cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The origins of the Irish travellers and the genetic structure of Ireland.

Ireland's unique and well-documented history provides insight into the formation and origins of population subdivisions. Of particular interest, is the controversial ethnogenesis of an itinerant population of Ireland: the Travellers. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the genetic affinity of the Travellers to the general Irish population based on gene frequency data, subdivided by county, and (2) to explore the relationship between subpopulations of Ireland, given its turbulent history. The gene frequencies of standard genetic markers collected from populations residing in counties of Ireland and the Travellers were calculated and analysed using several multivariate methods. First, a relationship (R) matrix was used to ascertain the scaled variancecovariance matrix of population similarity. Second, mean per locus heterozygosity (H) was regressed on distance of the region from the gene frequency centroid (rii). The results of this study include: (1) the confirmation of Crawford's (1975, in...
Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation: Development and Evaluation of a New Construct for Risk Factor Work in the Field of Eating Disorders

The psychometric properties and correlates of a measure designed to assess fear of negative appearance evaluation are presented. In Study 1, 165 college females completed the Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale [FNAES; Thomas, C.M., Keery, H., Williams, R., & Thompson, J. K. (1998, November). The Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale: Development and preliminary validation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC] along with measures of body image, eating disturbance, and depression. Results replicated previous analyses indicating the presence of a single factor, good internal consistency, and significant association with measures of body image and eating disturbance. Additionally, the FNAES accounted for unique variance beyond that explained by general fear of negative evaluation, and other measures of body image and eating disturbance, in the prediction of body shape dysphoria, dietary restraint, and trait anxiety. Study 2 further examined the validity of the FNAES, finding it to correlate significantly with measures of social physique anxiety, body image, eating attitude, and mood. The FNAES did not significantly correlate with body mass index (BMI). Regression analyses found the FNAES to predict levels of body image, eating attitude, and mood beyond variance explained by social physique anxiety. The FNAES appears to measure a conceptually unique aspect of body image that has not been indexed by previous measures and may serve a useful role in risk factor and preventive work.
The Electoral Geography of Weimar Germany: Exploratory Spatial Data Analyses (ESDA) of Protestant Support for the Nazi Party

For more than half a century, social scientists have probed the aggregate correlates of the vote for the Nazi party (NSDAP) in Weimar Germany. Since individual-level data are not available for this time period, aggregate census data for small geographic units have been heavily used to infer the support of the Nazi party by various compositional groups. Many of these studies hint at a complex geographic patterning. Recent developments in geographic methodologies, based on Geographic Information Science (GIS) and spatial statistics, allow a deeper probing of these regional and local contextual elements. In this paper, a suite of geographic methods—global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation, variography, distance-based correlation, directional spatial correlograms, vector mapping, and barrier definition (wombling)—are used in an exploratory spatial data analysis of the NSDAP vote. The support for the NSDAP by Protestant voters (estimated using King's ecological inference procedure) is the key correlate examined. The results from the various methods are consistent in showing a voting surface of great complexity, with many local clusters that differ from the regional trend. The Weimar German electoral map does not show much evidence of a nationalized electorate, but is better characterized as a mosaic of support for “milieu parties,” mixed across class and other social lines, and defined by a strong attachment to local traditions, beliefs, and practices.
Heat production by 3 implant drill systems after repeated drilling and sterilization.

Purpose The goal was to measure heat generated in bone by 3 implant drill systems after repeated drilling and sterilization. Materials and Methods Temperature was measured with thermocouple technology in vitro using the bovine femoral cortical bone model. Intermittent drilling was accomplished at a constant 2.4-kg load and drill speed of 2,500 rpm. External irrigation at 40 mL/min with normal saline was used. Three implant drill systems—system A (triple twist drills with a relief angle), system B (triple twist drills without a relief angle), and system C (double twist drills with a relief angle)—were evaluated and heat was measured at the final drill in the drilling sequence (4.0 mm or 4.2 mm) at a depth of 15 mm. Thermocouples were placed 0.5 mm from the osteotomy at a depth of 15 mm. Heat measurements were recorded out to 25 uses. Results Results showed temperature increased with multiple uses. System A and C drills had temperature measurements that were below 47°C, even after 25 uses. System B drills had temperatures that exceeded 47°C from the initial use. Light microscopy showed little drill wear even after 25 uses. Conclusions Drill geometry plays a major role in heat production and may explain the increased temperature readings seen in system B. These drills lack relief angles and have the smallest clearance angles of the 3 systems. It also has fewer drills in its drilling sequence compared with systems A and C. This study shows that temperatures increase when drills are used multiple times. Systems A and C had acceptable temperature measurements out to 25 uses. System B drills showed significantly higher heat production with little visual signs of wear.
Effects of the Restriction of Time of Water Availability on the Performance of Cage Reared Broilers

