cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of Behçet’s disease: A retrospective chart review of 26 patients

AbstractBackground: Behcet’s disease (BD) is a multi-organ inflammatory disorder with mucocutaneous, ocular, neurological, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features of BD in a cohort of patients diagnosed at the University of California, Davis, United States. Methods: The medical records of 59 patients with an ICD9-code of BD were retrospectively reviewed. The International Criteria for BD was used to identify patients with a point score ≥5. The clinical manifestations of BD were investigated over a 10-year period in this cohort. Results: Twenty-six patients (20 women, six men; female:male ratio = 3.3:1.0) had a point score ≥5 based on the International Criteria. The average age of onset of BD was 29.25 ± 14.25 years. Oral ulcers (100%), genital ulcers (84.6%), articular involvement (69.2%), ocular involvement (65.3%), and skin lesions (50.0%) were the most prevalent manifestations of BD in this cohort. Conclusion: Oral ul...
The Challenge: Biotechnology Transfer to Public Health. Examples from Arbovirology

Infectious diseases remain the preeminent health problems in the developing world, and immunization the most effective approach to controlling them. Recombinant DNA technology has provided a plethora of new approaches for the development of vaccines. The priorities for development of new vaccines and delivery methods have been redefined by the Children’s Vaccine Initiative. Among the diseases targeted for vaccine improvement or development are three arbovirus infections, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever. The burden of disease caused by these mosquito-borne viruses, the current status of classical vaccines, and progress toward development of genetically-engineered vaccines are reviewed. Since 1984, the World Health Organization has promulgated research leading toward the development of molecular approaches to vaccines against these flaviviruses. Considerable headway has been made in the understanding of genome variation, the identification of protective epitopes, and in cloning and expression of relevant proteins in vaccinia and baculovirus systems. In addition, the development of full-length complementary DNA clones which yield infectious RNA transcripts is being pursued as a means of producing stable, attenuated and chimeric flavivirus vaccines.
A Multitask Learning Framework for Broadband Source-Location Mapping Using Passive Sonar

Underwater source localization via passive sonar is a challenging task due to the dynamic and complex nature of the acoustic environment. Different from approaches based on matched-field processing, this work explores broadband underwater source localization within a multitask learning (MTL) framework. Here, each task refers to a robust signal approximation problem over a single frequency. MTL provides a natural framework for exchanging information across the narrowband signal-approximation problems and constructing an aggregate (across frequencies) source-localization map. Efficient algorithms based on block coordinate descent (BCD) are developed for solving the source-localization problem. Complex-valued predictor screening rules for reducing the computational complexity of the algorithm are also developed. These rules discard map locations from the set of possible source locations prior to using BCD. They reduce the computational complexity of the localization algorithm without compromising the localization results. Tests of these approaches on synthetic and real data for the SWellEX-3 environment compare the performance of the proposed algorithm to that of alternative methods.
Zn(2+) at a cellular crossroads.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for cellular homeostasis. Initially proposed to only contribute to cellular viability through structural roles and non-redox catalysis, advances in quantifying changes in nM and pM quantities of Zn2+ have elucidated increasing functions as an important signaling molecule. This includes Zn2+-mediated regulation of transcription factors and subsequent protein expression, storage and release of intracellular compartments of zinc quanta into the extracellular space which modulates plasma membrane protein function, as well as intracellular signaling pathways which contribute to the immune response. This review highlights some recent advances in our understanding of zinc signaling.
Performance of Cage Versus Floor Turkey Hens

Abstract Hens from light and medium weight strains of turkey hens were placed in cage and floor regimes. The light weight hens had a higher rate of egg production than the medium weight hens in both cage and floor housing regimes. No significant difference was found between these two regimes for rate of egg production. A higher incidence of cracked eggs was found for floor hens compared to caged hens and also for hens on a hard rubber mat compared to a soft rubber mat. Rate of egg production for one hen per cage was higher at a probability of 0.20 than when hens were placed two per cage.
Nucleation and Growth Processes During The Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond

In situ microbalance measurements of diamond growth rates are described. These results can be used to test proposed mechanisms for diamond growth and suggest mechanisms for sp impurity incorporation. The Thiele modulus is a simple criterion for growth uniformity and is used to compare hot-filament and combustion-assisted growth.
Electricity Subsector Operational Technology in the Cloud

