cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Law Concepts Within Mainstreamed Middle School Social Studies Settings

Reports of increased juvenile crime rates abound, and arrest rates among adolescents are also growing. Tragically, adolescents with learning disabilities account for a sizable portion of those disturbing statistics. Because many adolescents, including those with learning disabilities, do not anticipate future consequences of their misconduct, this descriptive study proactively sought to teach mainstreamed classrooms of sixth graders about Oregon law to counteract this lack of knowledge. Students' learning in the areas of criminal and civil law was the focus. Emphasis was on wanting to know more than just what laws and statutes students could memorize; rather, interest was on the students' ability to perform legal problem solving. The generalized research question was: Will the performance of general education, Title I, talented and gifted, and learning-disabled sixth grade students assessed by multiple choice tasks and by extended essay tasks differ on the concepts of law, juvenile law, civil law, and cri...
The differential effects of alpha2-adrenergic stimulation on the myocardium and coronary vessels in the isolated rat heart

The differential effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation on myocardial contractility and coronary circulation were examined in the isolated perfused rat heart. We studied 20 Sprague-Dawley rats of similar age (26-28 weeks) and body weight (500-550 gm). Myocardial contractility (LV +dp/dt and developed pressure, LVP) and coronary flow resistance (CFR) were tested in the isolated isovolumic hearts using Langendorff preparation at a constant perfusion rate (2.5 ml/min/100 g BW) of Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate solution. Group I (N-7) received B-HT 920 (specific alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, 0.6 to 58 micrograms/min), Group II (N-7) received B-HT 920+Yohimbine (300 nM in the perfusate). Group III (N-6) received vehicle only. Baseline LVP, LV +dP/dt and CFR were not significantly different among the 3 groups. During drug or vehicle administration, LVP and LV +dP/dt remained unchanged in all the groups. Coronary flow resistance increased in a dose-response fashion with a maximum increase of 22.7 +/- 3.6 (SE) mmHg/ml/min/g LV in Group I, and 10.5 +/- 2.0 mmHg/ml/min/g LV in Group II (p less than 0.02). We conclude that in the Sprague-Dawley rat heart, the physiologic effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptors are predominant in the coronary circulation but not in the myocardium itself possibly because of absence of post-synaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the rat myocardium.
The Marketing Curriculum: A Decade of Change

The results are presented of a study involving the analysis of 75 undergraduate catalogs of colleges and universities offering a major or concentration in marketing. The various marketing courses r...
Embryonic expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and VIP receptor genes

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) exhibits pronounced effects on the growth rate of cultured mouse embryonic day (E) 9.5 embryos and acts in tissue culture as a potent glial mitogen and neuron survival factor. However, previous studies using immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization in the rat have not revealed the presence and location of VIP or VIP mRNA in the early developing embryo CNS. Using a sensitive in situ hybridization assay with a 33P-labeled riboprobe, we show here that the VIP gene is expressed at least as early as E11 in the mouse hindbrain. Northern blot analysis on RNA from brain dissected from mouse embryos beginning at E14 confirmed that a correct-size mRNA for VIP was present by E14 and at later time points. Expression of the VIP2 receptor gene was also detected by northern analysis in E14 mouse brains. These studies support the hypothesis that VIP produced by the embryo exerts important effects on embryonic nervous system development.
Public Opinion in the EU on Immigration from Outside the Community

This article explores the impact of symbolic and instrumental variables on European Union opinion on immigration and asylum. Using Eurobarometer surveys from 1988 to 2000, descriptive and multivariate statistics are employed to measure the impact of prejudice, ideology, attitudes towards the EU, unemployment, economic conditions, migration flows, and individual-level demographic characteristics on measures of attitudes towards immigration policy and foreigners. Although standard demographic factors are associated with the dependent variables in the manner expected, there are less compelling or inconsistent effects of individual or macro-level economic variables. The best predictors of immigration positions are attitudinal variables including political ideology, prejudice and evaluations of the EU.
Carbohydrate Composition of β-Core

Abstract β-Core is a major component of the hCG-related molecules found in pregnancy urine. We previously have purified the β-core molecule and have deduced portions of its carbohydrate structure based on lectin binding data. In the present study we used recently developed technology to determine the carbohydrate composition of β-core and hCGβ (CR119). For direct compositional analysis, parallel samples were hydrolyzed in trifluoroacetic acid and analyzed for sialic acid and neutral sugars without prior derivitization. Separation of the monosaccharides was achieved by HPLC on a Dionex CarboPac column eluted at high pH, and the resolved monosaccharides were quantified by pulsed amperometric detection. The amounts of sugar that were found relative to peptide indicated the presence of two N-linked oligosaccharides per molecule on both β-core and hCGβ. hCGβ contained additional sugars consistent with the presence of four O-linked oligosaccharides. Compared to hCGβ, β-core contained negligible sialic acid, gal...
On the construction of mixed orthogonal arrays of strength two

