cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid phosphazene anodes for energy storage applications

Abstract The use of hybrid cyclic phosphazene polymer/graphite anodes, where the phosphazene serves as distributed loci for Li deposition, has been investigated. Capacity within the hybrid system was found to occur reversibly in distinct regions. At the most positive voltages, above 0.06 V vs Li/Li+, the capacity was associated mostly with Li+ intercalation into graphite. In the most negative region, deposition of Li within the polymer was the predominate mechanism. A transitional region is inferred by the data whereby bulk aggregation or clustering of Li atoms occurs in proximity to the phosphazene sites that then serve as a template for more widespread population of Li within the anode at higher voltages, akin to a nucleation process. In full cells with a mixed oxide cathode, controlling the extent of Li deposition by limiting the charging voltage to 4.45 V enabled repeated cycling with no loss in capacity. Capacities as high as 183 mAh g−1 have been achieved for systems containing as little as 10% graphite while retaining coulombic efficiencies of 98% over 50 cycles. This level of cycling equates to the deposition of 7.4 Li per cyclic phosphazene.
Quantum gravity in the very early universe

Abstract General relativity describes the gravitational field geometrically and in a self-interacting way because it couples to all forms of energy, including its own. Both features make finding a quantum theory difficult, yet it is important in the high-energy regime of the very early universe. This review article introduces some of the results for the quantum nature of space-time which indicate that there is a discrete, atomic picture not just for matter but also for space and time. At high energy scales, such deviations from the continuum affect the propagation of matter, the expansion of the universe, and perhaps even the form of symmetries such as Lorentz or CP transformations. All these effects may leave traces detectable by sensitive measurements, as pointed out here by examples.
Rapid identification of bacteria with miniaturized pyrolysis/GC analysis

Identification of bacteria and other biological moieties finds a broad range of applications in the environmental, biomedical, agricultural, industrial, and military arenas. Linking these applications are biological markers such as fatty acids, whose mass spectral profiles can be used to characterize biological samples and to distinguish bacteria at the gram-type, genera, and even species level. Common methods of sample analysis require sample preparation that is both lengthy and labor intensive, especially for whole cell bacteria. The background technique relied on here utilizes chemical derivatization of fatty acids to the more volatile fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which can be separated on a gas chromatograph column or input directly into a mass spectrometer. More recent publications demonstrate improved sample preparation time with in situ derivatization of whole bacterial samples using pyrolysis at the inlet; although much faster than traditional techniques, these systems still rely on bench-top analytical equipment and individual sample preparation. Development of a miniaturized pyrolysis/GC instrument by this group is intended to realize the benefits of FAME identification of bacteria and other biological samples while further facilitating sample handling and instrument portability. The technologies being fabricated and tested have the potential of achieving pyrolysis and FAME separation on a very small scale, with rapid detection time (1-10 min from introduction to result), and with a modular sample inlet. Performance results and sensor characterization will be presented for the first phase of instrument development, encompassing the microfabricated pyrolysis and gas chromatograph elements.
A follow-up study of hospitalized suicidal children

Follow-up evaluations were performed on 73 children and adolescents, aged 6 to 16, who represented 96% of a previously reported sample of suicidal, depressed, and control groups discharged from an inpatient psychiatric unit. Telephone interviews were conducted an average of 18 months after discharge with their parents, legal guardians, or designated mental health personnel. Compared to nonsuicidal controls, suicidal children, who were equally as well-adjusted, were more frequently sent at discharge to long-term placements outside the parental home. Those who attempted suicide after discharge used this behavior to mobilize significant others to alter their living arrangements.
Assembly of [FenSn(SPh)4]2- (n = 2, 4) and their iron-thiolate precursors in aqueous media

Les sels de tetraalkylammonium de [Fe n S n (SPh) n ] 2− n=2,4 qui sont des sites actifs analogues synthetiques dans des proteines peuvent etre prepares avec un rendement de 80% a partir de PhSH|FeCl 3 |S=4|1|1 dans un milieu tampon aqueux |CH 3 CN|Triton X-100=90|5|5 vol% a pH∼8. Caracteres generaux des reactions des amas en milieu aqueux
Effects of gonadectomy and sex hormone administration on accessory reproductive organs of protein-deficient rats.

