cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Vienna Heritage of Iowa Orthopaedics

Strong traditions of basic research, clinical innovation, teaching and integrating science and evaluation of outcomes into clinical practice have characterized University of Iowa orthopaedics for ninety years. These traditions were brought to Iowa City from Vienna when Iowa City was a town of fewer than 10,000 people in a sparcely populated rural state. In the last third of the 19th century, surgeons at the University of Vienna, led by Theodore Billroth (1829-1894), helped transform the practice of surgery. They developed new more effective procedures, analyzed the results of their operations, promoted the emergence and growth of surgical specialties and sought understanding of tissue structure, physiology and pathophysiology. Their efforts made Vienna one of the world's most respected centers for operative treatment, basic and clinical research and surgical education. Two individuals who followed Billroth, Eduard Albert (1841-1900) and Adolf Lorenz (1854-1946) focussed their research and clinical practice on orthopaedics. Their successes in the study and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders led one of their students, Arthur Steindler (1878-1959), a 1902 graduate of the Vienna Medical School, to pursue a career in orthopaedics. Following medical school, he worked in Lorenz's orthopaedic clinic until 1907 when he joined John Ridlon (1852-1936) at the Chicago Home for Crippled Children. In 1910, Steindler became Professor of Orthopaedics at the Drake Medical School in Des Moines, Iowa, and, in 1913, John G. Bowman, the President of the University of Iowa, recruited him to establish an orthopaedic clinical and academic program in Iowa City. For the next third of a century he guided the development of the University of Iowa Orthopaedics Department, helped establish the fields of orthopaedic biomechanics and kinesiology and tirelessly stressed the importance of physiology, pathology and assessment of the outcomes of operations. From the legacy of Billroth, Albert and Lorenz, Arthur Steindler created an internationally recognized center for orthopaedic care, research and teaching in Iowa City.
Studies of Infinite-Layer, T’-Phase, and 1-D-Ladder Copper-Oxide Compounds

Recent experimental studies of electron-doped infinite-layer compounds (e.g., Sr1-xLaxCuO2), electron-doped T’-phase compounds (e.g., Nd2-xCexCuO4), and spin-1/2 quasi-1-D chain/ladder compounds (e.g., Sr14Cu24O41) are overviewed, including new structural and magnetic measurements. Studies of steric effects indicate that superconductivity disappears in both electron-doped systems for values of the in-plane lattice constant a below a critical value, acr ≈ 3.92 A. Apparently, delocalized holes cannot be introduced into the ambient-pressure T’-phase materials (Ln2CuO4; Ln = Nd-Gd); some studies of low-temperature-synthesis rare-earth-free T’-phase La2-xYxCuO4 are discussed. The infinite-layer parent compound series Ca1-xSrxCuO2 makes accessible a large range of Cu-O bond lengths; we discuss high pressure synthesis and properties of Ca1-x-ySrxMyCuO2 for both electron (M = La, etc.) and hole (M = Na, K) doping. For the quasi-1-D chain/ladder materials, substitutions in the ambient-pressure parent compound Sr14Cu24O41 are studied (La is soluble in Sr14-xLaxCu24O41 for 0 ≤x ≤5); changes in susceptibility with such decreases in hole doping are discussed. Collaborative studies of these systems using µSR, NMR, and other spectroscopies are overviewed.
Tylomys nudicaudus (Peters’ climbing rat)

The diploid number of this species is variable, depending upon the subspecies. The top karyotype (G-banding) is from a female T. n. villai, with a diploid number of 36. The one below is from a male T.n. gymnurus, with a diploid number of 40.
Overview of Atmospheric Convection

Winston Churchill’s description of Russia—a mystery inside a riddle, wrapped in an enigma—might equally apply to moist convection. Almost one hundred and fifty years have passed since James Pollard Espy [1] first correctly inferred that cumulus clouds are driven by the release of latent heat when water vapor condenses, yet very fundamental aspects of moist convection—for example, the profiles of temperature and water vapor in moist convecting atmospheres—remain poorly understood. A satisfying description of the ensemble and individual properties of convective clouds remains an elusive but compelling frontier in atmospheric research, and one with profound consequences for weather and climate prediction.
Behavioral Treatment Methods for Pregnant Smokers: The Evidence Base for Prenatal Care Programs and Professional Practice

This chapter presents a critical review of salient issues related to the selection, planning, delivery, and evaluation of evidence-based assessment and health education-counseling methods for pregnant smokers. The chapter aims are to present: (a) a synopsis of the epidemiologic evidence documenting the adverse effects caused by active and passive tobacco exposure; (b) smoking prevalence rates and trends during pregnancy for the U.S., including a discussion about the poor validity of measurement of smoking status by patient self-reports; (c) a comprehensive review of the evidence to document the levels of “effectiveness” of treatment methods; (d) a synopsis of the evidence about the use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) by pregnant smokers; (e) a description of an evidence-based Smoking Cessation and Reduction In Pregnancy Treatment (SCRIPT) Program that can be routinely provided as a component of prenatal care; and, (f ) a synthesis of the evidence base supporting adoption of a comprehensive, system-wide tobacco treatment program designed for adoption and dissemination by large, well-defined populations of pregnant smokers: SCRIPT PLUS. The final section of this chapter provides a discussion of future research needs and program challenges. Recommendations for the dissemination-adoption of evidence-based methods for smoking cessation during pregnancy are made for consideration by professional practice and ­program development and evaluation leadership.
Unions and the Great Compression of wage inequality in the US at mid‐century: evidence from local labour markets

