cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION: "THE LESSER OF TWO EVILS" IN CARCINOGENESIS

Literature is replete with reports indicating the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in tumorigenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of various oxidized cellular metabolites that serve as the “business end” as well as the consequence of oxidative stress leading to DNA damage, mutagenesis, and destruction of diverse biological macromolecules. These events may eventually culminate in carcinogenesisthrough varied mechanisms such as inhibition of apoptosis, increased cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and disruption of DNA repair mechanism. Inflammation per se or as a ROSdependent mediator is a connecting link between carcinogenesis and oxidative insult. Alternatively, chronic inflammation via the exacerbation of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines aids in carcinogenesis by providing an environment conducive for exponential growth of malignant cells. Understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenesis over the years indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation as two distinct but related processes form the basis for the establishment of cancer, and/or aggressiveness to foster tumor growth the main sources of cancer. Though, these critical mediators of carcinogenesis are interrelated to each other, it is still not clear which leads to the other and contributes more towards to pathophysiology of cancer and. In this review, we describe the role of these processes in the complex and multifaceted mechanism of carcinogenesis. CARCINOGENESIS: CONCEPT AND CAUSES
Comparison of methods to measure grinding temperatures

Experimental measurements of grinding temperatures are used to estimate the energy partition to the workpiece. In the present investigation, three different temperature measuring techniques are compared for estimating the energy partition in grinding. Grinding temperatures were measured in the workpiece subsurface under identical surface grinding conditions using an embedded thermocouple and a two color infrared detector, and on the workpiece surface using a foil/workpiece thermocouple. All three methods gave comparable temperature responses which were consistent with analytical predictions for the same energy partition.
Room-temperature InAsSb photovoltaic detectors for mid-infrared applications

Novel noncryogenic InAsSb photovoltaic detectors grown by molecular beam epitaxy are proposed and demonstrated. The quaternary alloy In0.88Al0.12As0.80Sb0.20 is introduced as a wide bandgap barrier layer lattice matched to the GaSb substrate. The valence band edge of In0.88Al0.12As0.80Sb0.20 nearly matches with InAs0.91Sb0.09, leading to more efficient transport of photogenerated holes. The resulting mid-infrared photovoltaic detector exhibits a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.31 mum and a peak responsivity of 0.84 A/W at room temperature. High Johnson-noise-limited detectivity (D*) of 2.6times109 cmmiddotHz1/2/W at 4.0 mum, and 4.2times1010 cmmiddotHz1/2/W at 3.7 mum are achieved at 300 K and 230 K, respectively
Prediction of protein structural class from the amino acid sequence.

The multidimensional statistical technique of discriminant analysis is used to allocate amino acid sequences to one of four secondary structural classes: high α content, high β content, mixed α and β, low content of ordered structure. Discrimination is based on four attributes: estimates of percentages of α and β structures, and regular variations in the hydrophobic values of residues along the sequence, occurring with periods of 2 and 3.6 residues. The reliability of the method, estimated by classifying 138 sequences from the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank, is 80%, with no misallocations between α-rich and β-rich classes. The reliability can be increased to 84% by making no allocation for proteins classified with odds close to 1. Classification using previously developed secondary structural prediction methods is considerably less reliable, the best result being 64% obtained using predictions based on the Delphi method.
Biomedical named entity recognition using conditional random fields and rich feature sets

As the wealth of biomedical knowledge in the form of literature increases, there is a rising need for effective natural language processing tools to assist in organizing, curating, and retrieving this information. To that end, named entity recognition (the task of identifying words and phrases in free text that belong to certain classes of interest) is an important first step for many of these larger information management goals.
The Attacks of September 11 in Three Temporalities

The attacks of September 11 are explored from the perspective of three temporalitiesthat of US hegemony (roughly the last 50 years), that of the history of modernity (roughly the last three hundred and ?fty years) and that of the clash between Western and nonWestern civilizations (roughly the last one thousand years). The attacks are symptomatic of the emergence of regional, networked actors that the US is not well prepared to address and which disrupt the nationaldevelopmental world order organized under US hegemony. By demonstrating one of the unintended consequences of modernitythe democratization of means of destructionthe attacks mark another nail in the co?n of the idea that progress can be attained through technological breakthroughs and the rational organization of the world (which we call hegemonic rationalistic modernity). The attempt to galvanize the Islamic community through an assault on its perceived rivals parallels the strategy of the Christian crusades 1000 years ago. The attacks mark a moment in the declining ability of the West to control the nonWestern world. In conclusion, world order is likely to be reconstructed only if there is a move beyond US hegemony, rationalistic modernity, and the presumption of Western supremacy that characterize the contemporary world.
One Nation Under Debt

