cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct measurements of /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/ terminal-level lifetime in Nd:YLF

Direct measurements of the /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/ terminal-laser-level lifetime of Nd:YLF after saturating a pumped sample with an impulse-like pulse are reported. Measurements of small-signal gain recovery at the 1047- and 1053-nm laser wavelengths in four different samples, as well as transient excited-state absorption from the terminal laser level, provide consistent values for this lifetime that average 21.6 ns with subnanosecond accuracy. >
Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery with reversal of flow.

A 41-year-old woman underwent cardiac computed tomography for atypical chest pain. Three-dimensional volume rendering ( A , [Online Video 1][1]) and multiplanar computed tomographic reformations (B) demonstrated anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) from the main pulmonary artery. The
Neural and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in rat penile erectile tissue

NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-D) activity and immunoreactivity for neural and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and eNOS, respectively) were used to investigate nitric oxide (NO) regulation of penile vasculature. Both the histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques for NOS showed that all smooth muscles regions of the penis (dorsal penile artery and vein, deep penile vessels, and cavernosal muscles) were richly innervated. The endothelium of penile arteries, deep dorsal penile vein, and select veins in the crura and shaft were also stained for NADPH-D and eNOS. However, the endothelium of cavernous sinuses was unstained by both techniques. Fewer fibers were seen in the glans penis, those present being associated with small blood vessels and large nerve bundles near the trabecular walls. All penile neurons in the pelvic plexus, located by retrograde transport of a dye placed in the corpora cavernosa penis, were stained by the NADPH-D method. Essentially similar results were obtained with an antibody to nNOS. These data suggest that penile parasympathetic neurons comprise a uniform population, as all seem capable of forming nitric oxide. However, in contrast to the endothelium of penile vessels, the endothelium lining the cavernosal spaces may not be capable of nitric oxide synthesis.
Antibacterial Properties of Sodium Nalidixate against Avian Salmonellae in Liquid and on Solid Media

Abstract The in vitro inhibitory effect of sodium nalidixate (NaNA) for 206 avian salmonella cultures of varying serotypes was established in both liquid and on solid media. Salmonella cultures were much more resistant to the lethal effects of NaNA in veal infusion broth than on a solid medium such as MacConkey agar. The inhibitory effects of NaNA varied in liquid media, depending on the nutritive support afforded by the medium. Growth-suppressive effects were enhanced by less nutritive media. Reasons are suggested as to the possible differences in the inhibitory effect of NaNA on avian salmonella cultures grown in liquid and on solid media.
Studies of Liquid−Vapor Equilibria, Criticality, and Spinodal Transitions in Nanopores by the Gauge Cell Monte Carlo Simulation Method

Liquid−vapor equilibrium, criticality, and spinodal transitions in nanopores are studied by the gauge cell Monte Carlo simulation method proposed recently (Neimark, A. V.; Vishnyakov, A. Phys. Rev. E 2000, 62, 4611). As an instructive example, we consider the capillary condensation of argon in cylindrical pores of different diameters (1.5−5.5 nm) representing typical pore channels in mesoporous molecular sieves. At the subcritical conditions, the gauge cell method allows one to construct continuous phase diagrams in the form of a van der Waals-type sigmoid isotherm. The sigmoid isotherm contains stable and metastable states on the adsorption and desorption branches connected by a backward trajectory of thermodynamically unstable states which cannot be observed experimentally yet can be stabilized in simulations. The phase equilibrium is determined by thermodynamic integration along the sigmoid trajectory using the Maxwell rule. The spinodals give the true limits of stability of vaporlike and liquidlike st...
Performance of squirrel monkeys on systematic or random presentation of patterned string problems

A comparison was made between systematic and random presentation of Harlow’s Series II patterned string problems for squirrel monkeys. A nonsignificant difference was obtained between the two methods of presentation. A significant pattern effect was found and discussed in terms of a visual acuity hypothesis.
Territorial development in the global learning economy: The challenge to developing countries

Abstract In a globalizing economy, what are the developmental prospects for middle‐income countries, most of which have suffered more than a decade of slow growth or decline? The set of possible development strategies has been radically altered by the restructuring of world markets; the ways in which developing countries must be integrated into the world economy are now very different from those of the period up to the 1970s. In the face of this, the widely different developmental performances of nations are due to a variety of local’ factors such as technology, institutions, and governmental policies. Thus, potential integration is based on a paradox: the most successful countries and regions have the most ‘endogenous’ forms of production, not copies of any supposed global ‘best practice’. Several aspects of such endogenous approaches must be considered. These range from the traditional subject of the production‐oriented development literature, i.e. ‘hard’ externalities in production systems, to a dimens...
Reducing Hypothermia in Preterm Infants Following Delivery