Abstract Four trials were conducted to study the effect of the restriction of the time of water availability on the performance of broilers reared in cages. The broilers received continuous light and ad libitum feed throughout the trials. Treatments included either water available continuously or for 30, 15, 10, or 5 min per hour and were begun shortly after the broilers were moved to finishing batteries at three weeks of age. When water was available for as little as 5 min every hour, there was no significant effect on weight gain or feed efficiency.
Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Multihop Random Access Networks

Joint design of flow control, multipath routing, and random access control is considered for wireless multihop networks. Based on a network utility maximization formulation, Aloha persistence probabilities are optimized together with multicommodity end-to-end rates and per-link flow rates. Although the joint optimization of Aloha and flow control was previously tackled using a convex reformulation, adding the routing component renders the problem inherently nonconvex. To cope with this challenge, a successive convex approximation approach is taken to obtain a locally optimal solution efficiently. A parallelized distributed algorithm is developed, which scales well in the network size and exhibits low computational complexity. An online implementation is also proposed and tested. Numerical examples verify the novel design and highlight the performance advantage over state-of-the-art alternatives.
Developmental study of apparent movement in pre-school children.

The study attempted to delineate the temporal range within which pre-school children perceived apparent movement. The psychophysical thresholds and temporal range of apparent movement were specified by the use of a response-decrement model with length of first fixation as the dependent variable. The variation in temporal range of apparent movement with age was investigated and the underlying form of the relationship approached a fourth degree polynomial equation. Both the observed and best fit data indicated a decrease in the temporal range of apparent movement as age increased. Verbal reports which also served as a criterion failed to generate any statistically significant trends and showed a strong negative correlation with first fixation.
Impact of surgeon subspecialty training on surgical outcomes in open globe injuries.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether subspecialty training of the initial treating surgeon affects visual acuity and surgical outcomes in patients with open globe injuries.This study is a single-institution, retrospective case series.The charts of adult patients with open globe injuries requiring surgical repair at the Wilmer Eye Institute between July 1, 2007 and July 1, 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical findings at presentation were recorded, and details of initial repair and follow-up surgeries were analyzed. Differences in visual acuity and surgical outcomes were compared based on subspecialty training of the initial surgeon.The charts of 282 adult patients were analyzed, and 193 eyes had at least 6 months of follow-up for analysis. Eighty-six eyes (44.6%) required follow-up surgery within the first year, and 39 eyes (20.2%) were enucleated. Eyes initially treated by a vitreoretinal (VR) surgeon were 2.3 times (P=0.003) more likely to improve by one Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) visual acuity category and 1.9 times (P=0.027) more likely to have at least one more follow-up surgery at 6 months compared to eyes treated by non-VR surgeons. Patients with more anterior injuries treated by a VR surgeon were more likely to improve by one OTS visual acuity category compared to those treated by non-VR surgeons (P=0.004 and 0.016 for Zones I and II, respectively). There was no difference in visual acuity outcomes for eyes with posterior injuries (P=0.515 for Zone III).Eyes initially treated by a VR surgeon are more likely to improve by one OTS visual acuity category than those initially treated by a non-VR surgeon. However, patients initially treated by a VR surgeon also undergo more follow-up surgical rehabilitation, and improvement in visual acuity is more likely for anterior (Zone I and II injuries) than posterior (Zone III) injuries.
Salud Para Su Corazon (health for your heart) community health worker model: community and clinical approaches for addressing cardiovascular disease risk reduction in Hispanics/Latinos

This article describes 6 Salud Para Su Corazon (SPSC) family of programs that have addressed cardiovascular disease risk reduction in Hispanic communities facilitated by community health workers (CHWs) or Promotores de Salud (PS). A synopsis of the programs illustrates the designs and methodological approaches that combine community-based participatory research for 2 types of settings: community and clinical. Examples are provided as to how CHWs can serve as agents of change in these settings. A description is presented of a sustainability framework for the SPSC family of programs. Finally, implications are summarized for utilizing the SPSC CHW/PS model to inform ambulatory care management and policy.
ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma with marked leukemoid reaction and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

![Figure][1] A 2-year-old boy presented with persistent fever and massive hepatosplenomegaly. Complete blood count revealed marked leukocytosis (white blood cells, 102 000/μL), anemia (hemoglobin, 5.8 g/dL), and thrombocytopenia (platelets, 59 000/μL). Peripheral blood (PB) smear showed
Ensuring safety in clinical: Faculty role for managing students with unsafe behaviors

