cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Freezing on Cytoskeletal Structure of Fibroblasts in Engineered Tissues

Successful preservation of functional cells and tissues are critical to cell/tissue engineering and regenerative medicines. One of the most reliable methods of cell/tissue preservation is cryopreservation; in which cells and tissues are frozen before storage and thawed when needed. Since the cellular viability and the microstructure of extracellular matrix (ECM) directly correspond to the functionality of a tissue, successful cryopreservation should maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM) microstructure as well as cellular viability post-thaw. A few recent studies [1,2] reported that complex cell-fluid-matrix interaction occurred during freezing of tissues, and this interaction might determine the post-thaw ECM microstructure and affect the cellular viability. These studies also suggested that the cells within tissues might exert or sense mechanical stress during freezing through the cytoskeleton connected to the ECM via cell-matrix adhesion complexes.© 2011 ASME
Effects of a potent CYP3A inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics and safety of enzastaurin

2572 Background: Enzastaurin (ENZ) targets the PKCβ and PI3K/AKT pathways to induce tumor cell apoptosis, reduce proliferation, and suppress tumor-induced angiogenesis. ENZ is metabolized by CYP3A ...
Ölabstreifringe mit konischem Steg

Zu den aktuellen Herausforderungen der Motoroptimierung gehort es, den Olverbrauch weiter zu senken. Die Kolbenringe, und speziell die Olabstreifringe, konnen hier einen grosen Beitrag leisten. Mit der patentierten Geometrie des konischen Ringstegs hat Federal-Mogul bereits Einspareffekte von bis zu 50 % erzielt.
Hydrocarbon-Bridged Polysiloxane and Polysilsesquioxane Network Materials.

Hexylene-and phenylene-bridged polymethylsiloxane xerogels X-2 and X-4, respectively, were prepared by the sol-gel hydrolysis and condensation of 1, 6-bis(diethoxymethyl-silyl)hexane 1 and 1, 4-bis(diethoxymethysilyl)benzene 2 under acidic and basic conditions. These polymerizations afforded network polymers in the form of wet gels within several hours. The gels were processed to afford xerogels whose characteristics (determined by solid state13C and29Si CP MAS NMR spectroscopy and nitrogen sorption porosimetry) were compared and contrasted with those of their analogous polysilsesquioxanes.29Si CP MAS NMR indicates a high, degree of hydrolysis and polycondensation; porosimetry measurements reveal that the materials have significant surface areas, save for the acid-catalyzed hexylene gels X-2.
Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on metabolism. I. ATP concentration in rat brain, liver and kidney.

Summary1) Tissue ATP concentrations were determined in the cerebral hemispheres, liver and kidney in rats exposed to air at 1 atmosphere, and to 100% oxygen for 2 hours at 1 and 3 atmospheres, and 1 1/2 hours at 5 atmospheres. 2 Liver and kidney had normal ATP levels at 1 atmosphere and increased ATP levels at 3 atmospheres (39% and 18% respectively). 3 Cerebral hemispheres had markedly depressed ATP concentrations at 1 atmosphere (57%) and 3 atmospheres (34%). 4 Significant decreases in ATP levels occurred in cerebral hemisphere (54%), liver (44%), and kidney (63%) of rats exposed to 100% oxygen for 1 1/2 hours at 5 atmospheres. 5 The significance of the findings is discussed.
Pooled sequential ejaculates: A way to increase the total number of motile sperm from oligozoospermic men

We investigated the yield of total number of motile spermatozoa from oligozoospermic men by pooling two closely spaced sequential ejaculates. Semen characteristics were compared between sequential ejaculates (within a period of 1 to 4 hours) of 18 oligozoospermic males (sperm concentration less than 20 X 10(6)/mL and total sperm count less than 40 X 10(6) in the ejaculate) and a control group of 16 normozoospermic men. Whereas the median total number of motile sperm of normozoospermic males significantly decreased from 70 X 10(6) in the first ejaculate to 23 X 10(6) in the second sequential ejaculate, such a decrease was not detected in oligozoospermic males, 3.6 X 10(6) and 3.1 X 10(6), respectively. The percent of normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men who demonstrated a decreased (less than 50%), a comparable (50% to 150%), or an increased (greater than 150%) total motile sperm count in the second ejaculate in comparison with the first ejaculate were 69%, 31%, and 0 versus 39%, 28%, and 33%, respectively. Consequently, pooling of two sequential ejaculates significantly increased the median total number of motile sperm from normozoospermic males by 144% and from oligozoospermic males by 329%, (to 10.2 X 10(6]. We suggest that pooling of two sequential ejaculates from oligozoospermic males is a simple and cost effective method to increase significantly the total number of motile sperm for intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, or semen cryopreservation.
The Naturalization of Citizen and Self in Democratic Athens, 450–411

