cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of optical cross-sections for some Na and Li lines with a shock tube

Abstract The optical cross-section for collisional broadening of the lines NaI 589.0 nm, LiI 670.7 nm and LiI 610.3 nm by argon was determined by simultaneous measurement of the total absorption and the density of active atoms that were thermally excited in a shock tube. It was found that the method is suitable for both resonance lines and lines originating from transitions between higher excited levels.
Dopamine Modulates Female Sexual Receptivity in Drosophila Melanogaster

Newly eclosed Drosophila melanogaster flies were systemically depleted of dopamine by feeding an inhibitor of the biosynthetic enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase, and analyzed for abnormalities in courtship behavior. Dopamine-depleted females were significantly less receptive to males than were control females, although males were strongly attracted to treated females. The decrease in receptivity was reversed by the addition of L-DOPA (the product of the tyrosine hydroxylation reaction) to food containing the inhibitor. Male courtship behaviors were unaffected by this treatment. Female receptivity may be regulated via interactions with hormonal pathways, since depletion of dopamine levels via inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in Drosophila melanogaster adult females has established that dopamine is required for normal ovarian maturation and fecundity.
Spectroscopy of 1 3 , 1 4 B via the one-neutron knockout reaction

The single-nucleon knockout reactions ${}^{9}\mathrm{Be}{(}^{14}\mathrm{B}{,}^{13}\mathrm{B}+\ensuremath{\gamma})X$ and ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}{(}^{14}\mathrm{B}{,}^{13}\mathrm{B}+\ensuremath{\gamma})X,$ at an incident energy of 60 MeV per nucleon, have been used to probe the structure of ${}^{14}\mathrm{B}$ and of the core fragment ${}^{13}\mathrm{B}.$ A dominant $2s$ configuration is deduced for the neutron in the ground state of ${}^{14}\mathrm{B}.$ The longitudinal momentum distribution for this state is consistent with ``neutron halo'' structure. Spin assignments for ${}^{13}\mathrm{B}$ excited states at 3.48 and 3.68 MeV are proposed based on the observed spectroscopic factors for one-neutron removal.
Threshold behavior near an electronic shape resonance: Analysis of the He(3P) threshold in He- photodetachment and determination of the He(2(3)S) electron affinity.

${\mathrm{He}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ photodetachment cross sections near the $\mathrm{He}(2^{3}P)$ threshold have been measured and analyzed. The data were found to deviate rapidly from the Wigner threshold law because of the strong influence of the nearby $^{4}P^{e}$ shape resonance. A modified formula has been derived, which accounts for this effect. It successfully fits the data not only in the threshold region but over the resonance itself. The threshold data yield an electron affinity for $\mathrm{He}(2^{3}S)$ of 77.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8 meV, in agreement with the accurate calculations of Bunge and Bunge.
Calcium-independent stimulation of membrane fusion and SNAREpin formation by synaptotagmin I

Neurotransmitter release requires the direct coupling of the calcium sensor with the machinery for membrane fusion. SNARE proteins comprise the minimal fusion machinery, and synaptotagmin I, a synaptic vesicle protein, is the primary candidate for the main neuronal calcium sensor. To test the effect of synaptotagmin I on membrane fusion, we incorporated it into a SNARE-mediated liposome fusion assay. Synaptotagmin I dramatically stimulated membrane fusion by facilitating SNAREpin zippering. This stimulatory effect was topologically restricted to v-SNARE vesicles (containing VAMP 2) and only occurred in trans to t-SNARE vesicles (containing syntaxin 1A and SNAP-25). Interestingly, calcium did not affect the overall fusion reaction. These results indicate that synaptotagmin I can directly accelerate SNARE-mediated membrane fusion and raise the possibility that additional components might be required to ensure tight calcium coupling.
Proteins, morphology, and genetics in Neurospora.

Abstract The proteins of Neurospora have been extracted and then separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. A general stain (amido black) reveals the complement of both positively and negatively charged proteins which are separable on the gels into many components arranged in recognizable patterns. Tests for proteins which have enzyme action (esterases) have permitted attention to be focused more specifically upon particular proteins. The objective was to study the proteins of Neurospora as they are affected by its genetic constitution and especially by mutant genes which determine the morphology of the organism in culture. In the outcome, single genes exerted marked and recognizable effects on the detectable protein patterns, and their effect was apparent even against different genetic backgrounds. By controlled breeding experiments and using mycelial cultures raised from each of the spores, which were removed serially from a single ascus from a given cross, it has been established that various mutants at the peak locus (including bis) affect the form and the protein composition of the organism simultaneously. Chemical treatments which rendered the genetically different cultures phenotypically similar have been used with the result that the many protein changes observed are interpreted as the consequence, not the primary cause, of the morphology of the mutant strain. In this and other ways, e.g., by observing the soluble nitrogen compounds and the nucleic acids, it is concluded that the condition described as peak is brought about by a single gene that nevertheless carries with it a great variety of biochemical consequences which appear concomitantly with the morphology imposed upon the organism.
Ion channel gating based on Kramers theory

