cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Places as referents in discourse

Abstract The present study investigated how the prominence of places in discourse is influenced by their role in the described situations and their order of mention in the text. Experiment 1 compared descriptions, where places have a central role as theme, with narratives, where thematic places are less central because they serve as setting for characters and events. Readers chose places as referent for an ambiguous pronoun. For descriptions, they tended to choose thematic places, but for narratives they tended to choose recently mentioned places. This suggests that when places are central to discourse, their prominence is determined by their role in the described situations; otherwise it is determined by order of mention. Experiment 2 provides further evidence that places are noncentral to narratives because cause of their setting function. Thus, readers try to choose as referents entities that are central to the described situations. They resort to order of mention only when situational cues are absent or conflicting.
A comparison of geochemical information obtained from two fluvial bed sediment fractions

A total of 121 bed sediment samples were collected from a 5.8-km stretch of Manoa Stream, Hawaii. Samples were physically partitioned into two grain-size fractions, <63 μm and 63–125 μm, acid digested and analyzed by ICP-AES and FAAS. Non-parametric matched-pair statistical testing and correlation analysis were used to assess differences and strengths of association between the two fractions for Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn. Results indicated statistically significant differences between fractions for all elements except Mn. Concentrations were significantly greater in the <63 μm fraction for Al, Cu, Pb, Ti and Zn, while Ba, Fe and Ni were higher in the 63–125 μm fraction. Though some elements had statistically significant differences between fractions (Al, Ba, Fe and Zn) percentage differences were in the range of analytical precision of the instrument and thus differences were not practically significant. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive associations for all elements between the two fractions (p<0.0001). Three contamination indices indicated similar degrees of pollution for each size fraction for four elements having an anthropogenic signal (Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn). The environmental information obtained from the 63–125 μm fraction was essentially equivalent to that from the <63 μm fraction. In this system it is clear that both bed sediment fractions indicate anthropogenic enrichment of trace metals, especially Pb, and further supports previous research that has found that aquatic sediments are critical median for tracing sources of pollution.
Accuracy of electromyography needle placement in cadavers: non-guided vs. ultrasound guided.

Introduction: Accuracy of needle electromyography is typically ensured by use of anatomical landmarks and auditory feedback related to voluntary activation of the targeted muscle; however, in certain clinical situations, landmarks may not be palpable, auditory feedback may be limited or not present, and targeting a specific muscle may be more critical. In such settings, image guidance might significantly enhance accuracy. Methods: Two electromyographers with different levels of experience examined 14 muscles in each of 4 fresh-frozen cadaver lower limbs. Each muscle was tested a total of eight times; four fine wires were inserted without ultrasound (US) guidance and four were inserted under US guidance. Overall accuracy as well as accuracy rates for the individual electromyographers were calculated. Results: Non-guided needle placement was significantly less accurate than US-guided needle placement, particularly in the hands of less experienced electromyographers, supporting the use of real-time US guidance in certain challenging situations in the electromyography laboratory. Muscle Nerve 44: 45–49, 2011
Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation for Solubility Calculation in Supercritical Extraction

Abstract The Grand Canonical Ensemble Monte Carlo (GCEMC) technique is used to simulate highly nonideal dilute mixtures in the near vapor-liquid critical region. These systems are commonly found in supercritical fluid extraction processes. Mixtures composed of model CO2/naphthalene/water molecules are studied. Very large and highly correlated concentration fluctuations were observed. It was found that when the total number of molecules in the system exceeded about 150, system size dependence was not significant. The GCEMC method breaks down when the system density exceeds about 1.5 times the solvent critical density due primarily to the low probability of successful addition and removal of the large naphthalene molecules. In some systems, the presence of a small amount of water caused a dramatic increase in the system density and in naphthalene solubility. By examining the radial distribution functions in these mixtures, the origin of this effect can be attributed to the preferential aggragation of the so...
The reduced expression of surrogate light chains in B cell precursors from senescent BALB/c mice is associated with decreased E2A proteins

Abstract Senescent mice exhibit decreased numbers of pre-B cells in the bone marrow. Herein, we show that the molecules, λ5 and VpreB, which comprise the surrogate light chain component of the pre-B cell receptor, are reduced in pro-B/early pre-B cells derived in vitro from the bone marrow of 18–27 months old BALB/c mice after stimulation with IL-7. Both λ5 and VpreB expression were decreased at the mRNA level as indicated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR; this suggests that the reduced surrogate light chains seen in senescent B cell precursors result from dysfunctional transcriptional regulation. The transcription of surrogate light chains is regulated, in part, by E2A (E47) gene products. Levels of E2A proteins, including E47, were decreased in senescent B cell precursors by up to 90%. Reduced E2A (E47) expression and subsequent reduced transcription of the surrogate light chain components λ5 and VpreB may, in part, explain the diminished production of B lineage cells observed in senescence.
Gustav Elfving's Impact on Experimental Design

