cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein, Methionine, and Lysine Requirements of Growing Hen Turkeys Under Various Environmental Temperatures

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to study the protein and amino acid requirements of growing Large White female turkeys at temperatures of 7, 14, 21, and 28 C. In Experiment 1, five dietary treatment series (A, B, C, D and E) which ranged in protein content from 24.3 to 16.9, 20.4 to 14.2 and 17.8 to 11.9%, were fed during 8 to 11, 11 to 14, and 14 to 17 wk of age, respectively. The D diet series was also supplemented with methionine or lysine or both to equal the levels in the B series forming the D, DM, DL, and DML treatments. In Experiment 2, B and C protein levels were fed between 11 and 14 wk of age. Between 14 and 17 wk of age, the B, C, D, and E protein levels were fed to each group forming a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In Experiment 1, during 8 to 11 wk of age, body weight gain decreased when birds were fed diets containing less than 22.5% protein. From 11 to 14 wk of age, at 7 and 14 C, the C diet supported maximum gains but at 21 and 28 C, the B and A diets, respectively, resulted in heavier turkeys. With the D diet, methionine supplementation significantly (P
Laboratory Study on Dispersant Effectiveness in Alaskan Seawater

The objective of this project was to test dispersant effectiveness in the laboratory under conditions relevant to Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. Two laboratory testing methods were used to compare a range of test conditions and dispersant to oil ratios (DORs) using PWS seawater at 8°C, Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil, and Corexit 9500. Three DORs were tested, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:50. It was found that in most cases, the dispersant effectiveness was directly proportional to the DOR. For each DOR, dispersant effectiveness was measured at four contact times (time between dispersant application to a spill and start of mixing) and five weathering times (time between oil spill and dispersant application). Corexit 9500 dispersed ANS crude oil at 8°C in PWS seawater to differing degrees, depending on the test conditions. The results indicated that, in general, the greatest dispersion occurred when the weathering time was minimized and a short contact time was provided.
The plasma-cathode electron gun

The development of a new type of plasma-cathode electron gun suitable for pulsed as well as CW operation with e -beam lasers is reported. This device employs a plasma generated within a low-voltage hollow-cathode discharge rather than a thermionic emitter as the source of electrons. Electrons extracted from the plasma pass through a triode-type control grid structure and are accelerated to high energies in a plasma-free region prior to emerging from the gun through a thin foil window (the foil window was replaced by a solid collector in the tests described here). A plasma-cathode device producing a beam of up to 30 cm2in area has been evaluated at beam energies up to 140 keV, at 100-μs pulsed beam current densities up to 1 A/cm2, and at CW current densities of greater than 0.7 mA/cm2. The beam current uniformity has been evaluated and the beam has been measured to be monoenergetic to better than 3 percent at the foil-window location. The major life-limiting factors have been shown to be minimal. Devices capable of producing beams of arbitrarily large areas should he possible.
Two new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the flap-necked chameleon Chamaeleo dilepis (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) in the Republic of Namibia.

Two new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 from flap-necked chameleons Chamaeleo dilepis Leach are described from the faeces of specimens collected in the Republic of Namibia. Oocysts of Isospora freedi n. sp. from one of four (25%) C. dilepis collected in the East Caprivi District are spherical to subspherical, with a smooth, colourless, bilayered wall, measure 23.7 × 21.2 μm and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.1. The micropyle and the oocyst residuum are absent but a polar granule is sometimes present. Sporocysts are ovoidal to ellipsoidal and 13.9 × 10.3 μm in size with prominent Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies; and the sporocyst residuum is composed of a compact mass of large globules. The sporozoites contain anterior and posterior refractile bodies with a nucleus between them. Oocysts of Isopora mandelai n. sp. from three of seven (43%) C. dilepis collected in the Outjo District are ellipsoidal to cylindroidal, with a smooth, colourless, bilayered wall, measure 36.9 × 31.0 μm and have an L/W ratio of 1.2. The micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ovoidal to ellipsoidal, 15.3 × 11.1 μm in size and contain Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies; and the non-membranous sporocyst residuum is composed of granules of various sizes. The sporozoites contain anterior and posterior refractile bodies with a nucleus between them. These two new taxa represent the third and fourth coccidian species reported from C. dilepis.
Pictures in Pictures: Art History and Art Museums in Children’s Picture Books

