cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Law, Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Gap

Contents Preface Human Rights and Business at the Indeterminate Crossroads Robert Bird Part I: THE ROLE OF FIRMS IN RESPECTING HUMAN RIGHTS 1. "Respect" Human Rights: Concept and Convergence Radu Mares 2. Human rights reporting as self-interest: The integrative and expressive dimensions of corporate disclosure Stephen Kim Park 3. Human rights and a corporation's duty to combat corruption Norman Bishara & David Hess 4. The first amendment, compelled speech, and disclosure regulations Lucien J. Dhooge 5. A co-opetition approach to business, human rights organizations, and due diligence\ Janine S. Hiller & Shannon S. Hiller Part II THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF AFFECTED STAKEHOLDERS 6. Labor rights are human rights: Sustainability initiatives and trade policy Marisa Anne Pagnattaro 7. The human rights-related aspects of indigenous knowledge in the context of common law equitable doctrines and the Kiobel decision David Orozco, Kevin McGarry, & Lydie Pierre-Louis 8. Conflict minerals and polycentric governance of business and human rights Jamie Darin Prenkert 9. Feeding the world beyond 2050: A coordinated approach to preserving agricultural innovations and the human right to food Daniel R. Cahoy
DESIGN OF HARDWARE/ALGORITHMS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF DRIVER-VEHICLE PERFORMANCE IN INCLEMENT CONDITIONS USING A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

In this paper, the authors address the problem of developing appropriate mechanism to assist drivers in adverse road and weather conditions. A driving simulator is developed which regenerates visual cues to a driver for evaluating driver assistive technology. The authors describe its configuration and development and the data acquisition process. A representative scenario involving the simulator is presented.
Augmented Telemedicine Platform for Real-Time Remote Medical Consultation

Current telemedicine systems for remote medical consultation are based on decades old video-conferencing technology. Their primary role is to deliver video and voice communication between medical providers and to transmit vital signs of the patient. This technology, however, does not provide the expert physician with the same hands-on experience as when examining a patient in person. Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR and AR) on the other hand have the capacity to enhance the experience and communication between healthcare professionals in geographically distributed locations. By transmitting RGB+D video of the patient, the expert physician can interact with this real-time 3D representation in novel ways. Furthermore, the use of AR technology at the patient side has potential to improve communication by providing clear visual instructions to the caregiver. In this paper, we propose a framework for 3D real-time communication that combines interaction via VR and AR. We demonstrate the capabilities of our framework on a prototype system consisting of a depth camera, projector and 3D display. The system is used to analyze the network performance and data transmission quality of the multimodal streaming in a remote scenario.
Healthcare experiences of a Black lesbian in the United States

Little is known about the healthcare experiences of Black lesbian and bisexual women. This exploratory study examined the healthcare experiences of a 24-year-old Black lesbian and the interconnection between race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual identity in her lived experiences. Data were gathered through an in-depth audio-recorded interview. Findings revealed the risks of and barriers to self-disclosure in healthcare settings, factors that influence the quality of the patient-provider relationship, and the positive and negative healthcare experiences of this Black American lesbian. This study is an important first step in exploring the healthcare experiences of Black lesbian and bisexual women. The findings of this case study highlight themes and avenues for future research. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Combined Methyltransferase/Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with 5-Azacitidine and MS-275 in Patients with MDS, CMMoL and AML: Clinical Response, Histone Acetylation and DNA Damage.