SummaryInvolution of accessory reproductive organs of male rats fed a 0% protein diet was accentuated by gonadectomy, attesting to residual testis function in intact protein-depleted rats. Sex accessories of gonadectomized protein-deficient rats responded to the same low levels of estradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate effective in gonadectomized control animals, indicating that sensitivity of these organs to exogenous hormone was unaffected by the diet. A subnormal response of accessory organs to high doses of testosterone was noted, however, in male protein-deficient rats.
Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Over the past decade there have been considerable changes in the classification and imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Radiology now has a considerable role in the management of JIA, the differential diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and detecting complications. The different imaging modalities available, their role and limitations are discussed in this article and the various disease features that the radiologist should be aware of are described. An approach to the imaging of the child with joint disease and in the monitoring of disease complications are also discussed.
Policy Convergence, State Film-Production Incentives, and Employment: A Brief Case Study

Between 1992 and 2009, 44 of the American states adopted incentive programs to encourage film production. The primary focus of this paper is to report on a case study of state and national film-production employment during a period (1997-2011) when states were spending substantial treasure and effort to encourage film production. The paper further speculates as to the forces behind convergence of policy around film-production incentives. Ultimately, the evidence suggests that state efforts to attract film-production employment were largely ineffective and perhaps a zero-sum game.
K-band phased-array antenna system demonstration using substrate guided wave true-time delay

A novel 3-bit optical true-time delay module that can provide 64 time delays ranging from 0 to 443.03 ps is presented. The total inser- tion loss, including the propagation loss and the 1-to-64 fan-out loss is confirmed to be less than 20 dB. The crosstalk among channels is mea- sured to be less than 240 dB. The bandwidth of the fully packaged module is determined to be as high as 539 GHz. This true-time delay module is employed to control an eight-element K-band phased array antenna system. Far-field patterns covering 18 to 26.5 GHz are mea- sured and compared with the simulated results to verify this module's wide instantaneous bandwidth. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1578084)
The effect of steroids on mitosis and maintenance of pregnancy in spayed rats.

Rats were ovariectomized on the eighth day of pregnancy and either 10 or 20 mg of progesterone, 10 mg of progesterone with 1 μg estradiol benzoate or 1 μg estradiol benzoate alone were administered between the eighth and twelfth day. On the twelfth day tritiated thymidine was injected to study mitoses in the junctional zone cells of the placenta by autoradiography, and tracings of spontaneous uterine contractions were made. Twenty milligrams of progesterone daily sustained pregnancy to the twelfth day in spayed rats as effectively as it was sustained in the untreated normal rats; 10 mg progesterone daily was less effective and 10 mg progesterone with 1 μg estradiol benzoate did not maintain normal pregnancy. Progesterone produced normal rates of mitosis in the placental trophoblast cells of spayed rats. No correlation was found between the maintenance of pregnancy and decreased contractions of the myometrium in this study. The injection of 20 mg progesterone produced patterns of contraction similar to the normal contraction patterns and differing from those found in spayed rats and in rats injected with 10 mg progesterone, progesterone and estradiol benzoate or estradiol benzoate alone. It is concluded that a sufficient supply of progesterone maintains both normal mitotic activity in the trophoblastic cells and normal patterns of contraction by the muscle of the uterus.
The Ethics of Caring for Patients With HIV or AIDS

Health care professionals encounter many ethical issues in the care ofpersons who are HIVpositive or who have been diagnosed as having AIDS. Such issues include the allocation ofscarce resources for research and health care; the use ofvarious methods ofdisease control, including mandatory testing, forced isolation, informing ofsexual partners, and education; and the determination of the responsibility to treat infected patients. These issues are presented as a stimulus to readers to examine their own attitudes regarding HIV and AIDS. The usefulness and limitations ofoc­ cupational therapy's professional code in resolving ethical dilemmas are discussed, followed by the de­ scnption ofa process that can be used to analyze and solve these dilemmas.
Nonhuman test of a new active body support system for improving locomotion training

This paper describes the results of a nonhuman test of the concept of a new active body-weight support (BWS) system for improving treadmill-based locomotion rehabilitation. The BWS system can offload not only partial body weight but also partial body mass and thus reduce the dynamic load of the patient who is supported by the system during locomotion training. Due to safety requirements, a cam-slider based testbed has been designed to facilitate the nonhuman test of the new BWS method before human subject testing is developed. The nonhuman test results demonstrated that the new method performs satisfactorily as designed for.
Mid-infrared (5–100 μm) reflectance spectra and optical constants of ten phyllosilicate minerals

We have derived the real and imaginary indices of refraction for 10 phyllosilicate minerals—montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, hectorite, saponite, illite, illite–smectite (60/40 interlayered) kaolinite, halloysite, and serpentine—from 100–2000 cm^(−1) (5–100 μm) at 2 cm^(−1) spectral sampling using classical Lorentz–Lorenz dispersion theory. We present the real and imaginary indices and the oscillator parameters with which they were modeled. Use of these optical constants will aid in the modeling of thermal infrared spectra of planets, asteroids, interplanetary and interstellar dust, and protoplanetary disks around nearby stars.
A quasilinearization approach for the transient response of bodies with surface radiation

Abstract The transient temperature of a plate, cylinder or sphere subject to radiation at the surface has been formulated by the quasilinearization method. The calculative procedure is based on successive solutions of the same problem but with convection at the surface. It is demonstrated that this relatively simple approach enables fast and accurate computation of the transient temperature in a few iterations. Good agreement is found with existing results involving more elaborate methods.
Toward a Graphical User Interface for Grid Services

The goal of the UNCW Grid project is to produce a user-friendly graphical environment for assembling and executing Grid applications. In this paper, we provide examples of the work done for this ongoing project. In particular we demonstrate a ?drag-and-drop? approach to assembling complex Grid applications from individual Grid services. We also show how our graphical environment interacts with existing services to install and execute user applications on remote machines.
Antireflection Coatings for Silicon in the 2.5-50-microm Region.

