cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on TTA complexes with metal ions-IV: Investigations of some crystalline forms of uranyl-TTA complex☆

Crystals of uranyl-TTA complex (UO2T2) have been prepared from various solvents. Two different monoclinic forms crystallize from ethanol and methanol, while one basic orthorhombic form crystallizes from benzene or carbon tetrachloride. Single-crystal, powder diffraction, chemical, optical, spectroscopic and melting point data are presented for the different forms. Monoclinic crystals obtained from ethanol and methanol transform to the orthorhombic form on exposure to air. Data are presented on the transformation, which involves an exchange between solvated alcohol and water hydration. The effect of solvated alcohol on the i.r. spectrum is discussed.
The Eight Nuances of Attorney’s Fees in a Copyright Case

This short article reviews the various situations which affect the awarding (or not awarding) of attorney's fees in regard to cases involving copyright litigation. Various details will affect this, such as whether the work was registered with the Copyright Office before the case was filed, whether a party did in fact prevail, if a plaintiff voluntarily dismissed its copyright action, or whether a suit was frivolous or vexatious, among others.
A volumetric framework for the modeling and rendering of dynamic and heterogeneous scenes

This paper presents a novel unified solution -- a general volumetric framework for 3D modeling, interaction, and visualization applications with complex volumetric scenes composed of virtually any types of conventional and unconventional object representations, potentially for a wide range of volumetric applications. As an example, this framework is applied to a general problem of volume modeling, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, flexibility and generality of our volume fusion algorithms for 3D interactive volumetric applications.
Analysis of an insulin gene transcription control element: Positive and negative regulation appears to be mediated by different element sequences

Pancreatic β-cell-type-specific transcription of the insulin gene is controlled by cis-acting sequence elements lying within its enhancer region. An essential element required for expression is the insulin control element (ICE). The activity of this element is regulated by both positive- and negative-acting transcription factors. In this study, we have identified the nucleotide sequences within the ICE that are required for repression in noninsulin producing cells. Our results indicate that the cis-acting sequences involved in negative control are distinct from those required in activating expression in β cells.
The Incoherence of Chomsky’s ‘Biolinguistic’ Ontology

I am indebted to the editors of Biolinguistics for their unsolicited invitation to comment in this forum along with John Collins. A bit of background. 2004 saw the publication of a book of mine whose chapter 11 explicated the harsh claim that a selection from the work of Noam Chomsky was the most irresponsible passage written by a professional linguist in the history of linguistics. The only justification would depend on the claim being both essentially correct and important. Given the extraordinarily influential (even dominant) role which Chomsky’s work has uncontroversially played in the linguistics of the last half century, if the claim of massive irresponsibility is true, there is no way it could fail to be important, at least to linguists. For it would support the view, central to Postal (2004), that much of the persuasive force of Chomsky’s linguistics has been achieved only via a mixture of intellectual and scholarly corruption. So one would only need to focus on issues about the truth of the claim. But I do not intend to revisit directly the responsibility issues of chapter 11; anyone concerned with them can refer to the original. Such a move is in any event unmotivated, since Collins’s remarks do not address most of the criticism in chapter 11 and none of that in other chapters (and of course nothing from Levine & Postal 2004). Rather, the present goal is only to briefly indicate why Chomsky’s ontological position, his so-called biolinguistics, is absurd. The issues of irresponsibility and Chomsky’s ontological position are closely intertwined. It is, I suggest, the hopeless quality of Chomsky’s ontology which underlies the irresponsibility addressed in chapter 11. For the failures of intellectual standards I invoked involved remarks aiming to justify his ontological view. If Chomsky had a defensible position on this matter, he presumably would have defended it seriously over something like the four decades (see fn. 14 below) since he began advancing it. This would have required addressing the extremely strong critiques made of it; these have previously multiply accused the position of being
The Influence of Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits on Academic Development Among Youth

The present study attempted to address developmental differences within the large group of youth with conduct problems through an examination of the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and academic outcomes in an effort to expand the field’s understanding of heterogeneity in outcomes associated with behavior problems. Data were collected from a cohort of 3rd grade students (N = 942; 51 % female; 45.6 % Hispanic/Latino, 41.1 % Black/African American, 4.7 % Non-Hispanic White; mean age = 8.07 years) in eighteen public elementary schools, as well as their parents and teachers. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that callous-unemotional traits were associated with lower quality student–teacher relationships and worse performance on standardized math and reading exams over and above the effects of conduct problems. These findings suggest that school-based interventions may be particularly effective in ameliorating some of the deficits noted within this subset of youth exhibiting conduct problems. This finding has important policy implications as the field of developmental science attempts to design and enrich programs that focus on improving social-emotional learning.
Design and performance of the upgrade of the CMS L1 muon trigger