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia (temperature METHODS: A multidisciplinary practice plan was implemented to determine in premature infants 37.5°C. The plan included use of occlusive wrap a transwarmer mattress and cap for all infants and maintaining an operating room temperature between 21°C and 23°C. Data were obtained at baseline ( n = 66), during phasing in ( n = 102), and at full implementation ( n = 193). RESULTS: Infant axillary temperature in the delivery room (DR) increased from 36.1°C ± 0.6°C to 36.2°C ± 0.6°C to 36.6°C ± 0.6°C ( P P P P = .005). There was no increase in the number of infants with a temperature >37.5°C over time. The use of occlusive wrap, mattress, and cap increased from 33% to 88% at baseline versus full implementation. Control charts showed significant improvement in DR ambient temperature at baseline versus full implementation. CONCLUSIONS: The practice plan was associated with a significant increase in DR and admitting axillary infant temperatures and a corresponding decrease in the number of infants with moderate hypothermia. There was an associated reduction in intubation at 24 hours. These positive findings reflect increased compliance with the practice plan.
Redox characteristics of nickel and palladium complexes of the open-chain tetrapyrrole octaethylbilindione: a biliverdin model.

Octaethylbiliverdin, C35H46N4O2, is a linear tetrapyrrole that can exist in coordinated form as the fully reduced trianion (OEB)3-, as the two electron oxidized monoanion, (OEBOx)-, or as the one electron oxidized radical, (OEB•)2-. The three-membered electron-transfer series involving [M(OEB)]n with n = +1, 0, and −1, and M = Ni or Pd has been characterized electrochemically. The most highly oxidized members of these series have been isolated in the form of their diamagnetic triiodide salts, [NiII(OEBOx)]I3 and [PdII(OEBOx)]I3, and characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction. [NiII(OEBOx)]I3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with a = 15.121(3) A, b = 16.777(3) A, and c = 14.628(3) A at 130(2) K with Z = 4. Refinement of 3311 reflections with 209 parameters and no restraints yielded wR2 = 0.136 and R = 0.054 for 2643 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The structure involves helical coordination of the linear tetrapyrrole ligand about the nickel with all four nitrogen atoms coordinate...
Urology residency and research: round table discussion and plea for innovation.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the current and future states of resident research experience in urology residencies in the United States. METHODS Round table discussion with leading educators and Urology faculty from a university urology residency. RESULTS Research exposure has rapidly diminished in urology residencies for a variety of reasons. There are multiple barriers to resident research and only a small number of residencies will be able to provide protected time. Nevertheless, an understanding of research methodology and biostatistics is required to be a successful clinician. CONCLUSIONS Some barriers to resident research can be addressed by better integration of residency and fellowships. Flexibility in the format of resident education may allow introduction of new methods to encourage resident research scholarship. An education program with a research curriculum is needed for all residencies.
Hydrodynamics and spatial zonation of the Capo Peloro coastal system (Sicily) through 3-D numerical modeling

Abstract Since advection and diffusion are the main physical processes that influence the cleaning capacity of coastal transitional waters, the 3-D spatial distribution of the water renewal times was used to delineate a physically-based zonation scheme. The temporal and spatial variations of the hydrodynamics are assessed using a validated three dimensional hydrodynamic finite element model. The developed methodology was applied to the Cape Peloro system, a coastal protected area located in the Messina Strait (Italy) consisting of two connected small brackish basins: the shallow Lake Ganzirri and the deep meromictic Lake Faro. The hydrodynamics of the two coastal lakes shows strong seasonal and spatial variation. The 3-D distribution of the water renewal times suggests a horizontal partition of the Lake Ganzirri into two sub-basins and a vertical zonation of the Lake Faro, with the mixolimnion extending till 10 m depth and the presence of a persistent bottom stagnant layer. The derived physically-based zonation scheme helps in explaining the highly heterogeneous spatial distribution of many biogeochemical variables in the Cape Peloro coastal system.
Automated surface area measurement of cultured cardiac myocytes.

An automated method for rapidly measuring surface area of individual cardiac myocytes was used as an index of myocyte growth. Hearts from 2- to 4-day-old rats were digested by overnight incubation in cold trypsin solution. Enriched suspensions of myocytes were plated at 2×105 cells/well in 12-well-culture plates. Cells were grown in M199 supplemented with 1%, 10% serum or 10% serum plus 10−7 M norepinephrine. On days 1–4 after plating, cells were fixed in Bouin's Solution and stained with Weigert's Iron Hematoxylin and Biebrich Scarlet-Acid Fuchsin. An inverted microscope, video camera and monitor were coupled to a video image processor (Image Technology Corp.). The enhanced image of stained heart cells was digitized, and perimeter, length, width and area of each selected cell were calculated. One hundred randomly selected cells were measured in each of eight wells from each treatment-day group. Areas of individual myocytes varied widely in culture dishes and the distribition was skewed toward larger cells. The standard deviation increased in proportion to an increase in mean cell area. A logarithmic transformation of the data normalized the data and yielded a more homogeneous variance. The geometric mean area of heart cells supplemented with 1% serum increased only slightly, but significantly, during four days in culture. Geometric mean area of cells supplemented with 10% serum increased nearly four-fold. Supplementing cells with norepinephrine (10−7 M) in addition to 10% serum did not induce a further increase in cell size. This technique has the potential to rapidly and objectively monitor heart cell growth following pharmacological or toxicological treatments.
Chest surface recording of diaphragm potentials in man.

