cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-national prevalence and cultural correlates of bipolar I disorder

Bipolar disorder has been consistently related to heightened sensitivity to reward. Greater reward sensitivity predicts the onset of disorder, a more severe course, and conversion from milder to severe forms. No studies consider whether cultural factors related to reward sensitivity influence the course of bipolar disorder. This study examines the relationship of reward-relevant cultural values to global prevalence rates of bipolar I disorder. Lifetime prevalence of bipolar I disorder for 17 countries was drawn from epidemiological studies that used structured diagnostic interviews of large community samples. Bivariate correlations were used to assess the relationship of bipolar disorder prevalence with national scores on four reward-relevant cultural dimensions (Power Distance, Individualism, Long-Term Orientation, and Performance Orientation). The prevalence of bipolar I disorder was correlated in the predicted manner with Power Distance and Individualism, and with Long-Term Orientation and Performance Orientation after outliers were removed. Findings provide evidence for a cultural model of reward sensitivity in bipolar disorder.
Characterization of phospho‐proteins in bovine and buffalo caseins using atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

The specific bovine and buffalo caseins have been characterized with the aim of using atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry as an alternative to electrophoretic and immunological methods in the detection of the fraudulent addition of bovine milk to buffalo milk used in the production of speciality cheeses.
Assignment algorithms for modeling resource contention and interference in multi-robot task-allocation

We consider optimization of the multi-robot taskallocation problem when the overall performance of the team need not be a standard sum-of-cost model. We introduce a generalization that allows for the additional cost incurred by resource contention to be treated in a straightforward manner. In this variant, robots may choose one of shared resources to perform a task, and interference may be modeled as occurring when multiple robots use the same resource. We investigate the general NP-hard problem and instances where the interference results in linear or convex penalization functions. We propose an exact algorithm for the general problem and polynomial-time algorithms for the other problems. The exact algorithm finds an optimal assignment in a reasonable time on small instances. The other two algorithms quickly find an optimal and a high-quality approximation assignment even if a problem is of considerable size. In contrast to conventional approximation methods, our algorithm provides the performance guarantee.
The physical ageing response of an epoxy glass subjected to large stresses

Physical ageing studies were made using model epoxy network glasses. Non-linear viscoelastic responses were measured after quenching the glasses from above Tg to the temperature of interest. The physical ageing responses at different magnitudes of applied load, for different duration times of the load application and at different temperatures were studied. The creep compliance curves at different ageing times were able to be superimposed to form a single master curve, demonstrating the validity of a time-ageing time superposition principle for this epoxy network. Similar to many other physical ageing studies, we observed that the double-logarithmic shift rate μ decreases as the stress amplitude increases. However, this study differs from others in that the glasses were aged close to Tg and it was possible to age them into structural equilibrium, i.e. the glasses cease to age. Thus, t∗, the time required to reach structural equilibrium, was obtained. Results showed that t∗ did not change with the magnitude of applied stress; therefore, it will be argued that ageing is not ‘erased’ by large mechanical stimuli. Furthermore, the creep response after reaching equilibrium for the glass that had been subjected to the repeated stresses as it aged into equilibrium was compared with that of the same glass that was aged thermally into equilibrium without any stress application. There was no significant difference between the responses in these two conditions. This demonstrates that, in spite of the mechanical stimulus, the response of the glass in the equilibrium state has not changed. All these results support the argument that the volume recovery that occurs during ageing impacts the small-deformation response differently than it does the large-deformation response.
LINKAGE GROUPS IN GLOMERELLA

ALTHOUGH extensive genetic studies have been carried out with members of the genus Glomerella, only one case of linkage has been reported. This involved the A and B loci, which control mating reactions and certain morphological characters in this fungus. These two loci were found to be widely separated, the recombination frequency being 44.7 per cent (Chilton and Wheeler, 1949a). A number of investigators (Dodge, 1942; Struble and Keitt, 1950; Olive, 1951; Wheeler, 1954) have pointed out that Glomerella offers excellent material for basic genetic studies of sexuality and the nature of variability in fungi. Although this fungus is also generally well suited for other types of genetic investigations, previous studies have revealed certain phenomena for which no completely satisfactory explanation is available. The studies reported herein were undertaken with two objectives in mind: (1) to obtain evidence bearing on unresolved problems of inheritance in Glomerella, and (2) to build up stocks carrying suitable genetic markers for use in future investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-A prerequisite for t-his study was a large number of mutant forms which could be readily distinguished either on the basis of morphological characters or nutritional requirements. To obtain such mutants, suspensions of conidia from a clumped-conidial culture (Wheeler and McGahen, 1952) were exposed to ultraviolet radiation and plated out on a complete medium. More than 100 mutant forms were found among the colonies produced by the surviving spores but most of these were unsuitable for genetic analysis because they exhibited only slight modifications in growth characters. This phase of the investigation was discontinued when it was learned that many mutant forms of the organism were available which had been isolated and characterized in another laboratory.2 The mutant forms used in this study are listed in table 1. These having isolation numbers preceded by the letter W were supplied by C. L. Markert who has published a description of the methods used for their induction, isolation, and characterization (Markert, 1952). Mutant names and symbols have
The Rheological Properties of Fluid Denture-Base Resins

