cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infinitude of Wilson primes for $\mathbb F_{q}[t]$

For a prime p, the well-known Wilson congruence says that (p−1)! ≡ −1 modulo p. A prime p is called a Wilson prime, if the congruence above holds modulo p. We now quote from [R95, Pa. 346, 350]: ‘It is not known whether there are infinitely many Wilson primes. In this respect, Vandiver wrote: This question seems to be of such a character that if I should come to life any time after my death and some mathematician were to tell me it had been definitely settled, I think I would immediately drop dead again.’ He also mentions that search (by Crandall, Dilcher, Pomerance [CDP]) up to 5× 10 produced the only known Wilson primes, namely 5, 13, and 563, which was discovered by Goldberg in 1953 (one of the first successful computer searches involving very large numbers). (See [R95, Dic19] for historical references.) Many strong analogies [Gos96, Ro02, Tha04] between number fields and function fields over finite fields have been used to benefit the study of both. These analogies are even stronger in the base case Q,Z ↔ F (t), F [t], where F is a finite field. We will study the concept of Wilson prime in this function field context, and in contrast to the Z case, we will exhibit infinitely many of them, at least for many F . For example, ℘ = t3∗13 n − t13n − 1 are Wilson primes for F3[t]. We also show strong connections between Wilson’s and Fermat’s quotients; between refined Wilson residues and discriminants, and introduce analogs of Bell numbers in F [t] setting.
The Kock Pouch: Initial Experience and Complications

The modified Kock continent internal reservoir procedure has been performed on 15 patients at our medical center since December 1984: 13 underwent simultaneous anterior exenteration for pelvic malignancy, 1 had conversion from an ileal conduit and 1 underwent cystectomy for refractory interstitial cystitis. There was no operative mortality. There were 3 early complications: a urinary leak from the pouch in 2 patients that required re-exploration to close the defect, and an enteric-Kock pouch fistula in 1 that required resection of the small bowel fistula and repair of the pouch defect. All 3 patients are doing well. The late complication in 3 cases was urinary incontinence of the efferent nipple valve with difficulty in catheterization of the stoma. Two patients have undergone revision with a new efferent nipple valve added on to the pouch and creation of a new stoma. One patient is completely dry and continent, 1 has tolerable intermittent leakage and refuses a further operation, and 1 is awaiting revision. Although the initial experience is small, we are encouraged by these results and believe that this procedure is an alternative form of urinary diversion for the properly selected patient.
Imagining a Retributivist Alternative to Capital Punishment

The capital punishment debate is dominated by pro- and anti-death penalty zealots. There is little advocacy for an intermediate position to which a majority of Americans 'the "ambivalent majority," subscribe: that some crimes are so wicked that the perpetrators deserve the greatest possible degree of retributive punishment consistent with civilized society; but that death is not the only, nor the preferable imaginable such punishment. The Article proposes a constitutionally acceptable retributivist alternative to capital punishment that could attract broad enough support from the ambivalent majority to supplant the death penalty. The Article explains why the ambivalent majority has rejected the currently most severe alternative, "life without parole," because the prison system cannot guarantee that the perpetrator will experience sufficient retributive effects; and because an LWOP sentence does not have the same expressive effect as a death sentence. The Article proceeds to examine two models of harsh conditions of confinement; hard labor, and sensory deprivation/solitary confinement, and argues that only the latter is both practical and sufficiently retributive in highest condemnation cases. The author then proposes an Aggravated Murder statute, and an accompanying sensory deprivation punishment regime, that would implement such an alternative. Finally, the Article examines and rebuts objections that the alternative is either too harsh or too lenient. While the author is pessimistic regarding the political prospects of his proposed alternative, he hopes to spur public debate.
Providing LIS Students with Management Skills

ABSTRACTLIS schools should carefully consider how they will provide their students with opportunities to learn management skills. Required or elective management courses provide the greatest focus; but many other courses, especially type of library and practical experience courses, include a significant management component. Schools may also outsource management training to another unit such as the Business School. Other non-curricular possibilities include: offering or encouraging attending lectures, conferences, and workshops; supporting student organizations; suggesting membership in professional organizations; and publicizing internships. Prior life experience also makes a difference in student aptitude for management but is not under control of the school.
Adam Smith on Sympathy: From Self-Interest to Empathy