Abstract The distribution of diaphragm potentials over the chest surface was recorded with electrode arrays along midaxillary, midclavicular, or sternal lines in 14 normal adults. The surface pattern of phasic inspiratory EMGs when subjects were supine, relaxed, and breathing quietly, was consistent with a diaphragm source. This pattern was obtained when the diaphragm alone was active (phrenic stimulation, 1 subject) and was absent when the diaphragm was inactive (unilateral paralysis, 1 subject). Static inspiratory efforts up to −40 cm H2O and voluntary breaths of twice tidal volume did not alter this characteristic voltage pattern if parasternal, pectoral, and abdominal recordings were near baseline. The peak voltage site moved down an interspace when inspirations exceeded 60% vital capacity. When subjects lay on their sides, the peak voltage site on the up-side shifted down one interspace, and the gradient on the down-side either shifted up or remained the same. We attribute these shifts to changes in diaphragm position. Muscular or positional artifacts which alter the timing and amplitude of surface diaphragm EMGs can be detected better with electrode arrays than a single bipolar pair. Several laboratory and clinical applications for recording diaphragm potentials from the chest surface are discussed.
The effect of number and minimum duration of post-response-prevention escapes on the resistance to extinction of an avoidance response

After one-way avoidance training, rats were exposed, during avoidance response prevention, to light (CS-only) presentations or to light-shock (CS-US) pairings. Subgroups were then given 1, 5, or 10 trials during which they could escape immediately (unrestricted) or after 5 sec (restricted) by means of the previously conditioned avoidance response from a simultaneous light-shock compound. All animals were then exposed to avoidance extinction. The number of unrestricted escapes increased responding for CS-only animals, but had no significant effect on the performance of CS-US animals. Nevertheless, resistance to extinction was considerably less for CS-only animals given 10 unrestricted escapes than for CS-US animals given one unrestricted escape. One restricted escape had no more effect than one unrestricted escape for either response-prevention group. However, 5 restricted escapes elevated responding for CS-only animals to the level of CS-US animals. Extinction responding for CS-US animals increased significantly only after 10 restricted escapes. Since CS-only animals showed no further increase, resistance to extinction once more was greater for CS-US animals. These results, together with the very brief unrestricted escape latencies of CS-only animals, support a greater role for Pavlovian extinction than for response competition in the facilitation of avoidance extinction by CS-only response prevention. The fact that 10 restricted escapes were required to elevate resistance to extinction for CS-US animals over that obtained with one unrestricted escape attests to the effectiveness of Pavlovian conditioning during avoidance response prevention in elevating CS aversiveness to a near ceiling level.
Bio-inspired flow and acoustic sensor

This paper describes the efforts toward the development of bio-inspired flow and acoustic sensor from fish. Anatomy study has indicated a basic transduction element is the hairy structure. This study describes the fabrication of sensing element that emulate the mechano-electrical transduction mechanism. These include the use of advanced lithographic technology for sensor electrode deposition. The sensor was polarized under high voltage gradient. Preliminary experimental evaluation indicates that the hairy structures are responsive to external excitations. Especially, the hairy structure made of the SDW method not only produces transduction component for mechano-electrical coupling, it is also rugged, sensitive and fracture resistant. The hairy structure also features directional sensitivity which could be used for acoustic field direction determination. The hairy structure is being further refined and will ultimately be integrated into develop bio-inspired flow and acoustic sensors.
An easy dissection technique for finding the tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi (Rennie) (Acari: Tarsonemidae), in honey bees, with video link

Abstract Since the introduction of varroa mites (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, 2000), the impact of tracheal mites on bees has been largely overshadowed or ignored. Tracheal mites are still present in bees, and may be responsible for some unexplained colony losses. If they cause bee mortality, it is important to be able to identify their presence and at what levels. This paper illustrates a quick and easy technique for dissecting bees for tracheal mites. Hopefully, the video link will be a useful training tool for researchers, beekeepers or regulatory personnel who need to test bees for the mite's presence. Tracheal mites are still present in some areas and can be introduced through the sale of bee packages or purchased queens. The presence or absence of these mites can also help determine or eliminate the cause of unexplained colony losses, especially in overwintered colonies.
Electrotonus on a nonlinear dendrite

Abstract The problem of electrotonus along an infinite cylindrical dendrite is reexamined by assuming that the several passive ionic fluxes across the dendrite's plasmalemma are given not by Ohm's law but by the constant field equation. The electronic behavior of the dendrite modeled in this way is significantly nonlinear: in particular, the electrotonic propagations of inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials become quantitatively different. The probable implications for neural data processing are discussed, and it is suggested that this nonlinearity will render an already difficult problem yet more difficult.
Potential clinical benefit of donor lymphocyte infusion in the treatment of refractory invasive fungal pneumonia

