cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic NMR and ab initio studies of exchange between rotamers of derivatives of octahydrofuro[3,4‐f]isoquinoline‐7(1H)‐carboxylate and tetrahydro‐2,5,6(1H)‐isoquinolinetricarboxylate

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of methyl-8-(2-furyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxo-3,3a,4,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrofuro[3,4-f]isoquinoline-7(1H)-carboxylate (1) and trimethyl 8-methyl-3-phenyl-3,4,4a,7-tetrahydro-2,5,6(1H)-isoquinolinetricarboxylate (2) at room temperature displayed doubling of the majority of signals, suggesting the presence of two rotational conformers (rotamers) in a ratio approximately 1:1.2 (in a mixture of CDCl3 and C6D6), approximately 1:1 (in CD2Cl2) and approximately 1:1.4 (in C6D6). On the basis of the temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectra of 1 and 2, the barrier to interconversion of the rotamers was calculated to be approximately 16 kcal mol(-1). The average chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants were analyzed for the resolution-enhanced 300 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of 1 at 333 K in CDCl3 solution. From analysis of the spin-spin coupling constants, it is proposed that the nitrogen-containing ring is in a chair conformation with C-2-H equatorial. Low- and room-temperature NOESY experiments in conjunction with theoretical ab initio calculations supported the hypothesis that the two rotamers interchange via rotation about the C-N bond. Spectral assignments of all proton and carbon resonances were made on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments (DEPT, DQCOSY, NOESY, HETCOR and gHMBC).
Medication prescribing in liver dysfunction

Patients with mental illness often have co-occurring substance abuse which increases the risk for developing cirrhosis, particularly with common etiologies such as hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. As such, knowledge of how the disease may impact medication prescribing is important. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data to guide medication prescribing in these patients. Product labeling information should be used in the clinical decision making process. Additionally, clinicians should consider the etiology of disease, adverse effect profile, and pharmacokinetic parameters including solubility, product formulation, protein binding, hydrophilicity, metabolism, bioavailability, extraction ratios, excretion route, and half-life. Thoughtful consideration should be given when prescribing potentially hepatotoxic medications, and those which may increase bleeding risk in patients with coagulopathy. It is essential to ensure every medication has an appropriate indication and carefully evaluate the need fo...
Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests paraphyly and early diversification of Philadelphus (Hydrangeaceae) in western North America: New insights into affinity with Carpenteria

Philadelphus (Hydrangeaceae) comprises 60 or fewer species distributed disjunctly in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America to Central America, and southeastern Europe and western Asia. The genus is highly valued in horticulture, but poorly understood regarding taxonomy, species relationships, and biogeographic history. The present study was the first phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Philadelphus using both nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers to evaluate classification schemes and to elucidate the biogeographic origin. Our results suggest that Philadelphus is a paraphyletic group with the monotypic genus Carpenteria nested within. Three major lineages were identified in the Philadelphus–Carpenteria clade, each strongly supported by the molecular data. Biogeographic analysis using the Bayes-DIVA method (implemented in the newly developed RASP) and divergence time dating with BEAST resolved the origin and early diversification of Philadelphus s.l. (including Carpenteria) in western North America (including Mexico) in the Eocene. The lineage diversified and subsequently spread into Asia and other areas in the late Tertiary or Neogene to obtain a worldwide distribution. The study adds an additional example of an “out of western North America” migration in the phylogeographic history of the northern hemisphere.
The stabilizability problem: A Hilbert space operator decomposition approach

This paper will study the weak and strong stabilizability problem of linear control systems on Hilbert space. It will be shown that sufficient conditions for stabilizability can be obtained by using a decomposition theorem in the structure theory of Hilbert space operators. The basic idea is "trivializing" the unitary "part" of a semigroup of bonded linear operators by means of a suitable "feedback" perturbation operator Controllability will not be involved in this process. However, it will be seen that further sufficient conditions as well as necessary conditions will be obtained with the aid of controllability. Extensions as well as limitatations of the familiar finite-dimensional results will also be discussed.
Boundary Spanning in Homeless Children's Education: Notes from an Emergent Faculty Role in Pittsburgh.