During my visit at Stanford University in the summer and fall of 1951, some problems proposed by the National Security Agency (NSA) for an Office of Naval Research (ONR) applied research grant led to two of my publications [1, 2] which had a profound effect on my future research. Both papers had relevance to issues in experimental design. One of these concerned optimal design for estimation. Among other results, it demonstrated that, asymptotically, locally optimal designs for estimating one parameter require the use of no more than k of the available experiments, when the distribution of the data from these experiments involves k unknown parameters. A trivial example would be that to estimate the slope of a straight line regression with constant variance, where the explanatory variable x is confined to the interval [-1, 1], an optimal design requires observations concentrated at the two ends, x = 1 and x = -1. Shortly after I derived this result, I discovered a related publication by Gustav Elfving [3]. While Elfving's result is restricted to k-dimensional regression experiments, it gives an elegant geometrical representation of the optimal design accompanied by an equally elegant derivation, which I still find pleasure in presenting to audiences who are less acquainted with this paper than they should be. In some problems, practical considerations make it impossible to apply optimal designs. One beauty of the Elfving result is that the graphical representation of his result makes it rather clear how much is lost by applying some restricted suboptimal methods, and gives some guidance to wise compromises between optimality and practicality. By 1950, experimental design was a wellestablished field of statistics. Major sources of application were in agriculture and chemistry, and
The transient motion of a dislocation with a ramp-like core

The general solution of the radiated field from a nonuniformly moving ramp dislocation with general time-dependent ramp displacement function is obtained. Special cases of it, for arctan displacement with certain constant or time-dependent width and step function displacement, and for motions starting from rest at time t=0 and moving thereafter nonuniformly, are presented. The solution is in terms of quadratures which will be evaluated when the time-dependent functions become known. A special case, the ramp dislocation starting from rest and moving with a constant velocity thereafter, is analyzed with particular emphasis on the wave-front and near-field behaviour.
Prevention of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Oral Bone Loss following Immunization with Gingipain R1

The arginine gingipains RgpA and RgpB of Porphyromonas gingivalis are well-documented virulence factors of this organism. Structurally, RgpA and RgpB have nearly identical catalytic domains, while RgpA possesses an additional hemagglutinin domain. In this study, we examined the abilities of these proteins to elicit protection against P. gingivalis-mediated oral bone loss in a murine oral challenge model. Mice immunized subcutaneously with heat-killed P. gingivalis or purified RgpA or RgpB possessed elevated levels of P. gingivalis-specific immunoglobulin G; however, only the animals immunized with P. gingivalis whole cells or RgpA were protected from maxillary bone loss. These data suggest that immunization with RgpA stimulates the production of hemagglutinin domain-specific antibodies, which contribute to the prevention of P. gingivalis-mediated periodontal disease.
Twin oil sacs facilitate the evolution of a novel type of pollination unit (meranthium) in a South African orchid.

The unique fl oral morphology of the South African orchid H. pulchra , with its twin meranthia, is best explained as an adaptation to pollination by oil-collecting bees. Flowers consisting of meranthia (fl oral parts that function as single pollination units; commonly observed in garden Iris ) are extremely rare among the angiosperms and their signifi cance poorly understood. Unlike all other known examples of meranthia, the novel type described for H. pulchra is not bilabiate. All Huttonaea species are unique in having twin petal sacs with glandular verrucae that secrete oil and are pollinated by Rediviva (Melittidae) oil-collecting bees. But only Huttonaea pulchra has long and widely divergent petal claws that place the oil sacs well beyond the reach of a centrally positioned bee. The wide separation of these sacs forces the pollinator, R. colorata , to visit each side of the fl ower independently and effectively divides the fl ower into two meranthia. Molecular data indicate that the evolution of the Huttonaea -type meranthium was dependent on the prior evolution of the oil fl ower/oil bee relationship. Meranthium evolution was also facilitated by the presence of oil in two separate structures (petal sacs) that were not physically constrained to remain in close proximity.
Design of an integrated low noise amplifier with embedded passives in organic substrates

Sensitivity of a low noise amplifier (LNA) is a function of the noise figure, which in turn is dependant on the quality factors (Qs) of the passives used in the LNA circuit. High-Q embedded passives on organic substrates provide a viable alternative to using discrete elements or low-Q on-chip passives. This paper discusses an integrated LNA using embedded high-Q passives for Bluetooth applications.
Phase II, placebo-controlled trial of MRX115 (Aerosomes) for left heart and myocardial perfusion imaging.