The rheological properties of six commercial fluid denture resins were determined by rotational viscometry. Initial viscosity ranged from 67 to 575 centipoise at a rotational speed of 10 revolutions per minute. All resins showed initial non-Newtonian flow behavior and increased viscosity with time.
An efficient overlap graph coarsening approach for modeling short reads

Next generation sequencing has quickly emerged as the most exciting yet challenging computational problem in Bioinformatics. Current sequencing technologies are capable of producing several hundreds of thousands to several millions of short sequence reads in a single run. However, current methods for managing, storing, and processing the produced reads remain for the most part simple and lack the complexity needed to model the produced reads efficiently and assemble them correctly. These reads are produced at a high coverage of the original target sequence such that many reads overlap. The overlap relationships are used to align and merge reads into contiguous sequences called contigs. In this paper, we present an overlap graph coarsening scheme for modeling reads and their overlap relationships. Our approach is different from previous read analysis and assembly methods that use a single graph to model read overlap relationships. Instead, we use a series of graphs with different granularities of information to represent the complex read overlap relationships. We present a new graph coarsening algorithm for clustering a simulated metagenomics dataset at various levels of granularity. We also use the proposed graph coarsening scheme along with graph traversal algorithms to find a labeling of the overlap graph that allows for the efficient organization of nodes within the graph data structure.
Time- and dose-dependency of intestinal lactase activity in adult rat on starch intake

Abstract Although it is generally accepted that lactase (β- d -galactosidase, EC 3.2.1.23) activity is not influenced by intake of saccharides containing α-linkages, an effect of these carbohydrates on lactase activity was never thoroughly investigated. Activity of lactase and sucrase (sucrose α- d -glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.48) was determined in proximal, middle and distal thirds of the jejunoilem of female, 12-week-old rats, fed for 2 weeks a low-starch (5 cal%), high-fat (73%) diet, and in rats, that after this introduction period were fed for 1,2 and 3 days, an isocaloric middle-starch (40%), middle-fat (36%) diet or an isocaloric high-starch (70%), low-fat (7%) diet. During the entire experimental period, the body weight changes, food intake and the amount of protein per segment were practically the same in all three dietary groups. In all intestinal segments, increased intake of starch was followed by an increase of lactase and sucroase activity (both expressed as per tissue protein or per intestinal segment) within the first day. The increase continued during the second day and leveled off during the third day. A highly significant linear correlation was found between the search content of the diets and the lactase activity in all three segments. A highly significant correlation was also established in all three segments between sucrase and lactase activities. These studies thus demonstrated a dose- and time-dependency between the intake of starch (a carbohydrate containing only α-linkages) and the activity of lactase, a neutral β-galactosidase in adult rats.
Determining operational benefits of required navigation performance (RNP) authorization required (AR) approaches

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: RNP AR background; navigation performance authorization required approach; and flight taxonomy.
Pediatric Head and Neck Dynamics in Frontal Impact: Analysis of Important Mechanical Factors and Proposed Neck Performance Corridors for 6- and 10-Year-Old ATDs

Objective: Traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death of children aged 1–19 in the United States and are principally caused by motor vehicle collisions, with the head being the primary region injured. The neck, though not commonly injured, governs head kinematics and thus influences head injury. Vehicle improvements necessary to reduce these injuries are evaluated using anthropomorphic testing devices (ATDs). Current pediatric ATD head and neck properties were established by scaling adult properties using the size differences between adults and children. Due to the limitations of pediatric biomechanical research, computational models are the only available methods that combine all existing data to produce injury-relevant biofidelity specifications for ATDs. The purpose of this study is to provide the first frontal impact biofidelity corridors for neck flexion response of 6- and 10-year-olds using validated computational models, which are compared to the Hybrid III (HIII) ATD neck responses and the ...
Load transfer of posts and cores to roots through cements

This study evaluated differences in load transfer when cast posts are fixed to roots with different cements. Cast posts and cores were cemented with 40 endodontically prepared teeth by using four different cement mediums. The load exerted on the root surface through the post was evaluated using a strain gauge. The increased flexure after cementation was statistically analyzed. In conclusion, there was load transfer from post to root structure when posts were cemented, but no difference was found between cementation mediums.
Continuous red light induces persistent estrus without retinal degeneration in the albino rat.