Four out of five Americans believe consumer debt is a problem. But some observers argue that the debt burden largely reflects the rise in housing prices. Christian Weller and Derek Douglas take a closer look at trends in borrowing by individuals. They argue that borrowing has been driven by higher costs, not investment in housing. People are worried for a good reason.
Browning of the landscape of interior Alaska based on 1986-2009 Landsat sensor NDVI

We used a time series of 1986–2009 Landsat sensor data to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 30 m pixels within the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest of interior Alaska. ...
Hydraulic analysis of river training cross-vanes as part of post-restoration monitoring

Abstract. River restoration design methods are incrementally improved by studying and learning from monitoring data in previous projects. In this paper we report post-restoration monitoring data and simulation analysis for a Natural Channel Design (NCD) restoration project along 1600 m of the Batavia Kill (14 km2 watershed) in the Catskill Mountains, NY. The restoration project was completed in 2002 with goals to reduce bank erosion and determine the efficacy of NCD approaches for restoring headwater streams in the Catskill Mountains, NY. The NCD approach used a reference-reach to determine channel form, empirical relations between the project site and reference site bankfull dimensions to size channel geometry, and hydraulic and sediment computations based on a bankfull (1.3 yr return interval) discharge to test channel capacity and sediment stability. The NCD project included 12 cross-vanes and 48 j-hook vanes as river training structures along 19 meander bends to protect against bank erosion and maintain scour pools for fish habitat. Monitoring data collected from 2002 to 2004 were used to identify aggradation of pools in meander bends and below some structures. Aggradation in pools was attributed to the meandering riffle-pool channel trending toward step-pool morphology and cross-vane arms not concentrating flow in the center of the channel. The aggradation subsequently caused flow splitting and 4 partial point bar avulsions during a spring 2005 flood with a 25-yr return interval. Processing the pre-flood monitoring data with hydraulic analysis software provided clues the reach was unstable and preventative maintenance was needed. River restoration and monitoring teams should be trained in robust hydraulic analytical methods that help them extend project restoration goals and structure stability.
Mixed integer programming method to solve security constrained unit commitment with restricted operating zone limits

This paper presents a formulation of security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem based on mixed integer programming (MIP) method with considering prohibited operating zone limits of thermal and hydro units. The objective of SCUC problem is to obtain minimum system operating cost while maintaining the system security. Thermal and hydro units in power system studies are assumed to possess smooth and convex input-output (IO) curves. Practically, not all the operating zones of generation units are available for load allocation due to some physical operation limits. This may cause to have a generator with nonsmooth IO curve with equality and inequality constraints which may not be solved easily by conventional mathematical methods. In this paper, non-convex characteristic of generator cost function, representing prohibited operating zones is considered in SCUC. Test results with an eight-bus system show the accuracy of the model and formulations.
The BMC Medicine breast cancer collection: an illustration of contemporary research and clinical care

The field of breast cancer had witnessed clear improvements in survival and less morbidity over the last few decades owing to earlier detection as a result of public awareness and screening, as well as treatments involving the disciplines of surgical, radiation and medical oncology along with advances in imaging and pathological diagnostics. However, in the last 5–10 years, newer assays and biological therapies have begun to cross new boundaries with higher rates of cure seen in more aggressive cancers. Even though metastatic breast cancer remains incurable, some, but not all, subsets of patients with breast cancer are living longer and more productive lives. Many challenges still remain, and the development of team science coupled with collaborative clinical research and care is expected to accelerate advances along this trajectory.
A study of packet delivery performance during routing convergence

Internet measurements have shown that network failures happen frequently, and that existing routing protocols can take multiple seconds, or even minutes, to converge after a failure. During these routing convergence periods, some packets may already be en-route to their destinations and new packets may be sent. These in-flight packets can encounter routing loops, delays, and losses. However, little is known about how many packets are delivered (or not delivered) during routing convergence periods. In this paper, we study the impact of topological connectivity and routing protocol designs on the packet delivery during routing convergence. We examine three distributed routing protocols: RIP, Distributed Bellman Ford and BGP through protocol analysis and simulation experiments. Our study shows that the packet delivery ratio improves as the network connectivity becomes richer. However differences in routing protocol designs impact their ability to fully utilize the topological redundancy in face of component failures. Two factors in routing protocol design, keeping alternate path information at each router and quickly propagating new reachability information, appear to have the most impact on the packet delivery behavior during convergence.
Diversity Aspects of Radar-Embedded Communications

This paper discusses aspects of intra-pulse radar-embedded communications whereby a tag/transponder illuminated by a radar converts the illumination waveform into one of a set of K communication waveforms with which to convey information to a spatially separated receiver. Initial work based upon an expansion of the radar spectrum has demonstrated the potential for significant data-rate improvement relative to previous inter-pulse approaches while still maintaining a low probability of intercept. In this work, a general mathematical formulation for intra-pulse radar-embedded communications is presented. This formulation provides insight into options for even higher data-rates by utilizing additional degrees-of-freedom.
On Compactness of Embeddings of Fourier-Lebesgue Spaces into Modulation Spaces