Abstract The generalized Kronecker sum was used by Wang and Wu (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 86 (1991) 450) and Dey and Midha (Statist. Probab. Lett. 28 (1996) 211; Proc. AP Akad. Sci. 5 (2001) 39) to construct mixed orthogonal arrays. We modify their methods to obtain several families of mixed orthogonal arrays. Some new arrays with run size less than 100 are found.
Opposed jet diffusion flames of nitrogen-diluted hydrogen vs air - Axial LDA and CARS surveys; fuel/air rates at extinction

An experimental study of H-air counterflow diffusion flames (CFDFs) is reported. Coaxial tubular opposed jet burners were used to form dish-shaped CFDFs centered by opposing laminar jets of H2/N2 and air in an argon bath at 1 atm. Jet velocities for extinction and flame restoration limits are shown versus input H2 concentration. LDA velocity data and CARS temperature and absolute N2, O2 density data give detailed flame structure on the air side of the stagnation point. The results show that air jet velocity is a more fundamental and appropriate measure of H2-air CFDF extinction than input H2 mass flux or fuel jet velocity. It is proposed that the observed constancy of air jet velocity for fuel mixtures containing 80 to 100 percent H2 measure a maximum, kinetically controlled rate at which the CFDF can consume oxygen in air. Fuel velocity mainly measures the input jet momentum required to center an H2/N2 versus air CFDF.
Determination of testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone in human plasma using bromine-82

Abstract A double isotope derivative method is described for the simultaneous determination of non-conjugated testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone in 5–10 ml of human plasma. Essentially the method consists of chromatographic separation of the three androgens, aromatization to estradiol with a microsomal fraction from human term placenta, and halogenation of estradiol with bromine-82 to form its 2,4-dibromo derivative. The latter is acetylated and rechromatographed for additional purification. C 14 -labelled androgens are used to correct for recoveries and Br 82 to obtain the mass. Recoveries for the three androgens have averaged 11 per cent. After subtracting the non-specific water blank (equivalent to 0.1 — 0.2 mμg estradiol) the mean plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and DHEA levels were 620, 98, and 621 mμg% for normal adult males, and 68, 150, and 650 mμg% for normal adult females, respectively. The average androgen levels (mμg%) in three adrenalectomized-ovariectomized female subjects were testosterone: 8.2, androstenedione: 21.1, and dehydroepiandrosterone: 13.6.
Table of percentage points of the behrens-fisher distribution

The Behrens-Fisher distribution arises when one seeks to make inferences about the means of two normal populations withoutassuming the variances are equal. This paper presents tables of percentage points of the Behrens-Fisher distribution for tests of significance.
In search of psychosis biomarkers in high-risk populations: is the mismatch negativity the one we've been waiting for?

w p r w t s c t s o r r c I n this issue of Biological Psychiatry, Atkinson et al. (1) describe alterations in early preattentive brain electrical activity in individuals meeting criteria for ultrahigh risk (UHR) for the developent of psychosis. Identifying biological markers in high-risk populaions is a critical step toward informing about the pathophysiology of he disorder, predicting onset of psychosis, and potentially devising arly interventions to change the course of the illness. The auditory ismatch negativity (MMN) described by Atkinson et al. is an elecrical brain response that is elicited by any discriminable change in he regularity of the acoustical auditory environment. It is hypothsized to represent the initial processing step in a biologically imortant series of cognitive and brain events involved in alerting and edirecting the organism’s attention toward novel, potentially sigificant, auditory stimuli in the environment. The MMN may be ollowed by a positive component, the P3a, which is associated with he involuntary switching of attention to salient information in the nvironment. Although MMN is generally considered automatic nd thereby independent of primary task, some have studies have emonstrated that the complexity of a primary task can modulate he amplitude of the MMN (2). Mechanistic accounts of MMN generation posit changes in plasicity in extrinsic and forward and backward connections and beween hierarchical cortical sources in superior temporal regions nd inferior frontal regions. Functional magnetic resonance imagng (fMRI) (e.g., [3]) and combined fMRI-electroencephalogram EEG) studies (e.g., [4]) have reported findings that are consistent ith the results of the source reconstruction studies. Some of the ombined fMRI-EEG studies suggest the existence of two subcomonents for MMN. An early component reported to peak in the time indow of 90 120 msec and that can be modeled with dipoles ocated bilaterally in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), and a later omponent, peaking in the time window of 140 170 msec, that an be modeled with dipoles placed in the left and right inferior rontal gyrus (IFG). The sources in the temporal areas might be nvolved in processing changes of the sound’s physical properties, hereas the sources in the frontal areas might reflect reorientation f attention. Thus, the IFG is hypothesized to contribute to a topown process that modulates the deviance detection system in the TG. Shelley et al. (5) were the first to report that MMN elicited by a eviation in tone duration is substantially reduced in chronically ill, edicated schizophrenia patients. Since then, many studies have onfirmed that MMN responses elicited by a change in tone duraion as well as in tone frequency are often markedly reduced in hronic schizophrenia patients as compared with healthy control ubjects. Impaired MMN generation in schizophrenia patients is
Structures and properties of powders of Fe75Si15B10 produced by gas-water atomization