Female rats were exposed for 12 weeks to red (peak 660 nm) or Cool White continuouslight (LL), or to 12 h per day (LD) of Cool White light, all at a flux density of 100 ¼w/cm2 (approximately 30 incident foot-candles). Either red or white LL produced significantly prolonged vaginal cornification and significantly reduced ovarian weight, as compared to LD exposure. White LL, but not red LL, produced degeneration of retinal photoreceptors. (Endocrinology 97: 208, 1975)
Developing an Approach for Using the Soil Phytolith Record to Infer Vegetation and Disturbance Regime Changes over the Past 200 Years

Abstract Historical ecology is a field of research that seeks to explain how ecosystem change is manifest upon the landscape over time. This interdisciplinary synthesis of information draws from the human and the biological archive. Historical ecology helps characterize reference conditions and the historic range of variability in ecosystem structure that is useful in understanding ecosystem dynamics and function, provides input to resource managers, and guides restoration efforts. The methods in historical ecology cover a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. However, the evidence for time scales of less than 200 years is largely limited to the human archive and dendrochronology. Additional approaches for this more recent time period could provide important information for understanding the vegetation changes in the past 200 years especially where dendrochronology is not applicable. This research seeks to expand the biological evidence for inferring vegetation and disturbance regime changes in the Western United States since settlement in the 1800s by developing an approach that combines the human archive and soil phytolith analysis. We examined the human archive for vegetation and disturbance regimes change in the City of Rocks National Reserve, Idaho, US. In addition, we examined the phytoliths of native and introduced species in the area and looked at how well the soil phytolith record reflects recent wildfires. Our results indicate that this combination of history and soil phytolith analysis will be a useful approach for inferring vegetation and disturbance change in ecological histories.
State Lotteries, Isolation and Economic Growth in the U.S.

This paper uses a &anger causality test adapted for use with cross-section time series data, to (1) test the relationship between lottery revenue and state economic growth (per capita income), and (2) address the importance of cross-border purchases in the relationship. Neither issue has been empirically tested previously. Previous evidence (Caudill, et al., 1995) suggests that states surrounded by lotteries are more likely than isolated states to introduce lotteries. But the empirical results here suggest that lotteries do not contribute to economic growth unless the state is isolated t?om other state lotteries. The importance of isolation suggests that cross-border purchases (exports) of lottery tickets have a significant impact on the effectiveness of lotteries as fiscal policies, and that “defensive” lotteries (those introduced to keep citizens from buying tickets from neighboring states) are ineffective.
Apparent racial disparity in the utilization of invasive testing for risk assessment of cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery

Abstract Background Studies on racial disparity in the use of cardiac diagnostic procedures are limited because they were conducted in the acute clinical setting without control for patient knowledge and emotional state or used models not controlling for racism. Using the setting (model) of elective evaluation of known, stable, cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, where the surgeon/anesthesiologist's personal interest precludes expression of potential racial bias, we assessed for racial differences in the utilization of diverse cardiac diagnostic procedures for risk assessment and optimization. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from 314 consecutive patients [92 (29%) African-American, 222 (71%) Caucasian] with coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction Results The incidence of angina, prior myocardial infarction, and ischemic cardiomyopathy was higher in Caucasians (75%, 68%, and 164%, P P P plus cardiomyopathy was factored in as a surrogate of severity. The use of noninvasive cardiac procedures and the 30-day mortality and morbidity did not differ by race. Conclusion In a racism-proof model of preoperative evaluation of stable cardiac veterans, the racial disparity in the use of invasive procedures was related to epidemiologic differences. In addition, the parity in mortality and morbidity corroborates no underuse of diagnostic procedures among African-Americans.
REVISED VALUES FOR THE RATE COEFFICIENTS OF ETHANE AND METHANE DECOMPOSITION

Revised values are given for the rate coefficients of ethane and methane decomposition derived from the laser absorption shock tube measurements performed by Davidson et al. (1992, 1993). This revision results from a reassessment of the methyl absorption coefficient used in the original studies. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermodynamic properties of supercritical fluids and their mixtures at very high pressures

Experimental and estimated PVT data for simple fluids at very high pressures have been correlated with corresponding states theory. Generalized tables and charts are given for density, enthalpy, fugacity, and internal energy for the reduced temperature range 1 to 50 and for reduced pressures to 2000. Consideration is given to possible solidification at very high pressures and to applicability of the reduced charts to quantum fluids, water and ammonia, through temperature-dependent effective critical constants. The van der Waals two-fluid model of binary mixtures is used to calculated properties of mixtures including the composition of coexisting phases. The correlations presented here are useful for estimating thermodynamic properties at very high pressures.
Rotationally induced polarization in pure absorption spectral lines

