cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cephenniini of China. VIII. New species and new records of Cephennodes Reitter of Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejian and Fujian (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae).

Seven new species of Cephennodes Reitter of mainland China are described, all in the nominotypical subgenus: C. brachyspinosus sp. n. (Hunan), C. impressibos sp. n. (Jiangxi), C. hystrix sp. n. (Zhejiang), C. setifer sp. n. (Zhejiang), C. yinziweii sp. n. (Zhejiang), C. datianpingensis sp. n. (Zhejiang), and C. bicribratus sp. n. (Zhejiang). Two species are placed in the Cephennodes bos species group (C. brachyspinosus and C. impressibos), three in the Cephennodes longipes group (C. hystrix, C. setifer and C. yinziweii), and two in a newly established Cephennodes elytratus group (C. datianpingensis and C. bicribratus). Additionally, three previously described species are recorded from new localities: C. capricornis Jaloszynski from Hunan and Zhejiang, C. clypeicornis Jaloszynski from Zhejiang and C. paramerus Jaloszynski from Fujian and Zhejiang. Cephennodes is for the first time reported to occur in Hunan Province.
US vehicle fuel-efficiency choices: demographic, behavioral, and cultural factors

In the United States, a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions are from personal vehicle use, and there are large differences in emissions between the most and least efficient vehicles. We use data from 2009 US National Household Travel Survey to characterize consumers who drive the most and least efficient vehicles. We calculate personal fleet efficiency based on all vehicles owned, reflecting the behavioral aspect of vehicle-use choices by owners. Though higher incomes provide the means to purchase more efficient vehicles, we find those with higher incomes more likely to drive low-efficiency vehicles. Higher education levels correlate with greater vehicle efficiency. While some efficiency differences are based on consumer characteristics such as family size, we find large differences that we attribute mostly to cultural preferences as observed by race, region, etc. From a policy perspective, these differences are of particular interest since they may be amenable to change.
Sleep and breathing in neuromuscular disorders.

Publisher Summary This chapter gives an overview of the control of breathing during sleep and wakefulness in normal individuals, its alteration in various neuromuscular disorders, types of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), mechanism and pathogenesis of respiratory failure in neuromuscular diseases, clinical features including impact on breathing during sleep causing SDB and sleep dysfunction, and an approach to patients with suspicion of SDB, laboratory techniques and principles of treatment. Neuromuscular disorders traditionally include all diseases caused by dysfunction of the motor units. Sleep dysfunction related mostly to SDB is very common in neuromuscular diseases, particularly in the advanced stage, but occasionally occurs as a presenting symptom. The most common neuromuscular disorders causing SDB and sleep dysfunction consist of: motor neuron disease, poliomyelitis and postpolio syndrome, myasthenia gravis including myasthenic syndrome, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, phrenic neuropathy, muscular dystrophies including myotonic dystrophies, and congenital myopathies. Many of these conditions are treatable whereas others show relentless progression of the disease, but even in those conditions quality of life may be improved with prolongation of the natural course of the illness by timely and adequate treatment of SDB.
Interpretive Issues in Seminole and Alden

For students of constitutional interpretation, Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida and Alden v. Maine, two of the Court's most important recent Eleventh Amendment opinions, are gold mines. Each is a monumental opinion with lengthy and spirited debate between the majority and the dissents. Every significant method of constitutional interpretation (including textualism, original understanding, structure, precedent, doctrine, practice, and rhetoric) is employed by both the majorities and the dissents. Both the majorities and the dissents are able to advance solid and respectable arguments in favor of their positions. Arguably, these two cases could be used as texts for the study of virtually all of constitutional interpretation. Rather than attempting that however, I would like to focus on and analyze several discrete interpretive issues presented in these cases. I will concentrate primarily on Seminole, but I will also discuss Alden, especially where similar interpretive issues or arguments are raised.
When Care is a "Systematic Route of Torture": Conceptualizing the Violence of Medical Negligence in Resource-Poor Settings.

Descriptions of patient mistreatment fill ethnographic accounts of healthcare in resource-poor settings. Often, anthropologists point to structural factors and the ways that the global political economy produces substandard care. This approach makes it difficult to hold parties accountable when there is blatant disregard for human life on the part of individuals providing care. In this article, I draw on the illness narrative of Magaly Chacon, the first HIV positive individual in Bolivia to file charges of medical negligence after failing to receive care to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Magaly's narrative demonstrates how structural conditions are often used to explain away poor patient outcomes, shifting attention away from and normalizing the symbolic violence that also perpetuates substandard care of marginalized patients. I use Magaly's accusations to interrogate how defining acts of mistreatment as medical negligence can be a productive exercise, even when it is difficult to disentangle structural constraints from blatant acts of negligence. Defining who is negligent in resource-poor settings is not easy, as Magaly's case demonstrates. However, Magaly's case also demonstrates that accusations of negligence themselves can demand accountability and force changes within the local structures that contribute to the systematic mistreatment of marginalized patients.
Sodalite as a vehicle to increase Re retention in waste glass simulant during vitrification

