cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SINKS FOR 15N‐ENRICHED ADDITIONS TO AN OAK FOREST AND A RED PINE PLANTATION

We added 15N tracers to reference plots (receiving ambient N inputs) and to chronically fertilized plots (50 kg NH4NO3-N·ha−1·yr−1 for 3 yr prior to and during tracer additions) in an oak-dominated deciduous forest and a red pine plantation in order to quantify sinks for N inputs to these forests. Plots (30 × 30 m) were located at the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in central Massachusetts. Two forms of 15N tracer were applied, with 15NH4 and 15NO3 added to separate halves of reference and chronically fertilized plots in each forest. Tracers were applied monthly during two growing seasons in order to simulate movements of background (8 kg·ha−1·yr−1) and chronically elevated (58 kg·ha−1·yr−1) N deposition. Forest floors and soils were the dominant sinks for N deposition in these forests, but the relative importance of trees as sinks for N inputs increased with N loading rate. Accumulations of 15N in tree tissues after 2 yr of tracer additions showed that tree leaves, fine roots, b...
Non-geodesic Motion in General Relativity and Thermodynamics

In a previous article a relationship was established between the linearized metrics of General Relativity associated with geodesics and the Dirac Equation of quantum mechanics. In this paper the extension of that result to arbitrary curves is investigated. In the case of scalar fields, a relationship between mass and temperature is also worked out.
Building Ventures through Civic Capitalism

An exploratory study of urban entrepreneurs participating in a technical assistance program finds that they focus on the bottom line and often have an explicit wish to improve their community. This integrated combination of economic and social values, a kind of civic-minded capitalism, guides their positioning for growth and yields a business that can best be called a “civic enterprise.” A descriptive analysis of qualitative and quantitative research yields propositions for future research on these hybrid business ventures.
Succession Management Strategies in Public Sector Organizations Building Leadership Capital

This research reviews the development of succession management strategies in public service organizations. The results reinforce the direct link between organizational culture and leadership and the need for new human resource management initiatives to foster the systematic identification, recruitment, development, and selection of high-potential candidates to improve leadership growth in the public sector.
A study of TCP performance for mobile SATCOM system over blocking conditions

High throughput while minimizing packet latency are the essential requirements for deploying IP data over a SATCOM channel. To gauge the performance of IP data applications over a SATCOM channel, the performance of TCP/IP is often observed. This paper analyzes the TCP/IP throughput and delay performance characteristics as well as investigates the benefits gained by tuning TCP/IP parameters to mitigate its performance degradation due to delays and blockages inherent to a SATCOM channel. A hardware test bed is used to analyze the TCP/IP behavior under realistic satellite channel conditions. Experimental results are validated using OPNET simulation software. The comparisons show a perfect match between experimental and simulated results. Analysis shows that with the tuning of TCP/IP stack, it is capable of overcoming the effect of satellite channel delay while providing reliable delivery even through frequent blockage events. It is also shown that with a simple link layer retransmission process in place, the performance of TCP/IP can be further improved.
Diet and Nutrient Needs in Old Age

There are a number of environmental factors that significantly affect our health and well-being; among them, food is of greatest importance. Beginning with conception and continuing into advanced old age, the foods that are consumed play a dominant role in promoting a normal, healthful existence. Furthermore, earlier and current dietary practices affect the health status of the elderly human subject. The effects of the diet during earlier stages of life on life-span and health in the older organism have been discussed elsewhere in this book. In this chapter, we will be concerned with diet and nutrient needs during the later stages of life.
Hop Modulates hsp70/hsp90 Interactions in Protein Folding

Hop is a 60-kDa protein characterized by its ability to bind the two chaperones, hsp70 and hsp90. We have tested the function of Hop using an assay for the refolding of denatured firefly luciferase. We show that Hop is involved in the process of refolding thermally denatured firefly luciferase in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Hop also stimulates refolding by hsp70 and Ydj-1 in a purified refolding system. Hsp90 can also stimulate refolding, and optimal refolding is observed in the presence of both Hop and hsp90. Similar stimulation was observed when Hop was replaced by its yeast homolog Sti1. In assays of the binding of Hop to hsp70 and hsp90, Hop preferentially forms a complex with ADP-bound hsp70, and this process is unaffected by the presence of hsp90. Hop does not alter the ATPase activity or the rate of ADP dissociation of hsp70. Hop also appears to bind to the ADP-bound form of hsp90, blocking the ATP-dependent conversion of hsp90 to a form capable of interacting with p23. Conversely, once p23 is bound to hsp90, Hop binding is diminished. These results confirm that Hop provides a physical link between hsp70 and hsp90 and also indicate that Hop modulates the activities of both of these chaperone proteins.
Serum response factor is a critical requirement for VEGF signaling in endothelial cells and VEGF-induced angiogenesis.

