cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative toxicity of azinphos-methyl to house mice, laboratory mice, deer mice, and gray-tailed voles.

A laboratory toxicity study on house mice and laboratory mice (Mus musculus), gray-tailed voles (Microtus canicaudus), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was conducted as part of a comprehensive laboratory and field study to field validate laboratory-based risk assessment of pesticides. The single dose oral LD50 for the organophosphorus insecticide azinphos-methyl (Guthion®) was 10, 11, 32, and 48 mg/kg body weight in wild house mice, laboratory mice, gray-tailed voles, and deer mice, respectively. Ten-day dietary LC50s were 277 ppm for laboratory mice, 297 ppm for gray-tailed voles, and 1,180 ppm for deer mice. All treated animals lost more weight, consumed less food, and had depressed brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity compared to controls. Five-day LC50s were significantly higher than 10-day LC50s for laboratory mice and deer mice. For all three species, animals that died during dietary LC50 tests had mean ChE activity of 50–55% while survivors had 56–70% of controls. The conclusions were that: (1) Laboratory mice were not representative of deer mice or gray-tailed voles with respect to sensitivity to azinphosmethyl, but provided a conservative estimate for risk assessment; (2) 10-day dietary LC50 tests indicate substantially greater estimates of toxicity of azinphos-methyl to rodents than do 5-day tests; and (3) brain ChE depression of 45–50% was lethal in these species.
Performance Bounds on Average Error Rates Using the AM-GM Inequality and Their Applications in Relay Networks

Novel average bit or symbol error rate (BER/SER) bounds are obtained for systems with instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) given by a sum of \(N\) statistically independent non-negative random variables (RVs). Their tightness is quantified analytically at high SNR by calculating the SNR gap, and shown to be within O(1/N) of the true value. The bounds are most useful when the distribution of the sum is intractable. The bounds are illustrated with the maximum ratio combining (MRC), the combined average performance for amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks using multiple relays, and AF multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) single relay systems with beamforming (BF) using multiple antennas at the source, relay, and destination. As a result, the bounds lead us to obtain tight closed-form combined expressions for AF relay networks with multiple relays and with multiple antennas in fast fading, for the first time in the literature. In addition, applicability of the bounds to non-Gaussian noise is addressed. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations confirm the tightness of the bounds.
Relating Computer Science programs to the needs of industry through internships and cooperative programs

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some approaches for achieving more meaningful relationships between degree programs at the college level in Computer Science and the needs of industry. Nothing is more encouraging to most students than to know that their academic preparation will enhance their future life styles and future employment opportunities. Also, probably nothing is more depressing to a person than perhaps being a hungry, competent, and unemployed expert in an academic area where employment opportunities are nonexistent.The balance between knowledge attributed to real world experiences and academic theory is a crucial issue. Either type of knowledge is hollow without the other component. Mr. Jack Jackson, who is an Instructor for the American Airlines Academy amply describes an “experience” as being - when something is happening to you and you wish it were happening to someone else. Many schemes have been used to simulate real world electronic data processing experiences in the classroom situation. Some of these schemes have proven very successful. However, most employers will not consider this as what they mean when they ask a prospective employee “Do you have any experience?”. The remarks in this paper are directed toward the employer's definition.
Pentylenetetrazol elicits epileptiform activity in the dentate gyrus of the urethane anesthetized rat by activation of the entorhinal cortex

Pentylenetetrazol is a chemical convulsant, often used to generate experimental seizures, that is thought to act as a GABA antagonist. In the urethane anesthetized rat, pentylenetetrazol produces a characteristic epileptiform discharge in the dentate gyrus. The hypothesis that this discharge is generated by activity in the entorhinal cortex was examined in this study. Recording electrodes were placed in the dentate gyrus bilaterally and neuronal activity was recorded after administration of pentylenetetrazol. A laminar analysis of the convulsant-induced activity was compared to responses evoked by angular bundle stimulation (n = 6). Both convulsant-induced and evoked activity were negative-going in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. In other animals tetrodotoxin (TTX) was injected into the right entorhinal cortex before the onset of epileptiform activity (n = 5). The TTX prevented epileptiform activity in the right dentate gyrus. Injection of TTX after the onset of epileptiform activity caused the epileptiform activity to cease on the side of injection (n = 5). These experiments support the hypothesis that pentylenetetrazol specifically activates the entorhinal cortex to produce the epileptiform activity recorded in the dentate gyrus. This selective activation suggests that the mechanism of action of pentylenetetrazol, as a convulsant, is not simply as an antagonist of GABA receptors.
Holographic applications for optical data storage

