cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Complexity in Antitrust a Virtue? The Accuracy-Simplicity Tradeoff

With the increasing technical sophistication in economic theory and econometric estimation, antitrust assessments have become increasingly complex. Calls to incorporate additional considerations such as business strategy, managerial acumen, externalities, and consumer error would add to this complexity. Such technical advancements and added dimensions to assessments come at a cost. Business managers require expensive legal and economic consultation to ascertain if a proposed practice, merger, or venture may violate the antitrust laws. Judges and juries face similar difficulties in determining liability. The pendulum perhaps should shift back toward simplicity. Simplicity is consistent with different views regarding strict or loose concentration standards, the role of intent, or criteria for per se legality or illegality of various practices. Recognizing simplicity may reopen historical debates over whether economic welfare or other considerations—political power, the right to ply one's trade, the “competi...
AgJOBS: New Solution or New Problem?

Over half of the workers employed on U.S. farms are not authorized to work in the United States. An historic compromise between employer and worker advocates in September 2003 would legalize some currently unauthorized workers and make it easier for farmers to obtain guest workers, but is unlikely to change the farm labor market, so that the percentage of unauthorized workers is likely to climb again.
Smart cards and product-development strategies in the electronics industry in Japan

Because studies of the motor-vehicle industry are numerous and well known, especially outside Japan, technology management practices that are specific to the auto industry are thought to be pervasive and nearly universal in Japan. However, by examining aspects of Toshiba's product-development strategies in smart-card technology, such as early integration of suppliers, mutually advantageous partnering, and so-called strong product-development organization, this research affirms that industry and line of business matter in product development, even in Japan.
Epidermal stem cells ride the circadian wave

An intriguing study shows that, in epidermal progenitor cells, circadian genes are expressed in successive waves that modulate responses to differentiation signals.
Dead time effects in non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications.

By exploiting unique properties of the atmospheric propagation of radiation in the deep-ultraviolet band (200–300 nm), ultraviolet communications (UVC) offers the novel possibility of establishing non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical links. UVC systems often employ photon-counting receivers, which may exhibit nonideal behavior owing to dead time, a period of time after the detection of a photon during which such a receiver is unable to detect subsequently impinging photons. In this paper, we extend a NLOS UVC channel model to account for dead time and then use this extended model to study the effects of dead time in representative system scenarios. Experimentally collected channel-sounding data is then used for model validation and real-world illustration of these effects. Finally, we investigate the effect of dead time on communication performance. The results demonstrate that dead time can have a significant impact in practical communication scenarios and suggest the usefulness of the proposed modeling framework in developing receiver designs that compensate for dead time effects.
Developing Management Strategies for a Changing Ranching Industry

In addition to the traditional knowledge, skills, and tools discussed in Rangelands, the successful man agement of ranches and rangeland resources in the future will require new knowledge, skills, and tools. The articles from the King Ranch Institute for Ranch Management's 2007 HOLT CAT? Excellence in Ranch Management Symposium published in this issue of Rangelands are meant to do just that: provide the reader with new knowledge, skills, and tools for the successful management of the ranches and rangelands that we love and have dedicated our careers to. The first in the section, by Barry Dunn and Kimberly McCuistion, outlines the strate gic planning process. Strategic management has been hailed as one of the top innovations in the business world, and although it might be new to range and ranch management, its proven track record in other applications gives it tremen dous credibility. The second article, by Austin Anderson and Kimberly McCuistion, discusses the practical applica tion of the management of rangeland for both wildlife and grazing livestock. We offer this pragmatic review of the literature as proof that at an operational level, range management doesn't have to be a matter of "either/or" but very successfully can be "both." The third article, by Doug Wilmeth, Brian Bertelsen, and Dan Probert, introduces an emerging livestock marketing alternative for ranchers: value based marketing alliances, and how they might be employed as part of a successful ranch management strategy. The fourth article, by Jim Mintert, outlines the emerging ethanol industry and discusses its impact on ranchers. These articles, although seemingly disconnected, are meant not only to inform the reader about specific strategies and an emerging scenario, but also to stimulate thought about other possible strategies to deal with other emerging scenarios. The challenge, then, is for ranchers and rangeland mangers to use the strategic planning process outlined in the first article to successfully navigate these dynamic times.
Solar Scientific, Inc.

