cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral manifestations of neuropsychological impairment in children with psychiatric disorders

The behavioral manifestations of neuropsychological impairment were examined in a sample of hospitalized boys with psychiatric disorders. The presence of neuropsychological deficits was found to be associated with more extensive behavior problems regardless of factors such as IQ, socioeconomic status, and whether there was a documented history of brain injury. However, the relationship applied specifically to younger as opposed to older subjects, and mainly involved internalizing rather than externalizing behavior problems. The results are taken to suggest that the behavioral manifestations of neuropsychological impairment may change with development.
Continuous infusion of low-dose 5-fluorouracil and radiation therapy for poor-prognosis squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Ten patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix metastatic to periaortic lymph nodes were treated with external-beam radiation therapy and synchronous infusion of intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy at doses of 350 mg/m2/day. The overall response rate was 90% with four complete responses (CR) and five partial responses (PR). The median duration of response was 11.8 months for CRs and 3.6 months for PRs. Toxicity was tolerable, with gastrointestinal symptoms and myelosuppression being noted most frequently. No patient experienced life-threatening toxicity. Median survival was 7.6 months, with only one patient being alive and free of disease at 2 years. In this pilot study we were unable to demonstrate a beneficial effect of continuous infusion of low doses of 5-FU chemotherapy concurrent with radiation therapy when compared to conventional radiotherapy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
Communication Concepts for Science and Environmental Communications.

(1973). Communication Concepts for Science and Environmental Communications. The Journal of Environmental Education: Vol. 5, The Media and the Message, pp. 58-62.
Interchangeable RNA polymerase I and II enhancers.

Abstract The RNA polymerase I (pol I) enhancer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains at least three elements commonly associated with RNA polymerase II (pol II) enhancers, binding sites for the transcriptional activators general regulatory factor 2 and autonomously replicating sequence-binding factor I, and a thymidine-rich element. When the particular form of the thymidine-rich element found in the pol I enhancer was placed in front of a pol II promoter, transcription was stimulated 43-fold, comparable to the effect of a powerful pol II activator such as Gal4. Conversely, when two copies of a thymidine-rich element from a pol II enhancer were placed upstream of a pol I promoter, transcription was stimulated 38-fold. This functional reciprocity of pol I and II enhancers may reflect similarities in the mechanisms of transcriptional activation. The pol I enhancer also contains an element that appears to be pol I-specific and prevent the activation of pol II.
A potential pitfall in 18O-based N-linked glycosylation site mapping

A common procedure for identifying N-linked glycosylation sites involves tryptic digestion of the glycoprotein, followed by the conversion of glycosylated asparagine residues into 18O-labeled aspartic acids by PNGase F digestion in 18O water. The 3 Da mass tag created by this process is readily observable by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis, and is often used to identify the sites of N-linked glycosylation. While using this procedure, we noticed that 60% of the asparagines identified as being glycosylated were not part of the consensus sequence required for N-linked glycosylation, and thus were not biologically possible. Investigation into the source of this unacceptably high false positive rate demonstrated that even after reversed-phase cleanup and heat denaturation, the trypsin used for proteolysis was still active and led to the incorporation of 18O into the C-termini of the peptides during the deglycosylation step. The resulting mass shift accounted for most of the false positive sites, as the database search algorithm confused it with an 18O-labeled Asp residue near the C-terminus of a peptide. This problem can be overcome by eliminating trypsin from the solution prior to performing the deglycosylation process, by resuspending the peptides in natural abundance water following deglycosylation, or by allowing 18O incorporation into the C-terminus as a variable modification during the database search. These methods have been demonstrated on a model protein, and are applicable to the analyses of glycoproteins that are digested with trypsin or another serine protease prior to enzymatic release of the carbohydrate side chains. This study should alert investigators in the field to this potential and unexpected pitfall and provide strategies to overcome this phenomenon. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrochlorothiazide‐Induced 131I Excretion Facilitated by Salt and Water

: Salt intake is restricted under clinical conditions for which thiazide diuretics are customarily used. Dietary iodide intake offsets any effect of thiazide on iodide loss. However, our correlation coefficients relating Na+ to Cl− to l− excretion indicate that as thiazide administration or sodium chloride intake increases renal Na+ and Cl− excretion, l− reabsorption by the nephron coordinately decreases. Increased sodium chloride and water intake by the dog doubled l−excretion rates. Hydrochlorothiazide increased the sodium chloride and water enhanced l−excretion rate as much as eight-fold. Without added NaCl, hydrochlorothiazide increased the excretion rate of 131I by three- to eightfold, acutely. Within five to seven days after 131I oral administration, hydrochlorothiazide (1 or 2 mg/kg twice daily) doubled the rate of 131I disappearance from plasma, reduced the fecal output of 131I, and increased its rate of renal excretion. When hydrochlorothiazide was administered, as much 131I was excreted in the first 24 hours as occurred in 48 hours when sodium chloride and water were given without hydrochlorothiazide. Thiazide administration in customary clinical dosage twice a day with substantial sodium chloride and water for the first two days after exposure to 131I, should therefore facilitate the safe excretion of 131I. This accelerated removal of 131I might be enhanced even more if thyroid uptake of 131I is blocked by administration of potassium iodide, as judged by the greater 131I recovery from thyroidectomized dogs.
Effects of Mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists on urinary output in mice

