cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Future of Gero-Oncology Nursing.

Objectives To project the future of gero-oncology nursing as a distinct specialty, framed between analysis of current challenges and explication of prospective solutions. Data sources Peer-reviewed literature, policy directives, web-based resources, and author expertise. Conclusion Oncology nursing faces several challenges in meeting the needs of older people living with cancer. Realigning cancer nursing education, practice, and research to match demographic and epidemiological realities mandates redesign. Viewing geriatric oncology as an optional sub-specialty limits oncology nursing, where older people represent the majority of oncology patients and cancer survivors. The future of gero-oncology nursing lies in transforming oncology nursing itself. Implications for Nursing Practice Specific goals to achieve transformation of oncology nursing into gero-oncology nursing include assuring integrated foundational aging and cancer content across entry-level nursing curricula; assuring a gero-competent oncology nursing workforce with integrated continuing education; developing gero-oncology nurse specialists in advanced practice roles; and cultivating nurse leadership in geriatric oncology program development and administration along with expanding the scope and sophistication of gero-oncology nursing science.
Intrinsic optical activity and conformational flexibility: the role of size-dependent ring morphology in model cycloketones.

The optical rotatory dispersion of two monocyclic ketones, (R)-3-methylcyclopentanone [R-3MCP] and (R)-3-methylcyclohexanone [R-3MCH], has been investigated under isolated and solvated conditions to explore the role of ring size/morphology and to elucidate the impact of environmental perturbations. Vapor-phase measurements of specific rotation, [α]λT, were performed at 355/633 nm by means of cavity ring-down polarimetry while complementary solution-phase work employed a canonical discrete-wavelength polarimeter to probe five distinct solvents. The magnitude of [α]λT was found to increase upon solvation, albeit to different extents for the two species of interest, with the attendant sign switching between the solution and vapor phases for λ ≥ 510.7 nm in the case of R-3MCH. Quantum-chemical analyses suggest two low-lying conformers to exist for each ketone, distinguished by an equatorial or axial arrangement of the methyl substituent. Linear-response calculations built upon density-functional [DFT(B3LYP)/a...
BIVENTRICULAR REMODELING BY THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Right ventricular (RV) remodeling is an important factor associated with outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the influence of RV remodeling on left ventricular (LV) morphology in PH and its association with outcomes are unclear. We studied 83 PH patients with 3-
Active Control versus Passive Observation in a Simulated Flight Task

A study was conducted examining the effects of active control versus passive observation on the detection of changes in orientation in a simulated flight task. The subjects' task was either to fly through a simulated world by visual reference or to observe trials previously flown by another subject. During each trial the screen would go blank simulating flight into clouds. Following the blackout, subjects were required to correct any unexpected changes in orientation made during the blackout. These changes were equally divided between changes in pitch, roll, and translation along the line of sight. Furthermore, these changes were made in a direction that was either consistent or inconsistent with the direction of motion prior to the blackout onset. Although active controllers were more accurate than passive observers, these effects are mediated by the duration of blackouts, the type of change, and the consistency of changes. In particular, active observers were best at detecting changes that were relevant...
2-D Simulations of Single and Double DBD Plasma Actuators with Finite Electrode Thicknesses

We have performed 2-dimensional fluid simulations of singleand double-barrier plasma actuators with varying actuator and electrode sizes operating in an air-like mixture of gases. We examine the effects of finite electrode thickness on both plasma generation and the force induced on the gas. Two series of simulations have been completed: full-scale actuators with dimensions comparable to those used in experiments, and reduced-scale actuators a factor of 10 smaller in all dimensions. Negative ions are seen to play a much stronger role in the full-scale simulations of both geometries compared to the reduced-scale runs. Relatively long periods of inactivity are observed for single-barrier actuators with large exposed electrodes, leading to lower forces for these actuators. Simulations of double barrier actuators show only a small dependence on the diameter of the narrow electrode.
A New Powdery Mildew

The fungus belongs to the genus Uncinula. No powdery mildew has ever been reported on this plant, and the fungus appears to be different from any that the writer has seen described. It is characterized by its exceedingly long appendages, four or five times as long as the diameter of the perithecium. Since the fungus appears to have been unrecorded heretofore, the writer ventures to offer it as a new species.
Extensions of the Weierstrass Product Inequalities

(1970). Extensions of the Weierstrass Product Inequalities. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 137-141.
Work-themed play among young children in foraging and farming communities in Central Africa

In small-scale societies children have great access to observing adult roles and this is often reflected in their play, however very few empirical studies of work-themed play have been conducted despite substantial implications that this type of play has for social learning. The current study describes the work-themed play patterns of 1 1/2- to 4-year-old Aka and Bofi foragers and Bofi farmers in Central Africa and examines the extent to which subsistence economy, age, and gender predicted how often children were observed engaging in work-themed play and characteristics of work-themed play. Overall, farmer children engaged in more work-themed play than forager children. Very few gender differences were observed in work-themed play. Age and subsistence economy predicted tendencies for children to be near adults while engaged in work-themed play and to use objects in their work-themed play.
The universe of gesture

