cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elevated body temperatures of adult female leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, while aggregating in shallow nearshore embayments: Evidence for behavioral thermoregulation?

The leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, is an abundant nearshore elasmobranch, ranging from Baja California, Mexico to Oregon, USA. Mature female leopard sharks have been observed aggregating in shallow embayments throughout California; however, it is unclear why only females aggregate in these shallow areas. The goal of this study was to determine if mature female leopard sharks selectively occupy the warmest areas of a shallow embayment, if free-ranging leopard sharks' body temperatures are significantly warmer during the day than at night, and to quantify temporal use of these shallow habitats. Visual observations of sharks' fine-scale movements within the shallows of Big Fisherman's Cove Marine Life Refuge (Santa Catalina Island) aggregation site indicated that sharks preferred the warmest areas of the embayment and moved to warmer locations over the course of the day (pb0.05). Active and passive acoustic tracking, along with archival transponder technology (Vemco: V13, V13-R256, VX32TP-CHAT tags respectively) of 16 sharks caught and tagged within this aggregation were used to monitor core body temperature, swimming depth, and movements. Sharks had significantly higher core body temperatures in the late afternoon (1700 h–2000 h) during the summer, showed increased fidelity to thermal refuges during the day and increased movement away from these refuges at night (χ 2 , pb0.05). Seasonal variations in warm, shallow water usage were also observed. Elevated core body temperature of mature female leopard sharks using warm shallow embayments will likely augment metabolic and physiological functions such as digestion, somatic growth, and possibly reproduction. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Autoimmunity and Asbestos Exposure

Despite a body of evidence supporting an association between asbestos exposure and autoantibodies indicative of systemic autoimmunity, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA), a strong epidemiological link has never been made to specific autoimmune diseases. This is in contrast with another silicate dust, crystalline silica, for which there is considerable evidence linking exposure to diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Instead, the asbestos literature is heavily focused on cancer, including mesothelioma and pulmonary carcinoma. Possible contributing factors to the absence of a stronger epidemiological association between asbestos and autoimmune disease include (a) a lack of statistical power due to relatively small or diffuse exposure cohorts, (b) exposure misclassification, (c) latency of clinical disease, (d) mild or subclinical entities that remain undetected or masked by other pathologies, or (e) effects that are specific to certain fiber types, so that analyses on mixed exposures do not reach statistical significance. This review summarizes epidemiological, animal model, and in vitro data related to asbestos exposures and autoimmunity. These combined data help build toward a better understanding of the fiber-associated factors contributing to immune dysfunction that may raise the risk of autoimmunity and the possible contribution to asbestos-related pulmonary disease.
Evaluation of laser spallation as a technique for measurement of cell adhesion strength

Cell adhesion to material surfaces is one of the fundamental phenomena of cellular response to implanted devices. Controlling the strength, dynamics, and mechanics of cell adhesion offer opportunities for designing novel biomaterials for tissue engineering and biotechnology. Many techniques have been developed for the purpose of quantifying various types of cell–biomaterial interaction. One method to evaluate cell affinity for a biomaterial is to measure the stress required to remove adherent cells from the material. This study investigates the possibility of using laser spallation, a technique previously developed for measuring the tensile strength of thin film interfaces, for evaluation of initial cell attachment strength. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured on fibronectin-coated polystyrene, a surface known to engage cells in receptor mediated adhesion, and untreated polystyrene, which elicit nonspecific adhesion mechanisms during early stages of cell attachment. The laser spallation technique effectively detached cells from polymer substrates and also distinguished relative cell adhesion strengths to surfaces with known differences in cell binding affinities. Scanning electron micrographs determined that cell detachment resulting from laser spallation left a cleaner surface than jet impingement, possibly suggesting a more complete detachment mechanism. Absolute values of adhesion strengths determined by laser spallation were significantly higher than those found using jet impingement, a previously reported hydrodynamic technique. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Spatial and temporal variations in annual balance of North Cascade glaciers, Washington 1984–2000

