cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurogenin 3 expressing cells in the human exocrine pancreas have the capacity for endocrine cell fate

Neurogenin 3 (NGN3) is necessary and sufficient for endocrine differentiation during pancreatic development and is expressed by a population of progenitor cells that give rise exclusively to hormone-secreting cells within islets. NGN3 protein can be detected in the adult rodent pancreas only following certain types of injury, when it is transiently expressed by exocrine cells undergoing reprogramming to an endocrine cell fate. Here, NGN3 protein can be detected in 2% of acinar and duct cells in living biopsies of histologically normal adult human pancreata and 10% in cadaveric biopsies of organ donor pancreata. The percentage and total number of NGN3+ cells increase during culture without evidence of proliferation or selective cell death. Isolation of highly purified and viable NGN3+ cell populations can be achieved based on coexpression of the cell surface glycoprotein CD133. Transcriptome and targeted expression analyses of isolated CD133+ / NGN3+ cells indicate that they are distinct from surrounding exocrine tissue with respect to expression phenotype and Notch signaling activity, but retain high level mRNA expression of genes indicative of acinar and duct cell function. NGN3+ cells have an mRNA expression profile that resembles that of mouse early endocrine progenitor cells. During in vitro differentiation, NGN3+ cells express genes in a pattern characteristic of endocrine development and result in cells that resemble beta cells on the basis of coexpression of insulin C-peptide, chromogranin A and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1. NGN3 expression in the adult human exocrine pancreas marks a dedifferentiating cell population with the capacity to take on an endocrine cell fate. These cells represent a potential source for the treatment of diabetes either through ex vivo manipulation, or in vivo by targeting mechanisms controlling their population size and endocrine cell fate commitment.
An Assessment of Engineered Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation on Plant Growth and Development as a Step toward Evaluating Its Use to Enhance Plant Defense

The establishment of new approaches to control chewing insects has been sought not only for direct use in reducing crop loss but also in managing resistance to the pesticides already in use. Engineered formation of calcium oxalate crystals is a potential strategy that could be developed to fulfill both these needs. As a step toward this development, this study investigates the effects of transforming a non-calcium oxalate crystal accumulating plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, into a crystal accumulating plant. Calcium oxalate crystal accumulating A. thaliana lines were generated by ectopic expression of a single bacterial gene encoding an oxalic acid biosynthetic enzyme. Biochemical and cellular studies suggested that the engineered A. thaliana lines formed crystals of calcium oxalate in a manner similar to naturally occurring crystal accumulating plants. The amount of calcium oxalate accumulated in leaves also reached levels similar to those measured in the leaves of Medicago truncatula in which the crystals are known to play a defensive role. Visual inspection of the different engineered lines, however, suggested a phenotypic consequence on plant growth and development with higher calcium oxalate concentrations. The restoration of a near wild-type plant phenotype through an enzymatic reduction of tissue oxalate supported this observation. Overall, this study is a first to provide initial insight into the potential consequences of engineering calcium oxalate crystal formation in non-crystal accumulating plants.
Personnel Selection and Employee Performance

This paper is organized around a model of job performance in which personality and ability constructs (KSASOs) are seen as leading to procedural and declarative knowledge and motivation which, in turn, lead to task proficiency and contextual and adaptive behavior. These latter individual performance variables are thought to have implications for a set of distal variables, many of which can be conceptualized as organizational level constructs (e.g., social responsibility and litigation). Our sense is that job analyses are means of developing performance models. Some important and relatively new developments in this area include the job information tool known as O*NET. Adding distal variables to a performance model means that we must consider levels of analysis issues. Literature on applicant reactions to selection procedures and the implications of those reactions is discussed as is the notion that withdrawal behavior is a general concern that includes tardiness, absenteeism, counterproductive behavior, and turnover. Still other new developments include the use of technology in measurement, use of our procedures in other cultures, and the critical consideration of time in our analyses of the relationship of various variables with individual differences. Finally, the notion that performance itself is multidimensional is being addressed as a result of recent theorizing about its nature. Keywords: adaptive performance; contextual behavior; customer satisfaction; individual differences; knowledge; performance; test reactions; withdrawal behavior
Eruptive widespread Spitz nevi

A 12-year-old girl was evaluated for a widespread eruption of Spitz nevi. Multiple Spitz nevi are rare, and this variant is exceedingly rare. The reported cases of eruptive nevi of all types are briefly reviewed. Very little is known regarding cause, natural history, or treatment. Cutaneous stimulation occurring in a genetically predisposed individual is the proposed essential causative factor in this disorder.
Production and characterization of the functional fragment of pneumococcal surface protein A.