Purpose: This From the Field article describes an emerging model of boundary spanning leadership in homeless education. Drawing from the pilot program that is being implemented in conjunction with ...
HOW DO POTENTIALS DERIVED FROM STRUCTURAL DATABASES RELATE TO TRUE POTENTIALS

Knowledge-based potentials are used widely in protein folding and inverse folding algorithms. Two kinds of derivation methods are used. (1) The interactions in a database of known protein structures are assumed to obey a Boltzmann distribution. (2) The stability of the native folds relative to a manifold of misfolded structures is optimized. Here, a set of previously derived contact and secondary structure propensity potentials, taken as the “true” potentials, are employed to construct an artificial protein structural database from protein fragments. Then, new sets of potentials are derived to see how they are related to the true potentials. Using the Boltzmann distribution method, when the stability of the structures in the database lies within a certain range, both contact potentials and secondary structure propensities can be derived separately with remarkable accuracy. In general, the optimization method was found to be less accurate due to errors in the “excess energy” contribution. When the excess energy terms are kept as a constraint, the true potentials are recovered exactly.
Comparison of the properties of F and Al doped ZnO deposited by magnetron sputtering from ZnO and Zn targets

Good electronic quality Zn:O films doped with Al and F have been deposited by reactive sputtering. Conductivities as high as as 2400 S/cm have been achieved with optical properties equivalent to films deposited by CVD techniques. In serving as both a dopant and etchant F makes process control more difficult. Reactively sputtered films are also more uniform than those sputtered from ZnO targets. Deposition rates up to 9 /spl Arings have been achieved without significant deterioration of electro-optic properties. >
Cosmic microwave background polarimetry using correlation receivers with the PIQUE and CAPMAP experiments

The Princeton IQU Experiment (PIQUE) and the Cosmic Anisotropy Polarization Mapper (CAPMAP) are experiments designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on sub-degree scales in anareawithin1 � of theNorthCelestialPole usingheterodynecorrelationpolarimetersand off-axistelescopeslocated in central New Jersey. PIQUE produced the tightest limit on the CMB polarization prior to its detection by DASI, while CAPMAP has recently detected polarization at ‘ � 1000. The experimental methods and instrumentation for these two projects are described in detail with emphasis on the particular challenges involved in measuring the tiny polarized component of the CMB. Subject headingg cosmic microwave background — cosmology: observations — instrumentation: polarimeters Online material: color figures
Strict control dependence and its effect on dynamic information flow analyses

Program control dependence has substantial impact on applications such as dynamic information flow tracking and data lineage tracing (a technique tracking the set of inputs that affects individual outputs). Without considering control dependence, information can leak via implicit channels without being tracked; important inputs may be absent from output lineage. However, considering control dependence may lead to a large volume of false alarms in information flow tracking or undesirably large lineage sets. We identify a special type of control dependence called strict control dependence (SCD). The nature of SCDs highly resembles that of data dependences, reflecting strong correlations between statements and hence should be considered the same way as data dependences in various applications. We formally define the semantics. We also describe a cost-effective design that allows tracing only strict control dependence. Our empirical evaluation shows that the proposed technique has very low overhead and it greatly improves the effectiveness of lineage tracing and taint analysis.
Could disease-modifying HIV vaccines cause population-level perversity?

Most current candidate HIV vaccines seem to produce little protection against infection, but reduce viral load and slow the decline in CD4 lymphocyte numbers. Such diseasemodifying vaccines could potentially provide important population-level benefits by reducing transmission, but could possibly also increase transmission. We address the following question: could disease-modifying HIV vaccines cause population-level perversity (ie, increase epidemic severity)? By analysing a mathematical model and defining a new quantity—the fitness ratio—we show that diseasemodifying vaccines that provide only a low degree of protection against infection and/or generate high fitness ratios will have a high probability of making the epidemic worse. However, we show that if disease-modifying vaccines cause a 1·5 log10 reduction in viral load (or greater) then perversity cannot occur (assuming risk behaviour does not increase). Finally, we determine threshold surfaces for risk behaviour change that determine the boundary between beneficial and perverse outcomes; the threshold surfaces are determined by the fitness ratio, the proportion of the population that are “successfully vaccinated”, and the degree of change of risk behaviour in unvaccinated infected individuals. We discuss the implications of our results for designing optimal vaccination control strategies.
The sgp gene modulates stress responses of Streptococcus mutans: utilization of an antisense RNA strategy to investigate essential gene functions.

The sgp gene from Streptococcus mutans has been previously isolated, characterized, and demonstrated to encode a G-protein. In order to investigate the function of this gene, a novel antisense RNA strategy was developed. Expression of sgp antisense RNA in Escherichia coli led to transient inhibition of growth. In addition, sgp antisense RNA expression in S. mutans resulted in decreased growth under environmental stress conditions (44°C, acidic pH, and high osmolarity). Therefore, these results suggest that the sgp gene plays a role in modulating the stress responses of S. mutans. This approach could be applicable for investigating the function of essential genes in other organisms for which mutants are not available.
Phase Separation During Film Deposition