It has been found that vacuum-deposited films of CsI, AgCl, TlBr, and TlCl are useful as antireflection coatings for silicon over a broad spectral range in the infrared. Measurements performed on a plane-parallel silicon plate coated with various thicknesses of the above materials yield transmittance values ranging from 99% at λ = 2.9 μm to 88% at λ = 27 μm. Experimental details of the coating process and properties of the coatings are discussed.
Methods to manipulate the output of dissociated living neuronal network in vitro by the electrical input

In dissociated neurons, we induced a long lasting modification of synaptic transmission, and found out that functional connections between neurons in the living neuronal network was changed dynamically by a transient increase of electrical activities of the whole neural network. Using electrical inputs in the network, we were able to operate the spatio-temporal patterns autonomously stored in this neural network. The high frequency stimulation (HFS), which is known to trigger long-term potentiation in vivo, was suitable for that manipulation. We tried to make an association of a particular activity pattern with another pattern by simultaneous recall of stored pattern. After HFS, One of the divided subsets of patterns frequently merged to another one suggested that particular cue stimulation linked to two-stored pattern simultaneously. Although these are still preliminary results, they have suggested that it is possible to operate the information processing in a neural network by the external electrical inputs.
An 18µW 79dB-DR 20KHz-BW MASH ΔΣ modulator utilizing self-biased amplifiers for biomedical applications

This paper presents a micro power, area-efficient 4th-order MASH delta-sigma modulator based on a novel self-biased amplifiers for neural sensing applications. A high-gain self-biased CMOS amplifier is proposed to achieve low power operation. Floating correlated double sampling technique is devised to enhance the amplifer's gain-linearity and hence the modulator's SFDR and SNDR performance. Fabricated in a 0.13 µm CMOS process, the prototype achieves 71 dB peak SNDR and 79 dB peak DR over 20 KHz neural signal bandwidth, while occupying only 0.06 mm2 silicon area. By optimizing the power budgets for different amplifiers, the MASH modulator consumes only 18 µW from 1.5 V supply. The proposed circuit techniques can be applied to other operational transconductance amplifier-based circuits for low power, high speed, and area-efficient design.
Modeling the turn-off characteristics of the bipolar-MOS transistor

Since the turn-off speed of the new bipolar-MOS power transistor is slow compared to that of a MOSFET, it is important to understand the limiting mechanism and the prospect for future improvement. In this letter, it is demonstrated that the turnoff waveform can be explained by a model based on a simple equivalent circuit and the transistor open-base turn-off process. The model is applied to explore the impact of some process modifications on speed improvement and to study the tradeoff between speed and on-resistance.
What size cluster is like a surface

Abstract The sizes for which the surface free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cluster approach those of the bulk planar surface to any desired extent can be obtained from the relations given. Sizes are shown for a non-polar substance, for a polar substance (water), and for bare clusters of metal atoms.
Optimal apodization design for medical ultrasound using constrained least squares part II simulation results

For Part I see ibid., vol. 54, p. 332-342 (2007). In the first part of this work, we introduced a novel general ultrasound apodization design method using constrained least squares (CLS). The technique allows for the design of system spatial impulse responses with narrow mainlobes and low sidelobes. In the linear constrained least squares (LCLS) formulation, the energy of the point spread function (PSF) outside a certain mainlobe boundary was minimized while maintaining a peak gain at the focus. In the quadratic constrained least squares (QCLS) formulation, the energy of the PSF outside a certain boundary was minimized, and the energy of the PSF inside the boundary was held constant. In this paper, we present simulation results that demonstrate the application of the CLS methods to obtain optimal system responses. We investigate the stability of the CLS apodization design methods with respect to errors in the assumed wave propagation speed. We also present simulation results that implement the CLS design techniques to improve cystic resolution. According to novel performance metrics, our apodization profiles improve cystic resolution by 3 dB to 10 dB over conventional apodizations such as the Hat, Hamming, and Nuttall windows. We also show results using the CLS techniques to improve conventional depth of field (DOF)
A QUARTER CENTURY OF INDUSTRIAL WATER USE AND A DECADE OF DISCHARGE CONTROLS

This paper explores the trends in industrial water intake, discharge, recycling, and gross water use to see whether or not the 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA) has had an impact on industrial effluent discharge.
Multiple nerve dysfunction after carpal tunnel release

