cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interorganizational information systems in support of manufacturing networking

Networking among small manufacturing firms is a growing phenomenon. New initiatives will be enabled as small manufacturers begin to build IS infrastructures, driven by decreasing costs, increased customer pressure for EDI capabilities, growing interest in and easier access to external databases, and competitive requirements for rapid response. While information systems are expected to became a major factor in supporting manufacturing networking, they will not be sufficient to establish and manage these networks. A new type of intermediary, the trust intermediary will assure reliance on and maintain confidence in this type of relationship. IS support will help these networks quickly respond to opportunities in a highly competitive global environment. Using some exploratory case studies, this paper illustrates several models to develop trust and IS support for different forms of collaboration among small manufacturing firms.
Oxidation of substituted 4-fluorobenzaldehydes: Application to the no-carrier-added syntheses of 4-[18F]fluoroguaiacol and 4-[18F]fluorocatechol

The synthesis of 4-[ ‘8F]fluoroguaiacol (4-[ ‘“FJfluoro-2-methoxyphenol) has been achieved in no-carrieradded form starting from 2-methoxy-4-nitrobenzaldehyde, using nucleophilic aromatic substitution by [ ‘“Flfluoride followed by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the benzaldehyde to the phenol. Demethylation with boron tribromide gave 4-[ ‘*F]fluorocatechol (1,2-dihydroxy-4-[ ‘sF]fluorobenzene) with an overall yield of 18.-28% (EOB) in less than 2 h synthesis time. The fluorine-18 labeled intermediates and products were identical to standards of 4-fluoroguaiacol and 4-fluorocatechol prepared by the same methods. This represents a new approach to the synthesis of fluorinated phenols in fluorine-19 and fluorine-18 forms.
Parameter Setting in EAs: a 30 Year Perspective

Summary. Parameterized evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been a standard part of the Evolutionary Computation community from its inception. The widespread use and applicability of EAs is due in part to the ability to adapt an EA to a particular problem-solving context by tuning its parameters. However, tuning EA parameters can itself be a challenging task since EA parameters interact in highly non-linear ways. In this chapter we provide a historical overview of this issue, discussing both manual (human-in-the-loop) and automated approaches, and suggesting when a particular strategy might be appropriate.
Impact of Passenger Train Capacity and Level of Service on Shared Rail Corridors with Multiple Types of Freight Trains

The North American rail network is experiencing capacity constraints because of traffic growth and increases in traffic heterogeneity. Further increases in speed and frequency of passenger service will combine with record levels of crude oil carload and intermodal traffic to demand even more network capacity. Understanding the interaction between passenger trains and this mix of freight traffic can help railroads develop effective strategies to improve network capacity and mitigate delay. Although previous research has focused on heterogeneity between two train types, actual rail lines are subject to multiple classes of trains such as passenger, priority intermodal, manifest, and bulk freight trains. To understand this environment better, this study presents a capacity evaluation process to analyze the performance of lines serving three train types. Although any combination of three train types can be considered, this study focuses on the interaction of passenger, intermodal, and bulk freight trains. The ...
Optical tomography for flow field diagnostics

Optical tomography has been applied to an off-axis turbulent methane-air jet to determine the mean methane concentration throughout the mixing region. Optical tomography is a multi-angular absorption technique which involves making M line of sight absorption measurements (projections) at N angles. These MxN measurements are then used to reconstruct the original two-dimensional flow field. Absorption measurements were made on methane using the near-resonance 3.39 micron line of a He-Ne laser. Mean concentration measurements were obtained at three positions downstream of the jet exit plane. Comparisons with the results of previous workers for the axial and radial mean concentration profiles show good agreement. Additionally, the sensitivity of the reconstructed results to the number of angles and scans used is briefly described. The results demonstrate the unique capabilities of optical tomography for flow field diagnostics.
Moisture Adsorption in Plasma-Damaged Porous Low-k Dielectrics

Plasma etch/ash processes can induce changes in low-k film surface/bulk chemistries and topographies resulting in increased water absorption, surface roughness, and metal intrusion. After ashing, the altered surface character of the low-k can impact wetting, adhesion, and, consequently, the resistance of subsequently deposited barrier layers. In this work, we describe the use of deuterium oxide as means of measuring moisture penetration into low-k films. Film chemistries have been monitored using grazing angle attenuated total reflectance (GATR) and transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To study moisture absorption in porous spin-on and CVD low-k films, unashed and ashed films have been exposed to D2O liquid and vapor treatments under “dry” nitrogen. The extent of D 2 O uptake, removal and exchange reactions has been studied using transmission and GATR FTIR methods because the D 2 O and O-D adsorption peaks are distinct from water and O-H as well as other low-k adsorptions. This method can be used to study Si-OH species because deuterium can exchange with hydrogen within silanols under ambient conditions while methyl groups are much less likely to exchange. Three different low-k films, a porous spin-on MSQ (k=2.2), a porous CVD (k=2.3), and an organosilicate glass (OSG, k=2.85) have been used. In FTIR spectra, unashed low-k films show minimal D 2 O adsorption. In MSQ hydrogen-ashed films, the data suggest the presence of deuterium oxide and O-D peaks. Further, D 2 O adsorption appears to be considerably higher for ashed films as would be expected due to the hydrophobicity of these films. In the CVD films, there does not appear to be as marked a difference. This method permits the introduction of a chemical “marker” into low-k wet and ambient processes allowing one to distinguish among adsorptions from different aqueous sources.
Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber Collapse Theory and Whiteheadian Process Philosophy

