cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for glycoconjugate in nociceptive primary sensory neurons and its origin from the Golgi complex.

Abstract Glycoconjugates with terminal galactose residues were localized in rat spinal cord and spinal ganglia using lectin-HRP conjugates ofGriffonia simplicifolia andGlycine max agglutinins. Alternate staining of serial sections with HRP-labelled lectins and an antibody for substance P (SP) showed staining in identical primary sensory neurons with both methods. Similarly, lectin-reactive as well as SP-positive fibers were found in Rexed laminae I and II, Lissauer's tract, the spinal nucleus and tract of the trigeminal nerve, the nucleus commissuralis and a small bundle of fibers just ventral to the central canal. Administration of capsaicin to neonatal rats produced a significant decrease in lectin-reactive fibers of the substantia gelatinosa, and in the number of lectin-reactive sensory neurons. The coexistence of SP with galactose-containing glycoconjugates in spinal ganglion neurons, as well as sensitivity of these cells to capsaicin, provided a basis for classifying the reactive neurons as nociceptive in type. Ligation of dorsal roots resulted in disappearance of lectin reactivity in the spinal cord and caused accumulation of lectin-positive material proximal to the ligature, indicating somatofugal transport of galactose-containing glycoconjugates. Colchicine injection caused an increase in SP reactivity in dorsal ganglion neurons but no change in lectin staining of galactoconjugate. At the ultrastructural level affinity for the lectin conjugates was confined to the Golgi cisternae and the plasmalemma of B-type sensory neurons in the dorsal ganglion. The axolemma of unmyelinated processes stained selectively in dorsal roots and the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. These findings provide evidence for the presence in certain sensory cells of a characteristic galactosylconjugate which may prove to be of significance in nerve function.
Male-induced termination of sex pheromone production and receptivity in mated females of Heliothis zea

Abstract Sex pheromone production and sexual receptivity in Heliothis zea females are terminated after mating. Mated females regain these functions on nights following the night of mating. Significant decrease in pheromone titre occurred between 30–60 min following mating. The mating factor was present in the haemolymph of mated females soon after mating but decreased there after. Juvenile hormone did not appear to have a direct effect on termination of pheromone production or receptivity. Mating with castrated males terminated pheromone production and receptivity, indicating the lack of involvement of sperm or other testicular material. Whereas the transfer of a spermatophore was absolutely essential to terminate the above behaviours, evidence pointed to an accompanying male accessory gland secretion rather than the physical presence of the spermatophore itself. Pheromone production in mated females could be restored by the injection of brain-suboesophageal ganglion homogenate, the source of phermone-biosynthesis activating neuropeptide.
Magnetoconductance of pinched silicon accumulation layers.

The magnetoconductance of ultranarrow Si accumulation layers has been measured using a pinched metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. The data have two noteworthy features. First, the electron density inferred from Shubnikov\char21{}de Haas oscillations is much smaller than that expected for our device. Also, structure in the magnetoconductance persists down to low gate voltages where the temperature-dependent conductance appears to be in the limit of one-dimensional strong localization.
Cost-Effectiveness of Trial of Labor after Previous Cesarean in a Minimally Biased Cohort

Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness of a trial of labor after one previous cesarean delivery (TOLAC). Study Design A model comparing TOLAC with elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD) was developed for a hypothetical cohort with no contraindication to a TOLAC. Probabilistic estimates were obtained from women matched on their baseline characteristics using propensity scores. Cost data, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and data on cerebral palsy were incorporated from the literature. Results The TOLAC strategy dominated the ERCD strategy at baseline, with $138.6 million saved and 1703 QALYs gained per 100,000 women. The model was sensitive to five variables: the probability of uterine rupture, the probability of successful TOLAC, the QALY of failed TOLAC, the cost of ERCD, and the cost of successful TOLAC without complications. When the probability of TOLAC success was at the base value, 68.5%, TOLAC was preferred if the probability of uterine rupture was 4.2% or less. When the probability of uterine rupture was at the base value, 0.8%, the TOLAC strategy was preferred as long as the probability of success was 42.6% or more. Conclusion A TOLAC is less expensive and more effective than an ERCD in a group of women with balanced baseline characteristics.
High density polyethylene and poly(ethylene terephthalate) in situ sub-micro-fibril blends as a matrix for wood plastic composites

Abstract Wood plastic composites were prepared based on in situ formed poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) sub-micro-fibril reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrices, using a two-step reactive extrusion technology. The use of ethylene–glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA) copolymer improved phase compatibility in the sub-micro-fibril blends (SMFBs) with 75% HDPE and 25% PET. Most of in situ formed PET fibrils were less than 500 nm in diameter. The PET fibrils obviously increased mechanical properties of the blend, especially the moduli. The subsequent addition of 40 wt.% wood flour did not influence the size and morphology of PET fibrils, and the fibrils and wood fibers had a synergic reinforcement effect on composite properties. Compared with the HDPE/wood composites, the SMFB/wood system had 65% higher tensile strength, 95% higher tensile modulus, 42% higher flexural strength, and 64% higher flexural modulus, respectively. The technology offers a way to use engineering plastics (i.e., PET) for high performance WPC manufacturing.
Expert Psychological Testimony for the Courts. Edited by Mark Costanzo, Daniel Krauss, & Kathy Pezdek

