cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and performance analysis of a de-coupled solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine hybrid

Abstract Hybrid solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) cycles of varying complexity are widely studied for their potential efficiency, carbon recovery and co-production of chemicals. This study introduces an alternative de-coupled fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid arrangement that retains the high efficiency thermal integration of a topping cycle without the high temperature heat exchanger of a bottoming cycle. The system utilizes a solid-state oxygen transport membrane to divert 30%–50% of the oxygen from the turbine working fluid to the intermediate temperature SOFC. Thermodynamic modeling delineates design trade-offs and identifies a flexible operating regime with peak fuel-to-electric efficiency of 75%. Co-production of electricity and high purity hydrogen result in net energy conversion efficiencies greater than 80%. The potential to retrofit existing turbine systems, particularly micro-turbines and stand-by ‘peaker’ plants, with minimal impact to compressor stability or transient response is a promising pathway to hybrid fuel cell/turbine development that does not require turbomachinery modification.
HCL: Distributing Parallel Data Structures in Extreme Scales

Most parallel programs use irregular control flow and data structures, which are perfect for one-sided communication paradigms such as MPI or PGAS programming languages. However, these environments lack the presence of efficient function-based application libraries that can utilize popular communication fabrics such as TCP, Infinity Band (IB), and RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE). Additionally, there is a lack of high-performance data structure interfaces. We present Hermes Container Library (HCL), a high-performance distributed data structures library that offers high-level abstractions including hash-maps, sets, and queues. HCL uses a RPC over RDMA technology that implements a novel procedural programming paradigm. In this paper, we argue a RPC over RDMA technology can serve as a high-performance, flexible, and co-ordination free backend for implementing complex data structures. Evaluation results from testing real workloads shows that HCL programs are 2x to 12x faster compared to BCL, a state-of-the-art distributed data structure library.
Degrees of Truth

This chapter examines the classical philosophical binaries of truths and lies, philosophy and sophistry. These binaries overstate their case and in their stead, thinking about degrees of truth rather than truths and lies or truth and post-truth obviates potential misunderstanding or judgments. At stake in this reading is the sensitivity required of judging within contexts. This sensitivity incorporates the dialectical and postmodern notion of post-truth as including truths and lies rather than an admission that the quest for truth, however problematic, is altogether relinquished. To think of degrees of hypocrisy in light of degrees of truth refuses the simple and perhaps simple-minded rush to label trivial manifestation of hypocrisy and demands a more nuanced approach to the conditions that may or may not warrant the label of hypocrisy.
The Negative Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Education amongst Medical Students Interested in Plastic Surgery: A Cross-sectional Survey Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unpreceded changes to medical education. Medical students interested in urology and neurosurgery have reported concerns regarding COVID-19's effects on clinical experience and the residency application process;however, the impact amongst students interested in plastic surgery is unknown. We hypothesized that students applying into plastic surgery may experience much distress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An electronic survey was developed by 3 plastic surgery residents and 2 academic plastic surgeons and later refined by 4 fourth-year medical students. Questions focused on medical education curricular changes, perceived impact on medical education, and demographics. From April-May 2020 the survey was distributed to medical students who were interested in plastic surgery. Participants were identified through plastic surgery residency program personnel and social media platforms. Results: In total, 130 of the 140 respondents reported interest in plastic surgery careers. An estimated 67% were in their clinical years or completing research year(s) before residency applications. Of the respondents, 80% believed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on their medical education. Clinical-level students compared with preclinical-level students, and students applying to residency during the 2020-2021 match cycle compared with students not applying during the 2020-2021 match cycle were significantly more likely to perceive the COVID-19 pandemic as having a negative impact on their medical education (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Medical students interested in plastic surgery perceive the COVID-19 pandemic as having a negative impact on their education, likely due to a reduction in clinical exposure. © 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
Synchronization of Coupled Oscillators—Phase Transitions and Entropy Production

Over the last half century, a good understanding of liquid-gas phase transitions and magnetization phase transitions has been developed. After an order parameter, r, is defined, it can be derived how \(r=0\) for \(T>T_c\) and how \(r \propto (T_c - T)^\gamma \) at lowest order for \(T < T_c\). Here T is the temperature and \(T_c\) represents a critical temperature. The value of \(\gamma \) appears to not depend on physical details of the system, but very much on dimensionality. No phase transitions exist for one-dimensional systems. For systems of four or more dimensions, each unit is interacting with sufficiently many neighbors to warrant a mean-field approach. The mean-field approximation leads to \(\gamma = 1/2\). In this article we formulate a realistic, nonequilibrium system of coupled oscillators. Each oscillator moves forward through a cyclic 1D array of n states and the rate at which an oscillator proceeds from state i to state \(i+1\) depends on the populations in states \(i+1\) and \(i-1\). We study how the phase transitions occur from a homogeneous distribution over the states to a clustered distribution. A clustered distribution means that oscillators have synchronized. We define an order parameter and we find that the critical exponent takes on the mean-field value of 1/2 for any number of states n. However, as n increases, the phase transition occurs for ever smaller values of \(T_c\). We present rigorous mathematics and simple approximations to develop an understanding of the phase transitions in this system. We explain why and how the critical exponent value of 1/2 is expected to be robust and we discuss a wet-lab experimental setup to substantiate our findings.
School Psychologists’ Assessment Practices for Students with Co-Occurring Anxiety and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Anxiety and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly co-occur, but school-based assessment practices surrounding identification of co-occurring presentations are not well understood. This study exam...
Interrogating (un)masking in qualitative inquiry at the intersections of critical geographies and spatial justice