There have been many attempts to undertand the connections between quantum theory and Whiteheadian process philosophy. However, due to the ontological considerations, it is very important to specify which interpretation of quantum theory one embraces before inquiring into the details of Whitehead`s philosophy of organism. In this article, I argue that Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber (GRW) collapse interpretation of quantum theory serves as a suitable point of departure for future endeavors. Comparisons with manyworlds interpretation and decoherence approach have also been provided.
Malignant Mixed Tumor of the Gallbladder

Multimorphic malignant tumors containing elements of two or more germ layers presenting as mixed tumors are rarely encountered in the gallbladder. A review of the literature revealed a report of a single case in which the histologic appearance was similar to that of the case reported herein. The malignant mixed tumor of the gallbladder appears to be a highly anaplastic and rapidly fatal neoplasm. It may be suspected by the presence of chondroid or myxoid tissue, or both, on gross examination.
Percentiles of LINMAP Conjoint Indices of Fit for Various Orthogonal Arrays: A Simulation Study

Conjoint analysis methodology is generally acknowledged to be an important and useful consumer research technique for preference assessment (Carmone, Green, and Jain 1978; Cattin and Wittink 1982; Malhotra 1982). Several computer algorithms are available for estimating a given conjoint analysis model, including MONANOVA (Kruskal 1965), PREFMAP (Carroll 1972), and LINMAP (Srinivasan and Shocker 1981). Another method is to perform ordinary least squares (OLS) with rank ordered preferences as the dependent variables and dummy treatment effect variables as the independent variables. It is of interest to note that MONANOVA, PREFMAP, and LINMAP may be thought of as deterministic in that they do not address statistical properties of model estimators. No matter which method is used, though, a measure of the quality of fit of the observed data to the estimated model is provided. In LINMAP, this measure is called "index of fit" and is denoted by C* (Srinivasan and Shocker 1981). The purpose of our note is to present and examine, through simulation, the behavior of the probability distribution of LINMAP's index of fit for a variety of experimental designs. Of the various estimation methods, LINMAP warrants study for several reasons. The statistical properties of
P1-11-06: Barriers to Enrollment in Cancer Therapeutic Clinical Trials: A Comprehensive Cancer Center Experience.

PURPOSE: Well-conducted cancer therapeutic clinical trials are essential for improving patient outcomes. Unfortunately, less than 5% of new cancer patients participate in clinical trials on average nationwide. Failure to recruit eligible patients represents a major impediment to the success of clinical trials. Barriers to patient accrual in cancer clinical trials must be identified and overcome to increase patient participation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 418 patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer seen at City of Hope Medical Center in 2009 was performed. Along with descriptive analysis of patient demographic data, logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of enrollment. RESULTS: Of the 418 new breast cancer patients in 2009, we determined that 138 (33%) were eligible for available therapeutic clinical trials at City of Hope. At the initial visits, physicians did not consider clinical trials in 32% (44/138) of these patients. Of the 138 eligible patients, 58% (80/138) of patients participated in clinical trials. The remainder (58/138, 42%) either declined trial participation despite meeting eligibility criteria (14/58, 24%), or were not considered for clinical trials by their respective physician (44/58, 76%). By logistic regression analysis, patients with Stages II and III disease were significantly more likely to enroll in clinical trials compared to those with stage 0 or I (OR=2.89, 95% CI, 1.17−7.12, P = .02; OR=9.17, 95% Cl, 2.65−31.76, P=0.0005;, respectively). Age, preferred language, marital status, family history of breast cancer, and race were not found to be significant predictors of enrollment in therapeutic clinical trials. CONCLUSION: While enrollment of eligible breast cancer patients onto therapeutic clinical trials at City of Hope is high (58%), overall the proportion going onto clinical trials remains low (80/418, 19%), though higher than national averages. We found that the majority of patients did not enroll due to lack of availability of a suitable trial, ineligibility, or lack of offering of trial enrollment by the treating MD. Barriers to cancer clinical trial accrual should be prospectively identified and addressed in future studies, with the hope of leading to more vigorous enrollment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-06.
Quantitation of renal uric acid synthesis in the chicken.

