cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Optical, Magnetic and Thermal Properties of (NH4)2Mn [B2P3O11(OH)2]Cl.

(NH4)2MnII [B2P3O11(OH)2]Cl is prepared by the reaction of MnCl2, (NH4)2HPO4, H3BO3, and H3PO4 under hydrothermal conditions (autoclave, 180 °C, 8 d).
Association between peak inspiratory flow rate and hand grip muscle strength in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Rationale Ineffective peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) generation in patients using inhalers results in insufficient drug delivery to the lungs and poor clinical outcomes. Low inspiratory muscle strength is associated with suboptimal PIFR. Objective To examine in a prospective study the relationship between PIFR and skeletal muscle strength using hand grip strength (HGS) as a surrogate. Methods Adult patients admitted with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were enrolled. PIFR was measured within 48 hours before discharge. PIFR below 60L/min was considered suboptimal. HGS was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Any readmissions and emergency department visit data were collected. The associations between PIFR, HGS, 30 and 90-day COPD and all-cause readmissions were examined, without and with adjustment for age, race and gender. Results Of the 75 enrolled patients, 56% had suboptimal PIFR; they were older (63.9±9.7 vs. 58.2±7.7 years) and had significantly lower HGS (24.2±11.1 vs. 30.9±10.9 Kg) compared to those with optimal PIFR. There were no significant differences between the two PIFR groups by gender, race, history of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension or functional scores. Each kilogram increase in HGS was associated with 0.50 (95%CI 0.18–0.89, p = 0.003) L/min increase in PIFR. We did not observe an association between PIFR and 30 or 90-day readmission rates. Conclusion We found a significant association between HGS and PIFR in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Whether interventions aimed at increasing skeletal muscle strength also result in improvement in PIFR remains unclear and need further study.
Toxicities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Itis-Ending Adverse Reactions and More

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer worldwide. Not long ago, before the introduction of ICIs, many cancers incurred a grave prognosis on patients due to the lack of effective therapies. For instance, patients with malignant melanoma survive longer and experience a better quality of life than ever before due to agents such as nivolumab and ipilimumab. Nevertheless, toxicities associated with the use of ICIs have been increasingly recognized in clinical trials as well as oncology practice. The widespread usage of ICIs and the expected addition of newer ICIs to the arsenal of medications to fight cancer raise awareness of the potential toxicities of these medications. Once these toxicities develop, immunosuppression with or without withholding immunotherapy is the standard of care. Because the long-term adverse effects of these toxicities and the impact of stopping therapy on survival are not well characterized, a joint decision by both the oncologist and the patient should be carried out if stopping therapy is being considered. Nevertheless, long-term data is necessary to guide such decisions. In this article, we will discuss common ICI's immune-related adverse events with a simplified approach to recognizing and managing these events.
Rising Incidence of Non-Accidental Trauma in Infants: A Call to Revisit Prevention Strategies

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury is a major sequelae of non-accidental trauma (NAT) that disproportionately affects children under five and can have lasting complications. Considering the potentially devastating effects for patients and families, many hospitals are creating parent education programs to help prevent child abuse. These projects strive to inform parents of the dangers of shaking their baby while providing coping mechanisms for the stress of an infant crying. One such program is The Shaken Baby Project, initiated in 1998 by Mark Dias, now expanded as the Safe Babies program. The program has been implemented in all hospitals in our region that provide …
Does education really not matter for health

Abstract In a recent paper, Albarran et al. (2020) use a well-known quasi-randomization strategy to study the impact of education on health outcomes. Concretely, they use the fact that changes in compulsory education laws––usually extending the age of release from the school system––result in exogenous differences in educational attainment between people who may only be separated by a few months of age. They deploy an Instrumental Variable (IV) strategy to compare the outcomes of people forced to stay longer in school to those of individuals who were allowed to drop out earlier. Their empirical strategy does not find a statistically significant effect of education on health outcomes. The paper is timely, well written, and well executed, and deserves careful attention. However, we hope readers consider four caveats––some already raised by the authors––before concluding from the results that education does not matter for health. To help readers interpret this solid research piece, we call attention to: 1) previous research on the links between education and health; 2) the selection of countries in the paper in the presence of heterogenous treatment effects; 3) biases generated by misclassification and measurement errors; and 4) the interpretation of local average treatment effects (LATE) arising from the policy interventions used as instrumental variables.
The Future is Unwritten: Listening to the Rhythms of COVID-19

This article asks us to listen critically to the rhythms of our time. COVID-19 has altered the pace and tempo of contemporary life; however, rhythm asks that we engage our moment in ways that accou...
Being Misunderstood as a Person: The Role of Identity, Reappraisal, and Perspective-Taking

Being misunderstood as a person occurs when an interaction partner communicates in a way that reveals a different view of one’s identity than that held by the individual. Results of a study (n = 28...
Snakes of the World : A Supplement

Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species, published in 2014, was the first catalogue of its kind and covered all living and fossil snakes described between 1758 and 2012. This new volume will be a supplement to this important herpetological reference and will include new published data on snakes named and recognized since 2012. Key Features Supplements and updates Wallach et al. – Snakes of the World – the only work to cover all living snakes in the world. Includes updates for fossil snakes named since the publication of Wallach et al. Summarizes the systematic snake literature published since the appearance of Wallach et al. Genera and species are listed alphabetically for ease of reference. Related Titles Wallach, V., K. L. Williams, and J. Boundy. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species (ISBN 978-1-138-03400-6) Aldridge, R. D. and D. M. Sever, eds. Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Snakes (ISBN 978-1-57808-701-3) Caldwell, M. W. The Origin of Snakes: Morphology and the Fossil Record (ISBN 978-1-4822-5134-0)
Performance comparison of dual-ended readout depth-encoding PET detectors based on BGO and LYSO crystals.

The performance of dual-ended readout depth-encoding PET detectors based on bismuth germanate (BGO) coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) arrays was measured for the first time and compared to lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) based detectors using the same readout. The BGO and LYSO crystal arrays all had a crystal pitch of 2.2 mm and were coupled to 8 × 8 SiPM arrays with a matching pitch of 2.2 mm, using a one-to-one coupling configuration. Three types of crystals with Toray reflector were used: polished LYSO, polished BGO, and unpolished BGO, and for two different crystal thicknesses of 20 mm and 30 mm. All the crystal elements in the BGO arrays were clearly resolved in the flood histogram. Better flood histograms were obtained using the LYSO arrays for a selected crystal thickness, and better flood histograms were obtained using the 20 mm thick crystal arrays for a selected crystal type. The average crystal level energy resolution and timing resolution for 20 mm polished LYSO, polished BGO and unpolished BGO crystals at their optimal SiPM bias voltage were 18.6 ± 1.3 % and 1.19 ± 0.20 ns, 17.8 ± 0.8 % and 4.43 ± 0.47 ns, and 18.0 ± 1.0 % and 4.68 ± 1.0 ns, respectively. Depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution of the 20 mm polished LYSO array was 2.31 ± 0.17 mm and for the 20 mm unpolished BGO array was 3.53 ± 0.25 mm. However, polished BGO arrays with Toray reflector did not provide DOI information. Our key conclusion is that dual-ended readout depth-encoding 20 mm thick unpolished BGO detectors are good candidates for low-activity PET systems with small field-of-view and low timing performance requirements, such as preclinical or compact organ-dedicated PET systems, with the advantage over LYSO of having no background radiation and significantly lower cost.
A Small-Gain Theorem for Monotone Systems with Multi-Valued Input-State Characteristics

We provide a new global small-gain theorem for feedback interconnections of monotone input-output systems with multi-valued input-state characteristics. This extends a recent small-gain theorem of Angeli and Sontag for monotone systems with singleton-valued characteristics. We prove our theorem using Thieme's convergence theory for asymptotically autonomous systems. An illustrative example is also provided.
Structure-property relationships of cis-resveratrol cyanate ester blends

Abstract cis-ResCy is a relatively low melting cyanate ester monomer ( 73% in air (600 °C). However, the monomer still presents processing challenges because it is a solid at room temperature and readily recrystallizes upon cooling below the melting point. In this study, cis-ResCy was blended with commercial cyanate ester resins (Primaset LeCy, PT15, and PT30) at loadings between 0 and 80% (by mass) to improve the processability of cis-ResCy and evaluate the structure-property relationships of the blends and corresponding networks. Blends with LeCy were low melting solids, while the PT15 and PT30 blends remained liquid after mixing. The cure chemistry of the blends was evaluated and the thermomechanical properties, thermal stability, moisture uptake, and hot/wet properties of the corresponding networks were studied. In general, the char yields of the blended networks increased with higher cis-ResCy loading. This result was most pronounced for the LeCy networks, which yielded much higher char yields (>70% in air) at ≥ 40% cis-ResCy loading compared to pure LeCy (
Effect of Titanium Disulfide Cathode Additive in the Performance of Li-S Batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted considerable attention as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage system owing to the high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g-1), low cost, natural abundance and environmentally benign nature of sulfur. However, the poor electrical conductivity of elemental S results in low utilization of S specific capacity, and hence, insufficient specific energy of Li-S batteries. Development of Li-S batteries is hindered by sluggish kinetics resulting from the intrinsic poor conductivity of sulfur and capacity degradation due to solubility of polysulfides intermediate. One strategy to overcome with these issues is to use of titanium disulfide (TiS2) as an additive to sulfur electrodes as it is a good electrical conductor and electrochemically active and also has the ability to adsorb polysulfide. Herein, we investigated TiS2 as additive with sulfur using hierarchical architectures of carbon as effective hosts for S/TiS2. By a facile one-step melting diffusion method, we synthesized S/TiS2@carbon nanofibers (CNFs) composites in which TiS2 was uniformly distributed over the S-CNFs. The hierarchical S/TiS2@CNFs (TiS2, 20 wt%) electrodes shows good initial discharge capacity of 1085 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C rate with high mass loading of material (~6-6.5 mg/cm2 of composite) and ~99% initial coulombic efficiency. The composite electrode shows stable cycling performance for more than 100 charge-discharge cycles with specific capacity of ~750 mAh g-1 at a rate of C/3 and coulombic efficiency over 99%. Thus, in the presence of TiS2 additive, long cycle life and improved sulfur utilization of Li-S cells under high current rate (C/3) are demonstrated with high sulfur mass-loading.
When Moral Transgressions are Publically Exposed: Cognitive and Behavioral Consequences of Public Condemnation at the Workplace