In critical and postcritical qualitative research, mainstay practices include those we-as-researchers use to anonymize or mask identifying information about the people, places, and organizations we...
The Progression of Celiac Disease, Diagnostic Modalities, and Treatment Options:

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects genetically predisposed individuals who are sensitive to gluten and related proteins. It affects children and adults with increasing preva...
Stochastic Iwan-Type Model of a Bolted Joint: Formulation and Identification

This paper focuses on the development of a stochastic model of a bolted joint tested experimentally at Sandia National Lab under harmonic excitation and for which the dissipation per cycle and stiffness have been measured at various amplitudes of loading. The applicability of various Iwan-type models for the representation of the measured data is assessed and uncertainty is introduced in one of these models to duplicate the joint to joint variability observed in the test data. The specificities of the uncertainty model and the identification of its parameters are discussed in details.
Does Social Background Influence Political Science Grades

This paper tests a hypothesized linear relationship between social background and final grades in several political science courses that I taught at the University of Central Arkansas. I employ a cross-sectional research design and ordinary least square (OLS) estimators to test the foregoing hypothesis. Relying on a sample of up to 204 undergraduate students that I taught in 2008 and 2009, and controlling for attendance, GPA, gender, test scores, and number of credit hours, I found no linear relationship between social background and grades. A notable finding of this paper is that the social backgrounds of students born to families of lower and moderate education and their political science grades have a curvilinear relationship. In addition, there seems to be no relationship between the social background of students who come from families of higher education and their grades. On the other hand, students' class attendance and GPA seem to have positive influences on their final grades. Gender and students' number of credit hours are not, however, related to students' final grades.
Dos géneros nuevos de Compositae de Colombia

Two new genera of the Senecioneae from Colombia are described, and their relationships with other genera are discussed. A diagnostic key for 14 genera of Senecioneae, known to be found in Colombia is also given. The article is dedicated to the memory of Dr. ENRIQUE PEREZ ARBELAEZ.
The Anatomical Mission to Burma

Until the 1830s, most Americans were unfamiliar with the images of anatomy. Then a small vanguard of reformers and missionaries began to preach, at home and around the world, that an identification with the images and concepts of anatomy was a crucial part of the civilizing process. In his essay, Sappol charts the changes in the perception of self that resulted from this anatomical evangelism. Today, as anatomical images abound in the arts and the media, we still believe that anatomical images show us our inner reality.
Quantitative evaluation of moving target technology

Robust, quantitative measurement of cyber technology is critically needed to measure the utility, impact and cost of cyber technologies. Our work addresses this need by developing metrics and experimental methodology for a particular type of technology, moving target technology. In this paper, we present an approach to quantitative evaluation, including methodology and metrics, results of analysis, simulation and experiments, and a series of lessons learned.
Secure and Privacy-Preserving Information Brokering

In contrast with the situations when the information seeker knows where the needed data is located, a Distributed Information Brokering System (DIBS) needs to help each information seeking query "locate" the corresponding data source(s). Although DIBSs face daunting maintenance challenges, the data source locationing capability is highly desired in many important applications, such as emergence health care. Due to this new capability, existing anonymous communication techniques, such as Chaum Mix and Tor, are no longer sufficient. And the privacy enhancing measures must be integrated with the query routing operations. In this work, we present a flexible and scalable DIBS using a broker-coordinator overlay network. Through a novel automaton segmentation scheme, in-network access control, and query segment encryption, our system integrates security enforcement and query forwarding while preserving system-wide privacy.
Human-directed robot motion/force control for contact tasks in unstructured environments