For if we are to do the biology of language at all, it will have to be done by tracing language to its roots in the anatomy, physiology, and social environment of its users. Only in this way can we hope to arrive at an account of language perception and production fitted to animals rather than machines. Michael Studdert-Kennedy, Perceiving phonetic events SIGNED AND SPOKEN LANGUAGES Linguistic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic research on American Sign Language (ASL) over the past three decades has established without question that ASL is a natural human language. Studies of several other indigenous signed languages have led to the same conclusion: primary sign languages, those used (mainly) by deaf people, are fully developed human languages more or less independent of the spoken languages of the linguistic communities in the same region. One of our purposes here will be to explore just how independent of each other these signed and spoken languages are. Several questions occur to us. First, what is the relationship between spoken and signed languages? Are signed languages merely analogues of spoken languages, the linguistic equivalent of the bat's wing (evolved quite differently from the bird's wing)? Or are they true homologues, biologically related, as the human lung is to the swim bladder of fish? One objective of this book is to frame the study of signed languages in terms that will lead to answering the question of relationship.
An Experimental Evaluation of Web Mutation Operators

While modern web development technologies enhancethe capabilities of web applications, they introduce challengesfor testers. This paper introduces, evaluates, and refinesweb mutation operators that target interaction faults in web applications. An experimental study is conducted on 11 subject webapplications using 15 web mutation operators. The effectivenessof 12 independently developed test sets are analyzed in terms ofhow well they kill web mutants. Web mutation adequate tests arecompared with independently created test sets to evaluate the webmutation operators. Tests designed to satisfy the web mutationtesting criterion provide 100% coverage while the tests designedto satisfy traditional testing criteria provide, on average, 47%coverage. The paper also analyzes which mutants and mutationoperators the traditional tests had difficulty killing. We foundthat some types of mutants that are not particularly hard to killwere missed by all traditional tests. Additionally, web mutationtesting produces very few equivalent mutants.
Rodent Models of Autism, Epigenetics, and the Inescapable Problem of Animal Constraint

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social interaction, delays and impairments in communication, and restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. ASD is highly heritable, indicating genetic causal factors, but its rising prevalence also suggests environmental changes, such as expanding numbers of chemical pollutants. Putative risk factors for ASD include various environmental factors and mutations in any one of over 19,000 human genes.
Experimental evaluation of combined cone beam with parallel hole collimation SPECT data

Three methods of combining parallel and cone beam (P&CB) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data using modified maximum-likelihood-expectation-maximization (ML-EM) algorithms are presented. The first applies both parallel and cone beam data sets to reconstruct a single intermediate image after each iteration using the ML-EM algorithm. The other two iterative methods combine the intermediate parallel beam (PB) and cone beam (CB) source estimates to enhance the uniformity of images. Earlier studies using computer Monte Carlo simulation indicated that improved images might be obtained by reconstructing combined P&CB SPECT data. In the present work these combined collimation methods are evaluated using experimental data. An attenuation compensation is performed by including the effects of attenuation in the transition matrix as a multiplicative factor. The combined P&CB images are compared with CB-only images, and the results indicate that the combined P&CB approaches suppress artifacts caused by truncated projections and correct for the distortions of the CB-only images. >
Product returns, asymmetric information, and firm performance

Abstract There has been a scarcity of research that studies the value of product return information to supply chain firms. In this research, we assume that the online retailer has the product return information but the manufacturer does not. Our results show that a two-part price contract can motivate the online retailer to share its private information only under certain condition, but the revenue sharing contract plus profit split mechanism always is a valuable strategy to be utilized to seek sharing the online retailer's private information and create a Pareto result. Particularly when the product is highly compatible with online sales, the manufacturer has a strong motivation to seek sharing the online retailer's information. A follow-up empirical study investigates what information can be used to predict product returns and is valuable to be shared with the manufacturer. Through sharing the product return information, both the manufacturer and the online retailer can achieve a higher performance.
Teachers as Designers: Social Design Experiments as Vehicles for Developing Antideficit English Education

In this article, we explore data from two studies that demonstrate how inviting teachers to take on the role of codesigners of interventions in social design experiments created opportunities for them to consider their own positionality and privilege as well as negotiate deficit and antideficit discourses underlying and shaping English-language arts curriculum, instruction, and assessment. The findings illustrate the potential for researchers engaging in design experiments to include teachers at the outset of such studies before designing curriculum, instruction, or assessment.
Electromagnetic compatibility issues in critical smart grid infrastructure