The purpose of this case is to illustrate the numerous financial accounting and reporting issues associated with the issuance of corporate bonds at less than face value. The case requires students to calculate the effective semiannual interest rate and to prepare a bond amortization schedule. It should be used with the Sun Batteries, Inc., case (UVA-C-2120).
Extracting seismic attenuation coefficients from cross-correlations of ambient noise at linear triplets of stations

S U M M A R Y We develop and apply an algorithm for deriving interstation seismic attenuation from crosscorrelations of ambient noise recorded by linear arrays. Theoretical results on amplitude decay due to attenuation are used to form a linear least-square inversion for interstation QR values of Rayleigh surface waves propagating along linear arrays having three or more stations. The noise wave field is assumed stationary within each day and the interstation distances should be greater than the employed wavelength. The inversion uses differences of logarithmic amplitude decay curves measured at different stations from cross-correlation functions within a given frequency band. The background attenuation between noise sources and receivers is effectively cancelled with this method. The site amplification factors are assumed constant (or following similar patterns) in the frequency band of interest. The inversion scheme is validated with synthetic tests using ambient noise generated by ray-theory-based calculations with heterogeneous attenuation and homogenous velocity structure. The interstation attenuation and phase velocity dispersion curves are inverted from cross-correlations of the synthetic data. The method is then applied to triplets of stations from the regional southern California seismic network crossing theMojave section of the San Andreas fault, and a dense linear array crossing the southern San Jacinto Fault zone. Bootstrap technique is used to derive empirical mean and confidence interval for the obtained inverse Q values. The results for the regional stations yield QR values around 25 for a frequency band 0.2–0.36 Hz. The results for the San Jacinto fault zone array give QR values of about 6–30 for frequencies in the range 15–25 Hz.
Algebraic and Arithmetic Properties of Period Maps

We survey recent developments in Hodge theory which are closely tied to families of CY varieties, including Mumford-Tate groups and boundary components, as well as limits of normal functions and generalized Abel-Jacobi maps. While many of the techniques are representation-theoretic rather than motivic, emphasis is placed throughout on the (known and conjectural) arithmetic properties accruing to geometric variations.
Transnational Voyages: Reflections on Teaching Exodus to North Korea

Few courses are more difficult to teach than Modern Japan. While the myths, stereotypes, and deep sensitivities that cling to Japanese history might be held responsible for this difficulty, no less culpable are the relentlessly churning printing presses. The whole idea of “staying current” with scholarship on modern Japan, and the quest for the perfect combination of course texts, seems always out of reach and remains intimidating for scholars trained primarily in Chinese or Korean history. Naturally, reading the latest scholarship in order to lard one’s lectures with new details is a joy, but preparing to teach from a completely new monograph is a different and more daunting matter. And so my colleagues can be forgiven for being dismissive when a recommendation is advanced for yet another text to read and incorporate into their syllabi on modern Japanese history. In an environment of turbulence, transformation, and controversy, not changing one’s syllabus might be considered a mark of serenity and success.
Theory of volume transitions in polyelectrolyte gels

We present the key assumptions and results of a newly developed theory in order to account for the self-consistent cascade effects of counterion condensation and volume collapse of polyeletrolyte gels. In the present theory, the role of the specificity and valency of counterions on the volume transitions are also treated. These features and the fluctuations of monomer concentration and local electrolyte charge density are included on top of the familiar features of the Flory-Huggins theory and the classical rubber elasticity theory in the previously used Flory-Dusek-Patterson-Tanaka theory of polyelectrolyte gels. We have computed the swelling equilibria by satisfying the multicomponent nature of the system and the Donnan equilibria. A few major effects are illustrated in terms of the dependence of volume transition on the solvent quality, temperature, salt concentration, valency and specificity of the counterion, and polymer charge density. Criteria for the emergence of a reentrant volume transition are also derived.
Automatic polar ice thickness estimation from SAR imagery

Global warming has caused serious damage to our environment in recent years. Accelerated loss of ice from Greenland and Antarctica has been observed in recent decades. The melting of polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers has a considerable influence on sea level rise and altering ocean currents, potentially leading to the flooding of the coastal regions and putting millions of people around the world at risk. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are able to provide relevant information about subsurface structure of polar ice sheets. Manual layer identification is prohibitively tedious and expensive and is not practical for regular, longterm ice-sheet monitoring. Automatic layer finding in noisy radar images is quite challenging due to huge amount of noise, limited resolution and variations in ice layers and bedrock. Here we propose an approach which automatically detects ice surface and bedrock boundaries using distance regularized level set evolution. In this approach the complex topology of ice and bedrock boundary layers can be detected simultaneously by evolving an initial curve in radar imagery. Using a distance regularized term, the regularity of the level set function is intrinsically maintained that solves the reinitialization issues arising from conventional level set approaches. The results are evaluated on a large dataset of airborne radar imagery collected during IceBridge mission over Antarctica and Greenland and show promising results in respect to hand-labeled ground truth.
Using Group-Based Trajectory and Growth Mixture Modeling to Identify Classes of Change Trajectories:

