cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Velocity-encoded Cine MR Imaging in Aortic Coarctation: Functional Assessment of Hemodynamic Events

Velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is becoming the modality of choice for the clinical evaluation of aortic coarctation, a congenital narrowing of the thoracic aorta, in which a functional assessment of hemodynamic obstruction is as important as anatomic delineation. A flow-sensitive phase-contrast technique, velocity-encoded cine MR imaging is based on the principle that moving protons change phase in proportion to their velocity. Because it enables precise hemodynamic characterization, the technique is especially useful for evaluating the severity of aortic coarctation. By enabling a qualitative assessment of the presence and direction of collateral circulation, velocity-encoded cine MR imaging provides information about the presence and severity of obstruction. It also allows accurate quantitation of key hemodynamic parameters such as flow velocity, flow volume, and pressure gradients across the coarctation-functional information that is clinically useful for both preoperative planning and postinterventional monitoring. The results of recent experience indicate that velocity-encoded cine MR imaging also may be applicable for the detection of recurrent stenosis after stent placement or angioplasty.
Digital approach to planning computer-guided surgery and immediate provisionalization in a partially edentulous patient

This report describes a digital approach for computer-guided surgery and immediate provisionalization in a partially edentulous patient. With diagnostic data obtained from cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral digital diagnostic scans, a digital pathway of virtual diagnostic waxing, a virtual prosthetically driven surgical plan, a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) surgical template, and implant-supported screw-retained interim restorations were realized with various open-architecture CAD/CAM systems. The optional CAD/CAM diagnostic casts with planned implant placement were also additively manufactured to facilitate preoperative inspection of the surgical template and customization of the CAD/CAM-fabricated interim restorations.
Variation in Public Opinion on the Future of Employment-Based Health Benefits: Findings From the 2011 Health Confidence Survey

This paper examines current public opinion surrounding the future of employment-based health coverage and how it varies by demographics, health status, and selected questions on satisfaction with health care and ratings of the health care system in the United States. The public is in large part confident that employers and unions will continue to offer health coverage following enactment of the federal health reform law. In 2011, 57 percent of individuals with employment-based coverage were extremely or very confident that their employer or union would continue to offer health coverage. However, they are not confident that they could afford to purchase coverage on their own even if they were given the money by plan sponsors. In 2011, 20 percent were extremely or very confident that they could afford to purchase coverage. When it comes to picking a health plan, the majority of the population is very or somewhat confident in their ability to compare different plan options and choose the best plan, while nearly 1 in 5 are extremely confident or not confident that they could compare different plans and choose the best plan. Individuals who are most confident in the future availability of employment-based health benefits and in their ability to afford and choose the best plan are those who are more educated, have higher income, are more satisfied with their health coverage, and rate the U.S. health care system higher. Despite the low confidence levels that they could afford to purchase coverage, very few individuals reported that they are not likely to purchase coverage if employers and unions stopped offering it. The data come from the EBRI/MGA 2011 Health Confidence Survey (HCS), which examines a broad spectrum of health care issues, including Americans’ satisfaction with health care today, their confidence in the future of the health care system and the Medicare program, and their attitudes toward health care reform. The PDF for the above title, published in the December 2011 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another December 2011 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: “Retirement Age Expectations of Older Americans Between 2006 and 2010.”
A Temperature-Sensitive Mutant of the Large Milkweed Bug: Loss of the Compound Eye during Growth at Low Temperature

A highly inbred strain of Oncopeltus , combining some previously known mutant traits, has normal eyes when grown at 29°C, but loses the compound eyes during nymphal growth at 20°C. The ocelli are not affected and the eye of the first instar appears normal.
Temperature dependence of hyperfine density shifts. III. 23 Na, 39 K, and 85 Rb in He, Ne, Ar, and N 2

The method of high-temperature optical pumping has been used to measure the temperature dependence of the fractional hyperfine density shifts of $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$, $^{39}\mathrm{K}$, and $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ in He, Ne, Ar, and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ buffer gases over the temperature range 25-850\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The first definite nonlinear temperature dependence has been found. All three alkali metals showed definite maxima in Ne, as did K and Rb in ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and Na in Ar. In addition, Na in Ar has a zero density shift at 625 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Cubic and quartic polynomial fits of the density shifts versus $\frac{1}{\mathrm{kT}}$ have been calculated for each alkali metal and gas.
Prediction of electrocatalytic activity of some nitrogen-doped polyaromatic hydrocarbons by molecular modelling