Abstract Partially amorphous powders of the alloy Fe 75 Si 15 B 10 were formed by gas-water atomization. Both an ultrasonic nozzle and an annular nozzle were used and the yields of various size fractions were compared. The crystallization characteristics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and compared with the crystallization characteristics of chill-cast ribbon and spark-eroded powder of the same composition. The magnetic properties were also compared. X-ray diffraction and magnetization at 4.2 K revealed that the gas-water-atomized particles were mostly amorphous in the size range less than 10 μm but were about 50% crystalline in the size range 20–30 μm. The crystals were α-Fe and Fe 3 Si. The atomized particles contained cellular crystals that nucleated and grew on solidification as well as crystals that nucleated and grew in the amorphous phase. It was concluded that the cooling rate for gas-water atomization is lower than that for the chill-cast ribbon (10 6 K s −1 ) which accounts for the presence of crystals in the atomized particles. The properties of the amorphous phase of the atomized particles are the same as for the ribbon but are different from the properties of the amorphous spark-eroded particles. The chemical short-range order of the amorphous phase of the atomized particles is like that of the ribbon but different from that of the more rapidly cooled spark-eroded particles.
ReactionPredictor: prediction of complex chemical reactions at the mechanistic level using machine learning.

Proposing reasonable mechanisms and predicting the course of chemical reactions is important to the practice of organic chemistry. Approaches to reaction prediction have historically used obfuscating representations and manually encoded patterns or rules. Here we present ReactionPredictor, a machine learning approach to reaction prediction that models elementary, mechanistic reactions as interactions between approximate molecular orbitals (MOs). A training data set of productive reactions known to occur at reasonable rates and yields and verified by inclusion in the literature or textbooks is derived from an existing rule-based system and expanded upon with manual curation from graduate level textbooks. Using this training data set of complex polar, hypervalent, radical, and pericyclic reactions, a two-stage machine learning prediction framework is trained and validated. In the first stage, filtering models trained at the level of individual MOs are used to reduce the space of possible reactions to consid...
Wikipedia Lover, Not a Hater: Harnessing Wikipedia to Increase the Discoverability of Library Resources

During the spring of 2010, the University of Houston Libraries Digital Services Department began an initiative to promote existing and upcoming collections in the University of Houston Digital Library and drive traffic to the online repository. Spurred by an OCLC report (De Rosa et al. 2005) that only two percent of college and university students began research by consulting library resources, University of Houston Digital Services staff sought to add content from the University of Houston Digital Library to Wikipedia in order to insert primary source digital materials into the research workflow of students and faculty. As a result, referrals from Wikipedia to the University of Houston Digital Library have increased significantly and the pilot project is now the basis for an ongoing University of Houston Digital Services program. The structure and direction of the pilot project were a collaborative effort between University of Houston Digital Services staff and a University of North Texas Library and Inf...
The role of surgery in postoperative nerve injuries following total hip replacement

Although postoperative nerve injury is infrequent in patients undergoing joint replacement, it is extremely distressing for the patient, surgeon, and anesthesiologist. The nature of nerve injury is often closely related to the type of surgery; this review details the potential surgical causes of nerve injuries following total hip arthroplasty. The current orthopedic literature (1943-2008) was reviewed to help anesthesiologists better understand the pathophysiology of surgery-related postoperative nerve injuries, including the relationship with hip joint anatomy and the surgical techniques.
Near normal levels of isoprenoid lipids in severe mevalonic aciduria.