Expert Psychological Testimony for the Courts. Edited by Mark Costanzo, Daniel Krauss, & Kathy Pezdek. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007. Pp. 321. $89.99 cloth; $34.95 paper. In recent decades, the frequency and scope of expert psychological testimony in criminal and civil cases has dramatically increased. This ambitious book, edited by Costanzo, Krauss, and Pezdek, brings together several of these experts to comment on the extent of psychological testimony in the courts, the quality of the scientific evidence on which this testimony is based, the research on how jurors respond to these experts, and how the legal system might be modified in response to current psychological research. The book begins with a detailed analysis of how the courts decided to allow expert psychological testimony, and how the admissibility of such evidence has been the subject of considerable debate within the past 20 years. For those observing the trend toward increased use of expert psychological testimony, of particular concern is the rapidly growing demand for expert psychological witnesses-who are typically offered lucrative compensation-posing a particular threat to the reliability of this expert testimony. A second concern is a seeming propensity of experts to express opinions in court that they would not offer in a peer-reviewed academic journal. A final concern is that these experts may be too prone to advocate for a cause, rather than limiting their remarks to the scope of their scientific knowledge. This list of concerns regarding psychological testimony forms the backdrop for the next nine chapters. Each of these focuses on a particular topic of concern to the legal system and provides a detailed accounting of how psychological research and testimony can and should contribute to legal decisionmaking. These chapters address the following areas: (1) how psychological processes can subjectively influence the seemingly objective interpretation of forensic evidence such as fingerprints and DNA; (2) how psychology can explain police behavior and false confessions; (3) the psychological evidence on faulty eyewitness testimony; (4) the social and organizational climates in which sexual harassment may occur and what factors may explain why a target of harassment may not complain; (5) how research in psychology can contribute to the effective dissemination of mitigating factors to capital jurors making sentencing decisions; (6) how psychological testimony is difficult to apply in current insanity cases, demonstrating the vast divide between psychology and the law for answering the insanity question; (7) psychological research regarding battered woman syndrome and how this information can combat the misinformation jurors typically harbor; (8) expert testimony on predicting future dangerousness in a variety of legal settings; and (9) psychological testimony in custody cases considering the "best interests of the child. …
Multicultural Education: The Mexican Experience.

(1978). Multicultural Education: The Mexican Experience. The Educational Forum: Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 441-449.
Interpolation Problems for Schur Multipliers on the Drury-Arveson Space: from Nevanlinna-Pick to Abstract Interpolation Problem

We survey various increasingly more general operator-theoretic formulations of generalized left-tangential Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation for Schur multipliers on the Drury-Arveson space. An adaptation of the methods of Potapov and Dym leads to a chain-matrix linear-fractional parametrization for the set of all solutions for all but the last of the formulations for the case where the Pick operator is invertible. The last formulation is a multivariable analogue of the Abstract Interpolation Problem formulated by Katsnelson, Kheifets and Yuditskii for the single-variable case; we obtain a Redheffer-type linear-fractional parametrization for the set of all solutions (including in degenerate cases) via an adaptation of ideas of Arov and Grossman.
Evidence for protonated cyclopropane intermediates in crossed-beam ion molecule reactions

Abstract The structure of C4H+8 intermediate formed in the gas-phase reaction of C2H4 with C2H+4 has been the subject of much speculation due to its importance as a test case for theories of unimolecular decay. Isotopically labeled product distributions from recent crossed-beam studies and previous mass-spectrometer observations suggest a methyl-substituted protonated cyclopropane as a possible structure. Experimental evidence strongly indicates a long-lived intermediate in which the ring hydrogens are completely randomized prior to unimolecular decay of the complex.
An explanation of how split melt processing can enhance the critical current density of Bi2212 round wires based on examination of bubble size and density formed in the melt

