cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of temperature on the activity of the caudal photoreceptor.

Abstract 1. 1. Unit preparations of the caudal photoreceptor show an anomalous transient response. Ongoing activity in darkness is increased by rapid cooling and is inhibited by warming. 2. 2. Following the transient response, a steady discharge is seen which is generally lower in frequency and of double impulse pattern when cool, but of higher frequency and of single impulse pattern when warm. 3. 3. The double pattern obtained at lower temperatures may exert a postsynaptic effect that is equivalent to the higher frequency single spike pattern characteristics of higher temperatures. 4. 4. In contrast, light-initiated activities of the caudal photoreceptor, particularly the frequency, latency and threshold, are characterized by extraordinarily large temperature coefficients. 5. 5. Large Q10 values are typical only at low temperatures. As higher temperatures are approached, both frequency and latency functions gradually become almost temperature independent. 6. 6. The suggestion is made that heat and light might exert their effects at common sites in the chain of events leading from the photochemical reaction to impulse formation. Heat might influence some of the thermochemical reactions that follow the light reaction, particularly those involving the pigment reactions and amplification.
Data management for the EVLA

The Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) project is the next generation instrument for high resolution long-millimeter to short-meter wavelength radio astronomy. It is currently in early science operations, with full science operations to commence in January 2013. The EVLA construction project provided new software for all aspects of operation of the telescope, including both that required for controlling and monitoring the instrument and that involved with the scientific workflow. As the telescope transitions into full operations we are also developing the software and operations policies that allow us to manage the large amounts of data collected by the instrument (up to terabytes for a single observation; petabytes per year for all observations). We present an overview of our data management software and policies for the EVLA, as well as some early experience we have gained with the storage and distribution of data, post-processing, automatic processing, and centralized reprocessing of data, and storage of derived products back into our science archive.
Distorted body image in normal college women: Possible implications for the development of anorexia nervosa

College women (N = 100) who averaged about 18 years of age were asked to rate the size of their bodies after looking in a mirror, and these ratings were compared to their actual body sizes. Women whose personality characteristics more closely resembled those proposed as basic to anorexic development in Slade's model were more inclined to overestimate body size, but only if they were relatively thin. A motivational role for body-image overestimation was suggested wherein this distortion serves to maintain dieting behavior even when a thin body is attained.
The Effects of Position on Hatching of Honey Bee Eggs in the Laboratory

Studies were made to determine the incidence of hatching of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., eggs incubated in various positions. Petri dishes with basal layers of wax, paraffin, or drone foundation were used as supporting surfaces for eggs. The lowest successful hatching incidence was 58% for eggs kept in the inverted position; the highest incidence was 67% in an ordinary prone position. The averagc hatching incidence of 62% shows that hatching is not influenced strongly by the position of the egg. Eggs placed into petri dishes but without regard to their position showed an average of 78% hatchability. The resulting larvae, reared artificially on larval food, showed normal growth and development. Excessivc shaking or bumping does not appear to affect satisfactory hatching. A convenient and rapid method for transfer of honey bee eggs using an ordinary grafting tool was described. The different incubation positions are illustrated by photographs.
Propagation of an ultrashort, intense laser pulse in a relativistic plasma

A Maxwell-relativistic fluid model is developed for the propagation of an ultrashort, intense laser pulse through an underdense plasma. The separability of plasma and optical frequencies (${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$ and \ensuremath{\omega}, respectively) for small ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}/\ensuremath{\omega}$ is not assumed; thus the validity of multiple-scales theory (MST) can be tested. The theory is valid when ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}/\ensuremath{\omega}$ is of order unity or for cases in which ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}/\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ but strongly relativistic motion causes higher-order plasma harmonics to be generated which overlap the region of the first-order laser harmonic, such that MST would not be expected to be valid, although its principal validity criterion ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}/\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ holds.
Strong P-band emission and third harmonic generation from ZnO nanorods

We report the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) and broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) responses from high-quality ZnO nanorods grown by hydrothermal deposition. Based on the PL measurements, we find that the optical quality of ZnO nanorods critically depends on the packing and alignment of the rod structures. Our ZnO nanorods exhibit very strong third harmonic generation with suppressed second harmonic generation when the fundamental wavelength is varied in the range of 1060–2120 nm. Our results imply that ZnO nanostructures can potentially be utilized for various optoelectronic applications involving third-order NLO processes.
Patterns of seasonal maximum snow-water equivalent over the Northern Great Plains of the United States analyzed using hybrid-modeled climatology

