cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Method of Calculating the Fluid Permeability of Machined Skin-Covered Porous Sheets from Experimental Flow Data

Abstract Porous polymer sheets created by the “solid state microcellular foaming process” possess an impermeable solid skin on the boundary. In order to experimentally determine the internal structure's fluid permeability, the skin is removed by machining a pattern of holes or channels so that fluid flow can be established when applying a pressure difference across the faces. In this work, a fluid flow model for this particular geometry assuming a Newtonian fluid and isotropic internal porous structure is established. This yields formulae used to compute the structure's Darcy permeability from experimental flow data. Experimental verification of the model is provided for a sample of Polyetherimide (PEI) nanoporous polymer sheet whose skin was drilled in various hole patterns, thus establishing the mathematical foundation for future work in investigating this class of porous materials.
THE ATOMIC BOMB IN JAPANESE CINEMA Ed. Matthew Edwards. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2015. 300 pp. $45.00 paper.

In “Autoimmunity: Real and Symbolic Suicides,” Derrida reflects on 9/11, stating that we do not know what we say when we say and endlessly repeat “9/11” but that 9/11—for all that its horror and it...
Accelerated Learning: Undergraduate Research Experiences at the Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute

Abstract The Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute (TAMU CI) has had an NSF funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates program since 2004. Each summer about a dozen students from across the country join us for the 10-week program. They are each imbedded in one of the research groups of the TAMU CI and given their own research project. While the main focus of their effort is their individual research project, we also have other activities to broaden their experience. For instance, one of those activities has been involvement in a dedicated group experiment. Because not every experimental group will run during those 10 weeks and the fact that some of the students are in theory research groups, a group research experience allows everyone to actually be involved in an experiment using the accelerator. In stark contrast to the REU students’ very focused experience during the summer, Texas A&M undergraduates can be involved in research projects at the Cyclotron throughout the year, often for multiple years. This extended exposure enables Texas A&M students to have a learning experience that cannot be duplicated without a local accelerator. The motivation for the REU program was to share this accelerator experience with students who do not have that opportunity at their home institution.
HEAT-RELATED CHANGES IN TOOTH COLOR: TEMPERATURE VERSUS DURATION OF EXPOSURE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the heat-related changes in tooth color. The teeth are extracted during routine dental procedures and placed immediately into a saline solution to prevent dehydration. Before heat alterations are conducted, the teeth are individually cleaned of any adhering soft tissue using dental tools and tap water. Once the teeth are processed they are returned to the saline solution until experimentation can begin. The gross morphological changes and the effects of dehydration are observed after the teeth cool to room temperature. The teeth first turn black and/or brown. These colors then give way to blues and grays, which are eventually replaced with white. The teeth are weighed on a digital scale accurate to 0.1 g. They are then placed in a BLUE M TM Lab-Heat muffle furnace where the temperature is constant for the entire duration of their heat exposure. The results show that major color changes occur in specimens incinerated at 260 °C (500 °F) for 30 min. The enamel exhibits a very pale brown (10 yr 8/2) color. The dentin exhibits the greatest amount of change turning a dark reddish brown (2.5 yr 2.5/3) color.
Initial outcomes of a real-world multi-site primary care psychotherapy program

Abstract Objective Although anxiety, mood, and adjustment disorders are commonly treated in primary care, little evidence exists regarding psychotherapy outcomes within this setting. The primary objective of this study was to describe outcomes of a large-scale primary care psychotherapy program. Methods Patients (N = 2772) participated in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as part of a multi-site primary care program. A tracking system was utilized to collect data on demographics, diagnoses, course of care, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and frequencies of psychotherapy principles used over the course of primary care CBT. Results Anxiety disorders were most frequent, often comorbid with depression. Over two-thirds of the sample participated in at least one CBT session. Case formulation, cognitive interventions, exposure, and behavioral activation were frequently utilized approaches. Significant improvements on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 occurred for all groups, yielding medium effect sizes (d = 0.50–0.68). Rates of reliable change (48–80%), response (35–53%), and remission (21–36%) were noted for those scoring in the moderate range of severity. Conclusion Patients suffering from anxiety, depression, and adjustment disorders can be effectively treated in primary care with CBT. Future efforts are needed to match patient characteristics with the types and timing of therapy interventions to improve clinical and functional outcomes.
Principles of Radiation Techniques in Hodgkin Lymphoma