We report a study of the microstructure and surface morphology of co-deposited Al-Ge films. At 200 °C and above, the terminal solid solutions are obtained, whereas at lower temperatures, metastable amorphous or crystalline phases coexist with the Al-rich terminal phase. For film thickness below 200 nm, lateral phase separation is observed with surface grooving which reflects the bulk microstructure. Analysis of the data with a model for the diffusion process shows that the results are consistent with a surface diffusion mechanism. For thicker films, there is a transition into a layered microstructure in which Al segregates to the surface. This transition is explained in terms of the surface and interfacial energies of the phases.
A virologic pilot study of valacyclovir in infectious mononucleosis

Background: Infectious mononucleosis decreases the productivity of many college students and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection may result in long-term immune damage. Objectives: Evaluate the antiviral effect of valacyclovir during EBV-related acute infectious mononucleosis and explore potential clinical benefits. Study design: University students who presented during the first 7 days of illness were randomized to receive valacyclovir 3 g/day for 14 days or not. The quantity of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA in oral and whole blood samples was determined by real-time (TaqMan) PCR. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with laboratory-confirmed primary EBV infection who had ≥2 log10 decrease in EBV copies/mL in oral washes during the treatment period. Secondary outcomes included clinical effects. Results: Twenty subjects were studied. The proportion of valacyclovir recipients versus control subjects who had ≥2 log10 decrease in EBV copies was significantly greater for both oral wash fluid-derived cell pellet (P = 0.03) and supernatant (P = 0.001) samples. At the end of the treatment period, the number of reported symptoms (P = 0.03) and the severity of illness (P = 0.049) were reduced among valacyclovir recipients as compared with controls. Conclusions: Valacyclovir therapy caused a reduction of EBV excretion and possibly produced a clinical benefit in infectious mononucleosis. Because our study was small and not placebo-controlled, these results must be confirmed by a larger, placebo-controlled trial. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A single multisensory neuron model simulates both enhancement between modalities and suppression within modalities

The deep layers of the superior colliculus (DSC) are the first site of major convergence of multisensory input in the mammalian brain. Individual DSC neurons can receive sensory input of more than one modality, and the receptive fields of the same DSC neuron for different modalities are large and spatially coincident. Multimodal DSC neurons exhibit cross modal enhancement (CME), in which the response to input of one modality is augmented by input of another modality. DSC neurons may also exhibit modality-specific suppression (NISS), in which the response to input of one modality is suppressed by input of the same modality presented within the neuron's receptive field. Findings on CME are consistent with the hypothesis that the response of a DSC neuron is proportional to the probability that a target has appeared in its receptive field. Counter-intuitively, findings on NISS are also consistent with the same hypotheses. Both CME and NISS can be simulated using the same nonlinear model neuron that computes target probability using cross-modal and modality-specific inputs, which are represented as multivariate Gaussian with plausible values for mean, variance, and covariance.
High-Temperature Elasticity and Expansivity of Forsterite and Steatite

The elastic constants and coefficients of thermal expansion of polycrystalline forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and steatite (MgSiO3) were determined from room temperature to 1000°K. Two elastic moduli, the adiabatic bulk modulus, Bs, and the shear modulus, G, decrease linearly with temperature above 500°K. The Gruneisen constant γ and a parameter δ, defined as — (dBs/dT)/αBs, calculated from the present data were virtually independent of temperature at the high-temperature range. Poisson's ratio, δ, rises linearly with temperature over the range of measurement; the slope is highest for materials with the lowest room-temperature value of σ.
Practiced Connections of Orthographic and Phonological Processing

When one’s assignment is the clean-up act—the last chapter in a two-volume series on The Varieties of Orthographic Knowledge—one can claim poetic license. Through a few rhymes and orthographic maneuvers I have tried to capture many of the themes discussed in the nine chapters of this second volume relating orthography to phonology, reading, and writing. The themes, organized into stanzas in the poem above, will be addressed as follows. First, Ye chanj ∂ prynt, ewe plai hwith tsound. In this section I will discuss the obvious—but often forgotten point—that orthographies are writing conventions evolved over time to represent (in an often haphazard fashion) the sounds of a language. Second, Phoenicians here and Chinese there. Phoenician readers, named after the inventors of the alphabet, excel in the phonological processing of words, whereas Chinese readers, like the readers of Chinese characters, rely more on visual-orthographic processing. In this section I will discuss the controversial claim that there are dyslexics whose visual-orthographic skills are as good as or better than normal controls’. Additionally, I will review methodologies for explaining the neurological substrate of orthographic and phonological processing (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging—MRI; event-related potential—ERP; and positron emission tomography—PET).
Enhancing Both Cooperative Extension and National Environmental Education Resources

State Extension programs can contribute to the successful adoption of national environmental education programs by making locally relevant resources available, creating reference materials to bridge between 4-H project books and other resources, and developing companion materials that supplement national materials with local issues and resources. Such activities provide opportunities to integrate research and teaching with Extension programs and build productive relationships with agencies and organizations. Seven strategies with examples from one state are explained.
Brain-Body Pathways Linking Psychological Stress and Physical Health