Since 1984, annual glacier mass balance measurements have been conducted on eight glaciers by the North Cascades Glacier Climate Project (NCGCP). Since 1993 the National Park Service (NPS) has monitored the mass balance of four glaciers, and the NCGCP an additional two glaciers. This 14 glacier monitoring network, covering an area of 14 000 km 2 , represents the most extensive network of mass balance measurements for alpine glaciated areas in the world. The breadth of the record allows determination of the annual variability of annual balance from glacier to glacier, and from year to year. Data indicate a broad regional continuity in the response of these glaciers to climate. All cross-correlation values between any pair of the 14 glaciers ranged from 0Ð80 to 0Ð98. This strong degree of correlation indicates that regionalscale climate conditions, not local microclimates, are the primary control of glacier annual balance in the North Cascades. Data also indicate that the annual mass balance trend for glaciers was strongly negative from 1984 to 1994 and slightly positive from 1995 to 2000. The cumulative annual mass balance for eight glaciers between 1984 and 1994 was � 0Ð39 m year � 1 . From 1995 to 2000 the cumulative annual mass balance of the same eight glaciers was C0Ð10 m year � 1 ,a ndC0Ð15 m year � 1 for all 14 glaciers in this study. The correlation coefficients indicate the strongly similar response, not that the specific magnitude of the annual mass balance for each glacier is the same. There is a significant annual range in the individual glacier balances, averaging 1Ð01 m, and in the mean annual mass balance between glaciers. All of the glaciers with more positive annual mass balances since 1995 had either significant accumulation areas extending above 2300 m, and/or are east of the zone of maximum precipitation. The glaciers with the most negative annual mass balance are those with the lowest mean elevation. The record is, as yet, too short to explain the variability of mass balance fully using climate data and seasonal mass balance data. Copyright  2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Success and failure as determinants of level of authoritarianism

Various authors have argued that the more threatening an individual's environment is, the more authoritarian he is likely to be. This hypothesis was investigated in two separate experiments. In both, Ss were pretested for authoritarianism and then were exposed to one of two conditions. In the first condition, Ss were threatened by failure at two experimental tasks; in the second, they were presumably encouraged by success at these tasks. In both studies, failure increased and success decreased the Ss' levels of authoritarianism. In both studies, these changes in authoritarianism were greater for individuals who attributed their performance to internal causes. In addition, data from the second investigation indicated that these manipulations affected Ss' tendencies to conform to the judgments of an authority figure. The findings appear to support the contention that personality is an open system.
Creep Analysis of Bend Specimens Subject to Tensile Cracking

Expressions are derived which permit the analysis of creep data, obtained in bending, for poly crystalline ceramics subject to tensile cracking. A numerical example based on literature data indicates that by considering the effect of cracks much better agreement is obtained between diffusion coefficients inferred from the creep data and those obtained by direct diffusion measurements.
Using Content Analysis to Examine Consumer Behaviors Portrayed on Television: A Pilot Study in a Consumer Education Context

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of content analysis methodology for clarifying the nature of one agent of consumer socialization, prime-time television. The results indicated that the consumer-related content of prime-time television programs can be identified with this technique and that it may be useful in studying a variety of issues in consumer affairs. Special issues that should be considered in using the methodology are outlined, as are some promising avenues for future research concerning the socialization of consumers.
A cross-validation of two short forms of the WAIS-R in a geriatric sample suspected of dementia.

This study investigated two short forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised reported by Silverstein (1982). The short form IQs were calculated from test data of 42 geriatric patients with suspected dementia. The short form IQs were compared to the actual Full Scale IQs. Correlations between the two and four subtest short forms and the actual IQs were .93 and .96, respectively. In addition, the two subtest short forms correctly classified 67% of the sample on the basis of Wechsler's intelligence categories, and the four subtest short forms correctly classified 83% of the sample. It was concluded that these short forms should not be used when a precise IQ assessment is required; however, they may be useful for various screening purposes.
Associations between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and fast-food restaurant frequency among adolescents and their friends.

Abstract Objective To assess associations between adolescents and their friends with regard to sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB)/diet soda intake and fast-food (FF) restaurant visits. Design Population-based, cross-sectional survey study with direct measures from friends. Setting Twenty Minneapolis/St Paul schools during 2009–2010. Participants Adolescents (n = 2,043; mean age, 14.2 ± 1.9 years; 46.2% female; 80% non-white). Main Outcome Measures Adolescent SSB/diet soda intake and FF visits. Analysis Generalized estimating equation logistic models were used to examine associations between adolescents' SSB/diet soda intake and FF visits and similar behaviors in nominated friends (friend groups and best friends). School-level (middle vs high school) interactions were assessed. Results Significant associations were found between adolescents and friends behaviors for each of the beverages assessed ( P P P Conclusions and Implications Findings suggest that for many beverages and FF restaurant types, friends' behaviors are associated, especially FF visits for older adolescents. Nutrition education efforts may benefit by integrating knowledge of the impact of adolescents' friends on FF visits.
Church-Based Social Support and a Sense of Belonging in a Congregation Among Older Mexican–Americans

Research suggests that people with a strong sense of belonging in a congregation tend to rate their health in a more favorable way. However, relatively little is known about how a sense of belonging arises in a congregation. The purpose of the current study is to see if five different dimensions of church-based social support are associated with a sense of belonging in a congregation. In the process, an effort is made to contribute to the literature in two potentially important ways. First, the relationship between church-based support and belonging is evaluated with data from a nationwide survey of older Mexican–Americans. Second, tests are conducted to see if there are gender differences in the relationship between church-based support and belonging. The findings suggest that for the sample as a whole, receiving more of each type of church-based social support is associated with a stronger sense of belonging. Moreover, the results reveal that the relationship between all five types of church-based support and belonging is stronger for older Mexican–American men than for older Mexican–American women.
Health information exchange among U.S. hospitals: who's in, who's out, and why?