This research compares how humiliation-inducing versus shame-inducing public condemnation of moral transgressions affects employees’ behavior in the workplace. It is the first study to explore the cognitive mechanisms linking different types of public condemnation to subsequent behavior. Humiliating transgressors through severe and intentional public reprimand, rather than shaming them through mild and unintentional public reprimand increases the likelihood they will minimize the severity of their misbehavior and decreases the likelihood that they will take personal responsibility for their actions. These cognitive responses, in turn, are associated with increases in deviance and withdrawal and decreases in repair behaviors. These findings are important because they highlight the fine line between humiliation-inducing and shame-inducing public reprimands and the divergent consequences of these reprimands on subsequent behavior. Increasing the severity of the reprimand and making its publicity intentional rather than unintentional seems to be crossing a dangerous threshold that increases counterproductive work behavior.
Equity is more important for the social cost of methane than climate uncertainty

The social cost of methane (SC-CH4) measures the economic loss of welfare caused by emitting one tonne of methane into the atmosphere. This valuation may in turn be used in cost–benefit analyses or to inform climate policies1–3. However, current SC-CH4 estimates have not included key scientific findings and observational constraints. Here we estimate the SC-CH4 by incorporating the recent upward revision of 25 per cent to calculations of the radiative forcing of methane4, combined with calibrated reduced-form global climate models and an ensemble of integrated assessment models (IAMs). Our multi-model mean estimate for the SC-CH4 is US$933 per tonne of CH4 (5–95 per cent range, US$471–1,570 per tonne of CH4) under a high-emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5), a 22 per cent decrease compared to estimates based on the climate uncertainty framework used by the US federal government5. Our ninety-fifth percentile estimate is 51 per cent lower than the corresponding figure from the US framework. Under a low-emissions scenario (RCP 2.6), our multi-model mean decreases to US$710 per tonne of CH4. Tightened equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates paired with the effect of previously neglected relationships between uncertain parameters of the climate model lower these estimates. We also show that our SC-CH4 estimates are sensitive to model combinations; for example, within one IAM, different methane cycle sub-models can induce variations of approximately 20 per cent in the estimated SC-CH4. But switching IAMs can more than double the estimated SC-CH4. Extending our results to account for societal concerns about equity produces SC-CH4 estimates that differ by more than an order of magnitude between low- and high-income regions. Our central equity-weighted estimate for the USA increases to US$8,290 per tonne of CH4 whereas our estimate for sub-Saharan Africa decreases to US$134 per tonne of CH4. Accounting for equity influences the social cost of methane more than climate model uncertainty does and produces results that differ by over an order of magnitude between low- and high-income regions.
Surgeon Strategies to Patient-Centered Decision-making in Cancer Care: Validation and Applications of a Conceptual Model

We sought to construct and validate a model of cancer surgeon approaches to patient-centered decision-making (PCDM) and compare applications of that model relative to surgical specialties. Ten PCDM strategies were assessed using a cross-sectional survey administered online to 295 board-certified cancer surgeons. Structural equation modeling was used to empirically validate and compare approaches to PCDM. Within the full sample, 7 strategies comprised a latent construct labeled, “physical & emotional accessibility,” associated with surgeon approaches to PCDM (β = 0.37, p < .05). Three individual strategies were included: “expectations (Q4)” (β = 0.52, p < .05), “decision preferences (Q5) (β = 0.47, p < .05), and “access medical information (Q3)” (β = 0.75). Surgical specialties for subgroup analysis were classified as general/other (67.6%) or hepato-pancreato-biliary and upper gastrointestinal (HPB/UGI) (34.2%). For general/other surgeons, 7 individual strategies composed the model of surgeon approaches to PCDM, with “time (Q6) (β = 0.70, p < .001) and “therapeutic relationship building (Q9)” (β = 0.69, p < .001) being the strongest predictors. The HPB/UGI model included 2 latent constructs labeled “physical accessibility” (β = 0.72, p < .05) and “creating a decision-making dialogue” (β = 0.62) as well as the individual strategy, “effective communication (Q8)” (β = 0.51, p < .05). Although models of surgeon PCDM varied, there were 4 overlapping strategies, including effective communication. Tailoring models of PCDM may improve surgeon uptake and thus, overall patient satisfaction with their cancer care.
Understanding Nursing Student Choice in Completion of Presimulation Activities