Over the last 20 yr across North America, satellite and in situ observations have indi- cated a reduction both in the number of snow-cover days and in snow-cover extent in the spring. From a hydrologic perspective, however, the water content of the snowpack is most important. Few studies have examined whether the changes in snow-cover days or snow-cover extent corresponded to changes in the water content of the snowpack. This is due largely to the problems with obtaining quality data on the snow-water equivalent (SWE). This paper uses a long-term, high-resolution hybrid SWE climatology to examine peak seasonal SWE and its impact on the hydrology of the North- ern Great Plains. Accumulations of peak SWE, most frequently occurring in February, are greatest over NE Minnesota and decrease towards the south and southwest. There are no long-term trends in the magnitude of SWE, but there are distinct decadal-scale patterns of above- and below-average SWE. In general, the 1950s were below average, the mid-1960s through the 1970s were above average, and the 1980s and early 1990s were again below average. Greater maximum seasonal SWE corresponds with longer snow persistence in the spring and greater March snow-cover area.
The inquiry level of junior high activities: Implications to science teaching

An analysis of the inquiry level of science activities within junior high science textbooks and their accompanying supplemental activity guides was undertaken utilizing the inquiry analysis scheme developed by Tafoya et al. (1980). The inquiry level of activities was analyzed in relation to textbook series, supplemental activity guide, and discipline. Significance was determined using two-way ANOVAs for inquiry level by publisher series activity guides, inquiry level by discipline activity guides, inquiry level by publisher textbook series, and inquiry level by discipline textbooks. Tukey's pairwise comparison was used to determine significance among two-way ANOVA means. There was a significant difference in the frequency of inquiry level of activities among science textbooks, supplemental activity guides, and disciplines.
A MESFET distributed amplifier with 2 GHz bandwidth

A lumped distributed amplifier is built in a hybrid technique with microwave Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors and tested. A not yet optimized structure has a flat frequency response up to about 2 GHz and negligible phase distortions; ps-puIses are amplified with negligible overshoot.
Modeling the blocking phenomenon in JIT environment: an alternative scenario

Queueing networks with blocking have proven useful in modeling computer systems, telecommunication systems, production systems and public services. In this paper, an alternative scenario of the blocking mechanism is presented and its pertinence to JIT systems is explained. For comparison purposes, we apply the traditional scenario of blocking mechanism to the same class of queueing systems. Numerical results show that the values of the performance measures of the two scenarios are close within certain ranges of system parameters. The presented scenario is easier to solve and can be modeled more efficiently.
Effects of food restriction on stretch induced muscle hypertrophy in chickens of various ages.

Abstract 1. 1. The patagialis muscle of three groups of different aged chickens was subjected to passive stretch by placing an inflexible sleeve over the left wing, and the right wing served as the control. 2. 2. Food was removed from the animals 2 days prior to applying passive stretch. After 6 days of passive stretch on young 7-week-old animals, the stretched muscle was 200% larger than the control. 3. 3. During the restriction, control muscle lost 69% of its weight and the stretched muscle maintained its original weight. 4. 4. Changes in muscle DNA and hydroxyproline content were similar to changes in muscle weight but hydroxyproline content lagged changes in muscle weight. 5. 5. Restricted 10-month-old chickens responded to passive stretch with an absolute increase in muscle mass which was accompanied by increases in protein, DNA and hydroxyproline content. 6. 6. Muscle from the 28-month-old chickens did not respond to either 11 days of restriction or passive stretch. 7. 7. The results of the present study indicate that as the chicken grows older, the ability of the muscle to respond to stimuli, stretch and/or starvation, is reduced.
Antifibrotic and uveitogenic properties of gamma interferon in the rabbit eye.

The feasibility of gamma (γ)-interferon injection for the treatment of ocular fibrotic conditions was studied in rabbits using recombinant rabbit γ-interferon and the cell-injection model of tractional detachment. A toxicity study revealed that intravitreal injection of >104 units γ-interferon consistently produced panuveitis. For tractional detachment, 250,000 rabbit dermal fibroblasts were injected intravitreally into 20 eyes; 1 day later, 5 of these eyes received intravitreal injections of 104 units γ-interferon, another 5 were given 106 units, and the remaining 10 received balanced salt solution. Slit-lamp examination and fundus photography were performed at regular intervals for 21 days and were graded by a masked observer. The eyes were then enucleated and processed for histology. Doses of 104 units γ-interferon significantly reduced the severity of detachments, but injections of 106 units induced panuveitis.
Isopiestic determination of the osmotic and activity coefficients of Cu(NO3)2(aq) at the temperature 298.15 K