A case is reported of the delayed onset of multiple nerve dysfunction after simple carpal tunnel release. The patient received a local anesthetic with the use of an arm tourniquet. The multiple dysfunctions included radial sensory and motor dysfunction at 5 days, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome at 33 days, and ulna intrinsic motor loss between 33 and 77 days after operation. There was no recovery in the radial or anterior interosseous nerves after 5 months of conservative management. At operation the radial nerve was compressed by the intermuscular septum, and the anterior interosseous nerve was compressed by the superficialis arcade. Decompression was followed by complete recovery.
Particle Size Estimation in Ice-Phase Clouds Using Multifrequency Radar Reflectivity Measurements at 95, 33, and 2.8 GHz

Abstract Multifrequency radar measurements collected at 2.8 (S band), 33.12 (Ka band), and 94.92 GHz (W band) are processed using a neural network to estimate median particle size and peak number concentration in ice-phase clouds composed of dry crystals or aggregates. The model data used to train the neural network assume a gamma particle size distribution function and a size–density relationship having decreasing density with size. Results for the available frequency combinations show sensitivity to particle size for distributions with median volume diameters greater than approximately 0.2 mm. Measurements are presented from the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment, which was held near Darwin, Australia, during November and December 1995. The University of Massachusetts—Amherst 33.12/94.92-GHz Cloud Profiling Radar System, the NOAA 2.8-GHz profiler, and other sensors were clustered near the village of Garden Point, Melville Island, where numerous convective storms were observed. Attenuation losses...
The Treatment of Bee Diseases in the U.S.A.

In this article Dr. C. L. Farrar describes some of the different methods which are being used in the United States to control bee diseases. Apiary inspectors charged with official inspection under existing State laws are required to burn all colonies infected with A.F.B., and it is the general consensus of opinion among apiary inspectors that the burning laws are necessary for the protection of the beekeeping industry. There is no law prohibiting beekeepers from using drugs to control bee diseases. The author recommends that existing State laws regulating the control of A.F.B, be maintained and enforced; the presence of disease in any apiary is regarded as a menace to other beekeepers, and an indication that the owner is not using proper measures to control diseases.The article is reprinted with permission from Glean. Bee Cult. 84(4): 207–211, 218 (1956).
Shock Waves in a Model Particulate Composite

Propagation of shock waves in heterogeneous media is examined. A model particulate composite is proposed, consisting of silica glass spheres (100–200 μm diameter) embedded in a poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix. Various volume fractions and particle sizes will be examined to determine and optimum configuration for dissipation of energy as the shock passes through the sample thickness. Composite fabrication techniques are discussed and an experimental and modeling approach is proposed.
Floor Response Spectra for Equipment

Procedures for the seismic qualification of equipment in nuclear power plants are discussed in this technical note. A procedure recently developed by Singh which allows one to generate floor response spectra for equipment directly from the ground response spectra for the structure, are considered in detail. Situations in which these procedures are not applicable are enumerated.
Introduction to Trust and Honesty in the Real World: A Joint Course for Lawyers, Business People and Regulators

Open any newspaper and you are likely to find stories of financial scandals, frauds and questionable ethical behavior in the business and professional worlds. The latest and lasting scandals in corporate America touched the highest level of corporate management and professional firms raising the question of whether business leaders are being taught the value of trust and honesty. Yet the very fabric of our economic prosperity and social stability are woven with trust and honesty. Distrust and dishonesty are not new. However, we appear to be at a tipping point where we run the risk of a culture that accepts and justifies corporate abuse of trust and dishonesty. The consequences include higher costs, slower growth and less freedom. The goal of these course materials is to help students and seasoned practitioners recognize the ease with which trust and honesty can be lost, understand the impact of the business environment and social culture on trust and honesty, and explore measures to reinforce and, if necessary, restore trust and honesty in the business world. These course materials are founded on Trust and Honesty, American's Business Culture at a Crossroad (Frankel, 2006). The centerpiece of each module in this book is a case study drawn from actual business experience. Assigned readings from Trust and Honesty provide context for each teaching module. The case study assessments and discussions are used to highlight and illustrate the issues in more specific and practical terms. They demonstrate the complexity and indeterminacy of the issues. Role plays are provided with each module to provide the students with opportunities to test their ideas, simulate real life situations, manage tradeoffs and build consensus with their peers.
Is the crowd better as an assistant or a replacement in ontology engineering? An exploration through the lens of the Gene Ontology

