cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5169: Tissue analysis of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and catalase expression in patients with germ cell tumors (GCT)

Background: Testicular germ cell tumor (GCT) is the most common cancer in young men between 15 and 35 years of age. Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy will cure 70% of patients with metastatic GCT. Patients who relapse can still be cured with salvage standard-dose or high-dose chemotherapy. However, about 15% of patients with relapsed/refractory GCT are incurable. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a two-electron oxidoreductase elevated in several tumor types compared to normal tissue. NQO1 detoxifies quinones and reduces oxidative stress. NQO1 bioactivatable drugs induce DNA damage in cells overexpressing NQO1, but not in cells lacking it, hence delivering tumor-selective damage and cell death. Alterations in catalase expression can cause cytoprotection. The ratio of NQO1:catalase activities is presumed to be a predictive marker for therapeutic activity of NQO1 bioactivatable drugs. There is no existing data on NQO1 or catalase expression in GCTs. Methods: Patients with testicular or extra-gonadal GCT who had surgery between January 2016 and December 2018 were identified from the Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center Tissue Bank database. Patients with non-seminomatous GCT (NSGCT) of testis or primary mediastinal NSGCT were selected and specimens obtained. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on tumor tissue to determine the quantity and intensity of NQO1 and catalase expression. Results: NQO1 and catalase expression were determined in 16 patients. Thirteen specimens stained moderately to strongly positive for NQO1. Only 1 specimen stained negative. Conversely, no specimen stained strongly positive for catalase, and only 2 stained moderately positive. Fourteen specimens were catalase deficient or only mildly positive for catalase. The details of the immunostaining is summarized in the table below. Conclusions: NSGCTs appear to have high levels of NQO1 and deficiency of catalase. NQO1 bioactivatable agents could serve as a potential therapeutic approach in patients with refractory testicular GCTs. Citation Format: Neda Hashemi Sadraei, Nabil Adra, Constance Temm, Kenneth A. Kesler, Muhammad T. Idrees, David A. Boothman, Lawrence Einhorn. Tissue analysis of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and catalase expression in patients with germ cell tumors (GCT) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5169.
The impact of school gardens on youth social and emotional learning: a scoping review

Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) has five competencies: relationship skills, responsible decision-making, self-awareness, social awareness, and self-management. A promising practice to promote p...
Recent advances in understanding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and emerging therapies

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons and subsequent progressive loss of muscle function. Within the last decade, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the etiology and pathobiology of the disease; however, treatment options remain limited and only two drugs, which exert a modest effect on survival, are approved for ALS treatment in the US. Therefore, the search for effective ALS therapies continues, and over 60 clinical trials are in progress for patients with ALS and other therapeutics are at the pre-clinical stage of development. Recent advances in understanding the genetics, pathology, and molecular mechanisms of ALS have led to the identification of novel targets and strategies that are being used in emerging ALS therapeutic interventions. Here, we review the current status and mechanisms of action of a selection of emerging ALS therapies in pre-clinical or early clinical development, including gene therapy, immunotherapy, and strategies that target neuroinflammation, phase separation, and protein clearance.
Examining the Psychometric Equivalency of MMPI-3 Scale Scores Derived From the MMPI-3 and the MMPI-2-RF-EX.

The current study evaluated the comparability of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3 (MMPI-3) scale scores derived from the 335-item MMPI-3 to MMPI-3 scale scores derived from the 433-ite...
Experience of burnout among pediatric inpatient nurse preceptors

Abstract Background There is a paucity of research describing burnout among nurses who work in the role of a preceptor, in the inpatient setting. In 2017, precepting nurses at an academic children's hospital were surveyed using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBI). Results of the survey inspired leadership to further explore this phenomenon using key informant interviews. Methods Prospective qualitative description with individual interviews analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results In regard to burnout, five themes illustrated the experiences of precepting nurses. “Feeling the Responsibility” reflected the cognitive stain of precepting. “An Obligation to the Role,” reflected the dimensions of the OBI that addressed distancing and decreased interest in the work. However, preceptors described positive experiences “It Challenges Me Every Day,” awareness of resources “Nursing Response,” and insights for improving the preceptor program, “Future Strategies.” Conclusions While elements of the OBI were salient in the data, three inductive themes highlighted the balance of positive challenges and learning opportunities that inspire preceptors.
Characterizing hernia centers in the United States: what defines a hernia center?

