cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Outcome of Perioperative Ischemic Strokes from Large Vessel Occlusions Associated with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (5076)

Objective: -Determine LVO frequency in perioperative TAVR strokes. -Assess outcomes following acute reperfusion therapy. Background: Ischemic stroke is a known perioperative complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Although rates of ischemic strokes after TAVR are reported variably between 0.7–6.5%, the prevalence and outcomes of large vessel occlusion (LVO) ischemic strokes in TAVR patients remains undetermined. Design/Methods: From January 2012 to December 2017, 1717 patients underwent TAVR at a single tertiary center. Perioperative stroke was defined as stroke within 14 days of surgery. LVOs (internal carotid, middle cerebral (M1 or M2), basilar or posterior cerebral artery occlusions) were detected using CTA or MRA. Acute reperfusion therapy was intravenous alteplase (IV tPA) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Outcome variables were recanalization after thrombolysis (TICI grading system) and NIHSS after intervention or upon hospital discharge (whichever was lower). Results: Overall, 107 (6.2%) TAVR patients developed perioperative ischemic strokes. Among those, 6 had LVOs with occlusions in L M1 (n=3), L M2 (n=1), R M2 (n=1), L P1 (n=1). Four underwent MT, with only one receiving IV tPA beforehand. Three patients achieved TICI 2B and one achieved TICI 3 recanalization. Two patients worsened following reperfusion therapy, including the patient that received both IV tPA and thrombectomy (pre-MT NIHSS of 19, post-MT NIHSS of 21). The patients that improved had post-MT NIHSS of 0 and 2, (initial NIHSS 21 and 7 respectively). Two of the clots were sent for histopathological examination (one reported as frank calcification, and the other as fibrin-rich thrombus). Conclusions: In our cohort, the prevalence of TAVR-associated LVO ischemic strokes was 6%. Outcomes after recanalization were variable. Factors affecting outcomes may have been IV tPA eligibility, stroke severity at onset and degree of reperfusion achieved. Further studies are needed to better understand the true real world prevalence of LVOs after TAVR and the factors affecting outcome variability. Disclosure: Dr. Santucci has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kharal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uchino has nothing to disclose.
Functional recovery following surgery for chronic subdural hematoma.

Background Among the elderly, chronic subdural hematoma is a relatively common neurosurgical condition. Presenting symptoms range from headache and focal neurological deficits to seizure and coma depending on location and extent of brain compression. Functional recovery following surgery for chronic subdural hematoma is central to quality of life and ongoing health for elderly patients; however, there is a paucity of data regarding functional recovery in this population. Methods In this study, the physical activity of patients who underwent surgical evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma was surveyed, as well as participation in physical therapy following surgery. In total, 38 patients completed the survey. Results Of the 30 patients who exercised regularly before surgery, 28 (90.3%) returned to exercise within 1 year after surgery. Of 13 patients who reported playing hobby sports before surgery, 9 (69.2%) returned to those sports. 17/38 (44.7%) patients participated in physical therapy after surgery. 35/38 (92.1%) of patients reported that the surgery improved their quality of life. Conclusion The majority of patients who underwent surgery for chronic subdural hematoma were able to return to exercise within 1 year. Participation in physical therapy was associated with return to exercise and sports. Further study is needed to determine which factors contribute to a return to baseline levels of physical activity following surgery for chronic subdural hematoma.
Strategies targeting FLT3 beyond the kinase inhibitors.

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of the myeloid progenitor cells, which leads to the accumulation of immature cells called blasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 occur in 30% of normal karyotype patients with AML and are associated with a higher incidence of relapse and worse survival. Targeted therapies against FLT3 mutations using small-molecule FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have long been investigated, with some showing favorable clinical outcomes. However, major setbacks such as limited clinical efficacy and the high risk of acquired resistance remain unresolved. FLT3 signaling, mutations, and FLT3 inhibitors are topics that have been extensively reviewed in recent years. Strategies to target FLT3 beyond the small molecule kinase inhibitors are expanding, nevertheless they are not receiving enough attention. These modalities include antibody-based FLT3 targeted therapies, immune cells mediated targeting strategies, and approaches targeting downstream signaling pathways and FLT3 translation. Here, we review the most recent advances and the challenges associated with the development of therapeutic modalities targeting FLT3 beyond the kinase inhibitors.
AI for conservation: learning to track birds with radar

How deep neural networks can process millions of weather radar data points to help researchers monitor continental-scale bird migration.
Direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey as a base for a shelf-stable athletic-type drink