SPECIFIC AIMSAngiogenesis is a process of new blood microvessel formation and is regulated by angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Angiogenesis plays essential roles in embryonic development, wound healing, and tumor growth. Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor required for embryogenesis and muscle development and function. Its role in endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis has not been explored, nor has the effect of VEGF on SRF activation. This study was aimed to determine the role of SRF in VEGF-activated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis; and to explore the effect of VEGF on SRF expression and activation.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. SRF is required for VEGF-induced in vitro angiogenesisTo determine whether SRF is required for VEGF-induced angiogenesis, we introduced SRF antisense oligonucleotides into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and rat gastric microvascular endothelial cells (RGMEC)...
Measurement and deconvolution of glare in a microCT scanner for in vivo small animal imaging

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) systems for in vivo small animal imaging. Although the spatial resolutions of these systems are good, the soft tissue contrast has been poor compared to human X-ray CT scanners. Many of these systems are based on phosphor screens coupled to charge coupled devices (CCD) using fiber optic tapers. The point spread function (PSF) for these systems is likely to include significant glare component. In this work we measured the glare component of the PSF of a microCT scanner developed in our laboratory. The measurements were based on the presampled edge spread function (ESF) obtained using an aluminum edge angled slightly with respect to the detector columns. The resulting ESF was fit with two Gaussian-shaped components. The wider component corresponds to the glare in the system and has a FWHM of 1.10 mm. We deconvolved this glare component from the projection data. The method was evaluated by applying the deconvolution method to projection data obtained from a mouse. The resulting projections were reconstructed using the 3D Feldkamp cone-beam reconstruction algorithm and compared to reconstructions obtained from the original projections without deconvolution. We conclude that glare deconvolution results in a modest improvement in the soft tissue contrast for small features.
Two-Dimensional Conduction Effects in Estimating Radiative Flux from a Capillary Discharge

It is quite common to employ thin metallic films for the determination of heat flux at a fluid-solid interface. Depending on the duration of the event and gage design, it may be important to account for multidimensional heat conduction within the thin-film substrate. Present work investigates the effects of two-dimensional conduction on the deduced radiative heat fluxes using an inverse algorithm. For comparison, a previously developed one-dimensional inverse technique is also used. The high heat fluxes are produced by an electrothermal-chemical plasma jet. The plasma, initiated within a 3.2 mm diameter and 26 mm long polyethylene capillary by exploding a 3.6 mg thin copper wire, emerges into an open-air atmosphere as an underexpanded supersonic jet. The jet impinges over a stagnation plate equipped with thin-film platinum gages, whose temperature history serves as an input to the heat-flux estimation algorithm. Four different charging voltage levels are investigated, ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 kV. While both algorithms capture the temporal variations of the radiative heat fluxes, the two-dimensional model reveals the discrepancies between the two techniques, as well as the range of applicability of the one-dimensional model.
Robust unmixing of hyperspectral images: Application to Mars

Planetary missions such as the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) can benefit from the use of automatic approaches and statistical learning techniques due to the amount of data involved. Thanks to its high sensor resolution, CRISM data volumes overwhelm scientists capacity for exhaustive manual analysis. Planetary investigations would benefit from an automated process that could identify the unique spectral signatures present in a CRISM scene and store them for further examination or interpretation. If installed aboard an orbital system, such a tool could relieve transmission constraints for high-bandwidth hyperspectral datasets by giving priority to the most informative data products. This paper introduces an algorithm that extracts image endmembers of a CRISM scene, which can be used as the scene concise mineralogical representation for cataloging purposes, in addition to existing browse products and parameter maps. The approach uses robust techniques, resilient to CRISM noise. This work benefits from the results of previous efforts [6] and it is currently being extended to other hyperspectral datasets.
Expanding Future Directions in Our Second Decade of Services

This keynote address was delivered at the International Early Childhood Conference on Children with Special Needs, December 8, 1996.
A Semi-Empirical Method for Electrically Modeling of Fuel Cell: Executed On a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

In this paper, a novel semi-empirical modeling method to mathematically derive a nonlinear equivalent circuit from a special group of impedance fuel cell models is proposed. As an example, a 5-cm2 direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was modeled by this method. The derived equivalent circuit is composed of lumped nonlinear resistors, capacitors and an inductor. The nonlinear circuit has an impedance equivalent to the target fuel cell in various operating conditions and provides a good approximation of the static and transient behaviors of the fuel cell. The equivalent circuit fuel cell model was validated by comparing its numerical simulation results with its polarization curve and the dynamic behavior of the target DMFC. These comparisons were performed while the DMFC was operating under square current pulses with different upper and low current levels.
A predictive machine learning approach for microstructure optimization and materials design