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is present on the cell wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogen and has an antigenetically variable N-terminal domain. This aminoterminal domain is essential for full pneumococcal virulence, and monoclonal antibodies raised against it protect mice against pneumococcal infections. We have cloned and expressed a 34-kDa N-terminal fragment of PspA in Escherichia coli in a soluble form using the T7 RNA polymerase pET-20b vector system. Nickel chelate affinity purification followed by size exclusion and anion exchange chromatography yielded large amounts of pure and homogeneous protein. Analytical ultracentrifugation sedimentation velocity band and boundary studies showed that the molecule was present in aqueous solutions in a monomeric form with an axial shape ratio of approximately 1:12, typical of fibrous proteins. Sequence analyses indicated an alpha-helical coiled-coil structure for this monomeric molecule with only few loop-type breaks in helicity. The mostly alpha-helical structure of this PspA construct was consistent with circular dichroism spectroscopy data. Based on the ultracentrifugation studies, the circular dichroism spectra, and the PspA's sequence analyses, two structural models for the amino-terminal part of the PspA molecule are proposed. The evident highly charged and polar character of the surface of the modeled structures suggests functional properties of PspA that are related to the prevention of S. pneumoniae interactions with the host complement system.
Structure-function analysis of the fanconi anemia complementation group c (Fancc) Gene reveals different requirements for STAT-1 activation and for resistance to cross-linking agents

Abstract The FA group C gene product (FANCC) is required for resisting alkylating agents and for optimal activation of Stat-1 in normal cytokine-stimulated cells. Seeking to isolate structural determinants of these two functions of FANCC, we transduced cells obtained from children with FA-C with retroviral vectors expressing six alanine mutants of FANCC cDNA and tested cell survival in mitomycin C (MMC) and Stat-1 activation in response to IFNγ. All mutants effectively complemented the alkylator hypersensitive phenotype, but two mutations, S249A and E251A, failed to correct defective Stat-1 activation in the FA-C lymphoblast cell line HSC536N. We next asked whether this domain might be functionally preserved in some milder cases of FA. In the FA-C cell line PD4 which expresses an N-terminally truncated mutant 55 kDa protein (M55) with normal S249 and E251, we determined that Stat-1 is normally phosphorylated. Moreover, M55 cDNA complemented the Stat-1 activation defect in HSC536 cells without reversing MMC sensitivity. Thus, a central domain of the FANCC protein is required for functional interaction of FANCC with Stat-1 and differs from structural elements required for MMC protection which do not tolerate N-terminal truncation. Functional preservation of this domain may explain the less severe hematologic phenotype in selected children with FA-C.
A Landau theory of the Peierls-BCS transition☆

Abstract We introduce a Landau type theory of the Peierls instability-superconductor transition involving two complex order parameters. Under a particular inequality condition among expansion parameters, the theory predicts that the superfluid conductivity should vary as (T−T c ) −3 2 above the critical region and as (T ∗ c −T) −3 2 below the critical region.
Statistical entropy of three-dimensional q-deformed Kerr–de Sitter space

Abstract A quantum deformation of three-dimensional de Sitter space was proposed in hep-th/0407188 . We use this to calculate the entropy of Kerr–de Sitter space, using a canonical ensemble, and find agreement with the semiclassical result.
NIFEDIPINE REVERSES LATE PERSISTENT HYPOXEMIA AFTER RESUSCITATION OF ASPHYXIATED LAMBS AT BIRTH

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a disorder associated with perinatal asphyxia which leads to severe hypoxemia in the neonatal period. In studies of the transitional circulation in lambs, we found that some lambs who experienced acute intrapartum or postnatal hypoxemia developed a late persistent hypoxemia (LPH) despite successful resuscitation and grossly normal appearing lungs, a course similar to PPHN. Because nifedipine (NP), a calcium antagonist, has therapeutic benefits in some forms of pulmonary hypertension, we treated lambs demonstrating LPH 30-60 mins after birth with sublingual NP (10-20 mg). Fetal lambs (0.95 term) were chronically instrumented with amniotic and femoral arterial and venous catheters to continuously monitor systemic arterial pressure and heart rate as well as arterial blood gases in utero, during Caesarean section delivery (spinal anesthesia) and after birth (AB). Seven lambs with hypoxemia and acidosis were resuscitated (R) between 1-30' AB by continuous mechanical ventilation (PaCO2 25-35 mmHg) with 100% O2 and NaHCO3 for pH <7.25, BE <-10. Comparisons of PaO2 (mmHg) were made between three groups of lambs.
Concept Generation Algorithms for Repository-Based Early Design

Modern product and engineering design research explores methods for formally generating design concepts from stored knowledge. We discuss a design methodology which utilizes archived design knowledge gained from product dissection to aid novice designers in developing new product designs. In this design paradigm, new designs are developed as a model of the product’s intended functionality, rather than a model of actual, physical components. This paper formulates an algorithm to automatically generate a set of components to instantiate such a functional model using archived design knowledge, which maps components to the functions they can satisfy and provides precedents for which components can be connected. In order to avoid generating an exponential number of instantiations, component failure data is leveraged to develop a dynamic programming algorithm. In addition, a method which uses this information to train a Hidden Markov Model is also developed. This Hidden Markov Model is consulted to generate a set of instantiations with low failure rates while avoiding exponential runtime.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Adaptive local discontinuous Galerkin approximation to Richards’ equation