The existence of polarization in rotationally broadened pure absorption lines is shown. The effect arises largely through the breaking of the axial symmetry about the line-of-sight by rotation so that the cancellation of polarized continuum radiation is incomplete. This symmetry breaking takes place as a result of the rotationally displaced local line profile covering part of the polarizing continuum on the apparent disc of the star. The result of this local shadowing of the disc by the line is a net polarization which varies across the rotationally broadened line
Purification, characterization, and comparison of an α -glucosidase (endo-oligo-1, 4-glucosidase) from the mesophile Bacillus subtilis and the obligate thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus

Thep-nitrophenyl-α-d-maltoside hydrolyzingα-glucosidase from the mesophileBacillus subtilis 25S and the obligate thermophileBacillus caldolyticus C2 was purified, characterized, and compared in order to determine the molecular mechanisms that may confer thermostability of starch-degrading enzymes. Both enzymes showed endo-oligo-1,4-glucosidase activity owing to their identical hydrolysis of linear malto-oligosaccharides to maltose and glucose as determined by thin-layer chromatography. Neither enzyme showed activity againstp-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside, maltose, isomaltose, isomaltotriose, or panose. The enzymes may tentatively be classified as a panose-producing pullulanase owing to their hydrolysis of pullulan. The 25S and C2 enzymes were composed of two identical subunits of Mr 55,000 and 60,000 respectively. Both the 25S and C2 enzymes have a pI of 4.85, pH optimum of 7.5 and 7.0, and Km values for the chromogenic substratep-nitrophenyl-α-d-maltoside of 2.96 mM and 1.31 mM respectively. The 25S enzyme exhibited optimal activity between 35 and 37°C, and complete inactivation after 10 min at 45°C, while the C2 enzyme showed optimal activity at 60°C and retained 100% of initial activity at 60°C for 2 h. The C2 enzyme required a minimum of 0.02% 2-mercaptoethanol or 0.01 mM EDTA for thermostability. A comparison of the amino acid compositions showed an increase in the number of proline, alanine, and leucine residues for the thermostable C2 enzyme. These alterations in hydrophobicity may influence enzyme thermostability; this may be a factor in the design of engineered proteins for industrial use.
Marking a Weberian Moment: Our Discipline Looks Ahead

That the discipline of International Relations is again in disarray was the prevailing theme of a seminar titled Visions of International Relations , held at the University of South Carolina in autumn 1998. This essay is at once a reflection on the discussions that took place at the seminar and a representation of views that I offered as a participant. It comments on the epistemological issues in contention in the “third great debate” in International Relations, and it raises questions about the place and legitimacy of humanistic approaches to the study of relations among states and peoples. By my reckoning, International Relations is a full-fledged, full-blown, autonomous, legitimate and accomplished academic discipline, and ought not to be thought of as a subfield of political science or of any other of the social sciences.
Unifying inertial and relative solutions for planetary hopper navigation

Hopping vehicles provide advantages over traditional surface exploration vehicles, such as wheeled rovers, by enabling in-situ measurements in otherwise inaccessible terrain. However, significant development over previously demonstrated vehicle navigation technologies is required to overcome the inherent challenges involved in navigating a hopping vehicle, especially in adverse terrain. This paper describes inertial and relative planetary surface navigation techniques for a propulsive planetary hopper. Draper & MIT have been working on an integrated solution for safe and precise landing and traversing via hopping. This modular sensor system uses inertial measurement units (IMUs) and vision-aided packages to analyze the tradeoffs associated with the fusion of inertial and relative sensor solutions, and to act as a proof-of-concept for a hopper navigation system incorporating unified inertial and terrain-relative navigation solutions. This navigation sensor is used to provide the basis for a discussion of the relative merits of inertial and vision-based navigation systems. In addition, a preliminary testing plan for advancing this system to mission-ready status is proposed.
Developing a Faculty Learning Community for Non-Tenure Track Professors

Non-tenure track faculty vary greatly in terms of their ranks, teaching abilities, workloads, and motivational levels and have unique professional development needs. In response, universities are differentiating professional development for these professors. This case study examined an emerging research university’s efforts to provide a faculty learning community (FLC) for its non-tenure track professors. Data were collected during an academic year from interviews with the participants, evaluations completed by the participants after the meetings, and the facilitators’ curricular materials. The participants learned useful instructional strategies and felt more connected to their colleagues, more supported by the university, and more confident in their teaching. The findings suggest that FLCs are a viable method of professional development for non-tenure track faculty.
The Leader of the Future: New Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the Next Era