The recent discovery that gas bubbles formed in the melt state are a major current-limiting mechanism in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi2212) round wires has prompted explicit examination of the bubble density in split melt processed samples which, under optimized 1 bar processing conditions, can exhibit significant (30–50%) enhancement of critical current density, Jc. By examining quenched and furnace-cooled samples from different points in the split melt processing (SMP), we found that the bubble size correlates well to the Jc. Compared with standard processed samples, the bubble size is smaller in SMP samples which are cooled directly to room temperature by an intermediate cooling from the first melt before being reheated to the second melt. Bubble size and density observations suggest that Jc can only be increased when bubble growth in the second melt is prevented by very tight control of the reheat temperature. Smaller bubble size is favorable for Jc because filament connectivity is determined by the effectiveness of bubble bridging by Bi2212 grain growth on cooling from the second melt. Because SMP appears to allow higher Jc by shrinking bubble size rather than by diminishing the bubble volume fraction, we conclude that SMP is unlikely to offer benefits to newer processes like over-pressure processing which raise Jc much more significantly by full Bi2212 densification and bubble elimination.
Thermoelastoplastic Stress Analysis of a Thick-Walled Tube of Nonlinear Strain Hardening

In pressure vessel technology or nuclear power plants, some of the mechanical components are often subjected to rapid heating. If the temperature gradient during such process is high enough, thermoelastoplastic stresses may be developed in the components. These plastic deformations are permanent and may result in the incremental deformation of the structure in the long term. Accordingly, determination of thermoelastoplastic stresses during this process is an important factor in design. In this paper, a thick-walled cylinder of nonlinear strain hardening is considered for the thermoelastoplastic analysis. The properties of the material are assumed to be temperature dependent. The cylinder is subject to rapid heating of the inside surface while the outside surface is kept at the room temperature. A quasi-static and uncoupled thermoelastoplastic analysis based on incremental theory of plasticity is developed and a numerical procedure for successive elastic approximation is presented. The thermoelastoplastic stresses developed during this process are also presented. The effect of strain hardening and temperature dependency of material on the results are investigated.
The cross-curriculum mobile computing labware for CS (abstract only)

Advanced mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets have become a part of daily lives for digital native students today. The integration of mobile computing with these devices into multiple courses in computer science (CS) curriculum will connect the education to leading-edge information technologies, motivate and engage students in CS learning, fill in the gap with IT industry needs, and help faculties build strong expertise on modern mobile computing. Meanwhile, the hands-on experience with mobile computing will supply the students with a better understanding of the classical CS concepts. In this paper, we propose to develop a cross-curriculum labware based on the Android platform to introduce the knowledge and practice of a wide range of CS subjects with smart phones and tablets.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is a genetic cardiomyopathy characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and structural abnormalities of the right ventricle (RV). The most important aspect in the treatment of ARVD/C is establishing a correct diagnosis based on the International Task Force criteria. In our experience, cardiologists are not aware of these diagnostic criteria for ARVD/C and place too much importance on the results of magnetic resonance imaging of the RV. Patients with ARVD/C generally all have an abnormal 12-lead electrocardiogram, abnormal echocardiogram, and ventricular arrhythmias with a left bundle branch block morphology. If noninvasive testing suggests ARVD, invasive testing with an RV angiogram, RV biopsy, and electrophysiology study are recommended. We encourage patients to participate in the National Institutes of Health-sponsored multicenter clinical trial of ARVD/C (http://www.ARVD.comorhttp://www.ARVD.org). Once a diagnosis of ARVD/C is established, the main treatment decision involves whether to implant an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). ICDs are recommended for patients who have experienced syncope, sudden death, or a sustained ventricular arrhythmia, and also for patients with overt evidence of ARVD, particularly if the electrophysiology study is abnormal or there is a family history of sudden death. We also recommend treatment of patients with ARVD/C with beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and that all patients with ARVD/C be screened for a mutation in the gene for plakophilin-2, because this is present in more than one third of patients with ARVD/C and may be helpful in the management of first-degree relatives.
Do we owe it all to Darwin? The adequacy of evolutionary psychology as an explanation for gender differences in aggression

Gender differences in aggression are highly variable; there is significant evidence that this variability is as much a function of social and cultural conditions as evolutionary processes. While some of these conditions may reflect resource scarcities as Campbell proposes, others are inconsistent with her perspective or are explained equally well by other perspectives.
The demographic context of recent change in the structure of American households

This article examines recent changes in the structure of American households within the context of broad population changes. Decreases in married-couple households and increases in single-parent households are almost entirely due to the changing patterns of marriage, divorce, fertility, and child custody; headship rates for families have remained relatively stable. Increases in single-person and other nonfamily households are due to increases in the size of the unmarried, childless population and to the aging of this population. Increasing propensities to live alone or with nonrelatives were observed between 1970and 1980,but these behavioral changes have abated during the early 1980s.
Vegetarian and weight-loss diets among young adults.

