cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players.

# Background Shoulder strength measured with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) are clinical tools that have been used to measure athlete’s performance and track their progress. # Purpose The specific aims of this study were to describe baseball (BB) and softball (SB) players isometric strength measures and their performance on the CKCUEST; examine the relationships between strength and the CKCUEST; compare isometric strength measures of the throwing and non-throwing arms; and compare the strength and the CKCUEST measures between BB and SB players. # Study Design Observational cohort study. # Methods Participants included 50 DIII BB and 24 DIII SB players. Shoulder strength for the internal and external rotators were measured using a HHD and the CKCUEST was performed. The CKCUEST score and power were calculated. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to compare throwing and non-throwing shoulder strength. Independent t-test was used to compare BB and SB players shoulder strength and the CKCUEST measures. # Results The BB players demonstrated significant strength differences between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders and the internal rotators were significantly stronger than the external rotators (p 0.05). There were no significant differences between the strength of the internal and external rotators of the non-throwing shoulder (p=0.075) or the throwing shoulder (p=0.096). The BB players throwing and non-throwing shoulders produced significantly more internal and external force than the SB players (p < 0.001), however, the internal/external rotators strength ratio were similar (p=0.32, p=0.30). The CKCUEST power had inverse and significant correlations (p=0.006, p=0.003) with SB players internal and external rotators, respectively. The CKCUEST power was significantly different between BB and SB players (p < 0.001). # Conclusion This study presented shoulder rotator strength and CKCUEST reference values for DIII BB and SB players. BB players demonstrated more strength but overall, less symmetry compared to SB players. CKCUEST power may be considered for the evaluation of athletes. # Level of Evidence Level III
A national survey of the impact of COVID-19 on personal, academic, and work environments of nursing students

Abstract Background Nursing students are experiencing life changing events in their personal, academic, and work environments since the onset of the pandemic. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the effects of COVID-19 on personal, workforce, and academic experiences of nursing students (N = 620). Method A 68-item survey with three areas of focus surrounding academic, workforce and personal experiences was distributed to multiple schools across the United States. The analysis compares student responses from the five regions of the US. Findings Significant differences (p Discussion Understanding the effects of the pandemic on the personal, work and academic experiences of nursing students will assist academia and healthcare in adapting existing policies to meet student needs in the various regions of the United States.
Limited Expansion of Human Hepatocytes in FAH/RAG2-Deficient Swine.

The mammalian liver's regenerative ability has led researchers to engineer animals as incubators for expansion of human hepatocytes. The expansion properties of human hepatocytes in immunodeficient...
Cultural Ecosystem Services in Agroforests

Cultural ecosystem services, such as aesthetic and spiritual appreciation, recreation, and education, are intangible and nonmaterial benefits people gain from ecosystems. The cultural services that agroforests provide, in turn, enhance provisioning, supporting, and regulating ecosystem services. However, cultural services are often ignored in ecosystem service assessments, largely because many are intangible and difficult to quantify. Because agroforests are socioecological systems, both environmental and sociocultural changes can influence agroforestry management. These changes can be adaptive, enhancing the sustainability and resilience of agroforests, or erosive, undermining the integrity and well-being of both ecological and human communities. We describe several case studies illustrating the range of cultural ecosystem services provided by agroforests, how socioeconomic shifts drive changes in agroforestry management, and frameworks for evaluating these cultural services.
Substitutions at a rheostat position in human aldolase A cause a shift in the conformational population.

Some protein positions play special roles in determining the magnitude of protein function: at such "rheostat" positions, varied amino acid substitutions give rise to a continuum of functional outcomes, from wild type (or enhanced), to intermediate, to loss of function. This observed range raises interesting questions about the biophysical bases by which changes at single positions have such varied outcomes. Here, we assessed variants at position 98 in human aldolase A ("I98X"). Despite being ~17 A from the active site and far from subunit interfaces, substitutions at position 98 have rheostatic contributions to the apparent cooperativity (nH ) associated with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate substrate binding and moderately affected binding affinity. Next, we crystallized representative I98X variants to assess structural consequences. Residues smaller than the native isoleucine (cysteine and serine) were readily accommodated, and the larger phenylalanine caused only a slight separation of the two parallel helixes. However, the diffraction quality was reduced for I98F, and further reduced for I98Y. Intriguingly, the resolutions of the I98X structures correlated with their nH values. We propose that substitution effects on both nH and crystal lattice disruption arise from changes in the population of aldolase A conformations in solution. In combination with results computed for rheostat positions in other proteins, the results from this study suggest that rheostat positions accommodate a wide range of side chains and that structural consequences manifest as shifted ensemble populations and/or dynamics changes.
Investigations of Velocity Fluctuations in a Turbulent Flow

