cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensing with the Motor Cortex

The primary motor cortex is a critical node in the network of brain regions responsible for voluntary motor behavior. It has been less appreciated, however, that the motor cortex exhibits sensory responses in a variety of modalities including vision and somatosensation. We review current work that emphasizes the heterogeneity in sensorimotor responses in the motor cortex and focus on its implications for cortical control of movement as well as for brain-machine interface development.
Effects of Added Organosilanes on the Formation and Adsorption Properties of Silicates Surface-Imprinted with an Organophosphonate

Silica particles surface-imprinted with the soman hydrolysis product pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP) demonstrated binding selectivity for the hydrolysis product over other phosphonate mono- and diesters. Particle surfaces were imprinted during particle formation by adding pinacolyl methylphosphonate to the microemulsion formed from polyoxyethylene(5) nonylphenyl ether (NP-5), cyclohexane, ammoniated ethanol, and water. A number of trialkoxysilanes with terminal functional groups such as primary amine, quaternary amine, dihydroimidazole, and ethylpyridine were mixed with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) during particle formation to enhance the binding and selectivity of the resulting surface-imprinted particles. The BET surface area of the silicates was dependent on the specific organosilane added during particle formation. The addition of primary amine- and dihydroimidazole-terminated organosilanes produced high-density, low-pore-volumes colloids while the addition of 2-ethylpyridine- and quatermnary amine-term...
Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous deep-water coral assemblages and sedimentation on a Devonian seamount: Iberg Reef, Harz Mts., Germany

Abstract Growth of the Middle-Late Devonian Iberg Reef, a small atoll in the Variscan Geosyncline of central Europe, ceased towards the end of the Frasnian. During the Famennian and Dinantian, the reef continuously subsided relative to sea level. In the latest Dinantian the reef was covered by clastics. Five deep-water organism assemblages colonized the Famennian-Dinantian seamount successively. They are well comparable to recent organism communities on deep-water coral banks. In the Famennian, abundant crinoids and ancillary rugose corals and brachiopods colonized the reef top. During the Late Tournaisian, a coral-crinoid assemblage established on the reef. It developed into a varied fauna of corals, crinoids, trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, and goniatites in the Early and Middle Visean. The Late Visean assemblage was dominated by goniatites and pseudoplanktonic bivalves. In the latest Visean, a monospecific brachiopod fauna and small microbial buildups thrived in extreme environmental conditions on the reef top. The skeletal debris of the organisms was eroded post-mortem and only accumulated in current-protected depressions of the reef surface, along with carbonate mud. Local depressions include hollows on the reef top, neptunian dikes, and pore space of a breccia that formed due to intensive shattering of the reef top during nearby volcanic activity. During most of the Famennian and Tournaisian, there is a hiatus caused by non-deposition. Only reworked Famennian and Tournaisian conodonts recovered from Upper Tournaisian-Middle Visean limestones give evidence of marine conditions on top of the reef. The sedimentary environment on the drowned atoll compares well to that on recent guyots, including hiatuses, slow and patchy sedimentation, erosion and redeposition. Both the aftermath of the Frasnian/Famennian extinction that drastically reduced metazoan reef builders and a trend towards lower temperatures in the Famennian and Dinantian are believed to have prevented the reestablishment of a shallow water reef on the drowning Devonian atoll.
Allocation Procedure of Water and Land Resources in Relation to Some Irrigation Quality Parameters

: Land, water, labor, and capital are optimally allocated to crops on a farm, using a procedure that also relates to irrigation frequency and level of improvement in the irrigation system. The procedure is based on formulating outputs and expenditures as well as the functions of irrigation frequency-water and yield. The Generalized Geometric Programming is used to solve the objective function as nonlinear equations are involved.
WAIS-R profile variability of psychiatric inpatients.