Abstract Technetium (Tc) retention during Hanford waste vitrification can be increased if the volatility can be controlled. Incorporating Tc into a thermally stable mineral phase, such as sodalite, is one way to achieve increased retention. Here, rhenium (Re)-bearing sodalite was tested as a vehicle to transport perrhenate (ReO4−), a nonradioactive surrogate for pertechnetate (TcO4−), into high-level (HLW) and low-activity waste (LAW) glass simulants. After melting HLW and LAW simulant feeds, the retention of Re in the glass was measured and compared with the Re retention in glass prepared from a feed containing Re2O7. Phase analysis of sodalite in both these glasses across a profile of temperatures describes the durability of Re-sodalite during the feed-to-glass transition. The use of Re sodalite improved the Re retention by 21% for HLW glass and 85% for LAW glass, demonstrating the potential improvement in Tc-retention if TcO4− were to be encapsulated in a Tc-sodalite prior to vitrification.
Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics: Fundamentals and Large-Scale Circulation

Fluid dynamics is fundamental to our understanding of the atmosphere and oceans. Although many of the same principles of fluid dynamics apply to both the atmosphere and oceans, textbooks tend to concentrate on the atmosphere, the ocean, or the theory of geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD). This textbook provides a comprehensive unified treatment of atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics. The book introduces the fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics, including rotation and stratification, vorticity and potential vorticity, and scaling and approximations. It discusses baroclinic and barotropic instabilities, wave-mean flow interactions and turbulence, and the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. Student problems and exercises are included at the end of each chapter. Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics: Fundamentals and Large-Scale Circulation will be an invaluable graduate textbook on advanced courses in GFD, meteorology, atmospheric science and oceanography, and an excellent review volume for researchers. Additional resources are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521849692.
Pareto optimization of circular power pads for contactless electric vehicle battery charger

Design optimization of circular power pads for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems with applications in electric vehicle battery charger is proposed. A multi-objective optimization coupled with 2D finite element analysis (FEA) is used to find the Pareto-optimal solutions for circular magnetic structures considering different objective functions, such as power transfer efficiency, material cost, and horizontal misalignment tolerance of the IPT system. 2D FEA is used to calculate self and mutual inductances between primary and secondary pads, ohmic loss in coils, core loss in ferrites, stray loss in aluminum shields and electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions of the system. Practical limitations of the power electronic converters such as frequency, VA rating, operating quality factor, and EMF emissions are all considered in the proposed optimization. A 10 kW electric vehicle battery charger IPT system with circular power pads is investigated as the case study and Pareto-optimal solutions for this system are presented. Experimental test results on one of the Pareto-optimal solutions are in good agreement with the calculations using the proposed method. The proposed design optimization method provides a tool for finding highly efficient, flexible and cost-effective solutions for contactless electric vehicle battery charger.
Veteran developers' contributions and motivations: An open source perspective

Decades of psychology and sociology research demonstrate that humans change cognitively and socially as they age, so it stands to reason that software developers likewise undergo changes that may affect their work. In this paper, we investigate age-related differences in software developers through the lens of open source software, which is built in communities that tend not to include older software developers. We report on the results of a qualitative panel discussion, then quantitatively analyze such veteran developers' activities on StackOverflow, to understand why few veteran software developers' participate in open source, and how their contributions to software development differ from their younger peers. Our results suggest that veterans' are less motivated by social interactions than their younger peers. Our results also suggest that veterans could contribute a broader knowledge of software development than their younger peers, as well as knowledge of old technologies that can be applied to newer technologies.
An eHealth Intervention to Increase Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in Older Adult Cancer Survivors: Summative Evaluation Results.

Background: A healthy lifestyle is associated with improved quality of life among cancer survivors, yet adherence to health behavior recommendations is low. Objective: This pilot trial developed and tested the feasibility of a tailored eHealth program to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity among older, long-term cancer survivors. Methods: American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines for cancer survivors were translated into an interactive, tailored health behavior program on the basis of Social Cognitive Theory. Patients (N=86) with a history of breast (n=83) or prostate cancer (n=3) and less than 5 years from active treatment were randomized 1:1 to receive either provider advice, brief counseling, and the eHealth program (intervention) or advice and counseling alone (control). Primary outcomes were self-reported fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity. Results: About half (52.7%, 86/163) of the eligible patients consented to participate. The most common refusal reasons were lack of perceived time for the study (32/163) and lack of interest in changing health behaviors (29/163). Furthermore, 72% (23/32) of the intervention group reported using the program and most would recommend it to others (56%, 14/25). Qualitative results indicated that the intervention was highly acceptable for survivors. For behavioral outcomes, the intervention group reported increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Self-reported physical activity declined in both groups. Conclusions: The brief intervention showed promising results for increasing fruit and vegetable intake. Results and participant feedback suggest that providing the intervention in a mobile format with greater frequency of contact and more indepth information would strengthen treatment effects. [JMIR Cancer 2017;3(1):e4]
First Metatarsal-Phalangeal Joint Arthrodesis: Primary, Revision, and Salvage of Complications