The smart grid is an intelligent, efficient and dynamic grid system with endless possibilities but not without notable daunting technological challenges. At the core of these challenges are the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues which may potentially thwart efforts on the smart grid if left unattended. This paper presents a survey on emerging smart grid technologies such as the power electronic interface, power line communication, flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and communication equipment highlighting their associated electromagnetic interference issues. We also provide some EMC/EMI mitigation techniques where available.
Channel Flow Transition Induced by a Pair of Oblique Waves

A pair of small but finite amplitude oblique waves were used as initial condition in numerical simulations of transition to turbulent flow. A number of cases were run with different combinations of Reynolds numbers and initial wave characteristics. In all cases a rapid energy growth to a transition peak occurred, followed by a redistribution of the energy to smaller spatial scales. The flow fields after the peak resembled that of a turbulent state although no attempts were made to determine whether these states were sustained. The reported transition process represents a bypass of the secondary instability scenario involving finite amplitude 2D waves.
Effects of elicitor from Colletotrichum graminicola on the response of sorghum to Periconia circinata and its pathotoxin

Abstract The effects of an elicitor (CG-elicitor) from Colletotrichum graminicola and the host-specific pathotoxin (PC-toxin) produced by Periconia circinata were studied to determine the interactions of responses associated with resistance and susceptibility, respectively. Roots of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) accumulated 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in response to CG-elicitor but not in response to PC-toxin over a range of concentrations. Elicitation of the phytoalexins prior to treatment with PC-toxin had no effect on the genotype-specific induction of electrolyte leakage or on the toxin-enhanced synthesis of a specific group of 16 kDa proteins. Similarly, prior treatment with the elicitor did not prevent infection and development of milo disease symptoms in susceptible seedlings inoculated with conidia of P. circinata . However, treatment of roots with the CG-elicitor enhanced the synthesis of the 16 kDa proteins in both resistant and susceptible genotypes without expression of disease symptoms. Thus, the activities of PC-toxin and CG-elicitor are separable and independent. PC-toxin apparently does not produce disease symptoms by inducing phytoalexins, and induction of phytoalexins does not prevent pathogenesis by P. circinata or the detrimental effects of PC-toxin.
Robust Sourcing from Suppliers under Ambiguously Correlated Major Disruption Risks

As the severity and frequency of supply chain disruptions increases due to globalization and outsourcing, companies are faced with the challenge of managing correlated disruption risks. However, correctly estimating supplier correlations is difficult and relying on incorrect estimates can be costly. Motivated by these challenges, we consider models for managing disruption risks when suppliers are ambiguously correlated. Our models are based on profit‐oriented correlation structures that only require accurate estimates of the marginal disruption probabilities for available suppliers. Analysis of the models, along with extensive numerical studies, show that they offer high‐quality solutions and provide several important insights regarding supplier selection, appropriate budgets for efforts to better understand the prevailing correlation structure, and identifying subsets of the available suppliers that should be considered for strategic alliances. In addition to these benefits, we discuss a progressive, profit‐oriented approach for risk management that is based on these models and is easily implemented in situations with minimal in formation regarding supplier correlations.
Complications of Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Emergencies

Immediate recognition of cardiovascular emergencies leads to less delays in treatment and a lower risk of morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, we will focus on complications of acute myocardial infarction (arrhythmia, inflammatory, and mechanical), symptomatic bradycardia, and cardiac arrest. Detailed discussion on tamponade, aortic dissection, and symptomatic tachyarrhythmia can be found in separate, dedicated chapters in this pocket manual.
EMI Analysis of a High Power Silicon Carbide Two-level Inverter

Successive generations of aircraft demand more electrical energy as pneumatic and hydraulic systems are replaced with electrical components. The more electric aircraft (MEA) transformation aims to improve fuel economy, increase reliability, and lower operating costs. To fully enjoy the benefits of an additional improvements in the power density of the electrical distribution system are required. Silicon carbide (SiC) devices have many advantages over their silicon (Si) counterparts that can lead to improvements in the power density. However, their characteristically switching speeds can result in higher levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI). This research compares the performance of two high power three phase inverters; one is built from SiC MOSFETs and the other from Si IGBTs. The efficiency and conducted EMI are measured at a DC bus of 540 V and an output power exceeding 25 kW.
Transposing the Adverse Social Dynamics of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders Into More Effective Treatment and Clinician Resilience

As the American opioid epidemic continues to spiral out of control and our medical model remains unable to reverse the staggering trends, this article seeks to broaden clinician understanding of ad...
Functional and Morphological Alterations Produced in Target Cells by Anti-inflammatory Steroids