Is the assumed self-interested behavior in economics at odds with altruism and compassion? I believe that this question — which has been formulated in various ways in the literature for the past two centuries — is the thorn that often turns us away from reconciling the Adam Smith of the Wealth of Nations (hereinafter WN) with the Adam Smith of The Theory of Moral Sentiments (hereinafter TMS). Economics has certainly made WN the most known contribution by Smith since it is generally assumed that the publication of WN marks the beginning of economics as a discipline independent from philosophy. Indeed, it is a widely held belief that the concept of self-interest is not only central to WN, it also established self-interest as the founding principle of economic theory. For example, in his ‘Mathematical Psychics: an Essay on the Application of Mathematics to the Moral Sciences,’ F. Y. Edgeworth wrote, ‘the first principle of economics is that every agent is actuated by self interest’ (1881, p. 16). This was a received view at the time and the sentiment has not changed much since then, although the self-interest paradigm has graduated into the more sophisticated abstraction of utility-maximizing behavior. Under this more palatable name, self-interested behavior has been attributed more broadly to all human behavior, not just economic phenomena. Gary Becker, for example, claims that ‘the economic approach is a comprehensive one that is applicable to all human behavior’ (1976, p. 8).
Alternative process and support material for embedded fine-pad-pitch LSI package

Alternative processes have been developed that simplify the fabrication and improve the properties of the “SIRRIUS” package, a direct fan-out package that overcomes the problem of forming connections using flip chip bumps in LSI devices with an increasingly smaller bonding pad pitch and that does not increase the cost of the interposer substrate. Package separation using Cu etchant simplifies fabrication, base plate flatterning using a reverse-warpage apparatus makes the initial Cu base plate virtually flat, and use of an AlSiC base plate makes the SIRRIUS package 35% lighter than one with a Cu base plate. Use of these processes makes the SIRRIUS package even more attractive for the fine-pad-pitch LSI devices expected to replace flip chip ball grid array packages.
Building a transcript of the future

The pathways and learning outcomes of university students are the culmination of numerous experiences inside and outside of the classroom, with faculty and with other students, in both formal and casual settings. These interactions are guided by the general education requirements of the university and by the learning goals of the student. The only official record and representation of each student's education is captured by their academic transcript: typically a list of courses described by name and number, grades recorded on an A-F scale and summarized by GPA, degrees awarded, and honors received. This limited approach reflects the technological affordances of a 20th century industrial age. In recent years, scholars have begun to imagine a transcript of the future, perhaps combining a richer record of the student experience along with a portfolio of authentic products of student work. In this paper, we concentrate on first, and develop analytic methods for improving measures of both classroom performance and intellectual breadth. In each case, this is done by placing elements of individual transcripts in context using information about their peers. We frame the study by addressing basic questions. Were the courses taken by the student difficult on average? Did the individual stand out from their peers? Were the courses representative of a broad intellectual experience, or did the student delve into detail in the chosen field of study? And with whom did they take courses?
The value of systematic contouring of the bowel for treatment plan optimization in image-guided cervical cancer high-dose-rate brachytherapy.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the dose–volume histogram metrics and optimization results of the contoured bowel in cervical cancer brachytherapy. Methods and Materials Treatment plans of cervical cancer patients treated with image-guided high dose rate were retrospectively analyzed with institutional review board approval. In addition to the clinical target volume, rectum, bladder, and sigmoid, the bowel was contoured at the time of planning (Group 1) or at the time of this analysis (Group 2). Results Thirty-two patients treated with 145 insertions were included. Before optimization, mean ± 1 standard deviation overall bowel minimum dose to the most irradiated 2 cm 3 volume of an organ ( D 2cc ) was 67.8 Gy α/β3 ± 13.7 Gy α/β3 (Group 1: 72.6 ± 13.2 Gy α/β3 ; Group 2: 57.3 ± 8.0 Gy α/β3 ). Before optimization, one patient in Group 1 presented a bowel D 2cc metric exceeding 100 Gy α/β3 . After optimization, bowel D 2cc mean ± 1 standard deviation was 59.4 ± 6.7 Gy α/β3 (Group 1: 61.4 ± 6.0 Gy α/β3 , p α/β3 , p = 0.026). Conclusions Given the potentially high doses and the benefit of optimization in reducing dose to the organs at risk, we recommend consideration of systematic contouring of the bowel when bowel is present in the pelvis.
Regulation of Voltage-Activated K+ Channels

Regulation of voltage-activated K+ channels, or any ion channel, has as its final common pathway the channel pore. After first treating some of the regulatory mechanisms, I will discuss our present understanding of pore structure. Regulation of the pore is principally performed by the voltage sensor of the channel and the gates that the sensor opens. It is these processes that are usually modulated, frequently by phosphorylation, and the phosphorylation is often initiated by G protein receptors. However, some K+ channels are gated not by changes in membrane potential but by specific ligands, two notable ligands being G proteins and ATP.
Manipulative Apps to Support Students with Disabilities in Mathematics.

