cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concluding Remarks: Where do We go from Here?

Kurt Benirschke has kindly assigned me the task of summarizing this five day meeting. Rising to the occasion, one is perhaps expected to praise the impressive accomplishments of the past ten years reported on at this meeting. It so happens that I believe self-criticism to be more beneficial than mutual admiration. My brief talk is entitled “Where Do We Go from Here?”
Abstract 1848: The role of PDK1 in metabolic reprogramming of mesenchymal glioblastoma

Despite multimodal therapy and ever-improving surgical technique, glioblastoma (GBM) maintains its poor prognosis due to the chemotherapeutic resistance it builds over time, eventually rendering existing agents ineffective. A well-characterized phenomenon that takes place particularly in mesenchymal GBM tissue is the Warburg Effect, characterized by a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis as a primary means to derive energy. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1 (PDK1) is one upregulated molecule in this shift toward anaerobic metabolism that is known for phosphorylating pyruvate dehydrogenase, the “gate keeper” of the TCA cycle. We sought to characterize further the role of PDK1 in terms of its metabolic role and any extra-metabolic functions it may serve. By silencing PDK1 and considering changes in downstream expression, we hope to understand what other factors serve as contributors to metabolic alterations seen in GBM. Elucidating the mechanism of this crucial shift more thoroughly, especially without the prominently cited role of PDK1, can begin to expose new targets for interrupting tumor maintenance and proliferation by affecting its metabolism. In this study we used differential expression of two vectors in which PDK1 was silenced, shPDK1 and SCBT-PDK1. GSEA analysis was done and analyzed to identify classes of genes or proteins that are over-represented and to identify significantly enriched or depleted groups of targets whose expression was vastly changed by silencing of PDK1. Using GSEA heat map data, gene targets whose expression was noted to be consistently changed with silencing of PKD1 targets were identified. Datamining and immunoblot analyses were then conducted to evaluate for expression of these genes in correlating GBM specimens. Ultimately, we further characterize PDK1’s global role in GBM and evaluate non-metabolic effects of PDK1 that may still affect survival and proliferation of GBM tumors. Citation Format: Neha Jain, Maheedhara Guda, Collin Labak, Chase Smith, Simon Park, Andrew Tsung, Kiran Velpula. The role of PDK1 in metabolic reprogramming of mesenchymal glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1848.
The association between perceived discrimination in midlife and peripheral neuropathy in a population-based cohort of women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Abstract Purpose Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a highly prevalent condition with serious sequelae. Many studies of the condition have been restricted to populations with diabetes, limiting evidence of potential contributing risk factors including salient psychosocial risk factors such as discrimination. Methods The longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation was used to assess the relationship between perceived discrimination and prevalent PN in 1718 ethnically diverse midlife women. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between perceived discrimination (Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale) and PN (symptom questionnaire and monofilament testing) and conducted an assessment of the mediating effects of body mass index (BMI). Results The prevalence of PN was 26.1% in the total sample and 40.9% among women with diabetes. Women who reported perceived discrimination had 29% higher odds of PN compared with women who did not report perceived discrimination (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.66). Approximately 30% of the total effect of discrimination on PN was mediated indirectly by BMI. Conclusions More research is needed to determine the contributing factors to nondiabetic PN. Our findings reaffirm the impact of financial strain, BMI, and diabetes as significant correlates of PN and highlight discrimination as an important risk factor.
Tracking Experiments with ChevBot: A Laser-Actuated Stick-Slip Microrobot

The idea of utilizing laser energy to actuate and control microrobots has been envisioned for several past decades and has already been demonstrated in liquid environments. ChevBot is a novel microrobot driven by laser energy that targets operation in dry environments, such as in a future microfactory. The microrobot operates using stick-slip locomotion by converting opto-thermal energy from a focused laser source into mechanical energy using “chevron-style” actuators. ChevBot's body components are fabricated using Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) technology and completed using a microassembly process. In this paper, we present modeling and simulation results, validated by experimentation measuring the robot's locomotion performance under varying conditions. The microrobot is automatically tracked through a visual servoing scheme using a microscope, a 3-DOF positioning system, and is powered by a 532nm 2W ND-YAG laser source. Experiments suggest that ChevBot velocities in excess of 100µm/s are achievable.
Improving Feedback on GitHub Pull Requests: A Bots Approach

