cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Social Bond on Self-control at the Moment of Decision: Testing Hirschi’s Redefinition of Self-control

Hirschi (2004) redefined self-control as the tendency to consider the “full range” of potential costs relevant to a criminal act, suggesting that such costs vary in number and salience based on one’s level of self-control. He also suggested self-control, as expressed at the moment of decision, was influenced by the individual’s level of social bonding; those with fewer bonds would exhibit less self control by considering fewer costs and finding them less salient when making a decision. This study presents an initial attempt to examine Hirschi’s theoretical statement linking concepts from the two theories. Presented with a hypothetical drunk driving scenario, participants were asked to identify perceived costs and salience as a measure of self-control, as Hirschi (2004) suggested. Results support Hirschi’s assertion demonstrating that the social bond impacts offending likelihood through its relationship to self-control expressed within the decision. Future theoretical and empirical directions are outlined.
Singularities in the physical region

It is shown that a Feynman amplitude has singularities on the physical boundary if and only if the relevant Feynman diagram can be interpreted as a picture of an energy- and momentum-conserving process occurring in space-time, with all internal particles real, on the mass shell, and moving forward in time. As a by-product of the proof, the Feynman parameter associated with an internal line is identified (within a proportionality factor) with the time the particle exists between collisions, divided by its mass.
Using flows in information integration

Information integration has two fundamental aspects, data integration and function integration. Function integration is based on flow technology and adapter technology, and both of these add powerful capabilities to information integration. They provide access to a huge variety of data sources, such as standard applications, home-grown backend systems, and Web services. For accesses that are not restricted to read operations, flows can help in managing units of work across these data stores. When a database system is coupled with a flow engine, all of these capabilities are made available to database applications.
Localization of Drosophila embryos using connected components in scale space

Localization of Drosophila embryos in images is a fundamental step in an automatic computational system for the exploration of gene-gene interaction on Drosophila. In this paper, we introduce a localization framework based on the analysis of connected components in the Gaussian scale space of an embryonic image. We propose three criteria for the selection of the optimal scale. The experiment results show the promise of the proposed methods.
Tbf1 or Not Tbf1

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Hogues et al. (2008) demonstrate a wholesale shift in the key regulatory protein involved in ribosomal protein (RP) synthesis during the evolution of S. cerevisiae and, en passant, raise interesting questions about the relationship between RP genes and telomeres.
Ultra-violet irradiation of dry tobacco mosaic virus.

WE have previously reported that the infectious nucleic acids obtained from different strains of tobacco mosaic virus have the same sensitivity to inactivation with ultra-violet light1. The intact strains, however, differ in this regard2. Strain U2 has the same sensitivity as the infectious nucleic acid, whereas strain U1 is 5½ times more resistant. It was therefore concluded that the type of combination between protein and nucleic acid that exists in the U1 strain affords appreciable protection from the damaging effects of ultra-violet light.
Sculpture as the Sum of its Profiles: François Willème and Photosculpture in France, 1859–1868

Between 1859 and 1868, the French sculptor Francois Willeme perfected two distinct methods for producing sculptural portraits by photographic and mechanical means. Both were founded on the principle that the re-assembly of the various “profiles” of a subject would yield a recognizable and complete likeness. The use of mechanical tools, derived in part from those of Collas and Sauvage, would provide for a realistic objectivity, while the finishing of the model by hand would guarantee the final product as a work of art. The apex of photosculpture's popularity and the critical discussions about it — by Theophile Gautier and others - coincided with the early work of Auguste Rodin in which he shared with Willeme a fundamental system of “profiles comparees.”
Rent exponent prediction methods

A wide variety of models for estimating the distribution of on-chip net lengths assume an accurate estimate for an empirical parameter called the Rent exponent. Due to its definition as an exponent, these models are sensitive to its precise value, and careful selection is essential for good estimates of layout requirements and cycle times. In addition, it is also important to be able to predict changes in the Rent exponent with (possibly discontinuous) changes in interconnect technology. This paper presents a range of methods for estimating the Rent exponents of arbitrarily large gate placements as a function of optimization procedure and the level of fan-out present in the netlist. The first part of the paper describes a rapid algorithmic approach which combines the self-similar, or fractal attributes of small wiring cells with a Monte Carlo sampling method. This method is shown to accurately account for variations in both the wiring signature of the netlist and for the effects of most algorithms used for placement optimization. The second part of the paper presents an analytical model for Rent exponent prediction, based on a renormalization group transformation. This transformation is designed to filter out information which does not contribute to the scale-invariant properties of the optimized netlist enabling the derivation of a closed-form expression for the Rent exponent.
A MICRO DISSECTION OF THE PACHYTENE THREADS OF TRADESCANTIA VIRGINICA L. WITH OBSERVATIONS ON SOME ASPECTS OF MITOSIS