A universal definition for what constitutes a hernia center does not exist. The purpose of this study was to characterize hernia centers in the United States by analyzing hernia centers and their non-hernia center counterparts. A web-based search was conducted to identify defining features of hernia centers including faculty demographics and composition, research output, research funding, clinical trials, and website content. Hernia centers and non-hernia centers were compared. Most hernia centers (n = 36) are in urban areas (89%) and distributed evenly across regions of the United States. Hernia centers are associated with University program types (p = 0.001) while non-hernia centers are associated with University-Affiliate (p = 0.001) and Community (p = 0.02) program types. Hernia centers are associated with Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative participation (p = 0.01) and Center of Excellence by the Surgical Review Corporation certification (p = 0.005). Hernia centers are associated with presence of active clinical trials (p < 0.001) and number of clinical trials (p < 0.001). Hernia centers are associated with industry-sponsored trials (p < 0.001) but are not associated with NIH-sponsored trials. Fifty percent of hernia centers have PRS faculty. The vast majority of hernia center websites describe hernias treated (92%) and repair techniques (89%). The majority of hernia center mission statements emphasize an individualized care plan (61%) and multidisciplinary care (57%). Only 39% of websites and 17% of mission statements mention research. In the United States, hernia centers are clinically oriented, multidisciplinary surgical teams at predominantly urban, University programs that may use this title to attract patient referrals and industry sponsorship of clinical trials.
‘Museums and the display of international friendship: diplomatic interests, American philanthropy, and preserving Thomas Carlyle’s London House, c. 1894.’

It is generally recognised that towards the end of the nineteenth century the Anglo-American relationship entered a new phase characterised by friendship-building initiatives. However, as American ...
Cervical cancer screening varies by HPV vaccination status among a National Cohort of privately insured young women in the United States 2006-2016.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in young women is low. Women aged 21 to 65 years in the United States (U.S.) have not reached the Healthy People 2020 objective of 93% for cervical cancer screening. The main aim of this study was to investigate the association between HPV vaccination status and cervical cancer screening among privately insured women aged 21 to 26 years in the U.S. This was a retrospective cohort study using the IBM MarketScan database (2006–2016). The study population included 190,982 HPV-vaccinated women and 763,928 matched unvaccinated women. Adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using the generalized estimating equations models with a Poisson distribution. Among a total of 954,910 women included in the analysis, age (mean [SD]) was 23.3 [1.6] years. During 967,317 person-years of follow-up, a total of 475,702 incidents of cervical cancer screening were identified. The incidence density rates of cervical cancer screening were 461 per 1000 person-years (PY) for unvaccinated women and 787 per 1000 PY for those who received 3 doses of the HPV vaccine. After adjusting for other covariates, the IRR of cervical cancer screening was 34% higher among HPV-vaccinated women with at least one vaccine dose than unvaccinated women (adjusted IRR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.33–1.35; P < .0001). The IRR of cervical cancer screening varied by the dose of HPV vaccination. There was evidence of a linear dose–response relationship between the number of HPV vaccine doses and cervical cancer screening (P-trend < .0001). Compared with unvaccinated women, the IRR of cervical cancer screening were 14%, 39%, and 60% higher among those who received 1, 2, and 3 doses of the HPV vaccine, respectively. In this large retrospective cohort study of privately insured women, HPV-vaccinated women were more likely to be screened for cervical cancer compared with unvaccinated women.
Too much policing: Why calls are made to defund the police:

The repeat use of fatal force against unarmed people of color has driven global protests against police violence and fueled criticism of policing as a mechanism for public safety. In the US, calls ...
«Hacer vivir y dejar morir»: foucault y la genealogía del racismo

Este articulo aborda el seminario de Foucault de 1975-6 titulado Il faut defendre la societe, o Defender la sociedad. El articulo no pretende resumir el curso, sino mas bien discernir una constelacion de puntos de partida radicales en el pensamiento de Foucault. nos enfocaremos en la fuerte critica a la hipotesis represiva del poder o hobbesiana, y el desarrollo de una concepcion productiva o genealogica del poder. Esto esta conectado con la cuestion del papel productivo del racismo en una nueva forma de poder y soberania, una que Foucault denomina biopoder. El racismo es analizado en terminos de como reintroduce en la soberania biopolitica el poder de matar y de hacer morir, un poder que se ha distanciado de la soberania en tanto se ha convertido en una forma de poder pastoral, como Foucault argumenta luego en sus conferencias. Finalmente, discutimos las formas en las cuales el analisis inmensamente original de Foucault en racismo puede ser utilizado en el contexto estadounidense para comprender la reiteracion y virulencia de actos de violencia contra los sujetos racialmente marcados, y como esto desafia la filosofia politica de nuestros tiempos
EFFECT OF pH AND AMMONIUM IONS ON THE PERMEABILITY OF BACILLUS PASTEURII