Rising enrollments make it difficult for instructors and teaching assistants to give adequate feedback on each student’s work. Our course projects require students to submit GitHub pull requests as deliverables for their open-source software (OSS) projects. We have set up a static code analyzer and a continuous integration service on GitHub to help students check different aspects of the code. However, these tools have some limitations. In this paper, we discuss how we bypass the limitations of existing tools by implementing three Internet bots. These bots are either open source or free for OSS projects and can be easily integrated with any GitHub repositories. One-hundred one Computer Science and Computer Engineering masters students participated in our study. The survey results showed that more than 84% of students thought bots can help them to contribute code with better quality. We analyzed 396 pull requests. Results revealed that bots can provide more timely feedback than teaching staff. The Danger Bot is associated with a significant reduction system-specific guideline violations (by 39%), and the Code Climate Bot is associated with a significant 60% decrease of code smells in student contributions. However, we found that the Travis CI Bot did not help student contributions pass automated tests.
Design of ArmBot: A Self-Reconfigurable Robot Module with Electromechanical Connectors

Modules are the basic components of modular self-reconfigurable robots. This paper presents a hybrid self-reconfigurable robot module named ArmBot. It consists of three rotary joints, two hermaphrodite electromechanical connectors and four passive connection surfaces, which enable it to have flexible self-reconfiguration movements. The electromechanical connectors of ArmBot can realize connections with active or passive connection surfaces at any 90° interval orientation to transmit power, communicate and detect relative orientation to other modules through electrical interfaces. Four basic self-reconfiguration motions of ArmBot were illustrated. The prototype of ArmBot was implemented and two typical self-reconfiguration motion experiments were conducted to verify its performance.
The Potential Protective Effects of Statins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Case–Control Study

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine the potential protective effect of prior statin use on the subsequent diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, case-control. METHODS Electronic medical records for all patients seen in the otolaryngology clinic in 2019 and receiving a diagnosis of CRS were reviewed for the presence or absence of active prior statin use within 365 days of the visit. Similarly, prior statin use in a control group of patients without any diagnosis of CRS was also determined. Statin exposure in CRS patients was compared to statin exposure in control patients with 1:2 matching on age and sex with chi-square and odds ratios were computed. RESULTS In 2019, 3655 patients (mean age, 52.9 years, 56.4% female) were identified with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis versus 41,636 patients without any diagnosis of CRS. All chronic rhinosinusitis patients were successfully matched to 7310 controls. 6.3% of CRS patients (229 patients) had prior statin use, versus 8.5% (624 patients) of control patients. The average mean duration of statin use prior to visit was not significantly different between CRS and control patients (mean days, 202.3 days versus 205.6 days, respectively; P = .697). The presence of a statin medication in use was associated with a significant protective effect against a subsequent diagnosis of CRS with and odds ratio for CRS diagnosis of 0.716 (95% confidence interval, 0.612-0.838) in those patients taking a statin medication (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The use of a statin medication was associated with a significant reduction in subsequent diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1431-E1433, 2021.
What we learned from the AABP human resource management survey

Veterinary practices are small businesses, and subject to the same challenges that other small businesses face. As the business grows it becomes necessary to add personnel, both professionals and support staff, to serve customers and support a host of other necessary tasks. Veterinarians have identified human resource management (HRM) as an important need for growing practices. Ideally, better HRM will help veterinary practices achieve several important outcomes, such as customer satisfaction, high employee performance, strong business results, employee fulfillment, and minimal employee turnover. This presentation reports on results of the AABP human resources management survey
Yuan Longping (1930-2021).

When Mr Yuan Longping passed away on 22 May 2021 at the age of 91, in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, the field of agricultural science lost a true giant. Mr Yuan was one of the greatest agricultural scientists of our time, and a hero who will be forever remembered in China and around the world. He devoted his entire life to the research of hybrid rice and made great contributions to global food security and poverty alleviation.
Measuring Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Induction and Lesion Progression Within Two Intermediately Susceptible Species, Montastraea cavernosa and Orbicella faveolata