Display Omitted Experts identified 16 errors, mainly related to acids and metals.Definition quality and task difficulty affect crowd performance significantly.The number of Internet search results could help identify "easy" crowd tasks.The crowd fits best as an assistant, helping experts with their verification tasks. Biomedical ontologies contain errors. Crowdsourcing, defined as taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent and outsourcing it to an undefined large group of people, provides scalable access to humans. Therefore, the crowd has the potential to overcome the limited accuracy and scalability found in current ontology quality assurance approaches. Crowd-based methods have identified errors in SNOMED CT, a large, clinical ontology, with an accuracy similar to that of experts, suggesting that crowdsourcing is indeed a feasible approach for identifying ontology errors. This work uses that same crowd-based methodology, as well as a panel of experts, to verify a subset of the Gene Ontology (200 relationships). Experts identified 16 errors, generally in relationships referencing acids and metals. The crowd performed poorly in identifying those errors, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.44 to 0.73, depending on the methods configuration. However, when the crowd verified what experts considered to be easy relationships with useful definitions, they performed reasonably well. Notably, there are significantly fewer Google search results for Gene Ontology concepts than SNOMED CT concepts. This disparity may account for the difference in performance - fewer search results indicate a more difficult task for the worker. The number of Internet search results could serve as a method to assess which tasks are appropriate for the crowd. These results suggest that the crowd fits better as an expert assistant, helping experts with their verification by completing the easy tasks and allowing experts to focus on the difficult tasks, rather than an expert replacement.
Abstract W P216: Recognition Of Stroke By EMS Is Associated With Improved Emergency Department Quality Of Care

Objective: Hospital arrival via Emergency Medical Services (EMS) has been associated with faster evaluation and treatment of stroke. Among stroke cases presenting via EMS, we sought to determine if accurate recognition of stroke by prehospital providers was associated with increased quality of care in the Emergency Department (ED). Methods: Single center retrospective study of patients presenting via EMS between September 2009 and October 2012 with a discharge diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke (IS) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Hospital and EMS databases were used to determine dispatcher and EMS provider impression, pre-hospital and in-hospital time intervals, EMS prenotification, NIH stroke scale (NIHSS), symptom duration and use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Multivariable models were constructed to determine independent associations. Results: There were 399 cases identified: 14.5% TIA, 67.2% IS, and 18.3% ICH. Dispatchers correctly identified 58.2% of cases and EMS providers correctly recognized 57.6% of cases. Compared to cases missed by EMS, strokes that were correctly recognized had longer median on-scene time (17 vs. 15 min, p=0.01) but shorter transport times (12 vs. 15 min, p=0.001). Cases correctly recognized by EMS had shorter door-to-physician time (4 vs. 11 min, p<0.001) and shorter door to CT time (23 vs. 48 min, p<0.001). These associations were independent of age, NIHSS, symptom duration, and EMS prenotification (Door to Physician β = -4.42, p=0.027; Door to CT β= -18.81, p<0.001). Among the 268 ischemic stroke patients, 155 (57.8%) were correctly recognized by EMS. Cases correctly recognized by EMS were more likely to receive tPA (15.7% vs. 3.6%, p<0.001). This remained significant after adjusting for age, NIHSS, symptom duration and EMS prenotification (OR=5.54, p=0.006). Conclusion: Recognition of stroke by EMS providers was independently associated with faster door to physician time, faster door to CT time, and greater odds of receiving tPA. Quality initiatives to increase EMS recognition of stroke have the potential to improve hospital based quality of care and outcomes after stroke.
Misconceptions, Misdirection and Mistakes

Fisher was the principal economic witness for the Antitrust Division in Microsoft. This paper is a rebuttal piece to a paper by David S. Evans and Richard L. Schmalensee, the latter of whom was the principal economic witness for Microsoft. The paper points out that Microsoft did, in fact, harm consumers but beyond that, such harm is not and should not be a requisite for a finding of liability in an antitrust case. The antitrust laws are designed to protect competition, and competition is presumed to protect consumers.
Water Supply Regionalization: A Critical Evaluation

The Safe Drinking Water Act will cause a careful examination of the way water is handled before it is delivered to the consumer. A part of the “Act” explicitly encourages development of regional water supplies. Federal policy makers tend to interpret regionalization as meaning a centralized system with one single large-scale plant. There is nothing inherently wrong with this approach and there is some evidence that larger supplies provide high quality water. These “quality” and economies of scale arguments are examined and evidence is provided that there are limits to the efficient size of water supply systems. Given these limits, the issue to be considered is one of decentralized plants serving one regional authority versus independent systems. The efficiency of a regional authority might be maintained at the expense of losing individual political autonomy.
Tucking the inferior oblique muscle into Tenon's capsule following myectomy.