ABSTRACTIn this paper applications of holography to optical data storage systems are examined. Holography will be considered for use as special purpose optical elements in read/write optical heads of bit serialsystems, and as a storage medium for block-oriented data systems. Polarization properties of volume type holographic optical elements are evaluated, and ways of using this characteristic for sensing magneto-optic signals are demonstrated. Application of lithographicaly formed binary phase diffractive gratingsare also discussed. Next, the limits of earlier holographic storage systems are summarized and reexamined with reference to new recording techniques and materials. INTRODUCTION The concept of using holographic techniques for information storage systems was first proposedmore than 25 years ago. Initial interest was stimulated by the seemingly high information density whichcould be interferometrically stored in a volume of optical material"2 10" bits/cm3), and the supposition
Low-temperature expansion for lattice systems with many ground states

Low-temperature expansion for systems with many ground states is discussed. It is pointed out that, in general, different ground states may yield different formal perturbation expansions, and that the right expansion of the free energy is provided by ground states called here dominant.
Residual attractiveness of a spinosad-containing protein-based bait aged under variable conditions to Bactrocera dorsalis and B. cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) wild females in Hawaii.

ABSTRACT Key to the effectiveness of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) suppression efforts using insecticidal bait sprays is the determination of how long the bait remains attractive to adult flies after application. Using a comparative approach, field studies were conducted in commercial papaya (Carica papaya L.; Brassicales: Caricaceae) orchards in Hawaii with the goal of quantifying the response of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) wild females to yellow bait stations treated with 2 dilutions (40% and 20%) of GF-120 NF Naturalyte™ Fruit Fly Bait that had been aged either outdoors (for 3 and 7 days) or indoors (for 1, 2, 3, and 7 days). Important variations in the level of female response to the baits were documented between these 2 fruit fly species, and the response levels were modulated by bait dilution, duration of aging and aging conditions. For B. dorsalis wild females, the attractiveness of 40% GF-120 and aged outdoors for either, 3 or 7 days did not differ signif...
College-bound girls and science careers: Perceptions of barriers and facilitating factors

Abstract Student perceptions of barriers, facilitating factors, and information needs related to the consideration of careers in science and technology were investigated with a nationwide sample of talented high school senior women ( N = 1017). Data were collected through a mailed questionnaire as part of a broader National Science Foundation project. Results of the study suggest that relatively few girls choose careers in science and technology because: They have doubts about combining family life with a science career; they lack information about steps in preparing for a science career; they believe influential adults; and they see few examples of the important role women can play in science. The data describing the students' perceptions of facilitating factors and information needs suggest that encouragement from family, access to role models, extra help and encouragement from science teachers, and information about careers in science, including the steps involved in preparation, might be influential in helping change perceptions of barriers to careers in science and technology.
Persistant induction of catechol-estrogen forming enzyme in brain and in liver, by prenatally administered phenobarbital

Catechol estrogens (CE) are formed by hydroxylation of estrogens by a P540 dependent microsomal enzyme which is most active in liver and brain. In liver this is a major degradative pathway and the half-life of the CE formed is extremely short. In the brain however CE may have specific neuroendocrine effects since they have been reported to react with specific CE receptors in pituitary and brain and to compete for dopamine receptors in pituitary. They also may inhibit both synthesis and metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters. In the immature male rat and in the female,but not in the mature male, the liver but not the brain enzyme is inducible by phenobarbital(PB). We injected pregnant female rats with PB on days 18 and 19 of gestation and measured estrogen 2-hydroxylase activity in the brain and liver of offspring. Liver enzyme showed a diphasic response to this prenatal treatment with a 80% decrease in enzyme specific activity on days 1 and 2,and a 100% increase in enzyme activity persisting from days 5-21. Brain enzyme levels were significantly increased(↑50%)by this treatment from days 7-21. This prolonged induction of a liver microsomal enzyme differs from that seen in young animals where enzyme activity returns to normal by one week after treatment with PB. This is also the first report of induction of a brain microsomal cytochrome P450 with PB. Since PB is often used during pregnancy for seizure disorders and for pre-eclampsia, this may be of clinical relevance.
How Stress Can Reduce Dissipation in Glasses

We propose that stress can decrease the internal friction of amorphous solids, either by increasing the potential barriers of defects, thus reducing their tunneling and thermal activation that produce loss, or by decreasing the coupling between defects and phonons. This stress can be from impurities, atomic bonding constraints, or externally applied stress. Externally applied stress also reduces mechanical loss through dissipation dilution. Our results are consistent with the experiments, and predict that stress could substantially reduce dielectric loss and increase the thermal conductivity.
Biomimetic virtual constraint control of a transfemoral powered prosthetic leg

This paper presents a novel control strategy for a powered knee-ankle prosthesis based on biomimetic virtual constraints. We begin by deriving kinematic constraints for the “effective shape” of the human leg during locomotion. This shape characterizes ankle and knee motion as a function of the Center of Pressure (COP)-the point on the foot sole where the ground reaction force is imparted. Since the COP moves monotonically from heel to toe during steady walking, we adopt the COP as the phase variable of an autonomous feedback controller. We show that our kinematic constraints can be enforced virtually by an output linearizing controller that uses only feedback available to sensors onboard a prosthetic leg. This controller produces walking gaits with human-like knee flexion in simulations of a 6-link biped with feet. Hence, both knee and ankle control can be coordinated by one simple control objective: maintaining a constant-curvature effective shape.
Messages Conveyed in Supervision: Commentary on Paper by Dana L. Castellano, Psy.D.