The contribution of uric acid synthesized in the kidney (nephrogenic uric acid) to the total uric acid excreted in the urine was studied in the chicken by use of the isotope-dilution technique. In the nonfasted chicken the urine-to-plasma specific activity ratio (SAR) of [14C]uric acid was 0.83, suggesting that a minimum of 17% of the uric acid excreted in the urine is synthesized in the kidney. During allopurinol infusion into the renal portal circulation of one kidney the SAR increased to 0.99, indicating that the renal synthesis of uric acid was almost completely inhibited and that the SAR is a valid indicator of the contribution of nephrogenic uric acid excreted into the urine without first entering the circulation. Chickens fasted for 18 h showed a lower rate of renal synthesis of uric acid. Hypoxanthine infusion into the systemic circulation increased the rate of renal synthesis of uric acid in both fasted and nonfasted chickens, suggesting that circulating precursor levels may in part regulate the ...
Paternal Monitoring: The Relationship Between Online and In-Person Solicitation and Youth Outcomes

Despite extensive literature on parental monitoring, few studies have focused on father-youth solicitation in particular and none on solicitation via communication technology. To address this gap, this study explored the relationships between fathers’ online and in-person solicitation of their adolescent and emerging adult children, and the youth’s internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behaviors. A sample of US fathers (N = 158) reported on solicitation patterns, use of technology, and their child’s behaviors. The results revealed differences by demographics, and an inverse trend between online and in-person solicitation in relation to internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behaviors. Regression analyses revealed that online solicitation of information from the youth’s friends was related to greater internalizing and externalizing, and less prosocial behavior. These findings support research suggesting that some forms of online solicitation may be interpreted by adolescents and emerging adults as intrusive and a violation of privacy.
A Flexible PET-based Wearable Sensor for Arterial Pulse Waveform Measurement

In light of the need of health monitoring, the paper presents a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based wearable sensor for arterial pulse waveform measurement. The sensor encompasses a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructure embedded with an electrolyte-enabled 5×1 transducer array, which spans 6mm and has a spatial resolution of 1.5mm. A pulse signal exerts a deflection on the microstructure and is recorded as a resistance change by a transducer at the site of the pulse. An untrained individual can easily align the sensor on a targeted artery with a negligible margin and then acquire the arterial pulse waveform continuously and non-invasively. This sensor is fabricated using microfluidics technology and thus features low cost for mass production. The sensor is hand-held on an artery and records its pulse signal for a 10s period, which bears baseline drift, due to the respiration and the motion artifact. Discrete Meyer Wavelet Transform (DMWT) and Cubic Spline Estimation (CSE) are employed to remove baseline drift in a pulse signal. The pulse waveform is expressed in terms of the sensor deflection as a function of time. Carotid arterial pulse waveforms are measured by the sensor on three subjects at rest and on two subjects post-exercise. Additionally, radial arterial waveforms are measured on one subject at rest. The measured pulse pattern change of the two subjects between at rest and post-exercise is consistent with the literature. As the pulse transmits from central (carotid) to peripheral (radial) for one subject, the ratio of amplitude of main peak to amplitude of dicrotic wave goes up and the up-stroke time becomes shorter. This is consistent with the related observations in the literature. Thus, the limited amount of data collected here demonstrates the feasibility of using the sensor as a wearable health monitoring device.
Advancing High-Quality Literacy Research in juvenile Justice: Methodological and Practical Considerations:

Special education researchers have made noteworthy progress toward conceptualizing literacy research questions, designing quality studies, and disseminating the results of their research. These advancements have been made through the establishment and refinement of quality research indicators. Unfortunately, this progress has mostly eluded the arena of juvenile justice special education research. The purpose of this article is to review juvenile justice literacy studies and provide juvenile justice personnel and researchers with methodological and practical considerations for improving the quality of juvenile justice literacy research. The focus is on advancing group designs. Practical concerns are based on the first-year experiences of researchers who implemented an Institute of Education Sciences Goal 3 study with the aim of determining the efficacy of literacy instructional programs in a juvenile justice setting.
Customized privacy preserving for classification based applications

The rise of sensor-equipped smart phones has enabled a variety of classification based applications that provide personalized services based on user data extracted from sensor readings. However, malicious applications aggressively collect sensitive information from inherent user data without permissions. Furthermore, they can mine sensitive information from user data just in the classification process. These privacy threats raise serious privacy concerns. In this paper, we introduce two new privacy concerns which are inherent-data privacy and latent-data privacy. We propose a framework that enables a data-obfuscation mechanism to be developed easily. It preserves latent-data privacy while guaranteeing satisfactory service quality. The proposed framework preserves privacy against powerful adversaries who have knowledge of users' access pattern and the data-obfuscation mechanism. We validate our framework towards a real classification-orientated dataset. The experiment results confirm that our framework is superior to the basic obfuscation mechanism.
Understanding Teen Mothers: A ZIP Code Analysis

