cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiences of an outpatient infusion center with intravenous magnesium therapy for status migrainosus.

Abstract Objectives Exploratory study to investigate the effectiveness of intravenous magnesium as an abortive for status migrainosus in an outpatient infusion center, and characterize the patients who benefit from the therapy. Patients & methods Retrospective analysis of 234 migraine patients who received IV magnesium as a headache abortive, at the headache clinic of University of Southern California. Additional intramuscular (IM) injections for nausea (prochlorperazine, odansetron, metoclopramide) or for refractory pain (ketorolac, dexamethasone, sumatriptan, dihydroergotamine), were administered as necessary. Immediately before and after treatment, self-reported pain levels were recorded using an 11-point numeric pain rating scale (0–10). Results Our patient sample has a mean age of 44 years and was predominantly female (79%). 36 (19%) had migraine with aura. Overall, pain score decreased from 5.46±2.39 to 3.56 ± 2.75 (P Conclusion For a subset of patients with status migrainosus, IV magnesium therapy results in clinically significant pain relief without the need for intramuscular pain medications. Therefore, IV magnesium may be useful as a cost-effective first-line parental therapy for status migrainosus, especially for patients who initially present with lower pain intensity.
Cross-lingual Multi-Level Adversarial Transfer to Enhance Low-Resource Name Tagging

We focus on improving name tagging for low-resource languages using annotations from related languages. Previous studies either directly project annotations from a source language to a target language using cross-lingual representations or use a shared encoder in a multitask network to transfer knowledge. These approaches inevitably introduce noise to the target language annotation due to mismatched source-target sentence structures. To effectively transfer the resources, we develop a new neural architecture that leverages multi-level adversarial transfer: (1) word-level adversarial training, which projects source language words into the same semantic space as those of the target language without using any parallel corpora or bilingual gazetteers, and (2) sentence-level adversarial training, which yields language-agnostic sequential features. Our neural architecture outperforms previous approaches on CoNLL data sets. Moreover, on 10 low-resource languages, our approach achieves up to 16% absolute F-score gain over all high-performing baselines on cross-lingual transfer without using any target-language resources.
Triazolines. XXXIII. Nonregiospecific 1,3‐cycloaddition of aryl azides to vinylpyridines: A unique route to the synthesis of 2‐pyridyl substituted aziridines via unstable 4‐pyridyltriazoline intermediates

The 1,3-cycloaddition of aryl azides to the olefinic bonds of 4- and 2-vinylpyridines has been found to yield pyridyl substituted aziridines as the main reaction products with only smaller amounts of the normally expected l-aryl-5-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazolincs. Theoretical and experimental evidence are provided to explain the results: based on the fact that the olefinic bonds in 4- and 2-vinylpyridines are electron-deficient, azide addition can be expected to be not regiospecific. In the bidirectional addition reaction, the HOMOazide- LUMOolefin interaction predominates leading to unstable l-aryl-4-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazolines, which, unlike the more stable 5-pyridyl compounds, lose nitrogen under thermal conditions to yield the aziridines. At room temperature, the reactions yield the aziridine along with the l-aryl-4-pyridyltriazole, providing evidence for the formation of the 4-pyridyltriazoline intermediate. Reaction of the vinylpyridines with variously substituted phenyl azides, clearly indicates that the electron donating methyl and methoxy groups on the phenyl azide facilitate reaction, while the electron withdrawing nitro group has a retarding effect. This is consistent with an increase in the HOMOazide energy and hence in azide reactivity. According to the FMO model, the 1,3-cycloaddition of aryl azides to vinylpyridines appears to be predominantly, but not exclusively, a HOMOazide-LUMOolefin interaction and provides a unique route to the synthesis of 2-pyridyl substituted aziridines.
Validation of the Maxillary Sinus Roof as a Landmark for Navigating the Pediatric Skull Base

Objective:To define a new anatomic relationship in pediatric sinus surgery, assessing the maxillary roof as a constant safe landmark to avoid skull base injury in the pediatric population.Study Des...
Anatomical and Behavioral Assessment of Larval Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Reared in Anacostia River Water Samples

Rapid urbanization, industrial activity, and runoff have all played a role in transforming the Anacostia River from a biologically rich ecosystem to an ecologically threatened environment facing extensive pollution. In recent decades, numerous groups have worked to document and begin to address pollution in the waterway, but few have examined the biological impact of these contaminants. To assess water quality, the current study examined the effects of Anacostia water on early fish development and behavior using zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish embryos and larvae were reared in water samples collected from the Washington Navy Yard from 0–30dpf (days post fertilization). At 7, 15, 20, and 30dpf, larvae were subsampled for morphological (length, girth, eye diameter, inter-eye distance) and behavioral (angular velocity, total distance traveled, swimming velocity, total activity duration, time immobile, frequency and duration of burst swimming, time at the edge of the dish) assessment. Water samples were processed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) to identify major organic contaminants. Results indicated the presence of 13 bioactive organic contaminants, including siloxane species and hormone derivatives, and accelerated growth and altered swim behaviors in Anacostia-exposed fish after 30 days of exposure. These findings emphasize sublethal but significant impacts of exposure to organic contaminants experienced by fish residing in urban waterways.
Factors Associated with Reconstruction in Patients Undergoing Mastectomy.