Public sector psychiatric patients are dissimilar from the general population on several dimensions, including their over-d intellectual ability and intelligence pro€iles as shown in studies using a variety of instruments (Hays, Emmons, & Lawson, 1993). This study reported preliminary findings from a large scale study on the variability across WAIS-R profiles of psychiatric inpatients. Data from the first ten years of psychological evaluations at the Harris County Psychiatric Center, a 250-bed psychiatric hospital staffed by the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, were analyzed. The sample consisted of all adult patients on whom psychological evaluations were performed, yielding a total of 1,684 patient The average Full Scale WAIS-R IQ score was 79.7 (SD= 13.6) with a mean Verbal IQ score of 81.4 (SD=13.8) and a mean Performance IQ score of 79.9 (SD=13.6). The average absolute ddference between the Verbal and Performance IQ scores was 7.2 (SD=6.3). Obviously, th~~ population has sigdicantly lower intellectual hnctioning than the general population. The mean range of subtest scale scores (highest subtest minus the lowest subtest) was 5.7 (SD=2.1) with the following cumulative distribuuon of scale score ranges: 2-2%, 3-11%, 4-31%, 5-51%, M8%, 7-82%, 8-90%, 9-95%, 10-98%. The subtest spread was significantly lower than in the WAIS-R standardization sample (t,561 = 13.8, p< ,001) and for a sample of New Jersey psychiatric inpatients (f,,844 =4.8, p< ,001) as reported by Boone (1993). The subtesc variance or Profile Variability Index was 3.6 (SD=2.6). The correlation between subtesr range and the Index was significant (r = 36, p < ,001) and of the same magnitude found by McLean, Reynolds, and Kaufman (1990) using the WAIS-R standardization sample. However, the value of the Profile Variab~lit~ Index for the patients in the present study was significantly lower than in the WAIS-R standardization sample (f,561 =11.67, p<.001) and also significantly lower than the Boone (1993) inpatient sample (t,,,,=7.8, p<.001). Ln conclusion, for patients in this population [here appears to be less intertest variabdty, measured by either subtest range or the Profile Variability Index, than in either the gneral population or psychiatric inpatients from other geographic regions. Chicians using profile variability as a clinical index of pathology should consider these differences when interpreting profie variability in chical settings with low-functioning patients.
Excretion of 17-ketosteroids by male rabbits during altered gonadal function.

By standardization of environmental conditions and selection of animals for such variables as health, weight, age, nutrition, it is possible to control factors which have been indicated as influencing the excretion of 17-ketosteroids (Landau et al., 1948; Forbes et al., 1947). Proper use of such controls should provide opportunity for critical investigations of 17-ketosteriod metabolism. Relatively few studies have reported the urinary 17-ketosteriod excretion in laboratory animals. They have been assayed in the rat (Lampton and Miller, 1941), mouse (Karnofsky et al., 1944), chimpanzee (Dorfman et al., 1947), and rabbit (Kimeldorf, 1948). Unfortunately, values reported by these investigators are not strictly comparable because of differences in assay techniques. The purpose of the present investigation is to study alterations in 17-ketosteroid excretion experimentally induced in rabbits whose normal excretion level has been established. materials and methods Data reported in these investigations were deri...
On two types of deviation from the matching law: bias and undermatching

Abstract Data on choice generally conform closely to an equation of the form: log(B1/B2)=a log(r1/r2+log k, where B1 and B2 are the frequencies of responding at Alternatives 1 and 2, r1 and r2 are the obtained reinforcement from Alternatives 1 and 2, and a and k are empirical constants. When a and k equal one, this equation is equivalent to the matching relation: B1/B2=r1/r2. Two types of deviation from matching can occur with this formulation: a and k not equal to one. In some experiments, a systematically falls short of one. This deviation is undermatching. The reasons for undermatching are obscure at present. Some evidence suggests, however, that factors favoring discrimination also favor matching. Matching (a=1) may represent the norm in choice when discrimination is maximal. When k differs from one, its magnitude indicates the degree of bias in choice. The generalized matching law predicts that bias should take this form (adding a constant proportion of responding to the favored alternative). Data from a variety of experiments indicate that it generally does.
Relationship between prostatc epithelial volume and serum prostate-specific antigen levels

Objectives The present study was designed to determine the relationship between serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and prostatic epithelial volumes.
Is exposure to media intended for preschool children associated with less parent-child shared reading aloud and teaching activities?

Objective To determine whether electronic media exposure is associated with decreased parental reading and teaching activities in the homes of preschool children. Methods A convenience sample presenting for well-child care to an urban hospital pediatric clinic was enrolled. Inclusion criteria were: child's age 3 to 5 years and not yet in kindergarten. Electronic media exposure (TV, movies/video, computer/video games) was assessed with a 24-hour recall diary and characterized on the basis of industry ratings. Reading aloud and teaching activities were assessed with the StimQ-Preschool READ and PIDA (Parental Involvement in Developmental Advance) subscales, respectively. Results A total of 77 families were assessed. Children were exposed to a mean (SD) of 200.8 (128.9) minutes per day of media, including 78.2 (63.7) minutes of educational young child–oriented, 62.0 (65.6) minutes of noneducational young child–oriented, 14.8 (41.4) minutes of school age/teen–oriented, and 29.2 (56.6) minutes of adult-oriented media, as well as to 16.6 (47.5) minutes of media of unknown type. A total of 79.2% watched 2 or more hours per day. Noneducational young child–oriented exposure was associated with fewer reading (semipartial correlation coefficient [SR] = −0.24, P = .02) and teaching (SR = −0.27, P = .01) activities; similar relationships were not found for other media categories. Children exposed to 2 or more hours of total electronic media per day had 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.4–2.9) fewer days per week of reading than children exposed to less than 2 hours (SR = −0.27, P = .01). Conclusions This study found an association between increased exposure to noneducational young child–oriented media and decreased teaching and reading activities in the home. This association represents a mechanism by which media exposure could adversely affect development.
Infants' identification of three-dimensional form from transformations of linear perspective.