Arthrodesis of the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint has been proposed for treatment of severe hallux valgus, end-stage hallux rigidus, rheumatoid arthritis, and revision of failed surgery due to the perceived safety and efficacy. This article discusses the principles of first metatarsal-phalangeal joint arthrodesis in primary and revision situations, joint preparation, configurations of osteosynthesis, and common complications, including salvage of nonunion and revision of malunion with realignment osteotomy.
Evaluating Metagenome Assembly on a Simple Defined Community with Many Strain Variants

We evaluate the performance of three metagenome assemblers, IDBA, MetaSPAdes, and MEGAHIT, on short-read sequencing of a defined “mock” community containing 64 genomes (Shakya et al. (2013)). We update the reference metagenome for this mock community and detect several additional genomes in the read data set. We show that strain confusion results in significant loss in assembly of reference genomes that are otherwise completely present in the read data set. In agreement with previous studies, we find that MEGAHIT performs best computationally; we also show that MEGAHIT tends to recover larger portions of the strain variants than the other assemblers.
Iliopsoas Impingement After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Iliopsoas impingement is a potential cause for persistent groin pain after total hip arthroplasty. Patients describe pain when climbing stairs or while driving and on physical exam have groin pain with resisted hip flexion. Other causes of persistent groin pain such as aseptic loosening, fracture, and infection must be systematically ruled out. The diagnosis of iliopsoas impingement should always be confirmed with an ultrasound-guided diagnostic and possibly therapeutic injection of lidocaine into the iliopsoas sheath. Iliopsoas impingement may occur anywhere along the course of the tendon but occurs most commonly at the psoas recess where the tendon runs adjacent to the anterior rim of the acetabulum. Anterior acetabular component overhang increases the risk of mechanical irritation of the iliopsoas tendon. Patients who report pain relief with the diagnostic injection are candidates for surgical intervention if the therapeutic effect is transient. An arthroscopic or open iliopsoas tendon release at the level of the lesser trochanter should be considered in patients with persistent symptoms and mild anterior component overhang. Acetabular component revision should be considered in patient with severe (>8 mm) acetabular component overhang. Favorable clinical outcomes and a low rate of complications can be expected when following this treatment algorithm.
Arrests among youth after out-of-home mental health treatment: comparisons across community and residential treatment settings.

Background There are three options in Florida for young people with mental health needs who require out-of-home treatment: community-based group homes, foster families and inpatient group facilities. Prior research has suggested that young people in group settings have poorer criminal justice outcomes, perhaps attributable to negative peer effects in group environments. Aims To compare arrest rates during and after out-of-home treatment for youth across the three settings. To test the hypothesis that arrest rates during treatment are independently related to arrest rates after treatment, after allowing for pre-treatment characteristics and placement type. Methods Florida Medicaid claims data were used to identify children and adolescents in out-of-home mental health care from 2003–2007. These were then matched with Florida Department of Juvenile Justice and Law Enforcement records. Propensity score matching was used to allow for observed differences between youth in different treatment settings. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test relationships between arrest rates. Results Unadjusted arrest rates for youth in therapeutic group home care were higher than in psychiatric inpatient units or foster care during and after treatment. Arrests during the treatment episode accounted for a substantial proportion of the difference in arrests after out-of-home treatment. After accounting for differences in arrest rates during treatment, the group versus non-group nature of the treatment setting per se was not a strong determinant of arrest after the treatment episode. Conclusions and implications for practise Attention to the causes of higher arrest rates in group homes, which may include peer contagion and staff policies, could improve outcomes. For youths without a major psychiatric disorder, therapeutic foster care may be better than community-based group care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value Differences and Conflict Resolution: Facilitation or Delinking?