In assistive robotics for disabled individuals or telerobotics for remote operations, the human user may need to teleoperate a robot in an unstructured environment. Many tasks involve physical contact between the robot end-effector and environment, e.g., cleaning window, opening door, etc. To successfully execute these tasks, force control is required in the constrained direction together with position control in the complementary direction. In this paper, we consider the problem of human-directed position/force control of robot end-effector interacting with the environment with unknown or uncertain geometry and stiffness. The human user supplies the motion command for the end-effector, while the contact force is autonomously regulated. We assume that the contact force between the robot end-effector and the environment may be measured, but the exact geometric relationship is not available. The measured contact force is used to determine if the robot is in the free space mode or the contact mode. In the free space mode, the user command translates to the end-effector position or velocity. In the contact mode, the user input in the unconstrained direction specifies the motion, while the input in the constrained direction, as determined by the measured contact force, changes the force setpoint. To avoid chattering around the constraint boundary, the transition between the free space mode and contact mode is governed by a hysteresis function with the measured contact force as the input. The proposed approach is implemented on the dual-arm Baxter robot mounted on a mobile base. In the experiment demonstration, a human user commands the mobile manipulator to erase the letters on a white board. For thorough board erasure, sufficient normal force needs to be applied. We show that the user can easily adjust the force setpoint while commanding the end effector motion to successfully execute the task.
Two inverse-of-N-free methods for A M , N †

Abstract We develop a new representation for the weighted Moore–Penrose inverse A M , N † of a matrix A . From this novel expression, we develop a Gauss–Jordan elimination method and a QR-based method for the computation of A M , N † . One major feature of our methods is that they do not need to compute the inverse of N . Thus, the new methods are less sensitive than the traditional Q-method on the conditioning of N . The former is suitable for computing the generalized inverses of matrices of low order “by hand” and the latter is efficient and robust for matrices of high order. Preliminary numerical testing indicates that the QR-based method is faster than the Matlab’s pinv function for A † .
Natural transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine

This experiment was designed to study the natural transmission of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine. Forty pigs were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 12) was challenged with 10(8) CFU of S. choleraesuis per ml by intranasal inoculation. One day postinoculation (p.i.), group 2 (n = 24) was commingled with group 1. Group 3 (n = 4) served as uninoculated controls. Serum samples were collected weekly. Blastogenesis assays and necropsies were performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 weeks p.i., and 16 tissue samples per pig were collected and cultured. Environmental (pooled feces from the pen floor) levels of S. choleraesuis were 2.61 log10 CFU/g of feces at 24 h p.i. (immediately prior to commingling). Severe clinical signs were observed in groups 1 and 2. The results indicated that at least 16% of group 2 pigs were shedding S. choleraesuis within 24 h of commingling. At 1 week p.i., 32 of 32 group 1 and 39 of 62 group 2 tissue samples were positive for S. choleraesuis. Only 3 of 12 group 2 pigs were positive at 6, 9, and 12 weeks (1 pig for each week), indicating that only a small proportion of infected swine become long-term carriers. At 12 weeks p.i., only the colon and colonic lymph node samples of one pig from group 2 were positive. Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses were similar between groups 1 and 2. These data demonstrate that a few pigs shedding low levels of Salmonella organisms before slaughter can result in rapid transmission and subsequent shedding by many swine.
Early Neolithic, the First Farmers in Europe, 7000–5500/5000 BC

In most of Europe the Neolithic is defined as the time segment starting with the appearance of farming communities and lasting until the appearance of bronze metallurgy, which marks the beginning of the Bronze Age. The east Baltic, Belarus, and Russian Neolithic however is defined by the appearance of pottery and polished stone tools (Gimbutas 1956, Dolukhanov 1979, Rimantienė 1996, Dolukhanov et al. 2005). Zhilin (2000:287) has pointed out that if the Neolithic were defined by the presence of farming, then there would be no Neolithic in the forest zone of eastern Europe.
The Supreme Court and School Health Services: Cedar Rapids v. Garret F.

On March 3, 1999, the U.S. Supreme Court announced its decision in Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F. During the school day, Garret required the services of a specially trained nurse to attend to his health needs. The school district, believing that they were not obligated under the IDEA to provide continuous one-on-one nursing care, refused to provide the services. The Supreme Court held that the school district had to pay for the nursing services Garret required when he was at school. This article analyzes the Supreme Court's ruling in this case and offers recommendations for educators and school administrators regarding the provision of complex health services to medically fragile students in special education.
Welfare effects of liberalization reforms with distortions in financial and labor markets

Abstract Liberalization can have ambiguous effects on welfare and produce unexpected macroeconomic changes because of conflicting effects stemming from distortions in other markets both within the same period and across time. This approach presents a two-period intertemporal model of a small open economy to examine the welfare effects of removing one distortion (financial repression, tariffs) while others (wage and price rigidity) remain in place. The equilibrium conditions from this model are used to derive welfare effects of various liberalization policies and to determine optimal levels of the policy variables.
Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston: The Common Bond

