cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Cepstral Peak Prominence and Selected Parameters of Dysphonia

Traditional measures of dysphonia vary in their reliability and in their correlations with perceptions of grade. Measurements of cepstral peak prominence (CPP) have been shown to correlate well with perceptions of breathiness. Because it is a measure of periodicity, CPP should also predict roughness. The ability of CPP and other acoustic measures to predict overall dysphonia and the subcategories of breathiness and roughness in pathological voice samples is explored. Preoperative and postoperative speech samples from 19 patients with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis who underwent operative intervention were analyzed by trained listeners and by measures of smoothed CPP (CPPS), noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ), relative average perturbation (RAP), and smoothed pitch perturbation quotient (sPPQ). The data were analyzed with bivariate Pearson correlation statistics. Grade of dysphonia and breathiness ratings correlated better with measurements of CPPS than with the other measures. CPPS from samples of connected speech (CPPS-s) best predicted overall dysphonia. None of the measures were useful in predicting roughness.
Spatial perception in virtual environments: Evaluating an architectural application

An experiment was conducted to compare and explore the relationship between the way people perceive real and virtual spaces. Twenty-four architects toured either a real museum gallery or a realtime computer generated model of the same gallery under one of three increasingly inclusive viewing conditions, i.e., looking at a monitor, viewing through stereoscopic head-mounted displays without and with head-position tracking. Subjects were asked to perform spatial dimension, orientation and evaluation tasks. The most significant results indicate that subjects consistently underestimate the dimensions of the gallery in all three computer simulation conditions when compared to touring the real gallery. The most inclusive viewing condition yields underestimates for spatial dimensions which are significantly greater than the other two simulation conditions. >
Small crossed-slot radiating elements for phased array applications

Two small cavity-backed crossed-slot antenna configurations are described that offer simple design and easy frequency tuning, and are light-weight, low-loss, and low-cost, The slots in these antennas are end-loaded. The end loading makes the slots effectively longer and hence reduces their resonance frequency. Therefore, relatively small radiating elements can be achieved for large-angle-scanning phased-array antennas. These antennas have good RF characteristics and provide a relatively wide bandwidth. >
The Osteocyte: An Endocrine Cell … and More

Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and potentially other organs. In fact, until the last few years, osteocytes were perceived by many as passive, metabolically inactive cells. However, exciting recent discoveries have shown that osteocytes encased within mineralized bone matrix are actually multifunctional cells with many key regulatory roles in bone and mineral homeostasis. In addition to serving as endocrine cells and regulators of phosphate homeostasis, these cells control bone remodeling through regulation of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts, are mechanosensory cells that coordinate adaptive responses of the skeleton to mechanical loading, and also serve as a manager of the bone's reservoir of calcium. Osteocytes must survive for decades within the bone matrix, making them one of the longest lived cells in the body. Viability and survival are therefore extremely important to ensure optimal function of the osteocyte network. As we continue to search for new therapeutics, in addition to the osteoclast and the osteoblast, the osteocyte should be considered in new strategies to prevent and treat bone disease.
Electron pairing without superconductivity

Evidence is presented for electron pairing in strontium titanate far above the superconducting transition temperature; such pairs are thought to be the long-sought pre-formed pairs that condense at lower temperatures to give rise to the unconventional superconducting state in this system. Strontium titanate is an unusual superconductor in which electrons are thought to pair not only in the superconducting state but also at higher temperatures in the absence of superconductivity. Guanglei Cheng and colleagues now present direct evidence for electron pairing in this system at temperatures far above the superconducting transition temperature. The authors argue that these are the long-sought pre-formed pairs that condense at lower temperatures to give rise to the unconventional superconducting state in this system. Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the first and best known superconducting semiconductor1. It exhibits an extremely low carrier density threshold for superconductivity2, and possesses a phase diagram similar to that of high-temperature superconductors3,4—two factors that suggest an unconventional pairing mechanism. Despite sustained interest for 50 years, direct experimental insight into the nature of electron pairing in SrTiO3 has remained elusive. Here we perform transport experiments with nanowire-based single-electron transistors at the interface between SrTiO3 and a thin layer of lanthanum aluminate, LaAlO3. Electrostatic gating reveals a series of two-electron conductance resonances—paired electron states—that bifurcate above a critical pairing field Bp of about 1–4 tesla, an order of magnitude larger than the superconducting critical magnetic field. For magnetic fields below Bp, these resonances are insensitive to the applied magnetic field; for fields in excess of Bp, the resonances exhibit a linear Zeeman-like energy splitting. Electron pairing is stable at temperatures as high as 900 millikelvin, well above the superconducting transition temperature (about 300 millikelvin). These experiments demonstrate the existence of a robust electronic phase in which electrons pair without forming a superconducting state. Key experimental signatures are captured by a model involving an attractive Hubbard interaction that describes real-space electron pairing as a precursor to superconductivity.
Local Water Management in the Andes: Interplay of Domination, Power and Collective Participation