Psychological stress is thought to arise from appraisal processes that ascribe threat-related meaning to experiences that tax or exceed our coping ability. Neuroimaging research indicates that these appraisal processes originate in brain systems that also control physiological stress reactions in the body. Separate lines of research in health psychology and behavioral medicine indicate that these physiological stress reactions confer risk for physical disease. Accordingly, integrative research that cuts across historically separated disciplines may help to define the brain-body pathways linking psychological stress to physical health. We describe recent studies aimed at this goal, focusing on studies of the brain bases of stressor-evoked cardiovascular system reactions and heart disease risk. We also outline an interpretive framework for these studies, as well as needs for next-generation models and metrics to better understand how the brain encodes and embodies stress in relation to health.
Shakespeare’s Leap of Faith

Shakespeare’s attitude toward self-effacing behavior is complex and ambivalent. The code of martial and manly honor calls for the repression of “womanly” feelings; and, in a world full of personal ambition, to be direct and honest is not safe. His preoccupation with the theme of appearance versus reality derives, in large part, from his awareness that Machiavels try to manipulate self-effacing people by pretending to subscribe to their values. He is afraid also of his tendency to enter into compulsive love relationships, and he makes such relationships the subject of about a third of his plays, most of which were discussed in Chapter 7. Sometimes he satirizes such relationships, sometimes he glorifies them, and sometimes he does both. In Romeo and Juliet, for example, it is difficult to determine whether the protagonists are meant to be perceived as foolish, doting lovers or as grand, romantic figures. Through much of the play the rhetoric supports both perspectives, though, as in Antony and Cleopatra, the emphasis upon the external forces that contribute to the deaths of the lovers obscures the destructiveness of their mutual morbid dependency and makes the play seem, by the end, to be a tragedy of fate.
Light emission enhancement by using patterned multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials

We study nanopatterned multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials with tunable plasmonic properties for enhancing fluorescent molecules and LEDs at different working wavelengths. About two order of magnitude of spontaneous emission rate enhancement was demonstrated.
Interdependent Duration Models in Political Science

Interdependent duration processes are common in politics and other strategic settings. The time to one type of political event frequently depends on the time to another related event, and the time to an event for one actor often depends on the time to that same event for others. Put in a slightly different way, politics and strategic behavior generate interdependence across durations and duration interdependence across actors. We present a generalized parametric simultaneous equations model that incorporates these two kinds of interdependent duration processes and derive the corresponding full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimator based on the Weibull distribution. We show with Monte Carlo experiments that our estimator outperforms the alternatives available to those doing applied empirical research. Naive estimators that either ignore the interdependence among duration processes or treat one as exogenous to the others are badly biased when the true relationships are simultaneous ones. Two stage least squares, while consistent, is highly inefficient relative to the FIML. We illustrate these findings in a study of the determinants of government formation duration and survival in European parliamentary democracies and an analysis of the timing of position taking in the US Congress. The interdependence in these durations is substantively important and suggests strategic bargaining over governments in Europe and free-riding behavior among members of Congress.
Challenges for Estimating and Forecasting Macroeconomic Trends During Financial Crises: Implications for Counter-Cyclical Policies

The short article is focused on four issues associated with challenges in estimating and forecasting economic trends during financial crises: difficulties in forecasting the eruption of a large-scaled financial crisis, evaluation of some high-frequency modeling techniques, comparison of two quarterly GDP indicators in their value for defining the turning point, and discussion of how to estimate potential output.
Whole Blood Clotting, Clot Retraction and Prothrombin Utilization in Burros Following Total Body Gamma Radiation.

Summary and Conclusions1. Nine burros exposed to a lethal dose of whole body gamma radiation were observed. The burros had symptoms and pathologic changes characteristic of the irradiation syndrome. Four died during the first week and the remaining 5 died before the 30th post irradiation day. These 5 showed hemorrhagic symptoms. 2. There was a retardation of whole blood clotting time. A clotting defect was demonstrated in recalcified oxalated plasmas of burros tested 2 weeks after irradiation. 3. All irradiated burros developed a severe thrombocytopenia and a lessening of clot retraction was noted on the after 4th post irradiation day, with no clot retraction after the 16th day when the platelet count was approaching zero. 4. There was a pronounced diminution of prothrombin utilization rate after irradiation. The first change was noted 22 hours after irradiation or 3 hours after the animals were removed from the exposure field. 5. There was no demonstrable circulating anticoagulant. The possible relation ...
Discriminatory Decision Making at the Legislative Level An Analysis of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

