cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calibration of oscillator-strength measurements for the principal-series transitions of potassium

Oscillator-strength measurements have been calibrated against the radiative lifetime for the 4s-4p transition of potassium. This yields a value of (8.1 + or - 0.5) times 10 to the -21 sq cm for the photoionization cross section at the series limit, and implies a value for the cross-section minimum in good quantitative agreement with that calculated by Seaton (1951).
Evidence for opiate-dopamine cross-sensitization in nucleus accumbens: Studies of conditioned reward

We investigated opiate-amphetamine interactions within the nucleus accumbens in responding for conditioned reward. Separate groups of animals received 4-day intra-accumbens treatment with either saline, morphine (0.5 microgram/0.5 microliter), [D-Ala2 NMe-Phe4 Gly-ol5]-Enkephalin (DAMGO; 1.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter), or [D-Pen2,5]-Enkephalin (DPEN; 2.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter). One two subsequent test days, these rats were given a challenge of d-amphetamine (2.0 and 10.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter) and responding for conditioned reward was measured. In the conditioned reinforcement (CR) procedure, food-deprived animals were trained in an initial phase to associate a food reward (primary reinforcement) with a compound stimulus (light/click). In the next phase, a lever was introduced and responding on the lever produced the compound stimulus alone (secondary reinforcement). Previous evidence shows that psychostimulants but not opiates markedly potentiate responding for conditioned reward. In the present design, animals previously treated with either morphine or DAMGO (preferential mu agonists) showed potentiated lever responding following amphetamine challenges, relative to either DPEN- or saline-treated animals. These findings show that prior exposure of nucleus accumbens neurons to mu-selective opiates induces sensitization to the effects of amphetamine. The results are discussed in terms of opioid effects on dopamine transmission and second messenger systems.
Managing the bottom line: risk management in policing

Purpose – To present qualitative data illustrating how some of the largest law enforcement agencies in the USA use risk management in their efforts to control police liability.Design/methodology/approach – To explore this topic, two main data sources were utilized: telephone interviews with 354 law enforcement agencies identified the prevalence of the use of risk management by police agencies; and survey data from police agencies provided descriptive information about the roles, duties, and placement of risk managers within each police organization.Findings – Telephone interviews revealed that 14 of the 354 (0.039 percent) law enforcement agencies identified risk management as one of several tools they use to control police‐related liability within their organizations. This finding is surprising, given the increase in costs associated with settlements/payouts for police‐involved litigation and liability claims over the past few decades.Research limitations/implications – Future research should identify th...
Major depressive disorder and insulin resistance in nondiabetic young adults in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002.

Objective: The association between depression and insulin resistance has been evaluated in previous studies with conflicting results. This study aimed to explore the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and insulin resistance among nondiabetic young adult men and women in the United States. Method: Analyses of cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999—2002, were conducted. The nationally representative sample consisted of 279 men and 358 women aged 20—39 years. MDD was determined by the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Insulin resistance was measured by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. Results: Of 637 subjects, 16 men and 18 women had MDD (weighted percentage = 6.6%, SE = 1.2). Using logistic regression, no significant association was found between MDD and insulin resistance among the nondiabetic young adults in bivariate analysis (β = -0.01, OR = 0.99, 95% CI = [0.38, 2.57], p = .98). A sig...
A micropatterned microfluidic device for engineering soluble and tethered environmental cues in cell culture

We report a facile technique to integrate micropatterns of any shape within microfluidic devices. The technique involves protecting the region of a glass surface printed with micropatterns during plasma treatment, allowing the unprotected regions to be bonded to PDMS. In this manner, the micropatterned region is incorporated within a PDMS-based microfluidic device. Using a gradient-generating microfluidic device, we show that micropatterns of complex shapes can be aligned to spatial gradients in a soluble factor.
Response-mode shifts during sequence learning of macaque monkeys

Incidental sequence learning has been conceptualized as involving a shift from stimulus-based to plan-based performance (e.g., Tubauet et al. in Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 136:43–63, 2007). We analyzed the response time (RT) data of two macaque monkeys that were trained for thousands of trials on a sequential reaching task in a study by Matsuzaka et al. in Journal of Neurophysiology 97, 1819–1832 (2007). The animals learned to respond predictively to a repeating 3-element sequence. During a transitional period, RT distributions were bimodal, indicating that the animals alternated between two processing modes. An analysis of trial-to-trial mode shifting probabilities provided preliminary evidence for a strategic process.
Phases, pentads, and dramatistic critical process

This essay examines dramatistic criticism as a dialectical process. It argues that dramatistic symbolic theory establishes three criteria for evaluating critical action and that dramatistic criticism involves three necessary and mutually corrective phases of analysis, only one of which involves pentadic relationships.
Vapor bubble departure in forced convection boiling