The article reviews the book “The Leader of the Future: New Visions, Strategies, and Practices for the Next Era,” edited by Frances Hesselbein, Marshall Goldsmith, and Richard Beckhard.
Learning to Group Text Lines and Regions in Freeform Handwritten Notes

This paper proposes a machine learning approach to grouping problems in ink parsing. Starting from an initial segmentation, hypotheses are generated by perturbing local configurations and processed in a high-confidence-first fashion, where the confidence of each hypothesis is produced by a data-driven AdaBoost decision-tree classifier with a set of intuitive features. This framework has successfully applied to grouping text lines and regions in complex freeform digital ink notes from real TabletPC users. It holds great potential in solving many other grouping problems in the ink parsing and document image analysis domains.
FAETL Motif Required for Leukemic Transformation by v-Myb

The nuclear protein v-Myb, encoded by the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), can induce acute monoblastic leukemia in vivo and transform chicken myelomonocytic cells in culture. The N terminus of v-Myb functions as the DNA-binding domain, and multiple central and C-terminal regions of this protein have been reported to function in transcriptional activation of model reporter genes. We showed previously that a C-terminal domain (amino acids 296 to 371) is required for transcriptional activation and transformation of primary chicken myelomonocytic cells. In this study, we have now analyzed a series of C-terminal mutants of v-Myb to further investigate this domain. A strong correlation was observed between transcriptional activation and leukemic transformation by this series of mutants. Furthermore, deletion analyses demonstrate that the C-terminal 41 amino acids of v=MybAMV (amino acids 331 to 371 of the Myb portion) are nonessential whereas further deletion of amino acids 321 to 330 (EFAETLQLID) results in a nonfunctional protein. Hence, we defined a 10-amino-acid subregion (the "FAETL" motif) required for transcriptional activation and oncogenic transformation by v-Myb Amv. The FAETL region is part of a putative leucine zipper structure and lies near a cluster of phosphorylation sites. Our analysis of mutants with substitutions of the zipper leucines or multiple adjacent phosphorylation sites demonstrates that the function of the FAETL motif is not dependent on an intact leucine zipper structure or adjacent phosphorylation sites. The study of GAL4-Myb fusions suggests that this region is important in maintaining a fully functional conformation of v-Myb. The putative leucine zipper structure has previously been proposed to exert inhibitory effects on c-Myb because its mutation caused increased transcriptional transactivation and transformation. Interestingly, our results show that this region is essential for the functions of v-Myb without requiring a heptad leucine repeat.
Bench-to-bedside review: Treating acid–base abnormalities in the intensive care unit – the role of buffers

The recognition and management of acid–base disorders is a commonplace activity for intensivists. Despite the frequency with which non-bicarbonate-losing forms of metabolic acidosis such as lactic acidosis occurs in critically ill patients, treatment is controversial. This article describes the properties of several buffering agents and reviews the evidence for their clinical efficacy. The evidence supporting and refuting attempts to correct arterial pH through the administration of currently available buffers is presented.
The neurology of Sjögren's syndrome and the rheumatology of peripheral neuropathy and myelitis

Neurological symptoms occur in approximately 20% of patients with Sjogren's syndrome, and may be the presenting manifestations of the disease. Here, we review several neurological conditions that can occur in Sjogren's syndrome: sensory ganglionopathy, painful small fibre neuropathy, and transverse myelitis (independently or as part of neuromyelitis optica). We present the symptoms, signs, differential diagnoses, recommended diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of each of these, highlighting the features that should alert neurologists to consider Sjogren's syndrome.
Self-Esteem in the Adaptation of Spanish-Speaking Adolescents: The Role of Immigration, Family Conflict, and Depression

Acultural context model was employed in studying self-esteem group differences within a Spanish-speaking sample of adolescents. Acculturation patterns for Spanish-speaking subgroups show differences in the way that they will fit into American society. Depression, parent-child conflict, and discrimination influenced individual self-esteem, along with school achievement and motivation. Regression analyses were employed to partition and study the variance of the above predictors. The cultural contexts of five groups, particularly the role of family in adaptation in different communities, are discussed.
Cell-based and cytokine-directed chemical screen to identify potential anti-multiple myeloma agents