The effects of ethylketazocine, morphine, bremazocine and naloxone were determined on urinary output and weight loss in Cox mice. Morphine and fentanyl were also studied in Harlan mice. Bremazocine, ethylketazocine and morphine markedly increased urinary output and weight loss within 5 hr after injection. Naloxone antagonized the diuretic actions of morphine (5 mg/kg) and bremazocine (0.06 mg/kg) over a similar dose range (0.3--10 mg/kg). By comparison with the other agonists, fentanyl had little effect on urinary output or weight loss. These results suggest that kappa agonist activity increases urinary output in mice just as reported for rats. The data also suggest that in mice morphine has some kappa agonist activity, whereas fentanyl does not.
Anomalous inferior vena cava with azygous drainage: so-called absence of the inferior vena cava.

Abstract A case of “absent inferior vena cava” is described, associated with a dextroposed biloculate heart with pulmonary atresia and patent ductus arteriosus. Seven additional cases, with heart findings, from the literature are summarized, and attention is drawn to the diagnostic implications of this anomaly. This anomaly of the inferior vena cava is best described as anomalous inferior vena cava with azygous drainage.
THE ROLE OF RNA IN THE SYNTHESIS OF VACCINIA VIRUS.

Summary6-azauridine, an inhibitor of RNA metabolism, has been found to inhibit the synthesis of the DNA-containing vaccinia virus. The inhibition can be specifically removed by addition of uridine. The essential participation of RNA occurs early during the infectious sequence and is completed at about 6 hours after infection. Studies on vaccinial antigens and DNA production indicated that these biologic units are all dependent upon the production of this early RNA component.The author wishes to acknowledge the very capable technical assistance of Miss Marge Soergel.
Region-specific regulation of inflammation and pathogenesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Abstract Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis and is characterized by an infiltrate of predominately T cells and macrophages in the spinal cord and brain. In both the spinal cord and the cerebellum, Th1 cells direct inflammation to antigen-rich white matter tracts, and there is a TNFR1-dependent recruitment of CD11bhi cells in both regions. In the spinal cord, parenchymal invasion, demyelination and clinical symptoms are associated with TNFR1-dependant parenchymal induction (especially astrocytes) of VCAM-1 and CXCL2. None of these events occur in the cerebellum despite the fact that an inflammatory infiltrate accumulates in the perivascular space. Therefore regional specificity in astrocyte responses to inflammatory cytokines may regulate regional parenchymal infiltration and pathogenesis.
Development of a response surface model of aviation's air quality impacts in the United States

Abstract The air quality impacts of aviation are becoming increasingly important given their impact on human health and the projected growth of aviation. In the United States, the government has set targets to manage and reduce the environmental impacts of aviation. In an environmental policy assessment context it is often necessary to rapidly evaluate many possible scenarios, and quantification of uncertainty is important. This makes direct application of comprehensive air quality models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system impractical due to computational cost. Here we develop a response surface model (RSM) – a form of rapid surrogate model – of the impact of aviation emissions on air quality in the United States. We develop an RSM design space and populate it with results from 46 CMAQ simulations, and perform cross-validation of the resultant RSM. The RSM models present-day as well as future impacts amid changing population and non-aviation emissions sources. This enables rapid estimates of the (particulate matter) air quality and human health impacts of aviation emissions scenarios. Cross-couplings between precursor gaseous emissions and PM2.5 species are found, consistent with competition for atmospheric ammonia. We apply the RSM to quantify the human health benefits of emissions reductions in 2018. Using the RSM we estimate that in 2005, aviation landing and takeoff emissions cause ∼195 [90% CI: 80–340] early deaths, while the same emissions cause ∼350 [90% CI: 145–610] mortalities in 2018. An emissions tradespace between aviation NOx and SOx emissions is constructed. It is found that with fleet-wide desulfurization of jet fuel, a 35% reduction in aviation NOx emissions would result in maintaining the same level of aviation-attributable early deaths in 2018 relative to 2005 levels, while an 80% reduction in NOx emissions would half aviation-attributable early deaths.
Gel Matrix Influence on Hydrolysis of Triglycerides by Immobilized Lipases

The hydrolytic activities and specificities of gel-entrapped C. cylindracae lipase (CCL) and R. arrhizus lipase (RAL) toward olive oil and tributyrin were investigated. Lipases in hydrophobic gels with the longest chain lengths generally displayed highest activity. The optimal temperature was 30-35 o C for free and 37-40 o C for gel-entrapped lipases. The ratio of the activity on tributyrin to that of olive oil (expressed as T/O ratio), an indicator of substrate specificity, incresed from 0.3 for free lipases to 12.3±2.3 for CCL lipase in ENTP-2000-formed gel and 16.2±0.3 for RAL lipase in ENTP-4000-formed gel
Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park