Children’s picture books that recreate, parody, or fictionalize famous artworks and introduce the art museum experience, a genre to which I will refer as “children’s art books,” have become increasingly popular over the past decade. This essay explores the pedagogical implications of this trend through the family program “Picture Books and Picture Looks” conducted at the Art Institute of Chicago. Program sessions were observed to learn the extent to which picture books featuring the painting A Sunday on La Grande Jatte—1884 (Seurat) informed and impacted children’s experiences with the original artwork. The books Katie’s Sunday Afternoon (Mayhew, 2005), Babar’s Museum of Art (De Brunhoff, 2003), and Willy’s Pictures (Browne, 2000) provided the foundation for the program. In addition to these three books, The Dot (Reynolds, 2003), which does not include a reference to La Grande Jatte (Seurat, 1884–1886), acted as a “control” variable. This research demonstrates that while most picture books can be used to establish a level of comfort in an environment that is new to children, those that directly referenced the painting provided a base level of knowledge from which children could confidently draw upon encountering the original work. The research further indicated that, when used in conjunction with original artworks, children’s art books provide unique and distinct entry points for talking about art. The inclusion of artwork in children’s picture books elicits an enthusiasm and recognition that enhances the museum experience, and such books can be effective tools for enabling reflective, imaginative experiences with art.
Subungual Melanoma of the Great Toe in a Hispanic Male with Down Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Solid mass tumors are not as common as leukemia in individuals with Down syndrome. In this report, we describe the rare case of an adult Hispanic male with Down syndrome who developed advanced subungual melanoma in the hallux. We also describe the course of treatment, which involved hallux amputation along with metastatic work-up and sentinel lymph node biopsy with eventual resection.
The Folding of Centromeric DNA Strands into Intercalated Structures: A Physicochemical and Computational Study

We have carried out a physicochemical and computational analysis on the stability of the intercalated structures formed by cytosine-rich DNA strands. In the computational study, the electrostatic energy components have been calculated using a Poisson-Boltzmann model, and the non-polar energy components have been computed with a van der Waals function and/or a term dependent on the solvent-accessible surface area of the molecules. The results have been compared with those obtained for Watson-Crick duplexes and with thermodynamic data derived from UV experiments. We have found that intercalated DNA is mainly stabilized by very favorable electrostatic interactions between hydrogen-bonded protonated and neutral cytosines, and by non-polar forces including the hydrophobic effect and enhanced van der Waals contacts. Cytosine protonation electrostatically promotes the association of DNA strands into a tetrameric structure. The electrostatic interactions between stacked C.C+ pairs are strongly attenuated by the reaction field of the solvent, and are modulated by a complex interplay of geometric and protonation factors. The forces stabilizing intercalated DNA must offset an entropic penalty due to the uptake of protons for cytosine protonation, at neutral pH, and also the electrostatic contribution to the solvation free energy. The latter energy component is less favorable for protonated DNA due to the partial neutralization of the negative charge of the molecule, and probably affects other protonated DNA and RNA structures such as C+-containing triplexes.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Stimulates Telomerase Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells

IGF-I has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancer. We sought to establish a role for IGF-I in the regulation of telomerase, an enzyme critically involved in cancer cell immortalization. Telomerase activity was assayed in LAPC-4, PC-3, and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines treated with and without IGF-I/IGF-I analogs. Relative expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA and protein was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western immunoblot, respectively. IGF-I stimulated baseline telomerase activity in all three cell lines, ranging from 2- to 10-fold (P < 0.05). Enhancement was noted at IGF concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml and was maximal at 100 ng/ml. Stimulation was noted by 0.5 h, was maximal by 8 h, and persisted to 48 h. A similar 3-fold enhancement (P < 0.01) was noted in response to Long-R3 IGF-I, but not in response to [Ala31,Leu60]IGF-I. Pretreatment with the Akt kinase inhibitor wortmannin abolished the stimulatory IGF effect, whereas blockade of MAPK activity...
EFFECTS OF TREND AND PERIODICITY ON THE CORRELATION DIMENSION AND THE LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS

We present a critical remark on the pitfalls of calculating the correlation dimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent from time series data when trend and periodicity exist. We consider a special case where a time series Zi can be expressed as the sum of two subsystems so that Zi = Xi + Yi and at least one of the subsystems is deterministic. We show that if the trend and periodicity are not properly removed, correlation dimension and Lyapunov exponent estimations yield misleading results, which can severely compromise the results of diagnostic tests and model identification. We also establish an analytic relationship between the largest Lyapunov exponents of the subsystems and that of the whole system. In addition, the impact of a periodic parameter perturbation on the Lyapunov exponent for the logistic map and the Lorenz system is discussed.
Antibody Response to Skin Allografts in Mice

SummaryAntibody production in response to skin allografts in mice was studied with an isotopic antiglobulin technique. This technique has been shown to be sensitive and capable of detecting antibodies not demonstrable by the cytotoxicity technique. Antibodies were first found in most animals at 9–10 days after grafting, at the time of onset of graft rejection. Experiments were performed to determine whether antibodies were being formed earlier, but were absorbed in vivo by the grafts. When primary skin grafts were removed before rejection, antibodies were not detected earlier. Lower levels of antibodies occurred, indicating that continued presence of the alloantigens were important for maximal antibody production.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE 1a BY DIRECT MUTATION DETECTION