Abstract We propose a spatially and temporally adaptive solution to Richards’ equation based upon a local discontinuous Galerkin approximation in space and a high-order, backward difference method in time. We cast our approach in terms of a general, decoupled adaption algorithm based upon operators. We define non-unique instances of all operators to result in an adaption method from within the general class of methods that is defined. We formally decouple the spatial adaption from the temporal adaption using a method of lines approach and limit the temporal truncation error so that the total error is dominated by the spatial component. We use a multiple grid approach to guide adaption and support the data structures. Spatial adaption decisions are based upon error and regularity indicators, which are economical to compute. The resultant methods are compared for two test problems. The results show that the proposed adaption methods are superior to methods that adapt only in time and that in cases in which the problem has sufficient smoothness, adapting the order of the elements in addition to the grid spacing can further improve the efficiency of this robust solution approach.
Characteristics of oxidant precursor emissions from anthropogenic sources in the United States

Abstract Hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) have been identified as the most important precursor pollutants for oxidant formation in the atmosphere. These pollutants are emitted both from natural and anthropogenic sources; however, these two types of sources are generally geographically separated. Anthropogenic emissions are dominant in and around urban centers, where the majority of severe oxidant problems occur. Based on data gathered by the MAP3S/RAINE emissions inventory project, anthropogenic emissions of HC in the conterminous United States were 24.8 million metric tons in 1979. HC emissions were predominantly from area sources, the transportation sector being the largest contributor with 39.8% of the total. State-by-state breakdowns are also included. Based on analyses by other emissions inventory projects, the nonreactive fraction of the emissions from the transportation sector is less than 20% by weight. The highest proportion of HC emissions occur at low altitudes (0–50 m range) in high population density areas. Anthropogenic emissions of NO x were 23.7 million metric tons in 1979; 50.8% were from point sources. The transportation sector and the electric utilities sector account for 37.1% and 30.9% of the NO x emissions, respectively. The NO 2 fraction of the emissions from the transportation and electric utilities sectors is less than 10% by weight, based on NO/NO 2 speciation data from two other emissions inventories. Highest rates of NO x emissions occur in high population density areas and are released at low altitude (0–50 m); three areas of high electric generating capacity were found to have high release altitudes.
Some conceptual problems in biological psychiatry

Abstract The conceptual problems of considering the relationship of mind to body clouds the field of biological psychiatry. An unnecessary distinction often is made between physicochemical causality and understanding mental processes. Both physicochemical and mental states are equally amenable to scientific scrutiny. We need not accept an explanation of mental states that lacks scientific evidence. Neither should the spectre of Skinnerian determinism versus free will deter the scientific investigation of mental states. Both extremes are untenable. Personal autonomy is a matter of degree. There is, presently, a marked asymmetry in biological psychiatry. We know much more about altering psychopathology with physicochemical means than we know about physicochemical causes of psychopathology. This may be due to the need for conceptual models to understand etiology. Such a model will be more easily developed if we shed the unnecessary burden of nonscientific approaches to the mind.
The role of post-operative radiotherapy in the treatment of operable breast cancer

In current practice, the management of early stage breast cancer involves a multidisciplinary cooperation among surgeons, radiation therapists, and medical oncologists. The goals of local treatment in this setting are to secure tumor control and to identify patients who are to be treated with adjuvant systemic therapy. For patients treated by mastectomy, the value of post-operative radiotherapy in primary treatment remains controversial. In this review, we examine the evolution of treatment philosophies for operable breast cancer and the results from recent clinical studies in an attempt to assess the current role of post-operative radiotherapy.
Multiscale Analysis of Delamination of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Laminates with Carbon Nanotubes