During the last several decades, Florida’s Coral Reef (FCR) has been impacted by both global and local stressors that have devastated much of its living coral cover. Additionally, since 2014 FCR has experienced a lethal disease outbreak termed stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD). Here, we examined SCTLD spreading dynamics within and among fragmented coral colonies and quantified lesion progression rate of two intermediately susceptible species—Montastraea cavernosa and Orbicella faveolata—through induction experiments conducted in laboratory aquaria. Montastraea cavernosa colonies showing subacute tissue loss were sequentially fragmented parallel to the lesion edge to determine whether isolated tissue that showed no tissue-loss signs, referred to as isolated apparently healthy (AH) donor fragments, would subsequently exhibit tissue loss. Additionally, AH M. cavernosa and O. faveolata fragments, referred to as recipient fragments, were placed in direct contact with the M. cavernosa donor fragments to assess incidence of new tissue-loss lesions. Finally, AH M. cavernosa donor fragments were placed in direct contact with recipient M. cavernosa and O. faveolata fragments to account for aggression from direct contact. Samples were collected for histopathology of the corals through time. Many isolated AH donor fragments developed tissue-loss lesions during the 60-day study, suggesting SCTLD may be systemic within small-sized colonies. Our results confirmed that physical contact between recipient fragments and subacute SCTLD-lesioned tissue often led to tissue loss in recipient fragments. None of the control recipient or donor fragments experienced tissue loss. Grossly, multifocal lesions started on or adjacent to the septal and costal basal body walls with tissue loss progressing across the polyp septa and coenenchyme, respectively, in both species. Histologically, initial tissue-loss lesions in both species exhibited characteristic lytic necrosis (LN) at the basal body wall of the gastrodermis. Orbicella faveolata exhibited higher rates of lesion appearance and subsequent mortality compared to M. cavernosa, but once a lesion appeared, M. cavernosa lost tissue faster than O. faveolata. This work contributes to the growing knowledge of SCTLD dynamics and highlights the differences in lesion progression within susceptible species.
Local Recurrence is Frequent After Heroic Mastectomy for Classically Inoperable Breast Cancers.

Despite advances in neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), some patients with aggressive T4 breast cancers do not respond. The efficacy of ‘heroic’ mastectomy in maintaining local control is unclear. In consecutive patients with primary or recurrent T4 cancers with < 50% shrinkage on NST who underwent mastectomy from 2007 to 2017, clinicopathologic characteristics and locoregional recurrence (LRR) were examined. Among 104 patients, 59 (57%) had primary T4M0, 12 (12%) had locally recurrent T4M0, and 33 (32%) had T4M1 disease. Median age was 58.5 years and the majority had high-grade (74%) ductal cancers (85%); 45 (44%) were estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+/HER2−), 26 (25%) were HER2 positive (HER2+), and 31 (30%) were triple negative (TN). Postoperative complications developed in 41 (39%) patients. At a median follow-up of 37 months, 42 (40%) patients developed LRR. TN (hazard ratio [HR] 7.5) and HER2+ (HR 2.67) subtypes, lymphovascular invasion (LVI; HR 3.80), and positive margins (HR 4.09) were predictive of LRR. The 3-year LRR rate was highest and overall survival (OS) was lowest among patients with TN cancers, at 66% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48–83%) and 30% (95% CI 14–47%), respectively. After heroic mastectomy, postoperative complications were frequent and LRR occurred in 40% of patients despite a median OS of 3.8 years. Among TN patients, the 3-year LRR rate of 66% and 3-year OS of 30% suggest limited surgery benefit. Careful patient selection is prudent when considering heroic mastectomy.
A Longitudinal Study of the Required Skills of Project Managers

There is no formula for finding the right project manager in today’s dynamic project and organizational contexts. While some research has investigated and identified various skills and competencies project managers should demonstrate, less is known about the structure of project manager skills and competencies needed to fit the changing project environment and the impact of industry type on such structures. The objective of this research is to explore how the emphasis of organizations in selecting project managers shifts over time and how it differs with industry type. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide insight into the prevailing state of project manager selection.
DNA synthesis in 5-bromouracil tolerant HeLa cells: An autoradiographic study

Abstract BU-tolerant HeLa cells have been isolated. These cells contained a substantial amount of 5-bromouracil (BU) in their DNA and had a generation time approximately twice as long as that of normal HeLa cells. Two explanations for the increased genertion time were considered: (1) the incorporation of BU results in the accumulation of mutations causing either a decrease in the growth rate of the cells or the death of a proportion of the cells at each generation, and (2) the presence of BU per se might perturb the cell cycle. It was found that mutagenic effects of BU were not the cause of the increased generation time. On the basis of this information, quantitative autoradiography following the uptake of 3H-TdR into the cell nucleus was used to investigate the life cycle of the BU-tolerant cells. The results showed that BU perturbs the cell cycle by causing a nearly three-fold increase in the length of the S period, but has little or no effect on the other parts of the cycle. The implication of this finding is discussed.
Evaluation of therapeutic measures for treating endophthalmitis caused by isogenic toxin-producing and toxin-nonproducing Enterococcus faecalis strains.