We consider an exactly tractable model of the Kramers type for the voltage-dependent gating dynamics of single ion channels. It is assumed that the gating dynamics is caused by the thermally activated transitions in a bistable potential. Moreover, the closed state of the channel is highly degenerate and embraces the whole manifold of closed substrates. Opening of the ion channel is energetically prohibited from most of the closed substates and requires a special conformation where the voltage sensor can move along an activation pathway and trigger the transition into the open conformation. When the corresponding activation barrier towards the channel's opening is removed by the applied voltage, the statistics of non-conducting time intervals become strongly influenced by the conformational diffusion. For the corresponding supra-threshold voltages, our model explains the origin of the power law distribution of the closed time intervals. The exponential-linear dependence of the opening rate on voltage, often used as an experimental fit, is also reproduced by our model.
A 1.5 GHz linear-in-dB Variable Gain Amplifier with process and temperature tracking in 0.18-µm CMOS

A linear-in-dB CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) targeting large-bandwidth applications, such as a DVD front-end and a Digital TV tuner's RF VGA is implemented in 0.18-µm CMOS. With a novel process and temperature variation tracking scheme and a charge-pump based negative supply to extend tracking range and improve linearity, this VGA provides stable −6 to 16 dB amplification across PVT variations. With less than 3 mA biasing current, the 3-dB bandwidth is more than 1.5 GHz and the THD is less than −45 dB for output swings greater than 500 mVppd.
The Relationship Between Attitudes Toward Persons Who Are Gay and Persons With AIDS, and HIV and AIDS Knowledge

A total of 86 counseling students were assessed on their attitudes toward persons who are gay, attitudes toward persons with AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), and level of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS knowledge. Demographic data consisted of sex, age, and HIV- and AIDS-related training. Results indicated that the attitudinal and knowledge variables were correlated so that positive attitudes toward both groups corresponded with high levels of knowledge. There were no significant differences among these variables on the demographic factors. Implications of these results are discussed, with special emphasis placed on counselor education.
Surgical approaches to dilated cardiomyopathy

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalization in the United States today. Congestive heart failure is a chronic progressive disease with the common central element being the remodeling of the cardiac chamber associated with ventricular dilation. Secondary mitral regurgitation is a complication of end-stage cardiomyopathy and is associated with a poor prognosis. Historically, these patients were not considered operative candidates due to the high morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Heart transplantation is now considered the standard of treatment for select patients with end-stage heart disease, however, it is only applicable to a small number of patients. In an effort to address this problem, newer and alternative surgical approaches are evolving, including mitral valve annuloplasty, the Batista myoplasty, and cardiomyoplasty. When these operative techniques that alter the shape of the left ventricle are utilized, in combination with optimal medical management for heart failure, survival is improved and patients can avoid or postpone transplantation.
Toxic effects of boron on mallard reproduction

Boron, a naturally occurring trace element generally considered environmentally innocuous, was documented to severely impair mallard reproduction. Boron is leached from irrigated agricultural soils and transported in drainage water that contaminates wetlands. Until now, only the selenium accumulated in aquatic food chains has been documented to pose a toxic hazard to wildlife in drainage water wetlands. Adult mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducks were fed diets supplemented with 0, 30, 300 or 1,000 ppm boron (fresh weight; diets contained about 10% moisture). The hatching success of fertile eggs was significantly reduced by 1,000 ppm boron, less than one-third the highest boron concentrations found in plants in California's San Joaquin Valley. Hatching weights, duckling survival and duckling weight gain were also reduced by 1,000 ppm boron. Boron concentrations in mallard egg, liver and brain tissues were dose-related. Boron did not affect adult survival or egg fertility. Management of drainage water-contaminated environments must now also consider the adverse effects of boron, as well as the possible interactions of drainage water contaminants.
Settling characteristics of composites of PNIPAM microgels and TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract Settling behavior of organic–inorganic colloidal composites was studied optically. The colloids were composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles embedded within cross-linked, thermally responsive microspherical gels (microgels) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). Interpenetrating (IP) linear chains of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) were used to incorporate nanoparticles of TiO2 in a dispersed state within the porous framework of the microgels. The extent of loading of the TiO2 within the colloidal particles can be easily manipulated from 10% (weight) to a value as high as 75%. The microgel–titania composites showed rapid sedimentation, which is useful for gravity separation of these particles in photocatalytic applications. The settling of the microgel–titania composites occurred over minutes and was much faster than solid, impermeable spheres. As the content of TiO2 increased within the particles from 10% to 75%, the increased effective particle density led to significant decrease in the settling time from approximately 2200 s to approximately 100 s. A simple mathematical model was used to interpret the optical measurements in terms of the distribution of settling velocities of the particles. The change in settling behavior with temperature suggests that the decrease in the permeability due to collapse of the microgels is balanced by an increase in effective density. The settling behavior of these composites provides not only a simple probe of particles characteristics but also insight into fundamental issues regarding settling of porous spheres, flocs of inorganic particles within organic material, and sedimentation phenomena in marine environments.
Finite element analysis of vibratory roller response on layered soil systems