This paper is an analysis of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. Consistent with value-conflict perspectives, previous research on the social origins of drug legislation suggests that coercive laws occur when the behavior of minority and other subordinate groups become threatening. Liberalizing drug legislation is enacted when the interests of dominant groups seem juxtaposed to existing punitive legislation. The present analysis explores the process of legislative decision making when both subordinateand superordinate groups engage in drug-related behaviors which run counter to dominant norms and values. To do so, a detailed analysis of the congressional committee hearings and floor debates which preceded enactment of the 1970 Act was conducted. This analysis revealed that Congress did not pass a strictly coercive drug control policy at the risk of stigmatizing superordinate groups. Nor did it choose to liberalize drug penalties across the board. Congress perceived that strictly liberal policies might undermine both the instrumental goal of reducing illicit drug activity, and the symbolic goal of expressing general societal disapproval of illicit drug use. Instead, the legislation that emerged from congressional debates contained both liberal and coercive provisions reflecting the requirements of dealing with two targeted populations: young middle and upper class white drug users who became identified as victims of drug traffickers; and large-scale and professional drug dealers who became identified as enemy deviants—the true source and symbol of the drug problem. Liberal, and essentially discriminatory, provisions permitted the protection of the former from stigmatization as criminal felons. Coercive, but apparently nondiscriminatory, provisions provided the threat and potential for severe punishment of the latter. The discriminatory features of the 1970 Act are identified and explicated. And, the implications of the Act's provisions for race- or class-based decisions in the application of sanctions are discussed.
Applications of digital video : Bandwidth requirements on shared media servers and networks

Video servers and high-bandwidth local area networks are rapidly being adopted in broadcast and professional video applications. As the emphasis shifts from tape-machine replacement to simplification or re-engineering of operational processes, the required systems become more complex and the need for methodical system analysis becomes more acute. This paper develops a model that connects basic video facility requirements to technology-specific parameters necessary to specify the throughput of digital video platforms and networks. Although the basic model is simple, it is quantitative and permits practical scenarios to be analyzed. We have applied this model to a few sample systems, ranging in complexity from simple disk server architectures to networks with complex topology.
Metabolic rate of tree-shrews (Urogale everetti).

SummaryThe oxygen consumption of 32 Philippine tree-shrews was 0.87 ± 0.02 ec/g body wt/hr (mean and standard error). Expressed as Standard Metabolic Rate, this represented 29.7 ± 0.8 Cal/sq m body surface/hr, a value corresponding to that of laboratory rats of comparable weight and maturity. No sex difference was observed.
Remote Sensing by Satellite: What Future for an International Regime?

The combined forces of science and technology have been perfecting a new means of data acquisition which has gone largely unnoticed by the average citizen—a technique so profound in its implications for the improvement of the environment and for the allocation and conservation of natural and human resources that it has been compared to the microscope in its significance and achievement. This new technique is the viewing of the earth’s surface and its surrounding environment by means of sensing devices affixed to a platform orbiting the earth from the near reaches of outer space. Remote sensing by satellite (RSS) has been defined by the UN Working Group on Remote Sensing as a methodology to assist in characterizing the nature and conditions of the natural resources, the natural features and phenomena, and the environment of the earth by means of observation and measurements from space platforms.
The Development of a Practical Multikilogram Synthesis of the Chiral β-Amino Acid Imagabalin Hydrochloride (PD-0332334) via Asymmetric Hydrogenation

The development and implementation of a robust process for the manufacture of metric ton quantities of the α2δ ligand imagabalin hydrochloride 4 is described. Key aspects of the synthesis include a...
A Qualitative Phenomenological Exploration of Teachers' Experience With Nutrition Education

Background: Nutrition education delivered by classroom teachers has become a popular intervention designed to combat childhood obesity. However, few qualitative studies have explored nutrition education with teachers Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how elementary teachers describe their experience with nutrition education. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was used. Semistructured interviews, observations, and document analysis were conducted with 10 teachers who delivered nutrition education in their classrooms. Inductive coding was used to determine invariant constituents, reduce constituents to categories, and cluster categories into themes. Reliability and validity were accomplished through intercoder agreement, audio recording, triangulation, bracketing, and member checking. Results: Results identified 5 core themes related to roles teachers play in nutrition education, the importance placed upon nutrition, motivation for supplementary activities, barriers, and a triadic relationship between students, teachers, and curriculum. Discussion: Findings reveal interactions within the nutrition education experience in which teachers balance barriers with their value of nutrition education and motivation to help students make healthy choices. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health educators should work with classroom teachers at the program design, implementation, and evaluation stages of curriculum development to better address needs and facilitate the delivery of high-quality nutrition education for students.
Enhancing Quantum Yield via Local Symmetry Distortion in Lanthanide-Based Upconverting Nanoparticles

Lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles exhibit significant promise for solar energy generation, biological imaging, and security technologies but have not seen widespread adoption due to the prohibitively low efficiencies of current materials. Weak transition dipole moments between 4f orbitals hinder both photon absorption and emission. Here, we introduce a novel way to increase the radiative transition rates in Yb,Er-based upconverting nanoparticles based on local symmetry distortion. Beginning from a host matrix of the well-studied hexagonal (β)-phase NaYF4, we incrementally remove Y3+ ions and cosubstitute for them a 1:1 mixture of Gd3+ and Lu3+. These two ions act to expand and contract the lattice, respectively, inducing local-level distortion while maintaining the average host structure. We synthesize a range of β-NaY0.8–2xGdxLuxF4:Yb0.18Er0.02 nanoparticles and experimentally confirm that particle size, phase, global structure, and Yb3+ and Er3+ concentrations remain constant as x is varied. U...
Making science in the Grid world: using glideins to maximize scientific output

The current grid computing model is based on a set of independent computing clusters, with only a thin common software layer among them and grid users are expected to adapt. However, scientists are supposed to do science and time spent on computing problems is subtracting time available for scientific thinking. In this paper we present the glidein approach that aims to make the grid computing as easy as working in a local batch environment.
Dispersion engineered high-Q resonators on a chip

We demonstrate dispersion control in optical resonators over an octave of optical bandwidth. Dispersion is engineered lithographically and Q factor is maintained above 100 million, which is critical for efficient nonlinear devices such as microcombs.
A Critique of "Skinnerism: Materialism Minus The Dialectic"

Mishler (1976) asserts that "the Skinnerian and Marxian approaches are incompatible in critical ways" (p. 24), then proceeds to discuss five issues that he presumes are critical. In response, it is argued that behaviorism and Marxism are complementary , not incompatible; that Mishler's statements to the contrary flow from his failure to distinguish between methodological and radical behaviorism; and that his brand of Marxism is revisionist, not revolutionary.
Acute invasive hemodynamic effects of percutaneous mitral paravalvular leak closure.

Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate the physiologic effects of percutaneous mitral paravalvular leak (PVL) closure through pre- and post-closure left and right heart catheterization. Background Mitral PVL represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality following mitral valve repair and replacement. Although percutaneous PVL closure is an effective treatment with improvements in symptoms and mortality, data regarding the acute hemodynamic effects of such closure are lacking. Methods Consecutive patients with clinically significant heart failure and/or hemolysis attributed to mitral PVL underwent percutaneous mitral PVL closure with pre- and post-procedural right and left heart catheterization. Hemodynamic measurements of cardiovascular function obtained in this manner were compared and stratified according to pre- and post-procedural echocardiographic severity of PVL. Results Twenty-four patients (age 68 ± 9.4 years, 75% male) underwent percutaneous mitral PVL closure. Significant improvements were found in left atrial pressure (LAP) (mean LAP lowered from 21 ± 4 to 19 ± 3 mm Hg, P = 0.005), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) (mean PAP lowered from 36 ± 11 to 33 ± 9, P = 0.04), and cardiac index (increased from 2.8 ± 0.8 to 3.0 ± 0.7 L/min/m2, P = 0.01). Left atrial v-wave reduction of 20% was associated with ≤ mild residual PVL by transesophageal echocardiography (P = 0.09). Conclusions Percutaneous mitral PVL closure is associated with significant reductions in LAP and PAP and an increase in cardiac index. These hemodynamic effects underlie the clinical benefits of PVL closure and may be a useful tool for intraprocedural guidance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Helicobacter pylori Transmission and Outcomes: A Literature Review

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Current clinical recommendations are that H. pylori test-and-treat should be individualized based on co-morbidities and patient preferences among populations at increased risk for certain morbidities. However, knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding H. pylori among potential patient populations are largely unknown. Materials: We conducted a literature review to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of patients or community populations around H. pylori transmission, prevention, and associated morbidity. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, all published between 1997 and 2014. Eight studies evaluated perception of H. pylori among at-risk populations, while one study evaluated perception among a general population. The studies suggest inconsistencies between the perceptions of these populations and the established understanding of knowledge, attitude and preventive practices for H. pylori among even at-risk populations. Conclusions: To adequately respond to current test-and-treat recommendations for treatment of H. pylori, general population education must be implemented, especially among at-risk populations. Further work is needed within at-risk populations in the United States to determine prevalence of H. pylori and their current knowledge if adequate prevention strategies are to be designed.
Intravascular large cell lymphoma of NK/T-cell type, EBV positive.

![Figure][1] A 51-year-old HIV-negative male from El Salvador presented with neurologic symptoms and computed tomography findings of an acute/subacute cerebral infarction. Physical examination identified indurated and hyperpigmented cutaneous lesions on the legs. A skin biopsy revealed an
Dilemmas of Prescriptive Practices and Perceived Alignment in Program Implementation.