Purpose. Management of endophthalmitis typically'includes antibiotic combinations to arrest bacterial growth and antiinflammatory agents to limit inflammatory damage to sensitive tissues. Little research has been reported that systematically evaluates the contribution of each therapeutic component for treating infections caused by organisms of varying virulence. The authors determined the relative value of the antiinflammatory corticosteroid, dexamethasone, as an intravitreal therapeutic adjunct for the treatment of infection caused by either Enterococcus faecalis expressing a cytolytic toxin previously shown to contribute to the course and severity of infection, or an otherwise identical strain of E. faecalis specifically attenuated in expression of the cytolytic toxin, Methods. Endophthalmitis in rabbits was monitored using electroretinography(ERG). Eyes were infected with 100 colony forming units of either the cytolytic or the noncytolytic E, faecalis strain. Intravitreal ampicillin and gentamicin were administered at postinfection day 1, and intravitreal dexamethasone was either omitted or administered at day -1, 1, or 1.5. Results. ERG B-wave amplitude declined precipitously throughout the course of infection with cytolytic toxin-producing E. faecalis, despite the administration of antibiotics and regardless of the time of dexamethasone administration. In fact, the ultimate course of infection caused by cytolytic E. faecalis did not differ from the course in untreated controls. In contrast, infections caused by specifically attenuated, noncytolytic strains of E. faecalis responded well to antibiotics augmented by antiinflammatory therapy' when the latter was administered either 1 or 1.1 days after the initiation of infection. In these cases, no loss in ERG B-wave response was observed. Conclusions. These results underscore the importance of bacterial toxins in infectious diseases of the eye and their contribution to treatment failures. These results further suggest that in cases of endophthalmitis caused by toxin producing bacteria, significant improvement in clinical outcome will require specific therapeutic targeting of the toxins involved
Probable drug-drug interaction leading to serotonin syndrome in a patient treated with concomitant buspirone and linezolid in the setting of therapeutic hypothermia.

Summary What is known and objective: Serotonin syndrome can be a rare but life-threatening condition that is commonly the result of a drug–drug interaction causing excessive serotonin activity. The symptoms associated with serotonin syndrome can include hyperthermia, mental status changes, autonomic hyperactivity and neuromuscular abnormalities, all of which can be concealed in the critically ill patient owing to concomitant therapies. The objective of this case report is to describe a probable drug–drug interaction between buspirone and linezolid, and to highlight the potential confounding effects of hypothermia in this case. Case summary: We present a case of a 28-year-old man who potentially developed serotonin syndrome after coadministration of buspirone and linezolid while being therapeutically cooled for traumatic brain injury. The patient developed hyperthermia, hypertension and tachycardia when buspirone and linezolid were administered concomitantly for 2 days. Symptoms resolved within 24 h after discontinuation of both medications. What is new and conclusions: Caution should be used in patients receiving multiple serotonergic agents in addition to therapeutic hypothermia. The use of therapeutic hypothermia may mask the symptoms associated with serotonin syndrome, thus delaying the diagnosis and treatment of this potentially deadly condition. If a patient requires the combination of such medications, close monitoring for the symptoms of serotonin syndrome is warranted.
Climate Change - The New 'Superwhale' in the Room: International Whaling and Climate Change Policies - Too Much in Common?

This Article explores parallels between the development of the international whaling and climate change regimes. It argues that the experiences of the International Whaling Commission (“IWC”) provide an instructive parable to the evolution and development of international environmental law regimes, where successful policies depend heavily on the interplay between science and policy—namely, global climate change. The Article aims to demonstrate the similarities between the historic path of whaling politics and the present path of international climate change politics, with particular reference to the political interpretation of science. This Article argues that international climate change policymaking is following too closely in the footsteps of the IWC and that, in order to avoid a similar collapse of the commons, the politics of climate change must change course.
A Novel Reverse Rerouting Mechanism in Mobile Wireless Internet

In this paper, based on the analysis of existing partial and complete rerouting mechanisms, a novel reverse rerouting mechanism in mobile wireless Internet is presented, taking the characteristics of handover into account. It integrates a reverse rerouting algorithm with the resource handover and reservation mechanisms. Simulation results have shown that the signaling overhead for handover gets effective control, high resource utilization is achieved, and QoS (Quality of Service) guarantees are provided to mobile users to certain degree.
Cryogenic operation of p-i-n power rectifiers

Detailed measurements and modeling results for 1200-V p-i-n diodes over the temperature range 300-77 K are presented. At typical rated current levels, the forward voltage drop increases with a decrease in temperature. Analysis and measurements show that there is an order-of-magnitude reduction in the i-region stored charge from 300 to 77 K. This results in greatly reduced switching losses at 77 K. An analytical model including end region recombination with bandgap narrowing is presented to explain the experimental observations. >
Low dietary zinc decreases erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activities and impairs cardiorespiratory function in men during exercise

