cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The pair density description of aromaticity in some substituted cyclopentadienyl systems: a comparison of AIM and ELF bonding descriptors

Abstract Calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)//MP2(FC)/6-31+G(d,p) level of the atoms-in-molecules interbasin pair numbers were carried out for a number of substituted cyclopentadienyl five-membered rings and compared to the electron localization function (ELF) bond basin populations. A smooth correlation is found for the formally single C–C bond pair number with the corresponding homomolecular–homodesmotic resonance energy, as was previously been shown for the ELF bond basin numbers. The two measures of bonding are essentially equal for the non-polar C–C bond, but this is shown to be an exception rather than a rule, the situation being more complex when bonds are polar and/or lone pairs are nearby.
Effects of temperature, poststaining rinses and ethanol-butanol dehydrating mixtures on methyl green-pyronin staining.

Methyl green GA (Chroma) and pyronin GS (Chroma) were used. Procedure recommended: Stain for 1 hr at 37 C in a purified 0.5% aqueous methyl green, buffered to pH 4.1 with Walpoles acetate buffer, and containing 0.2% pyronin; rinse for 1-2 sec in ice-cold distilled water; blot sections evenly, and rinse with vigorous agitation in t-butanol; dehydrate in 2 changes of t-butanol for 5 min each; clear in xylene and mount. This technique results in a consistent staining pattern for qualitative nucleic acid differentiation, whereas older methods have been only partly satisfactory. Rinsing in ice-cold water is a critical step; t-butanol was superior to n-butanol and to ethanol-butanol mixtures for dehydration. Staining at 25-27 C is feasible hut less effective.
Substrate-induced membrane potential changes in the perfused rat liver.

In the hemoglobin-free perfused liver, administration of pyruvate, lactate fructose, alanine and palmitate elicited a sustained hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. In contrast, glucose, galactose, lysine, acetate or α-aminoisobutyric acid had no effect on the membrane potential. The pattern of the substrate induced hyperpolarization was different from glucagon- or cyclic AMP-induced hyperpolarization in the onset and duration of the response and ouabain sensitivity. The effect of cyclic AMP (5 · 10-4 M) on membrane potential was additive to the effect of the hyperpolarizing substrates and seems to involve a mechanism different from the substrate-induced potential changes.
Imide-aryl ether benzothiazole copolymers

Imide-aryl ether benzothiazole random copolymers were investigated. A new diamine containing preformed benzothiazole rings was prepared by a thiazole activated nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The synthesis involved the reaction of 2,6-(bis(4-fluorophenyl))benzo[1,2,4,5]bisthiazole with 3-aminophenol in the presence of K2CO3 in N-methylprrolidone (NMP) to afford bis(3-aminophenoxy)phenylbenzo [1,2,4,5]bisthiazole in high yield. This new diamine was readily purified and co-reacted with various compositions of 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) producing a series of imide-ary ether benzothiazole random copolymers. Films were cast and cured (350°C) to effect imidization, affording tough films with moduli significantly higher than PMDA/ODA polyimide. The thermal stability of the copolymers was good with thermal decomposition temperatures in the 480 to 510°C range, and the thermal expansion coefficients were lower than PMDA/ODA polymide and in the 25–30 ppm range.
An Experimental Model Combining Microdialysis with Electrophysiology, Histology, and Neurochemistry for Exploring Mechanisms of Secondary Damage in Spinal Cord Injury: Effects of Potassium

ABSTRACT An experimental model for characterizing effects of agents suspected to cause damge secondary to spinal cord injury is presented. Microdialysis was used to administer candidate damaging ag...
Femtosecond laser astigmatic keratotomy for postkeratoplasty astigmatism

Abstract Case report: Two eyes of 2 patients with high astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty were treated with femtosecond laser-assisted paired arcuate keratotomies in the donor cornea. Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, refraction, keratometry, and topographic findings. The preoperative cylinder was 8.5 diopters (D) in the first case and 7.0 D in the second case. Respectively, the postoperative cylinder improved to 4.9 D after a follow-up of 8 months and to 4.3 D after a follow-up of 7 months. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/30 in the first case and from 20/200 to 20/60 in the second case. No complications were encountered; no microperforations were observed, and neither graft rejection nor failure occurred. Comments: The results of astigmatic keratotomy performed with femtosecond laser were reliable and predictable. Femtosecond astigmatic keratotomy may prove to be a safe procedure with satisfactory results.
Evaluating the Effect of Ionic Strength on Duplex Stability for PNA Having Negatively or Positively Charged Side Chains