After the Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) LHC will run at a center of mass energy of 13TeV, providing CMS with proton collisions at an expected luminosity which is almost double the LHC design value of 10 34 cm 2 s 1 , and almost three times the peak luminosity reached during Run1 of 7:7 10 33 cm 2 s 1 . The higher luminosity and center of mass energy of the LHC will raise the Level 1 (L1) muon trigger rate by almost a factor six for a given muon transverse momentum pT threshold. It is therefore necessary to increase the muon (pT) threshold to keep the trigger rate below 100 kHz, the maximum sustainable rate for the CMS detectors. An increase of the L1 trigger thresholds implies a lowering of the e ciency in detecting signals from new physics. The CMS muon trigger is upgraded using custom designed AMC boards, with more powerful FPGAs and larger memories. The upgraded CMS muon trigger system implements pattern recognition and MVA (Boosted Decision Tree) regression techniques in the trigger boards for muon p T assignment, drastically reducing the trigger rate and improving the trigger e ciency. The upgraded system design exploits the redundancy of the CMS muon detectors at a very early stage merging di erent muon detector information already at L1. The pileup subtracted information from the upgraded calorimeter trigger allows to require isolated muons already in the L1 algorithms. The upgrade trigger is also designed to include inputs from GEM, the phase 2 muon detector upgrade in the very high pseudorapidity region.
Generation of finite state machines from parallel program graphs in DIADES

A method is presented for describing parallel program graphs in a high-level synthesis system. Such descriptions are, in general, similar to Karp and Miller parallel program schemata and are more general than Petri nets. It is shown how these graphs are converted to sequential program schemata and then to finite state machines (FSMs) in such a way that the number of states is minimized. The entire FSM synthesizer for control unit synthesis in a comprehensive design automation system is presented and illustrated with a complete example. The synthesizer makes use of inputs and state minimization, state assignment, and logic minimization of FSMs. >
In Pursuit of Zero: Polymer Brushes that Resist the Adsorption of Proteins

Protein resistant or "non-fouling" surfaces are of great interest for a variety of biomedical and biotechnology applications. This article briefly reviews the development of protein resistant surfaces, followed by recent research on a new methodology to fabricate non-fouling surfaces by surface-initiated polymerization. We show that polymer brushes synthesized by surface- initiated polymerization that present short oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains are exceptionally resistant to protein adsorption and cell adhesion. The importance of the protein and cell resistance conferred by these polymer brushes is illustrated by their use as substrates for the fabrication of antibody microarrays that exhibit femtomolar limits of detection in complex fluids such as serum and blood with relaxed requirements for intermediate wash steps. This example highlights the important point that the reduction in background noise afforded by protein-resistant surfaces can greatly simplify the devel- opment of ultrasensitive heterogeneous, surface-based clinical and proteomic assays with increased sensitivity and utility.
A concurrent dynamic task graph

Abstract Task graphs are used for scheduling tasks on shared memory parallel processors when the tasks have dependencies. If the program's task graph is known ahead of time, then the tasks can be statically and optimally allocated to the processors. If the tasks and task dependencies are not known ahead of time (the case in some sparse matrix algorithms), then task scheduling must be performed dynamically. We present a simple algorithm for a concurrent dynamic-task graph. A processor that needs to execute a new task can query the task graph for a new task, and new tasks can be added to the task graph dynamically.
How Denominational Resources Influence Debate about Homosexuality in Mainline Protestant Congregations

A growing body of research examines national conflicts over homosexuality in mainline Protestant denominations, but few studies have explored the concrete ways individual congregations are responding. We focus on thirty mainline Protestant congregations (in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Presbyterian Church [U.S.A.], and the United Methodist Church) in the northeastern United States that have formally considered the issue of homosexuality recently. Based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with these congregations' clergy, we assess how homosexual ity became a public issue in each church and how each denomination influenced the process by which congregations responded. Building on previous research on the relationship between congregations and denominations, we find that denominational resources about homosexuality, primarily in the form of structured educational materials, narrow the range of social processes congregations adopt in response. The more educational resources and structured guidance denominations provided, the nar rower the range of processes congregations took in response.
Laparoscopic Procurement of Kidneys with Multiple Renal Arteries is Associated with Increased Ureteral Complications in the Recipient

