cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verification Code Forwarding Attack (Short Paper)

Major Internet service providers deploy SMS-based verification mechanisms to fortify the security of users’ accounts for critical actions such as password reset and logging in from a new computer. In this paper, we describe a new type of phishing attack where an attacker triggers the delivery of a verification code from a service provider to a user and lures the user to forward the code to him so that he can bypass the SMS verification process. We call this a Verification Code Forwarding Attack (VCFA). The attacker can use VCFA to reset a password of a user’s account or to get access to a 2-factor enabled account which he already knows its password (e.g., through leaked databases). We attribute the success of this attack to the lack of an effective and usable means for users to verify the service provider, the lack of context for the message sent, and an assumption about users’ understanding of the authentication process. To show the susceptibility of the users to such an attack, we conducted an experiment with 20 mobile phone users and found that more than 25 % of users were vulnerable against this type of attack. A semi-structured interview with the subjects of the experiment and a survey of 100 subjects on Amazon Mechanical Turk were done to explore possible causes for the success of this type of attack. We also discuss possible remediation.
GA based disassembly process planning in product recovery

Disassembly plays an important role in product recovery.The objective of disassembly process planning is to find optimal or near optimal sequence,which minimize the cost of disassembly or obtain the best cost/benefit ratio for disassembly.This paper use GA to deal such kind of problem,which can generate an optimal sequence under constraint of disassembly priority.The ASlgorithm proved to be effective and valid through an example from literature.
An Ethos of Politics between Realism and Idealism: Max Weber's Enigmatic Political Ethics

Recent scholarship has stressed the centrality of ethical concerns to Weber’s thought, while leaving the nature and implications of his ethical stance, and the relationship between his ethical views and political positions, disputed. This article shows how Weber sought to analyze the influence of different types of personal character or spirit—or “ethos”—on politics; and to inculcate an ethos that might save politicians from the dangers of moral purism, ruthless moral maximalism, and “realist” cynicism. A reconstruction of this ethos, and the accounts of political judgment and responsibility to which it was connected, reveal Weber to offer a a more complicated and suggestive account of the ethics of political action—and one with more to contribute to the defense and practice of liberal politics—than portrayals of him as a champion of political “realism” and value-neutral “instrumental” reasoning, or a forerunner of Schmittian “decisionism,” allow.
Comparison of fracture test standards for a super pave dense-graded hot mix asphalt

Abstract The objective of this work is to compare the semi-circular bend (SCB) and disk-compact tension (DCT) fracture tests for asphalt-aggregate mixtures. Fracture tests are performed. Statistical analysis, digital image correlation, and 3D scans show that the SCB tests measure a low fracture resistance with a high coefficient of variation due to stress concentrations and plasticity developing at the anvil contact point. The DCT test is found to measure a high fracture resistance with a low coefficient of variation. The DCT tests is determined to provide a superior measurement of fracture resistance. Evidence concerning the physical problems with SCB is provided.
A rare case of lamotrigine-induced acute interstitial nephritis.

Medications, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antimicrobials, have been most commonly associated with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN); antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are rarely known to cause AIN. This is a case of a 27-year-old male who was recently started on treatment with lamotrigine for bipolar disorder and was found to have rapidly progressive renal failure. Renal biopsy features were suggestive of AIN. Lamotrigine-induced AIN was suspected to be the most likely cause. Discontinuation of the drug and treatment with steroids resulted in complete renal recovery. Lamotrigine use has been recently gaining popularity, not only as an AED but also as a mood stabilizer. With the use of this drug becoming more popular, it is important to emphasize that – although rare – AIN is one of its potential complications. Keywords: acute interstitial nephritis; antiepileptic drugs; lamotrigine; renal failure; bipolar disorder; steroids (Published: 15 December 2016) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2016, 6 : 32976 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v6.32976
Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling of Archaea Lends Insight into Diversity of Metabolic Function

Decades of biochemical, bioinformatic, and sequencing data are currently being systematically compiled into genome-scale metabolic reconstructions (GEMs). Such reconstructions are knowledge-bases useful for engineering, modeling, and comparative analysis. Here we review the fifteen GEMs of archaeal species that have been constructed to date. They represent primarily members of the Euryarchaeota with three-quarters comprising representative of methanogens. Unlike other reviews on GEMs, we specially focus on archaea. We briefly review the GEM construction process and the genealogy of the archaeal models. The major insights gained during the construction of these models are then reviewed with specific focus on novel metabolic pathway predictions and growth characteristics. Metabolic pathway usage is discussed in the context of the composition of each organism's biomass and their specific energy and growth requirements. We show how the metabolic models can be used to study the evolution of metabolism in archaea. Conservation of particular metabolic pathways can be studied by comparing reactions using the genes associated with their enzymes. This demonstrates the utility of GEMs to evolutionary studies, far beyond their original purpose of metabolic modeling; however, much needs to be done before archaeal models are as extensively complete as those for bacteria.
Quality-Time Tradeoffs in Component-Specific Mapping: How to Train Your Dynamically Reconfigurable Array of Gates with Outrageous Network-delays