The enhanced thermodynamic stability of PNA:DNA and PNA:RNA duplexes compared with DNA:DNA and DNA:RNA duplexes has been attributed in part to the lack of electrostatic repulsion between the uncharged PNA backbone and negatively charged DNA or RNA backbone. However, there are no previously reported studies that systematically evaluate the effect of ionic strength on duplex stability for PNA having a charged backbone. Here we investigate the role of charge repulsion in PNA binding by synthesizing PNA strands having negatively or positively charged side chains, then measuring their duplex stability with DNA or RNA at varying salt concentrations. At low salt concentrations, positively charged PNA binds more strongly to DNA and RNA than does negatively charged PNA. However, at medium to high salt concentrations, this trend is reversed, and negatively charged PNA shows higher affinity for DNA and RNA than does positively charged PNA. These results show that charge screening by counterions in solution enables negatively charged side chains to be incorporated into the PNA backbone without reducing duplex stability with DNA and RNA. This research provides new insight into the role of electrostatics in PNA binding, and demonstrates that introduction of negatively charged side chains is not significantly detrimental to PNA binding affinity at physiological ionic strength. The ability to incorporate negative charge without sacrificing binding affinity is anticipated to enable the development of PNA therapeutics that take advantage of both the inherent benefits of PNA and the multitude of charge-based delivery technologies currently being developed for DNA and RNA.
Global Trends, State-Specific Factors and Regime Transitions, 1825-1993

If democratic states are significantly less conflict prone in their relationships with each other than are pairs of states involving at least one autocratic regime, then global trends in regime transitions have important implications for international politics. Analysts of international politics, then, might fruitfully pay increased attention to such global trends. Predominant approaches to regime transitions emphasize differences between regime changes, and the impact of internal factors specific to the states in which they take place. An alternative approach focuses on similarities in transitions, connections between them, and their possibly common origins in the global environment. The relative strengths of statespecific factors and systemic environmental forces can be inferred from a comprehensive empirical analysis of regime transitions at the global level. Such an analysis of the average level of democracy in all the states in the international system over the last 170 years suggests that the balance of system level forces has had an important impact on global trends in regime transitions. However, a partitioning of variance in data on regime transitions in each of the states of the international system from 1825 to 1993 also reveals that simultaneous similar changes in the levels of democracy have been much less common than dissimilar changes toward or away from democracy.
Vector-valued orthogonal wavelets

In this research, we introduce vector-valued multiresolution analysis and vector-valued wavelets for vector-valued signal spaces. We construct vector-valued wavelets by using paraunitary vector filter bank theory. In particular, we construct vector-valued Meyer wavelets that are band-limited. We classify and construct vector-valued wavelets with sampling property. As an application of vector-valued wavelets, multiwavelets can be constructed from vector-valued wavelets. We show that certain linear combinations of known scalar-valued wavelets may yield multiwavelets. We then present discrete vector wavelet transforms for discrete-time vector-valued (or blocked) signals, which can be thought of as a family of unitary vector transforms. In applications of vector wavelet transforms in two dimensional transform theory, the nonseparability can be easily handled.
Linker Histone Structural Transitions Upon Binding to DNA, Mononucleosomes, and Oligonucleosomal Arrays

Linker histones are multi-functional proteins that stabilize higher order chromatin structure and play a direct role in regulating gene expression. However the mechanism(s) by which H1s fulfill these disparate functions is unclear. Metazoan linker histones (H1s) exibit a three-domain structure including a short N-terminal domain, a conserved globular domain and an extended C-terminal domain (CTD). While the globular domain is responsible for nucleosome-specific recognition and binding, the chromatin-condensing functionality is primarily contained within the CTD. This domain is unstructured in aqueous solution but peptides derived from various H1 CTDs acquire secondary structures in presence of helix-stabilizing solvents and other conditions thought to mimic the native chromatin environment. We employed FRET to characterize potential structural transitions within the CTD upon binding of H1 to nucleosomes and other native binding targets. Our results indicate a significant condensation of the CTD, consistent with folding of this domain, upon nucleosome binding (Caterino et al., 2011 MCB 31:2341). Importantly, significant differences in both intra- and inter-molecular FRET efficiencies indicate that H1 binds in a fundamentally different manner to linear DNA compared to nucleosomes (Fang, Clark and Hayes, 2012 NAR 40:1475). Likewise, CTD structure appears distinct when H1 is bound to nucleosomes with oliogonucleosomal arrays, where each nucleosome binding site is flanked by authentic linker DNA connecting adjacent nucleosomes. These results support a model in which H1 CTD undergoes a disordered->ordered transition upon binding nucleosomes, DNA, and nucleosome arrays and adopts distinct structures dependent on the particular macromolecular binding partner.
Expression of Distal-less in molluscan eggs, embryos, and larvae.

SUMMARYDistal-less (Dll ) is best known as a transcription factor involved with “limb patterning” in Drosophila melanogaster. Observations of both deuterostome and protostome phyla have led to the suggestion that some aspect of this gene's function in “appendage” or proximal–distal “outgrowth” development is conserved. Here we explore the possibility of other conserved roles operating earlier in development. We examine the expression of DLL protein during the early development of two molluscan classes, Polyplacophora (chiton) and Gastropoda (snail). Using an antibody approach, we find DLL expression in the oocytes of a chiton (Mopalia muscosa) and in the pregastrulae through early veliger larvae of a marine snail (Kelletia kelletii ). We observe antibody localization in the oocyte, nuclear expression in all cells of the pregastrulae, and predominant expression in the ectoderm of postgastrulae and early veliger larvae. Comparison of our observations on spiralian taxa, thought to have conservative development with previous work, primarily on deuterostomes, suggests the possibility of an ancient role(s) for DLL in early development. Possible functions appear to include maternal and zygotic involvement in the establishment of embryonic polarity, involvement in the process of germ layer formation, and a role in the specification and/or differentiation of ectoderm/epithelia. We note that the exploration of conserved gene function in early development may be clarified by examining taxa whose early development has putatively not been subject to dramatic evolutionary change.
Treatment of AIDS related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with combination mitoguazone dihydrochloride and low dose CHOP chemotherapy: results of a phase II study.