A I A H E investigations described in the present paper -*• were concerned with a study of the mechanism of fully developed turbulent flow between straight parallel walls. The method used was that of the hot wire anemometer, whereby a fine electrically heated wire was introduced into the flow to be studied. Defining u' as the instantaneous value of the component of velocity fluctuation in the direction of a parallel flow of mean velocity u, and v as the component of fluctuation normal to the flow, the present experiments consisted of measurements of root mean square values of u and v'', as well as the correlation between them. Fig. 1 represents a sample of such a fluctuation field where the origin 0 is taken for the condition u = it, v = 0. Reynolds, in his theory of turbulent interchange, expresses the shearing stress arising from the momentum transport due to turbulence, in two-dimensional mean flow, as T = — pu'v'. I t is well known that for a fully developed parallel flow in a straight channel, the friction, r, varies linearly from a value (dp/dx) (b/2) at the wall, through zero at the channel center to — (dp/dx) (b/2) at the other wall, where dp/dx is the pressure drop along the channel and b is the channel breadth. Hence the distribution of u' v across the channel may be calculated directly from the pressure drop. Applying the principles of statistics to the fluctuation pattern illustrated in Fig. 1, we have that the correlation moment between u' and v is given by u' i/ while the scattering of u' is given by (y/^y and that of v' by (y~:2)% as discussed by Bateman. The correlation coefficient is defined as u' v/ (^/~)* (y~)\ This factor is obtained by the present measurements in that u' v is calculated from the pressure drop and values of (vT^Y and (z7~~)' directly from the hot-wire measurements. Knowledge of the correlation factor is important for a full characterization of turbulent flow and reference is made to a paper by von K a r m a n 3 for further discussion of its significance.
Comparison of a Radiometric Procedure with Conventional Methods for Identification of Neisseria

A radiometric procedure was compared with the conventional cystine tryptic agar (CTA) sugar fermentation method for identification of Neisseria species. Four different ATCC cultures of Neisseria were identified by both procedures with identical results. The only difference noted was that the radiometric procedure required 3 h for completion, whereas the conventional CTA sugar method required overnight incubation. The radiometric procedure was also compared with the fluorescent antibody (FA) and CTA methods for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The organisms examined were gram-negative, oxidase-positive diplococci isolated from 49 clinical specimens sent to the laboratory for bacteriological analysis. Results obtained by both CTA and FA procedures were comparable. However, the radioisotope method appeared to be superior to the other two methods in that only one isolate identified as positive by both the CTA and FA methods was not identified radiometrically, whereas four isolates positive by the radiometric method were not identified by the other two procedures. Thus, a total of seven more positive identifications were made radiometrically than by either of the two other methods. All positive identifications were confirmed by a reference laboratory. These results indicate that the radiometric procedure is more rapid and reliable as compared with both the CTA and direct FA methods and, thus, may serve as a valuable addition to the methodology available for diagnostic microbiology.
The Mobile Medical Library – Is There an App for That?

The growth in the use of mobile devices to access the Internet is changing the information-seeking behaviors of medical library users. In response, medical libraries need to support their mobile patrons by providing access to library resources and services. This column addresses issues and consideration that libraries should address when recommending, licensing, or developing library-oriented mobile device applications. It describes the basic features of the three primary types of mobile applications (web, native, and hybrid) and discusses considerations that can guide libraries when developing their mobile strategies.
Examining the Prevalence of Poor Help-Seeking Behavior among Black Men at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Scholars have emphasized the importance of being more intentional about investigating the experiences of Black men at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). This article responds to that call by examining poor help-seeking behavior, which could be symptomatic of an unhealthy masculine identity, among Black men at HBCUs. This study was prompted by a single, institutional study, which found evidence of poor help-seeking behavior among Black men at an HBCU. Using data from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE), this article seeks to understand the prevalence of poor help-seeking behavior among Black males in HBCUs. This article concludes with implications for future research and institutional practice.
Oralitura de San Basilio de Palenque: temas europeos, africanos y criollos