Wiley, W. R. (Washington State University, Pullman), and J. L. Stokes. Effect of pH and ammonium ions on the permeability of Bacillus pasteurii. J. Bacteriol. 86:1152–1156. 1963.—Cell suspensions of Bacillus pasteurii require an alkaline pH (8.5 to 9.0) and NH4+ for the oxidation of low concentrations (4 μm) of fumaric acid, glutamic acid, alanine, and other oxidizable substrates. In contrast, cells disrupted by a French press or by lysozyme oxidize these substrates at pH 7.2 and without NH4+. Moreover, the alkaline pH and NH4+ inhibit substrate oxidation by the broken cells. These striking differences between whole and disrupted cells suggest that pH and NH4+ affect whole cells externally and not internally. It appears that the alkaline pH is needed to convert NH4+ to free NH3. The latter in turn is required by the cells for the transport of low concentrations of substrate across the cell membrane. At high concentrations (20 to 250 μm), substrates force entry into the cells by simple diffusion, thereby eliminating the need for a high pH and NH4+ for oxidation.
Regulation of glutamine synthetase. I. Purification and properties of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli.

Abstract The glutamine synthetase of Escherichia coli, which is subject to cumulative feedback inhibition by eight different products of glutamine metabolism, is also regulated by repression. The enzyme is repressed by growth on media containing readily available nitrogen, such as yeast extract-peptone or high concentrations of ammonium salts. A twentyfold derepression occurs with growth-limiting concentrations of ammonia or by growth on glutamate as the sole nitrogen source. In contrast, the level of glutamate dehydrogenase is high after growth on elevated ammonium salt levels and is low with growth on glutamate. Glutamine synthetase from derepressed cells has been purified 180-fold, and was obtained as a crystalline protein which is homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and by disc gel electrophoresis. Apparent Km values were determined for the various substrates and activators involved in the synthesis of glutamine from ATP, glutamate, and NH3 as well as for the enzyme-catalyzed transfer of the γ-glutamyl group from glutamine to hydroxylamine. Divalent cation activator effects were examined with respect to the pH optimum of the enzyme and utilization of substrate. Whereas Mn++ is specifically required in the transfer reaction when high levels of hydroxylamine are used, Mg++ will replace Mn++ as an activator in the overall reaction resulting in glutamine formation. The ability of analogues of glutamate, ATP, ADP, and ammonia to replace the normal substrates has been explored. In contrast to glutamine synthetases from other sources, the E. coli enzyme exhibits marked specificity for the l isomer of glutamate. Analytical ultracentrifugation, amino acid analyses, manganese determination, and light-scattering measurements have been performed, and indicate that the enzyme has a molecular weight of 680,000. Glutamine synthetase may be disaggregated into 12 or 14 subunits, this occurring in the presence of 5 m guanidine, or 1 m urea and 0.01 m EDTA. Fingerprint analyses of tryptic peptides of the enzyme suggest that all of the subunits are identical.
Acetaminophen: Dose-Dependent Drug Hepatotoxicity and Acute Liver Failure in Patients

Background: Drug-induced liver injury is a rare but serious clinical problem. A number of drugs can cause severe liver injury and acute liver failure at therapeut
Physiology and anatomy of the cortico-oculomotor mechanism.

Publisher Summary Under appropriate experimental conditions, especially using an encephale isolt rhesus monkey in the unanesthetized state, conjugate contralateral eye movements may be elicited by stimulation of wide areas of the cerebral cortex. The area caudal and rostra1 to the rolandic sulcus does not yield movements upon stimulation. The results are summarized in this chapter, which also indicates those areas that produce upward and downward components as well. Most eye movements obtained under the conditions noted are saccadic in nature. The state of consciousness, whether asleep or awake, whether anesthetized or not, is an important factor in the results obtained in mapping the eye fields. The maps described in the present paper show a wider distribution of sensitive points than do others. Details of projections from different areas of the cortex cannot easily be outlined by physiological methods. If the excitable areas of the brain are stimulated via implanted electrodes in normal, unrestrained monkeys, the result is patterned head and eye movements along with appropriate body and limb movements. The results obtained during both acute and chronic experiments indicating widespread excitable brain areas and a variety of responses, show that conjugate eye movements are integral portions of many behavioral functions, including vision, audition, arousal, orientation, and defensive reactions, and, of course, postural and equilibrium motor behavior.
Combat Experience, Comradeship, and Psychological Health

The twentieth century is marked by events of drastic, traumatic change. These include mass immigration and internment, severe economic downturns, as in the Great Depression, famine, and wars. What imprint did these experiences have on the lives of men and women, the young and old? In Bitter Wounds, a profoundly moving book on German victims of World War II, Robert Whalen (1984) concludes with an observation that is too obvious and readily ignored: “when wars are over, all the people whose lives have been shattered do not simply return to normal. Everyone involved in a war is in some way a war victim” (p. 15). Many of these victims are also war survivors, now in their later years.
Ethics of Tax Lawyering