This study investigates the effect of renal artery multiplicity on donor and recipient outcomes after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Three-hundred and sixty-one sequential procedures were performed over a 4-year period. Forty-nine involved accessory renal arteries; of these, 36 required revascularization and 13 were small polar vessels and ligated. The 312 remaining kidneys with single arteries served as controls. Study variables included operative times, blood loss, hospital stay, graft function and donor and recipient complications. Kidneys with multiple revascularized arteries had a longer mean warm ischemia time (35.3 vs. 29.2 min, p = 0.0003), and more ureteral complications (6/36 vs. 10/312, p = 0.0013) than single-artery controls. In contrast, ligation of a small superior accessory artery had no significant effect on donor operative time, blood loss, or complication rate while providing similar recipient graft function compared to single-artery controls. Renal artery number is important in selecting the appropriate kidney for laparoscopic procurement. Given the current excellent results with right-sided donor nephrectomy, kidneys with single arteries should be preferentially procured, irrespective of side.
Karl Pearson—The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age by Theodore M. Porter: A Review

Summary Porter presents an excellent account of the young Karl Pearson and his extraordinarily varied activities. These ranged from the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos Exams to German history and folklore, and included free thought, socialism, the woman's question, and the law. Returning to science, Pearson produced the famous Grammar of Science. He decided on a career in statistics only at age 35. Porter emphasizes Pearson's often acrimonious but largely successful battles to show the wide applicability and importance of statistics in many areas of science and public affairs. Eugenics became a passion for Pearson. Avoiding all formulas Porter fails to give any concrete ideas of even Pearson's most important contributions to statistical theory. We try to sketch these here.
Creating Exemplary Literacy Classrooms Through the Power of Teaming

This article explores the potential of a partnership between general teachers and special educators in relation to developing exemplary literacy classrooms. The focus is on how these partners can collaborate effectively to create a classroom literacy program for all learners. Successful teaming practices are highlighted, including the development of shared knowledge and beliefs about literacy learning and fundamentals of teacher collaboration. An example of a partnership between fourth-grade teachers offers ideas for coordinating schedules to maximize teaming opportunities. This example also describes steps teacher-partners can take to plan a comprehensive classroom literacy framework, and ways they can work together to identify and provide appropriate levels of challenge and support for diverse learners. Two students are profiled within the example (one with a mild and one with a significant disability). Descriptions are offered to illustrate how these two students participate in various classroom literacy routines and how their teachers work together to address their individual literacy goals and support needs. We do a lot of give and take. It just works out well. Plus, we do see a lot of results—we see a lot of growth. And that's what's so exciting about it. I think children feel better about themselves too, because they aren't getting pulled out. We had to work out a schedule that was going to work for the kids. The kids are our first priority. Kathy, third-grade teacher
Effectiveness of Cardiac Transplantation for Primary (AL) Cardiac Amyloidosis

A patient is described in whom severe cardiac dysfunction developed from amyloid deposited entirely in the walls and lumens of intramural coronary arteries, underwent cardiac transplantation, survived another 69 months, died suddenly, and at necropsy had amyloid again limited to the walls and lumens of the intramyocardial coronary arteries in the donor heart. The rather lengthy survival in this patient and the 118-month survival in a similar previously reported patient suggests that cardiac transplantation may be an appropriate procedure for some patients with cardiac amyloidosis.
Thermophysical properties of free-standing micrometer-thick Poly(3-hexylthiophene) films

Abstract The solution of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in chloroform is generally adopted for fabricating P3HT thin films or nanofibers. In this work, 4 regular P3HT solution weight percentages, 2, 3, 5 and 7 wt.%, are compounded to fabricate P3HT thin films by using spin-coating technique. Raman spectrum study suggests that the density of the P3HT thin films varies with different P3HT solution weight percentages while X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal structures are identical for all P3HT thin films. The transient electrothermal technique is employed to measure the thermal diffusivity of the P3HT thin films and an efficient temperature–resistance calibration is performed to cooperatively study the thermal conductivity. When the P3HT weight percentage changes from 2% to 7%, the thermal conductivity varies from 1.29 W/m·K to 1.67 W/m·K and the thermal diffusivity goes down from around 10 − 6 m 2 /s to 5 × 10 − 7 m 2 /s. The density of P3HT thin films is also determined from the experimental data. The relationship between the density and thermophysical properties clearly demonstrates that the thermal conductivity increases with density while the thermal diffusivity decreases.
Quantification of the Joint Effect of Wheel Load and Tire Inflation Pressure on Pavement Response

Most pavement design and analysis procedures predict performance on the basis of expected pavement damage under traffic loads expected during design life. Some failure criteria are primarily dependent on wheel loads and almost independent of contact stresses. Others are primarily dependent on normal and shear stresses, not on load magnitude. Wheel load is used as a proxy for tire pressure to account for the effect of contact stresses indirectly. In most pavement design methods, tire-pavement contact stress is assumed to be equal to tire inflation pressure and to be uniformly distributed over a circular area. A methodology that explicitly accounts for the effect of tire inflation pressures and the corresponding contact stresses on pavement response is not available. In this research, pavement responses of typical pavement structures under the combined actions of variable wheel loads and tire pressures were evaluated. A multilayer, linear-elastic computer program was used to estimate three critical pavement responses: longitudinal and transverse tensile strains in asphalt and compressive strains in the subgrade. The differences of the strains estimated by the two models were statistically analyzed to quantify the effect of the assumption of uniform stress over a circular shape. The traditional model proved to be reliable to estimate compressive strains in the subgrade layer. The tensile strains in the asphalt layer under actual contact stress, however, were quite different from those under uniform constant stress. Contrary to initial expectation, for the general case, the assumption of uniform stresses is a conservative approach.
A molecular model for the dependence of the osmotic pressure of bovine serum albumin upon concentration and pH

