cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model

This paper traces the evolution of the corporate social performance model by focusing on three challenges to the concept of corporate social responsibility: economic responsibility, public responsibility, and social responsiveness, it also examines social issues management as a dimension of corporate social performance. It concludes that the corporate social performance model is valuable for business and society study and that it provides the beginnings of a paradigm for the field.
Uncovering the historic environmental hazards of urban brownfields.

In Baltimore, over 1,000 vacant industrial sites persist across its urban landscape, yet little is known about the potential environmental health risks that may undermine future cleanup and redevelopment activities and the health of those in communities near these sites. This study examined the characteristics of urban brownfield properties in southeast Baltimore, Maryland, and screened sites for their potential environmental bazards. In addition, demographic and health data were evaluated to profile the social and health status of those in brownfield communities. The results show that brownfields in southeast Baltimore represent a range of historic operations, including metal smelting, oil refining, warehousing, and transportation, as well as paints, plastics, and metals manufacturing. The screening method identified a range of substances associated with these properties, including heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, all of which are suspected or recognized toxicants, and many of which are persistent in the environment. Spatially, these sites are concentrated in white, working class neighborhoods in which poverty levels exceed and educational attainment lags behind state and national averages. Moreover, these sites are concentrated in communities in which excess mortality rates due to respiratory disease, cancer, and heart disease exist when compared to the city, state, and national averages. This investigation demonstrated the usefulness of historic archives, real estate records, regulatory files, and national hazard-tracking systems based on standard industrial classification (SIC) to screen brownfield properties for their hazard potential. This analysis provides the foundation for further site monitoring and testing, cleanup and redevelopment priority setting, risk management strategies, and neighborhood planning, and it illustrates the need for increased health surveillance and disease prevention strategies in affected communities.
Unusual Case of Enlarging Pulmonary Mass

Rounded atelectasis is an uncommon form of pulmonary collapse that presents as an asymptomatic lung mass, and thus, can appear very similar to a pulmonary neoplasm. One feature that has been used to differentiate rounded atelectasis from a pulmonary malignancy is the lack of growth observed in cases of rounded atelectasis. The case presented here demonstrates that it is possible for rounded atelectasis to increase in size. This is the first documented case of enlargement of rounded atelectasis and shows that this disorder should be added to the list of benign causes of an enlarging pulmonary mass.
Structure and nanomechanical characterization of electrospun PS/clay nanocomposite fibers.

Electrospinning has been emerging as one of the most efficient methods to fabricate polymer nanofibers. In this paper, PS/clay nanocomposite fibers with varying diameters were electrospun onto soli...
Implications of the Plastid Genome Sequence of Typha (Typhaceae, Poales) for Understanding Genome Evolution in Poaceae

Plastid genomes of the grasses (Poaceae) are unusual in their organization and rates of sequence evolution. There has been a recent surge in the availability of grass plastid genome sequences, but a comprehensive comparative analysis of genome evolution has not been performed that includes any related families in the Poales. We report on the plastid genome of Typha latifolia, the first non-grass Poales sequenced to date, and we present comparisons of genome organization and sequence evolution within Poales. Our results confirm that grass plastid genomes exhibit acceleration in both genomic rearrangements and nucleotide substitutions. Poaceae have multiple structural rearrangements, including three inversions, three genes losses (accD, ycf1, ycf2), intron losses in two genes (clpP, rpoC1), and expansion of the inverted repeat (IR) into both large and small single-copy regions. These rearrangements are restricted to the Poaceae, and IR expansion into the small single-copy region correlates with the phylogeny of the family. Comparisons of 73 protein-coding genes for 47 angiosperms including nine Poaceae genera confirm that the branch leading to Poaceae has significantly accelerated rates of change relative to other monocots and angiosperms. Furthermore, rates of sequence evolution within grasses are lower, indicating a deceleration during diversification of the family. Overall there is a strong correlation between accelerated rates of genomic rearrangements and nucleotide substitutions in Poaceae, a phenomenon that has been noted recently throughout angiosperms. The cause of the correlation is unknown, but faulty DNA repair has been suggested in other systems including bacterial and animal mitochondrial genomes.
Community and edaphic analysis of upland northern hardwood communities, central Vermont, USA

Abstract An ecological multifactor approach was used to identify and describe upland northern hardwood site types and species groups on the central Green Mountains, Vermont. Seven ecological types and ten species groups were identified by a method combining plot sampling of vegetative and soil-site variables and numerical analysis. Two-way indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to evaluate the distinctness of the identified ecological types and species groups and to compare the discriminating abilities of different ecosystem components (landscape position, vegetation, and soil). Each ecological type was a characteristic combination of physiography, landscape position, soil, and vegetation. Descriptions of the relationships of species groups to gradients of soil moisture and fertility, inferred from landscape position and substrate are presented. CCA demonstrated that most species within defined groups had similar ecological responses. Few groups occurred in only one ecological type. In all cases evaluation of topographic and soil factors in conjunction with species groups facilitated identification of ecological types.
VOCABULARY INTERVENTION FOR KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS: COMPARING EXTENDED INSTRUCTION TO EMBEDDED INSTRUCTION AND INCIDENTAL EXPOSURE