Abstract A forced convection boiling facility has been fabricated in which vapor bubble departure can be investigated. It has been observed that once a vapor bubble departs from its nucleation site, it typically slides along the heating surface and lifts off at some finite distance downstream. The probability density functions (pdfs) for bubble departure diameter, d , have been obtained for mass flux, C , ranging from 112 to 287 kg m −2 s −1 and heat flux, q w , ranging from 11.0 to 26.0 kW m −2 . The data indicate a systematic dependence of d on G and q w . A detailed analysis of various forces acting on the bubble is presented and is used to predict the mean departure diameter. The onset of imbalance between the quasi-steady drag, the unsteady component of the drag due to asymmetrical bubble growth, and the surface tension force in the flow direction is used as a criterion for departure and yields satisfactory agreement between the measured and predicted values of the mean departure diameter. The analytical prediction shows a strong influence of mean liquid velocity and wall superheat on the bubble departure diameter. At the point of departure the surface tension force in the flow direction is generally small.
Monte Carlo methods in an introductory electromagnetic course

Although the pedagogical value of introducing numerical methods such as finite-element methods, finite-difference methods, and moment methods in an introductory electromagnetics (EM) course has been recognized, no similar attempt has been made to introduce Monte Carlo methods. An attempt is made to fill this gap by presenting Monte Carlo procedures in simple terms that can be presented in an introductory EM course. The statistical method is specifically applied to potential problems. Typical illustrative examples are provided. >
The Neurobiology of Decision: Consensus and Controversy

We review and synthesize recent neurophysiological studies of decision making in humans and nonhuman primates. From these studies, the basic outline of the neurobiological mechanism for primate choice is beginning to emerge. The identified mechanism is now known to include a multicomponent valuation stage, implemented in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and associated parts of striatum, and a choice stage, implemented in lateral prefrontal and parietal areas. Neurobiological studies of decision making are beginning to enhance our understanding of economic and social behavior as well as our understanding of significant health disorders where people's behavior plays a key role.
The Role of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy in Diffuse Pulmonary Disease

Abstract Forty consecutive patients underwent flexible fiberoptic transbronchial lung biopsy for diagnosis of diffuse nodular or infiltrative lung disease. Biplane fluoroscopic examination with image intensification greatly facilitated accurate placement of the biopsy forceps near the pleura. Specimens of lung parenchyma were obtained for culture and histological study in every case. A pathological diagnosis was correctly established in 34 of 40 patients. Transbronchial biopsy was helpful in the clinical management of an additional 4 patients. Biopsy results were not accurate in 2 patients. No significant morbidity was associated with the procedure. Fiberoptic transbronchial lung biopsy is a safe and useful adjunct to the diagnosis of parenchymal lung disease.
Receptor-targeted co-transport of DNA and magnetic resonance contrast agents.

Background: Ligand molecules conjugated to polylysine can be electrostatically bound to DNA and can bind receptors or antigens on the surface of cells, delivering the DNA into specific cells and tissues. Several researchers have used this approach to generate non-viral vehicles for the efficient delivery of DNA to specific cells. We have attempted to adopt this general approach to the cell-specific delivery of magnetic contrast agents for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: We have synthesized a new class of agents capable of both transfecting genes into cells and enhancing the contrast of the targeted cells for MRI. DNA is used both to encode a marker gene and as a molecular scaffold, which electrostatically binds polylysine conjugated to transferrin, an iron uptake protein, and polylysine modified with gadolinium chelated to diethylenetriaminepetaacetic acid. When cells displaying the transferrin receptor are treated with these particles, high levels of gene expression are observed, higher than with control particles composed only of transferrin, polylysine and DNA. The treated cells show specific MRI contrast enhancement, which did not require expression of the marker gene. Conclusions: The development of this class of particles permits the use of novel protocols by which genes for genetic therapy and agents for MRI contrast are cotransported. These protocols may allow non-invasive MRI monitoring of DNA delivery for gene therapy in real time.
Curiosity‐exploration‐play‐creativity: The early childhood mosaic

In early child care settings, creative play is often used as behavioral evidence of quality programs. Yet, a detailed consideration of behavior which eventually results in creative child play is often lacking in training programs. The authors present a model which stresses the importance of teacher support for four levels of the “early childhood mosaic” ‐‐ curiosity, exploration, play and creativity. Specific examples of child behaviors and appropriate teacher responses at each level are given.
Efficacy of itraconazole in children with Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis

Abstract Background: Tinea capitis is prevalent in children. Although widely used as the drug of choice, the response to griseofulvin may be incomplete and an extended duration of therapy is often required. The response to newer antifungals has not been methodically evaluated in children with Trichophyton tonsurans infection. Objective: Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of itraconazole in children with tinea capitis caused by T. tonsurans. Methods: Pediatric patients with culture proven tinea capitis were enrolled from a hospital-based primary care clinic between January and December of 1996. Patients were treated with itraconazole 100 mg/day and a selenium sulfide–containing shampoo for 4 weeks. Children were evaluated mycologically and clinically every 2 weeks for 2 months. Patients were considered successfully treated if they were culture negative and clinically improved at the end of the study period. Children who remained culture positive or who were clinically not improved at 2 months were classified as treatment failures and re-treated. Results: Twenty-five patients completed the study, and 10 (40%) were successfully treated. Fifteen children required re-treatment: 14 remained culture positive at week 8, and one was mycologically negative but clinically worse. Conclusion: Itraconazole at a dose of 100 mg/day for 4 weeks may be effective in less than half of children with T. tonsurans tinea capitis. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:443-6.)
Analysis of multilayered anisotropic plates - A new look at an old problem

The paper is concerned with the effects of variation in the lamination and geometric parameters of multilayered anisotropic plates on the accuracy of the static and vibrational responses predicted by six modeling approaches based on two-dimensional shear deformation theories. Extensive numerical results are presented for antisymmetrically laminated anisotropic rectangular plates. It is shown that, for most practical problems, the transverse shear deformation has a much more pronounced effect on the response of multilayered composite plates than that of transverse normal strain and stress. It is also shown that the accuracy of the predictions of the first-order deformation theory is strongly dependent on the values of the composite shear correction factors used.
Vibrational and vibronic processes in coherent 2D resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Coherent 2D resonance Raman spectroscopy is a multidimensional technique that is capable of separating and sorting peaks that appear heavily congested and disordered in conventional 1D spectra. It can sort rovibrational peaks according to rotational and vibrational quantum number, vibrational sequence, and rotational selection rule. New results suggest that pattern recognition methods can also be used to determine whether the highly detailed rovibrational information is coming from the ground electronic state or the excited electronic state. This capability is demonstrated using experimental results from I 2 and C 2 .
Regional Analysis and Regional Planning: Recent Books

An interest in the spatial organization of society has long been the province of geographers. Recently, scholars in other fields have been applying geographical models and concepts in their own studies. (See, for example, Howard (1976) on the usefulness of spatial analysis in African economic history.) The books under review indicate various ways in which geographical concepts of space and region are currently being used. That by geographers Obudho and Waller represents an application of the concept of region to the problems of development planning. The two volumes edited by Smith, on the other hand, utilize spatial frameworks in a very broad way to examine many aspects of social and economic systems. Smith's book indicates the current directions of a group of scholars-mainly anthropologists-who began by studying periodic marketing systems as spatial systems and who have now moved on to the examination of other aspects of social systems from a spatial perspective. Much of their work was stimulated by Skinner's (1964-65) work on marketing systems in China; Skinner's work in turn was based on models from economic geography, primarily central-place models. The first of the volumes, Economic Systems, is primarily concerned with marketing systems, while the second, Social Systems, considers institutions such as political, religious, and kinship systems. The interest in geographical models among anthropologists stems in part from a concern with finding ways to link village-level studies with analyses of national and regional systems. Thus, Smith argues that the regional approach provides "a method for integrating the microperspective with the macroperspective-a coherent framework for understanding how local communities are linked to others forming intermediate and higher levels of social organization" (1976: II, 4). Smith's two volumes are of considerable interest for those concerned with studying traditional economic organization, marketing systems, and economic development, as well as for those interested in other issues where a regional approach might be useful, such as urbanization and, as Smith argues, stratification. The major weakness in the volumes from an Africanist's point of view is the scarcity of cases dealing with Africa. Two articles in Volume I focus on Africa; otherwise there are scattered references to applicability to African data, but no extended discussion. The lack of material on Africa is especially noticeable in
The mu opioid irreversible antagonist beta-funaltrexamine differentiates the discriminative stimulus effects of opioids with high and low efficacy at the mu opioid receptor.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relative intrinsic efficacy of various opioids using the irreversible μ opioid antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (βFNA). To this end, pigeons were trained to discriminate 3.0 (n=6) or 1.8 (n=1) mg/kg morphine from distilled water in a two-key, food-reinforced, drug discrimination procedure. The µ opioids fentanyl, l-methadone, buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalorphine, nalbuphine and levallorphan, as well as the δ opioid BW373U86, substituted completely for the morphine stimulus. The stimulus effects of morphine were antagonized (i.e., produced a significant increase in the ED50 value) by a 10 mg/kg but not a 5 mg/kg dose of βFNA. Antagonist effects of βFNA were observed following a 2-h pretreatment, but not following 26-, 50-, 74-, 98- or 146-h pretreatments. The stimulus effects produced by fentanyl, l-methadone and buprenorphine were not antagonized by doses of βFNA as high as 20, 10 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The lowest dose of βFNA required to antagonize the stimulus effects of butorphanol was 10 mg/kg, whereas the effects of nalorphine, nalbuphine and levallorphan were antagonized by a dose of βFNA as low as 5 mg/kg. The δ opioid BW373U86 substituted for the morphine stimulus, and this effect was not antagonized by 10 mg/kg βFNA. The pkB values for naloxone (1.0 mg/kg) against the stimulus effects of fentanyl (6.70) and morphine (6.52) were considerably higher than that for BW373U86 (4.60), indicating further that the morphine-like stimulus effects produced by BW373U86 were not mediated by activity at the µ opioid receptor. These findings indicate that the strategy of irreversible antagonism can be used effectively to differentiate opioids with varying degrees of intrinsic efficacy at the µ opioid receptor in a pigeon drug discrimination procedure. In particular, the ranking of these drugs by relative intrinsic efficacy at the µ opioid receptor is: l-methadone=fentanyl≥buprenorphine≥morphine≥ butorphanol>nalorphine=nalbuphine=levallorphan. Additionally, the short-acting effect of βFNA in the pigeon suggests that the recovery of µ opioid receptor function varies across species.
Long-Term Voluntary Access to Running Wheels Decreases Kappa-Opioid Antinociception