Postmastectomy reconstruction has been shown to be oncologically safe, but few studies have investigated factors influencing the type of reconstruction chosen, if at all. Records of female patients...
Pediatric lung transplant: Correlation of pretransplant condition with post-transplant outcomes.

Background It is generally accepted that patients who have greater functional capacity are better candidates for lung transplantation. Accurate assessment of physical condition is important in identifying appropriate candidates for transplant. The focus of this study was to determine which measures of pretransplant physical condition correlate with positive post-transplant outcomes in children undergoing lung transplant. Methods A retrospective chart review was done on 44 patients, ages 5 to 21 years. The pretransplant data collected included functional status, 6MWT, ambulatory status, and mechanical support. Post-transplant outcome data included time on the ventilator, days in the ICU, length of hospitalization, and 12-month survival. Results Results were analyzed using Fisher exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Patients with limited ambulation had more days in the ICU compared to the most ambulatory group (P = .043). Patients independent or needing some help with ADL had less time on the ventilator compared to patients needing total help. (P = .014). Patients with 6MWT result greater than 500' had fewer ICU days (P = .044) and marginally better 12-month survival (P = .057). The 12-month survival of children needing invasive ventilatory support pretransplant was not significantly worse than those who did not; however, they required significantly more time on the ventilator (P = .004), days in ICU (P = .013), and longer hospitalization. Discussion This study demonstrated that pretransplant physical condition affects post-transplant outcomes in children. Measures associated with positive post-transplant outcomes were identified and could be beneficial in determining which patients are optimal candidates for lung transplant.
RAPTOR Observations of the Early Optical Afterglow from GRB 050319

The RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) system at Los Alamos National Laboratory observed GRB 050319 starting 25.4 s after γ-ray emission triggered the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board the Swift satellite. Our well-sampled light curve of the early optical afterglow is composed of 32 points (derived from 70 exposures) that measure the flux decay during the first hour after the GRB. The GRB 050319 light curve measured by RAPTOR can be described as a relatively gradual flux decline (power-law index α = -0.38) with a transition, at about ~400 s after the GRB, to a faster flux decay (α = -0.91). The addition of other available measurements to the RAPTOR light curve suggests that another emission component emerged after ~104 s. We hypothesize that the early afterglow emission is powered by extended energy injection or delayed reverse-shock emission followed by the emergence of forward-shock emission.
Best practices in serving college student Veterans: A scoping review

LAY SUMMARY Student Veterans are enrolling in college at increasingly rapid rates after separating from the military. Colleges and universities are urged to evaluate and redesign programs targeted ...
Student Participation in University and Law School Governance

This article examines the means by which American law schools have permitted reasonable student participation in governance without threatening the academic freedom of law school faculties - a threat which the European experience demonstrates is very real.
Sensing super-position: visual instrument sensor replacement

The coming decade of fast, cheap and miniaturized electronics and sensory devices opens new pathways for the development of sophisticated equipment to overcome limitations of the human senses. This project addresses the technical feasibility of augmenting human vision through sensing super-position using a visual instrument sensory organ replacement (VISOR). The current implementation of the VISOR device translates visual and other passive or active sensory instruments into sounds, which become relevant when the visual resolution is insufficient for very difficult and particular sensing tasks. The sensing super-position device increases the image resolution perception and is obtained via an auditory representation as well as the visual representation. Auditory mapping is performed to distribute an image in time. The three-dimensional spatial brightness and multi-spectral maps of a sensed image are processed using real-time image processing techniques (e.g., histogram normalization) and transformed into a two-dimensional map of an audio signal as a function of frequency and time. This paper details the approach of developing sensing super-position systems as a way to augment the human vision system by exploiting the capabilities of the human hearing system as an additional neural input. The human hearing system is capable of learning to process and interpret extremely complicated and rapidly changing auditory patterns. The known capabilities of the human hearing system to learn and understand complicated auditory patterns provided the basic motivation for developing an image-to-sound mapping system.
Computational methods and resources for the interpretation of genomic variants in cancer