Objective: Young adults frequently experiment with vegetarian and weight-loss diets. Comparisons of their experiences on these two different diets may help in the development of approaches to improve long-term adherence to weight-loss regimens. In the current study vegetarian and weight-loss diets were compared on how long and how strictly they were followed, and reasons why they were initiated and discontinued. Research Methods and Procedures: From 428 college students surveyed, four groups were delineated: 1) 59 participants had been following a vegetarian diet but not a weight-loss diet (Vegetarian), 2) 117 participants had tried a weight-loss diet but not a vegetarian diet (Weight Loss), 3) 133 participants had followed both a vegetarian and a weight-loss diet (Both), and 4) 119 participants had not tried either diet (Neither). Results: Differences were examined by comparing the Vegetarian and Weight-Loss groups as well as by comparing the two diets within the Both group. Duration of the vegetarian diet was much greater than the weight-loss diet; most participants in the Vegetarian group (62%) remained on their diet for more than 1 year, whereas the majority of the Weight-Loss participants (61%) followed their diet for 1 to 3 months. Similar results were found when comparing the two diets within the Both group. How strictly the two diets were followed, however, did not differ. Analyses revealed that reasons for discontinuing a diet varied; participants were more likely to cite boredom as a reason for discontinuing a weight-loss diet than a vegetarian diet (53% vs. 5% between groups and 30% vs. 10% within the Both group). Discussion: The longer duration of the vegetarian diet relative to the weight-loss diet warrants further investigation. Results could possibly be applied to behavioral weight-loss treatment to improve long-term maintenance.
8‐Methoxypsoralen and Ultraviolet A Radiation Activate the Human Elastin Promoter in Transgenic Mice: In vivo and in vitro Evidence for Gene Induction

Treatment of skin diseases with the combination of 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) results in clinical alterations in treated skin that resemble those observed in chronically photodamaged skin. The PUVA-treated patients develop nonmelanoma skin cancers, pigmentary alterations and wrinkling characteristic of sun-induced changes. The major alteration in the dermis of sun-damaged skin is the deposition of abnormal elastic fibers, termed solar elastosis. Up-regulation of elastin promoter activity in dermal fibroblasts explains the excess elastic tissue but not the reason for the aberrant morphology of the elastotic material. In order to study photoaging in an experimental system, we utilized a transgenic mouse line that expresses the human elastin promoter/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct in a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated manner. Although UVB radiation has been demonstrated to increase promoter activity in vitro, UVA fails to demonstrate a similar effect at the doses utilized. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of PUVA treatment to up-regulate elastin promoter activity both in vitro and in vivo. These data help to explain the development of photoaging in sun-protected PUVA-treated skin. We attribute the up-regulation of elastin promoter activity in response to PUVA to the formation of DNA photoadducts, which do not occur in response to UVA radiation alone.
Metastability Behavior of Supersaturated Bile

Major discrepancies exist between both the degree (or cholesterol excess limit) and duration of metastable cholesterol supersaturation in concentrated model biles and native human gallbladder bile. The comparatively reduced metastability of in vitro model systems suggests that a stabilizing factor is absent in these more concentrated systems. In contrast, the metastable supersaturation behavior of the dilute model and hepatic biles is similar particularly with respect to their markedly prolonged metastability, i.e., nucleation time. These observations suggest that changes in the lipid component alone (e.g., structural alterations resulting from dilution) could account for the similarity. The structural component in hepatic biles and in comparable dilute model systems appears to be small unilamellar vesicles which have an unusual duration of metastability and a high capacity for cholesterol transport. In this sense, metastability properties characteristic of pure micellar systems are neither observed nor to be expected in human hepatic bile and are only partially responsible for metastability in gallbladder bile.
Thrombopoietin alone or in the presence of stem cell factor supports the growth of KIT(CD117)low/ MPL(CD110)+ human mast cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells

Objectives Thrombopoietin (TPO) is known to promote platelet number, have growth-promoting potential for human megakaryocytes (HuMKs), and increase erythrocyte, monocyte, mast cell, and granulocyte numbers in the presence of additional growth factors. We explored the ability of TPO alone or in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF) to support human mast cells (HuMCs). Methods CD34 + pluripotent and CD34 + /CD117 + /CD13 + HuMC progenitor cells were cultured in rhTPO and examined for HuMCs. Similarly, we added rhTPO to CD34 + cells cultured in stem cell factor (SCF), which promotes HuMC development. Results When CD34 + cells were cultured in 10 ng/mL rhTPO and 10 ng/mL rhSCF, TPO enhanced HuMC numbers compared to rhSCF alone. Higher concentrations of rhTPO (50 ng/mL) in the presence of 100 ng/mL rhSCF inhibited the rhSCF-dependent subpopulation of CD117 high HuMCs, while promoting CD117 low HuMCs. Human CD34 + /CD117 + /CD13 + cells cultured in rhTPO alone for 1 to 2 weeks differentiated into CD41 + /CD110 + HuMKs (85–90%) and FceRI + /CD117 low /CD13 + HuMCs (5–10%). RhTPO-induced HuMCs expressed the TPO (CD110) receptor, tryptase, and chymase and survived when recultured in rhSCF. Conclusion The effect of TPO on HuMCs in the presence of rhSCF varies, depending on the relative concentration of each growth factor, while TPO alone or in combination with rhSCF supports a unique population of CD117 low /CD110 + HuMCs.
Observation of higher-order Raman modes in C60 films.