This is the 2015 revision of the CALI eLangdell casebook chapter. This chapter’s objective is to raise interesting tax ethics issues in practical contexts. There are notes and questions to prompt and guide discussions, and primary source materials to inform classroom discussions (e.g., cases, IRC provisions, and Circular 230 excerpts). The topics considered include: sharing the tax profession with CPAs; regulating tax lawyering through the criminal and civil penalties of the IRC, Circular 230; and malpractice standards, written tax opinions, tax shelters, mistakes by clients, mistakes by the IRS, and working with the IRS. Faculty may log in to the CALI website for teaching notes and more information.
Epidemiology and Natural History of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of liver disease burden across the world. By definition, although the histopathologic features of NAFLD are identical to that of alcoholic liver disease, its diagnosis requires absence of significant alcohol use and absence of other causes of chronic liver disease. We now know that NAFLD is not simply a disease of the Western world. It is manifested across the world, in varying rates, across gender, across varying ethnicities, and in its association with other host factors. In this review article, the definition of NAFLD, its spectrum, ranging from mild steatosis to hepatocellular injury and inflammation defined as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is discussed. Mild steatosis is generally a stable disease whereas NASH can be progressive. Based on current published literature, current incidence and prevalence of NAFLD and NASH are discussed. It is also accepted that these processes will continue to increase in prevalence with the rise of obesity, type II diabetes, and associated metabolic syndrome. Some of the risk factors have been well-established and are discussed. In addition, this review also presents emerging associations with other risk factors for NAFLD. Natural history of NAFLD is variable depending upon the histologic subtypes and other underlying comorbidities and is discussed in this review as well.
Theoretical studies of the K+ affinities of bases: a comparison of K+ and Li+ affinities

Abstract We have carried out ab initio calculations on interactions of K + affinities of some amines, alcohols, ethers, cyanides and amides to try to understand substituent effects on K + affinities as well as the differences between K + and Li + affinities. The calculated methyl substituent effect on K + affinities is in disagreement with experiment, in contrast to the Li + affinities. The Likely source of this disagreement is either the inadequacy of “double zeta” basis to correctly represent the polarization energy or to the fact that these SCF calculations do not include dispersion attraction.
Measuring spontaneous devaluations in user preferences

Spontaneous devaluation in preferences is ubiquitous, where yesterday's hit is today's affliction. Despite technological advances facilitating access to a wide range of media commodities, finding engaging content is a major enterprise with few principled solutions. Systems tracking spontaneous devaluation in user preferences can allow prediction of the onset of boredom in users potentially catering to their changed needs. In this work, we study the music listening histories of Last.fm users focusing on the changes in their preferences based on their choices for different artists at different points in time. A hazard function, commonly used in statistics for survival analysis, is used to capture the rate at which a user returns to an artist as a function of exposure to the artist. The analysis provides the first evidence of spontaneous devaluation in preferences of music listeners. Better understanding of the temporal dynamics of this phenomenon can inform solutions to the similarity-diversity dilemma of recommender systems.
Synthesis of silicon nitride films using the are technique

Abstract Synthesis of silicon nitride films using the activated reactive evaporation (ARE technique was investigated with the objective of obtaining films with a low concentration of hydrogen for the possible application as an encapsulant for annealing compound semiconductors. Silicon was evaporated in a radio frequency (r.f.) excited nitrogen plasma. The effects of deposition conditions and annealing on properties of the films will be discussed.
Effects of Peer-Models Vs. Adult-Models and Social Reinforcement on Intentionality of Children's Moral Judgments

Summary Kindergarten and first-grade children giving nonintentional moral judgments were divided into three equated groups (Ns = 6), in each of two studies. Two groups performed with models (adult or peer) giving intentionality responses, with the third a control. During training, three Ss and three models in a group performing alternately were given social reinforcement for intentionality responses to Piaget-type stories. On an immediate posttest, both training groups in each study showed significant intentionality response gains from pretest and significantly exceeded their control group (ps < .05), while not differing significantly from each other. In study #2, a delayed posttest showed similar training durability for both training groups; both increased nonsignificantly in intentionality responses, continuing to exceed the controls (ps < .05).
Peasant Women and Economic Transformation in The Gambia