Radiation therapy (RT) is a major component of the current successful treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). For decades, radiation was used alone to cure the majority of patients with HL; RT is still the most effective single agent in the the oncologic armamentarium for this disease, and it remains the treatment of choice for patients with early-stage lymphocye predominance HL (LPHL) and for selected patients with classic HL who have contraindications to chemotherapy [1]. Currently, most patients with HL are treated with combined modality programs in which RT is given as consolidation after chemotherapy. As the role of RT has transformed over the years from a single modality into a component of combined modality therapy, the classic principles of RT fields, dose, and technique have fundamentally changed.
Challenges in the Treatment of EBV-Associated Diseases: New Approaches

Since EBV enters different functional relations with the cells that it infects, treatment of EBV infection must ultimately meet 3 different objectives: inhibition of active viral replication; cure of latent viral infection; and interruption of EBV-induced cellular proliferation and transformation. It has proven much easier to achieve the first objective than the others, at least in vitro; however the clinical benefit of inhibiting EBV replication remains unclear. In human beings treatment of at least two of these infection states will probably be required for a definitive outcome. The third infection state, cellular proliferation and transformation, while it is an inevitable consequence of EBV infection, rarely has clinical impact except in persons with immunodeficiency.
Tumor-Like Demyelinating Lesion

While there are plenty of diagnostic pitfalls to avoid during neurosurgical intraoperative consultation, opportunities to really screw up are, thankfully, few and far between. Perhaps the prototype for this rather unpleasant situation is, for lack of a better name, the tumor-like demyelinating lesion (TLDL).
Development of a lifestyle intervention for the metabolic syndrome: Discovery through proof-of-concept.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to describe the early phases of the progressive development of a lifestyle treatment for sustained remission of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) using the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model for behavioral treatment development as a guide. METHODS Early discovery and design phases produced a 3-component (diet, physical activity, stress), group-based lifestyle treatment with an intensive 6-month phase followed by monthly, participant-led maintenance meetings. In the proof-of-concept phase, 26 participants with the MetS (age 53 ± 7 years, 77% female, and 65% ethnic minority) were recruited in a quasi-experimental design to determine if treatment could achieve the prespecified benchmark of MetS remission in ≥50% at 2.5 years. Exploratory outcomes focused on MetS components, weight, and patient-centered benefits on energy/vitality and psychosocial status. RESULTS MetS remission was achieved in 53.8% after a median of 2.5 years. At 2.5 years, an increase of +15.4% reported eating ≥3 servings of vegetables/day, +7.7% engaged in ≥150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/week; and +11.5% reported experiencing no depression in the past 2 weeks. Weight loss ≥5% was achieved by 38.5%, and energy/vitality, negative affect, and social support improved. Median group attendance over 2.5 years was 73.8%. CONCLUSIONS It is plausible that this lifestyle program can produce a remission in the MetS, sustained through 2.5 years. After refinements to enhance precision and strength, progression to feasibility pilot testing and a randomized clinical trial will determine its efficacy as a cost-effective lifestyle option for managing the MetS in the current health care system. (PsycINFO Database Record
Impact of the final adjective in the Medical Student Performance Evaluation on determination of applicant desirability.

Background: The Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) is a primary source of information used by residency programs in their selection of trainees. The MSPE contains a narrative description...
Secondary biliary cirrhosis as a consequence of graft-versus-host disease.

Abstract A 9-yr-old white girl with acute monoblastic leukemia received an HLA-identical, mixed lymphocyte culture-nonreactive bone marrow transplant from her sister. Twelve days after the transplant, a diffuse, pruritic, maculopapular rash involving the entire body surface (including the palms and soles) developed. Subsequent skin biopsy was consistent with cutaneous graft-versus-host disease, and biopsyproven hepatic involvement manifested by severe, unremitting cholestatic jaundice soon followed. The patient's biliary status as monitored by serial liver biopsies demonstrated progression from chronic graftversus-host disease to cirrhosis, culminating in death secondary to liver failure 25 mo after transplant.
P176 In-Home Childcare Provider Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Adherence to the New Child and Adult Care Food Program Nutrition Standards

Background Implementation of the new Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) nutrition standards may present challenges, especially for in-home child care providers. Objective To elucidate perceived barriers and facilitators faced by in-home child care providers to following the changes in the CACFP food and beverage nutrition standards. Study Design, Settings, Participants Virtual, semi-structured individual interviews elicited qualitative data from a cross section of low-income in-home child care providers in Michigan. Stratified purposive sampling (race, ethnicity, urban and rural residence and licensure) was used to recruit 20 in-home child care providers. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Thematic coding analysis with NVivo (v10.0) was used to organize and interpret data. Results Primary barriers included: food received outside of child care, food preparation time, child food and beverage restrictions, the expense and availability of foods and beverages and child care provider and child preferences. Facilitators included: focus on health and behavior of children, child care provider encouragement and modeling, clear CACFP guidelines and examples, preparation ahead of time, giving children choices and serving the same food for all children. What the children are perceived as more likely to eat, CACFP, WIC, state child care licensing guidelines, what the child care provider chooses to serve and what the provider perceives as healthy help determined their feeding decisions. Perceived support was provided through CACFP program sponsors, social media outlets, and nutrition and early care education and training organizations. Conclusion Early care education and training organizations, such as Extension, should focus on if and how facilities, seasonality, child dietary restrictions as well as budget impact food purchase choices as well as preparation ability on a limited budget. Modeling and family-style meals education may also be beneficial in conjunction with partnering with CACFP program sponsors and using social media as an informational outlet.
Opioid-related emergency department encounters: patient, encounter, and community characteristics associated with repeated encounters