Purpose: To evaluate the response and side effects of combination therapy with low dose CHOP chemotherapy and mitoguazone dihydrochloride in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS-NHL). Methods: Eighteen patients newly diagnosed with intermediate or high-grade AIDS-NHL were treated with low dose CHOP as follows: day 1, cyclophosphamide 350mg/m2, intravenously (IV); doxorubicin 25mg/m2 IV; vincristine 2mg IV; and prednisone 100mg given orally on days 1 through 5. In addition, mitoguazone dihydrochloride was given at a dose of 600mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 15 of each 28-day treatment cycle. Results: Seventeen males and one female patient were accrued. Twelve patients had high-grade pathologies while the remainder had an intermediate grade pathology (diffuse large cell). The median CD4+ lymphocyte count was 98/dl (range 1–924). Three patients (17%) reported an AIDS-defining illness prior to lymphoma diagnosis. Of 14 evaluable patients, 6 (43%) achieved a complete remission and 5 (35%) a partial remission. The median failure free and overall survival times were 6.5 and 8.4 months, respectively. Major toxicity was hematologic with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in 72%; two patients died of neutropenic sepsis. Conclusions: Mitoguazone in combination with low dose CHOP is a safe regimen, associated with a response rate of 79% (CR 43%, PR 36%, 95% CI=49–95%). These preliminary results suggest no major improvement in terms of response over use of CHOP without mitoguazone.
Flightlessness in insects

The evolution of wings is heralded as the most important event in the diversification of insects, yet flight-wing loss has occurred in nearly all pterygote insect orders. Flight loss is especially prevalent among taxa inhabiting historically stable habitats. Recent studies of wing-polymorphic species have revealed numerous selective trade-offs in the reproductive potentials of winged versus flightless forms. A diverse set of environmental factors, both biotic and abiotic, trigger flight loss in alary polyphenic taxa, presumably by influencing juvenile hormone titers. Phylogenetic comparisons promise to elucidate much about the historical contexts and consequences of flight loss.
Computer-Generated Images In Visual Simulation And Avionic Technologies

With today's technology, the art of generating a visual image is still a very complex and sophisticated process. The intent of this paper is to describe for the reader two similar visual systems which relate to complexities, similarities, and requirements for an end product. The systems selected for this comparison are visual simulation systems and avionic display systems. This broad base comparison is intended to relate the major components of each system relative to the output image and allow the reader to appreciate their complexities and similarities with minimum involvement and effort.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Search for cosmic axions and experimental limits on light scalars/pseudoscalars

We present here experimental limits on the coupling constant of axions to two photons describing two different experiments. For the first one (the search for cosmic axions) we assume that 100% of the dark matter is due to axions and we find gaγγ < 10−13 GeV−1 in the mass range of (4.5−16.3) ×10−6 eV. The second experiment does not assume the existence of dark matter but it is a production of light scalars and/or pseudoscalars with a polarized laser light inside a magnetic field. The observed peaks set a limit of gaγγ < 2.5×10−6 GeV−1 for a particle mass of m < 10−3 eV.
Nobody was out back then: a grounded theory study of midlife and older lesbians with alcohol problems.

This explorative study used grounded theory methodology (GTM) to develop a substantive theory regarding the life experience of the misuse of alcohol among midlife and older lesbians. The core category in this study is represented by the overarching process of “Disconnecting from their Authentic Selves.” Professional health care providers may better be able to understand and assist midlife and older lesbians who misuse alcohol by being aware of their life experience with alcohol problems and the concepts they have described. A theoretical model is presented as a visual representation of the key concepts described in this paper and their interrelationships.
Norm formation in social influence networks

Abstract I propose a mechanism of norm formation and maintenance that combines classical theory in social psychology on attitudes and social comparisons with a formal network theory of social influence. Underlying the formation of norms is the ubiquitous belief that there is a correct response for every situation and an abiding interest for persons to base their responses on these correct foundations. Given such a belief, a normative evaluation of a feeling, thought or action is likely to arise when persons perceive that their positive or negative attitudinal evaluation is shared by one or more influential others. If interpersonal agreements validate attitudes and transform attitudes into norms, then the development of a theory of norm formation may draw on extant “combinatorial” theories of consensus production that describe how shared attitudes are produced and maintained in groups. The network theory of social influence that I employ is one such combinatorial approach. An important sociological implication of this network theory is that the content of norms must be consistent with the social stratification (or more general pattern of inequality) of interpersonal influences in a group. I illustrate the theory with an analysis of Roethlisberger and Dickson’s (1939) classic observations on the Bank Wiring Observation Room.
420 DISRUPTED OVARIAN FUNCTION IN RHESUS MONKEYS WITH EX-PERIMENTALLY INDUCED INSULIN INSUFFICIENCY