Contrast agents that traverse the pulmonary vascular bed after intravenous injection can enhance echocardiographic images of the left ventricular cavity and myocardium. One such agent, MRX115 (Aerosomes; ImaRx Pharmaceutical, Tucson, Ariz), enhanced visualization of the left ventricular cavity, wall motion, and myocardial tissue at baseline and during left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion in pigs (1) and rhesus monkeys (2). Work with this agent has been expanded to human studies. This report presents results from our institution that are part of a phase II, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, randomized trial of MRX115 for left ventricular cavity and myocardial perfusion imaging. The objectives of this study were, in patients referred for diagnostic echocardiography, to (a) establish the safety and tolerability of MRX115 and (b) demonstrate efficacy of MRX115 to enhance visualizatiign of the left ventricular cavity and myocardial tissue during echocardiographic imaging.
Dependable Semantic Web

This paper describes some ideas for a dependable Semantic Web. Semantic Web is a technology for understanding Web pages. It is important that the Semantic Web is secure. In addition, data exchanged by the Web has to be of high quality. The processes that the Web supports have to meet certain timing constraints. This paper discusses these aspects, and describes how they provide a dependable Semantic Web.
Vertical cavity devices as wavelength selective waveguides

We show that novel wavelength-sensitive devices can be fabricated by coupling a semiconductor vertical cavity resonator to a low index waveguide. The optical mode in the resonator propagates at an angle, and the resonator resembles a high index waveguide. A taper in the thickness of the resonator allows different parts of the waveguide to operate at different wavelengths. These structures are analyzed using both thin film equations and waveguide normalism. Concentrating on a waveguide demultiplexer, simple design equations are derived, and a demonstration device is fabricated for TE mode at 0.75 /spl mu/m operation. Using AlGaAs/AlAs multilayers and a polymer top waveguide, the spectrometer exhibited a dispersion of 29 nm/cm, a wavelength resolution of better than 1 nm, and an intrinsic device efficiency of about 90%. A similar structure containing a light-emitting quantum well operated as a multiwavelength light source by modifying the spontaneous emission into the polymer waveguide. >
Health-related quality of life domains and household preparedness for public health emergencies: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2006-2010.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the association between self-reported levels of household disaster preparedness and a range of physical and mental health quality of life outcomes. METHODS: Data collected from 14 states participating in a large state-based telephone survey were analyzed (n = 104 654). Household disaster-preparedness items included having a 3-day supply of food, water, and prescription medications; a working battery-powered radio and flashlight; an evacuation plan; and a willingness to evacuate when instructed to do so. Quality-of-life items were categorized into 2 domains: physical health (general health, unhealthy physical days, and activity-limited days) and mental health (unhealthy mental days, social and emotional support, and life satisfaction). RESULTS: Persons with self-reported impaired mental health were generally less likely to report being prepared for a disaster than those who did not report impairment in each domain. Persons with low life satisfaction were among the least likely to be prepared, followed by those with inadequate social and emotional support, and then by those with frequent mental distress. Persons reporting physical impairments also reported deficits in many of the preparedness items. However, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, some of the associations were attenuated and no longer significant. CONCLUSION: Persons reporting impaired quality of life are vulnerable to increased mental and physical distress during a disaster, and their vulnerability is compounded if they are ill-prepared. Therefore, persons reporting impaired quality of life should be included in the list of vulnerable populations that need disaster preparedness and response outreach. Language: en
Paired-Associate Transfer for the A-B, C-A and the A-B, B-C Paradigms

Results of two experiments on transfer between paired-associate verbal lists, the first comparing the A-B, C-A paradigm with the A-B, C-D control and the second comparing the A-B, B-C paradigm with the A-B, C-D control are reported here. Each paradigm was represented by a separate group of 20 Ss, making a total of 80 Ss participating in both experiments. Army enlisted men averaging around the civilian mean were the nonvolunteer Ss. A low degree of List I learning was used but List II was learned to one perfect trial. Trials to successive criteria showed non-significant negative transfer in Exp. II and nonsignificant positive transfer in Exp. I. When the upper halves of Ss of known general aptitude in the two groups in Exp. I were compared, positive transfer was barely significant (p = .05).
Rus, Varangian and Frankish mercenaries in the service of the Byzantine Emperors (9th-11th c.): Numbers, Organisation and Battle Tactics in the operational theatres of Asia Minor and the Balkans.

This study will attempt to examine two significantly different types of mercenaries serving the Byzantine Emperors - the Varangians and the Franks - from the mid-10th to the mid-11th centuries. Not structuring my analysis on a chronological basis but rather on the different enemies that these mercenaries were facing in different geographical conditions, the main objective of my research is to give answers to a series of questions; what evidence do we have about the organisation of the mercenary units of the Rus, the Varangians and the Franks and in what numbers were they descending at Constantinople? What were the political circumstances that led to their employment by the Emperors throughout our period of study? What was their standing in the Byzantine military establishment? Did they pose any threat to the central government? What evidence do we have about their battle and siege tactics and their overall role in each operational theatre?
The dependence of P300 amplitude on gamma synchrony breaks down in schizophrenia.