Abstract Atmospheric concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg 0 ), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and particulate Hg (pHg) concentrations were measured in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), U.S.A. using high resolution, real time atmospheric mercury analyzers (Tekran 2537A, 1130, and 1135). A survey of Hg 0 concentrations at various locations within YNP showed that concentrations generally reflect global background concentrations of 1.5–2.0 ng m − 3 , but a few specific locations associated with concentrated geothermal activity showed distinctly elevated Hg 0 concentrations (about 9.0 ng m − 3 ). At the site of intensive study located centrally in YNP (Canyon Village), Hg 0 concentrations did not exceed 2.5 ng m − 3 ; concentrations of RGM were generally below detection limits of 0.88 pg m − 3 and never exceeded 5 pg m − 3 . Concentrations of pHg ranged from below detection limits to close to 30 pg m −3 . RGM and pHg concentrations were not correlated with any criteria gases (SO 2 , NO x , O 3 ); however pHg was weakly correlated with the concentration of atmospheric particles. We investigated three likely sources of Hg at the intensive monitoring site: numerous geothermal features scattered throughout YNP, re-suspended soils, and wildfires near or in YNP. We examined relationships between the chemical properties of aerosols (as measured using real time, single particle mass spectrometry; aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer; ATOFMS) and concentrations of atmospheric pHg. Based on the presence of particles with distinct chemical signatures of the wildfires, and the absence of signatures associated with the other sources, we concluded that wildfires in the park were the main source of aerosols and associated pHg to our sampling site.
‘Teaching while Black’: narratives of African American student affairs faculty

African American faculty have historically been underrepresented within predominantly white institutions (PWIs) and deal with academic isolation, marginalization of their scholarship, and racial hostility. Little is known about the experiences of African American faculty who teach in student affairs graduate programs. The purpose of this study was to focus on their experiences through examination and utilization of their personal counter‐narratives. This paper highlights the racial profiling that often shapes their experiences. We employ a qualitative critical race analysis that utilizes counterstorytelling as method to elucidate the experiences of the 13 African American faculty participants in our study.
Observation of Elevated Air Pollutant Concentrations in a Residential Neighborhood of Los Angeles California Using a Mobile Platform

Abstract We observed elevated air pollutant concentrations, especially of ultrafine particles (UFP), black carbon (BC) and NO, across the residential neighborhood of the Boyle Heights Community (BH) of Los Angeles, California. Using an electric vehicle mobile platform equipped with fast response instruments, real-time air pollutant concentrations were measured in BH in spring and summer of 2008. Pollutant concentrations varied significantly in the two seasons, on different days, and by time of day, with an overall average UFP concentration in the residential areas of ∼33 000 cm−3. The averaged UFP, BC, and NO concentrations measured on Soto St, a major surface street in BH, were 57 000 cm−3, 5.1 μg m−3, and 67 ppb, respectively. Concentrations of UFP across the residential areas in BH were nearly uniform spatially, in contrast to other areas in the greater metropolitan area of Los Angeles where UFP concentrations exhibit strong gradients downwind of roadways. We attribute this “UFP cloud” to high traffic volumes, including heavy duty diesel trucks on the freeways which surround and traverse BH, and substantial numbers of high-emitting vehicles (HEVs) on the surface streets traversing BH. Additionally, the high density of stop signs and lights and short block lengths, requiring frequent accelerations of vehicles, may contribute. The data also support a role for photochemical production of UFP in the afternoon. UFP concentration peaks (5 s average) of up to 9 million particles cm−3 were also observed immediately behind HEVs when they accelerated from stop lights in the BH neighborhood and areas immediately adjacent. Although encounters with HEV during mornings accounted for only about 6% and 17% of time spent monitoring residential areas and major surface streets, HEV contributed to about 28% and 53% of total ultrafine particles measured on the route, respectively. The observation of elevated pollutant concentrations across the Boyle Heights community highlights how multiple factors combine to create high pollutant levels, and has important human exposure assessment implications, including the potential utility of our data as inputs to epidemiological studies.
Primary Contextualization of Science Learning through Immersion in Content-Rich Settings

This paper reports on a study of primary contextualization processes during science immersion trips and the resultant student learning. Four High School Ecology classes (n = 67) and teachers participated. Through a pre-/post-assessment of science concept knowledge (Pathfinder Network Modeling) and follow-up interviews with students, it was determined that (1) significant learning was associated with these immersion experiences, though overcontextualization was problematic for some, (2) there was a positive interaction between degree of contextualization (primary vs. secondary) and degree of learning, and (3) key primary contextualization processes included the situating of knowledge in time and place as well as the collection of personalized visual or embodied evidence for science concepts. The study contributes to our understanding of contextualization in the learning process and has the potential to inform field, classroom, and virtual learning environments.
Failure to demonstrate transplacental transmission of parainfluenza-3 virus by inoculation of pregnant immune sheep