The recent improvement of the high-throughput sequencing technologies is having a strong impact on the detection of genetic variations associated with cancer. Several institutions worldwide have been sequencing the whole exomes and or genomes of cancer patients in the thousands, thereby providing an invaluable collection of new somatic mutations in different cancer types. These initiatives promoted the development of methods and tools for the analysis of cancer genomes that are aimed at studying the relationship between genotype and phenotype in cancer. In this article we review the online resources and computational tools for the analysis of cancer genome. First, we describe the available repositories of cancer genome data. Next, we provide an overview of the methods for the detection of genetic variation and computational tools for the prioritization of cancer related genes and causative somatic variations. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives in cancer genomics focusing on the impact of computational methods and quantitative approaches for defining personalized strategies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Crystal Structure of PMM/PGM: An Enzyme in the Biosynthetic Pathway of P. aeruginosa Virulence Factors

The enzyme phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM) from P. aeruginosa is required for the biosynthesis of two bacterial exopolysaccharides: alginate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both of these molecules play a role in the virulence of P. aeruginosa, an important human pathogen known for its ability to develop antibiotic resistance and cause chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. The crystal structure of PMM/PGM shows that the enzyme has four domains, three of which have a similar three-dimensional fold. Residues from all four domains of the protein contribute to the formation of a large active site cleft in the center of the molecule. Detailed information on the active site of PMM/PGM lays the foundation for structure-based inhibitor design. Inhibitors of sufficient potency and specificity should impair the biosynthesis of alginate and LPS, and may facilitate clearance of the bacteria by the host immune system and increase the efficacy of conventional antibiotic treatment against chronic P. aeruginosa infections.
Quantifying elemental sulfur (S0), bisulfide (HS−) and polysulfides (Sx2−) using a voltammetric method

Abstract Free polysulfides (S42−), elemental sulfur (S0) and bisulfide (HS−) can be separated at discrete peak potentials using either cyclic voltammetry (CV) or linear sweep voltammetry (LS) with extremely fast scan rates. A scan rate of 1000 mV/s was found to be optimal for peak separation. Differences in the nucleophilic nature of Sx2− versus HS− and the electrochemical irreversibility of the S0 in Sx2− allowed for peak separation. For 10 μM solutions at a scan rate of 1000 mV/s, peak potentials were found to occur at −0.66 V for HS− and −0.69 V for S0. S42− was found to give two discrete peaks at −0.70 and −0.81 V, representing a two step mechanism. In mixed laboratory standards, all the three sulfur species were uniquely identified. Flectrochemical analyses revealed similar peak separation patterns under different environmental conditions, ranging from estuarine pore waters to hydrothermal vents. In estuarine sediments, the sulfur speciation was found to change throughout a core profile, with S0 dominant in the top layers (0–6 cm), Sx2− dominant in the transition zone (6–7 cm), and HS− dominant in the deeper sediment (>7 cm). In hydrothermal vent waters, different regions were observed to have different sulfur speciation. In diffuse flow regions away from chimneys containing trace O2 concentrations, polysulfides, elemental sulfur and bisulfide were discretely identified.
Complex Sentence Processing: A Review of Theoretical Perspectives on the Comprehension of Relative Clauses

A major goal of psycholinguistics is to gain a better understanding of how syntactically complex sentences are processed. Pursuit of this goal has frequently focused on the contrast between objectand subject-extracted relative clauses (RCs). Although a large body of literature demonstrates that comprehension is more difficult for object RCs than for subject RCs, the proposed explanations for this processing asymmetry are diverse and hotly debated. This article reviews theoretical accounts of RC processing in terms of whether they characterize the critical differences in comprehension difficulty as arising from memory processes, interpretive processes, or processes tuned to the frequency with which different types of language are encountered. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms that enable us to process and comprehend syntactically complex sentences is a central goal of psycholinguistics. The contrast between subject-extracted and object-extracted relative clauses (RCs) has provided an empirically rich test bed for pursuing this goal. In a subject-extracted RC (SRC), as in (1), the head noun phrase (NP) serves as the subject of the RC, whereas in an object-extracted RC (ORC), as in (2), the head NP serves as the object of the RC. According to standard linguistic accounts, both SRCs and ORCs contain a phonologically empty placeholder—or gap—that is co-indexed with the head NP (the senator in the examples below). In (1), this gap (denoted by D) appears in the subject position of the embedded verb (e.g., the senator bothered the reporter), whereas in (2), this gap appears in the object position of the embedded verb (e.g., the reporter bothered the senator). In order to understand the sentence, the listener or reader must use information from the filler to interpret the gap, which would otherwise lead to an ungrammatical sentence.
Phosphorescent imaging of oxygen gradients in tissues

Until recently, the ability to measure the changing oxygen gradients in perfused tissues in response to metabolic demand, has been limited to point-measurements and/or averaged A-V oxygen differences during perfusion using oxygen electrodes. With the recent introduction of novel phosphorescent probes specifically quenched by oxygen, the ability to spacially map oxygen gradients in real-time may offer new insights into the dynamics of microvascular design and supply. Accordingly, this paper provides initial image data on Langendorff perfused rat hearts wherein the relative change in phosphorescent intensity of Pd-meso-tetra(4- carboxyphenyl)phorphine (2micrometers ) as the reporter probe, is quantitatively related to spacial oxygen gradients as seen on the left-ventricle during changing gassing conditions. Digital image analysis (frame advance), after proper calibration and alignment, provides images which can be usefully interpreted. Clinical applications of such emerging technologies could have wide-spread diagnostic applications not only as applied to the coronary bed, but other tissue surfaces displaying various degrees of aschemia and/or hypoxia.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
U.S. Recreational Water Quality Criteria: A Vision for the Future.

