cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adolescent's Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Infant Feeding 83

Breastfeeding is the optimal form of feeding for the healthy term infant, yet the United States still lags well behind the Healthy People-2000 goal of 75% mothers breastfeeding at hospital discharge. In order to further explore appropriate times for educational intervention and the knowledge base of teenagers regarding various forms of infant feeding we conducted a cross-sectional study of the attitudes and knowledge of a group of high school students. An instrument was developed based upon our previous studies that included units relating to demographics (20 items), attitudes (41 items, three factors), and behavioral capability or knowledge (18 items). These latter two units have consistently correlated with maternal initiation of breastfeeding. Completed instruments were collected from 161 students (85 male, 76 female), 14-19 years old, in grades 9 to 12, including Anglo- (70), African- (58), and Hispanic-Americans (26). The respondents' sex and age were generally not associated with their attitudes or behavioral capability towards breastfeeding, however, Black-Americans scored low (3.6 vs 5.1 for Anglos and 5.5 for Hispanics, p=0.012) on this latter measure. Despite the high proportion (74%) that felt that breastfeeding was the best form of nutrition, only 33% would breastfeed their own infants. Their attitudes(table below) reflected high scores for benefits of breastfeeding (BF) and low scores for costs of formula feeding (FF) if they thought breastfeeding was best or if they would breastfeed in the future(*p<0.05). In conclusion this adolescent population has a very low knowledge base (mean score 5.2) compared to older women just having their first baby (10.1) and, thus, represents an excellent point of educational intervention as a component of their health training for programs designed to increase the rate of breastfeeding.
Extracardiac abnormalities on myocardial perfusion imaging in a patient undergoing liver transplantation

left The 24% abn chan mod perf dysf estin sign was shru tom ican Case report. A 61-year-old man with cryptogenic r cirrhosis was admitted to the hospital with hemateis. Endoscopy showed grade II bleeding esophageal ces. He had long-standing diabetes, hypertension, erlipidemia, and coronary artery disease. He had ergone coronary artery bypass grafting 22 years and ears earlier. He had a myocardial infarction 2 years ier and also received a permanent pacemaker for ope 1 year earlier. He was considered for liver splantation on this admission. As a part of his perative cardiac evaluation, he was referred for rmacologic stress-rest perfusion imaging.
The interaction of alkoxy silane coupling agents with silica surfaces

The interactions of γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (A-1100), γ-methacryloxytrimethoxy silane (A-174), γ-glycidoxytrimethoxy silane (A-187), and ethyltriethoxy silane (A-15) with silica surfaces have been studied by means of infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the major force holding the silane to the silica surface after application from dilute solutions is primary chemical bonding. These bonds are formed by a condensation reaction between silanols on the hydrolyzed form of the silane and hydroxyl groups on the silica surface. In the case of the amino-silane (A-1100), hydrogen bonding was found to exist but was of minor importance in bonding the silane to the surface. In studying the effects of the addition of water, acetic acid, or n-propylamine to various silane treating solutions, it was found that n-propylamine has a unique catalytic effect on the condensation reaction. This catalytic effect explains the observation that γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane is more reactive than the other silanes studied. It is felt that silanes not containing an amine group can be made more effective if they are applied in the presence of an amine catalyst.
Disparities and antecedents to cancer prevention information seeking among cancer patients and caregivers attending a Minority-Serving Cancer Center

Cancer prevention information (CPI) needs are common among cancer patients and their families, but processes of CPI seeking following cancer diagnosis are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to examine antecedents of CPI seeking among a diverse sample of patients and their caregivers. Findings revealed high levels of perceived personal importance of CPI and motivational factors (health consciousness), but almost half of respondents never sought CPI. Non-seekers were more likely to have lower household income and educational attainment. Minority respondents were less likely to seek CPI compared with non-Hispanic Whites, with increased risk among Spanish-speaking Hispanics. However, only educational attainment, health consciousness, and marital status were significant predictors of CPI seeking in the final logistic regression model. These disparities demonstrate the need for communication interventions in healthcare settings.
Adaptive Fuzzy PID Applied in Steam Pressure Control System

Boiler steam pressure control system is important because of affecting the turbine speed directly. In engineering, the steam pressure control system is mostly dominated by traditional PID control. But the traditional PID control strategy can’t obtain satisfied control effects with the changing of the fuel and give-wind flow. The use of intelligent control strategy has been studied in recent years in order to improve steam pressure control. In this paper steam pressure control system with adaptive fuzzy PID control is presented, and the simulation results based on MATLAB show that the proposed algorithm can largely improve the system response performance compared to the traditional PID control.
Percutaneous transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis and treatment of aspiration pneumonia in children