The ability of infants to perceive three-dimensional structure from transformations of linear perspective was investigated in two studies. Infants were habituated to the pattern of linear perspective transformations corresponding to a particular three-dimensional object, and their relative preference for that object as compared with a different three-dimensional object was assessed both before and after habituation. The habituation displays showed the distorting shadow cast by a rotating object and therefore provided only transformations of linear perspective as information specifying three-dimensional form. The pre- and posttest displays involved the actual three-dimensional objects and provided binocular, shading, and texture information specifying three-dimensional form, but did not provide informative transformations of linear perspective. In Study 1, 6-month-olds showed changes in preference from pre- to posttest that were related to the identity of the object whose shadow they had seen during habituation; 4-month-olds, however, did not show preference changes related to the habituation object. In Study 2, rhythm information that may have served as a basis for responding in Study 1 was eliminated from the test displays. Six-month-olds again showed changes in preference that were dependent on their habituation experience. It is concluded that, by 6 months of age, infants are able to perceive object structure from the isolated cue of transformations of linear perspective. The findings are discussed with reference to infants’ three-dimensional form perception based on other cues and also with reference to the emergence of certain spatially related moter activities.
Hormones and personality: Testosterone as a marker of individual differences

Abstract Recently, testosterone (T) has been linked to behaviors that are conceptually related to dominance as a personality characteristic. Although evidence for this association is growing, the psychometric properties of T as an individual difference variable have been largely neglected. For T to be considered a biological marker of dispositional dominance it is critical that it demonstrates high test–retest reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity. Two studies tested the temporal stability of salivary T in humans and the relationship between T and traditional measures of personality. Across both studies, test–retest reliability for T was high and comparable to the short-term stability of questionnaire-based and implicitly assessed personality assessment instruments. In being modestly correlated with self-reported dominance, T showed some evidence of convergent validity. In being statistically independent from conceptually unrelated personality constructs (such as Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience) it showed good evidence of discriminant validity. The findings strengthen the psychometric foundation for using T as a hormonal marker of individual differences.
Absence of a Direct Effect of Phosphate or 5'-AMP on the Contractile Proteins of Hog Carotid Arteries

Two to 4 mM 59-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) caused a 28% inhibition of the ATPase activity of a crude "fibrillar" contractile protein preparation isolated from porcine vascular smooth muscle. This effect was absent in highly purified Ca 2+ -insensitive actomyosin extracted from carotid arteries as well as a Ca 2+ -dependent actomyosin preparation. Inorganic phosphate (P 1 ) caused no inhibition of ATPase activity in either actomyosin preparation, but 4 mM P 1 produced a slight depression in ATP hydrolysis of the crude fibrillar proteins. Superprecipitation of actomyosin remains unaffected by additions of either 4 mM P 1 or 4 mM AMP to the purified protein solutions. The effects of P 1 and AMP in combination were additive in the fibrillar system. However, the combination of the two agents had no effect on the ATPase activity of the two actomyosin preparations. These results indicate that concentrations of P 1 and AMP which might be produced under physiological conditions have no direct inhibitory action on the vascular smooth muscle actin-myosin interaction.
Characterization of the Primary Starch Utilization Operon in the Obligate Anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis: Regulation by Carbon Source and Oxygen

The opportunistic pathogen Bacteroides fragilis is a commensal organism in the large intestine, where it utilizes both dietary and host-derived polysaccharides as a source of carbon and energy. In this study, a four-gene operon required for starch utilization was identified. The operon also was found to be oxygen responsive and thus was designated osu for oxygen-induced starch utilization. The first three genes in the operon were predicted to encode outer membrane proteins involved in starch binding, and a fourth gene, osuD, encoded an amylase involved in starch hydrolysis. Insertional mutation of the osuA gene (ΩosuA) resulted in the inability to utilize starch or glycogen and an insertional mutation into the osuD gene (ΩosuD) was severely impaired for growth on starch media. Transcriptional studies indicated that maltose, maltooligosaccharides, and starch were inducers of osu expression and that maltose was the strongest inducer. A transcriptional activator of osuABCD, OsuR, was identified and found to mediate maltose induction. The ΩosuA and ΩosuD mutants were able to grow on maltose but not starch, whereas a mutation in osuR abolished growth on both substrates, indicating that additional genes under the control of OsuR are needed for maltose utilization. The osuABCD operon also was induced by exposure to oxygen and was shown to be part of the oxidative stress response important for aerotolerance of B. fragilis. Transcriptional analyses showed that osuA was induced 20-fold by oxygen, but OsuR was not required for this activation. Analysis of osu mutants suggested that expression of the operon was important for survival during oxygen exposure but not to hydrogen peroxide stress.
Underclass Neighborhoods in Temporal and Ecological Perspective