"The Call and the Response" Introduction: Alice and Zora: The Call and the Response by Lillie P. Howard Zora Neale Hurston: A Cautionary Tale and a Partisan View by Alice Walker Settling the Dust: Tracking Zora Through Alice Walker's "The Revenge of Hannah Kemhuff" by Mary L. Navarro and Mary H. Sims Our People, Our People by Trudier Harris Their Eyes Were Watching God and The Color Purple A Sense of Wonder: The Pattern for Psychic Survival in Their Eyes Were Watching God and The Color Purple by Alice Fannin "That Which the Soul Lives By": Spirituality in the Works of Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker by Mary Ann Wilson Redemption Through Redemption of the Self in Their Eyes Were Watching God and The Color Purple by Emma Waters Dawson Women and Words: Articulating the Self in Their Eyes Were Watching God and The Color Purple by Valerie Babb "The Humming": Expanding the Connections to Other Works by Walker and Hurston Searching for Zora in Alice's Garden: Rites of Passage in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and Walker's The Third Life of Grange Copeland by JoAnne Cornwell-Giles Dynamics of Change: Men and Co-Feeling in the Fiction of Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker by Anne Folwell Stanford Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker: A Transcendent Relationship--Jonah's Gourd Vine and The Color Purple by Ayana Karanja Benediction Selected Bibliography Index
Sociometric status and peer group dynamics.

The internal consistency of the rating sociometric technique commonly used to assess children who might be prone to interpersonal problems later on was determined. The findings question, the use of global indices of sociometric ratings in the examination of preschool peer interactions because they might mask important information about individual dimensions of friendships.
Accomplishments from 9.5 years of AMSR-E observations

The retrieved atmospheric parameters using the observations from AMSR-E on Aqua are used primarily in climate research as well as in atmospheric models used in weather forecasting. This JAXA instrument performed exceptionally well for more than three times its design lifetime. Images of all retrieved atmospheric parameters will be shown, and examples of the science performed with the data will be given. A final algorithm update and data reprocessing will ensure the best quality products are archived at NSIDC for future research.
Modeling and analysis of parasitic resistance in double gate FinFETs

A comprehensive model is presented to analyze the 3D source-drain resistance of undoped double gated FinFETs. The model incorporates the contribution of the spreading resistance, sheet resistance and the contact resistance. The spreading resistance is modeled using a standard 2D model generalized to 3D. The contact resistance is modeled by generalizing the 1D tranmission line model to 2D and 3D with appropriate boundary conditions. The model is compared to S/D resistance determined from 3D device simulations. We show excellent agreement between our model and the simulations.
Percutaneous renal biopsy in the 1990s: safety, value, and implications for early hospital discharge.

To determine the parameters associated with significant bleeding and to examine the value of performing a renal biopsy, we studied 83 consecutive patients, including 24 renal allograft recipients, who had undergone percutaneous renal biopsy. The patients were stratified into four groups according to the percentage of decline in their hematocrit (Hct) at 24 hours postbiopsy, as follows: 10% or greater (n = 21; 25%) and less than 10% decline (n = 62; 75%). The latter group was further subgrouped into 5% to 10% (n = 22) and less than 5% decline (n = 40). There was a significant decline in Hct postbiopsy, with a linear correlation between the decrease in Hct at 6 and 24 hours (R2 = 0.47; P 10% decline in Hct) and the number of passes or cores obtained. Gross hematuria and blood transfusion requirement were each encountered in three patients (3.6%). Importantly, the prebiopsy clinical diagnosis was altered in 18 of 59 native kidney biopsies (33%) and 10 of 24 transplant biopsies (41%). We conclude that percutaneous renal biopsy using an automated spring-loaded gun device coupled with ultrasound guidance is a safe technique and provides essential clinical information. Importantly, patients with a stable Hct at 6 hours were at low risk for bleeding at 24 hours while hospitalized. It remains to be determined if these findings could be extrapolated to early discharge from hospital.
Putative identification of expressed genes associated with attachment of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)

Because of its aggressive growth and firm attachment to substrata, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has caused severe economic and ecological problems since its invasion into North America. The nature and details of attachment of this nuisance mollusc remains largely unexplored. Byssus, a special glandular apparatus located at the root of the foot of the mussel produces threads and plates through which firm attachment of the mollusc to underwater objects takes place. In an attempt to better understand the adhesion mechanism of the zebra mussel, the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) assay was employed to produce a cDNA library with genes unique to the foot of the mussel. Analysis of the SSH cDNA library revealed the presence of 750 new expressed sequence tags (ESTs) including 304 contigs and 446 singlets. Using BLAST search, 365 zebra mussel ESTs showed homology to other gene sequences with putative functions. The putative functions of the homologues included proteins involved in byssal thread formation in zebra and blue mussels, exocrine gland secretion, host defence, and house keeping. The generated data provide, for the first time, some useful insights into the foot structure of the zebra mussel and its underwater adhesion.
A preliminary evaluation of verifiability in Ada