AbstractDensity function theory calculations of minimum energy structure of an oxygen molecule and oxygen atom bonded to the two dimensional molecules, C23NH12, coronene and C21NH14, pentacene doped with nitrogen, indicate the structures are at a minimum on the potential energy surface having no imaginary frequencies. Calculation of the bond dissociation energy (BDE) to remove an oxygen atom from nitrogen-doped pentacene to which is bonded O2, (C21NH14O2) shows it is less than that to dissociate O2. However, this is not the case for nitrogen-doped coronene. This suggests that nitrogen-doped pentacene could be an effective catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells assuming it is O2 dissociation. It is also shown that O2H can bond to nitrogen-doped coronene and pentacene and that the BDE to remove OH is less than that to remove OH from O2H indicating that N-doped coronene and pentacene could also catalyse this reaction. The calculated adsorption energy for O2 and O2H on these molecules is neg...
Gene Polymorphism of Human Leukoctey Antigen-DQB1 in Han Children with Graves Disease in Tianjin Region

Objective To determine the human leukoctey antigen(HLA)-DQB1 genes of ethnic Han children suffering from Graves disease(GD) in Tianjin,and to detect the difference in HLA-DQB1 genes between genetic GD and emanatory GD.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer treatment was adopted to detect HLA-DQB1 genes of 40 ethnic Han children with GD and 50 children without GD.The allele frequency of each group was calculated and compared.The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software.Results 1.GD group had a higher HLA-DQB1*0303 genetic frequency than that in the non-GD group(χ2=9.097,P=0.003),and there was a significant difference after correction.2.Genetic GD had a higher HLA-DQB1*0303 genetic frequency than emanatory GD(χ2=9.724,P=0.002).3.Difference was not found in DQB1*02,DQB1*0302 allelic gene frequencies(P=0.953,0.414,0.902).Conclusion Children with DQB1*0303 gene are prone to GD,and children who have a family history of GD with DQB1*0301 are also prone to GD.
Studies in Pancreatic Function: II. A Statistical Study of Pancreatic Secretion Following Secretin in Patients Without Pancreatic Disease

Summary Norms have been established for the volume, bicarbonate, and amylase responses to a standardized commercially available preparation of secretin. A study of the data has yielded evidence for the use of an 80-minute collection period and for the inclusion of enzyme determinations in the clinical application of the procedure. Body weight adjustment of the values for total volume of secretion and total quantity of amylase results in a marked decrease in the scatter of the data, and therefore, narrowing of the range of normalcy. For this reason, volume and enzyme data should be reduced to a per kilogram basis.
The Coastal Foredune: A Morphological Basis for Regional Coastal Dune Development

Coastal dunes are ubiquitous elements of the dune-beach system that exist along the shores of many water bodies in the world where waves and currents interact with available sediment and local vegetation to create combinations of form and habitat at the water-land interface. They occur in a variety of dimensions from minor hummocks of 0.5 m to huge ridges measuring more than 100 m in elevation; from a single, shore-parallel, linear ridge with a width of a few tens of meters to a complex of dune forms that extend inland tens of kilometers. From a geomorphological perspective, the commonality associated with this myriad of forms and situations is the amassing of sand to create a depositional landform proximal to the shoreline. The fundamental concept in coastal geomorphology is that processes of wind, waves, and currents act upon the sediments to produce a set of landforms that are causally related. This relationship is described as a processresponse model and it is the conceptual foundation for all geomorphological inquiry. In coastal areas of adequate sediment supply, the coastal processresponse model is the beach profile: the accumulation of sand that extends from the offshore bar, through the dry beach, and into the adjacent coastal foredune where vegetation stabilization is a further active element of the morphological process (Fig. 2.1). This dune-beach profile is the basic sand-sharing system whose components respond to variations in energy level and to mobilization of sand from one portion to another. Each component episodically stores and releases sand in an exchange of sediment, a classic closed system. The coastal foredune is the uppermost and inlandmost component of the sand-sharing system. It has accumulated sand in association with a range of pioneer vegetation types to create a positive landform perched above the dry sand beach. It is the most conservative portion of the profile, undergoing
Evaluating Cheese-like Emulsions from Animal Blood Proteins and Whey Solids1

Animal blood globin powder and blood plasma concentrate prepared from cattle blood, were incorporated, along with modified whey solids, hydrolyzed cereal solids, butter, cellulose gum and water into heat processed cheese-like emulsions. Globin protein in the emulsion ranged from 12.2 to 16.4% while the plasma protein range was from 1.8 to 6.2%. The ingredients were blended while the pH was being raised to pH 6.8 and the mixtures were processed at 116 C for 15 min. Texture profile parameters of hardness, springiness and cohesiveness were evaluated. Increased globin protein concentration decreased springiness and cohesiveness. Hardness apparently was maximal at an approximate globin/plasma protein ratio of 5:1.
Myocardial Contractile Dysfunction Is Present without Histopathology in a Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy-2F and Is Prevented after Claudin-5 Virotherapy.