Abstract The objective of this study is to quantify the relationships between continuous compaction control (CCC) roller soil stiffness measurements and subgrade and base lift moduli and thickness for quality control applications on fully compacted soils (e.g. proof rolls). This is done using plane strain, dynamic, time-domain finite element (FE) analyses. The FE model is calibrated against field data from two construction sites and is shown to capture the time-varying loading characteristics of the roller and the force–deflection behaviors of the underlying soil surface. The model is then used to explore the effects of subgrade and base moduli and the thickness of the compacted base layer on roller-measured stiffness values. The roller-measured stiffness increases with lift thickness and with subgrade and base moduli, showing sensitivity to both changes in lift thickness and in soil materials commonly observed in practice. The time-varying contact area is shown to have negligible effects on the roller-measured values. This observation is justified using a plane strain analysis of a layered elastic medium subjected to a dynamic strip loading.
A second isoform of chicken brush border myosin I contains a 29-residue inserted sequence that binds calmodulin.

Abstract Chicken brush border myosin I (CBB-MI) is a single-headed, nonfilamentous, myosin-like mechanoenzyme which, as isolated, has 3 mol of calmodulin (CAM) ‘light chains’ bound per mole of 119 kDa heavy chain. We have isolated a partial cDNA clone for CBB-MI that encodes the C-terminal ~ 35 kDa of the heavy chain. The sequence of this clone is identical to that of an authentic, near-full-length CBB-MI cDNA clone reported recently, except for an 87-bp/29-residue insertion occurring ~32 kDa from the C-terminus. This insert, which is probably generated by an alternate splicing event, is expressed in brush border as part of a message of the size predicted for the CBB-MI heavy chain, although the steady state level of this transcript is ~8-fold lower than for transcripts lacking the insert. 125I-CAM overlays of this cDNA clone (expressed as a trpE fusion protein in E. coli) indicate that it binds one more calmodulin than does a second cDNA clone that lacks the 29-residue insert. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the insert sequence binds tightly to CAM-Sepharose, demonstrates a shift and enhancement of fluorescence in the presence of CAM, and binds CAM in solution with a KD of 190 nM (in 100 mM KCl). We conclude that a second, low-abundance isoform of CBB-MI contains an additional (and possibly fourth) CAM binding site as a result of a 29-residue peptide that is inserted into the tail domain by an apparent alternate splicing event.
Emergency medical service aspects of emergency cardiac care.

Every year there are 1.25 million people who have an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the United States. Many of these patients die, with half of AMI deaths occurring within the first hour of symptom onset before the patient receives medical attention [1–3]. Evidence exists that early intervention with reperfusion translates into a better clinical outcome and lower mortality in these patients [4–6]. The Gruppo Italiano per la Sperimentazione della Streptochinasi nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI) trial demonstrated at least a 17% mortality reduction if thrombolysis was used for AMI in less than 6 hours of onset of symptoms [4]. An evaluation of pooled data from multiple trials revealed that there was an absolute reduction in mortality in those patients presenting within one hour of symptom onset of 65 lives saved per 1000 treated. Every hour thereafter resulted in a reduction of benefit of 1.6 lives per 1000 patients [7]. Potential exists for prehospital interventions to greatly influence the early access to definitive cardiac care. Issues, such as reducing the delay interval (the time from onset of symptoms to call for help), use of emergency medical services (EMS) versus private vehicle, and prehospital ECG are being investigated as factors that may speed care. Additionally, a body of literature exists that investigates the use of prehospital thrombolysis and its feasibility and success in certain populations.
Abstract C132: Targeting heat shock factor 1 improves the antitumor efficiency of hyperthermia.

The heat-shock response is a powerful transcriptional program which acts genome-wide, not only to restore normal protein folding through the induction of heat shock proteins (HSP), but to re-shape global cellular pathways controlling survival, growth and metabolism. In mammals, this response is regulated primarily by the Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor. We have previously shown that HSF1 plays a fundamental role in tumorigenesis, by promoting the survival and malignance of tumor cells, both in tissue culture and in mouse models of cancer [1]. HSF1 exerts its role by activating a unique transcriptional program in the cancer cells [2]. Indeed, increased HSF1 levels, as well as activation of its transcriptional signature, are associated with reduced survival in breast, lung and colon cancer patients [3]. Cancer cells are exquisitely dependent on HSF1 for survival. Exposure to additional stress, such as heat, further increases their dependency on HSF1. Recently we described how translation is linked to HSF1 activation using a derivative of the natural compound rocaglamide [4]. We found that this drug-like inhibitor of translation-initiation inhibits HSF1 and leads to tumor regression in hematopoietic malignancies. Here we combine this compound, or genetic inhibition of HSF1 expression, with focal heat therapy delivered via gold nano rods. We find that inhibiting HSF1 in solid tumors increases the efficiency of hyperthermia as an anticancer treatment. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C132. Citation Format: Ruth Scherz-Shouval, Alexander F. Bagley, Luke Whitesell, Sangeeta N. Bhatia, Susan Lindquist. Targeting heat shock factor 1 improves the antitumor efficiency of hyperthermia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C132.
The space-lifetime hypothesis: viewing organisms in four dimensions, literally.