Water management, rights, and distribution practices manifest themselves ­simultaneously in water infrastructure and technology, normative arrangements, and organizational frameworks for operating and maintaining water control systems, each embedded in diverse political-economic and cultural-symbolic contexts. This situation implies that technology, organizations, culture, political economy, and ecology fundamentally influence and structure possibilities of water captured in contexts of cultural diversity and environmental change. Water rights analysis requires an interdisciplinary focus – one that allows for analyzing the politically contested nature of water resources and water rights as well as the interacting domains that constitute water control systems. I use the concept of ‘domains’ of water rights and control not in the sense of ‘arenas’ or social fields of interaction with territorial and political boundaries, but as (distinct but interlinked) thematic fields producing knowledge on water control. Irrigation water control studies in the Andean region, like investigations and narratives from other parts in the world, have shown the need for conceptualizations that dynamically interrelate the organizational, technical, and normative as interdependent ‘subsystems’ of water control that interact with cultural and political-economic forces and structures of their societal context.
Forest structure and species traits mediate projected recruitment declines in western US tree species

Aim Determine if differences in the climatic niche between conspecific adult and juvenile trees of the western Unites States vary by species traits and to assess if forest canopies moderate the sensitivity of juvenile trees to climatic variation. Location The western Unites States. Methods Using data from the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis programme, we compare the distribution of conspecific adult and juvenile trees for 62 western US tree species. We relate demographic niche differences to species traits including shade and drought tolerance. We model recruitment under projected climate change using generalized linear mixed models, probabilistic uncertainty accounting, forest structural data and projected changes in the climatic water balance. Results On average juveniles of western US tree species occupy a climatic subset of their conspecific adults. Demographic niche differences increase as species shade and drought tolerance increase and are greatest at climatic range margins, indicating the potential for range contractions. Models calibrated solely with climate data project recruitment declines for 2080 that are 47% larger on average than models that also account for forest structure. Main conclusions Climate change-driven declines in recruitment in western US tree species may be partly offset by the moderating effect of forest canopies. The importance of this stabilizing process will depend on whether a given site is disturbed and the traits of resident species, including their ability to utilize sites that have buffered microclimates. Conversely, our results suggest that broad-scale disturbances which result in the loss of forest canopy will amplify the effects of climate change on tree recruitment.
Non-random loss of chromosome 3 during transition of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric MALT to B-cell MALT lymphoma revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Acquired gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) accumulates as a result of long-standing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and from this acquired MALT, low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma may develop. Carcinogenesis is a multistep, multifactorial process involving the progressive accumulation of genetic changes. To determine whether numerical chromosomal alterations are involved in the transition of H. pylori-associated human gastric MALT to low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma, frozen biopsy specimens prospectively obtained from H. pylori positive gastric MALT and gastric MALT lymphoma patients, as well as normal control patients (normal gastroscopy/gastric mucosal histology/H. pylori negative), were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fluorescent, directly labeled α-satellite DNA probes, specific for the centromeres of chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 11, 17 and Y were used in this study. The non-random loss of chromosome 3 was detected in two MALT patients and in all five MALT lymphoma patients. Trisomy 17 was detected in one MALT patient and one MALT lymphoma patient. Trisomy 1 was detected in a single MALT lymphoma patient as was trisomy 3. None of the MALT patients had trisomy 3 or trisomy 1. Monosomy 17 was noted in one MALT lymphoma patient. Clonal aneusomy was not observed in any patient for chromosomes Y, 4 or 11. These results suggest that the consistent loss of chromosome 3 may be an important genetic alteration in the transformation of H. pylori-associated gastric MALT into low-grade B-cell gastric MALT lymphoma.
Public Management Mentoring: A Three-Tier Model

Despite the abundance of literature discussing the individual and organizational outcomes of mentoring, this general literature remains virtually silent on the role of mentoring in the public sector. The authors review and critique the mentoring literature, indicating its limitations for understanding mentoring in a public management context. In particular, the authors highlight the interdependence of organizations, the opportunity structures of the public sector, and public service motivation that mediate the outcomes of mentoring in the public sector. The authors then present a three-tier model that focuses on public management mentoring outcomes. The three-tier model marries the unique context of public sector work to the extensive mentoring literature and lays the groundwork for a theory of public management mentoring. The authors employ the model to generate propositions about public management mentoring outcomes. These propositions should prove useful for theory development but also for application ...
Optical Absorption Characteristics of Silicon Nanowires for Photovoltaic Applications