Seventy-four transtracheal aspirations and expectorated sputum specimens were collected from a number of children with aspiration pneumonia. The aspirates were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Cultures obtained through TTA contained fewer pathogens than in cultures of expectorated sputum. Gram stains of TTA aspirates offered prompt presumptive bacteriologic diagnosis in 93% of patients, whereas Gram stains of expectorated sputum were not specific. The recovery of Gram-negative enteric rods in the TTA aspirate provided guidance in adding an aminoglycoside to the antimicrobial therapy in 35 children (47%). Side effects of TTA included mild hemoptysis and, in rare instances, subcutaneous emphysema. We found TTA to be a generally safe and useful procedure in the diagnosis and therapy of aspiration pneumonia in children.
Binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to a specific site located near the 3′-end of the avian sarcoma virus genome

Abstract We have isolated a unique 35 base pair region of avian tumor virus DNA that binds specifically to Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme. Studies with various size classes of viral DNA coupled with restriction enzyme mapping data indicate that the binding site is located in the large terminal repeat of the viral genome and is within the first 50 nucleotides of the heteropolymeric region corresponding to the 3′-end of the virion RNA.
Membrane perturbation of macrophages stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Abstract Macrophages recovered from regressing Moloney sarcomas lose their capacity to kill tumor cells when held 12–24 h in culture. Exposure of this population to low concentrations (ng/ml range) of bacterial lipopolysaccharide will cause a rapid resurgence of cytolytic activity, however. By using electron spin resonance techniques and either 5- or 12-doxyl stearate spin labels, we have shown that exposure of cultured tumor macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/ml) is followed by plasma membrane perturbation. The change was most pronounced 3–4 h after stimulation, and had subsided within 5–6 h. The relationship of the described perturbation to the induction of killing cannot be determined from these studies; however, neither cytolytic activity nor the membrane change developed in other kinds of macrophages exposed to similar concentrations of lipopolysaccharide.
Likely costs of consumer advanced television (ATV) technology

In order to better understand the likely costs of advanced television (ATV) receivers, a personal computer based cost model was developed that projects receiver prices under a number of possible scenarios. A description is given of the structure of the model and the assumptions upon which it is based. as well as the model outputs in the form of projected receiver costs under relevant scenarios. The PC spreadsheet-based cost model projects ATV receiver prices by building up from the cost of components to the full retail price. The scenario to be modeled is selected by choosing certain physical characteristics of the receiver as well as when and how quickly receivers are introduced. >
Educating manufacturing professionals for the 21 st century

Abstract This paper discusses ongoing work at North Carolina A&T State University (NCA&T) as a member of the Product Realization Consortium, . The mission of this Consortium is to launch a systematic reform of undergraduate manufacturing engineering education and faculty culture in the United States.
The librarian's role in the governance of higher education

The issue of who shall govern higher education has been hotly debated in the 1960s and 1970s both in the United States and abroad. Campus unrest such as that which occurred at Berkeley in 1964 and San Francisco in 1968, focused attention on the changing roles of governing procedures in colleges and universities. More people are demanding voices in educational practices, especially those that touch them most directly. Faculty support personnel (many of whom are highly trained), the general staff (secretaries, janitors, etc.), women, minorities, and not astonishingly, students, have asked or demanded participation in the educational process. Once received, this participation has affected all levels of higher education, including libraries.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF CARDIAC OUTPUT DETERMINATION IN MAN BY THE DIRECT FICK PRINCIPLE.

SUMMARY The results of cardiac index, oxygen consumption, arteriovenous oxygen difference and respiratory quotient determinations in triplicate in 300 studies and in duplicate in 100 studies are presented. The median relative error between duplicate or triplicate determinations ranged between 3 to 6 per cent for the above four parameters, demonstrating the high degree of reproducibility of Fick cardiac output data in this laboratory. These parameters are reproducible within 10 per cent in 80 to 85 per cent and within 15 per cent in more than 95 per cent of the observations made.
Bioelectric activity of the central nervous system in normal and diapausing alfalfa weevils.

As part of a comprehensive investigation of the physiology of summer diapause (aestivation) common to the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica, Gyllenhal) in the south-east United States, we have examined the bioelectrical activity of its central nervous system.
Effects of Selected Fungicides on Growth and Development of Larval Honey Bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of incorporating selected almond fungicides into the diet of larval honey bees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus. One-day-old larvae, from mixed Italian stocks, were grafted to basic larval diet or basic diet containing various fungicides. Experimental concentrations were calculated from field dose application rates of formulated product per hectare. Larvae were transferred to fresh diet daily and incubated in the dark at 35°C and 95% RH. After defecation, prepupae were moved into a dark incubator at 35°C and 75% RH. Mortalities of larvae, prepupae, and pupae were recorded daily. No larvae fed Captan, Rovral, or Ziram completed development to adults. In the case of Rovral, a novel amorphogenic effect was observed. There were no significant differences in total mortality between the controls and larvae fed Abound, Elevate, Flint, Rally, and Vangard.
High Harmonic Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Harsh Environment Sensor Applications