Understanding mathematical concepts is important for all students, although often challenging for many students with disabilities. Historically, educators have used concrete manipulatives to suppor...
The Genetic Heterogeneity among Different Mouse Strains Impacts the Lung Injury Potential of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Genetic variation constitutes an important variable impacting the susceptibility to inhalable toxic substances and air pollutants, as reflected by epidemiological studies in humans and differences among animal strains. While multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are capable of causing lung fibrosis in rodents, it is unclear to what extent the genetic variation in different mouse strains influence the outcome. Four inbred mouse strains, including C57Bl/6, Balb/c, NOD/ShiLtJ, and A/J, to test the pro-fibrogenic effects of a library of MWCNTs in vitro and in vivo are chosen. Ex vivo analysis of IL-1β production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as molecular initiating event (MIE) is performed. The order of cytokine production (Balb/c > A/J > C57Bl/6 > NOD/ShiLtJ) in BMDMs is also duplicated during assessment of IL-1β production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the same mouse strains 40 h after oropharyngeal instillation of a representative MWCNT. Animal test after 21 d also confirms a similar hierarchy in TGF-β1 production and collagen deposition in the lung. Statistical analysis confirms a correlation between IL-1β production in BMDM and the lung fibrosis. All considered, these data demonstrate that genetic background indeed plays a major role in determining the pro-fibrogenic response to MWCNTs in the lung.
Comprehensive Field Services for Severely Handicapped Blind Children

The third article in a series describing the conceptualization, implementation, and results to date of the George Peabody College for Teachers’ Model Center for Severely Handicapped, Multi-Impaired...
Sign Language Interpretation and General Theories of Language, Interpretation and Communication

The practice of interpretation of sign languages dates back many, many years, though the practice is just now struggling to achieve the status of a profession — shifting from a more-or-less clinical focus to a more-or-less linguistic one. Research on sign languages, which is itself very recent, has convincingly demonstrated that at least some sign languages are indeed languages in the linguistic sense, thereby forcing us to expand our conceptions of the nature of language and to re-examine our approaches to the study of language. Experiments on the simultaneous interpretation of sign languages are contributing to our knowledge and understanding of language and communication in general as well as to the resolution of problems dealing specifically with sign language interpretation. These are the major points that we have gained from the presentations by Domingue and Ingram, Tweney, and Murphy. The relevance of their discussions of sign language interpretation to the general subject areas of language, interpretation, and communication is largely self-evident. Essentially, we are all saying that the interpretation of sign languages is an integral part of the general study of interpretation and that no description (practical or theoretical) of interpretation which fails to take account of sign language interpretation can be regarded as complete. I have set myself the task of demonstrating this point beyond any doubt. The papers by Domingue and Ingram, Tweney, and Murphy have called attention to a number of problems in interpretation of sign languages. My approach will be to explore some of these problems further in relation to language, interpretation and communication in general.
Cell Membrane Tracking in Living Brain Tissue Using Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is widely used for observing unstained biological samples that are otherwise optically transparent. Combining this optical technique with machine vision could enable the automation of many life science experiments; however, identifying relevant features under DIC is challenging. In particular, precise tracking of cell boundaries in a thick ( ${>} 100 \mu \text{m}$ ) slice of tissue has not previously been accomplished. We present a novel deconvolution algorithm that achieves the state-of-the-art performance at identifying and tracking these membrane locations. Our proposed algorithm is formulated as a regularized least squares optimization that incorporates a filtering mechanism to handle organic tissue interference and a robust edge-sparsity regularizer that integrates dynamic edge tracking capabilities. As a secondary contribution, this paper also describes new community infrastructure in the form of a MATLAB toolbox for accurately simulating DIC microscopy images of in vitro brain slices. Building on existing DIC optics modeling, our simulation framework additionally contributes an accurate representation of interference from organic tissue, neuronal cell-shapes, and tissue motion due to the action of the pipette. This simulator allows us to better understand the image statistics (to improve algorithms), as well as quantitatively test cell segmentation and tracking algorithms in scenarios, where ground truth data is fully known.
Erythropoiesis, EPO, macrophages, and bone

The regulation of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow microenvironment is a carefully orchestrated process that is dependent upon both systemic and local cues. Systemic erythropoietin (EPO) production by renal interstitial cells plays a critical role in maintaining erythropoietic homeostasis. In addition, there is increasing clinical and preclinical data linking changes in EPO and erythropoiesis to altered skeletal homeostasis, suggesting a functional relationship between the regulation of erythropoiesis and bone homeostasis. As key local components of the bone marrow microenvironment and erythropoietic niche, macrophage subsets play important roles in both processes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may facilitate the coordinated regulation of erythropoiesis and bone homeostasis.
Striving for Excellence in Introductory Computer Science Courses Using Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT)