Three conditions are compared for their effects on attempts to resolve differences on issues concerning both values and interests. Two of the conditions were designed to facilitate resolutions in different ways: One reflected the “values-first” approach while the other allowed the parties to concentrate on their interests apart from differences in values (“interests-first”). Both approaches produced more resolutions and more improved perceptions of the negotiating climate than a third condition in which interests derived directly from values that were not the focus of prenegotiation exercises designed to increase understanding. However, the processes by which dyads in the two conditions achieved resolutions differed. Dyads in the values-first condition were more cooperative in the discussions from their initial positions than were those in the interests-first condition. Implications of these results for models of negotiation and for long-term intergroup cooperation were discussed along with suggestions fo...
Disciples and dreamers: job readiness and the making of the US working class

Job readiness programs are a propitious site for investigating the literal making of the US working class. With the imposition of workfarist policies, these programs have become a mainstay of social service provision to, and paternalist management of, the poor. We draw upon ethnographic fieldwork carried out in two different job readiness programs to illustrate variations in the ideological frameworks for this project of working class formation. Our first case, a prominent faith-based program targeted to the homeless, draws upon scripture to produce what we call “disciples” who treat work as a biblical mandate and way of serving the Lord. Our second case, a local nonprofit program serving welfare recipients and other poor job seekers, draws upon motivational discourse and practices to produce “dreamers” who cling to the promise that work delivers both upward mobility and personal fulfillment. Despite their differing languages and logics, both programs aim to accommodate participants to the world of low-wage work, instill within them the moral value of labor, and develop worker subjectivities premised on the obfuscation of class and the optimization of employability.
FActCheck: Keeping Activation of Fake News at Check

The diffusion of fake news has become a crucial problem in recent years. One way to battle it is to propagate the corresponding real news. To achieve this goal, we find a set of individuals who are likely to receive the fake news so that they can test its credibility, and when they propagate the corresponding real news, it is likely to reach a large number of individuals. For this problem, we propose a polynomial time greedy algorithm (AFC) which provides (1-1/e-e)-approximation. We further optimize the runtime of AFC by developing a fast graph-pruning heuristic (RAFC) that performs as well as AFC in checking the spread of fake news. Our experiments on real-world networks demonstrate that our approach outperforms popular methods in social network analysis literature.
The Spinothalamic Tract and Other Ascending Nociceptive Pathways of the Spinal Cord

The sensation of pain can result from the activation of nociceptors (nociceptive pain) or it can be a consequence of damage to nervous tissue (neuropathic and central pain). Nociceptive pain in humans depends primarily upon pathways that ascend in the anterolateral quadrant of the spinal cord on the side of the body contralateral to that stimulated by a noxious stimulus. Evidence that one or more tracts in the anterolateral quadrant are necessary for pain sensation comes from the fact that an anterolateral cordotomy can relieve severe nociceptive pain in patients [7, 9]. A demonstration that the anterolateral quadrant is sufficient for pain was a human subject who had all of the spinal cord transected except for an anterolateral quadrant and who retained the ability to feel pain below the level of the lesion [8]. However, tracts ascending in other sectors of the human spinal cord have the potential to contribute to pain sensation, since pain recurs in about 50% of cases months to years after an initially successful cordotomy [9]. White and Sweet [9] argue that this recurrence of pain is not due to regeneration of fibers across the cordotomy. Instead, the pain may be conveyed by ipsilateral tracts in the anterolateral quadrant or by pathways ascending in the posterior part of the spinal cord. It is unclear if the tracts responsible for the return of pain after cordotomy normally contribute to pain sensation or if their capability for signalling pain after cordotomy results from some plastic change secondary to the surgical lesion. It should be noted that the anterolateral quadrant is also responsible for thermal sensation and participates in tactile sensation [7–9].
The impact of depression on smoking cessation in women

Introduction Cigarette smoking poses unique, but preventable health risks to women. Identification of barriers to womens’ quitting is essential to tailor interventions accordingly. Major depression, whether historical, current, or subsyndromal, may present unique challenges to women quitting smoking. Although several reviews discuss women and smoking in general, this review focuses exclusively on the role of depression in womens’ smoking. Objectives The goals of this review are to (1) discuss and synthesize the current findings on the association between smoking and depression in women in general, and in particular subgroups of women (underserved, premenstrual, postpartum, menopausal), (2) discuss physician-assisted, pharmacologic, behavioral interventions for mood management, and (3) propose future avenues for intervention, research, and policy. Impact of Depression Major depression may influence smoking cessation in women because (1) depression is twice as common among women as men, (2) history of depression and negative affect have been associated with smoking treatment failure, (3) quitting smoking is especially difficult during certain phases of the reproductive cycle, phases that have also been associated with greater levels of dysphoria, and (4) subgroups of women who have a high risk of continuing to smoke (underserved, less educated, low SES) also have a high risk of developing depression. Conclusions Since many women who are depressed (or who have developed depression during prior quit attempts) may be less likely to seek formal cessation treatment, practitioners have a unique opportunity to persuade their patients to quit. We discuss patient-treatment matching.
Models of Reading Disability and Their Implications