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the studies of morphological alterations of the cells and fibrous matrix of loose connective tissue during inflammation and after treatment by cortisol. The studies described in the chapter investigated a relatively new technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to obtain information in several areas, such as (1) the visualization of variations in size of fibers, (2) the numbers and arrangements of fibers in loose connective tissue and their relationship to cells and each other, (3) the effect of inflammation on fibers, (4) the inhibition of inflammation by cortisol on fiber structure, (5) the breakdown of collagen produced by cortisol and a comparison with that produced by inflammation, and (6) the morphological effects of inflammation, cortisol-inhibited inflammation, and cortisol itself on fibroblasts. Other cells derived from mesenchyme and closely related to fibroblasts are lymphocytes. Cortisol brings about the loss of cytoplasm of small lymphocytes and their subsequent nuclear destruction. It has much less effect on the large lymphocytes and reticular cells. The effect of cortisol on endothelium in the inflamed connective tissue is quite remarkable. The endothelial cells react very much like fibroblasts. In any case, the endothelial cell is normally in a state of marked micropinocytosis.
A Survey of Techniques All Classifiers Can Learn from Deep Networks: Models, Optimizations, and Regularization

Deep neural networks have introduced novel and useful tools to the machine learning community. Other types of classifiers can potentially make use of these tools as well to improve their performance and generality. This paper reviews the current state of the art for deep learning classifier technologies that are being used outside of deep neural networks. Non-network classifiers can employ many components found in deep neural network architectures. In this paper, we review the feature learning, optimization, and regularization methods that form a core of deep network technologies. We then survey non-neural network learning algorithms that make innovative use of these methods to improve classification. Because many opportunities and challenges still exist, we discuss directions that can be pursued to expand the area of deep learning for a variety of classification algorithms.
Chemogenomics with Peptide Secondary Structure Mimetics

There is increasing evidence that redox regulation of transcription, particularly activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), is important in inflammatory diseases. Human thioredoxin (TRX), a member of the oxidoreductase superfamily, was initially identified, as a factor which augments the production of interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R α) in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infected patient T-cells. Substrates for the redox activity of TRX bind the active site cleft in extended strand structure. The rapid generation of high numbers of peptide secondary structure mimetics through solid-phase synthesis is a key technology for the identification of pharmaceutical leads based on such protein-peptide interactions. In this manuscript, we describe a chemogenomic approach utilizing an extended strand templated library to develop small molecule inhibitors to validate oxidoreductase molecular targets in a murine asthma model.
Rates of Glaucoma Progression Derived from Linear Mixed Models Using Varied Random Effect Distributions

Purpose: To compare the ability of linear mixed models with different random effect distributions to estimate rates of visual field loss in glaucoma patients. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Eyes with ≥5 reliable standard automated perimetry (SAP) tests were identified from the Duke Glaucoma Registry. Mean deviation (MD) values from each visual field and associated timepoints were collected. These data were modeled using ordinary least square (OLS) regression as well as linear mixed models using either the Gaussian, Student t, or log-gamma (LG) distributions as the prior distribution for random effects. Model fit was compared using the Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC). Simulated eyes of varying initial disease severity and rates of progression were created to assess the accuracy of each Bayesian model in predicting the rate of change and likelihood of declaring progression. Results: A total of 52,900 visual fields from 6,558 eyes of 3,981 subjects were included. Mean follow-up period was 8.7±4.0 years, with an average of 8.1±3.7 visual fields per eye. The LG model produced the lowest WAIC, demonstrating optimal model fit. Compared to the Gaussian model, the LG model classified almost twice as many eyes as fast progressors. In simulations, the LG model declared progression earlier than OLS (P<0.001) and had the greatest accuracy in predicted slopes (P<0.001). In contrast, the Gaussian model significantly underestimated rates of progression among fast and catastrophic progressors. Conclusions: Linear mixed models using the LG distribution to model random effects outperformed conventional approaches for estimating rates of SAP MD loss in a population with glaucoma. Translational Relevance: Use of the LG distribution in models estimating rates of change among glaucoma patients may improve their accuracy in rapidly identifying progressors at high risk for vision loss.
Social Impact: A Case Study in Philadelphia's Newly Minted Redevelopment Metric

ABSTRACT: Although the City of Philadelphia employs a catalogue of legal codes and laws to manage its urban growth, its inclusion of a "Social Impact” metric in a recent project is equally novel and vague. Opportunistically leveraging a prominent and sizable block, the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority issued a Request for Proposals that required the developers to not only demonstrate how they would benefit the social fabric of the city, but provide metrics in order to do so. While measuring social impact is fraught with difficulties, it shows a willingness of the city to scrutinize the effect of its architecture on the city as a whole. Over the past decade, Philadelphia has enacted drastic shifts in its urban planning protocols ranging from an overhaul of its zoning maps to a restructuring of property tax evaluation. This paper will examine the first project to emerge from this process: a mixed use development that includes housing, a chain hotel, and the Equal Justice Center. It will describe the emergence of the social metric, position it among other current planning mechanisms aimed at equitable development, and speculate about its potential impact. KEYWORDS: Social Impact, Urban Development, Philadelphia Redevelopment
Delayed Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, The Kavanaugh Confirmation Hearing, and Eliminating Statutes of Limitation for Child Sexual Abuse Cases