1.SUMMARY This special session will focus on a multi-year project based on an AAC&U Teaching to Increase Diversity and Equity in STEM (TIDES) grant focused on integrating Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) in Computer Science courses at Montgomery College, a highly diverse urban-suburban community college in Maryland. The presenters will discuss the project's development of a CRT model based on a "Discover-Adjust-Assess" process that took into account the realities of the college's faculty and student contexts. Attendees will participate in awareness-raising activities, analyze case studies involving common teaching-learning challenges using CRT-based concepts and tools, and be presented with sample data in the form of student/faculty survey results and interview responses. Several CRT resources created as part of the project will also be presented.
The family child care home environment and children's diet quality

Abstract Background Developing healthy eating behaviors and food preferences in early childhood may help establish future healthy diets. Large numbers of children spend time in child care, but little research has assessed the nutritional quality of meals and snacks in family child care homes. Therefore, it is important to assess foods and beverages provided, policies related to nutrition and feeding children, and interactions between providers and children during mealtimes. We examined associations between the nutrition environments of family child care homes and children's diet quality. Methods We assessed the nutrition environments of 166 family child care homes using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) (scores range: 0–21). We also recorded foods and beverages consumed by 496 children in care and calculated healthy eating index (HEI) (scores range: 0–100). We used a mixed effects linear regression model to examine the association between the EPAO nutrition environment (and EPAO sub-scales) and child HEI, controlling for potential confounders. Results Family child care homes had a mean (standard deviation, SD) of 7.2 (3.6) children in care, 74.1% of providers were black or African American, and children had a mean (SD) age of 35.7 (11.4) months. In adjusted multivariable models, higher EPAO nutrition score was associated with increased child HEI score (1.16; 95% CI: 0.34, 1.98; p = 0.006). Higher scores on EPAO sub-scales for foods provided (8.98; 95% CI: 3.94, 14.01; p = 0.0006), nutrition education (5.37; 95% CI: 0.80, 9.94; p = 0.02), and nutrition policy (2.36; 95% CI: 0.23, 4.49; p = 0.03) were all associated with greater child HEI score. Conclusions Foods and beverages served, in addition to nutrition education and nutrition policies in family child care homes, may be promising intervention targets for improving child diet quality.
The Unfinished Story of Roe V. Wade

We tell the story of Roe v. Wade for a forthcoming volume in the Foundation Press Law Stories series. To those who support abortion rights, Roe demonstrates the Court’s crucial role in protecting individual rights in the face of determined political opposition. For its critics, Roe was the work of an “unelected” Court creating new constitutional rights; supposedly, by deciding matters properly left to democratic determination, the Court inflamed conflict over abortion and riled our politics. We explain the origins of the abortion right and conflicts over it differently. The story we tell is not simply a litigation history of a landmark case, but as importantly a story about the democratic foundations of our constitutional law. We start our account of the abortion conflict before Supreme Court litigation begins. Conflict enters the picture well before the courts do, as people argue over the Constitution’s meaning in their everyday lives. We recount how citizens who lacked power in any conventional sense were able over time to change the way the nation and its courts understood longstanding guarantees of liberty, of equality, and of life. Roe itself, filed in federal district court in Dallas in March 1970, was one of many cases in the late 1960s and early 1970s that invoked the Constitution to challenge the century-old regime of criminal abortion statutes; Roe just happened to be first in line on the Supreme Court's docket. These cases emerged from principled and heated dialogue among powerful social movements that initially did not even have courts in view. The story of Roe v. Wade is the story of conflict born in democratic politics that engendered the rights claims that the Court would ultimately recognize. The conflict continues to this day, even as advocates and their arguments have changed as few would have expected. This framework offers a fresh context for reading Roe. Enlarging our perspective in this way allows us to recover claims for and against abortion rights to which the Court’s opinion in Roe responded, as well as claims that the Court ignored—claims for women’s equality and for protecting potential life that played an important role in reshaping the abortion right nearly twenty years later in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey. The account of Roe’s history the chapter offers can inform both normative and predictive debate about Roe’s future.
Volume of Brain Herniation After Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background The decompressive hemicraniectomy operation is highly effective in relieving refractory intracranial hypertension. However, one limitation of this treatment strategy is the requirement to perform a subsequent cranioplasty operation to reconstruct the skull defect—an expensive procedure with high complication rates. An implant that is capable of accommodated post-hemicraniectomy brain swelling, but also provides acceptable skull defect coverage after brain swelling abates, would theoretically eliminate the need for the cranioplasty operation. In an earlier report, the concept of using a thin, moveable plate implant for this purpose was introduced. Methods Measurements were obtained in a series of stroke patients to determine whether a plate offset from the skull by 5 mm would accommodate the observed post-hemicraniectomy brain swelling. The volume of brain swelling measured in all patients in the stroke series would be accommodated by a 5-mm offset plate. In the current report, we expanded our analysis to study brain swelling patterns in a different population of patients requiring a hemicraniectomy operation: those with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Results We identified 56 patients with TBI and measured their postoperative brain herniation volumes. A moveable plate offset by 5 mm would create sufficient additional volume to accommodate the brain swelling measured in all but one patient. That patient had malignant intraoperative brain swelling and died the following day. Conclusions These data suggest that a 5 mm offset plate will provide sufficient volume for brain expansion for almost all hemicraniectomy operations.
Neither Boon nor Bane: The Economic Effects of a Landscape-Scale National Monument