Researchers continue to analyze the determinants and consequences of teen motherhood. Here we explore this issue using ZIP code level data – to better identify the most vulnerable areas. Our results suggest that geographic location, poverty levels, rates of divorce (and separation), part-time unemployment and employment in finance related industries positively associate with teen motherhood rates, while employment in management related fields has a negative relationship. Our findings are believed to be most useful as supplementary analysis to teen birth studies conducted at larger geographic scales, as ZIP codes introduce ambiguity across the lines of separation from one community to the next.
ABC‐X Model of Family Stress and Coping

The ABC-X model is used for analyzing stress and coping within families. The model consists of (A) the stressor event, (B) the resources available to a family, (C) the family's perceptions of the stressor, and (X) the likelihood of crisis. Variables B and C determine whether the stressor event (A) results in crisis. The ABC-X model has been refined through the inclusion of additional factors such as a family's social context and further developed into the double ABC-X model by subsequent research. The double ABC-X model addresses postcrisis coping processes that determine whether a family can adapt to a crisis. It includes (aA) the pileup of additional stressors and the original crisis; (bB) existing resources and resources developed in order to meet the crisis; (cC) a family's perceptions of the crisis, additional stressors, and its available resources; and (xX) the likelihood of adaptation to crisis. The ABC-X and double ABC-X models are influential in family research and counseling. Keywords: coping; counseling; family; social systems; sociology of families; stress
Resistant Hypertension and Sleep Duration among Blacks with Metabolic Syndrome MetSO.

Introduction: Resistant hypertension (RHTN) is an important condition affecting 29% of the hypertensive population. Sleep disturbances are increasingly recognized as underlying disorders among patients with RHTN. We evaluated associations of RHTN with short sleep duration among blacks with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a vulnerable population characterized by high prevalence of RHTN. Methods: Data from the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO), a NIH-funded cohort study characterizing metabolic syndrome (MetS) among blacks. MetS was defined according to criteria from the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III). According to the American Heart Association RHTN is defined as blood pressure that remains above goal in spite of the use of 3 antihypertensive drugs of different classes, one of the three prescribed pharmaceutical agents should be a diuretic and all agents prescribed at optimal dose amounts.[1] Short sleep was defined as self-reported sleep durations < 7 hours, referenced to healthy sleep (7-8 hours). Results: Analysis was based on 1,035 patients (mean age: 62±14years; female: 69.2%), providing complete data. Of the sample, 90.4% were overweight /obese; 61.4% had diabetes; 74.8% had dyslipidemia; 30.2% had a history of heart disease; and 48% were at OSA risk. Overall, 92.6% had hypertension (HTN), and 20.8% met criteria for RHTN. Analyses showed those with RHTN were more likely to be short sleepers (26.8% vs. 14.9%, p< 0.001). Based on logistic regression analysis, adjusting for effects of age, sex, and medical comorbidities, patients with RHTN had increased odds of being short sleepers. (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.27- 2.96, p=0.002) Conclusion: Among blacks with metabolic syndrome, patients meeting criteria for resistant hypertension showed a twofold greater likelihood of being short sleepers. Adjusted odds of short sleep were similar to those observed for patients at OSA risk
The Herbicide Isoproturon Induces Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Expression in Germinal Center B Cells

Abstract Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an increased risk of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma with exposure to pesticides, including herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. Few studies have specifically demonstrated an increased risk for follicular lymphoma in individuals exposed to pesticides. The molecular mechanisms of these associations have not been fully investigated. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which physiologically mediates somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells, has been found to have off-target effects that play an important role in oncogenic mutagenesis driving germinal center type B cell lymphomas. Elevated levels of AID among peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been found to be associated with higher numbers of circulating follicular lymphoma-like cells in individuals exposed to pesticides. Increased AID expression and/or activity represents a possible mechanistic link between pesticide exposure and lymphomagenesis. In order to test the hypothesis that pesticides might lead to an increased risk of germinal center neoplasia by increasing AID levels, four pesticides including isoproturon (a phenylurea herbicide), chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate insecticide), DDT (an organochlorine insecticide), and lindane (an organochlorine insecticide), were screened for their ability to increase AID expression in germinal center type B cells (Ramos and Raji, Burkitt lymphoma cell lines). After 48 hours of treatment with concentrations ranging from 50-200 μM, RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and cDNA subject to SYBR green Realtime PCR amplification of AID. AID was found to be expressed, at low levels, in untreated Ramos and Raji cells, compared to acute myeloid leukemia cell lines HL60 and U937, which served as negative controls showing no AID expression. Isoproturon treatment resulted in a dose dependent, up to 6-fold, increase in AID in Ramos cells. A smaller, up to 1.9 fold increase was seen in Raji cells. None of the other pesticide treatments resulted in increased expression of AID (Fig. 1). The findings demonstrate that AID expression is induced by isoproturon, a member of the class of phenylurea herbicides which is among the most commonly used herbicides worldwide and generally considered to be relatively safe for humans. These results support a possible role for off-target AID activity in pesticide-exposure related lymphomagenesis. Future studies will investigate the mechanism by which AID is upregulated andwhether or not there is induction of oncogenic mutagenesis in germinal center B cells exposed to phenylurea herbicides. Download : Download high-res image (65KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Death in a Jar: The Study of Life