Abstract: Much of the debate about alternative scaling exponents may result from unawareness of the dimensionality appropriate for different data and questions; in some cases, analysis has to include a fourth temporal dimension, and in others, it does not. Proportional scaling simultaneously applied to an organism and its generation time, treating the latter as a natural fourth dimension, produces a simple explanation for the 3/4 power in large‐scale interspecies comparisons. Analysis of data sets of reduced dimensionality (e.g., data sets constructed such that one or more of the four dimensions are fixed), results in predictably lower metabolic exponents of 2/3 and 1/2 under one and two constraints, respectively. Our space‐lifetime view offers a predictive framework that may be useful in developing a more complete mechanistic theory of metabolic scaling.
Cardiac operations in patients with end-stage renal disease

Factors influencing the survival of 35 consecutive patients in end-stage renal disease who required 40 open heart surgical procedures over the past 8 years were studied. The mean age in these patients was 57.7 +/- 3 years (range, 32 to 77 years); 74.3% of the patients were male; and the average duration of hemodialysis was 3.6 +/- 0.6 years. Twenty-nine myocardial procedures (20 of 29 for unstable angina), six valve replacements, and five combined procedures were performed. The actuarial survivals at 1 and 3 months, and at 1, 5, and 8 years were 90%, 85%, 76%, 55%, and 43%, respectively. Based on the results of univariate analysis, the most significant predictor of both early and late mortality was New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV congestive heart failure. The 5-year survival in the patients 60 years and older was less favorable than that in patients younger than 60 years (45% versus 63%) (p < 0.05). The 5-year survival in the patients in NYHA class IV was only 27%, as compared to 63% in the patients in class II or III (p < 0.001). All survivors have remained free of angina and 19 of the 21 survivors showed an improvement in their NYHA class. Four patients under 40 years of age have subsequently been able to undergo renal transplantation. Overall, these results justify proceeding with an open heart surgical procedure in dialysis patients, when needed, but before the onset of congestive heart failure.
Monodromy and Connectedness

The purpose of this note is initially to present an elementary but surprising connectedness principle pertaining to the intersection of a fixed subvariety X of some ambient space Z with another subvariety Y which is ‘mobile’ (in the sense of being movable, rather than actually moving). It is via this mobility that monodromy enters the picture, permitting the crucial passage from ‘relative’ or total-space irreducibility to ‘absolute’ or fibrewise connectedness (and sometimes irreducibility). A general form of this principle is given in Theorem 2 below.
Translocation of Sugars Into Infected Cabbage Tissues During Clubroot Development

Sucrose, glucose, and inositol were the major sugars in cabbage hypocotyls infected by Plasmodiophora brassicae and in noninfected hypocotyls, based on paper, thin-layer, and gas-liquid chromatography. Small amounts of trehalose were tentatively identified in extracts from noninfected hypocotyls, whereas up to 20x this level occurred in extracts from infected hypocotyls. Inositol declined in the infected hypocotyls while glucose increased to about 4x the level in noninfected hypocotyls. Fructose and mannose concentrations increased about 2-fold in the diseased hypocotyls, whereas the galactose concentration was about one-third that of noninfected hypocotyls.Translocation of (14)CO(2) sugar photosynthates into infected hypocotyls was more rapid than that into noninfected hypocotyls. The infected tissues also exported less sugar than the non-infected tissues. Sucrose was the major sugar translocated into the hypocotyls of both infected and noninfected plants.
Mississippi Choctaws and Racial Politics

"In December 1912, Mississippi representative Pat Harrison stood before Congress and delivered an impassioned speech on behalf of the Choctaw Indians living in his district. 'Mr. Chairman,' Harrison announced, 'the Choctaw Indians always stood with the white men of the South.'"
Reactions of recoil32P atoms with PF3 and PH3

Abstract The chemical behavior of recoil32P atoms in PH3 and PF3 has been studied in order to determine the general feasibility of extending hot atom investigations to phosphorus. Recoil phosphorus was generated by the31P(n,γ)32P reaction.32PH3 and32PF3 were the only volatile products observed in phosphorus atom reactions with PH3 and PF3.32PH3 was observed as a reaction product with H2. An upper limit of 0·1 per cent has been established for primary retention in PF3. Scavenger studies were performed on PF3 and a moderator study was made on a PH3 PF3 mixture. 60 per cent of the32PH3 yield appears to result from hot phosphorus atoms and 40 per cent from thermal atoms. A plausible reaction mechanism for the production of32PH3 and32PF3 is discussed.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) distribution and cytochrome P4501A induction in young adult and senescent male mice