Background: The role of zinc in promoting physiologic function during exercise is not well understood. Although some zinc-containing enzymes are postulated to regulate energy expenditure, data are limited on the effect of restricted dietary zinc on metabolic responses during exercise. Objective: This study determined the effects of low zinc intake on carbonic anhydrase activity in red blood cells (RBCs) and cardiorespiratory function during exercise. Design: In this double-blind, randomized crossover study, 14 men aged 20-31 y were fed low-zinc and supplemented (3.8 and 18.7 mg/d) diets made up of Western foods for 9-wk periods with a 6-wk washout. Peak work capacity, determined by using a cycle ergometer and a graded, progressive protocol, and a prolonged submaximal test (70% peak intensity for 45 min) were administered during the second and ninth weeks of each diet period. Results: Dietary zinc did not affect hemoglobin or hematocrit. Low dietary zinc resulted in lower (P < 0.05) serum and erythrocyte zinc concentrations, zinc retention, and total carbonic anhydrase and isoform activities in RBCs. Peak oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, and respiratory exchange ratio were lower (P < 0.05), and ventilatory equivalents for metabolic responses during exercise were greater (P < 0.05), with low than with supplemental zinc intake. Similar functional responses were observed during prolonged, submaximal exercise. Conclusion: These findings indicate that low dietary zinc is associated with significant reductions in zinc status, including RBC carbonic anhydrase activities, and impaired metabolic responses during exercise.
Do Resource Windfalls Improve the Standard of Living in Sub-Saharan African Countries? Evidence from a Panel of Countries

We examine the impact of resource windfall on the standard of living both in the short-run and long-run, using a sample of 130 countries, 1963-2007. Then, we systematically investigate the effect of resource windfall on welfare in three different groups of countries: We find that in the short-run resource windfall is welfare enhancing in the whole sample, especially via increases in income and decreases in inequality. However, in SSA countries, the size of welfare improvement is small and it is smaller and almost zero after one year in fragile Sub-Saharan Arican (SSA) countries. In the whole sample, a resource windfall shock leads to significant welfare growth even in the long-run, but we couldn’t find any significant long-run effect of resource windfall in SSA countries.
Necrotizing fasciitis due to Serratia marcescens: case report and review of the literature

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe, life-threatening infection. Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative bacterium, is an extremely rare cause of necrotizing fasciitis. A case of S. marcescens necrotizing fasciitis is described, and a comprehensive review of the literature (1966-2015) of monomicrobial cases due to this organism performed. We report the first case of S. marcescens necrotizing fasciitis in the setting of calciphylaxis associated with end-stage renal disease. A comprehensive review of the literature of S. marcescens necrotizing fasciitis is provided to enhance the awareness of this increasingly recognized infection, and to provide a concise summary of risk factors, treatment, and outcome. Our case and review highlight the potential risk factors for S. marcescens necrotizing fasciitis, including underlying renal disease and open wounds, and demonstrate the emergence of this organism as a cause of severe, life-threatening soft tissue infections.
Alternative Approaches to Compensation and Producer Rights

When policies are changed, it is not uncommon for losers to be compensated. Economic theory and quantitative analysis are useful in determining the efficiency gains/losses associated with a policy change, but are little help in deciding what the approach to compensation should be. The amount of compensation varies, depending on, in part, the political clout of the parties being negatively affected by a policy change—compensation is what politicians and the sector demanding compensation can agree on. We formulate four approaches to producer compensation within the context of the Ontario Tobacco Transition Program, where producers would have suffered losses in the absence of compensation. The approaches range from providing zero compensation to providing compensation based on the entire value of the tobacco quota. The Canadian government chose the latter and compensated producers for the termination of the tobacco quota program based on an approach that far exceeded other possible compensation approaches. Lorsque les politiques sont modifies, il n'est pas rare pour les perdants a etre indemnises. La theorie economique et l'analyse quantitative sont utiles pour determiner les gains d'efficacite / pertes lies a un changement de politique, mais sont peu d'aide pour decider ce que l' approche de la remuneration devrait etre. Le montant de l'indemnite varie en fonction, en partie, le poids politique des partis etant affectee par un changement de remuneration de la politique est ce que les politiciens et la remuneration dans le secteur exigeant peuvent s'entendre. Nous formulons quatre approches de la remuneration des producteurs dans le cadre du Programme de transition tabac de l'Ontario ou les producteurs ont subi des pertes en l'absence de compensation. Les approches vont de la fourniture de compensation du zero a l'indemnisation sur la base de la valeur totale du quota de tabac. Le gouvernement canadien a choisi d'indemniser les producteurs pour la fin du programme de quotas de tabac basee sur une approche qui depasse de loin les autres approches de remuneration possibles. Surtout, l'efficacite n'est pas affectee par l'approche de compensation.
Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that involves the mediastinum and is considered to arise from B-cells in the thymic medulla. This definition is therefore primarily clinicopathologic, and distinguishing PMBL from systemic DLBCL involving mediastinal lymph nodes is based on absence of systemic disease (eg, bone marrow involvement or involved lymph nodes beyond the cervical or supraclavicular regions).
Modulation of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by β-endorphin