Abstract Mutations in several members of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex lead to skeletal and cardiomyopathies. Cardiac care for these muscular dystrophies consists of management of symptoms with standard heart medications after detection of reduced whole heart function. Recent evidence from both Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and animal models suggests that myocardial dysfunction is present before myocardial damage or deficiencies in whole heart function, and that treatment prior to heart failure symptoms may be beneficial. To determine whether this same early myocardial dysfunction is present in other muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathies, we conducted a physiological assessment of cardiac function at the tissue level in the δ-sarcoglycan null mouse model (Sgcd-/-) of Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2F. Baseline cardiac contractile force measurements using ex vivo intact linear muscle preparations, were severely depressed in these mice without the presence of histopathology. Virotherapy with claudin-5 prevents the onset of cardiomyopathy in another muscular dystrophy model. After virotherapy with claudin-5, the cardiac contractile force deficits in Sgcd-/- mice are no longer significant. These studies suggest that screening Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy patients using methods that detect earlier functional changes may provide a longer therapeutic window for cardiac care.
Sleep in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a pilot study.

Abstract Objective Sleep disturbances are thought to be frequent in women undergoing IVF despite minimal research of this hypothesis. Our goal was to longitudinally assess sleep duration and disturbances in women undergoing IVF and assess impact of habitual sleep duration on oocytes retrieved, an important outcome in IVF. Methods Actigraphy and questionnaire batteries containing sleep and psychometric instruments were performed prior to and throughout 24 IVF cycles. Results TST 10 was noted in 24%, 33%, and 36% of cycles during baseline, stimulation, and post-embryo transfer. PSQI >5 was noted in 57%, 43%, and 29% of cycles during baseline, stimulation, and post-embryo transfer. TST (F = 2.95, p = 0.04) and ESS (F = 4.36, p = 0.02) were the only sleep metrics in which a significant main effect of time was found by mixed models analysis. The final linear regression model chosen by stepwise selection to best explain the variability in oocytes retrieved included anti-mullerian hormone, day three follicle stimulating hormone, and baseline TST and explained 40% of the variance in oocytes retrieved (adjusted R 2 = 0.40, p = 0.03). Although not statistically significant, a trend towards a linear association between baseline TST and oocytes retrieved was seen with an increase of oocytes retrieved by 1.5 for every hour increase in TST (p = 0.09). Conclusions This is the first study to describe, with subjective and objective measures, sleep disturbances present throughout the IVF cycle. Importantly, a trend towards a linear relationship between TST and oocytes retrieved was found in this pilot study. Sleep may be a modifiable target to improve outcomes in women undergoing IVF and further investigations are needed.
Intimate partner violence is linked to less HIV testing uptake among high-risk, HIV-negative women in Atlanta.

ABSTRACTIncreased risk of HIV acquisition among intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors underscores the need for regular HIV testing, but IPV-associated shame, stigma, and control may hinder uptake. Between March and November 2014, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 79 HIV-negative, high-risk women aged 18–50 in Atlanta, Georgia, to explore whether IPV experience was associated with less uptake of HIV testing, and fewer motivations and more reported barriers to HIV testing uptake. Psychological and physical and/or sexual abuse was significantly associated with less past-year HIV testing (p = .022 and p = .030, respectively), longer time since last HIV test (r = 0.282, p = .012, and r = 0.282, p = .012, respectively), and more reported barriers to HIV testing (r = 0.406, p = .004, and r = 0.389, p = .006). While requiring further validation, these preliminary findings suggest IPV survivors need additional support to access HIV testing services.
Celebrating the Arts With The Noisy Paint Box

Children’s literature offers many benefits to children, which include developing imagination, building knowledge, enhancing vocabulary, and offering pleasure. As it promotes these areas of developm...
Green Chemistry Principles Vis-a-Vis Healthy Practices for College Chemistry Laboratories

Social and economic behaviour of the ever increasing human population has become a major hurdle in accomplishing the goals of UNEP. Government of India has framed key policies for adoption in the management of environment and natural resources. Supreme court of India, on its part, has made environmental education mandatory from KG to PG fostering sensitisation on environmental issues and motivation towards cleaner environmental goals in Gen.nxt. Green chemistry forms an integral part of UGC model curriculum for undergraduate colleges offering chemistry. Chemistry education involves theoretical as well as experiential learning. Students pursuing chemistry at UG level are expected to understand theoretical concepts in the class room and apply the same in the laboratory experimentation. Experimentation sometimes involves use and generation of hazardous chemicals. The 12 green chemistry principles propounded by Anastas & Warmer in 1998 are taught with suitable illustrations in the theory classes but seldom practised in college laboratories. Whereas Green Chemistry principles are of recent origin, laboratory procedures adopted for experimentation are age old. The Greener experimental procedures developed by the DST task force committee are still in oblivion. We preach but we do not practice. This paper aims to indentify and highlight adoptable economic, ergonomic and ecofriendly laboratory practices which are in compliance with the 12 green chemistry principles, fostering heightened efficacy in teaching and practicing green chemistry for accomplishing greener environmental goals.
Closing Perforations and Postperforation Management in Endoscopy Duodenal, Biliary, and Colorectal