The purpose of the two studies reported in this article was to evaluate the effectiveness of extended vocabulary instruction during storybook reading with kindergarten students within a small-group intervention setting. Extended vocabulary instruction is characterized by explicit teaching that includes both contextual and definitional information, multiple exposures to target words in varied contexts, and experiences that promote deep processing of word meanings. In Study One, we compared extended instruction of target words to incidental exposure. In Study Two, we compared extended instruction to embedded instruction (i.e., providing simple definitions within the context of the story). Our findings indicated that extended instruction resulted in greater word learning than either incidental exposure or embedded instruction. Moreover, students maintained much of their understanding of word meanings six to eight weeks after instruction. Implications are discussed in relation to a tri-level approach to vocab...
External debt, net transfers, and growth in developing countries

Abstract The paper argues for the relevance of the concept of net transfers to analyze the growth constraints in heavily indebted developing countries. A conceptual shift is proposed in analyzing the sources of investment financing, from the traditional dichotomy between foreign savings and national savings, toward a more relevant dichotomy between net real resource transfers and domestic savings at constant prices. The consequences of introducing the foreign exchange constraint and the fiscal constraint for the analysis of the impact of foreign transfers are also explored.
Oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy in the diagnostic algorithm of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: a useful exam?

Objective To evaluate the role of oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy in the diagnostic approach to patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Study design Forty-one patients with chronic laryngopharyngeal symptoms and a control group of 15 healthy volunteers were examined. All subjects underwent standard oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy. The following parameters were considered: activity-time curves, presence of double peaks and reduced slope in oropharyngeal phase, presence of accelerated or slowed esophagogastric transit, persistence of radioactive material on the pharyngeal or esophageal mucosa, and presence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) under exercise. Results There were objective signs of laryngeal reflux in 80.5% of the patients. In 82.9%, scintigraphy documented several associated morphofunctional pathologic patterns: positive GER test (61.0%), presence of double peaks (36.6%), indirect signs of pharyngoesophageal inflammation (31.7%), hypotonic lower esophageal sphincter (17.1%), and slowed esophageal clearance (9.8%). Conclusions Oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy may be used as preliminary examination in outpatients with signs and symptoms of LPR. Cases of classic gastroesophageal reflux disease could be separated from those of LPR disease and therefore submitted to more invasive instrumental examinations.
Epigenetic control of virulence gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a LysR-type transcription regulator.

Phenotypic variation within an isogenic bacterial population is thought to ensure the survival of a subset of cells in adverse conditions. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa variably expresses several phenotypes, including antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and the production of CupA fimbriae. Here we describe a previously unidentified bistable switch in P. aeruginosa. This switch controls the expression of a diverse set of genes, including aprA, which encodes the secreted virulence factor alkaline protease. We present evidence that bistable expression of PA2432, herein named bexR (bistable expression regulator), which encodes a LysR-type transcription regulator, controls this switch. In particular, using DNA microarrays, quantitative RT–PCR analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter gene fusions, we identify genes directly under the control of BexR and show that these genes are bistably expressed. Furthermore, we show that bexR is itself bistably expressed and positively autoregulated. Finally, using single-cell analyses of a GFP reporter fusion, we present evidence that positive autoregulation of bexR is necessary for bistable expression of the BexR regulon. Our findings suggest that a positive feedback loop involving a LysR-type transcription regulator serves as the basis for an epigenetic switch that controls virulence gene expression in P. aeruginosa.
Phonon and magnon widths in metamagnets

Abstract Microscopic expressions for the couplings of the phonons corresponding to the rigid motions of the waters of hydration with both transverse and longitudinal spin fluctuations are given for the linear chain metamagnetic systems FeCl2·2H2O, CoCl2·2H2O, and CoBr2·2H2O. The processes which can give large, temperatures dependent widths of spin waves and of some phonons for temperatures approaching the Neel temperature are discussed.
Is There an Advantage to Knotless Barbed Suture in TKA Wound Closure? A Randomized Trial in Simultaneous Bilateral TKAs

Background Effective wound closure is critical to minimizing wound complications and withstanding the forces associated with early knee motion after TKA. Barbed sutures allow for knotless fixation, have been used successfully in other specialties, and may provide for more even distribution of tension along the length of the incision; however, data regarding unidirectional barbed sutures from randomized trials have raised important concerns about their use. Bidirectional barbed sutures offer a potential alternative, but have not been studied extensively in orthopaedic surgery.
Effects of Urbanization on Agricultural Activities

