cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tunability of the dielectric response of epitaxially strained SrTi O 3 from first principles

The effect of in-plane strain on the nonlinear dielectric properties of $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ epitaxial thin films is calculated using density-functional theory within the local-density approximation. Motivated by recent experiments, the structure, zone-center phonons, and dielectric properties with and without an external electric field are evaluated for several misfit strains within $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3%$ of the calculated cubic lattice parameter. In these calculations, the in-plane lattice parameters are fixed, and all remaining structural parameters are permitted to relax. The presence of an external bias is treated approximately by applying a force to each ion proportional to the electric field. After obtaining zero-field ground state structures for various strains, the zone-center phonon frequencies and Born effective charges are computed, yielding the zero-field dielectric response. The dielectric response at finite electric field bias is obtained by computing the field dependence of the structure and polarization using an approximate technique. The results are compared with recent experiments and a previous phenomenological theory. The tunability is found to be strongly dependent on the in-plane lattice parameter, showing markedly different behavior for tensile and compressive strains. Our results are expected to be of use for isolating the role of strain in the tunability of real ultrathin epitaxial films.
Engineering light-gated glutamate receptors

Ionotropic glutamate receptors are the major neurotransmitter receptor found at excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. We have developed a light-gated ionotropic glutamate receptor (LiGluR) that, when introduced into neurons, enables remote control of their activity. Light regulation is conferred by a nanoscale photoswitch consisting of a glutamate analog that is covalently tethered to the glutamate receptor through a photoisomerizable azobenzene moiety. The photo-switch requires a single amino-acid substitution in the glutamate receptor as a point for covalent attachment; thus LiGluR can be genetically targeted to neurons of interest.We show that optical stimulation can be structured in designed spatial and temporal patterns, with action potentials generated by 1-5 millisecond long pulses of light. By changing the location of the amino-acid substitution, modifying the properties of the photo-switch, or applying this strategy to other glutamate receptors, we show that this approach represents a toolbox of options for precisely manipulating glutamate receptors and neural activity with light.
It Takes Two to Tango: An Exploration of Domain Pairs for Cross-Domain Collaborative Filtering

As the heterogeneity of data sources are increasing on the web, and due to the sparsity of data in each of these data sources, cross-domain recommendation is becoming an emerging research topic in the recent years. Cross-domain collaborative filtering aims to transfer the user rating pattern from source (auxiliary) domains to a target domain for the purpose of alleviating the sparsity problem and providing better target recommendations. However, the studies so far have either focused on a limited number of domains that are assumed to be related to each other (such as books and movies), or a division of the same dataset (such as movies) into different domains based on an item characteristic (such as genre). In this paper, we study a broad set of domains and their characteristics to understand the factors that affect the success or failure of cross-domain collaborative filtering, the amount of improvement in cross-domain approaches, and the selection of best source domains for a specific target domain. We propose to use Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) as a significant major factor in finding the most promising source domains for a target domain, and suggest a cross-domain collaborative filtering based on CCA (CD-CCA) that proves to be successful in using the shared information between domains in the target recommendations.
Black Diamonds: Life in the Negro Leagues from the Men Who Lived It

Written in the same vein as the groundbreaking "Blackball Stars: Negro League Pioneers", this work continues to tell the story of black baseball players prior to 1947. Here Holway offers us personal interviews with 11 former Negro League players.
Why Local Realistic Theories Violate, Nontrivially, the Quantum Mechanical EPR Perfect Correlations

Using the Kochen-Specker contradiction, I prove that 'local realistic' theories predict nontrivial violations of the quantum mechanical EPR-type perfect anticorrelations. The proof invokes the same stochastic local realism conditions used in Bell arguments. For a class of theories called 'orthodox spin theories', the perfect anticorrelations used in the proof emerge from rotational symmetry. Therefore, an orthodox spin theorist must abandon either the spirit of relativity, as encoded by local realism, or the letter of relativity, which demands rotational invariance.
Echo-phonocardiographic evaluation of obstruction of prosthetic mitral valve

Echo-phonocardiograms of 64 patients with multiple types of prosthetic mitral valves (PMV) were evaluated. Six patients demonstrated findings suggesting valve obstruction: four had surgical confirmation of prosthetic obstruction, one reduced cardiac output and pulmonary hypertension but no prosthetic dysfunction at surgery, and one is asymptomatic. Three of four patients with confirmed obstruction had variable second sound to opening click intervals (A2-MO) with interrupted disc opening; two had interrupted disc closure with split closing clicks and three of four had reduced diastolic closure rate. In 58 clinically well patients with PMV, cycle-to-cycle A2-MO varied little: 0-10 msec in sinus rhythm and 10-25 msec in atrial fibrillation. Diastolic closure rates of five different types of PMV were similar: 21.6 mm/sec, (range 14-49). No patient had interrupted opening, closing or multiple closing clicks. Thus, delayed PMV opening or closure, altered A2-MO interval and double closing clicks are highly useful in detecting patients with obstruction of a variety of mitral prostheses.
Work in progress — Medical imaging education by a multi-level module-based online teaching and assessment system