It is shown that, for a certain range of parameters, embeddings of Fourier-Lebesgue spaces into modulation spaces are compact.
Lactate dehydrogenase as a biomarker of hemolysis-associated nitric oxide resistance, priapism, leg ulceration, pulmonary hypertension, and death in patients with sickle cell disease

Pulmonary hypertension is prevalent in adult patients with sickle cell disease and is strongly associated with early mortality and markers of hemolysis, in particular, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Intravascular hemolysis leads to impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), mediated by NO scavenging by plasma oxyhemoglobin and by arginine degradation by plasma arginase. We hypothesized that serum LDH may represent a convenient biomarker of intravascular hemolysis and NO bioavailability, characterizing a clinical subphenotype of hemolysis-associated vasculopathy. In a cohort of 213 patients with sickle cell disease, we found statistically significant associations of steady-state LDH with low levels of hemoglobin and haptoglobin and high levels of reticulocytes, bilirubin, plasma hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, arginase, and soluble adhesion molecules. LDH isoenzyme fractionation confirmed predominance of LD1 and LD2, the principal isoforms within erythrocytes. In a subgroup, LDH levels closely correlated with plasma cell-free hemoglobin, accelerated NO consumption by plasma, and impaired vasodilatory responses to an NO donor. Remarkably, this simple biomarker was associated with a clinical subphenotype of pulmonary hypertension, leg ulceration, priapism, and risk of death in patients with sickle cell disease. We propose that LDH elevation identifies patients with a syndrome of hemolysis-associated NO resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and end-organ vasculopathy.
Effect of shear stress on efferent lymph-derived lymphocytes in contact with activated endothelial monolayers.

L.ymphocyte interactions with endothelial cells in microcirculation are an important regulatory step in the delivery of lymphocytes to peripheral sites of inflammation. In normal circumstances, the predicted wall shear stress in small venules range from 10 to 100 dyn/cm2. Attempts to measure the adhesion of lymphocytes under physiologic conditions have produced variable results, suggesting the importance of studying biologically relevant migratory lymphocytes. To quantify the effect of shear stress on these migratory lymphocytes, we used lymphocytes obtained from sheep efferent lymph ducts, defined as migratory cells, to perfuse sheep endothelial monolayers under conditions of flow. Quantitative cytomorphometry was used to distinguish cells in contact with the endothelial monolayers from cells in the flow stream. As expected, migratory cells in contact with the normal endothelial monolayer demonstrated flow velocities less than the velocity of cells in the adjacent flow stream. The flow velocities of these efferent lymphocytes were independent of cell size. To model the inflammatory microcirculation, lymphocytes were perfused over sequential endothelial monolayers to directly compare the velocity of cells in contact with cytokine-activated and unactivated control monolayers. The tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1-activated endothelial monolayers marginally decreased cell velocities at 1.2 dyn/cm2 (3.6%), but significantly reduced cell velocities 0.3 dyn/cm2 (27.4%; P < 0.05). Similarly, the fraction of statically adherent lymphocytes decreased as shear stress increased to 1.2 dyn/cm2. These results suggest that typical wall shear stress in small venules. of the order of 20 dyn/cm2, are too high to permit adhesion and transmigration of migratory lymphocytes. Additional mechanisnis must be present in vivo to facilitate lymphocyte transmigration in the inflammatory microcircu-
Leasing, Lemons, and Moral Hazard

A number of recent papers have analyzed leasing in the new-car market as a response to the adverse-selection problem in the used-car market originally explored in Akerlof (1970). In this paper we consider a model characterized by both adverse selection as in these earlier papers and moral hazard concerning the maintenance choices of new-car drivers. We show that this approach provides explanations for a number of empirical findings concerning real-world new- and used-car markets including that leasing has become more popular over time, that very high-income new-car drivers lease more, and that used cars leased when new sell for more than used cars purchased when new. We also compare and contrast our approach to new-car leasing with alternative approaches.
Baseline Susceptibility to Bacterial Insecticides in Populations of Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) from California and from the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus

Bacterial insecticides play an increasingly important role in mosquito control. To establish guidelines for detecting resistance at an early stage, information on natural variation in susceptibility of insect populations to these insecticides is needed. Between 1990 and 1993, the susceptibility of Culex pipiens L. complex to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de Barjac and/or Bacillus sphaericus Neide was determined in 31 collections from California. These collections were undertaken before the widespread use of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and before the registration of B. sphaericus in California. Seven collections from the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, where no microbial insecticides have been used, also were tested. The 1990-1991 California collections exhibited limited variation in susceptibility to B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. LC50 and LC95 values spanned about a three-fold and four-fold range, respectively. The 1993 Cyprus collections exhibited both higher mean LC values, and greater variability in those values, than the California collections. The LC50s for the Cyprus collections varied over a 10-fold range, whereas the LC50s varied over a 12.5-fold range. Variation in susceptibility to B. sphaericus among the 1991 California collections was about five-fold at the LC50 and LC95. No significant geographic variation in susceptibility to B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was observed among regions within California. Although variation in susceptibility was limited among California collections, the greater variability observed among the Cyprus collections and between the Cyprus and California collections illustrates the importance of establishing regional baselines to monitor accurately for changes in susceptibility.
Category IV: Neoplastic (Benign)

The neoplastic benign interpretation category indicates that the cytological specimen is sufficiently cellular and representative, with or without the context of clinical, imaging, and ancillary studies, to be diagnostic of a benign neoplasm. The most common entity is this category is serous cystadenoma; other rare entities include neuroendocrine microadenoma (< 0.5 cm) and lymphangioma. Surgical resection is optional and largely dependent on the size of the lesion and patient symptoms.
The Role Of Enculturation in Scientific Innovation: A Case Study of Combinatorial Chemistry at Parke-Davis

Every scientific organization has a culture that characterizes its particular values and modes of working. To be successful, the types of problems addressed by innovators within the organization must be consonant with corporate culture, as must be the solutions achieved. There are thus two levels of organization that need to be considered concurrently in evaluating an organisation’s potential for innovation. One is the organisational culture that exists at the level of the research laboratory, which is dependent upon interactions of a small group of scientists and their manager. The other is the organisational culture of the corporation as a whole, which is often expressed most clearly in the policies and decisions of upper management, but which may also be observed in the interactions between one laboratory and others within an institution. The culture that exists within an individual laboratory group may or may not fit well within the broader institutional culture. The problems generated and developed by individual laboratories therefore pose critical tests of the overall potential that an organization has for innovation. Individual scientists, or small group of scientists, may generate research problems that may or may not fit the particular problems that need to be addressed by the dominant corporate culture. Those who conform to the culture and address its problems tend to preserve that culture. The way in which an organization handles unexpected problems and the oddballs who generate them, determines the potential for innovation.
The Effect of the New York State Milk Price Gouging Law on the Performance of Fluid Whole Milk Market: An Empirical Analysis

The paper analyses the effect of the NYS Milk Price Gouging Law 200% rule (June 1991-October 2008) on the behavior of retail prices and marketing margins of fluid whole milk products sold in the largest New York State cities (New York City, Albany, Syracuse, Buffalo and Rochester). This rule established that retail prices of fluid milk products were not to exceed 200% of Class I fluid milk prices that milk processors paid for raw milk to dairy farmers. The law was enforced by the NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSDAM) by announcing the maximum retail price thresholds on a monthly basis. The empirical evidence presented in the paper may suggest that this particular design of retail milk price control, in conjunction with publicly announced government-set Class I fluid milk prices, actually created an institutional environment that facilitated interdependent conduct of supermarkets operating in the oligopolistic market environment. Retail prices, marketing margins and the estimated supermarket profit tend to be higher during the law period as compared to the pre-law period. Supermarkets were pricing at the NYSDAM maximum retail price threshold level, if it was profitable for them. This was the case of fluid whole milk sold in half-gallon containers in all analyzed cities and fluid whole milk sold in gallon containers in New York City.
Prevalence of Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, With or Without Meniscectomy: An Evidence-Based Practice Article

Reference: Claes S, Hermie L, Verdonk R, Bellemans J, Verdonk P. Is osteoarthritis an inevitable consequence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumat...
Third cranial nerve palsies

Third nerve palsies can represent a wide variety of pathologic processes, ranging from benign to life threatening. Localization of the causative lesion directs subsequent laboratory testing and imaging studies. The lesion can often be localized based on associated signs and symptoms. The differential diagnosis for an isolated third nerve lesion varies based upon the patient’s age and the relative deficits of extraocular movements and pupillary function. It is imperative that at-risk patients be adequately evaluated for cerebral arterial aneurysm using CTA, MRA, or CCA.
Primary Cilia Are Not Calcium-Responsive Mechanosensors