Previous research has demonstrated that voluntary exercise is associated with a reduction in mu-opioid-induced antinociception. To determine if the effects of voluntary exercise on opioid-induced antinociception were limited to drugs that affect the mu opioid receptor or were more general, the analgesic effects of the kappa opioid agonist U50,488H were compared in active and sedentary rats. Eight adult male Long-Evans rats were housed in standard hanging cages and eight in cages with attached running wheels for 20 days prior to antinociceptive testing. Pain thresholds were determined using a tail-flick procedure, and antinociception was expressed as percent maximal possible effect (%MPE). In the first study, U50,488H was administered in a cumulative dosing procedure (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg). Tail-flick latencies were measured immediately prior to and 30 min following each injection. In the second study, the time course of U50,488H effects was examined in animals from the first experiment. Tail-flick latencies were measured immediately prior to and 30, 60, and 90 min following 10.0 mg/kg U50,488H. In the first study, U50,488H produced significant antinociception in both groups of rats. However, antinociceptive responses were significantly reduced for rats given access to running wheels relative to inactive rats. In the second study, antinociceptive responses to U50,488H continued for 90 min. Again, antinociceptive responses were lower for rats given access to running wheels relative to inactive rats. These results indicate that long-term voluntary exercise decreases the antinociceptive properties of the kappa agonist U50,488H, as well as the mu agonist morphine.
Guidance for the development of software engineering education programs

Abstract In this paper, we discuss issues and ideas that can improve the undergraduate education of software engineers. We submit that a key impediment to the advancement of software engineering education is the lack of guidance and support for the development of new courses and curricula. We discuss the work and results of a project to create a set of Guidelines for Software Engineering Education . We outline the content of the Guidelines , describe how they relate to recent and current professional activities to improve the practice of software engineering, and discuss future plans for their development.
Large-scale wind-tunnel investigation of a close-coupled canard-delta-wing fighter model through high angles of attack

Data obtained through very high angles of attack from a large-scale, subsonic wind-tunnel test of a close-coupled canard-delta-wing fighter model are analyzed. The canard delays wing leading-edge vortex breakdown, even for angles of attack at which the canard is completely stalled. A vortex-lattice method was applied which gave good predictions of lift and pitching moment up to an angle of attack of about 20 deg, where vortex-breakdown effects on performance become significant. Pitch-control inputs generally retain full effectiveness up to the angle of attack of maximum lift, beyond which, effectiveness drops off rapidly. A high-angle-of-attack prediction method gives good estimates of lift and drag for the completely stalled aircraft. Roll asymmetry observed at zero sideslip is apparently caused by an asymmetry in the model support structure.
Labor relations and productivity growth in advanced capitalist economies