How should we perform component-specific adaptation for FPGAs? Prior work has demonstrated that the negative effects of variation can be largely mitigated using complete knowledge of device characteristics and full per-FPGA CAD flow. However, the cost of per-FPGA characterization and mapping could be prohibitively expensive. We explore light-weight options for per-FPGA mapping that avoid the need for a priori device characterization and perform less expensive per FPGA customization work. We characterize the tradeoff between Quality-of-Results (energy, delay) and per-device mapping costs for 7 design points ranging from complete mapping based on knowledge to no per-device mapping. We show that it is possible to get 48-77% of the component-specific mapping delay benefit or 57% of the energy benefit with a mapping that takes less than 20 seconds per FPGA. An incremental solution can start execution after a 21 ms bitstream load and converge to 77% delay benefit after 18 seconds of runtime.
Effect of a Clinical and Translational Science Award institute on grant funding in a major research university

Introduction Previous studies have examined the impact of Clinical and Translational Science Awards programs on other outcomes, but not on grant seeking. The authors examined the effects on grant seeking of the Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research (MICHR), a Clinical and Translational Science Awards institute at the University of Michigan. Methods We assessed over 63,000 grant proposals submitted at the University of Michigan in the years 2002–2012 using data from the university and MICHR’s Tracking Metrics and Reporting System. We used a retrospective, observational study of the dynamics of grant-seeking success and award funding. Heckman selection models were run to assess MICHR’s relationship with a proposal’s success (selection), and subsequently the award’s size (outcome). Models were run for all proposals and for clinical and translational research (CTR) proposals alone. Other covariates included proposal classification, type of grant award, academic unit, and year. Results MICHR had a positive and statistically significant relationship with success for both proposal types. For all grants, MICHR was associated with a 29.6% increase in award size. For CTR grants, MICHR had a statistically nonsignificant relationship with award size. Conclusions MICHR’s infrastructure, created to enable and enhance CTR, has also created positive spillovers for a broader spectrum of research and grant seeking.
Dynamics of knowledge-seeking interactions in organizational networks

Organizational communication structures (OCS) enable and constrain information flow and are, therefore, influential in the organization's efficiency and productivity. Companies have often reorganized their structure to improve efficiency. However, OCS is a function of the informal network as well as the formal hierarchical structure within the organization. Any analysis of OCS must include informal networks to be valid. Individual interactions are what define the OCS and aids knowledge transfer. Using Agent-based Modeling, we create OCS with agents that have the same knowledge-seeking goals but different knowledge environments. Agents develop an informal communication network through which they obtain knowledge elements to complete tasks. Their network expands through references provided by peers when the knowledge sought cannot be found within their group. We compare the networks to determine if the knowledge-seeking theory alone is sufficient to determine the OCS. Network differences indicate that theory alone is insufficient to explain the formation of informal OCS.
Solar Domestic Hot Water Pre-Heating: Optimization and Certification

Publisher Summary Solar pre-heating plants provide a partial autonomy to its customers, essentially during the summer time, by allowing a reduced area of solar panels, a better efficiency, and an optimum investment. The energy savings approach commonly achieved 25% of the energy needed by the annual domestic hot water (DHW) consumption. This chapter describes a way to improve the fossil fuel reduction induced by a solar installation through the use of a single control unit that is able to manage simultaneously the solar gains, the hot-water delivery, and the heat production. It is noted that solar efficiency is considerably increased by using such a centralized energy management system. The chapter also proposes a performance indicator, the Solar Thermal Efficiency Factor (STEF).
A preliminary report of the fossil mammals from a new microvertebrate locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah

The first Mesozoic mammals in North America were discovered in the Morrison Formation during the closing decades of the 19th century, as by-products of dinosaurs quarried by teams led by O.C. Marsh. These tiny fossils served as foundational specimens for our understanding of Mesozoic mammal evolution. There are now nearly 25 mammal-bearing localities known from the Morrison Formation, distributed across the Western Interior from the Black Hills to southern Colorado and west into Utah; the most historically important of these are in Wyoming (e.g., Como Quarry 9). Most Morrison mammals are known by jaws or jaw fragments, and several important Mesozoic groups (e.g., docodonts, dryolestoids, and to a large extent triconodonts and symmetrodonts) were established based on Morrison material, shaping the perception of mammalian diversity on a global scale. Despite heavy sampling of coeval sites elsewhere, the Morrison remains the most systematically diverse (at high taxonomic levels) assemblage of Jurassic mammals in the world. Here, we describe two mammalian specimens and highlight other remains yet to be fully identified from a new microvertebrate locality in the Morrison Formation of eastern Grand County, Utah. The site is positioned low in the Brushy Basin Member and is similar in lithology and stratigraphic level to the famous small vertebrate localities of the Fruita Paleontological Area, located less than 50 km to the northeast. In addition to small archosaurs and squamates, limited excavation to date has yielded at least 20 mammalian specimens representing a minimum of six taxa, several of which are new and quite different from typical Morrison taxa. Preservation is generally excellent and includes partially articulated cranial and postcranial elements of small vertebrates. This new site has great potential to contribute new taxa and more complete morphological data than typical Morrison localities, underscoring the importance of continued field work in the Morrison.
Revealing Tensions in Autobiographical Design in HCI

While self-usage has long been regarded as a questionable approach in human-computer interaction (HCI) research, recent projects have shown the successful use of autobiographical design as a method to investigate long-term and intimate relations between people and technologies in everyday life. In an effort to continue the development of methodological best practices, we need to acknowledge with more nuance the tensions that arise in use. In this paper, we articulate such tensions by examining two first-hand accounts of using autobiographical design and four autobiographical design projects of other HCI researchers. Our findings address: genuine needs, design participation, intimacy, reflexivity, and authorial voice. Our contribution is constituted of critical insights into the complexities of using autobiographical design and recommendations for researchers interested in using this method.
Collaborative Filtering for Information Recommendation Systems

INTRODUCTION In order to draw users’ attention and to increase their satisfaction towards online information search results, search engine developers and vendors try to predict user preference based on the user behavior. Recommendations are provided by the search engines or online vendors to the users. Recommendation systems are implemented in commercial and non-profit web sites to predict the user preferences. For commercial web sites, accurate predictions may result in higher selling rates. The main functions of recommendation systems include analyzing user data and extracting useful information for further predictions. Recommendation systems are designed to allow users to locate the preferable items quickly and to avoid the possible information overloads. Recommendation systems apply data mining techniques to determine the similarity among thousands or even millions of data.
Scaling Up or Scaling Back? The Pitfalls and Possibilities of Leveraging Federal Interventions for Abolition

Antiprison activists have often turned the federal court system to reduce the violence of the carceral state. However, such reform attempts have too often had the unintended consequence of fortifying the penal system. In this article, I interrogate one such intervention—a federal court order that encompassed the Louisiana Department of Corrections from 1975 to 1998. I argue that while the lawsuit was declared a success in reforming Angola, the federal court’s intervention buttressed and legitimated the growth of the Louisiana penal system. This paradox was produced through the limits of liberal reform ideology that failed to recognize the structural violence of incarceration. Rather, the federal courts located violence with prisoners instead of the punitive power of the state and racial capitalism. This framework not only led to an increase in punitive practices within Angola, it came to underpin penal expansion as the primary solution to cyclical overcrowding.
Hit-to-Lead: Hit Validation and Assessment

High-throughput screening assays have become nearly ubiquitous in the search for small compounds or peptides that can modulate biological processes for therapeutic purposes. While many assays have become quite robust, with well-established protocols, the subsequent steps of validating the hits and choosing the best ones to take forward into leads for further chemical development are less established. In this chapter, we describe a variety of approaches, including chemical assessment, the use of various computational approaches, a variety of counter-screens, and "orthogonal" biophysical assays using nuclear magnetic resonance, surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry or thermal shift assays as methods for validating and assessing the quality of hits.
Using topcoder in introductory data structures and algorithms

Beginning computer science students often struggle with the motivation behind different data structures and algorithms. It's helpful to have examples and practice problems that are not simply descriptions of singular algorithms. Some examples include problems that require more than one data structure and/or algorithm, problems that require modifications to standard data structures and/or algorithms, and problems that require attention to efficiency both in time and space. The Topcoder competitive coding platform can be an excellent resource to provide these examples and can be used in several ways in the classroom. In this paper, we detail our experience with Topcoder in several classes and from several perspectives.
Correction to: Influence of surrounding land-use on mussel growth and glycogen levels in the St. Croix and Minnesota River Basins

The above mentioned article, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 31 July 2019 without open access.
A Multi-Dimensional General Health Status Concept to Predict Liver Transplant Mortality