Summary The levels of cholesterol and dolichyl phosphate in the liver of an abortus with severe mevalonic aciduria were found to be approximately 60% of the mean of 5 age matched controls, while the level of squalene was within the normal range. Thus, despite a level of mevalonate kinase reported to be less than 1% of normal (Hoffmann, H. et al. (1986) N. Engl. J. Med. 314 , 1610–1614), the liver was able to synthesize normal or near normal levels of isoprenoid lipids.
WikiLit: collecting the wiki and Wikipedia literature

This workshop has three key goals. First, we will examine existing and proposed systems for collecting and analyzing the research literature about wikis. Second, we will discuss the challenges in building such a system and will engage participants to design a sustainable collaborative system to achieve this goal. Finally, we will provide a forum to build upon ongoing wiki community discussions about problems and opportunities in finding and sharing the wiki research literature.
Right bundle branch block with periods of alternating left anterior and left posterior hemiblock. Clinical evidence of incomplete fascicular block.

The case presented had an electrocardiographic pattern of complete right bundle branch block with alternating periods of left anterior hemiblock and left posterior hemiblock. During one of the periods of alternating hemiblock, an His bundle electrogram was recorded and the His Purkinje (H-V interval) conduction time was within normal limits. In a second episode of alternating hemiblock, periods of Mobitz type II second-degree A-V block were noted. It is postulated that this case provides clinical evidence that incomplete block of a fascicle may occur in spite of an electrocardiographic pattern of complete fascicular block. It is thought that the periods of alternating hemiblock result from a changing relationship between conduction velocity and refractory pe riod.
Exploratory Study of Women's Reactions to Having a Cesarean Birth

: One hundred and five women who had cesarean sections were interviewed to assess their feelings about their births. Forty-one percent of the women were told they had to have a cesarean fewer than two hours before, and 35% were repeat cesareans. Statistical data are presented on women's reasons for feeling cesareans were harder, easier, or not different, including the finding that 30% felt relief at having a cesarean. Sources of stress and negative feelings after cesareans are discussed.
Time-dependent behavior of an incompressible elastic fluid. Some homogeneous deformation histories

The theory of the incompressible elastic fluid is designed to describe visco-elastic behavior under finite strain. In terms of this theory it is shown how to calculate the stress response to any strain history. The calculations are carried out and the results displayed for a number of homogeneous strain histories. A knowledge of the response to single step stress relaxation in a given geometry allows one to calculate easily the response to any other history in the same geometry. Furthermore from biaxial stress relaxation data one may calculate the time dependent stress response in any geometry in a manner which resembles the method for predicting the equilibrium response in an isotropic elastic material. An important class of histories comprises the motions following the rest history. To calculate the stress response for such a motion over a given time interval it suffices to have stress relaxation data over the same time interval. Stress response is also calculated for some uniaxial strain histories as well as steady simple shear.
Exploration of sensor comparability: a case study of composite MODIS Aqua and Terra data

Comparability across sensors is a common goal of remotely sensed data products; however, sensor calibration and atmospheric conditions often limit implementation. Recently, a slight degradation in the blue band sensor on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra satellite was reported (Wang et al. 2012), and it was suggested at the 2011 fall NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems/Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting Team meeting that users switch to using MODIS Aqua data until the corrected collection 6 Terra data are released. Following this recommendation, a switch from Terra to Aqua data inputs used in the Tsetse Ecological Distribution (TED) model was implemented; however, significant variability between model outputs for Kenya was found. This letter considers the possible sources of incongruity between the MODIS Aqua and Terra sensors that might result in the observed differences between model outputs, including sensor degradation, temporal overlap, daily acquisition and data quali...
A comparison of different heart rate deflection methods to predict the anaerobic threshold

Abstract There is perhaps no greater controversy in exercise physiology than the validity, or lack thereof, of the heart rate breakpoint theory in general, and the Conconi test in particular, in assessing the anaerobic threshold. Three heart rate breakpoint methods have been proposed as methods of detecting the anaerobic threshold have appeared in the literature: (1) a breakpoint in linearity of the heart rate–work rate relationship (heart rate breakpoint); (2) a log function curve of the heart rate–work rate relationship (log function); and (3) a combination of linear regression and logarithmic function of the heart rate–work rate relationship (log-linear). The main aim of this study was to assess the validity of these methods compared with that of gas analysis assessment of the anaerobic threshold. This was a descriptive study of 115 endurance athletes undergoing simultaneous gas analysis and heart rate determination during incremental exercise to exhaustion. The participants were 115 competitive cyclis...
The predictive utility of the Teller acuity cards for assessing visual outcome in children with preterm birth and associated perinatal risks

We assessed binocular grating visual acuity with the Teller acuity cards (TAC) in 3-36-month-olds at risk for visual disorders. After 3-8 years, each child was assessed with the TAC and with a battery of tests of spatial and non-spatial vision. The initial TAC score: (1) was uncorrelated with any of the later measures; (2) had low positive, but high negative predictive value for the later tests; (3) had low sensitivity, but high specificity for identifying children with and without visual disorders, respectively. We concluded that early TAC grating acuity predicts visual outcome, but perhaps only for children with initially normal grating acuity.
Implantable biosensors: Analysis of fluorescent light propagation through skin