We are utilizing a nonhuman primate model to elucidate the mechanisms of abnormal fetal lung development in pregnancies complicated by maternal hyperglycemia. Healthy adult female Macaca mulatta were made severely diabetic by infusion of the pancreatic B-cell toxin streptozotocin (STZ, 47.5 mg/kg). These animals have impaired reproductive function as evidenced by daily ratings of coloration of sexual skin and incidence of menstruation. Prior to receiving insulin therapy, diabetic animals (n=6) exhibited only 26% of the expected number of apparently ovulatory menstrual cycles (1 cycle/30 days, 321-408 days of observation/animal) compared to 89% for control animals (n=7, 114-304 days/animal; t= 5.17, p<.01). Diabetic animals receiving insulin therapy (n=6, 62-436 days/animal) also exhibited fewer than expected normal cycles compared to controls (51%, t=2.45, p<.05). Radioimmunoassay revealed serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in amenorrheal diabetic monkeys to be comparable to those seen in ovariectomized monkeys. Three of 4 control pregnancies were maintained into the third trimester, while 1 of 1 untreated diabetic and 2 of 4 treated diabetic pregnancies were maintained. Additional monkeys treated recently with a lower dose of STZ (30mg/kg) have exhibited milder glucose intolerance and less disruption of ovarian function. (Support: NIH HD11429 and RR00167 and JDF 79R263.)
Nuclear energy levels of 31S and 33C1

The reaction 32S(3He, α) 31S has been used to locate 42 levels in 31S. For 11 of the first 17 levels ln-values have been determined. The first 6 excited states of 31S have been studied by applying the particle-gamma correlation method of Litherland and Ferguson (their Method II) to the reaction 32S(3He, αγ) 31S. The resulting spins and parities are: EX, Jπ = 1.25 MeV, 3/2+; 2.23 MeV, 5/2+; 3.08 MeV, 1/2+; 3.29 MeV, 5/2+, 3/2+; 3.35 MeV, 7/2, 3/2; 3.44 MeV, 3/2+. Mixing and branching ratios have also been determined. The ground state Q-value for the reaction 32S(3He, α)31S has been measured to be 5.538 ± 0.006 MeV. Analysis of the spectra of the reaction 32S(3He, α)33Cl which were obtained as a by-product of the spectra of the reaction 32S(3He, α) 31S located levels in 33Cl at the following excitation energies: 0, 810 ± 9, (1978 ± 14), 2351 ± 9, 2686 ± 8, 2848 ± 9 (a known doublet), 2980 ± 9, and 4119 ± 10 keV. The 2.0 MeV level was only weakly populated, and to confirm its existence the reaction 36Ar(p, α)33Cl has been studied. In this reaction the 2.0 MeV level was strongly populated and the measured excitation energy was 1999 ± 20 keV. The experimental results for 31S and 33Cl are compared with their analogs and with nuclear model predictions.
Postoperative angiographic evaluation of gastroepiploic artery grafts: technical considerations and short-term patency.

Follow-up angiography was performed in 37 patients with right gastroepiploic artery (GEA) grafts at 27 +/- 32 days postoperatively. By the femoral approach, a 5F cobra or twist catheter was advanced selectively into the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) over a plastic-coated guidewire. In 29 patients, the GDA was successfully catheterized, and the GEA grafts were clearly visualized by the injection of 3-7 ml of contrast medium. GDA catheterization was unsuccessful in 8 patients, but in 4 of them the grafts were well visualized when 15-20 ml of contrast was injected. In the other 4 patients, visualization of the GEA grafts was poor, but the distal portions were outlined by retrograde perfusion from the native right coronary arteries. A total of 34 GEA grafts were patent (92%), and the diameters of these grafts were adequate when compared with respective recipient coronary arteries (2.8 +/- 0.9 and 2.3 +/- 0.6 mm, respectively; P less than .05). No complications were noted except for transient vasospasm (3 patients) in the GEA, hepatic artery, or both, which was relieved by the intra-arterial injection of isosorbide dinitrate (2.5 mg). Thus, the over-the-wire technique allows simple and safe GDA catheterization, which is essential for obtaining good visualization of GEA grafts.
The evolution of conservation rules and norms in the Maine lobster industry

Natural resources of all kinds have been overexploited by user groups who cannot or will not develop rules to constrain their own exploitive efforts. One notable exception is the Maine lobster industry, where an effective set of conservation laws has been developed due, in great part, to the strong support of the industry. In the early decades of the 20th century, however, the lobster industry was marked by widespread violations of the existing conservation laws and opposition to developing more. This article explores the way that the pirate ethic gave way to the conservation ethic in the 1930s. Our explorations in evolutionary game theory suggest that this change was produced by three factors: costs and benefits of defection from the conservation ethic; numbers of people accepting the conservation ethic quality rule; and events that shocked the system from one state to another. We argue that the shock to the system in the late 1920s and 1930s was caused by massive stock failure which changed the attitudes of many fishermen about the need for conservation. People began to report violations of the law, which made law enforcement more effective and quickly led to a cascade of fishermen abandoning the pirate ethic. In the late 1930s, increasing catches, in combination with a number of other social, technical, and economic factors continued the upward spiral.
Tabu search procedures for the cell formation problem with intra-cell transfer costs as a function of cell size