This paper addresses an important materials engineering question: How can one identify the complete space (or as much of it as possible) of microstructures that are theoretically predicted to yield the desired combination of properties demanded by a selected application? We present a problem involving design of magnetoelastic Fe-Ga alloy microstructure for enhanced elastic, plastic and magnetostrictive properties. While theoretical models for computing properties given the microstructure are known for this alloy, inversion of these relationships to obtain microstructures that lead to desired properties is challenging, primarily due to the high dimensionality of microstructure space, multi-objective design requirement and non-uniqueness of solutions. These challenges render traditional search-based optimization methods incompetent in terms of both searching efficiency and result optimality. In this paper, a route to address these challenges using a machine learning methodology is proposed. A systematic framework consisting of random data generation, feature selection and classification algorithms is developed. Experiments with five design problems that involve identification of microstructures that satisfy both linear and nonlinear property constraints show that our framework outperforms traditional optimization methods with the average running time reduced by as much as 80% and with optimality that would not be achieved otherwise.
The Ontology of Entrepreneurial Opportunity

This paper takes a fresh look at a core question in entrepreneurship: are opportunities objective, formed by exogenous shocks to pre-existing markets or industries that entrepreneurs then discover,...
Use of Qualitative Methods to Examine GIS Planning and Management in the Context of E-Governance

Critical GIS recognizes that GIS technology is socially constructed and emphasizes the key role of various socio-political and institutional contexts in shaping GIS knowledge production. This article focusses on the use of GIS in the context of e-governance in India. In recent years the massive proliferation of ICTs in India has led to a transformation from traditional governance to e-governance. Several planning projects have been launched under the rubric of e-governance and have witnessed novel use of various information technologies, GIS being one of them. The theoretical framework used in this study draws from the Critical GIS body of literature that calls for taking a holistic approach to GIS examination by coupling the internal contexts with the external contextual environment shaping an organization's GIS planning and management. In order to achieve this goal qualitative methods of inquiry are adopted to investigate a municipal e-governance project launched by the Government of Karnataka to address issues of urban development using GIS.
Preparation Process of Intravenous Nutrient Solution by Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services

OBJECTIVE To explore the preparation process of intravenous nutrient solution in pharmacy intravenous admixture services( PIVAS).METHODS The process of newborns vein nutrient solution in the hospital from 2014-01 to 12 was retrospectively analyzed. The application value of PIVAS was explored. RESULTS The process of intravenous drug distribution center included 8areas: 1 the physician given the doctor's advice; 2 pharmacist review; 3 batch arrangements and print labels; 4 drug dispensing and checking; 5 drug preparation and recheck; 6 prepared drug packing process; 7 drugs sent to the ward; 8 nurses inventory,check and sign for the drugs.CONCLUSION Configuration neonatal intravenous nutrient solution in PIVAS can reduce the loss of the drugs,and improve the quality of infusion,it brings huge benefits to the hospital.
Regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA accumulation in rat hepatocytes.

Experiments were undertaken using isolated rat liver cells to determine whether the stimulation of angiotensinogen synthesis by glucocorticoids, estrogens, and angiotensin II is due to a direct act...
The nature of government tweets for conveying a message to the public

Governments wish to keep certain types of information concealed from the public due to a variety of different reasons. Government agencies that protect secrecy often have a difficult time connecting to the public (WGPC, 2014). Secretive, or perceived secretive government organizations often fall into the nebulous realm of uncertainty for the information consumer. This results in a great deal of misinformation and disinformation being thought of as correct (Hernon, 1995). These types of wrong information are ubiquitous on the internet and even more so on social media, where rumors are often passed as truth. Since 2008, the US government is moving toward a more transparent, open, and easily accessed information base through social media (Lathrop & Ruma, 2010). Agencies across the government are adopting types of social media communication. However, bureaus that primarily focus on security and safeguarding secrets struggle with how much to share and which platforms of social media are the 'best' for their message, and how to inure trust from their audience. This study is a content analysis of parent tweets from government agencies of the Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Homeland Security, International Atomic Energy Agency, and National Security Agency (CIA, FBI, DHS, IAEA, and NSA) and the responses of the tweets from the public to assess the tone of message and response.
Development of the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ)

Current telehealth usability questionnaires are designed primarily for older technologies, where telehealth interaction is conducted over dedicated videoconferencing applications. However, telehealth services are increasingly conducted over computer-based systems that rely on commercial software and a user supplied computer interface. Therefore, a usability questionnaire that addresses the changes in telehealth service delivery and technology is needed. The Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) was developed to evaluate the usability of telehealth implementation and services. This paper addresses: (1) the need for a new measure of telehealth usability, (2) the development of the TUQ, (3) intended uses for the TUQ, and (4) the reliability of the TUQ. Analyses indicate that the TUQ is a solid, robust, and versatile measure that can be used to measure the quality of the computer-based user interface and the quality of the telehealth interaction and services.
Bacteriological Quality of Fresh Seafood Products from Seattle Retail Markets.