Raman spectra for oxygen-free solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ films were obtained at T=20 and 523 K. Using higher laser intensity at temperatures where photopolymerization is not important, over 100 Raman lines were observed and assigned to combination and overtone scattering from intramolecular vibrational modes and to otherwise Raman-inactive modes activated by isotopic substitution ${(}^{13}$${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$${\mathrm{C}}_{59}$). Values for nearly all of the silent mode frequencies are thereby obtained.
Array logic macros

A macro design approach is discussed which combines the cost-effective attributes of array logic structures with those of random logic. These macros utilize the following features: (a) internal feedback registers for performing sequential logic, (b) masking and submasking to reduce the number of words in the array for certain functions, (c) control of the array's output level to vary the apparent size of the array, (d) decoding on input pairs and/or EXCLUSIVE ORing on output pairs for increasing the number of logic levels, and (e) random-access memory in the feedback and its use in interrupt handling. The macros are explained by specific design examples. This paper also discusses standard logic circuits in combination with an array structure to produce a component that can be used efficiently in specific data processing areas. The designer may elect to define an array logic macro which is a combination of some of the features given in this paper. The guideline for this selection is based upon the features necessary in an array structure to bec ompetitive with a random logic LSI chip.
The native vitellogenin of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae

Vitellogenin from the haemolymph of vitellogenic females can be reliably identified only through precipitation with anti-vitellogenin. On the other hand, vitellogenin from the growing oocytes is conveniently identified by distilled water precipitation, since it becomes insoluble in low ionic strength media. Haemolymph vitellogenin was purified by anion-exchange chromatography on QAE resins followed by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl gradients. This yielded an immunologically pure compound which gave, however, two bands on polyacrylamide gels. The faster moving of the two proteins has a mol. wt of 2.57 × 105 daltons while the slower moving one weighs 5.25 × 105 daltons: both proteins react with the same anti-vitellogenin. It is concluded from this that the heavier protein is the native vitellogenin, and that varying portions of it degrade during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In polyacrylamide gels these degraded portions may be inadvertently classified as the actual vitellogenin whereas the native molecule migrates very closely with other non-sex specific proteins and is thus not recognized.
Microwave signatures from a reconnecting plasma pinch, with application to loop flares

A calculation is made of microwave signature of a cylindrical plasma pinch undergoing magnetic reconnection, a process which occurs in many astrophysical situations, such as solar flares. Depending on the viewing angle and the average energy of the accelerated electrons, the microwaves from this betatron-like source show various amounts of circular polarization. The degree of polarization is shown to be frequency dependent, and the sense of polarization is sometimes reversed. The power spectrum is predicted to have several interesting properties, which can be compared with high-resolution measurements.
Posttransplantation Systemic Immunomodulation with SA-FasL–Engineered Donor Splenocytes Has Robust Efficacy in Preventing Cardiac Allograft Rejection in Mice

Apoptosis induced by the engagement of FasL with Fas receptor on the surface of lymphocytes is an important immune homeostatic mechanism that ensures tolerance to self-antigens under normal physiologic conditions. As such, FasL has been extensively tested as a tolerogenic molecule with the use of gene therapy in settings of autoimmunity and transplantation with conflicting outcomes. Although the mechanistic basis of these contradictory observations is largely unknown, the use of wild-type FasL and the means by which the gene was expressed may provide an explanation. To overcome these complications, we generated a chimeric FasL protein with streptavidin (SA-FasL) having potent apoptotic activity and displayed this molecule effectively and rapidly on biotinylated biologic membranes for immunomodulation. In the present study, we displayed SA-FasL on the surface of BALB/c splenocytes and injected 5 × 106 cells intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 recipients of BALB/c heart grafts on days 1, 3, and 5 after-transplantation. To control initial graft-reactive immune responses and facilitate FasL-mediated apoptosis, rapamycin was used as an immunosuppressant at 0.2 mg/kg daily for a total of 15 doses immediately after heart transplantation. All mice injected with SA-FasL–engineered donor splenocytes accepted their grafts during the 100-day observation period. In marked contrast, immunomodulation with control streptavidin protein-engineered BALB/c splenocytes had minimal effect on graft survival (mean survival, 21.4 ± 1.5 d). Taken together, these results establish posttransplantation systemic immunomodulation with SA-FasL–engineered donor splenocytes under transient cover of rapamycin as an effective regimen in preventing cardiac allograft rejection in rodents with important clinical implications.
Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: An integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction.