Abstract Seven ewes with circulating PI-3 serum neutralizing (SN) antibody were divided into 3 groups. Ewes in Group 1 which consisted of 4 ewes, were inoculated intratracheally, at midgestation with parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus isolated from an aborted bovine fetus. Four fetal lambs were removed surgically from 2 ewes in Group 1. These lambs were negative for precolostral PI-3 SN antibody and virus was not recovered from the tissues of the lambs. Two ewes in Group 1 did not deliver lambs. All ewes in Group 1 developed an increase in PI-3 SN antibody titers following inoculation. Two fetuses of the ewe in Group 2 were inoculated in utero with PI-3 virus. Both lambs were stillborn and had elevated precolostral PI-3 SN antibody titers. Virus was recovered from the tissues of 1 lamb. Group 3 consisted of 2 uninoculated ewes. All lambs born in Group 3 had negative precolostral PI-3 SN antibody titers and virus was not isolated from the fetal tissues. Pregnant immune sheep inoculated with virulent PI-3 virus resist transplacental transmission of virus.
Interference of PR-bound RNA Polymerase with Open Complex Formation at PRM Is Relieved by a 10-Base Pair Deletion between the Two Promoters

Abstract Bacteriophage λ promoters PR and PRM direct RNA synthesis in divergent orientations from start sites 82 base pairs apart. We had previously determined that the presence on the same DNA fragment of a wild type PR promoter interfered with the utilization of the PRM promoter. The results reported here concern the effects of changing the distance between the start sites by insertion or deletion of 5 or 10 base pairs. Three different techniques (run-off transcription, gel mobility shift, and permanganate probing) were employed to monitor complex formation at PRM. Unexpectedly we find that deletion of 10 base pairs between the start sites abolishes the interference, whereas insertion of 10 base pairs does not. Deletion of 5 base pairs, however, essentially prevents joint complex formation at PR and PRM. These findings suggest several ways in which for the wild type separation of the two promoters the utilization of PRM could be affected by an RNA polymerase at PR. In addition to direct steric interference, these include the obstruction of access to DNA sites necessary for optimal contact with the RNA polymerase.
RecA433 cells are defective in recF-mediated processing of disrupted replication forks but retain recBCD-mediated functions.

Abstract RecA is required for recombinational processes and cell survival following UV-induced DNA damage. recA433 is a historically important mutant allele that contains a single amino acid substitution (R243H). This mutation separates the recombination and survival functions of RecA. recA433 mutants remain proficient in recombination as measured by conjugation or transduction, but are hypersensitive to UV-induced DNA damage. The cellular functions carried out by RecA require either recF pathway proteins or recBC pathway proteins to initiate RecA-loading onto the appropriate DNA substrates. In this study, we characterized the ability of recA433 to carry out functions associated with either the recF pathway or recBC pathway. We show that several phenotypic deficiencies exhibited by recA433 mutants are similar to recF mutants but distinct from recBC mutants. In contrast to recBC mutants, recA433 and recF mutants fail to process or resume replication following disruption by UV-induced DNA damage. However, recA433 and recF mutants remain proficient in conjugational recombination and are resistant to formaldehyde-induced protein–DNA crosslinks, functions that are impaired in recBC mutants. The results are consistent with a model in which the recA433 mutation selectively impairs RecA functions associated with the RecF pathway, while retaining the ability to carry out RecBCD pathway-mediated functions. These results are discussed in the context of the recF and recBC pathways and the potential substrates utilized in each case.
Water and Nonwater-related Challenges of Achieving Global Sanitation Coverage

Improved sanitation is considered equally important for public health as is access to improved drinking water. However, the world has been slower to meet the challenge of sanitation provision for the world's poor. We analyze previously cited barriers to sanitation coverage including inadequate investment poor or nonexistent policies, governance, too few resources, gender disparities, and water availability. Analysis includes investigation of correlation between indicators of the mentioned barriers and sanitation coverage, correlations among the indicators themselves, and a geospatial assessment of the potential impacts of sanitation technology on global water resources under six scenarios of sanitation technology choice. The challenges studied were found to be significant barriers to sanitation coverage, but water availability was not a primary obstacle at a global scale. Analysis at a 0.5 degrees grid scale shows, however, that water availability is an important barrier to as many as 46 million people, depending on the sanitation technology selected. The majority of these people are urban dwellers in countries where water quality is already poor and may be further degraded by sewering vast populations. Water quality is especially important because this vulnerable population primarily resides in locations that depend on environmental income associated with fish consumption.
Electronic and vibrational properties of framework-substituted type-II silicon clathrates