A shelf-stable athletic-type beverage was developed from direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey. First, the pH of the whey was adjusted to 5.2 with a saturated potassium hydroxide solution. The whey was heated with stirring to 90°C and held for 10 min to coagulate the protein, which then was removed by filtering or centrifuging. Calcium hydroxide was added to increase the pH to 5.6, and then potassium hydroxide was added to bring the pH up further to 6.5. The whey was filtered or centrifuged again to remove the cloudiness caused by addition of calcium hydroxide and additional protein precipitation. Beta-galactosidase was added and whey was held at 5°C for 18 h to hydrolyze the lactose. Then, one part water was mixed with two parts whey before saturated citric acid was added to make an acceptable orange-flavored beverage. The beverage then was heated to 88°C and stored in 8-fl. oz. bottles capped with Teflon-lined closures. The levels of electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, in this product were similar to those in commercially available athletic-type drinks. In two separate trials, involving 28 persons each, the whey-based drink, when compared with a commercial product, was preferred 64% and 46% of the time, respectively. During storage some of the added sucrose was hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose; however, a taste panel did not detect a change in sweetness in the stored products. The heat process used (88°C for 5 min) appeared to be adequate for commercial sterility. The stability of the product during storage was good and estimated to be longer than 6 months. Ingredient cost of the whey-based athletic-type drink was $0.14 per 32 fl. oz.
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Development Status

Mission Objective: (1) Improve scientific understanding of the global water cycle and fresh water availability (2) Improve the accuracy of precipitation forecasts (3) Provide frequent and complete sampling of the Earth s precipitation Mission Description (Class B, Category I): (1) Constellation of spacecraft provide global precipitation measurement coverage (2) NASA/JAXA Core spacecraft: Provides a microwave radiometer (GMI) and dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) to cross-calibrate entire constellation (3) 65 deg inclination, 400 km altitude (4) Launch July 2013 on HII-A (5) 3 year mission (5 year propellant) (6) Partner constellation spacecraft.
A Study of Predicted and Experimental Wall Collapse in Models of Highly Stenotic Arteries

This study was designed to investigate the effect of stenosis on wall motion and collapse in a latex tube model. Much work has been reported on the collapse of veins and other thin-walled tubes within Starling resistor chambers [1,2]. These papers identify critical controlling factors such as the transmural pressure, upstream and downstream pressure and longitudinal tension. Additionally, they report choking, the waterfall phenomenon, and dynamic behavior such as flutter. None of these articles specifically address the problem of wall excursion and collapse distal to a high grade stenosis. However, Elad et al [3] report on the increased likelihood of transition to supercritical flow with a local area constriction in a model of the pulmonary system which suggests that stenoses may cause collapse. In this article, we report theoretical and experimental physiologic conditions under which arterial wall collapse may occur distal to an atherosclerotic stenosis.
University abortion programs: one year later.

Abstract A survey of 86 university abortion programs was carried out in December 1973, essentially one year after the Supreme Court abortion decision. Information is presented on the role of university hospitals in providing abortion services and in meeting educational and investigational needs in this area. It would appear that many university departments have not fully assimilated the elective abortion into their service and educational programs.
Sign Reversal of the Mn-O Bond Compressibility in L a 1.2 S r 1.8 M n 2 O 7 below T C : Exchange Striction in the Ferromagnetic State

The crystal structure of the layered perovskite ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has been studied under hydrostatic pressure up to $\ensuremath{\sim}6\mathrm{kbar}$, in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states, with neutron powder diffraction. The compressibility of the Mn-O apical bonds in the double layer of ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{6}$ octahedra changes sign from the paramagnetic insulator (PI) to the ferromagnetic metal (FM) state; in the FM state the Mn-O-Mn linkage between ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{2}$ planes expands under applied pressure, whereas they contract in the PI state. This counterintuitive behavior is interpreted in terms of exchange striction, which reflects the competition between super and double exchange. An increase of the Mn moment with applied pressure in the FM state is consistent with a positive ${\mathrm{dT}}_{C}/dP$, as well as a cant angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{0}$ between the magnetizations of neighboring ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{2}$ sheets that decreases with pressure.
Contributions of cloned type I interferon receptor subunits to differential ligand binding

Abstract The human type I interferons, including at least 12 IFN-αs, IFN-β and IFN-ω, bind to a receptor (IFNAR) composed of at least two transmembrane subunits, IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2. The contributions of the receptor subunits to ligand binding were investigated by measuring the binding properties of IFNAR-1 or IFNAR-2 alone, or when co-expressed. The affinity of IFNAR-2 for IFN-α2 was increased by the co-expression of IFNAR-1, which itself binds ligand very weakly. Most type I IFNs inhibited the binding of IFN-α2 to IFNAR-2 alone with IC50 values of 2–20 nM. For cells co-expressing IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2, the IC50 values decreased 3–20-fold for various ligands, relative to their values on IFNAR-2 alone. Thus, while IFNAR-2 plays the major role in affinity determination and differential recognition of type I IFNs, IFNAR-1 modulates both the ligand affinity and selectivity of the IFNAR-1/IFNAR-2 receptor complex. © 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Studies on the mechanism of repression of arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: IV. Further studies on the role of arginine transfer RNA repression of the enzymes of arginine biosynthesis☆☆☆