Abstract Background Research has provided evidence that students often choose not to complete ungraded or extra credit elective activities. While other fields have attempted to understand and address this issue, there is a dearth of knowledge on nursing students’ choices for completion of elective activities. Method A survey was completed by 133 nursing students following their congestive heart failure simulation to determine their completion or non-completion of the presimulation activities and their reasons behind this choice. Results This study found that student demographics were not predictors of student choice for engaging in elective assignments. Results also showed that preparedness, authority, apathy, and time were important reasons behind the completion or non-completion of additional learning opportunities. Conclusion This study provides evidence that nursing educators should use caution when interpreting the relationship between demographics and student choice. Educators should also be willing to explain the value of elective activities to nursing outcomes.
Correlates of post-traumatic stress among victimized women on probation and parole:

The current study aimed to identify the correlates of post-traumatic stress among a sample of women on probation and parole with a history of victimization. Community-based sampling was used to rec...
Towards Blockchain-Based Secure Data Management for Remote Patient Monitoring

Traditional data collection, storage and processing of Electronic Health Records (EHR) utilize centralized techniques that pose several risks of single point of failure and lean the systems to a number of internal and external data breaches that compromise their reliability and availability. Blockchain is an emerging distributed technology that can solve these issues due to its immutability and architectural nature that prevent records manipulation or alterations. In this paper, we discuss the progress and opportunities of remote patient monitoring using futuristic blockchain technologies and its two primary frameworks: Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric. We also discuss the possible blockchain use cases in software engineering for systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable application development. The study extends by introducing a system architecture for EHR data management using Ethereum as a model. We discuss the challenges and limitations along with the initial evaluation results of the proposed system and draw future research directions in this promising area.
Legal Aspects of Autopsy Practice

This chapter focuses on general legal principles pertaining to autopsies in the United States.
When the Rules Are Gray

One hot California afternoon, a department manager phoned and asked me to come to his office. This manager, with whom I jogged occasionally and whose work I respected, closed the phone call in an unusual way, “Don’t speak to anyone. Just come directly here.” As soon as I entered his office, I knew that something was wrong. Across the room from the department manager was my supervisor. She stood in one corner, her lips drawn, her cheeks tense, her eyes wide and fierce.
SU‐E‐T‐434: Fixed Margin Or Online Adaptation for Intermediate‐Risk Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy? A Dosimetric Study

Purpose: To investigate the choice of fixed margin or online adaptation when treating intermediate-risk prostate cancer including seminal vesicles (SV) using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods: 9 prostate SBRT patients were retrospectively studied. All patients were implanted with fiducial markers in the prostate for daily localization and verification. Each patient had 5 pairs of pre-treatment and post-treatment cone-beam CT (CBCT) per protocol. SVs were contoured on planning CT and all CBCTs by one attending physician. Simultaneous integral boost (SIB) IMRT plans were developed to deliver 25Gy/5fx to the SV while delivering 37Gy/5fx to the prostate. A 3mm isotropic margin was added to the prostate while a 5 mm isotropic margin was used for the SV. The planning CT was registered to daily pre-treatment and post-treatment CBCT based on fiducial markers in the prostate to mimic online prostate localization; and the SV on daily CBCT was transferred to the CT structure set after the prostates were aligned. Daily pre-treatment and post-treatment SV dose coverage and the organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing were evaluated for the SIB regimen. At least 95% of the SV need to receive the prescription dose (5Gy per fraction). Results: For the total of 90 daily SVs analyzed (ten CBCTs for each of nine patients), only 45 daily SVs (50%) were able to meet the coverage that 95% of the SV received 25Gy. The OAR sparing performance was acceptable for most of the dosimetric constraints in low-risk prostate SBRT protocol with only two exceptions in bladder V100 (cc). Conclusion: A fixed 5mm margin for SV is not sufficient to provide consistent daily dose coverage due to SV’s substantial inter- and intra-fractional motion relative to the prostate. This finding calls for innovative strategies in margin design as well as online treatment adaptation. This work is partially supported a master research grant from Varian Medical Systems.
Two cortical visual systems in Old World and New World primates.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on two cortical visual systems in Old World and New World primates. Visual cortex is divided into multiple subdivisions, or areas, in the brains of advanced mammals such as primates. Each visual area has a distinctive and complex pattern of cortical connections. A valuable insight was made by Ungerleider and Mishkin that connection between areas of visual cortex in macaque monkeys form two major diverging pathways. Both pathways originate at the level of cortex from striate cortex. One pathway relays through a number of areas rostra1 to striate cortex and terminates in cortex of the posterior parietal lobe. The other pathway relays through a number of different areas and terminates in inferior temporal cortex. The results of more recent studies of cortical connections in macaque monkeys, when compared with those from three different species of New World monkeys and one Old World prosimian primate, suggest the hypothesis that processing streams directed toward posterior parietal and inferior temporal cortex exist in all primates.
In search of a visual rhetoric for instructional television