A partir de fuentes primarias recogidas en campo por los autores, complementadas por fuentes escritas en circulacion en archivos y bibliotecas, se constituyo un corpus representativo de la oralitura palenquera. Este articulo es parte de una investigacion mayor que emprende la dificil tarea de trasladar la expresion oral a la escritura. La triple operacion de codificacion (oral), recodificacion (escrita) y decodificacion (cientifico-critica) que organiza vertebralmente nuestro trabajo, constituye una nueva puesta a punto del discurso especializado (academico) sobre Palenque, a partir del cual los mismos palenqueros han reinventado incesantemente su tradicion. Apoyados en las notas etnolinguisticas y el analisis literario, hacemos una distincion entre los elementos hispanos, los elementos congoleses y los elementos originales, desarrollados in situ por esta comunidad afrocriolla del Caribe colombiano.
Matrix metalloproteinase 8 reduces the invasive, tumorigenic and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 2180 Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in metastatic spread is needed to facilitate advances in prognostic evaluation for individual patients and in the design of therapeutic interventions to inhibit the process. We have previously characterized an experimental system in which the role of candidate metastasis-related genes can be screened and tested. Monoclonal cell lines M4A4 and NM2C5 are spontaneously occurring sublines of the MDA-MB-435 cell breast tumor cell line that exhibit phenotypic differences in growth, invasion, and metastatic efficiency in athymic mice. We have previously reported the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8) in the non-metastatic cell line NM2C5 with respect to its expression in the metastatic M4A4 cell line and that the reduction of MMP8 expression by antisense methodology resulted in increased invasiveness in NM2C5 cells. In the present study the effect of overexpression of different alternatively spliced MMP8 isoforms in the metastatic M4A4 cell line was investigated. In addition to the 467 amino acid (aa) standard MMP8 isoform, at least two other variant forms are expressed in various cell lines. The first variant (444 aa) is characterized by an absence of the signal peptide as a result of the use of a different translation initiation codon. The second MMP 8 variant (368 aa) is the result of a deletion in exon 8 which introduces a frame shift and the truncation of the C-terminus hemopexin domain. The metastatic potential of M4A4 cells engineered to overexpress the standard MMP8 and these variant isoforms was found to be considerably reduced (p<0.05) when compared with the same cells transduced with the respective vector only controls after orthotopic implantation in athymic mice. In addition, the invasive and tumorigenic capabilities of these engineered M4A4 cells were reduced as a result of the expression of the MMP8 variants. Our results are in agreement with the protective role conferred by MMP8 in cancer reported by Balbin et al. in MMP8 deficient mice and open new avenues for the study of the mechanisms through which MMP8 isoforms influence the biological activities of their substrates. This study also underscores the need of specific anti-MMP therapeutic approaches in cancer.
Creating and hybridizing spotted DNA arrays

DNA microarray analysis has become the most widely used technique for the study of gene-expression patterns on a genomic scale. Microarray analysis is a complex, multistep technique involving array fabrication, labeling, hybridization, and data analysis. This review attempts to capture some of the most significant events in the evolution of spotted microarray technology, and gives a brief overview of where the field is today. Keywords: microarray; complementary DNA (cDNA); oligonucleotide; gene expression analysis; two-color hybridizations; transcription profiling
The Mobile and the World

It was wonderful to attend this special event of the Harvard Forum. For those of us who do not undertake any systematic effort to keep track of the growing world of technology, coming to these forums—this is the second one here—is like attending periodic refresher courses on “what’s happening” in the use of technology, especially information technology. And all this comes effortlessly to us, as it is nicely arranged from Canada—a kind of periodic Canadian nudge to wake up sleepy Harvard academics. And for this, we have every reason to be grateful. I particularly thank the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) for supporting this event. I am also very glad that my friend, David Malone, who now heads it, is himself here—I take it that this is not merely because David wants to wake up the Harvard academics, but also because he knows that this event has a widespread world audience, which makes me rather nervous! Perhaps I should also seize this occasion to express my appreciation of the excellent, and far oung, activities of the IDRC, which I have observed and admired over the years across the world—not least in South Asia. It is particularly impressive that the IDRC has been able to provide support for many nonmainstream projects, which are often neglected by the more traditionalist support agencies. Many of these innovative ventures, which do not get the attention of the media, and which are not heralded and greeted—at least not initially—on the front pages of the newspapers, have actually ended up doing a lot of good in our badly organized world. It is not merely the size of the budget, but also the type of projects, that determine the overall effectiveness of supportive activities—and the IDRC has a record here that should surely be a reason for great pride. I know that a lot of people are particularly interested in the growing reach and impact of mobile telephones. Let me say here that this is a aeld in which much of the good work has been done by private initiatives— indeed, often enough, by simple business initiatives. This is not invariably the case with many other departures, as help from the state or the nonproat NGOs is rather necessary. Indeed, many of the supportive activities of the IDRC have been aimed at good nonproat initiatives that need support. It is interesting to ask this question: When do for-proat business initiatives work out very well—and rather automatically—for the beneat of the public at large? To give an old-fashioned answer to this question, which is not a bad starting point, for-proat initiatives can be often market-friendly when the impact on others is positive, rather than negative. A telephone owned by a person helps others to call the person up, as well as to receive calls from him or her, and so the increased freedom of the phone owner adds to the freedom of others. In contrast, a gun owned by one can easily reduce the freedom of others, if the gun is pointed at them—or could be. Many goods have little impact on others, as a shirt owned by one does not, typically, have much of an impact on the lives of others. In contrast, a phone
Outer-scale effects on beam-wander and angle-of-arrival variances