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) may have a potential therapeutic role in allograft recipients with life-threatening opportunistic infections. We report a successful treatment outcome in a patient with invasive fungal pneumonia. The patient who was refractory to prolonged course of liposomal Amphothericin cleared his infection after institution of posaconazole given in conjunction with four sequential DLI. This observed clinical benefit was associated with increasing number of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells post-DLI.
Inhibition of cold insolubility of an IgA cryoglobulin by decanedicarboxylic acid and related compounds

Cold insolubility of a serum IgA cryoimmunoglobulin was found to be inhibited by the addition of 1.5 mM sodium decanedicarboxylate in vitro. The patient with the cryoglobulin had advanced multiple myeloma complicated by severe hyperviscosity that caused lethargy and episodic loss of consciousness. Decanedicarboxylic acid administered orally resulted in transient relief of symptoms and the loss of cryoprecipitability of the paraprotein. Further in vitro studies revealed that sodium salts of long-chain monocarboxylic acids with a minimum of eight carbons, and dicarboxylic acids with a minimum of 12 carbons inhibited cryoprecipitation. Salts of short-chain carboxylic acids, by contrast, enhanced cryoprecipitation. Sodium phenolate and sodium salts of benzoic acid, 2,4-DNP, phenylpropionic acid, and salicylic acid were also inhibitory. These latter compounds, which have a ring structure, did not cause precipitation at any concentration. It was demonstrated that the presence of a free carboxylic group was required for these activities; conversion of carboxylic acid to amide resulted in the loss of both the inhibitory and cryoprecipitation-enhancing effects. Normal plasma, or plasma from five other patients who had IgG, IgM, or mixed-type cryoglobulinemia, were not affected by any of these compounds. It is suggested that in selected cases of hyperviscosity syndrome associated with cryoglobulinemia, some of these compounds, especially monocarboxylic acids with appropriate chain lengths, or those with a ring structure, may have therapeutic applications.
High specific activity tritiation of several biologically active indoles

Methods are presented to synthesize and characterize [(3)H] tryptamine (1b) and [(3)H] etodolac (2c).
Temperature dependence in the ESR intensities of matrix isolated potassium clusters

Abstract Two distinct ESR spectra are observed when atomic potassium and argon are codeposited under conditions favorable to aggregation. A pattern of seven equally spaced quartets may be attributed to potassium trimer molecules with a symmetric linear or obtuse angled isosceles geometry. Trimer transitions show a pronounced peaking in intensity at T ∼ 17 K. A second ESR spectrum consists of ten equally spaced hyperfine components, whose relative intensities approach the predicted distribution for three equivalent 39 K nuclei at high temperatures, but show a noticeable “alternating linewidth” effect at lower temperatures. These observations are interpreted in terms of a temperature dependent “pseudorotation” between three Jahn-Teller distortions of a D 3h molecule, most likely the trimer.
Occupational Lung Diseases among Soldiers Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan

Military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, from 2004 to the present, has served in a setting of unique environmental conditions. Among these are exposures to burning trash in open air “burn pits” lit on fire with jet fuel JP-8. Depending on trash burned--water bottles, styrofoam trays, medical waste, unexploded munitions, and computers--toxins may be released such as dioxins and n-hexane and benzene. Particulate matter air pollution culminates from these fires and fumes. Additional environmental exposures entail sandstorms (Haboob, Shamal, and Sharqi) which differ in direction and relationship to rain. These wars saw the first use of improvised explosive devices (roadside phosphate bombs),as well as vehicle improvised explosive devices (car bombs), which not only potentially aerosolize metals, but also create shock waves to induce lung injury via blast overpressure. Conventional mortar rounds are also used by Al Qaeda in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Outdoor aeroallergens from date palm trees are prevalent in southern Iraq by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, while indoor aeroallergen aspergillus predominates during the rainy season. High altitude lung disease may also compound the problem, particularly in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Clinically, soldiers may present with new-onset asthma or fixed airway obstruction. Some have constrictive bronchiolitis and vascular remodeling on open lung biopsy - despite having normal spirometry and chest xrays and CT scans of the chest. Others have been found to have titanium and other metals in the lung (rare in nature). Still others have fulminant biopsy-proven sarcoidiosis. We found DNA probe–positive Mycobacterium Avium Complex in lung from a soldier who had pneumonia, while serving near stagnant water and camels and goats outside Abu Gharib. This review highlights potential exposures, clinical syndromes, and the Denver Working Group recommendations on post-deployment health.
Evidence that direct binding of Gβγ to the GIRK1 G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ channel is important for channel activation