Primary cilia are solitary, generally non-motile, hair-like protrusions that extend from the surface of cells between cell divisions. Their antenna-like structure leads naturally to the assumption that they sense the surrounding environment, the most common hypothesis being sensation of mechanical force through calcium-permeable ion channels within the cilium. This Ca(2+)-responsive mechanosensor hypothesis for primary cilia has been invoked to explain a large range of biological responses, from control of left-right axis determination in embryonic development to adult progression of polycystic kidney disease and some cancers. Here we report the complete lack of mechanically induced calcium increases in primary cilia, in tissues upon which this hypothesis has been based. We developed a transgenic mouse, Arl13b-mCherry-GECO1.2, expressing a ratiometric genetically encoded calcium indicator in all primary cilia. We then measured responses to flow in primary cilia of cultured kidney epithelial cells, kidney thick ascending tubules, crown cells of the embryonic node, kinocilia of inner ear hair cells, and several cell lines. Cilia-specific Ca(2+) influxes were not observed in physiological or even highly supraphysiological levels of fluid flow. We conclude that mechanosensation, if it originates in primary cilia, is not via calcium signalling.
Going West and Ending Up Global

Steering clear of provincialism, Western American historians can play a central role in comparative studies of processes of colonialism and imperialism, locating the region in the big picture of world history.
Complex Rice Variety Mode Based on Extensive Agriculture in Southeast Asia

The mountain land acreage in southeast Asia countries was large.However the mountain agriculture developed slowly.Rice production in mountain of these countries was highly dependent on natural conditions,extensive management and low yield.Thus,an efficient cultivation pattern was very imperative,which not only contributed to resolving the food problem but also preventing soil erosion and protecting mountain resources.The conception and significance of comples rice were expounded;the situation of mountain land utilization in southeast Asia countries,and the feasibility of complex rice variety mode in these countries were analyzed.
El entretenimiento educativo en las telenovelas / The Edutainment in Soap Operas

ABSTRACT Telenovela is a dramatic and visual genre, widely popular in Spanish-speaking countries, and with a booming audience in other countries such as United States. Despite the enormous television market, and the high media recognition for its major actors, telenovela productions have been submitted to a condescending and paternalistic criticism by many scholars, who constrain them either to be mere instruments to indoctrinate society to escape its problems and conform with its living circumstances, or to accompany the feminine leisure time and entertain the popular and working classes. Nevertheless, less reductionist critics such as Trejo Silva, Martinez Zarandona, Guerra, Martin-Barbero or Tufte have made emphasis on the transforming and educational effect of their most recent plots, focusing especially on the change generated by the evolution of characters and situations. "Por ella soy Eva" (best 2013 telenovela by Mexican Award Association TVyNovela), depicts new and less asphyxiating genre roles for women and deals, with a very critical stand, with the existing sexism in Mexican society. Through the concept of educational entertainment, this novel paves the way for a revitalizing future for a genre that for many it was simply a copy of the 19th century melodramatic and serialized novel. RESUMEN La telenovela es un genero dramatico y visual, de gran popularidad en paises de habla hispana y con una audiencia en amplio crecimiento en otros como Estados Unidos. A pesar del enorme mercado televisivo, y del reconocimiento mediatico de sus actores, las producciones de telenovela han sido objeto de una critica condescendiente y paternalista por muchos academicos, quienes las restringen o bien a ser meros instrumentos para adoctrinar a la sociedad a escapar de sus problemas y conformarse con sus circunstancias vitales, o a ser acompanamientos del ocio femenino y diversion de la clase mas popular y trabajadora. No obstante, criticos menos reduccionistas como Trejo Silva, Martinez Zarandona, Guerra, Martin Barbero o Tufte han senalado el efecto transformador y educativo de su tematica mas reciente, centrandose especialmente en el cambio producido en la evolucion de los personajes y las situaciones. "Por ella soy Eva" (mejor telenovela de 2013 por los premios TVyNovela de Mexico), ilustra nuevas situaciones de genero menos asfixiantes para la mujer y aborda, con clara intencion critica, el machismo existente en la sociedad mexicana. A traves del concepto de entretenimiento educativo, esta telenovela augura un futuro revitalizador para un genero que para muchos se habia estancado como trasunto del folletin decimononico.
Restricting Hostile Take-Overs in American Law