This manuscript evaluates the U.S. Recreational Water Quality Criteria (RWQC) of 2012, based upon discussions during a conference held 11–13 March 2013, in Honolulu, Hawaii. The RWQC of 2012 did not meet expectations among the research community because key recommended studies were not completed, new data to assess risks to bathers exposed to non-point sources of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were not developed, and the 2012 RWQC did not show marked improvements in strategies for assessing health risks for bathers using all types of recreational waters. The development of the 2012 RWQC was limited in scope because the epidemiologic studies at beach sites were restricted to beaches with point sources of pollution and water samples were monitored for only enterococci. The vision for the future is development of effective RWQC guidelines based on epidemiologic and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) studies for sewage specific markers, as well as human enteric pathogens so that health risks for bathers at all recreational waters can be determined. The 2012 RWQC introduced a program for states and tribes to develop site-specific water quality criteria, and in theory this approach can be used to address the limitations associated with the measurements of the traditional FIB.
A geometrically nonlinear theory of transversely isotropic laminated composite plates and its use in the post-buckling analysis

Abstract A higher-order, geometrically nonlinear theory of transversely isotropic symmetrically laminated composite plates is formulated and their post-buckling behavior is analysed. The numerical illustrations emphasize the role played by transverse shear deformation, transverse normal stress, higher-order effects and the character of in-plane boundary conditions. The results obtained within the present higher-order theory are compared with those of first-order transverse shear deformation and classical (Kirchhoff) theory, and conclusions on their range of applicability and the influence of various parameters are outlined.
Analysis of Ingredient Functionality and Formulation Optimization of an Instant Peanut Beverage Mix

Powder for an instant shake-style beverage was created using partially defatted peanut flour (12% fat), granulated sugar, and nonfat dry milk (NFDM). The 3 main components, along with constant amounts of stabilizing gums and anti-caking silica, were mixed together and finely milled in a Super Wing Mill to further reduce the particle sizes. Drinks from each formula variation were prepared and analyzed for viscosity (digital viscometer), color (colorimeter), and separation rate. Each beverage was also analyzed by consumers to determine acceptability of flavor, mouth-feel, and color. Physical test results show that viscosity increased with increasing proportion of peanut flour in the formula, and viscosity decreased with increasing levels of sugar and NFDM. For each formula, the samples at refrigerated temperature (4 degrees C) were less viscous than those at ambient temperatures (23 to 25 degrees C). Color values show that the beverage powder color was mostly influenced by peanut flour percentage, becoming darker with increasing levels of peanut flour. Prepared beverage color was influenced by both NFDM and peanut flour percentage; lightness increased with increasing NFDM percentage and decreased with increasing peanut flour percentage. Separation rates were most affected by the proportion of NFDM in the formula; higher levels decreased the rate of separation. Refrigeration slowed the rate of separation in all samples. Response surface analysis of consumer test data showed that the most acceptable formulation for the peanut beverage included approximately equal amounts of peanut flour, sugar, and NFDM.
Ontogeny of sensitivity to growth hormone in rat diaphragm muscle.

In order to delineate the ages of onset and decline in sensitivity to growth hormone(GH) in rats, the ability of ovine GH in vitro to stimulate amino acid uptake and protein synthesis was studied in diaphragm muscle. GH (25 eg/ml) produced a significant, but small(12–17%), stimulation of αaminoisobutyric acid (AIB, 1 HIM) uptake in diaphragms from fed intact rats 7–24 days old, but not from 21-day fetuses or from fed rats 4, 30, 50, 100, or 130 days old. When intact rats were fasted for 24 h, both tlie magnitude and consistency of the responses to GH increased considerably. In fasted rats, GH significantly stimulatedAIB transport by 10, 29, 77, 111, and 58% at ages 4, 7, 11, 15, and 23 days, respectively;GH was not effective at age 3 or 30 days. At age 15 days, 0.5 eg/ml GH stimulated AIB transport by 96%. GH (25 or 0.5 eg/ml) significantly increased leucine incorporation into protein at age 15 days in fasted intact rats. When rats were hypophysectomized at age 28, 47, or 98 days and tested 2–3 days later...
Effects of Age, Stimulus Selection, and Retrieval Environment on Odor Identification