In this paper we examine Ada with regard to program verification and make certain suggestions towards writing potentially provable Ada programs. We attempt to isolate and discuss those features of Ada which are not susceptible to current verification techniques. From verifiability considerations, the most critical features in Ada appear to be those which deal with data sharing under concurrent processing, direct referencing of non-local variables, access variables, “approximate” data-types, and generic program units. The independence of program units along with well defined interfaces for interactions is presented as desirable not only from software engineering aspects but also from the formal proof considerations. However, the possibility of having a large number of variables, potentially sharable among concurrent processes, is likely to make the proofs of Ada programs unmanageable. It is asserted, however, that with a certain discipline on the programmer verifiable programs can be written in Ada.
Analysis, Design and Construction of Complex Concrete Structures for the Water Treatment Industry

The design and construction of concrete water treatment and storage structures in Australia has catered for the existing markets. The next generation of these structures needs a more sophisticated approach. Engineers who analyse and design water treatment plants, or water and liquid storage structures, as well as other complex reinforced and pre-stressed concrete structures, will find this paper of interest. Advanced water treatment plants and water factories for recycling domestic and industrial waste water have introduced new complexities into concrete tank design. Two recently constructed Australian water purifying plants provide examples of the theoretical and practical challenges of designing and constructing the large and complex process vessels required by modern plants to produce large volumes of high-quality water.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of 2-azidoethyl-ganglio-oligosaccharides GD3, GT3, GM2, GD2, GT2, GM1, and GD1a.

Abstract We have synthesized several ganglio-oligosaccharide structures using glycosyltransferases from Campylobacter jejuni . The enzymes, α-(2→3/8)-sialyltransferase (Cst-II), β-(1→4)- N -acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (CgtA), and β-(1→3)-galactosyltransferase (CgtB), were produced in large-scale fermentation from Escherichia coli and further characterized based on their acceptor specificities. 2-Azidoethyl-glycosides corresponding to the oligosaccharides of GD3 (α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→8)-α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→3)-β- D -Gal p -(1→4)-β- D -Glc p -), GT3 (α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→8)-α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→8)-α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→3)-β- D -Gal p -(1→4)-β- D -Glc p -), GM2 (β- D -Gal p NAc-(1→4)-[α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→3)]-β- D -Gal p -(1→4)-β- D -Glc p -), GD2 (β- D -Gal p NAc-(1→4)-[α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→8)-α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→3)]-β- D -Gal p -(1→4)-β- D -Glc p -), GT2 (β- D -Gal p NAc-(1→4)-[α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→8)-α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→8)-α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→3)]-β- D -Gal p -(1→4)-β- D -Glc p -), and GM1 (β- D -Gal p -(1→3)-β- D -Gal p NAc-(1→4)-[α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→3)]-β- D -Gal p -(1→4)-β- D -Glc p -) were synthesized in high yields (gram-scale). In addition, a mammalian α-(2→3)-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal I) was used to sialylate GM1 and generate GD1a (α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→3)-β- D -Gal p -(1→3)-β- D -Gal p NAc-(1→4)-[α- D -Neu p 5Ac-(2→3)]-β- D -Gal p -(1→4)-β- D -Glc p -) oligosaccharide. We also cloned and expressed a rat UDP- N -acetylglucosamine-4′epimerase (GalNAcE) in E. coli AD202 cells for cost saving in situ conversion of less expensive UDP-GlcNAc to UDP-GalNAc.
Kohn-Sham theory for ground-state ensembles.

An electron density distribution $n(\mathbf{r})$ which can be represented by that of a single-determinant ground state of noninteracting electrons in an external potential $v(\mathbf{r})$ is called pure-state $v$-representable (P-VR). Most physical electronic systems are P-VR. Systems which require a weighted sum of several such determinants to represent their density are called ensemble $v$-representable (E-VR). This paper develops formal Kohn-Sham equations for E-VR physical systems, using the appropriate coupling constant integration. It also derives local density- and generalized gradient approximations, and conditions and corrections specific to ensembles.
Seasonal effectiveness of a constructed wetland for processing milkhouse wastewater

Constructed wetlands are gainign increased attention for treatment of nonpoint source pollution. Although constructed wetlands have been used for wastewater treatment in warm climates, their performance in cold climates has been questioned. A surface-flow wetland, designed to treat 2.65 m3d−1 of milkhouse wastewater, was constructed on the University of Connecticut’s Storrs campus in 1994. The purpose of the project was to determine the efficiency of the system to reduce nutrients, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), bacteria, and total suspended solids and to reduce fecal coliform bacteria. During the first ten months of operation, outflow volume was 90% of inflow. Although the wetland was designed to process a BOD5 loading rate of 1500 mg/L, the average actual loading rate was 3000 mg/L. The overall percent mass retention of total suspended solids was 45% and for nutrients was 28%, 27%, 47%, and 6%, for total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl-N, nitrate-N, and ammonia-N, respectively. The percent reduction of fecal coliform and BOD5 was 31% and 28% respectively. Mass retention was significantly greater (p < 0.05) during the growing season than during plant senescence for total suspended solids, total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl, ammonia, and nitrate/nitrite nitrogen. Effluent ammonia nitrogen concentrations often exceeded influent values during the winter. Preliminary indications are that the treatment of the wastewater does not meet design standards, especially in the winter, probably due to overloading of BOD5.
The effects of potentiators and of anticholinesterases on the kinetics of calcium uptake by isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum from the lobster and the rat