Abstract Nurse educators often struggle when managing students with unsatisfactory performance in the clinical setting. Although literature has addressed characteristics of unsafe practice, little has been published in the past decade on the faculty role when dealing with the student with unsafe behaviors. This article provides strategies for managing students with unsafe behaviors including initiation of early remediation, fostering a positive student relationship, addressing continued violations and failures, and the need for administrative support.
Refugee Acts: Articulating Silences Through Critical Remembering and Re-Membering

It is not my intention to have this writing stand as representative of all Cambodian refugee experiences. As mainstream portrayals tend to focus on the plight of the refugee and their subsequent success in the United States because of U.S.-style democracy, my project does not seek to contribute to the romanticization of the refugee experience nor does it seek to propogate stories of success and accomplishment. At the very least, this individual story comprises a larger collective story. My project seeks to remember my grandmother, my family, and our history—to know myself and to further understand the ways in which I can act in order to heal my community.
Analysis on Epidemic Situation of Hepatitis A in Xingguo County during 2005-2010

[Objective]To learn the epidemic situation of hepatitis A in Xingguo county of Jiangxi,provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of hepatitis A in Xingguo county. [Methods]Using the data reported by diseases reporting information system,epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Xingguo county were analyzed,and the effect of hepatitis A vaccination among kindergarten children and school students were estimated. [Results]During 2005-2010,394 cases of hepatitis A were reported,and the annual average incidence rate was 10.01/lakh.The peak seasons were spring and autumn.The highest incidence occurred in urban area,which accounted for 52.03% of total cases.The male-to-female ratio of incidence rate was 2.55 ∶ 1.The cases in 0~19 years old group accounted for 81.47% of total cases,and 69.04% of patients were students.After hepatitis A vaccination among kindergarten children and school students,the incidence rate of hepatitis A was significantly decreased in the past 20 months. [Conclusion]The epidemic situation of hepatitis A in Xingguo county is serious,and the prevention and control of hepatitis A should be strengthened.The large-scale popularization of hepatitis A vaccination can decrease the amount of susceptible population and enhance the immune level of the whole population.The epidemic of hepatitis A must be controlled by gradually constructing the immune barrier of population.
Esophageal motor activity and acid clearance.

SUMMARY Esophageal acid clearance normally occurs as a two-step process. The initial step of emptying most of the fluid volume contained within the esophagus occurs quickly by gravity or by one or two peristaltic sequences. However, volume clearance is distinct from acid clearance, and esophageal pH is restored to normal after volume clearance as the 1 mL or so of residual acid is neutralized by swallowed saliva in a stepwise fashion. A considerable body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that about half of patients with reflux disease have markedly prolonged acid clearance times. Within this group abnormalities or both volume clearance and salivation have been demonstrated. Volume clearance may be impaired as a result of a breakdown of the peristaltic mechanism commonly seen with severe esophagitis or by “re-reflux” of cleared fluid from within a hiatal hernia. Either way, the result is increased residual acidic fluid within the esophagus. The increased residual acid must be titrated with saliva that has so slight a neutralizing capacity that it takes about 7 minutes for the average person to secrete enough saliva to titrate 1 mL of 0.1 N HC1. Salivation itself is reduced in cigarette smokers and in patients using anticholinergic medications, thereby prolonging the process of mucosal neutralization in such persons. Whatever the mechanism of prolonged acid clearance for a particular individual, the overall result is of prolonged esophageal mucosal acid exposure, which makes the development of peptic esophagitis more likely.
Ideology, Agency, and the Federal Acknowledgement Process

In June of 2013, the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs, Kevin Washburn, began holding tribal consultations in an attempt to reform the Federal Acknowledgement Process (FAP) with the input of recognized and unrecognized indigenous peoples. Between June and September of 2013, unacknowledged Californian Indian groups, including the Amah Mustun Tribal Band of Ohlone/Costanoan Indians (Amah Mutsun), the Ohlone/Costanoan Esselen Nation (Esselen), and the Muwekma Ohlone Indian Tribe (Muwekma), submitted separate letters in an attempt to voice their concerns and recommendations. This situation offers a useful case study for anthropologists attempting to study the role of ideology within the context of federal recognition. Using Phil Abrams theorization of the state as a historically determined and processual formation in conjunction with Louis Althusser’s discussion of ideology and Sherry Ortner’s conceptualization of agency, I discursively analyze each comment letter with special attention paid to discourses of history. With this approach, I make three interrelated arguments. First, the FAP is an inherently contradictory ideological project of the state that produces a paradoxical narrative of indigenous history. Second, the historical narratives within these letters reflect an incomplete and contested process of interpellation that seeks to reify state power through the reproduction of hegemonic ideas. Third, these historical discourses reflect the different political strategies of representation that unacknowledged peoples formulate to contest the process of interpellation as they navigate a paradoxical state ideology. Ultimately, these conclusions point towards the incomplete, dialectical, and contested nature of state ideology within the system of federal recognition.
Cell-Based Assay for Identifying the Modulators of Antioxidant Response Element Signaling Pathway

The antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway plays an important role in the amelioration of cellular oxidative stress. Thus, assays that detect this pathway can be useful for identifying chemicals that induce or inhibit oxidative stress signaling. The focus of this chapter is to describe a cell-based ARE assay in a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) format to test a large collection of compounds that induce nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)/ARE signaling. The assay is described through cell handling, assay preparation, and instrument usage.
All multiscale problems are hard, some are harder: A nomenclature for classifying multiscale electromagnetic problems

Different types of multiscale problems encountered in classical electromagnetics are discussed. A nomenclature is proposed that is useful for identifying the difficulty of a problem and the suitability of a computational method for solving it.
Real-time placement of a wheelchair-mounted robotic arm

Picking up an object with a wheelchair mounted robotic arm can be decomposed into a wheelchair navigation task designed to position the robotic arm such that the object is “easy to reach”, and the actual grasp performed by the robotic arm. A convenient definition of the notion of ease of reach can be given by creating a score (ERS) that relies on the number of distinct ways the object can be picked up from a given location. Unfortunately, the accurate calculation of ERS must rely on repeating the path planning process for every candidate position and grasp type, in the presence of obstacles. In this paper we use the bootstrap aggregation over hand-crafted, domain specific features to learn a model for the estimation of ERS. In a simulation study, we show that the estimated ERS closely matches the actual value and the speed of estimation is fast enough for real-time operation, even in the presence of a large number of obstacles in the scene.
Dual mobility acetabular cup for total hip arthroplasty: use with caution

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dual-mobility cups were introduced to reduce the incidence of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The biomechanics of dual-mobility cups allow for greater range of motion, jump distance and better stability when compared to conventional cups in THA. These cups can be very beneficial in THA particularly when the hip instability is a concern such as elderly patients, obese, hip fracture patients, those with neuromuscular diseases, or patients undergoing revision THA for instability.Areas covered: An extensive search is conducted in PubMed and Google scholar to find past five years publications relevant to dual-mobility cups in THA. 225 articles were found which many of those were excluded because of: written in other languages, nearly same cohort in different journals, unavailable full text, and were not covering main fields of this article. We categorized the articles to four different aspects of the biomechanics, outcomes in primary, revision, and after hip fracture THA.E...
Valproic Acid for a Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa: Reasons for Optimism and Caution.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a family of heritable retinopathies characterized by a progressive loss of rod photoreceptors that eventually leads to blindness. Hundreds of individual mutations found in >60 genes are known to result in RP, with varying severity and modes of inheritance ([Manes et al
Anaplastic Pancreatic Carcinoma Arising Within a Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature.

Abstract Background: Anaplastic pancreatic carcinomas (APCs) are among the least frequently encountered pancreatic malignancies, ranging from 0.5% to 7% of all nonendocrine pancreatic malignancies. Furthermore, few cases of APCs have been described arising within a pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN). Case Presentation: A 36-year-old female presented with left upper quadrant pain and a 10 × 8 cm complex cystic mass in the pancreatic tail. Fine needle aspiration of the cyst showed papillary clusters of cells with mild cytological atypia, cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen >4000 ng/mL, and amylase of 25 U/L. After an open distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, the specimen revealed an MCN with multifocal microscopic foci of invasive well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. After additional sampling, foci of undifferentiated malignancy—morphologically resembling sarcomas but with immunohistochemical staining consistent with anaplastic carcinoma—were identified. The patient had an uneventful recovery and is...
Reduction of Carbohydrates With NaBH4

Reduction of aldehyde groups in oligosaccharides by NaBH4 has been used successfully in different studies investigating the degree of polymerization of oligosaccharides up to a molecular weight of 1200–1400. It was also applied to the measurement of the number of reducing aldehyde groups in higher oligosaccharides by the gasometric determination of the liberated hydrogen after sodium borohydride treatment. One of the most popular applications of the sodium borohydride reduction is the identification of reducing terminal carbohydrates in oligosaccharides.
Testosterone Attenuates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammation.