Expressions derived from the effective hard particle model of Minton and Edelhoch (Biopolymers, 21 (1982) 451) account quantitatively for the combined data of Kanal et al. (Biophys. J., 66 (1994) 153) describing the osmotic pressure of bovine serum albumin as a function of protein concentration (⩽ ca. 100 g/l) and pH (3–8) in buffered 0.1 M NaCl. The best fit of the model yields a molar mass of 68360 and a pH-dependent value of the effective specific volume ranging from a minimum of −0.17 cm3/g at pH 4.6 (the isoelectric point) to maxima of 3.1 cm3/g at pH 3.0 and 2.2 cm3/g at pH 8.0. These values are shown to be consistent with the magnitude of known attractive and repulsive electrostatic interactions between proteins in solution.
Legislative Advocacy and Human Service Nonprofits: What Are We Doing?

The purpose of this study was to determine institutional factors that predict overall advocacy participation and the targets of advocacy chosen by a group of human service nonprofits. Results from the administered survey showed that knowledge of the lobbying law was a significant predictor of overall advocacy participation as well as of advocacy targets. The percentage of restricted funding was also a significant predictor of advocacy targets. Results support previous research showing that human service nonprofits are involved in advocacy; however, it also questions the level of advocacy involvement. Implications for practice, research, and social work education are discussed.
Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: beyond the haemodynamic changes.

The first two mini-reviews relate to erectile dysfunction, but of different causes. The first of these, from Boston, will update the reader on vasculogenic erectile dysfunction, and the second from Melbourne will describe the neurophysiology of nerve injury and regeneration after radical prostatectomy, and review the work which has been carried out on the use of cutaneous nerves to help this process. The other two mini-reviews come from Dublin and London, respectively. The first describes the side-effects of treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer and the second describes the structural characterisation of myofibroblasts in the bladder.
Dependence on energy and aerobic metabolism of initiation of DNA synthesis and mitosis by G1 and G2 cells

Abstract Following establishment by carbohydrate starvation of a stationary phase in pea root tip meristems, the requirements for initiation of cell proliferation were investigated. Entry of G1 cells into S (DNA synthesis), G2 cells into M (mitosis) and progression of G1 cells through S and G2 into mitosis were prevented by carbohydrate starvation, anaerobiosis or treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenol. The data show that (a) both DNA synthesis and mitosis require aerobic conditions and are energy-dependent and (b) events prior to the initiation of these processes have relatively greater energy requirements than the rest of the mitotic cycle.
Influential Factors in the Adoption and Use of E-Business and E-Commerce Information Technology EEIT by Small & Medium Businesses

This study addresses factors commonly examined in the research concerning adoption and use of e-business and e-commerce information technology EEIT by small and medium enterprises SMEs. The primary objectives are to determine: 1 what barriers and incentives SMEs perceive in adopting EEIT; 2 how the level of adoption of EEIT influences perceptions of incentives and barriers; and 3 whether results vary depending on demographic characteristics of size, geographic market scope, or industry sector. This paper also examines how homogenous SMEs' perceptions are in their consideration of EEIT adoption factors. Data were collected from 290 U.S. SMEs. The findings revealed that among 25 factors identified in the research literature as incentives or barriers to adoption of EEIT by SMEs, only 16 factors were significant in the population studied, 12 as incentives and four as barriers. Factors were perceived differently as incentives or barriers by adopters, intended adopters, and non-adopters of EEIT. A number of differences were found among SMEs based on demographic characteristics, particularly size and industry-sector.
Ethnicity, social class, and perception of hyperactivity

This paper examines the relationship between ethnicity and hyperactivity, an area largely neglected in research on hyperactivity. The assumption that hyperactivity is uniformly distributed across ethnic groups is challenged, based on a large (N = 1719) sample of white, black, and Mexican-American elementary school children. The Abbreviated Conners Teacher Rating Scale was used to identify the hyperactive group. Two important findings emerged. First, the 15% overall incidence rate is substantially higher than previously reported in the literature for large samples. Second, in those schools with nonwhite majorities, teachers rated black children as significantly more often hyperactive and Mexican-American children as significantly less often hyperactive than would be expected, based on their representation in the general student body. These findings are interpreted from a sociological perspective.
A host computer system for software development