Many issues of interest to counseling psychologists involve questions regarding how individuals change over time. Although counseling psychologists often examine average levels of change, statistical methods can also identify patterns of change over time by empirically grouping together individuals with similar patterns of change (e.g., group-based trajectory modeling and latent growth mixture modeling). The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of these methods for counseling psychologists. We discuss the conceptual frameworks and assumptions of average-level and person-centered techniques such as group-based trajectory modeling and latent growth mixture modeling. We provide a nontechnical guide for conducting these analyses using data from a study of psychotherapy outcomes in a sample of mental health center clients (N = 1,050). We discuss caveats associated with these methods, including the potential for overinterpreting nongeneralizable results. Last, we suggest best practices for reportin...
Effect of Food Fat and Oil on Starch Gel Strength

食用油脂である菜種油およびラードを馬鈴薯澱粉およびコーンスターチに対し10-150%添加し, 15%澱粉濃度付近のゲルについて, 膨潤, 糊化の状態, ゲル強度さらに低温保存時の影響について調べ次のことがわかった.1) 馬鈴薯澱粉では, 85℃, 30分の加熱処理で, 油脂添加により膨潤, 糊化が抑制された.2) ゴーンスターチでは, 油脂添加量が10-30%の範囲で, ゲル強度の上昇効果が認められた. 油脂の添加により, 澱粉の膨潤糊化が進んだためと考えられる.3) 油脂添加量が50%を超えると, 両澱粉ともゲル強度は低下した, 油脂の添加量が多くなると, ゲルの構築が阻害され, ゲル強度は弱くなるものと考えられる.以上の知見は, 油脂含量の多い加工食品, たとえばハンバーグ, シュウマイ, ギョウザなどに応用できると考えられる.
The Evryscope: design and performance of the first full-sky gigapixel-scale telescope

The Evryscope is a new type of telescope which covers the entire accessible sky in each exposure. Its 8000- square-degree field-of-view and 691 MPix telescope is sensitive to exoplanet transits and other short timescale events not discernible from existing large-sky-area astronomical surveys. The telescope, which places 24 separate individual telescopes into a common mount which tracks the entire accessible sky with only one moving part, is building 1%-precision, many-year-length, high-cadence light curves for every accessible object brighter than ~16th magnitude. The camera readout times are short enough to provide near-continuous observing, with a 97% survey time efficiency. The Evryscope has the largest survey grasp of any current ground-based survey, and for bright-object high-cadence observations is the only existing survey within an order of magnitude of LSST's etendue. We deployed the Evryscope, funded by NSF/ATI, at CTIO in May 2015. We here present the telescope design, performance, and project status.
A Convict’s Perspective on Hans Toch’s Essay, “Providing Sanctuary in New York State Prisons”:

The author responds to Hans Toch’s, “Providing Sanctuary in New York State Prisons,” recommending that “incarcerated thinkers,” already the “informal” counselors and therapists in prisons, receive formal training and be incorporated into treatment teams for mentally disturbed and other disadvantaged inmates.
Human resource development as we know it: speeches that have shaped the field, by M. Lee

Human Resource Development as We Know It: Speeches that have Shaped the Field provides an interesting historical and conceptual look into the field of human resource development through speeches gi...
Distillate From Milk Can Affect Growth and Activity of Streptococcus lactis1

Raw whole milk was processed under vacuum at 60, 68.3, or 76.6 C and distillate (5 ml/100 ml of milk) was collected in cold traps. Unprocessed and processed samples of milk were autoclaved, steamed, or heated in a waterbath at 60, 68.3, or 76.6 C. Each heated processed milk was subdivided into two portions; distillate (5:95) was added to one portion and distilled (in glass) demineralized water (5:95) was added to the other. All samples were inoculated with Streptococcus lactis 4175 and incubated at 22 C. Growth and activity of S. lactis were monitored by determining the number of organisms, pH, and titratable acidity after 0, 4, 7, 10, and 13 h of incubation. Distillate collected at 60 C slightly retarded growth of S. lactis in steamed milk. Both growth and activity of this organism were reduced when distillate collected at 68.3 C was added to autoclaved and waterbath-treated (68.3 C) milk; this was not true for steamed milk. When milk was processed at 76.6 C, the resultant distillate had only a very slig...
Protonation of Quinones in Reaction Centers from Rb. sphaeroides