Drawing from my experience as a life science educator, I assess the irony behind the traditional, yet contradictory approach to studying life, the ethics of studying the dead, as well as agents that contribute to causes of death, whether the death is physical or spiritual for the animal being studied. The dead or dying organisms we study in order to understand the living are often contained or captured, essentially death in jars. If we are showing our students dead animals in order to teach them about living ones, human cadavers not excluded, it should not surprise us when they fail to see the importance of conservation efforts or when the process of death itself is devalued. By looking at such traditional aspects of our educational institutions and what they are teaching us about life and our place in the living world, I believe that we are often misguided about the true role of humans in a world that contains such a vast array of diverse life forms. In place of our innate, biophilic nature comes a modern biophobia that is an inherent consequence of coupling modern society’s recognition of difference with a science education that purports death in jars.
Tracing the Development of the Nuclear Taboo: The Eisenhower Administration and Four Crises in East Asia

Many scholars have argued that a taboo on the use of nuclear weapons became widely accepted in the 1960s, spurred on by the Cuban missile crisis and the subsequent growth of U.S. and Soviet long-ra...
Chameleon diamonds: Thermal processes governing luminescence and a model for the color change

Abstract To date, the eponymous color-changing behavior of chameleon diamonds lacks an explanation in terms of an identified diamond defect structure or process. Well known, however, is that this color-change is driven by the influence of both light and heat. In this paper, we present observations of how luminescence emission in chameleon diamonds responds to temperature changes and optical pumping. Fluorescence, phosphorescence, and thermoluminescence experiments on a suite of natural chameleon diamonds reveal that a specific emission band, peaking near 550 nm, may be stimulated by several different mechanisms. We have observed thermal quenching of the 550 nm emission band with an activation energy of 0.135 eV. The 550 nm band is also observed in phosphorescence and thermoluminescence. Thermoluminescence spectra suggest the presence of low lying acceptor states at 0.7 eV above the valence band. When excited with 270 nm light, we observe emission of light in two broad spectral bands peaking at 500 and 550 nm. We suggest that the 550 nm emission band results from donor—acceptor pair recombination (DAPR) from low lying acceptor states at ca. 0.7 eV above the valence band and donor states approximately 2.5 to 2.7 eV above the valence band. We do not identify the structure of these defects. We propose a speculative model of the physics of the color change from ‘yellow’ to ‘green’ which results from increased broad-band optical absorption in the near-IR to visible due to transitions from the valence band into un-ionized acceptor states available in the ‘green’ state of the chameleon diamond. We report near-IR absorption spectra confirming the increased absorption of light in the near-IR to visible in the ‘green’ when compared to the ‘yellow’ state with a threshold at ca. 0.65 eV, supporting the proposed model.
Mastoidectomy and facial nerve decompression

Mastoidectomy is a key procedure for dealing with tumors that involve the parotid or periauricular skin. These tumors may involve the facial nerve either through perineural invasion or direct tumor extension. The goals and indications for mastoidectomy in this setting are explained. A stepwise approach for the procedure is described. Complications and adjuvant therapy are discussed.
New CRISPR Mutagenesis Strategies Reveal Variation in Repair Mechanisms among Fungi.

ABSTRACT We have created new vectors for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mutagenesis in Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata , and Naumovozyma castellii. These new vectors permit a comparison of the requirements for CRISPR mutagenesis in each of these species and reveal different dependencies for repair of the Cas9 double-stranded break. Both C. albicans and S. cerevisiae rely heavily on homology-directed repair, whereas C. glabrata and N. castellii use both homology-directed and nonhomologous end-joining pathways. The high efficiency of these vectors permits the creation of unmarked deletions in each of these species and the recycling of the dominant selection marker for serial mutagenesis in prototrophs. A further refinement, represented by the "Unified" Solo vectors, incorporates Cas9, guide RNA, and repair template into a single vector, thus enabling the creation of vector libraries for pooled screens. To facilitate the design of such libraries, we have identified guide sequences for each of these species with updated guide selection algorithms. IMPORTANCE CRISPR-mediated genome engineering technologies have revolutionized genetic studies in a wide range of organisms. Here we describe new vectors and guide sequences for CRISPR mutagenesis in the important human fungal pathogens C. albicans and C. glabrata, as well as in the related yeasts S. cerevisiae and N. castellii. The design of these vectors enables efficient serial mutagenesis in each of these species by leaving few, if any, exogenous sequences in the genome. In addition, we describe strategies for the creation of unmarked deletions in each of these species and vector designs that permit the creation of vector libraries for pooled screens. These tools and strategies promise to advance genetic engineering of these medically and industrially important species.
Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming

If we are to rescue ourselves from the looming catastrophe of climate change, one of our tasks is to understand how we became enmeshed in an economy powered by fossil fuels. It would be hard to fin...
Sensing and Control of Cylindrical Shells

Generic theories for distributed convolving modal sensors and actuators have been proposed in Chapter 8. In this chapter, distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators designed for structural sensing and control of cylindrical shells are presented. Free vibration analysis of cylindrical shells is presented first and then distributed sensing and control via distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Detailed electromechanics and performances of the sensors and actuators laminated on the cylindrical shells are discussed (Zhong, 1991). Note that there are three cylindrical shells discussed in this chapter: 1) a piezoelectric cylindrical shell, 2) an elastic cylindrical shell, and 3) a laminated cylindrical shell. The differences between the first two cases are: 1) the electric and electromechanical coupling terms and 2) a charge equation of electrostatics. The laminated cylindrical shell is made of an elastic shell whose inner and outer surfaces are laminated with distributed piezoelectric layers. These piezoelectric layers are used as a distributed sensor and an actuator respectively.
Considering Virtual & Physical Aspects in Acoustic Guitar Design.

This paper presents a new approach for designing acoustic guitars, making use of the virtual environment. The physical connection between users and their instruments is preserved, while offering innovative sound design. This paper will discuss two projects, reAcoustic eGuitar, the concept of a digitally fabricated instrument to design acoustic sounds, and A Physical Resonator For a Virtual Guitar, a vision in which the guitar can also preserve the unique tune of an instrument made from wood.
ON CONTENT ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL RESEARCH IN MASS COMMUNICATION

In this paper George Gerbner has presented an approach to content analysis which raises basic issues re­ garding its relationship to critical
Effect of flaxseed oil, animal fat, and vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, and carcass characteristics of finisher pigs, and physical characteristics of pork

Abstract Dietary lipid supplementation can reduce de novo lipogenesis and increase intramuscular fat content of pork simultaneously, and vitamin E supplementation can increase the oxidative stability of pork. A total of 96 pigs (Yorkshire) were used to investigate the effect of dietary lipid (0 or 1% flaxseed oil + 1, 3, or 5% poultry fat for diets supplemented with lipids) and vitamin E (11 or 220 IU/kg) supplementation in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments on growth performance, serum metabolites, and carcass traits of finisher pigs, and physical characteristics of pork. Forty-eight pens containing 2 gilts or 2 castrated males per pen were randomly assigned to 8 diets with 3 gilt pens and 3 castrated male pens per treatment. Pigs were switched from finisher-1 [initial body weight (BW): 54.3 ± 3.4 kg] to finisher-2 diets when the average pen BW reached 84.1 ± 4.0 kg. Standardized ileal digestible Lys and Ca and P were adjusted with the DE content accordingly to maintain constant Lys, Ca, and P to DE ratios. Pigs were harvested when they reached the target BW of 110.0 ± 3.0 kg. There were no lipid x vitamin E interactions in growth performance. As dietary lipids increased from 0 to 6%, average daily feed intake decreased linearly (P
Novel reprogramming of neutrophils modulates inflammation resolution during atherosclerosis

Nonresolving inflammation perpetuated by innate leukocytes is involved in the pathogenesis of unstable atherosclerosis. However, the role and regulation of neutrophils related to nonresolving inflammation and atherosclerosis are poorly understood. We report herein that chronic subclinical endotoxemia, a risk factor for atherosclerosis, skewed neutrophils into a nonresolving inflammatory state with elevated levels of inflammatory mediators (Dectin-1, MMP9, and LTB4) and reduced levels of homeostatic mediators (LRRC32, TGFβ, and FPN). The polarization of neutrophils was due to ROS-mediated activation of oxCAMKII, caused by altered peroxisome homeostasis and reduced lysosome fusion. Application of 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) enhanced peroxisome homeostasis of neutrophils, reduced oxCAMKII, and rebalanced the expression profiles of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Adoptive transfer of neutrophils programmed by subclinical endotoxemia rendered exacerbated atherosclerosis. In contrast, transfer of ex vivo programmed neutrophils by 4-PBA reduced the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Our data define novel neutrophil dynamics associated with the progression and regression of atherosclerosis.
Correction to: Statistical filtering of useful concrete creep data from imperfect laboratory tests