Background A key goal of the 2009 HITECH Act is to ensure broad electronic exchange of clinical data among providers. We sought to assess whether current policy efforts, many of which are being developed by states, appear to be tackling key barriers to hospital participation in health information exchange (HIE). Methods We used the most recent national data from the American Hospital Association's IT Supplement to assess U.S. hospital participation in HIE and how participation varies by state. We then examined whether HIE is being pursued by all types of hospitals, or whether specific types of hospitals are not yet engaged. We focused on for-profit hospitals, those with smaller market share, and those in more competitive markets. Results We found that 30% of U.S. hospitals engaged in health information exchange with unaffiliated providers. There was large variation in state-level participation, with some states achieving more than 70% participation (Rhode Island, Delaware and Vermont) and others with minimal participation. In markets where exchange occurred, for-profit hospitals were far less likely to engage in HIE than non-profit hospitals (OR=0.17; p<0.001). Hospitals with a larger market share were more likely to engage in exchange (OR=2.05 for hospitals in the highest relative to the lowest quartile of market share; p<0.001), as were hospitals in less competitive markets (OR=2.15 for hospitals in the most relative to least concentrated market quartile; p=0.04). Conclusions Despite an uptick in hospital HIE participation since the start of HITECH, the majority of hospitals still do not engage in HIE and there is large state-to-state variation. Specific types of hospitals appear to feel that they are better off not engaging in HIE. Implications Stronger policies and incentives may be needed to convince organizations to share their data electronically. Pursuing these is critical to ensuring that the highly anticipated quality and efficiency gains from our large national investment in health information technology are realized.
A Precarious Pedestal: The Confederate Woman in Faulkner's Unvanquished

The Confederate Woman.… It took the civilization of an Old South to produce her — a civilization whose exquisite but fallen fabric now belongs to the Dust of Dreams. But we have not lost the blood royal of the ancient line; and in the veins of an infant Southland still ripples the heroic strain. The Confederate Woman, in her silent influence, in her eternal vigil, still bides.
Fabrication and process characterization of atom transistor chips

This paper describes the design and fabrication of an atom chip for atom tunneling experiments. A fabrication process was developed that uses a combination of UV-optical and Electron-Beam lithography to pattern micrometer and nanometer scale copper wires on a single chip. The minimum wire width fabricated in this work is 200nm. The wires can carry current densities of more than 7.5×107 A/cm2. The electrical current tests establish the feasibility of realizing chip-based atom tunneling experiments.
The Reproductive System of Gastrotrichs. III. Genital organs of Thaumastodermatinae subfam. n. and Diplodasyinae subfam. n. with discussion of reproduction in Macrodasyida1

A comparative structural and ultrastructural investigation is made of genital organs of selected, genera of Thaumastodermatidae and their constructions are defined. Two new subfamilies are designated within the family based on reproductive features and other characteristics. The occurrence of bounding epithelia about the gonads, ova and central body region is noted. Paramyosin type muscles are noted for Platydasys. General and specific features of spermatogenesis, oogenesis and fertilization are defined and discussed. The evolution of accessory reproductive organs in Macrodasyida is discussed.
Ambivalence Model of Craving: A Latent Profile Analysis of Cue-Elicited Alcohol Craving in an Inpatient Clinical Sample.

Objective:Craving has been defined as intense desires or urges to consume alcohol and is considered predictive of future drinking and relapse. Despite this assumption, research on the craving–drinking relationship has been mixed, calling into question how researchers define and measure craving. The primary aim of the current study was to examine a promising, but understudied, model of craving (Ambivalence Model of Craving [AMC]) that calls for the concurrent assessment of both approach (desires to use) and avoidance (desires to not use) inclinations.Method:Participants (N = 175) were recruited from an acute detoxification facility. Alcohol craving was evaluated with a cue-reactivity paradigm in which participants viewed substance cue slides and separately rated their desire to consume and not consume the substance after each image. Latent profile analysis examined distinct motivational profiles for alcohol predicted by the AMC: ambivalence (high approach, high avoidance), indifference (low approach, low a...
Addressing Bad Management Practices in a Family Owned Oil Field Environmental Organization: A Longitudinal Case Study of a Management Turn Around