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are ideal candidates for gas sensors due to their small size, low cost of production and high sensitivity. Increasing restrictions on pollution and emissions create the necessity for sensors that can operate in the harsh environments found in vehicle exhaust systems and industrial production. Gallium nitride (GaN) is a robust, chemically inert, piezoelectric semiconductor, making it an attractive material for SAW devices designed to detect and monitor gases in harsh environments. In this work, SAW devices designed to operate at the 5th and 7th harmonics are fabricated on GaN thin films and their performance is measured through insertion loss, signal to noise ratio, operating frequency and quality factor. Devices are directly exposed to the exhaust gas of a common diesel engine. Device performance is then re-measured and compared. SAW devices fabricated in this work have measured operating frequencies above 1 GHz, and quality factors up to and higher than 2000, depending on the harmonic mode. SAW devices on GaN showed good chemical stability and measured changes in device performance after exhaust exposure was negligible.
Analysis of the High-Affinity Iron Uptake System at the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plasma Membrane

Multicopper ferroxidases play a vital role in iron metabolism in bacteria, fungi, algae, and mammals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizes a channeling mechanism to couple the ferroxidase activity of Fet3p to Fe3+ transport into the cell by Ftr1p. In contrast, the mechanisms by which mammals couple the ferroxidase reaction to iron trafficking is unclear. The human ferroxidases ceruloplasmin and hephaestin are twice the size of Fet3p and interact with proteins that are not expressed in fungi. Chlamydomonas FOX1 is a homolog of the human ferroxidases but likely supports iron uptake in a manner similar to that of yeast, since Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expresses a ferric iron permease homolog, FTR1. The results presented support this hypothesis. We show that FOX1 is trafficked to the plasma membrane and is oriented with its multicopper oxidase/ferroxidase domain in the exocytoplasmic space. Our analysis of FTR1 indicates its topology is similar to that of S. cerevisiae Ftr1p, with a potential exocytoplasmic iron channeling motif and two potential iron permeation motifs in membrane-spanning regions. We demonstrate that high-affinity iron uptake is dependent on FOX1 and the copper status of the cell. Kinetic inhibition of high-affinity iron uptake by a ferric iron chelator does not reflect the strength of the chelator, supporting a ferric iron channeling mechanism for high-affinity iron uptake in Chlamydomonas. Last, recombinant FOX1 (rFOX1) has been isolated in a partially holo form that exhibits the UV-visible absorbance spectrum of a multicopper oxidase and the catalytic activity of a ferroxidase.
Cerebral metabolic rate of the fetal sheep

A new method is described for measuring cerebral metabolism of the fetal lamb in utero. Rate of local brain heat production was computed from measured specific heat and rate of temperature rise of brain following brief total ischemia. Values of heat production were derived from previous measurements of oxygen consumption and compared to values measured by the direct calorimetric technique described herein. Additionally, both the virtues and drawbacks of the method are evaluated.
Capital Shortfall: A New Approach to Ranking and Regulating Systemic Risks †

The financial crisis of 2007-2009 has given way to the sovereign debt crisis of 2010-2012, yet many of the banking issues remain the same. We discuss a method to estimate the capital that a financial firm would need to raise if we have another financial crisis. This measure of capital shortfall is based on publicly available information but is conceptually similar to the stress tests conducted by US and European regulators. We argue that this measure summarizes the major characteristics of systemic risk and provides a reliable interpretation of the past and current financial crises.
Immuno-electron cryo-microscopy imaging reveals a looped topology of apoB at the surface of human LDL.

A single copy of apoB is the sole protein component of human LDL. ApoB is crucial for LDL particle stabilization and is the ligand for LDL receptor, through which cholesterol is delivered to cells. Dysregulation of the pathways of LDL metabolism is well documented in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. However, an understanding of the structure of LDL and apoB underlying these biological processes remains limited. In this study, we derived a 22 A-resolution three-dimensional (3D) density map of LDL using cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction, which showed a backbone of high-density regions that encircle the LDL particle. Additional high-density belts complemented this backbone high density to enclose the edge of the LDL particle. Image reconstructions of monoclonal antibody-labeled LDL located six epitopes in five putative domains of apoB in 3D. Epitopes in the LDL receptor binding domain were located on one side of the LDL particle, and epitopes in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of apoB were in close proximity at the front side of the particle. Such image information revealed a looped topology of apoB on the LDL surface and demonstrated the active role of apoB in maintaining the shape of the LDL particle.
Appendix: A critical examination of rainfall variability measures used in behavioral ecology studies