Hostile takeovers of companies in the United States may be severely restricted by a recent United States Supreme Court decision. In CTS Corp. v. Dynamics Corp. of America, the Supreme Court upheld an Indiana law that permits companies incorporated therein, under specified circumstances, to deny voting rights to purchasers of shares above a specified threshold, for up to 50 days; and in appropriate circumstances permanently. The companies may then buy back the pertinent shares at fair market value under procedures they have adopted.In Dynamics, the Supreme Court held that the Control Share Acquisition Chapter of the Indiana Business Corporation Law was not unconstitutional because (1) “[t]he regulatory conditions that the Act places on tender offers are consistent with the text and the purposes of the Williams Act [and thus] the Williams Act does not pre-empt the Indiana Act,” and (2) “[t]o the limited extent that the Act affects interstate commerce we [do not] think such regulation offends the constitution.” The pertinent statutory provisions of the Indiana Act are novel and complex, and apply to all “issuing public corporations.” They require every person who obtains “control shares” in such a corporation, to get the approval of its “disinterested shareholders” in order to enfranchise the shares acquired. Acquisition of control share ownership under the Indiana Act takes place when a person acquires either 20 percent, 33 1/3 percent, or a majority of all voting power to elect the directors of the corporation. “Disinterested shareholders” are the corporate shareholders other than (i) the acquirer of the above percentages, (ii) officers of the corporation, and (iii) any employee of the corporation who is also a director. If an acquirer of control shares fails to win the approval of the disinterested shareholders, the acquirer's shares never attain the right to vote. Furthermore, in the event this occurs, the corporation then has a statutory option to redeem the acquirer's shares at fair market value. The statutory scheme grants an acquirer the right to ask for a special meeting of the shareholders of the target corporation, in order to consider the acquisition and vote on the question of enfranchising the acquirer's shares. Corporate management can however, wait up to 50 days before holding the meeting. In addition, within ten days after the request for the meeting, the acquirer is statutorily required to give an undertaking to pay the corporation's expenses of holding the special meeting.
The effects of spinal cord injury on bone loss and dysregulation of the calcium/parathyroid hormone loop in mice.

Objective To map the progression of osteoporosis following spinal cord injury in mice in specific areas and analyze changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) and ion levels which could be responsible for overall bone loss.
One Lump or Two? A Plurality of Pathways in Gold(III)-Catalyzed Cyclization Transforming Propargyl Acetates to a Carene-like Bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

The bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane substructure, featured in a number of natural products, is economically formed via gold(III)-mediated cycloisomerization of a 5-acetoxy-1,6-enyne. This Ohloff–Rautenstrauch rearrangement takes place with high regio- and stereocontrol and purportedly proceeds through either of two pathways that differ in the order of major events: cyclization followed by ester migration (“cyclization first”) or its transpose (“migration first”). Implicit solvent-phase (dichloroethane) electronic structure calculations [IEFPCM-B2PLYP-D3/def2-TZVP//IEFPCM-B2PLYP/6-31G(d)-LANL2DZ] aimed at elucidation of the minimum energy pathway corresponding to the “cyclization first” and “migration first” pathways are presented herein. Both pathways feature multiple steps and are characterized by low-energy barriers, indicating that facile interconversion of structures on the surface is possible. In addition, the highest-energy structures for each of the two pathways are very close in energy (ΔΔE⧧ < 3.0 kcal/mol)...
Neural Networks to Diagnose the Parkinson’s Disease

To identify the presence of Parkinson’s disease, a neural network system with back propagation together with a majority voting scheme is presented in this paper. The data used has an imparity of the ratio 3:1. Previous research with regards to predict the presence of the disease has shown accuracy rates up to 92.9% [1] but it comes with a cost of reduced prediction accuracy of the small class. The designed neural network system is boosted by filtering, and this causes a significant increase of robustness. It is also shown that by majority voting of eleven parallel networks, recognition rates reached to > 90 in spite of 3:1 imbalanced class distribution of the Parkinson’s disease data set.
Pseudo Jahn-Teller effect in permittivity of ferroelectric perovskites

Microscopic origin of dielectric susceptibility and permittivity of cubic ferroelectric perovskites ABO3 (BaTiO3, KNbO3, etc.) in their high-symmetry paraelectric phase is explored. Ferroelectricity in these crystals is due to the strong pseudo Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE) resulting in off-centre instability of the transition metal ion B. In addition to the noticed earlier big enhancement of the permittivity by the local PJTE, it is found that the latter induces also anisotropy, contrary to widespread expectation for isotropic polarization in cubic crystals. The temperature and field dependence of polarization, dielectric susceptibility, and permittivity, as well as their angular dependence, are revealed as resulting from the local PJTE instability by numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian including the vibronic coupling and temperature-averaged interaction with the external electric field.
Synopsis: A Distributed Sketch over Voluminous Spatiotemporal Observational Streams

Networked observational devices have proliferated in recent years, contributing to voluminous data streams from a variety of sources and problem domains. These streams often have a spatiotemporal component and include multidimensional features of interest. Processing such data in an offline fashion using batch systems or data warehouses is costly from both a storage and computational standpoint, and in many situations the insights derived from the data streams are useful only if they are timely. In this study, we propose Synopsis , an online, distributed sketch that is constructed from voluminous spatiotemporal data streams. The sketch summarizes feature values and inter-feature relationships in memory to facilitate real-time query evaluations and to serve as input to computations expressed using analytical engines. As the data streams evolve, Synopsis performs targeted dynamic scaling to ensure high accuracy and effective resource utilization. We evaluate our system in the context of two real-world spatiotemporal datasets and demonstrate its efficacy in both scalability and query evaluations.
Surgical Considerations of the Pituitary