General health status is a holistic concept that includes not just diseases, but also life expectancy, activities, and health status. However, there is a gap in understanding how recipient general health status impact survival post liver transplantation. We aimed to evaluate the impact of general health status on survival after liver transplantation, while adjusting for severity of their comorbidities and demographics. This was a retrospective cohort study of 344 adults 18 years or older that underwent liver transplantation from 01/01/2008 through 12/31/2014. Predictors were general health status, comorbidities, and demographics. A severity score was built for health status and for each of the comorbidities by body system. The outcome was all-cause mortality after transplantation. Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan – Meier analysis were used. From 344 patients, 82 died at the end of follow-up time (mean = 609 days), and 262 were alive (mean = 1523 days). General health status score controlled for comorbidities and demographics was statistically significant for mortality (HR = 2.20, p-value < 0.001). Comorbidities represented by severity scores for the circulatory system (HR = 1.89, p-value < 0.001), endocrine system (HR = 2.22, p-value < 0.01), and musculoskeletal system (HR = 2.04, p-value < 0.05) were also statistically significant. Survival analysis showed statistically significant differences between different categories of general health status. This study was the first to use pre-transplant recipient general health status as a single weighed metric to predict survival post-transplant; thus, providing new evidence to evaluate risk of mortality that is individualized for each patient.
Logarithmic Communication for Distributed Optimization in Multi-Agent Systems

Classically, the design of multi-agent systems is approached using techniques from distributed optimization such as dual descent and consensus algorithms. Such algorithms depend on convergence to global consensus before any individual agent can determine its local action. This leads to challenges with respect to communication overhead and robustness, and improving algorithms with respect to these measures has been a focus of the community for decades.This paper presents a new approach for multi-agent system design based on ideas from the emerging field of local computation algorithms. The framework we develop, LOcal Convex Optimization (LOCO), is the first local computation algorithm for convex optimization problems and can be applied in a wide-variety of settings. We demonstrate the generality of the framework via applications to Network Utility Maximization (NUM) and the distributed training of Support Vector Machines (SVMs), providing numerical results illustrating the improvement compared to classical distributed optimization approaches in each case.
Differential methylation and expression of genes in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway are associated with paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer survivors and with preclinical models of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain

BackgroundPaclitaxel is an important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a major dose-limiting toxicity that can persist in...
Transportation infrastructure and employment: Are all investments created equal?

Abstract This study examines the impact of different transportation infrastructure investments on employment in 11 metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) in the United States from 1990 to 2018. Using spatial econometric techniques to analyze highway, air transport and railway infrastructure investments, this study finds that the employment effects of these investments vary widely across MSAs. Highway infrastructure is found to have positive, significant total effects on employment in most MSAs. Railway infrastructure investment has positive employment effects in MSAs with robust rail systems and high ridership. Air transport infrastructure investment results are mixed across MSAs and specification, but consistently provide small positive employment effects to landlocked Midwestern MSAs. Overall, highway infrastructure investment is found to provide the largest total effects on employment, but caution should be taken to account for spillover effects and other societal externalities related to transportation.
Defensive chemistry of an aposematic bug, Pachycoris stallii Uhler and volatile compounds of its host plant Croton californicus Muell.-Arg.

Volatile components of Pachycoris stallii scent gland secretions and the bug's host plant, Croton californicus, were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The predominant compounds isolated from C. californicus fruit and leaves were β-myrcene and β-caryophyllene. Metathoracic gland secretions of P. stallii contained mostly (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, and n-tridecane. In males, n-tridecane was present throughout the metathoracic gland, but in females this compound was found only in the median reservoir/accessory gland. (E)-2-Hexenal was present throughout the gland of female bugs, but in males was primarily present in the median reservoir/accessory gland. (E)-4-Oxo-2-hexenal and n-dodecane were isolated from the median reservoir/accessory gland of male and female bugs. Metathoracic glands were sexually monomorphic. Data from chemical analyses and anatomical observations suggest that dorsal abdominal glands of adults were apparently obsolescent. In nymphs, dorsal abdominal glands produced (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, and tetradecanal. The proportion of the predominant constituent, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, decreased from 72% in the first instar to 47% in the fourth instar. Proportions of tetradecanal and n-tridecane were greater in the fourth instar than in the first instar. Observations of dissected glands indicated that median and posterior dorsal abdominal glands of all nymphal instars were more developed than anterior dorsal abdominal glands. Scanning electron micrography revealed the presence of polygonal microsculpturing on the integument surrounding the ostioles of metathoracic and dorsal abdominal glands. Chemical, anatomical, and behavioral data indicated that P. stallii has a chemical defense system based on short-chain carbonyl compounds and that this system is directed against arthropods. The abundance of arthropod natural enemies apparently has forced P. stallii to maintain this defense system despite feeding on a toxic host plant.
Prediction of incident myocardial infarction using machine learning applied to harmonized electronic health record data.