In this paper, we claim that worker rights (including collective bargaining rights, employment protection, and income security) promote productivity growth. We argue that cooperative labor-management relations encourage workers to make positive contributions to technical and organizational innovations that raise labor productivity, and that an industrial relations system that secures strong worker rights fosters cooperative labor-management relations. These arguments are supported by an empirical analysis of long-run productivity growth in 15 advanced capitalist countries. We first develop an index of worker rights and show its positive effect on several indicators of labor-management cooperation. We then develop an index combining measures of worker rights and labor-management cooperation and show its positive effect on the rate of growth of labor productivity.
Calorimetric probes of carbon dioxide sorption in bisphenol-A based polymers

Abstract We present direct measurements of the partial molar enthalpy of carbon dioxide sorption in a family of structurally related bisphenol-A based polymers. Polymers included in this study are: bisphenol-A polycarbonate, tetramethyl polycarbonate, tetrachloro polycarbonate and tetrabromo polycarbonate. All samples were conditioned at 300 psig prior to measurement. Enthalpy changes were determined using a Setaram C80D microcalorimeter equipped with high pressure cells. The magnitude of the heat of sorption does not correlate well with polymer free volume, gas solubility or gas partial molar volume. However, the values are consistent with heats of sorption calculated from the temperature dependence of solubility. The results suggest that free volume regions are not uniformly accessible; occupation of some free volume regions requires unfavourable deformation of the glassy polymer matrix. The measured heat of sorption represents an energetically weighted average of those free volume regions which are occupied.
The structure of the Banks set

We consider a new solution set for majority voting tournaments recently proposed by Banks (1985), and we examine its internal structure. In particular, we demonstrate that, in the absence of a Condorcet winner, there is always a cycle including precisely the points in the Banks set. We introduce the concept of "external stability" in order to facilitate analysis.
MacNOTIS user interface development and test

The MacNOTIS interface development and test used the Apple Macintosh, HyperCard, and MitemView communications software to develop and test an intuitive interface to NOTIS systems. While the concept and design were viewed favorably by the users, technical and speed issues made the interface too slow for widespread use. MacNOTIS pointed the way to several interface enhancements that should be incorporated in future NOTIS user interfaces.
"I Revive, Renew, and Re-establish": Mimetic Catastrophe in Ben Katchor's The Jew of New York

For all of its narrative complexity, Ben Katchor's The Jew of New York is tightly structured around a central motif: "mimetic catastrophe," or the production of likenesses (imitations, resemblances, mimicries, and simulacra) in close and consistent association with disaster (exiles, degradations, murders, and conflagrations). This essay probes the possible significances of this motif in light of a number of important theories of mimesis, from ancient Jewish iconoclasm, for which representation blasphemes against a primary reality, to the varieties of postmodernism for which representation itself is the primary reality.
Surface effects in sem measurements of hole diffusion length in n-GaAs

In scanning-electron microscope injection measurements of hole diffusion lengths in n-type gallium arsenide Schottky barrier junctions the results obtained depend strongly on the surface treatment (exposure to air, H20, or HC1 treatments) after cleaving. The effect is attributed to band bending causing a p-region on the surface which allows collection of minority carriers produced far from the junction. Scanning of the semiconductor surface by the 25 keV electron beam for a few minutes prior to diffusion length measurements is found to remove these contamination effects and give reliable and consistent results.
Light Waves and Light Corpuscles

THE theory that light is a series of spherical waves progressing from the source with velocity c, and the theory that light is a group of corpuscles moving in straight lines from the source with velocity c, have seemed mutually incompatible. Yet we must inquire whether this apparent incompatibility may not be due to some error in our traditional modes of thought, for no prediction of either of these two theories has yet failed to be confirmed. Indeed, we have reached the point where it seems justifiable to summarise a part of our information regarding light in the following manner.
QRS duration measurement using high-frequency electrocardiography: Applications and limitations of a new technique

Abstract Accurate, objective measurement of QRS duration is of central importance in clinical electrocardiography. The applicability of a new computer technique based on the observation that the QRS, unlike other ECG waveforms, contains significant frequencies >50 Hz was studied. Accordingly, a microprocessor-based ECG system was adapted with a signalaveraging program to reduce noise and a 50- to 300-Hz phaseless digital filter which permitted direct “extraction” of the QRS complex from surrounding low-frequency PR and ST segments. The hypothesis first tested was that, owing to greater cardiac mass, QRS duration in men should be slightly greater than in women. High-frequency QRS duration measurements were performed in 30 healthy adult men and 28 healthy adult women from simultaneously acquired orthogonal leads I and a VF. QRS duration in men (85.5 ± 12.3 msec, X ± SD ) was significantly (p
The American Association for the Study and Cure of Inebriety

From the beginning of the American Association for the Study and Cure of Inebriety (November 1870) and throughout its history, the leadership perceived that it was at the forefront of a therapeutic social movement--the pioneer of a new medical viewpoint as well as a new medical specialty. Language: en
SU‐E‐T‐487: TomoTherapy Plan Quality Metrics for Multiple Anatomical Sites