A microbiological survey of 287 (fresh) seafood products from Puget Sound retail markets was conducted over a period of 1 year. The microbiological quality of fresh seafood was high, with only 2.1 % of the samples exceeding the maximum limit for acceptability as suggested by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF). The overall microbiological data of positive units given as arithmetic means were: coliforms MPN/g, 199; Escherichia coli MPN/g, 21; coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus MPN/g, 66; enterococci/g, 9121; Clostridium perfringens /g, 18; Bacillus cereus /g, 100; and Vibrio parahaemolyticus MPN/g, 3.7. The standard plate count means 1.0 × 103 to 2.5 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/g, giving a mean value of 2.0 × 105 CFU/g. The percentages of seafood samples positive for pathogens were S. aureus , 37.6; Yersinia enterocolitica , 3.8; V. parahaemolyticus , 2.8; C. perfringens , 2.4; and B. cereus , 0.7. Vibrio cholerae , Clostridium botulinum , Salmonella and Shigella species were not isolated.
The STRATegy Column for Precollege Science Teachers – Inquiring into Sand

Teachers are urged to teach science through inquiry, but few have experience with this method of teaching as either teachers or learners. Sand is an excellent topic for inquiry in earth science instruction. Students start by “messing around” with sand and a few tools, work through some guided activities with sand, develop questions about sand based upon their observations, construct independent investigations into sand using simple tools, report on their results, and then use their experiences to build a collective understanding of how sand forms. The challenges posed by this method of teaching include dealing with inappropriate questions, working with limited resources, knowing how and when to intervene when students face problems, and finding sufficient time in the curriculum. The rewards of seeing students engage in independent investigation and learn to ask scientific questions far outweigh the challenges of teaching through inquiry.
Muscle Hypotonia in Lowe’s Syndrome

As part of a comprehensive evaluation of 23 patients with the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe at the Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, concentrations of muscle enzymes and carnitine metabolism were studied in addition to special reference to growth and renal function.
Validation of a Brief Insomnia Severity Measure in Youth Clinically Referred for Sleep Evaluation.

OBJECTIVES : Evaluate psychometric properties of the Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index (PISI), a brief measure of insomnia severity. METHODS: Clinically referred youth (n = 462; 283 males, 179 females, mean age = 7.28 ± 2.05 years) and their caregiver(s) completed sleep evaluation including the PISI, Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and sleep disorders inventory for students. Tests of reliability and validity and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to assess PISI psychometric properties. Exploratory analyses were conducted to examine insomnia severity by insomnia diagnosis. RESULTS: Measures of internal consistency for the PISI factor scores varied. CFA indicated that a two-factor model had optimal fit relative to a single-factor solution. Overall, convergent and discriminant validity of PISI factors were supported. Insomnia severity varied by diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the PISI within a large pediatric sample and for its clinical utility as a brief measure of insomnia severity.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. Language: en
Barriers to Socially Responsible Apparel Purchasing Behavior: Are Consumers Right?

This study lends insight into consumers’ commitment to socially responsible apparel purchasing. As part of this study, the validity of perceived barriers among consumers in engaging in socially responsible apparel purchasing behavior were explored. It was discovered that consumers may be correct in their perceptions that apparel sold by socially responsible retailers is more expensive than that sold by mainstream brands. However, consumers may be somewhat misguided in their perceptions that socially responsible retailers offer fewer product choices as compared to mainstream brands or that acquiring goods from socially responsible retailers requires additional time and effort.
Early Ambulation Decreases Length of Hospital Stay, Perioperative Complications and Improves Functional Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surgery for Correction of Adult Degenerative Scoliosis.

Study Design.Ambispective cohort review.Objective.To examine the effects of early mobilization on patient outcomes, complications profile, and 30-day readmission rates.Summary of Background Data.Prolonged immobilization after surgery can result in functional decline and an increased risk of hospital
Provider and Health System Factors Associated with Usage of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in Adolescents.