The use of minicomputers as subsystem components with minimum hardware configurations has led to the need for software development tools on a large-scale "host" computer. Such a package is being developed for the Honeywell 600/6000 series computers to provide a FORTRAN compiler, assembler, simulator, and debug capability. A FORTRAN cross compiler system is described which accepts enhanced ANSI-standard FORTRAN and produces assembly-level source code for the target computer, while allowing initial algorithm checkout to be performed directly on the host computer. An integrated assembler-simulator-debug package is briefly described which will allow simulation of a target computer program with full debug control at both the FORTRAN source and assembly level.
Plus ça change? Transformation and continuity among east European elites

Abstract Ostensibly democratic elites drawn largely from the non-communist intelligentsia have taken over the most prominent positions in the “new” political systems of East Central Europe. To what extent do they resemble either their interwar or communist predecessors? The answer is complex, but even prior to the return of post-communists to a share of power in Poland, certain similarities were apparent. The present elites come largely from what one former dissident has called the “lower nobility” of the communist era; most lived fairly comfortably under the old order and many contributed significantly to its support system. Like their predecessors, they are perceived as being remote from public concerns, and many have yet to learn the accommodative and bargaining skills associated with politics in longer-established democracies.
Transformation of ns TCP models to TED

This paper considers problems that arise when transforming TCP models developed using the ns simulator, to the TeD meta-language. The raison d'etre for this project is to evaluate the potential of TeD as the target of an automated simulation model transformation system, so as to exploit the considerable existing modeling work that has already been conducted using ns. By transforming ns models to TeD we hope to provide high performance parallel simulation to detailed and accurate network models.
Solvent Effects on Template Wetting Nanofabrication of MEH-PPV Nanotubules

Template wetting is simple, solution-based nanofabrication technique that has previously been demonstrated for a number of different polymers. Like other solution-based polymer processing methods, it is reasonable to expect that the choice of solvent will have a significant impact on the properties of the resulting structures. This work examines the impact of wetting solvent on the properties of poly(2-methoxy-5-2′-ethylhexyloxy-1,4-phenylenevinlyene) (MEH-PPV) nanotubules formed using this method. The strength of solvent−polymer interaction was found to positively correspond to the degree of polymer chain alignment in the resulting nanotubules. Alignment was indicated by the level of dichroism observed using polarized FTIR spectroscopy, with no preferential alignment observed when using the poorest solvent (chlorobenzene) and dichroic ratios greater than 10 observed when “good” solvents chloroform and tetrahydrofuran were employed. The degree of alignment in turn correlated to a greater effective conjuga...
Ultra-low thermal conductivity in W/Al2O3 nanolaminates.

Atomic layer deposition and magnetron sputter deposition were used to synthesize thin-film multilayers of W/Al 2 O 3 . With individual layers only a few nanometers thick, the high interface density produced a strong impediment to heat transfer, giving rise to a thermal conductivity of ∼0.6 watts per meter per kelvin. This result suggests that high densities of interfaces between dissimilar materials may provide a route for the production of thermal barriers with ultra-low thermal conductivity.
Caregiver Burden in Alzheimer Disease: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Patient Correlates

Objectives Alzheimer disease (AD) imposes a severe burden on patients and their caregivers. Although there is substantial evidence of the adverse impact of burden, considerably less is known about its specific correlates and potential causes. Design The authors use data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE)-AD study to examine the relationship of burden and depression among AD caregivers to patient and caregiver sociodemographic characteristics, patients' cognitive status, psychiatric and behavioral symptoms, functional abilities, quality of life, and intensity of care provided by caregivers. Setting CATIE-AD included outpatients in usual care settings and assessed treatment outcomes during 9 months. Participants Data were examined from 421 ambulatory outpatients with a diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type or probable AD with agitation or psychosis. Measures: The Burden Interview, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Caregiver Distress Scale were used to evaluate caregiver burden. Results More severe psychiatric and behavioral problems and decreased patient quality of life, as well as lower functional capability were significantly associated with higher levels of burden and depression among caregivers at baseline. Six-month changes showed that decreased symptoms and improved quality of life were associated with decreased burden and accounted for most of the explained variance in change in burden measures. Conclusion Severity of psychiatric symptoms, behavioral disturbances, and patients' quality of life are the main correlates of caregivers' experience burden. Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions targeting these two aspects of the disorder are likely to not only alleviate patient suffering but also promote caregiver well-being.
Degradation of poly(acrylates) under SF5+ primary ion bombardment studied using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. 1. Effect of main chain and pendant methyl groups