Medical imaging education is a key training component in BME programs. Medical imaging curriculum involves physics principles, mathematical derivations, engineering implementations for teaching image generation, reconstruction and application. We developed an Internet accessible, multi-level module-based interactive system for teaching five commonly used medical imaging modalities. Each imaging modality is delivered by five to six teaching modules (topics). Teaching or learning proceeds on the module basis. The system is integrated by the open source MySQL database software that manages updating teaching materials and also tracks student's learning gain through different assessments. Instructor gets instant feedback on the topic delivered through his/her lecture when students work on the system. We have applied this teaching/tracking system in small size classes. The result shows significant learning gains in our applications. We plan to complete all teaching modules and apply to other local institutions for biomedical or other engineering students.
Block-copolymer-templated synthesis of iron, iron-cobalt, and cobalt-nickel alloy nanoparticles

Abstract We have produced, by thermal decomposition of organometallic complexes in a bulk film of poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine (P(S-b-2VP)), nonagglomerated iron, iron–cobalt, and cobalt–nickel alloy nanoparticles. The particles are patterned on the nanoscale: they reside within the P2VP domains of the block copolymer morphology. These results are made possible by the selective sequestration of organometallic complexes into these domains in amounts sufficient to nucleate and grow substantial quantities of nanoparticles, some of which are large enough to show non-zero coercivity at room temperature.
Working With Suicidal Clients: Not Business as Usual

Abstract In this introduction to a special series of articles on working with suicidal clients, we note that much of the recent growth in theory and research pertaining to suicidal individuals has been contributed by cognitive-behavioral theorists and researchers. This work has established that suicidal people manifest important cognitive vulnerabilities that can be addressed in therapeutic interventions specifically designed for them. Studies to date have produced outcomes that support this framework. We provide brief previews of the collection of articles that follow, which cover safety planning, protocols for evaluating risk, the utility of health behavior theory for informing treatment, mindfulness-based approaches for suicidality, developmental and family considerations, intensive inpatient CBT for individuals in the military, integrated interventions for substance abuse and suicidal behaviors, and coping with the impact of client suicide. We conclude that clinicians are now in a position to begin moving beyond a “therapy as usual” mindset in working with suicidal clients.
URINARY VASOPRESSIN IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INSULTS

Insults to the central nervous system (CNS) are frequently associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). There are few reports of serum vasopressin (VP) values in meningitis but none in head trauma (HT) in pediatric patients. We measured urine VP by RIA, urine (U) and serum (S) osmolality (Osm) and sodium in 18 nonhypoxic pediatric patients with CNS insults within 2H hours of hospitalization and daily x2. 7 patients experienced HT, 7 bacterial meningitis (BM), and 4 aseptic meningitis (AS). Mean (± SEM) urine VP (pg/ ml) results were as follows: Pediatric patients with CNS insults demonstrated elevated urine AVP levels. Defining SIAD1I as (S)Na 25, S(Osm)< 280, S(Osm)<U(Osm), 43% of HT patients, 29% of BM and none of AS exhibited the syndrome sometime during the 3 hospital days. Conclusions: 1) the prevalence of SIADH is high in HT and BM but not in AS, 2) urine VP is a reliable indicator of SIADH in hyponatremic patients.
High levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)-containing phospholipids in high-frequency contraction muscles of hummingbirds and rattlesnakes.

Abstract Phospholipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n -3) have been proposed to be required as conformational cofactors for the functional assembly of membrane proteins such as rhodopsin, ion pumps and the various complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (Infante, 1987, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 74, 111-116; Infante and Huszagh, 2000, FEBS Lett. 468, 1-5). This hypothesis predicts that high-frequency contraction muscles, which are endowed with a high content of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ –ATPase (SERCA) and mitochondrial respiration enzymes, would have higher concentrations of 22:6 n -3-containing phospholipids when compared with other muscles in the same species known to have a much lower contraction frequency. We have analyzed the fatty acid composition of ruby-throated hummingbird ( Archilochus colubris ) pectoral and leg muscles and of rattlesnake ( Crotalus atrox ) shaker and ventral muscles. We have found that hummingbird pectoral muscles, which are high contraction frequency muscles with the highest known respiratory rate among vertebrates, have a 22:6 n -3 concentration of 20.8% vs. 4.9% for the low frequency leg muscles. Similarly, rattler muscles in rattlesnakes, also high contraction frequency muscles, have a higher 22:6 n -3 concentration than that of their ventral muscles (15.1% vs. 10.6%, respectively). These results are consistent with a specific molecular role for 22:6 n -3-containing phospholipids, as proposed.
An Efficient Method for Detecting Packaging Supporting Space