Single-integral equations are developed for the angle-of-arrival and beam-wander variances of propagated Gaussian and uniform-intensity beams through refractive turbulence with a finite outer scale. The equations developed for Gaussian beams include initial wave-front curvature, diffraction, and turbulent spreading effects. Form-fitting expressions are used in both cases to reduce second- and third-order integral equations into equivalent single-integral forms. Numerical calculations with these new approximations give results within a few percent of the results obtained by using the more rigorous multiple integral expressions. Spectral analysis indicates that the refractive-index turbule size with the greatest influence on beam wander and angle of arrival is proportional to the outer-scale size.
Disease management of COPD with Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a set of tools and disciplines that attends to the multiple needs of the COPD patient. It extends beyond standard care by addressing the disabling features of chronic and progressive lung disease. It centers on self-management, exercise, functional training, psychosocial skills, and contributes to the optimization of medical management. Exercise enables other components by building strength, endurance, confidence, and reducing dyspnea. Patients who have undergone rehabilitation often enjoy a reduced need for health-care utilization. On the downside, rehabilitation is a one-time intervention, the benefits of which dissolve over time. The patient's physician is rarely a participant in the program; thus, the physician is at a disadvantage in being able to support a long-term response. Rehabilitation is available to a small percentage of a large patient population who could benefit. Optimal disease management would entail redesigning standard medical care to integrate rehabilitative elements into a system of patient self-management and regular exercise. It should emphasize physician involvement in self-management, which is essential in developing and maintaining an effective exacerbation protocol. Pulmonary rehabilitation should take its place in the mainstream of disease management through its integrative and reconciliative role in the multidisciplinary continuum of services, as defined by the National Institutes of Health, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Research, Workshop of 1994.
Noise transmission characteristics of a large scale composite fuselage model

Results from an experimental test undertaken to study the basic noise transmission characteristics of a realistic, built-up composite fuselage model are presented. The floor-equipped stiffened composite cylinder was exposed to a number of different exterior noise source configurations in a large anechoic chamber. These exterior source configurations included two point sources located in the same plane on opposite sides of the cylinder, a single point source and a propeller simulator. The results indicate that the interior source field is affected strongly by exterior noise source phasing. Sidewall treatment is seen to reduce the overall interior sound pressure levels and dampen dominant acoustic resonances so that other acoustic modes can affect interior noise distribution.
The effect of patient factors on response outcomes to Botox treatment of spasmodic dysphonia

Injection of botulinum toxin (Botox) into the laryngeal muscles has become the treatment of choice for controlling the symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia (SD). Currently, no specific battery of objective tests to assess the outcome is universally accepted. The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic, clinical, and treatment factors with voice outcome following Botox injection. Sixty-eight patients with adductor SD who underwent at least one Botox injection during a 5-year period were studied. Voice outcome measures were made from patient self-reporting scales and included overall vocal quality, length of response, and duration of breathiness. Vocal quality was significantly correlated with the underlying severity of vocal symptoms prior to treatment, incidence of breathiness and unilateral versus bilateral injection. The length of response was greater in males and following bilateral injections. An increased period of breathiness significantly correlated with bilateral injections.
Studio views of demo tapes

Computer Animation Production Studios typically receive thousands of demo tapes a year from various designers and animators, particularly from those right out of art and animation schools. This forum session will explore the ways in which a hopeful artist can get his/her demo tape to stand out from the rest. Issues such as demo reel content, structure, length, packaging, and audio will be addressed by a distinguished panel of Industry Professionals. Interaction between the forum panel and the audience will be highly encouraged.
The maid trade: Cross-border work in South Texas

Objective. The primary objective of this article is to investigate the “informal” marketplace for domestic servants (maids) in a border community in South Texas (Laredo). Methods. A questionnaire was administered by a household member familiar with the present study who employed at least one maid utilizing the snowball method of sample selection. Usable data (surveys) were collected from 389 individuals—195 maids and 194 employers. Results. For maids, who are overwhelmingly female Mexican nationals, the primary determinant or “push” factor in becoming a maid was economic necessity while the primary “pull” factor was good pay. A large hourly wage differential was uncovered for day maids ($3.44) vis-a-vis live-in maids ($2.61), which was primarily the result of civil status and the possession of documents permitting entry into the United States as determined by a logistic regression. Conclusion. The relative attractiveness of work as a maid in Laredo, Texas reflects the benefit of good pay balanced by the cost of poor employment choice in Mexico.
Medical anthropology and the depths of human experience: contributions from psychoanalytic anthropology.