A multi-scale analysis is presented to parametrically describe the Mode I delamination of a carbon fiber/epoxy laminate. In the midplane of the laminate, carbon nanotubes are included for the purposes of selectively enhancing the fracture toughness of the laminate. To analyze carbon fiber epoxy carbon nanotube laminate, the multi-scale methodology presented here links a series of parameterizations taken at various length scales ranging from the atomistic through the micromechanical to the structural level. At the atomistic scale molecular dynamics simulations are performed in conjunction with an equivalent continuum approach to develop constitutive properties for representative volume elements of the molecular structure of components of the laminate. The molecular-level constitutive results are then used in the Mori-Tanaka micromechanics to develop bulk properties for the epoxy-carbon nanotube matrix system. In order to demonstrate a possible application of this multi-scale methodology, a double cantilever beam specimen is modeled. An existing analysis is employed which uses discrete springs to model the fiber bridging affect during delamination propagation. In the absence of empirical data or a damage mechanics model describing the effect of CNTs on fracture toughness, several tractions laws are postulated, linking CNT volume fraction to fiber bridging in a DCB specimen. Results from this demonstration are presented in terms of DCB specimen load-displacement responses.
Calcium/calmodulin modulation of olfactory and rod cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels mediate sensory transduction in olfactory sensory neurons and retinal photoreceptor cells. In these systems, internal calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) inhibits CNG channels, thereby having a putative role in sensory adaptation. Functional differences in Ca2+/CaM-dependent inhibition depend on the different subunit composition of olfactory and rod CNG channels. Recent evidence shows that three subunit types (CNGA2, CNGA4, and CNGB1b) make up native olfactory CNG channels and account for the fast inhibition of native channels by Ca2+/CaM. In contrast, two subunit types (CNGA1 and CNGB1) appear sufficient to mirror the native properties of rod CNG channels, including the inhibition by Ca2+/CaM. Within CNG channel tetramers, specific subunit interactions also mediate Ca2+/CaM-dependent inhibition. In olfactory CNGA2 channels, Ca2+/CaM binds to an N-terminal region and disrupts an interaction between the N- and C-terminal regions, causing inhibition. Ca2+/CaM also binds the N-terminal region of CNGB1 subunits and disrupts an intersubunit, N- and C-terminal interaction between CNGB1 and CNGA1 subunits in rod channels. However, the precise N- and C-terminal regions that form these interactions in olfactory channels are different from those in rod channels. Here, we will review recent advances in understanding the subunit composition and the mechanisms and roles for Ca2+/CaM-dependent inhibition in olfactory and rod CNG channels.
The growth of entire and harmonic functions along asymptotic paths

It was brought to the authors ' attention by J. M. Wu that the proof of L e m m a 3 in our paper is incorrect, leaving a gap in the proof of Theorem 2. In this short note we will give a correct proof of Theorem 2. We will use all the notation including references and numbering that appear in the original paper. Although L e m m a 1 is correct as stated we need to restate it with (2.1) replaced with
Organoiron chemistry annual survey for the year 1988

Etude des composes avec des coordinats hapto: reactivite des complexes de fer carbonyle ou non
Rapid point-of-care assay of enoxaparin anticoagulant efficacy in whole blood.

There is the need for a clinical assay to determine the extent to which a patient's blood is effectively anticoagulated by the low-molecularweight-heparin (LMWH), enoxaparin. There are also urgent clinical situations where it would be important if this could be determined rapidly. The present assay is designed to accomplish this. We only assayed human blood samples that were spiked with known concentrations of enoxaparin. The essential feature of the present assay is the quantification of the efficacy of enoxaparin in a patient's blood sample by degrading it to complete inactivity with heparinase. Two blood samples were drawn into Vacutainer tubes (Becton-Dickenson; Franklin Lakes, NJ) that were spiked with enoxaparin; one sample was digested with heparinase for 5 min at 37 °C, the other sample represented the patient's baseline anticoagulated status. The percent shortening of clotting time in the heparinase-treated sample, as compared to the baseline state, yielded the anticoagulant contribution of enoxaparin. We used the portable, battery operated Hemochron 801 apparatus for measurements of clotting times (International Technidyne Corp., Edison, NJ). The apparatus has 2 thermostatically controlled (37 °C) assay tube wells. We conducted the assays in two types of assay cartridges that are available from the manufacturer of the instrument. One cartridge was modified to increase its sensitivity. We removed the kaolin from the FTK-ACT cartridge by extensive rinsing with distilled water, leaving only the glass surface of the tube, and perhaps the detection magnet, as activators. We called this our minimally activated assay (MAA). The use of a minimally activated assay has been studied by us and others. 2-4 The second cartridge that was studied was an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay (A104). This was used as supplied from the manufacturer. The thermostated wells of the instrument were used for both the heparinase digestion and coagulation assays. The assay can be completed within 10 min. The MAA assay showed robust changes in clotting time after heparinase digestion of enoxaparin over a typical clinical concentration range. At 0.2 anti-Xa I.U. of enoxaparin per ml of blood sample, heparinase digestion caused an average decrease of 9.8% (20.4 sec) in clotting time; at 1.0 I.U. per ml of enoxaparin there was a 41.4% decrease (148.8 sec). This report only presents the experimental application of the assay; its value in a clinical setting must still be established.
Strain-Balanced ${\rm Ge}_{z}{\rm Sn}_{1-z}\hbox{--}{\rm Si}_{x}{\rm Ge}_{y}{\rm Sn}_{1-x-y}$ Multiple-Quantum-Well Lasers