Introduction: Auditory P300 amplitude reduction in schizophrenia is canonical and may be explained by poor synchronization or reduced power of the underlying neural activity. We asked if patients have reduced synchrony and power, and whether together with P300 amplitude, they make unique or overlapping contributions to the discrimination between patients and controls. We also asked whether people who have large P300s have higher power and greater synchrony of neural activity, and if the relationships between P300 and power and synchrony are different in patients and healthy controls. Methods: We recorded EEG data from 22 controls and 21 patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV) while they performed an auditory target detection task. We used wavelet analyses of the single trial data to estimate total power and synchrony of delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma activity in a 50ms window around the peak of the P300 to the target. We measured P300 amplitude from the average of the single trials, in a 50ms window around its peak. Results and conclusions: P300 amplitude and delta and theta synchrony were reduced in patients; delta power and synchrony better distinguished between groups than P300 amplitude. In healthy controls, but not patients, gamma synchrony predicted P300 amplitude. In patients, P300 and gamma synchrony are affected by independent factors; the relationship between them is attenuated by an additional pathophysiological process.
Computed tomography and ultrasonography of acute renal abnormalities

MAGING OF the kidneys may be necessary for the evaluation of a variety of urgent clinical indications including flank pain, gross hematuria, rising serum creatinine, blunt abdominal trauma, and suspected upper urinary tract infection. In this setting, sonography and computed tomography (CT) are the two most widely used imaging modalities. The advantages of sonography include that it is generally widely available, it is portable, and it is relatively inexpensive. Although sonography is highly accurate for the detection of hydronephrosis and renal calculi, there are a number of limitations with this modality. Generally, the kidney, renal pelvis, and urinary bladder can be readily visualized by sonography; however, most, if not all, of the ureter is typically obscured by overlying structures, Sonography is also limited by its relatively low soft-tissue contrast such that processes that cause only a minimal change in the appearance of the parenchyma, such as pyelonephritis, are often not detected. Additionally, sonography provides only anatomic information and cannot assess renal function. CT requires the use of intravenous iodinated contrast material to assess the renal parenchyma, but offers the ability to assess both structure and function and is capable of examining the entire urinary tract. Contrast-enhanced CT is able to detect subtle changes in the enhancement pattern of the kidneys leading to a more accurate diagnosis of inflammatory processes affecting the kidney and urinary tract. Following abdominal trauma, contrast-enhanced CT offers the ability to stage the full extent of parenchymal injury, assess the integrity of collecting system and vascular pedicle, and to assess for concomitant injuries to other abdominal organs. Noncontrastenhanced CT has emerged as an accurate examination for the detection and characterization of obstructing renal and ureteral calculi. Therefore, CT has become the imaging modality of choice in many institutions for the evaluation of suspected renal colic, upper tract inflammatory disease and in the setting of acute trauma.
An integrated hardware-software approach to flexible transactional memory

There has been considerable recent interest in both hardware andsoftware transactional memory (TM). We present an intermediateapproach, in which hardware serves to accelerate a TM implementation controlled fundamentally by software. Specifically, we describe an alert on update mechanism (AOU) that allows a thread to receive fast, asynchronous notification when previously-identified lines are written by other threads, and a programmable data isolation mechanism (PDI) that allows a thread to hide its speculative writes from other threads, ignoring conflicts, until software decides to make them visible. These mechanisms reduce bookkeeping, validation, and copying overheads without constraining software policy on a host of design decisions.We have used AOU and PDI to implement a hardwareacceleratedsoftware transactional memory system we call RTM. We have also used AOU alone to create a simpler "RTM-Lite". Across a range of microbenchmarks, RTM outperforms RSTM, a publicly available software transactional memory system, by as much as 8.7x (geometric mean of 3.5x) in single-thread mode. At 16 threads, it outperforms RSTM by as much as 5x, with an average speedup of 2x. Performance degrades gracefully when transactions overflow hardware structures. RTM-Lite is slightly faster than RTM for transactions that modify only small objects; full RTM is significantly faster when objects are large. In a strongargument for policy flexibility, we find that the choice between eager (first-access) and lazy (commit-time) conflict detection can lead to significant performance differences in both directions, depending on application characteristics.
In search of "Forever," continued transistor scaling one new material at a time

This work looks at past, present, and future material changes for the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). It is shown that conventional planar bulk MOSFET channel length scaling, which has driven the industry for the last 40 years, is slowing. To continue Moore's law, new materials and structures are required. The first major material change to extend Moore's law is the use of SiGe at the 90-nm technology generation to incorporate significant levels of strain into the Si channel for 20%-50% mobility enhancement. For the next several logic technologies, MOSFETs will improve though higher levels of uniaxial process stress. After that, new materials that address MOSFET poly-Si gate depletion, gate thickness scaling, and alternate device structures (FinFET, tri-gate, or carbon nanotube) are possible technology directions. Which of these options are implemented depends on the magnitude of the performance benefit versus manufacturing complexity and cost. Finally, for future material changes targeted toward enhanced transistor performance, there are three key points: 1) performance enhancement options need to be scalable to future technology nodes; 2) new transistor features or structures that are not additive with current enhancement concepts may not be viable; and 3) improving external resistance appears more important than new channel materials (like carbon nanotubes) since the ratio of external to channel resistance is approaching /spl sim/1 in nanoscale planar MOSFETs.
Visual Prostheses: Technological and Socioeconomic Challenges