This paper presents an efficient method to generate packaging space that can be used to create molded foam. This method first reduces the number of facets presenting the product and then detects heights of supporting lines from an evenly spaced mesh grid on the bottom space of a pre-defined bounding box. The height of each supporting line is further relaxed and smoothed to form the final supporting surface. Based on the supporting surface, an STL format is created so it can be fabricated using RP machines. Three examples are presented to demonstrate this method.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Contributions of Zur-Controlled Ribosomal Proteins to Growth under Zinc Starvation Conditions

Maintaining intracellular zinc levels is critical, because zinc serves as a cofactor for many required enzymes and is toxic in excess. Bacillus subtilis Zur, a Fur family repressor, controls the zinc starvation response including two ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) paralogous to L31 and S14. Biochemical analyses suggest that Zur-controlled r-proteins (which lack the two CXXC metal-binding motifs) may functionally replace their cognate zinc-requiring proteins during zinc limitation. We demonstrate here that Zur regulates the expression of an additional r-protein paralog, RpmGC (L33c), and, using strains defective in zinc uptake, we investigate the physiological contributions of all three Zur-regulated r-proteins. In the 168 lineage, rpmGC is a pseudogene containing a frameshift mutation. Correction of this mutation allows expression of a functional L33c that can suppress the poor growth phenotype of an rpmGA rpmGB (encoding L33a, L33b) double mutant. Similarly, we provide physiological evidence in support of the "failsafe" model (Y. Natori et al., Mol. Microbiol. 63:294-307, 2007) in which the Zur-regulated S14 paralog YhzA allows continued ribosome synthesis when there is insufficient zinc to support S14 function. The L31 paralog YtiA can replace L31 and complement the growth defect of an rpmE mutant (Nanamiya et al., Mol. Microbiol. 52:273-283). We show that, under zinc starvation conditions, derepression of YtiA significantly increases the growth of cells in which preexisting ribosomes carry, as the sole L31 protein, RpmE (containing zinc), but not if they carry YtiA (which lacks zinc). These results support a direct and physiologically relevant role for YtiA in mobilizing zinc from ribosomes.
First-aid treatment of poisonous snakebite: Are currently recommended procedures justified?

A survey of the literature on first-aid treatments for poisonous snakebite reveals conflicting recommendations. A subsequent review of experiments and case surveys investigating such treatments indicates that the most commonly recommended procedures (incision and suction, ligation, and ice-packing of the bite) are not well supported by experimental evidence, and may possibly be harmful. We suggest that further clinical research and case studies are necessary in order to determine safe and effective first-aid procedures for the bites of American poisonous snakes.
We Are People First: Framing Organizational Assimilation Experiences of the Physically Disabled Using Co-Cultural Theory

This study explores how organizational members with disabilities experience and manage organizational assimilation in the workplace. The organizational socialization model was used to initially analyze participants' assimilation experiences and co-cultural theory was used as a framework for examining how participants negotiate assimilation. Interviews with 24 participants with physical disabilities were analyzed. Results illustrate a dynamic and difficult process of managing and negotiating assimilation, using a variety of communication strategies such as accommodation (attempts to keep some cultural identity) and assimilation (attempts to conform), as opposed to separation (rejecting common connection with dominant members and bonding only with co-cultural members).
Multidimensional Conceptual Spaces for Summarization

Conceptual spaces have been introduced to provide a geometrical knowledge representation. Based on it and on the fuzzy graph representation on unit space, J. T. Rickart proposed a 2-dimensional concept matrix representation across the domains used to define a concept. This paper proposes a multidimensional extension of this concept matrix.
Effects of Voice Therapy on Relative Fundamental Frequency during Voicing Offset and Onset in Patients with Vocal Hyperfunction

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relative fundamental frequency (RFF) surrounding a voiceless consonant in patients with hyperfunctionally related voice disorders woul...
Acute Delirium Associated with Combined Diphenhydramine and Linezolid Use

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of delirium with hallucinations presumably caused by the combination of diphenhydramine and linezolid.CASE SUMMARY:A 56-year-old white man was receiving diphenhydramine 300 mg/d for 2 days to treat pruritus caused by a bullous rash possibly induced by vancomycin. He subsequently developed visual and auditory hallucinations, with erratic, aggressive behavior persisting for 3 days. Central anticholinergic syndrome was first suspected, but the long duration and exaggerated response by a patient not prone to anticholinergic toxicity suggest that a second agent may have enhanced the reaction.DISCUSSION:The pharmacodynamic properties of linezolid make this drug a likely contributor to the marked, prolonged effects experienced by this patient. The Naranjo probability scale suggests a possible relationship between the reaction and the combination of diphenhydramine and linezolid.CONCLUSIONS:Drug-induced delirium can occur with several drugs, including diphenhydramine. Linezolid has dopa...
Renal Insufficiency and Subsequent Death Resulting from Cardiovascular Disease in the United States