The designation of landscape-scale national monuments has generated intense debate as to whether their regional economic effects are positive or negative. National monuments can restrict land uses, thus favoring economic development based on the low-wage tourism industry relative to higher-wage extractive industries. Utah’s Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument has been managed for landscape-scale conservation while protecting existing valid uses. We assess postdesignation trends in the ranching, mining, and tourism industries, after which pre- and postdesignation paths of per capita income are examined using difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods. We conclude that monument designation had no effect on regional per capita income.
Multi-Disciplinary Simulations and Computational and Data Grids

Computational and Data “Grids” are middleware for building dynamically constructed problem solving environments using geographically and organizationally dispersed high performance computing and data handling resources. Grids also provide infrastructure for collaboration.
Logistics: An Evolutionary Perspective, Considerations and Future Directions

The current trends in logistics are reviewed. The author posits that the forces of technology and competition are driving logistics to a more process oriented approach. A classification schema is proposed for evaluating the logistics function along the axes of physical v. non physical focus and internal v. external focus. Future directions of logistics are considered in light of these forces.
The Role of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Interactions in Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Multiple neurons, each of which release different chemicals at their nerve terminals, synapse in the central nervous system (CNS), and pathological changes in the metabolism of one neurotransmitter can alter the release of transmitters from other neurons in the circuit. The most thoroughly investigated example of this phenomenon is the synaptic interaction of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons with intrastriatal cholinergic nerve cells. Different types of abnormalities of this pathway have been implicated as causally related to movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea and tardive dyskinesias. Dysfunction of dopaminergic-cholinergic synapses in the limbic system may be relevant to an understanding of the pathophysiology of certain psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize our knowledge of the central dopaminergic and cholinergic interactions which may be abnormal in certain types of psychoses and movement disorders.
Interaction between Atomic Ensembles and Optical Resonators: Classical Description

Abstract Many effects in the interaction between atoms and a cavity that are usually described in quantum mechanical terms (cavity quantum electrodynamics, cavity QED) can be understood and quantitatively analyzed within a classical framework. We adopt such a classical picture of a radiating dipole oscillator to derive explicit expressions for the coupling of single atoms and atomic ensembles to Gaussian modes in free space and in an optical resonator. The cooperativity parameter of cavity QED is shown to play a central role and is given a geometrical interpretation. The classical analysis yields transparent, intuitive results that are useful for analyzing applications of cavity QED such as atom detection and counting, cavity cooling, cavity spin squeezing, cavity spin optomechanics, or phase transitions associated with the self-organization of the ensemble-light system.
Organizing principles for voluntary movement: extending single-joint rules

1. Four subjects performed fast flexions of the elbow or shoulder over three different distances. Elbow flexions were performed both in a horizontal, single-degree-of-freedom manipulandum and in a ...
Regulation of metabolic health by essential dietary amino acids

Although the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) on health and aging were first observed a century ago, the specific macronutrients and molecular processes that mediate the effect of CR have been heavily debated. Recently, it has become clear that dietary protein plays a key role in regulating both metabolic health and longevity, and that both the quantity and quality - the specific amino acid composition - of dietary protein mediates metabolic health. Here, we discuss recent findings in model organisms ranging from yeast to mice and humans regarding the influence of dietary protein as well as specific amino acids on metabolic health, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms which may mediate these effects. We then discuss recent findings which suggest that the restriction of specific dietary amino acids may be a potent therapy to treat or prevent metabolic syndrome. Finally, we discuss the potential for dietary restriction of specific amino acids - or pharmaceuticals which harness these same mechanisms - to promote healthy aging.
Determinants of the Nasal Microbiome: Pilot Study of Effects of Intranasal Medication Use

IntroductionA role for bacteria and other microbes has long been suspected in the chronic inflammatory sinonasal diseases. Recent studies utilizing culture-independent, sequence-based identificatio...
140 Characters of Intoxication: Exploring the Prevalence of Alcohol-Related Tweets and Predicting Their Virality:

Past research has suggested an associative relationship between social media use and alcohol consumption, especially among the younger generations. The current study takes a generalizable approach ...
195 INFLUENCE OF SERUM BILIRUBIN ON PULSATILE ARTERIAL FUNCTION IN ASYMPTOMATIC YOUNG ADULTS: THE BOGALUSA HEART STUDY.