This paper compares four procedures that generate heuristic solutions for a cell formation integer programming model. The objective of the model is to minimize cost. The cost elements included in the model are: cost of intra-cell and inter-cell moves, and the cost of the equipment used in the cells. The cost of an intra-cell move is based on the size of the cell in terms of the number of machines included in the cell. The procedures were tested on 19 problems obtained from the literature. The results show that a previous method developed by Sankaran and Kasilingam (1993) is very efficient but generates poor solutions. A tabu search procedure that starts with the solution generated by the Sankaran and Kasilingam procedure significantly improved the solutions. A second tabu search procedure that uses a new method of developing an initial solution also generated better solutions than the Sankaran and Kasilingam procedure and on the larger sized problems generated the best solutions.
Prostaglandin I2 and E2 mediate the protective effects of cyclooxygenase-2 in a mouse model of immune-mediated liver injury

Studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury have provided important knowledge on the pathogenesis of many liver diseases involving hepatic inflammation. However, studies identifying hepato-protective factors based on the mechanistic understanding of this model are lacking. Evidence suggests that certain prostaglandin (PG) products of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 provide important anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective functions in some pathophysiological states. In the present study, we demonstrate a protective role of COX-2 derived PGs in ConA-induced liver injury. COX-2(-/-) mice developed much more severe liver damage upon ConA treatment compared with wild-type and COX-1(-/-) mice. Treatment of COX-2(-/-) mice with misoprostol (a PGE(1/2) analog) or beraprost (a PGI(2) analog) significantly decreased ConA-induced liver injury. Data from both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that misoprostol and beraprost acted directly on hepatic leukocytes, including natural killer (NK)T and T cells, and down-regulated their production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, which are critical in mediating ConA-induced tissue damage. Collectively, the results provide strong evidence that the protective effects of COX-2 within the liver are mediated through the production of PGE(2) and PGI(2), which exert anti-inflammatory functions. These findings suggest that COX-2-derived PGs may have great therapeutic potentials in treating patients with inflammatory liver diseases.
MINOR TO MAJOR STREAM MERGING WITHIN AN AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM

A MODEL OF A COMPLETELY AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN WHICH THE VELOCITY AND HEADWAY OF EACH VEHICLE IS UNDER COMPUTER CONTROL IS INVESTIGATED. IT IS ASSUMED THAT DUE TO THIS CONTROL, EACH VEHICLE IS LOCATED AT A POINT OR SLOT WHICH IS AN INTEGRAL MULTIPLE OF A MINIMUM HEADWAY, FROM ITS PROCEEDING VEHICLE. BASED ON THESE ASSUMPTIONS IT IS SHOWN THAT THE TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION ON THE CONTROLLED HIGHWAY IS BINOMIAL. FOUR POSSIBLE MERGING STRATEGIES ARE THEN DISCUSSED. IN THE FIRST STRATEGY, ONE VEHICLE IS ALLOWED TO MERGE PER SERVICE PERIOD REGARDLESS OF SERVICE PERIOD GAP SIZE. THE SECOND STRATEGY IS THE MERGING OF ONE VEHICLE PER SERVICE PERIOD BASED UPON A MINIMUM GAP SIZE. THE THIRD STRATEGY IS BULK SERVICE WHERE ONLY TWO VEHICLES ARE ALLOWED TO MERGE DURING ANY GIVEN SERVICE PERIOD RATHER THAN VEHICLES AS IN THE CASE OF BULK SERVICE. THE FINAL STRATEGY INVESTIGATED IS A COMBINATION OF THE SECOND AND THIRD STRATEGIES. HERE TWO VEHICLES ARE ALLOWED TO MERGE DURING A GIVEN SERVICE PERIOD DEPENDING ON BOTH THE QUEUE LENGTH IN THE MINOR STREAM AND THE SERVICE PERIOD GAP LENGTH IN THE MAJOR STREAM. THESE FOUR STRATEGIES ARE COMPARED ON THE BASIS OF AVERAGE MINOR STREAM QUEUE LENGTH AND AVERAGE MAJOR STREAM SERVICE PERIOD. /AUTHOR/
Tetrahydroaminoacridine but not 4-aminopyridine inhibits high-affinity choline uptake in striatal and hippocampal synaptosomes.