Abstract 1. 1. Ca 2+ uptake by vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum from lobster and rat muscle was measured spectrophotometrically. 2. 2. Uptake follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 3. 3. The activation energy for uptake is about 3400 cal. per mole Ca 2+ . 4. 4. Lobster preparations contain a specific acetylcholinesterase and Ca 2+ uptake is inhibited by anticholinesterases; however, much more inhibitor is needed to block transport than to depress enzyme activity. 5. 5. Caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of Ca 2+ uptake, but the inhibition is probably not sufficient to account for the action of caffeine on intact muscle. 6. 6. Rat and lobster vesicles are remarkably similar in their kinetics and in their response to inhibitors.
Acquisition and Generalization of Unsupervised Responding: A Descriptive Analysis

This descriptive study examined the unsupervised responding of a young man with profound handicaps and a lifelong history of dependence. Two objectives were pursued: (a) to establish independent, u...
Tongbian: A Chinese Strand of Thought

Etude de la specificite de la pensee correlative (tongbian) dans la tradition chinoise. Examinant les notions de relation analogique et d'evenement, l'A. montre que la metaphore de la porte, ouverte et fermee, permet de determiner certains types de correlations dans la continuite de l'etre humain.
Epitaxial growth and properties of thin film oxides

Oxide film growth by molecular beam epitaxy for the purpose of preparing metal oxides for surface science studies is discussed and reviewed. Critical issues such as the choice of oxidizing gas, the selection of substrates, crystal symmetry and lattice match, interface chemistry, and the relationship of these issues to the materials science of oxide-on-metal and oxide-on-oxide film growth are discussed. Recent work on the growth of select, representative oxides that span the ranges of crystal structure, metal oxidation state, and stoichiometry is reviewed and used to illustrate the basic materials science.
Unscheduled DNA synthesis at low X-ray doses.

Abstract Studies on the kinetics of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human lymphocytes following high radiation doses ( Radiation Res. , 1969, 39, pp. 400–412) have been extended to the dose range of 600–2400 rad. As in the case of the high doses, the data can be modeled in terms of a single enzyme system. There are, however, differences; at high doses the ratio of radiation-induced substrate (lesions) to enzyme is much greater than 1 and a Michaelis Menten plot of the data is possible. Below 1000 rad, this ratio appears to be less than 1 and consequently the Michaelis Menten plot breaks down. In the dose range of 600–2400 rad, the data are represented in terms of a dose-dependent rate constant. The rate constant increases as the dose decreases from 2400 to about 1000 rad and then reaches a constant value of 3 h −1 which corresponds to a half-life of about 14 min. Under the assumption of a single enzyme system, the high-dose data and low-dose data can be used together to obtain an estimate of the average number of enzymes per lymphocyte. A value of 10–20 thousand enzyme units per cell is obtained. This is equivalent to 1 enzyme unit per 2 to 4·10 8 dalton of DNA. At low doses, the amount of exogenous thymidine (TdR) incorporated as a result of radiation-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis amounts to 6 molecules of TdR/rad/cell at saturated concentration of exogenous TdR (about 5 μM ). Coupled with the enzyme model, this amounts to approximately 10–20 lesions per rad or that 1 or 2 nucleotides are incorporated per lesion.
Traffic, Air Pollution, and Health

This paper discusses emerging information on exposure to air pollution from traffic and health and raises two key questions with regard to the impact of traffic on public health: 1) is there sufficient evidence to infer that traffic is causing adverse health effects, and; 2) what is the magnitude of the adverse impact of traffic on health? Topics addressed include characterization of exposure to traffic-related pollutants; the findings of epidemiological studies to date; and investigative approaches and the related challenges—including bias, model-based conclusions, and sample size issues—in characterizing the health effects of air pollution from traffic. Also considered are the known health effects of two of the major pollutants produced by vehicle exhaust—particles and ozone. The evidence points to traffic as a threat to public health that will be managed with great difficulty; however, more research is needed to refine our understanding of the health consequences of traffic exposures and as a basis for...
Abstract P6-01-01: Diet-induced obesity increases tumor growth and promotes angiogenesis in a murine model of breast cancer