The recurring finding of no significant difference when television has been compared to conventional instruction has been disappointing to those advocates of instructional television (ITV) who are convinced of the potential impact of this medium on the learning process. This disappointing research finding has not, however, prevented a rather large investment in the medium in many school systems and states. Administrative decisions on the use of television seem to have assigned a positive evaluation to the same no significant differences, deducing that, if television can perform as well as conventional instruction, it holds great potential for solving some of the logistical and personnel problems in education. A course in a foreign language can be offered in school systems which do not have qualified foreign language teachers; excellent teachers can enter the classroom via television where equally qualified teachers are not available. Instructional television is being used in many cases, it seems, for its multiplicative and logistical advantages, rather than for those learning advantages television production
NONLINEAR CARLEMAN OPERATORS ON BANACH LATTICES

ABSTrRACT. An operator, not necessarily linear, will be called a Carleman operator if the image of the positive elements in the unit ball are bounded in the universal completion of the range space. For certain Banach lattices, a class of (not necessarily linear) Carleman operators is characterized in terms of an integral representation and in a more general setting as operators satisfying a pointwise finiteness condition. These operators though not linear are orthogonally additive and monotone.
Large Extra Dimensions and Hot Dark Matter

A neutrino mass-mixing scheme which explains qualitatively all present evidence for neutrino mass (the solar and atmospheric neutrino deficits, LSND, and significant hot dark matter) also successfully avoids the “alpha effect”, allowing r-process nucleosynthesis in the neutrino-heated ejecta of supernovae. The properties of neutrinos required to ensure production of heavy nuclei provides independent evidence for (1) at least one light sterile neutrino, V s ; (2) a near maximally-mixed Vμ-Vτ doublet (which also explains the atmospheric anomaly and provides hot dark matter) split from a lower mass V e -V s doublet (needed also for the solar V e deficit); (3) V s -V e mixing≳ 10−4; and (4) a splitting between the doublets (measured by the Vμ-V e mass difference) ≳ 1 eV2, favoring the upper part of the LSND range. There is a quantitative problem with the solar observations, which do not in detail fit this or any other model. If, however, the V s is a bulk neutrino in extra dimensions the nearness in mass of the zero mode to the V e provides vacuum oscillations, while the Kaluza-Klein states give MSW oscillations, and all the solar data can be fit.
In‐Center Thrombolysis for Clotted AV Access: A Cohort Review

Thrombosis is the leading cause of arteriovenous (AV) access failure for hemodialysis patients requiring frequent interventions. We describe a novel approach to the lyse-and-wait technique in thrombosed AV access using nurse-administered thrombolytics in a hospital-based hemodialysis unit. All patients at a single-center, large, urban, tertiary care hospital, who underwent in-center thrombolysis via alteplase instilled directly into a thrombosed AV access by inpatient hemodialysis unit staff between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2007, were eligible. Included subjects were at least 18 years old and did not have known or suspected infection or trauma to the AV access site. Primary outcome measure was successful thrombolysis defined as hemodialysis performed immediately or after the interventional radiology (IR) procedure. Adverse events related to the procedure were collected. A total of 321 procedures, performed on 145 subjects (77 (53%) male, 68 (47%) female) remained for analysis. Successful instillation occurred in 317 of 321 procedures (98.8%). Successful thrombolysis occurred in 237 of 321 procedures (73.8%). Adverse events (8 major and 10 minor) occurred in 18 procedures, yielding a complication rate of 5.6%. In-center thrombolysis with alteplase administration by hemodialysis unit nursing staff under physician supervision is safe and effective with an adverse outcome rate similar to the literature. Thus, this modified lyse-and-wait protocol can be adopted with appropriate IR and surgical backup in place.
Indirect model reference distributed adaptive control of flexible structures

In this paper a new method of distributed parameter adaptive control of vibration in flexible structures is considered. It is based on finite element approximation, from which the auto-regressive (AR) model representation of the distributed parameter system is derived. A recursive least squares (RLS) estimation algorithm to estimate mass, stiffness and damping coefficient of the structure based on this AR model, is presented. It is then combined with the model reference control (MRC) algorithm to form a distributed adaptive control system for vibration suppression in flexible structures. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the parameter estimation and the adaptive control algorithms. >
Capturing a More Complete View of Employees’ Lives Outside of Work: The Introduction and Development of New Interrole Conflict Constructs

