cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power Electronic Building Blocks-a systematic approach to power electronics

Over a period of five years, the US Navy has invested in an array of power electronic technology via the Power Electronic Building Blocks (PEBB) program. This investment is crucial to existing and future Navy ships. This investment is also crucial to the power electronics industry. Throughout the PEBB program, many modern paradigms have been studied for adaptation to power electronics. They are open plug and play architecture, cellular design, hierarchical design, integration, and concurrent engineering. The goal is to make power electronics more amenable to high-volume, low-cost, production. Furthermore, the expertise and complexity of power electronics is to be encapsulated and distributed within each building block. The key issue is the ability to integrate these elements, using high volume manufacturing methods.
On the impact of route monitor selection

Several route monitoring systems have been set up to help understand the Internet routing system. They operate by gathering real-time BGP updates from different networks. Many studies have relied on such data sources by assuming reasonably good coverage and thus representative visibility into the Internet routing system. However, different deployment strategies of route monitors directly impact the accuracy and generality of conclusions.Our work is the first to critically examine the visibility constraints imposed by the deployment of route monitors on various applications. We study the difference due to diverse deployment schemes on three important classes of applications: (1) discovery of relatively stable Internet properties such as the AS topology and prefix to origin AS mappings, (2) discovery of dynamic routing behavior such as IP prefix hijack attacks and routing instability, and (3) inference of important network properties such as AS relationships and AS-level paths. We study several simple schemes of route monitor selection and provide insights on improving monitor placement.
Difference Sets and Recursion Theory

There is a recursive set of natural numbers which is the difference set of some recursively enumerable set but which is not the difference set of any recursive set.
Fast food costs and adolescent body mass index: Evidence from panel data

This study draws on four waves of the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and external data to examine the relationship between adolescent body mass index (BMI) and fast food prices and fast food restaurant availability using panel data estimation methods to account for individual-level unobserved heterogeneity. Analyses also control for contextual factors including general food prices and the availability of full-service restaurants, supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores and commercial physical activity-related facilities. The longitudinal individual-level fixed effects results confirm cross-sectional findings that the price of fast food but not the availability of fast food restaurants has a statistically significant effect on teen BMI with an estimated price elasticity of -0.08. The results suggest that the cross-sectional model over-estimates the price of fast food BMI effect by about 25%. There is evidence that the weight of teens in low- to middle-socioeconomic status families is most sensitive to fast food prices.
How Kraepelinian was Kraepelin? How Kraepelinian are the neo-Kraepelinians? — from Emil Kraepelin to DSM-III

The contents of the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) can only be understood by studying aspects of the last one hundred years of psychiatric history. This paper deals with: (1) three aspects of Kraepelinian psychiatry — descriptive psychiatry, Kraepelin's devotion to empirical research and his inability always to carry it through, and his anti-psychoanalytic stance; (2) the optimistic yet troubled state of American psychiatry in the period 1946 to 1974; (3) the work of the so-called `neo-Kraepelinians', especially that of Eli Robins, Samuel Guze and George Winokur; and (4) Robert Spitzer and the making of DSM-III.
Structure, Thought, and Action: Stewards in Chicago Union Locals

Stewards in a Chicago union local agree that having the whole industry organized is the most important factor in getting good contracts for their local, but they do not see organizing as important to their roles as stewards. I bring ethnographic work among Chicago union locals to bear on the question of the relationships among structure, thought, and action and argue that everyday realities are more powerful in determining patterns of thought than patterns of thought are in determining everyday realities. The consciousness of stewards reflects the realities of power at their workplaces. This is not because of the hegemony of another class over the cultural apparatus or its ability to shape ideas that form culture but, rather, its power to shape the realities of workplace life and the daily lives of workers, realities that become encoded as patterns of thought. [Key words: class, unions, consciousness, culture, structure, work]
THE SPECIFICITY IN THE ACTION OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY OF DIFFERENT MAMMALS AS WELL AS OF URINE OF PREGNANT WOMEN ON THE SEX ORGANS AND THYROID GLANDS OF IMMATURE FEMALE GUINEA PIGS

In previous investigations Loeb and Bassett (1) have found that it is possible to produce through a small number of injections of acid or alkaline extracts of anterior pituitary of cattle into guinea pigs in the thyroid gland of this species a state of hypertrophy corresponding to the condition observed in very pronounced cases of Graves’ disease in man. In view of the relations which have been established between the anterior pituitary and the function of the sex organs (2), it was of interest to correlate the effects of anterior pituitary on the thyroid with those exerted by this gland on the sex organs. For this purpose we began about two years ago a comparative study of the action of the anterior pituitary of various mammalian species on ovary, vagina, uterus, mammary gland and on thyroid gland; in the beginning of the winter, 1930–31, we included in these investigations also the effect of urine of pregnant women on the thyroid and sex organs. We have already referred to some preliminary results obtai...
Comparison of visible and infra-red imagery for face recognition