This paper studies the early implementation of a school improvement effort in two high schools. We examine what explains variation in the teacher adoption of program practices. Our findings highlig...
The social psychology of the Black Lives Matter meme and movement.

Since the 2012 killing of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin, a string of publicized police killings of unarmed Black men and women has brought sustained attention to the issue of racial bias in the United...
Ecosystem carbon emissions from 2015 forest fires in interior Alaska

In the summer of 2015, hundreds of wildfires burned across the state of Alaska, and consumed more than 1.6 million ha of boreal forest and wetlands in the Yukon–Koyukuk region. Mapping of 113 large wildfires using Landsat satellite images from before and after 2015 indicated that nearly 60% of this area was burned at moderate-to-high severity levels. Field measurements near the town of Tanana on the Yukon River were carried out in July of 2017 in both unburned and 2015 burned forested areas (nearly adjacent to one-another) to visually verify locations of different Landsat burn severity classes (low, moderate, or high; LBS, MBS, HBS). Field measurements indicated that the loss of surface organic layers in boreal ecosystem fires is a major factor determining post-fire soil temperature changes, depth of thawing, and carbon losses from the mineral topsoil layer. Measurements in forest sites showed that soil temperature profiles to 30 cm depth at burned forest sites were higher by an average of 8–10 °C compared to unburned forest sites. Sampling and laboratory analysis indicated a 65% reduction in soil carbon content and a 58% reduction in soil nitrogen content in severely burned sample sites compared to soil mineral samples from nearby unburned spruce forests. Combined with nearly unprecedented forest areas severely burned in the Interior region of Alaska in 2015, total ecosystem fire-related losses of carbon to the atmosphere exceeded most previous estimates for the state, owing mainly to inclusion of potential “mass wasting” and decomposition in the mineral soil carbon layer in the 2 years following these forest fires.
Integration of Massage Therapy in Outpatient Cancer Care.

Background: Massage therapy can be helpful in alleviating cancer-related symptoms and cancer treatment-related symptoms. While surveys have noted that cancer patients seek out massage as a nonpharmacologic approach during cancer treatment, little is known about the integration of massage in outpatient cancer care. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which massage is being integrated into outpatient cancer care at NCI-designated Cancer Centers. Setting: This study used descriptive methods to analyze the integration of massage in NCI-designated Cancer Centers providing clinical services to patients (n = 62). Design: Data were collected from 91.1% of the centers (n = 59) using content analysis and a telephone survey. A dataset was developed and coded for analysis. Main Outcome Measure: The integration of massage was assessed by an algorithm that was developed from a set of five variables: 1) acceptance of treatment as therapeutic, 2) institution offers treatment to patients, 3) clinical practice guidelines in place, 4) use of evidence-based resources to inform treatment, and 5) shared knowledge about treatment among health care team. All centers were scored against all five variables using a six-point scale, with all variables rated equally. Results: The integration of massage ranged from not at all (0) to very high (5) with all five levels of integration evident. Only 11 centers (17.7% of total) rated a very high level of integration; nearly one-third of the centers (n = 22) were found to have no integration of massage at all—not even provision of information about massage to patients through the center website. Conclusions : The findings of this analysis suggest that research on massage is not being leveraged to integrate massage into outpatient cancer care.
Stratification in Drying Films Containing Bidisperse Mixtures of Nanoparticles.

Large scale molecular dynamics simulations for bidisperse nanoparticle suspensions with an explicit solvent are used to investigate the effects of evaporation rates and volume fractions on the nanoparticle distribution during drying. Our results show that “small-on-top” stratification can occur when Pesϕs ≳ c with c ∼ 1, where Pes is the Peclet number and ϕs is the volume fraction of the smaller particles. This threshold of Pesϕs for “small-on-top” is larger by a factor of ∼α2 than the prediction of the model treating solvent as an implicit viscous background, where α is the size ratio between the large and small particles. Our simulations further show that when the evaporation rate of the solvent is reduced, the “small-on-top” stratification can be enhanced, which is not predicted by existing theories. This unexpected behavior is explained with thermophoresis associated with a positive gradient of solvent density caused by evaporative cooling at the liquid/vapor interface. For ultrafast evaporation the g...
Predicting Homework Distraction at the Secondary School Level: A Multilevel Analysis

BackgroundStudents continue to struggle with homework distraction well into the secondary school years. Recently, the concern over homework distraction has been growing, as new electronic media hav...
Power System Oscillation Damping Capability of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)

The increasing amount of wind power generation essentially replaces the conventional synchronous generators of the power system, thereby, reducing the total inertia of the system. Reduced inertia of the system is expected to hamper the system response during contingencies. It is clear that small signal as well as transient rotor angle stability is be affected by the changing dynamics of the power grid. This paper focuses on the impact of increasing DFIG penetration and techniques to overcome the stability issues using DFIG control. The technique of using modified Rotor Side Converter (RSC) control and Grid Side Converter (GSC) control with a supplementary control loop and their capability to damp the power system oscillation have been investigated using modal analysis and non-linear time-domain analysis. The results are evaluated on Kundur two area four machine test system.
Chronic Comorbidities and Receipt of Breast Cancer Screening in United States and Foreign-Born Women: Data from the National Health Interview Survey.