Current laboratory diagnosis for glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD 1a) is established by functional enzyme assay to demonstrate the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate phosphatase (G6Pase). This procedure requires liver biopsy and is impractical for routine prenatal diagnosis owing to the high morbidity of fetal liver biopsy. The accuracy of test results is dependent on the stability of the enzyme during specimen collection, shipment, and storage. Recently the gene for G6Pase has been cloned and the prevalent mutations in different ethnic groups have been identified. We have developed an allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) method to detect mutations in a large number of GSD 1a patients. In this paper we report the prenatal detection of mutations in the G6Pase gene using this simple, dependable, rapid, and non-invasive procedure. The turnaround time of this test can be as short as 48 h. A fetus was found to be a carrier using the ASO method and this was confirmed after birth. To our knowledge, this is the first GSD 1a prenatal case diagnosed by a DNA molecular method.
Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Highland Bali: Fieldwork Photographs of Bayung Gede, 1936–1939; Malinowski's Kiriwina: Fieldwork Photography 1915–1918

Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, and Highland Bali: Fieldwork Photographs of Bayung Cede, 1936–1939. Gerald Sullivan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. vii. 213 pp., photographs, glossary, notes, references, index. Malinowski's Kiriwina: Fieldwork Photography 1915–1918. Michael W. Young. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. vii. 306 pp., maps, photographs, appendixes, glossary, notes, index.
Aminoethylenes: a Tetrahedral Intermediate Isostere Yielding Potent Inhibitors of the Aspartyl Protease Bace-1

A series of novel β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) inhibitors containing an aminoethylene (AE) tetrahedral intermediate isostere were synthesized and evaluated in comparison to corresponding hydroxyethylene (HE) compounds. Enzymatic inhibitory values were similar for both isosteres, as were structure−activity relationships with respect to stereochemical preference and substituent variation (P2/P3, P1, and P2‘); however, the AE compounds were markedly more potent in a cell-based assay for reduction of beta-secretase activity. The incorporation of preferred P2/P3, P1, and P2‘ substituents into the AE pharmacophore yielded compound 7, which possessed enzymatic and cell assay IC50s of 26 nM and 180 nM, respectively. A three-dimensional crystal structure of 7 in complex with BACE-1 revealed that the amino group of the inhibitor core engages the catalytic aspartates in a manner analogous to hydroxyl groups in HE inhibitors. The AE isostere class represents a promising advance in the dev...
A double-blind crossover comparison of tolmetin sodium and phenylbutazone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

SummaryA double-blind crossover study was carried out in 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis to investigate the relative efficacy of tolmetin (1600 mg/day)and phenylbutazone (400 mg/day). Each drug was given for 4 weeks, preceded by a 2-week wash-out period during which patients received paracetamol alone for pain relief. Assessments were made of duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, articular index, joint size, and degree of pain. Both drugs produced significant improvements compared to paracetamol, particularly in pain relief and, apart from morning stiffness, tolmetin proved equally effective as phenylbutazone. Three patients (2 on tolmetin and 1 on phenylbutazone) were withdrawn because of side-effects. In general, however, both drugs gave rise to only minor side-effects.
Endolymphatic hydrops: mechanical causes of hearing loss

An explanation for the mechanical origin of the hearing loss in endolymphatic hydrops is presented that is based on studies in mechanical cochlear models. An elastic bias of the basilar membrane and/or a mass loading of the cochlear duct account for the low-frequency hearing loss, diplacusis, and evenharmonic distortion. In addition, the static shearing displacement between the tectorial membrane and the organ of Corti, caused by the displacement of the basilar membrane, may partially decouple the hair cells from the tectorial membrane, an event that would explain the tinnitus, recruitment, and perhaps even the disportional loss of speech intelligibility associated with endolymphatic hydrops.
Hierarchical analysis of behavior in competition: Prediction in chess

Our purpose in this chapter is to explore, through an example, the roles of technical competence and of behavior in predicting the outcome of a competitive situation. Of course, factors arising from uncontrollable natural events (such as bad weather) and from human intervention (such as referee error) could have a marked effect on the outcome. In most competition, however, an effort is usually made to minimize the effect of natural causes to avoid unfair outside intervention.
Transforming Personal Experience into a Pedagogical Tool: Ethical Complaints

If students are to understand ethical problems at work, practical applications are essential in translating classroom learning into real world knowledge. This article describes the ethical complaint letter as one pedagogical approach for MBA students to understanding real world ethical situations. Students write an objective, fact-filled complaint letter to an organization that has behaved in an unethical manner toward them. A specific assignment protocol is presented for the students and for discussing organizational responses in class. Finally, an examination of expected outcomes, cautions, and learning opportunities is detailed.
MICROSCOPIC MODEL FOR OXYGEN VACANCY ORDERING IN YBaCuO