While the developmental toxicology of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and its congeners has received considerable attention, the impact of advanced age on the biochemical effects and the pharmacokinetics of dioxins remains largely undetermined. In the present investigation, TCDD tissue distribution and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction were characterized in male C57BL/6N mice aged 10 weeks and 28 months at 7 days after administration of single oral [3H]TCDD doses ranging from 0.015 to 15 microgram/kg body wt. Determinations of hepatic marker enzyme activities for CYP1A1 (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, EROD) and 1A2 (acetanilide-4-hydroxylation, ACOH) indicated that the dose response curves for EROD induction by TCDD were nearly identical for the 2 age groups, but the ACOH induction response was greater in old mice. After receiving the 15 micrograms/kg dose, an increase (approximately 35%) in relative liver weight was observed 7 days after dosing in the 10-week mice, but not in the aged mice, and the hepatic concentration of TCDD was approximately 25% greater in young than old mice. No age difference was found in hepatic nuclear concentrations of TCDD. A dose-dependent increase in liver:fat tissue concentration ratios was noted at both ages, and adipose tissue and blood concentrations of TCDD did not vary significantly with age. In old mice however, TCDD concentrations in skin, kidney and muscle were all approximately twice those of young mice at the 15 micrograms/kg dose. These results suggest that advanced age may have differential effects on Ah receptor-mediated enzyme induction, while increased TCDD concentrations in certain tissues may have toxicological implications for older animals.
Nitrogen budget of a shortgrass prairie ecosystem.

A N budget is presented for a shortgrass prairie ecosystem. The grassland was ungrazed by domestic herbivores. The quantities of N in various plant, animal, microorganism, and soil components of the ecosystem are estimated for the date when aboveground living biomass was at its maximum for the growing season of 1973. Annual transfers of N between the various compartments were also estimated.
Spectral hole burning in crystalline Eu2O3 and Y2O3 : Eu3+ nanoparticles

Abstract Optical dephasing of nanoparticles of Eu2O and Y2O3 : Eu3+ is studied, using transient spectral hole burning, as a function of temperature and particle size, d. A strongly enhanced optical dephasing rate is observed whose magnitude depends on 1 d 2 . This is interpreted as an enhancement of the electron-phonon interaction. A calculation for the two-phonon Raman scattering rate, which includes a smoothed phonon density of states for a nanoparticle. describes the nearly exponential temperature dependence of the hole line width, but does not properly describe the particle size dependence. A more complete theory which takes into account the spatial dependence of the amplitude of the phonon surface modes is required.
Correlation between clinical suspicion and polymerase chain reaction verification of infectious vitritis.

Purpose To compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results to presumptive clinical diagnosis in patients with vitritis. Design Retrospective review of PCR laboratory records from vitreous samples. Methods Fifty consecutive laboratory records of vitreous samples sent for PCR testing were reviewed. Three reviewers with uveitis training ranked the clinical suspicion of a specific diagnosis using a classification system (scale of 1 to 4) and were masked to the PCR results. Results The degree of clinical suspicion of a particular diagnosis was significantly associated with a positive PCR result ( P = .048). Higher clinical suspicion was significantly more associated with a positive PCR result compared with cases with lower clinical suspicion ( P = .01). Conclusions If the clinical suspicion of a specific diagnosis is low, the PCR for any infectious etiology is unlikely to be positive.
Chaos in a minimal model of the alternative pathway of the complement system

In previous work, we introduced a minimal model of the alternative pathway of the complement. We also limited our analysis to a reduced set of parameter values because, for some parameters, experimentally supported estimates were not found. On the other hand, changes in value of some parameters may be a result of a pathological condition. Therefore, here we extend our analysis and include a wider range of values of five of the physiologically relevant parameters. For all the parameters considered, we observe chaotic oscillations, and we construct bifurcation diagrams using Poincare sections of local maxima.
Role of the Second-Stage Cuticle of Entomogenous Nematodes in Preventing Infection by Nematophagous Fungi

Abstract Third-stage infective juveniles (dauers) in the nematode genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are ensheathed in their second-stage (J2) cuticles. Retention of the J2 cuticle by various species and strains of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis was determined after the dauers moved through 5 cm of sand. In general, Heterorhabditis spp. (89–100%) retained their J2 cuticles whereas Steinernema spp. (100%) lost theirs. When dauers of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp. with and without J2 cuticles (cuticles removed with either 0.05% sodium hypochlorite or passage through sand) were exposed to conidia of endoparasitic fungi (either Hirsutella rhossiliensis or Drechmeria coniospora), those without a J2 cuticle and with conidia adhering to the J3 cuticle became infected by the fungi. Conidia of H. rhossiliensis and D. coniospora did not adhere to the J2 cuticle of Steinernema spp. In contrast, conidia of both fungi adhered to the J2 cuticle of Heterorhabditis spp. but
Repositioning the position: Revisiting Pieper's argument for a leisure ethic