The article Statistical filtering of useful concrete creep data from imperfect laboratory tests, written by Mohammad Rasoolinejad, Saeed Rahimi-Aghdam, Zdenek P. Bazant, was originally published online without Open Access. After publication in volume 51, article ID 153 RILEM decided to grant the author to opt for open choice and to make the article an open-access publication.
More on plurality and authorship in science: A reply to Tang

Understanding the "political economy" of the research environment is at the core of getting clear on the ethical aspects of authorship. Questions about who should be an author on a scientific paper are complicated by the fact that authorship is used to determine credit inside science and by outside institutions whose interests and standards often differ dramatically. Much of the research ethics community seeks to impose an elite ethical consensus on scientific fields. I argue that this approach undermines the scientific autonomy of research communities. In contrast, we should develop bottom-up strategies that empower local communities and associations.
Flow Diversion of an Incompletely-Treated Fusiform Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

Fusiform aneurysms involving the M2 branches of the middle cerebral artery are often dissecting, identified by a characteristic diseased adjacent segment, and location not at a branch point. Herein, we present the case of a 38-yr-old man with a symptomatic, dissecting M2 aneurysm that was previously incompletely treated with stent-assisted coiling. In our experience, symptomatic fusiform aneurysms in this location tend to recur unless the involved segment is completely trapped or reconstructed with flow diversion. We successfully treated this patient with a vessel reconstruction using a Pipeline Flex Embolization Device (Medtronic). Deployment of a flow diverter inside a previously placed stent can pose potential challenges, as the original stent may constrain complete expansion of the flow diverter and prevent perfect apposition against the parent vessel wall. In this operative video, we demonstrate this technique and provide a brief discussion of the potential pitfalls.
Minimally important differences and severity thresholds are estimated for the PROMIS depression scales from three randomized clinical trials.

Abstract Background Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) scales are increasingly being used to measure symptoms in research and practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimally important difference (MID) and severity thresholds (cut-points) for the four fixed-length PROMIS depression scales. Methods The study sample was adult participants in three randomized clinical trials (N=651). MID was estimated using multiple distribution- and anchor-based approaches including assessing correspondence between Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and PROMIS depression scores. Results The best MID estimate was a PROMIS depression T-score of 3.5 points with most methods producing an MID in the 3 to 4 point range across all three samples. MID estimates were similar for all four PROMIS scales. A PHQ-9 1-point change equated to a PROMIS 1.25-point T-score change. PROMIS T-scores of 55, 60, 65, and 70 appeared to be reasonable thresholds for mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. Limitations The study sample was predominantly male veterans with either chronic pain (2 trials) or previous stroke (1 trial). The severity of depression was mild to moderate. Conclusion A T-score of 3 to 4 points is a reasonable MID for PROMIS depression scales and can be used to assess treatment effects in both practice and research as well to calculate sample sizes for clinical trials. Severity cut-points can help interpret the meaning of scores and action thresholds for treatment decisions.
Ship-Based UAV Measurements of Air-Sea Interaction in Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Processes in the Equatorial Indian Ocean

Abstract : The long-term goal of this project is to develop the scientific use of ship-based unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for air-sea interaction (ASI), marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and surface mixed layer (i.e. marine boundary layer, MBL) research, including real-time transmission of data for assimilation into models.
Association between racial discrimination and health‐related quality of life and the impact of social relationships

Interpersonal racial discrimination is associated with poor health. Social relationships may moderate the impact of discrimination and represent modifiable behaviors that can be targeted by public health interventions. We described citywide associations between self-reported racial discrimination and health-related quality of life among the overall New York City (NYC) adult residential population and by four main race/ethnicity groups and explored whether social relationships moderated health effects of discrimination. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 2335 adults weighted to be representative of the NYC population. We measured exposures to lifetime interpersonal racial discrimination in nine domains using a modified version of the Experiences of Discrimination scale. We performed unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses on four self-rated health-related quality of life outcomes including general health, physical health, mental health, and limitations from physical or mental health. Overall, 47% [95% CI 44.5, 50.3] of respondents reported having experienced racial discrimination in at least one domain. In the overall population, significant associations with racial discrimination were noted in adjusted models for poor physical health, poor mental health, and limitations by poor physical and mental health. Among those exposed to racial discrimination, the risk of experiencing poor mental health was lower among those who had contact with family or friends outside their household at least once a week, compared with those who had less frequent social contact. This study provides evidence that social relationships may moderate the impact of racial discrimination on mental health and should be integrated into health promotion efforts.
A novel fluorescence and DNA combination for complex, long-term marking of mosquitoes