In this discussion I emphasize that the medium is the message in psychoanalytic supervision. But as supervisors, our approach often fails to communicate the clinical values we strive for in our work with patients. I speculate as to why this happens so frequently.
High pressure processing controls microbial growth and minimally alters the levels of health promoting compounds in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad) juice

Abstract Grapefruit juice treated with high pressure processing (HPP), thermal processing (TP) and control (no treatment) was analyzed for the levels of various bioactive compounds and color, during 21 days of storage at 4 °C. The TP treatment juice had significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) higher L * and b * values than HPP and control juice throughout the storage period. A gradual decline in the level of ascorbic acid was noticed in all the treatments with significantly lower levels in TP treatment as compared to control and HPP during 0 and 7 days of storage analysis. The HPP treatment had no significant ( P ≤ 0.05) effect on the levels of citric acid, flavonoids, limonoids and coumarins, in comparison to the control treatment. The levels of carotenoids were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) lower among both processing treatments and control at 21 days after storage as compared to the levels present at the initial 0 day after storage. No microbial growth was noticed in both the treatments and control at 28 days after storage. Industrial relevance High pressure processing is an innovative non-thermal processing technique which is applicable for industrial processing of fruit juices. However, its effect on health promoting bioactive compounds present in grapefruit has not been studied. The present study focused on evaluating the effect of HPP and TP techniques on the levels of bioactive compounds and shelf life. Results from this study suggest that HPP treatment maintains the levels of bioactive compounds, color and controls microbial growth as compared to the control treatment. Thus, HPP technique could be applied for providing fresh like grapefruit juice without altering the levels of health beneficial bioactive compounds to consumers.
Thermo-electro-mechanical behavior of ferroelectric materials. Part I: A computational micromechanical model versus experimental results

A micro-electro-mechanical model of the behavior of piezoelectric ceramics including thermal effects is presented and compared to experimental data. Results include analytical and numerical investigations of the behavior of piezoelectric ceramics. The model is based on physical mechanisms and includes elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric anisotropy. Moreover, the model is based on an internal energy approach so that work-energy relations may be directly applied. Results from the model give insight into material behavior.
Electrochemical Intercalation of Alkali-Metal Ions into Birnessite-Type Manganese Oxide in Aqueous Solution

A thin layer electrode of birnessite-type manganese oxide was prepared by brushing a mixed solution of KOCOCH3 and Mn(OCOCH3)2 on a platinum substrate, followed by heating at 1073 K. The chemical composition of the electrode was KxMnOy (x = 0.33 and y ∼ 2) with an interlayer spacing of c0 = 0.697 nm. The positive-potential going sweep on the electrode in an aqueous phase caused the deintercalation of K+ with an increase in c0. The quasi-reversible intercalation of K+ occurred with a subsequent negative-potential going sweep in a 0.2 mol/dm3 KCl solution. The electrochemical measurements suggested that K+ is not electrochemically active in the deintercalation/intercalation reaction but H+ is. The reaction proceeds based on a mechanism consisting of an electrochemical reaction (the redox reaction between Mn3+ and Mn4+) and an ion-exchange reaction between K+ and H+. The intercalation experiments in various alkali-metal chloride solutions showed the intercalation capacity to be in the order of Na ∼ K > Li > ...
Toward Integration of a Semantic Framework With a Commercial PLM System

Product lifecycle management (PLM) systems formally represent product information across the different functional departments of an organization throughout an entire product lifecycle. Integrating the PLM systems with the emerging semantic web will improve the knowledge management capabilities of these systems. In recent works, the authors have developed the e-Design framework, a collaborative web-based semantic environment for improving communication by formally defining an information model for documentation and sharing of engineering design knowledge throughout the entire design process.This paper addresses the integration of the e-Design semantic framework with a commercial PLM system. A key feature of this integration approach is a semantic extraction process that executes the interface from commercial PLM software to a framework compatible with the semantic web, while maintaining the PLM’s multilevel bill of materials (BOM) structure. This extraction process includes application of semantic queries to categorize information imported from a PLM system. The development and implementation of this semantic extraction process for integrating product information from PLM systems into the e-Design framework is demonstrated with the aid of an illustrative case study using PTC’s Windchill PLM system. Our findings show that the resulting design execution within the e-Design framework facilitates dynamic linking of product information throughout the design process. It also preserves and propagates the BOM related information from PLM in all design phases.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Effects of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase overexpression in postinfarction rat myocytes