Purpose: Myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle is a common procedure used to correct overaction of this muscle. Previous descriptions of the surgery have not discussed how the surgeon should handle the proximal muscle stump following myectomy. This study examined the effectiveness of inferior oblique muscle myectomy with tucking of the muscle into Tenon's capsule for treatment of inferior oblique muscle overaction. Methods: The procedure was studied prospectively in 22 patients who underwent 32 inferior oblique muscle myectomies. In 18 patients, the intraoperative behavior of the inferior oblique muscle was recorded. Complete ocular motility examinations were performed before and after surgery. Success was defined as the elimination of inferior oblique muscle overaction and the elimination of hypertropia secondary to persistent ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle overaction in primary gaze. Results: The surgery corrected inferior oblique muscle overaction in 94% of eyes. Hypertropia secondary to persistent ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle overaction was eliminated in 92% of patients. There was no correlation between outcome and the intraoperative behavior of the inferior oblique muscle. Conclusion: Tucking of the inferior oblique muscle stump into Tenon's capsule is recommended following inferior oblique myectomy. This procedure is safe and effective for correcting inferior oblique muscle overaction.
Research Partners, Teaching Partners: A Collaboration between FYC Faculty and Librarians to Study Students’ Research and Writing Habits

In Spring 2012, instruction librarians collaborated with first year composition (FYC) faculty to study students’ research habits as they related to writing. We collected process narratives from students in the introductory FYC course at the beginning and end of the fall semester, and a group of librarians and FYC faculty coded them together. Although we did not achieve one of our initial research goals, we still gained valuable insight into how our students perceive sources and the research process. We applied what we learned to create new instructional materials and developed a valuable relationship with FYC faculty.
Isolated pelvic fluid in males on outpatient magnetic resonance imaging examinations: differences in incidence based on age.

PURPOSE Determine the incidence and amount of isolated pelvic fluid in males, stratified by age, on outpatient pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations performed for lower back or extremity pain. METHODS After institutional review board approval, 161 pelvic MRIs performed on males for musculoskeletal or neurologic indications over an 18-month period were retrospectively reviewed for isolated pelvic fluid by 2 radiologists. Patients with a potential etiology for the fluid were excluded. Volume and maximal 2-dimensional measurements of fluid were calculated. Statistical analysis included logistic regression, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and χ tests. RESULTS Twenty (44.4%) of 45 patients 5 to 29 years old, 5 (10%) of 50 patients 30 to 49 years old, and 4 (6.1%) of 66 patients older than 50 years had isolated pelvic fluid (P < 0.001). Mean volume of fluid was 2.5 mL; 97% (28/29) had less than 10 mL. Mean maximal 2-dimensional measurement was 2.1 cm; 93% (27/29) had less than 6 cm(2). CONCLUSIONS Isolated fluid is greater than 7 times more common on outpatient pelvic MRIs in males younger than 30 years compared with men older than 49 years. Fluid rarely exceeded 10 mL or 6 cm(2).
The efficacy in Navajo infants of a conjugate vaccine consisting of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and Neisseria meningitidis outer-membrane protein complex.

Background and Methods. Several conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b have been developed in the search for one that induces protection even in young infants. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a conjugate vaccine that links the H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide to the outer-membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Navajo infants, who are at high risk for systemic infections caused by H. influenzae type b. The infants were randomly assigned to receive the first dose of vaccine or placebo at 42 to 90 days of age and the second at 70 to 146 days of age. Results. Of the infants in the trial, 2588 were assigned to receive the vaccine and 2602 to receive placebo. The mean follow-up was 269 days in the vaccine group and 267 days in the placebo group. Before the age of 18 months, there was 1 systemic H. influenzae type b infection in the vaccine group, as compared with 22 in the placebo group...
The Status of Environmental Pollutions and Human Health Effects of Phthalates

Phthalates,mainly used as plasticizer,is a kind of environmental endocrine disrupting compounds.In this paper, the pollution level,transport and transformation of phthalates in environment were reviewed.In addition,human exposure to phthalates and its pathways were also discussed.
Research on the Dormancy-breaking of Alfalfa Seed with Hormone

[Objective] The response of alfalfa seed germination to the exogenous hormone was researched in the experiment.[Method] The filter papers as germination bed were soaked with 0.1,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 μmol/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),gibberellic acid(GA3),abscisic acid(ABA),NAA,ethephon,indole acetic acid(IAA) and indole butyric acid(IBA),respectively,and then each 50 alfalfa seeds were put on each paper for their germination testing and the paper soaked with the distilled water was used as the control.The germination rate,germination energy,germination index and germination days were analyzed and compared.[Results] The exogenous hormone: 6-BA,GA3,IBA and ethephon,could promote the germination of alfalfa seeds while they were above a certain concentration.The efficiency of 6-BA,GA3 and ethephon on seed germination was stronger than that of IBA.NAA and IAA had the inhibition role in alfalfa seed germination at low concentration but the inhibition could be removed with the increment of the concentration of the NAA and IAA.The ABA inhibited the alfalfa seed germination and the order of inhibition was ABA IAA NAA.[Conclusion] The reference data was provided which could be beneficial to clarifying the relationship between the mechanism of alfalfa seed dormancy/germination and the regulation of the hormone.
On the Study of Improving Students'Practical Competence in Wushu Majoring in Normal Universities

The paper is intended to discuss about how to improve students'practical competence in Whshu majoring of physical education department in normal universities and open out how to carry out qualification education to cultivate satisfying talents.
Studies concerning the pathogenesis of Gaucher's disease.