(1992). Medical anthropology and the depths of human experience: Contributions from psychoanalytic anthropology. Medical Anthropology: Vol. 14, The Application of Theory in Medical Anthropology, pp. 53-75.
Social Mobility in a Tribal Society: The Case of Papago Indian Veterans

Papago Indian society has traditionally discouraged individual initiative, with the result that efforts toward upward social mobility by achievement-oriented persons have been negligible until recent years. Since the second world war, a contrasting pattern has been observed among former members of the armed forces. This study investigates and attempts to explain patterns of upward social mobility among Papago veterans.Conventional explanations of mobility are examined and found inapplicable to the Papago, but the relative deprivation and reference group concepts developed from Stouffer's studies of The American Soldier provide a hypothesis which links military experience and social mobility among veterans. This hypothesis is then tested with data from the Papago population register and confirmed. An alternative hypothesis suggesting that community modernization may account for the superior social status of veterans is examined and rejected.
Biosynthesis and Processing of the Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus gp64 Protein

gp64 is a major virion envelope glycoprotein of the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). gp64 plays an important role in AcMNPV infection, probably mediating penetration of one form of the virus into host cells through the endocytic pathway. gp64 also represents an excellent probe for studying the membrane glycoprotein processing capabilities of baculovirus-infected insect cells, which are used widely as a eucaryotic expression system. The goals of this study were to characterize gp64 biosynthesis and processing and determine how N-glycosylation and N-linked oligosaccharide processing influence the fate and function of gp64 in AcMNPV-infected insect cells. We found that gp64 was synthesized in a biphasic fashion, with peaks at 8 and 24 hr postinfection in both the intracellular and extracellular fractions. Interestingly, the first peak preceded detectable budded virus (BV) production, suggesting that gp64 is shed from infected cells early in infection. Transcriptional regulation accounted for the biphasic mode of gp64 protein synthesis, as transcription initiated at a consensus early motif during early times of infection, at a late motif during late times of infection, and there was a lag between the peak of early and the onset of late transcription. In vitro transcription-translation assays showed that the second ATG in the AcMNPV gp64 long open reading frame is used as the translational initiation codon and that downstream sequences encode a functional signal peptide. Pulse-chase analyses, endoglycosidases, and various inhibitors were used to show that some N-linked oligosaccharides on gp64 are processed by glucosidases and alpha-mannosidases in AcMNPV-infected insect cells. These experiments also revealed that at least two differentially processed gp64 glycoforms are produced in these cells and that both can reach the cell surface and assemble into progeny BV. However, N-linked oligosaccharide processing was not required for gp64 cell surface expression, its assembly into infectious BV, or its fusogenic activity. This suggested that any gp64 glycoform produced during infection, regardless of its N-linked carbohydrate structure, can have essentially normal biological properties. By contrast, transport of gp64 to the cell surface, production of infectious BV, and fusogenic activity were reduced in the absence of N-glycosylation, indicating that this modification is necessary for optimal gp64 function.
Characterization of time resolved, buried layer plasmas produced by ultrashort laser pulses

Abstract We report on the characterization of plasmas produced by ultrashort laser irradiation of 500 A thick layers of NaF buried at varying depths in plastic to reduce plasma gradients. The targets are irradiated with 130 fs , ≈170 mJ laser pulses (λ=400 nm ) at an intensity of ≈2×10 18 W cm −2 . The data are spectrally and temporally resolved, with resolutions of λ/Δλ≈1000 and ≳500 fs , respectively. We use X-ray emission spectroscopy to assess the electron density, Ne, and temperature, Te, in the plasma. The density is measured from Stark broadened line profiles of the He-like 1 1S– 3 1 P , He β , and H-like Lyβ lines of Na, while the temperature is determined from the intensity ratio of Na Heβ to Lyβ, and also from the dielectronic satellites to these lines. We find peak densities and temperatures of ≳10 23 cm −3 and ≈400 eV , respectively, at 2– 4 ps after the laser pulse. The plasma conditions plateau near these values for 5 ps after that. Atomic data for the kinetics simulations are generated with the HULLAC suite of codes. The Stark broadened line profiles, with full accounting of satellite transitions, are computed with the TOTAL code. Self-absorption effects are included along the observation line of sight using the radiation transport code CRETIN. Steady-state, non-LTE equilibrium plasma conditions are demonstrated suggesting that buried-layer experiments can be used as a test bed to study equation of state and opacity properties in hot, near-solid density matter.
Interferon-β treatment of human disease

Abstract After nearly 20 years in the clinic, the benefits of interferon-β treatment in specific disease states are being recognized increasingly. Two major clinical studies completed within the past two years have firmly established the use of this drug in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Its therapeutic activity in several indications, including acute and chronic viral hepatitis, has also been demonstrated; however, the general use of interferon-β in these settings awaits the results of ongoing studies and the development of practical dosing regimens.
Perfluoropolymer membrane behaves like a zeolite membrane in dehydration of aprotic solvents