Abstract Two column Chromatographic procedures have been utilized to purify and fractionate arginyl-transfer RNA: DEAE-Sephadex and reverse-phase column chromatography. Five iso-accepting species of tRNAArg were found and they recognize the six arginine codons. Similar elution profiles of arginyl-tRNA species were obtained when tRNA was extracted from the wild-type Escherichia coli K12 strain grown under conditions of repression and derepression. In a more sensitive system using an arginyl-tRNA synthetase mutant with a low level of in vivo tRNAArg charging, no effect of repression on the profiles of the charged arginyl-tRNA was found. These results indicate that significant variations in tRNAArg as a result of repression of the arginine biosynthetic enzymes are unlikely.
Aykroyd, Wallace Ruddell (1899–1979)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: Aykroyd, Wallace Ruddell (Newfoundland and India nutrition problems)
Immunoglobulins, proteinase inhibitors, albumin, and lysozyme in human cervical mucus: I. Communication: Hormonal profiles and cervical mucus changes—Methods and results

Abstract The serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol-17β, and progesterone were determined simultaneously with the concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, C′3, α 1 -antitrypsin, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor, α 1x -antichymotrypsin, albumin, and lysozmye in cervical mucus during nine ovulatory cycles. Spinnbarkeit and terning were also assessed, and the basal body temperature was measured and recorded during these cycles. The profiles were synchronized according to the LH peak. The midcycle period, characterized by the rapid increase and decline of estrogen and the beginning rise of progesterone, shows a pronounced minimum of immunoglobulins, C′3, proteinase inhibitors, albumin, and lysozyme in cervical mucus, which is known to be most receptive to sperm penetration at this time. Although the variation of cervical mucus values is considerable during the early proliferative and the luteal phases, the midcycle values appear to be constantly low, showing slight differences among the profiles of the different parameters. The statistical evaluation and the assessment of the significance of parameters for ovulation detection and the assessment of the fertile period as well as the correlation of these parameters with basal body temperature will be the subject of the second communication of this series.
A Psychometric Investigation of the Academic Motivation Scale Using a United States Sample.

The authors examine the factor structure of the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS; R. J. Vallerand, L. G. Pelletier, M. R. Blais, N. M. Briere, C. Senecal, & E. F. Vallieres, 1992) with a United State...
Genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) in ethnic populations in Texas; a report of a novel MTHFR polymorphic site, G1793A

The importance of hyperhomocysteinemia, birth defects, and vascular diseases has been the subject of intense investigations. The polymorphic MTHFR mutations (C677T and A1298C) cause mild hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in homozygotes for C677T, but also in compound heterozygotes for C677T/A1298C. The subject of this report is the frequency of the polymorphic mutations in the MTHFR gene C677T, C1298A, and newly discovered mutation G1793A, as well as the association with MTRR polymorphic site A66G in different ethnic groups. Four ethnic groups were studied: African-Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, and Ashkenazi Jews. There are statistically significant differences in the frequency of these alleles in the different populations studied, which impacts compound heterozygosity for such alleles in these populations. DNA samples obtained from the blood of healthy individuals of African-Americans, Hispanics, and Caucasians from south Texas were analyzed and compared to those obtained from Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. The polymorphic site, the G1793A allele, is least frequent among Ashkenazi individuals, 1.3%, compared to 6.9% among Caucasians (P = 0.001), 5.8% among Hispanics (P = 0.012), and 3.1% among African-Americans. The MTRR polymorphic site shows the lowest allele frequency among Hispanics, 28.6%, compared to 34% among African-Americans, 43.1% among Ashkenazi Jews (P = 0.002), and 54.4% among Caucasians (P < 0.0001). Statistically significant differences in allele frequencies of C677T and C1298A polymorphisms were also observed in these populations. Compound heterozygosity for multiple polymorphic alleles may play a role in birth defects and vascular diseases.
Light-dependent synaptic delay between photoreceptors and horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina

Abstract A long delay between the time to peak of the photoreceptor and horizontal cell light responses was observed in dark-adapted tiger salamander retinas. The rise of the HC light responses follows a biphasic time-course which is probably mediated by the removal of the rod and cone transmitters, but not by voltage-dependent mechanisms in the HC membrane. A bleaching white light shortens the signal delay and results in a faster and monophasic rise of the HC light responses mediated predominately by the cones.
Laterally Actuated Platinum-Coated Polysilicon NEM Relays

Laterally actuated polycrystalline silicon nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays with enhanced electrical properties are presented. Due to surface oxidation of polysilicon in room ambient conditions, the relays have a high contact resistance (> 1 GΩ) that requires high drain bias (3-5 V) to break through. The addition of a platinum sidewall coating reduces the on-resistance and the required drain bias to as low as 3 kΩ and 0.1 V, respectively. The platinum coating's stability is demonstrated by two tests: first, a contact-and-hold test where the relay passes current (~1μA) for up to 155 min and, second, a hot cycling test where the relay survives for over 108 cycles . The NEMS relays are simulated using finite-element analysis, and the models are verified against experimental tests. Furthermore, the relays are configured and tested as a 2 : 1 multiplexer to show their potential as a digital logic component.
From treatment to prevention: the interplay between HIV/AIDS treatment availability and HIV/AIDS prevention programming in Khayelitsha, South Africa.