The protonation of the singly reduced quinones Q− A and Q− B and the doubly reduced quinone Q2− B is discussed. Q− A and Q− B are not protonated directly in contrast to Q2− B which forms QBH2. Experimental evidence is presented showing that QBH2 leaves the reaction center (RC). It is shown that this process is compatible with the three-dimensional structure of the RC. A model for the protonation involving a chain of protonatable residues connecting QB with the aqueous interface was tested by replacing Glu-212 of the L subunit with the non-protonatable residue Gin. The rate of protonation, deduced from a cytochrome turnover assay, was greatly reduced in the mutant, implicating Glu-212 as a proton donor. Replacing Glu-212 with the protonatable residue Asp did not significantly affect the protonation rate. From the pH dependence of the electron transfer from Q− A to QB the pK of Glu-212 was determined to be 9.5.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes After Fenestration and Partial Wall Excision of Idiopathic Intradural Spinal Arachnoid Cysts Presenting with Myelopathy

Background Intradural spinal arachnoid cysts (ISACs) with associated neurologic deficits are encountered infrequently. Various management strategies have been proposed with minimal data on comparative outcomes. Objective We describe the clinical and radiologic presentation as well as the outcomes of 14 surgically managed patients who presented with an ISAC and associated myelopathy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of consecutive patients presenting with neurologic deficits associated with idiopathic ISACs at our institution. The diagnoses were based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging studies followed by intraoperative and histopathological confirmation. Results A total of 14 consecutive patients with ISACs (1 cervicothoracic, 12 thoracic, and 1 thoracolumbar) and associated myelopathy were identified. Syringomyelia was noted in 8 patients. All ISACs were treated with cyst fenestration and partial wall resection through a posterior approach. Preoperative neurologic symptoms were noted to be stable or improved in all patients starting at 6-week postoperative follow-up. The median (interquartile range) preoperative mJOA score was 13 (12.0–14.8), whereas the postoperative median score at a mean follow-up of 22 months (range 6–50 months) was 16 (14.0–17.0), which represents a median improvement (ΔmJOA) of 2.0 (1.3–3.0) (P Conclusions Early treatment with fenestration and partial wall resection allows for cord decompression, syrinx resolution, and gradual resolution of myelopathic symptoms in most cases.
Quantum Point Contact Single-Nucleotide Conductance for DNA and RNA Sequence Identification

Several nanoscale electronic methods have been proposed for high-throughput single-molecule nucleic acid sequence identification. While many studies display a large ensemble of measurements as “electronic fingerprints” with some promise for distinguishing the DNA and RNA nucleobases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil), important metrics such as accuracy and confidence of base calling fall well below the current genomic methods. Issues such as unreliable metal–molecule junction formation, variation of nucleotide conformations, insufficient differences between the molecular orbitals responsible for single-nucleotide conduction, and lack of rigorous base calling algorithms lead to overlapping nanoelectronic measurements and poor nucleotide discrimination, especially at low coverage on single molecules. Here, we demonstrate a technique for reproducible conductance measurements on conformation-constrained single nucleotides and an advanced algorithmic approach for distinguishing the nucleobases. ...
The drone’s eye: applications and implications for landscape architecture

The use of next-generation automated consumer drones for aerial imaging and mapping is increasingly common. As a field that recurrently seeks new mapping methods, the practical aspects of drone imaging and mapping are most evidently applicable to landscape architecture. However, as a social art, landscape architecture also has a vested interest in the cultural implications of the consumer-oriented features of next-generation drones. This article bridges these professional and amateur domains of drone use. First, the article uses a topographically complex case study site to compare drone functionality against established imaging and mapping technologies. Second, the article interprets the potential implications of these applications on the practice and theory of landscape architecture. The article concludes that high fidelity drone mapping has the capacity to refocus contemporary landscape discourse from a predominantly satellite-based viewpoint to the site scale at which landscape is both experienced and designed.
Federated protocol for biometric authentication and access control

Starting with the WebID protocol, we are building a protocol for federated biometric access. The protocol allows users to bring not only their own ID but also their own biometrics. The implementation uses OWL-based policies in place of the W3C's Access Control Language vocabulary, and a RDF schema for capturing biometrics in RDF was developed. The genetic-algorithm-based feature extractor GEFE is used, and the protocol is largely immune to replay attacks.
Risk Factors for Umbilical Cord Prolapse at the Time of Artificial Rupture of Membranes.