This article places the growth of an urban underclass in the broader context of trends in inequality and the stratification of place in global cities. Using Chicago as a case study, we construct a multidimensional typology of urban neighborhoods to illuminate trends in the spatial distribution of opportunity, the impact of immigration on the city's ecological structure, and modal patterns of neighborhood change. Our empirical analysis documents (1) the increasing spatial polarization of Chicago's neighborhoods, fueled by a concentration of both affluence and socioeconomic disadvantage; (2) the erosion of working-class areas as an ecological category; (3) the emergence of Hispanic neighborhoods as a distinct ecological type; and (4) the existence of race-specific patterns of neighborhood upgrading. These trends have broader implications for the study of spatial inequality in advanced industrial cities.
Fast charging nickel-metal hydride traction batteries

Abstract This paper describes the fast charge ability, or “fast rechargeability”, of nominal 85 Ah Ni–MH modules under various fast charge conditions, including constant current (CC); typically 1-3C, and constant power (CP) regimes. Our tests revealed that there is no apparent difference between CC and CP fast charge regimes with respect to charge efficiency and time. Following the USABC Electric Vehicle Battery Test Procedures Manual (Revision 2, 1996), we demonstrated that we were able to return 40% state of charge (SOC) from 60% depth of discharge (DOD) to 20% DOD within 15 min. Most importantly, we found that the internal pressure of the cell is the most critical parameter in the control of the fast charge process and the safe operation of the modules.
Making an ambulatory surgery centre suitable for regional anaesthesia.

Abstract This chapter reviews a management strategy for transforming an outpatient surgery centre from that which exclusively uses general anaesthesia to one using regional anaesthesia with peripheral nerve blocks. Barriers presented by patients, nursing staff, surgeons and administrators can be notable; these might undermine the well-intended efforts of highly-skilled regionalists. Clearly, understanding the process benefits from the time the patient enters the facility until discharge home is essential, especially when presenting requests for support from facility administrators. Using a team approach is a logical place to start, as is defining new quality indicators and tracking patient outcomes. The centrepiece of the anaesthesia care process remains pre-emptive multimodal analgesia, routine multimodal anti-emetic prophylaxis and avoidance of general anaesthesia (GA) with volatile agents. The remainder of the care process relies on teamwork among all healthcare providers and meaningful administrative support.
The “Booty Call”: A Compromise Between Men's and Women's Ideal Mating Strategies

Traditionally, research on romantic and sexual relationships has focused on one-night stands and monogamous pairs. However, as the result of men and women pursuing their ideal relationship types, various compromise relationships may emerge. One such compromise is explored here: the "booty call." The results of an act-nomination and frequency study of college students provided an initial definition and exploration of this type of relationship. Booty calls tend to utilize various communication mediums to facilitate sexual contact among friends who, for men, may represent low-investment, attractive sexual partners and, for women, may represent attractive test-mates. The relationship is discussed as a compromise between men's and women's ideal mating strategies that allows men greater sexual access and women an ongoing opportunity to evaluate potential long-term mates.
Transforming Semi-Honest Protocols to Ensure Accountability

Secure multi-party computation (SMC) balances the use and confidentiality of distributed data. This is especially important for privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM). Most secure multi-party computation protocols are only proven secure under the semi-honest model, providing insufficient security for many PPDM applications. SMC protocols under the malicious adversary model generally have impractically high complexities for PPDM. We propose an accountable computing (AC) framework that enables liability for privacy compromise to be assigned to the responsible party without the complexity and cost of an SMC-protocol under the malicious model. We show how to transform a circuit-based semi-honest two-party protocol into a simple and efficient protocol satisfying the AC-framework
Lymphatic filariasis in Andhra Pradesh paper mill colony, Rajahmundry, after nine rounds of MDA program.

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a serious socioeconomic and public health problem due to its morbid condition, social stigma and considerable economic loss. In order to eliminate transmission and to prevent disability due to LF by the year 2015, sixteen districts of Andhra Pradesh have been under mass drug administration (MDA) programme, covering 54 million population with annual single dose of diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) tablets orally1. Rajahmundry town of Andhra Pradesh is one of the worst LF affected areas and is under MDA programme since 1999, covering a total nine rounds of MDA programme till 2008 (Personal communication, Department of Health, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh). Residential colonies maintained by the industries like Andhra Pradesh Paper Mill (APPM) which is situated in the heart of Rajahmundry town often remain separated from Government health facilities, specially for National Filaria and Malaria Control Programmes and managed by their own health infrastructure (Personal communication: The Chief Medical Officer, APPM). A survey was therefore initiated to note the magnitude of LF between May and July 2009 in APPM Colony situated in Rajahmundry on eastern bank of the River Godavari.
Note---Channel of Distribution Profits When Channel Members Form Conjectures