A micro dissection of the pachytene threads of Tradescantia virginica L. shows that the relation of the chromosomes is a matter of continuous linkage in a chain and that, undoubtedly, division and segregation are everywhere processes of abstriction with subsequent mechanical distribution of the elements.
Progesterone-Inducible Cytokeratin 5-Positive Cells in Luminal Breast Cancer Exhibit Progenitor Properties

Progestins play a deleterious role in the onset of breast cancer, yet their influence on existing breast cancer and tumor progression is not well understood. In luminal estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive breast cancer, progestins induce a fraction of cells to express cytokeratin 5 (CK5), a marker of basal epithelial and progenitor cells in the normal breast. CK5+ cells lose expression of ER and PR and are relatively quiescent, increasing their resistance to endocrine and chemotherapy compared to intratumoral CK5−ER+PR+ cells. Characterization of live CK5+ cells has been hampered by a lack of means for their direct isolation. Here, we describe optical (GFP) and bioluminescent (luciferase) reporter models to quantitate and isolate CK5+ cells in luminal breast cancer cell lines utilizing the human KRT5 gene promoter and a viral vector approach. Using this system, we confirmed that the induction of GFP+/CK5+ cells is specific to progestins, is dependent on PR, can be blocked by antiprogestins, and does not occur with other steroid hormones. Progestin-induced, fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated CK5+ cells had lower ER and PR mRNA, were slower cycling, and were relatively more invasive and sphere forming than their CK5− counterparts in vitro. Repeated progestin treatment and selection of GFP+ cells enriched for a persistent population of CK5+ cells, suggesting that this transition can be semi-permanent. These data support that in PR+ breast cancers, progestins induce a subpopulation of CK5+ER−PR− cells with enhanced progenitor properties and have implications for treatment resistance and recurrence in luminal breast cancer.
Analytical Ultracentrifugation and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis as Tools for Studying Chromatin Folding in Solution

Analytical ultracentrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis each can be used to accurately quantify changes in structure that accompany chromatin folding in solution. Analytical ultracentrifugation directly measures the extent of compaction of each species present in a chromatin sample under a wide range of solution conditions. Agarose gel electrophoresis yields information about changes in the average surface charge density, size and/or shape, and conformational flexibility during chromatin folding. When used together, these methodologies are particularly powerful. Protocols for the characterization of chromatin folding by analytical ultracentrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis are described. Discussion focuses on analysis and interpretation of experimental chromatin folding data.
The pharmacological management of childhood anxiety disorders: a review.

Pediatric anxiety is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that may have important implications for school, social, and academic function. Psychopharmacological approaches to the treatment of pediatric anxiety have expanded over the past 20 years and increasing empirical evidence helps guide current clinical practice. To review studies which examine the pharmacological treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders, including obsessive–compulsive disorder and to summarize treatment implications. All relevant studies were searched using MEDLINE and PsycINFO search engines, supplemented by a manual bibliographical search; studies published between 1985 and 2006 that met inclusion criteria were examined. This article provides a systematic review of the psychopharmacological treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders based on available empirical evidence, with a focus on randomized controlled trials. General treatment principles and pharmacological management of specific pediatric anxiety disorders are also reviewed. There is good evidence to support the efficacy of several pharmacological agents including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to treat pediatric anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorder, although there are still many unanswered questions.
Characteristics of trapped lung: pleural fluid analysis, manometry, and air-contrast chest CT.

Abstract Study objectives: To review the pleural fluid characteristics, pleural manometry, and radiographic data of patients who received a diagnosis of trapped lung in our pleural diseases service. Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: The procedure records of 247 consecutive patients who underwent pleural manometry at the Medical University of South Carolina between October 2002 and November 2005 were reviewed. Eleven patients in whom a diagnostic pneumothorax was introduced were identified. Manometry data, radiographic findings, pleural fluid analysis, final clinical diagnosis, and information regarding the initial pleural insult were retrieved from the medical record. Results: All 11 patients had a clinical diagnosis of trapped lung. The causes of trapped lung were attributed to coronary artery bypass graft surgery, uremia, thoracic radiation, pericardiotomy, spontaneous bacterial pleuritis and repeated thoracentesis, and complicated parapneumonic effusion. Mean pleural fluid pH was 7.30, pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 124 IU/L, and pleural fluid total protein was 2.9 g/dL. Pleural fluid was paucicellular with mononuclear cell predominance. Pleural space elastance was increased in all cases and ranged from 19 to 149 cm H 2 O/L of pleural fluid removed. All demonstrated abnormal visceral pleural thickness on air-contrast chest CT. Conclusions: Trapped lung is a clinical entity characterized by the presence of a restrictive visceral pleural peel that was first described in 1967. The pleural fluid is paucicellular, LDH is low, and protein may be in the exudative range. The elevated total pleural fluid protein may be related to factors other than active pleural inflammation or malignancy and does not exclude the diagnosis.
From spatial proximity to semantic coherence: a quantitative approach to the study of group dynamics in collaborative virtual environments