This paper presents initial results in a study comparing the effectiveness of visible and infra-red (IR) imagery for detecting and recognizing faces in areas where personnel identification is critical, (e.g. airports and secure buildings). We compare the effectiveness of visible versus IR imagery by running three face recognition algorithms on a database of images collected for this study. There are both IR and visible images for each person in the database collected using the same scenarios. We used three very different feature-extraction and decision-making algorithms for our study to insure that the comparisons would not depend on a particular processing technique. We also present recognition results when visible and infra-red decision metrics are fused. The recognition results show that both visible and IR imagery perform similarly across algorithms and that fusion of IR and visible imagery as a viable means of enhancing performance beyond that of either acting alone. We examine the relative importance of different regions of the face for recognition. We also discuss practical issues of implementation, along with plans for the next phase of the study, face detection in an uncontrolled environment. Preliminary face detection results are presented.
Stone retropulsion during holmium:YAG lithotripsy.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We modeled retropulsion during holmium:YAG lithotripsy on the conservation of momentum, whereby the force of ejected fragment debris off of the calculous surface should equal the force of retropulsion displacing the stone. We tested the hypothesis that retropulsion occurs as a result of ejected stone debris.Materials and Methods: Uniform calculous phantoms were irradiated with holmium:YAG energy in air and in water. Optical fiber diameter and pulse energy were varied. Motion of the phantom was monitored with high speed video imaging. Laser induced crater volume and geometry were characterized by optical coherence tomography. To determine the direction of plume laser burn paper was irradiated at various incident angles.Results: Retropulsion was greater for phantoms irradiated in air versus water. Retropulsion increased as fiber diameter increased and as pulse energy increased (p <0.001). Crater volumes increased as pulse energy increased (p <0.05) and generally increased as fiber diameter ...
Environmental links to interannual variability in shellfish toxicity in Cobscook Bay and eastern Maine, a strongly tidally mixed coastal region

The Gulf of Maine experiences annual closures of shellfish harvesting due to the accumulation of toxins produced by dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium. Factors controlling the timing, location, and magnitude of these events in eastern Maine remain poorly understood. Previous work identified possible linkages between interannual variability of oceanographic variables and shellfish toxicity along the western Maine coastline but no such linkages were evident along the eastern Maine coast in the vicinity of Cobscook Bay, where strong tidal mixing tends to reduce seasonal variability in oceanographic properties. Using 21 years (1985–2005) of shellfish toxicity data, interannual variability in two metrics of annual toxicity, maximum magnitude and total annual toxicity, from stations in the Cobscook Bay region are examined for relationships to a suite of available environmental variables. Consistent with earlier work, no (or only weak) correlations were found between toxicity and oceanographic variables, even those very proximate to the stations such as local sea surface temperature. Similarly no correlations were evident between toxicity and air temperature, precipitation or relative humidity. The data suggest possible connections to local river discharge, but plausible mechanisms are not obvious. Correlations between toxicity and two variables indicative of local meteorological conditions, dew point and atmospheric pressure, both suggest a link between increased toxicity in these eastern Maine stations and weather conditions characterized by clearer skies/drier air (or less stormy/humid conditions). As no correlation of opposite sign was evident between toxicity and local precipitation, one plausible link is through light availability and its positive impact on phytoplankton production in this persistently foggy section of coast. These preliminary findings point to both the value of maintaining long-term shellfish toxicity sampling and a need for inclusion of weather variability in future modeling studies aimed at development of a more mechanistic understanding of factors controlling interannual differences in eastern Gulf of Maine shellfish toxicity.
Economies of scale and gender discrimination in transition: the case of the Republic of Tajikistan

This article tests for economies of scale and for evidence of discrimination based on gender lines in intra-household consumption allocations using data from the Living Standards Survey in the Republic of Tajikistan (TLSS). Overall results support the existence of household economies of scale in Tajikistan; however, empirical evidence supporting boy–girl discrimination is limited despite anecdotal evidence otherwise.
Dangerous Mentally Disordered Criminals: Unresolvable Societal Fear?