Abstract The purpose of this essay is to examine a spiritual justification for a leisure ethic proposed by Josef Pieper. As work, for many people, becomes less meaningful, a society organized around productive labour is becoming increasingly problematic (Bartlett, 1990; Reid & van Dreunen, 1996; Robinson, 2003). Pieper (1948/1998) proposed that in order to understand the value of leisure, the concept must be decoupled from the concept of work. Only then could leisure's true potential be realized: a reflection on what it means to be human. Models of leisure service provision as potential detractors from, or facilitators of, this potential are discussed.
Temporal Hierarchy in Bergson and Whitehead

This article attempts to demonstrate the intelligibility of Bergson’s philosophy by analyzing his philosophical method and then applying it to the notions of biological time and of temporal hierarchy in biology. Bergson’s philosophical method contains three parts: the first is factual and scientific, the second intuitional and reflective, and the third consists in the formalization and application of intuitive insights. Intuition is not a single act, he insists, but a number of acts, each focussed on a particular level (breadth) of duration. Such acts, focussed on the rhythms of living organisms, can lead to researches in chronobiology like Lecomte du Nouy. Bergson’s philosophy, with its diversity of real organisms and levels of process, is more live Whitehead’s than has been believed.
Anti-angiogenesis immunotherapy.

Tumors stimulate angiogenesis to meet increasing nutrient and oxygen demands. In addition to their role in vascular remodeling, pro-angiogenic cytokines and effector cells contribute to an immune-inhibitory environment associated with advanced malignancies. Despite the critical role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and dissemination, most anti-angiogenic cancer therapies have had only limited success selectively targeting one of the many factors implicated in this process. Similarly, the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapies has been limited by tumor-mediated escape mechanisms and immune suppression. By combining the two strategies, however, anti-angiogenic immunotherapy offers the possibility to more robustly inhibit tumor angiogenesis and simultaneously impact the immune-inhibitory effects of the pro-angiogenic tumor milieu. These potential synergies make the combination of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic treatment a promising avenue for future research.
Cleanliness Requirements For The Air In A BRDF Facility

A method is presented for estimating the cleanliness level of the air contained in a BRDF measurement facility. The use of HEPA filters is assumed and a set of reasonable assumptions are set which provide a minimum criterion for the class of clean room required for a given minimum measurable BRDF desired. The basis of the method is the use of Rayleigh scattering theory.
Lagging Productivity Growth: Measurement, Technology, and Shock Effects

One of the most important problems about which economists have professional knowledge is lagging productivity growth. After illustrating some significant developments this paper addresses three questions: (1) To what extent does R&D activity drive productivity growth, (2) how do alternative measures of productivity affect the conclusions and (3) how did the oil price shocks and the increased openness of the U.S. economy affect productivity growth? After removing the influence of the extremely dynamic computer industry, average manufacturing industry productivity in the U.S. throughout the 80s grew at a disappointing pace. And it didn’t improve in the most dynamic industries. But there is good news as well. First, part of the 1970s productivity slump is clearly attributable to the 1973–74 oil price shock. Second and more important, technological innovation does not appear to have lost its power in driving productivity growth forward. Indeed there is evidence of stronger and more consistent productivity effects from R&D investment during the 1980s, although the exact channels through which R&D enhances manufacturing sector productivity are left in doubt. Estimates of the role inter-industry technology flows play are sensitive to aggregation and the conventions used to construct the industry price deflators underlying productivity measures.
Absolute Intensities of Unperturbed Lines in the ν2 and ν5 Bands of 12CH3F

Abstract The absolute intensities of 300 vibration-rotation absorption lines associated with transitions from the ground vibrational state to the vibrational states ν 2 = 1 and ν 5 = 1 of 12 CH 3 F were measured with a tunable diode laser.
Listeners' discrimination of real and human-imitated animal sounds.

Summary.-To determine if listeners can accurately distinguish between real and human-imitated animal sounds, a total of 165 recorded sounds (55 real and 110 human-imitated) of cats, cows, dogs, pigs, and sheep were randomly arranged on a master tape and presented to 30 listeners for discriminative judgments. Results indicate that, in general, listeners can accurately discriminate real from human-imitated animal sounds. Suggestions for future research are discussed. Although listeners can accurately identify various real (2) as well as humanimitated (3) animal sounds, it is not known if listeners can accurately discriminate those sounds produced by real animals from those produced by human imitators. This issue is of importance in understanding basic acoustic-perceptual differences between animal and human vocalizations. It was hypothesized that voice quality is the primary basis for differences between human and animal vocalizations, with human speakers' degree of accuracy of imitation (which may be associated with their amount of exposure to
Fasciculation potentials in healthy people

The aim of this study was to investigate the fasciculation potentials (FPs) in the small-peripheral muscles of the foot and hand and the possible associated factors, in a healthy population. One hundred-twenty-two normal individuals (65 men and 57 women), aged 17-67 years (mean 39.96, SD=12.76) participated in the study. A special questionnaire consisting of 47 questions was devised as the basic instrument of the interview, which included the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. The extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) and the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles were studied bilaterally using surface electrodes. In 94 (58 men and 36 women) from 122 participants (65 men and 57 women) FPs were recorded (men 89.2%, women 63.1%, all 77%). The mean FPs per minute and muscle, in all three muscles, was 8.0 (SD=4.6). More FPs were recorded in the muscles of foot than in FDI (p 0.1, p<0.01). The syndrome of benign FPs was observed in 2 men (1.6% of men). These results suggest that FPs are a very common phenomenon in the peripheral muscles of healthy persons.
A prospective study on the psychological effects of therapeutic abortion.