Study objective We describe the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with repeated emergency department (ED) encounters for opioid usage across multiple, independent hospital systems. Methods A statewide regional health information exchange system provided ED encounters from 4 Indiana hospital systems for 2012 to 2017. In accordance with a series of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10 diagnosis codes for opioid abuse, adverse effects of opioids, opioid dependence and unspecified use, and opioid poisoning, we identified patients with an ED encounter associated with opioid usage (9,295 individuals; 12,642 encounters). Multivariate logistic regression models then described the patient, encounter, prescription history, and community characteristics associated with the odds of a patient's incurring a subsequent opioid-related ED encounter. Results The prevalence of repeated nonfirst opioid-related ED encounters increased from 9.0% of all opioid encounters in 2012 to 34.3% in 2017. The number of previous opioid-related ED encounters, unique institutions at which the individual had had encounters, the encounter's being heroin-related, the individual's having a benzodiazepine prescription filled within 30 days before the encounter, and being either Medicaid insured or uninsured compared with private insurance were associated with significantly greater odds of having a subsequent encounter. Conclusion The ED is increasingly a site utilized as the setting for repeated opioid-related care. Characteristics of the individual, encounter, and community associated with repeated opioid-related encounters may inform real-time risk-prediction tools in the ED setting. Additionally, the number of institutions to which the individual has presented may suggest the utility of health information exchange data and usage in the ED setting.
Surface morphology and drug loading characterization of 3D-printed methacrylate-based polymer facilitated by supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract Polymers have been shown to have viable applications in the biomedical field, from controlled drug delivery systems to biological implants. The preparation and processing of polymers into bio-systems have nevertheless encountered some technical challenges in part customization and adverse effects to the human body functions and recovery. This study proposes the utilization of 3D printing technology and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing to deliver a drug-impregnated polymeric material system which can be engineered and tuned to suit a particular implantation procedure and dramatically improve patient outcomes. In this work, an acrylate-based polymer is 3D-printed using stereolithography, then impregnated with flurbiprofen drug using scCO2. Drug loading above 24 % by mass is achievable under the tested conditions. The correlation of drug loading and material surface roughness with different process parameters, including 3D printing layer thickness, scCO2 processing temperature, pressure and treatment time, are investigated and empirically modeled using the linear regression methods.
Ultrasound-assisted vat photopolymerization 3D printing of preferentially organized carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites

Abstract In this study, we present a new vat photopolymerization 3D printing process that uses acoustic radiation forces from ultrasonic standing waves to organize carbon short fibers within a photocurable resin. A chamber was developed to generate the standing bulk acoustic wave in the resin to align the carbon fibers along the nodes of the standing wave. The resin was then selectively cured to create constructs in the shape of a dog bone specimen by exposing to UV. The effect of fiber concentration (0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 4 % w/v) and direction of alignment (parallel, perpendicular) on tensile strength of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites was determined. The constructs with 1 % w/v showed the highest gain in tensile strength due to the fiber alignment. For two-layered constructs with 1 % fiber concentration, 0°–0° constructs (fibers aligned along the uniaxial testing direction) demonstrated significantly higher tensile strength followed by 0°–90°constructs compared to constructs with randomly distributed fibers and without fibers.
Lung Cancer Surgical Regionalization Disproportionately Worsens Travel Distance for Rural Patients.

PURPOSE Major cancer surgeries have regionalized to fewer and higher-volume hospitals, with the goal of improving the quality of surgical care. However, regionalization may have negative effects on geographic access to care. We hypothesize that lung cancer patients have been traveling further for surgery over time as regionalization has occurred, and this increased travel has primarily impacted rural patients. METHODS A North Carolina all-payer state discharge database was used to capture discharges from 2005 to 2015 for patients undergoing lung cancer resection. Changes in patterns of care over time in high-volume centers (HVC) were examined. Adjusted patient straight-line travel distance was estimated over time and stratified by rural-urban location. FINDINGS The number of hospitals performing lung cancer resections decreased from 49 to 31 over the study period (P = .0006), and the proportion of patients receiving care at HVC increased from 23% to 44% (P < .0001). Rural patient travel distance increased over time by 8.5 miles (95% CI: 0.56-17.10, P = .048), from 45.1 to 53.6 miles. There was no change in urban patient travel distance. The difference in adjusted travel distance between rural and urban patients nearly doubled from 2005 to 2015 (9.6 to 17.9 miles,P < .0001). CONCLUSION In North Carolina, lung cancer surgical regionalization occurred over the study period and was accompanied by increases in travel distance for rural patients only. Further work is needed to determine the effects of greater travel distance on patterns of cancer care for rural patients.
Training Medical Professionals to Work with Patients with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review