Framework substitution has not been widely reported among the type-II group-IV clathrates. We have performed a theoretical study of the ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$ clathrates, using the local-density approximation (LDA) to density-functional theory. In ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$ and ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$, eight Si atoms are substituted by Ga at the $8a$ crystallographic sites of the framework. We predict that both ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$ and ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$ are semiconductors with LDA indirect band gaps in the range of $0.73--0.77\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. Similar substitution with Ge (instead of Ga) rendered the materials metallic. We have compared the electronic and vibrational properties of these Ga-substituted materials with those of the partially filled ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{136}$ and completely filled ${\mathrm{Na}}_{16}{\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{136}$ clathrates. The phonon-dispersion curves show low-frequency guest ``rattling'' modes for each material. We have used these results to estimate the temperature-dependent values of the isotropic mean-square displacement amplitude $({U}_{\mathrm{iso}})$ for the various guest atoms in ${\mathrm{Na}}_{16}{\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{136}$, ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$, and ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$. Our estimates for Na and Rb in ${\mathrm{Na}}_{16}{\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{136}$ are in good agreement with experiment. We predict that the Rb guests will have low-frequency vibrational modes and higher values of ${U}_{\mathrm{iso}}$ than the Cs guests. The large values of ${U}_{\mathrm{iso}}$, the localized low-frequency modes, and the semiconducting properties of ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{8}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{8}{\mathrm{Si}}_{128}$ indicate that this type of framework-substituted type-II clathrate may be potentially useful for thermoelectric applications.
Dynamic Palmitoylation Links Cytosol-Membrane Shuttling of Acyl-protein Thioesterase-1 and Acyl-protein Thioesterase-2 with That of Proto-oncogene H-Ras Product and Growth-associated Protein-43 *

Acyl-protein thioesterase-1 (APT1) and APT2 are cytosolic enzymes that catalyze depalmitoylation of membrane-anchored, palmitoylated H-Ras and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), respectively. However, the mechanism(s) of cytosol-membrane shuttling of APT1 and APT2, required for depalmitoylating their substrates H-Ras and GAP-43, respectively, remained largely unknown. Here, we report that both APT1 and APT2 undergo palmitoylation on Cys-2. Moreover, blocking palmitoylation adversely affects membrane localization of both APT1 and APT2 and that of their substrates. We also demonstrate that APT1 not only catalyzes its own depalmitoylation but also that of APT2 promoting dynamic palmitoylation (palmitoylation-depalmitoylation) of both thioesterases. Furthermore, shRNA suppression of APT1 expression or inhibition of its thioesterase activity by palmostatin B markedly increased membrane localization of APT2, and shRNA suppression of APT2 had virtually no effect on membrane localization of APT1. In addition, mutagenesis of the active site Ser residue to Ala (S119A), which renders catalytic inactivation of APT1, also increased its membrane localization. Taken together, our findings provide insight into a novel mechanism by which dynamic palmitoylation links cytosol-membrane trafficking of APT1 and APT2 with that of their substrates, facilitating steady-state membrane localization and function of both.
Dynamic scattering factor for labeled molecules of a gaussian chain

The dynamic scattering factor for labeled molecules for a gaussian polymer chain with preaveraged hydrodynamic interactions is calculated with the aid of a renormalization-group method. We find that the gaussian approximation of conformation-variables is valid to the lowest nontrivial order. The crossover behavior for the critical to the hydrodynamic regime is illustrated.
Digital-IF WCDMA handset transmitter IC in 0.25 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS

Implemented in a 0.25-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process, a highly integrated low-power transmitter IC (TxIC) is developed for wideband code-division multiple-access handset applications. Based on a digital-IF heterodyne architecture, it eliminates the external IF surface acoustic wave filter by adopting a meticulous frequency plan and a special-purpose second-order-hold D/A conversion scheme. The TxIC features a low-power high-speed D/A converter designed to drive a dominantly capacitive load. For the upconversion mixer and the RF amplifier, adaptive biases are designed to minimize the quiescent power consumption and to provide current boost only when needed. The TxIC achieves <1% EVM. It consumes 180 mW (3-V supply) for the maximum output power of +5 dBm and reduces to 120 mW during power backoff.
N-Vinylation of heteroaromatic O-trimethylsilyl lactims☆

Abstract By combining the Hilbert-Johnson and vinylester interchange reactions, a new hybrid reaction has been developed for the convenient synthesis of N-vinylpyrimidinone and N-vinylpyridone monomers. The appropriate O-trimethylsilyl heteroaromatic lactims when heated with vinyl acetate and catalytic amounts of both mercuric acetate and sulfuric acid afforded 1-vinyluracil, 1-vinyl-2-pyridone, 1-vinyl-4-pyridone, and N-acetyl-1-vinylcytosine respectively. The relative reactivity was found to decrease with the estimated decrease in the pKa's of the heteroaromatic lactims. 2-Ethoxypyridine did not react. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed.
TU‐C‐AUD‐08: A Web‐Based and Database‐Centric Radiotherapy Treatment Plan Review and Reporting System