Recent epidemiological studies provide strong evidence suggesting obesity is a risk factor in several cancers, including breast cancer. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which obesity increases the risk of breast cancer are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of diet-induced obesity on breast carcinogenesis in the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer model. Four-week old, female mice (n = 40) were randomized to high fat (HFD) or low fat (LFD) diets for 8 weeks. Body weights were obtained weekly and mice were imaged for mammary tumor volumes by 3D ultrasound. Tumor burden was collected during early and late stages, weighed and fixed for immunohistochemical staining. Blood and tissue from the liver, lung, and mesenteric fat were also collected. We also compared the basal VEGF protein expression in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and mammary tumors from MMTV-PyMT mice and compared these levels against background nontransgenic FVB/N mice. Average tumor volumes and tumor burdens were markedly greater in the mice fed HFD than in LFD and showed an increased number of metastases to the lung by 2-fold. HFD increased mammary cell proliferation and elevated Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in the blood, tumor beds and adipose tissue. Histopathological analysis showed more tumor-associated macrophages and increased microvessel density with diet-induced obesity. Significantly more crown-like structures were evident in adipose tissue from obese mice at both early and late stage carcinoma. Adipose tissue of MMTV-PyMT mice exhibited greater VEGF protein expression compared to adipose tissue of control FVB mice, and greater VEGF protein compared to tumor VEGF expression. Our findings demonstrate that diet-induced obesity exacerbates breast cancer progression in MMTV-PyMT mice and suggests that high body adiposity caused by diet-induced changes promotes an inflammatory and angiogenic phenotype in breast cancer. NIH P20 RR016440, P30 R032138 and GM103488, and P20 RR016477. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-01-01.
Environmental scan: influence on strategic direction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer the environmental scan as a valued tool for the facilities management (FM) operation to assist in determining strategic direction.Design/methodology/approach – After defining the environmental scan, its usefulness is explored from the perspective of a single case study public institution FM organisation. Once the information is captured, the potential analysis and value is discussed.Findings – The environmental scan is seen as a valuable tool in the FM organisation to solicit input from both the institution's administration and the customer community leaders. Through this analysis, the FM organisation can refine its strategic direction by determining what it is doing well, what it should investigate doing, and what it should consider to stop doing.Research limitations/implications – The single case study does raise the issue of generalisability. However, given the nature of what can be gained from qualitative research, the reader is cautioned to take into ac...
Lack of seasonal variation in the births of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Abstract Seasonal variation in the birth rates of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) was investigated in 150 patients, aged 42–88 years, and in 132 normal control subjects of comparable age and gender. No seasonal variation or cyclic trend could be demonstrated in the DAT patients compared with control subjects. The exclusion from the analysis of the patients with a positive family history did not change the results of the study, which further suggests that a seasonality in DAT birth rates is unlikely.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF DUMP PACKING ON WALL TO FLUIDIZED BED HEAT TRANSFER

Abstract : The improvements in the performance of gas-fluidized beds to be gained from the introduction of baffles or packing pieces have been discussed in the literature. The work described herein is a quite comprehensive experimental investigation of the effect of many types of dump packings on the rate of wall-to-bed heat transfer. Several commercially available packings as well as cylindrical screen packings produced in this laboratory were employed. A 12-in. diameter bed was used so that the work would give an indication of the effects occurring in larger-scale equipment. (Author)
The Marginal Effect of New Deal Relief Work on County-Level Unemployment Statistics

This article uses 1937 and 1940 Census data to estimate the effect that hiring an additional relief worker in a county had on unemployment statistics for that county. The fundamental estimation problem arises because one cannot easily control for economic conditions that influenced both the number of individuals holding relief jobs and the number counted as jobless.
Oxidation Effects in a Freeze‐Dried Gelatin‐Methyl Linoleate System

SUMMARY– We studied oxidation of a freeze-dried model system consisting of methyl linoleate and gelatin by incubating the model system in air at 50°C for up to 10 days in the dry state or at controlled relative humidities. Incubation for 5-10 days caused a drop in the viscosity of gelatin solutions, an increase in the solubility of gelatin in ethanol-rich solvent mixtures, an increase in the retention time of gelatin on a Sephadex G-150 column, and a reduction in the melting point of a standard gelatin gel. There were no such changes in the viscosity and solubility properties of gelatin when incubation was at a relative humidity of approximately 60%. In some instances, incubation at high relative humidity led to partial insolubilization of gelatin in water or in acetate buffer. The oxidation effects in the dry state were consistent with the hypothesis that gelatin undergoes oxidative degradation. The effects of oxidation showed similarities to effects of ionizing radiations.
Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of TNP-470, an angiogenesis inhibitor, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with solid tumors