Statistical evidence from three Middle Atlantic states is used to describe the direct and indirect pressures of urbanization on agricultural land and activities. Direct effects are an increase in population and a conversion of farming land to urban uses. Indirect effects involve changes in attitudes about farming, changes in the status of farmers, and land speculation. Data on the effects of idled farmland and comparisons of the agricultural activities of rapidly growing and slowly growing areas illustrate these effects. Modifications of the effects to retain farmland would probably require direct control of land use and could be accomplished through zoning, differential assessment, or public purchase of farming land. 36 references.
Analysis and Numerical Modeling of Error Sources in SIM Star Light Phase Detection

The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM), scheduled to launch in 2010, will perform precision astrometry by interfering starlight beams collected by two 35 cm "collector" mirrors separated by 10m. Part of each astrometry measurement will involve accurately measuring the relative phase of the two beams at the beam combiner. This measurement will be performed by modulating the optical path of one of the beams periodically through a range of roughly one optical wavelength, while simultaneously detecting the intensity of the interference fringes using spectrometers at the two outputs of the combiner. During this process, the lengths of the optical paths traveled by both starlight beams within the interferometer will be monitored by a laser interferometer. A number of sources of error are of concern when designing this phase-detection system. Shot and read noise in the spectrometers' (CCD) detectors introduce errors into the phase measurement; the magnitude of these errors depends on the rate at which the CCD is read and the design resolution of the spectrometer. Vibrations in the structure of the spacecraft, produced by reaction wheels, the motion of the high gain antenna, propellant slosh, or other mechanisms, will introduce errors in the phase measurement, errors which, however, can to some extent be suppressed using measurements from the laser interferometer. Simple algorithms developed for estimating the phase of monochromatic interference fringes are computationally efficient and relatively straightforward to analyze, but have limited accuracy when used to estimate the phase of interference fringes generated by broadband starlight. This paper describes numerical simulations and other methods of analysis used to quantify the phase measurement errors introduced by a range of mechanisms, to make design decisions, to generate subsystem requirements, and to rank sources of noise or disturbances. We have developed a general simulation package which allows us to analyze the interference fringe detection and phase measurement processes, simulating shot and read noise either via a Monte-Carlo approach or by a method in which the corresponding variances are propagated. We are able to simulate arbitrary stellar spectra, and to calculate the effect of arbitrary vibrations. A method of suppressing vibration-induced errors has been tested using data from the microarcsecond metrology (MAM) testbed at JPL
Banach spaces of weights on quasimanuals

Section 1 is a brief introduction. Section 2 contains the basic definitions of quasimanuals, weights, and operational logics. The linear spaceW of all weights on a quasimanualA is introduced and given a norm.W with this norm is seen to be a Banach space. The subspaceV ofW generated by the positive cone ofW is given the base norm and is also shown to be an Archimedian ordered Banach space with an additive norm. In Section 3 normal linear functionals onV * are defined in analogy with normal linear functionals onw * algebras. The spaceV is shown to be the set of normal functionals onV * and we showV to be the unique partially ordered Banach space with a closed generating cone which is predual toV *. Next, weakly compact subsets ofW are characterized in terms of eventwise convergence. This is the Hahn-Vitali-Saks theorem of classical measure theory in this noncommutative setting; several weak compactness results are drawn from this and compared with their classical counterparts. Section 4 introduces the ultraweak topology forV * in analogy with the same for the trace class operators on Hubert space. Here the condition for a compact base for the cone ofV is examined and shown to be a poor and unnecessary hypothesis in many circumstances. Many connections with the existent literature are made and throughout the paper there are many examples and open questions.
A new particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving constraint and mixed variables optimization problem

Many engineering optimization problems frequently encounter mixed variables and nonlinear constraints, which add considerably to the solution complexity. Very few of the existing methods can yield a globally optimal solution when the objective functions are non-convex and non-differentiable. We developed a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The algorithm introduced a mechanism of simulated annealing (SA), crossover and mutation operator. It may improve the evolutionary rate and precision of the algorithm. We put forward a method of stochastic approximation, in order to realize the transformation from continuous variable to discrete variable. For handling constraints, we used death penalty function method. Based on engineering design problem, computational result was better than the other solutions reported in the literature. Therefore, the new algorithm is feasible, and its accuracy and robustness are obviously superior to the other algorithms.
Synthesis of certain derivatives of thiols