Purpose: The typical current treatment plan approval process is to assemble the planner and the reviewing physician at the planning workstation and review the plan using the planning software system. We are developing a new web‐based and database‐centric tool to address these problems, called WEBTREV (Web‐based TReatment EValuation). Method: WEBTREV utilizes several development tools, including the object oriented web development platform Ruby‐on‐Rails (ROR), the open‐source database MySQL, and CERR, the Matlab‐based open‐source treatment planning research system. CERR is used to extract DICOM‐RT data from planning systems and to generate customized views and reports. The corresponding extracted plan images and plan evaluation parameters are stored in the MySQL database. Ruby‐on‐Rails dynamically defines views and serves data over web pages via the Apache web‐server system. Results: The resulting workflow is: A dosimetrist uses a secure login via ROR at the planning system to push DICOM to a receiver where CERR is used to generate static images of overlaid scans, doses, and structures. As soon as this process is complete, ROR sends an e‐mail to the dosimetrist to confirm the upload. Once confirmed, a physician can log into a personal database work queue and select the patient to review. The dynamic webpage contains standard views of slices and structures, as well as dose‐volume‐histogram data and customized reports giving plan metric values (e.g., D95 and minimum dose to target volumes). Approval or a request for further modifications is transmitted back to the dosimetrist, who may view comments linked to graphics. Conclusions: WEBTREV provides a promising platform for reviewing treatment planning data remotely. This framework provides a tool for generating consistent representations and reports of dose characteristics, images, and structure data, as well as plan evaluation parameters, across different planning systems.
KIWI Ground Test Neutronics Instrumentation

Emphasis is placed on some unusual requirements for the reactor neutron power instrumentation for a rocket propulsion reactor. These are; 1) the requirement for accurate, fast automatic control over a dynamic range of many decades, 2) the unusual difficulties involved in detector location, 3) the requirement for absolute calibration prior to any chance of obtaining thermal power data. The first and third of these result from the fast startup requirement, the second from the light weight of the reactor. The instrumentation used at the Nevada Test Site is discussed in relation to these problems.
Detecting and Visualizing Filter Bubbles in Google and Bing

Despite the pervasiveness of search engines, most users know little about the implications of search engine algorithms and are unaware of how they work. People using web search engines assume that search results are unbiased and neutral. Filter bubbles, or personalized results, could lead to polarizing effects across populations, which could create divisions in society. This preliminary work explores whether the filter bubble can be measured and described and is an initial investigation towards the larger goal of identifying how non-search experts might understand how the filter bubble impacts their search results.
No Solution with a gap for a veto game

This paper shows that any von Neumann-Morgenstern solution (stable set) for the 4-person veto game, in which any coalition of three or more players and contains the 4th player is a winning coalition, has a nonempty intersection with the simplexx4=0.
Consultations After Elimination of Payments for Evaluation and Management Consultation Codes

A consultation service provides expert opinion or advice at the request of another provider. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) eliminated reimbursement for the outpatient and inpatient consultation codes traditionally used to report these services (CPT 99241-99245 and 99251-99255, respectively), and private payers are likely to follow suit. CMS has instead mandated that these services are mapped to new or established visit codes for outpatients (99201-99205 or 99212-99215) and to initial or subsequent hospital services codes for inpatients (99221-99223 or 99231-99233). This article reviews appropriate medical consultation and provides specific guidance for the reporting of these services to CMS and other payers not reimbursing consultation codes.
Inter-Country Exchange Rates and Intra-Firm Trade Flow Within Global Network of Multinational Corporations

This study examines how effectively multinational corporations (MNCs) respond to changing external environments by intra-firm shifts of products under the influence of divergent currency changes among countries. We test main hypotheses using a panel dataset of Korean FDI and feasible generalized least square model on STATA 10. We find that more counterpart affiliates with opposite directional exchange rate change, lower transportation costs of product shipping, lower labor cost growth rates, and higher portfolio ownership control are positively associated with the subsidiary’ intra-firm sales. By examining the actual mechanisms whereby MNCs can realize operational flexibility through intra-firm trade among their foreign subsidiaries, this study extends the multinational operational flexibility literature. We show that the magnitude of intra-firm trades within the MNC’s subsidiary network reflects the level of its operational flexibility.
Estrogen-induced increase in phosphohexose isomerase activity in the rat uterus