The average person fears dangerous criminals, especially those suffering from mental illness. Existing mental health and criminal justice systems provide social control for some of these dangerous individuals, but may be inadequate to deal with those mentally disordered offenders who were not found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGI). In California, innovative laws have attempted to address this problem. However, putative lack of efficacious treatment of mentally ill criminals, insufficient economic support, and individual liberty concerns loom as limiting factors in solving the criminal and psychiatric recidivism problem posed by non-NGI dangerous mentally disordered offenders.
Vocal cord dysfunction related to combat deployment.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Several etiologies for vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), a syndrome of dyspnea, noisy breathing, and inspiratory vocal cord closure are suggested; there is no consensus on the predisposition to its development. One previously identified psychiatric etiology is combat stress. Methods: A retrospective review of military personnel evaluated at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center with a new VCD diagnosis post-deployment was conducted. Medical records were reviewed for existing pulmonary, sinus, esophageal, or psychiatric disorders and determined their VCD evaluation. Results: Forty-eight patients were identified with VCD symptoms after combat deployment. For military personnel with VCD, symptoms were associated with several etiologies. Fifty-two percent reported symptoms were related to high stress/anxiety, whereas 39% reported symptoms during exercise; 16% had onset with acute respiratory illness and 7% were trauma related. The combination of a truncated inspiratory flow volume loop and negativ...
A Rejoinder to Iivari (2016)

Juhani Ivari’s (2016) suggestions have merit as incremental steps that are directed towards fixing parts of a broken system—a system in which it often takes six to eight months to get an editorial decision on a paper, in which papers are rejected after five years and five rounds of reviews, and in which radically new ideas struggle to be published. Iivari’s suggestions all require the support of journal editors to be effective. These editors are embedded into a system that they have learned to navigate successfully. In fact, they may be too close to the system to make major changes to it. Perhaps people embedded in a review system in which they have been successful will not be able to develop viable solutions to a system that is really broken. Rather, it may be time for a radical change to the IS reviewing system that emanates from a groundswell of IS researchers who are suffering from the problems inherent in the existing malfunctioning system.
Variations in Patients' Perceptions and Use of Generic Drugs: Results of a National Survey.

BACKGROUND Over 84 % of all prescriptions in the US are filled as generic drugs, though in prior surveys, patients reported concerns about their quality.
Single-unit responses of serotonergic neurons to glucose and insulin administration in behaving cats

Extracellular single-unit activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) was recorded in response to glucose loading and insulin administration in conscious, freely moving cats. Serotonergic neurons were identified based on their discharge characteristics, activity across states of behavioral arousal, response to systemic administration of serotonin autoreceptor agonists, and histological localization to the DRN. The spontaneous activity of serotonergic neurons varied in association with behavioral state, reaching their highest level during arousal and their lowest level during rapid-eye-movement sleep, when cells typically stopped firing. The activity of serotonergic DRN neurons was not significantly altered by a glucose load (500 mg/kg iv) that produced an approximately 3.5-fold increase in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, serotonergic DRN neuronal activity was not significantly altered after insulin administration (2-4 IU/kg iv), which lowered blood glucose approximately 50% below control levels, or after the rapid reversal of hypoglycemia by subsequent glucose administration. These results indicate that the activity of serotonergic DRN neurons is unrelated to alterations in blood glucose and is not sensitive to elevations of endogenous circulating insulin levels or to exogenous insulin administration. Furthermore, changes in the activity of serotonergic DRN neurons does not appear to be a component of glucoregulatory mechanisms invoked by either hyper- or hypoglycemia. Overall, these results do not support a role for serotonergic DRN neurons in glucoregulation in the cat.
Numerical Simulation as in Integral Component of Dynamics Problem Solving

The engineering faculty at Roger Williams University are committed to training students to use modern computer-based tools when performing engineering analysis. But achieving this is a tall order, as engineering courses are already jam-packed with essential technical material and any hindrance to delivering this material is unwelcome. Likewise, we routinely pay lip service to the necessity for students to double-check their work, yet we provide students with few tools for systematically accomplishing this. This paper describes an effort by the author to integrate solid modeling into a Dynamics course by requiring numerical validation of symbolic solutions to homework problems. The students solve traditional homework problems using free-body diagrams, equations of motion, pencils and calculators; but then must demonstrate that their answers are valid through an independent check. Students construct solid models in SolidWorks© to duplicate the geometric and inertial properties of the problem, and then use the Motion Analysis, a SolidWorks Simulation add-in, to create a motion study duplicating the conditions of the problem. Students may place dynamically updating dimensions to determine distances or may generate graphs, e.g. velocity versus time, to study motion characteristics. As a direct result, students are able to independently validate their symbolic solutions with numerical simulations. This paper will provide a detailed description of the use of SolidWorks in a sophomore level Dynamics course offered spring 2012 and spring 2013. This paper will present examples of student work and assess the benefits and challenges associated with this teaching method.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Measuring The Usefulness Of Information For Investors Inferences: The Case Of Quarterly Earnings Announcements