We discuss the oxygen vacancy ordering in Y1Ba2Cu3O7. This ordering is known to cause the observed orthorhombic distortion, and it is associated with the existence of high-Tc superconductivity. We construct a model which reflects the competition between a dichotomous chemical bond and the Coulomb potential and show how, in principle, this may provide the key to electronic differences between tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. Experimental support is cited for this model.
Design and evaluation of a continuous consistency model for replicated services

The tradeoffs between consistency, performance, and availability are well understood. Traditionally, however, designers of replicated systems have been forced to choose from either strong consistency guarantees or none at all. This paper explores the semantic space between traditional strong and optimistic consistency models for replicated services. We argue that an important class of applications can tolerate relaxed consistency, but benefit from bounding the maximum rate of inconsistent access in an application-specific manner. Thus, we develop a set of metrics, Numerical Error, Order Error, and Staleness, to capture the consistency spectrum. We then present the design and implementation of TACT, a middleware layer that enforces arbitrary consistency bounds among replicas using these metrics. Finally, we show that three replicated applications demonstrate significant semantic and performance benefits from using our framework.
Event content in a daily survey is differentially associated with concurrent mood.

Daily life events were grouped according to their life content area and according to the desirability of the event as rated by the subject. Associations among event groupings and concurrently measured daily mood were examined. As in studies of major life events, some event classifications were more strongly associated with mood than were others: Specifically, desirable family-leisure events and undesirable work events were strongly related to mood. The results suggests that particular life areas deserve special attention in understanding environmental stress. Language: en
Genomic inheritances: disclosing individual research results from whole-exome sequencing to deceased participants' relatives.

Whole-genome analysis and whole-exome analysis generate many more clinically actionable findings than traditional targeted genetic analysis. These findings may be relevant to research participants themselves as well as for members of their families. Though researchers performing genomic analyses are likely to find medically significant genetic variations for nearly every research participant, what they will find for any given participant is unpredictable. The ubiquity and diversity of these findings complicate questions about disclosing individual genetic test results. We outline an approach for disclosing a select range of genetic results to the relatives of research participants who have died, developed in response to relatives’ requests during a pilot study of large-scale medical genetic sequencing. We also argue that studies that disclose individual research results to participants should, at a minimum, passively disclose individual results to deceased participants’ relatives.
Living-donor versus cadaveric liver transplantation for non-resectable small hepatocellular carcinoma and compensated cirrhosis: a decision analysis.

Background. Cadaveric liver transplantation is effective for nonresectable early hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the scarcity of cadaveric organs has prompted some centers to use living donors, which guarantees transplantation, but entails a risk to the donor. In the absence of controlled trials, decision analysis can be used to help explicate the tradeoffs involved when considering living donor versus cadaveric liver transplantation for nonresectable early hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods. Using a Markov model, a hypothetical cohort of patients with Child's A cirrhosis and a single 3.5-cm tumor received one of three strategies: 1) no transplant; 2) intent to perform cadaveric liver transplantation; or 3) living donor liver transplantation. Data were obtained from natural history and retrospective studies. All probabilities in the model were varied simultaneously using a Monte Carlo simulation. Results. Living-donor liver transplantation was the best strategy, improving life expectancy by 4.5 years compared with cadaveric liver transplantation. This strategy remained dominant even when varying severity of cirrhosis, age, tumor doubling time, tumor growth pattern, blood type, regional transplant volume, initial tumor size, and rate of progression of cirrhosis. Conclusions. Living-donor liver transplantation should confer a substantial survival advantage for patients with compensated cirrhosis and non-resectable early stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
Long-term hyposaline and hypersaline stresses produce distinct antioxidant responses in the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta.

Summary Tolerance to salinity stress in higher plants correlates to levels of antioxidant enzymes and/or substrates. Do hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic stress induce antioxidant responses in salt tolerant algae, and if so, are these responses the same for both excess and minimal salinity? To answer these questions, cultures of the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyta) were grown in seven salinities covering a 60-fold range from 0.05 to 3.0 mol/L NaCl. Long-term effects of salinity on growth and antioxidant parameters were determined. Growth rates were reduced at the salinity extremes (0.05 mol/L NaCl and 3 mol/L NaCl) indicating the cultures were stressed. The levels of six antioxidant enzymes and three antioxidant substrates were quantified at these growth salinities. Compared to growth at optimum salinities (i.e. 0.2-0.5 mol/L NaCl), high salinities produced a 260 % increase in monodehydroascorbate reductase, a doubling of ascorbate peroxidase activity and a three-fold increase in the rate of dark respiration. Cells acclimated to low growth salinities (hyposaline stress, i.e. v /F m ratios and in total and reduced ascorbate compared to moderate and high external salinities. Cell volumes remained unchanged, except at the lowest salinity where they doubled. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase activities were not altered by extreme salinities. The involvement of oxidative stress at both salinity extremes is implied by the alterations in antioxidant enzymes and substrates, but the specific changes are very different between hypo and hypersaline stresses.
Gender differences in autobiographical narratives: He shoots and scores; she evaluates and interprets