Patients with neurodevelopmental disorders are not always provided the quality of medical care they deserve. Medical personnel report limited preparation and education in caring for patients with n...
Coverage for Adults With Chronic Disease Under the First 5 Years of the Affordable Care Act.

BACKGROUND A key goal of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to increase health insurance coverage for people with chronic disease. Little is known about progress toward this goal over the first 5 years of ACA implementation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess changes in coverage for nonelderly adults with and without chronic disease over the first 5 years of ACA implementation, and the effects of state-level Medicaid eligibility expansions on coverage for these populations. RESEARCH DESIGN Multivariable and difference-in-differences regression models. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2,007,271 adults aged 18-64 years in the nationally representative Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2011-2018 data. MEASURES Self-reported insurance coverage. RESULTS Over the first 5 years of ACA implementation, coverage increased among nonelderly adults with versus without chronic disease by 6.9 versus 5.4 percentage points, respectively (95% confidence interval: 6.1-7.6, P<0.001, and 4.4-6.3, P<0.001, respectively). State-level Medicaid eligibility expansions were associated with a coverage increase among people with chronic disease of 2.8 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 1.7-3.8, P<0.001). After ACA implementation diminished in 2017, coverage gains for people with chronic disease declined by 0.9 percentage points (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Coverage significantly improved for people with chronic disease during the first 5 years of ACA implementation, with ACA Medicaid expansions increasing coverage further. After ACA implementation diminished in 2017, coverage gains decreased.
We need to automate the declaration of conflicts of interest

Leveraging existing data sources to improve the declaration and management of authorship conflicts of interest.
Beyond Extended Surfaces: Understanding the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nanocatalysts.

Increasing the platinum utilization efficiency is the key to the advancement and broad dissemination of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Central to the task is the creation of highly a...
Coloring Feelings: Concept Books Making and Remaking Racialized Color Meanings

Working with cognitive literary theory, affect theory, semiotics, and recent picturebook scholarship, this essay looks at the ways the concept book (as a subtype of the picturebook format) connects color to emotion. In doing so, it suggests that one of Western culture’s most commonly accepted ideas of color and color meaning may contribute to ongoing social inequities and injustices. The essay identifies a set of techniques the concept book uses to attach emotion meaning to color, highlighting that such connections are not merely embodied within concept books, but they are also nurtured by them. As the essay also re-introduces “nurture” into cognitive studies literary scholarship, it suggests that, while the innate, cognitive brain structure of schema and script might be immutable, the content of those structures is flexible and therein offers possibility for change. This possibility is in fact itself embodied in a small but growing body of concept books that seem to resist and push back against conventional, emotionalized color meaning, leaving meaning potentials open and promoting cognitive flexibility by engaging empathy.
Individual Perceptions of the Value of Leisure: The Influence of the Social Democratic Welfare State and Leftist Values Systems

In this work, the authors intend to show that a population’s experience with Marxist governance and an individual’s political ideology conditions individual perceptions of the value of leisure. The authors look into the cross-national variations of the perception of the value that individuals place on leisure, using a database with over 84,000 observations from the World Values Survey from 2010-2014. The authors postulate that Marxist leisure values that have permeated societies either via social democratic welfare states or a socialist welfare state experience create expectations for leisure and that the individual’s self-identification on a left/right political spectrum plays a role in influencing perceptions of the importance of leisure. Several individual-level indicators are used, to ensure that individual-level explanations are taken into account. The authors show that placing value upon leisure is influenced by social democratic regimes and a person’s political ideology on a left/right continuum.
Model-free perimeter metering control for two-region urban networks using deep reinforcement learning