Abstract Study Objective Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is recommended as first-line contraception for adolescents. Surveys of primary care providers suggest that physician and clinic factors might influence LARC counseling, but their effect on usage is unknown. Our objective was to explore provider and clinic characteristics associated with LARC usage in adolescents. Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures We conducted a cross-sectional study of 5363 women ages 15-21 years receiving primary care within a large health system in Massachusetts in 2015. We used data abstracted from electronic medical records to characterize rates of LARC usage. We analyzed the association of provider (specialty, degree, gender, resident status, LARC credentialing) and clinic (Title X funding, onsite LARC provision, onsite obstetrician-gynecologist) factors with adolescents' LARC usage using multivariate logistic regression. Results Overall, 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-3.9) of adolescents were documented as currently using a LARC method. Older adolescents were significantly more likely to use a LARC method (adjusted odds ratio, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.62-3.58 for women ages 20-21 years compared with ages 15-17 years). Adolescents whose primary care provider was a resident were significantly more likely to use a LARC method (adjusted odds ratio, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.02-2.68). Provider specialty, degree, gender, onsite LARC provision, and onsite obstetrician-gynecologist were not significantly associated with LARC usage in adolescents. Conclusion Being older and having a primary care provider early in their training increased the odds of LARC usage among adolescents in a large Massachusetts health system. Across primary care specialties, educating providers about the appropriate uses of LARC methods in nulliparous adolescents might facilitate LARC usage.
Hashtag Mining: Discovering Relationship Between Health Concepts and Hashtags

Social media hashtags are useful in many applications, such as tweet classification, clustering, searching, indexing, and social network analysis. In this chapter, we present a Big Data mining technology on social media, and demonstrate how to use it to address the following three problems: discovering relevant hashtags for health concepts, discovering the meaning of health-related hashtags, and identifying hashtags relevant to each other in the health domain. The proposed approach is based on the distributed word representations, which are learned, by applying the state-of-the-art deep learning technology, from billions of tweet words without supervision. The experiment shows that this approach outperformed the baseline approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of applying distributed language representations to discovering relationships between health concepts and hashtags.
Abstract 15591: Mechanical Dyssynchrony of the Left Atrium During Sinus Rhythm is Associated With Stroke in Patients With History of Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Depressed left atrial (LA) function during sinus rhythm is associated with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients with a history of atrial fibrillation (AF), independen...
Android malicious application detection using support vector machine and active learning

The increasing popularity of Android phones and its open app market system have caused the proliferation of malicious Android apps. The increasing sophistication and diversity of the malicious Android apps render the conventional malware detection techniques ineffective, which results in a large number of malicious applications remaining undetected. This calls for more effective techniques for detection and classification of Android malware. Hence, in this paper, we present an Android malicious application detection framework based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Active Learning technologies. In our approach, we extract applications' activities while in execution and map them into a feature set, we then attach timestamps to some features in the set. We show that our novel use of time-dependent behavior tracking can significantly improve the malware detection accuracy. In particular, we build an active learning model using Expected error reduction query strategy to integrate new informative instances of Android malware and retrain the model to be able to do adaptive online learning. We evaluate our model through a set of experiments on the DREBIN benchmark malware dataset. Our evaluation results show that the proposed approach can accurately detect malicious applications and improve updatability against new malware.
Sexual Orientation and Leadership Suitability: How Being a Gay Man Affects Perceptions of Fit in Gender-Stereotyped Positions

The current set of studies examines perceptions of gay men’s fitness for leadership positions in the workplace. In two between-subjects experiments we examined the effect of a male employee’s sexuality on perceptions of his suitability for stereotypically feminine, masculine, and gender-neutral managerial positions, as well as potential mediators (perceptions of target agency and communion) and moderators (target out status) of these effects. In Study 1, 341 U.S. college student participants rated a gay male target as more communal and more suitable for feminine managerial positions than an otherwise identical heterosexual target, irrespective of his “out” status. Moreover, ratings of communion mediated the relationship between targets’ sexuality and suitability for feminine leadership. No differences between gay and heterosexual targets in targets’ agency or targets’ suitability for masculine or gender-neutral managerial positions were detected. Study 2 used a sample of 439 U.S. adults and an ambiguous target’s resume to replicate and expand Study 1. This study provided participants with conflicting information on targets’ agency and communion, and it assessed the same dependent variables of targets’ agency, communion, and leadership suitability for various positions. Study 2 again found that ratings of communion significantly mediated the relationship between male targets’ sexuality and perceived suitability for feminine managerial roles. These findings extend previous research on perceptions of gay men in the workplace and have practical implications for being “out” at work.
The FRRPP Concept