Solar cells have generated a lot of interest as a potential source of clean renewable energy for the future. However, a big bottleneck in wide scale deployment of these energy sources remain in the low efficiency of these conversion devices. Recently, the use of nanostructures and the strategy of quantum confinement has become a general approach towards better charge carrier generation and capture. In this article, we have presented calculations on the optical characteristics of nanowires made out of silicon. Our calculations show these nanowires form excellent optoelectronic materials and may yield efficient photovoltaic devices.
GENETIC VARIATION IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS

A model of population structure in heterogeneous environments is described and conditions sufficient for maintaining a polymorphism are derived. The absolute fitness of any genotype is regarded as a function of location in the niche space and the population density at that location. Two modes of habitat selection are examined: (1) organisms are distributed uniformly over the environment; and (2) each organism selects to occupy that habitat in which it is most fit ("optimal habitant selection").—Sufficient conditions for maintenance of genetic polymorphisms are derived for both models. In populations which do not practice habitat selection heterozygote superiority averaged over the environment is sufficient to guarantee the existence of polymorphisms. Comparable conditions for populations which practice optimal habitat selection are much less restrictive. If the heterozygotes are superior to one homozygote in any one part of the niche and to the other homozygote in any other part of the niche then a polymorphism will be defined.—A positive correlation between genetic and environmental variation follows from the model with habitat selection, but not from the other. The adaptive significance of polymorphisms thus depends on how animals behave.
Continuous Faraday Measurement of a Spinor BEC

We report a continuous measurement of the spin state of a spinor BEC. A far off-resonant linearly polarised probe beam illuminates a sodium spinor condensate in F=1. The beam is Faraday rotated in proportion to the spin component along the beam propagation direction, and the rotation measured at the shot-noise limit with an autobalanced polarimeter. The measurement is minimally-destructive and continuous. As the condensate spin Larmor precesses in a weak magnetic bias field, the Faraday signal oscillates at the Larmor frequency, typically of order 50 kHz. We investigate this novel measurement for monitoring spin-mixing and decoherence processes in real time.
TSLP signaling in CD4 T cells is required for T helper 2 memory (HYP6P.259)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays important roles in the differentiation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and thus the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Whether TSLP is required for the generation and maintenance of Th2 memory cells has not been clearly defined. In this study, we show that TSLP signaling in CD4 T cells is required for the generation of memory cells following OVA+Alum priming. TSLPR-deficient CD4 T cells have no defects in proliferation but fail to survive one week after sensitization, while elevated TSLP expression during sensitization significantly increased the frequency of memory cells. Although in vitro differentiated TSLPR-deficient Th2 cells develop into memory cells with equal efficiency to wild type cells, the recall response to airway antigen challenge is impaired. Moreover, after antigen challenge of mice receiving in vitro primed Th2 cells, TSLP signaling in CD4 T cells significantly affects memory cell generation from the secondary effector cells. Therefore, TSLP plays a critical role not only in Th2 memory generation in vivo, but also in recall response of the memory cells to local antigen challenge.
Abstract 19826: Cardiac DGAT1 Deficiency Decreases Triglyceride Turnover and Alters Substrate Utilization

Triglyceride (TG) metabolism in the heart has been suggested to regulate PPARα activity and fatty acid oxidation. Reduced TG content and turnover has also been shown in rodent models of heart failure. We found that patients with heart failure displayed decreased mRNA levels of diacylglycerol:acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), the rate limiting enzyme in TG synthesis (0.56±0.06 fold of NF, p=0.0001) and a lower myocardial TG content (3.65±0.41 vs. 8.27±1.48 mg/g tissue in NF, n=8-11, p=0.019). Therefore we hypothesized reduced TG synthesis caused metabolic remodeling in heart failure. In mice with tamoxifen-inducible cardiac specific deletion of DGAT1 (iKO) TG turnover was reduced. 13 C NMR spectroscopy in perfused hearts revealed a 30% reduction in incorporation of labeled fatty acids (FA) into TG in iKO (40 minute peak area 7.86±0.26 vs. 5.73±0.50) with no changes in total TG content. To test whether these changes affect myocardial energetics and contractile function, we simultaneously measured high energy phosphate content and contractile function using 31 P NMR in isolated perfused hearts. Contractile function and PCr/ATP ratio was unchanged in iKO hearts perfused with FA, lactate and glucose. Furthermore, there is no difference between genotypes in the expression of PPARα or its downstream target genes at baseline or after 5 weeks of high fat diet, indicating that TG turnover has minimal effect on PPARα activity. However, iKO hearts showed increased oxidation of exogenous fatty acid (67.0±4.1% vs. 48.5±5.3%) and reduced glucose oxidation (12.9±4.2% vs. 27.4±4.5%, n=5-7). These observations suggest that reduced TG synthesis diverts exogenous FA from the TG pool towards oxidative metabolism. To evaluate the dependence of iKO hearts upon exogenous FA, hearts were perfused with glucose as the only substrate. The ability to utilize TG was reduced in iKO resulting in a 50% higher TG content after 20 min perfusion, which was associated with a reduced left ventricular developed pressure (119±6 vs. 97±7 mmHg for control and iKO respectively). Taken together, we found that DGAT1 deficiency in the heart reduced TG turnover and increased reliance on the oxidation of exogenous FA, a phenotype that may contribute to the lack of metabolic flexibility in heart failure.
Free Vibration of Horizontally Curved Beams