There is a paucity of research that illustrates the interplay between HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs. We describe the central role that public access to antiretroviral (ARV) medication has played in the development and efficacy of HIV/AIDS prevention programming in Khayelitsha, a resource-poor township in the Western Cape of South Africa. We document the range of preventive interventions and services available in Khayelitsha since the early 1990s and explore the impact of ARV availability on prevention efforts and disease stigma on the basis of extensive indepth interviews, supplemented by data collection. The information gathered suggests that the introduction of the mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) prevention programs in 1999 and the three HIV treatment clinics run by Doctors Without Borders/ Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in 2000 were turning points in the region’s response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These programs have provided incentives for HIV testing, galvanized HIV/AIDS educators to reach populations most at risk, and decreased the HIV incidence rates in Khayeltisha compared to other areas in the Western Cape. Lessons learned in Khayelitsha about the value of treatment availability in facilitating prevention efforts can inform the development of comprehensive approaches to HIV/ AIDS in other resource-poor areas.
Titanium is not "the most biocompatible metal" under cathodic potential: The relationship between voltage and MC3T3 preosteoblast behavior on electrically polarized cpTi surfaces.

An electrochemically controlled system has been developed which allows for cell culture directly on electrically polarized metal surfaces with simultaneous control and assessment of the electrochemical current, potential, and impedance of the interface. This system was utilized in this study to assess the interactions between electrochemically polarized commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and MC3T3 preosteoblast cells. Cells were cultured on CpTi for 24 h at static potentials between –1000 mV and +1000 mV vs. Ag/AgCl and cell morphology (SEM and cell area) and viability (MTT and Live-Dead assay) were assessed along with the electrochemical current densities and surface oxide impedance properties. The results indicate that cathodic polarization in the range of –600 mV to –1000 mV markedly reduces the spreading and viability of cells cultured directly on cpTi within 24 h, while anodic polarization (–300 mV to +1000 mV) out to 72 h shows no difference in cell behavior as compared to the OCP condition. Analysis of the relationship between the cell outcomes and the electrochemical current densities and impedance indicated the presence of voltage-dependent electrochemical thresholds (cathodic current density, ic > 1.0 μA/cm2, Rp < 105 Ω cm2) which may control the biocompatibility of cpTi. In addition, these outcomes have direct clinical significance for modular orthopedic implants whose potential can shift, via fretting corrosion, down into the range of potentials exhibiting poor cell behavior. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
VIEWERS' PERCEPTIONS OF VELOCITY AND DISTANCE IN TELEVISED EVENTS

Subjects from third-grade, seventh-grade, and college-age levels who differed with respect to photographic skills and knowledge were asked to judge the comparative velocity and distance traveled by two trains on videotape. In each of four comparisons, the velocity and distance traveled by both trains were equal, but photographing the trains with lenses of different focal lengths produced apparent differences between the velocity and distance traveled by the trains. Both children and adults frequently interpreted the effect of lens focal length as actual differences between the two trains in velocity and distance traveled. Hands-on experience with the tools of visual media only slightly mitigated against this tendency. The implications of this study are that many viewers do not understand how television production techniques manipulate perceptual information, and may thus be misled by their use.
Removal of metal penile foreign body with a widely available emergency-medical-services-provided air-driven grinder

Penile incarceration with heavy metal objects can be a difficult problem, especially if the object cannot be removed by the standard equipment available in the hospital (eg, ring cutters, bolt cutters, motorized rotary tool). We report removal of heavy iron (barbell) and steel (sledgehammer head) items incarcerating the penis with a heavy-duty air grinder provided by the fire department. This is the first such report of which we are aware. Features of safe removal of these items are reviewed, including cooling the metal item with ice to prevent tissue heating, protecting the patient from sparks, and protecting the penis from the cutting blade.
Pancake ELT - a practical design for an extremely large telescope

In this paper we present optical designs for an entirely new approach to extremely large telescopes and telescopes with spherical primary mirrors. The key feature is a novel optical system referred to as the improved spherical aberration corrector (ISAC). This corrector works exceptionally well for post prime focus applications, as well as for Cassegrain and Couder/Schwarzschild-like optical systems with both spherical primary and spherical secondary mirrors. The Couder/Schwarzschild configuration also adapts to a pancake configuration where the telescope is physically shorter than its aperture.
Instantaneous etch rate measurement of thin transparent films by interferometry for use in an algorithm to control a plasma etcher

