⩽1 year (odds ratio=6.75, 95% confidence interval=1.13-160), and central venous catheterisation (odds ratio=7.36, 95% confidence interval=1.13-47.8) were found to be statistically significant independent risk factors for hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in these children. Patients with all three factors had a markedly increased post-test probability of having hospital-associated venous thromboembolism. Conclusion Major infection, infancy, and central venous catheterisation are independent risk factors for hospital-associated venous thromboembolism in critically ill children following cardiothoracic surgery or cardiac catheter-based intervention, which, in combination, define a high-risk group for hospital-associated venous thromboembolism.
Body dissatisfaction and suicidal ideation among psychiatric inpatients with eating disorders.

The current study the relationship between eating disorders (EDs) and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in adult inpatients. In particular, the present study investigated one potential mechanism, body dissatisfaction (BD), which may contribute to increased risk for suicide in adult ED patients. A sample of 432 psychiatric inpatients ranging from 18 to 65 years of age participated in the current study. Findings indicated that patients who have higher levels of BD also had higher levels of passive and active suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts. Higher levels of BD were also related to increased suicidal ideation after controlling for depression and emotion dysregulation. Although additional risk factors for suicide should be investigated in adults with EDs, this study provides evidence regarding the relationship between BD and risk for suicide ideation and attempt.
Efficiency of fall and spring broadcast fertilizer phosphorus application for corn and soybean in no-till

4 INTRODUCTION 5 MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 Sites and treatments 9 Statistical analysis and evaluation of crop response to the treatments 13 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 14 Corn and soybean grain yield responses 14 Corn and soybean early dry weight responses 17 Corn and soybean early P concentration responses 20 Corn and soybean early P uptake responses 22 Summary discussion 24 CONCLUSIONS 26 REFERENCES 27 CHAPTER 3: GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 45 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 47
Regulation of Angiogenesis by Androgen-Responsive Gene EAF2

Androgens regulate vascular regeneration through the induction of ­angiogenic factors such as VEGF in both normal prostate epithelial cells as well as hormone-responsive cancer cells. Androgen deprivation induces the apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive luminal epithelial or prostate cancer cells. Androgen deprivation also has an impact on the other cell types in the prostate tissue microenvironment including vascular endothelial cells. In animal models, castration results in not only a rapid involution of the prostate but also a reduction in prostatic endothelial cell proliferation, blood flow, and the induction of a hypoxic environment. Hypoxia is a well-known inducer of angiogenesis and neovascularization. Under hypoxic conditions, VHL protein levels decrease and the transcription factor HIF1α is stabilized and transactivates angiogenic factor VEGF. Previous studies have suggested that the tumor suppressor p53 is also induced by hypoxia. Increased p53 expression usually induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. However, p53 can also play a role in limiting angiogenesis through the upregulation of anti-angiogenic TSP-1, inhibition of HIF1α, and the transcriptional repression of VEGF. ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2) was identified as an androgen-responsive tumor suppressor gene that is decreased in prostate cancer and has been shown to regulate p53 target gene TSP-1, to bind and stabilize VHL and to upregulate HIF1α. Interaction of EAF2 and its binding partners p53 and VHL in the regulation of pro-angiogenic HIF1α and anti-angiogenic TSP-1 in the prostate may be critical for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these interacting pathways could lead to increased vascularization and prostate tumorigenesis.
Recurrent anterior transient subluxation of the shoulder. The "dead arm" syndrome.

Summary Attention is directed to a subtle, unresponsive cause of shoulder disability in the young adult who has sustained a forceful overextension of the shoulder. A careful office evaluation will identify this lesion. A number of factors differentiate it from the numerous other causes of shoulder disability. 1 Usually a young athletic adult. 2 A characteristic history of forceful overextension of the shoulder. 3 Poor response to routine types of treatment. 4 Negative radiographic study. 5 Usually a frustrated and discouraged patient because no one has diagnosed or helped his “dead arm.” 6 Consistent physical findings of a positive apprehension test.
Effects of Cognitive Demand and Judgment Strategy on Person Perception Accuracy

The present study examined the effects of cognitive demand and judgment strategy in performance on the Interpersonal Perception Task (Costanzo & Archer, 1989). The Interpersonal Perception Task (IPT) contains 30 brief, real-life scenes on videotape for which there are objectively correct answers to questions about status, intimacy, kinship, competition, and deception. A total of 142 participants were run in a 2 (high vs. low cognitive demand) × 2 (first impression vs. nonverbal cues strategy) × 2 (audiovisual vs. visual only modality) design. A significant Cognitive Demand × Judgment Strategy interaction supported the hypothesized benefit of a first impression strategy when participants experienced high, rather than low, cognitive demand. In contrast, participants receiving the nonverbal cues strategy had higher accuracy under low, rather than high, cognitive demand. The conditional effects of cognitive demand on person perception are considered and the larger role of cognitive resources in interaction is discussed.
Attributions and Achievement