Abstract. Bad management practices can plague any organization and can be an on-going challenge for organizations of all sizes. In the case of Extra Environmental, Inc. (EEI), bad managementhas had a more significant impact as it permeated throughout every major department in the company. A culture of bad management has entrenched itself at EEI, while the ownership partners operated as if bad management practices were a byproduct of the oil and gas industry. A case study, used to undertake this report was based on the uniqueness of the parameters and specific measures taken to address the challenges. The case study identified five (5) key problems, as detailed below, that was studied, diagnosed, and addressed, to meet this case study’s objectives. This case assessed the steps employed to address the specific bad managementpractices, and to gain an understanding of what good management looks like so corrective actions can be employed to aid an organization. The strategies and activitiesundertaken in this study focused on not only fixingbad management practices, but also to create strong management functions inan organization and stabilize their workforce and grow the organization. Cultural and change aspects were also key factors in this study in that they are foundational components that must be addressed to gain any level of success in turning around bad management practices at an organization. Thus, a compilation of diagnosis, corrective actions, change, and culture were identified as the key success factors in this study as well as the support given by many of the literature resources used in this study. It was the financial impact, as well as other major problems identified in the due diligence process, that created the rationale for this case study. Keywords. Management practices, Environmental Organization, Management. JEL. E01, Q00, Q50.
The role of reflexivity in understanding human understanding

The Introduction to the collection of papers, "Reflexivity: A Source-book in Self-reference". The Introduction studies the limits of our understanding that we carry unavoidably with us. We are perpetually confined within the horizons of our conceptual structure. When this structure grows or expands, the breadth of our comprehensions enlarges, but we are forever barred from the wished-for glimpse beyond its boundaries, no matter how hard we try, no matter how much credence we invest in the substance of our learning and mist of speculation.
How should we manage thrombosis of Viabahn stent-graft? A case report focused on catheter-directed thrombolysis

Abstract Purpose To report a case of a thrombosed GORE® VIABAHN® endoprosthesis stent-graft in the femoral artery (SFA) and popliteal artery managed using the pulse-spray technique and complicated by compartment syndrome of the lower leg of the affected limb. Case Report A 61-year-old woman with three Viabahn stent grafts relining seven bare-metal stents in her right SFA and popliteal artery visited our hospital with complaint of recurrent lifestyle-limiting claudication of right leg. Angiography and intravascular ultrasound showed complete intra-stent obstruction by thrombus from the proximal right SFA to the proximal popliteal artery. Catheter-directed thrombolysis using pulse-spray technique followed by mechanical thrombectomy was performed. Despite successful recanalization, unfortunately, compartment syndrome developed on her right leg on the following day and fasciotomy was performed. Conclusion The larger thrombus burden in Viabahn stent-grafts and its unique physicochemical properties increases the risk for distal embolic complications and potential poor clinical outcomes.
AC/DC coupling effects on low-IF tag-assisted mobile Doppler radar life sign detection

This paper investigates the AC and DC coupling effects in low-IF tag assisted continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar system. A low-IF RF tag device has been studied for motion artifact compensation in measuring vital sign using a mobile Doppler radar. This work presents a thorough investigation on coupling requirements of the amplifiers for signal conditioning of the received RF signal. Analysis and experiments were performed to achieve proper filtering of unwanted motion artifact from mobile baseband Doppler radar signal using adaptive filtering. This research work will benefit successful motion-artifact-compensation of mobile Doppler-radar life-sign device in vehicle, autonomous aerial vehicle, and in search and rescue robots.
Personality change in the church-related liberal arts college.

Four scales of the OPI (developmental status, impulse expression, social maturity and schizoid functioning) and the F and E scales were employed to measure personality change in 38 Ss during 4 yr. at a church-related liberal arts college. Significant increases were found in developmental status, but little change in impulse expression. Significant increase was found in social maturity, and significant decrease in schizoid functioning, especially during the last 2 yr. The F and E scales also showed significant decreases. Some sex differences were found in F and E scores (men showing greater decrease, especially during the last 2 yr.) and in schizoid functioning (women showing a sharp drop in the final 2 yr.). Changes observed during the last 2 yr. are at variance with most other research.
Power quality and stability analysis during islanded mode operation in a microgrid based on master-slave configuration