Abstract Optimal re-expression of genes silenced through promoter methylation requires treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) followed by the addition of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). MS-275 is an orally bioavailable HDACi with a 50 hour half-life. A phase I study combining 5-azacitidine (5AC; 30, 40, or 50 mg/m2/dose) and MS-275 (2, 4, 6, 8 mg/m2/dose) was conducted in patients with MDS, CMMoL, and AML. Subcutaneous 5AC was self-administered daily for 10 days as per the most successful dose schedule of a prior study with 5AC plus sodium phenylbutyrate. MS-275 was administered on days 3 and 10 of each 28 day treatment cycle, following the in vitro paradigm requiring initial exposure to the DNMTi alone for optimal reversal of epigenetic transcriptional silencing. 31 patients were treated: 13 MDS, 4 CMMoL (8 IPSS Int-1, 7 Int-2, 2 proliferative CMMoL), 14 AML (7 AML with trilineage dysplasia [AML-TLD], 4 relapsed, 3 primary-refractory). Median age was 63 years (35 – 84). 5 patients received 21 days (1), asthenia (1). No DLT occurred at any combination with lower doses of MS-275; however, grade 2 fatigue was common at MS-275 6 mg/m2/dose and was considered excessive for chronic administration. 12/27 evaluable patients responded, including 2 CR, 4 PR, 6 bilineage hematologic improvement (2000 IWG criteria). Responses occurred at all dose combinations, in patients with MDS (7), CMMoL (1), AML-TLD (3), and relapsed AML (1). Combining MDS and AML-TLD, responses developed in 10/20. The median number of cycles administered to date to responding patients is 11 (6 – 22). Median time to first objective hematologic response was 2 cycles (1 – 5); median time to best hematologic response was 4 cycles (2 – 9). 20 patients had clonal cytogenetic abnormalities including 6 clinical responders: all 6 had a minimum decrease in abnormal metaphases of 50%, with 4 cytogenetic CR. Median time to best cytogenetic response was four cycles (4 – 6). Following 3 days of 5AC alone, H3 or H4 acetylation (PBMC) was increased in 10/30 patients. Overall, H3 acetylation increased in 25/29 patients (median 2.5 fold, range 1.5 - >1000-fold); H4 acetylation increased in 28/29 patients (median 4-fold, range 1.5 −154-fold). The DNA damage-associated H2AXγ was induced in 7/29 patients after 3 days of 5AC (PBMC) and 20/29 patients after the administration of MS-275. Median fold-increase in H2AXγ-expression was 5.3 (range 1.5 - >1000). The 5AC/MS-275 combination is clinically tolerable and leads to substantive cytogenetic remissions. The relative contribution of the HDACi is under examination in a current Intergroup study randomizing patients to the 5AC/MS-275 combination versus the comparable dose schedule of 5AC alone.
Distribution map of gadolinium deposition within the cerebellum following GBCA administration

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are an essential tool in clinical MRI. Millions of doses are administered annually to patients worldwide.1 However, free gadolinium, the basis of GBCAs, is extremely toxic in only small amounts. Gadolinium has an atomic radius similar to that of calcium and can interfere with calcium-dependent processes such as voltage-gated calcium channels or calcium-activated enzymes.1 To reduce toxicity, GBCAs are composed of gadolinium in chelated form. Following GBCA administration, presumably the gadolinium–chelate complex is excreted intact by the kidneys in patients with normal renal function. Each of the 9 Food and Drug Administration–approved MRI contrast agents has its own specific chelate, leading to variation in stabilities of the gadolinium–chelate complex. GBCAs are generally classified as either linear or macrocyclic based on chelate structure. An ionic, macrocyclic structure has the highest kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities.1
Exemplarity and the “Law of Superabundance”

Paul Ricoeur’s critique of social emancipatory projects that claim to be absolutely radical sets the stage for my investigation into the exemplary value of esteemed moral and political acts. Like works of art, such acts reform or revolutionize praxis through refashioning the world from within. By placing textual hermeneutics under the theme of the increase in being evinced by the work of art, Ricoeur’s analysis on the way that metaphor as a work in miniature iconically augments reality forges a link between the imagination’s productive power and the “law of superabundance.” This law inheres in the logic of hope. The hope of the “not yet” and the “much more” thus draws support from exemplary acts that bear the mark of the future through testifying to the reign of goodness, generosity, courage and love. However, Ricoeur’s claim that an eschatology of nonviolence constitutes the critique of ideology’s ultimate philosophical horizon raises a question concerning this eschatology’s theological equivalent. Ricoeur maintains that the projection of the task of actualizing freedom is the philosophical equivalent of a theology of hope. This theology draws its meaning from the “hope of things to come” based on the eschatological event. Correlatively, this task’s ethico-political impulse takes root in hope’s practical and existential necessity, which inheres in the structure of action. The hope of as yet unfulfilled expectations and demands ignites the passion for the possible and fuels the will and the desire to intervene in the world’s course. In contrast to the contagion of violence and evil, moral and political acts’ exemplary value stands as a demonstration and proof of hope. The theme of the increase in being that rules over textual hermeneutics consequently has a practical counterpart in the task that an eschatology of nonviolence adopts as its own, namely, the task of actualizing freedom within the historical reality of humankind.
Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Conjunctiva Treated With Cyclosporine.