Sex hormones regulate many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma. As adults, asthma prevalence is 2-fold greater in women compared to men. The number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) is increased in patients with asthma, and we investigate how testosterone attenuates ILC2 function. In patients with moderate to severe asthma, we determine that women have an increased number of circulating ILC2 compared to men. ILC2 from adult female mice have increased IL-2-mediated ILC2 proliferation versus ILC2 from adult male mice, as well as pre-pubescent females and males. Further, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, a hormone downstream of testosterone, decreases lung ILC2 numbers and IL-5 and IL-13 expression from ILC2. In vivo, testosterone attenuated Alternaria-extract-induced IL-5+ and IL-13+ ILC2 numbers and lung eosinophils by intrinsically decreasing lung ILC2 numbers, as well as by decreasing expression of IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), ILC2-stimulating cytokines. Collectively, these findings provide a foundational understanding of sexual dimorphism in ILC2 function.
Careless responding in internet-based quality of life assessments

Quality of life (QoL) measurement relies upon participants providing meaningful responses, but not all respondents may pay sufficient attention when completing self-reported QoL measures. This study examined the impact of careless responding on the reliability and validity of Internet-based QoL assessments. Internet panelists (n = 2000) completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) short-forms (depression, fatigue, pain impact, applied cognitive abilities) and single-item QoL measures (global health, pain intensity) as part of a larger survey that included multiple checks of whether participants paid attention to the items. Latent class analysis was used to identify groups of non-careless and careless responders from the attentiveness checks. Analyses compared psychometric properties of the QoL measures (reliability of PROMIS short-forms, correlations among QoL scores, “known-groups” validity) between non-careless and careless responder groups. Whether person-fit statistics derived from PROMIS measures accurately discriminated careless and non-careless responders was also examined. About 7.4% of participants were classified as careless responders. No substantial differences in the reliability of PROMIS measures between non-careless and careless responder groups were observed. However, careless responding meaningfully and significantly affected the correlations among QoL domains, as well as the magnitude of differences in QoL between medical and disability groups (presence or absence of disability, depression diagnosis, chronic pain diagnosis). Person-fit statistics significantly and moderately distinguished between non-careless and careless responders. The results support the importance of identifying and screening out careless responders to ensure high-quality self-report data in Internet-based QoL research.
Doctoral students’ agency as second language writing teachers: The quest for expertise

Abstract Since the 1980s, when the field of second language writing (SLW) began to establish itself as a discipline in its own right, much has been learned about SL writers and their writing. However, there has been relatively little focus on teachers of SLW, including their experiences with teacher agency. In the study reported here, we focus on a group that is even less examined: graduate teaching assistants assigned to teach writing courses in English as a Second Language (ESL) programs. More specifically, we look at three international graduate teaching assistants and their teacher agency, which we explored through their participation in a small professional learning community and in relationship to their quest to develop expertise as SLW teachers. Our findings illustrate how understanding of teacher agency can be enhanced by making connections between expertise and agency, particularly adaptive expertise.
Bilateral Cooperation Related to the Decommissioning of Nuclear Vessels Between the USA and the Russian Federation — Status and Issues

This paper provides a summary discussion of the efforts undertaken by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency through the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program with the Russian Federation to eliminate Submarine Ballistic Missile Launchers and the dismantling of the associated Strategic Ballistic Missile Submarines (SSBNs).
Steroid/Thyroid Hormone Receptors

Steroid and thyroid hormones are important in regulating a wide variety of normal physiological processes, including development, metabolism, and reproduction. The receptors for these hormones are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. For the most part, each hormone interacts with a unique receptor, although the receptor may have multiple forms derived from the same gene by various mechanisms. Exceptions include estradiol, which activates two receptors derived from independent genes, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ, thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ), and retinoic acids, which activate the retinoic acid receptors (α, β, and γ). In response to their cognate hormones, nuclear receptors bind to specific DNA sequences altering transcription. In addition to their best-characterized actions as DNA-binding transcription factors, the receptors also influence transcription and resulting cell function through direct interactions with other transcription factors, as well as through alterations in cell signaling. These functions and the structures of the receptors are described in this article.
Comments on “Adaptations to Information Impactedness: A Survey”

I shall focus on the information postulates underlying recent developments in macro–theory. In the course of this brief review I will take issue with a body of theory concerning the causes of unemployment exemplified by the quotation from Alchian that Professor Silver appears to cite uncritically.
Counterproposition: Psychology as Discourse