The nature of attributions within educational settings has been the focus of a significant amount of research within the attribution literature. Because evaluation is such an integral part of our educational system, it is important to understand how students react to the feedback they receive about their schoolwork. Perceptions of whether they have succeeded or failed academically, along with analyses of why their performance was rated as such, can have a significant impact on expectancies for future performance, mood, and subsequent academic behavior. This chapter will review literature which describes the type of attributions students typically make following academic success or failure. The impact of these attributions on expectancies, mood, and future behavior also will be examined. Finally, literature will be reviewed which suggests that attributions can be modified in an attempt to improve future academic performance.
Abstract 3683: MR-Guided Targeted Delivery and Imaging of Magnetocapsules Immunoprotecting Pancreatic Islet Cells

PURPOSE Islet transplantation provides a fine regulation of insulin that is unachievable by exogenous insulin injection. A means of correlating long-term function of individual islets with the anatomical location and an effective method of transplantation is desired. To this end, we have developed novel alginate-based capsules containing Feridex which provide immunoisolation and enable MR imaging of islets in vivo . METHODS The protocol we have developed for synthesizing magnetocapsules is based upon the PLL-alginate protocol utilized for microen-capsulation. To the core layer of alginate, we have added Feridex at a concentration of 20% w/v. RESULTS The viability and insulin secretion of magnetoencapsulated human islets were not found to differ significantly from controls. Following intraperitoneal transplantation of magnetoencapsulated murine β-cells, diabetic mice (n=15) regained normoglycemic for the observed two months, whereas non-transplanted mice (n=15) remained severely hyperglycemic. Next, magnetocapsules were transplanted via targeted intraportal infusion into the liver of swine (n=5) using a novel transvenous procedure with a MR-trackable needle (Fig 1a,b); grafting throughout the entire liver was visible by a 1.5T MRI scanner (Fig 1c,d). In the swine in which human islets were transplanted, Human C-peptide could be detected for the three weeks in which the animal was observed at levels ranging from 0.26 to 0.47 ng/mL. CONCLUSION This study represents a first attempt towards transplanting encapsulated islets intraportally in a large-animal model and demonstrates that magnetocapsules are MR-trackable and maintain preserved islet function.
Optofluidic Cell Selection from Complex Microbial Communities for Single-Genome Analysis

Genetic analysis of single cells is emerging as a powerful approach for studies of heterogeneous cell populations. Indeed, the notion of homogeneous cell populations is receding as approaches to resolve genetic and phenotypic variation between single cells are applied throughout the life sciences. A key step in single-cell genomic analysis today is the physical isolation of individual cells from heterogeneous populations, particularly microbial populations, which often exhibit high diversity. Here, we detail the construction and use of instrumentation for optical trapping inside microfluidic devices to select individual cells for analysis by methods including nucleic acid sequencing. This approach has unique advantages for analyses of rare community members, cells with irregular morphologies, small quantity samples, and studies that employ advanced optical microscopy.
Mapt deletion fails to rescue premature lethality in two models of sodium channel epilepsy.

Deletion of Mapt, encoding the microtubule-binding protein Tau, prevents disease in multiple genetic models of hyperexcitability. To investigate whether the effect of Tau depletion is generalizable across multiple sodium channel gene-linked models of epilepsy, we examined the Scn1b-/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome, and the Scn8aN1768D/+ model of Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy. Both models display severe seizures and early mortality. We found no prolongation of survival between Scn1b-/-,Mapt+/+ , Scn1b-/-,Mapt+/-, or Scn1b-/-,Mapt-/- mice or between Scn8aN1768D/+,Mapt+/+ , Scn8aN1768D/+,Mapt+/- , or Scn8aN1768D/+,Mapt-/- mice. Thus, the effect of Mapt deletion on mortality in epileptic encephalopathy models is gene specific and provides further mechanistic insight.
Consistency and convergence of Eulerian Monte Carlo field method for solving transported probability density function equation in turbulence modeling