Activation of G protein-gated K+ channels by G protein-coupled receptors contributes to parasympathetic regulation of heart rate in the atrium and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the peripheral and central nervous system. Having found that G beta gamma activates the cloned GIRK1 channel, we now report evidence for direct binding of G beta gamma to both the N-terminal hydrophilic domain and amino acids 273-462 of the C-terminal domain of GIRK1. These direct interactions are physiologically important because synthetic peptides derived from either domain reduce the G beta gamma binding as well as the G beta gamma activation of the channel. Moreover, the N-terminal domain may also bind trimeric G alpha beta gamma, raising the possibility that physical association of G protein-coupled receptors, G proteins, and K+ channels partially accounts for their compartmentalization and hence rapid and specific channel activation by receptors.
Widespread occurrence of a unicellular, marine, planktonic, cyanobacterium

IN marked contrast to their freshwater counterparts, marine planktonic cyanobacteria are restricted to a few nostocalean genera, of which only Trichodesmium is capable of forming extensive water blooms1–3. We report here the widespread occurrence of a small, marine, chroococcalean cyanobacterium belonging to the genus Synechococcus.
Antisymbiosis and the trans-influence in gold(I) thiocyanate complexes

Abstract Au NCS/Au SCN ratios have been determined, using infrared spectsocopy ((v C N intergrated absorption intensity ratios) for a series of linear L Au(thiiocyanate) compelexes dissolved in a variety of solvents. The observation that the Au NCS/Au SCN ratio increases as the trans influences of the L ligand increases is completely in concert with the trend predicted by the antisymbiotic trans influence theory. This result is especially meaningful, in view of the fact that steric control of the thiocyanate's bonding mode is non-existent in these complexes. Solvent effects, though non negligible, did not vary in a regular fashion. Ony the S bonded isomer of each complex is present in the solid state. The far infrared solution spectra of the thiocyante complexes, most of their chloro analogs, and a few of their cyano analogs have been recorded and analyzes for peritnent peak assignments. Reaction of [Au(P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 )SCN] with an equivalent amount of P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 in 1, 2-dichloroethane produces significant amounts of both a tricoordinate complex, [Au(P( 6 H 5 ) 3 ) 2 (SCN/NCS)] and its ionized from, [Au(P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 2 ]SCN. The former complex exhibits a much larger degree of N bonding than any of the doccordiante LAu(thiocyanate) complexes, probably deu, at least in part, to some steric crowding.
Altered hepatic iron distribution and release in rats after exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

We have examined the effect of TCDD administration to male and female rats on the hepatic subcellular distribution of iron as well as on the availability of free or releasable iron. We have also examined the effect of TCDD on microsomal and mitochondrial cytochrome c reductase activity
Developing future hotel managers in Taiwan: from an industry viewpoint

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate and identify competencies needed for entry-level hotel managers from the industry professional's point of view. A survey instrument was used to gather data from present hotel managers in Taipei, Taiwan. Competencies identified in this survey, as being important by entry-level managers, could be a foundation for development of hospitality management curricula in Taiwan.
Improved synthesis and crystal structure of tetrakis(acetonitrile)(η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene)ruthenium(II) bis[tetrafluoroborate(1−)]

Abstract An improved, one-step synthesis of [RuII(1,5-COD)(CH3CN)4]2+ as the BF4− salt has been accomplished in 51% yield, an approximately 75% higher yield than the three-step literature synthesis of the corresponding PF6− salt. The improved synthesis consists of (i) grinding the insoluble [RuCl2(1,5-COD)]x precursor to increase the reaction rate and yield, (ii) treating the resultant [RuCl2(1,5-COD)]x with 2Ag+BF4− in refluxing acetonitrile with excess 1,5-COD present to inhibit 1,5-COD loss in the product and, most importantly, (iii) following the reaction directly by 1H-NMR spectrometry which revealed that the substitution reaction of the Ru(II), d6 precursor is, as expected, quite slow and requires ca. 120 h. The [Ru(1,5-COD)(CH3CN)4][BF4]2 product was characterized by 1H, 13C, and 19F-NMR, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Problems in commercial Ru and F analyses are also addressed since this issue has been inadequately treated in the existing literature.
Fowls with Blue Plumage from a Leghorn-Cornish Cross

Abstract IN crossbreeding studies at the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station reciprocal crosses were made between Dark Cornish and White Leghorn fowls. The F1 males from these two crosses were all alike. The general plumage color was white but considerable red appeared on the shoulder, wing bow, and back. The F1 females varied according to the way the cross was made. The F1 daughters of Leghorn males were uniformly white with yellow shanks. Those from Cornish males were a dingy white, had numerous feathers ticked with black, and had dark shanks. When these F1 individuals were mated together the progeny showed wide variation in color. Many were white like the Leghorn, and a few were marked like the Cornish. In addition there were black, barred, red, salmon, gray (like the Dorking female), reddish brown, and blue specimens. Some of the blue individuals were very well marked in the sense that they closely . . .
The resident-student teaching encounter: a structured method.