A goal of our Engineering Research Center for Plasma Aided Manufacturing is to develop a feedback system to control a plasma etcher. Our system etches 1 micron thermally grown SiO2 layers using gas mixtures of CFJCHF/Og. Thin-film interferometry is conventionally used to measure an average etch rate each interlerometric fringe signals a change in film depth of X/2n. Our method determines the instantaneous etch rate using data from the interlerometer. The instantaneous etch rate will be used as feedback in a scheme to control the etch process by regulating the power and gas flow into the etcher. Results will be presented showing interferometric traces and analysis of the data The status of the feedback effort will also be presented.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optical measurement of salt fingers

The optical distortion of a ruled vertical grating, when viewed through a layer of salt fingers, is described and discussed by a simple random walk model for a ray path. Intensity fluctuations are computed and the magnitude of the effect appears to be large enough to measure in the thin transition region separating the step-like structure of the main thermocline (Tait & Howe, 1968). DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1970.tb01938.x
Transforming growth factor-beta: activity and efficacy in animal models of wound healing

Of the myriad of growth factors examined for their ability to accelerate or improve tissue repair, none has as broad a spectrum of action as that of TGF-beta. In the 10 years since the first description of its ability to enhance wound healing, tremendous advances have been made in understanding the basis of its action in tissue repair. It is released from activated platelets and can both act on and be secreted by each of the diverse cell types which participate in the healing process. Actions of TGF-beta to stimulate chemotaxis, fibrogenesis, angiogenesis, and autoinduction of its expression are mediated by signalling through a unique set of serine-threonine kinase receptors which distinguish it mechanistically from other growth factors with activities in wound healing. Both topical and systemic administration of TGF-beta have been shown to improve healing in a variety of animal models of both normal and impaired healing at dermal as well as nondermal sites such as bone, intestine, the eye, or the mouth.
The role of mask coherence in motion-induced blindness.

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is the perceived disappearance of a salient target when surrounded by a moving mask. Much research has focused on the role of target characteristics on perceived disappearance by a coherently moving mask. However, we asked a different question: mainly, are there certain characteristics about the mask that can impact disappearance? To address this, we behaviorally tested whether MIB is enhanced or reduced by the property of common fate. In experiments 1, 2, and 3, we systematically manipulated the motion coherence of the mask and measured the amount of target disappearance. Results showed that, as mask coherence increased, perceived target disappearance decreased. This pattern was unaffected by the lifetime of the moving dots, the dot density of the motion stimulus, or the target eccentricity. In experiment 4, we investigated whether the number of motion directions contained in an incoherent mask could account for our findings. Using masks containing 1, 3, and 5 motion direct...
A Large Planum sphenoidale Meningioma with Sinonasal Extension in a Child

Anterior cranial base meningiomas are rare tumors in children. Due to the extensive involvement of orbit, paranasal sinuses, midface, and anterior skull base, a multidisciplinary approach is warranted
The surface and tribological chemistry of chlorine- and sulfur-containing lubricant additives

Abstract A model for the operation of chlorinated hydrocarbon extreme-pressure additives is outlined in which the chlorinated hydrocarbon thermally decomposes at the hot (~1000 K) interface forming a chloride+carbon film, which is simultaneously worn from the surface. Assuming that seizure occurs when the chloride film thickness decreases to zero reproduces the experimentally measured seizure load vs. additive concentration results. A similar model is found to apply to sulfur-containing additives. The thermal decomposition of model chlorinated hydrocarbons is investigated in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) using constant-flux molecular beams and reveals that these react with similar activation energies as at higher pressures, forming films of identical compositions to those found tribologically. This allows the surface reaction chemistry of model extreme-pressure additives and the tribological properties of the films to be investigated separately in UHV. In this vein, measurements of the tribological properties of thin KCl films grown on iron in UHV show that the friction coefficient drops from a clean-surface value of ~1.9 to ~0.27 after completion of the first monolayer.
Insertion of Carbodiimides and Organic Azides into Actinide−Carbon Bonds