It is well known that lower channel profits are achieved in the bilateral manufacturer-reseller monopoly if manufacturer and reseller independently optimize their respective profits: They take each other's decisions as given i.e., adopt decision rules that ignore their influence on the other channel member. Higher profits are achieved if they coordinate their profit maximizing decisions. Consequently, there is an economic justification for 1 vertical integration that by definition prevents conflicting profit objectives or 2 contracts that change channel members' incentives to the compatible objectives of shares of total channel profits. This paper investigates the possibility that coordination might take place without formal arrangements like vertical integration or contracts. The reason for this contention is the casual observation that channel members are often acutely aware of the interdependencies between channel participants. We might thus expect that they will form conjectures about other channel members' reactions to their own actions. We show that rational conjectures lead profit maximizing channel members to adopt modified decisions rules. Can such conjectural decision-making create, at least partially, channel coordination or cooperation? In other words, can channel members deviate from the Nash equilibrium and thus achieve greater profits? The answer given in this paper is a conditional yes.
Polimetrics: the quantitative study of urban systems (and its applications to atmospheric and hydro environments)

The rapid urbanization of the Earth has led to highly populated cities that act as concentrated centers of anthropogenic stressors on the environment. Much of these stressors originate from nonlinear coupling between man-made urban elements (i.e., networks of engineering and socio-economic infrastructures) and the natural environment. An urban area can be treated as a system of urban elements (or elemental systems), and simple interactions between the latter may lead to complex outcomes, known as emergent properties, in the former. Emergent properties of urban systems play an important role in determining their resilience and sustainability, studies on which require an in-depth knowledge of dynamics, interdependencies and feedbacks of urban elements as well as development of quantitative holistic models to integrate such knowledge to predict the overall system response. To facilitate this demanding effort, it is proposed to initiate a new sub-discipline within the discipline of Earth System Engineering, with the portmanteau of Polimetrics, to deal with quantitative scientific aspects of urban systems. This paper discusses two examples of polimetrics related to urban fluid flows. The first deals with the urban heat island and the other with storm surges in coastal cities.
Transition: a future promise for children and adolescents with special health care needs and disabilities

Transitions are a part of everyone's life experience. Most young people with special health care needs and disabilities (SHCN/D) become independent partners in adult society, but some need deliberate guidance and support. This latter group is growing in number. Through a new consensus statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Federal Government (Healthy People 2010), society is recognizing the need to assist young people with SHCN/D in attaining their potential in adulthood. This article discusses the growing number of young people with SHCN/D, their desires for their transition, the definition and areas of transition that should be addressed, and the key elements of successful transition programs. The article ends with a suggested list of actions a health care professional can undertake to foster a successful transition and a selected list of helpful resources for health professionals, families, and young people with SHCN/D.
Finance and Macroeconomic Performance. Some Evidence for Emerging Markets

This paper examines whether financial-sector development in several emerging markets affects their real economic activity. Results from cointegration and error correction models suggest that financial deepening (alternatively measured) exerts a robust longterm stimulating effect on real economic activity (both overall and sectoral) in all countries examined. However, short-term effects of financial deepening prove generally nonexistent, or tenuous at best. The results suggest that improving the structure and operation of the financial sector in emerging markets does stimulate real growth, but only if such improvement persists over a prolonged period of time.
Prospective study of statin use and risk of Parkinson disease.

Statins are one of most prescribed drug classes in the US. Based on NHANES 2003-2004, 11.7% US adults (i.e., 24 million) were taking statins. 1 Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the key enzyme that regulates the synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid. Recently, statins have been found to have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects, which led to the hypothesis that statins could be neuroprotective agents. 2-4 However, the beneficial effects of statins could be offset by their unfavorable effects on lowering plasma coenzyme Q10, 5, 6 which may be neuroprotective in individuals with PD.7 This potential for harm makes it all the more important to assess their effects. Several prospective studies have been conducted to examine the association between statin use and PD risk and generated mixed results.2,8, 9 As shown in a recent review, significant associations between statin use and lower PD risk were observed in two out of five prospective studies.2 In two large registry studies published after that review, statin use was not significantly associated with PD risk overall. 8, 9 However, the majority of these studies were based on registry data and failed to control for several important confounders, such as smoking and caffeine intake. We therefore conducted a prospective study to examine whether use of statins was associated with PD risk in two large ongoing US cohorts comprising ~140,000 men and women.
Recent Restrictions Upon Negro Suffrage: The Case of Georgia