The number of victims of childhood sexual abuse can only be estimated, but more and more have found the courage to step forward as adult survivors and report their abuse. The passage of time between the events and the disclosures raises problems for the legal system to negotiate, but many jurisdictions have expanded the time limitation requirements allowing additional years for victims to initiate legal remedies. The recent confirmation hearing of Justice Brett Kavanaugh for the Supreme Court drew the public’s attention to the phenomenon and created a wide array of opinion about the credibility of Dr. Blasey Ford, a Stanford faculty member who claimed to have been sexually assaulted in high school by Mr. Kavanaugh. Understanding the recorded routine delays involved in reporting incidents of sexual abuse — sometimes decades after the event — can inform the legal system’s response by eliminating statutes of limitation that restrict legal options for these victims, and thus crafting solutions or legal options for many who might otherwise remain unheard and traumatized.
Responding to probation and parole violations: Are jail sanctions more effective than community-based graduated sanctions?

Abstract Purpose In response to escalating revocation rates in community supervision, many jurisdictions have adopted graduated sanction policies. Research on graduated sanctions has shown promising results. However, most studies focus exclusively on jail sanctions and have largely ignored the possibility that community-based graduated sanctions such as written assignments, increased treatment participation, or community service hours may be as effective, or more effective, than jail sanctions. Extending this research, the current study examines whether community-based sanctions are as effective in increasing offender compliance as spending time in jail. Methods Using data from over 800 violations committed by a random sample of probationers and parolees on intensive supervision probation, multilevel models are estimated that examine whether jail sanctions are more effective than community sanctions in 1) extending time to the offender’s next violation event, 2) reducing the number of future violations, and 3) successfully completing the probation program. Results Results consistently indicate that jail sanctions do not outperform community-based sanctions. Conclusion Due to the financial, social, and potentially criminogenic effects of jail, the lack of significant differences between jail sanctions and community-based sanctions calls into question the use of jail as a means of punishing persons on community supervision.
Instrument Thermal Test Bed: A Unique Two Phase Test Facility

The Instrument Thermal Test Bed (ITTB) is a modular, large-scale test facility which provides a medium for ground testing and flight qualification of spacecraft thermal control components and system configurations. The initial 'shade-down' operations are discussed herein. Operational parameters and performance characteristics were determined and quantified on a preliminary basis. The ITTB was successfully operated at evaporator power loads ranging from 600 W to 9600 W as well as in both capillary pumped and series hybrid pumped modes.
Prototyping Digital Libraries Handling Heterogeneous Data Sources – The ETANA-DL Case Study

Information systems used in archaeology have several needs: interoperability among heterogeneous systems, making information available without significant delay, long-term preservation of data, and providing a suite of services to users. In this paper, we show how digital library techniques can be employed to provide solutions to three of these problems. We show this by describing a prototype for an archaeological Digital Library (ETANA-DL). First, ETANA-DL applies and extends the metadata harvesting approach to address some of the needs interoperability, rapid access to data, and data preservation. Second, we show that availability of a pool of components that implement common DL services has helped in rapidly creating the prototype, which was subsequently used for requirements elicitation. However, understanding complex archaeological information systems is a difficult task. Third, therefore, we describe our efforts to model these systems using the 5S framework, and show how the partially developed model has been used to implement complex services helping users carry out key tasks with the integrated data.
Path Tracking using WKB Approximation

This paper introduces a new approach for robot path tracking based on the WKB approximate analytical solution of time-varying ordinary differential equations. An open-loop control is chosen for the system and an expression is obtained for the linearized perturbation dynamics around the nominal trajectory corresponding to the open-loop control. The WKB solution of the linearized dynamics is used to choose state error feedback coefficients to guarantee stability. The new approach is applied to a 2-DOF manipulator example.
Prepared for Certification: Senior Health Education Majors' Perceived Competencies

Abstract As of September, 1990, certification as a health education specialist requires meeting eligibility criteria and passing a written examination. This study examined the extent to which senior health education majors assessed themselves to be competent in the generic skills of health education covered in the certification examination. Results indicate that the students, in general, assessed themselves to be moderately competent in generic skills. They perceived themselves to be most competent in assessing health education needs and least competent in acting as a resource person in health education. Results of this study, in general, may be of use to new graduates preparing for the certification examination. Identification of personal strengths and weaknesses in the generic health education competencies, through self-assessment, also may be of benefit
Afro‐Mexican History: Trends and Directions in Scholarship*