Previous studies in adult myocytes isolated from rat hearts 3 wk after myocardial infarction (MI) demonstrated abnormal contractility and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) expression and activity, but sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak was unchanged. In the present study, we investigated whether SERCA2 overexpression in MI myocytes would restore contraction and [Ca2+]i transients to normal. Compared with sham-operated hearts, 3-wk MI hearts exhibited significantly higher left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes but lower fractional shortening and ejection fraction, as measured by M-mode echocardiography. Seventy-two hours after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, SERCA2 overexpression in 3-wk MI myocytes did not affect Na+-Ca2+ exchanger expression but restored the depressed SERCA2 levels toward those measured in sham myocytes. In addition, the reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake in MI myocytes was improved t...
Family history is a major determinant of subclinical peripheral arterial disease in young adults.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in first-degree relatives of young adults with premature-onset peripheral arterial occlusive disease (premature PAD), but it is not known whether the genetic influence is independent of other risk factors, the most prevalent of which is smoking. This study was performed to determine the relative contributions of family history and smoking to the development of occult PAD in siblings of patients with premature PAD. Methods The prevalence of occult PAD was determined with carotid, abdominal, and lower extremity duplex ultrasound scanning in 50 asymptomatic siblings (25 men, 25 women) of patients with premature PAD (onset ≤49 years). Thirty of the siblings (60%) were active smokers, and 20 had never smoked. Age-matched and sex-matched reference groups included 50 asymptomatic heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/day) and 50 nonsmokers. Results Duplex ultrasound scans demonstrated raised arterial lesions in 20 asymptomatic siblings (40%), 20 heavy smokers (40%), and 2 nonsmoking control subjects (4%), resulting in 42 affected and 108 unaffected subjects. As expected, smokers were far more likely to have arterial lesions than were nonsmokers (odds ratio [OR], 11.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-30.7; P P = .006). Stratified and multivariable logistic regression indicated no interaction between smoking and family history, indicating simple additive effects on PAD. Conclusions Family history is a major determinant of occult PAD in young adults, and is at least as important as standard atherosclerotic risk factors. A high proportion of heavy smokers have clearly detectable lesions even though asymptomatic. Smoking and family history act additively to increase the risk for premature PAD.
Abstraction of hydrogen by SiH3 from hydrogen-terminated Si(001)-(2×1) surfaces

Abstract We present the dynamics and energetics of an Eley–Rideal reaction by which SiH 3 radicals impinging on a H-terminated Si(001)-(2×1) surface during plasma deposition abstract hydrogen atoms from the surface and return to the gas phase as silane molecules. The reactions were observed during classical molecular-dynamics simulations of hydrogenated amorphous silicon deposition from SiH 3 radicals impinging on H-terminated Si(001)-(2×1) surfaces maintained at temperatures over the range 500 K≤ T ≤773 K. The H-abstraction reaction introduces dangling bonds at the surface that impinging SiH x (0≤ x ≤3) radicals can attach to; thus, it is a crucial reaction for deposition. The computed activation energy barrier for the reaction and the exothermic reaction energy are 0.09 eV and 0.23 eV, respectively. The energetics of the reaction as computed based on an empirical classical potential are in good agreement with density-functional-theory pseudopotential calculations using a cluster model.
Selective opioid antagonist effects on opioid-induced inhibition of release of norepinephrine in guinea pig cortex

Opioid agonists with selectivity for mu, delta and kappa-receptors have each been shown to inhibit the K+-stimulated release of [3H]norepinephrine (NE) from slices of guinea pig cortex maintained in vitro. In order to provide further evidence that each of these types of opioid receptor can regulate the release of NE in this tissue, experiments with receptor-type selective opioid antagonists have been conducted. In initial experiments, the selectivity of the antagonists for specific types of opioid receptors in the cortex of the guinea pig in an incubation medium of the same composition as that used for release studies was confirmed. The delta-receptor selective antagonist, ICI 174,864, prevented the inhibitory actions of the delta-selective agonist, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), but had little effect on the inhibitory actions of the mu-selective agonist, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol (DAMGO), or the kappa-selective agonist, U-50,488H. In contrast, the kappa-selective antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) prevented the inhibitory actions of U-50,488H, but had little effect on the inhibitory actions of DPDPE or DAMGO. The greater potency of the partially mu-selective antagonist, naloxone, in reversing the effects of DAMGO relative to those of DPDPE or U-50,488H was confirmed. These results support the conclusion that mu- delta- and kappa-opioid receptors each exert a negative regulatory effect on the stimulated release of NE in the cortex of the guinea pig.
Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Cellular Pharmacology of 5-Carboranyl-Pyrimidine Nucleosides