ABSTRACT Visual prostheses are now entering the clinical marketplace. Such prostheses were originally targeted for patients suffering from blindness through retinitis pigmentosa (RP). However, in late July of this year, for the first time a patient was given a retinal implant in order to treat dry age-related macular degeneration. Retinal implants are suitable solutions for diseases that attack photoreceptors but spare most of the remaining retinal neurons. For eye diseases that result in loss of retinal output, implants that interface with more central structures in the visual system are needed. The standard site for central visual prostheses under development is the visual cortex. This perspective discusses the technical and socioeconomic challenges faced by visual prostheses.
6-Methylmercaptopurine riboside is a potent and selective inhibitor of nerve growth factor-activated protein kinase N

Protein kinase N (PKN) is a soluble, apparently novel serine protein kinase that is activated by nerve growth factor (NGF) and other agents in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells as well as in several nonneuronal cell lines. Purine analogs, such as 6-thioguanine and 2-aminopurine, have been found to inhibit PKN in vitro. When applied to intact cells, these compounds suppress certain biological responses to NGF, but not others, a findings suggesting the presence of multiple pathways in the NGF mechanism. We report here that 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6-MMPR) inhibits NGF-stimulated PKN activity in vitro with an apparent Ki of approximately 5 nM. This is approximately 1,000-fold lower than the Ki of the most potent purine inhibitor of PKN. Compounds similar to 6-MMPR, but lacking the methyl or riboside groups, were much less potent as PKN inhibitors. A survey of six additional purified protein kinases shows no inhibitory effect of 6-MMPR, thus indicating a good degree of specificity of this compound for PKN. In contrast to NGF-stimulated PKN, a PKN-like activity stimulated in PC12 cells in response to activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was nearly insensitive to 6-MMPR. Application of 6-MMPR to intact PC12 cells resulted in blockade of several responses to NGF (neurite regeneration and ornithine decarboxylase induction) but not of several others (rapid enhancement of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and PKN activation). These findings suggest that 6-MMPR is a potent and selective agent for characterizing PKN in vitro and for assessing its potential role in the multiple pathways of the NGF mechanism of action.
Combating side-channel attacks using key management

Embedded devices are widely used in military and civilian operations. They are often unattended, publicly accessible, and thus vulnerable to physical capture. Tamper-resistant modules are popular for protecting sensitive data such as cryptographic keys in these devices. However, recent studies have shown that adversaries can effectively extract the sensitive data from tamper-resistant modules by launching semi-invasive side-channel attacks such as power analysis and laser scanning. This paper proposes an effective key management scheme to harden embedded devices against side-channel attacks. This technique leverages the bandwidth limitation of side channels and employs an effective updating mechanism to prevent the keying materials from being exposed. This technique forces attackers to launch much more expensive and invasive attacks to tamper embedded devices and also has the potential of defeating unknown semi-invasive side-channel attacks.
From the Editor: Toward an Interdisciplinary Approach

The mission of Journal of Family and Economic Issues isto publish original research papers and critical literaturereviews that address important family economic issues toimprove family well-being. As the editor, I tried my best tobe inclusive and open to researchers from all relevantﬁelds. Among authors who wrote for JFEI, some are fromroot discipline departments, such as economics, psychol-ogy, sociology, etc., and others are from multidisciplinaryor interdisciplinary departments, such as business, con-sumer science, family studies, human development, socialwork, etc. Also more and more papers in recent JFEI issuesare contributed by researchers who reside outside of theU.S. For a 20-year review of themes and trends of JFEI, seeDew (2008). To address complex family economic issuesand ﬁnd realistic solutions, we need contributions ofresearchers from diverse ﬁelds. In the next a few years, Iwould like to see more research papers using interdisci-plinary approaches and critical literature reviews frominterdisciplinary perspectives.As the editor, I greatly appreciate assistance from theeditorial board members and ad hoc reviewers for theirconstructive suggestions and comments on manuscriptssubmitted to Journal of Family and Economics Issues.Their efforts contribute to the high quality of this journal.In addition, special thanks go to two people for their ser-vices as guest-editors for two thematic issues: Lucia F.Dunn at the Ohio State University for the June 2008 issueon consumer ﬁnancial issues and Jr-Tsung Huang at theNational Chengchi University in Taiwan for the December2008 issue on family economic issues in Asia and U.S. Ialso thank Vicki Fitzsimmons, Brian Haroldson and GraceHedstrom for their excellent assistance in copyediting. Thefollowing is a list of reviewers who reviewed manuscriptsfrom September 2007 to October 2008:Douglass AbbottMohamed Abdel-GhanyMyria AllenElaine AndersonJoan Gray AndersonMary Arends-KuenningNan Marie AstoneBill BaileyBurt BarnowSuzanne BartholomaeAnn BerryIvan BeutlerVibha BhargavaLynne BordenAnn BuchananYi CaiWendy CampioneHonggao CaoRichard CaputoAihwa ChangYunhee ChangJenniou ChenZhuo ChenHwei-Lin ChuangMichael CollinsStephen CosslettLyn CraigKarla Damino-TeixeiraSharon DanesKathrine Daniels
Mobi-Sync: Efficient Time Synchronization for Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks

Time synchronization is a critical service for distributed networks. In this paper, we investigate this problem in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). We propose a novel time synchronization scheme, called ``Mobi-Sync''. Mobi-Sync effectively utilizes the spatial correlation of underwater mobile sensor nodes to estimate the long and dynamic propagation delays. Simulation results show that Mobi-Sync outperforms existing schemes in both accuracy and energy efficiency.
SPLINE-BACKFITTED KERNEL SMOOTHING OF ADDITIVE COEFFICIENT MODEL

Additive coefficient model (Xue and Yang, 2006a, 2006b) is a flexible regression and autoregression tool that circumvents the “curse of dimensionality.” We propose spline-backfitted kernel (SBK) and spline-backfitted local linear (SBLL) estimators for the component functions in the additive coefficient model that are both (i) computationally expedient so they are usable for analyzing high dimensional data, and (ii) theoretically reliable so inference can be made on the component functions with confidence. In addition, they are (iii) intuitively appealing and easy to use for practitioners. The SBLL procedure is applied to a varying coefficient extension of the Cobb-Douglas model for the U.S. GDP that allows nonneutral effects of the R&D on capital and labor as well as in total factor productivity (TFP).
An Enhanced and a Two Dimensional Discrete Complex Image Methods (DCIM) in Multi-layered Media

The traditional DCIM is not accurate in the far and near field regions, and it is efficient only when the source and field points are confined in one layer. In this paper, a new Enhanced DCIM without any quasi-static and surface wave extraction is introduced and it is accurate both in the near and far field regions. We also introduce the new two dimensional DCIM (2D-DCIM) so that the closed-form GF can be obtained when the source and fields are in different layers. 2D-DCIM can increase the efficiency of GF calculation for structures with vertical dimensions such as vias in multi-layered media.
Fluid shear stress inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration in vitro

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are exposed directly to blood flow and fluid-induced shear stress (SS) in injured blood vessels and are also exposed to SS in intact vessels via interstitial flow driven by the transmural pressure gradient. It has been shown that abnormally high SMC migration from the vessel's media to its intima is one of the contributing factors to intimal hyperplasia development. These observations considered in concert provide the basis for our study of the effects of SS on SMC migration. We have previously shown (BMES 2000, 2001) that SS applied to rat aortic SMCs in vitro acts to suppress SMC migration through Matrigel-coated filters. This inhibition is at least partly due to the reduction in activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2, which is involved in SMC extracellular matrix degradation, a fundamental process in SMC migration. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA has also been shown to be much less chemoattractive to SMCs than PDGF-BB.
THE EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM

Fusarium oxysporum is an anamorphic species that includes both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. Plant pathogenic forms cause a wilt disease and are grouped into formae speciales based on their host range; some are further subdivided into pathogenic races. Many formae speciales are comprised of multiple clonal lineages and, in some cases, a pathogenic race is associated with more than one clonal lineage, suggesting independent origins. Although some evidence suggests one pathogenic race may give rise to another, recent derivation of a pathogen from a nonpathogen has not been documented. Most new occurrences of Fusarium wilt appear to be the result of a recent introduction rather than an independent local origin of the pathotype. Asexual propagation is the dominant influence on population structure in F. oxysporumand the absence of sexual reproduction is not likely to prevent this pathogen from continuing to inflict significant damage on susceptible crop hosts.
The infrared spectra and structures of polyisoprenes