While the benefits of cloud computing have made its adoption prevalent among commercial businesses, educational institutions, and consumer service providers, as a result of commonly perceived vulnerabilities of the cloud, the electric power industry has been slow to transition the controls necessary to plan, analyse, and operate power systems to the cloud. As the sophistication of our adversaries continues to outpace the ability of owners and operators to defend their on-premises operational technology (OT) networks and the security of the cloud improves, concerns about the cloud environment will begin to melt away. For those ready to assess and mitigate the inherent vulnerabilities of the cloud, there can be reliability, safety, and security enhancing benefits that could ultimately lead to a more secure environment for critical operational functions. Incorporating cloud computing into operational power grid applications can result in reduced costs, greater reliability, and enhanced flexibility. Each traditional use of cloud computing, in addition to newer emerging uses, comes with benefits and risks. As the emerging uses for cloud computing mature, mitigation strategies will similarly mature to reduce risks. If the Electricity Subsector fails to engage and collaborate with the secure cloud service providers, they will never understand the concerns that need to be addressed. For the majority of the Electricity Subsector, the question remains whether energy control systems can safely be located in a cloud environment. While control, latency, and security are traditional and valid concerns with cloud adoption, we are quickly approaching a point where these concerns are becoming more difficult to mitigate on premises. It has taken years for the sector to accept that ‘air gapping’ OT from information technology (IT) is no longer realistic; it is not surprising that it may take years to accept OT in the cloud. However, the Electricity Subsector's imperative to operate efficiently and reliably is inevitably going to lead to the movement of some elements of its OT to a secure cloud environment.
Synthesis of poly(ether esters) from reaction of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and group IVB metallocenes

ABSTRACTPoly(ether esters) are rapidly synthesized in moderate yield employing the interfacial polycondensation reaction system from the reaction of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and Group IVB metallocenes. The products are high polymers. Infrared spectroscopy shows the formation of new bands derived from the M-O and M-O(CO) linkages. It also shows that the products exist as alternating M-O and M-O(CO) linkages. The products show outstanding inhibition of a variety of cancer cell lines including two pancreatic cancer cell lines. EC50 values for the polymers are in the nanogram/mL range. The ability to inhibit the cancer cell lines is generally Hf>Zr>Ti. Thus, future synthesis and testing might consider using compounds containing hafnocene and zirconocene in addition to the titanocene moiety.
The Law and Telemedicine

This article provides a general overview of the interface between law and telemedicine. The piece is not a roadmap for any one legal system but rather attempts to illustrate issues which cut across borders, recognizing that each country’s legal system may have unique impacts on telemedicine. The article notes that the nature of the legal issue will be colored by the nature of the telemedicine application in question, as well as by consideration of whether a given program is in a development or applied phase. Broad topics to be considered in this piece include medical liability, patient rights, privacy and licensure. (Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics 13-1,1-7, 2007)
Matrix isolation and theoretical study of the photochemical reaction of CrCl2O2 with chloroethenes.

The matrix-isolation technique has been combined with infrared spectroscopy to identify and characterize the products formed by irradiation of cage-paired CrCl2O2 and a series of chloroethenes, C2HxCly (x + y = 4). For each system, oxygen-atom transfer occurred upon irradiation, yielding the corresponding acetyl chloride derivative and the Cl2CrO species. The products were formed in the same matrix cage and strongly interacted to form a distinct molecular complex after formation. Three different modes of interaction were explored computationally: η1 to the oxygen atom, η2 to the CO bond, and η1 to the chlorine atom. In addition, a five-membered metallocycle and the chloroepoxide species were considered. No evidence was obtained for the chloroacetaldehyde derivative, indicating the occurrence of oxygen-atom attack at the more substituted carbon of the chloroethene. Evidence tentatively supporting the formation of the metallocycle was obtained as well. Theoretical calculations indicated that the acetyl chl...
From Transcendental to Originary Philosophy

Cartesian doubt usually is considered the beginning of modern philosophy. But this doubt is only a beginning. It does not fully determine the structure of the modern, nor does it explain how modernity became possible, in fact or in theory. The doubt has deepened as modernisation and rationalisation have spread horizontally to new domains at the same time that their vertical penetration has increased. This is not the place for a sociology of knowledge. Suffice it that by the end of the nineteenth century, modernisation appeared to be a method for increasing the social good. At the same time, from the cognitive point of view, the substantive, modernity, came to indicate a structure driven by an internal crisis. The doubt that produced positive social and political accomplishments turned on its own products, and turned too against itself. The critique of traditional forms of life and thought typical of the early, confident phase of modernity gave way to self-criticism.
U.S. Federal Fish Biologist Educational Requirements

The United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) sets standards for U.S. federal government jobs. Federal positions with similar occupational requirements are placed into categories within a ...
Embryology, Teratology, and Arrested Developmental Disorders in Otolaryngology

The normal embryonic development of the head and neck is reviewed, with emphasis on the branchial derivatives. To understand teratology and the arrested developmental disorders in otolaryngology, a knowledge of normal embryogenesis is important. A brief review of some important congenital anomalies and syndromes is presented.
Rethinking Moundville and Its Hinterland

Rethinking Moundville and Its Hinterland is the most recent edited volume on the Mississippian site of Moundville, located in modern day Alabama. The chapters were adapted from papers given at a 20...
Exploring perovskites for methane activation from first principles