The effects of transverse shearing deformation and the flexural rotatory inertia on the natural frequencies of horizontally circularly curved beams were studied.
Psoriatic arthritis of the foot and ankle: analysis of joint involvement and diagnostic errors.

Forty-two patients with psoriatic arthritic arthritis who were referred to a tertiary medical center from 1983 to 1987 were reviewed. The foot and/or ankle was the most common site of joint or bone involvement, (N = 36, 86%). Twenty-six of these patients demonstrated bilateral involvement. The foot and ankle was the most common site of initial arthritis (N = 23, 55%). Errors in patient diagnosis were noted and analyzed. Eight patients with foot and ankle involvement were diagnosed and treated for either gout or compression of a digital nerve. Major causes for misdiagnosis included failure to identify psoriatic skin lesions and failure to associate foot and ankle symptoms with psoriatic arthritis.
Attenuation of Modified Mercalli intensity with distance from the epicenter

Thirteen simple formulas describing the attenuation of Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity are compared to determine which best predicts observed values in North America. The equation (19) ln I = ln I o + a 2 − b 2 ln Δ − c 2 Δ based on the assumption that intensity is related to energy by the equation (12) I = k E P appears to be the most useful, although it is not the most precise. P was found to be approximately 1/6, indicating that MM intensity is proportional to the sixth root of energy or the cube root of amplitude. The United States and southern Canada are divided into three attenuation provinces: a San Andreas province with an energy absorption coefficient of 0.015/km, an Eastern province with an absorption coefficient of 0.0031/km and a Cordilleran province with an absorption coefficient of 0.0063/km. The different rates of absorption can be explained as the result of slightly greater average focal depths in the East than in the West, although the data are too scattered to prove that this is the cause. Greater depth of focus, especially if low-angle faulting is involved, would explain the lack of surface displacement with eastern earthquakes.
Change Management for the Successful Adoption of Clinical Information Systems

Implementation of health information technology does not occur in a vacuum, and is substantially affected by user and organizational culture. The chapter on Change Management discusses change theory as well as strategies for promoting the adoption and effective use of clinical information systems. Specifically addressed are assessment of organizational culture and behavior, social-psychology theories affecting change management and adoption, identification of non-technical factors that influence the adoption of clinical information systems, and the role of diffusion in an organization for adoption of a new system. Key success factors in an implementation including communication, the role of champions, understanding of user requirements/needs and workflow, and incorporating user feedback are discussed.
PHOCOMELIA AND TRISOMY E.

A case of trisomy E with phocomelia of one arm is presented and the hitherto reported cases of trisomy E with phocomelia are listed. The different causes of phocomelia are discussed. Similarities and dissimilarities of the clinical picture of conditions associated with phocomelia are presented.
Neonatal intensive care unit. Basic equipment needs for neonatal monitoring.

Functional descriptions of basic neonatal monitoring equipment are given and guidelines are offered for intelligent selection of individual models.
Stabilizing and destabilizing effects of structural changes on radical stabilities

A simple method of estimating homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the acidic H-A bonds in weak acids has been developed by combining their pK HA values in DMSO with the oxidation potentials of their conjugate bases, A - . Differences in BDEs between H-A 1 and H-A 2 bonds have been found to give good measures of the relative radical stabilization energies (RSEs) of the corresponding radicals, A 1 * and A 2 *. Application of the method to weak acids with remote or proximate substituents has revealed that substituents play a dual role in affecting radical stabilities - stabilizing to the extent that they delocalize an odd electron, and destabilizing to the extent that they exert an electron-withdrawing effect. Estimates of BDEs (or RSEs) have provided new insights into the stabilizing effects in radicals of the type A-C*-D and A-N*-D, where A is an acceptor group, such as PhCO, and D is a donor group, such as Me 2 N. The stabilities of heteroallylic radicals of the type 0 = C-0*, 0 = C-C*, S = C-N* and O-C-N* have been found to vary with the electronegativities of the atoms at the termini in support of a theoretical prediction.
Zeta Functions of Laplacians