Abstract Background Current mark release recapture methodologies are limited in their ability to address complex problems in vector biology, such as studying multiple groups overlapping in space and time. Additionally, limited mark retention, reduced post-marking survival, and the large effort in marking, collection and recapture, all complicate effective insect tracking. Method We have developed and evaluated a marking method using a fluorescent dye (Smartwater®) combined with synthetic DNA tags to informatively and efficiently mark adult mosquitoes using an airbrush pump and nebulizer. Using handheld UV flashlights, the fluorescent marking enabled quick and simple initial detection of recaptures in a simple, field-ready, and non-destructive approach that when combined with a simple, extraction-free PCR on individual mosquito legs provides potentially unlimited marking information. Results This marking, first tested in the laboratory with Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes, did not affect survival (median ages 24-28 days, p-adj > 0.25), oviposition (median eggs/female of 28.8, 32.5, 33.3 for water, green, red dyes, respectively, p-adj > 0.44), or Plasmodium competence (mean oocysts 5.56 to 10.6, p-adj > 0.95). DNA and fluorescence had 100% retention up to 3 weeks (longest time point tested) with high intensity, indicating marks would persist longer. Conclusions We describe a novel, simple, no/low-impact, and long-lasting marking method that allows separation of multiple insect subpopulations by combining unlimited length and sequence variation in the synthetic DNA tags. This method can be readily deployed in the field for marking multiple groups of mosquitoes or other insects.
A Sharp Balian-Low Uncertainty Principle for Shift-Invariant Spaces

Abstract A sharp version of the Balian–Low theorem is proven for the generators of finitely generated shift-invariant spaces. If generators { f k } k = 1 K ⊂ L 2 ( R d ) are translated along a lattice to form a frame or Riesz basis for a shift-invariant space V, and if V has extra invariance by a suitable finer lattice, then one of the generators f k must satisfy ∫ R d | x | | f k ( x ) | 2 d x = ∞ , namely, f k ˆ ∉ H 1 / 2 ( R d ) . Similar results are proven for frames of translates that are not Riesz bases without the assumption of extra lattice invariance. The best previously existing results in the literature give a notably weaker conclusion using the Sobolev space H d / 2 + ϵ ( R d ) ; our results provide an absolutely sharp improvement with H 1 / 2 ( R d ) . Our results are sharp in the sense that H 1 / 2 ( R d ) cannot be replaced by H s ( R d ) for any s 1 / 2 .
Banishment of Sex Offenders: Liberty, Protectionism, Justice, and Alternatives

Although most sex offenses are committed by relatives or acquaintances of the victims, our public policy approach has been to focus on the stranger sex offender and punish sex offenders through residency restrictions. These residency restrictions effectively banish these locally undesirable and dangerous individuals from our communities in fear that they may reoffend in our neighborhoods. Rather than being thrust into some wilderness, sex offenders are “banished” to neighboring counties or states and into poor, minority neighborhoods where they often live in boarding houses with other sex offenders. Banishing sex offenders through these residential restrictions impacts individual liberty, our national structure, and social policy considerations. This Article offers a legal analysis of the adverse impacts these restrictions impose on the constitutional rights of both sex offenders and our communities, which for economic or political limitations do not have the appropriate representation to mitigate these consequences. This Article also examines what methods from the environmental justice movement might be available to deal with the “social justice” issue of sex offenders disproportionately burdening poor, minority communities. Finally, because there is not yet evidence to support the efficacy of residency restrictions on sex offender recidivism, this Article concludes that legislators should reexamine the current trend of using residency restrictions to address concerns about sex offender recidivism. Instead, public policy decision makers should look toward alternatives, such as individualized risk assessment and management of these individuals, so  Associate Dean of Academics and Professor of Law, Pepperdine University School of Law. I am grateful to Dean Ken Starr and Pepperdine for research grant support for this project. I would also like to thank and acknowledge Dean Wayne A. Logan of the Florida State University College of Law for his much appreciated guidance and insight for this piece, as well as Professor Brannon P. Denning of the Samford University Cumberland School of Law. Recognition is also in order for student research assistants Lynsey Blackmon Eaton, Aaron Summer, Kasey Curtis, and Seth Eaton, who assisted with the research and editing process, and for Randi Saxer, who reviewed the sociological aspects of the text. Washington University Open Scholarship 1398 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW [VOL. 86:1397 that public resources can be properly directed to confine, monitor, and treat those sex offenders most likely to commit serious reoffenses.
Chantal Akerman, Marcel Proust, and Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo (1958)

Chantal Akerman’s filmmaking is often described as “opaque,” relying on long takes and confining or empty spaces to promote an existential anxiety. So she faces a particular challenge in adapting Marcel Proust’s La Prisonniere, a volume of In Search of Lost Time that is intertwined with the longer novel and equally dependent on its narrator’s voice and verbal sophistication. Ackerman’s primary strategy is to concentrate on the relationship between Marcel and Albertine, renamed Simon and Ariane, conveying their way of being through the mise en scene. To further articulate the complex relationships of Proust’s couple and her own, however, she cites Alfred Hitchock’s Vertigo extensively, thus invoking the fraught relationship of Scottie with Judy/Madeline as a key to deciphering the sadomasochistic tragedy of La Captive.