The diversity of perovskites offers many opportunities for catalysis, but an overall trend has been elusive. Using density functional theory, we studied a large set of perovskites in the ABO3 formula via descriptors of oxygen reactivity such as vacancy formation energy, hydrogen adsorption energy, and the first C–H activation energy of methane. It was found that changing the identity of B within a period increases the oxygen reactivity from the early to late transition metals, while changing A within a group has a much smaller effect on oxygen reactivity. Within the same group, B in the 3d period has the most reactive lattice oxygen compared to the 4d or 5d period. Some perovskites display large differences in reactivity for different terminations. Further examination of the second C–H bond breaking on these perovskites revealed that larger A cations and non-transition metal B cations have higher activation energies, which is conducive to the formation of coupling products instead of oxidation to CO or CO2. Balance between the first C–H bond breaking and methyl desorption suggests a just right oxygen reactivity as described by the hydrogen adsorption energy. These insights may help in designing better perovskite catalysts for methane activation.
A clone specific monoclonal antibody which inhibits T cell-mediated cytolysis.

Functionally defined cloned T lymphocytes represent a homogeneous population of cells uniquely suited for the analysis of cell surface molecules involved in specific allorecognition, T cell clones expressing either cytolytic or amplifier functions have been derived in this laboratory from unidirectional secondary C57BL/6 anti-DBA/2 mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and have been maintained in long term culture (1). One cytolytic clone, designated L3, has been found to express cytolytic activity for the H-2d gene product (2). The L3 cell line has been used in the present study to derive and characterize a monoclonal antibody which reacts specifically with that cell line, and which is capable of inhibiting antigen specific cytolysis in the absence of complement.
The Effects of Response Effort and Choice on Productivity

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of response effort, novelty of stimulus arrangement, and choice on selecting behavior of an individual with profound mental retardation in a vocational setting. Data showed that: (a) novelty of stimulus array, not response effort, affected selecting behavior, and (b) choice affects behavior only to the extent that preferred outcomes are attained. Results are discussed in relation to matching theory.
Management of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Front Line Treatment

Over the past decades, a number of systemic treatment options for incurable, advanced non-small cell lung cancer have been developed. While untreated patients with this disease typically have a median overall survival of 4.5 months, this figure has exceeded the 12-month mark in the latest randomized phase III trials. Progress in drug development, combination chemotherapy, supportive care, and better selection of patients for specific treatments have contributed to improvements in outcome. In this chapter, we will present the key data that support the use of chemotherapy and biologic agents for the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. The following aspects will be discussed: selection and number of chemotherapy agents, duration of therapy, use of biologic drugs (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors), and management of elderly and poor performance status patients.
16 – In Cubo Crystallization of Membrane Proteins

Membrane proteins reside and function in cell or organelle membranes, and they play vital roles in a variety of cellular processes, such as energy and signal transduction, transport and recognition. The key reasons for the scarcity of membrane protein structures are 2-fold. First, overexpression and purification of membrane proteins is still a very challenging task. Second, those membrane proteins that can be overexpressed and purified in milligram amounts need to be crystallized in order for their structures to be determined by x-ray crystallography. This has been a major stumbling block in membrane biochemistry in the last decades, and efforts toward its alleviation are only now starting to bear fruit. This chapter focuses on practical aspects of a novel methodology developed recently for the solubilization, stabilization, and crystallization of membrane proteins using lipidic cubic phases—the in cubo crystallization.
Lily Gurton-Wachter, Watchwords: Romanticism and the Poetics of Attention

Review by Andrew Franta (University of Utah) of Lily Gurton-Wachter, Watchwords: Romanticism and the Poetics of Attention . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2016. Pp. xiii + 270. £48.00. ISBN: 9780804796958.
Structure and Function of Interconnected Critical Infrastructures

This paper presents ongoing research to understand the interplay between the structure and behavior of critical infrastructure systems. The National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP), Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD 21), and other documents underscore the need to conduct risk assessments on critical infrastructure and discover high-risk assets. Complicating this problem however, is that interdependencies that aren’t explicitly modeled as part of the system can be important and greatly impact the system being studied. For example, the reported BadBIOS attack illustrates that through unexpected interactions (e.g. inaudible sounds), systems thought to be air-gapped may communicate with one another. Moreover, the impact of a disruption may be defined relative to some spatial or temporal scale and this may not always be explicit in a risk assessment. By combining graph complexity metrics with simulation, we hope to efficiently identify critical assets as well as understand more about the relationship between structure and function with critical infrastructure systems. This paper presents preliminary results from the electrical power grid as part of our ongoing research effort.
The Utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Patients with Isolated Elevations in Serum Amylase and/or Lipase