In this chapter we will encode the spectral information of a Laplacian-type operator into a zeta function first introduced by Minakshisundaram and Pleijel [48] and Seeley [61]. While this is theoretically equivalent to the encoding of the spectrum given by the trace of the heat operator, the zeta function contains spectral information hard to obtain by heat equation methods. In particular, the important notion of the determinant of a Laplacian is given in terms of the zeta function. In §5.1, we introduce the zeta function and use it to produce new conformal invariants in Riemannian geometry. In §5.2, we outline Sunada's elegant construction of isospectral, nonhomeomorphic four-manifolds. While the results in §5.1 are conceivably obtainable directly from the heat operator, the results in §5.2 depend on the zeta function for motivation. Finally, in §5.3 we discuss the determinants of Laplacians on forms and define analytic torsion, which we show is a smooth invariant subtler than the invariants produced in Chapter 4. We conclude with an overview of recent work of Bismut and Lott connecting analytic torsion with Atiyah-Singer index theory for families of elliptic operators. This last discussion is the most difficult part of the book and contains no proofs. The Zeta Function of a Laplacian By a Laplacian-type operator, we mean any symmetric second order elliptic differential operator Δ : Γ( E ) → Γ( E ) acting on sections ƒ of a Hermitian bundle E over a compact n -manifold M satisfying 〈Δƒ, ƒ〉 ≥ C 〈ƒ, ƒ〉 for some C ∈ R . The basic examples are the Laplacians on forms, where C = 0.
Morphological changes of intracranial pressure pulses are correlated with acute dilatation of ventricles.

BACKGROUND Potentially useful information may exist in the morphological changes in intracranial pressure pulse therefore their extraction by automated methods is highly desirable. METHODS Long-term continuous recordings of intracranial pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals were analyzed for four patients undergoing intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring with their implanted shunts externalized and clamped. A novel clustering algorithm was invented to process hours of continuous ICP recordings such that a dominant ICP pulse was extracted every 5 min. Morphological characteristics of dominant ICP pulses were then extracted after detecting characteristics points of a dominant ICP pulse that include the locations of ICP pulse onset, the first (P1), the second (P2), and the third peaks (P3) (or inflection points in the absence of peaks). FINDINGS It was found that ratios of P2 amplitude to P1 amplitude and P3 amplitude to P1 amplitude showed a strong increasing trend for a patient whose lateral ventricles were significantly enlarged (bi-frontal distance was 33 cm on day 0 and 37 cm on day 2) while there were no consistent trends in these morphological features of ICP pulse for the three patients whose ventricles size was not altered during the monitoring period. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrates the usefulness of this novel ICP pulse analysis algorithm in terms of its potential capabilities of extracting predictive pulse morphological features from long-term continuous ICP recordings that correlate with the development of ventriculomegaly.
The Tying of the Ceremonial Wedding Thread: A Feminist Analysis of “Ritual” and “Tradition” Among Syro-Malabar Catholics in India

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Cold crucible induction melter test for crystalline ceramic waste form fabrication: A feasibility assessment

Abstract The first scaled proof-of-principle cold crucible induction melter (CCIM) test to process a multiphase ceramic waste form from a simulated combined (Cs/Sr, lanthanide and transition metal fission products) commercial used nuclear fuel waste stream was recently conducted in the United States. X-ray diffraction, 2-D X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy for Cs), and product consistency tests were used to characterize the fabricated CCIM material. Characterization analyses confirmed that a crystalline ceramic with a desirable phase assemblage was produced from a melt using a CCIM. Primary hollandite, pyrochlore/zirconolite, and perovskite phases were identified in addition to minor phases rich in Fe, Al, or Cs. The material produced in the CCIM was chemically homogeneous and displayed a uniform phase assemblage with acceptable aqueous chemical durability.
Symbiotic Cognitive Computing through Iteratively Supervised Lexicon Induction.