This article surveys the development of a relatively new and vibrant subfield in Latin American History, mapping out the major stages of its evolution and signaling key intellectual debates. While much of the scholarship on Afro-Mexican history has been produced in the last thirty-five years, this article aims to contextualize these writings within a broader historical framework. This process shows more clearly the various independent and interdependent tracks that exist within the study of Mexico's black population.
Fluorescence from the primary products of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle: Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy

Abstract The fluorescence spectrum of the K-590 intermediate, formed several picoseconds after the optical initiation of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle, is observed at room temperature using a two laser, pump-probe technique. The BR photocycle is initiated with a 565 nm pump laser pulse (6 ps) while the observed fluorescence is generated by the optically delayed 590 nm probe laseer pulse (4 ps). The distinct emission from K-590, while unstructured and occurring in the samed general spectral region as the emission from BR-570 itself, is distinguished by its approximately twofold greater emission quantum yield and a shift of the position of maximum emission intensity to higher energy (corresponding to a blue shift of 17 nm). The assignment of this emission to the K-590 is based on its time dependence. The K-590 fluorescence spectrum described here is obtained using a 40 ps pump-probe delay. At this time in the photocylce, the only transient species which can be excited by the picosecond probe laser is K-590. The changes in the ground and excited-state properties of the retinal chromorphore of BR during the initial 100 ps of the photocycle can be quantitatively described by a rate-equation model in which the instantaneous populations of each of the photocycle species is calculated. These results are used to fit the picosecond transient absorption (PTA) and time resolved fluorescence (PTRF) data. Differences in the time-dependence of the PTA and PTRF data require the inclusion into the rate-equation model of vibrationally-excited, ground state species, BR' and K', which are formed during the optical pumping and by decay of J-625, respectively.
Syntheses, structures, optical properties, and theoretical calculations of Cs2Bi2ZnS5, Cs2Bi2CdS5, and Cs2Bi2MnS5

Abstract Three new compounds, Cs 2 Bi 2 ZnS 5 , Cs 2 Bi 2 CdS 5 , and Cs 2 Bi 2 MnS 5 , have been synthesized from the respective elements and a reactive flux Cs 2 S 3 at 973 K. The compounds are isostructural and crystallize in a new structure type in space group Pnma of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in cells of dimensions at 153 K of a =15.763(3), b =4.0965(9), c =18.197(4) A, V =1175.0(4) A 3 for Cs 2 Bi 2 ZnS 5 ; a =15.817(2), b =4.1782(6), c =18.473(3) A, V =1220.8(3) A 3 for Cs 2 Bi 2 CdS 5 ; and a =15.830(2), b =4.1515(5), c =18.372(2) A, V =1207.4(2) A 3 for Cs 2 Bi 2 MnS 5 . The structure is composed of two-dimensional ∞ 2 [Bi 2 M S 5 2− ] ( M =Zn, Cd, Mn) layers that stack perpendicular to the [100] axis and are separated by Cs + cations. The layers consist of edge-sharing ∞ 1 [Bi 2 S 6 6− ] and ∞ 1 [ M S 3 4− ] chains built from BiS 6 octahedral and M S 4 tetrahedral units. Two crystallographically unique Cs atoms are coordinated to S atoms in octahedral and monocapped trigonal prismatic environments. The structure of Cs 2 Bi 2 M S 5 , is related to that of Na 2 ZrCu 2 S 4 and those of the AMM ′ Q 3 materials ( A =alkali metal, M =rare-earth or Group 4 element, M′ = Group 11 or 12 element, Q =chalcogen). First-principles theoretical calculations indicate that Cs 2 Bi 2 ZnS 5 and Cs 2 Bi 2 CdS 5 are semiconductors with indirect band gaps of 1.85 and 1.75 eV, respectively. The experimental band gap for Cs 2 Bi 2 CdS 5 is ≈1.7 eV, as derived from its optical absorption spectrum.
Shaping the 21st-century information professional: A convergence of technical and “soft” skills for workplace success

The information world has been in a continuous state of flux, affecting what skills and competencies an information professional needs. Therefore, school curricula have to be able to cover today's needs and also be adaptive enough to accommodate tomorrow's needs. This poster represents phase I and phase II of a research project conducted by the School of Library and Information Science (SLIS) of the University of South Carolina. This research aims to understand which skills are important and why from the information professionals’ perspective. In order to garner insight into what information skills and competencies are currently expected from library and information science (LIS) program graduates, the authors conducted a University of South Carolina SLIS employer survey and semi-structured interviewes with selected employers. The results revealed that knowledge of telecommunications and networking, as well as network security are among the most important areas of expertise. Additionally, soft skills, such as teamwork, project management, and time management were viewed as important, too.
8‐Phenylmenthyl Crotonate