With cardiovascular disease increasing, substantial research has focused on the development of prediction tools. We compare deep learning and machine learning models to a baseline logistic regression using only ‘known’ risk factors in predicting incident myocardial infarction (MI) from harmonized EHR data. Large-scale case-control study with outcome of 6-month incident MI, conducted using the top 800, from an initial 52 k procedures, diagnoses, and medications within the UCHealth system, harmonized to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model, performed on 2.27 million patients. We compared several over- and under- sampling techniques to address the imbalance in the dataset. We compared regularized logistics regression, random forest, boosted gradient machines, and shallow and deep neural networks. A baseline model for comparison was a logistic regression using a limited set of ‘known’ risk factors for MI. Hyper-parameters were identified using 10-fold cross-validation. Twenty thousand Five hundred and ninety-one patients were diagnosed with MI compared with 2.25 million who did not. A deep neural network with random undersampling provided superior classification compared with other methods. However, the benefit of the deep neural network was only moderate, showing an F1 Score of 0.092 and AUC of 0.835, compared to a logistic regression model using only ‘known’ risk factors. Calibration for all models was poor despite adequate discrimination, due to overfitting from low frequency of the event of interest. Our study suggests that DNN may not offer substantial benefit when trained on harmonized data, compared to traditional methods using established risk factors for MI.
Pharmacological targeting of coagulation factor XI mitigates the development of experimental atherosclerosis in low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐deficient mice

Background Human coagulation factor (F) XI deficiency, a defect of the contact activation system, protects against venous thrombosis, stroke, and heart attack, while FXII, plasma prekallikrein or kininogen deficiencies are asymptomatic. FXI deficiency, inhibition of FXI production, activated FXI (FXIa) inhibitors, and antibodies to FXI that interfere with FXI/FXII interactions reduce experimental thrombosis and inflammation. FXI inhibitors are antithrombotic in patients, and FXI and FXII deficiencies are athero-protective in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Objectives Investigate the effects of pharmacological targeting of FXI in experimental models of atherogenesis and established atherosclerosis. Methods and results Low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout (Ldlr-/- ) mice were administered high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks; concomitantly FXI was targeted with anti-FXI antibody (14E11) or FXI antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). 14E11 and FXI-ASO reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in proximal aortas when compared to controls, and 14E11 also reduced aortic sinus lesions. In an established disease model, wherein therapy was given after atherosclerosis had developed, Ldlr-/- mice were fed HFD for 8 weeks and then administered 14E11 or FXI-ASO weekly until 16 weeks on HFD. In this established disease model, 14E11 and FXI-ASO reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in proximal aortas, but not in aortic sinus. In cultures of human endothelium, FXIa exposure disrupted VE-Cadherin expression and increased endothelial lipoprotein permeability. Strikingly, we found that 14E11 prevented the disruption of VE-Cadherin expression in aortic sinus lesions observed in the atherogenesis mouse model. Conclusion Pharmacological targeting of FXI reduced atherogenesis in Ldlr-/- mice. Interference with the contact activation system may safely reduce development or progression of atherosclerosis.
Factor XII plays a pathogenic role in organ failure and death in baboons challenged with Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract Activation of coagulation factor (F) XI promotes multiorgan failure in rodent models of sepsis and in a baboon model of lethal systemic inflammation induced by infusion of heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus. Here we used the anticoagulant FXII-neutralizing antibody 5C12 to verify the mechanistic role of FXII in this baboon model. Compared with untreated control animals, repeated 5C12 administration before and at 8 and 24 hours after bacterial challenge prevented the dramatic increase in circulating complexes of contact system enzymes FXIIa, FXIa, and kallikrein with antithrombin or C1 inhibitor, and prevented cleavage and consumption of high-molecular-weight kininogen. Activation of several coagulation factors and fibrinolytic enzymes was also prevented. D-dimer levels exhibited a profound increase in the untreated animals but not in the treated animals. The antibody also blocked the increase in plasma biomarkers of inflammation and cell damage, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, nucleosomes, and myeloperoxidase. Based on clinical presentation and circulating biomarkers, inhibition of FXII prevented fever, terminal hypotension, respiratory distress, and multiorgan failure. All animals receiving 5C12 had milder and transient clinical symptoms and were asymptomatic at day 7, whereas untreated control animals suffered irreversible multiorgan failure and had to be euthanized within 2 days after the bacterial challenge. This study confirms and extends our previous finding that at least 2 enzymes of the contact activation complex, FXIa and FXIIa, play critical roles in the development of an acute and terminal inflammatory response in baboons challenged with heat-inactivated S aureus.
Optimizing coordinate choice for locomotion systems with toroidal shape spaces