In this paper we approach a subset of semantic analysis tasks through a symbiotic cognitive computing approach -- the user and the system learn from each other and accomplish the tasks better than they would do on their own. Our approach starts with a domain expert building a simplified domain model (e.g. semantic lexicons) and annotating documents with that model. The system helps the user by allowing them to obtain quicker results, and by leading them to refine their understanding of the domain. Meanwhile, through the feedback from the user, the system adapts more quickly and produces more accurate results. We believe this virtuous cycle is key for building next generation high quality semantic analysis systems. We present some preliminary findings and discuss our results on four aspects of this virtuous cycle, namely: the intrinsic incompleteness of semantic models, the need for a human in the loop, the benefits of a computer in the loop and finally the overall improvements offered by the human-computer interaction in the process.
Lessons from Oregon in Embracing Complexity in End-of-Life Care

Patients in Oregon are less likely to receive intensive care and more likely to receive hospice care at end of life than patients in other states. The authors argue this reflects the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Program and efforts to honor patients’ preferences.
Programming Dangerously! Can Formal Methods and Empirical Software Engineering Come to the Rescue?

This award prompts me to reflect on how my team at Microsoft Research was able to bring research in formal methods and empirical software engineering into practice. How did I select the topics for my teams and my research? How did we conduct the research and which methods did we choose? How did we show progress, and equally important when did we decide to stop? I will also discuss the importance of knowing your customers, i.e., who, how and why a customer will use your research contributions. Of equal importance is to understand the constraints of a product group that productizes your research, and how your role changes when a product team adopts your ideas. Three years ago, I changed roles and founded a product group, called Tools for Software Engineers, which builds developer tools and service at scale. I will explain what new research challenges I encountered in building software services. I will argue that a combination of both, formal methods and empirical software engineering is the most promising approach to impact existing practice.
A role for strategies in urban climate change adaptation planning: Lessons from London

Global cities are taking a leadership role in climate change adaptation. Increasing numbers of cities are creating climate adaptation plans and strategies, and a wide range of international organizations are developing tools and programs to promote and support further planning, despite the fact that the few studies to date that have evaluated adaptation planning have found it to be ineffective: focused more on broad visions than specific actions. To understand why cities continue to engage in adaptation planning, what benefits planners anticipate, and whether these benefits can be achieved through vision-oriented strategies as well as action-based plans, this study reports on a qualitative case study of the creation and adoption of the 2011 London, United Kingdom, Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. Results from interviews with participants and stakeholders indicate the London Strategy was consciously developed as a vision-setting strategy and was successful in: raising awareness of cross-sectoral risks, coordinating pre-existing adaptation efforts, validating stakeholder engagement, providing political authorization for use of resources and personnel, and creating continuity of purpose across changing political administrations. To accurately capture these benefits in other urban adaptation planning efforts will require a new evaluation approach. Based on the London case, this paper proposes future adaptation strategies be evaluated according to how well they build the adaptive capacity of city institutions to enable ongoing adaptation.
Molecular beam epitaxy of complex oxides

Complex oxides are in the focus of research in materials science and condensed matter physics because of their wide spectrum of material properties and their intriguing phenomena arising from competing interaction with spin, charge, lattice and orbital degrees of freedom. It is stemming from the seemingly endless possibilities to combine two or more elements with oxygen to a stable compound with differences in the cation type, oxygen coordination, bonding geometry and thus crystal structure. Advancing the knowledge by establishing a structure-property relationship at the atomic scale and harnessing the functionality in these materials in next generation devices and application requires the synthesis of high quality complex oxide thin films. Common thin film growth techniques have their specific sets of challenges being a main reason why the utilization and integration of complex oxide materials into electronic devices is still in its infancy. In this chapter the growth of complex oxides with perovskite and related structures and the specific challenges associated with the thin film growth of these compounds by molecular beam epitaxy are reviewed. A hybrid growth approach is discussed that combines the advantages of molecular beam epitaxy and chemical beam epitaxy in an ideal way. The growth of SrTiO 3 employing this growth technique is reviewed in detail. Stoichiometric SrTiO 3 films can be reproducibly grown by entering a self-regulated growth window accessible in hybrid MBE for complex titanates. The success of this new growth method is discussed by highlighting the material quality improvements and future research opportunities to explore the exciting physics in complex oxides are given.
Clinical utility of an ultrasensitive late night salivary cortisol assay by tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract Background Late night salivary cortisol measurement is a clinically important and convenient screening test for Cushing’s syndrome. Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays have superior sensitivity and specificity compared to immunoassays. Our goal was to improve a LC-MS/MS method to measure salivary cortisol in both adult and pediatric patients and to characterize its analytical performance by method validation and clinical performance by chart review. Methods We improved a LC-MS/MS method originally developed for urine cortisol to measure low level salivary cortisol. The sample preparation was by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane followed by stepwise washing with acidic, basic and neutral solutions. The assay’s analytical performance was characterized and retrospective patient chart review was conducted to evaluate the assay’s clinical diagnostic performance. Results The LC-MS/MS assay showed enhanced functional sensitivity of 10 ng/dL for salivary cortisol and was linear within an analytical measurement range of 10–10,000 ng/dL. Assay accuracy was within 84–120% as determined by recovery studies and correlation with a reference method. Data from healthy adult volunteers was compiled to establish the reference interval for late night salivary cortisol. Patient chart review determined subjects with diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome or disease, and assay’s clinical diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 92% when the cutoff value was 70 ng/dL. Conclusions The improved LC-MS/MS method is sensitive and specific with enhanced analytical performance and clinical diagnostic utility for screening Cushing’s syndrome. The assay may have broad clinical application due to its high sensitivity and wide dynamic range.
The Importance of State Leadership: Lessons From Kentucky on Reducing Disparities in Insurance Coverage