Progress towards a painless and hygienic glucose monitoring procedure for diabetics continues as the growth of diabetes mellitus reaches epidemic proportions in the American population. Utilizing an implantable fluorescence based glucose assay, the minimally invasive approach presented here has previously shown promise towards this goal in terms of glucose specificity and quantification for in vitro environments. However, in realistic physiological circumstances the depth of the implant can vary and optical properties of skin can change due to normal physiological conditions. Additionally, naturally occurring auto-fluorescence can obscure the sensor signal. An important concern under these conditions is that variations of fluorescent intensity due to these or other causes might be mistaken for glucose concentration fluctuations. New data shows that fluorescence-based glucose assays can be probed and interpreted in terms of glucose concentrations through pig skin at depths of up to 700 mm when immobilized in a bio-compatible polymer. When a combination of two fluorophores are employed as demonstrated here, reasonable changes in skin thickness and the confounding effects of the variations inherent in skin can be overcome for this glucose sensing application.
How to handle voluntary hospitalization afterZinermon v. Burch

By requiring states to have fair procedures for assuring the competency of patients seeking voluntary hospitalization,zinermon v. Burch will produce, legal change that may make voluntary admission more difficult. This Article analyzesZinermon and recommends administrative changes that canincrease the therapeutic potential of voluntary hospitalization. Analyzing competency from a legal and therapeutic jurisprudence perspective, the Article argues thatcompetency to assent to hospitalization should be defined narrouwly and that the competency issue should be decided by informal administrative, methods rather than adversarial judicial proceedings. The Article also examines the recent American Psychiatric Association Task Force Report recommendations on how these issues should be dealt with.
Seven novel HLA-A alleles carry previously observed polymorphisms.

This paper describes seven novel HLA-A locus alleles which carry previously observed polymorphisms.
Two-way traffic on the road to plasma membrane repair

Ca(2+) influx through plasma membrane wounds triggers a rapid-repair response that is essential for cell survival. Earlier studies showed that repair requires the exocytosis of intracellular vesicles. Exocytosis was thought to promote resealing by 'patching' the plasma membrane lesion or by facilitating bilayer restoration through reduction in membrane tension. However, cells also rapidly repair lesions created by pore-forming proteins, a form of injury that cannot be resealed solely by exocytosis. Recent studies indicate that, in cells injured by pores or mechanical abrasions, exocytosis is followed by lesion removal through endocytosis. Describing the relationship between wound-induced exocytosis and endocytosis has implications for the understanding of muscular degenerative diseases that are associated with defects in plasma membrane repair.
ABSORPTION OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN BY ZIRCALOY-2.

Abstract The absorption of hydrogen by Zircaloy-2 and low-nickel Zircaloy-2 was investigated to compare the conditions for formation of localized massive hydride layers with the conditions for homogeneous absorption of hydrogen. The variables studied were temperature (300°–400°C), hydrogen pressure, Zircaloy surface condition, and texture. No instantaneous reaction of Zr and hydrogen to form hydride was observed. Hydride layers formed only when the Zircaloy surface had become saturated with hydrogen in solid solution. Layer formation was not specifically associated with any experimental condition. The absorption rate was very rapid and was sensitive to hydrogen pressure; layers formed in less than one minute at hydrogen pressures of 25 mm. The presence of an oxide film on the metal localized the absorption because hydrogen diffused through some areas of the film much faster than other areas. These results showed that small amounts of water in the UO2 of nuclear fuel elements can cause failures in Zircaloy cladding by the rapid and localized absorption of hydrogen from the inside of the fuel elements.
Generic system architecture for 4G mobile communications

In the European Union, the debate about 4G mobile has spawned the vision of a system that enables an "always best connected" (ABC) mode of communication for the citizen of the forthcoming information society. This now widely accepted vision sketches a heterogeneous communication landscape comprising different wireless access system in a complementary manner, where the user, supported by his/her personal intelligent agent(s), enjoys untethered connectivity and ubiquitous access to applications over the most efficient combination of wireless systems available. In the present paper, we identify the major developments in the fourth generation mobile communication market, present the technical aspects of the fourth generation network architecture and analyze the implications of the "ABC" vision upon it in terms of functional requirements and overall service provision capabilities. In closing, we introduce a generic 4G system model, elaborate on its major functional entities and finally, identify its key enabling technologies and solution sets.
Special Sciences, Conspiracy and the Better Best System Account of Lawhood