This research offers a new theory predicting the effects of three exchange variables, job satisfaction, investment size, and quality of alternatives, on four general responses to dissatisfaction—exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Three studies designed to test model predictions' received good support. High satisfaction and investment encouraged voice and loyalty and discouraged exit and neglect. Satisfaction and investment interacted, with variations in investment most strongly promoting voice given high satisfaction. Better alternatives encouraged exit and voice and discouraged loyalty. However, there was no link between alternatives and neglect.
Support of a bi-faceted role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in ERα-positive breast cancer cells

The expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in breast cancer identifies patients most likely to respond to endocrine treatment. The second ER, ERβ, is also expressed in breast tumors, but its function and therapeutic potential need further study. Although in vitro studies have established that ERβ opposes transcriptional and proliferative functions of ERα, several clinical studies report its correlation with proliferative markers and poorer prognosis. The data demonstrate that ERβ opposes ERα are primarily based on transient expression of ERβ. Here, we explored the functions of constitutively expressed ERβ in ERα-positive breast cancer lines MCF7 and T47D. We found that ERβ, under these conditions heterodimerized with ERα in the presence and absence of 17β-estradiol, and induced genome-wide transcriptional changes. Widespread anti-ERα signaling was, however, not observed and ERβ was not antiproliferative. Tamoxifen antagonized proliferation and ER-mediated gene regulation both in the presence and absence of ERβ. In conclusion, ERβ's role in cells adapted to its expression appears to differ from its role in cells with transient expression. Our study is important because it provides a deeper understanding of ERβ's role in breast tumors that coexpress both receptors and supports an emerging bi-faceted role of ERβ.
Formalizing forcing arguments in subsystems of second-order arithmetic

Abstract We show that certain model-theoretic forcing arguments involving subsystems of second-order arithmetic can be formalized in the base theory, thereby converting them to effective proof-theoretic arguments. We use this method to sharpen the conservation theorems of Harrington and Brown-Simpson, giving an effective proof that WKL+0 is conservative over RCA0 with no significant increase in the lengths of proofs.
A Network Diffusion Model of Disease Progression in Dementia

Patterns of dementia are known to fall into dissociated but dispersed brain networks, suggesting that the disease is transmitted along neuronal pathways rather than by proximity. This view is supported by neuropathological evidence for "prion-like" transsynaptic transmission of disease agents like misfolded tau and beta amyloid. We mathematically model this transmission by a diffusive mechanism mediated by the brain's connectivity network obtained from tractography of 14 healthy-brain MRIs. Subsequent graph theoretic analysis provides a fully quantitative, testable, predictive model of dementia. Specifically, we predict spatially distinct "persistent modes," which, we found, recapitulate known patterns of dementia and match recent reports of selectively vulnerable dissociated brain networks. Model predictions also closely match T1-weighted MRI volumetrics of 18 Alzheimer's and 18 frontotemporal dementia subjects. Prevalence rates predicted by the model strongly agree with published data. This work has many important implications, including dimensionality reduction, differential diagnosis, and especially prediction of future atrophy using baseline MRI morphometrics.
Subduction of the Nazca plate beneath central Peru

Two alternative models have been proposed for subduction of the Nazca plate beneath central Peru. The first, based principally on seismicity, postulates shallow subduction with a plate dip of 10° to 15°. The second, based on the analysis of converted seismic waves, anelasticity structure, and seismicity at depths less than 90 km, postulates steeper (that is, normal) subduction with a plate dip near 30°. A detailed study of the spatial distribution of earthquakes beneath central Peru shows that seismicity beneath the continent tends to be confined to small, active clusters. One such cluster occurs at intermediate depth about 700 km from the trench and forms a primary basis for the shallow-subduction model. Other subcontinental clusters that occur throughout central Peru at shallower depths can not be related directly to the downgoing plate. Apart from the intermediate cluster, there is little seismic evidence for a shallow seismic plane beneath central Peru; this suggests that the location of that cluster is fortuitous. Other geophysical evidence, including the pattern of seismicity at depths <90 km and observations of seismic waves converted or reflected at the top of the descending plate, indicates a dip of about 30°. Consonant with that evidence are geologic and geochemical results which show that undersaturated alkalic rocks of eastern Peru were probably related to a subduction zone of 300- to 400-km depth (∼30° dip) as recently as 5 m.y. ago. In the model that presumes steep subduction, the descending plate is nearly aseismic below about 90 km, and the intermediate-depth earthquakes that are observed hundreds of kilometres east of the trench lie within the thick lithospheric block of the South American continent.
Vendor support of industry analysts

Abstract This paper reports on primary research conducted in 1991–1996 with approximately 150 industry analysts who follow the computer and communications (C&C) industries. It shows why analysts matter to C&C vendors and why those vendors spend tens of millions of dollars per year to support them. It then discusses the vendor support items that analysts consider important and which firms in those industries, according to analysts, support them better than others. It also gives recommendations for analyst support programs.
The effect of nickel content on the fracture behaviour of Cu-Al-Niβ-phase alloys