Early recognition of adverse events arising from endoscopy is essential. In some cases the injury can be viewed clearly during the procedure, and immediate action should be taken to repair the defect endoscopically if feasible. If perforation is unclear, imaging can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Surgical intervention is not always necessary; however, a surgical consultation for backup is essential. Selective cases can be managed conservatively or endoscopically with successful outcomes. Early recognition and intervention, input from specialist colleagues, and communication with the patient and family are keys to successfully managing the event.
On the convergence of the time reversal method for thermoacoustic tomography in elastic media

Abstract In this article, we consider the inverse source problem arising in thermo/photo-acoustic tomography in elastic media. We show that the time reversal method, proposed by Tittelfitz (2012), converges with the sharp observation time without any constraint on the speeds of the longitudinal and shear waves.
Self-Interest: An Intellectual History

This chapter presents an intellectual history of the concept of self-interest. It surveys the opinions of the Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, and the subsequent thought of the Epicureans and the Stoics. In addition, it examines the opinions of the Church Fathers, the philosophers of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, and the classical and neoclassical economists, with a special emphasis on Adam Smith’s concept of the impartial spectator.
Multi-year high-frequency hydrothermal monitoring of selected high-threat Cascade Range volcanoes

Abstract From 2009 to 2015 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) systematically monitored hydrothermal behavior at selected Cascade Range volcanoes in order to define baseline hydrothermal and geochemical conditions. Gas and water data were collected regularly at 25 sites on 10 of the highest-risk volcanoes in the Cascade Range. These sites include near-summit fumarole groups and springs/streams that show clear evidence of magmatic influence (high 3He/4He ratios and/or large fluxes of magmatic CO2 or heat). Site records consist mainly of hourly temperature and hydrothermal-flux data. Having established baseline conditions during a multiyear quiescent period, the USGS reduced monitoring frequency from 2015 to present. The archived monitoring data are housed at (doi:10.5066/F72N5088). These data (1) are suitable for retrospective comparison with other continuous geophysical monitoring data and (2) will provide context during future episodes of volcanic unrest, such that unrest-related variations at these thoroughly characterized sites will be more clearly recognizable. Relatively high-frequency year-round data are essential to achieve these objectives, because many of the time series reveal significant diurnal, seasonal, and inter-annual variability that would tend to mask unrest signals in the absence of baseline data. Here we characterize normal variability for each site, suggest strategies to detect future volcanic unrest, and explore deviations from background associated with recent unrest.
MusiqGlobe.fm using MEAN stack

With the tremendous growth of the Internet during the recent times, the demand for the faster web application development have been a challenge for application programmers. With the emergence of cloud computing the challenge for managing resources have become very flexible as most of companies offer cloud platform to store and manipulate the data for many internet-based companies. In this paper we show how to design and develop interactive online music streaming application called “MusicGlobe.fm” using an innovative technology called MEAN stack. The proposed online music radio web app allows users to listen to their favorite music and create their own station or playlist of songs. There are also many other features that user can get benefit of such as list of most popular songs, top billboard hits, old songs collection and so on. The application supports both audio and video files. Other users can chat with the current room users and request the room owner to change the track through chat window or pause the song at any point of time.
Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere

Gravity waves in the southern hemisphere exhibit many of the same characteristics as those in the northern hemisphere in terms of their scales, amplitude growth with height, and influences on the lower and middle atmosphere. Yet there are likely to be significant differences in the wave spectra and their effects as well, due to differing source distributions and strengths in the two hemispheres. Presented here will be a brief review of our current understanding of gravity wave saturation processes and effects, and of the evidence for and likely sources of wave variability, in both hemispheres. We will then examine some of the evidence for hemispheric differences in gravity wave sources, energies, drag, and induced diffusion.
Self-Efficacy and Recovery from Heart Attack

Coronary heart disease continues to be the leading health threat to citizens of developed nations; in the United States alone, diseases of the heart and vasculature cause over a half-million premature deaths annually while contributing to nearly as many cases of preventable disability (Gunby, 1992). One’s chances of surviving a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction, AMI) have increased in recent years due to important innovations in emergency and postcoronary care. Yet survivors still face disabling difficulties that most health care providers are ill-prepared to detect and poorly equipped to treat (Ben-Sira & Eliezer, 1990; Fontana, Kerns, Rosenberg, & Colonese, 1989).
Generators of the Movement-Related Cortical Potentials and Dipole Source Analysis