Manipulation of steric crowding in organoactinide complexes has been explored by examining the insertion chemistry of carbodiimides, RN═C═NR, and organic azides, RN3, with actinide alkyl, alkynyl, ...
Managing Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the U.S. continues to increase, and now over 10% of the U.S. population has some form of CKD. Although some patients with CKD will ultimately develop renal failure, most patients with CKD will die of cardiovascular disease before dialysis becomes necessary. Patients with CKD have major proatherogenic lipid abnormalities that are treatable with readily available therapies. The severe derangements seen in lipoprotein metabolism in patients with CKD typically results in high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Because of the prevalence of triglyceride disorders in patients with CKD, after treating patients to a low-density lipoprotein goal, non-HDL should be calculated and used as the secondary goal of treatment. A review of the evidence from subgroup analysis of several landmark lipid-lowering trials supports treating dyslipidemia in mild to moderate CKD patients with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The evidence to support treating dyslipidemia in hemodialysis patients, however, has been mixed, with several outcome trials pending. Patients with CKD frequently have mixed dyslipidemia and often require treatment with multiple lipid-lowering drugs. Although statins are the cornerstone of therapy for most patients with CKD, differences in their pharmacokinetic properties give some statins a safety advantage in patients with advanced CKD. Although most other lipid-lowering agents can be used safely with statins in combination therapy in patients with CKD, the fibrates are renally metabolized and require both adjustments in dose and very careful monitoring due to the increased risk of rhabdomyolysis. After reviewing the safety and dose alterations required in managing dyslipidemia in patients with CKD, a practical treatment algorithm is proposed.
Propagation of plane waves in a pre‐stressed elastic medium

A homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium having initial axial stresses in two orthogonal directions is considered. The dynamic equations for superimposed small deformations are stated. The propagation of plane waves in such a medium is discussed. It is shown that pure longitudinal and shear waves can propagate only in certain specific directions which are defined. The present analysis corrects a fundamental error in a recent paper in this Journal [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 255–263 (1982)].
Quantitative analysis of microbial contamination in private drinking water supply systems

Over one million households rely on private water supplies (e.g. well, spring, cistern) in the Commonwealth of Virginia, USA. The present study tested 538 private wells and springs in 20 Virginia counties for total coliforms (TCs) and Escherichia coli along with a suite of chemical contaminants. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate potential correlations between TC contamination and chemical parameters (e.g. NO3−, turbidity), as well as homeowner-provided survey data describing system characteristics and perceived water quality. Of the 538 samples collected, 41% ( n = 221) were positive for TCs and 10% ( n = 53) for E. coli . Chemical parameters were not statistically predictive of microbial contamination. Well depth, water treatment, and farm location proximate to the water supply were factors in a regression model that predicted presence/absence of TCs with 74% accuracy. Microbial and chemical source tracking techniques ( Bacteroides gene Bac32F and HF183 detection via polymerase chain reaction and optical brightener detection via fluorometry) identified four samples as likely contaminated with human wastewater.
Diagnosis and Management of HIV-Associated Neuropathy

Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common neurologic complication of HIV infection and a major cause of morbidity in HIV-infected patients. DSP may occur secondary to HIV (HIV-DSP) or be due to antiretroviral drug toxicity. Timely detection of the symptoms and signs of DSP in patients who have HIV may allow for the reversal of the toxic effects of antiretrovirals and for the initiation of symptomatic treatment. The pathogenic mechanism of HIV-DSP is likely multifactorial. Restorative therapies for DSP are not currently available but recent advances have led to novel symptomatic therapies. This article highlights the risk factors, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical features, diagnostic studies, differential diagnosis, and treatment of HIV-associated neuropathy.
Clinical evaluation of a prototype motion artifact resistant pulse oximeter in the recovery room

The frequency and nature of spurious pulse oximetry readings were compared using both a conventional pulse oximeter (CPO) and a prototype Masimo signal extraction technology pulse oximeter (Masimo SET). At a university hospital, 50 ASA physical status I-IV adult patients who underwent general or spinal-epidural anesthesia were selected from a group of 250 patients on the basis of high-alarm generation with routine postoperative pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry data were recorded simultaneously from both devices with a computer. Overall, the CPO alarm frequency (i.e., oxygen saturation < 90%, or complete signal loss) was once every 13 min, and 87% of these alarms were considered false. Alarms were considered false based on reference electrocardiographs (16 patients), arterial blood gases (7 patients), and clinical assessment. The prototype Masimo SET device alarm frequency was once every 30 min, and 59% of these were considered false. During arm motion with 15 patients, the CPO device produced spurious signals on 54 occasions compared with five for the prototype Masimo SET. The incidence of artifactual pulse oximetry events during patient motion appear to be substantially reduced with the prototype Masimo SET device, relative to a CPO device.
Effective masses of holes at GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunctions.

The spin-split hole subband structure is calculated. From it, cyclotron masses as a function of magnetic field are extracted. Agreement with experiment is not good. We argue that many-body effects are important.
Acne vulgaris and rosacea: evaluation and management

Acne vulgaris, commonly termed acne, is an extremely common disease. It can be found in nearly all teenagers to some degree as well as in women in their 30s. Regardless of severity, acne often has a greater psychologic effect than cutaneous effect. Indeed, most patients overestimate the severity of their disease, while most physicians underestimate its impact on their patients. Studies have shown that people with severe acne as teens are less employable as adults and that self-esteem is low. When combined with other adolescent tensions, acne can be a difficult disease to treat. Rosacea, which usually starts in the late 20s, may affect the eyes as well as the skin. This article describes the pathogenesis of acne and rosacea and treatment approaches the primary care physician can use.
Epidermis promotion of collagenase in hypertrophic scar organ culture.