The focus of this article on Gambian women in development schemes is on the effect of gender equity objectives in international donors on women involved in irrigated rice and vegetable production. 3 issues are discussed: 1) the specific position of women in national strategies of economic transformation 2) the gender conflicts over access to productive resources due to new ways of producing commodities and 3) the importance of womens conflicts over land access to their participation in contract farming. Sections are devoted to the nature of contract farming irrigated rice development and food security objectives and irrigated horticulture and developing the Gambias comparative advantage. The conclusion is reached that there have been contradictory consequences for womens labor income opportunities and access to land for independent farming. Because of the way contract farming was set up women perform the labor-intensive field work in both rice and vegetable production while male households heads derive the benefits. Womens income levels remain below the minimum daily wage of 9 dalasis. Alternative income-earning possibilities are not in and of themselves sufficient to improve womens status. In the example given women in Jahaly-Pacharr households have benefited because of their demands and success is only partially related to the improvement in access to credit and markets. Mandinka females were made landless by project implementation. Access to land was dependent on their ability to negotiate remuneration for their labor. Sometimes the only alternative was to form work groups for hire instead of working year round without compensation. In addition to involving women in the sale of their labor power and/or elementary sharecropping the project led to women organizing as a group with common interests. One strategy is to gain access to male-controlled uplands through non-government-organization supported vegetable gardens. The challenge is to maintain harmonious relations with donors and follow their directives while defending access to individual plots and complying with contract farmed vegetable schemes. In the process of African agrarian land transformation land is becoming scarce and land concentration is occurring in both private and communal holdings. Donor-funded irrigation projects have started struggles for control over the productive resources at the household the state and regional levels. Women do not do well in more efficient forms of labor control. There is a crucial linkage between womens changing division of labor and emerging class structures.
Short-life fatigue under combined stresses:

AbstractMost of the short-life fatigue tests have been carried out in push-pull or in reversed bending. Many machine parts and structural elements, however, are subjected to combined rather than uniaxial fatigue loads. This work is intended to demonstrate a possible approach to solving the problem of short-life fatigue failures due to a multiaxial stress-strain system.The paper includes a review of the available literature relevant to the problem. The more important experimental findings are summarized and presented in the form of diagrams. Various approaches toward the solution of the problems are discussed, and a new approach is proposed.It is demonstrated in this paper that the use of an ‘equivalent-strain parameter’ calculated from the Mises law is not suitable in the description of the problem. It was found that when the strain Δ∊ in the direction of the maximum stress is adopted as a strain parameter and a stress-dependent parameter L is introduced, all of the results can be described by the followi...
Uniform convergence of Galerkin-multigrid methods for nonconforming finite elements for second-order problems with less than full elliptic regularity †

In this article we prove uniform convergence estimates for the recently developed Galerkin-multigrid methods for nonconforming finite elements for second-order problems with less than full elliptic regularity. These multigrid methods are defined in terms of the “Galerkin approach,” where quadratic forms over coarse grids are constructed using the quadratic form on the finest grid and iterated coarse-to-fine intergrid transfer operators. Previously, uniform estimates were obtained for problems with full elliptic regularity, whereas these estimates are derived with less than full elliptic regularity here. Applications to the nonconforming P1, rotated Q1, and Wilson finite elements are analyzed. The result applies to the mixed method based on finite elements that are equivalent to these nonconforming elements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 203–217, 2002; DOI 10.1002/num.10004
Single-shot 60 dB dynamic range laser contrast measurement using fourth-order cross-correlation from self-referencing-spectral-interferometry (FOX-SRSI)

Fourth-order cross-correlation of the laser pulse is obtained from the spectral interferogram produced from the laser pulse and a self-created reference pulse. High dynamic range contrast measurement (60 dB) is demonstrated by measuring an imposed pre-pulse.
Mechanism of Paradoxical Ventricular Septal Motion After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Paradoxical septal motion is commonly noted on echocardiography after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but its mechanism is unclear. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and 3 months after CABG in 23 patients. On a mid–left ventricular short-axis cine image, the motion of myocardial landmarks during the cardiac cycle was ascertained relative to a stationary anterior reference point. Before CABG, the movement of the ventricular septum in systole was either posterior or neutral (median −2 mm) in 19 patients, whereas after CABG, the septum moved anteriorly in all 23 patients (+4 mm; p
Parenteral calcitriol for treatment of severe renal osteodystrophy in children with chronic renal insufficiency.

Renal osteodystrophy is a common and incapacitating complication of chronicrenal failure in children. Standard therapy with oral calcium supplements, phosphate binders, and vitamin D preparations is often inadequate to control progressive bone disease. We report the use of parenteral calcitriol therapy in two children, aged 2 and 15 years, respectively, with chronic renal failure. This treatment effectively suppressed secondary hyperparathyroidism in both patients, causing a nearly 50% reduction in circulating parathyroid hormone level and a parallel decline in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. In the younger patient, therapy was associated with healing of subperiosteal bone resorption and accelerated growth velocity. These findings indicate that parenteral administration of calcitriol may be an effective treatment option in some patients with refractory renal osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Emotional Responses on Initial Exposure to a Hedonic or Utilitarian Description of a Radical Innovation