Research on autobiographical narratives consistently demonstrates that whereas women’s narratives emphasize evaluative information, men’s narratives are factually oriented. These narrative differences might reflect gender differences in either the autobiographical knowledge base or the way information from the knowledge base is selected when a narrative is constructed. The present experiment evaluated these two (potentially complementary) hypotheses by assessing memory soon after an event and after a period of 6 weeks, using both open-ended (narrative) and factually oriented (questionnaire) measures. Consistent with past literature, women told longer, richer, more evaluative narratives than did men. However, men recalled more factual information both initially and after 6 weeks and also constructed narratives that were more factually oriented. These data suggest that men and women value factual information differently and that these differences influence both the contents of the autobiographical knowledge base and the way that information in the knowledge base is used to construct personal narratives.
High-dose cyclophosphamide inhibition of humoral immune response to murine monoclonal antibody 3F8 in neuroblastoma patients: broad implications for immunotherapy.

Background The murine monoclonal antibody 3F8 mediates lysis of neuroblastoma (NB) by complement and leukocytes (including neutrophils) but is neutralized if human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) forms. We assessed the impact on rapid HAMA formation of prior chemotherapy in NB patients. Methods For the 153 patients treated with 3F8 after conventional therapy (Group 1), the analysis included time from chemotherapy to the start of 3F8. For the 103 patients treated with 3F8 after myeloablative alkylator-based therapy (MAT) (Group 2), the analysis included both chemotherapy administered before stem-cell collection and time from MAT to the start of 3F8. Results In Group 1, the incidence of HAMA-positivity was significantly lower if patients received high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD-Cy, ≥4,000 mg/m2) before 3F8 treatment (P 120 days, P 90 days post-MAT (P < 0.001). Among Group 2 patients transplanted with stem cells collected after no prior HD-Cy, the incidence of HAMA-positivity was significantly higher (15/19, P < 0.001), including 5/7 whose 3F8 treatment began <90 days post-MAT. Conclusions HD-Cy reliably blocks humoral responses to a murine antibody. This capacity to prevent host rejection of foreign or not fully humanized proteins raises the possibility of a broad role for HD-Cy in immunotherapeutic strategies. Pediatric Blood Cancer © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The equation of state of iron to 450 GPa: Another high pressure solid phase?

At the 75% confidence level, Hugoniot data for iron exhibit a small volume-change discontinuity at 200 GPa, the same pressure as a previously observed discontinuity in sound velocity. The sharpness of the discontinuity is consistent with a solid-solid rather than solid-liquid transition. Thus, another solid phase of iron (besides the hexagonal close-packed ϵ-phase) may be stable at temperatures above 4000 K and pressures above 200 GPa. While the Hugoniot data provide no structural constraint, the new phase is about 0.7% less dense than ϵ-iron. Since the slope of the phase boundary between ϵ-iron and the new phase is not known, the stable phase of iron under Earth inner core conditions remains uncertain. Efforts to understand the origin of inner core seismic anisotropy will require determination of the new phase structure, its elastic anisotropy, and its regime of stability.
Can money buy happiness

Income was negatively associated with the mood states of confusion and tense in a sample of 406 community residents, but controls for age, sex, and education eliminated these associations.
A bridge to the third age: fashioning technological concepts for novice over-seventy home-system users

Novice Over-Seventy Home-System Users (NOSHSU) face many obstacles in using and maintaining home-based systems and require strategies for troubleshooting and dealing with technological problems. This paper examines how some of the challenges encountered by NOSHSU might be alleviated by having information technology professionals who are experienced in strategies to facilitate technological change, and who are of a similar age, articulate technical concepts employing age accessible metaphors.
Integrating domains of work stress and industrial relations: Introduction and overview