Seven aromatic thiols have been used to prepare two series of sulfides. Thiols used were o-thiophenol, o-thiocresol, m-thiocresol, p-thiocresol, o-chlorobenzyl thiol, 2,4-dichiorobeazyl thiol, and 3,4-dichlorobenzyi thiol. A series was prepared of 3-diethyl-aminopropyl derivatives and 3rdiethylamino-2-propanol derivatives. The compounds are analogous to Benadryl and Pyribenzamine type compounds with sulfur replacing the oxygen and nitrogen, respectively. The general structure of the molecule differs from these antihistamine drugs in that only one aryl group is present instead of the diaryl groups of Benadryl and Pyribenzamine. The aryl structure was varied to show the influence of substituent groups, in order that some of the thiols used would contain chlorine on the ring; others would contain methyl groups.
Existence of solutions for the Cho–Maison monopole/dyon

Cho & Maison have recently succeeded in obtaining model equations for a new type of monopole or dyon solution in the electroweak theory of Weinberg & Salam. This paper analyses these equations (four simultaneous ordinary differential equations), shows that the corresponding boundary–value problem possesses a solution and discusses its qualitative properties.
Corpus Luteum Function After Indomethacin Treatment During the Estrous Cycle and Following Hysterectomy in the Gilt

Indomethacin (IND), a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, was used to determine the relationship between prostaglandin (PG) secretion and corpus luteum (CL) function during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and after hysterectomy in the gilt. In Experiment 1, gilts that had displayed estrous cycles of 18 to 22 days (onset of estrus = Day 0) were randomly assigned to four treatments (n = 7/group): 1) ethanol vehicle (EtOH) daily from Day 10 through Day 17; 2) IND daily from Day 10 through Day 17; 3) IND daily from Day 10 through Day 13 and EtOH daily from Day 14 through Day 17; and 4) EtOH daily from Day 10 through Day 13 and IND daily from Day 14 through Day 17. In Experiment 2, 15 gifts were hysterectomized on Days 6 to lOof the estrous cycle and were randomly assigned to a control (n = 7) or IND-treated (n = 8) group. Treatment, daily for 4 days, began when all guts had reached Day 18 or later. The daily dose of 10 mg IND/kg BW was calculated on the average body weight of each treatment group. In Experiment 1, ovarian morphology at necropsy on Day 25, serum progesterone and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F20 (PGFM) concentrations throughout the experimental period, and failure to display estrus by Day 25 suggest that IND treatment during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle prolonged CL maintenance in the pig. The progesterone and PGFM assays were validated in our laboratory. In experiment 2, CL morphology and serum progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations indicate that IND treatment failed to affect luteal function by a direct action on the luteal cell or by suppressing pituitary LH secretion.
Social isolation in prairie voles induces behaviors relevant to negative affect: toward the development of a rodent model focused on co‐occurring depression and anxiety

Recent evidence suggests substantial overlap between mood and anxiety disorders, both in clinical presentation and associated features. A theoretical framework to account for this overlap focuses on negative affectivity, defined as the disposition to experience negative emotional states, including fear, sadness, and guilt. This model has been successful in explaining the co-occurrence of depressive and anxiety disorders in humans. As a next step, development of an animal model focused on both depression- and anxiety-relevant behaviors may advance understanding of depression-anxiety symptom overlap, relations of these disorders with associated medical conditions and responses to treatment. This study was designed to investigate inducible and quantifiable depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Adult, female prairie voles were exposed to 4 weeks of social pairing (control) or isolation, an established stressor for socially monogamous mammals (including humans). Operational measures of depression (sucrose intake and behaviors in the forced swim test), anxiety (behaviors in the elevated plus maze), and aggression (responses to an unrelated prairie vole pup) were investigated. Social isolation induced a progressive decline in sucrose intake and increased immobility time during the forced swim test. Social isolation also decreased the amount of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, and increased pup-directed attack behavior. The current findings suggest that isolation induces behaviors reflecting elevated negative affect. These results may provide a foundation for creating a rodent model to examine the mechanisms underlying comorbid mood and anxiety disorders.
Acute renal failure in hospitalized patients: Part I

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Review articles, meta-analyses, and clinical trials describing epidemiology and classification of hospital-acquired ARF were identified. Results from prospective, controlled trials were given priority when available. CONCLUSIONS: ARF occurs in up to 25% of critically ill patients, resulting in significant morbidity and high mortality. Characterization of ARF is difficult due to multiple etiologic factors and variable definitions. Limited cost data describe the extensive economic burden associated with the disorder, although further pharmacoeconomic research is needed. Epidemiology and classification of ARF allow prospective management of at-risk patients.
CMOS surface acoustic wave oscillators

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a CMOS surface acoustic wave (SAW) oscillator. The oscillator utilizes surface acoustic wave resonators implemented in both 1.6micron and 0.5micron AMI CMOS process and fabricated through MOSIS. When connected to Pierce oscillator circuits, these resonators are capable of synthesizing frequencies in the range of 400MHz to 1GHz. This paper also addresses the design issues involving codesigning micromachined resonators with CMOS circuitry to optimize the oscillator design
Comment: Assessing the Fit of Logistic Regressions Using the Implied Discriminant Analysis

(1984). Comment: Assessing the Fit of Logistic Regressions Using the Implied Discriminant Analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 79, No. 385, pp. 79-80.
Enkephalin fibers in autonomic nuclear regions: intraspinal vs. supraspinal origin.