Recent research advocates the importance of emotions in new product development. We investigate whether initial exposure to either a hedonic or utilitarian description of an innovation increases willingness to try the innovation. We extend Wood and Moreau's (2006) expectations-emotions-evaluation model to include the role of arousal, perceived risk (a negative evaluation), and willingness to try. We find that the model is significantly different for hedonic and utilitarian descriptions of a radical innovation (automated highway). We also find that the effect of arousal on positive (optimism) and negative (anxiety) emotions is greater for hedonic rather than utilitarian descriptions. Finally, we replicate our results using real-world descriptions of two radical innovations. We discuss our results and provide managerial implications and limitations of our research.
Peer Perceptions and Liking of Children with Anxiety Disorders

Examined three aspects of childhood anxiety and peer liking: (1) whether or not children can detect anxiety in age-mates, (2) the degree to which peer-reported anxiety, self-reported anxiety, and presence of anxiety disorders are associated with peer liking, and (3) whether or not self-reported anxiety and presence of anxiety disorders are associated with peer liking after controlling for peer-reported anxiety. Peer raters (9.5–12.5 years) rated videotaped speech samples of target children with anxiety disorders (AD; 9.5–13 years) and target children without anxiety disorders (NAD; 9.5–13 years). Peer-rated anxiety was positively correlated with target children’s self-reported anxiety and was higher among children with AD and children with social phobia (SP). Peer liking was inversely related to peer-reported anxiety and was lower for target children with SP. Target children with SP were liked less regardless of how anxious peers perceived them to be. Peer rater and target child demographics did not moderate the relationship between peer-rated anxiety and peer liking.
Simplified RCS iterations

We give a simplified treatment of revised countable support (RCS) forcing iterations, previously considered by Shelah (see [Sh, Chap. X]). In particular we prove the fundamental theorem of semi-proper forcing, which is due to Shelah: any RCS iteration of semi-proper posets is semi-proper.
Heidegger's Hermeneutic of Fallenness

PAUL TILLICH'S DISCUSSION of the Fall seeks to mediate between the biblical narrative and the religious situation of modem individuals. Tillich deliteralizes the biblical narrative, arguing that "theology must clearly and unambiguously represent 'the Fall' as a symbol for the human situation universally, not as the story of an event that happened 'once upon a time' " (29). When literally interpreted, the narrative of the Fall describes an event that is isolated in a particular spatial and temporal location, although its effects are understood to be experienced universally. Tillich's concern, however, is that theological concepts and images should be able to address more directly the pressing dilemmas of human existential situations. Fallenness is experienced in a variety of ways in the course of individual and social existence. According to Tillich, theology must take upon itself the task of speaking to the complex realities of such experiences. The mediation at the heart of Tillich's work maintains the universal scope of theological discourse, without isolating this universality from the particularity and immediacy of human experience. Tillich's notion of "falling" addresses issues and concerns that are endemic to the human situation. He describes fallenness as "the transition from essence to existence" (29). This transitional movement is expressed in terms of the problems of innocence and temptation, as well as in relation to the "lessons" of experience and the problem of estrangement from the ground of Being (31ff.). In order to maintain the tension and estrangement of the transition from innocence to experience, Tillich's argument requires the presupposition of an understanding of the nature of "essential Being" (33, 36ff.). The binary opposition between essence and existence, however, involves positing essences that can be apprehended apart from existential fluctuations. This positing is an instance of the type of "metaphysical" presupposition that has been
Interfaith Dialogue and the Golden Age of Christian-Jewish Relations

Since the 1960s, remarkable changes have taken place in the relationship between the Christian and Jewish communities in the West. A movement of interfaith dialogue stood at the center of the developments, serving as a catalyst that helped to bring about reconciliation and improvement in the attitudes of Christians towards Jews. Beginning in the English-speaking world at the turn of the twentieth century, the dialogue between Jews and non-Jews gained more ground in the decades between the two world wars. The movement of interfaith reconciliation advanced considerably in the years after World War II and reached a "golden age" in the late 1960s and 1970s, when an unprecedented momentum for reconciliation and dialogue between the faiths flourished in Europe, America, Israel, and other countries. Despite occasional set-backs and while involving mostly members of liberal or mainstream groups, this movement helped to improve the relationship between Christians and Jews in an unprecedented manner and on a worldwide scale.
Steps toward validity in active living research: Research design that limits accusations of physical determinism

"Active living research" has been accused of being overly "physically deterministic" and this article argues that urban planners must continue to evolve research and address biases in this area. The article first provides background on how researchers have dealt with the relationship between the built environment and health over years. This leads to a presentation of how active living research might be described as overly deterministic. The article then offers lessons for researchers planning to embark in active-living studies as to how they might increase validity and minimize criticism of physical determinism.
Immunohistochemical localization and distribution of cyclic nucleotides in the rat mandibular condyle in response to an induced occlusal change.