Age differences in odor identification were investigated by using relatively familiar and unfamiliar chemical stimuli and enhancing the retrieval environment by restrictive reminding of memories evoked by stimulus during initial presentation. Age differences were seen in initial identification, in learning the labels of items in the stimulus set, in presentation. Age differences were seen in initial identification, in learning the labels of items in the stimulus set, in forgetting over a 24-hr period, but not in forgetting over a 7-day period. Old (n = 20) and young (n = 20) study participants benefitted equally from enrichment of retrieval environment with restrictive reminding of memories evoked at initial presentation. Item analysis indicated that selection of stimuli had a significant effect on age differences in odor identification.
The efficacy of a scheduled telephone intervention for ameliorating depressive symptoms during the first year after traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether an intervention designed to improve functioning after traumatic brain injury (TBI) also ameliorates depressive symptoms. DESIGN Single-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing a scheduled telephone intervention to usual care. PARTICIPANTS One hundred seventy-one persons with TBI discharged from an inpatient rehabilitation unit. METHODS The treatment group received up to 7 scheduled telephone sessions over 9 months designed to elicit current concerns, provide information, and facilitate problem solving in domains relevant to TBI recovery. OUTCOME MEASURES Brief Symptom Inventory-Depression (BSI-D) subscale, Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory-Depression subscale, and Mental Health Index-5 from the Short-Form-36 Health Survey. RESULTS Baseline BSI-D subscale and outcome data were available on 126 (74%) participants. Randomization was effective except for greater severity of depressive symptoms in the usual care (control) group at baseline. Outcome analyses were adjusted for these differences. Overall, control participants developed greater depressive symptom severity from baseline to 1 year than did the treatment group. The treated group reported significantly lower depression symptom severity on all outcome measures. For those more depressed at baseline, the treated group demonstrated greater improvement in symptoms than did the controls. CONCLUSIONS Telephone-based interventions using problem-solving and behavioral activation approaches may be effective in ameliorating depressive symptoms following TBI. Proactive telephone calls, motivational interviewing, and including significant others in the intervention may have contributed to its effectiveness.
Immunoregulation of transfusion-induced immunosuppression with inhibitors of the arachidonic acid metabolism.

Abstract To further define the role of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in transfusion-induced immunosuppression (TII), the effects of pharmacological manipulation of AA metabolism were examined in a rodent model. If the prostaglandins of the E series are mediators of TII, as has been recently hypothesized, then inhibition of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) should abrogate whereas inhibition of lipoxygenase (nordihydroguaiaretic acid [NDGA]), or thromboxane synthetase (4-63557A) could potentiate the transfusion effect. Lewis rats received donor-specific transfusions from Buffalo rats in conjunction with one of the above inhibitors. Two weeks later they received intraabdominal Buffalo heart allografts or were used for one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions. Cyclooxygenase inhibition partially abrogated TII with shortened cardiac allograft survival. Lipoxygenase inhibition augmented TII, with depression of MLR and prolongation of allograft survival. Thromboxane synthetase inhibition had no effect. These results indicate that AA metabolites play a role in TII, and that immunoregulation via pharmacological manipulation of AA metabolism is possible.
Is the glass half full or half empty?: Reflections on five years of competitive politics in Eastern Europe

Abstract This article explores the causes for the pervasive sentiment in contemporary Eastern Europe to the effect that “it is democratic but it isn't”. It begins with a discussion of the differences between “procedural” and “substantive” democracy, and finds that the institutions of procedural democracy have proven surprisingly robust in the postcommunist period. It then examines three variants of substantive democracy: liberal, national, and egalitarian. Each links democratic government to a particular social and economic order, none of which fully describes the actual situation within most states in the area. Finally, these distinctions between types of democracy are employed to illuminate the dynamics of both policy choices regarding restitution and privatization and electoral outcomes in the past half-decade.
FTIR investigation of cross‐linking and isomerization reactions of acetylene‐terminated polyimide and polyisoimide oligomers

The interrelationship between the cross-linking and isoimide-imide isomerization reactions of oligomeric isoimides and imides was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that cross-linking of the acetylene units of Thermid IP-600 retarded the local rearrangement of the isoimide to imide conversion of Thermid IP-600 compared with an aniline-terminated analog, decreasing the rate constant by a factor of about 2. The increased flexibility of both the isoimide (Thermid IP-600) and imide (Thermid FA-700) oligomers increased the cross-linking rate of the acetylene end groups by a factor of 4 and 2, respectively, over that of the more rigid imide oligomer (MC-600)
Heat transfer of gas-particle flow in a supersonic convergent-divergent nozzle

Heat transfer rates in turbulent flow of heated gas-solid mixtures through converging-diverging nozzle
Bogus physiological feedback and response thresholds of Repressers and Sensitizers