The present studies in the rat employ spinal transactions and hemisections, dorsal and/or ventral rhizotomies to determine whether enkephalin fibers in spinal sympathetic and parasympathetic nuclei are of supraspinal, intraspinal, or peripheral origin. Our results suggest enkephalin fibers in thoracolumbar sympathetic nuclei are of both supraspinal and intraspinal origin, whereas the enkephalin innervation of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus is primarily intraspinal in origin. Furthermore, the majority of descending enkephalin systems selectivity project to the intermediolateralis, pars principalis and pars funicularis, and the dorsal commissural sympathetic nuclei, whereas intraspinal enkephalin pathways appear to exist primarily in the intercalatus spinalis and intercalatus spinalis, pars paraependymalis sympathetic nuclei. These new observations suggest that specific patterns exist for supraspinal and intraspinal enkephalin pathways.
Is the Phonological Loop Articulatory or Auditory

The paradigm of immediate serial recall(Baddeley, 1986) has been used extensively in investigation of working memory, but its relation to and implications for the nature of phonological processinghave seldom been examined. We show that findings from this domain can be interpreted in two ways, and relate these two interpretations to a simple model of phonological processing. One interpretation emphasizes the availability of information from “output” phonological processing to “input” phonological processing, while the alternative account stipulates no such connections. On the basis of an experimental study designed to choose between the two accounts, we tentatively conclude that the interpretation suggesting output-input connectivity is supported. Establishment of this result would be of considerable interest, since it indicates that processes in language production can impact directly on processes in language perception.
Timeless genes and jetlag

It has been 35 years since Konopka and Benzer (1) published their landmark paper in PNAS documenting the discovery of three lines of Drosophila with aberrant circadian rhythms. One strain was governed by a clock that ran faster than wild type, one harbored a slower-than-normal clock, and one was arrhythmic. These mutations equivalently affected two different rhythms, in the timing of adult emergence from the pupal case and the flies' rhythms of locomotion, suggesting that they affected a general circadian clock mechanism rather than the observed behaviors per se. The genetic analysis of these mutants, however, is what made this discovery so powerful: By meiotic recombination mapping, analysis of small chromosome deletions, and complementation, the genetic etiology of the rhythm anomalies in all three lines mapped to the same gene, dubbed period, creating an allelic series with the arrhythmic allele (per0 ) appearing to be a null allele. The remarkable implication of this discovery, that there are specific genes whose functions specifically subserve a general circadian timekeeping mechanism, has been spectacularly borne out with the discovery of at least a half-dozen other such “clock factors” in forward genetic screens and the ensuing construction of a coherent molecular model for circadian clock function. In a recent issue of PNAS, Peschel et al. (2) showed that, 35 years later, classical forward genetic studies continue to yield important insights into the mechanisms of the circadian clock.
Linking biotic interactions and climate change to the success of exotic Daphnia lumholtzi

Summary 1. Warmer temperatures may increase cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater ecosystems, yet few ecological studies examine how increases in temperature and cyanobacterial blooms will alter the performance of non-native species. We evaluated how competitive interactions and interactions between these two drivers of ecological change influence the performance of non-native species using the native zooplankton Daphnia pulex and the non-native zooplankton Daphnia lumholtzi as a model system. Based on the literature, we hypothesised that D. lumholtzi would perform best in warmer temperatures and in the presence of cyanobacteria. 2. Laboratory competition experiments showed that in the absence of competitors, growth rates of D. pulex (but not D. lumholtzi) were reduced at higher temperatures and with the cyanobacterial foods Anabaena flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa. In the presence of competitors, however, D. pulex emerged as the superior resource competitor at both temperatures with cyanobacterial food. We therefore predicted that, if competitive interactions are important to its establishment, D. lumholtzi would perform best in the absence of cyanobacteria in heated environments. 3. As predicted, when both species were introduced at low densities in field mesocosms, D. lumholtzi performed best at high temperatures without added cyanobacteria and worst at ambient temperatures with added cyanobacteria, indicating that competitive interactions are likely to be important for its establishment. 4. Taken together, these studies indicate that, while D. lumholtzi may benefit from increases in temperature, associated increased cyanobacterial blooms may hinder its performance. Thus, our findings underscore the importance of considering biotic interactions such as competition when predicting the future establishment of non-native species in response to climate warming.
Toward MRI-guided coronary catheterization: visualization of guiding catheters, guidewires, and anatomy in real time.