Abstract Various perimeter metering control strategies have been proposed for urban traffic networks that rely on the existence of well-defined relationships between network productivity and accumulation, known more commonly as network Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFD). Most existing perimeter metering control strategies require accurate modeling of traffic dynamics with full knowledge of the network MFD and dynamic equations to describe how vehicles move across regions of the network. However, such information is generally difficult to obtain and subject to error. Some model free perimeter metering control schemes have been recently proposed in the literature. However, these existing approaches require estimates of network properties (e.g., the critical accumulation associated with maximum network productivity) in the controller designs. In this paper, a model free deep reinforcement learning perimeter control (MFDRLPC) scheme is proposed for two-region urban networks that features agents with either continuous or discrete action spaces. The proposed agents learn to select control actions through a reinforcement learning process without assuming any information about environment dynamics. Results from extensive numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed agents: (a) can consistently learn perimeter control strategies under various environment configurations; (b) are comparable in performance to the state-of-the-art, model predictive control (MPC); and, (c) are highly transferable to a wide range of traffic conditions and dynamics in the environment.
Aggressive responses of Eastern Phoebes (Sayornis phoebe) and American Robins (Turdus migratorius) toward brood parasites and nest predators: A model presentation experiment

Brood parasites reduce the reproductive success of many bird species by laying eggs in their nests. Hosts that reject parasitic eggs (“rejecters”) avoid most costs of brood parasitism altogether by physically ejecting eggs from nests or abandoning parasitized nesting attempts. Species that accept parasitic eggs once these are laid (“accepters”) may reduce or eliminate costs by aggressively responding to brood parasites at their nests to prevent parasitism from taking place. Accordingly, accepters should recognize brood parasites and nest predators as different nest threats with different levels of aggression, whereas rejecters may not. We exposed active Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe, an accepter host) and American Robin (Turdus migratorius, a rejecter host) nests to models of a female brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), an eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus, nest predator), and a European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris, nonthreatening control) during the incubation stage. Phoebes alarm-called equally toward the nest predator and brood parasite models, but attacked the nest predator model more than the brood parasite model. Robins, in contrast, alarm-called toward and attacked all 3 models equally. Interpreting these results is challenging due to experimental design elements, specifically small sample sizes and restricting the experiment to the incubation stage. Nonetheless, our experiment contributes to the paucity of comparative studies on accepter versus rejecter nest defense behavior in response to both nest parasites versus predators, and adds a new tested accepter species to the literature.
Ultrasound for Chest: Heart and TTE

An echocardiogram is a commonly performed test to evaluate the myocardium and the heart valves. It is an essential component for the clinical practice for a wide variety of practitioners.
Post-World War II, Changing Dress in America, and Moscow Fashion Show

Prior to the war, it was mostly European designers who ruled the fashion world. Most designers were trained in Paris, and it is difficult to overestimate the city’s influence. Yet, by the summer of 1940, German soldiers occupied the city, and Paris was cut off from the rest of the world. It meant an opening for American designers that led to an erosion of European fashion dominance. It was during this time period that, “As fashion became news, fashion journalism came of age.” Suddenly, there was a marked increase in journalists, publicists, and photographers. Designers were also adjusting to changes in the rationing of materials. New York Times fashion editor Virginia Pope noted that the easing of restrictions instead of an immediate removal of them prevented designers from going to style extremes. It was the destruction and rationing in Europe following the war that allowed American fashion to develop.
Characterization of Leucine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid in Escherichia coli following Infection with Bacteriophage T2

Abstract Reversed phase column chromatography was used to fractionate leucine transfer RNA from Escherichia coli, both from uninfected cells and from cells 8 min after infection with bacteriophage T2. Each type of tRNA gave five components of leucine tRNA, leu1 to leu5. Comparison of the two chromatographic profiles indicated that the relative amount of leu1 decreased after T2 infection, with a corresponding increase in leu5. The five leucine tRNA components, once separated on the reversed phase column, could be distinguished from each other by direct comparison on a methylated albumin-Kieselguhr (MAK) column. The five leucine tRNA components from T2-infected E. coli were compared with the five leucine tRNAs from uninfected cells on a series of MAK columns. leu1, leu2, and leu3 from T2-infected cells gave identical MAK profiles when compared with their counterparts from uninfected cells. On the other hand, the MAK profiles of leu4 and leu5 from T2-infected E. coli were different from those of leu4 and leu5 from uninfected cells.
Architecture and Performance of the BlueGene/L Message Layer

The BlueGene/L supercomputer is planned to consist of 65,536 dual-processor compute nodes interconnected by high speed torus and tree networks. Compute nodes can only address local memory, making message passing the natural programming model for the machine. In this paper we present the architecture and performance of the BlueGene/L message layer, the software library that makes an efficient MPI implementation possible. We describe the components and protocols of the message layer, and present microbenchmark based performance results for several aspects of the library.
The strange case of the signal recognition particle

The discovery of the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor represented a huge step forwards in the study of protein translocation and secretion. Just as intriguing was the race to identify SRP, as two teams — one based in New York, the other in Heidelberg — took up the quest and scored complementary victories.
Location of heme axial ligands in the cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex of Escherichia coli determined by site-directed mutagenesis

The cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex is one of two terminal oxidases which are components of the aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli. This membrane-bound enzyme catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of ubiquinol and the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water. Enzyme turnover generates proton and voltage gradients across the bilayer. The oxidase is a heterodimer containing 2 mol of protoheme IX and 1 or 2 mol of heme d per mol of complex. To explain the functional properties of the enzyme, a simple model has been proposed in which it is speculated that the heme prosthetic groups define two separate active sites on opposite sides of the membrane at which the oxidation of quinol and the reduction of water, respectively, are catalyzed. This paper represents an initial effort to define the axial ligands of each of the three or four hemes within the amino acid sequence of the oxidase subunits. Each of the 10 histidine residues has been altered by site-directed mutagenesis with the expectation that histidine residues are likely candidates for heme ligands. Eight of the 10 histidine residues are not essential for enzyme activity, and 2 appear to function as heme axial ligands. Histidine 186 in subunit I is required for the cytochrome b558 component of the enzyme. This residue is likely to be located near the periplasmic surface of the membrane. Histidine 19, near the amino terminus of subunit I also appears to be a heme ligand. It is concluded that two of the four or five expected heme axial ligands have been tentatively identified, although further work is required to confirm these conclusions. A minimum of two additional axial ligands must be residues other than histidine.
Comparative analysis of OpenCL vs. HDL with image-processing kernels on Stratix-V FPGA

Application development with hardware description languages (HDLs) such as VHDL or Verilog involves numerous productivity challenges, limiting the potential impact of reconfigurable computing (RC) with FPGAs in high-performance computing. Major challenges with HDL design include steep learning curves, large and complex codes, long compilation times, and lack of development standards across platforms. A relative newcomer to RC, the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) reduces productivity hurdles by providing a platform-independent, C-based programming language. In this study, we conduct a performance and productivity comparison between three image-processing kernels (Canny edge detector, Sobel filter, and SURF feature-extractor) developed using Altera's SDK for OpenCL and traditional VHDL. Our results show that VHDL designs achieved a more efficient use of resources (59% to 70% less logic), however, both OpenCL and VHDL designs resulted in similar timing constraints (255MHz max < 325MHz). Furthermore, we observed a 6× increase in productivity when using OpenCL development tools, as well as the ability to efficiently port the same OpenCL designs without change to three different RC platforms, with similar performance in terms of frequency and resource utilization.
Women and Race in Early Modern Texts: Introduction: women, race, and Renaissance texts

In 1507 and again in 1508 the court of King James IV of Scotland mounted a tournament of the wild knight and the black lady. Surviving accounts of these splendid occasions constitute a rare record of the representation of African women in the early modern period. We know that the king was outfitted in black and gold, from his doublet and hood to the weapons he carried and possibly later presented as prizes. His attendants may even have worn silver and gilt horns as part of their costumes, and ridden contraptions rigged up to look like wild beasts. Mounted during a period when James was attempting to pacify the Gaelic Scots of the Highlands, the tournament of the wild knight performed for court consumption a kind of flirtation with the cultural notion of wildness. As the wild knight who wins the black lady and then reveals himself as the king, James symbolically crosses out of the self-consciously civilized and magnificent precincts of his court at Edinburgh, secures a prize from outside the borders of that court through at least partial symbolic appropriation of the tools of the unknown, and then returns home to the admiration and acclamation of his subjects. This notion of voyaging outward and then returning with knowledge of and booty from the outside gains significance from the position of the black lady as the prize to be won.
Electronic structure of hyper-kagome Na 4 Ir 3 O 8

We investigate the electronic structure of the frustrated magnet ${\text{Na}}_{4}{\text{Ir}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{8}$ using density-functional theory. Due to strong spin-orbit coupling, the hyper-kagome lattice is characterized by a half-filled complex of $d$ states, making it a cubic iridium analog of the high-temperature superconducting cuprates. The implications of our results for this unique material are discussed.
MSFVW dimensional resonances of YIG film cavity

A theoretical study of the magnetostatic forward-volume-wave (MSFVW) dimensional resonances of a rectangular YIG (yttrium iron garnet) film cavity is presented and takes into account the evanescent fields in the air region surrounding the cavity. The inclusion of the air field represents an important advance over previous studies which ignored these fields by making the simplifying assumption that the four cavity walls normal to the plane of the YIG film are magnetic walls. The proposed method uses a building-block approach and is based on a determination of the MSFVW reflection coefficient for the case of oblique incidence at a single YIG-film wall. >
Effect of expectancy and personality on cortical excitability in Parkinson's disease.