ABSTRACT. Several epidemiologic studies reported that persons with renal insufficiency might have increased cardiovascular disease-related mortality rates in select populations. The association between renal insufficiency and increased cardiovascular disease-related and all-cause mortality rates during 16 yr of follow-up monitoring was examined among participants who were 30 to 74 yr of age at the baseline examinations in 1976 to 1980, with urinary protein dipstick measurements ( n = 8786) or serum creatinine levels of ≤3.0 mg/dl ( n = 6354), from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study. GFR were estimated by adjusting serum creatinine levels for age, race, and gender, using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Cardiovascular disease-related mortality rates were 6.2, 17.9, and 37.2 deaths/1000 person-yr among subjects with urinary protein levels of P trend = 0.02). The corresponding relative hazards for all-cause-related death were 1.64 (1.23 to 2.18) and 2.00 (1.13 to 3.55; P trend
Quantitative analysis of complex protein mixtures using isotope-coded affinity tags

We describe an approach for the accurate quantification and concurrent sequence identification of the individual proteins within complex mixtures. The method is based on a class of new chemical reagents termed isotope-coded affinity tags (ICATs) and tandem mass spectrometry. Using this strategy, we com- pared protein expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using either ethanol or galactose as a carbon source. The measured differences in protein expression correlated with known yeast metabolic function under glucose-repressed conditions. The method is redundant if multiple cysteinyl residues are present, and the relative quantification is highly accurate because it is based on stable isotope dilution techniques. The ICAT approach should provide a widely applicable means to compare quantitatively glob- al protein expression in cells and tissues.
From the Battlefield to the Schoolyard: The Short-Term Impact of the Post-9/11 GI Bill

The Post-9/11 GI Bill brought about an enormous expansion in veteran education benefits, roughly doubling the average maximum benefit level and generating large variation in the magnitude of benefit expansion across states. Using this context, I explore how enrollment of older, nontraditional students responds to educational subsidies. The transition from a conditional cash transfer to a more in-kind benefit affects the relative prices of different types of education, pushing veterans to invest in more expensive (plausibly higher-quality) schooling. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, combined with state level variation in the degree of benefit expansion, I find that the higher level of benefits increased college enrollment of separated veterans by between 15 and 20 percent while also shifting the composition of enrollment toward four-year schools.
The psychology of deception in marketing: A conceptual framework for research and practice

The Federal Trade Commission's current policy statements on deceptive and unfair marketing practices are predicated primarily on economic considerations, ignoring the broader ramifications of trade policy for society as well as specific considerations with regard to the individual consumer. In part, this is due to the fact that research in this area has addressed only isolated aspects of the problem of deception in marketing. This article takes a pluralistic perspective on the issue in an attempt to stimulate research into hitherto unexplored avenues and provide a platform for future policy. The relevant psychological processes in consumer behavior are discussed in the light of product attributes and situational characteristics in a framework that takes into account the needs of the individual as well as the broader values of society. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Teaching Students How to Study: A Workshop on Information Processing and Self-Testing Helps Students Learn

We implemented a “how to study” workshop for small groups of students (6–12) for N = 93 consenting students, randomly assigned from a large introductory biology class. The goal of this workshop was to teach students self-regulating techniques with visualization-based exercises as a foundation for learning and critical thinking in two areas: information processing and self-testing. During the workshop, students worked individually or in groups and received immediate feedback on their progress. Here, we describe two individual workshop exercises, report their immediate results, describe students’ reactions (based on the workshop instructors’ experience and student feedback), and report student performance on workshop-related questions on the final exam. Students rated the workshop activities highly and performed significantly better on workshop-related final exam questions than the control groups. This was the case for both lower- and higher-order thinking questions. Student achievement (i.e., grade point average) was significantly correlated with overall final exam performance but not with workshop outcomes. This long-term (10 wk) retention of a self-testing effect across question levels and student achievement is a promising endorsement for future large-scale implementation and further evaluation of this “how to study” workshop as a study support for introductory biology (and other science) students.
Size and temperature dependence of the plasmon absorption of colloidal gold nanoparticles

The size and temperature dependence of the plasmon absorption is studied for 9, 15, 22, 48, and 99 nm gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution. The plasmon bandwidth is found to follow the predicted behavior as it increases with decreasing size in the intrinsic size region (mean diameter smaller than 25 nm), and also increases with increasing size in the extrinsic size region (mean diameter larger than 25 nm). Because of this pronounced size effect a homogeneous size distribution and therefore a homogeneous broadening of the plasmon band is concluded for all the prepared gold nanoparticle samples. By applying a simple two-level model the dephasing time of the coherent plasmon oscillation is calculated and found to be less than 5 fs. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the plasmon absorption is examined. A small temperature effect is observed. This is consistent with the fact that the dominant electronic dephasing mechanism involves electron−electron interactions rather than electron−phonon coupling.
Chromatin remodeling and activation of chromosomal DNA replication by an acidic transcriptional activation domain from BRCA1