Background/aims The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in patients with isolated elevated levels of amylase and/or lipase. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at a large academic medical center from 2000 to 2016. Patients were selected based on having elevated amylase, lipase, or both, but without a diagnosis of pancreatitis or known pancreatobiliary disease. Patients were excluded if they had abnormal liver function tests or abnormal imaging of the pancreas. Results Of 299 EUS procedures performed, 38 met inclusion criteria. Symptoms were present in 31 patients, most frequently abdominal pain (87%). In 20 patients (53%), initial EUS most commonly found chronic pancreatitis (n=7; 18%), sludge (5; 13%), or new diagnosis of pancreas divisum (3; 8%). In the asymptomatic patients (7), 3 had a finding on EUS, most importantly sludge (2), stone (1), and pancreas divisum (1). No patients were diagnosed with a mass or pancreatic cyst. During the follow up period, 6 patients (22%) had cholecystectomy. Conclusion In our study of patients with isolated elevations in amylase and/or lipase without acute pancreatitis who underwent EUS, approximately 50% had a pancreatobiliary finding, most commonly chronic pancreatitis or biliary sludge.
A facile strategy for photoactive nanocellulose-based antimicrobial materials

The prolonged survival of microbes on surfaces in high-traffic/high-contact environments drives the need for a more consistent and passive form of surface sterilization, with the goal of minimizing pathogen transmission. Here, we developed self-disinfecting materials through the covalent attachment of a porphyrin-based photosensitizer (PS) to nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and paper (Pap), imparting antimicrobial activity to these renewable scaffolds via photodynamically generated singlet oxygen. The facile covalent attachment of the free-base 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-N-methylpyridinium)porphyrin (A3B3+) and metallated [5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-N-methylpyridinium)porphyrinato]zinc(II) (Zn-A3B3+) photosensitizers was accomplished by aqueous cyanuric chloride coupling, avoiding the use of organic solvents of previous coupling strategies, while preventing PS leaching that is an issue with non-covalent PS incorportation strategies. Materials characterization and the degree of photosensitizer loading were determined by FTIR, elemental and TGA analyses, and UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The antimicrobial potencies of the resultant PS-NFC and PS-Pap materials were evaluated against four strains of bacteria recognized by the World Health Organization as either critical or high priority pathogens: Gram-positive strains methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; ATCC-44) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE; ATCC-2320), and Gram-negative strains multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB; ATCC-1605) and NDM-1 positive K. pneumoniae (KP; ATCC-2146). Our results demonstrated broad photodynamic inactivation of all strains studied upon illumination (30 min; 65 ± 5 mW cm−2; 400–700 nm) by a minimum of 99.999%. Antiviral studies against two enveloped viruses, dengue-1 (DENV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), revealed complete inactivation by both materials. Taken together, the results demonstrate the potential for photoactive NFC as the basis for sustainable broad spectrum anti-infective materials.
Forensic analysis of breakthrough curves in fractured bedrock to reconstruct a past contaminant release event—A case study

This work presents analysis of breakthrough curves collected from monitoring wells located around an impoundment that leaked produced water in fractured bedrock. The analysis demonstrated that frac...
Political cultures: measuring values heterogeneity

Using data from the World Values Survey, we analyze the extent to which value consensus exists within countries. To do this, we introduce a statistical model which allows us to generate country-level measures of cultural heterogeneity. Our statistical approach models each country as a mixture of subcultures that are shared across the world. Our results demonstrate that value consensus varies substantially across countries and regions.
Optimizing therapies for neurobehavioral comorbidities of epilepsy using chronic ambulatory electrocorticography

Abstract There is an unmet need to improve therapy for neuropsychiatric comorbidities that are highly prevalent in persons with epilepsy (PWE). However, diagnosing and monitoring the neurobehavioral symptoms is challenging as their presentation can overlap with seizures. In this retrospective study, we report the advantage of chronic ambulatory electrocorticography (ECoG) from implanted Responsive Neurostimulator System (RNS®) in characterizing these psychosomatic paroxysms as a possible ictal, postictal, or interictal phenomenon and how the diagnosis guided the therapy choices. Five out of 21 patients with RNS had neuropsychiatric symptoms (panic attack, psychosis, conversion, and somatization disorders) that overlapped with their seizure semiology and were found to benefit from the use of RNS ECoG data by timely diagnosing and titrating targeted therapies. The cases illustrate the use of RNS ECoG data in diagnosing and improving the management of comorbidities in PWE. The ability to access RNS ECoG data and correlate it with patient symptoms is unique among available therapeutic options for PWE.
NEURONAL CHANGE IN THE REGENERATING AND DEVELOPING INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of neuronal change in the regenerating and developing insect nervous system. The pattern of connections between units may be one of the critical parameters determining the behavioral output of an integrated system of nerve cells. Therefore, the question of what determines the establishment, maintenance, and possible change of neuronal connections during the life of an organism becomes of considerable interest. The chapter presents a summarization of the approach to this problem using cellular alterations induced by injury and regeneration in the central neurons of insects. It also describes a recently discovered insect larval preparation, where it may be possible to follow neuronal changes during development by the direct microscopic observation of nerve cells in the living intact organism. The chapter discusses the degenerative and regenerative changes at various sites in the cockroach neuromuscular system. It also describes the microscopic observation of living nerve cells during development.
CREB non-autonomously regulates Reproductive Aging through Hedgehog/Patched Signalling

Evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways are crucial for adjusting growth, reproduction, and cell maintenance in response to altered environmental conditions or energy balance. However, we have an incomplete understanding of the signaling networks and mechanistic changes that coordinate physiological changes across tissues. We found that loss of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor significantly slows Caenorhabditis elegans reproductive decline, an early hallmark of aging in many animals. Our results indicate that CREB acts downstream of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-{beta}) Sma/Mab pathway in the hypodermis to control reproductive aging, and that it does so by regulating a Hedgehog-related signaling factor, WRT-10. Overexpression of hypodermal wrt-10 is sufficient to delay reproductive decline and oocyte quality deterioration, potentially acting via Patched-related receptors in the germline. This TGF-{beta}/CREB/WRT-10 signaling axis allows a key metabolic tissue to communicate with the reproductive system to regulate oocyte quality and the rate of reproductive decline. HighlightsO_LIThe transcription factor CREB regulates oocyte quality and reproductive decline C_LIO_LIHypodermal CREB downstream of TGF-{beta} Sma/Mab signaling controls reproductive aging C_LIO_LICREB targets in the hypodermis include a Hedgehog-related signaling factor, wrt-10 C_LIO_LIWRT-10 regulates reproductive aging, potentially via germline Patched receptors C_LI eTOC BlurbTempleman et al. describe how CREB, a highly conserved transcription factor, is a central regulator of age-dependent reproductive decline. CREB acts downstream of the TGF-{beta} Sma/Mab pathway in the hypodermis, a key Caenorhabditis elegans metabolic tissue, to control oocyte quality maintenance and the rate of reproductive decline. Hypodermal CREB affects the expression of wrt-10, which encodes a Hedgehog-related signaling factor. The authors show that wrt-10 regulates reproductive aging, potentially via Patched-related receptors in the germline.
Approximations of practice as a framework for understanding authenticity in simulations of teaching

Human-in-the-loop simulation is a valuable tool that can support novice teachers in learning how to lead classroom discussions. We ground our use of simulation in a theory of practice-based teacher...
Reinforcement alone does not explain increased reproductive isolation in sympatry

Comparative studies of reproductive isolation (RI) by Coyne and Orr (1, 2) and others indicate a significant role for reinforcing natural selection in Drosophila speciation. The reinforcement hypothesis predicts increased prezygotic, but not postzygotic, RI between sympatric species pairs in response to maladaptive hybridization. We revisit this hypothesis and others using additional Drosophila, Lepidopteran, and toad (Bufo) data. In contrast to the predictions of reinforcement, we find increased premating and postzygotic RI between sympatric Drosophila species, including between recently diverged species pairs, as defined by Coyne and Orr (1) and others (i.e., DNei < 0.5). However, at slightly lower divergence thresholds increased postzygotic RI in sympatry is not statistically significant, while increased premating RI is, generally in agreement with the predictions of reinforcement. While premating data are unavailable, postzygotic RI is also increased between sympatric Lepidopteran and toad (Bufo) species. We find only modest support for "concordant asymmetries" in premating and postzygotic RI between sympatric Drosophila, described by others as uniquely supporting reinforcement. Finally, the proportion of geographic range overlap shared by species is positively associated with the magnitude of premating RI as predicted by reinforcement, but it is also positively associated with postzygotic RI, which cannot be explained by reinforcement. Taken together, our results demonstrate that comparisons of premating and postzygotic RI in sympatry depend greatly on divergence time, and suggest that fusion, extinction, and/or other mechanisms must combine with reinforcement to generate these patterns. Significance StatementUnderstanding mechanisms underlying the origin of species remains a central goal of biology. By combining laboratory estimates of premating and postzygotic reproductive isolation (RI) with phylogenetic hypotheses, geographic range data, and genetic divergence estimates, the fundamental meta-analyses of Coyne and Orr provided compelling support that reinforcement contributes significantly to Drosophila speciation. Using additional Drosophila data, we demonstrate increased premating and postzygotic RI in sympatry. Postzygotic RI is also increased in sympatry between Lepidopteran and toad species. We also find only modest support for patterns previously described as uniquely supporting reinforcement. Together, our analyses demonstrate that comparisons of premating and postzygotic RI depend on divergence time, and suggest that fusion, extinction, and/or other mechanisms combine with reinforcement to produce these patterns.
Central Sensitization Symptom Severity and Patient-Provider Relationships in a Community Setting:

IntroductionCentral sensitization syndromes (CSS) comprise an overlapping group of clinical conditions with the core feature of “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affectin...
The Themes of Work and Play in the Structure of Freud’s Thought

(1950). The Themes of Work and Play in the Structure of Freud’s Thought. Psychiatry: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1-16.
Comparison of the Constant and Linear Boundary Element Method for EEG and MEG Forward Modeling

We present a comparison of boundary element methods for solving the forward problem in EEG and MEG. We use the method of weighted residuals and focus on the collocation and Galerkin forms for constant and linear basis functions. We also examine the effect of the isolated skull approach for reducing numerical errors due to the low conductivity of the skull. We demonstrate the improvement that a linear Galerkin approach may yield in solving the forward problem.
Modeling and design of polythiophene gate electrode ChemFETs for environmental pollutant sensing

Water-borne pollutants such as volatile organic compounds are a serious environmental concern, which has increased the demand for chemical sensing elements. Solid-state sensors based on catalytic gate devices are a subject of current research, however they are restricted in practical applications because of their inability to operate at room temperature. Conducting polymer FETs, which employ a conducting gate polymer, have received much attention due to their unique electronic and optical properties. Polythiophene is chosen as the semi-conductive gate polymer in this work. A functional group attached to the polythiophene is used to detect analytes (i.e., mercury in this work) of interest. The selectivity of the derivitized polythiophene to mercury can be rationalized based on the size of the ring, presence of oxygen and nitrogen donor atoms. In this paper, the modeling and design of a polythiophene gate electrode ChemFET will be discussed. Specifically the model development and resultant device simulations using Silvaco TCAD will be presented. Using this model various current-voltage characteristics of the ChemFET corresponding to parameters such as substrate doping, gate oxide thickness, various gate stacks, and device geometries are presented.
Extinction ratio of injection-locked VCSELs

In this paper, optical extinction ratio for various injection locking parameters (detuning and power) is characterized, showing that it varies with the locking parameters. Conditions where an extinction ratio of > 8.2 dB (SONET standards) is possible are observed, together with a flat frequency response and greatly enhanced resonance frequency. CW light-current (LI) characteristics are also investigated.
Does the type of tibial component affect mechanical alignment in unicompartmental knee replacement

PURPOSE: There are a number of factors responsible for the longevity of unicompartmental knee replacements UKR. These include the magnitude of postoperative alignment and the type of material used. The effect of component design and material on postoperative alignment, however, has not been explored.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 89 patients who underwent UKR with robotic guidance. Patients were divided into two groups, according to whether they had received an all-polyethylene inlay component Inlay group or a metal-backed onlay component Onlay group. We explored the magnitude of mechanical alignment correction obtained in both groups. RESULTS: Mean postoperative mechanical alignment was significantly closer to neutral in the Onlay group mean=2.8°; 95% CI=2.4°, 3.2° compared to the Inlay group mean=3.9°; 95% CI=3.4°, 4.4° R^{2}=0.65; P=0.003, adjusting for gender, BMI, age, side and preoperative mechanical alignment Fig. 2. Further exploration revealed that the thickness of the tibial polyethyelene insert had a significant effect on postoperative alignment when added to the model R^{2}=0.68; P=0.01. CONCLUSION: Patients who received a metal-backed Onlay tibial component obtained better postoperative mechanical alignment compared to those who received all-polyethylene Inlay prostheses. The thicker overall construct of Onlay prostheses appears to be an important determinant of postoperative alignment. Considering their higher survivorship rates and improved postoperative mechanical alignment, Onlay prostheses should be the first option when performing medial UKR.
Bayesian Interim Analysis of Weibull Regression Models with Gamma Frailty

This paper considers the problem of planning prospective clinical studies where the primary endpoint is a terminal event and the response variable is a survival time. It is assumed that the lifetimes of the individuals in the study display extra-Weibull variability that causes the usual proportional hazards assumption to fail. The introduction of a Gamma-distributed frailty term to accommodate the between-subject heterogeneity leads to a logarithmic F accelerated failure time model to which the second-order expansions of Papandonatos & Geisser [1] can be applied. The predictive simulation approach of Papandonatos & Geisser [2] can then be used to evaluate the length of the study period needed for a Bayesian hypothesis testing procedure to achieve a conclusive result.
The transformation hierarchy in the era of multi-core

The transformation hierarchy is the name I have given to the mechanism that converts problems stated in natural language (English, Spanish, Hindi, Japanese, etc.) to the electronic circuits of the computer that actually does the work of producing a solution. The problem is first transformed from a natural language description into an algorithm, and then to a program in some mechanical language, then compiled to the ISA of the particular processor, which is implemented in a microarchitecture, built out of circuits. At each step of the transformation hierarchy, there are choices. These choices enable one to optimize the process to accomodate some optimization criterion. Usually, that criterion is microprocessor performance. Up to now, optimizations have been done mostly within each of the layers, with artifical barriers in place between the layers. It has not been the case (with a few exceptions) that knowledge at one layer has been leveraged to impact optimization of other layers. I submit, that with the current growth rate of semiconductor technology, this luxury of operating within a transformation layer will no longer be the common case. This growth rate (now more than a billion trnasistors on a chip is possible) has ushered in the era of the chip multiprocessor. That is, we are entering Phase II of Microprocessor Performance Improvement, where improvements will come from breaking the barriers that separate the transformation layers. In this talk, I will suggest some of the ways in which this will be done.
Hypothalamic control of prolactin secretion.