The success of x-ray fluoroscopy-guided coronary catheterization depends in part on the ability to obtain simultaneous and real-time visualization of the guidewire, guiding catheter, and anatomy of the chest. The hypothesis explored in this paper is that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could provide this ability. This hypothesis was tested with loopless antennas used as the guidewire and a guiding catheter and two surface coils, each connected to four different receiver channels of a GE 1.5-T CV/I MRI scanner. Experiments were conducted on six healthy dogs. Intravascular antennas were inserted in the right carotid artery and maneuvered in the aorta while running a fast gradient-echo sequence (TR/TE 5/1.3 msec, flip angle 7 degrees). Real-time projection images of the chest anatomy, together with the guidewire and guiding catheter, were obtained. Positioning of the MRI guiding catheter either in the descending aorta, ascending aorta, or heart was achieved easily. This study represents a step toward MRI-guided coronary catheterization.
Primary Cell Cultures from Drosophila Gastrula Embryos

Here we describe a method for preparing and culturing primary cells dissociated from Drosophila gastrula embryos. In brief, a large amount of staged embryos from young and healthy flies are collected, sterilized, and then physically dissociated into a single cell suspension using a glass homogenizer. After being plated on culture plates or chamber slides at an appropriate density in culture medium, these cells can further differentiate into several morphologically-distinct cell types, which can be identified by their specific cell markers. Furthermore, we present conditions for treating these cells with double stranded (ds) RNAs to elicit gene knockdown. Efficient RNAi in Drosophila primary cells is accomplished by simply bathing the cells in dsRNA-containing culture medium. The ability to carry out effective RNAi perturbation, together with other molecular, biochemical, cell imaging analyses, will allow a variety of questions to be answered in Drosophila primary cells, especially those related to differentiated muscle and neuronal cells.
Presidents in the Movies: American History and Politics on Screen – Edited by Iwan W. Morgan

Presidents in the Movies: American History and Politics on Screen. Edited by Iwan W. Morgan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 198 pp. In Presidents in the Movies: American History and Politics on Screen, one finds both an overview of portayals of U.S. presidents on the big and small screens as well as an in-depth look at the film treatments of a handful of the better known presidents, including Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John E Kennedy, Andrew Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, and George W. Bush. The overview appears in Iwan W. Morgan's introduction, which sets up the collection of essays nicely by discussing the role of the presidency in history and some of the more notable films featuring U.S. presidents. The essays in the book range widely. Melvyn Stokes' analysis is among the first, examining two very early portrayals of Lincoln in D. W. Griffith's Birth of a Nation and Abraham Lincoln. Through his analysis, Stokes effectively makes the point that the presidential portrayals that audiences find in movies often say more about the political and social culture in the time that the movies are made than they say about the presidents being depicted. The point is well taken, since it is a theme that serves as an undercurrent in many of the other analyses as well. A later chapter by Harry Keyishian on Roosevelt examines several film portrayals of the New Deal president. Because of FDR's unprecedented tenure in the White House and because of his intriguing personal life, his character appears in a wide variety of films, sometimes as a real character and other times, as in some of the Depression-era films, as an idea or as a series of news clippings, or even as a segment of a speech. Keyishian notes that whatever type of role that FDR has in a film--whether a central one or a tertiary one--he generally incites confidence. The book also features, as its closing essay, a piece by Kingsley Marshall on W., the 2008 film by Oliver Stone about George W. Bush, which was the first dramatic film to focus on the life and career of a then-sitting president. This very recent presidential portrayal came at a time when Bush's popularity was stunningly low and came from a director who had explored issues of U.S. politics and policy in earlier films, such as Platoon, Born on the Fourth of July, and Nixon. While Marshall notes that Stone's film does a good job of portraying some of the family dynamics that may have shaped Bush, he argues that the film fails to be particularly telling--either as an historical narrative or as a personal one--in part because of the lack of perspective on the 43rd president that a bit more time and distance from his presidency could have provided. …
Early-Onset Copper Deficiency Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Weight loss surgery can provide many health benefits to those suffering from morbid obesity. The surgery, however, is not without potential complications. This clinical observation describes a patient who experienced gait disturbances, lower extremity weakness, and neuropathy which led to a diagnosis of copper deficiency less than 2 years following a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Neurological symptoms were improved within 2 months of copper supplementation. The need to monitor patients for less common micronutrient deficiencies such as copper following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is reinforced by this case.
Effects of Soil Moisture on Temperatures, Winds, and Pollutant Concentrations in Los Angeles

Abstract This paper examines the effects of soil moisture initialization in a coupled air quality–meteorological model on temperature profiles, wind speeds, and pollutant concentrations. Three simulations, each with different initial soil moisture fields, were run. In the baseline simulation, predicted temperatures, wind speeds, and gas/aerosol pollutant concentrations accurately matched observations. In the other two simulations, soil moisture contents were initialized about 4% lower and higher, respectively, than in the baseline simulation. In the low-moisture case, predicted temperature profiles were hotter, near-surface wind speeds were faster, and near-surface pollutant concentrations were lower than observations and baseline predictions. In the high-moisture case, predicted temperatures were colder, wind speeds were slower, and pollutant concentrations were higher than observations and baseline predictions. Initial soil moisture contents affected vertical temperature profiles up to 600-mb altitude a...
Self-Identity, Modernity, and the Rational Actor in Leisure Research