The precise location and timing of cortical activation in voluntary movements have been major issues in motor control physiology. For example, during movement preparation, whether the supplementary motor area (SMA) is activated in a sequential (Deecke and Kornhuber, 1978; Orgogozo and Lasen, 1979; Deecke, 1987; Deecke and Lang, 1996; Deecke et al., 1999) or parallel (Hyland et al., 1989; Ikeda et al., 1992) manner has been intensively debated with regard to the primary motor area (M1). During movement execution, contribution of the gyrus and sulcus part of motor cortex has also been an important issue (Strick and Preston, 1982a, Strick and Preston, 1982b; Kawashima et al., 1995; Geyer et al., 1996). Intracranial recordings with subdural (Neshige et al., 1988; Ikeda et al., 1992) as well as depth (Rektor et al., 1994) electrodes are useful approaches to gain information about the precise cortical regions and time course of the activation. However, these techniques invasively record pathological brains, and the limitations of electrode placement over distributed cortical regions prevent simultaneous collection of data from various brain areas. In addition, subdural recording from an electrode placed over the gyrus provides little information about activity from the sulcus. Recent development and improvement of electromagnetic or neuroimaging measurements enable us to investigate human brain function noninvasively. At the present time, however, no non-invasive methodology with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution has been developed. Electromagnetic measurements such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) provide information about cortical activation with millisecond resolution, but with limited spatial localization. By contrast, neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) (Hersovitch, 1994) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Friston et al., 1995; et al., 1998) yield good spatial information with millimeter resolution, although they are devoid of good timing information.
Lack-of-Fit Tests Based on Linear Smoothers

We are now in a position to begin our study of lack-of fit tests based on smoothing methodology.
Syntactic characterizations of belief change operators

We provide syntactic characterizations for a number of propositional model-based belief revision and update operators proposed in the literature, as well as algorithms based on these characterizations.
Knowledge, attitudes, and planned practice of HIV-positive to HIV-positive transplantation in US transplant centers.

BACKGROUND HIV+ donor organs can now be transplanted into HIV+ recipients (HIV D+/R+) following the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act. Implementation of the HOPE Act requires transplant center awareness and support of HIV D+/R+ transplants. METHODS To assess center-level barriers to implementation, we surveyed 209 transplant centers on knowledge, attitudes, and planned HIV D+/R+ protocols. RESULTS Responding centers (n = 114; 56%) represented all UNOS regions. Fifty centers (93 organ programs) planned HIV D+/R+ protocols (kidney n = 48, liver n = 34, pancreas n = 8, heart n = 2, lung = 1), primarily in the eastern United States (28/50). Most (91.2%) were aware that HIV D+/R+ transplantation is legal; 21.4% were unaware of research restrictions. Respondents generally agreed with HOPE research criteria except the required experience with ≥5 HIV+ transplants by organ type. Centers planning HIV D+/R+ protocols had higher transplant volume, HIV+ recipient volume, increased infectious risk donor utilization, and local HIV prevalence (P < 0.01). Centers not planning HIV D+/R+ protocols were more likely to believe their HIV+ candidates would not accept HIV+ donor organs (P < 0.001). Most centers (83.2%) supported HIV+ living donation. CONCLUSIONS Although many programs plan HIV D+/R+ transplantation, center-level barriers remain including geographic clustering of kidney/liver programs and concerns about HIV+ candidate willingness to accept HIV+ donor organs.
Photoswitching FRET to monitor protein-protein interactions.

FRET is a powerful approach to study the interactions of fluorescent molecules, and numerous methods have been developed to measure FRET in cells. Here, we present a method based on a donor molecule’s photoswitching properties, which are slower in the presence vs. the absence of an acceptor. The technique, photoswitching FRET (psFRET), is similar to an established but underutilized method called photobleaching FRET (pbFRET), with the major difference being that the molecules are switched “off” rather than photobleached. The psFRET technique has some of the FRET imaging advantages normally attributed to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), such as monitoring only donor fluorescence. However, it can be performed on a conventional widefield microscope, requires less illumination light to photoswitch off than photobleaching, and can be photoswitched “on” again to repeat the experiment. We present data testing the validity of the psFRET approach to quantify FRET in cells and demonstrate its use in imaging protein–protein interactions and fluorescent protein-based biosensors.
Ex Vivo Corneal Organ Culture Model for Wound Healing Studies

The cornea has been used extensively as a model system to study wound healing. The ability to generate and utilize primary mammalian cells in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) culture has generated a wealth of information not only about corneal biology but also about wound healing, myofibroblast biology, and scarring in general. The goal of the protocol is an assay system for quantifying myofibroblast development, which characterizes scarring. We demonstrate a corneal organ culture ex vivo model using pig eyes. In this anterior keratectomy wound, corneas still in the globe are wounded with a circular blade called a trephine. A plug of approximately 1/3 of the anterior cornea is removed including the epithelium, the basement membrane, and the anterior part of the stroma. After wounding, corneas are cut from the globe, mounted on a collagen/agar base, and cultured for two weeks in supplemented-serum free medium with stabilized vitamin C to augment cell proliferation and extracellular matrix secretion by resident fibroblasts. Activation of myofibroblasts in the anterior stroma is evident in the healed cornea. This model can be used to assay wound closure, the development of myofibroblasts and fibrotic markers, and for toxicology studies. In addition, the effects of small molecule inhibitors as well as lipid-mediated siRNA transfection for gene knockdown can be tested in this system.
A Structure Informed Atlas of Pan-Viral Interactions Reveals Features of Human Infection