D URING THE DECADE AND A HALF which has elapsed since the invalidation of the white primary by the U. S. Supreme Court,' advocates of white supremacy in Georgia, as in other states in the deep South, have employed several techniques to keep colored persons away from the ballot boxes. The passage, meanwhile, of the Civil Rights Act of 1957,2 the deliberations of the Eighty-Sixth Congress and the activities of the Civil Rights Commission and the Department of Justice evince an increasingly active role by federal authorities in implementing the guarantees of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The principal aims of this paper are to describe and analyze the tactics of obstruction in Georgia and to suggest specific legal procedures and measures for curbing practices which deny to Negro citizens the equal protection of the laws. An assumption is that most of the obstacles erected in Georgia are typical of resistance in the deep South and that weapons of discrimination, found to be effective in one state, are likely to be used in other states. In fulfillment of its chief aims, the paper discusses the impediments found in several aspects of the franchise process: registration, purging of registration lists, voting and electoral structure. A final section of the paper is devoted to an appraisal of the impact of discrimination upon Negro suffrage and of the prospects for reform.
My Mother and Me: Why Tiger Mothers Motivate Asian Americans But Not European Americans

“Tiger Mother” Amy Chua provoked a culture clash with her claim that controlling parenting in Asian American (AA) contexts produces more successful children than permissive parenting in European American (EA) contexts. At the heart of this controversy is a difference in the normative models of self that guide behavior. Ideas and practices prevalent in AA contexts emphasize that the person is and should be interdependent with one’s close others, especially one’s mother. In contrast, EA contexts emphasize the person as independent, even from one’s mother. We find that AA compared with EA high school students experience more interdependence with their mothers and pressure from them, but that the pressure does not strain their relationship with their mothers. Furthermore, following failure, AAs compared with EAs are more motivated by their mothers, and AAs are particularly motivated by pressure from their mothers when it conveys interdependence.
Statistical problems of wind-generated gravity waves arising in microwave remote sensing of surface winds

The basic geometric features of a developed sea surface affecting the accuracy of wind speed measurements by satellite instruments are reviewed. Based on Seasat scatterometer, Geosat altimeter, and DMSP-SSM/I (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave/Imager) observations collocated with buoy data, error trends in the satellite winds are shown to be correlated with various measures of wave development. These trends are explained by examining the RMS wave slope of energy-containing waves which, directly or indirectly, affects all microwave techniques. Statistics of temporal-spatial rates of steep and breaking waves (affecting the scatterometer and radiometer measurements) are derived and compared with field observations. >
The Role of Bystanders in Mass Casualty Events: Lessons from the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

The Role of Bystanders in Mass Casualty Events: Lessons from the 2010 Haiti Earthquake In routine emergencies, official emergency organizations bear the responsibility to manage the event and treat the wounded. The principal role for bystanders is to alert the appropriate emergency organizations. In mass casualty events (MCE), bystanders are the first responders. Research conducted among rescues in the immediate aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake indicates that bystanders can be an effective complement to professional rescue forces and a necessary substitute when professionals lack sufficient surge capacity. Policy makers and planners may be able to save lives and elevate resilience by sharing emergency preparedness responsibility with the general public.
Theory of mutations. II. Physical model of genetic stability

A physical model for genetic stability of DNA is constructed in terms of the “microscopic” model for uninduced point mutations and the electromechanical thermoelastic properties of the macroscopic “global” DNA system. Theoretical considerations show how experimental data from one of the least complicated but useful genetic systems, T4 bacteriophage, support the proton-code model of DNA discussed by Lowdin. The stability of an unperturbed DNA system is treated to illustrate the dynamical coupling between the “global” motion of DNA and the stability at local genetic sites. The method for analyzing a DNA system perturbed by “low-energy” optical or acoustical frequencies is indicated. The model provides a physical explanation for “hot spots” (genetic sites highly susceptible to mutation) and suggests that quantum theory may be as useful in the biological sciences as it is in the physical sciences with respect to designing and interpreting certain experiments in genetics. The incidence of human cancer as a function of chronological age is discussed in terms of the model.
Rational Choice with Passion: Virtue in a Model of Rational Addiction

By incorporating a divided self into the rational addiction framework, this paper provides a rationale for and an explicit analysis of two types of budget-shrinking behaviors - actions taken to limit access to lifetime wealth in a given period, and actions taken to change the effective price of the addictive good. Moreover, internal conflict models provide a normative rationale, absent from rational addiction models, for policies that limit access to addictive goods.
In honor of Brian Stuckenberg: Two new Spheginobaccha species of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Afrotropics

The Afrotropical species of genus Spheginobaccha are reviewed and a new identification key is provided. Two new species are described: S. stuckenbergi from Madagascar and S. pamela from South Africa.
Fine Details of Mining-Induced Seismicity at the Trail Mountain Coal Mine Using Modified Hypocentral Relocation Techniques