Evidence is offered which confirms, and in some cases, changes previously suggested assignments of bands in the spectra of Hevea and balata. In particular it is shown that bands at 764 (13.1 μ) and 742 cm.−1 (13.5 μ) are probably connected with vibrations of the cis- or trans-C (CH3)CH group, a band at 11.30 cm.−1 (8.85 μ) is due to a CCH3 vibration of the cis-C(CH3)CH group, a band at 1155 cm.−1 (8.68 μ) is due to the CCH3 vibration of the trans-C(CH3)CH group. Likewise the bands at 1315 (7.60 μ) and 1325 cm.−1 (7.55 μ) are probably due to a CH vibration of the cis- and trans-C(CH3)CH groups, respectively. The 1130-cm.−1 band and the 1155-cm.−1 band are found in spectra of polydimethylbutadiene and thus are probably group frequencies. The 1315 and 1325-cm.−1 bands (shifted) are also found in polybutadiene and polypiperylene spectra and thus are probably group frequencies also. It is also shown that the 890-, 1645-, and 3077-cm.−1 bands are best explained by the presence of an isopropenyl, CH2C(CH3) group. These assignments are based on a study of the polarization spectra, the spectra of maleic anhydride adducts and hydrogenated polyisoprenes, and on microstructure determinations.
Philosophy and rhetoric in Lincoln&#8217;s First&#160;Inaugural Address

Lincoln's First Inaugural Address was not designed to coax the seceded states back into the Union, because he never conceded that they had left. Rather, he sought to define the situation so that, if war broke out, the seceders would be cast as the aggressors and the federal government as acting in self-defense. To this end, he presented a principled case against the legitimacy or even possibility of secession while applying the arguments to the exigence at hand. He identifies the cause of the trouble as "unwarranted apprehension" among the southern states, announces his policy as a minimalist assertion of national sovereignty, and urges that disaffected southerners not act in haste to threaten that sovereignty further. Not only does he explicitly call for slowing down the push to war but the speech itself enacts a slowing of time. In sum, the First Inaugural illustrates both Lincoln's philosophical grounding and his rhetorical dexterity.
A New Process for the Preparation of Highly Saturated Nitrile Rubber in Latex Form

Abstract A novel process for the preparation of highly saturated nitrile rubber latex has been developed. This process directly converts NBR latex into HNBR latex in one reaction step. The key to the process is the efficient in-situ generation of diimide within the latex by the oxidation of hydrazine hydrate in the presence of a catalyst. At 40–70°C, diimide smoothly and selectively reduces the olefinic bonds while leaving other functionalities unaffected. The process operates at ambient pressures and produces nitrogen and water as by-products. HNBR latex produced by this process has been applied to the manufacture of superior heat-resistant gasketing via the “Beater-Addition” method. This unique new form of HNBR maintains the well known benefits of HNBR (e.g., solvent, heat, and ozone resistance, etc.) while expanding its potential applications into latex-related products.
Occupational Engagement and Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

People with intellectual disabilities may be predisposed to occupational alienation as a result of an inherent need for ongoing support and limited understanding of how they express choice and engagement in occupation. In response to this risk of occupational injustice, this phenomenological study explored the occupational engagement of adults with intellectual disabilities in a community-based day program. Data were collected through interviews using visual supports and through observation of activity groups using the Volitional Questionnaire. Thematic analysis illustrated how participants demonstrated engagement in occupation through doing activity/initiating action, expressing positive affect, and showing focused attention. Findings can inform how occupational therapy practitioners describe and facilitate occupational engagement in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Overcontrol in Retirement Communities

Overcontrol, a personal propensity to control or dominate others, is examined as found in large retirement communities. Aspects of personality theory related to control issues are examined and utilized, particularly social cognitive and cognitive-affective personality system theories. Aspects of social psychological theory, particularly interactional role theory and reference group theory, are also employed. Overcontrol, which is asserted to flourish particularly in large retirement communities, is viewed as a coping device designed to ensure protection against anxiety, and as an intensification of a healthy control trait in the elderly. Three patterns are presented and some approaches to their mitigation are discussed.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli inoculated onto fresh-cut chopped cabbage using electron-beam processing.

During the past decade there were more than 50 reported outbreaks involving leafy green vegetables contaminated with foodborne pathogens. Leafy greens, including cabbage, are fresh foods rarely heated before consumption, which enables foodborne illness. The need for improved safety of fresh food drives the demand for nonthermal food processes to decrease the risk of pathogens while maintaining fresh quality. This study examines the efficacy of electron-beam (e-beam) irradiation in decreasing indigenous microflora on fresh-cut cabbage and determines the optimal dosage to pasteurize fresh-cut cabbage inoculated with Escherichia coli K-12. Fresh-cut cabbage (100 g) was inoculated with ∼8 log E. coli K-12 and e-beam irradiated at doses of 0, 1.0, 2.3, or 4.0 kGy. At 2.3 kGy there was 7-log reduction of E. coli K-12 in the fresh-cut cabbage. The D(10)-value for E. coli K-12 in fresh-cut cabbage was 0.564 kGy. E-beam irradiation is thus a viable nonthermal treatment that extends the shelf life and increases the safety of fresh cabbage by reducing or eliminating indigenous microflora and unwanted pathogens.
Calculated fission yields of neutron-deficient mercury isotopes