[81002-19-9] C20H26O2 (MW 300.46) InChI = 1S/C20H28O2/c1-5-9-19(21)22-18-14-15(2)12-13-17(18)20(3,4)16-10-7-6-8-11-16/h5-11,15,17-18H,12-14H2,1-4H3/b9-5+/t15-,17-,18-/m1/s1 InChIKey = KTLZGZHUSJAARR-YBFAZAARSA-N (chiral ester for asymmetric induction) Alternate Name: (1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)cyclohexyl crotonate. Solubility: sol organic solvents. Form Supplied in: not commercially available. Preparative Methods: isolated as an oil from the esterification of (−)-8-Phenylmenthol with 2-butenoic acid (DCC, DMAP, CH2Cl2).1 Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR2 and [α]D. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: no special precautions are necessary other than those used for combustible organic compounds.
Crystal structure and biochemical characterization of Chlamydomonas FDX2 reveal two residues that, when mutated, partially confer FDX2 the redox potential and catalytic properties of FDX1.

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains six plastidic [2Fe2S]-cluster ferredoxins (FDXs), with FDX1 as the predominant isoform under photoautotrophic growth. FDX2 is highly similar to FDX1 and has been shown to interact with specific enzymes (such as nitrite reductase), as well as to share interactors with FDX1, such as the hydrogenases (HYDA), ferredoxin:NAD(P) reductase I (FNR1), and pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFR1), albeit performing at low catalytic rates. Here we report the FDX2 crystal structure solved at 1.18 A resolution. Based on differences between the Chlorella fusca FDX1 and C. reinhardtii FDX2 structures, we generated and purified point-mutated versions of the FDX2 protein and assayed them in vitro for their ability to catalyze hydrogen and NADPH photo-production. The data show that structural differences at two amino acid positions contribute to functional differences between FDX1 and FDX2, suggesting that FDX2 might have evolved from FDX1 toward a different physiological role in the cell. Moreover, we demonstrate that the mutations affect both the midpoint potentials of the FDX and kinetics of the FNR reaction, possibly due to altered binding between FDX and FNR. An effect on H2 photo-production rates was also observed, although the kinetics of the reaction were not further characterized.
The effects of adriamycin and X-irradiation on the murine duodenum.

Abstract The effects of a single dose of X-irradiation at various times following a single dose of Adriamycin have been evaluated at the cellular level (duodenal crypt cell survival) and whole-animal level (LD 506 ; the dose required to kill 50% of the animals in 6 days). Qualitatively, the 10-clone doses (the X-ray dose required to reduce crypt survival to 10) parallel the data for the effects of Adriamycin on the rate of DNA synthesis. In contrast, changes in the slopes (D o ) of the survival curves for the combined treatments do not correlate with the ADR-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis. The (LD 506 doses for the combined treatments also parallel the cellular toxicity data initially but for intervals from 2 to 14 days, when the cellular parameters are back to normal, there is still evidence for an Adriamycin-enhanced radiotoxicity. The discrepancy between the Adriamycin-enhanced duodenal cellular radiotoxicity and whole-body radiotoxicity is not surprising with a systemic drug like Adriamycin; however, neither the specific tissue(s) affected nor the specific underlying molecular and cellular mechanism(s) are evident in the studies to date.
Effect of selected accelerants on the physical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement.

Abstract To decrease setting time by a clinically significant amount, classic Portland cement accelerators (calcium chloride, calcium nitrite/nitrate, and calcium formate) were added to gray and white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (GMTA, WMTA) as well as to Portland cement (PC). Time to initially set was measured, as well as dimensional stability, temperature during set, and pH. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni multiple comparison test. It was found that all 3 accelerators significantly accelerated the set of GMTA and PC; only calcium chloride and calcium formate significantly accelerated WMTA. Dimensional stability was not significantly different between control and experimental groups. A statistically significant increase in temperature was observed in one group, but it was considered insignificant clinically (less than 3°C). There were seemingly minor but statistically significant differences in pH between groups set with calcium nitrite/nitrate and calcium formate. The results indicate that GMTA, WMTA, and PC mixed with these accelerators merit further study including evaluation of biocompatibility and sealing ability.
Comparison of Lipid Monolayers and Bilayers by Comparative Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Lipid-Like Dye Molecule