in our discussion of aeschylus' suppliants we've seen that tragedy invites its spectators to deliberate as both citizens and as noncivic members of a wider, more hypothetical community, the human race. We've seen too that the trilogy prompts spectators to reason differently as members of each community. Citizen deliberation favors a reason giving that uses shared teleological and normative criteria to determine collective self-interest, often by separating the citizen self from others. Reasoning as a human being, however, relies more on an individual's ability to evaluate subjective (or “dramaturgical”) criteria by withdrawing into the self, making cognitive use of such powerful emotions as compassion, shame/respect, and fear, and temporarily identifying with others. And in an age when popular sovereignty was beginning to flex its ideological muscle (470s–60s), the Danaid trilogy seems to suggest that a community's well-being may depend on how wisely citizens, guided by their leaders, oscillate between these two deliberative experiences. Apparently, in the age of popular sovereignty some Athenians like Aeschylus sensed that, when citizens experience emotions individually and use them to reason about public affairs, they may be blinded to what lies in the city-state's interest. In Chapter 4 I noted a similar anxiety about how citizens make decisions during the script of the jury trial.
Diverse Perspectives on a Flipped Biostatistics Classroom.

ABSTRACT“Flipping” the classroom refers to a pedagogical approach in which students are first exposed to didactic content outside the classroom and then actively use class time to apply their newly attained knowledge. The idea of the flipped classroom is not new, but has grown in popularity in recent years as the necessary technology has improved in terms of quality, cost, and availability. Many biostatistics instructors are adopting this format, but some remain unsure whether such a change would benefit their students. One potential barrier to adopting a flipped classroom is the common misconception that only a single approach is available. Having adopted the flipped approach in their own courses, the authors participated in an invited panel at the 2014 Joint Statistical Meetings held in Boston, Massachusetts entitled “Flipping the Biostatistics Classroom.” A theme emerged from the panel's discussions: rather than being a one-size-fits-all approach, the flipped biostatistics classroom offers a high degre...
Dyslexia, Handedness, and Immune Disorders

An association between dyslexia, left-handedness, and immune disorders was investigated in 734 Norwegian grade 6 children, aged 12 years, at the Center for Reading Research, Stavanger, Norway, and the Department of Psychology, University of Bergen.
The evolution of p53 network behavior

We study the evolution of the p53 core regulation network across the taxonomic span of humans to protozoans and nematodes. We introduce a new model for the core regulation network in mammalian cells, and conduct a formal analysis of the different network configurations that emerge in the evolutionary path to complexity. Solving the high dimensional equations associated with this model is typically challenging, and we develop a novel algorithm to overcome this problem. A key technical tool used is the representation of the distinct pathways in the core regulation networks as "modules", such that the behavior of the composite of two or more modules can be inferred from the characteristics of each of the individual modules. Apart from simplifying the complexity of the algorithm, this modular representation also allows us to qualitatively compare the distinct types of switching behaviors each network can exhibit. This then allows us to demonstrate how our model for the core regulation network in mammalian cells matches experimentally observed phenomena, and contrast this with the plausible behaviors admitted by the network configurations in putative primordial organisms. We show that the complexity of the p53 core regulation network in vertebrates permits a range of behaviors that can bring about distinct cell fate decisions not possible in the putative primordial organisms.
A multi-agent Q-learning based rendezvous strategy for cognitive radios

In this paper, we address the blind rendezvous problem of cognitive radios (CRs) quickly finding each other to establish communication in a multi-channel dynamic spectrum access (DSA) environment. We propose a multi-agent Q-learning based rendezvous strategy that allows CR-based secondary users (SUs) to actively explore a dynamic DSA environment and learn through resulting rewards which channels are best to use for rendezvous. Through simulation, we show that our strategy enhances the rendezvous performance of SUs by enabling them to use the learned channels in an effective and efficient manner.
Hemiepiphyseodesis for Juvenile and Adolescent Tibia Vara Utilizing Percutaneous Transphyseal Screws.

Background In juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients with sufficient growth remaining, implant-controlled hemiepiphyseodesis, or guided growth, can be used to correct deformity. Recent reports have described hardware failure of certain hemiepiphyseodesis implants in overweight patients with tibia vara. We describe our experience using transphyseal screws to correct deformity in this patient population. Methods A retrospective chart and radiograph review was conducted on all juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients who underwent lateral proximal tibial hemiepiphyseodesis using a single transphyseal screw. Charts were queried for preoperative and postoperative mechanical axis deviation, medial proximal tibial angle, lateral distal femoral angle, and postoperative complications or need for further surgery. Results In total, 14 affected limbs in 9 patients (6 males) who underwent lateral proximal tibial transphyseal screw hemiepiphyseodesis were considered. Average chronologic age at implantation was 10.4 years and average body mass index was 31.7 kg/m. At average 23-month follow-up, the average mechanical axis deviation improved from 46 to 0 mm (P Conclusions Hemiepiphyseodesis using transphyseal screws is an effective technique to correct deformity in juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients with sufficient growth remaining. This method can be used safely with few complications and with minimal risk of mechanical failure, even in overweight patients. Level of evidence Level IV-therapeutic.
Erratum to: Astrobiology’s Cosmopolitics and the Search for an Origin Myth for the Anthropocene