Abstract The four previous isopiestic investigations of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) at the temperature 298.15 K exhibit a remarkable lack of agreement. Consequently, isopiestic vapor-pressure measurements were performed for Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) solutions at T =298.15 K both at the Texas Christian University and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These measurements extend from molality m =(0.0638 to 6.9235) mol·kg −1 . Under the conditions typically used for isopiestic experiments, it is found that solutions of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) at higher molalities lose HNO 3 into the vapor phase, resulting in a gradual increase in the extent of hydrolysis of their solutions as the samples are re-equilibrated. This produces a progressive downward drift in the apparent osmotic coefficients. Consequently, most previous higher-molality isopiestic results for this system are believed to be unreliable. Experiments were performed to quantify and to minimize the effect of this hydrolysis on the resulting osmotic coefficients. These experiments indicate that the error in the osmotic coefficient from this HNO 3 loss is insignificant at lower molalities of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq); at m =4 mol·kg −1 it is ≤0.2 per cent, but above m ≈5 mol·kg −1 it can become quite significant. Recommended values of the osmotic coefficients, water activities, and mean activity coefficients of Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) are presented up to m =3.00 mol·kg −1 , the maximum molality where we consider them to be completely accurate, and, with slightly lower accuracy, up to m =6.9235 mol·kg −1 . Pitzer's equation was found to represent reliably the experimental osmotic coefficients provided the third virial coefficient was ionic-strength dependent.
Defining age limits of the sensitive period for attachment learning in rat pups

Enhanced odor preference learning and attenuated fear learning characterizes rat pups' attachment learning Sensitive Period for learning the maternal odor. This period terminates at 10 days old (PN10) with increasing endogenous levels of the stress hormone, corticosterone. Increasing Sensitive Period pups' corticosterone prematurely terminates the Sensitive Period, while decreasing corticosterone in older pups delays Sensitive Period termination. Here we extend these findings and define the age range corticosterone alters learning and question whether corticosterone permanently terminates the Sensitive Period. Pups were odor-0.5 mA shock conditioned with either corticosterone increased (PN5-6; 4 mg/kg vs. saline) or decreased (PN15-16; naturally by maternal presence or corticosterone synthesis blocker, Metyrapone). Finally, PN7-8 pups were conditioned with corticosterone and reconditioned without corticosterone to assess whether the Sensitive Period was permanently terminated. Results indicate developmental limits for corticosterone regulation of pup learning are PN6 through PN15. Furthermore, inducing precocious corticosterone induced fear learning was not permanent, since reconditioning without corticosterone enabled odor preference learning. Results suggest pups are protected from learning aversions to maternal odor until approaching weaning.
Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine: Meditation Practices for Pediatric Health

1. Erica M.S. Sibinga, MD* 2. Kathi J. Kemper, MD, MPH† 1. *Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 2. †Caryl J. Guth Chair for Holistic and Integrative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. ### Case #1 Maria is a 14-year-old Hispanic girl who has developed chronic headaches and appears to be mildly depressed. She has become irritable and gotten into two fights at school this year. Her aunt, who is raising her, does not want to start her on medication. The aunt has a friend who works as a nurse and recently started a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Maria's aunt wants to know if she could try a similar program. What is the evidence that practicing mindfulness meditation can help someone like Maria? ### Case #2 Antwan is a 12-year-old African American boy in an urban sixth-grade class who has mild hypertension. His teacher is interested in having her students learn some stress management skills to help them focus better in the classroom. She does not want anything inconsistent with her religion, but she has heard that even simple meditation can be helpful. What is the evidence that training in focused attention or concentration-type of meditation can help students like Antwan? ### Case #3 Maggie is a 17-year-old girl who has anorexia nervosa and really wants to keep exercising. Her family physician advised her not to exercise vigorously to avoid further weight loss. Her mother wants to know if yoga can help decrease Maggie's anxiety safely. Is yoga safe and effective for teens who have eating disorders? The word “meditation” has the same Indo-European root, “med” (to measure), as the word “medicine”; in Latin, meditation referred to physical or …
Explaining Defection from International Cooperation: Germany's Unilateral Recognition of Croatia

In 1991 Germany extended unilateral diplomatic recognition to Croatia and Slovenia in direct contravention of the preferences of its EC partners. In the context of Germany's postwar history of multilateralism in foreign policy, this was an unprecedented decision. As a case of defection from international cooperation, it requires explanation. This article explains how the German preference for recognition was formed and why Germany acted unilaterally when its partners had moved to adjust their policies to coordinate them with Germany's preferences. Defection from cooperation in this case is best explained as a two-level game: the source of Germany's preference for diplomatic recognition of these republics is traced to domestic political factors; its unilateral action is traced to regime weaknesses leading to negotiating failures in a changing post—cold war international environment.
Air-Stable Spin-Coated Naphthalocyanine Transistors for Enhanced Chemical Vapor Detection