This research introduces 4 new constructs that reflect interrole conflict (i.e., work-to-personal, personal-to-work, family-to-personal, and personal-to-family conflict) and provide a more complete view of the roles and responsibilities employees experience outside of work. An integration of interrole conflict literature and research on work and nonwork roles or domains highlights the importance of considering an individual's personal domain, which includes activities one pursues because of his or her own interests (e.g., friends, hobbies, community). Unfortunately, without conflict measures pertaining to this new role, researchers cannot clearly understand how roles other than family interfere with individuals’ work role including how interrole conflict impacts employees who do not have significant responsibilities in the family domain. Five phases of research across 4 separate samples were conducted in order to develop measures for the 4 new conflict constructs and to examine relationships with important work, family, life, and health outcomes. Findings from multisource data, including self-rated, coworker-rated, as well as single and nonsingle participants, show that the 4 new forms of interrole conflict have significant implications for employees and organizations.
The role of intestinal epithelial barrier function in the development of NEC

The intestinal epithelial barrier plays an important role in maintaining host health. Breakdown of intestinal barrier function is known to play a role in many diseases such as infectious enteritis, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and neonatal inflammatory bowel diseases. Recently, increasing research has demonstrated the importance of understanding how intestinal epithelial barrier function develops in the premature neonate in order to develop strategies to promote its maturation. Optimizing intestinal barrier function is thought to be key to preventing neonatal inflammatory bowel diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. In this review, we will first summarize the key components of the intestinal epithelial barrier, what is known about its development, and how this may explain NEC pathogenesis. Finally, we will review what therapeutic strategies may be used to promote optimal development of neonatal intestinal barrier function in order to reduce the incidence and severity of NEC.
Physical distance and interpersonal characteristics in college students’romantic relationships

This study compared college students’long-distance romantic relationships (N= 80) with those that were not long-distance (N= 82) on nine variables that have been suggested as fundamentally important in intimate relationships. Members of long-distance relationships (LDKs) reported less descriptive self-disclosure and companionship with their partners, and they were less certain their relationships would endure. The two types of relationships did not differ on the remaining six intimacy processes: intimate self-disclosure, affection, enhancement of worth, instrumental help, nurturance, and partner's perspective-taking. LDRs did not differ from nonLDRs on ratings of closeness, but were rated as less satisfactory. LDRs were no more likely to terminate within a 3-month period than were nonLDKs. In the entire sample, relationship satisfaction was found to be the best predictor of stability.
Abstract CN12-05: Molecular aspects of melanoma

The complex epidemiology of melanoma, variety of histologic subtypes, and presence of different genetic alterations has indicated for some time that melanoma is a heterogeneous disease. Subgroups of melanomas may develop along specific pathways resulting in complex risk factors, prognostic heterogeneity, and differing responses to treatments. Understanding and developing biomarkers for these pathways will be crucial for implementing appropriate interventions. Somatic alterations that are associated with these specific pathways include BRAF and NRAS mutations, which are mutually exclusive of each other, defining three melanoma subgroups (BRAF+/NRAS−, BRAF−NRAS+, and BRAF−/NRAS‐). Number of nevi and ability to tan are associated with BRAF+ melanomas, while NRAS+ melanomas are also associated with number of nevi. BRAF−/NRAS− melanomas are associated with markers of chronic sun exposure, and exploration is under way to determine if BRAF+ and NRAS+ melanomas are associated with intermittent sun exposure and/or exposure at different ages. Melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms have been associated with BRAF‐mutant melanoma in two Italian populations but not consistently in other populations. KIT mutations are also of interest and may define an additional pathway associated, in particular, with mucosal melanomas. These findings have strong implications for both targeted prevention and therapies, which could impact melanoma incidence and survival. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):CN12-05.
Mechanical Properties of Bone in Channel Catfish as Affected by Vitamin C and Toxaphene

Abstract Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus subjected to a diet deficient in vitamin C for 150 days showed a decrease in backbone collagen and hydroxyproline concentrations, whereas the mineral: Collagen ratio and bone density increased. These changes resulted in a 20% reduction in bone strength and a 46% increase in vertebral elasticity. The backbone of channel catfish exposed to the insecticide toxaphene for 90 days also had decreased collagen, but hydroxyproline concentration, mineral: Collagen ratio, and bone density all increased. These alterations in backbone composition resulted in a 34% increase in strength and a 39% decrease in vertebral elasticity. In both experiments, hydroxyproline concentrations in backbone collagen had the greatest influence on the structural properties of vertebrae, whereas collagen, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations did not. Mechanical properties seemed to be more sensitive indicators of vertebral structural integrity than did biochemical ones or bone density.
The Ebb and Flow of “The Ocean inside a Jug”: The Structure of Book One of Rūmī’s Mathnawī Reconsidered

Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī’s Mathnawī has long been considered to be a poem without an organizational plan as if produced extemporaneously, despite the fact that its approximately 26,000 verses are divided fairly evenly into six books that follow the same general format. Recent studies (Safavi and Weightman, 2009; Karamustafa, 2010; Williams, 2013) have re-examined the question of the structure of the poem. This article contributes to this discourse by focusing on Rūmī’s own comments about his idiosyncratically frequent departures from his narratives, as well as on a significant passage of the first book of the Mathnawī which both corresponds to Rūmī’s expressed intentions and raises questions about the theory of Safavi and Weightman. It is argued here that Rūmī deliberately prevented the reader from becoming distracted from his immediate message to them, whether through the anticipation of the endings of stories or through any attempt to situate verses within an overall plan. It is proposed that Rūmī would not have wished an organizational plan to be prominent, and this, rather than an esoteric explanation, can better explain the lack of any obvious plan for the poem.
The organization of visual object representations: a connectionist model of effects of lesions in perirhinal cortex.

We have developed a simple connectionist model based on the idea that perirhinal cortex has properties similar to other regions in the ventral visual stream, or 'what' pathway. The model is based on the assumption that representations in the ventral visual stream are organized hierarchically, such that representations of simple features of objects are stored in caudal regions of the ventral visual stream, and representations of the conjunctions of these features are stored in more rostral regions. We propose that a function of these feature conjunction representations is to help to resolve 'feature ambiguity', a property of visual discrimination problems that can emerge when features of an object predict a given outcome (e.g. reward) when part of one object, but predict a different outcome when part of another object. Several recently reported effects of lesions of perirhinal cortex in monkeys have provided key insights into the functions of this region. In the present study these effects were simulated by comparing the performance of connectionist networks before and after removal of a layer of units corresponding to perirhinal cortex. The results of these simulations suggest that effects of lesions in perirhinal cortex on visual discrimination may be due not to the impairment of a specific type of learning or memory, such as declarative or procedural, but to compromising the representations of visual stimuli. Furthermore, we propose that attempting to classify perirhinal cortex function as either 'perceptual' or 'mnemonic' may be misguided, as it seems unlikely that these broad constructs will map neatly onto anatomically defined regions of the brain.
Iontophoresis-facilitated transdermal delivery of verapamil. I: In vitro evaluation and mechanistic studies

Abstract The feasibility of using iontophoresis to enhance the permeation rate of verapamil, in ionic form, was investigated in vitro using the skin of hairless mouse and hairless rat. A specially designed power source was used to deliver pulsed direct current. A number of physicochemical and electrochemical variables which might affect iontophoretic transport of the charged molecule were studied with an aim towards exploring the mechanisms involved. The permeation rate of verapamil ion (VH + ) was observed to increase with an increase in drug concentration, donor solution pH, as well as with current density. On the other hand, increasing the concentration of a competing ion, like Na + , in the donor was noted to first reduce the permeation rate of VH + and then cause some increase in drug flux. Using optimum iontophoresis conditions, the skin permeation rate of VH + can be enhanced substantially. This enhancement is due to both an increase in permeation rate and a decrease in lag time compared to passive diffusion.
PATTERNS OF GROWTH IN THE BRITISH LABOUR VOTE

THE BRITISH LABOUR PARTY is emphatically not a class party. It can be called primarily an industrial party but it is equally accurate to call it a national party in the sense that it has shown similar ups-and-downs of strength in all the economic areas of Britain. These are the salient conclusions of Mr. Newman's stud,y of the whole forty-five years of the British Labour Party. His conclusions are intended to be suggestive rather than definiLive. But there is ample hard fact in this article to chart, for the first time, a meaningful road map of Labour's route to dominance. William J. Newman is an instructor in history at Princeton University.
Cascade synthesis of benzofuran derivatives via laccase oxidation–Michael addition

The cascade synthesis of benzofuran derivatives was conducted from the reaction of catechols and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds via oxidation–Michael addition in the presence of laccase and Sc(OTf)3/SDS. This reaction was carried out under air at room temperature in aqueous medium, and provided benzofuran products in moderate to good yields. In addition, this reaction system showed recyclability.
Drainage and sclerosis of lymphatic malformations

Learning Objectives After reviewing this exhibit, the participant should know the indications for treatment of lymphatic malformations, the therapies offered by interventional radiology, their contraindications and the procedural steps for each approach. In addition, the participant should know the typical results of intervention, the possible complications and their management. Background Lymphatic malformations are rare benign masses consisting of disordered lymph-filled channels. These result from obstruction or other insult of the lymphatic system during development. Lymphatic malformations are usually congenital, appearing by 2 years of age. While they may occur anywhere in the body, they most frequently occur in the face or neck. Lymphatic malformations can grow quite large and cause disfigurement. They may also cause mass effect on neighboring structures like the trachea, for example, causing respiratory distress. A number of approaches can be taken in treating lymphatic malformations, including surgery. Interventional radiology is the favored approach to treatment as it offers the same benefits as open surgery with much less risk (1). Clinical Findings/Procedure Details Sclerosis: The major steps in using different agents such as povidone-iodine, absolute alcohol and fibrin glue will be reviewed, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Aspiration/Indwelling catheter: The major steps for these will be reviewed as well as their indications. Actual cases will be used to illustrate the initial presentation of lymphatic malformations, the interventional procedure itself as well as the long term results of interventional therapy. Conclusion and/or Teaching Points Interventional radiology offers a safe and effective alternative to surgical therapy for lymphatic malformations. The judicious use of these various techniques will allow us to obtain excellent results for our patients. Reference 1. Kandarpa, K. Machan, L. (2011) Handbook of interventional radiologic procedures. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Analysis of Ehrlichial p28 Gene Expression in a Murine Model of Persistent Infection