An important obstacle to lawhood in the special sciences is the worry that such laws would require metaphysically extravagant conspiracies among fundamental particles. How, short of conspiracy, is this possible? In this paper we’ll review a number of strategies that allow for the projectibility of special science generalizations without positing outlandish conspiracies: non-Humean pluralism, classical MRL theories of laws, and Albert and Loewer’s theory. After arguing that none of the above fully succeed, we consider the conspiracy problem through the lens of our preferred view of laws, an elaboration of the MRL view that we call the Better Best System (BBS) theory. BBS offers a picture on which, although all events supervene on a fundamental level, there is no one unique locus of projectibility; rather there are a large number of loci corresponding to the different areas (ecology, economics, solid-state chemistry, etc.) in which there are simple and strong generalizations to be made. While we expect that some amount of conspiracy-fear-inducing special science projectibility is inevitable given BBS, we’ll argue that this is unobjectionable. It follows from BBS that the laws of any particular special or fundamental science amount to a proper subset of the laws. From this vantage point, the existence of projectible special science generalizations not guaranteed by the fundamental laws is not an occasion for conspiracy fantasies, but a predictable fact of life in a complex world.
Propensity for Intimate Partner Abuse and Workplace Productivity Why Employers Should Care

It has been demonstrated that intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is costly to employers, but little is known about the economic consequences associated with employing perpetrators. This study investigated propensity for partner abuse as a predictor of missed work time and on-the-job decreases in productivity among a small sample of male employees at a state agency (N=61). Results suggest that greater propensity for abusiveness is positively associated with missing work and experiencing worse productivity on the job, controlling for level of education, income, marital status, age, and part-time versus full-time employment status. Additional research could clarify whether IPV perpetration is a predictor of decreased productivity among larger samples and a wider variety of workplace settings. Employers and IPV advocates should consider responding to potential IPV perpetrators through the workplace in addition to developing victim-oriented policies and prevention initiatives.
Molecular model of human beta-cell glucokinase built by analogy to the crystal structure of yeast hexokinase B.

Recent studies have shown that mutations in human β-cell glucokinase that impair the activity of this key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis can cause early-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The amino acid sequence of human glucokinase has 31% identity with yeast hexokinase, a related enzyme for which the crystal structure has been determined. This homology has allowed us to model the three-dimensional structure of human glucokinase by analogy to the crystal structure of yeast hexokinase B. This model of human glucokinase provides a basis for understanding the effects of mutations on its enzymatic activity. Residues in the active site and on the surface of the binding cleft for glucose are highly conserved in both enzymes. Regions far from the active site are predicted to differ in conformation, and 10 insertions or deletions that range in size from 1 to 7 residues are located on the protein surface between elements of secondary structure. The model structure suggests that human glucokinase binds glucose in a similar manner to yeast hexokinase. The glucose-binding site contains a conserved aspartic acid, two conserved glutamic acids, and two conserved asparagines that form hydrogen bond interactions with the hydroxyls of the glucose similar to those observed in other sugar-binding proteins. Mutation of residues in the predicted glucose-binding site has been found to greatly reduce enzymatic activity. This model will be useful for future structure/function studies of glucokinase.
Cell Interaction Molecules Utilized in Bone Marrow

Many aspects of blood cell formation can now be modeled in culture and rapid progress is being made in understanding how blood cell precursors interact with unique components of their environment. This brief review considers some cell interaction molecules that may be important for controlling the position of cells within, as well as their egress from, bone marrow.
The Management of Church Wealth in Michoacán, Mexico, 1810–1856: Economic Motivations and Political Implications

Nowhere, perhaps, is the often-remarked historiographical bias in favour of social/economic studies for the colonial period and political/ institutional studies for the national period more jarring than in treatments of the activities of the Mexican church before and after independence.1 The position of the church in the colonial economy has been the subject of several specialised works and is widely regarded in broader histories as most significant.2 But students of independent Mexico have usually focused on the church's role in the political arena, characterising the politics of the period from 1821 to 1856 as, in essence, a battle for supremacy betweenthe church and the state, or in a slightly different formulation, as a struggle between liberalism and conservatism.3
Rachael Miyung Joo, Transnational Sport: Gender, Media, and Global Korea

When South Korea won the 2012 London Olympics men’s football bronze medal by defeating Japan 2–0, attention quickly focused on what happened on the field shortly after the match. A fan handed a placard that read “Dokdo is our land” to Korean midfielder Park Jong-Woo, who took it without hesitation and was photographed running around the field with the sign held over his head, grinning ear to ear. Soon after, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) launched an investigation to discipline Park, whose actions, it deemed, had made a political statement—strictly forbidden by statutes of both the IOC and the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) —on a much-debated territory named Dokdo. Dokdo, or Takeshima as it is called in Japan, is an uninhabited island roughly equidistant from Korea and Japan and has been at the heart of much national and international debate and politics. While each country claims the land as its own, the issue remains unresolved. As for Park, he was conspicuously absent from the official medal ceremonies.
Relevance: A review of the literature and a framework for thinking on the notion in information science. Part II: nature and manifestations of relevance