Abstract We have compared the effects of tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) on high affinity choline uptake and the release of newly synthesized acetylcholine (ACh) from striatal and hippocampal synaptosomes, and on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in rat striatal synaptosomes. Incubation of the striatal synaptosomes with various THA concentrations (5–100 μM) caused a concentration-dependent inhibition in their accumulation of soluble 14 C-labeled compounds ([ 14 C]choline and [ 14 C]ACh); at concentrations of 50 μM or greater the THA also completely suppressed the release of newly synthesized [ 14 C]ACh. 4-AP slightly but significantly decreased the accumulation of the [ 14 C]ACh in the striatal synaptosomes, without affecting that of [ 14 C]choline, but markedly increased the release of [ 14 C]ACh into the medium; hence the drug stimulated net choline uptake (by 19, 20 and 31%, respectively, in the presence of 5, 50 and 100 μM concentrations). Like THA, but not 4-AP, TEA decreased both the accumulation of soluble 14 C-compounds in the striatal synaptosomes and the release of newly synthesized [ 14 C]ACh. Similar effects of THA and 4-AP on HACU and the release of [ 14 C]ACh were also observed when hippocampal synaptosomes were used. THA and 4-AP are structurally similar, and share with TEA the ability to block certain potassium channels. Present data show that, in spite of these similarities, these compounds produce opposite effects on net choline uptake by striatal and hippocampal synaptosomes.
Sex and species differences in the effects of cohabitation on vasopressin messenger RNA expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

Abstract Three days of male and female cohabitation dramatically reduces the density of vasopressin-immunoreactive (AVP-ir) fibers in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus of male, but not of female prairie voles. Here we tested whether this reduction is associated with changes in AVP messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), the presumed source of these fibers, and with changes in testosterone levels, which may influence AVP biosynthesis in the BST. In addition, we tested whether similar changes can be found in meadow voles, which unlike prairie voles do not dramatically change their social behaviors after mating. In both species, males showed more AVP mRNA-labeled cells in the BST and more grains per labeled cell than females. In prairie vole males, cohabitation increased the number of AVP mRNA labeled BST cells and the density of grains per labeled cells. It also raised plasma testosterone levels. No changes were found in prairie vole females nor in meadow voles of either sex. The changes in prairie vole males suggest that cohabitation stimulates AVP biosynthesis. The previously observed decrease in AVP-ir fiber density in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus may therefore reflect increased synaptic release of AVP, which may contribute to mating-induced changes in social behaviors in prairie vole males.
Platelet Aggregation by Laminar Shear and Brownian Motion

Rates of platelet aggregation in citrated PRP were measured under conditions of a well-defined Couette shear flow at 25°C. Smoluchowski's coagulation theories for Brownian motion and for simultaneous Brownian and shear motion were combined with the Rayleigh-Gans theory of light scattering to measure Brownian and shear collision efficiency factors for systems of aggregating platelets. This approach permits a considerably more systematic and readily interpretable data base for analyzing normal and abnormal platelet aggregation phenomena than was heretofore possible. This technique was also used to investigate the effects of varying ADP and PGE1 concentrations on platelet aggregation rates. Slight enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed in PRP suspensions in which red cell ghosts were added.
Clinical Experience With the Management of Schizophrenia in the General Hospital

On the basis of experience with 74 psychiatric consultations involving patients with schizophrenia admitted to a general hospital medical or surgical ward over a 17-month period (3% of the psychiatric consultations during that period), the authors identified 10 types of problems leading to requests for consultation. The authors used these categories to organize recommendations for management of patients with schizophrenia in the general medical hospital. In addition to conducting conventional consultations, the consultation psychiatrist in such cases often has a role in educating hospital staff about schizophrenia and in serving as a physician for the mentally ill.
Chromatographic Studies on the Red Horse-Chestnut (Aesculus X carnea) and Its Putative Parent Species

Aesculus Xcarnea, originated in cultivation, is considered on morphological grounds to be a hybrid between the AmericanA. pavia and the EuropeanA. hippocastanum. The plant is rather fertile and breeds true from seed. Cytologically it is a tetraploid while all other species are diploid. Two dimensional Chromatographic separation of the phenolic compounds and characterization of spots were made on leaf and flower material of the three species concerned. Chromatograms of flower extracts strongly support the belief thatA. pavia is one of the parent species. Leaf chromatograms supportA. hippocastanum as the other parent species. Identification of the three major spots of leaves ofA. hippocastanum reveal them as quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside.
Perturbation analysis for the projection of a point to an affine set

Abstract We present a perturbation analysis for the projection of a point to an affine set in R n . The matrix involved is not assumed to be full-rank, and the perturbation is arbitrary. Error bounds for the solution under the rank-preserving and rank-nondecreasing perturbations are obtained. The results given here appear to be the most general up to now.
Anatomy of an integral

In the course of my research (Davenport, 1979) into algorithms for indefinite integration, I was asked to consider the following integral (Caviness, 1978):[EQUATION]where a and b are generic (e.g. independent transcendental) constants. In particular we assume that no two roots of the denominator coincide, and that a ≠ ± b. This integral is in no integral table I have been able to find, and although it appears to be elliptic, there are many surprises in this area.
Limits of stability and irregular flow patterns in wavy vortex flow

We have determined the Reynolds number versus axial wavelength stability curve for a six-wave state in the range $1.4{R}_{c}lRl8{R}_{c}$, where ${R}_{c}$ corresponds to the onset of Taylor vortex flow. At points well within the region bounded by the stability curve, the entire flow pattern has an axial periodicity and a sixfold rotational symmetry, even for fluid height-to-gap ratios as large as 290. However, when a stability boundary is approached, irregularities in the flow pattern appear; then when the stability boundary is reached, there is a change in the number of waves or the number of vortices or both.
The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin modulates Clostridium difficile-associated colitis and toxin A-mediated enteritis in mice