Objective The aim of the study was to examine the association between cervical exam at the time of artificial rupture of membranes (AROM) and cord prolapse. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the data from the Consortium on Safe Labor. We included women with cephalic presentation and singleton pregnancies at ≥ 23 weeks' gestation who underwent AROM during the course of labor. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), controlling for prespecified covariates. Results Of 57,204 women who underwent AROM, cord prolapse occurred in 113 (0.2%). Compared with dilation 6 to 10 cm + station ≥ 0 at the time of AROM, Conclusion Cervical dilation
Acute Effects of Alcohol and Marijuana on Vision

Alcohol and marijuana, both widely used socially as recreational drugs, produce changes in vision and vision performance which last for some hours after drinking or smoking. In our study, experiments were conducted double-masked using a placebo in a replicated Latin square design. In general, the oculomotor changes were more apparent than sensory changes and alcohol invariably produced larger vision deficits than marijuana for “equivalent” levels of social use of the drug.
Initiating a Translational Bio-Mathematics Research Seminar for Undergraduate Students

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the benefits and the drawbacks of an experimental process on how to develop and teach an interdisciplinary applied math course. The analysis comes from our experience gained during the development and teaching of a temporary seminar called: Mathematical Modeling for Cancer Risk Assessment, implemented at our University. The need for the initiation of such an interdisciplinary course came from an increasing national effort started by Mathematical Association of America’s “Curriculum Foundations Project: Voices of the Partner Disciplines”. Their study found that research in biology and health-related fields has become more quantitatively oriented than in the past, therefore mathematical curricula should incorporate interdisciplinary modulation. Our seminar instruction included: writing and mathematical software skills, content lecture, project development and presentation. Results showed that students best interact with each other if work is performed during class time; mainly if a large project with possible variations is developed in class, so students or groups of students follow using the same pace. Implementing such interdisciplinary course that provided students with appropriate tools and methodologies, contributed to student retention, and increased students’ enthusiasm towards future research programs, carriers, and graduate schools.
The influence of decision aids on prostate cancer screening preferences: A randomized survey study.

5085Background: Shared decision making between a patient and caregiver is important when discussing prostate cancer (PCa) screening. Decision aids (DAs) are tools intended to facilitate this proces...
SEVERE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA IN PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

ABSTRACT Objective: Severe gestational hypertriglyceridemia is a rare disease, and there are no published guidelines to assist the clinician in management. However, due to the elevations in lipids ...
Superlattice-enhanced silicon soft X-ray and charged particle detectors with nanosecond time response

Abstract Silicon detectors are an essential measurement tool for Inertial Confinement Fusion and High-Energy-Density Physics Applications, where temporal response of the order of nanoseconds is essential. Soft X-rays (
Predicting gasoline shortage during disasters using social media

Shortage of gasoline is a common phenomenon during onset of forecasted disasters like hurricanes. Prediction of future gasoline shortage can guide agencies in pushing supplies to the correct regions and mitigating the shortage. We demonstrate how to incorporate social media data into gasoline supply decision making. We develop a systematic approach to examine social media posts like tweets and sense future gasoline shortage. We build a four-stage shortage prediction methodology. In the first stage, we filter out tweets related to gasoline. In the second stage, we use an SVM-based tweet classifier to classify tweets about the gasoline shortage, using unigrams and topics identified using topic modeling techniques as our features. In the third stage, we predict the number of future tweets about gasoline shortage using a hybrid loss function, which is built to combine ARIMA and Poisson regression methods. In the fourth stage, we employ Poisson regression to predict shortage using the number of tweets predicted in the third stage. To validate the methodology, we develop a case study that predicts the shortage of gasoline, using tweets generated in Florida during the onset and post landfall of Hurricane Irma. We compare the predictions to the ground truth about gasoline shortage during Irma, and the results are very accurate based on commonly used error estimates.
Using high-fidelity meta-models to improve performance of small dataset trained Bayesian Networks

Abstract Machine Learning (ML) is increasingly being used by companies like Google, Amazon and Apple to help identify market trends and predict customer behavior. Continuous improvement and maturing of these ML tools will help improve decision making across a number of industries. Unfortunately, before many ML strategies can be utilized the methods often require large amounts of data. For a number of realistic situations, however, only smaller subsets of data are available (i.e. hundreds to thousands of points). This work explores this problem by investigating the feasibility of using meta-models, specifically Kriging and Radial Basis Functions, to generate data for training a BN when only small amounts of original data are available. This paper details the meta-model creation process and the results of using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for tuning parameters for four network structures trained using three relatively small data sets. Additionally, a series of experiments augment these small datasets by generating ten thousand, one-hundred thousand, and a million synthetic data points using the Kriging and RBF meta-models as well as intelligently establishing prior probabilities using PSO. Results show that augmenting limited existing datasets with meta-model generated data can dramatically affect network accuracy. Overall, the exploratory results presented in this paper demonstrate the feasibility of using meta-model generated data to increase the accuracy of small sample set trained BN. Further developing this method will help underserved areas with access to only small datasets make use of the powerful predictive analytics of ML.
Debiasing Strategies for Problem Gambling: Using Decision Science to Inform Clinical Interventions