Abstract Master event and double‐difference techniques were used to relocate mining‐induced seismicity (MIS) at the Trail Mountain Mine, a longwall coal mine in central Utah. Travel‐time data were collected by Arabasz et al. (2002) using a surface seismic network with stations at elevations both above and below mine level (because of the topography) and a single in‐mine station. Arabasz et al. (2002) only used surface stations above mine level to determine locations. Using this network geometry, they were only able to constrain focal depths for 321 of 1829 events. In contrast, we use all stations, creating a 3D network. Hypocentral locations are improved by implementing a master event methodology to reduce the effects of uncertainties in the velocity structure, though the resulting locations do not correspond with known structures or stratigraphy. The mismatch between the locations and geology is likely due to fracturing of the rock mass by the mining process, thereby decreasing the seismic velocity near mined‐out regions. Assuming a 10% velocity decrease places the MIS in the roof of the mine. A double‐difference procedure is used to mimic a time‐varying velocity structure. The time‐varying velocity structure results in locations that approximate the dip of the coal seam. By using all available stations and allowing for a time‐varying velocity structure, we find the MIS is located immediately above the coal seam and closely follows the position of the coalface. The epicenters align with the roads along the longwall panel, where stress concentrations are expected during mining. Online Material: Animations of the progression of seismicity along the longwall panel.
A Fault-Tolerant Control Paradigm for Microgrid-Connected Wind Energy Systems

Wind power is a promising alternative energy source; however, its integration to the microgrid is challenging and requires the consideration of voltage regulation, power quality, and voltage variations. This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant control paradigm for a microgrid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy system to: 1) achieve ride through during any kind of voltage sag conditions including deep sags and 2) enable the strict satisfaction of recent grid code requirements. The proposed paradigm includes a novel integral terminal sliding mode controller (ITSMC) for the rotor- and grid-side converters along with a series grid-side converter (SGSC) to maintain the voltage levels across the stator windings at their prefault values. A fuzzy logic and a Posicast approach are also proposed to control the SGSC and further improve the performance of the wind energy system. The effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant configuration in riding through different types of grid faults is evaluated via detailed computer experiments. The merits of the proposed approach are further compared to those of the standard state of the art in voltage sag mitigation, namely, the shunt current injection approach and the dynamic voltage restorer. Results clearly show that the proposed control paradigm is able to protect the converters from damages and ensure continuous connection of the WT to the grid during faults, hence maintaining power quality.
264 DISRUPTION OF NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE RECEPTOR A GENE INCREASES ADRENAL ANGIOTENSIN II AND ALDOSTERONE LEVELS.

The disruption of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor A (GC-A/NPRA) gene (Npr1) leads to elevated arterial blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, and sudden death in mice lacking NPRA. ANP-NPRA signaling is known to counteract the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We studied whether Npr1 gene copy number affects adrenal angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (ALDO) levels in a gene-dose dependent manner in Npr1 gene-targeted mice. Adrenal Ang II and ALDO levels increased in one-copy (gene-disrupted heterozygous allele, 15%, p
Design of a Late-model Intelligent Node Based on the Smart Transceiver FT3120

A late-model intelligent node is designed which based on the update Smart Transceiver FT3120. The special characteristics of the FT3120, and then design a intelligent node system which is in a HOST BASE configuration and can be used in the Lonworks field bus control network. It includes the recent Smart Transceiver FT3120. dual-port RAM CY7C026 and Digital Signal Processor TMS320LF2407A. The lower level state information of the DSP control can be transmitted to the higher level intelligent nodes through the dual-port RAM. And the center IPC control system could send some programs to any intelligent nodes in the Lonworks. The system has good prospects.
Effect of iron deficiency on myelination in CNS

Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiency diseases and affects children’s health seriously. Iron is closely associated with normal myelination in central nervous system (CNS). Iron deficiency affects the oligodendrocytes profoundly, the myelinating cells in CNS from many different levels including generation, cellular energy metabolism and myelin synthesis of the oligodendrocyte. The effects on oligodendrocytes ultimately lead to abnormal myelination. And these alterations in myelination are irreversible, which may help to explain some clinical persistent abnormalities in cognition and behavior caused by iron deficiency.
Design and Application of Full-automatic Calibration System for Power Quality Monitoring Equipment

A full-automatic calibration system for power quality monitoring equipment is designed based on design of calibration plan template、report template、built-in extensible communication protocol library 、automatic control of power quality calibrator、automatic calculation of error and measurement uncertainty to solve the problem of time-consuming operation and human errors caused by manual calculation,so as to achieve full-automatic control of calibration for power quality monitoring equipment. Practical application shows that this system is easy to use and shortens the calibration time so as to meet the requirement of testing and calibration of a mass of power quality monitoring equipments.
R&D on radiation-hard scintillators and wavelength shifting fibers