Although reading disability has been discussed for over a century (Berlin, 1887; Hinshelwood, 1896, 1917), the nature of the disorder is still controversial. Children identified as being reading disabled (RD)1 have average or better than average intelligence, abundant educational opportunities, normal sensory acuities (seeing and hearing), no frank brain damage (e.g., cerebral palsy), and no primary emotional disturbances. This exclusionary definition supports the impression that we are dealing with an unexpected inability to learn to read. There have been numerous and varied estimates of the incidence of specific reading disability, some as high as 15% to 25% (Badian, 1984; Johnson, 1988). Most primary grade teachers would agree that, in an average class of twenty-five, four or five children are
IVDST: A Fast Algorithm for Atomic Norm Minimization in Line Spectral Estimation

This letter presents a fast algorithm named iterative Vandermonde decomposition and shrinkage-thresholding (IVDST), which offers a low-complexity solution to atomic norm minimization (ANM) in off-grid compressed sensing for line spectral estimation from few measurements. It implements the ANM principle via the accelerated proximal gradient (APG) technique, without invoking computationally expensive semidefinite programming (SDP). To approximate the proximal operator in each APG iteration, Vandermonde decomposition is applied to utilize the Toeplitz structure inherent in the line spectral model, and the low-rank property of the Toeplitz-structured matrix is enforced via a simple shrinkage-thresholding operation. The IVDST algorithm effectively reduces the order of computational complexity compared to SDP-based solutions. It also offers an explicit way to bridge the ANM principle with classic super-resolution line spectral estimation algorithms, such as MUSIC.
The Effects of Intersecting Stigma: A Longitudinal Examination of Minority Stress, Mental Health, and Substance Use among Black, Latino, and Multiracial Gay and Bisexual Men.

Objective Although Black, Latino, and multiracial gay and bisexual men (GBM) are disproportionately affected by health inequities facing GBM more broadly in the United States (CDC, 2017), there is a dearth of research examining how intersectional stigma affects psychological and behavioral outcomes such as depressive and anxiety symptoms and substance use. Based in minority stress and intersectionality theories, this study examined the main and intersectional effects of racial discrimination and gay rejection sensitivity on emotion regulation difficulties, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and later drug use and heavy drinking. Method We collected longitudinal data from 170 GBM of Black, Latino, or multiracial descent. Measurements included baseline racial discrimination, gay rejection sensitivity, and emotion regulation difficulties, 6 month depressive and anxiety symptoms, and baseline to 12 month heavy drinking and drug use. We analyzed data using longitudinal structural equation models. Results Our results indicated that racial discrimination and its interaction with gay rejection sensitivity were significantly associated with higher levels of emotion regulation difficulties, which predicted higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms at 6 months, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of heavy drinking, but not drug use, at 12 months. Moreover, the total indirect effect from the stigma variables to heavy drinking was statistically significant. Conclusions These findings indicate that it is critical for researchers and clinicians to consider the effects of intersecting racial and sexual minority stress on emotion regulation in the persistence of psychological and behavioral health inequities facing Black, Latino, and multiracial GBM.
Public health and research perspectives on the microbial contamination of foods

Scientific advances in methodology and epidemiology have resulted in a renewed awareness of foodborne disease, and increased contact among nations of the world has stimulated rapid global distribution of foods as well as foodborne pathogens. New food vehicles are being identified for old, familiar pathogens, and new pathogens are being discovered. Current research in food microbiology has spurred development of rapid and specific methods to identify these pathogens and to assess their virulence. Organisms of recent interest, such as Bacillus, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Listeria, Sporothrix, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Anisakis, are the foci of new investigations, as are the more familiar foodborne pathogens, Salmonella, Shigella, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, Entamoeba and Ascaris. Some foodborne organisms, such as parasitic protozoa, serve as hosts for unique bacterial and viral symbionts but also might become infected with mammalian viruses. The remote possibility of the transmission of human immunodeficiency viruses in foodborne protozoa is discussed.
Immune response of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis post vaccination using DNA vaccines encoding immobilization antigens.