Background The inverse association between serum bilirubin, a potent antioxidant, and oxidative stress-mediated diseases such as CV disease is known. However, information is scant regarding the influence of bilirubin in relation to traditional CV risk factors on pulsatile arterial function in asymptomatic younger adults. Methods The pulsatile arterial function, serum bilirubin, and CV risk factor variables were measured in 777 black and white subjects (71% white, 42% male) aged 18 to 44 years. Pulsatile arterial function was assessed in terms of large artery (capacitive) and small artery (oscillatory) compliances by radial artery pressure pulse contour analysis. Results In bivariate analysis adjusted for race and gender, bilirubin related significantly and positively to large and small artery compliances and HDL cholesterol and inversely to age, body mass index, blood pressure variables, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance index. In multivariate analysis including race, gender, body surface area, and risk factor variables mentioned above, bilirubin did not relate to large artery compliance, without or with smoking status in the model, whereas bilirubin associated beneficially with small artery compliance (p = .01) in a model that excluded smoking status. When smoking status was included in the model, this association became less strong (p = .04), and smoking entered the model as an adverse predictor (p = .003). Further, after adjusting for age, race, and gender, nonsmokers versus smokers displayed higher bilirubin levels (p = .02). Conclusions The observed beneficial effect of serum bilirubin on pulsatile arterial function, albeit the attenuating effect of smoking on this relationship, in asymptomatic younger adults supports the antioxidant function of bilirubin in providing protection against oxidative stress-mediated vascular dysfunction.
Psychopathology in Children and Their Caregivers Following America’s Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina struck the southern coast of the United States on August 31, 2005. This Category 5 hurricane was one of the worst disasters in American history. Here, we review the background and context of Katrina, the costliest ($125 billion) hurricane to ever hit the United States, emphasizing the complex series of traumatic events encompassed by the storm and its aftermath. In particular, we focus on the complicated experiences faced by Katrina-exposed children and their families and review follow-up research on Katrina’s effects on children and their caregivers in both New Orleans, Louisiana, and the coastal Mississippi area. These populations demonstrated high rates of psychopathology, especially PTSD, in the aftermath of the hurricane. We consider findings regarding risk and protective factors and conclude by discussing lessons learned and future directions in disaster preparedness, policy planning, recovery efforts, and treatment interventions.
The cost of operating room delays in an endourology center.

Introduction: This study sought to characterize delays and estimate resulting costs during nephrolithiasis surgery. Methods: Independent observers documented delays during ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedures. Fifty index cases over a period of three months was considered sufficient to observe the generalizable trends. Operating room staff, excluding the surgeons, were blinded. Time-related metrics and delays preventing case progression were recorded using a smartphone-accessible data-collection instrument. Delays were categorized as: 1) missing equipment; 2) missing personnel; 3) equipment malfunction; or 4) delay due to case complexity. The first two categories were regarded as preventable and the latter two non-preventable. Results: Forty URS and 18 PCNL cases were included. There was a total of 56 delays in 35 (65%) cases. Twelve (67%) PCNLs and 23 (58%) URSs had delays (p=0.57). The mean cumulative delay per case was 3.5±3.2 minutes. Pre-start delays (n=17) were 4.5±3.5 minutes on average while intraoperative delays (n=39) were 3.1±2.9 minutes (p=0.167). Delays were evenly spread among the four categories. Thirty-one (55%) delays were preventable (mean 3.7±3.2 minutes) while 25 (45%) were non-preventable (mean 3.2±3.2 minutes) (p=0.58). This translates to $137 per case in preventable costs. Conclusions: Preventable operative delays are encountered frequently in nephrolithiasis surgery, translating to significant additional charges and costs. We demonstrate a rationale for the development of improved communication and workflow protocols to increase efficiency in endourological surgeries. Key limitations are the observational nature of the study and sample size.
Politura and Polychromy on Ancient Marble Sculpture

The highly nuanced surface polishes evident on marble sculptures from the later Greek and Roman periods were integral to their material and polychrome aesthetics in antiquity. This paper reconsiders these polishes (L. politura, -ae) that remain often summarily described and little examined. Aspects of the textual, archaeological, and physical evidence for polishes on marble sculpture are critically commented upon and post-antique assumptions about the techniques and intended viewing of polished marble surfaces are critiqued. The polishes on marble statuary may be profitably compared to other translucent painted media, including the ancient tradition of painted glass, exemplified by the little-known Paris Plate, and the larger, diverse range of translucent stone sculpture in antiquity. These comparisons form a basis for rethinking common assumptions about polished white marble, its relative status in antiquity, and the craft specialization of ancient sculptors.
Viva la Revolucion

Despite a decades-long steady flow of technology innovations, most higher education instructors have consistently resisted moving their face-to-face lectures online. Will COVID-19 finally bring about the revolution/evolution to online teaching that educational technologists have been hoping for all these years?
Suture: Stitching Safety onto Kubernetes Operators