This article describes a quantitative approach to the study of group dynamics in Collaborative Information Visualization Environments (CIVEs). This approach characterizes group dynamics in terms of two concepts introduced in this article--spatial proximity and semantic coherence. The concepts are crucial to the understanding of profound interrelationships between spatial, semantic, and social navigation. Furthermore, this article describes three visualization techniques--semantic indentation chat sequence displays, activity maps, and clock-face maps--that permit the identification of important features of group interaction that are related to semantic coherence and spatial proximity. The approach is illustrated by applying it to the analysis of an empirical study in which four groups of subjects performed collaborative search tasks through 3D visualizations of knowledge domains. The major contribution of the work is the conceptualization and quantification of group coherence as a generic methodology for the study of a range of collaborative virtual environments such as collaborative learning, distance learning, social networks, collaborative information visualization, and digital libraries. Further research challenges for the study of group behavior in collaborative information-visualization environments are identified.
Comparison of tethered and untethered helmet mounted fNIR systems for TBI application

Blast or accident related damages to brain leads to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and early detection of TBI and its severity avoids disability. Broadband near-infrared spectroscopy system of 30-1000 MHz provides accurate functional imaging that could be instrumental in diagnosis of any TBI. This paper addresses design challenges and performance comparison of helmet mounted broadband functional near infra-red (fNIR) designs of both tethered and un-tethered communications with a remote analysis unit. Performance comparison of both systems in terms of size, power consumption, and data throughput are discussed and merits of the tethered and untethered helmet mounted broadband fNIR is discussed. The photon migration of NIR light is accomplished using broadband optical transmitters and reception of diffused photons at various positions on head that are 1.5 cm away from each individual optical transmitter. Optical transmitter and receiver are custom designed to perform photon migration spectroscopy through head and brain at wavelengths of 680nm, 780nm, 820nm, and 980nm. The untethered helmet structure consists of RF electronic for reception of UWB signals of 4.5–5.5GHz and transmission of 50Mb/s data after local signal processing of the received diffused photons. Low frequency electrical connections using microcoax are employed for interfacing the broadband 30–1000MHz reference source to the multi-wavelength optical transmitters and process the received RF signal component of diffused photon density waves.
Body size and thermal energetics: How should thermal conductance scale?

Abstract 1. 1.It is widely supposed that thermal conductance scales to body size by a power equation of the form C = aM b . 2. 2.It is theoretically unrealistic to expect the scaling of thermal conductance to follow a power relation, because animals exchange heat in multiple ways, each of which varies with body size in a different way. 3. 3.I have developed models for the scaling of thermal conductance, which depart significantly from a power curve. 4. 4.Depending upon environmental and physiological condition, the best power approximation to the “true” allometric curves for thermal conductance yields exponents ranging from 0.33 to 0.75. 5. 5.The model's predictions are supported by a wide variety of experimental evidence.
An inexpensive device for sampling large volumes of lake water from discrete depths

SUMMARY 1. A sampler was developed that displaces surface water which is replaced with water from a sampling tube at a set depth. 2. The displacement sampler is inexpensive, easy to build, and is capable of collecting water at 7.5 I min−1. 3. Phytoplankton photosynthesis was higher in water from the displacement sampler than in water collected with a Van-Dorn bottle. Subsequent experiments indicated this was due to inhibition caused by the Van-Dorn bottle.
The changing landscape of antiparasitic drug discovery for veterinary medicine

Changes in economic imperatives in the pharmaceutical industry have led to a wave of consolidation, which has had the unintended side effect of shrinking the resource devoted to antiparasitic drug discovery in animal health companies. Scientific changes have altered the way in which drugs could be discovered in the future. New science and business models will need to be implemented to address the demand for innovative antiparasitic drugs in veterinary medicine. Novel drugs are needed to combat drug resistance and for currently non-addressed problems. At the center of the future for this field, however, lies the need for more support into the basic research on the biology of parasites.
Workload characterization and optimization of high-performance text indexing on the Cell Broadband Engine™ (Cell/B.E.)