Abstract The pathophysiological biology of human hypertrophic scar was examined in a long-term organ culture system. Fresh full-thickness, thin slices of scar were placed in petri dishes. Tissue was successfully maintained for 2 weeks in an environment made up of CMRL-1066 medium, fetal bovine serum, insulin, and hydrocortisone under an environment of 40% O 2 , 5% CO 2 , and 55% N 2 at 37°C on a rocking platform. Histologically the explants were viable and remained differentiated. The omission of hydrocortisone caused localized destruction of the connective tissue matrix under the epidermal layer. Transplanting the epidermis to the adipose surface of an explant before culturing in hydrocortisone-free medium, produced localized connective tissue matrix destruction only within the deep dermal layer. Removal of the epidermis before culturing in hydrocortisone-free medium produced no localized connective tissue matrix destruction. Culture medium from intact explants maintained in hydrocortisone-free media had higher levels of latent collagenase activity compared to epidermal free explants and intact explants in hydrocortisone-containing medium. This hypertrophic scar latent collagenase had a molecular weight estimated to be 33,000 by molecular-sieve chromatography. The active form of the enzyme had a molecular weight estimated to be 26,000. When examined by gel electrophoresis, activated collagenase cleaved types I and III native collagens, producing TC-A peptide fragments of alpha chains. Type V collagen was not cleaved by this enzyme. Metal chelators such as 1,10-phenanthroline blocked enzymatic activity. Serine and sulfhydral proteolytic inhibitors showed no effects. Intact hypertrophic scar has the capacity to produce collagenase which appears responsible for the destruction of the connective tissue matrix of the scar. The production of hypertrophic scar collagenase is somehow controlled by the epidermis.
Influence of inulin/oligofructose on the acid-induced cold aggregation and gelation of preheated soy proteins

BACKGROUND: In recent years inulin-type prebiotics have attracted much attention due to consumers' awareness of the health benefits of functional foods. Currently no information is available about the possible texture-modifying effect of these non-ionizable polar carbohydrates in different soy-based food systems. In this study, the effect of inulin/oligofructose on the cold aggregation and gelation of preheated soy protein isolate (SPI) and its fractions (7S, 11S, and their mixture), induced by glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), were evaluated by turbidity (A600) and dynamic rheological measurements. RESULTS: Oligofructose significantly delayed the aggregation of all protein samples and decreased the end-point optical density of 11S fraction and SPI. Inulin, a long-chain fructan, only delayed the aggregation of 7S globulin and reduced the capacity of aggregation (A600) of SPI. While oligofructose showed no significant effect, the addition of 5% (w/v) inulin enhanced the gelation of SPI and the 7S/11S mixture, which was demonstrated by the increase in gel storage modulus up to 13.6% and 10.1% (P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Inulin was found to enhance the viscoelastic properties of GDL-induced cold-set soy protein gels. It is expected that ‘functional’ cold-set gel products with improved texture can be prepared from preheated soy proteins and inulin. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Extended quintessence and the primordial helium abundance

In extended quintessence models, a scalar field which couples to the curvature scalar R provides most of the energy density of the universe. We point out that such models can also lead naturally to a decrease in the primordial abundance of helium-4, relieving the tension which currently exists between the primordial helium-4 abundance inferred from observations and the amount predicted by standard big bang nucleosynthesis corresponding to the observed deuterium abundance. Using negative power-law potentials for the quintessence field, we determine the range of model parameters which can lead to an interesting reduction in the helium-4 abundance, and we show that it overlaps with the region allowed by other constraints on extended quintessence models.
A new algorithm for dynamic simulation

Abstract Chemical engineering systems such as separation columns and reactors are described by mixed differential (e.g., mass and energy balances) and algebraic (e.g., thermodynamic relationships) equations. Existing solution methods solve such equations by sequentially satisfying first the differential equations and then the algebraic equations. Such methods have been shown to lack robustness when solving large complex problems like the dynamics of crude units. This paper describes a Newton-like Runge Kutta algorithm for simultaneous solution of mixed differential-algebraic equations such that original form of the algebraic constraints are well satisfied. The proposed algorithm is applied to a single stage flash unit for distillation. Simulation experiments demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the algorithm.
X-ray crystallographic evidence for the meteoritic occurrence of nepheline

Nepheline has been identified by X-ray powder patterns obtained from several unequilibrated chondrites. It commonly occurs in chondrules as optically unresolvable crystals in lavender-colored glass interstitial to bands of olivine. The presence of nepheline indicates that some chondrules are undersaturated in silica, relative to albite and olivine, a condition which probably does not persist in the more equilibrated chondrites.
Signals for parent-offspring recognition: a comparative analysis of the begging calls of cliff swallows and barn swallows