Abstract Dehydration of aprotic solvents, frequently needed in pharmaceutical processing, can be implemented easily by vacuum-based pervaporation employing a novel perfluoropolymer-based membrane: perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,1,3-dioxole copolymerized with tetrafluoroethylene (PDD-TFE). Possessing one of the highest fractional free volumes, this polymer is resistant to most solvents including N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Results were obtained using a 25 μm thick dense polymeric membrane supported by a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet. Maximum water flux values found for a 90 wt% aprotic solvent feed were as follows: 77 g/(m 2 h) for DMF–water mixture at 50 °C; 9.8 g/(m 2 h) for DMSO–water mixture at 30 °C; 9 g/(m 2 h) for DMAc–water mixture at 50 °C. Excellent pervaporation separation factors for water over these aprotic solvents were obtained for mixtures containing 1, 5 and 10 wt% water in the temperature range 30–60 °C. The separation factors varied between 1000 and 12,000 depending on the water content, temperature and the solvent species. Such highly selective water removal in pervaporation has been achieved earlier in dehydration of ethanol by NaA zeolite membranes which however achieve an order of magnitude lower selectivity in for example, DMF–water system.
Acral Melanoma in Japan

Clinical records and histologic materials from 81 patients with malignant melanoma at the Department of Dermatology at Tohoku University School of Medicine were reviewed. In addition, a statistical study on 1597 cases of malignant melanoma collected from the Japanese literature from 1961 to 1982 was performed. The annual mortality rate has been increasing almost linearly over the past 20 years. The mortality rate per year for 1980 was 0.21 per 100,000. Five-year survival rate at Tohoku University was 35 percent. The most common site of melanoma was acral, especially the plantar surfaces. The clinical and histologic study of acral melanomas showed that clinicopathologic features are the same as those reported for acral lentiginous melanoma in the United States.
Role of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in the Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration

Background The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event in the pathogenesis of many vascular diseases. We have previously shown that VSMC migration in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is suppressed when cultured cells are growth-arrested and induced to differentiate. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of this suppression. Methods and Results While both proliferating and growth-arrested VSMCs upregulated expression of the immediate early response genes, c-fos and JE (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), growth-arrested VSMCs exhibited much smaller changes in intracellular calcium in response to PDGF and failed to activate the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). Blocking calcium-calmodulin interactions (50 μmol/L W7) or the activation of CaM kinase II (10 μmol/L KN62) in proliferating cells blocked their migration by more than 90%, whereas inhibition of protein kinase C activation had no significant effect on migra...
Synthesis of 123I‐and labelled 5‐iodo‐6‐nitroquipazine

The syntheses of the potent and selective serotonin reuptake complex radioligands [123I]- and [125I]5-iodo-6-nitroquipazine (5-iodo-6-nitro-2-piperazinylquinoline) are reported. A seven step synthetic sequence provided the BOC-protected 5-tributyltin-6-nitroquipazine precursor for radioiodination. End of synthesis radioiodination yields of ∼40% for 123I and ∼60% for 125I were achieved resulting in labelled products with high specific activities (>4000 and >2000 Ci/mmol, respectively) and radiochemical purities (>98%).
Fungal Biomarkers, Antifungal Susceptibility Testing, and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring—Practical Applications for the Clinician in a Tertiary Care Center

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have increased steadily over the past several decades. The incidence of IFIs with reduced antifungal susceptibility or resistance is also on the rise. These IFIs carry significant morbidity and mortality. Among the many reasons for these poor outcomes have been the delays in diagnosis and adequate treatment of these infections. Therefore, considerable research has been directed towards earlier diagnostic strategies using biomarkers, the development and standardization of antifungal susceptible testing (AST), as well as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antifungal agents. This review will provide a summary overview of these areas and their practical application to clinicians practicing in tertiary care centers.
Maintaining your EMS: Six critical control points

If you want your environmental management system (EMS) to mature and continue providing value over the long term, it is important to build in mechanisms that encourage continued growth while warding off complacency and loss of interest. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Information fusion with uncertainty modeled on topological event spaces

We investigate probability and belief functions constructed on topological event spaces (without requiring complementation operation as in the definition of Borel sets). Anchored on the Lattice Theory, and making use of the correspondence of distributive lattice and topology, we propose a hierarchical scheme for modeling fusion of evidence based on constructing the lattice of topologies over a given sample space, where each topology encodes context for sensor measurement as specified by the basic probability assignment function. Our approach provides a rigorous mathematical grounding for modeling uncertainty and information fusion based on upper and lower probabilities (such as the Dempster-Shafer model).
Cryomicroscopy of isolated plant protoplasts