In these pages, Dunbar (1992) proposed two mea-sures of rainfall variability for use in behavioral ecol-ogy models. Bronikowski and Altmann (1996) similarlyrecognized the need to quantify rainfall variability ina behaviorally meaningful manner in variable environ-ments. In this note, we Þrst present results from a sim-ulation study exploring various metrics of annualrainfall distribution in an attempt to identify measuresmost appropriate for behavioral studies. We then showhow the choice of measure a⁄ects the interpretation ofthe importance of rainfall variability to behavioral vari-ability by using the data presented in Bronikowski andAltmann (1996).The metrics analyzed herein include annual mea-sures of rainfall evenness (the spread of rainfall acrossthe months of a given year), the annual coeƒcient ofvariation across months (Sokal and Rohlf 1981), thestandard deviation of mean monthly rainfall, and thenumber of dry months in a given year. We treat theevenness variables Þrst and then analyze the other vari-ability measures.Evenness of rainfallFor rainfall evenness, formulas were used from thespecies diversity literature. These measures resect boththe number of species and the relative abundance ofthese species (Magurran 1988). To apply diversity mea-sures to rainfall, the number of species is analogous tothe number of months in a year (i.e., a constant 12)and the proportion of the total sample in each speciesis analogous to the proportion of total annual rainfallin each month. A diversity index equal to one impliescomplete evenness (i.e., equivalent amounts of rain ineach month) and an index equal to zero implies com-plete unevenness (i.e., all rain in 1 month). The diver-sity measures analyzed include dominance measures(Simpson, McIntosh, and Berger-Parker indices) andinformation theory measures (Shannon and Brillouinindices) (Table 1). Dominance measures weight thediversity index towards the dominant month (i.e., themonth with the most rainfall). In practice, this meansthat as the amount of rainfall increases in one month,and the amounts in all the other months stay constant,a dominance diversity index decreases faster than anon-dominance measure (i.e., the more uneven rainfallwill appear). Information theory measures use the nat-ural logarithm of monthly proportional rainfall. Bothdominance and information measures account for the
Interaction of Intracellular Ion Buffering with Transmembrane-coupled Ion Transport

The role of the Na/Ca exchanger in the control of cellular excitability and tension development is a subject of current interest in cardiac physiology. It has been suggested that this coupled transporter is responsible for rapid changes in intracellular calcium activity during single beats, generation of plateau currents, which control action potential duration, and control of intracellular sodium during Na/K pump suppression, which may occur during terminal states of ischemia. The actual behavior of this exchanger is likely to be complex for several reasons. First, the exchanger transports two ionic species and thus its instantaneous flux rate depends on both intracellular sodium and calcium activity. Secondly, the alteration in intracellular calcium activity, which is caused by a given transmembrane calcium flux, and which controls the subsequent exchanger rate, is a complex function of available intracellular calcium buffering. The buffers convert the ongoing transmembrane calcium fluxes into changes in activity that are a small and variable fraction of the change in total calcium concentration. Using a number of simple assumptions, we model changes in intracellular calcium and sodium concentration under the influence of Na/Ca exchange, Na/K ATPase and Ca-ATPase pumps, and passive sodium and calcium currents during periods of suppression and reactivation of the Na/K ATPase pump. The goal is to see whether and to what extent general notions of the role of the Na/Ca exchanger used in planning and interpreting experimental studies are consistent with its function as derived from current mechanistic assumptions about the exchanger. We find, for example, that based on even very high estimates of intracellular calcium buffering, it is unlikely that Na/Ca exchange alone can control intracellular sodium during prolonged Na/K pump blockade. It is also shown that Na/Ca exchange can contaminate measurements of Na/K pump currents under a variety of experimental conditions. The way in which these and other functions are affected by the dissociation constants and total capacity of the intracellular calcium buffers are also explored in detail.
SMART: a modular architecture for robotics and teleoperation

SMART (Sequential Modular Architecture for Robotics and Teleoperation) is introduced. SMART is designed to integrate the different slave devices (e.g., large hydraulic arms, mobile manipulators, gantry robots), sensors (e.g., ultrasonic sensors, force sensors) and input devices, (e.g., space ball, force-reflecting master, autonomous trajectory generators) required for waste management and environmental restoration tasks. The modular architecture allows for rapid synthesis of complex telerobotic systems. Some sample modules are discussed. It is shown how the modules can be connected to achieve telerobotic behavior. Examples include autonomous control, impedance control, and enhanced bilateral teleoperation. >
Synaptically released histamine increases dye coupling among vasopressinergic neurons of the supraoptic nucleus: mediation by H1 receptors and cyclic nucleotides