Our previous studies in Parkinson's disease have shown that both levodopa and expectancy of receiving levodopa reduce cortical excitability. We designed this study to evaluate how degree of expectancy and other individual factors modulate placebo response in Parkinson's patients. Twenty-six Parkinson's patients were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: 0%, 50%, and 100% expectancy of receiving levodopa. All subjects received placebo regardless of expectancy group. Subjects completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Cortical excitability was measured by the amplitude of motor-evoked potential (MEP) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Objective physical fatigue of extensor carpi radialis before and after placebo levodopa was also measured. Responders were defined as subjects who responded to the placebo levodopa with a decrease in MEP. Degree of expectancy had a significant effect on MEP response (P < .05). Subjects in the 50% and 100% expectancy groups responded with a decrease in MEP, whereas those in the 0% expectancy group responded with an increase in MEP (P < .05). Responders tended to be more open to experience than nonresponders. There were no significant changes in objective physical fatigue between the expectancy groups or between responders and nonresponders. Expectancy is associated with changes in cortical excitability. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between personality and placebo effect in Parkinson's patients. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society.
Unsteady Wake Effect on Film Effectiveness and Heat Transfer Coefficient From a Turbine Blade With One Row of Air and CO2 Film Injection

The effect of unsteady ware and film injection on heat transfer coefficients and film effectiveness from a gas turbine blade was found experimentally. A spoked wheel type wake generator produced the unsteady flow. Experiments were done with a five airfoil linear cascades in a low-speed wind tunnel at a chord Reynolds number of 3×10 5 , two wake Strouhal numbers of 0.1 and 0.3, and a no-wake case. A model turbine blade injected air or CO 2 through one row of film holes each on the pressure and suction surfaces. The results show that the large-density injectant (CO 2 ) causes higher heat transfer coefficients on the suction surface and lower heat transfer coefficients on the pressure surface. At the higher blowing ratios of 1.0 and 1.5, the film effectiveness increases with increasing injectant-to-mainstream density ratio at a given Strouhal number
Atomic adsorption on the (020) surface of α − Pu : A density functional study

Adsorption of atomic carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen on the (020) surface of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pu}$ has been investigated using the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave plus local basis method. The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional is used and the surface is modeled by a four-layer periodic slab consisting of a total of $32\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Pu}$ atoms. Adsorption energies have been optimized with respect to the distance of the adatom from the Pu surface for four adsorption sites, namely, the onefold top, onefold hollow, twofold short-bridge, and the twofold long-bridge sites. To investigate the effects of spin-orbit coupling on the adsorption process, computations have been carried out at two theoretical levels, one at the scalar-relativistic level with no spin-orbit coupling (NSOC) and one at the fully relativistic level with spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The short-bridge site was the most stable adsorption site for C, with chemisorption energies of 5.880 and $6.038\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ at the NSOC and SOC levels of theory, respectively. The long-bridge site was the most stable adsorption site for N and O, with chemisorption energies at the NSOC and SOC levels of theory, respectively, being 5.806 and $6.067\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ for N and 7.155 and $7.362\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ for O. The respective distances of the C, N, and O adatoms from the surface for the most stable adsorption sites were found to be 1.32, 1.26, and $1.35\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$. Our results show that SOC adsorption energies are more stable than NSOC adsorption energies in the $0.14--0.32\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ range. The work function and net spin magnetic moments, respectively, increased and decreased in all cases upon chemisorption compared to the bare surface. The local density of states and difference charge densities have been used to analyze the interaction between the adatoms and the substrate.
The structural analysis of phase space trajectories

Abstract Multidimensional phase space trajectories can be difficult to understand due to their complexity and the typically high dimensionality of the space. This paper proposes a global perspective to the problem having two aspects: first, the trajectory is viewed geometrically and analyzed structurally and second, the detailed trajectory information is compacted into a small number of averaged but global quantities. Several basic structural parameters such as the center of mass, principal moments of inertia, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the momenta ellipsoid, average speed, etc. are defined to characterize trajectories. Additionally, the sensitivity coefficients of these newly defined quantities are examined. As illustrative examples, the Lotka oscillator and the H 2 O 2 oxidation system are discussed. Finally, some interesting asymptotic properties of oscillatory systems are presented as a result of this work.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth following Aerobic Expression of the DosR Regulon

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulator DosR is induced by multiple stimuli including hypoxia, nitric oxide and redox stress. Overlap of these stimuli with conditions thought to promote latency in infected patients fuels a model in which DosR regulon expression is correlated with bacteriostasis in vitro and a proxy for latency in vivo. Here, we find that inducing the DosR regulon to wildtype levels in aerobic, replicating M. tuberculosis does not alter bacterial growth kinetics. We conclude that DosR regulon expression alone is insufficient for bacterial latency, but rather is expressed during a range of growth states in a dynamic environment.
Electrical properties of motoneurons in the spinal cord of rat embryos.