An increasing number of transcription factors have been shown to activate DNA replication. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here it is shown that when tethered to a cellular replication origin, the acidic transcriptional activation domain of the breast cancer protein BRCA1 alters the local chromatin structure and stimulates chromosomal DNA replication. Cancer-predisposing mutations in BRCA1 that abolish transcriptional activation also prevent chromatin remodeling and activation of replication. Chromatin remodeling occurs even in the absence of a functional replication origin. Thus, increasing chromatin accessibility may be an important mechanism used by transcription factors to facilitate multiple nuclear processes.
Identifying and Overcoming Immune Resistance Mechanisms in the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment

The continually growing list of defined tumor antigens is broadening the potential applicability of tumor antigen-targeted cancer therapies. Although cancer vaccines and adoptive T-cell transfer have been shown to increase the frequency of circulating tumor antigen-specific T cells, these approaches cause clinical responses in a few patients. In melanoma, approximately one third of metastatic lesions contain activated T cells, including those specific for tumor antigens, arguing that the priming phase has occurred already in such individuals even without vaccination. These observations indicate that tumor resistance to immune destruction may dominate in many instances, arguing for a thorough analysis of the melanoma tumor microenvironment in individual patients. Recent work has suggested that T-cell anergy, the influence of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, the expression of inhibitory ligands, such as PD-L1, and the activity of nutrient-catabolizing enzymes, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, may be involved. Preclinical murine models have shown that interfering with each of these processes can translate into T-cell–mediated tumor control. Importantly, each of these targets is amenable to clinical manipulation. Clinical translation of these approaches to counter negative regulation of antitumor immunity should receive high priority.
Mitigating server-side congestion in the Internet through pseudoserving

Server-side congestion arises when a large number of users wish to retrieve files from a server over a short period of time. Under such conditions, users are in a unique position to benefit enormously by sharing retrieved files. Pseudoserving, a new paradigm for Internet access, provides incentives for users to contribute to the speedy dissemination of server files through a contract set by a "superserver". Under this contract, the superserver grants a user a referral to where a copy of the requested file may be retrieved in exchange for the user's assurance to serve other users for a specified period of time. Simulations that consider only network congestion occurring near the server show that: (1) pseudoserving is effective because it self-scales to handle very high request rates; (2) pseudoserving is feasible because a user who participates as a pseudoserver benefits enormously in return for a relatively small contribution of the user's resources; (3) pseudoserving is robust under realistic user behavior because it can tolerate a large percentage of contract breaches; and (4) pseudoserving can exploit locality to reduce usage of network resources. Experiments performed on a local area network that account for the processing of additional layers of protocols and the finite processing and storage capacities of the server and the clients, corroborate the simulation results. They also demonstrate the benefits of exploiting network locality in reducing download times and network traffic while making referrals to a pseudoserver. Limitations of pseudoserving and potential solutions to them are also discussed.
Active monitoring and alarm management for fault localization in transparent all-optical networks

Achieving accurate and efficient fault localization in large transparent all-optical networks (TONs) is an important and challenging problem due to unique fault-propagation, time constraints, and scalability requirements. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique for optimizing the speed of fault-localization through the selection of an active set of monitors for centralized and hierarchically-distributed management. The proposed technique is capable of providing multiple levels of fault-localization-granularity, from individual discrete optical components to the entire monitoring domains. We formulate and prove the NP-completeness of the optimal monitor activation problem and present its Integer Linear Program (ILP) formulation. Furthermore, we propose a novel heuristic whose solution quality is verified by comparing it with an ILP. Extensive simulation results provide supporting analysis and comparisons of achievable alarm-vector reduction, localization coverage, and time complexity, for flat and hierarchically distributed monitoring approaches. The impact of network connectivity on fault localization complexity in randomly generated topologies is also studied. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in efficient and scalable monitoring of transparent optical networks.
Packaging optimization to mitigate stress induced parameter shift in precision devices