Relevant: Having significant and demonstrable bearing on the matter at hand. A version of this article has been published in 2006 as a chapter in E.G. Abels & D.A. Nitecki (Eds.), Advances in Librarianship (Vol. 30, pp. 3–71). San Diego: Academic Press. (Saracevic, 2006). Relevance: The ability as of an information retrieval system to retrieve material that satisfies the needs of the user. —Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2005 Relevance is a, if not even the, key notion in information science in general and information retrieval in particular. This two-part critical review traces and synthesizes the scholarship on relevance over the past 30 years and provides an updated framework within which the still widely dissonant ideas and works about relevance might be interpreted and related. It is a continuation and update of a similar review that appeared in 1975 under the same title, considered here as being Part I. The present review is organized into two parts: Part II addresses the questions related to nature and manifestations of relevance, and Part III addresses questions related to relevance behavior and effects. In Part II, the nature of relevance is discussed in terms of meaning ascribed to relevance, theories used or proposed, and models that have been developed. The manifestations of relevance are classified as to several kinds of relevance that form an interdependent system of relevances. In Part III, relevance behavior and effects are synthesized using experimental and observational works that incorporate data. In both parts, each section concludes with a summary that in effect provides an interpretation and synthesis of contemporary thinking on the topic treated or suggests hypotheses for future research. Analyses of some of the major trends that shape relevance work are offered in conclusions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Don't Worry About the Election

In this election year, it is interesting to examine historical security market returns in terms of the political party of the President, the general monetary policy stance of the Federal Reserve, and political gridlock, when different political parties control Congress and the executive branch. It is an innovation to evaluate the three variables jointly. Such a combined analysis reveals that long-term security returns are strongly related to shifts in Fed monetary policy but generally invariant to changes in the political landscape. Investors should thus focus their attention on Fed actions rather than political outcomes.
Children's beliefs about punishment.

It has been asserted that family violence is linked to the physical punishment of children. To explore children's views on different types of punishment, brief vignettes depicting a child misbehaving were presented to 201 9-12-year-olds who were asked to provide a "parental" response. Although few recommended physical punishment, the findings suggest that for some children physical punishment and aggression are associated. Language: en
Static and dynamic gait parameters before and after multilevel soft tissue surgery in ambulating children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Recent studies have questioned the efficacy of releasing hip flexion contractures and the resulting ankle position after tendoachilles lengthening in ambulating children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Twenty-three ambulatory children with CP underwent 96 soft tissue-lengthening procedures without bony surgery. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and computerized gait data were reviewed. Results: Static contractures improved reliably, with improvements in all areas measured, including hip flexion contracture (14 degree improvement), hip abduction (19 degree improvement), popliteal angle (26 degree improvement), and ankle dorsiflexion (11 degree improvement). The changes in computerized gait data were less uniform. The knees showed significant benefits, as evidenced by improved maximal knee extension in stance phase (37.3 degree preop and 19.9 degree postop) and at initial contact (51.6 degree preop and 34.8 degree postop). At the hip, a statistically significant improvement was only seen in maximum hip extension in stance phase (minimum hip flexion), and the magnitude of this change was only 4.6 degree (15.3 to 10.7 degree). There were no significant changes at the pelvis. At the ankle, the tendency was toward calcaneal gait after Achilles tendon lengthening, with excessive dorsiflexion seen both in stance (17.3 degree) and at toe off ( � 6.9 degree). Temperospatial parameters showed improved stride length, but no significant changes in gait velocity or cadence. Discussion: The persistence of crouch postoperatively, though improved, likely limited the potential changes in hip kinematics. As this study excluded patients undergoing osseous surgery, it is possible that lever arm dysfunction may have contributed to the ongoing crouch. The results of this study suggest that static contractures and knee kinematics improve reliably after soft tissue surgery in children with CP, but that caution must be
Robust Model Reference Vibration Control of a Flexible Beam Using Piezoceramic Patches

This paper presents a novel approach to active vibration control of flexible beams using piezoceramic smart materials. This approach employs a robust model reference controller which has the ability to handle model uncertainties. Asymptotic stability of the closed loop system is guaranteed as proved by the Lyapunov's direct method. To demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, experiments, including varying the mass of the flexible beams, are conducted. Experiments show that the robust model reference control achieves rapid vibration suppression even in the presence of uncertain model parameters
Examining the accuracy and clinical usefulness of intraoperative frozen section analysis in the management of pancreatic lesions.