b r l p s o f d O e q b ncertainty is the best word to describe the residents’ feelng as they meet the medical students joining the team. Even mong residents who love to teach, it is often unclear hether the relationship between the resident and his/her ssigned medical student will be fruitful. To achieve the aximum benefit or reward for both residents and students, he relationship should pass through 4 phases (Table 1). ulfilling the conditions within each phase will remove ome of the variability in these experiences and aid in roducing a successful and mutually beneficial rotation. In phase 1, the pre-encounter phase, the resident must rst absolve themselves from all the teaching myths circuating in most medical teaching environments. These myths re nicely summarized by Eble in “The Craft of Teaching” 1] and are listed in Table 2. Second, the resident must be nthusiastic. Multiple studies, including Irby’s analysis of 20 medical student evaluations of faculty, have consisently placed teacher enthusiasm in the top 2 behaviors that orrelate strongly with optimum teaching effectiveness [2]. hird, the resident must understand his/her mission. A comon inaccuracy is that the resident teacher’s mission is only o “convey knowledge.” The resident’s mission is elegantly ummarized by the Noble Prize winner J. Michael Bishop of he University of California, San Francisco, who wrote, What are the purposes and priorities of teaching? First, to nspire. Second, to challenge. Third, and only third, to impart nformation” [3]. Phase 2 of the resident-student relationship is the preteachng phase. This phase involves a meeting of the resident and tudent early in the process, perhaps on the first day of the otation. Each party must clearly identify their level of nowledge, confidence, and experience. They should also dentify their deficiencies and what they need to learn. The esident must also define the student’s responsibilities. The mportance of this phase is emphasized by the wide disparty in the range of clinical exposures of the medical students, ven within the same clinical year. Phase 2, which provides he basis for the learning experience, is often skipped, which dds to first-encounter anxiety and is also responsible for ost of the failed resident-student teaching encounters.
Moderate treadmill exercise prevents oxidative stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats

Recent work has suggested correlation of oxidative stress with anxiety-like behavior. There also is evidence for anxiolytic effects of physical exercise. However, a direct role of oxidative stress in anxiety is not clear and a protective role of physical exercise in oxidative stress-mediated anxiety has never been addressed. In this study, we have utilized rats to test direct involvement of oxidative stress with anxiety-like behavior and have identified oxidative stress mechanisms likely involved in anxiolytic effects of physical exercise. Intraperitoneal injections at non-toxic dose of l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an agent that increases oxidative stress markers, increased anxiety-like behavior of rats compared to vehicle-treated control rats. Prior 2 weeks treatment with the antioxidant, tempol attenuated BSO-induced anxiety-like behavior of rats suggesting a role of oxidative stress in this phenomenon. Moreover, moderate treadmill exercise prevented BSO-induced anxiety-like behavior of rats and also prevented BSO-mediated increase in oxidative stress markers in serum, urine and brain tissue homogenates from hippocampus, amygdala and locus coeruleus. Thus increasing oxidative stress increases anxiety-like behavior of rats. Moreover, antioxidant or treadmill exercise training both reduce oxidative stress in the rat brain regions implicated in anxiety response and prevent anxiety-like behavior of rats.
TROUBLE FOR LEGAL POSITIVISM

Many contemporary legal positivists have argued that legal theory is evaluative because it requires the theorist to make judgments of importance. At the same time they argue that it is possible to know “what the law is” without resort to evaluative considerations. I distinguish between two senses of “what the law is”: in one sense it refers to legal validity, in another to the content of legal norms, and I argue that legal positivism is best understood (as indeed some legal positivists have explicitly said) as a claim about legal content. Understood this way, however, it is open to the objection that knowing the content of legal norms requires evaluative considerations for reasons similar to those offered by positivists for thinking that legal theory is requires evaluative considerations. I then distinguish between evaluative considerations in general and moral considerations and argue that because of the subject-matter of legal norms, there are good reasons for thinking that it is moral considerations, and not just any other evaluative considerations, that are required for knowing the content of legal norms.
ConsensusClusterPlus: a class discovery tool with confidence assessments and item tracking

Summary: Unsupervised class discovery is a highly useful technique in cancer research, where intrinsic groups sharing biological characteristics may exist but are unknown. The consensus clustering (CC) method provides quantitative and visual stability evidence for estimating the number of unsupervised classes in a dataset. ConsensusClusterPlus implements the CC method in R and extends it with new functionality and visualizations including item tracking, item-consensus and cluster-consensus plots. These new features provide users with detailed information that enable more specific decisions in unsupervised class discovery. Availability: ConsensusClusterPlus is open source software, written in R, under GPL-2, and available through the Bioconductor project (http://www.bioconductor.org/). Contact: ude.cnu.dem@srekliwm Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Caregivers of lung transplant candidates: do they benefit when the patient is receiving psychological services?