The transported probability density function (PDF) method is an attractive model for the closure of turbulent mixing and turbulent reactive flows. The transported PDF method suffers from the curse of dimensionality and an efficient numerical implementation of the method has always been a research topic of great importance. The Eulerian Monte Carlo field (EMCF) method (also termed as the stochastic field method) has been proposed as an efficient solution approach for solving the PDF transport equation for two decades. In this work, we revisit the EMCF method and examine its mathematical consistency analytically and numerically. It is found that the EMCF method is not mathematically consistent with the PDF transport equation that the method intends to solve. This creates a serious inconsistency issue and causes uncertainties in the yielded numerical solutions by EMCF. It is imperative to examine the effect of the inconsistency. We evaluate the effect of the inconsistency in a simplified turbulent mixing layer test case. Corrections to remedy the mathematical inconsistency are proposed and examined. The effectiveness of the corrections is demonstrated numerically through convergence testing. The effect of the Reynolds number on the inconsistency is explored. The impact of the inconsistency is also investigated in a thermal wake behind a line source in grid turbulence to assess the importance of the issue in real turbulence problems.
Cerebral Vasospasm Decision Support System for Neurosurgeons

This paper explores the formulation of an epistemic approach to Decision Support System (DSS) that have a plurality of various experts affecting said system. In fact, the authors have a DSS computational neuroscience DSS system for neurosurgeons to predict cerebral vasospasms. The problem is that various neurosurgeons will input diametrically opposed indices to the DSS. We propose combining argument theory, with logic to sit on top of our cerebral vasospasm DSS based on rough set theory. We start with integrating the patient’s features into each argument to provide an epistemic approach to an ensemble of decision trees. The goal is to provide neurosurgeons an opportunity to examine their own patient recommendations while countering their DSS responses to the group of neurosurgeons. We propose implementing principles of predicate calculus and formal argument definitions to identify consistency and other measures on the arguments, their associated models and the ontology encompassing them. Once the decision process has been captured, we hope to minimize the decision tree for ease of use.
Evaluation of the intensive outpatient clinic: study protocol for a prospective study of high-cost, high-need patients in the University of Utah Health system

Introduction The University of Utah (UofU) Health intensive outpatient clinic (IOC) is a primary care clinic for medically complex (high-cost, high-need) patients with Medicaid. The clinic consists of a multidisciplinary care team aimed at providing coordinated, comprehensive and patient-centred care. The protocol outlines the quantitative design of an evaluation study to determine the IOC’s effects on reducing healthcare utilisation and costs, as well as improving patient-reported health outcomes and quality of care. Methods and analysis High-risk patients, with high utilisation and multiple chronic illnesses, were identified in the Medicaid ACO population managed by the UofU Health plans for IOC eligibility. A prospective, case-control study design is being used to match 100 IOC patients to 200 control patients (receiving usual care within the UofU) based on demographics, health utilisation and medical complexity for evaluating the primary outcome of change in healthcare utilisation and costs. For the secondary outcomes of patient health and care quality, a prepost design will be used to examine within-person change across the 18 months of follow-up (ie, before and after IOC intervention). Logistic regression and hierarchical, longitudinal growth modelling are the two primary modelling approaches. Ethics and dissemination This work has received ethics approval by the UofU Institutional Review Board. Results from the evaluation of primary and secondary outcomes will be disseminated in scientific research journals and presented at national conferences.
Cigarette Smoke Induced Alterations in Bone Microarchitecture: Regional Differences in a Mouse Model

BackgroundOxidative stress from prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke plays a major role in the pathogenic process leading to COPD. An increased respiratory load due to altered lung and airway mechan...
On Modeling Three-Dimensional Estuarine and Marine Hydrodynamics

Abstract Recent advances of a three-dimensional numerical model of estuarine and marine hydrodynamics are described in this paper. In particular, the parameterization of the vertical turbulent transport based on a Reynolds stress model and the adaptation of a generalized curvilinear (or “boundary-fitted”) grid to the finite-difference model are highlighted. These two aspects of the three-dimensional numerical model, along with other features, allow accurate simulation of turbulent flows in estuarine and marine waters where complex geometry and bathymetry are generally present.
Constraints and stakes in enhancing archaeological landscapes in the digital age

Abstract: From the early 1980s, UNESCO has designated some of the world’s immovable masterpieces of archaeological interest as a World Heritage of Humanity. Some sites, here described as “archaeological landscapes”, are inseparably natural and cultural in nature, being deeply connected both to their ecological and geological environment, and to their cultural background both ancient and modern, including their economic and tourist potential. This multifaceted nature comes with specific natural and anthropogenic threats, as well as specific constraints on their preservation and enhancement. This celebrated but fragile heritage has recently benefited from the advances of the digital revolution, in the context of an “open society” approach to cultural assets. Through digital “copies” of archaeological sites and their environment, both online and as 3D replicas, such properties are today being preserved, examined, and circulated to the public on a global scale. Simultaneously, current trends in several disciplines dealing with heritage have started to question patrimonialization processes by addressing major anthropological and ethical issues. Within this transitional context, we here examine the case of archaeological landscapes, from the combined view-points of integrated management of heritage promotion, preservation, awareness-building and local economical development, in the perspective of present-day trends in museum science and patrimonial anthropology.
Effect of a Concussion on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in a General Population