Abstract Repressers and Sensitizers viewed tachistoscopically presented TAT transparencies under conditions of high and low bogus physiological feedback. As predicted, during high bogus physiological feedback, Repressers showed a significant increase and Sensitizers showed a significant decrease in response thresholds. These results serve to extend the validity of bogus physiological feedback procedures in the analog investigation of emotion and offer theoretical implications relevant to the areas of personality, emotion, psychophysiology, and psychopathology.
Monoclonal antibody-mediated immunoprecipitation of proteins from cell, infected with marek's disease virus or turkey herpesvirus

The major immunogenic viral proteins of Marek's disease virus (MDV) and turkey herpesvirus (HVT) share antigenic determinants. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of five viral polypeptides immunoprecipitated with homologous convalescent chicken plasma was identical with the pattern obtained after immunoprecipitation with heterologous convalescent chicken plasma. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to identify MDV and HVT polypeptides. Sixteen monoclonal antibodies were positive in an immunofluorescence assay. However, only eight monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated a total of seven distinct viral proteins from MDV- and HVT-infected cells. Six of these monoclonals immunoprecipitated multiple viral proteins. None of the monoclonal antibodies recognized the common A antigen of MDV or HVT. Monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated three glycoproteins (100,000, 60,000, and 49,000 Da) that comigrate in polyacrylamide gels with three of the five common polypeptides obtained with the convalescent chicken plasma. In addition, a 79,000-Da protein was common to all MDV- and HVT-infected cells. Competition immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping by limited proteolysis confirmed that the three glycoproteins and the 79,000-Da protein contain MDV-HVT common epitopes. MDV-specific antigenic determinants were detected on the three remaining viral proteins (41,000, 38,000, and 24,000 Da).
Reinventing the apprenticeship: the hot seat in the digital era.

Rationale and objectives Describe new interactive digital teaching methods for medical student education in radiology and evaluate student responses. Materials and methods Third- and fourth-year medical students on radiology clerkship were taught using either film-based “hot seat” format, digital “hot seat,” or didactic slide-based format. Digital hot seat included direct projection of full-resolution images and use of digital tablet for annotation. Students completed surveys commenting on each method. Results Before 2003–2004, comments were available from general course surveys. Only positive responses were made regarding digital hot seat format. Dedicated surveys of teaching methods since July 2003 (23 students) showed 100% gave high ratings to digital hot seat methods (1 or 2 on a scale from 1 to 5), citing easier visibility of findings and ability to draw on images as positive features. Fifty-two percent rated film hot seat method Conclusions Students overwhelmingly favor digital hot seat teaching over film-based or didactic slide presentations. Digital hot seat methods preserve the best features of case-based interactive teaching while improving visibility of findings.
Polymer dynamics with inertia

Some important recent advances in polymer science involve situations where molecular inertia plays an important role, for example, in the mass spectroscopy of large macromolecules. Only recently have we begun to understand how to analyze dynamics in such situations and what effects inertia has. In this review, we describe what is known about such effects and how nonlinearity plays a crucial role in generating damping, which is of a very different nature than is normally assumed. Not only is such analysis important in understanding polymers in low density environments but also in understanding the internal friction of a polymer chain in solution. The understanding of such situations is still in its infancy and we close by propounding a set of diverse questions for further study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Stepwise approach to developing point-of-care testing services in the community/ambulatory pharmacy setting.

ABSTRACT Objective To provide a stepwise approach to development and implementation of a point-of-care testing (POCT) patient care service. Setting Community and ambulatory care pharmacy practice. Practice Description To provide community and ambulatory pharmacists with the steps involved in integrating POCT services into their pharmacy practice site. Practice Innovation Authors used various resources to detail the process of implementing pharmaceutical care in community or ambulatory pharmacy settings in combination with individual practice experiences. The five steps involved in developing a POCT service include conducting a needs assessment, researching and organizing information, developing program materials, implementing the service, and evaluating the service. The narrative description of each step is illustrated by a case study example. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Not applicable. Results/Conclusion POCT patient care services are a valuable addition to a pharmacy's services, benefiting patients, health care providers, and the pharmacy. This article presents a structured, deliberate approach with resources that can be used to develop a successful POCT service within a community or ambulatory pharmacy setting.
Seasonal energy storage using bioenergy production from abandoned croplands