We used a novel high-throughput drug screening assay, based on Luminex technology, to identify anti-myeloma agents capable of inhibiting cytokines and growth factors essential for multiple myeloma (MM) from a chemical library of 1120 compounds provided by MMRF. Tetracycline derivatives inhibited MM cell proliferation and osteoclast activating factors without obvious effect on cell viability. Steroid compounds specifically decreased angiogenesis-related factors, but stimulated osteoclast activating factors. Antihelmintic drugs potently inhibited cytokines and were cytotoxic. The screen identified potential candidates with potent anti-MM properties that need further investigation.
Clinical implications and value of immunohistochemical staining in the evaluation of lymph node infarction after fine‐needle aspiration

We report on a series of 3 patients who underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for clinically apparent lymphadenopathy. In all 3 cases, a diagnosis of malignancy was rendered based on cytologic findings (two metastatic squamous-cell carcinomas and one melanoma). However, initial follow-up surgical pathology reported only “extensive coagulative necrosis, no viable tumor seen.” Subsequent immunohistochemical stains (cytokeratins (AE1/AE3), HMB45, S100, and Melan A) demonstrated the presence of metastatic tumor in the area of infarction in each case, thus establishing the presence of metastatic tumor and correct interpretation of the initial FNA. We conclude, based on our own experience and a few previously reported cases, that total infarction of the lymph nodes following FNA can occur, and immunohistochemistry can be helpful in clinical management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:104–107. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Democracy's Young Heroes: An Instructional Model of Critical Literacy Practices

This article presents an instructional strategy that helps young students perform critical literacy practices that incorporate democratic ideals. The model outlines a plan to stimulate young people's critical engagement with social justice issues. The model features an actual historical event involving young activists in civil rights. The author attempts to show how young learners can identify with the hopes and aspirations of historical figures their own age. Critical literacy is defined here as a set of literacy practices and civic competencies that help the learner develop awareness that texts represent particular points of view while simultaneously silencing other views. The critical literacy practices developed in this model examine multiple perspectives: finding one's authentic voice, recognizing social barriers and crossing borders of separation, regaining one's identity, and listening and responding to the call of service. Underlying each of these critical practices is the democratic vision of justice and fair play for all people. The purpose of teaching these literacy practices is to help students become critically competent and caring citizens. The practices of critical literacy can be performed by students who are taught in a learning environment that encourages critical analysis of social justice issues, age-appropriate civic responsibilities, and adherence to democratic principles.
Measurements of Ballistic Impact Response of Novel Coextruded PC/PMMA Multilayered-Composites

Ballistic impact behavior of coextruded composites consisting of alternate layers of ductile polycarbonate (PC) and brittle poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were investigated. These PC/PMMA composites were 256, 1024, 2048 and 4096 layers; each consisted of various component compositions and their corresponding layer thickness was on the order of micron or sub-micron scale. Individual layer thickness of PMMA was determined to be critical for the impact response of these ductile/brittle hybrids. A brittle mode of failure was encountered as the thickness of PMMA layers reached 0.5 mm or higher, regardless of their composition or layer configuration. Damage zone size increased significantly as the PMMA layer thickness reduced to approximately 0.36 mm; a mixed mode of failure resulted in these PC/PMMA composites. With the PMMA layer thickness further reduced to approximately 0.14 mm, ductile deformation, which was predominant in the pure PC, occurred in these coextruded composites. Ballistic impact energy data...
Organizational Cultures as Holding Environments: A Psychodynamic Look at Organizational Symbolism

The traditional formulation of symbols as "bundles of meaning" has supported many fine-grained analyses of organizational culture. However, it tends to obscure deeper psychodynamic elements that are essential to shaping how culture forms, develops, and dies. This paper adapts the idea of "holding environment" from Winnicott, Kegan, and others to sketch the potential contribution of such a psychodynamic perspective. An illustrative case is presented to support the argument.
Inference and Association in Children's Early Numerical Estimation.

How do children map number words to the numerical magnitudes they represent? Recent work in adults has shown that two distinct mechanisms—structure mapping and associative mapping—connect number words to nonlinguistic numerical representations (Sullivan & Barner, 2012). This study investigated the development of number word mappings, and the roles of inference and association in children’s estimation. Fifty-eight 5- to 7-year-olds participated, and results showed that at both ages, children possess strong item-based associative mappings for numbers up to around six, but rely primarily on structure mapping—an inferential process—for larger quantities. These findings suggest that children rely primarily on an inferential mechanism to construct and deploy mappings between number words and large approximate magnitudes. How do number words like seven and thirty-five get linked to sets of things in the world? When children make these mappings, do they form item-by-item associations between numerals and quantities? Or do they use inferential processes based on their knowledge of how numbers are related to one another? Although philosophical discussions of mathematical knowledge provide strong reasons to doubt that perception alone could supply the logical meanings encoded by number words (e.g., Frege, 1884/1953; Kant, 1781/1929), experimental
Effect of Hemodilution on Tissue Perfusion and Blood Coagulation during Radical Hysterectomy