Publisher Summary This chapter emphasizes the current concepts and observations hypothalamic control of prolactin secretion. The regulation of prolactin secretion is exerted by the hypothalamus, and involves the action of a prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF), a possible prolactin-releasing factor (PRF), catecholamines, serotonin, and other biogenic amines—all produced in the hypothalamus. Some other agents that stimulate or inhibit prolactin secretion including estrogen, the suckling stimulus, stresses, several drugs, and prolactin, act through hypothalamic mechanism. However, there are some hormones and drugs that can directly influence the anterior pituitary to increase or decrease prolactin secretion, although several of these also can act through the hypothalamus. The interference with hypothalamic pathways to the anterior pituitary by appropriate hypothalamic lesions, stalk section, pituitary transplantation or by administration of certain drugs, results in augmented prolactin release. PIF release from the median eminence is at least partially under the regulation of biogenic amines. The physiological importance of circulating prolactin in controlling secretion of pituitary prolactin remains to be elucidated. The ability of many drugs to either increase or depress prolactin release suggests a useful approach for controlling the secretion and functions of prolactin in the organism.
Portal hypertensive gastropathy: a review.

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) occurs as a complication of cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Although the pathogenesis of PHG is not completely understood, evidence suggests that the key factor for the development of PHG is portal hypertension. PHG is clinically important because it may cause acute (and even) massive or insidious, blood loss. The diagnosis of PHG is (only) made endoscopically; it is most often characterized by an abnormality of the gastric mucosa described as a mosaic-like pattern resembling ‘snake-skin’, with or without red spots and the endoscopic pattern is key its diagnosis. Unfortunately, standardization of the endoscopic diagnostic criteria for PHG is poor and consensus is generally lacking, resulting in a wide range of reported prevalence. Pharmacological therapies, presumably reducing portal pressure and gastric blood flow, have been used to treat acute bleeding; propanolol, a non-selective β-blocker (24–480 mg/day), has been used most frequently. Endoscopic treatment for PHG bleeding plays a small, if any, role in the treatment of PHG. TIPS and shunt surgery have not been extensively analysed as a treatment for acute or chronic PHG bleeding, but they appear to lessen the severity of PHG. Secondary prophylaxis of PHG bleeding with non-selective β-blockers is recommended. There is not enough evidence to support the use of β-blockers in primary prophylaxis of PHG bleeding, even in cases of severe PHG (however, non-selective β-blockers are recommended if varices are present). Further studies are needed to clarify the role of PHG in suspected chronic gastrointestinal bleeding.
Transcutaneous monitor approximates PaCO2 but not PaO2 in anesthetized rabbits

Abstract Objective To compare the accuracy of transcutaneous (tc) to arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ) and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) in anesthetized rabbits. Study design Prospective, randomized, experimental study. Animals Eight healthy adult female New Zealand white rabbits weighing 4.05 ± 0.30 kg. Methods Isoflurane anesthetized rabbits received six treatments in random order; PaCO 2 45 mmHg and PaO 2 200 mmHg. Arterial and transcutaneous measurements were taken after 15 minutes of stabilization at each condition. Linear regression, correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to compare PtcCO 2 to PaCO 2 and PtcO 2 to PaO 2 . Results Over a range of measured PaCO 2 values from 21 to 67 mmHg ( n = 24) mean bias for PtcCO 2 was -1 mmHg and the 95% limits of agreement were -7 to 5 mmHg. The correlation between PtcCO 2 and PaCO 2 was strong with R 2 value of 0.9454. Over the entire range of measured PaO 2 values (46-508 mmHg) mean bias for PtcO 2 was -61 mmHg and the 95% limits of agreement were -226 to 104 mmHg. Correlation was poor with R 2 = 0.5969. Comparing PtcO 2 to PaO 2 over a narrower range [PaO 2 n = 13)] improved the correlation, with an R 2 value of 0.8518, mean bias of -7 mmHg and 95% limits of agreement from -33 to 19 mmHg. Conclusions and clinical relevance In healthy anesthetized rabbits, PtcCO 2 closely approximated PaCO 2 . In contrast PtcO 2 underestimated PaO 2 , particularly at high values. The PtcCO 2 sensor may be a useful noninvasive way to assess adequacy of ventilation in anesthetized rabbits.
Reverse Engineering Epistemic Evaluations