The current energy trend is the hybrid system projection in which renewable sources and storage systems provide a high percentage of energy needs, leaving the use of conventional system for emergency cases. Hence, microgrids represent a viable solution for the electricity demands in isolated or non-electrified areas. Only diesel generators were previously used in this kind of applications. Their efficiency is reduced during its performance, the operation and maintenance (O & M) is high cost and they present a short lifetime, when they operate in a low load operating mode. Microgrids can reduce these problems and build on the existing territory renewable energy resources, comprising a viable and favorable option. The aim of this paper is the analysis during islanded mode operation in a microgrid based on master-slave configuration. The study was conducted in the ATENEA microgrid premises in CENER (National Renewable Energy Center of Spain). The installation consists of a photovoltaic system, a diesel generator and a storage system (Lead-acid batteries). Concerning the proposed configuration, the systems that define the voltage and frequency setpoints during islanded operation can be the lead-acid batteries converter or the diesel generator. Thus, during this mode operation, concepts related to power quality and grid stability are analyzed. The study concludes with a comparison between the two systems that can operate as the master of the installation, showing the advantages and disadvantages of the diesel genset in respect with the power electronics related to the storage system or vice versa. Finally, conclusions about the most suitable system configuration for the islanded microgrid operation are obtained.
Welfare, Liberty, and Security for All? U.S. Sex Education Policy and the 1996 Title V Section 510 of the Social Security Act

When adolescents delay (meaning they wait until after middle school) engaging in sexual intercourse, they use condoms at higher rates and have fewer sexual partners than those who have sex earlier, thus resulting in a lower risk for unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. The 1996 Section 510 of Title V of the Social Security Act (often referred to as A-H) is a policy that promotes abstinence-only-until-marriage education (AOE) within public schools. Using Stone's (2012) policy analysis framework, this article explores how A-H limits welfare, liberty, and security among adolescents due to the poor empirical outcomes of AOE policy. We recommend incorporating theory-informed comprehensive sex education in addition to theory-informed abstinence education that utilizes Fishbein and Ajzen's (2010) reasoned action model within schools in order to begin to address adolescent welfare, liberty, and security.
Prophylaxis and treatment recommendations for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in adult and pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a review of the literature

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, a complication occurring early after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is a concern for clinicians. There are no guidelines to direct clinicians on the optimal way to prevent and treat this disease. Newer data show that defibrotide is a promising drug both for prevention and treatment, although it is not yet FDA approved.
Noise-reducing of vibration signal in SRM ground test by using wavelet analysis

During solid rocket motor ground tests, because of action of jet noise, there are strong noise component in measured vibration signal. The correlativity between noise signal and vibration signal is analyzed in this paper. The strong frequency bands in which noise signal affect vibration signal are determined. Combination with wavelet analysis and waveletpacket analysis, the noise signal is extracted from vibration signal by using method of separating frequency band, and satisfied result is given.
Does a behavioral science rotation change residents' self-assessed psychosocial attitudes and behavior?

The purpose of this study was to determine changes in self-assessed resident psychosocial attitudes and behavior after participation in a month-long behavioral science rotation. The four areas specifically investigated were 1) Personal Attributes, 2) Attitudes toward the Practice of Medicine, 3) Basic Psychosocial Skills of interviewing and assessment, and 4) Complex Psychosocial Skills, including counseling and brief psychological intervention. A total of 17 male and 9 female residents participated sequentially in 4-6 consecutive weeks of a specially designed behavioral science curriculum. Results demonstrated change in the positive direction in only two of the four areas, Personal Attributes (p. less than .05), and Psychosocial Assessment Skills (p. less than 000). Findings suggest that certain basic psychosocial assessment skills, especially those in which residents initially evaluate themselves as lacking mastery, can be successfully taught through a structured format. However, overall lack of clinically relevant improvement points to significant limitations in using structured coursework to address issues of values and attitudinal change. Further, such a structured approach does not seem to have been effective in teaching the skills requiring actual patient intervention.
Energy Flow and Particle Spectra in 10–15 A GeV/c Heavy-Ion Collisions at BNL

In October, 1986, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) succeeded in the acceleration of the first heavy-ion beams, 16O, at 14.5 A GeV/c at the AGS. Subsequently,28Si beams were accelerated in March, 1987. Currently a new booster ring is under construction with which to accelerate 197Au beams in 1991. Furthermore, the project called the “RHIC” (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider), to provide 238U beams at 100 A GeV in a collider mode, is waiting for its construction approval.
High-precision telerobot with human-centered variable perspective and scalable gestural interface

Telerobotics (i.e., remote-controlling robots) is highly attractive for tasks in potentially dangerous situations, e.g., search and rescue, space exploration, and handling hazardous materials. However, when telerobots are deployed to complete tasks, the human operator needs to develop task plan and figure out how to execute it using the available control interface. Inappropriate controls can lead to excessive cognitive load and long task completion times. If the human operator can interact with the robot in an intuitive way, he or she can focus more on the task. For that reason, we have designed a human-centered control interface that allows the operator to modify the user perspective, command via hand gestures and natural language, and scale human input motion to any suitable range on the robot. The interface consists of a Leap Motion Controller for hand tracking, microphone for speech detection, and a simple turn knob for varying the scaling factor between the human and robot motions. The teleoperator software utilizes the Robot Operating System (ROS) which enables open-source development and hardware agnosticism. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system by executing a high-precision task of threading a needle. Furthermore, we present results from a usability study in where people were asked to complete high-precision tasks with both the developed human-centered gestural control input and a conventional functionality-centered drag-and-drop interface.
Professional Development for Mathematics Teachers: Using Task Design and Analysis