Activating direct olfactory (glutamatergic) inputs to supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons increases interneuronal coupling in slices from lactating but from not virgin or male rats. Studied here were influences on coupling of another monosynaptic input to SON, the histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus (TM) projection, activation of which selectively excites phasically firing (putative vasopressin) cells. Effects of TM stimulation and its possible downstream consequences on Lucifer yellow (LY) dye coupling among putative vasopressin cells were determined in male rat SONs. In unstimulated slices, 12 LY injections (1 cell/SON) yielded eight single and four pairs of coupled neurons. In slices in which TM was stimulated for 10 min at 10 Hz, 13 injections yielded 4 single and 28 coupled cells, with groups of 2 to 4 cells coupled to the injected neuron, a threefold increase in the number of coupled cells per injection (p < 0.02). Bathing slices in medium containing 10 microM pyrilamine (H1 antagonist) blocked this stimulation-induced coupling increase, suggesting mediation by activation of guanylate cyclase-cGMP to which H1 receptors often are linked . Bathing slices in medium containing 0.5-1 mM 8-bromo-cGMP yielded results similar to those of TM stimulation, a 2.5-fold increase over control in the number of coupled cells per injection. Effects of TM stimulation on coupling also were blocked by bathing slices in a guanylate cyclase inhibitor (10 microM LY83583). In contrast to cGMP, 1 mM 8-bromo-cAMP significantly reduced coupling. We conclude that synaptically released histamine increases coupling via cGMP-dependent mechanisms.
Over 100 Gb/s Electro-Optically Multiplexed OFDM for High-Capacity Optical Transport Network

100-Gb/s-class high-speed transmission technologies are essential to realize future 100 G Ethernet transmission over wide area networks. Optical OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is promising for high-speed transmission because of its narrow bandwidth and superior tolerance to chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion. In this paper, we show numerically that the nonlinear tolerance of optical OFDM increases as the subcarriers is decreased and describe novel electro-optic subcarrier multiplexing scheme to generate an over 100 Gb/s high speed optical OFDM signal with a small number of subcarriers. We successfully generate a 100 G-class optical OFDM signal and demonstrate transmission over 80-km of ITU-T G.652 single-mode fiber without dispersion compensation.
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided ablation therapy

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) imaging has undergone extensive technological advancement since its development in the 1980s, including improvement of echoendoscopes with larger channels and accessories.These advancements enable not only tissue procurement for diagnosis but also therapeutic interventions that hitherto would have required surgery, with its attendant risks. A wide array of interventional procedures are performed under EUS guidance, including celiac plexus neurolysis, drainage of pancreatic and pelvic fluid collections, drainage of obstructive pancreatic-biliary ducts, ablation of cyst neoplasms in the pancreas, and implantation of fiducial markers and radioactive seeds into gastrointestinal tumors. Various experimental procedures are also underway to evaluate the role of EUS in radiofrequency ablation, vascular therapy, and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. In this review, we examine the various EUS-guided ablation therapies currently undertaken in humans.
Kidney-Derived Stromal Cells Modulate Dendritic and T Cell Responses

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from the bone marrow ameliorate acute kidney injury through a mechanism other than transdifferentiation into renal tissue. Stromal cells exert immunoregulatory effects on dendritic and T cells, both of which are important in the pathophysiology of immune-mediated kidney injury. We hypothesized that similar cells with immunoregulatory function exist within the adult kidney. We isolated murine kidney-derived cells with morphologic features, growth properties, and an immunophenotype characteristic of mesenchymal stromal cells. These cells lacked lineage markers and could be differentiated into mesodermal cell lineages, including osteocytes and adipocytes. Furthermore, these kidney-derived cells induced the generation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with significantly reduced MHC II expression, increased CD80 expression, increased IL-10 production and the inability to stimulate CD4+ T cell proliferation in allogeneic and nominal antigen-specific cultures. Experiments in mixed and transwell cultures demonstrated that the production of soluble immune modulators, such as IL-6, was responsible for these effects on dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. Contact-dependent mechanisms, however, inhibited mitogenic T cell proliferation. In summary, kidney-derived cells may suppress inflammation in the kidney in vivo; a better understanding of their biology could have therapeutic implications in a wide variety of immune-mediated kidney diseases.
Digoxin uptake into peripheral autonomic cardiac nerves: Possible mechanism of digitalis-induced antiarrhythmic and toxic electrophysiologic actions

It is generally accepted that certain cardiac rhythm disturbances are due to imbalances between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. We have provided evidence that digoxin is concentrated in the peripheral nervous system of the heart as well as in the central nervous system. Previous findings have indicated that cardiac glycosides may directly or indirectly affect autonomic neurotransmitters. Therefore the uptake of digoxin into the peripheral cardiac nervous system may play an important role in both the antiarrhythmic and toxic electrophysiologic actions of digoxin.
The effects of a novel resuscitation strategy combining pentoxifylline and hypertonic saline on neutrophil MAPK signaling.