Polyatomic primary ions have been applied recently to the depth profiling of organic materials by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Polyatomic primary ions offer low penetration depth and high damage removal rates in some polymers, but the relationship between polymer chemistry and degradation under polyatomic primary ion bombardment has not been studied systematically. In this study, positive and negative ion time-of-flight SIMS (ToF-SIMS) was used to measure the damage of ∼100 nm thick spin-cast poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), films under extended (∼2 × 1014 ions cm−2) 5 keV SF5+ bombardment. These polymers were compared to determine the effect of the main chain and pendant methyl groups on their degradation under SF5+ bombardment. The sputter rate of PMMA was approximately twice that of PMA or PMAA and the rate of damage accumulation was higher for PMA and PMAA than PMMA, suggesting that the main chain and pendant methyl groups played an important role in the degradation of these polymers under SF5+ bombardment. These results are consistent with the literature on the thermal and radiation-induced degradation of these polymers, which show that removal of the main chain or pendant methyl groups reduces the rate of depolymerization and increases the rate of intra- or intermolecular cross-linking. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
U.S. Bank Behavior in the Wake of the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis

The paper examines the slowdown of lending by large U.S. banks over the period 2007Q3 - 2009Q2, focusing on: (i) whether capital or liquidity was the binding constraint; (ii) factors influencing banks’ decision to hold capital; and (iii) their pricing behavior. Using quarterly data for the largest U.S. banks, the paper finds that capital, rather than liquidity, constrained lending. Banks took actions to increase capital by slowing lending and raising profit margins, not fully passing through the Federal Reserve’s interest rate cuts. Banks optimally choose capital based on the expected future demand for loans and the marginal cost of capital.
A spin-vorticity relation for unidirectional plane flows of micropolar fluids

Abstract The field equations of micropolar fluid theory are applied to consider transient unidirectional plane flows. The relative angular velocity is introduced and maximum and minimum principles of parabolic partial differential equations are utilized to establish a spin-vorticity relation which is valid for very general boundary and initial conditions on spin.
System justification in organizational contexts: How a Motivated preference for the status quo can affect organizational attitudes and behaviors

Abstract In this chapter, we put forth the premise that people's motivated tendency to justify and defend their external systems has important, and largely unexplored, implications for the field of organizational behavior. Drawing on recent theoretical and empirical work emerging from System Justification Theory ( Jost & Banaji, 1994 ), we propose that people's desire to view prevailing structural arrangements in a positive light may uniquely contribute to our understanding of the psychology of people in organizational settings. We begin by specifically highlighting System Justification Theory's implications for: organizational change, employee citizenship behaviors, and integration of a diverse workforce. We then review empirical work on the situations in which people's system-justification motive is likely to be particularly pronounced and discuss how these situations may manifest in organizational contexts. Following this, we describe several streams of research on the consequences of the system-justification motive, with a focus on the implications of these findings for organizational members’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors in the workplace.
Modulation of skeletal muscle antioxidant defense by exercise: Role of redox signaling

Contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species has been shown to cause oxidative stress to skeletal muscle. As an adaptive response, muscle antioxidant defense systems are upregulated in response to exercise. Nuclear factor kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase are two major oxidative-stress-sensitive signal transduction pathways that have been shown to activate the gene expression of a number of enzymes and proteins that play important roles in maintenance of intracellular oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. This mini-review will discuss the main mechanisms and gene targets for these signaling pathways during exercise and the biological significance of the adaptation.
The role of electron-phonon coupling in the formation of clustered vacancy defects in elemental metals from heavy-ion irradiation

Abstract The role of electron-phonon coupling in reducing the lifetime of the thermal spike of a collision cascade has been examined by calculating the power absorbed by the electronic system of the lattice and comparing the data with published results for the defect yield in a wide variety of elemental metals. A modified version of TRIM has been used to calculate the cascade energy density for all the irradiation conditions and materials considered. A strong dependence of the efficiency of dislocation loop production (defect yield) on the cascade energy density was determined, and only at constant cascade energy density were variations in the defect yield for different materials compared. Good correlation was found between the strength of electron-phonon coupling and the defect yield data for those materials that exhibit strong electron-phonon coupling. As the strength of this coupling decreased, other factors which influence the molten zone lifetime, such as the melting temperature, were found to become...
Postnatal left ventricular diastolic function after fetal aortic valvuloplasty.