Abstract The effect of the opiate peptide, β-endorphin (β-END), on the autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction was examined. Physiologic concentrations of β-END augmented proliferation of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) but the allogeneic MLR was not altered. Alpha-endorphin (α-END) was ineffective. Pre-incubation of the stimulator subset (i.e., B cells and macrophages) with 10 −8 M β-END followed by addition to AMLR culture without additional opiate peptide did not produce augmentation. The β-END-induced augmentation of the AMLR was partially inhibited by the opiate antagonist naloxone. β-END augmentation was not due to increased secretion of interleukin-2. When prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) was added to AMLR cultures wherein the stimulator cell fraction was vigorously depleted of adherent cells, suppression was observed which could be reversed by the addition of β-END (10 −8 M). The potential mechanisms producing the increased proliferative response during the AMLR are discussed.
A stochastic geometry approach for outage analysis of ad hoc SISO networks in Rayleigh fading

In this paper, a closed-form expression for the outage probability of an ad hoc single-input single-output (SISO) network is derived when the network is subject to Rayleigh fading and arbitrary path loss model. The underlying stochastic geometry of the network assumes a simple point process in which a single node is placed randomly in a square region. A closed-form expression of the distribution of the distance between a pair of nodes is derived. This expression is then generalized for positive powers to incorporate the path loss exponent. Moment matching is used to make the model analytically tractable. It is shown that the distribution of the distance is well approximated by the Weibull distribution with the scale parameter depending on the size of the network and a constant shape parameter. The coverage and outage behaviors of the network for various network sizes and path loss exponents are quantified. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical models.
Congenital megacalyces presenting as neonatal hydronephrosis.

An 8-year-old boy presented with a history of congenital hydronephrosis. The postnatal sonogram showed an enlarged right kidney with cortical thinning and markedly dilated calyces without associated pelviectasis (Fig. 1). Intravenous pyelogram confirmed the marked right calyceal dilatation. The pelvis and ureters were normal and there was no evidence of obstruction, with prompt and fairly symmetric opacification of the upper collecting systems (Fig. 2). Fig. 1 US image of the right kidney Fig. 2 Intravenous pyelogram Congenital megacalyces is a rare cause of renal medullary dysplasia. The dilated calyces appear faceted and polygonal in contrast to the ballooned and spherical calyces of obstructive hydronephrosis. This condition is benign and nonprogressive, with near-normal renal function. The key to distinguishing this is that the pelvis and ureter appear normal without evidence of obstruction. It is important to differentiate this rare condition from the more common obstructive hydronephrosis to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.
Film, Fame, and Public Memory: Egyptian Biopics From Mustafa Kamil to Nasser 56

Three years ago, the film Nasser 56 (1996), from Muhammad Fadil, a dramatic reenactment of the Suez crisis, set unprecedented attendance records in Egypt. Opening at the end of another disappointing year marked by a steady decline in studio film production and a dearth of high-quality offerings—and held back from public screening a full year by wavering government support—the film breathed new life into the movie industry and precipitated a national discussion about the legacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser. The film has come and gone from Cairo theaters (although screenings abroad continue), but Nasser 56 will remain a historic film. In dramatic fashion, it broke a long-accepted taboo against cinematic depiction of modern political leaders. It is also the first serious attempt at film biography by an Egyptian filmmaker in thirty years.
Colostrum Management for Dairy Calves

Colostrum management is the single most important management factor in determining calf health and survival. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of North American dairy calves suffer from failure of passive transfer of antibodies from colostrum, contributing to excessively high preweaning mortality rates and other short- and long-term losses associated with animal health, welfare, and productivity. A successful colostrum management program requires producers to consistently provide calves with a sufficient volume of clean, high-quality colostrum within the first few hours of life. This article reviews the process of colostrogenesis and discusses important components of colostrum. The key components of delivering and monitoring a successful colostrum management program are discussed.
The role of leaf litter macroinvertebrates in stream-floodplain dynamics

The floodplain has been viewed as a transitional system or ecotone between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This research has evaluated the role of floodplain macroinvertebrates in the degradation of leaf litter in a Michigan woodland floodplain, and examined the interrelationships among floodplain-stream macroinvertebrates, microbial colonization and selected environmental factors. Although taxonomically different decomposer groups operate in both systems, their functional roles as leaf litter detritivores are basically the same. Leaf litter processing rates were compared and contrasted between the stream and adjacent floodplain using leaf packs and litter bags, respectively. In the stream, the major time period for detritus processing by invertebrates is in the fall and winter, while in the floodplain it is during the spring. Therefore, the sequence of events involved in processing are similar, yet the timing and rate of these events are strikingly different. An understanding of the significant ecological processes linking the stream and floodplain as complementary systems is discussed within the context of watershed management.
Contemporary acute care surgery percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement: an extreme bumper height and complications.