Background The combination of hypertonic saline (HS) and pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to synergistically downregulate neutrophil oxidative burst in vitro. We investigated the effects of HS/PTX on human neutrophil mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the role of Protein kinase A (PKA) in this process. Methods Isolated neutrophils were treated with PTX (2 mmol/L), HS10 (10 mmol/L above isotonicity), and HS40 (40 mmol/L above isotonicity) alone or in combination for determination of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations. Human neutrophils were stimulated with f-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (1 μmol/L) before the treatments above in both the presence and the absence of PKA inhibition for Western blot analysis of MAPK p38 and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation. Results Concomitant exposure to HS/PTX results in an additive increase in intracellular cAMP. fMLP-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was synergistically attenuated by HS/PTX. Both PTX and HS reduced p38MAPK phosphorylation. No additive effect was observed with combined treatment. Although PKA inhibition abrogated the effects of PTX, HS retained some capacity to attenuate MAPK phosphorylation. Conclusion HS/PTX is more effective in attenuating neutrophil ERK signaling than either component alone, whereas both components alone or in combination produced comparable results with p38MAPK. Although PTX functions primarily through PKA activation, HS may suppress neutrophils through a partially PKA-independent mechanism.
Length Matters: Message Metrics that Result in Higher Levels of Perceived Partner Responsiveness and Changes in Intimacy as Friends Communicate through Social Network Sites

This study focuses on how young adults enact their relationships in public through self-disclosing interactions on Facebook. A Facebook self-disclosure status update, along with as many as three corresponding response comments, was copied by each of 271 participants from their own Facebook Wall, and pasted to an online survey. Status update and response comments contain characters such as letters, numbers, and symbols to express meaning. Seven textual measures were used to quantify the content of these messages; one such measure was a count of the number of characters contained in each response. Results show message length is associated with perceived partner responsiveness and feelings of increased intimacy with those who reply to one’s status update with a response comment. Women, and close friends and family post longer messages. The outward appearance of a message matters for the perception of responsive communication on Facebook.
On the Motion of Solid Spheres Falling Through Viscous Fluids in Vertical and Inclined Tubes

Little is known about the rotational motion of spheres falling through viscous fluids in inclined tubes. Most studies have investigated translational and rotational motions in vertical tubes. These works show that in creeping flow a sphere's translational and rotatianal velocities are independent. Rotation is predicted and observed for eccentric spheres while concentric spheres fall without rotation. Experiments were performed by us with steel spheres of radius r falling through glycerine in a tube of variable inclination angle and of radius R such that r/R=0.882, 0.757, 0.442
Assessing pitcher and catcher influences on base stealing in Major League Baseball

A formal statistical analysis is performed to determine the extent to which pitchers and catchers can influence stolen-base attempts and successes. Two response proportions, attempt/opportunity and success/attempt, are modelled separately using mixed-effects logistic regression models applied to situations with a runner on first and other bases empty. Data include the first innings of all Major League Baseball games played between 1978 and 1990, which encompasses over 48,000 opportunities and 9000 attempts. Pitchers and catchers are entered as random effects and various other factors thought to influence stolen-base attempts and successes are entered as fixed effects. Variance components are estimated and hypotheses tests indicate that the population variance components for both pitchers and catchers are significant for both response proportions. The presence of variation among players at the respective positions is interpreted as evidence that stolen-base defence is a real skill exhibited to varying extents by different players. Furthermore, the variance component for pitchers is greater than that for catchers for both response proportions, indicating that pitchers have greater potential to affect stolen-base attempts and successes. Under usual conditions, it is estimated that 95% of pitchers have first-inning stolen-base success/attempt probabilities between 0.50 and 0.84, while 95% of catchers have probabilities between 0.59 and 0.79.
Outcomes of glued foldable intraocular lens implantation in eyes with preexisting complications and combined surgical procedures