Abstract This study was conducted to assess the effect of therapeutic abortion on the emotional state of the patient. Prior to abortion, 57 women were interviewed and given several psychometric tests. Patients were unmarried, ranged in age from 12 to 36 years, and were predominantly black, protestant, of lower socioeconomic class, and multipara. Mean pre-abortion scores on the tests placed patients about midway between normal and neurotic patients in their emotional distress. Test scores obtained from 43 patients 4 weeks following abortion revealed statistically significant reduction in distress in most outcome measures. A total of 60% of these patients stated that they felt “relieved” and “better” at this time. We conclude that this patient group did not experience psychological ill effects from abortion. Until unwanted pregnancies can be reduced to their lowest level by more effective contraceptive counseling, therapeutic abortion remains a humane and valuable treatment for unwanted pregnancy.
Kappa agonist CovX-Bodies

Small peptidic kappa agonists were covalently linked to the reactive lysine of the CovX antibody to create compounds having potent activity at the kappa receptor with greatly extended half-life when compared to the parent peptide as exemplified by compound 20.
Effect of root surface alterations on periodontal healing. I. Surgical denudation

Abstract The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of root surface denudation on periodontal healing. Twelve teeth, distributed in four squirrel monkeys, were extracted and reimplanted after surgically denuding the coronal root surface of connective tissue fibers and cementum by root planing. The reimplantation schedule provided three teeth for histologic analysis at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after reimplantation. One day after reimplantation a zone of fibrin enmeshing erythrocytes and inflammatory cells was interposed between the root surface and the remaining periodontal fibers attached to the alveolar bone. Epithelium migrated rapidly along the denuded root, had reached the alveolar crest at 3 days, and was within the ligament space at 7 days. At 21 days, the epithelium was at the apical limit of root instrumentation, which corresponded to the level of attached connective tissue fibers on the root surface. No evidence of new connective tissue attachment was observed on the denuded root surface. It was concluded that the absence of fibers on the root surface resulted in apical migration of the epithelium, and precluded formation of new connective tissue attachment.
Habituation of the Flexion Reflex in Small for Gestational Age, Term (SGAT) Infants and Normal Birthweight Infants

Habituation, dishabituation, and retension of habituation of the flexion reflex by small for gestational age, term infants and normal birthweight infants were studied using two groups of twenty subjects each. Subject groups were matched according to sex, age at testing (55-65 days), SES levels, race, and type of delivery. The habituation paradigm for both reflexes included two sets of stimuli each of which was divided into three segments. The two sets of stimuli were separated by a proposed dishabituator. A 2x2x2 analysis of variance was used to test for habituation (main effect for segment), retention (main effect for set), birthweight (main effect for group), and interaction effects. Results indicate that both groups demonstrated habituation, retension, and dishabituation of the flexion reflex. No group differences were found. Clinical implications of this study include that testing for habituation and retention of habituation of motor reflexes may be useful assessment tool and that a relationship may e...
Comparison of Cockroach Traps and Attractants for Monitoring German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Abstract Studies were conducted in large arenas and simulated kitchens to compare the effectiveness of eight traps (seven sticky traps and one jar trap) and five attractants for monitoring German cockroaches (Blattella germanica L.). The evaluated traps were Trapper (type 9110–1), Catchmaster 150, 1001, and 2881, Victor-M330, Victor-M327, Glue board in D-Sect station, and a baby food jar trap. In choice tests, Victor-M330 consistently caught the most and Catchmaster 150 caught the fewest cockroaches. Numbers in the Victor-M330 were 78- and 36-fold greater than in the Catchmaster 150 in the large arena and simulated kitchen experiments, respectively. Sticky traps caught proportionally more small nymphs than large nymphs. Baby food jar trap samples had significantly greater adult/total ratio and large nymph/nymph ratios than the sticky trap samples. In addition, baby food jar trap catches had significantly lower male/adult ratio than Catchmaster 1001 and Victor-M327 trap catches. Flat Trapper traps caught s...
Throwing out the Bayesian baby with the optimal bathwater: Response to Endress (2013)

Abstract A recent probabilistic model unified findings on sequential generalization (“rule learning”) via independently-motivated principles of generalization ( Frank & Tenenbaum, 2011 ). Endress critiques this work, arguing that learners do not prefer more specific hypotheses (a central assumption of the model), that “common-sense psychology” provides an adequate explanation of rule learning, and that Bayesian models imply incorrect optimality claims but can be fit to any pattern of data. Endress’s response raises useful points about the importance of mechanistic explanation, but the specific critiques of our work are not supported. More broadly, I argue that Endress undervalues the importance of formal models. Although probabilistic models must meet a high standard to be used as evidence for optimality claims, they nevertheless provide a powerful framework for describing cognition.
BUDDHISM AND SCIENCE: HOW FAR CAN THE DIALOGUE PROCEED?