Background—We recently demonstrated that a targeted psychological intervention has quality of life, mood, and social intimacy benefits for patients awaiting lung transplantation.Objective—To evaluate the impact of the patient's participation in treatment on caregiver functioning.Design and Intervention—Caregivers of patients participating in a randomized clinical trial designed to compare 2 telephone-based psychological interventions completed outcome measures at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after patients completed treatment. Patients were randomized to receive either supportive therapy (emotional and educational support) or quality-of-life therapy (a cognitive-behavioral intervention that provided specific intervention strategies to boost happiness and satisfaction in life domains that compromise overall quality of life). Caregivers did not participate directly in the interventions.Setting and Participants—Participants were 28 caregivers from a large lung transplant center in the southeastern United S...
A fast banded matrix inversion using connectivity of Schur's complements

An algorithm for inverting banded matrices which outperforms the existing approaches in terms of arithmetic operation counts is discussed. The algorithm treats the banded matrix as a block tridiagonal matrix and couples the inverse of each block to its neighboring block through the Schur's complement. Two passes are required through the diagonal blocks to complete the inverse in the banded portion. The overall time complexity of the algorithm is O(n/sup 2/*bw), where n is the size and bw is the bandwidth of the matrix. It is approximately two times faster than the inverse method based on LU decomposition for small bandwidth. The algorithm is especially suited for inverting block tridiagonal matrices and achieves its highest efficiency in this case. >
Bone marrow transplant completely rescues hematolymphoid defects in STAT5A/5B-deficient mice.

Abstract Objective STAT5A/5B-deficient mice are recognized to manifest defects in multiple cell types and tissues. In particular, the hematopoietic defects in these mice are widespread, affecting multiple lineages and multiple stages of development. Previous studies indicate that deficiencies intrinsic to hematopoietic cells contribute substantially to the observed defects. However, in light of the broad physiologic effects of STAT5 in the context of the organism outside the blood system, we wished to investigate the possibility of STAT5-dependent environmental influence of nonhematopoietic origin on hematopoietic development in these mice. Materials and methods We transplanted wild-type bone marrow into STAT5A/5B-deficient mice to determine the effects of loss of STAT5 in nonhematopoietic tissue on hematopoietic development. Results We observed that transplantation of wild-type marrow completely corrects hematopoietic defects in STAT5A/5B-deficient recipient mice, including peripheral blood counts, bone marrow cellularity, and reductions in specific progenitor subsets. Conclusion These results indicate that the important role of STAT5 in hematolymphoid development are mediated directly through effects on hematopoietic cells and not indirectly.
All-electronic droplet generation on-chip with real-time feedback control for EWOD digital microfluidics

Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) actuation enables digital (or droplet) microfluidics where small packets of liquids are manipulated on a two-dimensional surface. Due to its mechanical simplicity and low energy consumption, EWOD holds particular promise for portable systems. To improve volume precision of the droplets, which is desired for quantitative applications such as biochemical assays, existing practices would require near-perfect device fabrication and operation conditions unless the droplets are generated under feedback control by an extra pump setup off of the chip. In this paper, we develop an all-electronic (i.e., no ancillary pumping) real-time feedback control of on-chip droplet generation. A fast voltage modulation, capacitance sensing, and discrete-time PID feedback controller are integrated on the operating electronic board. A significant improvement is obtained in the droplet volume uniformity, compared with an open loop control as well as the previous feedback control employing an external pump. Furthermore, this new capability empowers users to prescribe the droplet volume even below the previously considered minimum, allowing, for example, 1 : x (x < 1) mixing, in comparison to the previously considered n : m mixing (i.e., n and m unit droplets).
The Civilizing Force of Social Movements: Corporate and Liberal Codes in Brazil's Public Sphere*

Analysts of political culture within the “civil religion” tradition have generally assumed that discourse in civil society is structured by a single set of enduring codes based on liberal traditions that actors draw upon to resolve crises. Based on two case studies of national crises and debate in Brazil during its transition to democracy, I challenge this assumption by demonstrating that not only do actors draw upon two distinct but interrelated codes, they actively seek to impose one or another as dominant. In Brazil this is manifest in actors who defend elements from the code of liberty and its valuation of the freestanding citizen, and those who defend the corporate code and its valuation of the collectivity over the individual. In an earlier debate on crime the corporate code was dominant, but in a later debate surrounding presidential improprieties, the liberal code became dominant. This analysis makes two contributions to the literature: it highlights the importance of nonindividualist cultural codes, such as the corporate code, in animating discourse in the public sphere in democratizing societies, raising attention to the importance of the symbolic contestation between actors seeking to establish one or another code during political transitions. Second, it offers a subtle commentary on the literature on democratization: changes in collective representations in the public sphere may not proceed apace of institutional changes and may be contingent on the kinds of crisis events and actors willing to contest previously dominant codes.
Safety and tolerability of regadenoson CMR