Abstract It has been nearly 100 years since Muller-Thurgau (26) employed cryomicroscopy to identify the cooling rate dependency of intracellular ice formation. Since that time cryomicroscopy has advanced from the “ice age” when Molisch (23) packed his microscope in ice to the “space age” of today when computer hardware developed for space satellite imagery is used for cryomicroscopic image analysis. Although interest in cryomicroscopy has been sporadic in the intervening period, current interest is at a high level—largely as a result of the refinement in the cryomicroscope design by Diller and Cravalho (9). The increased sophistication in cryostage design and precision of temperature control allow for quantitative studies of cell behavior during a freeze-thaw cycle. Not only does quantitative video image analysis facilitate this task, but it provides for increased resolution of cellular and subcellular responses during the freeze-thaw cycle. Most importantly, cryomicroscopy presents a researcher with a panorama of cellular behavior within which existing facts can be placed in perspective and from which future experiments can be more accurately focused.
Effect of vasopressin administration and deficiency upon 3H-AVP binding sites in the CNS and periphery during development.

Abstract Arginine 8 -vasopressin (AVP, 40 μg/100 g b.wt., SC) was administered to male Long-Evans (LE) pups from day 1 to 7 of life and the pups were sacrificed on day 8 or 60. 3 H-AVP binding was performed on membranes prepared from the liver, kidney, and septum. No significant changes were observed in the kidney or septum of animals 8 or 60 days old. However, the chronic AVP treatment did result in a significant increase in the density of 3 H-AVP binding sites in the liver when compared to control day 8 pups (control 44 ± 2 vs. AVP 56 ± 3 fmol/mg protein), with no change in affinity. This effect was maintained into adulthood, as the day 60 AVP-treated LE rats also showed a significant increase in liver 3 H-AVP binding sites compared to control (control 186 ± 9 vs. AVP 239 ± 14 fmol/mg protein), with no change in affinity. A comparison of 3 H-AVP binding sites in 8-day-old LE, heterozygous Brattleboro (HET-BB), and homozygous Brattleboro rats (HOM-BB) was performed to assess the effect of complete (HOM-BB) and partial (HET-BB) VP deficiency on binding sites in the CNS and periphery. The liver again was the only tissue in which a change in 3 H-AVP binding characteristics was noted. The HOM-BB rat (B max 144 ± 6 fmol/mg protein) displayed a significant increase in AVP binding sites from the LE rat (B max 100 ± 7 fmol/mg protein), while the 3 H-AVP binding sites in the HET-BB rat liver (B max 69.8 ± 9 fmol/mg protein) were significantly lower than LE rats. Thus hepatic AVP receptors appear most sensitive to the presence or absence of vasopressin during the early postnatal period.
Heat treatment of laser-welded gold alloys.

Abstract (1) Three alloys, G-3, SMG-2, and Ceramco-0, showed no ductility in the aswelded condition. (2) The Ney G-3 as-welded samples had no ductility, but heat treating greatly increased their yield stress. (3) The simulated ceramic firing cycle created a small amount of ductility in SMG-2, but the lowering of the yield stress in Ceramco-0 renders the welds dangerously weak even with improved ductility. (4) The Jelenko F as-welded specimens were acceptable. Heat treatment improved the joints slightly, but this is not considered necessary. (5) The Ney B-2 as-welded specimens produced satisfactory joints which did not benefit from heat treatment. The large loss in ductility with heat treatment is considered undesirable. (6) The unpredictable behavior of Ceramco-0 in this study suggests the need to evaluate each alloy individually before clinical application.
Investigation of the initial rapid deactivation of platinum catalysts during the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide

Abstract This paper reports on a study using isotopic transient kinetics analysis (ITKA) to understand the initial rapid deactivation behavior of a 5 wt% Pt/ γ -Al 2 O 3 catalyst during selective CO oxidation in hydrogen. The Pt catalyst exhibited the rapid deactivation typically seen for such catalysts during the initial reaction period. Based on ITKA results, the pseudo-first-order intrinsic rate constant was found to be relatively constant with time on stream while the concentration of surface intermediates leading to CO 2 decreased significantly. It can be concluded that the deactivation of this Pt catalyst is mainly the result of a decrease in the concentration of surface intermediates as a result of carbon deposition, not a change in the intrinsic site activity.
Applied Physiology at the Bedside to Drive Resuscitation Algorithms