Abstract The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) immune response against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) after vaccination using plasmid DNA vaccines pcDNA3.1-IAg52a and pcDNA3.1-IAg52b, encoding Ich immobilization antigen genes was studied. Parasite infection level, serum anti-Ich antibodies level, fish mortality after theront challenge, and immune-related gene expression were measured. After in vitro transfection of walking catfish gill cells (G1b) with both pcDNA3.1-IAg52a and pcDNA3.1-IAg52b, antigens IAG52A and IAG52B were detected. During the vaccination trial, 76-fold increase in the Iag52b gene expression was observed in the vaccinated fish group h4 post vaccination. Administration of DNA vaccines by IM injection induced significant gene up-regulation in the head kidney, including immunoglobulin M (IgM), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), major histocompatibility I (MHC I), and T cell receptor α (TcR-α) from h4 to d5 post immunization. Fish vaccinated with DNA vaccines or theronts showed increased gene expression of the cytokine interferon (IFN-γ), complement component 3 (C3), and toll-like receptor-1 (TLR-1). Anti-Ich antibodies were detected in fish received pcDNA3.1-IAg52a, pcDNA3.1-IAg52b and the combination of both vaccines d10 post vaccination. Fish vaccinated with pcDNA3.1-IAg52b showed mild parasite infection level, partial survival (20%) and longer mean day to death (MDD) after theront challenge. By contrast, a heavy parasite load, 0% survival and short MDD were observed in the sham vaccinated control fish that received pcDNA3.1 (plasmid without genes encoding Ich immobilization antigen). Further research is needed to improve DNA vaccines for Ich that can induce strong protective immunity in fish. Suggested studies include improved transfection efficiency, use of appropriate adjuvants and including additional parasite antigen genes in the plasmid.
Social media photos of substance use and their relationship to attitudes and behaviors among ethnic and racial minority emerging adult men living in low-income areas.

Abstract Objectives Emerging adult minority males have inequitable negative consequences from substance abuse. They are also frequent users of social media, logging into popular sites up to 25 times per week on average, so there may be opportunities to use these technologies for better understanding and preventing substance use behaviors. Through mobile phone monitoring, this study examined how social media sites are used to post substance use-related images and how posting such images is related to behaviors and attitudes. It also explored how self-presentation of masculinity norms, such as coolness and toughness, was related to posting of substance use-related photos. Methods Instagram and/or Twitter posts of 65 minority males aged 18–25 living in low-income areas were monitored for three months using phone tracking software. Over 2200 posted images were content analyzed to determine if they were related to alcohol or marijuana and if they displayed masculinity norms. Behavioral interviewing was also used to examine alcohol and marijuana attitudes, use, and problematic use. Analyses utilized t-tests and multiple and logistic regression. Results Many participants posted at least one substance use-related photo and a strong majority were exposed to such images through their network. Individuals who posted substance use-related images had more “followers.” Posting substance-use related photos was related to marijuana use attitudes, behaviors, and problem behaviors, as well as depictions of toughness in photos. Conclusions Social media monitoring has potential for use in identifying individuals at-risk for substance abuse and those who may be perpetuating unhealthy substance use norms.
Exploiting the Earth’s Spherical Geometry to Geolocate Images

Existing methods for geolocating images use standard classification or image retrieval techniques. These methods have poor theoretical properties because they do not take advantage of the earth’s spherical geometry. In some cases, they require training data sets that grow exponentially with the number of feature dimensions. This paper introduces the Mixture of von-Mises Fisher (MvMF) loss function, which is the first loss function that exploits the earth’s spherical geometry to improve geolocation accuracy. We prove that this loss requires only a dataset of size linear in the number of feature dimensions, and empirical results show that our method outperforms previous methods with orders of magnitude less training data and computation.
Drift echoes and flux oscillations: A signature of prompt and diffusive changes in the radiation belts

Abstract Prompt creation of new multi-MeV electron and proton radiation belts in the normally benign slot region between inner and outer Van Allen zones was observed by the short-lived Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission almost 30 years ago. Flux oscillations at lower energies coincident with ULF wave measurements and consistent with drift resonance were also a feature of the CRRES observations. The next mission designed to study the radiation belts in similar detail from a near equatorial plane orbit was the Van Allen Probes launched in August 2012. These twin spacecraft in similar orbits observed many milder events which produce drift echoes indicative of injection over a limited range of longitude on less than an electron drift time. Related substorm injection drift echoes were also observed by Van Allen Probes with much higher energy resolution than previously. Along with other flux oscillations associated with Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves, these events form a class which contributes to the overall radial transport and energization of radiation belt electrons as well as protons. This paper focuses on the greatly improved measurements from the Van Allen Probes relative to the CRRES era. These measurements illuminate our understanding of the importance of flux oscillations as a signature of radial transport relative to other energization and loss processes affecting the radiation belts.
Pressure metrics and Manhattan curves for Teichmüller spaces of punctured surfaces

In this paper, we extend the construction of pressure metrics to Teichmuller spaces of surfaces with punctures. This construction recovers Thurston’s Riemannian metric on Teichmuller spaces. Moreover, we prove the real analyticity and convexity of Manhattan curves of finite area type-preserving Fuchsian representations, and thus we obtain several related entropy rigidity results. Lastly, relating the two topics mentioned above, we show that one can derive the pressure metric by varying Manhattan curves.
Teacher Anxiety Program for Elementary Students (TAPES): An Open Trial