Purpose: TomoTherapy IMRT plans for various anatomical sites were analyzed in order to obtain dosimetric characteristics, and to determine plan quality and deliverability.Methods: Treatment plans for thirty patients treated with TomoTherapy were reviewed and analyzed. The distribution of treatment sites was: abdomen (n=4), brain (n=4), head and neck (HN n=6), lung (n=6), pelvis (n=5) and prostate (n=5). Prescription dose (PD), D90%, PTV, max, mean and min doses of PTV were extracted from the plans and DVH data. Metrics calculated include: homogeneity index (H.I.=max dose in PTV/ PD), mean dose of PTV over PD, max dose of PTV over min dose in PTV, and D90%/PD were calculated for the different treatment sites. In order to verify plan delivery, absolute and relative dose measurements were performed and analyzed using an ion chamber and GafChromic films. Results: Mean prescription isodose lines were 95.7% (n=30). The PTV ranged from 11.7 to 982.2 cc. For H.I. the prostate site yielded the smallest H.I. of 0.99 while the pelvis site yielded the greatest H.I. of 1.14. The prostate site produced the smallest mean dose over PD (0.97) and H&N produced the greatest (1.03). The overall H.I. was 1.06 and the overall ratio of mean dose over PD was 1.02. The overall max dose over min dose was 1.18. The mean difference for absolute point dose measurements was −0.9%. Measured film profiles demonstrated excellent agreement with calculated profiles in plan delivery QA Conclusions: For the treatment sites reviewed prostate had the most homogeneous plans, while lung had the most inhomogeneous plans in this study. The overall mean dose over PD and QA results were excellent in TomoTherapy. TomoTherapy is capable of planning and delivering high quality IMRTtreatments for a wide variety of treatment sites
Using Students' Perceptions of Their Instructor to Illustrate Principles of Person Perception.

This article describes a classroom exercise in which students respond to a simple personality inventory that assesses their perceptions of their instructor. The data thus generated are used to illu...
Sexual Harassment in the Federal Workplace Revisited: Influences on Sexual Harassment by Gender

Using data from the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board's most recent survey on sexual harassment, this study examines influences on sexual harassment in the federal workplace. We investigate the effect of workers’sociodemographic characteristics, aspects of their daily work environment (the sex of the supervisor and female/male ratio of coworkers), and agency location. Drawing on a variety of theoretical models and addressing a limitation of a previous study, we assess whether and how influences on sexual harassment differ for men and women. Not only does the likelihood of sexual harassment differ for men and women, but the determinants of harassment differ as well. Women are more likely to indicate receipt of unwanted sexual attention as their ratio of male coworkers increases, and men are more likely to indicate its receipt as their ratio of female coworkers increases. We also find differential effects for sex of supervisor, age, education, and job type, among other variables. Our analyses highlight that gender conditions the influences on sexual harassment.
Perceived self-efficacy and technology proficiency in undergraduate college students

Technology has become an integral part of the world in which we live. Today's undergraduate college students have extensive exposure to technology in all aspects of their lives, so educators would expect all students to be technologically proficient. However many people do not easily gain proficiency with computer technologies. The ability to master a skill can be examined as self-efficacy. Self-efficacy provides a mechanism to explain individual behavior and may be defined as a person's perceived capability to perform a behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self- efficacy and technological proficiency. This was a descriptive survey using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and a technology proficiency tool developed by the researcher. A small sample of undergraduate college students was surveyed to determine if the use of a computer at home, age, and levels of self-efficacy influenced technological proficiency. The results of this study indicate that the use of a computer at home is related to enhanced computer skills and respondents with a computer at home had increased self-efficacy. Additionally, students in the 18-25 age group reported higher levels of technological proficiency and self-efficacy.
Multi-Axial Failure Models for Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Combined in-phase tension/torsion loading was applied to 8-ply [±45°]4 E-glass/epoxy composite shafts under monotonic and fatigue conditions to determine the effects of multi-axial loading on its failure. A damage criterion for multi-axial monotonic loading was proposed considering the contribution of both normal and shear stresses on the plane of failure. The experimental data showed an excellent agreement with the proposed model for various loading conditions. Several multi-axial fatigue failure models were proposed considering mean and cyclic normal stress and shear stress at the plane of failure, as well as the mean and cyclic normal strain and shear strain at the plane of failure and their capability for predicting the fatigue life of the composite under study was examined. In addition to the fatigue damage model based on the plane of failure, a multi-axial fatigue failure model was proposed considering the mean and cyclic energy in the fatigue experiments. The experimental data showed a reasonably good correlation with some of the proposed damage models.
Two faces of PTEN.