Bioenergy has the unique potential to provide a dispatchable and carbon-negative component to renewable energy portfolios. However, the sustainability, spatial distribution, and capacity for bioenergy are critically dependent on highly uncertain land-use impacts of biomass agriculture. Biomass cultivation on abandoned agriculture lands is thought to reduce land-use impacts relative to biomass production on currently used croplands. While coarse global estimates of abandoned agriculture lands have been used for large-scale bioenergy assessments, more practical technological and policy applications will require regional, high-resolution information on land availability. Here, we present US county-level estimates of the magnitude and distribution of abandoned cropland and potential bioenergy production on this land using remote sensing data, agriculture inventories, and land-use modeling. These abandoned land estimates are 61% larger than previous estimates for the US, mainly due to the coarse resolution of data applied in previous studies. We apply the land availability results to consider the capacity of biomass electricity to meet the seasonal energy storage requirement in a national energy system that is dominated by wind and solar electricity production. Bioenergy from abandoned croplands can supply most of the seasonal storage needs for a range of energy production scenarios, regions, and biomass yield estimates. These data provide the basis for further down-scaling using models of spatially gridded land-use areas as well as a range of applications for the exploration of bioenergy sustainability.
Protein disulfide isomerase in thrombosis and vascular inflammation

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzes disulfide bond oxidation, reduction and isomerization during protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition to its critical role in the ER, in vitro and in vivo studies with blocking antibodies and conditional knockout mice have demonstrated that cell surface PDI is required for thrombosis, hemostasis and vascular inflammation in a manner dependent on its isomerase activity. This review will focus on our current understanding of the pathophysiologic role of PDI in regulating integrin-mediated platelet and neutrophil functions during vascular disease.
Neural Network: What It Can Do for Petroleum Engineers

Neural network, a nonalgorithmic, nondigital, intensely parallel and distributive information processing system, is being used more and more every day. The main interest in neural networks is rooted in the recognition that the human brain processes information in a different manner than conventional digital computers. Computers are extremely fast and precise at executing sequences of instructions that have been formulated for them. Once the network has learned the information in the training set and has converged,'' the test set is applied to the network for verification. It is important to note that although the user has the desired output of the test set, it has not been seen by the network. This ensures the integrity and robustness of the trained network. Neural networks have proved to be valuable pattern-recognition tools. They are capable of finding highly complex patterns within large amounts of data. A relevant example is well log interpretation. It is generally accepted that there is more information embedded in well logs than meets the eye. Determination, prediction, or estimation of formation permeability without actual laboratory measurement of the cores or interruption in production for well test data collection has been a fundamental problem for petroleum engineers. From geophysicalmore » well log data, it was possible to predict and/or estimate permeability of a highly heterogeneous formation in West Virginia.« less
Ultrasmall c(RGDyK)-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Their Specific Targeting to Integrin αvβ3-Rich Tumor Cells

We report a direct synthesis of ultrasmall c(RGDyK) peptide-coated Fe3O4 NPs (<10 nm in hydrodynamic diameter) and demonstrate their in vivo tumor-specific targeting capability. The Fe3O4 NPs are synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of 4-methylcatechol (4-MC), and the peptide is coupled to the nanoparticles through 4-MC via Mannich reaction. The c(RGDyK)-MC-Fe3O4 NPs have an overall diameter of ∼8.4 nm and are stable in physiological conditions. When administrated intravenously, these c(RGDyK)-MC-Fe3O4 NPs accumulate preferentially in the integrin αvβ3-rich tumor area, which are readily tracked by MRI.
Hybrid Density Functional Theory Predictions of Low-Temperature Dimethyl Ether Combustion Pathways. II. Chain-Branching Energetics and Possible Role of the Criegee Intermediate

In part I, we discussed the chain-propagating and possible competing mechanisms of low-temperature (300−1000 K) dimethyl ether (DME) combustion. Here we consider the chain-branching mechanism that ...
Hormones, metabolites, and reproduction in Holsteins, Jerseys, and their crosses.

Abstract Holsteins (HH), Jerseys (JJ), and their crosses in first (n=157) and second (n=107) lactation were used to determine if reproduction, progesterone (P4), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and milk production differed between genetic groups. Thirty-four cows were Holstein-Jersey (HJ) crosses, 46 were Jersey-Holstein (JH) crosses, 48 were purebred Holsteins (HH), and 29 were purebred Jerseys (JJ) in first lactation, whereas the second-lactation animals included 23 HJ, 35 JH, 35 HH, and 14 JJ. Blood samples were collected weekly for the first 10 wk postpartum. Analyses were conducted using the MIXED, chi-square, and GLIMMIX procedures (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Seasons of calving were cold (November to May) and hot (June to October) and were combined with year to form 8 year-seasons. Days open and number of services were affected by genetic group. The HH were open 169±8 d, which was greater than HJ (143±9 d), JJ (132±10 d), and JH (127±8 d). The HH had 2.4±0.1 services per pregnancy, which was greater than JH (1.9±0.1), but not different from HJ (2.1±0.2) or JJ (2.1±0.2). Concentrations of NEFA were greater in lactation 2 (0.52±0.02mEq/L) than in lactation 1 (0.45±0.02mEq/L) and decreased over the 10-wk period. Concentrations of NEFA were greater in the cold season except in yr 3. Insulin in lactation 1 (0.81±0.03ng/mL) was greater than in lactation 2 (0.72±0.03ng/mL); insulin decreased to wk 2 then gradually increased. The HJ had the greatest insulin concentrations (0.87±0.04ng/mL) and the JJ had the lowest (0.66±0.04ng/mL), and IGF-1 gradually increased over the 10-wk period. Milk production (actual yield in the first 305 d, not adjusted for fat and protein) was affected by genetic group, lactation number, year-season, and wk 1 insulin. The HH produced 10,348±207kg of milk, which was greater than the HJ (9,129±230kg), the JH (9,384±190kg), and the JJ (7,080±240kg). Milk production in lactation 2 (9,676±163kg) was greater than that in lactation 1 (8,294±160kg). The JJ (10.3±4.7%) had the highest frequency of mastitis. The chance of getting mastitis for HH (1.1±0.9%) differed from that for HJ (9.4±4.1%), JH (8.1±3.4%), and JJ (10.3±4.7%). Genetic group affected hormones and metabolites, which may partially explain differences in reproductive measures and milk yield.
On Weak Effect of Particle Size on Its Burn Time for Micron-Sized Aluminum Powders