In this paper, we propose a new method for assessing the usefulness of information, its inferential value. In the context of accounting and finance, we define the inferential value of information about a firm as how efficaciously the information enables investors to draw correct inferences regarding its future financial performance. On the basis of this definition, we develop a stylized model to measure the proximity of a firm’s future realized rates of return to the estimated rates of return implied by its current stock price. We then use the new measure to test the hypothesis that quarterly earnings announcements have a higher inferential value than other information arriving during interim (non-earnings announcement) periods. Our empirical findings suggest that investors are able to make more informative inferences about a firm’s future profitability based on quarterly earnings announcement than based on information available during interim periods. However, our findings also suggest that, in general, investors do not correctly anticipate future losses. Finally, we find that earnings announcements are as important in anticipating future profitability for larger firms as they are for smaller firms.
The matrix of rat calvarium as transformant of fibroblasts.

SummaryAllogeneic transplantation of coarse powders of the rat calvarial matrix to subcutaneous spaces resulted in transformation of fibroblasts to chondroblasts and osteoblasts. The emergence of new phenotypes was quantitated by determination of alkaline phosphatase activity and 45Ca incorporation. A comparison of the matrices from rat calvarium and diaphyseal bone revealed that matrix of the shaft of long bones is more potent as transformant than matrix of the vault of the skull.
Factors Affecting the Nesting Success of the Large Carpenter Bee, Xylocopa californica arizonensis

The nesting success of Xylocopa californica arizonensis Cresson (Hymenoptera:Anthophoridae) is determined primarily by the availability of pollen and nectar and by the presence of a source of nest substrate. X. c. arizonensis appears to depend upon the pollen of Larrea tridentata or Prosopis spp. for larval food, when it is available. Predators, parasites and nest competitors are relatively unimportant in limiting nesting success.
Study on the Mechanisms of the Rat Mossy Fiber Sprouting in Lithium-Pilocarpine Epilepsy Model

Objective:To explore the pathogenic mechanisms of mossy fiber sprouting in epilepsy by observing the behaviour of experimental epileptic seizure,electroencephalogram(EEG) and the pathophysiological changes of rats in lithium-pilocarpine epilepsy model.Methods:The epilepsy model of the rat acute status epilepticus was made by lithium-pilocarpine(Li-PC) to carry out the scores of mossy fiber sprouting on the 7th day,14th day and 28th day after the model made successfully.Results:The rats in the model group were showed that mossy fiber sprouting passed through granular cells in inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the black granules were formed in pyramidal cell layer in CA3 area at the 2nd week.Continuous dense granules were formed at the 4th week.The scores of MFS were significantly higher than those in the saline control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Mossy fiber sprouting induced by the neuronal injury in acute stage may be the pathological base of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
Fimbriae of Actinomyces viscosus t14v: their relationship to the virulence-associated antigen and to coaggregation with Streptococcus sanguis 34.

Actinomyces viscosus and the closely related A. naeslundii are plaque bacteria and have been implicated in the etiology of root surface caries and periodontal disease in experimental animals and in man (1–5). The specialized cell surface features which equip these microorganisms for life in the oral cavity are just beginning to be understood. An early clue was the finding of a fibrillar layer (i.e., fimbriae) on the cell surface of both organisms (6). Subsequent studies have provided electron microscopic evidence for participation of these structures in adherence to oral streptococci (7) and to epithelial cells (8).
Developmental psychopathology, ontogenic process models, gene–environment interplay, and brain development: An emerging synthesis.

This article introduces the special section of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology. This Special Section exemplifies what are arguably the most current iterations of developmental psychopathology, which involve an intensive focus on both molecular genetics and brain architecture-and their interactions with crucial environmental features and forces-for elucidating processes of individual development, or ontogenesis, toward psychopathology.
The role of dissolved Fe(II) concentration in the mineralogical evolution of Fe (hydr)oxides during redox cycling