Abstract The effects of administration of estradiol-17β on the activity of phosphohexose isomerase have been studied in the rat uterus. In ovariectomized rats, the activity of uterine phosphohexose isomerase was decreased to 49 per cent when compared to that of normal, unoperated rats. A single injection of estradiol-17β caused a marked increase in the enzyme activity which was detectable in 4 hours (153 per cent) and reached a maximum level (246 per cent) 16 hours after administration of the hormone. Dose-response studies indicated that 0.50 μ g. of estradiol 100 Gm. was sufficient to induce a statistically significant increase in uterine phosphohexose isomerase activity (158 per cent). Enzyme activity was maximally elevated to 278 per cent with the 20 μ g . 100 Gm. dose. Treatment of estradiol injected rats with actinomycin, puromycin or ethionine, inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, completely blocked the estradiol-induced increase in the activity of uterine phosphohexose isomerase. Methionine, given concurrently with ethionine caused a complete reversal of ethionine inhibition of estradiol-induced rise in phosphohexose isomerase activity. The results suggest that the estradiol-induced increase in uterine phosphohexose isomerase activity represents enzyme biosynthesis de novo. The data are discussed in the light of current views regarding biochemical mechanisms underlying estrogenic action in the rat uterus.
Neuroleptic-like effects of γ-hydroxybutyrate: interactions with haloperidol and dizocilpine

gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a drug of abuse with multiple mechanisms of action. Consistent with its ability to modulate dopaminergic systems, GHB reportedly shares behavioral effects with neuroleptics and interacts with them in a synergistic manner. Here, we examined the ability of GHB and haloperidol to induce catalepsy and to affect operant responding. When given alone, both compounds induced catalepsy and decreased response rate. When given together, however, they produced these effects in an additive manner. This is further evidence that GHB has neuroleptic-like effects, but suggests that GHB interacts additively, not synergistically, with neuroleptics. The mechanisms involved in GHB- and haloperidol-induced catalepsy are different because the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, dizocilpine (MK-801), attenuated the cataleptic effects of haloperidol, but enhanced those of GHB. The latter finding suggests that other NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., the drugs of abuse--phencyclidine and ketamine) may also interact synergistically with GHB.
Constructing event trees for volcanic crises

Event trees are useful frameworks for discussing probabilities of possible outcomes of volcanic unrest. Each branch of the tree leads from a necessary prior event to a more specific outcome, e.g., from an eruption to a pyroclastic flow. Where volcanic processes are poorly understood, probability estimates might be purely empirical – utilizing observations of past and current activity and an assumption that the future will mimic the past or follow a present trend. If processes are better understood, probabilities might be estimated from a theoretical model, either subjectively or by numerical simulations. Use of Bayes' theorem aids in the estimation of how fresh unrest raises (or lowers) the probabilities of eruptions. Use of event trees during volcanic crises can help volcanologists to critically review their analysis of hazard, and help officials and individuals to compare volcanic risks with more familiar risks. Trees also emphasize the inherently probabilistic nature of volcano forecasts, with multiple possible outcomes.
AN ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION PROBE FOR MEASURING PARTICLE VELOCITY IN SUSPENSION FLOW

ABSTRACT A probe for measuring particle velocity in pipe flow of a gas-solid suspension has been developed. A solid particle such as a 100 µm latex particle in suspension typically carries an electrostatic charge of say 10-13 Coulomb via charge separation by surface contacts in normal handling. The tubular cylindrical probe makes use of the principle of electrostatic induction by a charged solid particle during its passage. This probe, which is insulated from ground by a teflon sleeve, converts the induced charge to voltage signals of sharp rise as the charged particle enters and a steep dip in voltage as it departs from the cylinder. Between the entering peak and the later dip at departure, the time of flight of the particle through the probe can be accurately measured and hence the particle velocity.
Modeling demand structure using scanner data: Implications for salmon enhancement policies

In analyzing demand structures, one is often forced to overlook the possibility of instability of parameters, due to a lack of appropriate data. This article utilizes panel data consisting of scanner (Universal Product Code) data to estimate a random coefficient model which allows testing the stability of canned salmon demand across 34 US cities from 1988 through 1992. The results provide marketing strategies for the industry and implications for publicly funded salmon enhancement policies. [Econ-Lit citations: Q22, L66, D61] © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Survey study finds Austrian population to be under-informed about dental implants and that the majority of people surveyed would accept implant therapy even though they found them to be too expensive

Original Articles Tepper G, Haas R, Mailath G, Teller C, Zechner W, Watzak G, et al. Representative marketing-oriented study on implants in the Austrian population. I. Level of information, sources of information and need for patient information. Clin Oral Impl Res 2003;14:621-33. Tepper G, Haas R, Mailath G, Teller C, Bernhart T, Monov G, et al. Representative marketing-oriented study on implants in the Austrian population. II. Implant acceptance, patient-perceived cost and patient satisfaction. Clin Oral Impl Res 2003;14:634-42. Level of Evidence N/A Purpose Part I, to present the data on dental implant knowledge, sources of information, and need for patient information regarding dental implants in Austria Part II, to present the data on implant acceptance, patient-perceived cost, and patient satisfaction in Austria Source of Funding Industry: Nobel Biocare, Austria; Friadant-Schuetze, Austria; Degussa Dental, Austria GmbH; Straumann GmbH, Austria Type of Study/Design Representative survey by pre-stratified multi-tiered cluster sampling
ANTAGONISM OF CERTAIN ELEMENTS ESSENTIAL TO PLANTS TOWARD CHEMICALLY RELATED TOXIC ELEMENTS.