This review seeks to increase awareness of the broad range of interventions for problem gambling that focus on mitigating biased beliefs and behaviors. A secondary goal of this review is to stimulate thinking surrounding the use of so-called debiasing strategies within the areas of responsible gambling, prevention, and treatment of gambling problems. This is accomplished by classifying gambling interventions according to a taxonomy of debiasing strategies which is used more broadly within the field of decision science. Many interventions use cognitive and process-driven (known as technological) debiasing strategies. Furthermore, advances in technology to include digital games and online programs have the power to increase both the efficacy and appeal of such approaches. Unfortunately, far fewer interventions have taken advantage of affective and motivational debiasing strategies. There are potential insights to be had and new directions to be explored by incorporating debiasing strategies and decision science into investigations of problem gambling interventions. Possibilities include identifying and examining understudied areas, combining debiasing strategies with existing treatments for problem gambling, developing multimodal debiasing interventions, and focusing explicitly on process-driven approaches.
Ovarian and Adrenal Venous Catheterization for Hyperandrogenism

Female hyperandrogenism is a relatively common endocrine disorder (estimated prevalence, 7%) and has a broad range of etiologies (1). A review of 873 patients with excess androgens at a reproductive endocrinology clinic led to diagnoses of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS, 82%), hyperandrogenism and hirsutism (6%), idiopathic hirsutism (4%), hyperandrogenic insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans (4%), nonclassical and classical adrenal hyperplasia (3%), and androgen-secreting neoplasms (0.2%) (1). Although the majority of female hyperandrogenism is explained by PCOS,2 androgen-producing neoplasms are potentially surgically curable (2). Ovarian and adrenal vein sampling may have utility when a neoplasm is suspected and imaging findings are not definitive (3). We present 3 cases of intravenous sampling for hyperandrogenism. Patient 1 was a 24-year-old, never-pregnant woman referred to an endocrinologist for hyperandrogenism, characterized by 8 months of increasingly dark, coarse hair on the chin and around the nipples. Other symptoms included 4 months of increased libido, 2 months of hair loss along the partition and male-pattern recession, and worsening acne. Menstrual cycles were every 4 weeks and unremarkable. Plasma total testosterone was 130 ng/dL (4.5 nmol/L) (reference range [ref.], 0–80 ng/dL, 0–2.8 nmol/L), calculated free testosterone was 21 pg/mL (73 pmol/L) (ref., 1–18 pg/mL, 3–63 pmol/L), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was 7250 ng/mL (25000 nmol/L) (ref., 450–3280 ng/mL, 1550–11300 nmol/L). Laboratory …
The Commercial and Residential Energy Use and Emissions Simulation System (CRESS): Selection process, structure, and capabilities

This report documents the development of the Commercial and Residential Energy Use and Emissions Simulation System (CRESS), one of the sector models developed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for inclusion in the TG-I emissions model set. This report also defines the capabilities of CRESS and its configuration in the 1985 test runs conducted under Phase 1. The objectives for modeling commercial and residential emissions in the TG-I emissions model set are as follows: develop an inventory of sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions from the commercial and residential sectors in the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia for each of the years 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030; in the development of these inventories, employ projection techniques capable of estimating the emissions totals on a state-by-state basis; and incorporate within the projection scheme the capability to: predict how emissions will vary with different baseline scenarios (and their underlying factors); and perform policy simulations. 8 figs., 11 tabs.
A phase I study of an MVA vaccine targeting p53 in cancer.

3089 Background: Despite chemotherapy, survival for most patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer is <2 years. These dismal statistics reflect lack of effective therapy. We are conducting a...
Selective adaptation for acoustic cues of voicing in initial stops

Abstract: Recent experiments have indicated that perceptual adaptation effects can be obtained for a series of CV syllables (e.g. [ba–[pha]) varying along the acoustic dimension of Voice Onset Time (VOT), defined as the interval between the onset of the consonant release burst and the onset of voicing. These adaptation effects have led researchers to postulate the existence of a small set of linguistic feature detectors, each sensitive to a restricted range of Voice Onset Time values. However, another acoustic cue for voice-voiceless distinctions among the initial stop consonants, namely the presence or absence of significant formant transitions following the onset of voicing, covaried with absolute VOT in each of the previous adaptation experiments. In this study, differential adaptation effects are obtained along a VOT test dimension by presenting adapting stimuli which contain different amounts of formant transitions after voicing onset but which contain the same absolute VOT. The results indicate that the original adaptation effects are partly attributable to the presence or absence of the formant transitions after voicing onset, rather than to VOT per se. The present results may be attributable to adaptation of a detector sensitive to a weighted combination of the two hypothetical cues of VOT and the duration of voiced transitions.
The Chemical Stability of MoS 2 in Chloride Eutectic Molten Salt