This article tests whether places with higher exposure to unionization during the 1940s, due to their pre‐existing industrial composition, tended to have larger declines in wage inequality, conditional on local economic and demographic observables and regional trends. We find a strong negative correlation between exposure to unionization and changes in local inequality from 1940–50 and 1940–60. This does not appear to be underpinned by skill‐specific sorting of workers or by firms leaving places with high exposure to unionization. We also find that the correlation between exposure to unionization in the 1940s and the change in inequality after 1940 persists in long‐difference regressions to the end of the twentieth century.
Psychische problemen bij kinderen in de eerste lijn

Bijna de helft van de kinderen met psychische problemen wordt niet herkend in de eerste lijn. Hoe kan de huisarts deze kinderen beter herkennen? En wat is de toegevoegde waarde van aanvullende informatie van de jeugdgezondheidszorg? Met deze vragen in het achterhoofd ontwikkelen Leidse onderzoekers een model dat het risico op het ontwikkelen van psychische problemen bij kinderen in het komende jaar voorspelt.
Parallel machine replacement under horizon uncertainty

AbstractConstruction projects usually get delayed for several time periods. When the planning horizon of a project is extended, projections for purchase and salvage of machinery within the planning...
Does semantic knowledge influence event segmentation and recall of text

Knowledge benefits episodic memory, particularly when provided before encoding (Anderson & Pichert in Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17(1), 1–12, 1978; Bransford & Johnson in Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 717–726, 1972). These benefits can occur through several encoding mechanisms, one of which may be event segmentation. Event segmentation is one’s ability to parse information into meaningful units as an activity unfolds. The current experiment evaluated whether two top-down manipulations—providing context or perspective taking—influence the segmentation and memory of text. For the ambiguous texts in Experiment 1, half the participants received context in the form of a title, whereas the other half received no context. For the text in Experiment 2, half the participants read from the perspective of a burglar and the other half read from the perspective of a home buyer. In both experiments, participants read the passages, recalled the information, and then segmented the passages into meaningful units. Consistent with previous findings, participants who received context recalled more information compared with those who received no context, and participants in one perspective were more likely to recall information relevant to their perspective. Most importantly, we found that context and perspective facilitated more normative segmentation; however, the differences were small and suggest that effects of top-down processing on the segmentation of text may be modest at best. Thus, event segmentation processes that operate during text comprehension are influenced by semantic knowledge but may be more heavily driven by other factors (e.g., perceptual cues).
When order sets do not align with clinician workflow: assessing practice patterns in the electronic health record.

Background Order sets are widely used tools in the electronic health record (EHR) for improving healthcare quality. However, there is limited insight into how well they facilitate clinician workflow. We assessed four indicators based on order set usage patterns in the EHR that reflect potential misalignment between order set design and clinician workflow needs. Methods We used data from the EHR on all orders of medication, laboratory, imaging and blood product items at an academic hospital and an itemset mining approach to extract orders that frequently co-occurred with order set use. We identified the following four indicators: infrequent ordering of order set items, rapid retraction of medication orders from order sets, additional a la carte ordering of items not included in order sets and a la carte ordering of items despite being listed in the order set. Results There was significant variability in workflow alignment across the 11 762 order set items used in the 77 421 inpatient encounters from 2014 to 2017. The median ordering rate was 4.1% (IQR 0.6%–18%) and median medication retraction rate was 4% (IQR 2%–10%). 143 (5%) medications were significantly less likely while 68 (3%) were significantly more likely to be retracted than if the same medication was ordered a la carte. 214 (39%) order sets were associated with least one additional item frequently ordered a la carte and 243 (45%) order sets contained at least one item that was instead more often ordered a la carte. Conclusion Order sets often do not align with what clinicians need at the point of care. Quantitative insights from EHRs may inform how order sets can be optimised to facilitate clinician workflow.
Diplomacia y ética política: textos prudenciales de Felipe II, Juan de Mariana y Joseph Creswell durante las Guerras de Religión de Francia (1562-1598) y la Guerra Anglo-Española (1585-1604)