What is the function of words like ‘irrational’ as used in ordinary epistemic evaluations? I’m thinking of simple evaluations: criticism like ‘Smith’s belief that Obama’s a Muslim is irrational’ or praise like ‘Green’s belief that all humans are mortal is rational’. We don’t make such claims just for the sake of it, just for fun, or for no reason at all. So what is the real point or purpose of this epistemically evaluative aspect of our linguistic practice? It must have some utility, but what? What would we lose if epistemically evaluative words suddenly disappeared from our vocabulary?1 The question requires some motivation, since discovering a word’s function doesn’t necessarily call for armchair philosophy. Some words might ∗I pronounce it, when speaking English, like this: sin ·on dor ·uh·mudge·uh. The question of this paper thus contrasts with the timeworn questions of how to give necessary and sufficient conditions for this or that philosophically interesting property. There are, however, a few excellent philosophical explorations of the function of this or that philosophically interesting word or concept. In philosophy of logic and language, Quine offered an elegantly simple insight about the utility of the truth predicate which precipitated the contemporary development of deflationism about truth; see Quine (1970), Leeds (1978), Horwich (1990/98), and Field (1994). In metaphysics, a series of recent papers on modality have broached the fascinating issue of the function of modal concepts; see Kment (2006), chapter 5 of Williamson (2007), and Divers (2010). In epistemology, there is Edward Craig’s wonderful and underappreciated book, Knowledge and the State of Nature, Craig (1990). Some recent work by Steven Reynolds, brought to my attention only after this paper was given at the Rutgers Epistemology Conference, is closely related to Craig’s project; see Reynolds (2002). Though Craig and Reynolds write about knowledge rather than rationality or justification, there are obvious common themes and specific points of contact between their views and the view I will be developing. The most notable common theme is the general importance we assign to the role of testimony in the function epistemic language. One major difference, since they write about knowledge and not rationality, is that their views are not designed to explain the puzzle I will be raising shortly.
Racial-Nationalism and Representations of Citizenship: The Recalcitrant Alien, the Citizen of Convenience and the Fraudulent Citizen

This paper traces racial-nationalism through three recent sites of controversy relating to citizenship: the banning of face coverings while swearing the citizenship oath, the evacuation of Canadians abroad and the revocation of the citizenship of 1,800 alleged to have gained citizenship through fraudulent means. Racial-nationalism is an architecture of race-thinking defined by (1) cultural racism, which operates as a strategy of “sorting out” outsiders from insiders and (2) expulsion or what Hage refers to as the logic of pure exclusion. Through an interrogation of online reader commentary responding to news reporting, this paper examines three allegorical figures at the core of public discourses representing citizenship: the recalcitrant alien, the citizen of convenience and the fraudulent citizen.
Forecasting Engineering News-Record Construction Cost Index Using Multivariate Time Series Models

AbstractThe construction cost index (CCI), which has been published monthly in the United States by Engineering News-Record (ENR), is subject to significant variations. These variations are problematic for cost estimation, bid preparation, and investment planning. The accurate prediction of CCI can be invaluable for cost estimation and budgeting of capital projects, and can result in accurate bids. The research objective of this paper is to create appropriate multivariate time series models for forecasting CCI based on a group of explanatory variables that are identified by using Granger causality tests. The results of cointegration tests recommend vector error correction (VEC) models as the proper type of multivariate time series models to forecast CCI. Several VEC models are created and compared with existing univariate time series models for forecasting CCI. It is shown that the CCI predicted by these VEC models is more accurate than that predicted by the previously proposed univariate models (i.e., se...
Stress control of Mo/Si-based multilayer coatings deposited by ion-beam sputtering

We have developed a new stress control technique in which modified molybdenum (Mo)/silicon (Si) multilayers are deposited by ion-beam sputtering, together with a method of sub-multilayering of each Mo layer into a trilayer of Mo/ruthenium (Ru)/Mo and a method of ion-beam polishing (IBP) after the deposition of each Mo layer. We fabricated conventional and stress-controlled Mo/Si multilayer coatings using an ion-beam sputtering system and measured the internal stress of these coatings. The conventional Mo/Si multilayers had a compressive stress of approximately - 450 MPa, while the stress-controlled multilayers had a tensile stress of +13 MPa. The modified Mo/Si multilayers had the same reflectivity as and a slightly larger bandwidth than the conventional ones. For the purpose of investigating the mechanism of stress control, we have developed an in situ stress monitoring system using an electrostatic capacitance. For single-layer Mo films, tensile stress was observed in the early stage of film growth. In the case of the conventional Mo/Si multilayers, partial stress was tensile during the deposition of Mo layers, but became compressive during the deposition of Si layers. In the case of the stress-controlled multilayers, it was observed that IBP of the surface of each Mo layer suppressed the generation of compressive stress in the ensuing Si layers.