1. The serum of normal individuals and of patients with Gaucher’s disease does not contain cerebrosides in measurable amounts. Cerebrosides in Gaucher’s disease are increased only in those organs containing abundant numbers of cells characteristic of the disease. 2. Normal red blood cells contain approximately 0.19 per cent cerebrosides. The cerebroside in red blood cells is a galactosidocerebroside. 3. Red blood cells in Gaucher’s disease do not differ quantitatively and qualitatively in their cerebroside content from the red blood cells of normal individuals. 4. In four different cases of Gaucher’s disease separate determinations of splenic galactosido- and glucosidocerebrosides were made. The spleen of two adults showed mainly glucosidocerebrosides and only traces of galactosidocerebrosides, while the analysis of the spleen of two other adults showed that galactosido- as well as glucosidocerebrosides may be accumulated simultaneously in Gaucher cells. These findings are of importance, since it is demonstrated that the deviation of the cerebroside metabolism in Gaucher cells not only results in the formation of an abnormal glucosidocerebroside, but also may lead to the increased formation of the normal galactosidocerebroside, kerasin. It is demonstrated that the relative proportions of galactosido- and glucosidocerebrosides in Gaucher cells may differ considerably in individual cases. 5. The organs of infantile siblings with "generalized infantile Gaucher’s" disease were analyzed. The organs of one infant showed mainly galactosidocerebrosides while in the organs of the other sibling both kinds of cerebrosides, glucosido- as well as galactosidocerebrosides, were present. 6. The findings reported in this paper lend support to the theory that Gaucher’s disease is the result of a deviation of the intracellular metabolism of reticulum cells and histiocytes. The cerebrosides are not transported by the serum or by the red blood cells and secondarily deposited in the cells involved, but are formed and stored in the reticulum cells and histiocytes were they are found.
Granulocyte function in experimental human endotoxemia.

The effects of endotoxin administration on in vitro granulocyte function were studied in normal man. Four healthy volunteers received an intravenous injection of Pseudomonas endotoxin, 0.1 mug/kg. Endotoxemia resulted in transient neutropenia followed by a rebound neutrophilia. The nadir of the granulocyte count occurred at about 1 hr and maximal neutrophilia 2–4 hr after endotoxin administration. Throughout this time period, neutrophil phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans were normal, as were resting and postphagocytic glucose metabolism and leukocyte random migration. However, postendotoxin neutrophils demonstrated a markedly decreased chemotactic response in Boyden chambers. The defect was maximal 1 hr after endotoxin administration and persisted 3–4 hr. These observations suggest that, in addition to neutropenia, endotoxin can transiently cause a chemotactic defect or select for a population of circulating neutrophils with an impairment of chemotactic activity.
Clinical evaluation of the new Harvey H200 disposable blood oxygenator

A total of 24 animals and 82 consecutive patients were perfused to evaluate the efficiency of the Harvey H200 blood oxygenator. In patients the oxygen-blood flow ratio averaged 1:1 to give an average Po2 of 213 mm. Hg and a Pco2 of 31 mm. Hg. Heat exchanger efficiency was more than ample for moderate hypothermia (27 to 28° C.). The hemolysis rate was low—78 mg. per 100 c.c. of blood (average) in perfusions lasting up to 4 hours. Only 150 c.c. of blood was held up in the oxygenator, which allowed priming volumes as low as 500 c.c. for use in infants. These data suggest that the Harvey H200 model is a versatile and stable oxygenator that can be utilized under various clinical conditions.
Analysis of mRNP Complexes Assembled in Vitro

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the analysis of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes assembled in vitro. Analysis of sequence-specific interactions between Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins is essential for defining the biochemistry of the posttranscriptional steps in gene expression and in understanding a broad range of corresponding genetic controls. Sequential steps in RNA synthesis and expression in which RNA–protein interactions are central include: (1) transcript splicing, (2) 3′ processing, nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport, subcytoplasmic localization, (3) translational modulation, and (4) determination of messenger RNAs (mRNA) stability. The gel retardation or electromobility shift assay is the simplest and perhaps the most widely used method for investigating protein-nucleic acid interactions in vitro. This chapter discusses in detail about the complex formation including preparation of cytoplasmic S100 extracts, and preparation of RNA probe. Detection of RNP complexes is also elaborated. The chapter discusses about analysis of RNP complexes identified by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. Direct analysis of protein constituents of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes by transfer to membranes is elaborated in depth. The chapter also explains analysis of resolved complexes excised from the gel.
Filipino and Korean Immigrants in Small Business: A Comparative Analysis