The article discusses the relation of former Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear to lessening insurance coverage disparities following the passage of the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Topics include the findings of an issue article about racial disparities in health insurance coverage, federal-state cooperation in implementing the ACA, and problems with health insurance rates among Hispanic/Latino people in the U.S.
Leveraging Equity Across The Brand Portfolio

Industry informants suggest that the equity of well-known, established brands can be leveraged to create value for unfamiliar or less-established brands. To the extent that cues in the retail environment imply some commonality between the high-equity brand and the less-established brand, benefits to the less-established brand may be expected. We refer to this implied commonality as strategic equivalence. Sharing the retail brand portfolio with high-equity brands is one way of establishing strategic equivalence. Display structure—whether the brands are displayed separately or intermixed—can also affect perceptions of strategic equivalence. In two studies, we demonstrate the ability of high-equity brands to increase the value of lower-equity brands in the same retail department and the ability of display structure to moderate this effect.
Sharpness of exponent bounds for SU(n)

Abstract The p -primary v 1 -periodic homotopy groups of a topological space X , denoted by v 1 − 1 π ∗ ( X ) ( p ) , are roughly the parts of the homotopy groups of X localized at a prime p which are detected by K -theory. We will use combinatorial number theory to determine, for p an odd prime, the values of n for which v 1 − 1 π 2 ( n − 1 ) ( S U ( n ) ) ( p ) ≅ Z / p n − 1 + ν p ( ⌊ n p ⌋ ! ) . As a corollary, we obtain new bounds for the p -exponent of π ∗ ( S U ( n ) ) .
The Tao of Brain: Suggestions of Cross Disciplinary Parallels

The basic hypothesis of this chapter is that as perceptual sensitivity increases beyond a certain threshold we penetrate beyond the realm of our ordinary perception of the world and its concomitant “reality” and obtain a fundamentally different view of nature. This heightened perception may be obtained through direct perceptual training such as in meditation, or indirectly by augmentation and systematization through instrumentation and experimentation as in advanced science. But, however it is obtained, perceptual enhancement of sufficient degree may reveal a different order of reality from that to which we are accustomed. Furthermore, the properties so revealed will be essentially more fundamental and veridical than the usual, and will display a greater degree of commonality across disciplines. Thus, as empirical disciplines evolve and become more sensitive they will uncover phenomena and properties which point toward underlying commonalities and parallels between disciplines. It appears that the neurosciences may now be at the threshold of this evolutionary stage. In order to evaluate this hypothesis of emerging cross disciplinary parallels, it is necessary to range somewhat far afield from basic brain research. The nature of scientific paradigms, the frontiers of modern physics, and the perennial claims and recent research in the consciousness disciplines must all be considered. It is hoped that the reader will bear with this broad range of areas and the boldness of the hypothesis.
Energy Dispersive Analysis for Adjacent Elements Using Two Single Channel Analyzers

Energy dispersive x-ray analysis has become an extremely useful analytical tool. The technique provides for the direct observation of x-ray emission spectra, eliminating the need for a dispersive crystal. The purpose of this reported investigation was to study the use of the technique with a simple pulse height analyzing system and to develop a routine method for correcting interferences due to adjacent element spectral overlap and matrix effects.
Correlations Between Powder Feedstock Quality, In Situ Porosity Detection, and Fatigue Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Powder Bed Electron Beam Melting: A Step Towards Qualification