The recent unexpected discovery of asymmetric fission of ${}^{180}$Hg following the electron-capture decay of ${}^{180}$Tl has led to intense interest in experimentally mapping the fission-yield properties over more extended regions of the nuclear chart and compound-system energies. We present here a first calculation of fission-fragment yields for neutron-deficient Hg isotopes, using the recently developed Brownian Metropolis shape-motion treatment. The results for ${}^{180}$Hg are in approximate agreement with the experimental data. For ${}^{174}$Hg the symmetric yield increases strongly with decreasing energy, an unusual feature, which would be interesting to verify experimentally.
Structures for Success: How the Structure of Todays Professional Organizations Are Changing

Many if not most of the organizational models in use today have their roots in theories and practices developed at the height of the industrial revolution. As the rate change in the environment increases these molds are proving themselves inadequate to deal with the demands they are currently facing. This article explores the need for new social technologies and products to replace those that are failing, and the need for these structures to be designed to more natively deal the challenges we face today. The author reviews several of these models with an eye to discussing the attributes that are increasing the effectiveness of modern organizations.
Investigation and analysis of tuberculosis pulmonary diseases burden in Zhejiang province

Objective To investigate tuberculosis pulmonary diseases burden in tuberculosis hospitals.to provide a reference for the objective assessment of the tuberculosis hospitals for treatment management model. Methods The investigation was carried out through a stratified cluster sampling method, stratified according to GDP per capita standard, all distinction between developed and underdeveloped counties categories,50 newly diagnosed tuberculosis pulmonary disease patients were taken to carry out surveys who had completed the treatment from tuberculosis hospitals in each county. Results The survey results show that treatment cost about newly diagnosed tuberculosis pulmonary disease patient was 4,086 yuan per capita, of which 31% of the cost for hospitalization.the treatment cost about tuberculosis spend 13 % total family annual income.Treatment costs in tuberculosis hospitals was 3,020 yuan per capita.The survey showed that 20% patients duty to deta because of tuberculosis treatment.Nearly a third of patients felt treatment burden high. Conclusion The survey found that treatment cost about newly diagnosed tuberculosis pulmonary disease patient in tuberculosis hospitals was no significant increase compared to 2005,hospitalization rate is markedly reduced. so do not worry too much tuberculosis pulmonary diseases burden would greatly increase in tuberculosis hospitals.but to take full advantage of patients medicare to effectively reduce the disease burden of tuberculosis was necessary.
Synthetical Automation System of Small Hydropower Stations Based on MB40 iPLC

In allusion to the characteristics of small hydropower stations,this paper introduces a synthetical automation system. In this system,the intelligent programmable logic controller(iPLC) of MB40 series is used as the control core,EC2000 is used as monitoring and control software,and modules of MB40 series are used as hardware. The functions of the system include monitoring and control,AC sampling,excitation,governing and protection,and the system is low in cost,high in reliability and high in integration. In addition,it may improve the automation level and realize "unattended (few-on-duty)" in small hydropower stations.
Interventions unrelated to anticoagulation in a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic

Purpose Results of a study to determine the number of interventions unrelated to anticoagulation made in a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic are presented. Methods A retrospective, single-center cohort was conducted in a hospital-affiliated outpatient pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic. Patients were ≥18 years old and attended at least one face-to-face appointment between January 1, 2012, and November 30, 2013. The primary outcome was the number of interventions made outside of an anticoagulation clinic’s primary purpose. Interventions were classified based on predetermined criteria. Results of selected interventions were determined along with the association between patient factors and having an intervention. Descriptive statistics and relative risk were used, when appropriate. Results A total of 268 patients were included, and 5846 pharmacist encounters were reviewed. Investigators identified 2222 interventions. Patients having >10 medications were 17% more likely to have an intervention compared with those having <5 medications. Patients attending at least two primary care visits within one year prior to their first appointment with a pharmacist were 12% more likely to have an intervention compared with those attending fewer than two appointments. Conclusion Pharmacists in an anticoagulation clinic made a substantial number of interventions unrelated to anticoagulation therapy, with most clinic patients having at least one such intervention made on their behalf. The majority of these interventions were related to medication reconciliation. The total number of medications being taken and the number of physician visits were significantly associated with an intervention taking place.
Failure to become immunized when caring for patients: an ethical and professional obligation.

In late September 2012, changes to the Rules and Regulations Pertaining to Immunization, Testing, and Health Screening for Health Care Workers (R23-17-HCW) were proposed to reflect the most current (2011) recommendations of the Center for Disease Control’s (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). One of the proposed changes drew many people to a public hearing: the requirement that all Health Care Workers (HCW) either receive seasonal influenza vaccine or wear a mask when providing face-to-face patient care during “period(s) in which flu is widespread.” A brief review of the rationale for mandating seasonal influenza vaccination among HCWs follows, along with ethical implications. The risks and benefits of seasonal influenza vaccination are reviewed as well.