Our laboratories have been involved in the synthesis and evaluation of nucleosides for the treatment of viral infections and cancer for more than a decade. Our group was the first to synthesize 5-dihydroxyboryl-2’-deoxyuridine (DBDU), a novel compound that was shown by us to destroy hamster V-79 cells when irradiated with low energy neutrons, thus producing cell destruction by a boron neutron capture reaction.1 This reaction is a consequence of the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction itself, as well as a concomitant self-sensitization to those radiations provided by the presence of the nucleoside analogue in DNA. DBDU is related to the natural nucleoside thymidine and may be useful for the treatment of gliomas and other human tumors. The aim of this work was to synthesize additional boron containing nucleosides that are hydrolytically stable and that are substrates for nucleoside kinases found in tumor cells. The design of the ideal compound for BNCT requires the following criteria:
The Constructs of Complexity and Balance in Multicultural Counseling Theory and Practice

Two constructs of complexity and balance are defined and discussed in the context of traditional counseling theory as well as in the multicultural context. Twenty examples of observable and potentially measurable counselor behaviors indicating complexity and balance are identified and discussed. The implications of cultural differences for defining good counseling are discussed.
In vitro translation of maize ADH: evidence for the anaerobic induction of mRNA.

Total cellular RNA from anaerobically stressed maize seedling roots was used to stimulate in vitro translation of authentic maize alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Total products from such reactions were displayed on NEPHGE-SDS two-dimensional gels and the Adhl-specific translation products were identified by using RNA from sib seedlings segregating for Adhl charge and size variants. The application of a rapid RNA isolation procedure allowed the efficient isolation of biologically active RNAs from small amounts of seedling material. Maize ADHs translated in vitro are identical in size to in vivo ADH. Further, no ADH was detected in the products of an in vitro translation reaction stimulated by total RNA from aerobically grown seedlings. This suggests that induction of ADH protein by anaerobic stress is accomplished by production of Adh mRNA rather than activation of sequestered mRNA. The mRNAs for maize ADH1 and ADH2 are among a small class of mRNAs induced during anaerobiosis.
Monolithic transceiver for FASTBUS Cable Segment-CSX

Specifications for a five-channel differential transceiver for the FASTBUS Cable Segment have been developed. The transceiver, CSX, is being planned as a full-custom integrated circuit implementation. Specification and development plans are discussed. The project is being carried out in collaboration with the NIM/FASTBUS Committee. >
Rab11a and its binding partners regulate the recycling of the ß1-adrenergic receptor

Abstract s1-adrenergic receptors (s1-AR) are internalized in response to agonists and then recycle back for another round of signaling. The serine 312 to alanine mutant of the s1-AR (S312A) is internalized but does not recycle. We determined that WT s1-AR and S312A were internalized initially to an early sorting compartment because they colocalized by > 70% with the early endosomal markers rab5a and early endosomal antigen-1 (EEA1). Subsequently, the WT s1-AR trafficked via rab4a-expressing sorting endosomes to recycling endosomes. In recycling endosomes WT s1-AR were colocalized by > 70% with the rab11 GTPase. S312A did not colocalize with either rab4a or rab11, instead they exited from early endosomes to late endosomes/lysosomes in which they were degraded. Rab11a played a prominent role in recycling of the WT s1-AR because dominant negative rab11a inhibited, while constitutively active rab11a accelerated the recycling of the s1-AR. Next, we determined the effect of each of the rab11-interacting proteins on trafficking of the WT s1-AR. The recycling of the s1-AR was markedly inhibited when myosin Vb, FIP2, FIP3 and rabphillin were knocked down. These data indicate that rab11a and a select group of its binding partners play a prominent role in recycling of the human s1-AR.
A Review of Latino Youth Development Research and a Call for an Asset Orientation

A focus on youth development is the strongest means of prevention of problems faced by Latino youths. Latino youths are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population and have high rates of developmental deficits. However, youth development researchers have not attended to the inclusion and reporting of results for Latino youths. This study presents a challenge to youth development researchers, service providers, and policy makers to adopt a youth development orientation in their work. A comprehensive review of six youth development journals and two Latino-focused journals allowed for the evaluation of the inclusion of Latino youths. Of 1,010 empirical articles, 30% included Latino youths, 6% reported results for Latino youths, and less than3% focused on Latino youths. The researchers reporting results for Latino youths were largely unguided by specific theoretical frameworks and heavily deficit oriented. A framework to increase attention to Latino youths in developmental research is suggested.
Still in Search of Bisexual Sexual Arousal: Comment on Cerny and Janssen (2011)