This study presents a year-long professional development program using a Task Design and Analysis activity for mathematics teachers. The study examines teacher growth, including their knowledge of mathematics, understanding of students’ cognitive activity, and ability to develop high quality tasks. Results include teachers’ initial understanding of the task, teacher’s interpretations and awareness of their student’s strategies used to solve the task, and the pattern of revised tasks. Two main approaches used by inservice teachers were symbolic manipulation and the guess and check method. Approximately one-quarter of the teachers reported mathematical language as the weakest area, and mathematical accuracy seem to have the least issue with teachers. All teachers valued students employing basic steps of a problem solving process-understanding the problem, working on the solution by using heuristics, and looking back. Tasks revised by teachers were categorized in four areas, contextual changes, conceptual changes, procedural changes, and format.
Questions as prototypes: Facilitating children's discovery and elaboration during game design

Prototyping is critical for refining designs, but to advance to this stage requires openness to changing ideas. We examine two cases of 14-year old children constructing and playtesting physical prototypes of digital games: one group characterized as flexible in their ideas, and the other characterized as fixated. Field notes, audio recordings, and design artifacts show how one team's flexibility allowed them to discover material constraints and affordances through prototyping; while the other's fixation influenced his prototyping strategy and limited his learning from it. We explore how questions from facilitators helped both teams to elaborate and generate ideas. This study has implications for supporting children in game design.
Abstract IA07: Germline next-generation sequencing panels for detection of inherited colorectal cancer syndromes

Background: Germline genetic testing for hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes can prevent cancer and save lives by identifying individuals who will benefit from enhanced surveillance, prophylactic surgery, and other risk-reduction strategies. Classically, hereditary cancer risk assessment has involved identification of individuals with clinical histories that fulfill specific criteria for a given syndrome followed by germline testing for mutations in the associated gene(s). Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies now allow individuals to undergo germline evaluation of numerous genes in parallel and a growing array of multigene panels are clinically available for such diagnostic testing. Methods: This presentation will discuss updates in clinical genetic testing, specifically the growing availability of next-generation sequencing multigene panel testing for hereditary cancer risk assessment. Findings: Data regarding next-generation sequencing multigene panel testing will be presented and will be contrasted with traditional, syndrome-specific hereditary colorectal cancer risk assessment strategies. Particular areas of focus in this talk will include: the detection of unexpected/off-target germline mutations by multigene panels (e.g. BRCA1/2 mutations in patients with colorectal cancer); cost-effectiveness considerations; the significance of moderate-penetrance cancer susceptibility gene mutations; germline variants of uncertain significance; and ways in which multigene panel testing results are expanding knowledge (and uncertainty) about both well- and poorly-defined colorectal cancer predisposition syndromes. Conclusions: Next-generation sequencing multigene panels are rapidly growing in popularity and availability for assessing hereditary cancer risk, including the identification of germline mutations linked to inherited colorectal cancer risk. In order for patients considering such testing to receive optimal care, it is essential that both they and their providers have a clear understanding of the benefits and potential limitations of multigene panels, including the possibility of identifying unexpected and/or indeterminate germline results. Citation Format: Matthew B. Yurgelun. Germline next-generation sequencing panels for detection of inherited colorectal cancer syndromes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA07.
Effect of Ligand Coverage on Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Colloidal WSe2

In this work, we examine the direct influence of ligand coverage on a catalytically active surface for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We tested the electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of colloidally synthesized WSe2 with dodecylamine ligands before and after treatment with Meerwein’s reagent, which was shown to reduce the coverage of amine and lead to an improvement in the overpotential for HER by as much as 180 mV on the same electrode (reversible upon re-ligation with amine). The underlying mechanism of the improvement in HER catalysis following treatment with Meerwein’s reagent was investigated using a combination of Tafel slope analysis, electrochemically active surface area measurements, and impedance spectroscopy. These electrochemical measurements are rationalized with Fermi level and d-band center analysis from XPS. Together, these measurements suggest that, while the surface area of the WSe2 increases upon ligand stripping, the intrinsic catalytic capability of the WSe2 also c...
Reactivity of Dithioethers Toward [Re2X8]2−