Aims Knowledge of adverse events associated with regadenoson perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and patient tolerability has implications for patient safety and staff training. We sought to assess the safety and tolerability of regadenoson stress CMR. Materials and methods A group of 728 consecutive patients (median age 58, 44% female) and 25 normal volunteers (median age 21, 24% female) were recruited from August 2009 to March 2012 using a prospective, cross-sectional study design. Subjects were stressed using fixed-dose regadenoson and imaged using a 1.5T MRI scanner. Symptoms and adverse events including death, myocardial infarction (MI), ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF), hospitalization, arrhythmias, and haemodynamic stability were assessed. Results There were no occurrences of death, MI, VT/VF, high-grade atrioventricular block, or stress-induced atrial fibrillation. Notable adverse events included one case of bronchospasm and one case of heart failure exacerbation resulting in hospitalization. The most common symptoms in patients were dyspnoea (30%, n = 217), chest discomfort (27%, n = 200), and headache (15%, n = 111). There was minimal change between baseline and peak systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both patients and volunteers ( P > 0.05). A blunted heart rate response to regadenoson was noted in patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 ( P < 0.001), and diabetes ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Regadenoson CMR is well tolerated and can be performed safely with few adverse events.
The Complement of Research and Theory in Practice: Contact Theory at Work in Nonfamilial Intergenerational Programs

Purpose of the Study: We assessed whether a shared site intergenerational care program informed by contact theory contributed to more desirable social behaviors of elders and children during intergenerational programming than a center with a more traditional programming approach that lacks some or all of the contact theory tenets. Design and Methods: We observed 59 elder and child participants from the two sites during intergenerational activities. Using the Intergenerational Observation Scale, we coded participants’ predominant behavior in 15-s intervals through each activity’s duration. We then calculated for each individual the percentage of time frames each behavior code was predominant. Results: Participants at the theory-based program demonstrated higher rates of intergenerational interaction, higher rates of solitary behavior, and lower rates of watching than at the traditional program. Implications: Contact theory tenets were optimized when coupled with evidence-based practices. Intergenerational programs with stakeholder support that promotes equal group status, cooperation toward a common goal, and mechanisms of friendship among participants can achieve important objectives for elder and child participants in care settings.
Dual Ion Assist Beam Processing of Magnesium Oxide Template Layers for 2nd Generation Coated Conductors

Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of magnesium oxide (MgO) has been shown to be a viable route for producing biaxially textured template films on flexible polycrystalline metal substrates for high-performance coated conductor development. We have refined the technique of IBAD by using a dual ion assist approach. Dual ion assist beam deposition (DIBAD) of MgO reduces the requirements for substrate surface finishing while maintaining comparable film quality (phi scan full-width at half-maximum values between 7 and 8deg). Furthermore, this adaptation of the IBAD process eliminates the degradation of MgO texture observed in IBAD MgO films deposited on silicon nitride. We have deposited films up to 50 nanometers thick without degradation of the in-plane texture. Increasing the MgO thickness increases the chemical stability of template layer and can eliminate the necessity for subsequent buffer layers or the application of the homoepitaxial MgO layer needed to stabilize the thin, conventional IBAD MgO layer. The initial performance of coated conductors made with DIBAD templates is quite promising.
Short Pulse Wide-Band Scatterometer Ocean Surface Signature

In order to obtain additional parameters to more fully and adequately characterize the signature of a complex sea state a short pulse length, about 10 ns long, scatterometer is proposed with signal processing circuits to perform spectral and threshold level analyses. The incorporation of this scatterometer in a nadir-axis oriented, conically scanned antenna beam should aid significantly in establishing the degree of correlation of the normalized radar cross section to the wind velocity vector over the ocean surface.
Consumer Reactions to Round Numbers in Brand Names

This research shows that round numbers (e.g., 10, 50, 100) are strongly associated with completeness perceptions and consumers view them as thresholds for reaching certain completeness levels. In nine empirical studies, we demonstrate that round numbers in brand names, i.e., Round Alphanumeric Brand names (RABs) are overrepresented due to their strong association with product completeness.We find that RABs lead to favorable product evaluations and increased preferences. We examine alternative explanations based on other number properties including magnitude, divisibility, popularity, and familiarity and show that the effects of RABs on consumer responses are only mediated by the perception of product completeness.
Predictive toxicological paradigm and high throughput approach for toxicity screening of engineered nanomaterials

Nanotechnology is developing rapidly and numerous engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with various design strategies have been produced and used in commercial products that affect many aspects of life. This increases the potential of human and environmental exposure to nanomaterials and there is an urgent need to have a platform to investigate the potential adverse effects of these materials. We propose a predictive toxicological paradigm that utilises high throughput mechanism-based in vitro screening to make predictions about the physicochemical properties of ENMs that may lead to generation of pathology or disease outcomes in vivo. In this review, we describe the tools required for establishing predictive toxicology paradigms together with examples of successful approaches in the UC Centre of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) and the UCLA Centre for Nanobiology and Predictive Toxicology (CNPT).