A diferencia de obras esteticas, cuyas impresiones en el receptor son ‘indiferentes’, segun Kant, los textos etico-politicos causan un surplus de afecciones. Este es el caso de reales declaraciones o proclamaciones de guerra, specula principum y peticiones laico-eclesiasticas. Analizamos el fin, siempre ambiguo; el genero literario, generalmente maleable; y los multiples efectos en receptores de obras politicas de reyes como Felipe II y Enrique IV, y eclesiasticos como los jesuitas Juan de Mariana y Joseph Creswell. Estas obras modularon la historia al suscitar diversos efectos perlocutivos en sus destinatarios durante las Guerras de Religion de Francia (1562-1598) y la Guerra Anglo-Espanola (1585-1604).
Capacity assessment and co-optimization of CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery in residual oil zones

Abstract Residual oil zones (ROZs) are increasingly being commercially exploited using CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) method. In this study, CO2 storage potential, long-term CO2 fate and oil recovery potential in ROZs are characterized based on a reservoir model for Goldsmith-Landreth San Andres Unit in the Permian Basin. The effects of CO2 injection rates, well patterns (five-spot and line-drive), well spacings, injection modes (continuous CO2 injection and water-alternating-gas injection) on the CO2 retention in the reservoir and the oil production are investigated. After the preliminary assessment of CO2 storage and EOR potentials in ROZs, we next develop a novel approach based on a newly developed optimization algorithm-Stochastic Simplex Approximate Gradient (StoSAG) and predictive empirical models constructed using machine learning technique to co-optimize CO2 storage and oil recovery in ROZs. The performance of co-optimization of CO2 storage and oil recovery is compared with the performance of optimization of only CO2 storage.
A Novel Mediator of Heart Failure Development and Progression

Constitutive activation mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in both the pathogenesis and the progression of cardiovascular disease. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD...
Finite-Dimensional Convex Effect Algebras

We first show that the convex effect algebras (CEA) approach to quantum mechanics is more general than the general probabilistic theories approach. We then restrict our attention to finite-dimension CEA's. After an introductory Section~1, we present basic definitions in Section~2. Section~3 studies convex subeffect algebras and observables. In Section~4 we consider strong CEA's and strong observables. We show that a CEA is strong if and only if it is classical. Informationally complete observables on classical CEA's are studied in Section~5. Section~6 considers quantum CEA's in Hilbert spaces.
CLARC: An Artificial Community for Modeling the Effects of Extreme Hazard Events on Interdependent Civil and Social Infrastructure Systems

AbstractDuring the development of a suite of computer-aided decision support tools for the restoration of interdependent infrastructures impacted by an extreme natural hazard event, it became appar...
Widespread early Holocene deglaciation, Washington Land, northwest Greenland

Abstract Constraining the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) response to past climate change is imperative for understanding modern ice sheet sensitivity to rising temperatures. In this study, we investigate the response of the GIS to warming during the last deglaciation across the currently ice-free area of Washington Land in northwest Greenland. We apply 10Be cosmogenic surface exposure dating to glacially-transported boulders deposited across the landscape, the interpretation of the dates offering insight into GIS retreat after the Last Glacial Maximum. We find that the northwestern sector of the GIS sustained full ice cover across Washington Land until ∼11 ka, then began thinning, with widespread ice retreat culminating by 8.5 ± 1.1 ka. The record of our new exposure ages indicates that deglaciation occurred 2–3 ka after abrupt warming at the end of the Younger Dryas cold period, which suggests a delayed response of the GIS to this regional warming.
Regulations of mitochondrial DNA repair by poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1

Formation of a repair complex is beneficial to DNA repair. Despite mitochondrial DNA polymerase (PolG) and PARP1 were found in the same complex, the functional role of the complex in mtBER has not been characterized biochemically. We report studies that PARP1 regulates PolG activity during DNA repair in a metabolic cofactor NAD-dependent manner. In the absence of NAD+, PARP1 completely inhibits PolG, while increasing NAD+ level to physiological concentration enables PolG to resume maximum repair activity. PolG is PARylated when bound to DNA repair intermediates, and PARylation is essential for PolG repair activity. The PARP1 inhibitor Olaparib that abolishes PARP1 catalytic activity suppresses PolG gap-filling synthesis at physiological concentrations of NAD+, suggesting inhibiting PARP1 activity would increase mtDNA mutations. Because NAD+ cellular levels are linked to metabolism and to ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, our results suggest that mtDNA damage repair is correlated with cellular metabolic state and integrity of the respiratory chain. Our results revealed a molecular basis of drug toxicity from prolonged usage of PARP1 inhibitors in treating cardiac dysfunctions.
Unentangled Vitrimer Melts: Interplay between Chain Relaxation and Cross-link Exchange Controls Linear Rheology

Vitrimers are polymer networks that engage in dynamic associative exchange reactions. Their covalent cross-links preserve network connectivity but permit topology fluctuations, making them both ins...
An interpretable bimodal neural network characterizes the sequence and preexisting chromatin predictors of induced transcription factor binding