In this paper we examine text indexing on the Cell Broadband Engine™ (Cell/B.E.), an emerging workload on an emerging multicore architecture. The Cell Broadband Engine is a microprocessor jointly developed by Sony Computer Entertainment, Toshiba, and IBM (herein, we refer to it simply as the “Cell”).
Short-term controlled atmosphere storage for storage-life extension of white-fleshed peaches and nectarines

Response of white-fleshed peaches ('Sugar Lady', 'Snow Giant', 'White Lady' and 'Snow King') and nectarines ('Arctic Queen 'and 'Arctic Rose') to controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage is cultivar dependent. Samples of fruit of these six cultivars were collected just prior to commercial harvest and held in either regular-atmosphere (RA) storage at 1C or controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage at 2% O 2 and 6, 12 or 18% CO 2 , all at 1C. Four of the six cultivars ('Snow Giant', 'White Lady', 'Snow King' and 'Arctic Queen') displayed excessive internal browning and poor flesh color after only 30 days of storage and should not be considered for long storage (+30 days). While 'Sugar Lady' and 'Arctic Rose' performed better and are possible candidates for CA storage, they should not be stored more than 45 days after harvest. The value of CA storage to extend the marketing of white-fleshed peaches and nectarines is questionable at best. If CA storage is to be used for storage-life extension of white-fleshed peaches and nectarines, O 2 level should be maintained at 2% or less and CO 2 level maintained at 12% or higher.
MODERATORS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPANY AND UNION COMMITMENT : A META-ANALYSIS

Abstract In this study meta-analysis was used to review systematically the cumulative research on dual commitment and to determine the moderating effects of white- and blue-collar employment, Western and non-Western work values, and differences in the way the commitment concepts are measured on the relations between unionized workers' attitudes of commitment to their unions and to their employing companies. A comprehensive search for relevant dual commitment studies was undertaken through computer and manual searches of published literature and copies of unpublished papers. The final sample contained 31 studies and data on 22,012 unionized employees in 7 countries. The results demonstrated the existence of dual commitment and the existence of moderators of the dual commitment relationship. The moderator analyses indicated that research on cultural work values and industrial relations systems will make an important contribution to our understanding of dual commitment.
The Effects of Institutional Classification and Gender on Faculty Inclusion of Syllabus Components

The purpose of this research was to explore the effects that gender and institutional classification have on the inclusion of syllabus components. Course syllabi (N = 350) written by men and women from seven types of institutions, based on Carnegie classification, were sampled and evaluated for the presence of 26 syllabus components. The gender data clearly indicated that there were no gender effects by individual syllabus component and only one gender effect by syllabus component category; that is, females included more policy information than males. In addition, while there were institutional classification effects, there were no clear patterns of effect.
Adjuvant therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: what have we learned since 1985?

Abstract Purpose To review developments relevant to pancreatic adjuvant therapy since the publication of the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (GITSG) trial of adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer in 1985. Results Our understanding of the pathology, surgical management, clinical and pathologic prognostic factors, potential importance of adjuvant therapy, and optimal design of adjuvant therapies have all undergone major evolution. Available data suggest: ( 1 ) the morbidity of pancreaticoduodenectomy has been reduced substantially, especially in major referral centers; ( 2 ) physicians, patients, and families recognize the importance of clinical trials and substantial numbers of patients are available for such trials; ( 3 ) factors such as tumor size, margin status, nodal involvement, histologic differentiation, and blood loss at surgery have an impact on postoperative outcomes; ( 4 ) the use of gemcitabine and patient-specific, anatomic planning for conformal radiotherapy has the potential to radically alter the adjuvant paradigm; ( 5 ) vaccine therapies have completed Phase I testing and are being incorporated into Phase II trials; and ( 6 ) careful application of relevant statistical principles is necessary to avoid the execution of ambiguous or uninterpretable trials. Conclusions The need for effective adjuvant therapy is undisputed, because surgery alone is inadequate. Increasing numbers of patients are undergoing and recovering from surgery who are willing to consider clinical trials. Major cooperative group and single-institution efforts recently completed, ongoing, or currently planned using improved stratification for prognostic subsets, translational approaches based on molecular biology and/or genetic engineering, and newer chemoradiotherapeutic regimens are rapidly changing the landscape of this clinical arena into one of promise and possibility.
Plans and routines, bureaucratic bargaining, and the Cuban missile crisis

Recent disclosures about the Cuban missile crisis suggest that organizational routines and plans did not significantly constrain U.S. government choices. Rather than constituting fixed barriers to innovation, routines and plans can be relatively plastic and subject to strategic alterations or misrepresentations. Although this can be partly understood in terms of organizational processes, plans and routines are both a response to and the context for strategic interaction by organizational participants. I present evidence of this and suggest why decision makers may not plan even when planning is possible and why plans may not be implemented even when they already exist.
Synthesis of nucleic acid and phosphoprotein in normal and cancer tissue slices studied with radio phosphorus.