We propose and analyze a strain-balanced GezSn1-z-SixGeySn1-x-y multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser. By incorporating a proper amount of -Sn into Ge, a direct-bandgap GeSn alloy can be realized to achieve population inversion in the direct conduction band. The introduction of compressive strain into the GeSn QW can effectively modify the valence band structure to reduce the threshold carrier density. We calculate the electronic band structure and the polarization-dependent optical gain of the strained GezSn1-z-SixGeySn1-x-y MQW laser taking into account the effect of the L-conduction bands. We also present our waveguide design for index guidance and calculate the optical confinement factors of various regions. Our calculation indicates that the modal gain can reach the threshold condition and lead to lasing action.
Mutant ATP-binding RNA aptamers reveal the structural basis for ligand binding

The solution structure of the ATP-binding RNA aptamer has recently been determined by NMR spectroscopy. The three-dimensional fold of the molecule is determined to a large extent by stacking and hydrogen bond interactions. In the course of the structure determination it was discovered that several highly conserved nucleotides in the binding pocket can be substituted while retaining binding under NMR conditions. These surprising findings allow a closer look at the interactions that determine stability and specificity of the aptamer as well as local structural features of the molecule. The binding properties of ATP binder mutants and modified ligand molecules are explored using NMR spectroscopy, column binding studies and molecular modeling. We present additional evidence and new insights regarding the network of hydrogen bonds that defines the structure and determines stability and specificity of the aptamer.
THE C- AND N-TERMINAL AMINO ACID SEQUENCES OF CLOSTRIDIUM PASTEURIANUM FERREDOXIN.

Abstract Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin is a protein consisting of a single polypeptide chain. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences have been determined to be AlaTyr-Lys- from the tryptic and chymotryptic peptides, and alanine was shown to be the N-terminal amino acid by dinitrophenylation. The carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequences have been shown to be -Val-Ser-Glu by the action of carboxypeptidase A on performic acid oxidized ferredoxin. The results indicate that the ferredoxin polypeptide contains one tyrosine, lysine, and phenylalanine with a molecular weight of about 5800.
Printability of opaque repairs for DUV EPSM clear defects at sub-half-micrometer design rules

In this paper, the effect of opaque film deposition for 6% embedded phase shift mask (EPSM) clear defect repair in the wafer level via experiment and simulation are discussed. In the experiment, a 248 nm printing tool with 0.5 NA and 0.6 partial coherence were used. All the repairs were done with a laser repair tool. The original clear mask defects are placed on 0.26 micrometer and 0.44 micrometer mask dark lines (1x). The repaired areas as large as 0.26 micrometer multiplied by 0.7 micrometer were studied experimentally. We found in our study that the resist critical dimension (CD) of an opaque repaired region (line) tends to print narrower than that of a defect-free region in a DUV wafer process due to the transmission and phase mismatch. This result is consistent with our simulation prediction. This line narrowing effect could become an issue at 0.25 micrometer design rule since the process window at that design rule is usually very small as compared to that of larger design rules. In the experiment, we also observed resist CD asymmetrical response to the defocus due to laser damage to the quartz. This quartz damage is induced during a follow-up laser ablation process to trim off the excessive repair material near the line edge.
Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of site-specific diagnostic tests

Clinical trials designed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of periodontal diagnostic tests often use multiple sites per patient as experimental units of analyses. Since site-specific test results within a patient are dependent observations, a correlated binomial model should be employed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of these diagnostic tests. Ignoring the within-patient correlation can result in an over- or underestimation of the true standard errors.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADMINISTRATIVE TRAINING PROGRAMS: PROFESSORS AND THEIR WORK ENVIRONMENTS

This paper presents the findings of a nation‐wide survey in the USA of the organizational environment, or climate, of UCEA affiliated preparation programs in educational administration. A factor structure extracted from the responses of 202 professors is described along with a data analysis of the forty‐two institutions they represent. Implications to program development are also made based on an analysis of variance among the participating institutions. This research was supported in part by the School of Education, New York University, and the Staff Affiliate Program of UCEA.
SIMPLIFIED DYNAMIC EQUATIONS APPLIED TO THE ROTATING-BASIN EXPERIMENTS

Abstract By means of truncated Fourier-Bessel series, a two-layer geostrophic “numerical-prediction” model with heating and friction is reduced to a set of eight ordinary nonlinear differential equations in eight dependent variables. These equations allow the presence of disturbances of a single wave number. They permit the occurrence of baroclinic but not barotropic instability. They possess appropriate energy invariants if heating and friction are temporarily suppressed. The simplified equations are applied to the flow of a liquid in a symmetrically heated rotating basin. Exact solutions are determined for the steady Hadley and Rossby regimes, and the criterion for the stability of the Hadley regime is obtained. For high rotation rates the criterion for the disappearance of an established Rossby regime differs from the criterion for the onset of a Rossby regime. The equations are modified to allow for the presence of several wave numbers simultaneously. Each wave number interacts with the zonal flow, bu...
Dopamine and interscapular fat hemorrhage in the rat pup.