In a recent article, Cerny and Janssen (2011) reported the results ofanempirical studycomparingsexualarousalpatternsofbisexual men with those of homosexual and heterosexual men. They concluded:‘‘...bisexuality in men is associated with a unique and specific pattern of sexual arousal.’’ This conclusion contrasted with that of Rieger, Chivers, and Bailey (2005), who conducted a similar study with a larger sample and failed to find evidence that their bisexual sample had an arousal pattern that was unique, specificorbisexual.Rather,Riegeret al. found thatbisexualmenwerenomore likely toexhibitapatternofbisexualgenital arousal than were heterosexual or homosexual men, and that few men in any group had a genital arousal pattern that was plausiblybisexual (i.e., showingsubstantialarousal tobothmale and female stimuli). Cerny and Janssen (2011) supported their conclusion—that bisexual men have a unique, bisexual arousal pattern—using twomainanalyses.Thefirst (henceforth, theGroupMeansAnalysis) compared the average responses of bisexual, heterosexual, and homosexual men to several erotic audiovisual stimuli (i.e., films), including some featuring male homosexual activity and others featuring lesbian sexual activity. Relative arousal to the latter two categories of stimuli strongly distinguishes heterosexual and homosexual men (e.g., Chivers, Rieger, Latty, & Bailey, 2004; Sakheim, Barlow, Beck, & Abrahamson, 1985). Specifically, male homosexual stimuli elicit greater genital and selfreported arousal in homosexual men, whereas lesbian stimuli elicit greater arousal in heterosexual men. The second analysis (henceforth, the Bisexual Stimulus Analysis) compared the average responses of bisexual, heterosexual, and homosexual men to a so-called‘‘bisexual stimulus,’’in which a man simultaneously engaged in sexual activity with a woman and another man. We offer these observations concerning Cerny and Janssen’s (2011) methodology, results, and conclusions:
Cardiac arrhythmias induced by glutathione oxidation can be inhibited by preventing mitochondrial depolarization

We have previously proposed that the heterogeneous collapse of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) during ischemia and reperfusion contributes to arrhythmogenesis through the formation of metabolic sinks in the myocardium, wherein clusters of myocytes with uncoupled mitochondria and high K(ATP) current levels alter electrical propagation to promote reentry. Single myocyte studies have also shown that cell-wide DeltaPsi(m) depolarization, through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ROS release mechanism, can be triggered by global depletion of the antioxidant pool with diamide, a glutathione oxidant. Here we examine whether diamide causes mitochondrial depolarization and promotes arrhythmias in normoxic isolated perfused guinea pig hearts. We also investigate whether stabilization of DeltaPsi(m) with a ligand of the mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor (4'-chlorodiazepam; 4-ClDzp) prevents the formation of metabolic sinks and, consequently, precludes arrhythmias. Oxidation of the GSH pool was initiated by treatment with 200 microM diamide for 35 min, followed by washout. This treatment increased GSSG and decreased both total GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio. All hearts receiving diamide transitioned from sinus rhythm into ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation during the diamide exposure: arrhythmia scores were 5.5+/-0.5; n=6 hearts. These arrhythmias and impaired LV function were significantly inhibited by co-administration of 4-ClDzp (64 microM): arrhythmia scores with diamide+4-ClDzp were 0.4+/-0.2 (n=5; P<0.05 vs. diamide alone). Imaging DeltaPsi(m) in intact hearts revealed the heterogeneous collapse of DeltaPsi(m) beginning 20 min into diamide, paralleling the timeframe for the onset of arrhythmias. Loss of DeltaPsi(m) was prevented by 4-ClDzp treatment, as was the increase in myocardial GSSG. These findings show that oxidative stress induced by oxidation of GSH with diamide can cause electromechanical dysfunction under normoxic conditions. Analogous to ischemia-reperfusion injury, the dysfunction depends on the mitochondrial energy state. Targeting the mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor can prevent electrical and mechanical dysfunction in both models of oxidative stress.
Is there a place for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of cardiovascular involvement in rheumatic diseases

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a noninvasive, nonradiating imaging technique, which provides novel information for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. Until now it has been successfully used for the evaluation of congenital and acquired heart diseases, cardiac tumors-mass, iron overload, and myocardial fibrosis detection. Recently, its diagnostic capabilities have been extended to the evaluation of myocardial inflammation and myocardial perfusion. Currently, it is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of volumes, mass, ejection fraction of atriums and ventricles, quantification of iron overload in different organs, detection and follow-up of myocardial inflammation, myocardial infarction and its complications, evaluation of the aorta, detection of anomalous coronary arteries, and ectatic or aneurysmatic coronary arteries. All the above applications and mainly the CMR ability to detect myocardial inflammation, perfusion defects, fibrosis, coronary and great arteries aneurysms make it a valuable tool for cardiovascular system assessment, commonly affected during the course of rheumatic diseases. The technique has been already successfully used in the evaluation of vasculitides, systemic lupus erythematosus, myositis, and scleroderma. However, further studies are needed to evaluate its usefulness as a diagnostic and monitoring tool of cardiovascular involvement in rheumatic patients.
Detection of a source against a background using multi-channel pulse height data