Pituitary surgery includes the excisional treatment of lesions within or adjacent to the sella turcica, the hypophyseal or pituitary fossa of the sphenoid bone which contains the pituitary gland. These pituitary lesions are not rare in children and include a variety of tumors, the most common of which are craniopharyngiomas. In the pediatric population almost 90% of lesions in the sellar and parasellar region are craniopharyngiomas. The remaining 10% include a variety of other pathological entities including pituitary adenomas, Rathke’s cleft cysts, germinomas, hamartomas, lipomas, teratomas, dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, lymphocytic hypophysitis, and Langerhans cell histocytosis. This chapter reviews the evaluation of and the surgical approach to pituitary lesions.
The Leadership Spectrum: 6 Business Priorities that Get Results

(2003). The Leadership Spectrum: 6 Business Priorities that Get Results. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 56-57.
LKB1, Salt-Inducible Kinases, and MEF2C Are Linked Dependencies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The lineage-specific transcription factor (TF) MEF2C is often deregulated in leukemia. However, strategies to target this TF have yet to be identified. Here, we used a domain-focused CRISPR screen to reveal an essential role for LKB1 and its Salt-Inducible Kinase effectors (SIK3, in a partially redundant manner with SIK2) to maintain MEF2C function in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A key phosphorylation substrate of SIK3 in this context is HDAC4, a repressive cofactor of MEF2C. Consequently, targeting of LKB1 or SIK3 diminishes histone acetylation at MEF2C-bound enhancers and deprives leukemia cells of the output of this essential TF. We also found that MEF2C-dependent leukemias are sensitive to on-target chemical inhibition of SIK activity. This study reveals a chemical strategy to block MEF2C function in AML, highlighting how an oncogenic TF can be disabled by targeting of upstream kinases.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification by Multi-Layer Perceptron and Convolution Neural Networks

The electrocardiogram (ECG) plays an imperative role in the medical field, as it records heart signal over time and is used to discover numerous cardiovascular diseases. If a documented ECG signal has a certain irregularity in its predefined features, this is called arrhythmia, the types of which include tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular arrhythmias, and ventricular, etc. This has encouraged us to do research that consists of distinguishing between several arrhythmias by using deep neural network algorithms such as multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and convolution neural network (CNN). The TensorFlow library that was established by Google for deep learning and machine learning is used in python to acquire the algorithms proposed here. The ECG databases accessible at PhysioBank.com and kaggle.com were used for training, testing, and validation of the MLP and CNN algorithms. The proposed algorithm consists of four hidden layers with weights, biases in MLP, and four-layer convolution neural networks which map ECG samples to the different classes of arrhythmia. The accuracy of the algorithm surpasses the performance of the current algorithms that have been developed by other cardiologists in both sensitivity and precision.
Reproductive Governance and the (Re)definition of Human Rights in Poland

Reproductive rights struggles have continued to dominate public debates in Poland since the political resurgence of the Catholic church in 1989. In 2015, the state passed a landmark "In Vitro Policy" to regulate assisted reproductive technologies. Its religiously based compromises may jeopardize other reproductive rights. I argue that the new policy negotiations demonstrate how versions of competing human rights claims are central to reproductive governance and struggles in the new Polish "ethical order." These negotiations reveal a reciprocal and temporal effect between infertility and abortion laws, in which previously enacted abortion restrictions are used to limit and define "In Vitro" rights.
Elevated Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and POL-γ Expression but Decreased Expression of TFAM in Murine Intestine Following Therapeutic Dose Irradiation

Mitochondria play pivotal roles in cellular handling of oxygen and in apoptosis, the ordered suicide response of cells to irradiation. The involvement of expression products from the 16.5 kb human mitochondrial genome in these activities has been studied widely. However, little is known about effects of irradiation on mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The relative lack of mtDNA repair mechanisms compared with nuclear DNA (nDNA) predicts particular vulnerability to irradiation. Using a technique developed to ascertain mtDNA:nDNA ratios, we previously showed that this ratio increases dramatically inmurine small bowel within 48 hours followingwhole body irradiation. We now report that those levels continue to rise for four days and remain elevated at close to that level beyond 30 days after 5 Gy of irradiation.We further demonstrate that levels of the mtDNA-specific DNA polymerase-γ (Pol-γ ) also show a sharp and sustained increase during this time course after a 2-Gy dose. Paradoxically, transcription factor A (TFAM), exhibited the directly opposite response.
Technological Values in the Applied Science Laboratory