From a first impression, the concept behind the FRRPP process is nothing special compared to polymerization-induced phase separation processes (PIPS) (Oh and Rey, 2002), wherein polymer formation induces conventional phase separation at temperatures below the upper critical solution temperature (UCST). What people fail to take into account are the effects of the polymerization reaction exotherm (heat generation) in the accompanying phase separation process. It is noted from Section 1.3 that adiabatic temperature rises from free-radical chain polymerizations are in the order of hundreds of degrees Celsius. Also, from Section 1.1, it is noted that at these temperature rises, polymer-small molecule mixtures can shift from a true solution to a phase separated system above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Based on the discussion in using Eqs. (1.2.9–1.2.14), we note that high-temperature domains dissipate heat faster as they become smaller, unless the mechanism of heat dissipation becomes inherently inefficient, such as conduction through gases or heat transfer via radiation.
Improved pharmacokinetics and efficacy of endostatin by fusion with IgG Fc domain

4598 Endostatin, a 187 amino acid fragment from the C-terminus of collagen 18 has been shown to be a potent angiogenic inhibitor. Recently, it was demonstrated that p53 upregulates prolyl-4-hydoxylase, the enzyme responsible for cleaving endostatin from collagen 18. Because, endostatin has a very short half-life, we have expressed this protein fused to Fc. The half-life of endostatin is approximately 4 hours whereas it is approximately two weeks for Fc-endostatin, following injection in mice. This difference in half-life makes it possible to employ significantly smaller doses of Fc-endostatin. Previously, our laboratory established that the efficacy of endostatin in mice follows a U-shaped curve when examined as a function of the protein concentration. Anti-tumor activities of endostatin and Fc-endostatin were investigated. We now report that the amount required for inhibition of tumors by Fc-endostatin is at least 150-fold less than that of endostatin. This finding will likely have an impact on future trials of this inhibitor. Endostatin has been administered to patients in a Phase I and II clinical trials. Employing Fc-endostatin should enable us to generate sufficient protein for a more meaningful clinical trial of endostatin. Both Avastin (anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody produced by Genentech) and VEGF-trap ( Regeneron Pharmaceuticals ) employ similar Fc constructs for increasing the half-lives of their anti-angiogenic proteins.
EMFORCED: EM-based Fingerprinting Framework for Counterfeit Detection with Demonstration on Remarked and Cloned ICs

Today’s globalized electronics supply chain is prone to counterfeit chip proliferation. Existing techniques to detect counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) are limited by relatively high cost, lengthy inspection time, destructive nature, and restriction to a pre-packaging environment. We propose a novel method of counterfeit IC detection which takes advantage of design-specific electromagnetic (EM) fingerprints generated by simulating on-chip clock distribution networks. Through exploitation of the chip’s physical characteristics, our technique can help detect foundry of origin. We validate our approach on 8051 microcontrollers from three different vendors and utilize principal component analysis to distinguish the acquisitions by vendor. Our results show that near-field EM measurements combined with unsupervised machine learning provide ≈ 99% accuracy in counterfeit detection through design-specific fingerprint classification.
In-simulation Debriefing Increases Therapeutic Communication Skills

Background This article describes a formative simulation experience designed to prepare prelicensure nursing students to interact with psychiatric patients. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 debriefing styles (in-simulation and postsimulation) on nursing students' knowledge, performance, and anxiety related to working with psychiatric patients. The study also explored students' perceptions of the efficacy of in-simulation debriefing. Methods The study used a quasi-experimental, mixed-method design. Results There were no statistically significant differences between groups in knowledge, assessment, or anxiety. However, both groups demonstrated significant gains in all areas. Conclusions In-simulation debriefing is an effective tool for teaching therapeutic communication to nursing students.
Hybrid-Kinetic Simulations of Ion Heating in Alfv\'{e}nic Turbulence

We present three-dimensional, hybrid-kinetic numerical simulations of driven Alfven-wave turbulence of relevance to the collisionless near-Earth solar wind. Special attention is paid to the spectral transition that occurs near the ion-Larmor scale and to the origins of preferential perpendicular ion heating and of non-thermal wings in the parallel distribution function. Several novel diagnostics are used to show that the ion heating rate increases as the kinetic-Alfven-wave fluctuations, which comprise the majority of the sub-ion-Larmor turbulent cascade, attain near-ion-cyclotron frequencies. We find that ${\approx}75$-$80\%$ of the cascade energy goes into heating the ions, broadly consistent with the near-Earth solar wind. This heating is accompanied by clear velocity-space signatures in the particle energization rates and the distribution functions, including a flattened core in the perpendicular-velocity distribution and non-Maxwellian wings in the parallel-velocity distribution. The latter are attributed to transit-time damping and the pitch-angle scattering of perpendicularly heated particles into the parallel direction. Accompanying these features is a steepening of the spectral index of sub-ion-Larmor magnetic-field fluctuations beyond the canonical $-2.8$, as field energy is transferred to thermal energy. These predictions may be tested by measurements in the near-Earth solar wind.
Nation, gender and the killing of an Indian journalist