The brief outline of the accepted canon of psychology betrays the overriding weaknesses found in many modern histories of the discipline. Their continuities are provisory, and the assessments of influence incomplete or topical (as “x continued y’s experiments”). These histories, in general, do not address the conceptual underpinnings of psychologists’ works, but rather tend to trace back twentieth-century terminology and experiments to their roots. Even when they turn to intellectual history, they often overlook that terminology favored by the twentieth century was often peripheral to the core thought patterns of the nineteenth century in which it originated.1
DNA Microarray in Nutrigenomics and Cancer Prevention Research: Elucidating Molecular Signatures of Cancer Preventive Phytochemicals

Population studies support an important role for diet in prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer. Several questions remain to be elucidated including the identity of active components in the diet, their molecular targets, and the mechanisms of action. Global gene expression microarray technology was used in a cell culture model to address these questions and understand the potential interaction of diet-derived compounds with cellular targets and their pathways. Our studies on the cancer protective phytochemical resveratrol will be described as an example of this approach. Resveratrol is a phytochemical studied as a prostate cancer chemopreventive agent; however, its efficacy and mechanism of action remain largely unknown. We found that resveratrol inhibited cell growth in cultured LNCaP cells, and that the growth inhibitory effects appeared through modulation of both androgen- and estrogen-mediated events. Microarray analysis identified a group of androgen-responsive genes in LNCaP cells that were broadly affected by resveratrol in vitro. The effect of resveratrol on expression of these genes appeared to be through inhibition of both androgen- and estrogen-mediated transcription. In an in vivo xenograft model, resveratrol delayed LNCaP tumor growth and inhibited expression of a marker for steroid hormone responses; however, it also led to increased angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis in the xenograft.
Contract Research Organizations and Monitors

Contract research organizations, or CROs, are an integral part of clinical research. Today, there are over 1100 CROs, which are for-profit companies that serve the various research needs of pharmaceutical sponsors. The pharmaceutical industry invests as much as five times as much as the average manufacturing company does in research and development. CROs allow the industry to outsource many of the steps of the clinical research process. The CRO is responsible for the budget, the contract, and the monitoring of the study data. As such, the site needs to have a plan to optimally handle study monitors and minimize their interruption of ongoing study activities, which may include feeding back to study managers when necessary.
Caregiver Burden for Patients With Severe Osteoarthritis Significantly Decreases by One Year After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The impact of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on patients’ informal caregivers (eg, family members, friends) has gone largely ignored. The goals of this study are to measure the impact of TKA on the caregiver and identify factors contributing to higher burden. Methods One hundred fifty primary TKA patients and their designated caregivers were prospectively enrolled. The Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) was completed by caregivers preoperatively, at 4 weeks, and at 1 year after surgery. Additional outcomes included the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for patients only and the Veterans Rand 12 Item Health Survey for both patients and caregivers. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression modeling were performed. Results Mean CSI scores at 1 year were significantly lower than preoperative values (P Conclusion Caregiver burden nearly doubled in the early postoperative period, which was related to several caregiver and patient factors. However, the burden was close to zero by 1 year postoperatively. Thus, TKA is a beneficial intervention for both patient and caregiver.
Receptor- and store-operated mechanisms of calcium entry during the nanosecond electric pulse-induced cellular response.

Abstract Nanosecond electric pulses have been shown to open nanopores in the cell plasma membrane by fluorescent imaging of calcium uptake and fluorescent dyes, including propidium (Pr) iodide and YO-PRO-1 (YP1). Recently, we demonstrated that nsEPs also induce the phosphoinositide intracellular signaling cascade by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion resulting in physiological responses similar to those observed following stimulation of Gq11-coupled receptors. In this paper, we explore the role of receptor- and store-operated calcium entry (ROCE/SOCE) mechanisms in the observed response of cells to nsEP. We show that addition of the ROCE/SOCE and transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) blocker gadolinium (Gd3+, 300 μM) slows PIP2 depletion following 1 and 20 nsEP exposures. Lipid rafts, regions of the plasma membrane rich in PIP2 and TRPC, are also disrupted by nsEP exposure suggesting that ROCE/SOCE mechanisms are likely impacted. Reducing the expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) protein, a key protein in ROCE and SOCE, in cells exposure to nsEP resulted in a reduction in induced intracellular calcium rise. Additionally, after exposure to 1 and 20 nsEPs (16.2 kV/cm, 5 Hz), intracellular calcium rises were significantly reduced by the addition of GD3+ and SKF-96365 (1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propoxy] ethyl-1H-imidazole hydrochloride, 100 μM), a blocker of STIM1 interaction. However, using similar nsEP exposure parameters, SKF-96365 was less effective at reducing YP1 uptake compared to Gd3+. Thus, it is possible that SKF-96365 could block STIM1 interactions within the cell, while Gd3+ could acts on TRPC/nanopores from outside of the cell. Our results present evidence of nsEP induces ROCE and SOCE mechanisms and demonstrate that YP1 and Ca2+ cannot be used solely as markers of nsEP-induced nanoporation.
Black Market Capital