Preclinical studies have demonstrated a synergistic effect with the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 and several cytotoxic agents. A recent clinical trial with the combination of paclitaxel and TNP-470 has shown promising effects. The present study was designed to determine the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in combination with TNP-470 in comparison with the doublet regimen of paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with solid tumors. Enrolled in the study were 17 patients with lung (11), head/neck (3), sarcoma (2) and thymoma (1). The patients received intravenous paclitaxel and carboplatin on day 1 followed by TNP-470 (60 mg/m2 i.v. over 1 h administered thrice weekly on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). Each cycle of therapy consisted of 3 weeks. The initial cohort of three patients received carboplatin at AUC 5 mg/ml×min. No dose-limiting toxic effects occurred, thus the subsequent cohort received carboplatin at AUC 6 mg/ml×min. In addition to toxicity, the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin were evaluated, and tumor response and patient survival rates were assessed. The administered regimen of paclitaxel (225 mg/m2 i.v. over 3 h) and carboplatin (AUC 6 mg/ml×min i.v. over 1 h) on day 1 followed by TNP-470 (60 mg/m2 i.v. over 1 h administered thrice weekly on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) was defined as both the maximum tolerated and optimal dose. Hematological toxic effects were similar to those expected with the chemotherapy doublet. All neurocognitive impairments were graded as mild to moderate and reversed after discontinuation of TNP-470 administration. No alterations in the pharmacokinetic disposition of carboplatin were noted. Overall, the median survival duration was 297 days. Four patients (24%) had a partial response, and eight (47%) had stable disease. The combination of TNP-470, paclitaxel, and carboplatin is a reasonably well tolerated regimen. Further randomized studies of TNP-470 with this doublet regimen are now warranted for non-small-cell lung carcinoma and other solid tumors.
Longwave Infrared Snapshot Imaging Spectropolarimeter

Restricted on deposit, 19 Sept 2013, kc / Released with permission of the author, 19 Nov 2013, kc
Laser moiré interferometry for fatigue life prediction of lead-free solders

A laser moire interferometry based technique to predict the fatigue life of Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu solder joints in a plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package when subjected to a typical accelerated thermal cycling (ATC) loading has been presented in this paper. The fatigue life is estimated by measuring the in-plane strains in the solder joints at various temperatures. The methodology can be used to predict the reliability of the package in a matter of few days as opposed to many months taken by an actual ATC test. The technique can be extended to include multiple temperature regimes in a single experimental setup thereby making it possible to estimate the fatigue life of solder joints when subjected to various ATC loading profiles in a very short duration.
Three-Dimensional High-Density Hierarchical Nanowire Architecture for High-Performance Photoelectrochemical Electrodes

Three-dimensional (3D) nanowire (NW) networks are promising for designing high-performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrodes owing to their long optical path for efficient light absorption, high-quality one-dimensional conducting channels for rapid electron–hole separation and charge transportation, as well as high surface areas for fast interfacial charge transfer and electrochemical reactions. By growing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods (NRs) uniformly on dense Si NW array backbones, we demonstrated a novel three-dimensional high-density heterogeneous NW architecture that could enhance photoelectrochemical efficiency. A 3D NW architecture consisting of 20 μm long wet-etched Si NWs and dense TiO2 NRs yielded a photoelectrochemical efficiency of 2.1%, which is three times higher than that of TiO2 film-Si NWs having a core–shell structure. This result suggests that the 3D NW architecture is superior to straight NW arrays for PEC electrode design. The efficiency could be further improved by optimizing t...
Confidence and prediction intervals for semiparametric mixed-effect least squares support vector machine

We consider estimating the confidence and prediction intervals for semiparametric mixed-effect least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). Explicit formulas are derived for confidence and prediction intervals. The accuracy of the derived analytical equations is assessed by comparing with wild cluster bootstrap-t method on simulated and real-world data with different levels of random-effect and residual variances, and different numbers of clusters. Close match between the derived expressions and the bootstrap results is observed.
Comment: Menstrual Cycle Fluctuations in Women’s Mate Preferences:

We applaud Wood, Kressel, Joshi, and Louie’s (2014) careful, nuanced meta-analysis. The evolutionary hypotheses designed to explain menstrual cycle fluctuations in mate preferences are convoluted a...
A summary of numerical methods for time-dependent advection-dominated partial differential equations

Abstract We give a brief summary of numerical methods for time-dependent advection-dominated partial differential equations (PDEs), including first-order hyperbolic PDEs and nonstationary advection–diffusion PDEs. Mathematical models arising in porous medium fluid flow are presented to motivate these equations. It is understood that these PDEs also arise in many other important fields and that the numerical methods reviewed apply to general advection-dominated PDEs. We conduct a brief historical review of classical numerical methods, and a survey of the recent developments on the Eulerian and characteristic methods for time-dependent advection-dominated PDEs. The survey is not comprehensive due to the limitation of its length, and a large portion of the paper covers characteristic or Eulerian–Lagrangian methods.
Academic in-sourcing: international postdoctoral employment and new modes of academic production

International postdoctoral researchers are growing in number and importance in academic research around the world. This is contextualised by a shift to international and enterprise modes of academic production. Through a multiple case study, this paper analyses the role of international postdoctoral employment in life sciences and engineering fields at universities in the United States and the United Kingdom. In doing so particular attention is given to understanding why there are increasing numbers of postdocs from abroad working in these fields and countries, and the ways in which international postdoctorates are incorporated into research laboratories and projects. International postdoctoral employment appears driven by the same factors in the US and UK but is related to different modes of academic production. The findings of this study have implications for research on academic labour, and the organisation of academic production.