With increasing beam energies and intensities of colliders, the development of radiation-hard scintillators and wavelength shifting fibers has become a crucial path in the future detector designs. The areas of implementation of such scintillators and fibers range from calorimetry to beamline instrumentation to specialized forward detectors e.g. luminosity monitors. The research on the radiation-hard scintillators falls into two categories: Quartz plates (which form a radiation-hard substrate) coated with thin, radiation-hard organic or inorganic compounds, and intrinsically radiation-hard scintillators like Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN). Here we report on the recent developments supported with results from laboratory and beam test measurements.
Focus on Alectinib and Competitor Compounds for Second-Line Therapy in ALK-Rearranged NSCLC

The management of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearranged (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exemplifies the potential of a highlights the success of the precision medicine approach to cancer careparadigm. The ALK inhibitor crizotinib has demonstrated led to improved outcomes in the first and second line setting, however, toxicities, intracranial activity and acquired resistance necessitated the advent of later generation ALK inhibitors. A large portion of acquired resistance to ALK inhibitors is caused by secondary mutations in the ALK kinase domain. Alectinib is a second generation ALK inhibitor capable of overcoming multiple crizotinib resistant ALK mutations and has demonstrated improved outcomes after crizotinib failure, leading to approval in crizotinib treated ALK+ NSCLC patients. Favorable toxicity profile and improved intracranial activity haves spurred ongoing front line trials and comparisons to other ALK inhibitors. However, important questions regarding comparability to competitor compounds, acquired alectinib resistance, and ALK-inhibitor therapy sequencing remain. Here, we review the key clinical data supporting alectinib in the second line therapy of ALK+ NSCLC and provide context in comparison to other ALK inhibitors in development.
A Sparse Representation Model Using the Complete Marginal Fisher Analysis Framework and Its Applications to Visual Recognition

This paper presents an innovative sparse representation model using the complete marginal Fisher analysis (CMFA) framework for different challenging visual recognition tasks. First, a complete marginal Fisher analysis method is presented by extracting the discriminatory features in both the column space of the local samples based within the class scatter matrix and the null space of its transformed matrix. The rationale of extracting features in both spaces is to enhance the discriminatory power by further utilizing the null space, which is not accounted for in the marginal Fisher analysis method. Second, a discriminative sparse representation model is proposed by integrating a representation criterion such as the sparse representation and a discriminative criterion for improving the classification capability. In this model, the largest step size for learning the sparse representation is derived to address the convergence issues in optimization, and a dictionary screening rule is presented to purge the dictionary items with null coefficients for improving the computational efficiency. Experiments on some challenging visual recognition tasks using representative datasets, such as the Painting-91 dataset, the 15 scene categories dataset, the MIT-67 indoor scenes dataset, the Caltech 101 dataset, the Caltech 256 object categories dataset, the AR face dataset, and the extended Yale B dataset, show the feasibility of the proposed method.
Abstract 128: Visit-to-visit Variability of Systolic BP and Renal Outcomes in the SPRINT Trial

Increased visit-to-visit variability (VVV) in systolic blood pressure is a known predictor of adverse CV events & in diabetics, is associated with higher risk of incident albuminuria & chronic kidney disease. However, the impact of VVV in SBP on renal outcomes in the absence of diabetes is unknown. We investigated the association between VVV in SBP & adverse CVE & renal events among non-diabetic participants in SPRINT cohort. Methods: Primary exposure was quartile of within-person standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SDBP). Primary outcomes 1) primary composite CV outcome from SPRINT study, 2) primary SPRINT renal outcome among those without CKD 3) incident albuminuria among those with & without CKD. We compared covariates by SDBP quartile, using ANOVA or chi-square tests. We fit incremental Cox hazards models to examine associations between SDBP & events. We performed sensitivity analyses for # visits in all models. Results: Among 9361 participants, 8589 (92%) met inclusion criteria & comprised the primary analytic sample. The mean SBP across all quartiles was similar (137 - 141 mmHg). There was no association between quartile of SDBP and the primary composite cardiovascular outcome. There was a significant association between quartile of SDBP and incident CKD among those without baseline CKD. Among 3350 participants without baseline CKD and 942 participants with CKD, higher VVV in SBP was independently associated with increased risk of incident albuminuria, regardless of baseline CKD status. This association was robust after adjustment for the number of visits. The interaction between SDBP and the primary intervention was not statistically significant in the no CKD (p=0.11) or CKD groups (p=0.93). Discussion: In this post-hoc analysis of SPRINT, we found that higher VVV in SBP is associated with greater risk of incident albuminuria among non-diabetic adults with and without baseline CKD. This association remained significant after adjustment for numerous potential confounders across follow-up. Our analysis demonstrates a significant association between VVV of SBP and incident albuminuria in patients with and without baseline CKD. This novel finding in an exclusively non-diabetic, hypertensive population deserves further investigation.