Abstract Objective: Research is limited on how immigrant status affects provider recommendations and adherence to breast cancer screening among women with chronic conditions. This study examined wh...
Influence of Ligand Size and Chelation Strength on Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticle Adsorption and Oxidation Behavior in the Presence of Water Vapor and Liquid Water

The effectiveness of zerovalent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles in applications from water remediation to catalysis is intimately tied to adsorption and oxidation processes at the nanoparticle surface. Un...
RARE AND DE NOVO VARIANTS IN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER

Background Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population. It is likely that the genetic architecture underlying the disorder is complex, and that furthermore some subset of it involves rare and de novo variants of relatively large effect size. Methods We have generated what to our knowledge is the largest high throughput sequencing dataset for this disorder presently in existence. The data consist of over 550 sporadic OCD trios and quartets selected for whole exome sequencing, as well as 150 representative affected members of multiplex families for OCD that were selected for whole genome sequencing. We have carried out an analysis of rare and de novo coding variation within this cohort in order to assess how much it contributes to OCD risk, as well as if there are any single genes with exome-wide significant levels of damaging variant burden. Results In assessing de novo mutation burden in trios, while we don’t observe a marked departure in mutation rate from what is expected, we do note an elevation of damaging de novo variant burden in cases relative to controls (odds ratio=1.3, p=0.097), as well as in individuals with an early age at onset (e.g., Discussion In general, the sequence data we have generated provides further support for a complex genetic architecture in OCD, as well as the need for a larger number of samples for adequate resolution.
Homeless and Runaway Youths

The prevalence of homelessness in the United States has increased dramatically in recent years. Policymakers and the lay public are gradually realizing that homeless persons are no longer primarily single, older, male skid row alcoholics or mentally ill people who “want to live on the streets and refuse our help.”1–2 Homelessness is determined in multiple ways and involves different age groups, including young adults, adolescents, and children.
Effect of copper source and level on performance and copper status of cattle consuming molasses-based supplements.

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the availability of dietary Cu offered to growing beef cattle consuming molasses-based supplements. In Exp. 1, 24 Braford heifers were assigned randomly to bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures (two heifers/ pasture). Heifers were provided 1.5 kg of TDN and 0.3 kg of supplemental CP/heifer daily using a molasses-cottonseed meal slurry. Three treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (four pastures/treatment), providing 100 mg of supplemental Cu daily in the form of either CuSO 4 (inorganic Cu) or organic-Cu. A third treatment offered no supplemental Cu (negative control). Heifer BW was collected at the start and end of the study. Jugular blood and liver samples were collected on d 0, 29, 56, and 84. In Exp. 2, 24 Brahman-crossbred steers were fed the same molasses-cottonseed meal supplement at the same rates used in Exp. 1. Steers were housed in individual pens (15 m 2 ) with free-choice access to stargrass (Cynodon spp.) hay. Four Cu treatments were assigned to individual steers (six pens/treatment) providing 1) 10 ppm of Cu from an organic source; 2) 10 ppm Cu from Tri-basic Cu chloride (TBCC); 3) 30 ppm of Cu from TBCC; or 4) 30 ppm of Cu, a 50:50 ratio of TBCC and organic Cu. Body weights and jugular blood and liver samples were collected on d 0, 24, 48, and 72. In Exp. 1, liver Cu concentrations did not differ between heifers supplemented with inorganic and organic Cu. Each source resulted in increased (P < 0.05) liver Cu concentrations compared with the unsupplemented control. Plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for Cu-supplemented heifers, independent of Cu source. Heifer ADG tended (P = 0.11) to increase with Cu supplementation compared with the unsupplemented control. In Exp. 2, liver Cu was greater (P < 0.05) on d 24, 48, and 72 for steers consuming 30 vs. 10 ppm of Cu. Steers supplemented with organic Cu had lower DMI than steers supplemented with 10 or 30 ppm of TBCC. These data suggest that the inorganic and organic Cu sources evaluated in these studies were of similar availability when offered in molasses supplements. A dietary Cu concentration greater than 10 ppm might be necessary to ensure absorption in beef cattle fed molasses-based supplements.