During the past decade, there has been a growing interest in the literature on stress at work, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives (e.g. Cohen 1980; Cooper and Payne, 1988; Jackson and Schuler, 1985; Kahn and Byosiere, 1992). The experience of stress at work has been singled out as an important area of investigation because of its potential effect on the well-being and productivity of employees. Reviews of the literature have clearly indicated that a variety of work stressors such as role ambiguity, role conflict, and insuffient control and authority at work tend to be associated with psychological strains (e.g. burnout, psychosomatic complaints) as well as adverse behavioral (e.g. absenteeism, turnover) and physiological (e.g. blood pressure, heart rate) outcomes (see e.g. Cooper and Marshall, 1976; Fried, Rowland and Ferris, 1984; Jackson and Schuler, 1985; Shirom, 1989 for reviews). The severe implications of work stress have also led scholars and researchers to search for potential coping mechanisms to reduce the experiences of stress and strain at work. Among these mechanisms, emotional and instrumental social support have been the most extensively examined and appear to be beneficial for reducing stress and strain (Cohen and Wills, 1985; House, 1981). Yet, our knowledge concerning the issues of work stress its causes and effects as well as mechanisms utilized to cope with or overcome it appears to be incomplete. In particular, past research has failed to incorporate sufficiently relevant concepts and variables from other potentially related areas. Very little attention, for example, has been given in the work stress literature to relevant domains in the field of industrial relations (e.g. Bluen and Barling, 1988). The linkage between work stress and industrial relations can be discussed in relation to three subareas. More specifically, inherent in the field of industrial relations is the conflict or potential conflict over domains of work control between labor and management. While labor and management may show a high degree of cooperation, such cooperation typically results from outside threat of competition or depletion of resources, rather than cessation of the basic conflict between labor and management (e.g. Kochan and Katz, 1988; Lawler and Mohrman, 1987). Clearly, such inherent conflict between labor and management may affect the level of stress and strain experienced by both managers and workers (Hartley, 1992). Yet, to date, very little research has focused on how labor-management relation actually contribute to individual stress and strain at work. Moreover, the industrial relations literature has recognized the unique position of union officials because they act as an interface among management, union and rank and file (e.g.
Systemic rationality and the effects of financial regulation: Rejoinder to Kindleberger

In his Reply, Kindleberger falsely ascribes to me the views that political actors are utterly incompetent, while market actors are completely rational; and that political processes are pure chaos, while market processes are perfectly efficient. My point was that the relatively better performance of the market is a result of systemic factors, not the rationality of individuals. Kindleberger fails to address the historical evidence indicating the comparatively poor performance of government intervention in the monetary order. “Market manias” are, in fact, largely the product of ill‐conceived government regulations.
How real is depressive realism : a question of scales and standards

Depressive versus nondepressive realism and distortion were examined by relating both the direction and magnitude of social comparisons to objective standards. Using modified selection and comparative rating paradigms, results indicated that both dysphoric and nondysphoric subjects accurately identified whether they were worse-off, better-off, or similar to comparison targets (direction). However, subjects were not realistic in terms of the magnitude of the social comparison difference between themselves and another. In general, dysphorics' errors resulted in more unfavorable social comparisons relative to nondysphorics. Furthermore, results indicated that dysphorics and nondysphorics used different processes during social comparison: Dysphorics distorted perceptions of others whereas nondysphorics adjusted self-perceptions during social comparison. Our findings suggest that even when an objective standard is used, subjects' judgments can appear to be accurate or distorted depending on whether the data are analyzed according to direction or magnitude. Furthermore, negative distortion, not realism, is characteristic of even mildly depressed subjects.
Irreversible Spinal Nerve Injury From Dorsal Ramus Radiofrequency Neurotomy: A Case Report

Radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) of the medial branches of the dorsal rami is a successful method of treating facet joint pain. Documented serious complications are rare. We discuss the case of a 33-year-old woman with low back pain (LBP) who sustained a right L5 nerve root injury during RFN. The patient had several months of axial LBP after a motor vehicle collision. She had no relief after anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, L5-S1 interlaminar epidural corticosteroid injections, and a right sacroiliac joint injection. She then received bilateral L3 and L4 medial branch and bilateral L5 dorsal ramus blocks with excellent temporary pain relief. Subsequently she underwent bilateral L3 and L4 medial branch and bilateral L5 dorsal ramus RFN. Afterward, she noticed new right leg pain and paresthesias extending throughout the L5 dermatome. Electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging were normal and she was diagnosed with a right L5 sensory radiculopathy. The right leg symptoms were unresponsive to multiple medications. After a successful trial with a spinal cord stimulator, she underwent permanent stimulator placement. Afterward, she had 90% relief of her right leg pain and discontinued all analgesics. Irreversible injury of nontarget nerves is a possible complication of RFN, and can be avoided by following proper procedural protocol.
Geophysical Exploration within Northern Devils Lane Graben, Canyonlands National Park, Utah: Implications for Sediment Thickness and Tectonic Evolution

Abstract Seismic refraction profiling and gravity measurements along the length of the northern Devils Lane graben in Canyonlands National Park reveal that the bedrock floor of the graben is buried beneath a sedimentary cover more than 90 m thick, at least four to ten times more fill than previously measured. This sediment thickness, when combined with exposed fault topography, yields a throw of ≥145 m on the master fault. We estimate that horizontal extensional strain across the graben is on the order of 2–3%, and if this is typical of grabens elsewhere in Canyonlands the maximum average strain rates across the region are about 1×10−14 s−1, or ∼2 mm year−1. Our results indicate that published length to displacement relationships underestimate fault offset at Devils Lane by a factor of at least 1.5. This suggests that careful geophysical evaluation of sediment thickness elsewhere within the Canyonlands graben system, an important ‘type area’ for investigating the mechanics which characterize the formation of kilometer-scale extensional faults, may be required before these structures can be used to help define accurate fault length to displacement scaling laws.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of second-generation phosphatidic acid derivatives as lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligands.