(2000). Self-Identity, Modernity, and the Rational Actor in Leisure Research. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 87-92.
High-Dose Titanium Ion Implantation into Epitaxial Si/3C-SiC/Si Layer Systems for Electrical Contact Formation

High-dose titanium implantations have been performed into ion beam synthesized heteroepitaxial layer systems of Si/3C-SiC/Si(100) in order to study the formation of titanium silicide layers in the silicon top layer. The structure and composition of layers was analysed using RBS, XRD, XTEM and EFTEM. The sputtering rates of 180 keV Ti ions were determined using the lower SiC/Si interface as a marker. A homogeneous surface layer with the stoichiometry of TiSi 2 was formed by a nearly stoichiometric implantation and subsequent annealing. The formation of more metal-rich silicides was observed at doses where the peak Ti concentration largely exceeds the TiSi 2 stoichiometry and where the total amount of Ti atoms in the top layer is greater than the amount needed to convert the entire Si top layer into TiSi 2 . Under these conditions, strong solid state reactions of the implanted Ti atoms with the buried SiC layer and the silicon substrate are observed.
Epigenetic regulators and their impact on therapy in acute myeloid leukemia

Genomic studies of hematologic malignancies have identified a spectrum of recurrent somatic alterations that contribute to acute myeloid leukemia initiation and maintenance, and which confer sensitivities to molecularly targeted therapies. The majority of these genetic events are small, site-specific alterations in DNA sequence. In more than two thirds of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia mutations epigenetic modifiers are detected. Epigenetic modifiers encompass a large group of proteins that modify DNA at cytosine residues or cause post-translational histone modifications such as methylations or acetylations. Altered functions of these epigenetic modifiers disturb the physiological balance between gene activation and gene repression and contribute to aberrant gene expression regulation found in acute myeloid leukemia. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic modifiers mutated in acute myeloid leukemia, their clinical relevance and how a deeper understanding of their biological function has led to the discovery of new specific targets, some of which are currently tested in mechanism-based clinical trials.
Majoring in Information Systems: An Examination of Role Model Influence.

The importance of role models on individuals’ academic and career development and success has been widely acknowledged in the literature. The purpose of this study was to understand the influence o...
Multi-indices Self-approximate-optimal Smart Grid

Double pressures from resources and the environment bring new challenges to the power systems.To face these challenges,the overseas researchers propose the conception of smart grid and have tentative practices on this field.Based on the analysis and summary of the smart grids practicing,the definition of the smart grid is given,and the "ability of multi-indices self-approximate-optimal operation" is taken as the most distinctive difference between smart grid and traditional grid.How to enable the grid to have this ability is the key point which must be solved in the process of smart grid research and design.
Configuration Optimization and Debugging Analysis of Remote Control System on 500 kV Substation

To resolve the limitation of remote control system configuration on 500 kV substation,the paper designs a more reliable remote control system configuration which can be used on digital 500 kV substation.Then the paper analyzes the realization means and technology advantage of the configuration.Finally it is pointed out that this configuration can be preferably applied in 500 kV substation based on IEC 61850,and it also can be used for reference by digital substation in China.
Systematic Methods for Structurally Consistent Coarse-Grained Models

This chapter provides a primer on theories for coarse-grained (CG) modeling and, in particular, reviews several systematic methods for determining effective potentials for CG models. The chapter first reviews a statistical mechanics framework for relating atomistic and CG models. This framework naturally leads to a quantitative criterion for CG models that are "consistent" with a particular atomistic model for the same system. This consistency criterion is equivalent to minimizing the relative entropy between the two models. This criterion implies that a many-body PMF is the appropriate potential for a CG model that is consistent with a particular atomistic model. This chapter then presents a unified exposition of the theory and numerical methods for several approaches for approximating this many-body PMF. Finally, this chapter closes with a brief discussion of a few of the outstanding challenges facing the field of systematic coarse-graining.
Constraint on Matter Power Spectrum on $10^6-10^9M_\odot$ Scales from ${\large\tau_e}$