Hedge funds and private equity offer unique investing opportunities, including the possibility for diversified and excess returns. Yet, current federal securities regulation effectively prohibits the public offer and purchase in the United States of these hedge fund and private equity investments. Public investors, foreclosed from purchasing hedge funds and private equity, instead seek to replicate their benefits. This demand drives public investors to substitute less-suitable, publicly available investments which attempt to mimic the characteristics of hedge funds or private equity. This effect, which this Article terms black market capital, is an economic spur for a number of recent capital markets phenomena, including fund adviser IPOs, special purpose acquisition companies, business development companies and specialized exchange traded funds all of which largely attempt to replicate private equity or hedge fund returns and have been marketed to public investors on this basis. Black market capital has not only altered the structure of the U.S. capital market but has shifted capital flows to foreign markets and engendered the creation of U.S. private markets. This Article identifies and examines the ramifications of black market capital. It finds this effect to be an irrational by-product of current hedge fund and private equity regulation, one likely harmful to U.S. capital markets. These are external costs inherent in the current regulatory scheme which the SEC has not recognized. The SEC should consequently undertake a thorough cost-benefit analysis of its hedge fund and private equity regulation. Based on the available evidence, such an analysis is likely to conclude that the benefits of a regulatory scheme permitting the public offer of hedge funds and private equity funds not only exceed its costs but is superior to current regulation. Black market capital is also an example of the unintended effects of regulating under the precautionary principle and difficulty of regulating in an era of market proliferation.
Cognitive resilience among APOE ε4 carriers in the oldest old

Objectives Relatively few APOE e4+ carriers survive to old age (age 80+) without cognitive impairment (CI); thus, little is known about distinguishing characteristics of resilient APOE e4+ carriers. Herein, we describe the sociodemographic characteristics of a large sample of resilient APOE e4+ women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and compare them to noncarriers and APOE e4+ women who developed CI before age 80. Methods Women were recruited for clinical trials evaluating postmenopausal hormone therapy and incidence of dementia. During posttrial follow-up, cognitive status was adjudicated annually. Among 5716 women, we compared groups by APOE e4 status using logistic regression, covarying for treatment, demographics, lifestyle, cardiovascular and physical function, well-being, and self-rated general health. Results Among 557 APOE e4+ women, those who survived to age 80+ without CI had higher baseline self-rated general health (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.04) and cognitive scores (OR: 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12-1.25) than those who did not reach age 80 without CI. Baseline high total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were similar across APOE e4+ groups but were higher compared with APOE e4- women. Among women who survived to 80+ without CI, more APOE e4+ women had a history of high total cholesterol (P = .003) and LDL cholesterol (OR: 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.01). There were no differences in hypertension, diabetes, or other vascular risk factors in APOE e4+ women compared with noncarriers. Conclusions Results highlight the importance of baseline cognitive function and general health for late-life cognition among e4+ women.
Searching for industry information

Que recouvre le mot industrie? quelques definitions sont proposees pour en preciser le sens. Le code d'indexation le plus utilise est le SIC: Standard Industrial Classification: une description en est donnee. D'autres systemes sont decrits: ABI/Inform, INVESTEXT, VIEWPT. Les descripteurs peuvent egalement etre utilises. La nature des questions posees sur l'industrie est examinee. (INTD)
Heartbeat: Early cardiomyopathy or physiological left ventricular dilation in athletes?

Athletic physical conditioning results in changes in cardiac anatomy and function that make it challenging to distinguish normal physiological changes from a pathological process in athletes with left ventricular (LV) dilation or a reduced ejection fraction. Millar and colleagues1 propose an approach for identifying athletes with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) based on sequential evaluation using N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement, resting ECG, ambulatory ECG monitoring, exercise echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. In 25 male athletes with LV dilation and an ejection fraction 11% compared with baseline on exercise echocardiography had the highest sensitivity, with a high specificity, for prediction of DCM. (figure 1) Figure 1 The figure demonstrates the utility of the stepwise clinical algorithm for differentiating between physiological adaptation and morphologically mild DCM in apparently healthy individuals with LV dilatation and LVEF <55%. The number and percentages of both cohorts with abnormal investigations is shown with the cumulative TN and TP results on the extreme right and left, respectively. The overall sensitivity of the algorithm is 94.1% with a specificity of 83.3%. The PPV is 90.3% with an NPV of …
An Educational Game Bringing Awareness to Declining Insect Populations