Abstract Iron (Fe) (hydr)oxides play a key role in sediment biogeochemical cycling, particularly in dynamic environments that periodically undergo redox oscillations. The length of redox half cycles varies, depending on the environment, and is often brief in upland tropical soils, the vadose zone and at the sediment/plant root interface. One reaction that impacts Fe (hydr)oxide mineralogy in these environments is the Fe(II) catalyzed transformation of ferrihydrite. This reaction leads to the production of more crystalline phases under strictly anaerobic conditions and in cycling studies with relatively long anaerobic and/or oxic periods (e.g., 7 to 90 days). Ferrihydrite transformation has been investigated under strictly anaerobic conditions, or during a few (1–3), longer redox cycles; however, there is limited information describing the transformation of ferrihydrite, over multiple, short, sequential exposures to chemical reductants (e.g., dissolved Fe(II)) and oxidants (e.g., O2). Here, we examine the mineralogical evolution of ferrihydrite over eight redox cycles during which it reacts with dissolved Fe(II) in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) for 48 h and is subsequently exposed to air (oxic conditions) for 18 h. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, the abundance of each mineral phase present after each anaerobic or oxic period, is quantified. Our results demonstrate that rapid redox cycling limits the extent of ferrihydrite transformation leading to disequilibrium between mineral phases. Additionally, magnetite stoichiometry increases throughout the study despite periodic exposure to oxygen. A deeper understanding of poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxide transformation during multiple, short redox cycles can provide insight into reactions controlling the speciation of redox active nutrients and contaminants in soils and sediments.
The Paleoecology of the Upper Ndolanya Beds, Laetoli, Tanzania, and Its Implications for Hominin Evolution

Evidence from the Pliocene hominin site of Laetoli in northern Tanzania demonstrates that there was a taxonomic turnover of the mammalian fauna between the Upper Laetolil Beds (3.6–3.85 Ma) and the Upper Ndolanya Beds (2.66 Ma). Paranthropus aethiopicus was one of the novel species that appeared locally as part of the restructured fauna. This turnover coincides with a major climatic shift at ~2.8–2.5 Ma, which had an important impact on the local environment and the composition of the faunal community. Investigation of the paleoecology of the Upper Ndolanya Beds provides critical evidence about how the vegetation and fauna at Laetoli, including the hominins, responded to these environmental changes. The preponderance of alcelaphin bovids and the reduced frequency of browsing ungulates, in conjunction with evidence from ecomorphology, mesowear and stable isotopes, indicate that the Upper Ndolanya Beds sample drier habitats with a greater proportion of grasslands compared with the earlier Upper Laetolil Beds. However, paleoecological inferences based on ostrich eggshells, rodents, and terrestrial gastropods present a more complicated picture, indicating instead that Upper Ndolanya habitats were more mesic and dominated by dense woodlands. Such confounding results can be reconciled as a consequence of the differential impact of climatic and environmental change on a global, regional and local scale.
Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK): Past, Present, and Future

Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK​, 汉语水平考试) is China’s national standardized test designed to assess the Chinese language proficiency of non-native speakers such as foreign students and overseas Chinese. This chapter opens with a brief account of the history and development of HSK over the past thirty years (1984–the present): How it came into being, the aim of the test, the levels of the test, and the outline of the test. For the convenience of discussion, this chapter divides the development of HSK into three stages: Old HSK, HSK (Revised), and New HSK. The review indicates that HSK has developed from a domestic test to an influential international proficient test; it has expanded from a test with a focus on assessment of linguistic knowledge to a test of all four language skills (i.e., listening, reading, writing, and speaking); its exam outline has also undergone huge revisions to better meet the demands of the examinees and the society. Based on the history and development of HSK, the last section discusses its future prospects with challenges identified and suggestions proposed.
Mixture source identification in non-stationary data streams with applications in compression

We consider a non-stationary data stream in which the data statistics may change abruptly from one sample to another, i.e. each sample might be generated from a different (unknown) source in a mixture of K sources. The problem of identifying the models and parameters of K sources, as well as the source switching model is investigated. We proposed an algorithm based on Bayesian Information Criterion and Expectation Maximization to determine the models and estimate the mixture parameters. The estimated data generation model can be used in memory-assisted universal compression to decrease the coding rate further. Simulation results confirmed that using the proposed algorithm for source identification and universal compression can significantly decrease the compression redundancy.
Recent Advances in Conjugated Furans

Thiophene is one of the most ubiquitous moieties in organic conjugated materials; however, furan, its oxygen congener, and furan derivatives have received comparatively less attention. This is primarily due to the intrinsic instability of furan and its tendency to decompose in the presence of oxygen and light. Incorporating furan into conjugated systems can confer many benefits, including increases in conjugation, improved solubility, and better transport properties. In this Concept Article, advances in furan-containing conjugated materials are presented. The impact of furan on the properties of conjugated materials is discussed, recent advances in synthetic methods are overviewed, and strategies for improving the stability of conjugated furans are detailed.
The politics of punishment: A study of the passage of the 1925 Federal Probation Act