Purpose To evaluate the visual outcomes and complications of glued foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with a wide range of ocular pathologies and/or having combined surgical procedures. Setting New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods A chart review was conducted of all glued foldable IOL procedures performed in eyes with absent or insufficient capsule support. Patients with a postoperative follow-up less than 3 months were excluded from analysis. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, the postoperative course, and visual and refractive outcomes were analyzed. Results Sixty-five eyes (64 patients) were evaluated over a mean follow-up of 9.1 months ± 6.2 (SD). Ocular comorbidities were present in 98.5% of eyes, and 95.4% had additional concurrent surgical procedures. There was a statistically significant improvement in corrected distance visual acuity ( P = .046), with 89.2% of eyes achieving better or equal vision postoperatively. Intraoperative complications included ocular hemorrhage (10.8%), haptic deformation (10.8%), and haptic breakage (1.5%). Postoperative complications included elevated intraocular pressure (13.8%), optic capture (12.3%), persistent anterior chamber inflammation (6.2%), IOL tilt (4.6%), cystoid macular edema (3.1%), recurrent ocular hemorrhage (3.1%), and retinal detachment (1.5%). Conclusion The glued foldable IOL technique resulted in favorable visual outcomes but with a moderate risk for IOL-related and other postoperative complications in eyes with complex ocular comorbidities having combined surgical procedures. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Themes and Counterthemes: Fluid Capital in Retrospect

In general, this book has involved exploration of themes related to fluid capital. More explicitly, it has examined the implications of three definitions, one relating to a concept of capital and the other two relating to two macroeconomic identities. The definition of fluid capital provides a root concept of capital from which virtually all existing notions of capital can be connected and rationalized. The two identities, in contrast, involve equalities between the value of production in current prices and the income the production generates, and between the value of goods in the pool of fluid capital and the corresponding value of claims on the same.
Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptance Among Haitian and African-American parents of Adolescent Sons

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Cecilia Marquez, Justine Lavoye, Elaine Shu and Hailey Tipton for their efforts with participant recruitment and data collection. Objective To assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices related to HPV vaccination among African-Americans and Haitian immigrant parents, and to compare vaccination rates of their sons. Study Design We performed semi-structured interviews with parents of boys aged 11–17 who had not yet received the HPV vaccine. We used validated surveys of HPV knowledge, trust in physicians, and intention to vaccinate. We probed participants’ thought processes about HPV vaccination, and examined parental attitudes, beliefs, and practices toward HPV vaccination using open-ended questions. We then reviewed medical records to determine whether sons were subsequently vaccinated. Results 25 African-American and 30 Haitian immigrant parents and legal guardians participated in the study. Haitian immigrants were more likely to be married and to practice a religion than African-Americans. Both groups had limited knowledge of HPV (32% of questions were answered correctly by Haitian immigrants vs. 31% by African-Americans). Sixty-four percent of African-Americans and 79% of Haitians intended to vaccinate their sons, however only 24% of African-American and 20% of Haitian sons received vaccination within 12 months of the interview. Open-ended questions revealed that most African-Americans felt that vaccination fell within the parental role, while some Haitian immigrants felt uncomfortable vaccinating against sexually transmitted infections because they felt children should not be having sex. Both groups wanted more information about HPV vaccines. Conclusions Improving HPV vaccine rates in Haitian and African-American boys may require culturally competent approaches that address ethnic-specific barriers among their parents.
Don't Fear the Federal Register

When it comes to federal regulations, there is an unfortunate dearth of illustrations. Instead, promulgation comes solely through the written word. The value of the Register is beyond measure. To be sure, regulatory transparency is a fundamental tenet upon which industry leaders must rely, and health care compliance professionals are certainly no exception. In fact, the body of law over which these individuals must take charge is quite the assemblage, and continues to grow at an astounding rate, especially since the passage of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
True and false memories, parietal cortex, and confidence judgments

Recent studies have asked whether activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the neocortex can distinguish true memory from false memory. A frequent complication has been that the confidence associated with correct memory judgments (true memory) is typically higher than the confidence associated with incorrect memory judgments (false memory). Accordingly, it has often been difficult to know whether a finding is related to memory confidence or memory accuracy. In the current study, participants made recognition memory judgments with confidence ratings in response to previously studied scenes and novel scenes. The left hippocampus and 16 other brain regions distinguished true and false memories when confidence ratings were different for the two conditions. Only three regions (all in the parietal cortex) distinguished true and false memories when confidence ratings were equated. These findings illustrate the utility of taking confidence ratings into account when identifying brain regions associated with true and false memories. Neural correlates of true and false memories are most easily interpreted when confidence ratings are similar for the two kinds of memories.
An ab Initio Investigation of Proton Stability at BaZrO3 Interfaces

Growing evidence that proton chemistry at the perovskite interface influences both proton conduction and catalyst activity has motivated more thorough examinations of proton behavior in these interfacial environments. This study utilizes density functional theory to examine proton stability at two prominent perovskite interfaces, the perovskite surface and perovskite–metal heterointerface, to identify opportunities to screen for perovskites with enhanced functionality. An analysis of the perovskite surface revealed fluctuations in proton stability as a function of the depth below the surface that leads to a barrier for proton mobility. The addition of a metal heterointerface can act to decrease this barrier by stabilizing protons near the surface. Finally, an electronic structure parameter, the p-band center, was identified as a useful predictor for proton adsorption energies in uniform perovskite structures, such as the perovskite surface and bulk, where detailed analyses reveal how local characteristics...
Effect of Maleic Acid on Renal Function