This erratum is published as name was misspelt in references in original publication. “In James Malazita’s ‘Astrobiology’s Cosmopolitics and the Search for an Origin Myth for the Anthropocene’, Daniel Coren’s last name is misspelled as ‘Cohen’ in the references. The correct entry should be ‘Coren D (2015) Anthropocentric biocentrism in a hybrid. Ethics Environ 20(2):48–60’.”
Family Transitions Following Natural and Terrorist Disaster: Hurricane Hugo and the September 11 Terrorist Attack

Disasters affect individuals, families, and entire communities. To date, the primary focus of disaster research has been on identifying the mental health consequences for individuals following natural disasters, technological disasters, and mass violence. However “...the experience (of disaster) cannot be expressed entirely in diagnoses of psychopathology” (Vlahov 2002, p. 295). An exclusive focus on individual mental health outcomes will underestimate the full psychosocial impact of a disaster for many adults, given that the consequences for adult disaster victims often unfold in the context of close relationships. The goal of this chapter is to expand the focus of disaster research by considering how disasters are related to significant family transitions. Exposure to disaster and trauma is more common than we might expect. Lifetime exposure was 22% for natural disasters (Briere and Elliott 2000) and 69% for traumatic events (e.g., combat, tragic death, automobile accident, assault; Norris 1992). Given the interdependence of married spouses (Kelley and Thibaut 1978) and the disruptive nature of disaster and trauma, we would expect these events to reverberate in people’s romantic relationships.
Alladi Ramakrishnan’s Theoretical Physics Seminar

After completing his PhD at the University of Manchester, my father returned to India and joined the physics department at the University of Madras as a Reader in 1952. He was later promoted as Professor. He was developing the theory of product densities that he had initiated in his PhD thesis and studying applications of it by himself and with his students. He availed every possible opportunity to invite eminent scientists to the University of Madras and to our family home Ekamra Nivas and encouraged his students to listen to their lectures and engage in discussions with them. When my father visited the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1957–1958 at the invitation of its Director Robert Oppenheimer, he had the opportunity to listen to over one hundred seminars on theoretical physics by the leading researchers of that generation. My father returned to India filled with a desire to expose students to the latest developments in modern physics. Not satisfied with the curriculum at the Madras University, he gave advanced lectures in theoretical physics to students at Ekamra Nivas. Eager students gathered at the seminar to hear his lectures, and this was formally called The Theoretical Physics Seminar. He invited eminent scientists to lecture in this seminar. My mother Mrs. Lalitha Ramakrishnan graciously hosted the foreign speakers and the students by arranging lavish South Indian dinners after the seminars. I was a very young boy, but I had the privilege of meeting the eminent visitors.
Absence of recurrence in Fourier–Fourier transformed Vlasov–Poisson simulations

It is known that the filtered, doubly Fourier transformed, Eulerian Vlasov–Poisson simulation method does not exhibit any effects of recurrence. It has not been understood why this is so. It is shown that there is only one boundary in this simulation method where user input is allowed and that the appearance or not of recurrence depends on the character of the boundary data that are imposed. Examples are given that show that the choice of boundary data that leads to recurrence-free simulations does not degrade the accuracy of Landau damping simulations.
Half theory. II. The application of fractional spherical harmonics to chemical bonding

In this paper, we use fractional hydrogenic wave functions as trial functions in a variational calculation of the ground state energies of the H2+ ion and the He atom. We find improved estimates over those obtained using the standard integer angular momentum atomic trial states. We will see that a benefit of using these fractional functions is the generation of a directional charge distribution, which may serve to orient the atoms in chemical bonds.
HSD3B1 genotype and response to androgen deprivation therapy for biochemical recurrence after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer.

5050Background: The enzyme encoded by the HSD3B1(1245C) variant allele has been shown to promote castration-resistant prostate cancer by increasing intratumoral dihydrotestosterone synthesis. In th...
Associations between different components of executive control in childhood and sleep problems in early adolescence: A longitudinal study:

Research has examined the impact of poor sleep on executive control and related abilities, but the inverse relationship has received less attention. Youth completed objective executive control task...
Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Mechanics of a Wheeled Non-Holonomic Robot Capable of Enabling Homeostasis.

The field of bio-inspired robotics seeks to create mechanical systems that mimic the designs and concepts used by biological systems. One of the more challenging biological concepts to imitate in mechanical systems is the ability to create an internal environment that can foster homeostasis through the use of a membrane similar to skin. A robot with this ability would be able to regulate internal parameters, repair itself using the internal sub-environment, and defend its internal parts from the surrounding environment. This paper presents the internal structure of a non-holonomic wheeled system that enables homeostasis via a fully connected interior, protected from the outside environment by a flexible membrane. The three objectives of this paper are to: 1) Explore the idea of nature creating higher-order life forms with wheeled limbs given the correct intermediate steps. 2) Characterize a robot that uses a homeostasis enabling wheel. 3) Determine the feasibility of using a homeostasis enabling wheel as a mode of locomotion.
Microbial Contribution to the Human Metabolome: Implications for Health and Disease.