Abstract Short-chain phosphatidic acid derivatives, dioctanoyl glycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP 8:0, 1) and phosphatidic acid 8:0 (PA 8:0, 2), were previously identified as subtype-selective LPA1 and LPA3 receptor antagonists. Recently, we reported that the replacement of the phosphate headgroup by thiophosphate in a series of fatty alcohol phosphates (FAP) improves agonist as well as antagonist activities at LPA GPCR. Here, we report the synthesis of stereoisomers of PA 8:0 analogs and their biological evaluation at LPA GPCR, PPARγ, and ATX. The results indicate that LPA receptors stereoselectively interact with glycerol backbone modified ligands. We observed entirely stereospecific responses by dioctyl PA 8:0 compounds, in which (R)-isomers were found to be agonists and (S)-isomers were antagonists of LPA GPCR. From this series, we identified compound 13b as the most potent LPA3 receptor subtype-selective agonist (EC50 = 3 nM), and 8b as a potent and selective LPA3 receptor antagonist (Ki = 5 nM) and inhibitor of ATX (IC50 = 600 nM). Serinediamide phosphate 19b was identified as an LPA3 receptor specific antagonist with no effect on LPA1, LPA2, and PPARγ.
Use of the monoclonal antibody MOC-31 as an immunomarker for detecting metastatic adenocarcinoma in effusion cytology†

BACKGROUND: MOC-31 is an established immunologic marker with which to detect adenocarcinomas. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the use of MOC-31 in the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma in effusion specimens. METHODS: The authors evaluated cytologic specimens of effusions/washings in which MOC-31 immunostaining was performed on unstained cell block sections or Papanicolaou-stained cytospin preparations. Membranous staining with or without cytoplasmic staining was considered to be positive. The immunostaining results were correlated with the cytologic diagnoses and clinical follow-up data. RESULTS: A total of 215 effusions and washings were identified (cell blocks in 162 cases, cytospin preparations in 53 cases, and both in 2 cases in which MOC-31 immunostaining was performed). A total of 94 (44%) of the 215 cases were found to be positive for malignancy, including 87 metastatic adenocarcinomas. Specimens were positive for MOC-31 in 76 (87%; 55 cell blocks and 21 cytospin preparations) of 87 cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Eleven cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma were found to be negative for MOC-31 (4 cases from lung tumors, 2 from stomach tumors, 2 from colon tumors, 2 from breast tumors, and 1 from a renal tumor). Minimal and/or focal cytoplasmic staining for MOC-31 was noted in 13% of cases of reactive mesothelial cells/mesothelioma. The sensitivity of MOC-31 for metastatic adenocarcinoma was 89%, the specificity was 100%, the negative predictive value was 92%, and the positive predictive value was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: MOC-31 alone was found to be highly sensitive for distinguishing reactive mesothelial cells/mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma in effusion specimens. Interpreting membranous MOC-31 staining as positive can help prevent confusion between reactive mesothelial cells/mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society
Bromocriptine inhibits the seasonally occurring obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance in the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus☆

Seasonally obese-hyperinsulinemic female Syrian hamsters were injected daily with bromocriptine or saline for a period of 34 days to test for effects of bromocriptine on body fat store levels, hepatic triglyceride secretion, glucose tolerance, and plasma insulin and glucose concentrations. The effects of bromocriptine on body fat store levels, as well as on plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, in seasonally obese hamsters were compared with the levels of body fat, plasma insulin, and plasma glucose observed in seasonally lean hamsters. Bromocriptine treatment substantially improved glucose intolerance and reduced the total and stimulated areas under the glucose tolerance curve by 33% after 14 days of treatment. After 34 days of treatment, bromocriptine reduced body fat store levels by 36% and hepatic triglyceride secretion by 40% without any concurrent change in food consumption. Furthermore, bromocriptine reduced the plasma insulin level by 70%, while slightly reducing plasma glucose concentration (ie, 68% reduction in the insulin to glucose ratio). The reductions of body fat, plasma insulin, and plasma insulin to glucose ratio produced by bromocriptine in seasonally obese hamsters are equivalent to those observed in seasonally lean hamsters. Shifts in phase relationships of circadian neuroendocrine rhythms have been demonstrated to regulate annual cycles of metabolism in vertebrates, including the Syrian hamster. The effects of bromocriptine can also be explained as an alteration of such a circadian mechanism.
Spindle and giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid: Report of a five‐year survival after lobectomy and postoperative irradiation

We have described a patient who remains alive and well five years after lobectomy and planned postoperative irradiation for a sizable spindle and giant cell carcinoma arising in the right thyroid lobe which was adherent to the trachea and the esophagus. The dismal experience of others with this highly lethal tumor has been reviewed. A trial of surgical resection and full-dose postoperative teletherapy seems warranted in selected patients who have a resectable tumor.
Spectral Decomposition of EEG Intervals Using Walsh and Fourier Transforms