SummaryPhosphate incorporation into nucleic acid and phosphoprotein of liver, kidney and tumor tissue slices shows some dependence upon the presence of oxygen.The inhibition of radiophosphate incorporation into nucleic acid and phosphoprotein of tumor slices by nitrogen and its partial reversal by the addition of glucose suggest that, at least in tumor tissue, glycolysis can also serve as a source of energy for the incorporation.
Functional selection and systematic analysis of intronic splicing elements identify active sequence motifs and associated splicing factors

Despite the critical role of pre-mRNA splicing in generating proteomic diversity and regulating gene expression, the sequence composition and function of intronic splicing regulatory elements (ISREs) have not been well elucidated. Here, we employed a high-throughput in vivo Screening PLatform for Intronic Control Elements (SPLICE) to identify 125 unique ISRE sequences from a random nucleotide library in human cells. Bioinformatic analyses reveal consensus motifs that resemble splicing regulatory elements and binding sites for characterized splicing factors and that are enriched in the introns of naturally occurring spliced genes, supporting their biological relevance. In vivo characterization, including an RNAi silencing study, demonstrate that ISRE sequences can exhibit combinatorial regulatory activity and that multiple trans-acting factors are involved in the regulatory effect of a single ISRE. Our work provides an initial examination into the sequence characteristics and function of ISREs, providing an important contribution to the splicing code.
Plasma fatty acids and reproductive performance of lactating beef cows fed rumen-protected fat

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) supplementation after or during estrus synchronization on plasma fatty acid concentrations and reproductive performance of lactating beef cows. In Exp. 1, primiparous (n = 59; 495 ± 50 kg) and multiparous cows (n = 43; 552 ± 64 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design. On d -10, cows were stratified by BW and age to receive either a beet-pulp-based supplement fed at 1.8 kg/d per cow (control) or a beet-pulp-based supplement containing RPF at 1.4 kg/d per cow. Cows were estrus synchronized from d –10 to -3, with timed AI on d 0. On d 0, cows were transferred to bromegrass pastures and supplemented for 30 d. In Exp. 2, multiparous cows (n = 168; 525 ± 62 kg) were used in a randomized complete design and estrus synchronized similarly as in Exp. 1. However, cows were supplemented from d –10 to 10 after timed AI. In Exp. 1, plasma concentrations of 18:2n-6 tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for cows fed RPF than for control cows after 30 d. In Exp. 2, plasma concentrations of 18:2n-6 and total fatty acids were greater (P ≤ 0.002) for cows fed RPF after 20 d of supplementation. In Exp. 1 and 2, reproductive performance was similar (P ≥ 0.72) between treatments. Rumen-protected fat fed to lactating beef cows during and after estrus synchronization increased plasma fatty acid status; however, the increased fatty acid status was not sufficient to improve reproductive performance of lactating beef cows.
Developing the Translational Research Workforce: A Pilot Study of Common Metrics for Evaluating the Clinical and Translational Award KL2 Program

Purpose This pilot study describes the career development programs (i.e., NIH KL2 awards) across five Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) institutions within the University of California (UC) system, and examines the feasibility of a set of common metrics for evaluating early outcomes. Methods A survey of program administrators provided data related to the institutional environment within which each KL2 program was implemented. Application and progress report data yielded a combined data set that characterized KL2 awardees, their initial productivity, and early career outcomes. Results The pilot project demonstrated the feasibility of aggregating common metrics data across multiple institutions. The data indicated that KL2 awardees were an accomplished set of investigators, both before and after the award period, representing a wide variety of disciplines. Awardees that had completed their trainee period overwhelmingly remained active in translational research conducted within an academic setting. Early indications also suggest high rates of success with obtaining research funding subsequent to the KL2 award. Conclusion This project offers a model for how to collect and analyze common metrics related to the education and training function of the CTSA Consortium. Next steps call for expanding participation to other CTSA sites outside of the University of California system.
Pharmacokinetic and Toxicokinetic Modeling

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by Natalie Eddington, volume 3, pp 381–390, © 2005, Elsevier Inc.
Foreword: On the Judicial Safeguards of Federalism