Recent studies indicate concussion increases risk of musculoskeletal injury in specific groups of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the odds of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after concussion in a population-based cohort. International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revision (ICD-9, ICD-10) codes relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of a concussion and ACL tear were utilized to search the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) between 2000 and 2017. A total of 1653 unique patients with acute, isolated ACL tears were identified. Medical records for cases were reviewed to confirm ACL tear diagnosis and to determine history of concussion within 3 years prior to the ACL injury. Cases were matched by age, sex, and REP availability date to patients without an ACL tear (1:3 match), resulting in 4959 controls. The medical records of the matched control patients were reviewed to determine history of concussion. 39 patients with a concussion suffered an ACL injury up to 3 years after the concussion. The rate of prior concussion was higher in ACL-injured cases (2.4%) compared to matched controls with no ACL injury (1.5%). This corresponds to an odds ratio of 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.4; p = 0.015). Although activity level could not be assessed, there are increased odds of ACL injury after concussion in a general population. Based on the evidence of increased odds of musculoskeletal injury after concussion, standard clinical assessments should consider concussion symptom resolution as well as assessment of neuromuscular factors associated with risk of injuries.
How well do documented goals-of-care discussions for patients with stage IV cancer reflect communication best practices?

Written clinical communication regarding patients’ disease understanding and values may facilitate goal-concordant care, yet little is known about the quality of electronic health record (EHR) documentation. We sought to (1) describe frequency of communication best practices in EHR-documented goals-of-care discussions, and (2) assess whether templated notes improve quality of documentation. Researchers pulled text of EHR-documented goals-of-care discussions for hospitalized patients with Stage IV cancer from admission to 60-days follow-up. Text was included when in a single encounter the clinician addressed: (a) prognosis and/or illness understanding; and (b) goals and/or treatment options. Researchers qualitatively coded text based on guidelines for communication best practices, and noted if an EHR template was used. Forty-two percent (206/492) of patients had EHR-documented goals-of-care discussions. Text frequently described communication of cancer progression (89%), though rarely included prognosis (22%). Text often included patients’ goals and values (83%), and at least on specific treatment decision (82%). Communication about treatments was included for 98% of patients; common examples included cancer treatment (62%), hospice (62%), resuscitation (51%), or intensive care (38%). Clinicians documented making recommendations for 40% of patients. Text addressing patient emotional and spiritual concerns was uncommon (15%). Compared to free text, use of a template was associated with increased documentation of goals and values (80% vs. 61%, p < 0.01), but not other best practices. Insights from the study can be used to guide future training and research to study and improve the quality of documentation about goal of care, and its impact on goal-concordant care.
Population dynamics, seasonal ﬂuctuations and spatial distribution of the olive psyllid Euphyllura olivina Costa (Homoptera, Psyllidae) in Algeria

El psil·lid de l’olivera, Euphyllura olivina Costa (Homoptera; Psyllidae), provoca danys considerables als camps d’oliveres de la conca mediterrania, per tant n’afecta la produccio. Per avaluar la taxa d’infestacio i proporcionar elements de gestio integrada de plagues, el seguiment del cicle de vida i la bioecologia d’aquesta plaga es van dur a terme mitjancant un recompte periodic de poblacions a les fulles i branquetes de l’arbre del 29 de marc de 2019 al 27 de marc de 2020 a dues finques d’oliveres relativament llunyanes (Ain fares i Oued taria) a la wilaya de Mascara, Argelia. Els nostres resultats van mostrar que la infestacio es elevada als arbres de la granja de Oued taria. L’estudi de la bioecologia d’E. olivina va demostrar que aquesta plaga va desenvolupar dues generacions a l’any, a la primavera, en funcio dels factors climatics. Es va trobar una diferencia significativa entre l’abundancia relativa de les diferents etapes (ous, fase larvaria 1, 2, 3, 4, i 5, femella i mascle) i les orientacions cardinals. Les orientacions del sud i del centre es van infectar mes per la psyla. Les fluctuacions de les poblacions es van veure significativament afectades per les estacions a les dues finques.
Piezo-Optic Coefficients of Some Neodymium Doped Laser Glasses and Single Crystals of CaF 2 , BaF 2 and SrF 2

The piezo-birefringence coefficients of one neodymium doped phosphate laser glass and three neodymium doped fluorophosphate laser glasses have been measured at 0.6328 μm and 1.15 μm. All of the piezo-optic constants have been obtained for two of the glasses. The piezo-optic coefficients, q 1 1 , q 1 2 and q 4 4 , of CaF 2 , BaF 2 , and SrF 2 have been measured at 0.6328 μm, 1.15 μm, and 3.39 μm. The coefficients were obtained by interferometric and polarimetric techniques.