Transcription factor (TF) binding specificity is determined via a complex interplay between the transcription factor’s DNA binding preference and cell type-specific chromatin environments. The chromatin features that correlate with transcription factor binding in a given cell type have been well characterized. For instance, the binding sites for a majority of transcription factors display concurrent chromatin accessibility. However, concurrent chromatin features reflect the binding activities of the transcription factor itself and thus provide limited insight into how genome-wide TF-DNA binding patterns became established in the first place. To understand the determinants of transcription factor binding specificity, we therefore need to examine how newly activated transcription factors interact with sequence and preexisting chromatin landscapes. Here, we investigate the sequence and preexisting chromatin predictors of TF-DNA binding by examining the genome-wide occupancy of transcription factors that have been induced in well-characterized chromatin environments. We develop Bichrom, a bimodal neural network that jointly models sequence and preexisting chromatin data to interpret the genome-wide binding patterns of induced transcription factors. We find that the preexisting chromatin landscape is a differential global predictor of TF-DNA binding; incorporating preexisting chromatin features improves our ability to explain the binding specificity of some transcription factors substantially, but not others. Furthermore, by analyzing site-level predictors, we show that transcription factor binding in previously inaccessible chromatin tends to correspond to the presence of more favorable cognate DNA sequences. Bichrom thus provides a framework for modeling, interpreting, and visualizing the joint sequence and chromatin landscapes that determine TF-DNA binding dynamics.
Forming an affective public online: Aggressive posts and comments in the My Stealthy Freedom movement

We use social psychology research on emotional selection of information to model how social movements use social media in the formation of affective publics and apply our model to Instagram post data from the My Stealthy Freedom anti-mandatory hijab movement in Iran. Thematic analysis applied to samples of posts and comments revealed six main themes, one of which, aggression, includes three subthemes related to verbal aggression and physical violence. As the level of aggression increased in Instagram videos, the level of aggression in the comments increased as well, and videos containing verbal aggression and physical violence had more likes and comments than did non-aggressive and non-violent videos. We discuss implications of these findings for research on social movements and the formation of affective publics.
Change detection (1985-2020): Projections on land-use land cover, carbon storage, sequestration, and valuation in Southwestern Gambia

This study assesses land-use/land cover (LULC) change in the southwestern region of The Gambia, using remotely sensed satellite imagery. Using a geographic information system (GIS) software, I cond...
Pattern of methane levels with lactulose breath testing; can we shorten the test duration?

Background and aim Methane levels in methane-positive lactulose breath tests are frequently elevated at time zero. We hypothesized that baseline methane level is sufficient to detect excessive methane production and thereby avoid extended testing. Our aim was to determine if baseline methane levels were sufficient to identify methane-positive individuals as defined by current guidelines. Methods A retrospective study of lactulose breath tests was conducted at an open access motility lab. A methane-positive study was defined as a methane level ≥10 ppm at any time. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was defined as a ≥20 ppm rise in hydrogen from baseline by 90 min. Dual-positive SIBO and methane studies were identified. Demographics, symptoms, and indications were recorded. Results Of 745 tests, 33.1%, 15.0%, and 3.1% were SIBO, methane, and dual-positive, respectively. Precisely 96.4% of methane-positive studies had methane levels ≥10 ppm within 90 min and 75.9% had levels ≥10 ppm at time 0. An additional elevation of ≥20 ppm over baseline within 90 min was observed in 32.1%. Of 22 methane-positive patients with constipation, methane levels were ≥10 ppm at baseline in 81.8% and were ≥10 ppm within 90 min in all cases. Conclusions Nearly 25% of methane-positive studies were not identified by a fasting methane level, but 96% were identified within 90 min. Most methane-positive studies did not have a rise of 20 ppm above baseline. Our findings suggest the lactulose breath test for hydrogen and methane can be complete at 90 min.
Comparing coordination uranyl(VI) complexes with 2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-b]phenazin-2-yl)phenol and derivatives

Four derivatives of 2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-b]phenazin-2-yl)phenol have been synthesized and characterized structurally using X-ray crystallography. Coordination complexes with uranyl (UO22+) and copper (Cu2+) were prepared and absorption/emission spectra detailed. We observed increased fluorescence upon uranyl binding, in stark contrast to rapid quenching observed with the addition of copper. These phenomena have been further examined by DFT computational methods.
Mechanisms for the Generation and Scattering of Sound and Thermal Waves in Thermoacoustic Microscopes

Thermoacoustic microscopes [1] generate sound by depositing energy and momentum in a solid by means of an incident laser or particle beam. These beams may be either pulsed or periodically modulated and can generate sound either through thermal expansion or by direct momentum transfer to the lattice. In general, thermal waves and both longitudinal and transverse sound waves are generated. These various waves can then scatter from thermal and elastic inhomogeneities in the solid and, by several different mechanisms, produce an acoustic signal. This acoustic signal is detected by the microscope’s acoustic transducer and used to produce an image. In this paper we describe a rigorous method for calculating the relative amplitudes of the various contributions to the acoustic signal and for assessing their importance as sources of contrast in images.
The Navstar Global Positioning System: A Global Utility?