While knowledge of protein-protein interactions is critical for understanding virus-host relationships, limitations on the scalability of high-throughput methods have hampered their identification beyond a number of well-studied viruses. Here, we implement an in silico computational framework (termed P-HIPSTer; (Pathogen Host Interactome Prediction using STructurE similaRity) that employs structural information to predict pan viral-human protein-protein interactions. We generate ~280,000 high confidence predictions with an experimental validation rate of ~76%. The resulting inventory identifies specific interactions that play a role in ZIKV and HPV infection and generates novel hypotheses that were functionally interrogated. We demonstrate that P-HIPSTer rediscovers known biology, identifies key regulatory networks mediating virus-human dynamics and reveals novel insights into shared and unique machinery employed across the human virome. Finally, P-HIPSTer reveals a history of evolutionary selective pressure imposed on the human proteome, recapitulating what is known while providing unique insights made possible by the large-scale structure-based P-HIPSTer database
Celeris Base: An interactive and immersive Boussinesq-type nearshore wave simulation software

Abstract We introduce our interactive and immersive coastal wave simulation software, Celeris Base, which is the successor to Celeris Advent. Celeris Base is an open source software developed in the Unity3D game engine and in C# language. It supports an interactive environment and allows users to view the simulations in a virtual reality headset. Celeris Base solves the same equations as Celeris Advent, the extended Boussinesq equations, using our hybrid finite volume–finite difference method. These equations are solved on the GPU using compute shaders, written in HLSL. Celeris Base has several new features such as 360°video capturing, geographic map overlays, built-in real-time gauge plotters, etc. It also improves the implementation of the sponge layer boundary condition by introducing new damping equations. Celeris Base is designed and implemented using the best software engineering practices in the hope that it will be a base for further developments of the Celeris software series by researchers around the globe. We validate Celeris Base against experimental results in this paper. Program summary Program Title: Celeris Base Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/jdx7tddcxz.1 Licensing provisions: MIT License Programming language: C#, HLSL Nature of problem: Celeris Advent enabled researchers and engineers for the first time to simulate nearshore waves with a Boussinesq-type model, faster than real-time and in an interactive environment. However, its development platform and implementation complexity hindered researchers from developing it further and made adding new features to the software a daunting task. The software used graphics shaders to solve scientific equations which could be confusing for many. The visualization environment was wired from scratch which made it very difficult to add features such as virtual reality. Solution method: A new software is developed completely from scratch following Celeris Advent, called Celeris Base. This software uses the same hybrid finite volume–finite difference scheme to solve the extended Boussinesq equations, but using a variant of shaders called compute shaders, removing possible barriers for other researchers to understand the code and develop it further. The software is developed in Unity3D, a popular game engine with a large and helpful community as well as thousands of ready to use plugins. Celeris Base is equipped with virtual reality and is the first nearshore simulation software to provide this feature.
Ideology and Experience: The Legacy of Critical Theory

This chapter discusses the contributions of key members and affiliates of the Frankfurt School of Critical Social Theory to the theory of film. Central to all of these contributions, which tend to be based on some account of Marxism, is that they socially and historically locate film production within capitalism and the various ideological constraints of modernity and late modernity. Being highly skeptical of the so-called culture industry, which is said to produce ideology, the school debated avant-garde film practices, including montage. Walter Benjamin’s positive view regarding the key political role of film was subjected to criticism by Theodor W. Adorno yet influenced the artistic movement referred to as New German Cinema. The legacy of the Frankfurt School’s interest in analyzing ideology and the conditions of non-reified experience remains important to contemporary trends in advanced filmmaking.
Elementary Children’s Multiplicative Reasoning: Initial Validation of a Written Assessment

Multiplicative reasoning is essential for students’ engagement with various mathematical concepts. Although the field’s understanding of children’s multiplicative concepts has grown over the past 30 years, relatively few studies have examined the development of multiplicative concepts with whole numbers, and even fewer have studied this phenomenon at scale. The present study reports on the development of an assessment of elementary students’ multiplicative concepts with whole numbers that can be used at a large scale. Findings suggest the initial version of the assessment has sufficient reliability and validity. Further, less than 20% of second grade students and approximately 50% of third grade students participating in the study engage in tasks with at least the first multiplicative concept.
Kinematics of shoulder, trunk, pelvis, and hip while reaching forward to progressively distant targets.