The goal of this paper is to frame a philosophical question that has received very little attention from anyone, and almost none from professional philosophers. While “social constructionism” has introduced us to the view that the various theories, schools, and paradigms of science are as much the result of social forces as they are the realization of nomothetic explanatory ideals, the new “social” approaches to the philosophy of science have failed to take up obvious normative issues associated with the use of science to accomplish social objectives. Applied science wears its allegiance to the goodness of curing disease, building bridges or producing food on its sleeve, yet studies that have raised questions about the social impact of medical, engineering, or agricultural technologies have, for the most part, been reluctant to press those questions at the level of choosing to conduct research that was intended to result precisely in the technologies and techniques that are questioned. If we expect to impede or direct technological change, it is immanently reasonable to think that the most effective point of intervention will be at the stage of research choice.
A Review of Current and Future Directions in Biomedical Research in Learning Disabilities

For research to advance there must be a common nosology as well as standards for testing instruments that have the reliability and validity to measure the specific criteria used in the nosology. Researcher A cannot compare his or her data with Researcher B unless they both agree on the criteria used for selecting subjects. Previous research in the area of learning disabilities is full of such difficulties. One team might base its selection criterion on children falling behind by two or three years in basic subject areas; another might use a specific scatter on an intelligence test; and yet another might select subjects on an extensive battery of special educational tests.
The Cardinality Objection to David Lewis's Modal Realism

According to David Lewis's extreme modal realism, every waythat a world could be is a way that some concretely existingphysical world really is. But if the worlds are physicalentities, then there should be a set of all worlds, whereasI show that in fact the collection of all possible worlds is nota set. The latter conclusion remains true even outside of theLewisian framework.
The Light Nuclei

The light nuclei with mass number A = 5 to 20 have been widely studied during the past 30 years. Each year over 1,000 papers are published reporting theoretical and experimental studies of these nuclei. Why is so much attention paid to the nuclei with A = 5 – 20?
My Relationships Are My Estate: Relationships with Kin and Voluntary Bonds as Predictors of Happiness Among Emerging Adults

Emerging adults maintain relationships not only with their primary kin (mother and father) and collateral kin (siblings, aunts, and uncles) but also establish and enjoy voluntary bonds (same-sex and cross-sex friendships and romantic relationships). The current study investigated whether the qualities of voluntary bonds are predictive of happiness when primary and collateral kin relationships are taken into account. This association was investigated separately for men and women among single and dating emerging adults. The quality of voluntary bonds explained unique variance in happiness above and beyond kin relationships among single (n = 543) and dating emerging adults (n = 409). In the single group, relationships explained more variance in happiness among women when compared to men. However, this pattern was flipped in the dating group. While women benefited from multiple relationships in both groups, same-sex friendship was the most important relationship predicting happiness among single and dating men. Although close relationships are reliable correlates of happiness, the conferred benefits of relationships for men and women might depend on relationship status.
Research on Power Flow Algorithm of Power System with UPFC

The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most complex and powerful FACTS device, which can provide full or independent control of line transmission parameters, such as voltage, line impedance and phase angle. In this paper, steady-state model of unified power flow controller (UPFC) and power flow algorithm of power system with UPFC were studied. The parallel and series sides of UPFC were equivalent to separate power injections, and an alternating iteration algorithm of power flow for power system with UPFC was presented. In order to improve the convergence of the algorithm, this paper analyzes the impact of UPFC’s various control strategies on the convergence of power flow calculations, and proroses a control strategy for converting constant power control to constant variable control during the iterative process. Based on the actual project of Nanjing Western UPFC, the correctness and effectiveness of the model and algorithm are verified.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Craniopharyngiomas

Abstract Neuro-ophthalmic involvement of the afferent visual system remains one of the most common ways for craniopharyngiomas to come to clinical attention. Deficits in visual acuity, color vision, and visual fields are much more common than reports of double vision. Visual field testing remains the cornerstone for localizing a patient’s loss of vision at the intracranial optic nerve, chiasm, and optic tract. However, modern neuro-imaging has enabled much more rapid diagnoses, with much less pain and potential morbidity for the patient. Optical coherence tomography offers great promise for defining the mechanisms of permanent visual loss and the hopes for monitoring various therapeutic attempts with regenerative medicine strategies.
Online niches of English-language newspapers in Bangladesh: Analyzing news stories and user engagement on Facebook:

This study examines the online niches of English-language newspapers in Bangladesh by analyzing stories and user engagement on the Facebook pages of five highest circulated newspapers. Based on the...
Mobile Jet-Related Atrial Lesions in Patients with Mitral Paravalvular Leak.

AbstractRegurgitant jet lesions are often encountered in patients with paravalvular leak (PVL) and may pose significant challenge to percutaneous PVL closure. This report describes the case of a 78...