Satellite-based navigation systems are one of the fastest growing sectors of the space industry. The Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) is a fully operational US military satellite-based navigation system. New applications, both civilian and military, are continually being developed for GPS and increasing numbers of users worldwide are becoming dependent upon this technology. The airline industry is but one segment of the rapidly growing GPS user base. New technologies evolving from GPS are quickly advancing the usefulness of GPS, which presents the need for international and national policy. The users of GPS technology, such as the airline industry, are having considerable influence over the development of GPS policy as a result of civil users exercising increasing control over the system. The use of GPS for navigation by the airline industry presents the unique challenge of integrating air and space law. This paper will discuss pertinent legal and policy issues that will affect the development of GPS policy such as liability, sovereignty, and GPS availability. According to some authorities, as GPS becomes an international utility it may present the requirement for an international organization, like the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or another consortium to establish the policy. The International Telecommunication Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) may serve as a model for a navigational consortium. This paper examines the various national and international organizations that may serve as models to develop GPS policy in the future.
Modeling for Control Design in Combined Feedback/Feedforward Control

This paper presents control-relevant parameter estimation as a means to address the problem of modeling requirements for a combined feedback-feedforward control system. The key element in the estimation procedure is prefiltering of the input and output time series obtained from the plant. This insures that the estimated model retains those plant characteristics that are most significant with regards to the user's control requirements. An example model reduction problem is presented which uses the IMC design procedure to design a reduced-order feedback-feedforward control system. Its performance is compared to both full-order IMC and model-predictive control via DMC.
Evaluation of the In Vitro Efficacy of Sevelamer Hydrochloride and Sevelamer Carbonate

The objective of this project is to develop an in vitro approach that can be used to determine the phosphate binding capacity of sevelamer hydrochloride and carbonate for both drug products and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A simple and efficient inductively coupled plasma spectrometer method for analysis of phosphate at physiologically relevant pH conditions has been developed and validated. The method addresses each of the analytical validation characteristics such as linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and selectivity, and meets the acceptance criteria defined in the United States Food and Drug Administration guidance (Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 2001. Guidance for industry-Bioanalytical method validation, May). The in vitro phosphate binding efficacies were systematically evaluated and compared for two drug products and two APIs. The phosphate binding profiles appeared similar between the drug products. Under all conditions, the sevelamer-phosphate binding reached equilibrium at 6 h. The 90% confidence interval for the k2 ratio (sevelamer carbonate vs. sevelamer hydrochloride) was well within 80%-125% under all pH conditions. However, the k1 ratio varied, indicating that there exists difference in the binding affinity. Our findings will be useful in assisting with "in vivo" biowaiver for the approval of generic sevelamer drug products.
Review article: the role of surgery in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Summary Background Rates for laparoscopic fundoplication are declining in the United States and there is no consensus on the indications for referral to surgery in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aim To highlight recent studies on the outcomes of laparoscopic fundoplication in adults that cast doubt on the traditional indications for surgery in reflux disease. Results Patients who are well maintained on medical therapy have more to lose with surgical intervention than to gain, and should not be offered surgery. Likewise, the notion that surgery prevents oesophageal cancer is a hypothesis that is not supported by current evidence, therefore surgical intervention should not be offered to these patients. The only clear-cut candidates for surgery include: patients with anatomic abnormalities such as a large hiatus hernia, or those with persistent regurgitation that causes troublesome symptoms despite medical therapy; and carefully selected patients with extra-oesophageal disorders who have symptoms of reflux disease such as heartburn and regurgitation, an incomplete response to medical therapy and persistent plus demonstrable reflux on pH or impedance testing that is associated with their symptoms. Patients should be aware of the high likelihood of needing continued acid inhibitory therapy following surgery and the possibility of side-effects. Conclusion Only a few carefully selected patients should undergo fundoplication for reflux disease.
Effects of rounding on the quality and confidentiality of statistical data

Statistical data may be rounded to integer values for statistical disclosure limitation. The principal issues in evaluating a disclosure limitation method are: (1) Is the method effective for limiting disclosure? and (2) Are the effects of the method on data quality acceptable? We examine the first question in terms of the posterior probability distribution of original data given rounded data and the second by computing expected increase in total mean square error and expected difference between pre- and post-rounding distributions, as measured by a conditional chi-square statistic, for four rounding methods.
Dynamic universality for Z2 and Z3 lattice gauge theories at finite temperature.