Stress induced parametric shifts caused by packaging are a major source of yield loss in precision devices. Package stress induced parameter shifts can be decomposed into two parts, a mean shifting component and a distribution broadening component. The mean shifting component is systematic and can be compensated in the circuit design phase or by laser-trimming thin film resistors if package stresses are well characterized. However, the distribution broadening component is random in nature due to the random distribution of filler particles against the die surface. This component is hard to handle by design compensation and laser trimming. This work explores the root cause of the random component by a stochastic finite element method (FEM). The epoxy mold compound is modeled as a two-phase composite material consisting of randomly distributed filler particles in an epoxy resin. A predictive methodology that accounts for filler effects and material property mismatch of the fillers and the resin is studied for the first time. The effect of a compliant coating on top of die was simulated by the FEM. The residual stress effect of the compliant coating layer was also accounted for in the simulation. The present work thus incorporates both the systematic and random components of stress in silicon, and suggests yield improvements through package and assembly process optimization. A methodology of generating a conformal FEM mesh of a composite material with a large number of close-packing spheres in a matrix is also presented. This methodology overcomes the difficulty of Boolean operation failures in commercial FEM software packages and provides a feasible way to account for the random distribution of fillers in the mold compound.
A cloned CD15s‐negative variant of HL60 cells is deficient in expression of FUT7 and does not adhere to cytokine‐stimulated endothelial cells

The initial steps of leukocyte adhesion depend on selectin/ligand interactions. Surface ligands on leukocytes are often modified by addition of the sialyl Lewis x (CD15s) determinant. Biosynthesis of CD15s is dependent upon alpha(2,3)sialyltransferases and alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferases. We report the isolation of an HL60 cell line variant, HL60A2, that no longer expresses CD15s. HL60A2 cells do not adhere to cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells. Enzymatic assays reveal that this cell line has normal alpha(2,3)sialyltransferase activity but is deficient in the alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase responsible for biosynthesis of CD15s (FUT7). The fucosyltransferase that constructs the non-sialylated antigen, Lewis x (CD15), is expressed at high levels (FUT4). Transcript analyses show that FUT7 and FUT4 are inversely expressed in HL60 and variant cell lines. HL60A2 cells provide a tool to study the regulation of selectin ligands and corresponding human fucosyltransferase genes.
Average transition density constraints for mitigating transition noise in magnetic recording

To mitigate transition noise in magnetic recording is to reduce the number of transitions that are written onto the media. This leads one to consider an average transition density (ATD) constraint. This new constraint reduces the ATD of sequences at the channel input and can be imposed in addition to other constraints. In this paper ATD constraint is imposed which is based on assigning a particular cost function to a finite-state transition diagram (FSTD) that presents a constrained system of binary NRZI sequences. At a normalized linear user density the performance of an unconstrained system satisfying an ATD constraint was simulated using a microtrack longitudinal (Lorentzian) recording model corrupted by transition noise and electronics noise.
Echinobothrium joshuai n. sp. (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from the Roughnose Legskate, Cruriraja hulleyi (Rajiformes: Rajidae), off South Africa

Abstract A new species of diphyllidean cestode is described from Cruriraja hulleyi, a recently described species of skate collected off the coast of South Africa. Echinobothrium joshuai n. sp. differs from all 39 of its valid congeners in its possession of “B” hooks, each with a knob-like tubercle on its posterior proximal face. The uterus of this species is also unique in consisting of a meandering tube in mature proglottids rather than a median sac. This species most closely resembles E. clavatum in hook formula (3–4 8/7 3–4), but differs in possessing fewer cephalic peduncle spines (7–10 vs. 11–16) and a greater number of testes (23–27 vs. 11–14). This is the first report of a diphyllidean from this genus of skate and also from South African waters. This is also one of the few diphyllideans known to parasitize deeper-water elasmobranchs.
Atypical granular cell tumor of the larynx. An unusually aggressive tumor clinically and microscopically

A 36-year-old man presented with a recurrent, rapidly enlarging laryngeal tumor causing upper airway obstruction. Microscopic study revealed a granular cell tumor (GCT) with marked atypia, pleomorphism, and pagetoid spread to the overlying epithelium. Histologic pleomorphism occurs rarely and is usually mild in laryngeal GCT. Malignant granular cell tumor (MGCT), a very unusual entity, can be diagnosed with confidence when there is clinical evidence of malignancy (i.e., metastasis). We support the concept of "atypical" GCT when marked pleomorphism is present, yet no metastasis has occurred. This will indicate to the otolaryngologist and pathologist the possibility of greater potential for aggressive clinical behavior.
Lines and words on display: Alvin Boyarsky as a collector, curator and publisher

In 1983, the Architectural Association (AA) School of Architecture mounted an exhibition of Zaha Hadid's work titled Planetary Architecture II. An image from this event shows Hadid as she points to one of the drawings on the wall surrounded by a group of listeners. The interior is saturated with drawings. As they unfold before the viewer, the drawings blur the boundaries between walls, floors and ceiling. An interior space wrapped in drawing, orchestrated by the exhibitor, the image of this show is nevertheless also an expression of the pedagogical ideas of Alvin Boyarsky, the chairman of the AA school between 1971 and 1990.
Redundant task-allocation in multicomputer systems