Fetal aortic balloon valvuloplasty (FAV) has shown promise in altering in utero progression of aortic stenosis to hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In patients who achieve a biventricular circulation after FAV, left ventricular (LV) compliance may be impaired. Echocardiographic indexes of diastolic function were compared between patients with biventricular circulation after FAV, congenital aortic stenosis (AS), and age-matched controls. In the neonatal period, patients with FAV had similar LV, aortic, and mitral valve dimensions but more evidence of endocardial fibroelastosis than patients with AS. Patients with FAV underwent more postnatal cardiac interventions than patients with AS (p = 0.007). Mitral annular early diastolic tissue velocity (E′) was lower in patients with FAV and those with AS and controls in the neonatal period and over follow-up (p
Enthalpy for Pyrolysis for Several Types of Biomass

This study utilizes a pilot-scale pyrolysis system to determine the enthalpy for pyrolysis for Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra), Western White Pine (Pinus monticola), corn stover, and oat hulls. The analytical method uses an energy balance on a pyrolytic reactor. The energy required is measured at a fast pyrolysis reactor temperature near 500 °C using nitrogen as an inert fluidizing agent in a fluidized bed reactor. On a dry basis, the energy necessary to pyrolyze these fuels varies between 0.8 ± 0.2 MJ/kg for oat hulls and 1.6 ± 0.3 MJ/kg for pine.
Work climate and Type A status as predictors of job satisfaction: A test of the interactional perspective

Abstract The present study investigated whether Type A status interacted with individual perceptions of work climate in predicting the job satisfaction of a national sample (n = 1104) of accountants. Results from hierarchial regression analyses indicated that Type A significantly interacted with the Litwin and Stringer (1968) organizational climate factors of Risk and Pressure-Standards in predicting intrinsic job satisfaction. However, the effect sizes for these interactions were less than one-half percent, thus demonstrating little practical significance. A main effect for Type A was also significant, with Type As reporting higher intrinsic satisfaction than Type Bs. No Type A effect was found for extrinsic satisfaction. Overall, the results failed to support an interactional perspective. On the other hand, these findings contribute to a growing awareness of the positive effects of Type A in work-related areas such as job satisfaction and performance.
Temporary unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion: a method for controlling Swan-Ganz catheter-induced hemoptysis.

Abstract A patient undergoing mitral and aortic valve replacement suffered catheter-induced pulmonary artery trauma and massive hemoptysis during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Hemorrhage ceased when the ipsi-lateral pulmonary artery was occluded. Forty-eight hours later the temporary band was removed, and the patient did well without further bleeding.
Targeting cyclooxygenase-2 in human neoplasia: Rationale and promise

We apologize to the many laboratories whose contribution to this field could not be discussed or cited. Due to space limitations, many primary references were omitted. Support from the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA89578, R01 CA82578) and the Botwinick-Wolfensohn Foundation (in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Botwinick) is gratefully acknowledged.
Epitaxial Processes For Multilayer Electronic Device Structures

A review of materials technologies for the growth of multilayer device structures is given. It is concluded that new device structures employing ultrathin layers and abrupt interfaces will be grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The relative contributions of termites and microarthropods to fluff grass litter disappearance in the Chihuahuan Desert.

We tested the hypotheses that both subterranean termites and soil microarthropods are important in the disappearance of fluff grass (Erioneuron pulchellum) litter on the soil surface by an experiment designed to separate termite and microarthropod effects. Subterranean termites (Gnathamitermes tubiformans) removed more than 50% of the fluff grass litter in one year.Since there was no difference in mass loss of fluff grass with microarthropods present or excluded, they had no effect on decomposition of fluff grass litter. Microarthropod densities increased during the first 3 months then slowly decreased. The densities of microarthropods in fluff grass litter were too low to have a measurable effect on decomposition even if we assumed that the microarthropods consumed litter equivalent to their body weight each day.
The use of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique to obtain ultra-thin polar films

Abstract The piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of oriented films possessing dipole moments are increasingly being used in pressure, acoustic, thermal and optical devices. The performance of these devices in many applications may be enhanced by thin-film technology.The developing Langmuir-Blodgett thin-film deposition technique offers the opportunity to obtain highly oriented and uniform organic-based films in the 10–5000 nm thickness range. Special techniques must be used, however, to assemble these molecules in such a way as to result in polar multilayer films. Several possible deposition techniques are investigated, with one resulting in a polar and pyroelectric film about 50 nm thick.
Unexpected Structural Diversity in DNA Recombination: The Restriction Endonuclease Connection

Abstract Transposition requires a coordinated series of DNA breakage and joining reactions. The Tn7 transposase contains two proteins: TnsA, which carries out DNA breakage at the 5′ ends of the transposon, and TnsB, which carries out breakage and joining at the 3′ ends of the transposon. TnsB is a member of the retroviral integrase superfamily whose hallmark is a conserved DDE motif. We report here the structure of TnsA at 2.4 A resolution. Surprisingly, the TnsA fold is that of a type II restriction endonuclease. Thus, Tn7 transposition involves a collaboration between polypeptides, one containing a DDE motif and one that does not. This result indicates that the range of biological processes that utilize restriction enzyme–like folds also includes DNA transposition.
Intermittency in second-order phase transitions.