ABSTRACTProbation is the most common form of correctional supervision in the United States, yet its history remains largely understudied. This study examines probation’s transformation from private charity to public system through an analysis of House judiciary committee hearing records leading up to the 1925 Federal Probation Act. The data reveal change over time in committee members’ key concerns and proponents’ framing of probation. The results shed light on the transformative nature of the legislative process as reforms evolve from grassroots ideology to public policy. Further, they lend insight into the historical roots of many of probation’s modern-day challenges. The findings inform a dynamic cause and constraint model of penal reform.
CEO Tenure and CSR: Impact of CEO Self-Interest on Long-Term Investment Decision Making

In this study, we linked the CEO tenure and CSR performance by focusing on CEO’s self-interest seeking behavior correlated with perceived challenges over their tenure and posited the moderating rol...
Gender Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immune Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter updates and adds new information to complement and extend previous reviews on gender differences in autoimmunity. It starts with general remarks on what is new in sex hormones and autoimmunity. It then discusses genes and sex differences with respect to autoimmune diseases, immune mediators, and signals that are under the influence of sex hormones, and updates the information on estrogen receptors (ER), both ERα and ERβ. The chapter discusses immune modulation following activation and/or blocking of estrogen receptors and the subsequent expression of the autoimmune state. In this chapter, recent work was selected that dealt with hormones and gender differences in autoimmunity. The interplay between sex hormones and the cellular–humoral–cytokine factors that could influence the expression of autoimmune diseases is discussed. Specific autoimmune diseases with female predominance are discussed with emphasis on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren syndrome (SS), and neurologic diseases, particularly those with established animal models. Current and future applications of the basic information in the field of hormones and gender are outlined with emphasis on possible future therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases with female predominance.
On some prepositions that look DP-internal: English of and French de

The article shows that, in spite of their DP-internal appearance, many instances of the English preposition of and of the French preposition de can be reanalyzed as being VP-external. Moreover, it is argued that what looks like movement of a bare quantifier turns out to be remnant movement. It is also claimed that each +N subpart of DP must get its own Case, which means that (non-head) phrases never have Case.
Semiparametric Estimation of Solar Generation

Because of the high variability of solar generation, integrating solar energy into the grid requires estimating the total energy demand and total solar generation behind a node using such available data as load measurements at the node and irradiance data. In this work, we propose a flexible, robust semiparametric solar generation estimation methodology with uncertainty bounds, which nonparametrically estimates the total energy demand and parametrically estimates the solar generation based on a photovoltaic performance model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology on experiments that combine publicly available hourly load and per minute irradiance data with simulated data. We also demonstrate the high accuracy achieved by our methodology if per minute load measurements became available.
Predictors of prostate cancer-specific anxiety following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for clinically localized prostate cancer.

64Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) related anxiety varies widely based on management option. SBRT offers a safe and effective treatment for localized PCa. However, there is a paucity of data regar...
Latent HIV-1 Infection of Resting CD4+ T cells: Testing Approaches to Overcome HIV Latency

Latent HIV-1 infection of resting CD4+ T cells provides a long-lived reservoir of viral persistence in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Intensive research into the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency has led to the identification of numerous potential therapeutic targets that might be exploited to eradicate HIV-1 infection. However, before human clinical trials can be pursued, the safety and efficacy of a potential antilatency therapy (ALT) must be evaluated in appropriate in vivo models. Recently, humanized Rag2-/-γc-/- and BLT mice on suppressive ART have been validated as models to study latent HIV-1 infection of resting CD4+ T cells. The mice are reconstituted with human cells in peripheral blood and anatomic compartments that allow establishment of a human immune system and support persistent HIV-1 infection. Additionally, humanized mice allow the precise quantitation of resting CD4+ T cell-infection (RCI), and therefore present themselves as one of the best available animal models to document the success of ALT. In light of these advantages, this chapter highlights antilatency strategies that could be tested in the humanized mouse models to address RCI, including adjunctive approaches to eliminate HIV-1 expressing cells during inductive therapy.
Comparison of piecewise linear change point detection with traditional analytical methods for ocean and climate data