The reactivities of 3,6-dithiaoctane (dto) and 2,5-dithiahexane (dth) toward quadruply bonded octahalodirhenate(III) ions have been investigated under a variety of conditions. At or below 50°C, the reaction of [Re2Cl8]2− with dto in ethanol yields a novel quadruply bonded anion, [Re2Cl7(dto)]−. At higher temperatures, this reaction produces the paramagnetic triply bonded compound Re2Cl5(dto)2. Similarly, [Re2Cl7(dth)]− and Re2Cl5(dth)2 have been isolated from reactions between [Re2Cl8]2− and dth in ethanol. The complexes [Re2Cl7(LL)]−, in which LL = dto or dth, have been shown to be intermediates in the synthesis of Re2Cl5(LL)2. No such intermediates have been detected in the reactions of dto and dth with quadruply bonded [Re2Br8]2− to produce Re2Br5(LL)2. No reaction occurs between [Re2X8]2− and dto in dichloromethane, acetone, or acetonitrile. The X-ray crystal structures of (n-Bu4N)[Re2Cl7(dto)]−, (n-Bu4N)[Re2Cl7(dth)]−, Re2Cl5(dto)2, and Re2Br5(dto)2 will be presented.
Pushing Past Clichés: Latina and Black Women’s Perceptions of the Dietetics Major and Profession during Career Exploration

ABSTRACTDiversity in dietetics, like other health professions, has remained stagnant despite the increase of racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States. We examined how Latina and Black women, enrolled in a university outreach program, make sense of a critical media literacy program during career introduction to dietetics. Our findings revealed that the women did not identify with the dietetics major and profession due to stereotypical images. Cliche messages were used as a discourse method. The need to explore public discourse to understand identity formation and barriers to entry into health profession careers is discussed.
The socio-economics of artisanal mining and bushmeat hunting around protected areas: Kahuzi–Biega National Park and Itombwe Nature Reserve, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

In the Democratic Republic of Congo artisanal and small-scale mining is estimated to provide a source of livelihood for 14–16% of the population, or 8–10 million people. In the eastern part of the country it is one of the main threats to large mammal species and their habitats, including forest elephants Loxodonta cyclotis and great apes, such as the Critically Endangered Grauer's gorilla Gorilla beringei graueri and the Endangered eastern chimpanzee Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii. We used semi-structured questionnaires to survey mining communities in and around Kahuzi–Biega National Park and the Itombwe Nature Reserve to understand better the socio-economics of artisanal mining in the region, as well as the impacts of mining on bushmeat hunting. Minerals exploited at the sites surveyed included cassiterite, gold, coltan and wolframite, and most mines were controlled by armed groups. On average, miners earned significantly higher revenue than non-miners. However, mining was seen as a short-term activity and most miners were in favour of leaving the sector for better opportunities. Almost all respondents stated openly that they consumed bushmeat regularly because of the lack of alternatives and believed that bushmeat hunting had caused declines and local extinctions of some large mammal populations, including great apes. Respondents stated they would reduce their consumption of bushmeat if domestic meats became more available. We recommend that future interventions should target mine sites to address bushmeat hunting, by improving access to sustainable meat sources, establishing micro-financing mechanisms to help miners leave the mining sector, and working towards de-militarizing these sites to facilitate law enforcement.
Synergistic interactions with PI3K inhibition that induce apoptosis

Activating mutations involving the PI3K pathway occur frequently in human cancers. However, PI3K inhibitors primarily induce cell cycle arrest, leaving a significant reservoir of tumor cells that may acquire or exhibit resistance. We searched for genes that are required for the survival of PI3K mutant cancer cells in the presence of PI3K inhibition by conducting a genome scale shRNA-based apoptosis screen in a PIK3CA mutant human breast cancer cell. We identified 5 genes (PIM2, ZAK, TACC1, ZFR, ZNF565) whose suppression induced cell death upon PI3K inhibition. We showed that small molecule inhibitors of the PIM2 and ZAK kinases synergize with PI3K inhibition. In addition, using a microscale implementable device to deliver either siRNAs or small molecule inhibitors in vivo, we showed that suppressing these 5 genes with PI3K inhibition induced tumor regression. These observations identify targets whose inhibition synergizes with PI3K inhibitors and nominate potential combination therapies involving PI3K inhibition.
Performance analysis of deep learning architectures for ultrasonic NDE applications

Research on Deep Learning algorithms has progressed rapidly in recent years. Since the inception of deep learning, numerous architectures have been proposed for various applications targeting pattern recognition, image, audio and information analysis. For example, often audio signal classifications use variations of Deep Belief Networks (DBN), while a Deep Neural Network (DNN) called AlexNet is widely used for handwriting and alphabet recognition. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and its derivatives are primarily used in machine vision and imaging applications. Convolutional Deep Belief Networks (CDBN) work as a combination of CNN and DBN architectures and can be applied to image, audio and multimodal data. There has been limited studies on the effectiveness of these architectures for ultrasonic NDE applications. Therefore, this work investigates new flaw detection methods based on recent advances on deep learning architectures.
The Illusion of Change, The Politics of Illusion : Evolution of the Family Support Act of 1988