Air-stable organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) sensors fabricated using spin-cast films of 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabutoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine (OBNc) demonstrated improved chemical vapor sensitivity and selectivity relative to vacuum-deposited phthalocyanine (H(2)Pc) OTFTs. UV-vis spectroscopy data show that annealed spin-cast OBNc films exhibit a red-shift in the OBNc Q-band λ(max) which is generally diagnostic of improved π-orbital overlap in phthalocyanine ring systems. Annealed OBNc OTFTs have mobilities of 0.06 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), low threshold voltages (|V(th)| < 1 V), and on/off ratios greater than 10(6). These air-stable device parameters are utilized for sensing modalities which enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of OBNc OTFTs relative to H(2)Pc OTFTs. While both sensors exhibit mobility decreases for all analytes, only OBNc OTFTs exhibit V(th) changes for highly polar/nonpolar analytes. The observed mobility decreases for both sensors are consistent with electron donation trends via hydrogen bonding by basic analytes. In contrast, V(th) changes for OBNc sensors appear to correlate with the analyte's octanol-water partition coefficient, consistent with polar molecules stabilizing charge in the organic semiconductor film. The analyte induced V(th) changes for OBNc OTFTs can be employed to develop selective multiparameter sensors which can sense analyte stabilized fixed charge in the film.
A controlled comparison of family versus individual therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the effectiveness of behavioral family systems therapy (BFST) with that of ego-oriented individual therapy (EOIT) as treatments for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Method Thirty-seven adolescents meeting DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa were randomly assigned to receive BFST or EOIT, in addition to a common medical and dietary regimen. In BFST, the family was seen conjointly, the parents were placed in control of the adolescent's eating, distorted beliefs were targeted through cognitive restructuring, and strategic/behavioral interventions were used to change family interactions. In EOIT, the adolescent was seen individually, with an emphasis on building ego strength and uncovering the dynamics blocking eating; parents were seen collaterally. Measures administered before, after, and at 1-year follow-up tapped body mass index, menstruation, eating attitudes, ego functioning, depression, and family interactions. Results BFST produced greater weight gain and higher rates of resumption of menstruation than EOIT. Both treatments produced comparably large improvements in eating attitudes, depression, and eating-related family conflict, but very few changes occurred on ego functioning. Conclusions BFST and EOIT proved to be effective treatments for adolescents with anorexia nervosa, but BFST produced a faster return to health.
H-Morph: an indirect approach to advancing front hex meshing

H-Morph is a new automatic algorithm for the generation of a hexahedral-dominant finite element mesh for arbitrary volumes. The H-Morph method starts with an initial tetrahedral mesh and systematically transforms and combines tetrahedral into hexahedra. It uses an advancing front technique where the initial front consists of a set of prescribed quadrilateral surface facets. Fronts are individually processed by recovering each of the six quadrilateral faces of a hexahedron from the tetrahedral mesh. Recovery techniques similar to those used in boundary constrained Delaunay mesh generation are used. Tetrahedral internal to the six hexahedral faces are then removed and a hexahedron is formed. At any time during the H-Morph procedure a valid mixed hexahedral-tetrahedral mesh is in existence within the volume. The procedure continues until no tetrahedral remain within the volume, or tetrahedral remain which cannot be transformed or combined into valid hexahedral elements. Any remaining tetrahedral are typically towards the interior of the volume, generally a less critical region for analysis. Transition from tetrahedral to hexahedra in the final mesh is accomplished through pyramid shaped elements. Advantages of the proposed method include its ability to conform to an existing quadrilateral surface mesh, its ability to mesh without the need to decompose or recognize special classes of geometry, and its characteristic well-aligned layers of elements parallel to the boundary. Example test cases are presented on a variety of models.
Increasing Hepatitis C treatment uptake among HIV-infected patients using an HIV primary care model

Background: Access to Hepatitis C (HCV) care is low among HIV-infected individuals, highlighting the need for new models to deliver care for this population. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis that compared the number of HIV patients who initiated HCV therapy: hepatology (2005–2008) vs. HIV primary care model (2008–2011). Logistic-regression modeling was used to ascertain factors associated with HCV therapy initiation and achievement of sustained viral response (SVR). Results: Of 196 and 163 patients that were enrolled in the HIV primary care and hepatology models, 48 and 26 were treated for HCV, respectively (p = 0.043). The HIV/HCV-patient referral rate did not differ during the two study periods (0.10 vs. 0.12/patient-yr, p = 0.18). In unadjusted analysis, predictors (p < 0.05) of HCV treatment initiation included referral to the HIV primary care model (OR: 1.7), a CD4+ count ≥400/mm3 (OR: 1.8) and alanine
Aging alters reactivity of microvascular resistance networks in mouse gluteus maximus muscle.

Aging occurs with enhanced sympathetic nerve activity and endothelial dysfunction; however, little is known of how successive branches of microvascular resistance networks are affected in vivo. We ...
A Car Goes in the Garage Like a Can of Peas Goes in the Refrigerator: Do Deficits in Real-World Knowledge Affect the Assessment of Intelligence in Individuals with Autism?.