The Earth’s atmosphere and oceans are largely determined by periodic patterns of solar radiation, from daily and seasonal, to orbital variations over thousands of years. Dynamical processes alter these cycles with feedbacks and delays, so that the observed climate response is a combination of cyclical features and sudden regime changes. A primary example is the shift from a glacial (ice age) state to interglacial, which is driven by a 100-thousand year orbital cycle, while the transition occurs over a period of hundreds of years. Traditional methods of statistical analysis such as Fourier and wavelet transforms are very good at describing cyclical behavior, but lack any characterization of singular events and regime changes. More recently, researchers have tested techniques in the statistical discipline of change point detection. This paper explores the unique advantages of a piecewise linear regression change point detection algorithm to identify events, regime shifts, and the direction of cyclical trends in geophysical data. It evaluates the reasons for choosing this particular change detection algorithm over other techniques by applying the technique to both observational and model data sets. A comparison of the proposed change detection algorithm to the more established statistical techniques shows the benefits and drawbacks of each method.
The Use of R-Hyper-CVAD in a Rare Case of Primary Bone Marrow Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Primary bone marrow lymphoma (PBML) is a rare clinical entity. Because of its rarity, there is no standard therapy defined. Prognosis in this disease is poor, and further studies for effective treatments are needed. In this report, we will discuss a patient with PBML who was treated with a hyper-fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with methotrexate and cytarabine (hyper-CVAD) plus rituximab regimen with a favorable outcome. We believe this is the first reported use of this regimen in this type of lymphoma.
Divergent effects of canonical and non‐canonical TGF‐β signalling on mixed contractile‐synthetic smooth muscle cell phenotype in human Marfan syndrome aortic root aneurysms

Aortic root aneurysm formation is a cardinal feature of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and likely TGF‐β driven via Smad (canonical) and ERK (non‐canonical) signalling. The current study assesses human MFS vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype, focusing on individual contributions by Smad and ERK, with Notch3 signalling identified as a novel compensatory mechanism against TGF‐β‐driven pathology. Although significant ERK activation and mixed contractile gene expression patterns were observed by traditional analysis, this did not directly correlate with the anatomic site of the aneurysm. Smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes were TGF‐β‐dependent and opposed by ERK in vitro, implicating the canonical Smad pathway. Bulk SMC RNA sequencing after ERK inhibition showed that ERK modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and Notch signalling via Notch3 in MFS. Reversing Notch3 overexpression with siRNA demonstrated that Notch3 promotes several protective remodelling pathways, including increased SMC proliferation, decreased apoptosis and reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity, in vitro. In conclusion, in human MFS aortic SMCs: (a) ERK activation is enhanced but not specific to the site of aneurysm formation; (b) ERK opposes TGF‐β‐dependent negative effects on SMC phenotype; (c) multiple distinct SMC subtypes contribute to a ‘mixed’ contractile‐synthetic phenotype in MFS aortic aneurysm; and (d) ERK drives Notch3 overexpression, a potential pathway for tissue remodelling in response to aneurysm formation.
Ligand Crosslinking Boosts Thermal Transport in Colloidal Nanocrystal Solids

The ongoing interest in colloidal nanocrystal solids for electronic and photonic devices necessitates that their thermal-transport properties be well understood because heat dissipation frequently limits performance in these devices. Unfortunately, colloidal nanocrystal solids generally possess very low thermal conductivities. This very low thermal conductivity primarily results from the weak van der Waals interaction between the ligands of adjacent nanocrystals. We overcome this thermal-transport bottleneck by crosslinking the ligands to exchange a weak van der Waals interaction with a strong covalent bond. We obtain thermal conductivities of up to 1.7 Wm-1 K-1 that exceed prior reported values by a factor of 4. This improvement is significant because the entire range of prior reported values themselves only span a factor of 4 (i.e., 0.1-0.4 Wm-1 K-1 ). We complement our thermal-conductivity measurements with mechanical nanoindentation measurements that demonstrate ligand crosslinking increases Young's modulus and sound velocity. This increase in sound velocity is a key bridge between mechanical and thermal properties because sound velocity and thermal conductivity are linearly proportional according to kinetic theory. Control experiments with non-crosslinkable ligands, as well as transport modeling, further confirm that ligand crosslinking boosts thermal transport.
Beyond ambulation: Measuring physical activity in youth with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) develop skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. Validated skeletal muscle outcome measures are limited to ambulatory patients, but most DMD patients in cardiac trials are non-ambulatory. New objective functional assessments are needed. This study's objective was to assess the correlation and longitudinal change of two measures: quantitative muscle testing (QMT) and accelerometry. Patients with DMD were prospectively enrolled and underwent QMT and wore wrist and ankle accelerometers for seven days at baseline, 1-, and 2-years. QMT measures were indexed to age. Accelerometer recordings were total vector magnitudes and awake vector magnitude. Correlations were assessed using a Spearman correlation, and longitudinal change was evaluated using a paired t-test or a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Forty-eight participants were included. QMT and accelerometry measures had a moderate or strong correlation, particularly indexed arm QMT with total wrist vector magnitude (rho=0.85, p<0.001), total indexed QMT with total wrist vector magnitude (rho=0.8, p<0.001) and indexed leg QMT with total ankle vector magnitude (rho=0.69, p<0.001). QMT and accelerometry measures declined significantly over time. Accelerometry correlates with QMT and indexed QMT in boys with DMD. A combination of QMT and accelerometry may provide a complementary assessment of skeletal muscle function in non-ambulatory boys with DMD.
On the Importance of Variation: A High-Resolution Map of Copy Number Variants in Arabidopsis.