Abstract A new rule is suggested by which multi-channel data can be used to determine whether a line source is present above a continuous background with less probability of an error than by the rule commonly applied to single-channel data. An example demonstrates the application of the new rule and compares the results from it with the results (using the same data) from the single-channel rule. The suggested new rule and the example show the need for the presentation of a rigorous theory by which multi-channel data can be applied to the making of decisions concerning the presence of a source above a background.
Brain imaging in normal and abnormal brain development: new perspectives for child psychiatry

Abstract Non-invasive brain imaging permits the study of normal and abnormal brain development in childhood and adolescence. This paper summarizes current knowledge of brain development for healthy adolescents and for patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), a rare form of the disorder. The implications of these findings are explored. Cross-sectional and longitudinal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are reviewed. The pattern and temporal characteristics of anatomic brain MRI in adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS) and COS are reviewed, and discussed in terms of normal brain development and candidate mechanisms. A consistent, abnormal pattern of childhood brain development is found for COS. Normal children show non-linear regionally specific changes in gray matter volume and linear increase in white matter. COS children have smaller brain volumes due to a 10% decrease in cortical gray matter with white matter sparing. Moreover, there is a progressive loss of regional gray matter particularly in parietal, frontal and temporal regions during adolescence that is more striking for COS than that seen for AOS. In COS, developmental data are consistent with models of time limited diagnostically specific abnormalities of synaptic and dendritic production and pruning. Selected human postmortem brain and developmental animal studies relevant to such models are reviewed.
βν-Correlation Analysis: A Modified Two-Dimensional Infrared Correlation Method for Determining Relative Rates of Intensity Change

A modified two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) correlation method called βν correlation analysis is introduced for quantitatively determining the relative rates of intensity change and the degree of coherence between intensity variations in a discrete set of dynamic spectra. In a βν correlation analysis, a mathematical cross correlation is performed between a set of n spectra undergoing some dynamic intensity variation, i.e. f (ν,n), against a simple mathematical function. In the present case this is a sine function. Correlation intensities are a function of the phase angle (β) of the sinusoidal function and the spectral frequency (ν). The maximum positive correlation intensity will be observed at one point in the asynchronous (β,ν) correlation plot for the range 360° > β ≥ 0°. This point is used to define a new parameter, the effective phase angle, βe, of f (ν,n), where βe is simply equal to β + 90°. In graphical terms, βe is the point of maximum positive correlation intensity in the asynchronous β vs. ν pl...
Variability in response specificity of apple, hawthorn, and flowering dogwood-infesting Rhagoletis flies to host fruit volatile blends: implications for sympatric host shifts.

Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh (Diptera: Tephritidae) originating from domesticated apple (Malus pumila), hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) (Rosaceae), and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) (Cornaceae) were tested sequentially in flight-tunnel assays to volatile blends previously identified from the three fruit types. The majority of flies flew to odor sources containing their natal blend (68-83%). Some flies from each fruit type also flew to non-natal fruit blends (11-39%), but of these non-natal responders the vast majority were flies that responded to their natal blend as well. The results indicate that individual flies within R. pomonella populations infesting different host types have different degrees of specificity with respect to discriminating among fruit volatile blends, and that a moderate proportion of apple, hawthorn, and dogwood flies (10-30%) are broad responders, with the capacity to recognize and orient to more than one blend. The observed variability in response specificity could facilitate sympatric shifts to new host plants.
Winning Title to Land but Not to Its Past: The Toledo Maya and Sites of pre-Hispanic Heritage

The struggle for indigenous rights to pre-Hispanic cultural heritage parallels the struggle for indigenous land rights in Belize. By Belizean law, material objects and sites of activity older than 100 years in age are the property of the state. Similarly, land inhabited by indigenous communities in southern Belize is held in trust by the government. In 2007 the community of Santa Cruz in southern Belize won customary land tenure over their lands for the first time from the Belizean government. This change in land ownership presents new challenges to the definition of ownership of ancient places in Maya territory. In particular, the transfer of land rights to the community has potential implications for the ownership and management of the local pre-Hispanic site of Uxbenka that may ultimately serve as a paradigm for the future relationship between Maya peoples and ancestral remains throughout the nation.
O(3P) + HOONO2 products: Temperature-dependent rate constant