The 1965 Immigration Act has accelerated immigration from Asian countries, especially from the Philippines and Korea. Nearly a half million Filipinos and about four hundred thousand Koreans were admitted to this country as legal immigrants between 1970 and 1982.' In recent years Filipinos comprised the second largest immigrant group after Mexican immigrants. Koreans ranked third overall in terms of numbers. As a result, recent immigrants constitute the vast majority for both groups. The 1980 Census indicates that about 65 percent of Filipino Americans and 82 percent of Korean Americans are foreign born.* Filipino and Korean immigrants are very similar in their pre-immigrant background and motives for imrnigrati~n.~ Both were recruited from the educated, urban, middle-class stratum of their societies. Most were engaged in white-collar and professional occupations. The vast majority of Filipinos and Koreans, unlike Southeast Asian refugees, immigrated on a voluntary basis to promote their life chances. In spite of these similarities, however, these two immigrant groups show one significant difference in their occupational adjustment in the United States. While Koreans have earned their reputation as a trading minority comparable to the Jews, Filipinos are greatly underrepresented in small business. The 1980 Census, for example, indicates that 12.2 percent of those Koreans who immigrated between 1970 and 1980 are self-employed in comparison to 1.6 percent of Filipino worker^.^ The proportion of self
Bioleaching of rare earth elements from waste phosphors and cracking catalysts

Abstract Microbial cultures were evaluated for organic acid production and their potential utility for leaching of rare earth elements (REE) from retorted phosphor powder (RPP) and spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. Two bacterial and one fungal strain were isolated from environmental and industrial materials known to contain REE and compared to the industrially important bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans. Gluconic acid was the predominant organic acid product identified in all of the cultures. Maximum REE leaching (49% of the total REE) from the FCC material was observed using cell-free culture supernatants of G. oxydans, with preferential recovery of lanthanum over cerium. The phosphor powder was more difficult to leach; only about 2% of the total REE was leached with G. oxydans. Leaching experiments with the RPP material indicated that the extent of REE solubilization was similar whether whole cell cultures or cell-free supernatants were used. Abiotic control experiments showed that increasing gluconic acid concentrations increased leaching efficiency; for example, total REE leaching from FCC catalyst increased from 24% to 45% when gluconic acid was increased from 10 mM to 90 mM. However, G. oxydans cell-free culture supernatants containing 10–15 mM gluconic acid were more effective than abiotically prepared leaching solutions with higher gluconic acid concentrations, suggesting that other exudate components were important too. Our results indicate that microorganisms producing gluconic and other organic acids can induce effective leaching of REE from waste materials, and that increasing organic acid production will improve recovery.
Using Text Sets to Facilitate Critical Thinking in Sixth Graders.

ABSTRACTThis case study examines features and processes of a sixth grade teacher (Jane) utilizing text sets as a tool for facilitating critical thinking. Jane’s strong vision and student-centered beliefs informed her use of various texts to teach language arts as she worked to address demands of the Common Core State Standards. Text sets promoted multiple perspectives and fit with her beliefs about student empowerment. Despite contextual constraints, Jane used professional judgment to apply her learning from professional development to design and implement instruction. Findings support the idea that teachers need autonomy when choosing multiple texts across genres as well as effective strategies to engender critical thinking. Results can help guide further inquiry into types of teaching and classroom environments that facilitate or impede critical thinking.
El papel de las reglas fiscales en el control del endeudamiento: la debilidad institucional de los municipios mexicanos

El rapido e insostenible crecimiento de la deuda de gobiernos subnacionales en Mexico (estatal y municipal), ha cobrado importancia en los anos recientes en la medida en que el endeudamiento nuevo es usado para financiar partidas recurrentes de presupuesto o deficit de gasto anteriores. De acuerdo con la informacion de las Cuentas Publicas “los niveles de deuda del 2008 al 2011 se han incrementado, en terminos reales, de $11 a $22 trillones de dolares americanos, respectivamente. Esto representa en si mismo un incremento del 92.4%” (ASF, 2012). El endurecimiento de las restricciones de gasto (soft budget constraints) , incluso cuando los gobiernos estan usando deuda para financiar partidas de presupuesto recurrentes, ha sido utilizado por muchos gobiernos subnacionales (incluso paises) para reformar su prodigalidad en el gasto. Sin embargo, estas medidas de reforma tienen que ser mejor comprendidas en el contexto de America Latina. El proposito de esta investigacion es explicar la ausencia de una regulacion apropiada para la deuda subnacional y trata de explicar porque un endurecimiento del marco regulatorio o de las “reglas fiscales” se necesitan a traves de un instrumento mas fuerte de sanciones. Un modelo econometrico que utiliza datos de 2,400 gobiernos municipales para el periodo de 2000 a 2012 es utilizado para demostrar como construir restricciones de gasto fuertes en Mexico. El modelo incluye variables que ayudan a fortalecer el marco institucional, y en consecuencia, hacer posible el proponer un instrumento mejorado para reducir y regular apropiadamente la deuda subnacional.