The fracture behaviour of Cu-14 wt% Al alloys has been studied as a function of nickel content varying from 0 to 10 wt%. It was found that the presence of a brittle phaseγ2 at the grain boundaries is responsible for intergranular fracture in low nickel alloys. Severe intergranular embrittlement exhibited by high nickel alloys in not associated with any precipitate at the grain boundaries. In fact when high nickel alloys are cooled slowly, a ductile phase (α) forms along the grain boundaries that resists the propagation of crack through grain boundaries and the fracture is transgranular.
An Improved Peeling Decoder Scheme

For the channel coding over binary erasure channel (BEC), peeling decoder (PD) is one of the most powerful and efficient decoder, especially suitable for the transmission of multimedia streams. In this paper, an improved PD scheme is proposed that can recover some or all lost information bits that a traditional PD fails. Simulation results show that the performance of the decoder is improved effectively with a small increase in computational complexity.
Dating Violence: The Primacy of Previous Experience:

Data concerning dating violence were collected from 410 university and college students. Descriptive information on the rate and type of such violence was examined along with information on the gender of individuals involved. The relative contributions of five sets of factors to the occurrence of dating violence were investigated: past experiences with violence, attitudes, personality factors, the nature of the relationship, and socioeconomic status. The results indicate that 47 percent of the respondents had some experience with violence in a dating relationship. The majority of these experiences were reciprocal in nature with both partners violent at some time. When the violence was not reciprocal, males were three times as likely to report victim-only experiences than were females. Multiple regression analysis showed violent experiences in previous relationships to be the main predictor of violent experiences in current relationships.
The Role for Prudence Before Describing Novel Infectious Etiologies for Acute Pancreatitis. The Experience of One Institution Before Describing Influenza B Pancreatitis

Context While the majority of acute pancreatitis is secondary to alcohol and gallstones in the developed world, infectious causes are recognized and recent evidence has linked influenza A to acute pancreatitis. Case report We report a patient with acute pancreatitis deemed secondary to influenza B virus; however considering this would be the first reported case, retesting showed that the initial PCR was falsely positive and a system-wide contamination discovered that unearthed other false negatives. Conclusions While research must continue to describe novel infectious etiologies of acute pancreatitis, caution must be exercised before new associations are described. New tests are leading to increasing incidence and prevalence of disease and while such testing generally has high sensitivity and specificity, the role for false results still exists. Image: Extensive peripancreatic inflammatory changes and stranding.
Beta-diversity on deep-sea wood falls reflects gradients in energy availability

Wood falls on the deep-sea floor represent a significant source of energy into the food-limited deep sea. Unique communities of primarily wood- and sulfide-obligate species form on these wood falls. However, little is known regarding patterns and drivers of variation in the composition of wood fall communities through space and time, and thus, how wood falls contribute to deep-sea biodiversity. Eighteen Acacia logs varying in size were placed and retrieved after five years at a 3200 m site in the Pacific Ocean. We found that the taxonomic composition and structure of deep-sea wood fall communities varied considerably and equated with considerable differences in energy usage and availability. Our findings suggest that natural variability in wood falls may contribute significantly to deep-sea diversity.
Architecture and Performance of A Next-Generation Optical Burst Switch (OBS)

Optical burst switching (OBS) is a promising technique for next-generation optical switching networks which attempts to address the problem of efficiently allocating resources for bursty traffic. In traditional OBS, an entire burst is discarded when all output wavelengths are engaged at the arrival instant of the burst. A critical design issue in OBS is how to reduce burst dropping probability as a result of resource contention. This paper proposes new core node architecture to provide a combined impact for an effective scheduling algorithm that improves burst loss rate and utilization in OBS switches. The new design provides an effective optical burst switching for variable-length bursts with low complexity compared to several existing scheduling algorithms. A combined contention resolution approach of wavelength reassignment capability and limited delay is used.
Comorbid cognitive impairment and functional trajectories in low vision rehabilitation for macular disease.

Background and aims: Comorbid cognitive impairment is common among visually impaired older adults. This study investigated whether baseline cognitive status predicts functional trajectories among older adults in low vision rehabilitation (LVR) for macular disease. Methods: The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status — modified (TICS-m) was administered to macular disease patients aged ≥65 years receiving outpatient LVR. Mixed models assessed the rate of change in instrumental activities of daily living and visual function measures over a mean follow-up of 115 days. Results: Of 91 participants, 17 (18.7%) had cognitive impairment (TICS-m score ≤27) and 23 (25.3%) had marginal impairment (TICS-m scores 28 to 30). Controlling for age and gender, baseline cognitive status did not predict most functional outcomes. However, participants with marginal cognitive impairment experienced worse functional trajectories in ability to prepare meals (p=0.03) and activities that require distance vision (p=0.05). Conclusion: Patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment should not be excluded from LVR, but programs should be prepared to detect and accommodate a range of cognitive ability.
Potential new therapies for the treatment of acute pancreatitis