On the stage of the religion-and-science dialogue, Buddhism, especially Tibetan Buddhism, is a late arrival. However, thanks primarily to the long-standing personal interest of the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan tradition he represents has come to engage deeply with various disciplines of modern science. This essay follows the active engagement that has occurred particularly in the form of the biannual Mind and Life dialogues between the Dalai Lama and scientists. From the perspective of an active participant, I present the careful deliberations that ensure constructive parameters for these dialogues so that no one side can exert a hegemonic voice. I explore the challenges that are likely to confront the Buddhist side from its encounter with science, particularly with respect to its worldview. I identify specific areas where the two sides can and do engage in concrete collaboration, especially with respect to investigating healthy qualities of the mind and the effects of conscious mental training for attention and emotion regulation. Finally, I explore the question of the possible impact of this dialogue on modern science.
An indolent B-cell lymphoma with t(2;8)(p12;q24) abnormality and absence of C-MYC amplification and TP53 deletion. A new variant?

Abstract The translocation between chromosomes 2 and 8, t(2;8), is well known for its strong association with high-grade Burkitt lymphoma. However, the significance of this translocation in indolent lymphoproliferative disorders is not clear. We present the case of a 75-year-old white male with left upper quadrant abdominal pain, splenomegaly, and an elevated white cell count of 30.3×10 9 cells/L (84% large lymphoid cells with scanty cytoplasm and prominent central nucleoli). Immunophenotyping revealed a clonal B-cell population coexpressing CD5, CD19, and CD20 with weak CD23 and CD25 and very weak, restricted, surface λ. The cytogenetic analysis showed all 20 cells with t(2;8)(p12;q24.3). In addition, four of the 20 cells also showed a second translocation: t(12;17)(p13;q21). Molecular analysis using c-myc and p53 probes showed normal results with no indication of amplification of C-MYC or deletion of TP53 . The patient was managed as an indo-lent/low-grade lymphoproliferative disorder with excellent response to eight cycles of fludarabine.
Regulation of T Cell Homeostasis and Responses by Pten

The generation of lipid products catalyzed by PI3K is critical for normal T cell homeostasis and a productive immune response. PI3K can be activated in response to antigen receptor, costimulatory, cytokine and chemokine signals. Moreover, dysregulation of this pathway frequently occurs in T cell lymphomas and is implicated in lymphoproliferative autoimmune disease. Akt acts as a central mediator of PI3K signals, downstream of which is the mTOR pathway, controlling cell growth and metabolism. Members of the Foxo family of transcription factors are also regulated by Akt, thus linking control over homing and migration of T cells, as well cell cycle entry, apoptosis, and DNA damage and oxidative stress responses, to PI3K signaling. PTEN, first identified as a tumor suppressor gene, encodes a lipid phosphatase that, by catalyzing the reverse of the PI3K “reaction,” directly opposes PI3K signaling. However, PTEN may have other functions as well, and recent reports have suggested roles for PTEN as a tumor suppressor independent of its effects on PI3K signaling. Through the use of models in which Pten is deleted specifically in T cells, it is becoming increasingly clear that control over autoimmunity and lymphomagenesis by PTEN involves multi-faceted functions of this molecule at multiple stages of T cell development.
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of three polar non‐structurally related compounds, imipenem, cilastatin and an investigational β‐lactamase inhibitor, MK‐4698, in biological matrices

Abstract A method coupling hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of three polar non-structurally related compounds--a carbapenem antibiotic, imipenem (IMP), a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor, cilastatin (CIL), and an investigational beta-lactamase inhibitor, MK-4698 (BLI), in rat plasma, monkey plasma and mouse blood. The analytes were extracted through protein precipitation, chromatographed on a Waters Atlantis HILIC column, and detected on a Sciex API4000 mass spectrometer using a Turbo-Ion Spray ion source in positive ionization mode following multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). The assay dynamic range was 0.1-100 microg/mL for IMP, CIL and BLI, respectively, using a total of 20-25 microL biologic samples, and the total HPLC/MS/MS run time was 4 min/injection. The assay was found to be sensitive, selective and reproducible. The challenges, namely, sample stability, blood sample processing, matrix effect in monkey study samples, and dilution re-assays for the limited mouse blood samples, are resolved and discussed. This technique allowed rapid analysis of polar compounds in biologic matrixes with satisfactory chromatographic retention and increased throughput.
Nationalism, Ethnocentrism, and the New World Order:

In the aftermath of the collapse of Soviet Communism and the Gulf War, this article takes stock of what psychology might contribute to understanding events that we did not expect. The disturbing ne...