A small number of women (approximately 1%) suffer from premature ovarian failure in which their ovarian follicle reserve is exhausted before age 40. Recent studies in mice show that the absence of a tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, in oocytes prematurely induces global follicular activation, depleting the follicle reserve in a manner similar to premature ovarian failure.
Redox regulation of lung inflammation: role of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB signalling

Regulation of reduction/oxidation (redox) state is critical for cell viability, activation, proliferation and organ function, and imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant balance is implicated in various chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CS (cigarette smoke) is a complex mixture of various noxious gases and condensed tar particles. These components elicit oxidative stress in lungs by continuous generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and various inflammatory mediators. In the present review, we have discussed the role of oxidative stress in triggering the inflammatory response in the lungs in response to CS by demonstrating the role of NADPH oxidase, redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) and antioxidant Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 subunit-related factor 2), as well as HDAC (histone deacetylase) in pro-inflammatory cytokine release by disruption of HDAC-RelA/p65 NF-kappaB complex.
Quantitative [3H]thymidine autoradiography of neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium of developing normal, hypothyroid and hypothyroid-rehabilitated rats.

We recently reported that postnatal hypothyroidism results in marked reduction in surface area and cell number in the rat olfactory epithelium (OE) and recovery from this condition is accompanied by compensatory growth and restitution of these parameters. To explore the correlative changes in olfactory neurogenesis, i.e. mitotic activity of basal cells (BCs) and migration and survival of developing olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), hypothyroid rats at postnatal (P) days of P10, P25 and P75 were injected with [3H]thymidine and OE was examined by quantitative autoradiography to determine the density of labeled nuclei at the BC and ORN zones at days 1, 5 and 15 post-injection. These data were compared with those of age-matched controls as well as young adult rats allowed to recover from hypothyroidism at the end of the suckling period (P25). Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) from birth in the drinking water (1 g/l) for 10, 25 and 90 days; recovery was induced by withdrawal of PTU at P25. The results indicated that the densities of labeled nuclei in the BC and ORN zones were not significantly altered in the suckling hypothyroid rats. In the P75 hypothyroid rats density of labeled BC nuclei was unaffected 1 day after injection but was significantly (36%) more than controls 5 days after injection; the density of neuronal nuclei in the ORN zone of P75 injected rats was markedly and significantly reduced (56% and 37% at 5- and 15-days post-injection). Data indicate that mitotic activity of BCs and their migration into the ORN zone is not affected in the hypothyroid infant rats but migration and/or survival of developing ORNs are markedly reduced in the postweaning growing rats made hypothyroid from birth. In rats allowed to recover from hypothyroidism at P25 and injected with labeled thymidine at P75, the density of labeled BC nuclei were significantly increased (48% and 43% at 1- and 5-days post-injection) compared to normal rats suggesting elevated levels of neurogenesis; density of ORN nuclei, however, were the same as controls. The results indicate critical regulatory influences of thyroid hormones on olfactory neurogenesis in the rat olfactory receptor sheet, in particular during the postweaning period.
General topological properties of switching structures

Investigation of a wide variety of switching converter toplogies culminates in the establishment of the most general correlation between the converter topologies--the duality relationships. The recognition of this general law leads to a number of new results: new converter topologies generated by the application of the duality transformation to the existing converter configurations, the discovery of the new mode of converter operation (discontinuous capacitance voltage mode) as well as significantly improved understanding of the existing converters and their equivalent circuit models.
Field results of a high-reliability electromechanical display for the F-15 aircraft

Electromechanical flight instruments in military aircraft are being replaced by flat panels. One of the reasons often stated is to improve reliability. This paper discusses a project initiated several years ago to design, develop, qualify, manufacture and flight test an electromechanical Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) designed for high reliability for the F-15 aircraft. This indicator was to have a guaranteed Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) of 10,000 hours minimum. This paper discuses the results of this project after completing development, qualification testing, manufacture and several years of operational flights on 2 squadrons of F-15 aircraft. The results will be compared to experience gained in flying flat panel displays in a commercial jet aircraft. The comparison shows that the electromechanical flight instrument as designed, demonstrates a reliability equal to or greatly exceeding that of current flat panel displays. Most electromechanical flight instruments in use today were designed and manufactured 25 to 30 years ago. Their intended useful life, by specification, was 10 years with an MTBF requirement of approximately 1,000 hours. It is shown that the specification requirements for useful life as well as reliability requirements can be greatly expanded for electromechanical flight instruments to equal or exceed that of flat panel displays. This paper describes some of the design techniques and test methods used which have achieved such high reliability of the electromechanical HSI in an F-15 environment. A case is thus presented for the continued application of high reliability electromechanical instruments in certain cockpit applications with many benefits to the user.
Symplectic restriction varieties and geometric branching rules II