Purpose To describe a case of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the conjunctiva responding to cyclosporine immunosuppressant monotherapy. Methods A 66-year-old man with a 2-year history of biopsy-proven bilateral RLH presented for dry eye evaluation with chief complaints of burning, stinging, and irritation in both eyes. After slit-lamp examination and positive findings of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the patient's tear film, he was diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction and tear-insufficiency dry eye disease. The patient was subsequently treated with topical cyclosporine (ophthalmic emulsion 0.5 mg/mL two times per day) in both eyes. Results Examination at the 3-month follow-up visit revealed significant reduction of the RLH lesions bilaterally. Conclusions This report represents the first case of benign ocular RLH responsive to topical cyclosporine therapy. We believe that cyclosporine could play a role in treating patients with benign ocular RLH and warrants further investigation to evaluate its full efficacy.
Hope for the many: An empowering social agenda.

Publisher Summary In the society where people do not believe they can achieve many of their goals, people may nevertheless hold to a conviction that life will be better for them or their children at some point in future. The human mind is remarkably resilient, and it is known that throughout history, people have held out hope under dire circumstances. Hope for imagined goals is a pacifying mentality that enables people to endure. The chapter attempts to break new ground by proposing a theme that should be at the core of future work on the hope construct. The chapter specifically argues that the study of hope should reflect a mentality about enhancing individual and shared future goals. Therefore, it advances a hope that is more for the many than for the few. Subsequently, it speculates about ideas for empowering hope and explores how these ideas can be nurtured for the greater good of individuals and societies. It then targets two places—work and government— where hope could grow. Following this, the chapter discusses the role of communal hope as it relates to the trilogy of emotionality, meaning, and morality. It then examines how communal hope sometimes can be pacifying and yet at other times revolutionary. The chapter speculates about where the concept of communal hope can take people.
Direct Annulation between Aryl Iodides and Epoxides through Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis.

Herein we report a direct annulation between aryl iodides and epoxides through palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis. An iso-propyl ester substituted NBE was found to be most efficient to suppress the formation of multiple-NBE-insertion byproducts and affords the desired 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran derivatives in 44-99 % yields. The reaction is scalable and tolerates a range of functional groups. Asymmetric synthesis is realized using an enantiopure epoxide. Application of this method into a concise synthesis of insecticide fufenozide is demonstrated.
Detecting Aberrant Behavior and Item Preknowledge: A Comparison of Mixture Modeling Method and Residual Method:

The modern web-based technology greatly popularizes computer-administered testing, also known as online testing. When these online tests are administered continuously within a certain “testing wind...
White light interferometry and MountainsMap® - case studies in static load capacity of bearings and surface finish optimisation of orthotic knee joints

This paper deals with two case studies demonstrating the combined use of white light interferometry and MountainsMap® software to: 1) accurately measure indentation diameters on race elements with an accuracy of a 1/100th of a micrometer and to examine static load capacity of bearings compared to the industry standard. In this case study, static load capacity of the ball bearings was shown to be 31% lower than that specified by ISO and ANSI/ABMA bearing standards; 2) characterise machined surfaces with 2D and 3D parameters, with the goal of producing optimal surface finish on orthotic knee joints used by Cerebral Palsy patients. In this case study, 2D roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rp, Rz, and 3D roughness parameters Sa, Sq, Sp, Sz, were improved by 34%, 31%, 8%, 20%, and 36%, 33%, 6%, 6% respectively. Both case studies demonstrate the significance of modern topography techniques in enhancing the measurement accuracy of surface characteristics.
Are we one?: Quechua-Aymara contact and the challenges of boundary maintenance in Puno, Peru