Background Clostridium difficile mediates intestinal inflammation by releasing toxin A (TxA), a potent enterotoxin. Cathelicidins ( Camp as gene name, LL-37 peptide in humans and mCRAMP peptide in mice) are antibacterial peptides that also posses anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives To determine the role of cathelicidins in models of Clostridium difficile infection and TxA-mediated ileal inflammation and cultured human primary monocytes. Design Wild-type (WT) and mCRAMP-deficient ( Camp −/− ) mice were treated with an antibiotic mixture and infected orally with C difficile . Some mice were intracolonically given mCRAMP daily for 3 days. Ileal loops were also prepared in WT mice and treated with either saline or TxA and incubated for 4 h, while some TxA-treated loops were injected with mCRAMP. Results Intracolonic mCRAMP administration to C difficile -infected WT mice showed significantly reduced colonic histology damage, apoptosis, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α levels. Ileal mCRAMP treatment also significantly reduced histology damage, tissue apoptosis, MPO and TNFα levels in TxA-exposed ileal loops. WT and Camp −/− mice exhibited similar intestinal responses in both models, implying that C difficile /TxA-induced endogenous cathelicidin may be insufficient to modulate C difficile /TxA-mediated intestinal inflammation. Both LL-37 and mCRAMP also significantly reduced TxA-induced TNFα secretion via inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation. Endogenous cathelicidin failed to control C difficile and/or toxin A-mediated inflammation and even intestinal cathelicidin expression was increased in humans and mice. Conclusion Exogenous cathelicidin modulates C difficile colitis by inhibiting TxA-associated intestinal inflammation. Cathelicidin administration may be a new anti-inflammatory treatment for C difficile toxin-associated disease.
Association of intrauterine and early life factors with uterine leiomyomata in black women

Purpose Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are the primary indication for hysterectomy and are 2–3 times more common in black than white women. Previous studies indicate that early life may be a critical time window of susceptibility to UL. We assessed the association of UL with selected intrauterine and early life factors, expanding on previous research by using a prospective design and validated data on exposure and disease.
Teaching the Sociological Imagination

(2012). Teaching the Sociological Imagination. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 83, No. 8, pp. 23-31.
Culture, Gender, and Work in Japan: A Case Study of a Woman in Management

This article analyzes the conflicts experienced at work by Keiko Nakagawa, a Japanese female manager at a U.S. company in Tokyo. It uses a cultural models-in-practiceframework to explore the role that Keiko's ideas about gender and work played in causing both the social conflicts she faced with her subordinates and the inner conflicts she experienced later.The article demonstrates that even if an individual can reconcile contradictory beliefs for herself her subject-position in a particular social situation—in Keiko's case, as a Japanese female manager in Japan—may prevent her from successfully avoiding conflict. It suggests that cultural models play an imporant role in engendering conflict by obscuring the complexities of everyday life, and that psychological anthropologists will be able to shed some light on this phenomenon by studying how people put such models into practice in the context of social interaction.
Structure and evolution of the plant cation diffusion facilitator family of ion transporters

Members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family are integral membrane divalent cation transporters that transport metal ions out of the cytoplasm either into the extracellular space or into internal compartments such as the vacuole. The spectrum of cations known to be transported by proteins of the CDF family include Zn, Fe, Co, Cd, and Mn. Members of this family have been identified in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea, and in sequenced plant genomes. CDF families range in size from nine members in Selaginella moellendorffii to 19 members in Populus trichocarpa. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the CDF family has expanded within plants, but a definitive plant CDF family phylogeny has not been constructed. Representative CDF members were annotated from diverse genomes across the Viridiplantae and Rhodophyta lineages and used to identify phylogenetic relationships within the CDF family. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of CDF amino acid sequence data supports organizing land plant CDF family sequences into 7 groups. The origin of the 7 groups predates the emergence of land plants. Among these, 5 of the 7 groups are likely to have originated at the base of the tree of life, and 2 of 7 groups appear to be derived from a duplication event prior to or coincident with land plant evolution. Within land plants, local expansion continues within select groups, while several groups are strictly maintained as one gene copy per genome. Defining the CDF gene family phylogeny contributes to our understanding of this family in several ways. First, when embarking upon functional studies of the members, defining primary groups improves the predictive power of functional assignment of orthologous/paralogous genes and aids in hypothesis generation. Second, defining groups will allow a group-specific sequence motif to be generated that will help define future CDF family sequences and aid in functional motif identification, which currently is lacking for this family in plants. Third, the plant-specific expansion resulting in Groups 8 and 9 evolved coincident to the early primary radiation of plants onto land, suggesting these families may have been important for early land colonization.
Growth of Asthmatic Children Before Long-Term Treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroids

The aim of this study was to examine the growth of asthmatic children before any long-term inhaled corticosteroid treatment. We studied 436 asthmatic children (254 boys and 182 girls), age range 3....
Separated Flow Transition Mechanism and Prediction With High and Low Freestream Turbulence Under Low Pressure Turbine Conditions