Abstract Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given dopamine during gestation. Several hours after birth, interscapular adipose tissue hemorrhages appeared in some of the offspring of dopamine-treated rats. Dopamine (10 mg/kg/day ip) administered during Days 1–7, 8–14, and 15–21 of gestation caused hemorrhages in 14.8, 6.2, and 0.0% of the offspring, respectively. Only 1.9 and 1.6% of 21-day fetuses from rats given either dopamine (10 mg/kg/day ip) or saline, respectively, during Days 1–7 of gestation had hemorrhages in the interscapular fat. During Days 1–7 of gestation, dopamine (10 mg/kg/day) given intramuscularly produced hemorrhages in only 3.0% of the offspring; intraperitoneal administration led to 14.8% hemorrhage. Female rats were given a single dose of 2.0 μCi of [ 14 C]dopamine (10 mg/kg ip) on Day 7 of gestation and sacrificed after birth. No radioactivity was detected in the interscapular fat, liver, kidney, or brain of the newborn pups. Only the maternal adrenal gland and kidney contained measurable radioactivity (0.011 and 0.006% of the dose per gram of tissue). Moreover, rats given 0.5 μCi of [ 14 C]dopamine (10 mg/kg im) on Day 3 of gestation excreted 99.9% of the radioactivity in their urine within 4 days. Neither vaginal norepinephrine content nor adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity in 21-day pregnant rats was altered by dopamine treatment during Days 1–7 of gestation. Thus, neither exogenous dopamine nor endogenous catecholamines appear to be the final mediator of the hemorrhagic mechanism.
Intralesional administration of rituximab for treatment of CD20 positive orbital lymphoma: Safety and efficacy evaluation

B-cell lymphomas constitute the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the ocular adnexal, often presenting with localized disease. Five patients with primary localized CD20 positive B cell non Hodgkin ocular adnexal lymphomas received intralesional rituximab at the dose of 5mg once a week for one month, followed by 10mg weekly in case of incomplete response. Four of five patients obtained regression of symptoms and 2 of them showed complete response. No patients experienced side effects besides pain on the site of the injection. Local treatment with Rituximab for OAL is a safe and useful first-line therapeutic option.
An Improved Microanalytical Procedure for the Quantitation of Procainamide and N-Acetyl Procainamide in Serum by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of procainamide (PA), and N-acetyl procainamide (NAPA) is presented. Sample preparation employs a simple base-acid double extraction procedure and analysis is carried out on a reverse phase chromatographic system using a μBondapak C18 column and buffered aqueous acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The extraction procedure gives quantitative recovery of both PA and NAPA, and chromatographic results show that drug levels of as low as 0.3 mg per liter of serum can be conveniently analyzed without significant background interferences. The small volume (0.2 ml) of serum needed to perform an analysis makes this method suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in humans and animals as well as for clinical therapeutic drug monitoring studies.
Properties of an oncornavirus glycoprotein: evidence for its presence on the surface of virions and infected cells.

Abstract The surface proteins of a lymphoblast line (SCRF 60 A ) from an NZB mouse were studied. Iodination of the cell surface followed by solubilization and immunoprecipitation with antisera prepared against various MuLVs and cells produced a precipitate which gave a single peak in SDS-PAGE and comprised about 5% of the incorporated iodide. The antigen is a glycoprotein of apparent molecular weight (MW app ) of approximately 70,000 daltons and comprises about 0.1% of the total cellular amino acids and about 10% of the cellular glucosamine. Studies on the oncogenic C type virus produced by SCRF 60 A , Scripps leukemia virus (SLV), showed that a glycoprotein of identical radioactive labeling properties and SDS-PAGE mobility is present on the surface of the virions. It constitutes about 10% of the virion amino acids and about 50% of the glucosamine. This protein reacts with sera which neutralize Moloney, Kirsten, Rauscher, AKR, and, of course, Scripps viruses. These data suggest that this is the antigen detected when murine leukemia cells are studied by immunofluorescence and that this antigen may be involved in virus neutralization.
A genetic selection elucidates structural determinants of arginine versus lysine specificity in trypsin

Abstract A genetic selection has been used to isolate variants of the serine protease, trypsin (Tsn), altered in specificity toward lysine- and arginine-containing substrates. Growth of a lysine auxotroph of Escherichia coli was coupled to activation by Tsn of a non-nutritive source of lysine present in selective media. Nine Tsn variants possessing partial activities were isolated from a random library encompassing amino acids 189 and 190 at the base of the primary specificity pocket. Functional analysis of these isolates indicates that preservation of activity toward lysine-containing substrates is more tolerant to mutation than is activity toward equivalent arginine-containing substrates. Both the position, as well as the accessibility to substrate, of a negatively charged group in the binding pocket appear critical to maintenance of highlevel catalytic potency by Tsn.
Maintenance and decline of the suppression of infanticide in mother rats