Abstract In this paper, we introduce combinatorially defined subvarieties of symplectic flag varieties called symplectic restriction varieties. We study their geometric properties and compute their cohomology classes. In particular, we give a positive, combinatorial, geometric branching rule for computing the map in cohomology induced by the inclusion of the symplectic partial flag variety SF ( k 1 , … , k h ; n ) in the partial flag variety F ( k 1 , … , k h ; n ) . These rules have many applications in algebraic geometry, combinatorics, symplectic geometry and representation theory.
Latour’s more realistic realism: a reply to Salinas

This is a reply to:Salinas, Francisco J. 2016. “Bruno Latour’s pragmatic realism: an ontological inquiry.” Global Discourse 6 (1–2): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2014.992597.
Characterization of the Substance P (NK‐1) Receptor in Tunicamycin‐Treated Transfected Cells Using a Photoaffinity Analogue of Substance P

Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the N-glycosylated substance P (NK-1) receptor were treated with the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin and photolabeled with 125I-Bolton-Hunter-p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine8-substance P. Two radioactive proteins of M(r) 80,000 and 46,000, representing the glycosylated and nonglycosylated substance P (NK-1) receptor, respectively, were observed. The IC50 for the inhibition of photolabeling of both receptor forms was 0.3 +/- 0.1 nM for substance P and 30 +/- 5 nM for neurokinin A (substance K). Thus, glycosylation of the substance P (NK-1) receptor has no detectable effect on the affinity of the substance P (NK-1) receptor for substance P or neurokinin A (substance K).
The effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the preparation and properties of Ormosils

Organically modified silicates (Ormosils), derived from silica and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), have been prepared by the sol-gel method with ultrasonic irradiation. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), PDMS, water and HCl were mixed and exposed to 20 kHz ultrasonic waves under various conditions. Ultrasonic irradiation shortened the gelation time and made it possible to obtain gels without the addition of solvent (e.g. alcohol and tetrahydrofuran (THF)). The reaction mechanism of the ultrasonic irradiated Ormosil solution was investigated by liquid state 29Si NMR. The densities of the gels prepared under ultrasonic irradiation were found to be much higher than those without irradiation. The effect of solvent addition on the properties of gels was also investigated.
Emergency medicine and surgery resident roles on the trauma team: A difference of opinion

Although many emergency medicine residency programs are located in major trauma centers, trauma often is managed by a multispecialty team. In order to define the role of the emergency medicine resident at such centers, we sent surveys to the directors of all 64 approved emergency medicine residency programs. Of the 54 programs (84%) responding, 39 (72%) had trauma teams. Trauma team composition varied widely. Only 54% included general surgery staff physicians, and 38% included an anesthesiologist. Ninety percent of the teams included an emergency medicine resident. Overall emergency medicine residents serve as trauma captains 50% of the time and share the role with a general surgery resident 23% of the time. With the exceptions of peritoneal lavage and intubation, resuscitation procedures were shared between the general surgery and emergency medicine residents. Thirty-one percent of the respondents had air ambulances, 70% of which were staffed by emergency physicians. We conclude that emergency medicine residents are active trauma team leaders and providers.
How neutrals can overcome the psychology of disputing: The effect of framing and reactive devaluation in mediation

More advice for neutrals: In the conclusion of his two-part article, Russell Korobkin, of Los Angeles, describes two more impediments to mediation settlement. He also provides interventions that mediators can deploy to offset resistance to offers and further negotiations
Why Is There Charm, Strangeness, Colour and All That?

Once upon a time physicists believed that matter was made of protons and electrons. Then the neutron was discovered. There were now two particles, the proton and the neutron, which were very similar, yet they were also different. Now there are many particles classified in groups containing members which are similar and also different. Exactly how are they similar? Exactly how are they different? Why do particles appear in such groups? These are some of the fundamental questions to be explored in these lectures.
Crop Selection and Implications for Profits and Wind Erosion in a Semi-Arid Environment

Abstract A daily crop growth simulation model was applied to four dryland cropping systems to estimate the profit distributions for each of four price series under stochastic weather conditions on the Southern High Plains of Texas. Stochastic dominance with respect to a function was utilized to rank each crop rotation for different risk-averse intervals. Solutions from the model indicate that long-term average annual soil loss due to wind erosion was a function of the producer's risk aversion, price expectation, and discount rate which affect the optimal crop rotation selection.