A simple yet effective method for improving multicomputer multiprocessor system reliability via redundant allocation of tasks to computers (processors) is described. Given any known (nonredundant) scheduling strategy, tasks are allocated to processors statically and redundantly using a k-circular shifting (KCS) algorithm. so that if some processors fail during the execution. all tasks can be completed on the remaining processors (but at a longer time). Redundant allocation of independent tasks to identical processors (computers), subject to real-time constraints on total execution time, is discussed in detail, and analytic reliability estimates are derived. The longest processing time scheduling is given as an example of nonredundant deterministic scheduling of independent tasks. Processor utilization for redundant task-allocation is discussed and compared with standby redundancy: the authors' KCS algorithm achieves much higher processor utilization than standby redundancy. >
Depletion of γδ+ T cells increases CD4+ FoxP3 (T regulatory) cell response in coxsackievirus B3‐induced myocarditis

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) causes severe myocarditis in BALB/c mice which depends upon CD4(+) T helper type 1 [Th1; i.e. interferon-gamma(+) (IFN-gamma(+))] and gammadelta(+) cells. Depleting gammadelta(+) cells using anti-gammadelta antibody suppresses myocarditis and CD4(+) IFN-gamma(+) cell numbers in the spleen and heart of infected mice while increasing CD4(+) FoxP3(+) cells. Mice deficient in gammadelta(+) cells have increased numbers of naive (CD44(lo) CD62L(hi)) and fewer effector (CD44(hi) CD62(lo)) memory CD4(+) cells than infected gammadelta(+)-cell-sufficient mice. Virus neutralizing antibody titres are not significantly different between gammadelta(+) T-cell-sufficient and -deficient animals. To confirm that the memory cell response differs in acutely infected mice lacking gammadelta(+) cells, CD4(+) cells were purified and adoptively transferred into naive recipients, which were rested for 4 weeks then infected with CVB3. Recipients given either 0.5 x 10(6) or 1.0 x 10(6) CD4(+) from infected donors developed over twice the severity myocarditis and 10-fold less cardiac virus titre compared with recipients given equivalent numbers of CD4(+) cells from infected and gammadelta(+)-cell-depleted donor animals. Additionally, to show that more functionally active T regulatory cells are present in gammadelta(+) T-cell-depleted mice, CD4(+) CD25(+) and CD4(+) CD25(-) cells were isolated and adoptively transferred into infected recipients. Mice receiving CD4(+) CD25(+) cells from gammadelta(+) T-cell-depleted donors developed significantly less myocarditis and CD4(+) Th1 cell responses compared with mice receiving equal numbers of CD4(+) CD25(+) cells from infected gammadelta(+) T-cell-sufficient animals. This study shows that gammadelta(+) cells promote CD4(+) IFN-gamma(+) acute and memory responses by limiting FoxP3(+) T regulatory cell activation.
Pharmacotherapeutics for bariatric surgery patients in the primary care setting: An overview for nurse practitioners

Patients who have undergone bariatric procedures for weight loss are increasingly seen in the primary care setting. Due to theunique characteristics of surgical weight loss procedures, the prescribing practices of health care providers must be evaluated.This article addresses the anatomical changes associated with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch, and vertical sleeve gastrectomy, because absorption, distribution, metabolismand excretion of medications may be more complex for bariatric surgery recipients than for other patients. Associated prescribingmodifications for primary care providers caring for bariatric surgery recipients in the primary care setting are also discussed.
Community Health Center Efficiency: The Role of Grant Revenues in Health Center Efficiency

Objective: To test the relationship between external environments, organizational characteristics, and technical efficiency in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). We tested the relationship between grant revenue and technical efficiency in FQHCs. Data Sources/Study Design: Secondary data were collected in each year from the Uniform Data System (UDS) on 644 eligible U.S.-based FQHCs between 2005 and 2007. The study employs a retrospective longitudinal cohort design with instrumental variables. Principal Findings: Increased grant revenues did not increase the probability that a health center would be on the efficiency frontier. However, increased grant revenues had a negative association with technical efficiency for health centers that were not fully efficient. Conclusion: If all health centers were operating efficiently, anywhere from 39 to 45 million patient encounters could have been delivered instead of the actual total of 29 million in 2007. Policy makers should consider tying grant revenues to performance indicators, and future work is needed to understand the mechanisms through which diseconomies of scale are present in FQHCs.
Large-scale, MEMS-actauated silicon photonic switches

Large-scale silicon photonic switches with high port counts (64×64) and low on-chip losses have been realized by integrating micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) actuators with silicon photonics. The switch has fast (sub-microsecond) switching time, and has potential applications in reconfigurable networks for data-intensive computing.
Form over Substance: Learning Objectives in the Business Core.