Linking genotype to phenotype is a major challenge in plant biology. Phenotypic variation observed between individuals of the same plant species is the consequence of a vast array of genetic variation, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small or large structural variants including
Using Gated Recurrent Units for Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation-PWM in Grid-Tied Cascaded H-Bridge Converters

Grid-tied converters become more popular for electric vehicle, renewable energy, and energy storage systems applications. Different modulation techniques such as low-frequency (e.g., selective harmonic elimination-PWM, selective harmonic mitigation-PWM, and selective harmonic current mitigation-PWM (SHCM-PWM)) and high-frequency modulation techniques (e.g., phase shift-PWM and space vector modulation) are used in the literature for grid-tied converters. Low-frequency modulation techniques have a high-efficiency due to the low-switching power losses. One of the main challenges of low-frequency modulation techniques such as SHCM-PWM is how to implement the proposed technique in real-time, due to the transcendental Fourier equations of SHCM-PWM. In this paper, a deep learning technique (i.e., gated recurrent units) is adopted to implement the SHCM-PWM technique in real-time. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed learning-based technique, both simulation and experiments are performed for a single-phase 3-cell 7-level CHB converter.
Sensing Via Exceptional Points in Space and Time Periodic Systems and in PT-Symmetric Systems

We review and explore sensor applications based on electromagnetic systems operating near an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD). The EPD is defined as the point at which the system eigenmodes coalesce in both their eigenvalues and eigenvectors varying a system parameter. Sensors based on EPDs show sensitivity proportional to $\delta^{1/{m}}$, where $\delta$ is a perturbation of a system parameter and m is the order of the EPD. EPDs manifest in PT-symmetric systems or periodic systems that can be periodic in either time or space. We review all the methods to obtain EPD based sensors, and we focus on two classes of ultra-sensitive EPD systems: i) periodic linear time-varying single oscillators, and ii) optical gyroscopes based on a modified coupled resonators optical waveguide (CROW) exhibiting 4th order EPD.
Aerosol-Jet-Printed CoFe2O4 Nanoparticle − Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Composite for Microsupercapacitors

This work studied the design, fabrication, and characterization of a bimetallic CoFe2O4 nanoparticle (NP) − vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) composite for 3D microsupercapacitor (MSC) ele...
A Pilot Study of Family-Centered Rounding Structures

Purpose: Family centered rounds (FCR) are common in pediatric inpatient medicine, however rounding structures can differ between institutions based on participants, the location of rounds, and the role of trainees. Our institution utilized walking, hallway rounds to conduct FCR, but increasing concerns about confidentiality and trainee education resulted in discussion about other rounding methods. The aim of our study was to compare walking, hallway rounds with a new conference room rounding style as measured by learner perceptions of FCR. Methods: All medical students and …
Global progress in incorporating climate adaptation into land protection for biodiversity since Aichi targets

Climate adaptation strategies are being developed and implemented to protect biodiversity from the impacts of climate change. A well-established strategy involves the identification and addition of new areas for conservation, and most countries agreed in 2010 to expand the global protected area (PA) network to 17% by 2020 (Aichi Biodiversity Target 11). Although great efforts to expand the global PA network have been made, the potential of newly established PAs to conserve biodiversity under future climate change remains unclear at the global scale. Here, we conducted the first global-extent, country-level assessment of the contribution of PA network expansion toward three key land prioritization approaches for biodiversity persistence under climate change: protecting climate refugia, protecting abiotic diversity, and increasing connectivity. These approaches avoid uncertainties of biodiversity predictions under climate change as well as the issue of undescribed species. We found that 51% of the countries created new PAs in locations with lower mean climate velocity (representing better climate refugia) and 58% added PAs in areas with higher mean abiotic diversity compared to the available, non-human-dominated lands not chosen for protection. However, connectivity among PAs declined in 53% of the countries, indicating that many new PAs were located far from existing PAs. Lastly, we identified potential improvements for climate adaptation, showing that 94% of the countries have the opportunity to improve in executing one or more approaches to conserve biodiversity. Most countries (60%) were associated with multiple opportunities, highlighting the need for integrative strategies that target multiple land protection approaches. Our results demonstrate that a global improvement in the protection of climate refugia, abiotic diversity, and connectivity of reserves is needed to complement land protection informed by existing and projected species distributions. Our study also provides a framework for countries to prioritize land protection for climate adaptation using publicly available data.