Abstract Objective. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety of hemodilution on global and splanchnic perfusion and blood coagulation during radical hysterectomy. Methods. A pulmonary artery catheter and a gastric tonometry catheter were placed in 16 patients with cervical carcinoma. Global perfusion indices, splanchnic perfusion index, and coagulation tests were obtained. Blood was removed to achieve a hemoglobin measurement of 8–9 9 g/dL. Three more measurements were repeated after hemodilution, at the end of surgery, and after the retransfusion of blood. Analysis of variance was used to determine statistical significance. Results. Sixteen patients with cervical carcinoma had 1.0 ± 0.3 L (mean ± SD) of blood removed and had a blood loss of 0.8 ± 0.7 L. Hemodiluted preoperative hemoglobin was 8.7 ± 1 g/dL. All of the global perfusion indices, except for arterial pH and oxygen consumption, decreased after hemodilution and recovered with the retransfusion of blood ( P ≤ 0.004). Splanchnic perfusion and coagulation tests were unchanged ( P ≥ 0.1). Major complication was pulmonary edema in one patient. Conclusion. Hemodilution during radical hysterectomy, in this select group of patients, does not appear to compromise tissue perfusion or coagulation.
A comparison of lidar, radar, and field measurements of canopy height in pine and hardwood forests of southeastern North America

Forest canopy height is essential information for many forest management activities and is a critical parameter in models of ecosystem processes. Several methods are available to measure canopy height from single-tree to regional and global scales, but the methods vary widely in their sensitivities, leading to different height estimates even for identical stands. We compare four technologies for estimating canopy height in pine and hardwood forests of the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA: (1) digital elevation data from the global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) C-band radar interferometry, (2) X- and P-band radar interferometry from the recently developed airborne Geographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (GeoSAR) sensor, (3) small footprint lidar measurements (in pine only), and (4) field measurements acquired by in situ forest mensuration. Differences between measurements were smaller in pine than in hardwood forests, with biases ranging from 5.13 to 12.17 m in pine (1.60–13.77 m for lidar) compared to 6.60–15.28 m in hardwoods and RMSE from 8.40 to 14.21 m in pine (4.73–14.92 m for lidar) compared to 9.54–16.84 in hardwood. GeoSAR measurements of canopy height were among the most comparable measurements overall and showed potential for successful calibration, with R
Development of BCU classifiers for on-line dynamic contingency screening of electric power systems

A sequence of BCU classifiers for online dynamic contingency screening is developed and their theoretical basis is provided. The design objective of the BCU classifiers is to ensure that unstable (single-swing or multiswing) contingencies be completely captured and that the number of contingencies needed for further analysis be significantly reduced. An architecture for online dynamic security assessments consisting of the BCU classifiers and an online transient stability (time-domain) simulation program is presented. The effectiveness of the developed BCU classifiers and proposed architecture is evaluated with very promising results using 7120 contingencies on a 50-generator, 145-bus power system and a 202-generator, 1293-bus real power system data.
Understanding the Effects of Convective Momentum Transport on Climate Simulations : The Role of Convective Heating

Abstract A simplified general circulation model (GCM), consisting of a complete dynamical core, simple specified physics, and convective momentum transport (CMT) forcing, is used to understand the effects of CMT on climate simulations with a focus on the role of convective heating in the response of circulation to the CMT forcing. It is found that the convective heating dominates the meridional circulation response and dynamical processes dominate the zonal wind response to the CMT forcing in the tropics; the simplified model reproduces some of the key features of CMT-induced circulation changes observed in the full GCM in the tropics. These results suggest that the CMT-induced zonal and meridional circulation changes in the tropics in the full GCM are dominated by dynamical processes and the convective heating, respectively. Inclusion of the CMT in the model induces a marked change in convective heating, which negatively correlates with the change in vertical velocity, indicating the existence of CMT-ind...
Mental Health, School Problems, and Social Networks: Modeling Urban Adolescent Substance Use

This study tested a mediation model of the relationship with school problems, social network quality, and substance use with a primary care sample of 301 urban adolescents. It was theorized that social network quality (level of risk or protection in network) would mediate the effects of school problems, accounting for internalizing problems and relations with parents, on substance use. Results of path modeling with AMOS showed that the model provided a very good fit to the data and demonstrated partial mediation effects of social network quality on substance use. The standardized mediated effect of school problems on substance use, mediated by social network quality, was 0.13 (p < .01, 95% CI [.072, .189]). An effect size measure was applied to determine what proportion of the total effect was mediated by the intervening (social network quality) variable and produced a 0.34 effect size. The results highlight the potential preventive role of social network quality in addressing urban adolescent substance use.
Statistical and Scientific Database Issues