The title reaction was studied in a stirred-flow reactor at six temperatures ranging from 228 to 297 K and for pressures near 2 torr. The experiments were performed under O-atom-rich conditions, and the HOONO2 concentration was monitored with a modulated molecular-beam mass spectrometer. O-atom concentrations were measured by titration with NO2 and by monitoring the portion of O2 dissociated in the microwave discharge. A weighted least-squares analysis gives (k ± 1σ) = (7.0 ± 12.2) × 10−11 exp(-3369 ± 489/T) cm3/s, where the uncertainties are 1 standard deviation (six temperatures) the covariance was σAB = 5.97 × 10−8. Due to the possible presence of systematic errors, the uncertainty in the rate constant could be as great as a factor of 2 over the entire temperature range.
Determination of ferrous iron in silicate rocks

Abstract Present-day rock analyses commonly are deficient because FeO and other constituents (H 2 O and CO 2 ), which are not amenable to instrumental analysis, are not determined. Ferrous iron, however, can be determined with good precision in most silicate rocks by a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method using a fused-silica flask in place of a large Pt crucible for sample dissolution. Comparative data on 18 standard reference samples are given.
Nanoscale memories for compute applications

As the performance gap between the CPU and the HDD has increased over time, NAND Flash based Solid State Drive (SSD) has emerged as an ideal candidate to fill this space. While continued cell scaling will further solidify the position of the NAND Flash in the compute applications, eventually it will hit a scaling wall creating opportunities for other types of memories. The vision for such a future memory technology involves a cross-point memory array that will be stackable in the back end CMOS flow and will be scalable to the 10nm half-pitch and below. Some of these memories, depending upon their improved performance over NAND Flash, may also have their unique position in the overall memory hierarchy of a compute system.
Properties of Some Partial Dynamic Equations on Time Scales

The main objective of the paper is to study the properties of the solution of a certain partial dynamic equation on time scales. The tools employed are based on the application of the Banach fixed-point theorem and a certain integral inequality with explicit estimates on time scales.
Axioms for Relativistic Kinematics with or without Parity

The primary aim of this paper is to give an elementary derivation of the Lorentz transformations, without any assumptions of continuity or linearity, from a single axiom concerning invariance of the relativistic distance between any two space-time points connected by an inertial path. The concluding section considers extensions of the theory of relativistic kinematics which will destroy conservation of temporal parity, that is, extensions which are not invariant under time reversals.
Identifying Sign Language Videos in Video Sharing Sites

Video sharing sites enable members of the sign language community to record and share their knowledge, opinions, and worries on a wide range of topics. As a result, these sites have formative digital libraries of sign language content hidden within their large overall collections. This article explores the problem of locating these sign language (SL) videos and presents techniques for identifying SL videos in such collections. To determine the effectiveness of existing text-based search for locating these SL videos, a series of queries were issued to YouTube to locate SL videos on the top 10 news stories of 2011 according to Yahoo!. Overall precision for the first page of results (up to 20 results) was 42p. An approach for automatically detecting SL video is then presented. Five video features considered likely to be of value were developed using standard background modeling and face detection. The article compares the results of an SVM classifier when given all permutations of these five features. The results show that a measure of the symmetry of motion relative to the face position provided the best performance of any single feature. When tested against a challenging test collection that included many likely false positives, an SVM provided with all five features achieved 82p precision and 90p recall. In contrast, the text-based search (queries with the topic terms and “ASL” or “sign language”) returned a significant portion of non-SL content---nearly half of all videos found. By our estimates, the application of video-based filtering techniques such as the one proposed here would increase precision from 42p for text-based queries up to 75p.
Baroreflex activation for the treatment of hypertension: principles and practice.

This article reviews the history and current status of an innovative nonpharmacological approach for the treatment of resistant hypertension – chronic electrical activation of the afferent limb of the carotid baroreflex. Recent studies in both normotensive and hypertensive canine models have unambiguously demonstrated sustained and clinically relevant reductions in arterial pressure and sympathetic activity in the course of prolonged baroreflex activation. Clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this therapy in patients with resistant hypertension are now underway in both Europe and the USA.
Characteristics of Tropical Easterly Wave Pouches during Tropical Cyclone Formation

AbstractThe pregenesis evolution of wave pouches was examined for 164 named tropical cyclones that originated from zonally propagating tropical easterly waves over the Atlantic during July–October 1989–2010 using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) and the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) precipitation. East of 60°W, most wave pouches (~80%) form at 700 hPa first, often extending down to 850 or 925 hPa off the coast of West Africa. By contrast, the majority of the wave pouches (~68%) over the west Atlantic (west of 60°W) form at 850 or 925 hPa first. Wave pouches become more vertically aligned approaching genesis. It was also found that vorticity at 925 hPa intensifies faster than that at 600 hPa. A warm-core structure forms at the meso-β scale near the pouch center prior to genesis but is less well defined at the meso-α pouch scale. The evolution of precipitation and the low-level convergence suggests that convection ...