The Test of Nonverbal Intelligence—3rd Edition (TONI-3) and the Analogic Reasoning (AR) subscale of the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT) Were administered to 35 individuals With autism to determine Whether real-World-knoWledge deficits affected intelligence scores. The 2 tests are similar in format; hoWever, the TONI-3 includes only abstract reasoning items, While the AR subscale includes both abstract reasoning and real-World-knoWledge items. The results indicated that although there Were no significant differences in overall scores across the 2 measures, the number of items pertaining to real-World knoWledge completed on the AR subscale did differentiate test scores. Participants completing a greater percentage of real-World-knoWledge items on the AR subscale scored more than 8 points better on the TONI-3; no differences Were found betWeen the tWo tests for those completing feWer real-World-knoWledge items. When age Was controlled for, it Was found that participants completing a greater perc...
Treating coagulopathy in liver disease with plasma transfusions or recombinant factor VIIa: an evidence-based review

In severe liver disease, poor synthetic function leads to characteristic deficiencies in numerous coagulation factors, and plasma transfusions are frequently administered to treat or prevent bleeding. This chapter reviews the available English-language randomized controlled trials, evidence-based practice guidelines, and observational studies relevant to establishing criteria for plasma transfusions in liver disease. The alternatives of pathogen-inactivated plasmas and recombinant factor VIIa were also reviewed from this perspective. In current guidelines, plasma transfusions are justified when haemostasis is needed for bleeding or invasive procedures, and the prothrombin time (PT) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is >1.5 times normal (mid-normal or, for PTT, sometimes upper limit). Conversion of the PT to the International Normalized Ratio has not been validated in liver disease. Solvent-detergent or methylene-blue treatments alter various clotting factors, which might affect efficacy in liver disease. Recombinant factor VIIa improves laboratory clotting measurements, but reduction of bleeding is less well established to date.
Total knee arthroplasty in a group of patients less than 45 years of age

The long-term follow-up evaluation of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients under age 45 is reviewed. One hundred three knees in 67 patients who had an average follow-up period of 7.2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-eight percent of the patients had rheumatoid arthritis, and 29% had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Thirteen percent of the patients had post-traumatic arthritis, avascular necrosis, hemochromatosis, or lupus. The results demonstrate that the success of TKA in this patient population are comparable to those for TKA in the elderly.
Isoprenoid hydrocarbons produced by thermal alteration of Nostoc muscorum and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides

The potential of algae and photosynthetic bacteria to serve as precursors of kerogen was studied to determine what factors affect the relative rates of formation of precursor hydrocarbons. Cells of Nostoc muscorum and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides were subjected to thermal alteration (by heating samples in glass tubes sealed under nitrogen) for two, four, and twelve weeks. Both unextracted and extracted cells in the absence and presence of montmorillonite were investigated, and the isoprenoid hydrocarbons produced in these experiments were determined. Phytane and five isomeric phytenes were the main hydrocarbons observed; their relative rates of formation in the different experimental conditions are described. No phytadienes, pristane, or pristenes were detected.
Pungenin; a glucoside found in leaves of Picea pungens (Colorado spruce).

A new crystalline glucoside named pungenin (m.p. 198–199 °C., , water) was isolated from leaves or leafy twigs of Picea pungens Engelm. collected during the winter months. It comprised about 5% of the dry weight. Hydrolysis of this glucoside gave 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone and D-glucose. Methylation of pungenin gave a crystalline pentamethyl ether (m.p. 97 °C.) which gave isoacetovanillone on hydrolysis, and was found to be identical with the methyl ether obtained by complete methylation of isoacetovanillone-β-D-glucopyranoside. Pungenin is thus 3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxyacetophenone, a monoglucoside of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone.
Enhanced plant nutrient use efficiency with PGPR and AMF in an integrated nutrient management system.

A 3 year field study was conducted with field corn from 2005 to 2007 to test the hypothesis that microbial inoc- ulants that increase plant growth and yield can enhance nutrient uptake, and thereby remove more nutrients, especially N, P, and K from the field as part of an integrated nutrient management system. The field trial evaluated microbial inoculants, which include a commercially available plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and their combination across 2 tillage systems (no-till and conventional till) and 2 fertilization regimes (poultry lit- ter and ammonium nitrate). Data were collected on plant height, yield (dry mass of ears and silage), and nutrient content of corn grain and silage. In addition, nutrient content of soil was determined, and bioavailability of soil nutrient was meas- ured with plant root simulator probes. Results showed that inoculants promoted plant growth and yield. For example, grain yields (kgha -1 ) in 2007 for inoculants were 7717 for AMF, 7260 for PGPR+AMF, 7313 for PGPR, 5725 for the control group, and for fertilizer were 7470 for poultry litter and 6537 for NH4NO3. Nitrogen content per gram of grain tissues was significantly enhanced in 2006 by inoculant, fertilizer, and their interactions. Significantly higher amounts of N, P, and K were removed from the plots with inoculants, based on total nutrient content of grain per plot. These results supported the overall hypothesis and indicate that application of inoculants can lead to reduction in the build up of N, P, and K in agri- cultural soils. Further studies should be conducted to combine microbial inoculants with reduced rates of fertilizer.
Lis1 is an initiation factor for dynein-driven organelle transport

The molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for most minus-end–directed, microtubule-based transport in eukaryotic cells. It is especially important in neurons, where defects in microtubule-based motility have been linked to neurological diseases. For example, lissencephaly is caused by mutations in the dynein-associated protein Lis1. In this paper, using the long, highly polarized hyphae of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, we show that three morphologically and functionally distinct dynein cargos showed transport defects in the genetic absence of Lis1/nudF, raising the possibility that Lis1 is ubiquitously used for dynein-based transport. Surprisingly, both dynein and its cargo moved at normal speeds in the absence of Lis1 but with reduced frequency. Moreover, Lis1, unlike dynein and dynactin, was absent from moving dynein cargos, further suggesting that Lis1 is not required for dynein-based cargo motility once it has commenced. Based on these observations, we propose that Lis1 has a general role in initiating dynein-driven motility.
Weighted wrist cuffs for tremor reduction during eating in adults with static brain lesions

Objective This study examined whether weighting the forearm during feeding decreased tremors and increased functional feeding in adults with intention tremor caused by static brain lesions. Method Five individuals with various diagnoses, ages 30-81, were videotaped during 8 or 16 meal sessions, alternating treatment and control conditions within each meal. In this single-case design, treatment consisted of application of a weighted fabric wrist cuff and the baseline (control) condition employed an identical cuff with the weights removed. Dependent variables studied were time to acquire and deliver a bite, grams of food eaten, number of times food was spilled, number of times a compensatory technique was used, participant self-rating, and investigator rating of the severity of the tremor. Results All five participants demonstrated improvement during treatment in one or more of the dependent variables. t Tests of the means of baseline and treatment half-sessions incorporating conservative control of Type I error revealed the following statistically significant improvements under the weighted condition: Participants 3, 4, and 5 took less time to acquire a bite; Participants 4 and 5 made fewer spills; Participants 3 and 5 showed a diminished tremor. There were no statistically significant decreases in function on any variable for any participants during the weighted condition. Conclusion The application of weight to the wrist of a person with upper-extremity tremor is accompanied by some functional improvement in self-feeding for some individuals. The size of benefit seems to be sensitive to the amount of weight used.
Use of social-skills training in the treatment of extreme anxiety and deficient verbal skills in the job-interview setting.

Abstract A 30-year-old recent college graduate, exhibiting extreme anxiety and deficient verbal skills in job interviews, was treated with a social-skills training procedure that included instructions, modelling, behavior rehearsal, and videotape feedback. Three target behaviors--focused responses, over coping statements, and subject-generated questions--were presented using a multiple-baseline design. Galvanic skin-response activity was monitored during pre- and posttraining in vivo job interviews. In addition, independent judges unobstrusively rated the subject's social-communicative behaviors in his temporary worksetting before and after training. Training resulted in expected changes for all three target behaviors and a decrease in the rate of speech disturbances. Physiological data supported the subject's report that training enabled him to deal with his anxiety more effectively during job interviews. Training was found to generalize to novel interview questions and different interviewers. Furthermore, unobtrusive measures of eye contact, fluency of speech, appropriateness of verbal content, and composure supported the subject's report that training generalized to his daily social interactions on the job.
High-Resolution Simulation of Shallow-to-Deep Convection Transition over Land

Results are presented from a high-resolution three-dimensional simulation of shallow-to-deep convection transition based on idealization of observations made during the Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (LBA) experiment in Amazonia, Brazil, during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-LBA mission on 23 February. The doubly periodic grid has 1536 1536 256 grid cells with horizontal grid spacing of 100 m, thus covering an area of 154 154 km 2 . The vertical resolution varies from 50 m in the boundary layer to 100 m in the free troposphere and gradually coarsens to 250 m near the domain top at 25.4 km. The length of the simulation is 6 h, starting from an early morning sounding corresponding to 0730 local time. Convection is forced by prescribed surface latent and sensible heat fluxes and prescribed horizontally uniform radiative heating Despite a considerable amount of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the range of 1600– 2400 J kg 1 , and despite virtually no convective inhibition (CIN) in the mean sounding throughout the simulation, the cumulus convection starts as shallow, gradually developing into congestus, and becomes deep only toward the end of simulation. Analysis shows that the reason is that the shallow clouds generated by the boundary layer turbulence are too small to penetrate deep into the troposphere, as they are quickly diluted by mixing with the environment. Precipitation and the associated cold pools are needed to generate thermals big enough to support the growth of deep clouds. This positive feedback involving precipitation is supported by a sensitivity experiment in which the cold pools are effectively eliminated by artificially switching off the evaporation of precipitation; in the experiment, the convection remains shallow throughout the entire simulation, with a few congestus but no deep clouds. The probability distribution function (PDF) of cloud size during the shallow, congestus, and deep phases is analyzed using a new method. During each of the three phases, the shallow clouds dominate the mode of the PDFs at about 1-km diameter. During the deep phase, the PDFs show cloud bases as wide as 4 km. Analysis of the joint PDFs of cloud size and in-cloud variables demonstrates that, as expected, the bigger clouds are far less diluted above their bases than their smaller counterparts. Also, thermodynamic properties at cloud bases are found to be nearly identical for all cloud sizes, with the moist static energy exceeding the mean value by as much as 4 kJ kg 1 . The width of the moist static energy distribution in the boundary layer is mostly due to variability of water vapor; therefore, clouds appear to grow from the air with the highest water vapor content available. No undiluted cloudy parcels are found near the level of neutral buoyancy. It appears that a simple entraining-plume model explains the entrainment rates rather well. The least diluted plumes in the simulation correspond to an entrainment parameter of about 0.1 km 1 .
Calyxocephalus karyopera g. nov., sp. nov. (Eugregarinorida: Actinocephalidae: Actinocephalinae) from the Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly Calopteryx maculata (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae) in Southeast Nebraska, U.S.A.: Implications for Mechanical Prey-Vector Stabilization of Exogenous Gregarine Development