Abstract Introduction Information on the normal contribution of various body regions to forward reaching provides a basis for assessing the maneuver. The purpose of this study was to describe the kinematics of the shoulder, trunk, pelvis, and hip of healthy young males while they stood and reached toward a target at arm's length and 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of body height beyond. Method Twelve healthy adult males were marked with 22 spherical reflective markers. Two trials of unilateral forward reaching were performed towards a target placed at five target distances. Motion was captured via reflective markers and an infrared camera system. Results Sagittal and transverse plane motions demonstrated high reliability between trials at each target distance (ICC = 0.716 trunk flexion to 0.977 shoulder flexion). Shoulder flexion and horizontal abduction were major contributors to forward reaching with components of trunk flexion and left trunk rotation at all target distances. Hip flexion, pelvic tilt, left pelvis rotation, and hip external rotation made notable contributions at the furthest targets. All motions became more pronounced as target distance increased (P ≤ .001). Conclusion Kinematic analysis demonstrated that right forward reaching requires composite movements at the shoulder, trunk, pelvis, and hip. The contribution of each body region to forward reaching became more pronounced as the target became more distant. These findings may be helpful when identifying localized movement impairments contributing to limited forward reach in a clinical population, although clinical validation is needed.
Arterial elastin synthesis in the young chick.

Abstract In the growing chick a marked stimulation in soluble and mature arterial elastin synthesis occurs 2 and 5 weeks after hatching. Measurement of [ 3 H]valine and [ 3 H]proline incorporation into arterial suluble protein during this period indicated that most of the label is found in a 70 000 dalton protein subunit. The labeled soluble subunit had the characteristics of native soluble elastin or tropoelastin. During the period in which the greatest percentage increase in mature elastin occurs, the highest specific activities of soluble [ 3 H]valine-labeled protein were observed. These changes were striking and suggest a developmental period for the growing chick in which factors related to elastin metabolism may be more easily studied.
3.0 T MRI findings of femoroacetabular impingement

Objective The purpose of our study is to evaluate high-resolution 3.0 T MRI in the identification of finding in patients with a clinical diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Methods From June 2008 to May 2010, 54 consecutive patients with clinically diagnostic FAI received an high-resolution 3.0 T MR scan (Siemens AG, Germany), including 38 males and 16 females with an average age of 33.5 years (range, 18-50). All cases were assigned into 3 groups according to the morphology changes of the hip joint: Group Cum, Group Pincer, and Group Normal. The frequency of abnormal signs in 3 groups was calculated. Nonparametric tests by SPSS were used in data analysis. Results Forty-four patients (81.5%, 44/54) showed acetabular labrum disorders, 35 patients (64.8%, 35/54) showed femoral-acetabular cartilage lesions on MRI, 19 patients (35.2%, 19/54) showed arthroedema, 14 patients (25.9%, 14/54) showed femoralacetabular bone disorders, 4 patients (7.4%, 4/54) showed articular capsule and ligaments disorders. There was no statistically significant in the frequency of abnormal sign in MR1 between male and female. The frequency of acetabular labrum disorders, femoral-acetabular cartilage lesions and femoral-acetabular bone lesions in Group Cum was more than that of Group Pincer and Group Normal. The frequency of acetabular labrum disorders was the most disorders (Group Cum 88.5%, Group Pincer 77.8%, Group Normal 70.0%),next high-frequency was acetabular cartilage lesions. Conclusion 3.0 T MRI provides a useful assessment of patients in whom a FAI is clinically diagnosed. A high-resolution, nonarthrographic technique can provide preoperative information. Acetabular labrum disorders and femoral-acetabular cartilage lesions maybe characterized as an earlier period of FAI. Key words: Femur; Acetabulum; Wounds and injuries; Hip joint; Magnetic resonance imaging
Elucidating Human Milk Oligosaccharide biosynthetic genes through network-based multi-omics integration

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWHuman Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant carbohydrates fundamental to infant health and development. Although these oligosaccharides were discovered more than half a century ago, their biosynthesis in the mammary gland remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we used a systems biology framework that integrated glycan and RNA expression data to construct an HMO biosynthetic network and predict glycosyltransferases involved. To accomplish this, we constructed models describing the most likely pathways for the synthesis of the oligosaccharides accounting for >95% of the HMO content in human milk. Through our models, we propose candidate genes for elongation, branching, fucosylation, and sialylation of HMOs. We further explored selected enzyme activities through kinetic assay and their co-regulation through transcription factor analysis. These results provide the molecular basis of HMO biosynthesis necessary to guide progress in HMO research and application with the ultimate goal of understanding and improving infant health and development. SO_SCPLOWIGNIFICANCEC_SCPLOWO_SCPCAP C_SCPCAPO_SCPLOWSTATEMENTC_SCPLOWWith the HMO biosynthesis network resolved, we can begin to connect genotypes with milk types and thereby connect clinical infant, child and even adult outcomes to specific HMOs and HMO modifications. Knowledge of these pathways can simplify the work of synthetic reproduction of these HMOs providing a roadmap for improving infant, child, and overall human health with the specific application of a newly limitless source of nutraceuticals for infants and people of all ages.
Treatment Outcomes in Spinal Metastatic Disease With Indeterminate Stability

Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between different treatment modalities for metastatic disease with indeterminate instability (Spi...
Executive function in individuals with clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention

Background Executive function (EF) is associated with obesity development and self-management. Individuals who demonstrate or self-report poorer EF performance tend to have poorer short-term outcomes in obesity treatment. There may be distinct behavioral self-management strategies and EF domains related to initial weight loss as compared to weight loss maintenance. Objective To characterize EF in individuals who achieved clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention and examine potential differences in EF between those who maintained versus regained lost weight. Methods Participants who previously achieved ≥5% weight loss via lifestyle intervention were included (N = 44). "Maintainers" (n = 16) maintained this minimum level of weight loss for ≥1 year. "Regainers" (n = 28) regained some or all initially lost weight. Performance-based EF, intelligence quotient, health literacy, depression, anxiety, binge eating, demographics, and medical/weight history were assessed using a cross-sectional design. Descriptive statistics and age-, gender-, education-adjusted reference ranges were used to characterize EF. Analyses of covariance were conducted to examine EF differences between maintainers and regainers. Results The sample consisted primarily of females with obesity over age 50. Approximately half self-identified as African-American. Decision-making performance was better in maintainers than regainers (p = 0.003, partη2 = 0.19). There were no differences between maintainers and regainers in inhibitory control, verbal fluency, planning/organization, cognitive flexibility, or working memory (ps > 0.05, partη2s = 0.003-0.07). At least 75% of the sample demonstrated average-above average EF test performance, indicated by scaled scores ≥13 or t-scores > 60. Conclusions Most individuals with obesity who achieved clinically significant weight loss via behavioral intervention had average to above average EF. Individuals who maintained (vs. regained) their lost weight performed better on tests of decision-making.
Who’s to Blame for Bad Things on the Internet?

There is no question that tech companies have things to answer for. And we need some oversight over companies with that big a power in our lives. But it’s too easy to blame them for the problems of the modern world. The rush to blame tech companies comes from our collective unwillingness to confront a truer, and more troubling, culprit for the misinformation, hate, and incivility rampant on the Internet: ourselves.
Desintegração jurídica e uma teoria do Estado

Este artigo descreve uma topologia do pensamento juridico e as condicoes sociais de que essa topologia, esse pensamento, e um componente. Propoe-se que o pensamento juridico seja composto por um nucleo e uma periferia e que toda a estrutura corresponda aproximadamente a dicotomica e fragmentada economia politica do moderno Estado de bem-estar social democratico. A parte I e uma descricao da estrutura do pensamento juridico. Nesse sentido, considera-se que o pensamento juridico possui um nucleo e uma periferia, ambos os quais interagem de maneiras que denomino transicao e reintegracao. O nucleo compreende um modelo de Tribunais, litigância e processos judiciais; um modelo de Direito Provado da ordem social; justificacao etica; racionalidade interpretativa; e uma visao hegemonica da influencia juridica. A periferia, por sua vez, e composta pela legislacao e diplomas; um modelo de Direito Publico da ordem social; analise de politica publica como racionalidade; interpretacao juridica positivista; e uma visao marginalista da influencia juridica. A parte II descreve a estrutura do Direito e a sua relacao com a Economia politica, incluindo as tendencias em direcao a reintegracao nos aspectos perifericos da Economia politica, enfatizando a cooperacao social. A conclusao considera o lugar da pratica juridica tradicional em um novo panorama.
Convergence Criteria for Hierarchical Overlapping Coordination of Linearly Constrained Convex Design Problems

Decomposition of multidisciplinary engineering system design problems into smaller subproblems is desirable because it enhances robustness and understanding of the numerical results. Moreover, subproblems can be solved in parallel using the optimization technique most suitable for the underlying mathematical form of the subproblem. Hierarchical overlapping coordination (HOC) is an interesting strategy for solving decomposed problems. It simultaneously uses two or more design problem decompositions, each of them associated with different partitions of the design variables and constraints. Coordination is achieved by the exchange of information between decompositions. This article presents the HOC algorithm and several new sufficient conditions for convergence of the algorithm to the optimum in the case of convex problems with linear constraints. One of these equivalent conditions involves the rank of the constraint matrix that is computationally efficient to verify. Computational results obtained by applying the HOC algorithm to quadratic programming problems of various sizes are included for illustration.