This article aims to verify and validate recent experiments with single Al particles demonstrating a weak effect of particle size on its burn time. Individual particles were fed through two laser beams: a low-power laser to in-situ measure particle size using light scattering, and a CO2 laser for ignition. The sensitivity and dynamic ranges of photo-detectors were selected to capture emission from particles in the size range of 1–10 µm. The data processing method was modified. Measured color temperatures for individual particles were supported by spectroscopic measurements from multiple burning particles. The results confirmed that the burn time, t, as a function of the particle diameter, D, can be approximately described as t ∼ D n with n < 1, which is a much weaker function than that expected based on classic droplet combustion models. Experimental data further confirmed that Al particles finer than 10 µm burn in room temperature air, achieving high combustion temperatures and producing significant mole...
The Producing Male Body in Willa Cather's “Neighbour Rosicky”:

This essay analyzes how Willa Cather's 1928 story “Neighbour Rosicky” depicts issues of masculinity, work, and American identity through the corporeality of Anton Rosicky. Because his failing health and formerly strong body are so linked to the work he does, Rosicky's body becomes more than simply a tool for farming. This topic considers the cultural and historical significance of how these subthemes correspond to the larger theme of working men in America. Rosicky represents a uniquely American conflict between production from physical work for private or familial consumption and such production that is intended primarily to generate income. In this work, the two issues are presented as entangled as Rosicky provides food for his family but also spends the income from the sale of what is left over on nonnecessities. Rosicky's work, which both produces foodstuffs for his family and provides income for other goods, and the body performing that work depict a crucial theme for working men in America after the...
Self-deception and the desire to believe

This commentary concentrates on two flaws in Mele's account. The first is Mele's attempt to account for self-deception by appealing to a desire to believe, together with an instrumental belief concerning the means of satisfying this desire. Contrary to Mele, it is argued that such an account requires a recognition on the part of agents that their actions instantiate these means. Second, Mele misidentifies the most essential – and flawed – ingredient of the standard approach to self-deception, the agent's desire to form the belief (the belief that is undermined by the evidence). This ingredient is retained in Mele's own account of self-deception.
Chaotic Response to Periodic Modulation of Model of a Convecting Fluid

Motivated by the recent experimental study of Rayleigh-B\'enard convection performed by Gollub and Benson, I have introduced a periodic modulation into a 14-variable convection model which was studied previously. The induced noise shows a threshold in the driving amplitude, and occurs for various values of the modulating frequency. For the frequency range studied by Gollub and Benson qualitatively similar behavior to that which they reported is found.
Transportation and material handling: solving logistics and transportation problems in a job shop

A discrete event simulation model was developed to study the flow of material and product in a shop floor. It uses real time data available from a job shop sole dedicated to noncommercial contracts and as such deals with very seasonal demand. The objective of this model is to provide the shop with a decision support tool that will assist in evaluating the movement of products throughout the shop. The simulation will be useful in assessing the length of queues formed at each shop as well as in pointing out bottlenecks. Actual operational and flow data are utilized in developing the model. The simulation is implemented using the Arena software (Kelton 1997). In effect, the model is to be used for a better understanding of operation of the shop floor and better utilization of all the available resources.
A graph-theoretic model of symmetric givens operations and its implications

Abstract Symmetric Givens operations ( A ′ ← GAG T , G a Givens rotation matrix) are a basic tool in many matrix computations, especially for eigenvalue-eigenvector computations. A graph-theoretic model of these operations is given for symmetric matrices, analogous to the graph-theoretic model of Cholesky factorization. Using this model, it is shown that unless there is “accidental cancellation,” it is impossible to reduce a range of different matrix classes to tridiagonal form in o ( n 2 ) Givens operations; these classes include arrowhead matrices, pentadiagonal matrices, and cyclic tridiagonal matrices.