Background As the role of acute care surgery (ACS) becomes more prevalent, clinicians in this specialty will be placing more percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. In this contemporary series of ACS PEG procedures, we hypothesized that technical aspects of PEG tube placement may play an important role. Methods For our retrospective study, we queried our tertiary Level I trauma center's prospectively maintained ACS database for PEG tube placement. Our study period was from July 1, 2010, through June 30, 2012. We excluded patients who underwent "push" PEG placement, an outpatient PEG tube placement, or an open or laparoscopic gastrostomy tube operation. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors contributing to complications. Results During our 24-month study period, of 184 patients, 133 underwent "pull" PEG tube placement with sufficient data for analysis. The mean (SD) age was 56 (22) years; 66% were male. Overall, 33 (25%) experienced complications: 13 (10%) were major and 20 (15%) were minor complications. In our multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that an extreme bumper height ( 5 cm) (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.16) and upper aerodigestive tract malignancy as the operative indication (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.26) were significantly associated with complications. Conclusion Although pull PEG tube placement is typically a straightforward procedure, morbidity can be significant. Bumper height is an easily modifiable variable; obtaining the proper height for each patient could decrease complications after PEG tube placement. Level of evidence Therapeutic study, level IV.
Production of Divalent Thulium in CaO and Sr Cl 2

Sr${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ crystals doped with 0.5% Tm${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ were irradiated with either $^{60}\mathrm{Co}$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays or 1.7-meV electrons at room temperature. At 20 and 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and at 10 Gc/sec, the electron spin resonance of divalent thulium was observed in sites of cubic symmetry. The ground state is a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ doublet with $g=3.428\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001$ and ${A}^{169}=370.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The thulium appeared to remain in the divalent state for long periods of time at room temperature. Irradiation at either room temperature or 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K did not produce divalent thulium in Sr${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ crystals doped with ${\mathrm{Tm}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. CaO doped with 0.5% ${\mathrm{Tm}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ was irradiated at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with $^{60}\mathrm{Co}$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays or 1.7-meV electrons. The ESR of divalent thulium in sites with cubic symmetry was observed at 20 and 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and at 10 Gc/sec without an intervening warmup. The ground state is a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}$ doublet with $g=2.6155\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$ and ${A}^{169}=285.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. After warming to room temperature and returning to 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the thulium resonance signals were no longer observable, indicating that the thulium had reverted to the trivalent state between 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and room temperature. In both Sr${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ and CaO, the ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{2+}$ resonance was not observable at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Young Adolescents' Perceptions of the Link between Low Self-Worth and Depressed Affect:

Previous research has documented a substantial correlation between global self-worth and affect (cheerful to depressed). It has typically been asserted that the self-evaluative component causally precedes the experience of affect. Efforts of the authors have caused them to question this claim In addressing adolescents' experience of the directionality of self-worth and depressed affect, approximately 40% report that low self-worth precedes depressed affect, whereas 60% report that they first experience depressed affect followed by low self-worth. Those reporting the primacy of low self-worth cited causes involving dissatisfaction with the self, in contrast to those reporting the primacy of affect who described actions of others against the self Finally, the affects associated with depression differed for the two directionality groups. Those experiencing the primacy of affect reported more anger toward others, whereas those experiencing the primacy of self-worth reported more shame and guilt. Findings were...
Film Effectiveness Measurements on the Pressure Surface of a Transonic Airfoil

This paper presents steady-state film effectiveness measurements for two rows of compound-angle round holes on the pressure surface of a modern, highly cambered, transonic airfoil. A single-passage model was used to simulate the idealized two-dimensional flowpath between rotor blades in a modern transonic turbine. This setup offered a simpler construction than a linear cascade, yet produced an equivalent flow condition. Validated high-accuracy (±0.2°C) surface-temperature measurements were performed using wideband thermochromic liquid crystals, allowing direct measurement of the adiabatic cooled-wall temperature. The peak Mach number along the pressure surface was 1.5 and maximum turbulence intensity was 30%. To simulate the effect of temperature gradients on coolant behavior, carbon dioxide and air were used as the injectant. The data indicate that jet blowoff appears to occur at blowing rates that are significantly higher than previously observed. Furthermore, the data suggest that increasing injectant density only improves effectiveness when the coolant jets are attached to the surface. It was observed that at high turbulence levels, the attached coolant jets degrade faster and jet blowoff is suppressed as blowing rates are increased.
Addressing Anti-Indianism in the Mainstream Curriculum: A Partnership Model