Kubernetes operators allow custom automation for applications to be packaged with the application in a cluster-agnostic manner. This unique property eliminates the need for inhouse operational expertise with the application --- such domain knowledge, encoded once, can be distributed to any environment --- but requires trusting the operator to run arbitrary actions across an entire cluster. Little is known about the security or reliability implications of this paradigm. We present results from a survey of 54 Kubernetes developers and an analysis of 215 feature requests against 19 operator repositories demonstrating the ways users have experienced nontrivial safety issues with operators. We further propose the development of Suture, an access-control mechanism that seeks to prevent the majority of these safety issues with operators.
Curbing Illicit Financial Flows in Afghanistan

This publication explores the challenges and prospects of curbing illicit financial flows (IFFs) in Afghanistan. The research examines various issues relating to IFFs including, inter alia, corruption, drug trade, money laundering, terrorism financing, and the hawala system. Afghanistan’s legal and regulatory framework in addressing IFFs is analyzed, including compliance with regional and international benchmarks such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards.
Secure Cloud EHR with Semantic Access Control, Searchable Encryption and Attribute Revocation

To ensure a secure Cloud-based Electronic Health Record (EHR) system, we need to encrypt data and impose field-level access control to prevent malicious usage. Since the attributes of the Users will change with time, the encryption policies adopted may also vary. For large EHR systems, it is often necessary to search through the encrypted data in realtime and perform client-side computations without decrypting all patient records. This paper describes our novel cloud-based EHR system that uses Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) combined with Semantic Web technologies to facilitate differential access to an EHR, thereby ensuring only Users with valid attributes can access a particular field of the EHR. The system also includes searchable encryption using keyword index and search trapdoor, which allows querying EHR fields without decrypting the entire patient record. The attribute revocation feature is efficiently managed in our EHR by delegating the revision of the secret key and ciphertext to the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). Our methodology incorporates advanced security features that eliminate malicious use of EHR data and contributes significantly towards ensuring secure digital health systems on the Cloud.
Stage at diagnosis and survival among adolescents and young adults with lymphomas following the Affordable Care Act implementation in California.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 15-39 years) are the largest uninsured population in the Unites States, increasing the likelihood of late-stage cancer diagnosis and poor survival. We evaluated the associations between the Affordable Care Act (ACA), insurance coverage, stage at diagnosis, and survival among AYAs with lymphoma. We used data from the California Cancer Registry linked to Medicaid enrollment files on AYAs diagnosed with a primary non-Hodgkin (NHL; n=5,959) or Hodgkin (HL; n=5,378) lymphoma pre-ACA and in the early and full ACA eras. Health insurance was categorized as continuous Medicaid, discontinuous Medicaid, Medicaid enrollment at diagnosis/uninsurance, other public, and private. We used multivariable regression models for statistical analyses. The proportion of AYAs uninsured/Medicaid enrolled at diagnosis decreased from 13.4% pre-ACA to 9.7% with full ACA implementation, while continuous Medicaid increased from 9.3% to 29.6% during this time (p<0.001). After full ACA, AYAs with NHL were less likely to be diagnosed with stage IV disease (aOR=0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97). AYAs with lymphoma were more likely to receive care at National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers (aOR=1.42, 95% CI 1.28-1.57) and had lower likelihood of death (aHR=0.54, 95% CI 0.46-0.63) after full ACA. However, AYAs from the lowest socioeconomic neighborhoods, racial/ethnic minority groups, and those with Medicaid, continued to experience worse survival. In summary, AYAs with lymphomas experienced increased access to healthcare and better clinical outcomes following Medicaid expansion under the ACA. Yet, socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities remain, calling for additional efforts to decrease health inequities among underserved AYAs with lymphoma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Trends in Computer System Structure and Architecture

Management of Complexity is the overriding concern in the development of modern Data Processing Systems. We observe a split into systems which are used in a computing center, and systems which are used by an individual department. The first class of systems is characterized by general purpose attributes of its structure and features for adaption to a wide spectrum of individual users. The second class is characterized by a tayloring of hardware and software features to individual applications.
Current and material transport at Tomogashima Strait, Japan