Abstract Calyxocephalus karyopera g. nov., sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida: Actinocephalidae: Actinocephalinae) is described from the Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly Calopteryx maculata (Odonata: Zygoptera: Calopteryigidae) collected along Turkey Creek in Johnson County, Nebraska, U.S.A. Calyxocephalus gen. n. is distinguished by the form of the epimerite complex: a terminal thick disk or linearly crateriform sucker with a distal apopetalus calyx of petaloid lobes and a short intercalating diamerite (less than half of the total holdfast length). The epimerite complex is conspicuous until association and syzygy. Association occurs immediately before syzygy and is cephalolateral and biassociative. Gametocysts are spherical with a conspicuous hyaline coat. Lacking conspicuous sporoducts they dehisce by simple rupture. Oocysts are axially symmetric, hexagonal dipyramidic in shape with slight polar truncations, bearing 6 equatorial spines, 1 at each equatorial vertex and 6 terminal spines obliquely inserted a...
Absorption of Water-Soluble Vitamins and Minerals

The nine water-soluble vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, folate, biotin, and vitamins B 6 , B 12 , and C are a diverse group of organic compounds that are consumed in the daily diet in microgram to milligram amounts and are essential for normal growth, development, and maintenance of the human organism. These compounds are generally metabolized to forms that serve as coenzymes in various biochemical reactions; vitamin C is an exception, as it functions as an essential water-soluble antioxidant.
Teaching Conflict Management in Social Work

ABSTRACT Toward encouraging the teaching of conflict management knowledge and skills, the article integrates the theory and processes of conflict resolution with social systems perspectives and social work values. It sets forth basic definitions and mediation processes. It demonstrates the affinity of conflict management for several approaches to practice and its utility in different social work practice settings. The article also identifies challenges and strategies for teaching conflict management in social work. Finally, it recommends avenues for further development of conflict management within social work education identifying some research avenues and delineating course content.
Grandes objetivos civilizacionales

Partiendo de la crisis integral que vive el mundo, el texto alude al intento de establecer ciertos ‘objetivos civilizacionales’ o ‘ideas capitales’ a los que Estados, organizaciones e individuos deberian apuntar ante el juggernaut que se enfrenta. La exposicion se desglosa luego en objetivos relativos a los individuos, la convivencia, la cultura, la tecnica, la vida y las orientaciones valorativas, ofreciendo un panorama general, destinado a confrontar la perspectiva juridica con los sucesos que nos afectan. Se concluye con unas ‘adiciones’ que subrayan la compleja dificultad del tema, y consideran algunas posibles vias de accion de interes juridico.
When is cash good or bad for firm performance

Research summary: Cash can create shareholder value when used for adaptation to unfolding contingencies, but can also reduce value when appropriated by other stakeholders. We synthesize arguments from the behavioral theory of the firm, economic perspectives like agency theory, and the value-creation versus value-appropriation literatures to argue that the implications of cash for firm performance are context-specific. Cash is more beneficial for firms operating in highly competitive, research-intensive, or growth-focused industries that are typical of contexts requiring adaptation in the face of uncertainties. Conversely, cash is more detrimental to performance in firms that are poorly governed, diversified, or opaque, as are typical of contexts where stakeholder conflicts, information asymmetries, or power imbalances can encourage value appropriation by other stakeholders. Managerial summary: Cash can create shareholder value when used for adaptation to unfolding contingencies, but can also reduce value when appropriated by other stakeholders. While cash-rich firms have higher performance on average, with those in the 75th percentile having a market-to-book value 15 percent higher than those in the 25th percentile, we find that the performance benefits of cash depend on the context. Cash is more beneficial for firms operating in highly competitive, research-intensive, or growth-focused industries that are typical of contexts requiring adaptation in the face of uncertainties. Conversely, cash is more detrimental to performance in firms that are poorly governed, diversified, or opaque, as are typical of contexts where stakeholder conflicts, information asymmetries, or power imbalances can encourage value appropriation by other stakeholders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health behavior characteristics and all-cause mortality.