Swendsen-Wang random surface dynamics for {ital Z}{sub 2} and {ital Z}{sub 3} gauge theories in 2+1 dimensions is applied to the finite-temperature deconfining transition, and the static universality conjecture of Svetitsky and Yaffe is extended to the exponent {ital z} for critical dynamics. Our new dynamic universality conjecture ({ital z}{sub RS}{sup {ital d}+1}={ital z}{sub SW}{sup {ital d}}) is supported both by a qualitative argument and by numerical simulations that show that the dynamic critical exponents for (2+1)-dimensional gauge theories (logarithmic or {ital z}{sub RS}{lt}0.3{plus minus}0.1 and 0.53{plus minus}0.03 for {ital Z}{sub 2} and {ital Z}{sub 3}, respectively) are consistent with the values for the two-dimensional Ising-Potts models (logarithmic or {ital z}{sub SW}=0.20--0.27 and 0.55{plus minus}0.03 for {ital Z}{sub 2} and {ital Z}{sub 3}, respectively) at the finite-temperature transition.
Cohort size and maximum likelihood estimation of mortality parameters.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cohort size on maximum likelihood estimates of mortality parameters. Recent experimental investigations have stressed the importance of large cohorts for detecting leveling off of mortality rates at older ages. In the present study, emphasis was placed on evaluation of relatively small cohorts (about 150–300 individuals). Deaths were simulated under the assumption of the frailty mortality model. Two different parameter sets that resulted in differences in mean life span of more than twofold were used for simulations. Our smallest cohorts yielded parameter estimates that had generally good statistical properties, but relatively large standard errors. For tests of hypotheses concerning equality of parameters among populations or experimental treatments, empirical standard errors (obtained from several cohorts) were preferable to asymptotic standard errors (obtained for single cohorts). In particular, empirical standard errors yielded reliable type I error rates.
Surveillance geoinformatics of hotspot detection and prioritization for monitoring, etiology, early warning and sustainable management

The live year NSF DGP project has been instrumental to conceptualize surveillance geoinformatics partnership among several interested cross-disciplinary scientists in academia, agencies, find private sector. A declared need is around for statistical geoinformatics and software infrastructure for spatial and spatiotemporal hotspot detection. Our efforts are driven by a wide variety of case studies of potential interest to federal agencies involving critical society issues, such as public health, ecosystem health, biosurveillance, biosecurity, sensor networks, robotic networks, social networks, video mining, homeland security, early warning, and disaster management. The planned poster is expected to reveal several live case studies and outcomes of real geospatial and spatiotemporal data sets of current interest.
A proposal for computer system schemas

Proposes the use of an object-oriented database to model the high-level aspects of distributed systems. Components of the system that are modeled by objects are applications, services, libraries, files, IPC channels, hosts, peripherals and users. In this approach a database schema defines the possible interactions among the objects in the system, and the contents of the database model the current state of the system. Queries on the database can be used to answer questions about the system, to construct communication paths between objects, and to choose the appropriate location and medium for the display of information. There are also general applications to system administration, maintenance, performance tuning, and debugging. >
SPH Boundary Deficiency Correction for Improved Boundary Conditions at Deformable Surfaces

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshless, Lagrangian CFD method. SPH often utilizes static virtual particles to correct for integral deficiencies that occur near boundaries. These virtual particles, while useful in most cases, can be difficult to implement for objects which experience large deformations. As an alternative to virtual particles, a repulsive force algorithm is presented which loosely emulates the presence of virtual particles in the SPH momentum equation.
Neurocognitive function in pediatric bipolar disorder: 3-year follow-up shows cognitive development lagging behind healthy youths.

Objective Longitudinal follow-up of neurocognitive functioning in people with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) was conducted to characterize the developmental trajectory of cognitive disabilities in this disorder.
The effects of magnetic dipole core polarization in 206Pb and 207Pb

Abstract The effects of magnetic dipole core polarization on dipole moments and M1 transition rates in 206 Pb and 207 Pb are studied in the framework of the weak-coupling model. The coupling potential between a particle and the M1 states of the core nucleus 208 Pb is calculated microscopically and used to estimate the admixtures of these magnetic dipole states in the relevant states of 206 Pb and 207 Pb. The qualitative agreement with experiment is good, except for the p 3 2 − 1 → p 1 2 − 1 transition strength and the f 5 2 −1 dipole moment. The calculations also yield some general features of magnetic moments, M1 decays and their interrelation based on purely geometrical considerations. Finally, exchange effects are studied and found to be rather small.
Mössbauer Effect in Radioactive Materials

The general considerations that apply to using unstable isotopes as the absorbing nuclei for the Mossbauer effect are discussed. Preliminary results of various workers with the isotopes 2.6-year Pm147, 7.2-year Ba133, 87-year Sm151, and 47-hr Sm153 are discussed as examples of the techniques involved.
Development of exostoses following skin graft vestibuloplasty: Report of a case

Summary This paper presents the First reported case of exostoses following skin graft vestibuloplasty.
A simple model for strong ground motions and response spectra

A simple model for the description of strong ground motions is introduced. The model shows that response spectra can be estimated by using only four parameters of the ground motion, the RMS acceleration, effective duration and two corner frequencies that characterize the effective frequency band of the motion. The model is a windowed band-limited white noise, and is developed by studying the properties of two functions, cumulative squared acceleration in the time domain, and cumulative squared amplitude spectrum in the frequency domain. Applying the methods of random vibration theory, the model leads to a simple analytical expression for the response spectra. The accuracy of the model is checked by using the ground motion recordings from the aftershock sequences of two different earthquakes and simulated accelerograms. The results show that the model gives a satisfactory estimate of the response spectra.
An ounce of prevention? the reform of the german trade union federation