An analysis of the physics-rich endgame of reionization at $z=5.7$ is performed, utilizing jointly the observations of the Ly$\alpha$ forest, the mean free path of ionizing photons, the luminosity function of galaxies and new physical insight. We find that an upper limit on ${\rm \tau_e}$ provides a constraint on the minimum mean free path (of ionizing photons) that is primarily due to dwarf galaxies, which in turn yields a new and yet the strongest constraint on the matter power spectrum on $10^6-10^9M_\odot$ scales. With the latest Planck measurements of ${\rm \tau_e = 0.055 \pm 0.009}$, we can place an upper limit of $(8.9\times 10^6, 3.8\times 10^7, 4.2\times 10^8)M_\odot$ on the lower cutoff mass of the halo mass function, or equivalent a lower limit on warm dark matter particle mass ${\rm m_x \ge (15.1, 9.8, 4.6)keV}$ or on sterile neutrino mass ${\rm m_s \ge (161, 90, 33)keV}$, at $(1, 1.4, 2.2)\sigma$ confidence level, respectively.
AdRoll: A case study of entrepreneurial growth

This case study examines the background, start up, and growth of one of the fastest-growing companies in the United States, AdRoll. It explores the various strategic factors related to the growth of AdRoll and how these issues must be addressed in order to maintain its level of growth.This case study is especially interesting not only because it focuses on one of the fastest-growing firms in the country, but also because it addresses on an understudied topic within the field of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial growth.
Branding and Consumers’ Narratives of Banking in the Financial Crisis

The financial crisis that began in 2008 offers an opportunity to examine consumer behavior in response to an industry crisis. Focus groups were used to gather consumer narratives of retail banking in the financial crisis. The personal narratives are useful in themselves as managerial touchstones and were further used to create possible archetypal narratives of groups of consumers and a cultural narrative or “big picture” view of the crisis. The narratives are examined through frameworks of both the humanities and psychology (narrative identity). The narrative results revealed the impact of the crisis on consumer’s identity, views of other entities, and retail banking activity to yield actionable information for branding and communication. Narratives are shown to be a useful tool in examining consumers’ reactions to an industry crisis and in formulating branding and communication responses.
Transcriptional Regulation by Smads

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and related polypeptides, including activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate a wide variety of biological activities, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. The TGF-β family members signal through transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors. Smads are major intracellular mediators that transduce the TGF-β signal from the cell surface to the nucleus. Upon TGF-β binding, the TGF-β type I receptor phosphorylates Smad2 and Smad3, which then form complexes with Smad4 and together accumulate in the nucleus to regulate transcription of a variety of genes. Microarray studies indicate that Smad3 and Smad4 are essential for regulation of many TGF-β-responsive genes. Smad3 and Smad4 possess DNA binding activities. For high affinity binding sites, Smad3-Smad4 can bind on its own. For low affinity binding sites, Smads are recruited to target promoters through interaction with DNA-binding partners. Smads can activate transcription by recruiting transcriptional coactivators, and they can also inhibit transcription by recruiting transcriptional corepressors. In addition, Smad3 can also repress transcription by several other distinct mechanisms. Through regulation of different target genes in a cell context dependent manner, TGF-β/Smads elicit distinct biological responses.
Tricaesium citrate monohydrate, Cs3C6H5O7·H2O: crystal structure and DFT comparison

The crystal structure of tricaesium citrate monohydrate, 3Cs+·C6H5O73−·H2O, has been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray single-crystal diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. This compound is isostructural to the K+ and Rb+ compounds with the same formula. The three independent Cs cations are eight-, eight-, and seven-coordinate, with bond-valence sums of 0.91, 1.22, and 1.12 valence units. The coordination polyhedra link into a three-dimensional framework. The hy­droxy group forms the usual S(5) hydrogen bond with the central carboxyl­ate group, and the water mol­ecule acts as a donor in two strong hydrogen bonds.
High power densities created from salinity differences by combining electrode and Donnan potentials in a concentration flow cell

Recent estimates suggest that approximately 40% of global electricity demands can be met by capturing the potential energy contained in the mixing of seawater and freshwater at coasts. Several technologies are currently being explored to capture this energy and maximize the achievable electrical power density. Here we report a new method to capture this energy that yielded a peak power density of 12.6 ± 0.5 W m−2-membrane area (average = 3.8 ± 0.1 W m−2), which is the highest value reported to date for salinity gradient energy technologies fed with synthetic seawater (30 g L−1 NaCl) and freshwater (1 g L−1 NaCl). This unprecedentedly high power density was achieved in a concentration flow cell containing non-toxic copper hexacyanoferrate electrodes that developed electrode potentials based on Na+ activities and an anion-exchange membrane that developed a Donnan potential based on Cl− activities. The peak power density increased to 26.3 ± 1.3 W m−2 (average = 9.4 ± 0.9 W m−2) when using a highly saline synthetic brine (300 g L−1 NaCl) and freshwater (1 g L−1 NaCl). Stacking two flow cells in series doubled the total power while maintaining the same power per membrane area. Combining electrode and Donnan potentials in a concentration flow cell offers a new means to harvest salinity gradient energy that may lead to an economically viable technology.