How do you live in a time when most people believe you are dead—from a people of the past—and you feel you have been made allergic to your true roots? You do, you just do. −Geobe (2003, p. 55)
Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Spinach Photosystem I Entrapped and Stabilized in a Hybrid Organosilicate Glass

Photosystem I (PSI) is part of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants and algae. It is one of the naturally occurring molecular photovoltaic structures whose primary function is to convert solar energy into chemical energy. The immobilization and stabilization of this large transmembrane protein complex in a solvent-limited and optically clear organosilicate glass are reported. This was achieved by a modification of the sol-gel process whereby in the first instance the methanol formed during the hydrolysis of the alkoxide precursor was removed before adding the enzyme preparation. In the second instance, glycerol was used as a nonsurfactant templating agent. It was present at a final concentration of 50% (v/v) after the solvent removal process was completed. In addition to stabilizing PSI, it may also play an important structural role, as its omission results in opaque and brittle glasses. The PSI complexes retained their activity during the immobilization procedure and after 96% (w/w) of the solve...
Teaching the legislative process: An evaluation of classroom and library instruction and a legislative history exercise

Abstract When teaching the legislative process to students in a natural resources policy course at The Ohio State University, maximum learning took place when in-class instruction was supplemented by a library lecture and tour plus a legislative history assignment. It is concluded, therefore, that cooperative teaching by a classroom teacher and by a reference and government documents librarian resulted in significant benefits to learning.
Progressive Deformation of the Crust of Pulsars

It is shown that the crust of pulsars can deform in a gradual plastic manner in spite of its extreme density and strength. This deformation leads to stronger damping of pulsar rotation and to higher magnetic moments and also to rarer starquakes than calculated for a rigid crust.
Prescriptive measures for environmental performance: emission standards, overcompliance, and monitoring

This paper studies optimal regulation when a regulator can exploit two levers: traditional enforcement and certification. The objective is to demonstrate how regulation can be adapted by combining theory and empirical regularities in the existing literature. The key result is that a regulatory scheme that allows the regulator to exploit overcompliance certification as well as traditional enforcement can achieve substantively greater environmental performance: a firm now has clear incentives to overcomply, and the others have to improve environmental performance through more stringent optimal standards.
Embedded-TM: Energy and complexity-effective hardware transactional memory for embedded multicore systems

We investigate how transactional memory can be adapted for embedded systems. We consider energy consumption and complexity to be driving concerns in the design of these systems and therefore adapt simple hardware transactional memory (HTM) schemes in our architectural design. We propose several different cache structures and contention management schemes to support HTM and evaluate them in terms of energy, performance, and complexity. We find that ignoring energy considerations can lead to poor design choices, particularly for resource-constrained embedded platforms. We conclude that with the right balance of energy efficiency and simplicity, HTM will become an attractive choice for future embedded system designs.
Method for viscosity measurements at high pressure

The technique of quasielastic light scattering is utilized to determine the viscosity of fluids subjected to large hydrostatic pressures. In this method, a small concentration of insoluble polystyrene spheres of known diameter, 0.109 μm, is added to the fluid. The high-pressure cell in which the fluid is contained has three optical windows. The laser light scattered from the suspended spheres is analyzed to determine the diffusion coefficient of the spheres. Since, by the Stokes law, the viscosity of the fluid is determined from the measured diffusion coefficient and known particle radius r. A small correction is required for the contraction of the spheres and for refractive-index change of the water under pressure. Results on the viscosity of water at 25°C up to pressures of 2.5 kbar are reported and compared with published results. This method is applicable to lubricants and polymer solutions where the viscosity is many orders of magnitude greater than that of water.
6-Chloro-2,4-bis­(dimethyl­amino)-1,3,5-trimethyl­borazine

The borazine ring of the title mol­ecule, C7H21B3ClN5, shows a mild distortion from a planar to a flattened boat conformation. Steric effects due to the methyl and dimethyl­amine substituents appear to be the cause of this distortion.
Roll-separating force and minimum thickness of cold-rolled strips

Abstract This paper describes a theory for the prediction of roll-separating forces in cold rolling of strips. The theory is based on the concept that the process of plastic deformation in rolling may be approximated by that of plane-strain compression between parallel plates. Computed results based on this theory agree well with published experimental data on cold rolling of copper strips. A method for determining the coefficient of friction and the flow stress of materials for use in this theory is included. Also included is an analysis of the limiting conditions in cold rolling.