Abstract This article investigates the impact that opposing scale-making projects of boundary maintenance have on multilingual histories of indigenous Quechua and Aymara speakers in Puno, Peru. Quechua and Aymara speakers perpetuate discourses of strict ethnolinguistic difference, which correspond to scale-making projects that regiment ethnolinguistic boundaries and erase histories of indigenous multilingualism. These projects are challenged by opposing scalar projects that promote a common indigenous heritage. I will examine how indigenous punenos regiment ethnolinguistic boundaries through three case studies: inter-indigenous marriage, indigenous language radio programming, and a language revitalization program. In each site, punenos work to maintain ethnolinguistic boundaries, but are simultaneously confronted with scalar projects that attempts to reconfigure Quechua-Aymara multilingualism in the past, present, and imagined future.
Pairings in the Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves

The recent work of Cornut, Vatsal, Bertolini, Darmon, Nekovar and others on the Mordell-Weil and Shafarevich-Tate groups of elliptic curves over anticyclotomic towers has made it timely to organize, and possibly sharpen, the collection of yet unresolved conjectures regarding the finer structure we expect to be true about this piece of arithmetic. That was the general aim of two of our recent preprints ([MR1], [MR2]) the former being the text of an address given at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing in August 2002 by the second author. It was also the aim of the lecture delivered by the first author at the conference in Barcelona in July 2002. Since there was some overlap in our two lectures (Beijing, Barcelona), we felt it reasonable not to repeat things, but rather, in this write-up for the proceedings of the Barcelona conference, to concentrate only on the following part of the story which was not really covered in any of the other accounts.
Power-Sharing and Institutional Sequencing

There are myriad explanations for the existence of political institutions in authoritarian regimes, providing a valuable starting point for differentiating the causes for their emergence from their contemporary roles. This paper considers whether there is an order to the development of authoritarian institutions -- specifically, support parties and legislatures. It evaluates the argument that violence in non-institutionalized autocracy first prompts a contracting arrangement that promotes horizontal accountability, which legislatures provide. The argument also suggests that support parties are related to more diffuse violence, which necessitates a transition to more vertical accountability. Using the predicted probabilities of different forms of domestic violence, it shows that legislatures are significantly more likely to occur when the probability of civil conflict is high. Furthermore, a duration analysis confirms that transitions to legislatures are associated with authoritarian longevity, which is not true of transitions to a support party. Underscoring the discussion of institutional sequencing is a broader argument about the role of order in political regime change.
Advancement of Knowledge on Fenfluramine and Dexfenfluramine Effects on Brain Chemistry

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a historical perspective of the studies on dexfenfluramine-induced neurochemical changes. The studies discussed focus on the question of whether dexfenfluramine produces pathological changes in the cell bodies and nerve terminals of serotoninergic neurons in the brainstem. The issue of fenfluramine-induced neurotoxicity was first raised by investigators who reported changes in neurons within brainstem nuclei known to contain serotoninergic neurons. On the basis of various studies, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Advisory Committee in 1978 concluded that there was no substantive evidence that fenfluramine produced pathological changes in brainstem neurons. Studies with light microscopy have not indicated any cell loss or aberration in nerve networks caused by the drug. Studies have also shown that axonal transport is not impaired by dexfenfluramine. Thus, it is concluded that dexfenfluramine does not produce pathological changes and cell loss in serotoninergic neurons of the brainstem raphe.
Depicting and Integrating Images

In writing, letters form words and sentences that convey meaning. What are the equivalents for words in art therapy and image representations? What is the syntax of visual forms conveying a meaning? As with internal images, externally expressed images have emergent qualities and are generated on different levels of increased complexity. From the perspective of formal elements, the means of visual expression can be placed on the following levels: 1. The level of simple visual elements consists of line, shape, textures, and detail. 2. The level of individual forms includes the size, shape, directionality, and color conveying the content of the form. 3. The level of spatial context combines the formal elements in a statement of interrelationships either two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally, constituting a visual syntax.
A New Construction of Perfectly Matched Layers for Hyperbolic Systems with Applications to the Linearized Euler Equations