Molten salt electrolysis is used for the preparation of metal with high purity in a one-step procedure. When dealing with metal sulfides, a modified FFC (replacing oxides with sulfides) process shall prevent the emission of sulfur oxides if a protective atmosphere is provided. In this paper, the chemical stability of MoS2 in chloride eutectic molten salt system (NaCl–KCl, CaCl2–KCl, CsCl–KCl, and LiCl–KCl) was studied to explore the reaction mechanism of MoS2 in molten salt. Moreover, the influence of adding K2S was also investigated. MoS2 tablets were immersed into the molten salt for 8 h and the SEM graph of the samples was observed focusing on the boundary between the tablet and solid salt. MoS2 powder was also used to investigate existence of the intermediate product by XRD through the same process. The solubility of MoS2 in each molten salt system was also determined.
Defining the Roles and Research Priorities for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies in Patients with Serious Illness: Expert Clinicians' and Investigators' Perspectives.

Background: Recent and preprohibition studies show that patients with serious illness might benefit from psychedelic-assisted therapies for a range of symptoms, physical, psychosocial, and existential. Objective: To explore the potential roles and research priorities of these therapies in patients with serious illness. Design, Setting, and Participants: Qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with 17 experts in serious illness care and/or psychedelic research from the United States and Canada. Measurements: The interview guide elicited participants' perspectives on (1) the potential roles of psychedelic-assisted therapies in this setting, (2) research priorities relevant to this population, and (3) the potential for integrating psychedelic-assisted therapies into existing delivery models of serious illness care. We used thematic analysis until thematic saturation. Results: Domain I: Participants had polar views on the therapeutic potential of psychedelic-assisted therapies, ranging from strong beliefs in their medical utility to reluctance about their use in this patient population. They shared concerns related to the risks of adverse effects, such as delirium or worsening of psychological distress. Domain II: Research priorities primarily concerned patients with clinically diagnosed psychosocial distress, such as depression, anxiety, or demoralization. Participants also articulated potential roles extending beyond traditional medical diagnosis. Domain III: Participants emphasized essential safety and efficacy guidelines relevant to the integration of these therapies into existing models of care. Conclusion: This qualitative study highlights issues and priorities for research on psychedelic-assisted therapies in patients with serious illness and proposes a conceptual framework for integrating these therapies into existing delivery models of serious illness care.
Active Telepresence Assistance for Supervisory Control: A User Study with a Multi-Camera Tele-Nursing Robot

Supervisory control of a humanoid robot in a manipulation task requires coordination of remote perception with robot action, which becomes more demanding with multiple moving cameras available for task supervision. We explore the use of autonomous camera control and selection to reduce operator workload and improve task performance in a supervisory control task. We design a novel approach to autonomous camera selection and control, and evaluate the approach in a user study which revealed that autonomous camera control does improve task performance and operator experience, but autonomous camera selection requires further investigation to benefit the operator’s confidence and maintain trust in the robot autonomy.
Stem cell programs in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance

Over the past few decades, substantial evidence has convincingly revealed the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a minor subpopulation in cancers, contributing to an aberrantly high degree of cellular heterogeneity within the tumor. CSCs are functionally defined by their abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, often in response to cues from their microenvironment. Biological phenotypes of CSCs are regulated by the integrated transcriptional, post-transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic regulatory networks. CSCs contribute to tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and disease recurrence through their sustained proliferation, invasion into normal tissue, promotion of angiogenesis, evasion of the immune system, and resistance to conventional anticancer therapies. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that drive cancer stem cell maintenance, plasticity, and therapeutic resistance will enhance our ability to improve the effectiveness of targeted therapies for CSCs. In this review, we highlight the key features and mechanisms that regulate CSC function in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. We discuss factors for CSC therapeutic resistance, such as quiescence, induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and resistance to DNA damage-induced cell death. We evaluate therapeutic approaches for eliminating therapy-resistant CSC subpopulations, including anticancer drugs that target key CSC signaling pathways and cell surface markers, viral therapies, the awakening of quiescent CSCs, and immunotherapy. We also assess the impact of new technologies, such as single-cell sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 screening, on the investigation of the biological properties of CSCs. Moreover, challenges remain to be addressed in the coming years, including experimental approaches for investigating CSCs and obstacles in therapeutic targeting of CSCs.
Rethinking Big Data in Digital Humanitarianism: Practices, Epistemologies, and Social Relation