In a geometric mechanics framework, the configuration space is decomposed into a shape space and a position space. The internal motion of the system is prescribed by a closed loop in the shape space, which causes net motion in the position space. If the shape space is a simply connected domain in an Euclidean space, then with an optimal choice of the body frame, the displacement in the position space is reasonably approximated by the surface integral of the height function, a functional relationship between the internal shape and position space variables. Our recent work has extended the scope of geometric methods from limbless undulatory system to those with legs; interestingly, the shape space for such systems has a torus structure. However, to the best of our knowledge, the optimal choice of the body frame on the torus shape space was not explored. In this paper, we develop a method to optimally choose the body frame on the torus which results in good approximation of displacement by the integral of the height function. We apply our methods to the centipede locomotion system and observe quantitative agreement of our prediction and experimental results.
Mammary cell gene expression atlas links epithelial cell remodeling events to breast carcinogenesis.

The female mammary epithelium undergoes reorganization during development, pregnancy, and menopause, linking higher risk with breast cancer development. To characterize these periods of complex remodeling, here we report integrated 50 K mouse and 24 K human mammary epithelial cell atlases obtained by single-cell RNA sequencing, which covers most lifetime stages. Our results indicate a putative trajectory that originates from embryonic mammary stem cells which differentiates into three epithelial lineages (basal, luminal hormone-sensing, and luminal alveolar), presumably arising from unipotent progenitors in postnatal glands. The lineage-specific genes infer cells of origin of breast cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and single-cell RNA sequencing of human breast cancer, as well as the association of gland reorganization to different breast cancer subtypes. This comprehensive mammary cell gene expression atlas ( https://mouse-mammary-epithelium-integrated.cells.ucsc.edu ) presents insights into the impact of the internal and external stimuli on the mammary epithelium at an advanced resolution. Kohei Saeki et al. present a mammary cell atlas derived from mouse and human single-cell RNA-sequence data. They characterize key life stages in which the mammary gland undergoes complex remodeling and, using breast cancer expression data, infer cells of origin for carcinogenesis of various breast cancer subtypes.
“It’s enough to survive through this hell to make ourselves immortal in the eyes of our descendants:” Myal, death and mourning in Orlando Patterson’s Die the Long Day:

Die the Long Day narrates the 24 hours following the flight, capture, and brutal murder of Quasheba, a fugitive slave, on an 18th-century Jamaican plantation. Quasheba is remembered, retroactively,...
Dynamic changes of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters contents as well as oil quality during repeated deep-frying

Abstract In this study, the dynamic changes of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDEs) and glycidyl esters (GEs) in both oils and French fries were assessed using headspace–solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry over the course of 5 days repeated deep-frying. The color parameter, as well as the concentrations of tocopherols and total polar components (TPC) in frying oils, were also evaluated. The content of 3-MCPDEs in frying oil reduced by 71.2% in the first two days of frying while GEs increased steadily. The concentration of 3-MCPDEs in French fries increased over the repeated frying while GEs and oil uptake maintained constant. The concentration of tocopherols decreased while TPC increased significantly during repeated deep-frying. Microstructure analysis of French fries by X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) indicated the reduction of micropores and the appearance of bigger oil-filled macropores, which might be responsible for the enrichment effect of French fries on 3-MCPDEs and GEs. This research broadens the understanding of the fate of 3-MCPDEs and GEs in repeated deep-frying.
Rethinking Feng Shui

Feng shui has been a problematic concept both in archaeology and Western culture as a whole. This chapter is an attempt to rethink feng shui in order to rehabilitate it as an archaeological concept. I suggest the decisive distinction between feng shui and dominant Western understandings of spatiality centers on a difference in their source of intelligibility—between transcendent logical order and emergent aesthetic order. Taking examples from painting, formal garden design, architecture, and mortuary practices, I provide examples of the pervasiveness of this difference. Finally, I suggest productive ways in which archaeologists might use the concept of feng shui in their interpretations of Chinese sites in North America and beyond.
Queering Center: A Critical Discourse Analysis of University LGBT Center Theoretical Foundations