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to an incredibly dense population of microbes. These microbes employ unique strategies to capture energy in this largely anaerobic environment. In the proce...
Combining radiation and chemotherapy to improve the therapeutic ratio

Abstract Clinical outcomes and general treatment paradigms for patients with oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, and human papillomavirus (HPV) negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have remained relatively stable over the past several decades. Since the early 2000s it has become clear that patients with HPV + OPSCC have significantly improved outcomes compared to those with HPV − disease. This has led to considerable efforts being focused on defining the best approach to maximize the therapeutic ratio in patients with HPV + OPSCC in order to minimize the toxicities associated with treatment. Simultaneously, for patients with HPV − disease, attempts to intensify treatment have been taken in order to improve outcomes in patients with a significantly worse prognosis. In this chapter we review the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of head and neck cancer by focusing on the basics of radiobiology juxtaposed with the intricacies of modern radiotherapy, surgical techniques, systemic agents, and the on-going efforts aimed at combining their interactions to improve clinical outcomes while reducing treatment-related toxicities.
Chapter 124 – The Woodchuck Model of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a woodchuk model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a mammalian virus closely related to HBV, was first described in the Eastern woodchuck by Summers et al in a colony of woodchucks maintained at the Penrose Research Laboratory of the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens. The replication of WHV is identical to that of HBV and other Hepadnaviradae, and it involves the entry of the virion into the hepatocyte, removal of the surface envelope, and translocation of the nucleocapsid to the nucleus. Adult woodchucks with experimentally induced chronic WHV infection have been used for the preclinical evaluation of antiviral agents. Woodchucks are tested prior to initiation of therapy for serologic markers of WHV infection, and woodchucks positive for WHsAg, WHV DNA, and anti-WHc antibody are used in this model. Serum WHV DNA concentration is measured before treatment, at regular intervals during 4-, 12-, or 24-week periods of treatment and for 12 weeks following drug withdrawal. Ultrasound-directed percutaneous liver biopsies are obtained before treatment, after treatment is ended, and during post-treatment follow-up. The biopsies are examined histologically by routine light microscopy and histochemically for WHc and WHs antigens. Aliquots of the biopsies are also analyzed quantitatively for WHV nucleic acids. This model has become valuable in the development of antiviral drugs and possibly may be useful in evaluating new forms of immunotherapy both for efficacy and possible toxicity.
Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy and Effective Medium Modeling of As-Anodized and Oxidized Porous Silicon Carbide

We present a study of the infrared reflectance of porous silicon carbide (PSC) formed by the electrochemical dissolution of silicon carbide substrates of both 6H and 4H polytypes. The reflectance from n-PSC, both as-anodized and passivated, is reported for the first time. The passivation of PSC has been accomplished using a short thermal oxidation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectroscopy is employed ex situ after different stages of the thermal oxidation process. The characteristics of the reststrahlen band normally observed in bulk SiC are altered by anodization; further changes in the reflectance spectra occur following oxidation for different periods of time. An effective medium theory model that includes air, SiC and SiO2 as component materials is shown to characterize the observed changes in the reflectance spectra after different stages of PSC oxidation.
An indisputable role of NHE8 in mucosal protection.

Loss of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8), a Slc9 family of exchanger that contributes to sodium uptake, cell volume regulation, and intracellular pH homeostasis, resulted in dysbiosis with reducti...
Establishing Better Evidence on Remote Monitoring for Postpartum Hypertension: A Silver Lining of the Coronavirus Pandemic

The transformation of our health care system in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides a unique opportunity to examine the use of telehealth for postpartum care. The postpartum period can pose significant risks and challenges, particularly for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Remote blood pressure monitoring has proven feasible and acceptable among women and providers but has not been widely implemented or researched. Early studies have identified improved outcomes with use of telehealth, including increased compliance with care and decreased disparity in hypertension follow-up. Preliminary data make a compelling case for remote monitoring as a promising treatment strategy to manage postpartum hypertension. Remote monitoring technology should be incorporated as a standard component for the comprehensive management of postpartum hypertension during COVID-19. As a consequence of the pandemic, we now have an opportunity to research the impact of postpartum remote blood pressure monitoring on maternal outcome and disparities within these outcomes.
How Are Cultural Industries Associated with Regional Innovation Systems

This study highlights the interaction between cultural industries and regional innovation systems in the U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in 2014–2015. This study finds that California pl...
Recipe for Zoonosis: How Influenza Virus Leaps into Human Circulation.