Abstract Abstract. The individual distinctiveness or information capacity of the chick begging call of the cliff swallow, Hirundo pyrrhonota , and the barn swallow, H. rustica , were compared. The present study examines one hypothesis concerning possible adaptations for parent-offspring recognition in cliff swallows: that the chick call has been elaborated to increase the individual distinctiveness of chick calls. This 'signature' adaptation hypothesis was tested by comparing the information capacity of cliff swallow and barn swallow chick call systems. The analysis revealed that the cliff swallow call contains approximately four bits more information than the barn swallow call. An additional analysis indicated that the information capacity of the cliff swallow call was underestimated more than that of the barn swallow call, so that the approximate four-bit difference is probably a conservative estimate of the true difference. A simple model was developed to illustrate what a four-bit (16×) difference should mean in terms of level of parental recognition permitted by call information; the key parameter is the size of the group (e.g. creche) in which recognition must occur. The model indicates that equal recognition for the two species (e.g. 90% correct discrimination) should occur when the cliff swallow group size is 16 times larger than the barn swallow group size.
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas: Institutional experience of 18 patients

Abstract Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare, low-grade glioma (World Health Organization Grade II) that most often presents in the first two decades of life. We summarize and present our institutional experience in the management of these tumors. All patients managed for PXA at the University of California San Francisco were retrospectively identified through chart review. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, management, and follow-up were extracted using medical records. Primary endpoints were overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In total, nineteen patients were treated for PXA from 1993–2011. Clinical data were available for analysis in 18 patients. Median OS was 209.0 months after date of surgery, with both 5 year and 10 year survival rates of 94%. In this patient cohort, tumor grade ( p = 0.07), age ( p = 0.32), and extent of resection ( p = 0.58) did not predict OS. The majority of tumors (78%) recurred. Median PFS was 21.7 months, with 5 year and 10 year recurrence-free rates of 28% and 22%. On univariate analysis, tumor grade ( p = 0.01), but not age ( p = 0.51), size ( p = 0.30), or extent of resection ( p = 0.21), was the only covariate predictive of PFS. In patients presenting with higher tumor grade, however, earlier recurrence was demonstrated. Furthermore, the majority of recurrences (36%) occurred within the first 6 months post-operatively, which indicates the need to closely follow patients for that time.
Note on the Quantum Theory of the Unmodified Line in the Compton Effect

Disappearance of the unmodified line.---According to the theory developed in two previous papers (Phys. Rev. 25, 314 and 723) it is shown that the unmodified line should disappear at a scattering angle $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ given by vers $\ensuremath{\varphi}=(3+2\ensuremath{\surd}2)(\frac{{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}}^{2}}{{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{s}})(\frac{\mathrm{mc}}{h})$ where ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}$ is the wave-length of the primary x-rays and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{s}$ the K critical absorption wave-length of the scattering substance. This formula shows that there is an unmodified line for all values of $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ when Mo $\mathrm{K}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ rays are scattered by carbon and heavier elements, but when scattered by boron and lithium this line should disappear at 147\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} respectively. Ratio of the energies in the modified and unmodified lines.---The theory of the previous papers gives the ratio of the number of electrons in orbital positions $U$ such as to scatter unmodified rays in a direction $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ to the number of electrons in orbital positions $M$ such as to scatter modified rays. A formula for the ratio of the probability of an electron scattering when in the $U$ position to that when in the $M$ position is given together with a simpler method for calculating the number of electrons in the $M$ position to the number in the $U$ and $M$ positions for elliptic orbits.
Competition between magnetic and Fermi liquid phases in the copper oxides

Abstract We study the competition between the (hybridized) Fermi-liquid phase and magnetic order using the Cu Cu spin interaction J H derived in the previous paper. The insulating state arises through magnetically driven localization. Within the Fermi-liquid phase spin-spin interactions are predominantly RKKY in nature and may have either sign. While the spin-liquid phase is not discussed, the fact that J H is negative for a range of concentrations will have implications for this phase.
Aggression, intrapsychic distress, and drug use: antecedent and intervening processes

ABSTRACT Objective To explore the interrelation of childhood aggression, early and late adolescent intrapsychic distress, unconventionality, and drug use. Method Data were obtained from the subjects when they were 5 to 10 years old. Follow up interviews were conducted when the subjects were between 13 and 18 years old and again when they were 15 to 20 years old. Results A LISREL analysis indicated that childhood aggression was related to later intrapsychic distress, unconventionality, and drug use. There were significant pathways from childhood aggression to drug use at 15 to 20 years of age, with mediation through intrapsychic distress and unconventionality, and during adolescence there was a pathway from intrapsychic distress to unconventionality, leading to legal and subsequently illegal drug use. There was also considerable stability in intrapsychic distress, unconventionality, and drug use. Conclusions Intrapsychic distress and unconventionality are important mediators of childhood aggression and adult drug use. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1995, 34, 8:1076–1084.