Queering Center: A Critical Discourse Analysis of University LGBT Center Theoretical Foundations Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the framing discourse of theorization and practice surrounding university-based Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) resource centers. Building on interdisciplinary work by critical feminist, race, and queer scholars in sociology, social work, education, and political science, this study proposed a vital shift from identity politics (Combahee River Collective, 1977) and multicultural (Jay, 1994; Ward, 2008) theorizing and practice frameworks to praxis grounded in intersectional understandings of identity and resistance to interlocking systems of oppression (Razack, 1999) which (re)produce logics of dominance such as racism, gender binaries, and sexism. Supporting this conclusion was my critical discourse analysis of three texts, considered by practitioners to be the “canon” of theorization and conceptualization of campus-based centers. The three unique texts, the only ones published prior to 2011, to prescriptively advise center development and programming, were discursively analyzed through a critical queer feminist lens critiquing the constructs of essentialized identity politics and multiculturalism. The textual analysis indicated that the three texts drew heavily upon the discourses of essentialized identity politics and multiculturalism, and in doing reified homonormative white regulating systems. While making no claims that the three manuscripts represented the entirety of theoretical discourse framing LGBT center development, sparse center scholarship and this study’s argument in combination with scholarly critiques of both identity political and multicultural frameworks, asserts a strong claim for reconceptualizing the project of campus centers through a critical, intersectional lens based in the dismantling of interconnected systems of oppression.
Linear Networks; Tellegen Regimes

Kirchhoff’s laws may fail in nonpermissive, transfinite resistive networks. As a result, a general theory for the electrical behavior of all transfinite networks must be based on a more fundamental principle, namely, a generalization of Tellegen’s equation. For a finite network, Tellegen’s equation asserts that any vector of branch voltages satisfying Kirchhoff’s voltage law and any vector of branch currents satisfying Kirchhoff’s current law are orthogonal [26]. This principle can be extended to transfinite networks, which can be used along with Ohm’s law and a certain restriction on the sources to establish a unique “current-voltage regime”—even though Kirchhoff’s laws may be violated around certain loops and at certain nodes. The theory is thoroughly developed in [33, Chapters 3 and 5] and [34, Chapter 5]. We briefly review it in the next section primarily because a substantial simplification arises from our present restriction to permissive networks. Moreover, it turns out that for permissive networks Kirchhoff’s voltage law will always be satisfied around every finite or transfinite loop. The same is true for Kirchhoff’s current law at every node of any rank, but to show this for transfinite nodes requires some work. This latter task occupies most of this chapter.
ICOSAHEDRAL Q-CURVE EXTENSIONS

We consider elliptic curves defined over Q ( √ 5) which are either 2- or 3-isogenous to their Galois conjugate and which have an absolutely irreducible mod 5 representation. Using Klein's classical formulas which associate an icosahedral Galois extension K/Q with the 5-torsion of an elliptic curve, we prove that there is an association of such extensions generated by quintics x 5 + Ax 2 + Bx + C satisfying AB = 0 with the aforementioned elliptic curves.
The Long and Winding Road to Warfarin Pharmacogenetic Testing

“The right dose of the right drug to the right person” is an often-stated goal of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. Pharmacogenetics primarily uses genetic variants to identify subgroups of patients that may respond differently to a certain class of medications. Warfarin has become an
Sodium chloride interaction with solvated and crystalline cellulose: sodium ion affects the cellotetraose molecule and the cellulose fibril in aqueous solution

Inorganic salts are a natural component of biomass which have a significant effect on the product yields from a variety of biomass conversion processes. Understanding their effect on biomass at the microscopic level can help discover their mechanistic role. We present a study of the effect of aqueous sodium chloride on the largest component of biomass, cellulose, focused on the thermodynamic and structural effect of a sodium ion on the cellotetraose molecule and the cellulose fibril. Replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of a cellotetraose molecule reveal a number of preferred cellulose-Na contacts and bridging positions. Large scale MD simulations on a model cellulose fibril find that Na+ perturbs the hydroxymethyl rotational state population and consequently disrupts the ‘native’ hydrogen bonding network.
Self/Unplanned Extubation: Safety, Surveillance, and Monitoring of the Mechanically Ventilated Patient

The purpose of this article is to provide an appreciation for a significant risk to quality of care affecting patients receiving mechanical ventilation: unplanned extubation. A summary of the current literature provides evidence-based recommendations for how to minimize this potentially dangerous complication. In addition, recommendations for proceeding after unplanned extubation are made.
Relaxation‐Based Point Feature Matching for Vector Map Conflation