Summary The features that permit or prevent a virus from becoming a zoonotic threat is an ongoing area of investigation. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Herfst et al. and Henritzi et al. help define the molecular and host determinants of influenza virus spillover from animal to human populations.
Too slow for the urban march: Litigations and the real estate market in Mumbai, India

Abstract We use data from the universe of approximately 3000 ongoing formal real estate projects in Mumbai to show that 27.3% of the projects and 42.9% of the built-up space is under litigation. Average construction time is 8.5 years. Using OLS and matching techniques, and controlling for other factors determining time to completion including location, developer experience and project size, we estimate that litigated projects take approximately 20% longer to complete than non-litigated projects. A variety of robustness tests are consistent with this finding. We address potential endogeneity concerns using an instrument - the neighborhood’s propensity to sue. The increase in time to completion increases the total cost of building by at least 30%. We identify a small number of litigated projects in the Bombay High Court dockets and find that so-called Public Interest Litigation, litigation begun by people outside the contractual process (i.e. not apartment purchasers, residents, or contractors), appears to be responsible for a significant share of project litigation.
Targetoid appearance on T2-weighted imaging and signs of tumor vascular involvement: diagnostic value for differentiating HCC from other primary liver carcinomas

To evaluate targetoid appearance on T2-weighted imaging and signs of tumor vascular involvement as potential new LI-RADS features for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other non-HCC primary liver carcinomas (PLCs). This IRB-approved, retrospective study was performed at two liver transplant centers. The final population included 375 patients with pathologically proven lesions imaged between 2007 and 2017 with contrast-enhanced CT or MRI. The cohort consisted of 165 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and 74 combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas, with the addition of 136 HCCs for control. Two abdominal radiologists (R1; R2) independently reviewed the imaging studies (112 CT; 263 MRI) and recorded the presence of targetoid appearance on T2-weighted images and features of tumor vascular involvement including encasement, narrowing, tethering, occlusion, and obliteration. The sensitivity and specificity of each feature were calculated for the diagnosis of non-HCC PLCs. Cohen’s kappa (k) test was used to assess inter-reader agreement. The sensitivity of targetoid appearance on T2-weighted images for the diagnosis of non-HCC PLCs was 27.5% and 32.6% (R1 and R2) and the specificity was 98.2% and 97.3% (R1 and R2). Among the features of tumor vascular involvement, those providing the highest sensitivity for non-HCC PLCs were vascular encasement (R1: 34.3%; R2: 37.2%) and obliteration (R1: 25.5%; R2: 29.7%). The highest specificity for non-HCC PLCs was provided by tethering (R1: 100%; R2: 97.1%) and occlusion (R1: 99.3%; R2: 99.3%). The inter-reader agreement was moderate to substantial (k = 0.48–0.77). Targetoid appearance on T2-weighted images and features of tumor vascular involvement demonstrated high specificity for non-HCC malignancy. • Targetoid appearance on T2-weighted imaging and signs of tumor vascular involvement have high specificity (92–100%) for the diagnosis of non-HCC PLCs, regardless of the presence of liver risk factors. • In the subset of patients with risk factors for HCC, the sensitivity of signs of tumor vascular involvement decreases for both readers (1.7–20.3%), while the specificity increases reaching values higher than 94.2%. • The inter-reader agreement is substantial for targetoid appearance on T2-weighted images (k = 0.74) and moderate to substantial for signs of tumor vascular involvement (k = 0.48–0.77).
Fluence-Dependent Morphological Transitions in Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes on Polyimide Substrates for Flexible Devices

Laser carbonization of polymers is an emerging technique that enables directly patterning conductive carbon electrodes for a plethora of flexible devices, including supercapacitors and sensors. Whi...
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) in newborns using processed EEG versus amplitude-EEG.

There is a critical need for development of real time physiological biomarkers for birth asphyxia that constitutes a major global public health burden. Our recent study (Scientific Reports, V10:9183, 2020) established a novel non-invasive neurovascular coupling (NVC) assessment in newborns using dynamic wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis irrespective of different aEEG algorithms. As an extended study, the current paper examines whether the variability in processed EEG and amplitude-EEG (aEEG) outputs would impact the determination of NVC in newborns with encephalopathy. Concurrent processed EEG tracings and regional near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) readings during a period of twenty hours in their first day of life were selected and processed in this study. After bandpass-filtered in 2–15 Hz, rectified, and down-sampled at 0.21 Hz, the processed EEG tracings along with NIRS-SctO2 (0.21 Hz) were used to perform WTC analysis, followed by comparison of WTC-metrics between SctO2-processed EEG coherence and SctO2-aEEG coherence using Bland–Altman statistics. Our results demonstrated high and significant correlation (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.001) between NVC assessments by SctO2-processed EEG and SctO2-aEEG coherence, confirming that band-passed, rectified, and down-sampled processed EEG, or aEEG, can be paired with NIRS-SctO2 to assess NVC in newborns with encephalopathy. Findings indicate the feasibility of a simpler approach to NVC in neonates by using directly processed EEG, instead of aEEG.
Abraxas suppresses DNA end resection and limits break-induced replication by controlling SLX4/MUS81 chromatin loading in response to TOP1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage.