This article investigates the causes and content of the ongoing reform of the German Trade Union Federation (DGB). We argue that problems predating German unification ‐ in particular, a skewed demographic profile, financial crisis and waning political clout ‐ are the central factors that led German unionists to undertake reform and have largely determined the reform's content. German unification acted simply as a catalyst rather than the cause prompting union reform. German unions can only retain their prominent economic and social position if they promote genuine democratic reform within their ranks. Otherwise unions will never attract employees from the high technology and service sectors that are essential to the union movement's survival in the coming century. German unions should also resist the temptation to take on all of the problems plaguing German society. They must instead concentrate on the essential tasks of all labour movements: discerning the ever‐changing wants of today's increasingly hete...
All Stressed Out, But Does Anyone Notice? Stressors Affecting Public Libraries

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to identify some of the most common stressors affecting public librarians. Current public librarians were recruited from across the country to sort and rank a provided set of 25 stressors affecting public librarians. The stressors were developed from a review of the literature and anecdotal discussions with public librarians. Participants sorted the stressors according to the extent to which each affected them personally in their workplace. They could also give information about other sources of stress they experienced at work, or which they see other public librarians experiencing.
Predicting Recidivism With the Personality Assessment Inventory in a Sample of Sex Offenders Screened for Civil Commitment as Sexually Violent Predators

We examined the ability of scores from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) to predict postrelease (M = 4.90 years follow-up) arrests in a sample of 1,412 sex offenders. We focused on scores from 4 PAI measures conceptually relevant to offending, including the Antisocial Features (ANT), Aggression (AGG), and Dominance (DOM) scales, as well as the Violence Potential Index (VPI). Scores from several PAI measures demonstrated small- to medium-sized effects in predicting violent nonsexual recidivism, nonviolent recidivism, and sex offender registry violations, with the AGG scale being the strongest (d = 0.50 for violent nonsexual recidivism, d = 0.55 for sex offender registry violations) and most consistent predictor of recidivism.
Transfer of methionyl residues by leucyl, phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase.

Leucyl, phenylalanyl-tRNA-protein transferase also catalyzes transfer of methionyl residues as indicated by (i) copurification over a 1000-fold range of transfer activities for all three amino acids and (ii) loss of methionyl transfer activity in a mutant of E.coli lacking the transferase and reappearance of this activity in a transferase revertant. The purified enzyme was found to use Met-tRNAmMet in preference to Met-tRNAfMet as donor substrate. Peptides containing a basic amino acid at the NH2-terminus functioned as acceptors for the transfer of methionyl residues.
Benthic nutrient remineralization in a coastal lagoon ecosystem

In situ measurements of the exchange of ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite, phosphate, and dissolved organic phosphorus between sediments and the overlying water column were made in a shallow coastal lagoon on the ocean coast of Rhode Island, U.S.A. The release of ammonia from mud sediments in the dark (20–440 μmol per m2 per h) averaged ten times higher than from a sandy tidal flat (0–60 μmol per m2 per h), and while mud sediments also released nitrate and phosphate, sandy sediments took up these nutrients. Fluxes of nutrients from mud sediments, but not from sandy areas, markedly increased with temperature. Ammonia release rates for mud sediments in the light (0–350 μmol per m2 per h) were lower than those in the dark and it is estimated that some 25% of the ammonia released to the water column on an annual basis may be intercepted by the benthic microfloral community. Estimates of the annual net exchange of nutrients across the sediment-water interface, weighted by sediment type for the lagoon as a whole, showed a release of 450 mmol per m2 of ammonia, 5 mmol per m2 of phosphate, 5 mmol per m2 of dissolved organic phosphorus, and an uptake of 80 mmol per m2 of nitrate. Although rates of ammonia and nitrate exchange were comparable to those described for the deeper heterotrophic bottom communities of nearby Narragansett Bay, rates of benthic phosphate release were significantly lower. On an annual basis the Bay benthos released approximately 20 times more inorganic phosphate per unit area than did the lagoon benthos. As a result., the N/P ratio for the flux from the sediments was 74∶1 in the lagoon, compared with 16∶1 in “average” marine plankton and 8∶1 for the benthic flux from Narragansett Bay. The lack of remineralized phosphate in the lagoon, is reflected in water, column phosphate concentrations (always <1 μm) and water column N/P ratios (annual N/P=27) and suggests that the lagoon may show phosphate limitation rather than the nitrogen limitation commonly associated with marine systems.
The Invariance Principle for Banach Space Valued Random Variables

Abstract We extend the invariance principle to triangular arrays of Banach space valued random variables, and as an application derive the invariance principle for lattices of random variables. We also point out how the q-dimensional time parameter Yeh-Wiener process is naturally related to a one dimensional time Wiener process with an infinite dimensional Banach space as a state space.
Long-term variability in the Southern California Current System