Historically, ehrlichioses were tick-borne diseases of veterinary medical importance and are now important emerging infectious diseases in humans. p28s are encoded by multigene families with ORFs tandemly arranged with intergenic spaces of variable lengths. We reported initial sequencing of the Ehrlichia muris p28 locus. A model of persistent infection was described and provided tools for study of persistent ehrlichial infection. We completed the sequence of the E. muris p28 locus and examined mRNA expression.
Homicide trends in eight U.S. cities: project overview and design

Sharp declines in homicides have been recorded in some major cities of the United States, including, for example, a 31% decline in New York City's homicide rate between 1990 and 1994. The downward trend is by no means universal. Indeed, between 1990 and 1994, the total number of homicides in the United States reflected little change (23,440 homicides recorded in 1990 and 23,310 in 1994) and greatly exceeded the most recent low of 18,980 recorded in 1985. Further, in 41 of 78 cities with populations greater than 200,000, the per capita homicide rate in 1994 exceeded the rate in 1985. The focus on national trends, and on trends in major cities such as New York, thus masks a more complex picture that has substantial variation. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) has initiated a series of research projects to identify and examine factors associated with violence—and changes in violence—in U.S. cities. In this article, we describe one of these projects, the “Homicide Trends in Eight U.S. Cities Project,” w...
Presence of peripheral-type benzodiazepine binding sites on human erythrocyte membranes

A nanomolar affinity peripheral-type benzodiazepine binding site is described in human erythrocyte membranes. [3H]PK 11195 is displaced from this binding site by unlabeled drugs with the rank order PK 11195 > Ro 5-4864 > flunitrazepam >> clonazepam. Neither GABA nor a non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP have an effect on binding parameters. These data provide evidence that a peripheral-type benzodiazepine binding site, pharmacologically similar to the intracelhilar binding site described in other tissues, is present in the plasma membrane of human erythrocytes. Benzodiazepines (peripheral); PK 11195; Erythrocytes; (Plasma membrane)
Description and application of instrumented staples for measuring in vivo bone strain

Abstract In vivo bone strain measurements using strain gages cemented to bony surfaces with cyanoacrylate polymers are limited in duration due to debonding of the gages from bone. As an alternative to the bone bonded strain gages, a technique was developed in which strain gages were first bonded to miniature staples and then the staples embedded into bone. The instrumented staples may be calibrated so that staple strain is directly proportional to bone strain. The method was first validated by comparing the staple output with cemented surface strain gages. Comparison of instrumented staples to cemented strain gages revealed only a 3% deviation from linearity during longitudinal bending; the staples were insensitive to transverse loading. The instrumented staples were then applied to the in vitro canine lumbar spine to determine L2–3 facet loads. Load testing, repeatibility of facet calibration, and validity testing of the in vitro instrumented staples were found to be comparable to that of the previous cemented strain gage techniques. In vivo facet joint application of the instrumented staples for periods of greater than 5 weeks gave load measurements comparable to our previous short-term in vivo studies obtained with cemented strain gages. The advantages of the instrumented staples are a more secure bonding to the bone, and less traumatic surgery for fixation.
LSH-Div: Species diversity estimation using locality sensitive hashing

Metagenome sequencing projects attempt to determine the collective DNA of organisms, co-existing as communities across different environments. Computational approaches analyze the large volumes of sequence data obtained from these ecological samples, to provide an understanding of the species diversity, content and abundance. In this work we present a scalable, species diversity estimation algorithm that achieves computational efficiency by use of a locality sensitive hashing algorithm (LSH). Using fixed-length, gapless subsequences, we improve the sensitivity of pairwise sequence comparisons. Using the LSH-based function, we first group similar sequences into bins commonly referred to as operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and then compute several species diversity/richness metrics. The performance of our algorithm is evaluated on synthetic data and eight targeted metagenome samples obtained from the seawater. We compare our results to three state-of-the-art diversity estimation algorithms. We demonstrate the strength of our approach in terms of computational runtime and effective OTU assignments. The source code for LSH-Div is available at the supplementary website under the GNU GPL license. Supplementary material is available at http://www.cs.gmu.edu/∼mlbio/LSH-DIV.