In this paper, I examine representations of nation and gender in newspaper coverage of the murder of a prominent Indian journalist, Gauri Lankesh, in September 2017. Using a transnational feminist ...
CD-MPM: continuum damage material point methods for dynamic fracture animation

We present two new approaches for animating dynamic fracture involving large elastoplastic deformation. In contrast to traditional mesh-based techniques, where sharp discontinuity is introduced to split the continuum at crack surfaces, our methods are based on Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) with a variational energy-based formulation for crack evolution. Our first approach formulates the resulting dynamic material damage evolution with a Ginzburg-Landau type phase-field equation and discretizes it with the Material Point Method (MPM), resulting in a coupled momentum/damage solver rooted in phase field fracture: PFF-MPM. Although our PFF-MPM approach achieves convincing fracture with or without plasticity, we also introduce a return mapping algorithm that can be analytically solved for a wide range of general non-associated plasticity models, achieving more than two times speedup over traditional iterative approaches. To demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm, we also develop a Non-Associated Cam-Clay (NACC) plasticity model with a novel fracture-friendly hardening scheme. Our NACC plasticity paired with traditional MPM composes a second approach to dynamic fracture, as it produces a breadth of organic, brittle material fracture effects on its own. Though NACC and PFF can be combined, we focus on exploring their material effects separately. Both methods can be easily integrated into any existing MPM solver, enabling the simulation of various fracturing materials with extremely high visual fidelity while requiring little additional computational overhead.
Experience-Driven Auditory Attention

In addition to conscious goals and stimulus salience, an observer's prior experience also influences selective attention. Early studies demonstrated experience-driven effects on attention mainly in the visual modality, but increasing evidence shows that experience drives auditory selection as well. We review evidence for a multiple-levels framework of auditory attention, in which experience-driven attention relies on mechanisms that acquire control settings and mechanisms that guide attention towards selected stimuli. Mechanisms of acquisition include cue-target associative learning, reward learning, and sensitivity to prior selection history. Once acquired, implementation of these biases can occur either consciously or unconsciously. Future research should more fully characterize the sources of experience-driven auditory attention and investigate the neural mechanisms used to acquire and implement experience-driven auditory attention.
Fault Monitoring Method Based on Mutual Information and Relative Principal Component Analysis

Due to the influence of dimension standardization in traditional PCA, each variable is in a relatively equal position and loses relative difference. While RPCA is able to solve the problem, it is not easy to calculate the weight for each variable. In order to solve it, in this paper, a kind of fault diagnosis method based on Mutual Information and Relative Principal Component Analysis (MI-RPCA) is proposed. Firstly, select the key variable of the device as quality variable. Secondly, calculate the mutual information between the process variable and the quality variable separately. Mutual information provides a general measure of dependence between two variables. And then, the proportion factor is determined by scaling the mutual information values between the variables. Finally, experiment on centrifugal compressor show that the proposed method performs better in fault detection compared with the traditional PCA method.
Bridging Technology and Psychotherapy: Toward Investigating Psychological and Neural Correlates of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

Generations of therapists can attest to the ability of psychotherapy to effect change in people’s lives, changes that we now know undoubtedly reflect changes in the brain. At the same time, as Gabbard [1] suggests, the need to understand explicitly the neural basis of psychotherapy through scientific research is greater than ever. In this chapter, we review an ongoing study investigating psychological and neural correlates of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in individuals suffering from major depression. The study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first of its kind; most studies to date of neural correlates of psychotherapy have focused on cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy (IPT) ([2], Chap. 9).
Efficient and Flexible Hierarchical Data Layouts for a Unified Encoding of Scalar Field Precision and Resolution

To address the problem of ever-growing scientific data sizes making data movement a major hindrance to analysis, we introduce a novel encoding for scalar fields: a unified tree of resolution and precision, specifically constructed so that valid cuts correspond to sensible approximations of the original field in the precision-resolution space. Furthermore, we introduce a highly flexible encoding of such trees that forms a parameterized family of data hierarchies. We discuss how different parameter choices lead to different trade-offs in practice, and show how specific choices result in known data representation schemes such as zfp [52] , idx [58] , and jpeg 2000 [76] . Finally, we provide system-level details and empirical evidence on how such hierarchies facilitate common approximate queries with minimal data movement and time, using real-world data sets ranging from a few gigabytes to nearly a terabyte in size. Experiments suggest that our new strategy of combining reductions in resolution and precision is competitive with state-of-the-art compression techniques with respect to data quality, while being significantly more flexible and orders of magnitude faster, and requiring significantly reduced resources.
Constructing the Content and Meaning of Law and Compliance