The hypothesis developed to explain the quantitative aspects of selenate-sulfate antagonism was based on the assumption of unselective absorption and utilization of the two ions by virtue of their chemical similarity. The idea subsequently received support from plant analyses showing that the amount of selenium taken into the tissues of certain plants parallels that of sulfur, as though selenium absorption were determined by the sulfur requirement of the species. Arsenate toxicity is a function of phosphate availability, rubidium toxicity of potassium availability, and strontium toxicity of calcium availability. In view of the small number of pairs that can be selected on such a basis, positive results with all three are highly suggestive of the validity of the basic assumption. The present paper presents the experimental evidence on which these relationships were based.
Supersaturation and expansion ratios in condensation nuclei counters: an historical perspective

Abstract A review of the development of the science of counting condensation nuclei with emphasis on the Nolan-Pollak counter is presented from John Aitken's original work to the present. The concept of supersaturation and its relationship to the counting of nuclei is investigated. Published expansion and supersaturation ratios are compared for several instruments used today and in the past, and a consistent method of calculating supersaturation is presented.
Should a Routine Metastatic Workup Be Performed for all Patients with Pathologic N2/N3 Breast Cancer?

Background Node-positive breast cancer patients are at risk for metastatic disease. A routine metastatic workup might or might not be necessary for all patients with N2 or N3 diseases. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend a metastatic workup for patients with T3N1 disease, yet no definitive recommendations are made for N2/N3 diseases. We hypothesized that for patients with operable pathologic N2/N3 diseases, a metastatic workup should only be considered for patients with T3/T4 lesions. Study Design Two hundred and fifty-six patients with pathologic N2/N3 diseases were identified from a prospective breast cancer database of 1,329 patients with stage 0 to III breast cancer. A metastatic workup included chest x-rays, bone scans, CT scans, and PET scans. Primary end point was incidence of stage IV disease at the time of diagnosis or within 1 month of definitive surgery. Statistical analysis included chi-square test, independent t- test, Kaplan-Meier Survival method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard model. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were 158 patients with N2 disease (62%) and 98 with N3 disease (38%). Overall, 16% had stage IV disease (N2 = 15%, N3=16%). There was no significant difference in age (p = 0.37), tumor size (p = 0.89), tumor grade (p = 0.09), estrogen-receptor status (p = 0.23), or progesterone-receptor status (p = 0.35) between the N2 and N3 groups. Incidences of stage IV disease were T0/T1, 0%; T2, 6%; T3, 22%; and T4, 36%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only T stage (p = 0.0006) and grade (p = 0.026) were independent predictors of overall survival. Conclusions A metastatic workup is only indicated for N2/N3 patients with T3 or T4 primary lesions.
Processor capacity reserves: operating system support for multimedia applications

Multimedia applications have timing requirements that cannot generally be satisfied using the time-sharing scheduling algorithms of general purpose operating systems. The authors provide the predictability of real-time systems while retaining the flexibility of a time-sharing system. They designed a processor capacity reservation mechanism that isolates programs from the timing and execution characteristics of other programs in the same way that a memory protection system isolates them from outside memory accesses. In the paper, they describe a scheduling framework that supports reservation and admission control, and introduce a novel reserve abstraction, specifically designed for the microkernel architecture, for measuring and controlling processor usage. The authors have implemented processor capacity reserves in Real-Time Mach, and they describe the performance of their system on several types of applications. >
Myth: blood transfusion is effective for sickle cell anemia-associated priapism.

Objective Priapism is a recognized complication of sickle cell anemia (SCA). When initial conventional treatments fail, simple or exchange blood transfusion has been advocated as a secondary intervention. However, recent literature suggests this may not be an effective therapy and may have significant neurologic sequelae. This paper reviews and summarizes the effectiveness and risks of blood transfusion compared with conventional priapism therapy. Methods All relevant papers identified from a MEDLINE search were systematically examined for data related to the use of blood transfusion in the setting of priapism due to SCA. The effectiveness of conventional therapy was compared with transfusion therapy using the outcome of "time to detumescence" (TTD). In addition, papers documenting adverse neurologic sequela were reviewed and summarized. Results Forty-two case reports were identified containing complete information with regard to patient age and TTD. The mean TTD was 8.0 days with conventional therapy (n = 16) and 10.8 days with blood transfusion therapy (n = 26). Adverse neurologic sequelae from blood transfusion therapy was described in 9 cases, with long term outcomes ranging from complete resolution to severe residual deficits. Conclusion The current literature does not support the contention that blood transfusion is an effective therapy in the treatment of priapism due to SCA, as defined by an acceleration of TTD. In fact, numerous reports suggest that serious neurologic sequelae may result from this treatment. We feel the routine use of this therapy cannot be recommended.
Characterization of thiocarbonyl ylides in the reaction of triplet carbenes with thioketones

Abstract The reactions of fluorenylidene and diphenyl carbene with di- tert -butylthioketone and adamantanethione lead to the rapid formation of strongly absorbing, long-lived ylides.