Tomogashima Strait, which is an entrance of Osaka Bay, is a very important area for material transport because a large volume of pollutant-rich water in Osaka Bay is transported through this strait. We have investigated the cross sectional structures of current and material fluxes at Tomogashima Strait, Osaka Bay. Tidal current and residual flow patterns in cross section at Tomogashima Strait during summer and winter are almost the same, and residual flow in summer is stronger than that in winter. However, the net water exchange through the strait in summer was almost the same volume as that in winter. At Tomogashima Strait, total suspended matter (TSM) and particulate organic carbon (POC), and individual nitrogen and phosphorus compartments in Osaka Bay always flowed out except particulate organic nitrogen (PON). The average outflows of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) at Tomogashima Strait over a year were calculated to be 145 ton/d and 30 ton/d, respectively. The average outflow of DIN and DIP at Tomogashima Strait over a year were 95 ton/d and 13 ton/d (DIN/DIP = 16), respectively. Residence times of both DIN and DIP in Osaka Bay were estimated to be about two months.
Comparison of ribosomal proteins from neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells: Resolution by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Abstract Functionally active mammalian membrane-free ribosomes were prepared from rat forebrain, a solid tumor (mouse neuroblastoma C-1300) and a human tumor cell-line in suspension culture (HeLa). Proteins were extracted from these ribosomes and were resolved by a newly developed, two dimensional gel electrophoretic procedure. Although the ribosomal protein patterns from the three preparations were generally similar, there were four obvious differences between the forebrain ribosomes and the ribosomes from the two neoplastic cell types.
Efficacy and safety of, and patient satisfaction with, colonoscopic-administered fecal microbiota transplantation in relapsing and refractory community- and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection

OBJECTIVE: To report the efficacy and safety of, and patient satisfaction with, colonoscopic fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for community- and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
The Anaplasma marginale msp5 gene encodes a 19-kilodalton protein conserved in all recognized Anaplasma species.

Abstract Immunization with Anaplasma marginale outer membranes induced immunity against clinical disease which correlated with antibody titer to outer membrane proteins, including a 19-kDa protein (N. Tebele, T. C. McGuire, and G. H. Palmer, Infect. Immun. 59:3199-3204, 1991). This 19-kDa protein, designated major surface protein 5 (MSP-5), was encoded by a single-copy 633-bp gene. The molecular mass of MSP-5, defined in immunoblots by binding to monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1, was conserved among all recognized species of Anaplasma: A. marginale, A. centrale, and A. ovis. Recombinant MSP-5, which absorbed the antibody reactivity of bovine immune serum to native MSP-5, was recognized by anti-A. marginale and anti-A. centrale immune sera in a competitive inhibition assay with monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1. The presence of antibody to the epitope defined by monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1 in all postinfection sera tested indicates that this epitope is a potential diagnostic antigen for use in identifying persistently infected cattle.
Recent progress on relativistic magnetrons using a transparent cathode

Researchers at the University of New Mexico (UNM) recently proposed that a transparent cathode can significantly improve the output characteristics of magnetrons [1]. Since then, a comprehensive study using particle-in-cell simulations [2] has identified the many benefits of using this cathode. At present we are in the midst of preparations for performing the first experiments at UNM to demonstrate the key features of using a transparent cathode instead of a traditional solid cathode. This paper will review the various benefits of operating relativistic and nonrelativistic magnetrons using a transparent cathode. In addition, plans for the initial experiments at the University of New Mexico on an A6 magnetron [3] driven by a short-pulse Sinus-6 accelerator will be presented. Future experiments on an A6 magnetron using a longer pulse (50 ns) accelerator at UNM will also be described, including details on the pulsed power redesign of the UNM PI-110A accelerator.
ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF HUMAN INFERIOR VENA CAVA.

A comparison was made of activities of 15 different enzymes in normal tissue samples of the inferior vena cava and aorta derived from the same subjects. Statistically significant differences between venous and arterial specimens were observed for 10 of these enzymes. Comparative studies on the intermediary metabolism of the vascular walls may disclose some of the factors responsible for the low susceptibility of human veins and the high susceptibility of human arteries to sclerotic changes.
Paper 1: A Sensitive Manikin for Evaluating Seat Comfort

To supplement subjective appraisal to determine the degree of comfort provided by an automobile seat, there was an increasing need for an instrument capable of quantitatively measuring pressures between the occupant and the seat.The method used to determine, initially, the optimum pressure distribution by subjective road tests on a specially constructed seat is described.The S.A.E. manikin, being adjustable and possessing its own measuring devices in addition to simulating the human being for size, weight, and proportions, was the obvious choice for use as a basis for the new tool. Mechanical load cells fitted with strain gauges were used successfully for measuring pressures between the occupant and the seat and, therefore, proved acceptable for attachment to the relevant area of the manikin.The display of the results was initially achieved by the construction of isograms, but although visually effective it was too time-consuming. By using results obtained in this manner from nearly thirty complete seat t...
Large deflection of laminated circular plates with clamped edge and uniform loading

AbstractAn analytical nonlinear elasticity theory was developed and used to predict large deflection of laminated circular plates with clamped boundaries. For comparison purposes, numerical solutions were obtained with a finite element software, ANSYS. Experiments were carried out using a fibre optical displacement sensor to validate the theory. Results from these three approaches show agreement.