Abstract Electrical properties of immature motoneurons were studied in vitro using isolated segments of spinal cords of rat embryos aged 14–21 days of gestation. Stable resting potentials and evoked synaptic potentials were recorded for more than 9 hr, indicating that motoneurons remain viable for many hours. Motoneurons are electrically excitable at 14 days of gestation and from the onset of excitability the action potentials are Na + -dependent but slow rising long-duration Ca 2+ -dependent action potentials can be evoked if K + conductance is reduced. Thus, during embryonic development the regenerative potential inward current is Na + - and Ca 2+ -dependent. During motoneurons' differentiation there are some changes in their electrical properties: resting membrane potential increases, input resistance decreases, input capacitance increases, threshold for action potential decreases, and maximum rate of rise of action potential increases. Afferent motoneuron contacts are formed at 16–18 days of gestation when excitatory synaptic potentials can first be evoked in response to dorsal root stimulation. The changes in input capacitance and threshold for action potential occur at the onset of functional afferent motoneuron contacts, but it is not known whether these changes are autonomous or are influenced by the newly formed sensory inputs.
Clinical Ethics Credentialing and the Perilous Cart-Before-the-Horse Problem

In the zeal to find a workable credentialing process for clinical ethics consultants (CECs), the current motto in the field seems to be “something is better than nothing.” Although the field has be...
SERIAL ULTRASOUND EVALUATION OF INTRAMYOCARDIAL STRAIN AFTER REPERFUSED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION REVEALS THAT REMOTE ZONE DYSSYNCHRONY DEVELOPS IN CONCERT WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING

This study noninvasively evaluated the development of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony following reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) in mice using an ultrasonic speckle-tracking method. Eight C57BL/6J mice were assessed by high-resolution echocardiography at baseline and at eight time-points following MI. Images were acquired at 1mm elevational intervals encompassing the entire LV to determine chamber volumes and radial strain. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of regional radial strain was used to segment the three-dimensional (3-D) LV into infarct, adjacent and remote zones. This in vivo segmentation was correlated to histologic infarct size (R = 0.89, p < 0.01) in a short-axis, slice-by-slice comparison. The onset of dyssynchrony during LV remodeling was assessed by standard deviation of time to peak radial strain in the infarct, adjacent and remote zones. It was discovered that the form of LV dyssynchrony that develops in the remote zone late after MI does so in concert with the progression of LV remodeling (R = 0.70, p < 0.05).
LACTIC ACID FORMATION IN ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION BY YEAST.

mented media was always associated with the presence of contaminating organisms. Subsequently, its occurrence in alcoholic fermentations, free of bacteria, was established, and several theories were proposed in which lactic acid played the r?le of a three-carbon intermediate between sugar and the end products, carbon dioxide and alcohol. B?chner and Meisenheimer (3) on the basis of their work with yeast press juice, first reported lactic acid to be such an intermediate ; later, however, as a result of experiments made with pure yeast cultures, they concluded that live yeasts neither form nor ferment lactic acid. Slator (29) failed to agree with B?chner and Meisenheimer's early work, considering lactic acid as a by-product rather than intermediate in alcoholic fermentation. The proponents of the WohlSchade (6,18, 26) hypothesis held lactic acid to be an intermediate product in alcoholic fermentation. Neuberg and Tir (23), Fernbach and Schoen (9, 10), and Euler and Lindner (8), also presented evidence for the intermediate r?le of lactic acid in alcoholic fermentation. Among those who could not confirm this evidence were Kerb and Zeckendorf (16), and Kostychev and Frey (17). Oppenheimer (24) considered lactic acid to be a by-product of alcoholic fermentation. His work indicates that either dihydroxyacetone or glyceric aldehyde (probably the latter), may be regarded as precursors of lactic acid. Meanwhile Neuberg (20, 21, 22), presented evidence to show that methyl glyoxal was the precursor of lactic acid in both yeast fermentation and that brought about by animal tissues. He considered the formation of lactic acid from sugar quite probable. The foregoing as well as many other investigations (27, 28), of the r?le of lactic acid in alcoholic fermentation were conducted chiefly to determine the mechanism of its formation and cannot be cited as evidence of its occurrence as a by-product of normal alcoholic fermentation. The frequent occurrence of lactic acid bacteria in alcoholic fermentations makes many of the early investigations of doubtful value. Recent reports (1, 5, 7, 13) have postulated the formation of lactic acid as a by-product of alcoholic fermentation of sugar by pure yeasts. Durmishidze (5) concludes that lactic acid is a