The treatment of acute pancreatitis has remained virtually unchanged for the past 50 years, in large part due to a poor understanding of the initial intracellular events. Furthermore, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the mediator(s) responsible for the progression of the disease from local pancreatic inflammation to a systemic inflammatory disease, as well as the mediator(s) responsible for distant organ dysfunction and failure. With recent advances in the pathophysiology of pancreatitis, in particular the role of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-1 β, tumour necrosis factor α and platelet-activating factor, the potential for new effective therapies has been realised. At present, a number of inflammatory mediator antagonists are being tested in humans, with the hope that we may soon develop a specific treatment for a disease, which thus far, has none.
Use of an In Vitro Model of Renal Replacement Therapy Systems to Estimate Extracorporeal Drug Removal

The use of in vitro modeling to predict in vivo drug and solute clearance during renal replacement therapy has evolved to reflect the different dialytic therapies available in clinical practice. This area of renal replacement therapy research is representative of translational research that demonstrates a correlation from bench to bedside where results generated in the laboratory can assist with clinical decisions in the absence of in vivo studies. This review describes in vitro renal replacement therapy models and compares the findings of several in vitro and in vivo studies.
In vivo confocal microscopy of equine fungal keratitis.

Objective To describe in vivo corneal confocal microscopy of horses with fungal keratitis and correlate findings with clinical, histopathological, and microbiological evaluations of clinical cases and an ex vivo experimental equine fungal keratitis model. Animals studied A total of 12 horses with naturally-acquired fungal keratitis and ex vivo equine corneas experimentally infected with clinical fungal isolates. Procedures Horses with naturally-acquired fungal keratitis were examined with a modified Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II and Rostock Cornea Module. Confocal microscopy images of clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, and Candida albicans were obtained by examination of in vitro cultures and experimentally infected ex vivo equine corneas. Results Non-specific in vivo corneal confocal microscopic findings in horses with fungal keratitis included leukocyte infiltrates, activated keratocytes, anterior stromal dendritic cell infiltrates, and vascularization. Linear, branching, hyper-reflective structures that were 2–6 μm in width and 200 to >400 μm in length were detected in all horses with filamentous fungal keratitis. Round to oval hyper-reflective structures that were 2–8 μm in diameter were detected in a horse with yeast fungal keratitis. The in vivo confocal microscopic appearance of the organisms was consistent with fungal morphologies observed during examination of in vitro cultures and infected ex vivo equine corneas. Conclusions In vivo corneal confocal microscopy is a rapid and non-invasive method of diagnosing fungal keratitis in the horse. This imaging technique is useful for both ulcerative and non-ulcerative fungal keratitis, and is particularly advantageous for confirming the presence of fungi in deep corneal stromal lesions.
Global regulation of uncertain manipulators using bounded controls

This paper considers the position regulation problem for uncertain robot manipulators in the presence of constraints on the available actuator torques, and proposes two new controllers as solutions to this problem. The first controller is derived under the assumption that the manipulator state is measurable, while the second strategy is developed for those applications in which only position measurements are available. Each scheme consists of a nonadaptive component for gross position control and an adaptive component to ensure convergence to the desired position. The controllers are computationally simple, require very little information regarding the manipulator model or the payload, and ensure that the position error is globally convergent. The capabilities of the proposed control strategies are illustrated though both computer simulations and laboratory experiments with an IMI Zebra Zero manipulator.
The ATLAS muon and tau triggers

The ATLAS experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) deploys a three-level processing scheme for the trigger system. The development of fast trigger algorithms and the design of topological selections are the main challenges to allow for a large program of physics analyses. In the following, two of the ATLAS trigger signatures are described: the muon and the tau triggers. The structure of the three levels of these two trigger signatures are explained in detail as well as their performance during the first three years of operation.
Acquiring the Habit of Changing Governments Through Elections

Changing governments through elections is a rare and a recent practice. Yielding office the first time is foreboding because it entails the risk that the gesture would not be reciprocated, but the habit develops rapidly once the first step is taken. This article provides evidence for these assertions by examining about 3,000 elections in the world since 1788.
Experimental Study of Information Measure and Inter-Intra Class Distance Ratios on Feature Selection and Orderings

This paper describes the results of experimental investigation of two-feature evaluation criteria, i.e., inter-intra class distance ratio and information content measure. These two indirect statistical measures take into account higher order statistical redundancies among the feature being evaluated. The algorithms are first presented and then they are applied and compared to recognize handprinted alphanumeric characters. Both Highleyman's data and raw data obtained in the Signal Processing Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, were used for the study. It is believed that the criteria can be used for other applications and can especially be used where the statistical independency among features is not assumed.