Problematic anxiety in students impairs academic functioning. Teachers are often the first among school personnel to interact with these students, but they rarely receive training in evidence-based anxiety reduction strategies. This study assessed the feasibility of a brief teacher-administered school-home intervention (TAPES; Teacher Anxiety Program for Elementary Students) to reduce student anxiety symptoms. Eight elementary teachers completed a 1-day training and administered TAPES to 10 students with elevated symptoms of anxiety (M age: 8 years old; 50% female; 90% Caucasian). Feasibility of the intervention was assessed using several indicators, including training and intervention satisfaction as well as fidelity of implementation. Pre–post intervention student outcomes were collected from parents, students, and teachers. Results indicated that the majority of teachers were satisfied with the training and reported the intervention was feasible. Paired t-tests on pre–post outcome measures revealed significant reductions in student anxiety symptoms according to teachers and parents. Preliminary results suggest TAPES is feasible and helpful in reducing anxiety symptoms. Additional evaluation using a randomized controlled design is warranted.
A Preliminary Study on the Role of Energy Storage and Load Rationing in Mitigating the Impact of the 2021 Texas Power Outage

In February 2021, an unprecedented winter storm swept across the U.S., severely affecting the Texas power grid, leading to more than 4.5 million customers' electricity service interruption. This paper assesses the load shedding experienced by customers under realistic scenarios in the actual power grid. It also conducts a preliminary study on using energy storage and load rationing to mitigate rotating blackout's adverse impact on the grid. It is estimated that utility-scale battery storage systems with a total installed capacity of 920 GWh would be required to fully offset the load shedding during the Texas power outage if energy storage were the only technical option. Our simulation result suggests that implementing 20 percent load rationing on the system could potentially reduce this estimated energy storage capacity by 85 percent. This estimate is obtained using the predicted capacity and demand profile from February 15 to February 18, 2021. Recognizing the fact that it would be very challenging to practically deploy energy storage of this size, approaches to provide more granular demand reduction are studied as a means of leveraging the energy storage to maximize the survivability of consumers. Preliminary case study suggests the potential of combining load rationing and proper sizing of energy storage would potentially provide much reliability improvement for the grid under such extreme weather conditions.
The Once and Future Role for Approximate Calculations

MATHEMATICS IS RENOWNED for its extreme precision of thought and concept, and the accuracy of its results. Yet one of the first things that we learn is that the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter is π. And what is the value of π? Here we can give only an approximate answer, albeit a very accurate one. It is about 3, or better 22/7ths, but this value is still not exact. At last report, its value had been calculated to about 3.3 billion decimal places. Even though this result is still not exact, I think most people would agree that it is good enough for almost all purposes.
The energy-robustness tradeoff for routing in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks consisting of large numbers of inexpensive energy-constrained nodes are an area of emerging networking research. Routing algorithms in these networks are required to provide tolerance to temporary or lasting faults in individual devices. The conventional methodology is to set radio transmit powers to the minimum levels required for connectivity and use multipath routing to provide robustness. We show in this paper through an analytical example and detailed simulation results that using a single path routing scheme with higher transmit power can also be an energy-efficient solution for robustness to node failures.
Generative art and evolutionary refinement

In considering a case study, we examine the process of promoting emergence and creativity within an evolutionary art system using the technique of evolutionary refinement. That is, for the complex, difficult to predict generative scheme based on a model for simulating cellular morphogenesis that forms the generative component of an evolutionary art system, we discuss how we proceed in stages to develop, analyze, focus, and re-target evolved genetic material for aesthetic purposes — in this instance aesthetic pattern formation.
Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Compressive Loading

Three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations are performed to investigate the mechanical properties of ceramics under impact compressive loading. A microcracking model considering the stochastic distribution of internal defects in ceramics is developed. The deformation and failure process of the ceramic specimen is simulated. Calculation results show that specimen strength measured by the output bar increases slightly with the strain rate, but rapidly with the lateral confining pressure.
Chapter 9. Methods for the Assessment of Histone Methylation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methods for the assessment of histone methylation. N -methylation of internal histone lysine residues in nuclear chromatin occurs during the last part of S phase and G . It involves specific lysine residues in histones H3 and H4, which have been identified as residues 9 and 27 in calf thymus histone H3, and as residue 20 in H4. The methylation reaction is catalyzed by histone lysine methyltransferase(s) and utilizes S- adenosylmethionine as methyl donor. The enzyme has been characterized and purified from cell nuclei known as “methylase III.” The in vitro methylation of histones in isolated nuclei seems for all practical purposes to be very similar to the in vivo process. Incorporation takes place only into H3 and, to a lesser extent, into H4, in the form of mono- di-, and trimethyllysine. The main advantage is that, under these conditions, S -adenosylmethionine can be used as the radiomethyl donor, and thus incorporation of radioactivity into histones is solely by N -methylation. In a tissue such as rat liver, only a small percentage of the total cell population will incorporate radiomethyl into its histones at any given time, and that the phenomena may well be restricted to only those (premitotic) cells in which histone methylation is taking place.
Petascale block-structured AMR applications without distributed meta-data

Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) applications to solve partial differential equations (PDE) are very challenging to scale efficiently to the petascale regime. We describe optimizations to the Chombo AMR framework that enable it to scale efficiently to petascale on the Cray XT5. We describe an example of a hyperbolic solver (inviscid gas dynamics) and an matrixfree geometric multigrid elliptic solver. Both show good weak scaling to 131K processors without any thread-level or SIMD vector parallelism. This paper describes the algorithms used to compress the Chombo metadata and the optimizations of the Chombo infrastructure that are necessary for this scaling result. That we are able to achieve petascale performance without distribution of the metadata is a significant advance which allows for much simpler and faster AMR codes.
Ab initio pressure-dependent reaction kinetics of methyl propanoate radicals

The unimolecular dissociation and isomerization kinetics of the three methyl propanoate (MP) radicals, CH3CH2C(O)OĊH2 (MP-m), CH3ĊHC(O)OCH3 (MP-α), and ĊH2CH2C(O)OCH3 (MP-β), are theoretically investigated using high-level ab initio methods and the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM)/master equation (ME) theory. Stationary-point energies are obtained using the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction (CCSD(T)), multi-reference singles and doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) with the Davidson-Silver (DS) correction, and multi-reference averaged coupled pair functional (MRACPF2) theories. The isomerization barriers between the three radicals are predicted to be generally lower than the corresponding bond dissociation channels, leading to a strongly coupled reaction system in subsequent kinetics studies. The phenomenological temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients are computed using the RRKM/ME theory over a temperature range of 500 to 2000 K and at a pressure range of 0.01 atm to the high-pressure limit, which are then fitted to modified Arrhenius expressions. The β-scission rate coefficients of MP-α to CH3CHC(O) and CH3Ȯ are predicted to be the smallest because of its highest activation energy among all studied unimolecular reactions channels. Analysis of branching fractions shows that both MP-m and MP-α radicals mainly decompose to the bimolecular products CH3CH2Ċ(O) and H2CO, whereas the MP-β radical primarily decomposes via cleavage of a C–C bond to form C2H4 and CH3OĊ(O). The isomerization channels dominate at low temperatures, the branching fractions of which decrease with increasing temperature and become very minor at about 2000 K. Our accurate rate coefficients and branching fractions help to illuminate the unique combustion properties of MP.
Electrochemical deposition and photoelectrochemistry of CuWO4, a promising photoanode for water oxidation

Polycrystalline thin film photoanodes composed of CuWO4 have been prepared by electrodeposition from an acidic aqueous solution. This 2–3 μm thick n-type material has an indirect band gap of 2.25 eV, 0.45 V smaller than the gap of WO3. The flat band potential and donor density determined by Mott–Schottky analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectra are +0.4 V (vs. NHE) and 2.7 × 1021 cm−3 respectively, similar to those observed in crystalline WO3. This implies that the lower band gap is due to a raised valence band maximum, desirable for water oxidation photoanodes. Under neutral conditions afforded by a pH 7 potassium phosphate buffer, electrodeposited CuWO4 generates a photocurrent density of 0.16 mA cm−2 at an applied bias of +0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) under simulated solar irradiation. Electrodeposited CuWO4 films demonstrate higher chemical stability than polycrystalline WO3, both under continuous illumination and in the dark. CuWO4 oxidizes methanol and maintains a stable steady-state photocurrent density of 0.11 mA cm−2 after 12 h of continuous illumination in a 10% methanol solution in aqueous electrolyte. This is twice the current density observed without methanol added.
Structure and expression of the membrane proteoglycan betaglycan, a component of the TGF-β receptor system

We describe the primary structure of rat betaglycan, a polymorphic membrane-anchored proteoglycan with high affinity for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). As deduced from its cDNA sequence, the 853 amino acid core protein of betaglycan has an extracellular domain with clustered sites for potential attachment of glycosaminoglycan chains. These chains are dispensable for TGF-beta binding to the core protein. The transmembrane region and the short cytoplasmic tail of betaglycan are very similar to these regions in human endoglin, an endothelial cell membrane glycoprotein involved in intercellular recognition. The ectodomain of betaglycan can be released as a soluble proteoglycan; a potential cleavage site near the transmembrane region is identical to the highly regulated cleavage site of the membrane-anchored transforming growth factor-alpha precursor. The unique features of betaglycan suggest important roles in cell interaction with TGF-beta.