It is shown that self-similar behavior in multiplicity fluctuations exists in the Ginzburg-Landau description of second-order phase transitions. Furthermore, there exists a numerical exponent that characterizes the intermittency properties in the hadronic phase and is independent of the specific values of the coefficients in the Ginzburg-Landau potential. Current data on intermittency are only 2\ensuremath{\sigma} away from the critical exponent.
Water Quality in Standing-Water Ponds for Winter Production of Rainbow Trout in Alabama

Abstract Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were stocked at 3,700, 6,200, and 8,650 fish per hectare on November 16, 1977, in standing-water ponds at Auburn, Alabama. Each treatment was replicated four times. Fish were fed daily with commercial, floating trout feed. Average net production values, in order of increasing stocking rates, were 700, 1,130, and 1,640 kg/hectare at harvest on March 16, 1978. Feed conversion values (weight feed ÷ net production) ranged from 1.15 to 1.27. The winter was cooler than normal and water temperatures never exceeded 19 C (average, 9 C). Feed consumption by rainbow trout is reduced at water temperatures below 10 C. Other water quality variables were within desirable ranges for rainbow trout. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) at dawn were closely correlated with water temperatures. Nighttime DO budgets for ponds indicated that DO dynamics were dominated by diffusion.
Synthesis and analysis of injection‐molded nanocomposites of recycled high‐density polyethylene incorporated with graphene nanoflakes

Recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was incorporated with graphene nanoflakes in a solvent at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 wt%), and then the mechanical, thermal, electrical, and surface hydrophobic properties of the resultant nanocomposites were determined using universal tensile testing, thermal comparative, capacitance bridge, and goniometer techniques, respectively. The test results revealed that the mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of the polymer matrix nanocomposites were increased as a function of graphene concentrations, whereas the surface hydrophobic values were slightly increased at lower concentrations and then reduced at higher concentrations. These improvements occur mainly because of the excellent properties of graphene nanoflakes, such as tensile strength (150 GPa), Young's modulus (1.0 TPa), thermal conductivity (4,840–5,300 W/m K), electrical conductivity (1.3 × 106 S/cm), electrical current density (1013 A/cm2), surface hydrophobicity (>120°), and surface smoothness/roughness (<1 nm). The worldwide consumption of polymeric products has been drastically growing, and consequently polymeric waste materials have been rising up, as well. Although the plastic recycling and reprocessing rates are considerably high, physical properties and economical values of the recycled plastics are significantly low, limiting the reuse of recycled plastics in many industrial applications. As a result, this study provides a detailed explanation of how to improve recycled plastics into highly valued new products for applications in various industries, such as transportation, energy, electronic, construction, and so forth. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1565–1573, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Stabilities of Hilbert space contraction semigroups revisited

A necessary and sufficient condition for exponential stability of Hilbert space contraction semigroups is obtained in terms of an inequality involving the dissipative norm associated with the generator of the semigroup and with the Hilbert space norm.
Changes in extracellular potassium and calcium concentration and neural activity during prolonged electrical stimulation of the cat cerebral cortex at defined charge densities.

Abstract In cats anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane, ion-selective microelectrodes were used to monitor changes in the concentration of potassium [K + ] 0 and calcium [Ca 2+ ] 0 in the extracellular compartment of the cerebral cortex during as long as 4 h of continuous stimulation of the cortical surface. At stimulus charge densities shown to induce only minimal localized histologic changes [20 μC/cm 2 ·ph at 50 pulses per second (pps)], [K + ] 0 at a depth of about 750 μm underwent only a transient increase at the beginning of stimulation, followed by a rapid return to the prestimulus concentration. [Ca 2+ ] 0 was unaffected. At a higher charge density (100 μC/cm 2 ·ph at 20 pps) there was a rapid transient increase in [K + ] 0 , followed by a more gradual return to a plateau about 1 m m above the prestimulus value. [Ca 2+ ] 0 usually underwent an initial increase followed by a slow decrease to a plateau value above 0.5 m m . At a charge density of 100 μC/cm 2 ·ph and 50 pps (shown in histological studies to induce significant neural damage), [Ca 2+ ] 0 slowly decreased to near or below 0.5 m m in the middle layers of the cortex. After 30 to 40 min of stimulation, [K + ] 0 underwent episodic fluctuations about a plateau value 0.5 to 1 m m above the prestimulus concentration. Simultaneous recordings of the compound action potential in the ipsilateral pyramidal tract indicated that these fluctuations were due to local changes in the excitability of intracortical circuitry conditioned by the intense stimulation. The results have implications for the possible interrelation of the changes in extracellular ionic concentrations and the early stages of stimulation-induced neural damage.