While members of the business faculty community have been advocating active learning in the classroom, it appears that textbooks encourage learning from a passive perspective. A review of learning objectives from 16 textbooks used in Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting, Finance, and Marketing demonstrates a focus on basically the same set of primary verbs at a low cognitive level. These low cognitive level verbs differ in substance from the expectations contained in the end-of-the-chapter materials. In a world of assessment, the authors are concerned that the textbook learning objectives seem to focus on the form of technical content and not the substance of student learning.
Review Essay: We Have Never Been Postwar: Limning the Long Half-Life of the Military-Industrial-Environmental Complex // Nunca hemos estado en la posguerra: Describiendo la larga vida media del complejo militar-industrial-medioambiental

This essay reviews Shiloh Krupar's Hot Spotter’s Report: Military Fables of Toxic Waste (University of Minnesota Press, 2013) and Jacob Darwin Hamblin's Arming Mother Nature: The Birth of Catastrophic Environmentalism (Oxford University Press, 2013). Resumen Este ensayo analiza Hot Spotter’s Report: Military Fables of Toxic Waste de Shiloh Krupar (University of Minnesota Press, 2013) y Arming Mother Nature: The Birth of Catastrophic Environmentalism de Jacob Darwin Hamblin (Oxford University Press, 2013).
Automatic fault location for data structures

Specification-based data structure verification is a powerful debugging technique. In this work we combine specification-based data structure verification with automatic detection of faulty program statements that corrupt data structures. The user specifies the consistency constraints for dynamic data structures as relationships among the nodes of a memory graph. Our system detects constraint violations to identify corrupted data structures during program execution and then automatically locates faulty code responsible for data structure corruption. Our approach offers two main advantages: (1) a highly precise automatic fault location method, and (2) a simple specification language. We employ incremental constraint checking for time efficient constraint matching and fault location. On average, while Tarantula statistical debugging technique narrows the fault to 10 statements, our technique narrows it to ≈ 4 statements..
Netting the Big One: Things Candidates (and Departments) Ought to Know *

While sitting in the waiting area at the 1992 APSA Placement Service, one has plenty of time to check out the competition. When we overheard one potential competitorsporting a Harvard name tag-explain to his friends that he had removed his wedding band for the duration of the interviews, we began to wonder just what it would take for two political scientists to find teaching jobs in 1992-93. After spending over $500 in postage, mailing 190 applications, and waiting one long anxious year, we found out. This article describes
The Industrial Research Institute: Past and Future

OVERVIEW:A historian of innovation explores the roots of the organization that became the Industrial Research Institute. IRI president Ed Bernstein offers a vision for its future.
Bovine Somatotropin in the Dairy Industry: A Review1

Abstract This article reviews the technical aspects of the development and commercialization of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) with emphasis on the effects of bST on milk production and composition, feed intake, body condition, health, and reproduction. Results from an unprecedented number of studies conducted worldwide demonstrate that bST is safe to humans and animals. Administration of bST results in significant increases in milk yield with similar composition regardless of dairy breed tested, geographical location studied, milking frequency used, and feeding system employed. Cows administered bST are physiologically and metabolically like cows producing milk at similar levels. Therefore, the feeding and management of the cow administered bST is like that of untreated cows with similar milk production.
Research on norovirus rapid detection technique in water and aquatic products

Objective:To determine norovirus rapid detection technique in water and aquatic products by research on enrich or distribution virus in water and pretreatment in aquatic products.Methods:Compare the effect between different methods about enrich virus in water and pretreatment in aquatic products by real-time PCR for norovirus.Then detect some water samples and aquatic products by those method.Results:Two-step distribution method is more effective than PEG precipitation method in enrich virus,two pretreatment methods are almost the same in aquatic products treatment.The select samples of water and aquatic products are all norovirus negative by real-time PCR.Conclusion:Determine norovirus rapid detection technique is effective for the surveillance of norovirus in water and aquatic products.
Effects of Intravenous Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Formaldehyde and Propionaldehyde on Arterial Blood Pressure Following Acute Guanethidine Treatment

Guanethidine (G) is currently used in the treatment of essential hypertension. Acetaldehyde (A), acrolein (AR), formaldehyde (F) and propionaldehyde (P) are constituents of cigarette smoke and (A) is also an intermediate oxidative metabolite of ethanol. These aldehydes are known to produce sympathomimetic effects by the release of NE from adrenergic neurons and to exert cardioinhibitory effects. The type of predominant effect is dose-dependent. This study was undertaken to determine if these aldehydes result in sympathomimetic effects in the presence of G (15 mg/kg iv) in anesthetized rats. G enhanced the pressor responses to A and P in dose ranges of 5-20 and 5-10 mg/kg respectively. However, AR and F at dose ranges of 0.05-5 and 0.1-10 mg/kg, respectively, elicited only depressor responses after G. Thus, A and P exerted greater sympathomimetic effects through the release of intraneuronal NE in the presence of G. The adrenergic neuronal blocking action of G changes the blood pressure effects of AR and F. When these two compounds are administered in the absence of G, they cause predominant pressor effects, whereas in the presence of G a depressor response is noted. This depressor response is possibly by vagal stimulation and/or direct vasodilation.