Spatial technologies and the organizations around them, such as the Standby Task Force and Ushahidi, are increasingly changing the ways crises and emergencies are addressed. Within digital humanitarianism, Big Data has featured strongly in recent efforts to improve digital humanitarian work. This shift toward social media and other Big Data sources has entailed unexamined assumptions about technological progress, social change, and the kinds of knowledge captured by data. These assumptions stand in tension with critical geographic scholarship, and in particular critical GIS research. In this paper I borrow from critical research on technologies to engage three important new facets of Big Data emerging from an interrogation of digital humanitarianism. I argue first that within digital humanitarianism, Big Data should be understood as a new set of practices, in addition to its usual conception as data and analytics technologies. Second, I argue that Big Data constitutes a distinct epistemology that obscures many forms of knowledge in crises and emergencies and produces a limited understanding of how a crisis is unfolding. Third, I argue that Big Data is constitutive of a social relation in which both the formal humanitarian sector and "victims" of crises are in need of the services and labor that can be provided by digital humanitarians.
Structural Transcatheter Cardiac Interventions in the Cardio-Oncology Population

Modern cancer therapies have resulted in prolonged survival and decreased mortality for many types of cancer. Consequently, cancer patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease (CVD) present prior to diagnosis of cancer, resulting from various forms of cancer therapy, or developing after cancer remission are at higher risk for development of cardiovascular-associated morbidity and mortality. Management of CVD, particularly structural heart disease, in this patient population is challenging and associated with elevated surgical risk. Minimally invasive transcatheter procedures have emerged as lower risk treatment modalities that have been shown to be safe and efficacious. This review will evaluate the current literature on percutaneous management of aortic stenosis (AS), mitral regurgitation (MR), tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and intracardiac thrombus (ICTE) or masses in cancer patients. Multiple cohort- and registry-based studies have demonstrated safe and efficacious implementation of transcatheter interventions for the management of severe AS and MR in cancer patients. The development of transcatheter interventions for severe TR is promising and may also be considered for this high-risk patient population. Interestingly, management of ICTE and cardiac masses has also been achieved with a novel transcatheter approach. While a multidisciplinary heart team approach is necessary to properly manage cancer patients with structural heart disease and ICTE, more robust registry-based and prospective clinical trials are required to meet the needs of a rapidly growing cardio-oncology patient population.
Complications following equine sacroiliac region analgesia are uncommon: A study in 118 horses.

Background Diagnosis of sacroiliac region pain is supported by a positive response to sacroiliac region analgesia (SIRA). Varying techniques have been described for SIRA; with clinician preference often dictating method. Potential complications following SIRA include ataxia and recumbency. No study has specifically evaluated the prevalence of complications. Objectives To describe the complication prevalence following SIRA in a referral clinic. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Review of records from horses presented to two of the authors at Rossdales, Newmarket, between January 2014 and December 2018, that underwent SIRA. Injection was performed using a blind midline approach with 20 mL mepivacaine (Intra-Epicaine 20mg/ml; Dechra) infiltrated through a straight 18 gauge 8.9cm spinal needle subdivided into four sub-locations per block. Results 118 horses were included, with 167 individual blocks. One horse showed a mild hindlimb gait abnormality following SIRA, which resolved uneventfully over 3 hours; complication rate 1/118 horses (0.85%; 95% CI: 0,2.5%), 1/167 joints (0.60%; 95% CI: 0,1.8%). SIRA subjectively improved lameness/performance in 132/167 (79%) joints. 49/118 (42%) received bilateral SIRA with 53/118 (45%) evaluated ridden following SIRA. Main limitations Small population numbers with low complication prevalence rate. Conclusions SIRA, using the described technique, has a low (0.85%) prevalence of complications.
Analysis of Nipple-Areola Complex Localization Using Male Cadavers: Considerations for Gender-Affirming Surgery.

Background Masculinizing chest reconstruction is the most common gender-affirming surgery in transgender males. Despite the current literature's acknowledgment of the vital role that proper placement of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) plays in a masculine chest contour, there is still much debate regarding the best anatomical landmarks to achieve the desired result. Objectives The primary aim of this study is to determine which landmarks for NAC placement can be applied across diverse body types and aid surgeons in creating a masculine chest. Methods Twenty-five formaldehyde-embalmed male cadavers were analyzed by conducting various measurements of the NAC, nipple, and surrounding bony and muscular landmarks to identify the most consistent landmarks for proper NAC placement. Linear regression analyses were run to determine how the distance between nipple to respective landmarks varied based on antemortem body mass index (BMI), height, weight, and age. Results The measurements for the inferior and lateral borders of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) displayed the least amount of variance of all the anatomical landmarks studied. Additionally, there was no significant change in these pectoral measurements with varying BMI, height, weight, or age, indicating that these measurements are reliable landmarks for NAC placement across various body types. The average NAC placement in relation to the inferior and lateral borders of PMM was around 2.5 and 2.0 cm, respectively. Conclusions Our cadaveric analysis indicates that aesthetically pleasing masculine chest results can be produced consistently across varying body types when adhering to a simple pectoral approach in NAC placement.