SummaryMelaeate administered to severly acidotic dogs at a dosage of 0.35 mM/kg abolishes the capacity to excrete an acid urine. Lesser effects on other renal functions are produced.
343 IS RESIDENT STRESS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBOPTIMAL PATIENT CARE

Purpose A proposed reason for the unacceptably high rate of medical errors in today9s hospitals is that fatigued resident physicians make more mental mistakes. In part because of this concern, the ACGME has imposed duty hours restrictions on all residents. Little is known about how stress impacts patient care. We hypothesized that residents with greater stress would more frequently report suboptimal patient care. Methods For two consecutive years (2004 and 2005), research assistants surveyed residents working on our internal medicine inpatient teams following morning attending rounds. Both residents and interns were asked to complete a brief questionnaire, which included four questions to rate their current stress level (eg, this has been a stressful day, 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree) and three questions to assess the impact of stress on their life and work (eg, indicate how fatigue has interfered with your work, 0 = does not interfere and 10 = completely interferes). Further, residents were asked if any patient care issues were not completed on that day, whether any medical errors affected a patient, and whether any of those resulted in suboptimal care. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple correlations to assess the association of stress ratings with the patient care variables. Summary A total of 271 resident surveys were returned from 163 inpatient team days. The mean stress level across all four stress statements was 2.6 6 1.1 and the mean impact of that stress was 5.2 6 2.2 across the three impact of stress on life and work statements. Overall, 21% reported that they had omitted some aspect of patient care, 20% reported a medical error affected a patient on their team, and 8% reported resultant suboptimal care. Resident stress correlated highly with medical errors affecting patient care (p = .007) and marginally with suboptimal care (p = .09). Stress impacting life and work correlated highly with omitting certain patient care duties (p = .03), medical errors affecting patient care (p = .04), and suboptimal care (p = .04). Conclusions Resident stress ratings are negatively associated with important patient care variables (omissions in patient care, medical errors, and suboptimal care). Perhaps more important than stress levels is the impact of that stress on an individual9s life. With current ACGME regulations, some have suggested that resident stress and workload will increase given similar work duties but less available time. The impact of duty hours regulations must be closely monitored in our teaching hospitals in order to ensure a high level of patient care.
Femtosecond light-induced macromolecular self-assembly

We report femtosecond light-induced macromolecular self-assembly (FLIMSA), which is observed when a high peak intensity femtosecond laser beam propagates through aqueous solution of pseudoisocyanine iodide (PIC) J-aggregates and induces the formation of 0.1 – 1.0 mm-size tube-like structure surrounding the laser beam, while at the same time allowing the beam to continue propagating without obstruction or scattering. The FLIMSA material is morphologically heterogeneous and gel-like and is formed at the margins rather than at the center of the beam. As a potential explanation of this effect we assume that the FLIMSA is induced by the high photon flux gradient characteristic of the femtosecond laser beam periphery. This hypothesis is corroborated by control experiments, where J-aggregate samples were illuminated with nanosecond laser sources with a varying pulse duration, power- and beam shape characteristics, but where no FLIMSA formation was observed.
Characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL)

2070 Background: The incidence of PCNSL is increasing and is highest in those ≥ 65 years of age. Systemic chemotherapy (CT) ± radiotherapy (RT) improves survival, but treatment related toxicity is greatest in this population. The optimal treatment has yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to characterize older patients with PCNSL at our institution and identify outcomes related to treatment. Methods: We identified patients ≥ 65 years of age treated for PCNSL from 1986 to 2008. Charts were reviewed for demographics, treatment details, tumor progression, and survival. Approval for this study was obtained from the IRB at MSKCC. Results: 174 patients were identified with a median age of 72 years (range: 65–89). 60% of patients had a stereotactic biopsy for diagnosis; 93% had a histologic or cytologic diagnosis. 14 patients had evidence of systemic involvement with detailed staging evaluation. 82% of patients received a high-dose methotrexate (3.5g/m2) regimen, only 13% did not receive CT. Among the ...
Slowing terahertz wave using thin flexible metamaterials

Here, we design, fabricate, and characterize EIT-metamaterials by hybridizing two double split ring resonators (DSRRs) into a single unit cell. First we, develop a method to determine the effective thickness of metamaterials which is crucial in calculating the group velocity of THz radiation. Then, we present a novel approach to enhance and dynamically tune the slow light characteristic by twisting the inner SRRs of two hybridized DSRRs in a thin and flexible EIT-metamaterial. Our structure reduces the speed of light by 0.06 time compared with air in both simulation and experiment.