The enactment of the Family Support Act was the outcome of a six-year legislative and administrative review of, and debate about, welfare policy and programs. Heralded as the opportunity of the century, it did little, however, to alter existing policy. This article examines the evolution of the Family Support Act within the United States Congress, spotlighting two important time periods leading up to its enactment: 1981 to 1985 and 1986 to 1988. Original documents from the files of the late Senator Moynihan, legislative sponsor of the Family Support Act, as well as a comprehensive investigation of Congressional records of hearings and debates, media editorials and commentaries, and extensive Congressional interviews form the basis for this analysis which vividly illustrates the politics of welfare policy-making in the United States. It concludes with observations about the policy implications of the Family Support Act and offers insight into how its passage paved the way for the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996.
How Art Instills a Sense of Competence: Engaging Inner City Children through Imaginative Drawing.

When I began teaching after-school art at a middle school located in a city, I noticed that some of the students sitting alone in the corner of the classroom were not taking part in any activities....
Heme redox potentials hold the key to reactivity differences between nitric oxide reductase and heme-copper oxidase

Despite high structural homology between NO reductases (NORs) and heme-copper oxidases (HCOs), factors governing their reaction specificity remain to be understood. Using a myoglobin-based model of NOR (Fe B Mb) and tuning its heme redox potentials (E°′) to cover the native NOR range, through manipulating hydrogen bonding to the proximal histidine ligand and replacing heme b with monoformyl (MF-) or diformyl (DF-) hemes, we herein demonstrate that the E°′ holds the key to reactivity differences between NOR and HCO. Detailed electrochemical, kinetic, and vibrational spectroscopic studies, in tandem with density functional theory calculations, demonstrate a strong influence of heme E°′ on NO reduction. Decreasing E°′ from +148 to −130 mV significantly impacts electronic properties of the NOR mimics, resulting in 180- and 633-fold enhancements in NO association and heme-nitrosyl decay rates, respectively. Our results indicate that NORs exhibit finely tuned E°′ that maximizes their enzymatic efficiency and helps achieve a balance between opposite factors: fast NO binding and decay of dinitrosyl species facilitated by low E°′ and fast electron transfer facilitated by high E°′. Only when E°′ is optimally tuned in Fe B Mb(MF-heme) for NO binding, heme-nitrosyl decay, and electron transfer does the protein achieve multiple (>35) turnovers, previously not achieved by synthetic or enzyme-based NOR models. This also explains a long-standing question in bioenergetics of selective cross-reactivity in HCOs. Only HCOs with heme E°′ in a similar range as NORs (between −59 and 200 mV) exhibit NOR reactivity. Thus, our work demonstrates efficient tuning of E°′ in various metalloproteins for their optimal functionality.
Hilbert Schemes and Chow Varieties

Let X be an algebraic variety, say for simplicity X = ℙn. Studying the geometry of X frequently involves understanding some of the subvarieties of X. Already at the very beginning of these studies it becomes clear that subvarieties come in families. The simplest case arises in studying hypersurfaces in ℙn, when we discover that smooth hypersurfaces of the same degree are very much alike — for instance, they are diffeomorphic to each other. Similarly, it is usually not difficult to understand families of hypersurfaces on an arbitrary variety.
Play and Leisure

For young children, playing with toys and with other children is usually as natural as breathing. Most children prefer the company of other children to being alone. Even infants usually prefer the human voice over other sounds and choose pictures of human faces over other pictures or patterns. For children or adults with autism or similar developmental disorders, however, these same natural activities become difficult tasks they have to master. In fact, difficulty with social interaction and representational play is one of the identifying characteristics in the definition of autism (American Psychiatric Association, 1994; National Society for Autistic Children, 1977). Children with autism often respond to common toys by tasting, banging, or spinning them. They often lack the ability to pretend-play or imitate others. They may not have a sense of winning or losing, and they often seem to be indifferent or even hostile to playing with different toys or other children.
Unification of an empirical and a physically-based approach to crystallization monitoring

A population balance model (PBM) and an empirical method using a mass-count plot (MC plot) were developed for batch paracetamol crystallization by previous researchers. The PBM can describe the crystallization process provided that appropriate nucleation and growth kinetics are available; use of the MC plot facilitates feedback control of the crystal mass and total chord counts in the system. In this research, these two approaches have been combined to improve the control process. The correlation between the total chord count, as determined by focused-beam reflectance measurements (FBRM), and moments of the population density (from PBM) was investigated. The best correlation was obtained between the zeroth moment of the PBM and the square-weighted total chord count.