The radiation of energy to the far field is an important feature of essentially all wave propagation problems. For numerical simulations, this feature necessitates the introduction of an artificial boundary. In recent years, new techniques based on high-order local and nonlocal boundary conditions have been introduced which are both accurate and inexpensive [7]. However, they are also limited in their applicability, requiring homogeneous media (in the far field) and special artificial boundaries.
Prenatal Exposure to Ambient Pesticides and Preterm Birth and Term Low Birthweight in Agricultural Regions of California

Findings from studies of prenatal exposure to pesticides and adverse birth outcomes have been equivocal so far. We examined prenatal exposure to agricultural pesticides in relation to preterm birth and term low birthweight, respectively, in children born between 1998 and 2010, randomly selected from California birth records. We estimated residential exposure to agriculturally applied pesticides within 2 km of residential addresses at birth by pregnancy trimester for 17 individual pesticides and three chemical classes (organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates). Among maternal addresses located within 2 km of any agricultural pesticide application, we identified 24,693 preterm and 220,297 term births, and 4412 term low birthweight and 194,732 term normal birthweight infants. First or second trimester exposure to individual pesticides (e.g., glyphosates, paraquat, imidacloprid) or exposure to 2 or more pesticides in the three chemical classes were associated with a small increase (3⁻7%) in risk for preterm birth; associations were stronger for female offspring. We did not find associations between term low birthweight and exposure to pesticides other than myclobutanil (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04⁻1.20) and possibly the pyrethroids class. Our improved exposure assessment revealed that first and second trimester exposure to pesticides is associated with preterm delivery but is rarely linked with term low birthweight.
“Walk Cheerfully Over the Earth”: A Spiritual Profile of Senator Tim Kaine:

The following is excerpted from Senator Tim Kaine’s spiritual profile, part of a larger project in collaboration with Senator Chris Coons titled Profiles in Spirit that provides glimpses of the spiritual lives of selected political leaders. In an effort to push back against the relentless negativity that poisons national politics, these profiles focus on the humanity and spiritual depth of individuals who hold public office by tracing spiritual themes threaded through their lives.
Manganese-52 production cross-section measurements via irradiation of natural chromium targets up to 20 MeV

Abstract Manganese-52g, 54 and Chromium-51 production cross-section measurements were conducted using natural chromium foils and copper monitor foils. Proton beam energies between 10 and 20 MeV were used for target bombardment. After bombardment, the irradiated foils were allowed to decay for at least 48 h and radioactivity was quantified using a high-purity germanium detector. The maximum 52gMn cross-section was 90.8 ± 16.0 mb at 14.3 ± 0.8 MeV. These data contribute to the existing nuclear data for cyclotron production of 52gMn at low to medium proton energies.
Establishing metrics for evaluating community college student success in 3+1 transfer programs

This article reports on the findings of qualitative research which investigated appropriate means for measuring the efficacy of 3 + 1 transfer programs. In a 3 + 1 program, students complete 90 cre...
Editorial for focused issue "Cancer Health and Medicine: A new era".

Like every decade, this decade brings a new era of hope in treating various diseases including the devastating cancer. Tremendous and overwhelming efforts from around the world have made this outcome possible. Immunotherapy has shown magnificent promise in treating malignant tumors of various anatomic origins.
“Can’t You Just Cure It by Not Eating Sugar?!”: A Review of the Children with Diabetes Site, childrenwithdiabetes.com

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnoses are steadily rising, so support for families, caregivers, and those diagnosed with T1D is equally on the rise. This specific need, while addressed by many re...
Occult tethered cord syndrome in the canine: Microsurgical resection of the filum terminale