Virgin female rats kill foster neonates, whereas newly parturient mothers do not. We demonstrated previously that this tendency to kill is suppressed shortly prepartum, presumably by physiological factors. In this study, we show that a) suppression of infanticide is maintained through the first two weeks of lactation; b) the mothers that do not kill foster neonates are not necessarily the same mothers that respond maternally toward older foster pups, and those that kill neonates are not necessarily the same ones that are nonmaternal to older pups, the two behaviors being somewhat independent; and c) some virgins can be induced to be noninfanticides by prolonged exposure to young, but only under special testing conditions not required by actual mothers, which are nonkillers of foster young. This suggests that the maintenance of the suppression of infanticide in mothers owes something to the special circumstances of lactation other than continued exposure to young.
Gain Regulation of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers

In this paper, we discuss main issues concerning light amplification in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. We investigate the impact of propagation delay through erbium-fiber; influence of stochastic adding and dropping of wavelength division multiplexing on the gain of EDFAs; and, finally, we explain the amplified spontaneous emission of ions, which is an optical noise in EDFAs. Using backward ASE as an output feedback signal and applying the traveling wave model paradigm, we apply some basic ad hoc trial-and-error methods from elemental control theory to improve the gain of EDFAs in presence of ASE
Child care for low-income school-age children: Disability and family structure effects in a national sample

Abstract A secondary analysis of data from the National Survey of America's Families was conducted to explore the use and quality of child care of a nationally representative sample of low-income school-aged children, stratified by disability status and family structure. Measures of care included hours spent in care, hours of self-care, number of care arrangements used per week, costs of care, type of primary care arrangement, and whether parents arranged their work around care. Both family structure and children's disability status influenced the use and quality of care, with children of single parents, and particularly disabled children, seemingly at greatest risk for adverse developmental outcomes related to the care they received.
Indigenous Women: The Right to a Voice

Indigenous Women: The Right to. Voice. Diana Vinding. ed. Copenhagen: International Group for Indigenous Affairs, 1998. 327 pp., maps, photographs, tables.
Hierarchical Structures in Liquid Crystalline Polymers

It is well known that the structure of highly oriented liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) can be characterized by a hierarchical fibrillar structural model. Structure models were developed for the lyotropic aramid fibers and the thermotropic aromatic copolyester fibers during the last two decades showing the existence of fibrillar hierarchies. Hierarchies of structure have also been commonly observed for the biological materials. Concepts learned from the latter are useful in materials science studies today. The nature of the smallest nanostructure that aggregates, the combination of these small structures, typically microfibrils, into larger structures and the interaction of these hierarchical entities are important to understanding their behavior. The architecture of the whole of the polymer or the biological material is a further important variable as is the relation of the process with that architecture. This paper discusses details of the structure of LCPs and draws an analogy between the materials science and biological hierarchies.
A new technique for calculating the potential of the liquid junction

Abstract A new method is developed for calculating the electric potential difference which develops across a liquid junction. It replaces the usual assumptions of constant ionic mobility and activity coefficient with simple functional equations involving the ionic transference numbers and activities, and it presupposes no particular variation of the ionic concentrations within the junction. The resultant expression for the junction potential is simpler than those commonly obtained and, in addition, permits a partial separation of the contributions of the several ion species present in the junction. Applications are given, and the technique is shown to compare favorably with those of Henderson and of Planck.
Electrical Responses of the Human Eye to Changes in Wavelength of the Stimulating Light

The eye fixates on a stationary point at the center of a pattern consisting of alternate stripes of two different wavelengths of light. The pattern exhibits quick, lateral displacements so that each point on the observer’s stationary retina is exposed first to one wavelength, then to the other, then back to the first, and so on for several hundred repetitions. A conventional corneal electrode, together with amplifying equipment and a computer of average transients, provides cumulated records of the electrical responses of the eye to these wavelength shifts. The striped pattern is used to present pairs of monochromatic lights throughout the visible spectrum, the energy of each individual monochromatic light being carefully adjusted so as to be capable of producing a constant amplitude of electrical response from the eye.Alternation between two such monochromatic lights yields electrical responses, the amplitudes of which are related to the difference in wavelength between the two lights. We have found that the algebraic sums of output functions of three color response mechanisms provide a reasonably good fit to the measured amplitudes of response. We conclude that wavelength changes arouse responses, at the retinal level, that are consistent with a simple, additive trichromatic theory.
SAR ATR via pose-tagged partial evidence fusion

This paper discusses the development and construction of a new system for robust, obscured object recognition by means of partial evidence reconstruction from object restricted measures. This new approach employs a partial evidence accrual approach to form both an object identity metric and an object pose estimate. The partial evidence information is obtained by applying several instances of the authors' linear signal decomposition/direction of arrival (LSD/DOA) pose estimation technique. LSD/DOA is a means for estimating object pose for possibly articulated objects with multiple degrees of pose freedom that avoids the use of search mechanisms and template matching. Each instance of application of the LSD/DOA system results in a pose estimate and match metric aimed at recognition of a portion of a desired target. Each such partial object recognizer is formed in such a way as to be exposed to no clutter input when positioned over the target component of interest when no obscuration of the target is present. This work was motivated by the fact that pose estimation in the LSD/DOA method is primarily degraded in practice by the presence of background clutter in the pose estimation filter's region of support. By exploiting several independent pose estimators based upon LSD/DOA's reciprocal basis set filters constructed for overlapping sub-regions of the object, we can construct a pose estimate that is independent of clutter in the unobscured case, and robust with respect to obscuration. Results presented here include receiver operating characteristic curves for SAR targets embedded in clutter with and without partial obscuration.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The relationship between mental retardation and developmental delays in children and the levels of arsenic, mercury and lead in soil samples taken near their mother's residence during pregnancy