With the rapid advance of geospatial technologies, the availability of geospatial data from a wide variety of sources has increased dramatically. It is beneficial to integrate / conflate these multi-source geospatial datasets, since the integration of multi-source geospatial data can provide insights and capabilities not possible with individual datasets. However, multi-source datasets over the same geographical area are often disparate. Accurately integrating geospatial data from different sources is a challenging task. Among the subtasks of integration/conflation, the most crucial one is feature matching, which identifies the features from different datasets as presentations of the same real-world geographic entity. In this article we present a new relaxation-based point feature matching approach to match the road intersections from two GIS vector road datasets. The relaxation labeling algorithm utilizes iterated local context updates to achieve a globally consistent result. The contextual constraints (relative distances between points) are incorporated into the compatibility function employed in each iteration's updates. The point-to-point matching confidence matrix is initialized using the road connectivity information at each point. Both the traditional proximity-based approach and our relaxation-based point matching approach are implemented and experiments are conducted over 18 test sites in rural and suburban areas of Columbia, MO. The test results show that our relaxation labeling approach has much better performance than the proximity matching approach in both simple and complex situations.
Cutting Edge: The Link between Lymphocyte Deficiency and Autoimmunity: Roles of Endogenous T and B Lymphocytes in Tolerance

We demonstrate that transfer of OVA-specific DO11 CD4+ T cells into mice that lack T and B cells and produce secreted OVA as an endogenous self-protein results in a severe systemic autoimmune reaction with skin inflammation, wasting, and death. The transferred DO11 T cells undergo massive expansion and produce IL-2 and IFN-γ abundantly. Transfer of DO11 cells into OVA-expressing animals in which T cells are absent but B cells are present, leads to mild disease with no death. In this situation, the DO11 cells undergo similar expansion but show poor Th1 differentiation. This regulatory effect of B cells correlates with profound TCR down-regulation. If T cells are present, the DO11 cells fail to expand independent of B cells. These results suggest that both endogenous T and B lymphocytes control T cell tolerance induction and pathogenicity, but at different stages of an anti-self response. Although endogenous T cells prevent expansion and maintain homeostasis, endogenous B cells limit subsequent effector responses of autoreactive CD4+ T cells.
Interventions to improve decision making and reduce racial and ethnic disparities in the management of prostate cancer: a systematic review

OBJECTIVES Ethnic minorities are disproportionately impacted by prostate cancer (PCa) and are at risk for not receiving informed decision making (IDM). We conducted a systematic literature review on interventions to improve: (1) IDM about PCa in screening-eligible minority men, and (2) quality of life (QOL) in minority PCa survivors.
The human being, God, and history

To those of us living after Hegel, Marx and Darwin, history is seen as a dominant force in and an aspect of what it means to be a human being. Ortega y Gasset tells us that the human being has no nature, what (s)he has is a history. And history is viewed, at least in modern Western culture, as unidirectional. Some see our future gliding through our present into our past. Others hold that we march irrevocably out of our past through our present into our future. In either case, the past is seen as behind us, the future as before us, and we ourselves are seen as moving irresistibly onward in our actions, and through our decisions. This is at once a heady view and a disturbing one. We control, indeed create, our own histories. At the same time, what we chose to do yesterday, and what our parents and others did and do influences and constrains our possibilities now. We view ourselves as a strange mixture of determined compulsions over which we have no control, and of the actions of our free wills for which we and we alone are responsible. I chose to study biology as an undergraduate; therein I created part of the history which is my life. But 1 also thereby constrained the choices available to me today; I can not now reasonably choose to work as a mathematician. Being a historical creature is a challenging existence, but it carries with it certain unhappy correlates. To see ourselves as imbedded in an historical existence is to see ourselves at the mercy of human history as a whole too, and not just of our personal histories. I f part of our personal history includes being born in a small country coveted by large empires, we find ourselves buffeted by the winds of change in international history. Being born in the sub-Saharan region of Africa in the 1970s puts us at the mercy of the want brought about by the drought in that area in that period of its natural history. To live in Germany in the 1930s as a Jew, or in South Africa in the 1970s as a black is to realize what being historical means. It means being vulnerable. Terrors and torture present themselves as a part of history.
c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling regulates events associated with both health and degeneration in motoneurons

Abstract The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are activated by various stimuli and are critical for neuronal development as well as for death following a stressful stimulus. Here, we have evaluated JNK activity in both healthy and dying motoneurons from developing chick embryos and found no apparent difference in overall JNK activity between the conditions, suggesting that this pathway maybe critical in both circumstances. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK in healthy motoneurons supplied with trophic support resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, neurite outgrowth, and phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 1B. On the other hand, in motoneurons deprived of trophic support, inhibition of JNK attenuated caspase activation, and nuclear condensation. We also examined the role of JNK’s downstream substrate c-Jun in mediating these events. While c-Jun expression and phosphorylation were greater in cells supplied with trophic support as compared with those deprived, inhibition of c-Jun had no effect on nuclear condensation in dying cells or neurite outgrowth in healthy cells, suggesting that JNK’s role in these events is independent of c-Jun. Together, our data underscore the dualistic nature of JNK signaling that is critical for both survival and degenerative changes in motoneurons.