This chapter argues that organizational compliance is best illustrated not by a compliance versus noncompliance dichotomy, but by a processual model in which organizations construct the meaning of both compliance and law. I argue organizations must be understood as social actors that are influenced by widely institutionalized beliefs about legality, morality, politics, and rationality. I review the empirical research in this vein and show how institutionalized conceptions of law and compliance first become widely accepted within the business community and eventually come to be seen as rational and legitimate by public legal actors and institutions and thus influence the very meaning of law. Through two distinct waves of research, I offer a theoretical framework for understanding compliance as a process and by specifying the institutional and political mechanisms through which organizations shape the content and meaning of law. First wave studies laid out the initial framework for how to understand organizations as constructers of legal meaning while second wave studies refined and extended the theory in multiple ways. I suggest the increasing complexity and ambiguity of legal rules provides legal intermediaries greater opportunities to influence what compliance means by filtering what law means through non-legal logics. I conclude by discussing the implications of organizational construction of law and compliance for studies of law, business, and the state and suggest directions for a third wave of research.
Well-Newborn Unit Director Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A BORN Study.

BACKGROUND As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread across the country, well-newborn unit medical directors developed newborn care plans as guidelines and evidence evolved. We chose to examine approaches to newborn care during these early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An electronic survey was administered to well-newborn unit directors in a national network of US well-newborn units in May 2020. Respondents were asked about their approaches to testing, infection prevention, routine newborn care, discharge planning, breastfeeding, rounding, and teaching. RESULTS Of 107 sites, 65 (61%) respondents completed the survey. Respondents estimated a 1% positivity rate of 1198 newborns tested for COVID-19. Most sites (86%) performed universal maternal COVID-19 testing, and most (82%) tested newborns of COVID-19-positive mothers at 24 hours of life (75%). Infection prevention and visitation policies varied. Of respondents, in COVID-19-positive mothers, 28% permitted no visitors, 54% recommended rooming-in with the newborn, 55% encouraged breastfeeding at the breast, 38% deferred routine circumcisions of the newborn, 74% initiated immediate bathing of the newborn, 68% continued standard newborn screening, and 55% modified newborn follow-up plans. Medical directors reported adjustments to rounding and teaching workflow. Content analysis of free-text responses revealed themes related to challenges with changing recommendations, discomfort with mother-infant separation recommendations, innovations, and stress management. CONCLUSIONS Well-newborn units quickly adopted universal maternal testing and testing of exposed newborns. Despite guidelines, we identified variation in the care of newborns of COVID-19-positive mothers. Further investigation of these differences and newborn outcomes is warranted to develop best practices.
Three–dimensional Navier–Stokes simulation for passenger compartment cooling

The Reynolds–averaged Navier–Stokes equations, together with the transport of energy equation, were solved in a time–dependent form to simulate passenger compartment cooling. The effect of air density variation due to temperature was included as a buoyant force term in the analysis through a Boussinesq approximation. These transport equations were discretized, based on a finite volume method in a transformed domain. A general–body fitted curvilinear co–ordinate system was used to model interior geometries in the passenger compartment. The computational results for a J–car passenger compartment cooling showed overall flow information such as the propagation of cold air fronts, turbulent jet penetration and mixing, and buoyance–induced recirculating flows. Comparison of the available experimental data with predictions using isothermal wall boundary conditions showed excellent agreement in the prediction of the front breath–level temperature.
Endovascular stenting for native coarctation of the aorta is an effective alternative to surgical intervention in older children.

Objective. Assess the early and intermediate results with respect to blood pressure control in older children undergoing endovascular stenting for native coarctation of the aorta. Design. Eleven hypertensive patients (10 ± 3 years of age) underwent endovascular stenting via standard techniques for native coarctation of the aorta as an alternative to surgical repair. Resting and exercise assessment of blood pressure control with Doppler echocardiography was performed pre- and poststenting. Results. All 11 patients underwent successful stenting without complications and were able to be weaned off antihypertensive medications within a short period of time. At latest follow-up (34 ± 26 months), all patients are normotensive at rest and during treadmill exercise stress testing. Two patients underwent uncomplicated additional stent dilation at follow-up cardiac catheterization. Conclusion. Endovascular stenting for native coarctation of the aorta in older children is a reasonable alternative to surgical correction. During early follow-up, stenting effectively alleviates the aortic arch obstruction with normalization of the systemic blood pressure both at rest and during maximal exercise.