Using p-polarized internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in monolayer membrane systems, Livanec and Dunn have demonstrated that the order of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid molecules decrease as the surface pressure increases (Livanec and Dunn (2008) Langmuir 24 (24), 14066-14073). Although monolayer experiments provide more convenient control of membrane properties such as surface pressure, temperature, and lipid compositions, bilayers can offer a more dependable representation of a true biological membrane. This raises the question whether monolayer membranes can be used to study bilayer membranes. In order to explore the correspondence between monolayer and bilayer membranes, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with lipid reporter dye molecule BODIPY-PC in a DPPC explicit membrane were performed. The correspondence was measured in different surface pressures: high pressure (40 mN/m), normal pressure (25 mN/m), and low pressure (3 mN/m). Each pressure system consisted of 5 bilayer and 5 monolayer systems, totaling up to 30 different simulations. Each simulation ran for 3 ns of equilibration and 47 ns production. Using trajectories, BODIPY-PC molecule's orientation was characterized in terms of tilt, azimuthal, and rotation angles. The calculations were compared between bilayer and monolayer systems to examine structural similarities. In addition, non-bonded energies (or the enthalpic contribution) of the BODIPY-PC molecule in different pressure systems were compared in order to address the driving force governing tilting of the dye molecule in different pressures. The calculated tilt, azimuthal, and rotation angles suggest that monolayer and bilayer systems yield quite similar results. The energy calculations demonstrate that entropy dominates the tilting of a dye molecule in low and normal pressure whereas enthalpy plays a higher role in tilting of a dye molecule in high pressure.
Toxic effects of maternal methadone administration on cardiac development in the neonatal rat: Potential participation of altered polyamine levels in growth impairment

The pattern of development of polyamine levels in hearts of preweanling rats whose mothers received methadone indicated initial deficits in both spermidine and spermine followed by rebound elevations, a pattern consistent with delayed cellular development. Since polyamines are thought to play important roles in nucleic acid and protein synthesis during cellular maturation, these alterations may participate in the retardation of tissue growth seen in the perinatal opiate syndrome.
Protective effect of tiapamil against ventricular fibrillation during coronary artery occlusion.

Calcium channel antagonists differ in their effects on myocardial excitable properties. This study examines whether tiapamil (100 micrograms/kg/min intravenously) is capable of reducing the susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation (VF) during acute occlusion and reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. During occlusion, tiapamil elevated the VF threshold to 17.5 +/- 8.2 mA compared to a control of 8.6 +/- 5.9 mA (2p less than 0.01). However, no significant effect was noted upon reperfusion of the vessel. Adrenergic stimulation with norepinephrine, 0.5 microgram/kg/min, lowered the VF threshold by 32% (2p less than 0.02), and by 6% (N.S.) when tiapamil was infused concurrently. Thus, tiapamil protects the heart against VF during coronary occlusion, but not during reperfusion. This appears to be mediated in part by an antiadrenergic action of the drug.
Early Irradiation of Matter in the Solar System: Magnesium (Proton, Neutron) Scheme

The occurrence of positive and negative 26Mg anomalies in inclusions of the Allende meteorite is explained in terms of proton bombardment of a gas of solar composition. A significant fraction of 26Mg in the irradiated gas is stored temporarily in the form of radioactive 26Al by the reaction 26Mg(p,n) 26Al. Proton fluxes of 1017 to 1019 protons per square centimeter per year at l million electron volts are inferred. Aluminum-rich materials condensing from the gas phase have positive 26Mg anomalies, whereas magnesium-rich materials have negative 26Mg anomalies. The proton flux required to account for the observed magnesium anomalies is used to investigate possible isotopic anomalies in the elements from oxygen to argon. Detectable isotopic anomalies are predicted only for neon. The anomalous neon is virtually pure 22Ne from 22Na decay. The predicted amount of anomalous 22Ne is about 10–8 cubic centimeter (at standard temperature and pressure) per milligram of sodium.
Analysis of semiconductors with field-dependent mobility

Using the time domain analysis of Lagrangian approach, the small-signal behavior of a semiconductor with field-dependent mobility under various contact conditions is analyzed. A generalized closed form solution for an impulse current response is derived when the carrier velocity characteristic is expressed by a piecewise linear function. This result gives an accurate description of the transient performance of the device and can provide good insight into device operation. Numerical examples are given for a negative differential mobility GaAs crystal, considering the conditions under which negative resistances occur. A generalized small-signal impedance of the semiconductor is given, from which previous results reported for particular devices can be obtained as special cases.
Sag and phase descriptions for null corrector certifiers

Null correctors are important in the fabrication of aspheric optics. Although null correctors simplify testing of aspheric surfaces, they can increase the risk of fabricating aspheric surfaces. Undetected errors in the null corrector will result in an aspheric surface that does not meet design specifications. To prevent such problems, a null corrector is certified prior to using it to test an aspheric surface during fabrication. Certification verifies that the null corrector has been produced properly. Current methods of certification that include computer-generated holograms and diamond-turned mirrors require a mathematical description of the certifier. We provide sag and phase formulas for describing such certifiers. The formulas can be used to define certifiers for a broad range of aspheric surfaces. For each aspheric test surface, the specific certifier parameters are found through optimization using default merit functions. Via two different aspheric surfaces, we demonstrate the usefulness and simplicity of our truncated-series sag and phase formulas to define certifiers.