Cyclic AMP and guanosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cGMP) are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in vitro. A unilateral occlusal splint 1 mm high was fabricated on the maxillary right posterior teeth of adult male rats. Animals were treated for 0, 6, 12, 24 hr and 7 days. Serial sagittal sections of fresh-frozen, unfixed, undemineralized jaws were processed immunohistochemically for localization of cAMP and cGMP. In the control condylar cartilage, the cells in both intermediate (I) and hypertrophie (H) zones stained uniformly for cAMP. In the treated condyle, the cells in I showed less cAMP staining at 6 and 12 h and a marked reduction at 24 h. The staining pattern for cGMP in the control was generally weak with noticeable deposits at the cell periphery. In the treated condyle, the cells in I stained intensely for cGMP at 12 and 24 h. The staining pattern and intensity for cyclic nucleotides in H was almost unaffected by the change in occlusion. Occlusal alterations thus affect the activity of the condylar cartilage cells preferentially in the intermediate zone. The rapid decline of cAMP- and elevation of cGMP staining intensity suggests that these nucleotides play a significant role in condylar cell proliferation in vivo.
Frequency Dependence of the Scattering Probability of Nearly Monochromatic Phonons

The probability of nearly monochromatic phonons scattering from atomic scattering sites in SrF2 is examined experimentally and theoretically. Phonon distributions are obtained at three frequencies using successively Sn, Pb0.5Tl0.5 and Pb superconducting flourescer films driven by constanfan heater films. These generators yield, respectively, phonon distributions with narrow band maxima at 287, 407 and G70 GHz. The phonon distributions are propagated through single crystals of SrF2 containing 0.1 mole % of Eu2+. Time of flight measurements of nanosecond duration phonon pulses propagated across the crystal are taken with carefully monitored aluminum superconducting bolometers. The ratio of the integrated diffusive component to the integrated ballistic component of the observed signal is taken as a measure of the scattering probability. The scattering probabilities, normalized to the 287 GHz result, vary with increasing phonon frequency as 1:16:66 as compared to that expected from simple Rayleigh scattering, i.e., a ω4 dependence, of 1:4:30. A comparison will be made between the experimental results and a calculation of the frequency dependence of the scattering probability based on the T-matric formalism for a mass defect with small, local force constant changes leading to a broad scattering resonance in the 2 to 3 THz region.
Palmitoyl ascorbate-modified liposomes as nanoparticle platform for ascorbate-mediated cytotoxicity and paclitaxel co-delivery.

Abstract Ascorbate has multiple biological roles and chemical interactions, some of which differ between normal and cancerous tissues. Biological effects of ascorbate depend on concentration, route of exposure, and duration of exposure. High-dose ascorbate acts as a pro-oxidant in tissue fluids and delivers peroxide to tissues and fluids, which is then detoxified by erythrocytes and plasma catalase in normally perfused areas. We have previously shown that nanoparticles incorporating palmitoyl ascorbate (PA) targeted and killed cancer cells in vitro . Here, our studies provide additional indications of the importance of extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the anti-cancer-toxicity by PA-liposomes. Cell death in vitro can be blocked by catalase, superoxide dismutase, and the thiol reductant TCEP. Intracellullar iron may also play a role. Iron chelation by desferrioxamine inhibited cell death but EDTA did not. Further, the fluorescent marker of ROS production in cells indicated that the PA-liposomes caused an increase in ROS. Fluorescent microscopy of tumor sections taken at 3 h after injection of rhodamine-labeled liposomes demonstrated an increased accumulation of PA-liposomes compared to plain liposomes. However, the overall biodistribution of 111 In-labeled PA-liposomes was similar to plain liposomes. PA-liposomes provided substantial anti-tumor activity in vivo and enhanced the anti-cancer activity of liposomally encapsulated paclitaxel. Thus, nanoparticles incorporating PA provide a platform for enhancement of the anti-tumor activity of ascorbate.
Teleology, Utilitarianism, and Christian Ethics

Le reexamen des normes morales dans le catholicisme contemporain. Accent mis sur la teleologie de Richard McCormick.
On the Quantum Theory of the Specific Heat of Hydrogen Part II Comparison of Various Theories with Experiment

The most recent experimental data on the specific heat of hydrogen are reviewed and average values are given for various temperatures up to 1000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At room temperatures many values are available but they do not check among themselves. At high temperatures the values of the specific heat are not at all certain. Computations are made using different minimum values of the rotational quantum numbers and different a priori probabilities for both rigid and elastic models. The most successful temperature specific heat curve at both high and low temperatures and based upon an elastic model is obtained with (a) the a priori probability $p=2m$ for whole quanta and (b) $p=2m$, $m=\frac{1}{2}$ excluded, for half quanta. It is shown that half integral vibrational quantum numbers do not appreciably affect the specific heat except to change an arbitrary constant. In scheme (b) the normal vibration frequency agrees almost exactly with the value which Witmer has obtained from spectroscopic measurements.
Association of Populations of Onychiurid Collembola with Damage to Sugar-beet Seedlings