Although homologous recombination (HR) is indicated as a high-fidelity repair mechanism, break-induced replication (BIR), a subtype of HR, is a mutagenic mechanism that leads to chromosome rearrangements. It remains poorly understood how cells suppress mutagenic BIR. Trapping of Topoisomerase 1 by camptothecin (CPT) in a cleavage complex on the DNA can be transformed into single-ended double-strand breaks (seDSBs) upon DNA replication or colliding with transcriptional machinery. Here, we demonstrate a role of Abraxas in limiting seDSBs undergoing BIR-dependent mitotic DNA synthesis. Through counteracting K63-linked ubiquitin modification, Abraxas restricts SLX4/Mus81 recruitment to CPT damage sites for cleavage and subsequent resection processed by MRE11 endonuclease, CtIP, and DNA2/BLM. Uncontrolled SLX4/MUS81 loading and excessive end resection due to Abraxas-deficiency leads to increased mitotic DNA synthesis via RAD52- and POLD3- dependent, RAD51-independent BIR and extensive chromosome aberrations. Our work implicates Abraxas/BRCA1-A complex as a critical regulator that restrains BIR for protection of genome stability. Break-induced replication (BIR), a subtype of HR, is a mutagenic mechanism that leads to chromosome rearrangements. Here the authors reveal insights into the role of Abraxas in limiting excessive DNA end resection, R-loop accumulation and cells undergoing BIR-dependent mitotic DNA synthesis.
Immune-related adverse events in cancer patients being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction With the increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), it is essential to improve our understanding of immune-related adverse events (irAE). To date, most studies describing irAE have been performed in clinical trial populations, which may not be an accurate description of irAE in real-world populations. Also, identification of patients at increased risk of irAE is needed as early recognition may improve irAE outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who received an ICI between January 2014 and October 2018 at a single institution (Tufts Medical Center). Each patient was followed for up to 12 months for the outcome of a physician-reported irAE. Kaplan-Meier curves were created for the time to development and resolution of initial irAE. A Cox proportional hazards model was created to evaluate whether the following variables were independent predictors of an initial irAE: age ≥65 years, female sex, non-Caucasian race, radiation in previous 6 months, current smoking status, melanoma, and combination ICI (ipilimumab and nivolumab). Results Of 131 patients followed, 57 patients (43.5%) developed at least one irAE at a median of 250 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 132 days-not estimable). The most common irAE included dermatitis, thyroid dysfunction, and pneumonitis. Nearly two-thirds of patients with an irAE had ICI therapy withdrawn, and nearly 60% had immunosuppression initiated. In multivariable analysis, we found a significant association between irAE development and age ≥65 years hazard ratio (HR) 1.80, 95% CI (1.03-3.14) and current smoking status (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.06-4.82). Discussion We detected a high rate of irAE and that irAE and subsequent management can be clinically burdensome in this patient population. While further studies are needed to validate these findings, this study provides insights into the magnitude, time course, management of, and possible predictors of irAE in a real-world setting.
The transatlantic partnership: Holding China accountable for the Uyghur genocide

Abstract This article focuses on Metropolitan State University Denver Debate’s participation in the 2020 Schuman Challenge, a competition hosted by the Delegation of the European Union to the United States. Undergraduate participants were asked to answer the question: “How should the EU and the U.S. respond to China’s alternative models of governance?” In response, the debate team focused on the People’s Republic of China’s human rights violations against the Uyghurs. Three recommendations to address this injustice were presented: (1) expand the use of the Magnitsky Act; (2) amplify current EU/U.S. sanctions; and (3) apply pressure on China’s efforts to secure natural resources. Overall, the debate team’s research suggested that these approaches would both strengthen the EU/U.S. partnership and promote a coordinated response to China aimed at pursuing justice for the Uyghur people. This article also highlights the authors’ journey to engage in advanced undergraduate research focused on foreign policy.
The Pregnant Male as Myth and Metaphor in Classical Greek Literature

1. Introduction 2. The new father of Anaxagoras: the one-seed theory of reproduction and its reception in Athenian tragedy 3. The thigh birth of Dionysus: exploring legitimacy in the classical city-state 4. From myth to metaphor: intellectual and poetic generation in the age of the Sophists 5. Blepyrus' turd-child and the birth of Athena 6. The pregnant philosopher: masculine and feminine procreative styles in Plato's Symposium 7. Reading Plato's midwife: Socrates and intellectual paternity in the Theaetetus Appendix 1. Did any thinker before Democritus argue for the existence of female 'seed'? Appendix 2. Women and men as grammatical subjects of tau kappatauomega.
Additional Strategies for Effective Teaching in the Economics Discipline

The purpose of this article is to present new teaching strategies to enhance student learning in undergraduate economics courses by addressing important pedagogical concerns raised in the economic education literature. The strategies presented fill in voids in the current state of economic pedagogy. They include improving instructor preparation, enabling students to understand more clearly the nexus between economic theory and quantitative methods, and how they are employed to help solve real-world economic problems, boosting students' confidence levels, and providing students with a greater ability to derive personal benefits by applying economics principles to their life experiences. Consequently, students will appreciate to a greater extent the relevance and importance of the economics discipline.
Expanded transposition flap technique for total and subtotal resurfacing of the face and neck.