A correlation for separated flow transition has been developed for boundary layers subject to initial acceleration followed by an unfavorable pressure gradient. The correlation is based on the measured growth of small disturbances in the pre-transitional boundary layer. These disturbances were identified and quantified through spectral analysis of the wall normal component of velocity. Cases typical of low pressure turbine airfoil conditions, with Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 25,000 to 300,000 (based on suction surface length and exit velocity) were considered at low (0.5%) and high (8.7% inlet) freestream turbulence levels. In some cases, two-dimensional rectangular bars were placed at the beginning of the adverse pressure gradient region as passive flow control devices. The dimensionless magnitude of the initial disturbance which begins to grow at the suction peak depends on the freestream turbulence level and the size of any bar applied to the surface. The growth rate depends on the Reynolds number. When the pre-transitional disturbances grow to a sufficient magnitude, transition begins. The new correlation is based on the physics observed in the turbulence spectra, but allows transition prediction using only the Reynolds number, freestream turbulence level and bar height. The correlation has been checked against experimental data from the literature, and allows transition location prediction to within the uncertainty of the experimental measurements. The correlation represents an improvement over previous correlations which accounted for Reynolds number or freestream turbulence effects, but not both.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Reliability-Based Robust Geotechnical Design of Rock Bolts for Slope Stabilization

In this paper, a robust geotechnical design (RGD) methodology is applied to design of rock bolts for slope stabilization. In rock engineering practice, the variation of shear strength characteristics of rock discontinuities is often quite difficult to ascertain. The RGD methodology is utilized to achieve a certain level of design robustness against the uncertainty in the estimated statistics of rock properties, in addition to meeting safety and cost requirements. A multi-objective optimization is used to identify a set of robust designs. The example of rock bolts design for slope stabilization is used to showcase the merit of the RGD methodology.
The impact of aberrations on object reconstruction with interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy

Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) reconstructs the scattering potential of a sample with spatially invariant resolution, based on the incident beam profile, the beam scan pattern, the physical model of light sample interaction, and subsequent light collection by the system. In practice, aberrations may influence the beam profile, particularly at higher NA, when ISAM is expected to provide maximum benefit over optical coherence microscopy. Thus it is of interest to determine the effects of aberrations on ISAM reconstructions. In this paper we present the forward model incorporating the effects of aberrations, which forms the basis for aberration correction in ISAM. Simulations and experimental results show that when operating far from focus, modest amounts of spherical aberration can introduce artifacts to the point-spread function, even at relatively low NA ~ 0.1-0.2. Further work will investigate computational methods to correct the effects of aberrations, i.e. to perform virtual adaptive optics.
IntegratedMap: a Web interface for integrating genetic map data

Summary: IntegratedMap is a Web application and database schema for storing and interactively displaying genetic map data. Its Web interface includes a menu for direct chromosome/linkage group selection, a search form for selection based on mapped object location and linkage group displays. An overview display provides convenient access to the full range of mapped and anchored object types with genetic locus details, such as numbers, types and names of mapped/anchored objects displayed in a compact scrollable list box that automatically updates based on selected map location and object type. Also, multilinkage group and localized map views are available along with links that can be configured for integration with other Web resources. Availability: IntegratedMap is implemented in C#/ASP.NET and the package, including a MySQL schema creation script, is available from http://cggc.agtec.uga.edu/Data/download.asp Contact: [email protected]
ON SEVERAL APPROACHES TO EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY

The formal theory of equality of opportunity emerged as a response – a friendly amendment – to Ronald Dworkin's (1981) characterization of resource egalitarianism, as defined by the allocation that would emerge from insurance contracts arrived at behind a thin veil of ignorance. This article compares several of the prominent versions of this response, put forth in the period 1993–2008. I argue that a generalization of Roemer's (1998) proposal is the most satisfactory approach. Inherent in that generalization is an indeterminism, which reflects a philosophical problem: that we do not know what comprise the ethically correct rewards to effort. The indeterminism should be resolved, I propose, by an ancillary theory which limits the degree of inequality which is acceptable.
An unusual binding mode of a guanidinate ligand in a Ti26+ species with a short metal–metal single bond

Abstract A compound having the formula Ti2(η2-hpp)2(μ–η2, η2-hpp)2Cl2, 1, (hpp = the anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2a]pyrimidine) has been made by reduction of the mononuclear complex Ti(hpp)2Cl2 with KC8 in THF. Compound 1 has a short Ti–Ti bond distance of 2.5944(9) A. DFT calculations suggest that there is a single bond and the electronic configuration of σ2 may be assigned to the Ti 2 6 + unit. The structure shows one chloride group and a chelating hpp ligand bound to each titanium atom. There are also two hpp ligands that link the Ti units in a unusual μ–η2, η2-coordination. This type of coordination for a bicyclic guanidinate ligand (hpp) was also observed in [Nb2(η2-hpp)4(μ–η2, η2-hpp)]PF6, 2. Solution studies of 1 by 1H NMR spectroscopy suggest that the structure in solution and that in the solid state may be different, with that in solution being much more symmetrical.