Abstract A 5-month-old male Spinone Italiano dog presented with progressive urinary incontinence, pollakiuria, hind limb weakness and the impression of lumbosacral pain not responsive to medical treatment. Based on non-diagnostic bladder structure, urinalysis, and no obvious spinal pathology on lumbosacral MRI, the constellation of symptoms was suspicious for occult tethered cord syndrome. A standard L7-S1 laminectomy was performed to detether the filum terminale. By 5 weeks post-op the dog’s hind limb weakness and lumbosacral pain had resolved, and urinary incontinence was markedly improved. At 10 months post-op the owner reported continued improvement of the urinary incontinence and improved behavior to suggest significant pain relief. In a young dog with progressive urinary incontinence, orthopedic or neurological dysfunction with no structural neurological or urogenital abnormalities, a hypothesis of occult tethered cord syndrome should be discussed. If the condition is progressive and no medical response is obtained, a detethering of the filum terminale is a viable option.
Cosmopolitan Meanings of Old Spanish Fields: Historical Archaeology of a Maroon Community in Southwest Florida

Since 2005, a multidisciplinary public anthropology program has been looking for Angola, an early-19th-century maroon community south of Tampa Bay. Angola provides a link between the beacons of freedom in the northern tier of Florida (Fort Mose, Prospect Bluff, and the Suwannee settlements) and the later settlements of African Seminoles in the Bahamas and Central Florida. With few documentary resources available, a map is used as an entry point to the lifeways of the maroons of Florida. While labeled Old Spanish Fields, the location represents a place where diverse individuals came together as maroons and interacted with Seminoles, British filibusters, and Cuban fishermen, among others, in the shadow of the Spanish Empire. Their crops indicate the resilience of the peoples who fought for their freedom from slavery. With American rule, the community was devastated, its landscape erased, and the cosmopolitan community unmixed.
Juvenile Arrest and Later Economic Attainment: Strength and Mechanisms of the Relationship

We tested the impact of juvenile arrest on asset accumulation, debt accumulation, and net worth from ages 20–30. We also examined whether indicators of family formation, school and work attainment, and subsequent justice system contacts explained any effects. We used longitudinal data on 7916 respondents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort. Our treatment variable was a dichotomous indicator of whether respondents were arrested as juveniles. Our focal outcomes were combined measures of the values of 10 types of assets, 6 types of debt, and net worth (assets minus debt) at ages 20, 25, and 30. We used propensity score methods to create matched groups of respondents who were and were not arrested as juveniles, and we compared these groups on the outcomes using multilevel growth curve analyses. Arrested juveniles went on to have lower assets, debts, and net worth during young adulthood compared to non-arrested juveniles. These differences were most pronounced at age 30. The differences were largely explained by educational attainment, weeks worked, and income. The fact that juvenile arrest predicted early adult economic attainment net of 43 matching covariates provides strong evidence that these effects are not merely artifacts of selection. The additional finding that education, employment, and income explain much of the juvenile arrest effect highlights several potential areas of intervention for protecting young arrestees’ later net worth.
NK cells promote cancer immunoediting through tumor-intrinsic loss of interferon-stimulated gene expression

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that constantly patrol host tissues against transformed cells in a process known as cancer immunosurveillance. Previous evidence in mice has demonstrated that NK cell-derived IFN-gamma can promote immunoevasion by sculpting the immunogenicity of developing tumors in a process known as cancer immunoediting. This process involves the elimination of highly immunogenic unedited tumor cells followed by the eventual escape of less immunogenic edited tumor cell variants that are able to escape recognition or elimination by the immune system. Here, we show that NK cell-edited fibrosarcomas decrease the expression of 17 conserved IFN-gamma-inducible genes compared to unedited tumor cells. High expression of 3 of these identified genes (Psmb8, Trim21, Parp12) in human tumor samples correlates with enhanced survival in breast cancer, melanoma, and sarcoma patients. While NK cell-edited fibrosarcomas displayed resistance to IFN-gamma-mediated growth suppression in vitro, functional knockouts of individual interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) were not required for outgrowth of unedited tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo compared to complete loss of IFN signaling. Furthermore, knockout of IFN-gamma-intrinsic signaling via deletion of Ifngr in edited B16 F10 and E0771 LMB metastatic cancer cell lines did not impact host survival following lung metastasis. Together, these results suggest that unedited tumors can be selected for decreased IFN-gamma signaling to evade immune responses in vivo, and as a consequence, tumor-extrinsic IFN signaling may be more important for potentiating durable anti-tumor responses to advanced solid tumors.
The Benefits of Personalized Pricing in a Channel