Ti-6Al-4V is the most studied alloy via electron beam melting (EBM) with regards to microstructure and mechanical behavior, but there have been no attempts to correlate in situ porosity detection and fatigue behavior. This is required for widespread adoption of EBM because conventional evaluation is often time-consuming and expensive. This paper presents the use of near-infrared imaging to detect and quantify porosity in Ti-6Al-4V builds fabricated from different powder feedstocks and its correlation to their fatigue response. We report that, for identical processing parameters, the variability in powder feedstock causes variations in porosity and scatter in the respective fatigue response.
Simulating HEP Workflows on Heterogeneous Architectures

The next generation of supercomputing facilities, such as Oak Ridge's Summit and Lawrence Livermore's Sierra, show an increasing use of GPGPUs and other accelerators in order to achieve their high FLOP counts. This trend will only grow with exascale facilities. In general, High Energy Physics computing workflows have made little use of GPUs due to the relatively small fraction of kernels that run efficiently on GPUs, and the expense of rewriting code for rapidly evolving GPU hardware. However, the computing requirements for high-luminosity LHC are enormous, and it will become essential to be able to make use of supercomputing facilities that rely heavily on GPUs and other accelerator technologies. ATLAS has already developed an extension to AthenaMT, its multithreaded event processing framework, that enables the non-intrusive offloading of computations to external accelerator resources, and is developing strategies to schedule the offloading efficiently. Before investing heavily in writing many kernels, we need to better understand the performance metrics and throughput bounds of the workflows with various accelerator configurations. This can be done by simulating the workflows, using real metrics for task interdependencies and timing, as we vary fractions of offloaded tasks, latencies, data conversion speeds, memory bandwidths, and accelerator offloading parameters such as CPU/GPU ratios and speeds. We present the results of these studies, which will be instrumental in directing effort to make the ATLAS framework, kernels and workflows run efficiently on exascale facilities.
Complications Associated With Placement of Chest Tubes: A Trauma System Perspective.

Abstract Background The insertion of a chest tube is a common procedure in trauma care, and the Advanced Trauma Life Support program teaches the insertion of chest tubes as an essential and life-saving skill. It is also recognized that the insertion of chest tubes is not without risks or complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate complications of chest tube placement in a level 1 trauma center compared with those placed in surrounding referral hospitals. Methods A retrospective matched cohort study of trauma patients was performed between those who underwent chest tube placement at the level 1 trauma center and those with a chest tube placed before transfer to the level 1 center between 2004 and 2013. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare the likelihood of complications and death between chest tube placement groups. Results Four thousand two hundred and sixteen trauma patients had a chest tube placed at the level 1 center, and 364 patients had a chest tube placed at an outside hospital before transfer. Two hundred and eighty-one patients were matched. Patients with a chest tube placed outside the trauma center had an increased likelihood of malposition (OR 7.2, 95% CI 3.6-14.6), residual hemothorax (OR 6.3, 95% CI 3.4-11.6), residual pneumothorax (OR 6.7, 95% CI 3.9-11.4), and having a second chest tube placed (OR 3.77, 95% CI 2.37-6.01). However, the patients with a chest tube placed outside of the trauma center were also less likely to develop pneumonia (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.73). There were no differences in the odds of developing an empyema, the need for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, thoracotomy, or death. Conclusions There are opportunities for improving the care of patients who require chest tubes at both referring hospitals and the receiving trauma center. Improving the care of patients who require intercostal drainage requires a systems-based approach, focusing on training and quality improvement.
Gold(I/III)-Phosphine Complexes as Potent Antiproliferative Agents.

The reaction of gold reagents [HAuCl4•3H2O], [AuCl(tht)], or cyclometalated gold(III) precursor, [C^NAuCl2] with chiral ((R,R)-(-)-2,3-bis(t-butylmethylphosphino) quinoxaline) and non-chiral phosphine (1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppe) ligands lead to distorted Au(I), (1, 2, 4, 5) and novel cyclometalated Au(III) complexes (3, 6). These gold compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR, microanalysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The inherent electrochemical properties of the gold complexes were also studied by cyclic voltammetry and theoretical insight of the complexes was gained by density functional theory and TD-DFT calculations. The complexes effectively kill cancer cells with IC50 in the range of ~0.10–2.53 μΜ across K562, H460, and OVCAR8 cell lines. In addition, the retinal pigment epithelial cell line, RPE-Neo was used as a healthy cell line for comparison. Differential cellular uptake in cancer cells was observed for the compounds by measuring the intracellular accumulation of gold using ICP-OES. Furthermore, the compounds trigger early – late stage apoptosis through potential disruption of redox homeostasis. Complexes 1 and 3 induce predominant G1 cell cycle arrest. Results presented in this report suggest that stable gold-phosphine complexes with variable oxidation states hold promise in anticancer drug discovery and need further development.