Background: The reconstruction of major burn and other deformities resulting from significant soft tissue deficits of the face and neck is a continuing challenge for surgeons who wish to reliably restore facial function and aesthetic appearance. A primary problem is deficiency of well-matched donor skin. Other problems include the unique characteristics of facial skin, the fine anatomic nuances, and the unique functional demands placed on the face. This article describes an expanded shoulder transposition flap that can provide a large amount of both flap and full-thickness skin graft for total and subtotal reconstruction of the face. Methods: An expanded shoulder transposition flap has been used since 1986 for head and neck resurfacing 58 times in 41 patients ranging in age from 2 to 62 years. The details of the technique and the results of the flap including complications are described. Results: The flap proved remarkably reliable and reproducible in resurfacing the peripheral facial aesthetic units. The pedicle skin is often used for grafting of the central face with its finer features. The donor site of the flap is closed primarily. Conclusions: Twenty years' experience with expanded transposition flaps has shown it to be reliable and versatile in the reconstruction of major soft tissue deficits of the face and neck. It is a technique that provides economy of tissue, versatility, and is well within the skill, patience, and courage of most reconstructive surgeons.
Low‐density caveolae‐like membrane from Xenopus laevis oocytes is enriched in Ras

Detergent-free discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation was used to resolve low- and high-density membrane fractions from Xenopus laevis oocytes. Compared to high-density membrane, low-density oocyte membrane is enriched two-fold in cholesterol and highly enriched in ganglioside GM1. Protein immunoblotting of membrane fractions from whole cells with polyclonal anti-human caveolin antibody detected multiple bands, including a distinctive triad with apparent molecular weights of 21, 33, and 48 kDa. To more clearly determine which of these caveolin-like protein(s) is associated with the oocyte plasma membrane, microdissection was used to separate external membrane (cortical preparations containing plasma membrane) from intracellular membrane. Cortical membrane preparations displayed a single 21-kDa caveolin-like protein in low-density membrane. Internal oocyte membrane displayed the higher molecular weight bands of 33 and 48 kDa and a lesser amount of the 21-kDa protein in low-density membrane fractions. Monoclonal anti-human Ras antibody detected a single 23-kDa immunoblot band that is enriched an average of eight-fold in low-density membrane fractions prepared from whole cells. This is the first report of caveolin-associated, low-density membrane in amphibian oocytes, and is consistent with a role for caveolin and caveolae-like microdomains in oocyte signal transduction. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Progressive Service Approach for Women on Welfare

The Family Development Project builds on existing community resources and individualized service programs and draws on the feminist principles of empowerment and process to help female-headed welfare families achieve economic independence.
Changes in chemical and isotopic signatures of plant materials during degradation: Implication for assessing various organic inputs in estuarine systems

[1] To evaluate applicability of the end-member mixing model in assessment of input and transport of organic carbon in estuarine systems, we incubated marine diatom, land grass, and salt marsh plant in Altamaha estuarine water for two months. Chemical and isotopic parameters (bulk organic carbon/nitrogen contents, lipid compositions, stable C/N isotopes, and lipid stable carbon isotopic ratios) were analyzed for fresh and degraded materials. The results showed that although the C/N and δ15N ratios of three materials varied similarly during degradation, the bulk δ13C, lipid compositions, and lipid stable carbon isotopic compositions varied differently from material to material and from compound to compound, implying that applications of the end-member model should consider the diagenetic status of organic materials and the potential changes in chemical and isotopic signatures.
Some cardiovascular and fluid change effects of intravenously administered diphtheria toxin in dogs.

Abstract Injection of sublethal doses of diphtheria toxin in dogs resulted in the following changes: (1) a significant decrease of extracellular fluid volume and an increase of intracellular fluid volume, as demonstrated both by tracer dilution methods and by muscle biopsy methods; (2) an increase of intracellular sodium in muscle; (3) a fall in cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and stroke volume, while heart rate and right atrial pressures tended to increase; and (4) a marked fall in glomerular filtration rate.
Scenedesmus obliquus Sexuality.

The flagellated cells of two mixed strains of Scenedesmus obliquus can initiate a sexual cycle when grown at 15°C in a defined medium lacking a nitrogen source. Clumps of five to ten cells, paired gametes, plasmogamy, and quadriflagellated zygotes were observed.
High-speed full-spectrum fiber Bragg gratings interrogator system and testing

This paper presents a high repetition rate fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogation system that is able to capture the entire reflection spectrum at a rate of up to 300 kHz. The system uses a high speed MEMS based tunable optical filter that is driven with a sinusoidal voltage. The time varying FBG reflection spectrum in transmitted through the tunable filter. The time varying signal is then mapped into time varying reflection spectra. This interrogation system is used during two dynamic strain tests, in which the reflection spectra are measured at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The first test is the impact of a woven carbon composite and the second test is on an electromagnetic railgun.
Using the balanced scorecard to characterize benefits of integration in the safety net.