Abstract We summarize 50 years of physical oceanographic data in the southern portion of the California Current System (CCS) based on the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) hydrographic record, 1950–1999. The long-term mean water property and circulation patterns are described, and the local signature of the large-scale 1976–1977 North Pacific climate regime shift is characterized. Changes associated with the climate shift include (1) significant warming in the upper 200– 400 m of the water column, a decrease in salinity in near-surface coastal waters, and an increase in salinity in subsurface offshore waters; (2) deeper density surfaces and increased stratification throughout the region, particularly within the Southern California Bight; (3) a subtle reorganization of the geostrophic flow structure, including an offshore shift of the California Current and increased nearshore poleward flow; and (4) a cross-shore dichotomy, with the nearshore regime changes occurring primarily during the upwelling season and the offshore variability being of lower frequency than nearer the coast. Changes in the vertical structure of the water column are of particular significance, as they have likely rendered upwelling less biologically effective. This is evident in the temperature and salinity changes, which were greatest (warming and freshening) just above the peak stability changes. There is evidence to suggest that another North Pacific-wide regime shift occurred following the 1997–1998 El Nino event, and large ecosystem changes are anticipated. The CalCOFI record is ideally suited for revealing the mechanisms of interdecadal physical–biological interactions in the coastal ocean.
Piezoelectric Substrates Promote Neurite Growth in Rat Spinal Cord Neurons

We tested the possibility that exogenous electrical activity from a piezoelectric substrate could influence neuronal structure in cultured spinal cord neurons. Oscillating electrical fields were delivered to rat neurons via substrates consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride) film, both in its piezoelectric (PZ) and non-piezoelectric (PV) forms. To induce oscillating electrical fields at the film surfaces, a 50 Hz mechanical vibration was applied. After 4 days of mechano-electrical stimulation, neuronal densities were increased by 115% and neurons grew 79% more neurites, with more than double the branch points, compared with neurons grown on non-stimulated PZ films (p < 0.001). The effects were due to electrical field, because vibration applied to non-PZ films did not increase neurite growth. We conclude that the oscillating electric fields produced from PZ polymer substrates can induce plastic changes in neurons of the central nervous system and herein we show its influence on neurite growth and branching.
Understanding Reasons for Delay in Seeking Acute Stroke Care in an Underserved Urban Population

Background and Purpose—Few patients arrive early enough at hospitals to be eligible for emergent stroke treatment. There may be barriers specific to underserved, urban populations that need to be identified before effective educational interventions to reduce delay times can be developed. Methods—A survey of respondents' likely action in a hypothetical stroke situation was given to 253 community volunteers in the catchment areas of a large urban community hospital. Concurrently, 100 structured interviews were conducted in the same hospital with patients with acute stroke or a proxy. Results—In this predominantly urban, black population, if faced with a hypothetical stroke, 89% of community volunteers surveyed said they would call 911 first, and few felt any of the suggested potential barriers applied to them. However, only 12% of patients with stroke interviewed actually called 911 first (OR, 63.9; 95% CI, 29.5 to 138.2). Instead, 75% called a relative/friend. Eighty-nine percent of patients with stroke r...
Describing the Relation Between Dietary Protein and Energy Levels and Chick Performance by Mathematical Equations

Abstract Chicks were fed diets with 36 energy-protein combinations for 19 days. A mixture of corn, soybean, and fish meals with methionine replaced glucose to produce diets ranging from 15 to 28.5% protein. Vegetable oil levels ranging from 1 to 15%, also replacing glucose, varied energy level. Equations were found that expressed each of the following as a function of dietary protein and metabolizable energy levels: body weight gain, gain/feed ratio, protein gain, lipid gain, percent carcass moisture, and percent protein and percent chloroform-methanol extract in the carcass dry matter. The ratio of gross energy gained to metabolizable energy consumed decreased as dietary protein level increased from 16.5 to 27%. Increasing the dietary fat level from 1 to 3% increased this ratio. Mean gross energy in the chloroform-methanol extracts from 12 chicks was 35.3 kJ/g.
Design and Verification of an Endoscopic Pre-cancer Detection System Based on Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry (a/LCI)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a portable endoscopic a/LCI system for clinical pre-cancer detection through accurate sizing of cell nuclei. System performance is evaluated in ex vivo measurements.
PdRhO2 formation during the air oxidation of a Pd-15Rh alloy

The surfaces of air-oxidized Pd-15Rh alloys have been examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by Raman spectroscopy. The XPS results indicate that the near-surface region of samples oxidized in the temperature range 1075 to 1125 K contains Pd in both the +2 and +1 oxidation states and Rh in the +3 oxidation state. The ratio of Pd (I) to Rh (III) is found to be 1∶1. Raman spectra confirm that two Pd-containing phases, PdO and PdRhO2, are present in the near-surface region and eliminate the possibility that Rh2O3 is present. Also, a resonant Raman effect is observed in anhydrous PdO for exciting wavelengths in the vicinity of 500 nm.