In this paper, we explore channel interactions in an information-intensive environment where the retailer can implement personalized pricing and the manufacturer can leverage both personalized pricing and entry into a direct distribution channel. We study whether a retailer can benefit from personalized pricing, and how upstream personalized pricing or entry into a direct distribution channel affects the allocation of channel profit. We find that the retailer is worse off because of its own or upstream personalized pricing, even when the retailer is a monopoly. However, it may still be optimal for the retailer to embrace personalized pricing in order to reap the strategic benefit of deterring the manufacturer from selling direct and targeting end-consumers.
CHAPTER 4 The Future of Le Mans Prototypes

Racing continues to be the singular, preeminent source of powertrain development for automakers worldwide. Engineering teams rely on motorsports for the latest prototype testing and research. Endurance racing provides the harshest and most illuminating stage for system design validation of any motorsport competition. While advancements throughout the 20th Century brought about dramatic increases in engine power output, the latest developments from endurance racing may be more impactful for fuel efficiency improvements. Hybrid powertrains are a critical area of research for automakers and are being tested on the toughest of scales. Prototype Powertrain in Motorsport Endurance Racing brings together ten vital SAE technical papers and SAE Automotive Engineering magazine articles surrounding the advancements of hybrid powertrains in motorsports. The book also includes a history of endurance racing from the World Sports Car Championship through the 24 Hours of Le Mans to the World Endurance Championship written by the author. The goal is to provide the latest concepts being researched and tested on hybrid systems that will influence vehicles for years to come - appealing to engineers and enthusiasts alike.
Risk factors associated with suicidal ideation in newly admitted working-age nursing home residents.

Abstract Introduction Suicide is a leading cause of mortality in the United States and recent initiatives have sought to increase monitoring of suicide risk within healthcare systems. Working-age adults (22–64 years) admitted to nursing homes may be at risk for suicidal ideation, yet little is known about this population. Methods The national nursing home database, Minimum Dataset 3.0, was used to identify 323,436 working-age adults newly admitted to a nursing home in 2015. This cross-sectional study sought to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, examine behavioral health treatment received, and determine resident characteristics associated with suicidal ideation at nursing home admission using logistic regression and reports adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results Suicidal ideation was present among 1.27% of newly admitted working-age residents. Almost 25% of those with suicidal ideation had no psychiatric diagnosis. Factors associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation included younger age (aOR 1.90), admission from the community (aOR 1.92) or a psychiatric hospital (aOR 2.38), cognitive impairments (aOR 1.46), pain (aOR 1.40), rejection of care (aOR 1.91), and psychiatric comorbidity (aOR depression: 1.91, anxiety disorder: 1.11, bipolar disorder: 1.62, schizophrenia: 1.32, post-traumatic stress disorder: 1.17). Limitations Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, no causal inferences about suicidal ideation and the explored covariates can be made. The Minimum Dataset 3.0 has only one measure of suicidal ideation the Patient Health Questionnaire. Conclusion Factors other than psychiatric diagnosis may be important in identifying newly admitted working-age nursing home residents who require on-going suicide screening and specialized psychiatric care.
Finite Element Analysis of Transhumeral and Transtibial Percutaneous Osseointegrated Endoprosthesis Implantation