Objective To examine the potential dose–response relationship between four positive health characteristics (i.e., normal body mass index, physically active, healthy diet and non-smoker) and all-cause mortality.
The New American Political Party

To understand changes taking place within political parties we must work from a realistic theory, one that accepts these parties as office-seeking coalitions. On that premise I lay out three interacting sets of variables: 1) The structure of political opportunities, or the rules for office seeking and the ways they are treated, and 2) the party system, or the competitive relations among parties, define the expectations of politicians, and thus lead them to create 3) party organizations, or the collective efforts to gain and retain office. Hypotheses derived from the relations among these variables allow us to examine changes in American parties in the twentieth century. They explain why the Progressive era reforms, in tandem with the post-1896 party system, produced an uneven distribution of party organization and weak linkages among candidates and officeholders. The same theory also explains why changes taking place since the 1950s are producing greater organizational effort and stronger partisan links among candidates and officeholders.
Enabling Hybrid Parallel Runtimes Through Kernel and Virtualization Support

In our hybrid runtime (HRT) model, a parallel runtime system and the application are together transformed into a specialized OS kernel that operates entirely in kernel mode and can thus implement exactly its desired abstractions on top of fully privileged hardware access. We describe the design and implementation of two new tools that support the HRT model. The first, the Nautilus Aerokernel, is a kernel framework specifically designed to enable HRTs for x64 and Xeon Phi hardware. Aerokernel primitives are specialized for HRT creation and thus can operate much faster, up to two orders of magnitude faster, than related primitives in Linux. Aerokernel primitives also exhibit much lower variance in their performance, an important consideration for some forms of parallelism. We have realized several prototype HRTs, including one based on the Legion runtime, and we provide application macrobenchmark numbers for our Legion HRT. The second tool, the hybrid virtual machine (HVM), is an extension to the Palacios virtual machine monitor that allows a single virtual machine to simultaneously support a traditional OS and software stack alongside an HRT with specialized hardware access. The HRT can be booted in a time comparable to a Linux user process startup, and functions in the HRT, which operate over the user process's memory, can be invoked by the process with latencies not much higher than those of a function call.
Toxicology evaluation of realgar-containing Huang-Dai-Pian(HDP)as compared with arsenate in mice

Objective Huang-Dai Pian(HDP)is a realgar(As4S4)-containing Chinese medicine for hematological malignancies.Realgar is the main component but is often taken as arsenate for risk assessment.To evaluate true risk of realgar and HDP,acute toxicity was compared with arsenate in mice.Methods Mice were orally given HDP and equivalent dose of realgar(20 mg As/kg),sodium arsenate(10 mg As/kg),and acute toxicity and tissue arsenic content were determined.Results Arsenate increased serum ALT,AST and BUN levels,which is indicative of liver and kidney injury.Histopathology showed severe damage in arsenate-treated murine liver and kidney,while in HDP and realgar-treated animals,these lesions were mild or absent.And there was no elevation in serum biomarkers.Hepatic and renal arsenic contents were dramatically increased to 3 560 and 4 570 ng/g,respectively following arsenate administration,but only increased to 125 and 175 ng/g after HDP or realgar intake.Expressions of arsenic toxicity sensitive genes,namely metallothionein(MT-1 and MT-2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were significantly increased by arsenate,but only slightly increased by HDP and realgar.Conclusion HDP and realgar are much less acutely toxic than sodium arsenate.It may be inappropriate to use total arsenic content for evaluating the safety of realgar-containing traditional medicine such as HDP.
Avoiding divergent oscillation of cascode GaN device under high current turn-off condition

Cascode structure is widely used for high voltage normally-on GaN devices. However, the capacitance mismatch between the high voltage GaN device and the low voltage normally-off Si MOSFET may induce several undesired features, such as Si MOSFET reaches avalanche during turn-off, and high voltage GaN device loses ZVS turn-on condition internally during soft-switching turn-on process in every switching cycle. This paper presents another issue associated with the capacitance mismatch in the cascode GaN devices. Divergent oscillation could occur at high current turn-off condition, and eventually destroy the device. The intrinsic reason of this phenomenon is analyzed in detail in this paper. A simple solution is proposed by adding an additional capacitor whose position is critical and should be optimized. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis, and show that the proposed method improves device performance significantly under high current turn-off condition.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

There has been significant advance in our understanding of CJD and similar spongiform encephalopathies in recent years. The range in clinical expression of the disease is better appreciated, and the existence of “atypical” cases of CJD is increasingly recognized. New ideas about the possible modes of natural transmission have been derived from case-control studies in different parts of the world.