This short essay, written as an introduction to a symposium on federalism, asks whether there is a judicially enforceable constitutional boundary of exclusive state authority beyond which Congress cannot reach and whether there are areas of state autonomy that may be judicially implied from the nature of our federal system. While the modern Supreme Court's answer to these questions is clearly yes, this essay argues that the text and structure of the Constitution establish that there are no judicially enforceable limits on Congressional power in the cause of federalism, beyond those in the literal text of the Constitution. I do not rely on the political safeguards of federalism. The Framers did provide the States with three important powers to influence the composition and functioning of the federal government - the powers to select Senators, determine the qualifications for voting for Representatives, and determine the method for selecting Presidential electors. But through a wave of constitutional amendments and collective political action, the citizens of the United States have eliminated or practically nullified these state powers. In consequence, the States today constitute one special interest group out of many. The nullification of these constitutional prerogatives that the States once enjoyed argues against implying judicially enforceable states' rights. States' rights federalism may have been necessary in a fragmented country, with an embryonic national identity, where the people of one region were ignorant and suspicious of the people of the others. But as our common national identity took shape, and the bonds of the nation subsumed parochial interests, states' rights federalism became an anachronism. The Constitution does continue to contain several explicit rights in the States that must be honored, but there is no warrant for the Supreme Court to reinstate what has been removed, by creating implied spheres of exclusive state autonomy. In short, it is time to acknowledge what the Constitution, viewed as a whole, now makes clear - that the United States has plenary sovereign powers over the several States.
Juggling too Many Things or Spicing Things Up? The Challenge of Managing Social Business

The symposium looks at social businesses, and suggests that the same issues that present an additional challenge to manage can be turned into positive contributions for the performance of these org...
A case-control study of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness for A(H1N1) pdm09 among children

Objective To estimate the seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness for A(H1N1)pdm09 among children.Methods 1 ∶ 1 matched case-control study among children aged 6 ~59 months was conducted. The influenza cases from surveillance sites in Guangzhou were laboratory confirmed during February to Jane 2013. The healthy controls were randomly selected from children aged 6 to 59 months in the Children′s Expanded Programmed Immunization Administrative Computerized System. Vaccine effectiveness was analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Results The vaccination information for 1 250pairs subjects during the study period in Guangzhou were analyzed. We found that the VE for A(H1N1)pdm09 was 57.7%(95%CI:46.6%~66.4%). Influenza vaccination provided more protection for children aged 36-59 months than for younger children; full vaccination provided more protection than partial vaccination. There was no difference between those vaccinated in the study year and those vaccinated in both years. Conclusion This post-licensing study of VE found moderate protection against A(H1N1)pdm09 for vaccinated children aged 6 to 59 months. Annual, full and timely vaccination should be encouraged for children.
Introduction of Anaesthetic Gas Scavenging System and the test method in relevant standard

This paper introduces the definition of AGSS and the key role that it playing in anathesthetic system.It briefly explains the core requirements of YY0635.2.The test device and test method in YY0635.2 are emphasized in the meantime.This discussion could be a reference of testing AGSS.
IS MEASUREMENT OF BONE DENSITY USEFUL

SUMMARY Bone density testing is safe, accurate, and useful. Specific clinical indications and the types of equipment available to assess them are reviewed. A positive effect on the practice of a clinical rheumatologist with resultant improved patient care appears likely in light of the information available.
Combination Therapies Building on the Efficacy of CTLA4 and BRAF Inhibitors for Metastatic Melanoma.

Overview:The demonstration of improved survival with the anti-CTLA4 antibody ipilimumab and the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in patients with metastatic melanoma is arguably the most significant adva...
Management of Severe Skin Eruptions

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) represent a continuum of severe mucucutaneous eruptions associated with significant morbidity. The condition is characterized by diffuse erythematous purpuric macules or flat targetoid lesions that evolve into vesicles and bullae followed by skin sloughing. The skin changes are nearly always associated with mucosal involvement. SJS/TEN is typically induced by medication use, but can be triggered by bacterial or viral infections. Management involves removal of the offending agent and supportive care. The role of systemic therapy including corticosteroids and IVIG is controversial. In this chapter, the diagnosis and management of SJS/TEN will be discussed. The conflicting data on systemic therapy will be addressed.
Increases in Variation of Barbell Kinematics Are Observed with Increasing Intensity in a Graded Back Squat Test

The purpose of the current study was two-fold: (1) To examine the variation in velocity and power with increasing intensity in the back squat among subjects; and (2) To explore individual subject characteristics as possible explanations for variations of velocity in the back squat. Fourteen recreationally trained male subjects with experience in the back squat agreed to participate in the study (age = 25.0 ± 2.6 years, height = 178.9 ± 8.1 cm, body mass = 88.2 ± 15.8 kg). One-repetition maximums (1RM) were performed for each subject on force platforms with four linear position transducers attached to the barbell. The 1RM assessment was immediately preceded by warm-up sets at 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95% of estimated 1RM for 5, 3, 2, and 1 repetitions, respectively. Mean concentric velocity (MCV) and mean power were recorded for each intensity condition and were analyzed using Pearson correlation to determine the relationship between each variable and relative intensity (%1RM). Statistically significant negative relationships existed between %1RM and MCV (r = -0.892) and mean power (r = -0.604). Between-subject coefficient of variation tended to increase as %1RM increased for both MCV and mean power. These results suggest that MCV is superior to mean power as an indicator of relative intensity in the back squat. Additionally, the between-subject variation observed at higher intensities for MCV and mean power support the use of velocity ranges by strength and conditioning coaches.
Double Consciousness: How Pakistani Graduate Students Navigate Their Contested Identities in American Universities