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research issues of statistical and scientific databases (SSDB's). It organizes the issues into four major groups: physical organization and access methods, operators, logical organization and user interfaces, and miscellaneous issues. It emphasizes the differences between SSDB's and traditional database applications, and motivates the need for new and innovative techniques for the support of SSDB's. In addition to describing current work in this field, it discusses open research areas and proposes possible approaches to their solution.
Model Representation of Freezing and Melting Precipitation: Implications for Winter Weather Forecasting

Abstract During episodes of sustained moderate or heavy precipitation in conjunction with near-freezing temperatures and weak horizontal temperature advection, the latent heat released (absorbed) by the freezing (melting) of falling precipitation may alter thermal profiles sufficiently to affect the type and amount of freezing or frozen precipitation observed at the surface. Representation of these processes by operational numerical weather prediction models is incomplete; forecaster knowledge of these model limitations can therefore be advantageous during winter weather forecasting. The Eta Model employs a sophisticated land surface model (LSM) to represent physical processes at the lower-atmospheric interface. When considering the thermodynamic effect of melting or freezing precipitation at the surface, it is shown that limitations in the current version of the Eta LSM can contribute to biases in lower-tropospheric temperature forecasts. The Eta LSM determines the precipitation type reaching the surface...
Changes in and Efficacies of Indications for Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Cytogenomic Abnormalities: 13 Years of Experience in a Single Center

BACKGROUND Because the future application of cell-free fetal DNA screening is expected to dramatically improve the diagnostic yield and reduce unnecessary invasive procedures, it is time to summarize the indications of invasive prenatal diagnosis. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the changes and efficacies of indications of invasive procedures for detecting cytogenomic abnormalities from 2000 to 2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS From our regional obstetric unit, 7818 invasive procedures were referred by indications of advance maternal age (AMA), abnormal ultrasound findings (aUS), abnormal maternal serum screening (aMSS), and family history (FH). Chromosome, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analyses were performed on chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniotic fluid (AF) specimens at the Yale Cytogenetics Laboratory. The abnormal findings from single or combined indications were compared to evaluate the diagnostic yield. RESULTS The annual caseload declined by 57.2% but the diagnostic yield increased from 7.2% to 13.4%. Chromosomal and genomic abnormalities were detected in 752 cases (9.6%, 752/7818) and 12 cases (4%, 12/303), respectively. Significantly decreased AMA referrals and increased aUS and aMSS referrals were noted. The top 3 indications by diagnostic yield were AMA/aUS (51.4% for CVS, 24.2% for AF), aUS (34.7% for CVS, 14.5% for AF), and AMA/aMSS (17.8% for CVS, 9.9% for AF). CONCLUSIONS Over a period of 13 years, the indication of aMSS and aUS were increasing while AMA was decreasing for prenatal diagnosis of cytogenomic abnormalities, and there was a continuous trend of reduced invasive procedures. Prenatal evaluation using AMA/aUS was the most effective in detecting chromosomal abnormalities, but better indications for genomic abnormalities are needed.
Homemade social work: Starting In the ontological

“Ontological” sounds like one of those esoteric and abstract concepts so annoying to those embedded in the “real” world of practice. Ontological questions relate to matters of actual existence and action. In this paper I argue that starting in the ontological or lived experience has been a central thread of social work since the time of pioneering social worker Jane Addams. Her work documenting an interpretive praxis offers an anchoring for the continuous renewal of social work. This paper aims to link the past to the present and further to identify the ontological power of ethnographic methods in continuing these “homemade” traditions. Beginning with a reflection on my practice and subsequent research, the paper considers six interpretive projects I supervised. A common thread is their contextual generation in the lived experience of the always-embodied researcher/practitioner. Setting aside the epistemological debate around qualitative, compared with quantitative, approaches, this paper examines what interpretive research does and explores the power of ethnographic methods in social work research and practice. Seven contemporary interpretive research cases map how located experiences of gender, indigeneity, practitioner-being, migration and other possibilities usefully inform the project of social work. All share generation from a particular practitioner’s “local knowledge” and in that sense are “homemade”. All differ by virtue of being responsive to each researcher’s positioning in time and place. Homemade social work is a way of doing social work research. This way of making knowledge through exploring, demonstrating and publishing responsiveness to the diversity of problematic issues in an always-changing world has the advantage of turning reflected practitioner experience into an asset for a researcher rather than being considered a contaminating deficit. Such theoretically informed projects constitute ways for social work as a discipline and profession to rise to the challenge of being research-informed while building on what it is that social work practitioners do.