Facilitating discussions with children and young adults on problems associated with climate change can be difficult. Fostering actionable approaches to these problems comes with even more challenges. One such avenue of exposure to sustainable messages is through the use of serious games. In recent years, serious games have become a popular medium for developing behavior change. Planet Bug is an educational game that utilizes tactics of serious gameplay to teach players about insects and their declining populations. The issue of declining insect populations in particular has received little media coverage or publicity. Planet Bug immerses players in a narrative story that provokes thoughts on conservation and awareness of insects, while providing a unique and interactive gaming experience. To further develop the impact of Planet Bug on the greater scientific community, future developments of the game could focus on creating actionable items outside of gameplay, such as collecting insects in one's real-life environment. Current initiatives from entomologists involving the public could both inspire and guide the future direction of gameplay for Planet Bug.
The Value of a Patient Global Assessment in Management of Sarcoidosis.

The patient global assessment (PGA) is a reported outcome instrument used to gauge the patient’s well-being. We performed a prospective study of patients seen at the University of Cincinnati Sarcoidosis Clinic. Two groups were studied: those at first visit during the time period (initial) and those seen at least one more time by the same physician (follow-up). A total of 1006, including 677 initial, visits occurred during the six-month period. Patients in whom anti-inflammatory treatment was initiated or increased had a significantly lower PGA score (ANOVA p < 0.001, p < 0.05 for increased versus all others). There was no significant difference in initial PGA score based on race, sex, or age. The change in PGA was significantly lower for patients in whom treatment was increased (ANOVA p < 0.001, increased different from all others, p < 0.05). The PGA was significantly lower for patients in whom anti-inflammatory therapy was increased; however, there was overlap between groups.
Aftermarket Performance of Emerging Growth Companies and Role of Institutional Investors

We study the long-run aftermarket performance of the Emerging Growth Companies (EGCs), a new category of IPO issuers created by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act). We document that, in the long run, EGCs outperform by about 25 percentage points, compared to those firms that would have qualified as EGCs had they gone public after the enactment of the JOBS Act. We further find that institutional investors play an important role in supporting the long-run performance of EGCs—not only do EGCs have greater institutional ownership, but the positive effect of institutional ownership on IPO firms’ long-run performance is also more pronounced. The paper represents a first attempt to study the long-run aftermarket performance of EGCs and its determinants. Our findings contribute to the burgeoning literature on the effectiveness of the JOBS Act and evidence of the supporting role of institutional investors on IPO aftermarket performance.
The protein disorder cycle

This mini-review represents a brief, disorder-centric consideration of the interplay between order and disorder in proteins. The goal here is to show that inside the cell, folding, non-folding, and misfolding of proteins are interlinked on multiple levels. This is evidenced by the highly heterogeneous spatio-temporal structural organization of a protein molecule, where one can find differently (dis)ordered components that can undergo local or global order-to-disorder and disorder-to-order transitions needed for functionality. This is further illustrated by the fact that at particular moments of their life, most notably during their synthesis and degradation, all proteins are at least partially disordered. In addition to these intrinsic forms of disorder, proteins are constantly facing extrinsic disorder, which is intrinsic disorder in their functional partners. All this comprises the multileveled protein disorder cycle.
Tharawat: A Vision for a Comprehensive Resource for Arabic Computational Processing

In this paper, we present a vision for a comprehensive unified lexical resource for computational processing of Arabic with as many of its variants as possible. We will review the current state of the art for three existing resources and then propose a method to link them in addition to augment them in a manner that would render them even more useful for natural language processing whether targeting enabling technologies such as part of speech tagging or parsing, or applications such as Machine Translation, or Information Extraction. The unified lexical resource, Tharawat, meaning treasures, is an extension of our core unique resource Tharwa, which is a three way computational lexicon for Dialectal Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and English lemma correspondents. Tharawat will incorporate two other current resources namely SANA, our Arabic Sentiment Lexicon, and MuSTalAHAt, our Multiword Expression (MWE) version of Tharwa but instead of listing lemmas and their correspondents, it lists MWE and their correspondents. Moreover, we present a roadmap for incorporating links for Tharawat to existing English resources and corpora leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and crowd sourcing methods. Such resources are at the core of NLP technologies. Specifically, we believe that such a resource could lead to significant leaps and strides for Arabic NLP. Possessing them for a language such as Arabic could be quite impactful for the development of advanced scientific material and hence lead to an Arabic scientific and economic revolution.