SUMMARY In eastern England Onychiurus armatus (Tullb.) and 0. fimetarius (L.) were found associated with damaged sugar-beet seedling roots soon after sowing in mid-March, 1973, when the mean soil temperature ranged from 3 to 11 °C; observations confirmed that 0. armatus caused similar damage to seedlings und.er laboratory conditions. In field experiments Onychiurus spp. were always more numerous in the seedling root zone than between the seedling rows, but different seed spacings had no significant effect on the extent of aggregation around individual sugar-beet seedlings in the cotyledon or early rough-leaf stages.
An algorithm for optimal waste heat recovery from chemical processes

Abstract We describe a computer algorithm designed to calculate the optimal energy extraction in the form of heat used for steam raising from chemical processes. The concepts are illustrated using chemical plant stream data in a process with multiple distillation columns. Pinch analysis is first applied to find the grand composite curve (GCC) of the problem, which is then used by the algorithm to determine the maximum mass flow rate of steam that can be produced from process waste heat. An analysis of the effects of the minimum temperature of approach Δ T min on the optimal steam raising result is also conducted, and it is found that, in general, a higher Δ T min will reduce the percentage heat recovery from the process.
Strategies for Myocardial Repair

The therapeutic recourse for end-stage heart disease is currently limited to cardiac transplantation. The ability to augment cardiomyocyte number in an end-stage heart might facilitate myocardial function. Augmentation of cardiomyocyte number may be achievable by the targeted expression of cell cycle regulatory genes to the myocardium. Alternatively, intracardiac grafting of exogenous cardiomyocytes might also provide a viable approach to augment cardiomyocyte number. Potential strategies for heart muscle regeneration via gene therapy and cellular transplantation are discussed.(J Interven Cardiol 1995;8:387–393)
Cardiovascular Effects of Obesity: Implications for Critical Care

Obesity has become a global health crisis. The effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system pose a unique challenge for the critical care nurse. This article reviews the scope of the problem, the alterations in the cardiovascular structures and function, and the implications for critical care nursing.
Co-optimization of multiple relevance metrics in web search

Several relevance metrics, such as NDCG, precision and pSkip, are proposed to measure search relevance, where different metrics try to characterize search relevance from different perspectives. Yet we empirically find that the direct optimization of one metric cannot always achieve the optimal ranking of another metric. In this paper, we propose two novel relevance optimization approaches, which take different metrics into a global consideration where the objective is to achieve an ideal tradeoff between different metrics. To achieve this objective, we propose to co-optimize multiple relevance metrics and show their effectiveness.
Untimely ends and new beginnings in mouse cloning

A new study shows that the majority of mice cloned from somatic cells die prematurely. Of the six dead clones analyzed, four exhibited extensive necrosis of the liver, two had tumors and all had pneumonia, suggestive of immune impairment. These latest cloning-associated phenotypes will facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying nuclear-transfer cloning in mammals.
Routine Delayed Sternal Closure after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation with Vacuum Assisted Device

Purpose Bleeding after implantation of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a frequently encountered issue and lengthy hemostasis before chest closure is common. It was believed delayed sternal closure (DSC) increases incidence of sternal infection, however, recent reports have shown low rates. We introduced routine DSC after implantation of LVAD with hypothesis that it may reduce operation time by packing the mediastinum and decrease sternal infection by reducing pool of clot in the mediastinum. This study compared routine DSC with primary sternal closure (PSC). Methods and Materials From May 2008 to October 2012, 52 patients underwent LVAD implantation. Prior to January 2011, 12 patients (23.1%) underwent PSC. Afterward all patients (n=40, 76.9%) did DSC routinely. The sternum was left open with vacuum assisted device and observed in ICU followed by closure the following day. Results Operation time was not significantly shorter in DSC group (314.6 vs. 330.8 minutes, p=0.45). Postoperative requirement for blood transfusion (3.3 vs. 3.8 units of packed red blood cell, p=0.15), duration of inotropic support (149 vs. 128 hours, p=0.67), length of ICU stay (11.4 vs. 15.3 days, p=0.40) and hospital stay (20.7 vs. 27.6 days, p=0.42) were not increased in DSC compared with PSC. There was no sternal infection in either group. Time to extubation was longer in DSC (57.0 vs. 29.3 hours, p=0.022). Conclusions Routine DSC did not significantly decrease operation time or sternal infection. DSC did not increase requirement for blood transfusion. Although DSC increased time to extubation, it was not associated with longer ICU and hospital stay compared with PSC in patients after implantation of LVAD.