This chapter uses the case of Pakistani graduate students to understand how international students in the U.S. comprehend and deal with discrimination in the host society, which can illuminate larger processes of othering, identity development, and contestation. Using qualitative interviews of 28 Pakistani graduate students (13 female and 15 male) studying in the U.S., I conceptualize the analytical strategies adopted by international students to deal with discrimination in the host culture. I use the DuBoisian notion of double consciousness to theorize how Pakistani graduate students see their religious and national identity from the host culture’s perspective. The students not only see their Muslim and Pakistani identity through their own eyes but also see these identities challenged within the context of the War on Terror, hence embodying a sense of double consciousness in the host society, and struggle constantly as they challenge and negotiate the negative constructs surrounding them. Pakistani graduate students navigate within the constructs of terrorism when their religiosity and nationality are revealed to the dominant group. They negotiate these identities by having a deeper understanding of worldviews on the War on Terror, enabling them to overcome and deal with the conflicting circumstances challenging their nationality and religiosity in the host culture.
Input to State Stability: Basic Concepts and Results

The analysis and design of nonlinear feedback systems has recently undergone an exceptionally rich period of progress and maturation, fueled, to a great extent, by (1) the discovery of certain basic conceptual notions, and (2) the identification of classes of systems for which systematic decomposition approaches can result in effective and easily computable control laws. These two aspects are complementary, since the latter approaches are, typically, based upon the inductive verification of the validity of the former system properties under compositions (in the terminology used in [62], the “activation” of theoretical concepts leads to “constructive” control). This expository presentation addresses the first of these aspects, and in particular the precise formulation of questions of robustness with respect to disturbances, formulated in the paradigm of input to state stability. We provide an intuitive and informal presentation of the main concepts. More precise statements, especially about older results, are given in the cited papers, as well as in several previous surveys such as [103] and [105] (of which the present paper represents an update), but we provide a little more detail about relatively recent work. Regarding applications and extensions of the basic framework, we give some pointers to the literature, but we do not focus on feedback design and specific engineering problems; for the latter we refer the reader to textbooks such as [43], [60], [58], [96], [66], [27], [44].
Gut microbes contribute to variation in solid organ transplant outcomes in mice

Solid organ transplant recipients show heterogeneity in the occurrence and timing of acute rejection episodes. Understanding the factors responsible for such variability in patient outcomes may lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Rejection kinetics of transplanted organs mainly depends on the extent of genetic disparities between donor and recipient, but a role for environmental factors is emerging. We have recently shown that major alterations of the microbiota following broad-spectrum antibiotics, or use of germ-free animals, promoted longer skin graft survival in mice. Here, we tested whether spontaneous differences in microbial colonization between genetically similar individuals can contribute to variability in graft rejection kinetics. We compared rejection kinetics of minor mismatched skin grafts in C57BL/6 mice from Jackson Laboratory (Jax) and Taconic Farms (Tac), genetically similar animals colonized by different commensal microbes. Female Tac mice rejected skin grafts from vendor-matched males more quickly than Jax mice. We observed prolonged graft survival in Tac mice when they were exposed to Jax mice microbiome through co-housing or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by gastric gavage. In contrast, exposure to Tac mice did not change graft rejection kinetics in Jax mice, suggesting a dominant suppressive effect of Jax microbiota. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from Jax and Tac mice fecal samples confirmed a convergence of microbiota composition after cohousing or fecal transfer. Our analysis of amplicon data associated members of a single bacterial genus, Alistipes, with prolonged graft survival. Consistent with this finding, members of the genus Alistipes were absent in a separate Tac cohort, in which fecal transfer from Jax mice failed to prolong graft survival. These results demonstrate that differences in resident microbiome in healthy individuals may translate into distinct kinetics of graft rejection, and contribute to interpersonal variability in graft outcomes. The association between Alistipes and prolonged skin graft survival in mice suggests that members of this genus might affect host physiology, including at sites distal to the gastrointestinal tract. Overall, these findings allude to a potential therapeutic role for specific gut microbes to promote graft survival through the administration of probiotics, or FMT.
A capillary flow-driven microfluidic system for microparticle-labeled immunoassays