Abstract Background Intraoperative frozen section analysis is often performed in the surgical management of pancreatic lesions. This test is used to obtain histologic diagnosis, to assess resectability because of unanticipated locoregional spread, and to ensure negative margins after resection. We sought to define the accuracy and clinical usefulness of intraoperative frozen section analysis in patients with pancreatic lesions and to determine the impact on long-term outcomes. Methods A retrospective database review was performed for all patients who underwent pancreatic resection at our institution from 2002 to 2011. Patient demographics, indications for frozen section analysis, final pathology, and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Five-year survival was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Sixty-eight patients were identified (mean age 65 ± 14 years, 52% female). Malignancy was identified on final pathology in 38 (56%) patients. Intraoperative frozen section analysis was performed in 59 (87%) patients. Frozen section analysis was performed for histologic diagnosis in 6 (10%) cases, to determine resectability in 15 (25%) cases, and to evaluate margin status in 58 (98%) cases. Frozen section analysis for histologic diagnosis was associated with a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 50% with an overall accuracy of 83%. Frozen section analysis for the determination of resectability was associated with a sensitivity of 38%, specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 58% with an overall accuracy of 66%. Intraoperative frozen section analysis for the determination of the final margin status was associated with a sensitivity of 33%, specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 97% with an overall accuracy of 97%. There were no false-positive results on frozen section analysis. Errors on frozen section analysis interpretation did not negatively impact survival outcomes (mean survival = 2.2 years in those with concordant frozen section analysis vs 1.7 years in those with discordant frozen section analysis, P = .69). Conclusions Although intraoperative frozen section analysis is helpful for ensuring negative final margins, its usefulness for obtaining histologic diagnosis and determining resectability is limited by low negative predictive potential. These results highlight the importance of preoperative staging and intraoperative surgical judgment for questionable resectable disease.
Quantification of branching in disordered materials

The phenomenon of structural branching is ubiquitous in a wide array of materials: polymers, ceramic aggregates, polymeric networks, and gels. Branching has a strong influence on the structure–property relationships of these materials. Despite the interdisciplinary importance and decades of effort, the analytical description and quantification of branching are weak. Existing techniques for polymers based on size exclusion chromatography and rheology are, at best, qualitative, and quantitative characterization techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (for ceramic aggregates) have limitations in providing routine quantification. For ceramic aggregates, theoretical work has dominated, and only a few publications on analytical studies exist to support the theory. Small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons can be used to quantify the branch content through application of concepts native to fractal geometry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1395–1405, 2006
Effects of cigarette smoke fractions on the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effects of cigarette smoking fractions on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis were determined using the 51Cr-assay. Water-soluble fractions (WSF) of cigarette smoke produced from several tobacco types differed in inhibitory potencies (i.e., flue cured greater than or equal to Maryland greater than or equal to blended greater than Burley greater than or equal to Turkish) corresponding to the respective unsaturated aldehyde content of the smoke from these tobaccos. Fractionation of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) demonstrated that the more polar fractions were potent inhibitors of chemotaxis whereas those containing nicotine and the polycyclic hydrocarbons were weak inhibitors of chemotaxis. Unlike the inhibitory effects of WSFs, CSC fractions did not inhibit random migration and their inhibition of chemotaxis could not be completely prevented by reduced glutathione. These data suggest that while the alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes present in the vapor phase of smoke are among the most potent inhibitors of in vitro PMN chemotaxis, other polar, nonvolatile constituents of cigarette smoke also inhibit chemotaxis and by a mechanism which differs from that of the unsaturated aldehydes.
The Clinical Legal Education Movement: Observations for New Teachers

The article is a developed version of the keynote address given at the Association of American Law Schools Workshop for New Law School Clinical Teachers, June 2008. It discusses the development of the clinical legal education movement, issues facing the movement today and relevant organizations and resources. It ends by identifying several challenges for the new clinical legal educator.
Collaboration and Computational Thinking: A classroom structure

Building a classroom environment based on student-led, meaningful collaboration is an ideal being promoted by educators and administrators seeking to equip students with 21st century workforce skills. More and more often, teachers are challenged to design lessons that utilize students' innate desire to communicate with one another rather than more traditional direct instruction. With a heavy focus on student-driven instruction and a reduced role for direct instruction, Carson Middle School's Game Design I course is able to utilize collaboration as a means for allowing students to not only learn but master and retain Computational Thinking Patterns and apply them in formal summative assessments. Through the collection of these data points throughout the course of a semester of learning, an educator can fully appreciate the learning of Computational Thinking skills that occurs as students build a sequence of games and simulations.