This study was designed to evaluate the association between lead, mercury, and arsenic in the soil near maternal residences during pregnancy and mental retardation or developmental disability (MR/DD) in children. The study was conducted using 6,048 mothers who did not move throughout their pregnancies and lived within six strips of land in South Carolina and were insured by Medicaid between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2002. The mother child pairs were then followed until June 1, 2008, through their Medicaid reimbursement files, to identify children diagnosed with MR/DD. The soil was sampled for mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and As based on a uniform grid, and the soil concentrations were Kriged to estimate chemical concentration at individual locations. We identified a significant relationship between MR/DD and As, and the form of the relationship was nonlinear, after controlling for other known risk factors.
Investigation of Partial Flip Angle Magnetic Resonance Imaging

For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head a TR of about 2.0 seconds has been found to give excellent sensitivity to desease. If a flip angle less than 90/sup 0/ is used for initial excitation, it is possible to maintain sensitivity to disease while reducing TR and thus total imaging time. Simulations based on data from patients with representative pathology show that image contrast is preserved. By acquiring sequences at TR = 0.5 seconds with two different flip angles it is possible to calculate T1 with good accuracy, thus allowing calculated images at arbitrary TR to be produced.
Isolation and structural determination of steroidal glycosides from the bulbs of easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.).

The bulbs of the Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) are used as a food and medicine in several Asian cultures, and they are cultivated as an ornamental plant throughout the world. A new steroidal glycoalkaloid and two new furostanol saponins, along with two known steroidal glycosides, were isolated from the bulbs of L. longiflorum. The new steroidal glycoalkaloid was identified as (22R,25R)-spirosol-5-en-3β-yl O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[6-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside. The new furostanol saponins were identified as (25R)-26-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-en-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranoside and (25R)-26-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-en-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranoside. The previously known steroidal glycosides, (22R,25R)-spirosol-5-en-3β-yl O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranoside and (25R)-26-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-...
The Future of Sharing: The Effect of Statewide Consortia on Select Interlibrary Loan Departments

ABSTRACT This article reports on survey findings investigating the impact of statewide library consortia on Interlibrary Loan departments and their potential impact in the State University of New York library system as it moves toward creating its statewide integrated system, called SUNY Connect. The surveys were sent to a sampling of 75 libraries in three existing statewide library consortia, VIVA in Virginia, GALILEO in Georgia and OhioLINK in Ohio. The results of this survey indicate what changes Interlibrary Loan departments may see in workflow, staffing, and technology when joining a statewide consortia.
Ozone, Aerosols, and Solar Radiation in the Stratosphere

The Climatic Impact Assessment Program (CIAP) of the Department of Transportation is— among other things—faced with the task of providing a detailed review of the "undisturbed" stratosphere as it exists before the commencement of SST traffic. CIAP Monograph No. 1, presently in preparation, deals with this "natural stratosphere." Material for a rough draft of this volume was compiled by approximately 90 scientists during a workshop in Ft. Lauderdale from November 28-December 1, 1972. This short review paper, based upon the draft of CIAP Monograph No. 1, points out the highlights of our present knowledge of the stratosphere, especially with respect to the Os, NOX H2O problems, and also explores some of the deficiencies in this knowledge which will have to be overcome before a complete assessment of human impact on this atmospheric region can be made.
A theory on anisotropic piezothermoelastic shell laminates with sensor/actuator applications

Abstract Piezoelectric materials have become very popular in dynamic sensing, actuation and control of active structural and mechanical systems in recent years. This paper sets out to provide a comprehensive thermo-electromechanical theory of anisotropic piezoelectric thin shell laminates subjected to mechanical, electric and temperature excitations. Piezothermoelastic constitutive equations of anisotropic piezoelectric materials are defined, and governing thermo-electromechanical equations and boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton’s principle. In general, the resultant forces/moments and electric displacements have three components, contributed by the elastic, electric and thermal fields, respectively; they interact in the system thermo-electromechanical equations and boundary conditions. Applications of the theory to dynamic sensing and control are also discussed. Due to the generalities of the material and geometry, the derived theory can be widely used in many piezoelectric materials, e.g., piezoceramics, piezo-polymers, etc., and also geometries, e.g., shells, plates, rings, beams, etc. Application examples are given in case studies.