EMODYNAMIC INSTABILITY is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Goal-directed therapeutic algorithms have been used in various clinical settings to reverse or prevent organ damage and death that could occur with a low oxygen delivery state. Most current resuscitative algorithms use static physiologic measures to determine if a patient will respond to proven therapies. While static parameters are useful in identifying the potential for clinical instability, they cannot tell how patients will respond to an intervention. Applied physiology, through the use of functional hemodynamic monitoring, can predict the body’s reaction to therapy because it is based on cardiovascular dynamics. A growing body of evidence supports the use of applied physiologic principles in goal-directed therapeutic algorithms for appropriate and effective resuscitation/optimization. Over time, applied physiology should be incorporated into standardized protocol-driven care to improve outcomes in patients experiencing or at risk for hemodynamic instability. Patients who are at risk for clinical decompensation should be identified as early as possible to prevent subsequent morbidity and mortality. Many of the available tools and parameters that could be used to identify and manage instability do not take the dynamic nature of disease into account. The use of applied physiologic techniques allows clinicians to perform an intervention in an unstable patient and follow the changes in bedside hemodynamics. This is possible by identifying each of the components of cardiovascular function that may be contributing to clinical instability, including volume responsiveness, vasomotor tone, and contractility. The practice of applied physiology also requires a framework to maximize clinical utility; goal-directed therapeutic algorithms can provide such a framework. The objectives of this review were (1) to demonstrate that static physiologic indices are good diagnostic tools to identify occult organ hypoperfusion and hemodynamic compromise, but that they have limited utility in subsequent management; (2) to summarize existing applied physiologic techniques, the principles behind their utility, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of each; (3) to show that goal-directed therapeutic algorithms for addressing imminent or existing hemodynamic compromise can be a useful tool in the management of the critically ill; and (4) to demonstrate that the integration of applied physiologic techniques into goal-directed therapy can improve the implementation of those algorithms, and together they can improve outcomes in those experiencing and at risk for clinical instability. Although this discussion can be applied to any condition that causes imminent or existing hemodynamic instability like sepsis or trauma, this review will focus on perioperative care.
Ab initio investigations of native and protonic point defects in Mg2SiO4 polymorphs under high pressure

Abstract Density functional theory simulations were carried out to study the formation and migration energetics and geometric structures of the native point defects and protons in Mg 2 SiO 4 polymorphs (namely, forsterite, wadsleyite and ringwoodite) up to 30 GPa pressure. The energetic favorability of the vacancy and interstitial defects was shown to strongly depend on the atomic and electron chemical potentials. Among the charge-balanced defects studied, the Mg 2+ -Frenkel defects are energetically most favorable in forsterite whereas the MgO pseudo-Schottky defects are energetically most favorable in wadsleyite and ringwoodite. Our results for the ion migration enthalpies calculated using the nudged-elastic-band technique suggest that the Mg migration is easiest in forsterite and ringwoodite whereas Si migration is easiest in wadsleyite. The proton incorporations at the interstitial and vacant cationic sites were investigated. In the extrinsic limit, the proton incorporation is energetically most favorable at V Si ⁗ site for up to three protons. Addition of one more proton prefers to go to V Mg ″ site. In the intrinsic limit, however, the interstitial and Mg-vacancy sites remain the most favorable. The predicted barrier for the interstitial-to-interstitial proton migration is smaller than that for the magnesium vacancy-to-interstitial migration, and among three phases ringwoodite has the lowest barrier. The effects of proton incorporation on the transition pressure and pressure–volume equation of state were shown to be significant.
Acid secretion in guinea pigs with chronic gastric fistulas.

Abstract Chronic gastric fistula guinea pigs have survived and functioned well for more than 9 months. The cannula construction, surgical technique, and the method of gastric juice collection are described in detail. Basal hourly volumes generally ranged from 0–5 ml. and rarely approached 10 ml. and the free acid ranged up to 90 mEq./liter. Stimulated hourly volumes ranged up to 16 ml. and the free acid concentration to 127 mEq./liter. Dose-response curves for subcutaneous Histalog showed a leveling off at a range of 5.44–8.16 mg./kg./hour. Continuous maximal stimulation of acid secretion in the unanesthetized unrestrained guinea pig was achieved by cementing an electrolytic microflow pump to the shaved back of the animal.
Group-6 Imido Activation by a Ring-Strained Alkyne

Treatment of M(NAr)2(Cl)2(DME), where Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, with cyclooctyne results in the formation of M(C8H12C8H12NAr)(Cl)2(NAr), where M = Mo (1) and W (2). The complexes have metrical and spectroscopic parameters that are most consistent with an alkylidene-imine formulation with some participation by the alkyl-amido resonance form. Thermolysis of metallacycles 1 and 2 generates a pyrrole elimination product, with the tungsten derivative being more thermally stable. In addition, the metallacycle is quite hydrolytically stable. Addition of 50% H2SO4 to a toluene solution of 2 protolytically cleaves all the ligands on the metal except those associated with the metallacycle, which are retained in the oxo product [W(O)(μ-O)(C8H12C8H12NAr)]2 (3). The metallacycles 1−3 will polymerize norbornene in the presence of AlCl3. Compounds 1−3 and the pyrrole were characterized by X-ray diffraction.