A simple, reliable, and self-powered capillary flow-driven microfluidic platform is developed for conducting microparticle-labeled immunoassays. To obtain the washing forces and binding kinetics appropriate for microparticle-labeled immunoassays, both microchannel networks and sample access holes are designed and characterized to confirm the fluidic routes. To demonstrate two different types of immunoassays, serial and parallel capillary-driven microfluidic platforms were developed for mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) using detection antibody-conjugated microparticles, respectively. With the serial capillary-driven microfluidic platform, we successfully demonstrated IgG quantification using direct immunoassay and achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 30 pM by using pre-immobilized mouse IgG. In the parallel capillary-driven microfluidic platform, a sandwich immunoassay for detecting cTnI was demonstrated and a clinically relevant LOD as low as 4.2 pM was achieved with minimal human intervention. In both assays, the association rate constants (Ka) were measured to estimate the overall assay time. According to these estimations, microparticle-labeled immunoassays could be conducted in a few minutes using the proposed capillary-driven microfluidic devices. By coupling with various magnetic sensors, these simple immunoassay platforms enable us to achieve a true sample-in-answer-out device that can screen for a variety of targets without relying on external power sources for fluidic manipulation.
Manifolds and Poincaré Duality

This chapter deals with some of the basic homological properties of topological manifolds. Since the main result is the Poincare duality theorem, we begin with a simple example to establish an intuitive feeling for this classical result. This is followed by material on topological manifolds and a detailed proof of the theorem. The approach used follows the excellent treatment of Samelson [1965, pp. 323–336] and proceeds by way of the Thorn isomorphism theorem. Several applications of the theorem follow, including the determination of the cohomology rings of projective spaces and results on the index of topological manifolds and cobordism.
Reasoning with uncertainty and context-dependent languages

A topos of presheaves can be seen as an extension of classical set theory, where sets vary over informational states, therefore it is a powerful and expressive mathematical framework. I introduce a suitable topos of presheaves where imprecise probabilities and imprecise probabilistic reasoning can be represented. In this way we obtain a mathematical deflnition of imprecise-probabilistic sets. A valid and complete proof system, w.r.t. the intended semantics of imprecise probabilities, is described using the internal language of the
STORMS, INVESTOR DECISIONS, AND THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE

Past research on the economic impacts of aclimate-induced sea level rise has been based on thegradual erosion of the shoreline, and humanadaptation. Erosion which is accelerated by sea levelrise may also increase the vulnerability to stormdamage by decreasing the distance between the shoreand structures, and by eroding protective coastalfeatures (dunes). We present methods of assessingthis storm damage in coastal regions where structuralprotection is not pursued. Starting from the boundingcases of no foresight and perfectforesight of Yohe et al. (1996), we use adisaggregated analysis which models the random natureof storms, and models market valuation and privateinvestor decisions dynamically. Using data from theNational Flood Insurance Program and a hypotheticalcommunity, we estimate that although the total stormdamage can be large, the increase in storm damageattributable to sea level rise is small (<5% oftotal sea level rise damages). These damages,however, could become more significant under otherreasonable assumptions or where dune erosion increasesstorm damage.
Direct conversion of carbon nanofibers into diamond nanofibers using nanosecond pulsed laser annealing

Here, we show the direct conversion of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) into diamond nanofibers (DNFs) by irradiating CNFs with an ArF nanosecond laser at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The nanosecond laser pulses melt the tips of CNFs into a highly undercooled state, and their subsequent quenching results in the formation of DNFs. This formation of DNFs is dependent on the degree of undercooling which is controlled by nanosecond laser energy density and one-dimensional heat flow characteristics in CNFs. The conversion process starts at the top and extends with the number of pulses. Therefore, our highly non-equilibrium nanosecond laser processing opens a new avenue for the synthesis of exciting pure and doped diamond structures at ambient temperatures and pressures for a variety of applications.
Engaging Teenagers in Asynchronous Online Groups to Design for Stress Management

Teenagers have unique needs for mental wellbeing that can be supported by interactive technologies. Teens also have valuable input in the design of technology, so designers and researchers must seek new methods for involving them in the design process. We enrolled 23 unacquainted teenagers in an Asynchronous Remote Communities (ARC) study consisting of two private online groups. Teens participated in 10 weekly design activities on stress management across three months. We found that teens sought support from technology tailored to their perception of control in stressful contexts, developing sense of self, and varying social needs, including asking for no intervention from others. Teens appreciated that the ARC design experience allowed for flexibility in participation and supported selective disclosure. However, there were limited interactions between teenagers online. Reflecting on our study, we provide design implications for tools to support teenager mental health and discuss how the ARC method can be adapted for designing with teenagers.