The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive framework depicting the potential benefits of integration among health-care providers that serve vulnerable populations. Research teams interviewed participants in 12 integrated functions across seven community health-centre-led networks. Functions included clinical processes; managed care contracting; and administrative services such as human resources, finance, and information systems. Using a Balanced Scorecard framework, benefits were identified across financial, customer, internal business, and learning and growth perspectives. Financial benefits were more frequently cited relative to managed care and administrative functions than relative to clinical functions. Clinical functions were frequently characterized by perceived improvements in patient care quality, while managed-care functions appeared to yield most benefits in access. Administrative functions were most often associated with improvements in internal business operations. There were s...
Spectrographic Determination of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Rare Earths in Thorium

A spectrographic procedure for the determination of scandium, yttrium, and the rare earths in thorium is described. These elements were separated from thorium dissolved in nitric acid using Dowex 1 anion resin and subsequently analyzed by the Copper Spark Method. Quantitative recoveries of known amounts added to thorium were obtained for Sc, Y, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb. The values for lanthanum averaged about 90% of the amount added.
Larger, Higher, Farther North … Geographical Metanarratives of the Nation in Russia

A noted specialist on nationalism and identity issues in Russia and Central Asia reviews three of the main geographical metanarratives circulating in contemporary Russia. These are teleological master ideas that seek to explain Russia's essence and place in the world as a function of its territorial size and location. All of them argue that a specific element gives Russia its uniqueness among nations: Russia's territory is larger than other countries in the world and forms a specific continent (Eurasianism); Russia is going higher in the universe (Cosmism); and Russia is going farther north (Arctism). The author proceeds to discuss each metanarrative in turn before outlining their similarities in the concluding section of the paper. These similarities include the shared backgrounds of their leading proponents, their basis in public resentment over perceived slights and injustices of the past, and a conviction that Russia's size and location promise a brighter future. More broadly, she argues that each met...
Models and applications of multimedia, hypermedia, and intellimedia integration with expert systems

Abstract As is widely recognized, information in a variety of media forms (text, data, graphics, still images, animation, full-motion video, speech, and nonspeech audio) is expanding at an accelerated rate. It is also recognized that present methods of information processing are not adequate to cope with either this glut or with increasing user needs. New designs and synergistic methods of intelligent interactive information management are needed, including the integration of expert systems (ES) with various media forms. This article explores the integration of ES with multimedia, hypermedia, and intellimedia—the latter being an advanced intelligent media concept identified by the author. Furthermore, it describes and discusses integration models, application domains, emerging integrated applications, and research issues.
Composite lymphoma of mycosis fungoides and cutaneous small B-cell lymphoma in a 73-year-old male patient

Composite lymphoma of T-cell and B-cell type is uncommon, and the one occurring primarily on skin is extremely rare. Herein, we report a unique case of composite lymphoma of mycosis fungoides and cutaneous small B-cell lymphoma in a 73-year-old male patient. The patient presented with multiple erythematous patches, plaques, and nodules on the upper arms, scalp, and trunk. Four punch biopsies of arm and scalp lesions demonstrated lymphoid infiltrate in superficial to deep dermis with a characteristic zone distribution of T-cell and B-cell components. T cells were distributed in papillary and perifollicular dermis and displayed a larger size with convoluted nuclei, whereas B cells were small sized, assuming nodular infiltrate in mid-deep dermis with coexpression of CD5. Molecular test detected clonal rearrangement of both TCRG and IGH/K genes with identical amplicons for each gene in all 4 biopsies. Clinical staging revealed no extracutaneous lesions. A multidisplinary approach is emphasized to establish a definitive diagnosis.
SINGULAR PERTURBATIONS OF INTEGRAL EQUATIONS WITH DEGENERATE KERNELS

Singularly perturbed Fredholm equations of the second kind are investigated. The kernels are allowed to have a jump discontinuity which vanishes at a point along the diagonal. Sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of sohtions are found and the behavior of the solutions is studied.
Forest patches and the upward migration of timberline in the southern Peruvian Andes

Abstract Montane plant species around the globe are predicted to shift their distributions upslope in response to increasing temperatures associated with climate change. In the tropical Andes, which are one of the most diverse and threatened of all biodiversity hotspots, many plant and animal species have already started to shift their distributions to higher elevations in response to warming. However, a variety of biotic and abiotic factors may stabilize Andean timberlines and halt further upslope migrations into the high elevation grasslands (referred to as “puna” in southern Peru) above the forest. One possibility is that small forest patches that occur above-timberline throughout the Andes may facilitate forest expansion into newly suitable areas in the puna, yet little is known about the ecology or function of these patches. In this study, we examined seedling recruitment patterns, seed dispersal, and microclimate at the timberline, in and around above-timberline forest patches, and in the puna. The above-timberline forest patches had similar patterns of seed dispersal as the timberline but overal