This paper presents a comparison of the use of features derived from Walsh and Fourier transforms for classification of short segments of EEG data. The result was that features obtained from Fourier transforms produced consistently better classification results than Walsh function-derived features.
Megavoltage radiation dose response of digital computed radiography

The response of a digital computed radiography system to the megavoltage therapeutic radiation beams was invested. A narrow slit of radiation beam was used to test the line spread function of the system. The effects of various facts such as cassette, beam energy, radiation dose, scanning orientation and timing on the line spread function were investigated. The calibration curves were established to calibrate the image intensity to the megavoltage radiation dose. The calibration curves were applied to measure the beam profiles of the radiation fields with various wedges.
Trends in new injuries, prevalent cases, and aging with spinal cord injury.

Abstract DeVivo MJ, Chen Y. Trends in new injuries, prevalent cases, and aging with spinal cord injury. Objective To determine the characteristics of the newly injured and prevalent population with spinal cord injury (SCI) and assess trends over time. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting SCI Model Systems and Shriners Hospital SCI units. Participants The study population included people whose injuries occurred from 1935 to 2008 (N=45,442). The prevalent population was estimated based on those who were still alive in 2008. Losses to follow-up (approximately 10%) were excluded from the prevalent population. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Demographic and injury characteristics, mortality, self-reported health, rehospitalization, FIM, Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique, and the Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results Mean age at injury increased 9 years since the 1970s. Injuries caused by falls and injuries resulting in high-level tetraplegia and ventilator dependency are increasing, while neurologically complete injuries are decreasing. Discharge to a nursing home is increasing. The mean age of the prevalent population is slightly higher than that of newly injured individuals, and the percentage of incident and prevalent cases older than 60 years is the same (13%). Prevalent cases tend to be less severely injured than incident cases, and less than 5% of prevalent cases reside in nursing homes. Within the prevalent population, life satisfaction and community participation are greater among persons who are at least 30 years postinjury. These findings are a result of very high mortality rates observed after 60 years of age. Conclusions Within the prevalent population, the percentage of elderly persons will not increase meaningfully. Those who reach older ages will typically have incomplete and/or lower-level injuries and will have relatively high degrees of independence and overall good health.
Analysis results from the Los Alamos 2D/3D program

Los Alamos National Laboratory is a participant in the 2D/3D program. Activities conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory in support of 2D/3D program goals include analysis support of facility design, construction, and operation; provision of boundary and initial conditions for test facility operations based on analysis of pressurized water reactors; performance of pretest and posttest predictions and analyses; and use of experimental results to validate and assess the single- and multidimensional nonequilibrium features in the Transient Reactor Analysis Code (TRAC). During Fiscal Year 1986, Los Alamos conducted analytical assessment activities using data from the Cylindrical Core Test Facility and the Slab Core Test Facility. Los Alamos also continued to provide support analysis for the planning of Upper Plenum Test Facility experiments. Finally, Los Alamos either completed or is currently working on three areas of TRAC modeling improvement. In this paper, Los Alamos activities during Fiscal Year 1986 are summarized; several significant accomplishments are described in more detail to illustrate the work activities at Los Alamos.
Staging Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas are always treatable and frequently curable malignancies. However, choosing the most appropriate therapy requires accurate diagnosis and a careful staging evaluation. New patients with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma should have their tumors classified using the World Health Organization classification. The specific choice of therapy is dependent on a careful staging evaluation. Patients with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma are assigned an anatomic stage using the Ann Arbor system. However, patients should also be classified using the International Prognostic Index. New insights into the biology of the lymphomas in the coming years might well improve our ability to evaluate patients and choose therapy.
Research on teacher and librarian collaboration : An examination of underlying structures of models

This article reports on quantitative data collected in a mixed methods study of teacher and librarian collaboration. This practice is discussed extensively in the literature on school librarianship as an instructional strategy that positively affects student academic achievement. However, while there is much anecdotal evidence regarding successful teacher and librarian collaboration, there is little hard research that defines specific practices that lead to successful collaborations. This study provides empirical data on teacher and librarian collaboration which helps us understand the nature of collaboration and the extent to which theory and practice are integrated. Two surveys based on proposed theoretical models of teacher and librarian collaboration were used for this study. The first survey was based on Loertscger's Taxonomy. The second survey was based on a new proposed model of teacher and librarian collaboration (TLC Model) which builds on the taxonomy and expands our understanding of teacher and librarian collaboration. Participants in the study included teachers, librarians and principals from kindergarten through middle school. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out on both surveys to identify underlying structures of teacher and librarian collaboration. Three factors emerged from the data identifying a range of underlying structures: integrated instruction, library and librarian as resource, and traditional role for teacher and librarian. Further research on the TLC Model with a larger number of participants and survey items is needed to examine the stability of the factor structures and to further refine the new measure.