Cadaveric mechanical testing of the Percutaneous Osseointegrated Docking System (PODS) for osseointegrated (OI) prosthetic limb attachment revealed that translation of the exact system from the humerus to the tibia may not be suitable. The PODS system, designed specifically for the humerus, achieved 1.4-4.8 times greater mechanical stability in the humerus than the tibia, despite morphology that indicated translational feasibility. To better understand this discrepancy, finite element analyses (FEA) modeled the implantation of PODS into the bones. Models from cadaveric humeri (n=3) and tibia (n=3) were constructed from CT scans, and virtual implantation preparation of an array of endoprosthesis sizes that made contact with the endosteal surface but did not penetrate the outer cortex. Final impaction of the endoprosthesis was simulated using a displacement ramp function to press the endoprosthesis model into the bone. Impaction force and maximum first principal (circumferential) stress were recorded to estimate stability to assess fracture risk of the system. We hypothesized that the humerus and tibia would have different optimal PODS sizing criteria that maximized impaction force and minimized first principal stress. The optimal sizing in the humerus corresponded to implantation instructions, whereas in the tibia optimal sizing occurred three sizes larger than the guidelines indicated. This FEA examination of the impaction force and the stress distribution leads us to believe that the same endoprosthesis strategy from the humerus is not suitable for the tibia because of thin medial and lateral cortices that compromise implantation.
Sustaining diversity in social and environmental accounting research

Abstract During its relatively brief, 40-year life as a recognized field of inquiry ( Owen, 2008 ), research in social and environmental accounting (SEA) has witnessed its fair share of struggles within both the mainstream and critical accounting literature. Only recently, the elite mainstream academic journals in the United States have (re)discovered SEA-related work on corporate social responsibility, and in a vast majority of that work, earlier SEA studies are either not acknowledged (e.g., Elliott, Jackson, Peecher, & White, 2014 ) or are dismissed as irrelevant to the discussion at hand (e.g., Moser & Martin, 2012 ). Critical accounting research has been more welcoming generally to SEA topics, although there has been near constant tension between the reformist approach taken in many SEA studies and the more radical tenor understandably present in critical research (e.g., Spence, 2009 , Tinker et al., 1991 ). At certain points in the development of SEA research, common ground has been found ( Tinker & Gray, 2003 ). Grappling with these dilemmas seems especially acute for quantitative SEA work that follows an objectivist/positivist research tradition, often facing increasing methodological hurdles from the elite mainstream, and/or a rejection of fundamental assumptions by critical theorists. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we offer support for sustaining diversity in SEA research by discussing the potential for quantitative SEA research projects to substantively challenge mainstream conceptions of SEA. Second, in order to promote quantitative SEA research we present a literature review that informs current and potential quantitative SEA scholars of recent developments in this stream of research, focusing primarily on the methodological requirements present in related mainstream quantitative research. Although admittedly partial and selective in its presentation, through this commentary we aim to promote continued support of quantitative SEA research within the critical accounting community and to help enable non-mainstream quantitative SEA researchers to disarm methodological criticisms from elite mainstream sources.
Is the Physician Shortage Real? Implications for the Recommendations of the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Governance and Financing of Graduate Medical Education

In July 2014, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on the Governance and Financing of Graduate Medical Education released its report calling for a major overhaul of the financing of graduate medical education (GME). Several national organizations with an interest in GME faulted the report on the basis that the IOM Committee recommendations would worsen physician shortages. However, this conclusion is based on two questionable assumptions: first, that the nation is already facing a general physician shortage; and second, that the IOM Committee recommendations would make shortages worse. The author argues that although some communities and specialties do face shortages, currently and in the future a general national physician shortage is unlikely. Reasons cited include changes in the delivery system with an increased focus on efficiency and effectiveness; the increased use of interprofessional teams facilitated by the increasing supply of nurse practitioners, physician assistants and other health professionals; and technological advances.The author concludes that the IOM Committee recommendations would support an increase in GME positions in locations and specialties where there is a documented need, in effect removing the current cap on Medicare-funded GME positions. Given the current fiscal environment, the approach recommended by the IOM Committee--steady funding levels but improved targeting to meet documented needs--may be the best strategy for maintaining GME funds and meeting the nation's physician workforce needs.
Signal integrity implications of inductor-to-circuit proximity

Signal integrity is one of the major challenges in system-on-a-chip (SOC) integration. The complexity of the associated problems increases when RF circuits are integrated together with other circuits, such as digital or large signal circuits. In this material, an analysis of possible interactions between an on-chip inductor and various types of circuit blocks is described. Conclusions on the feasibility of an inductor-circuit system are outlined.
Virtualized Computer Labs and the Software Tools to Make It So

A crucial part of the teaching of computer courses is the examination of and experimentation with the technology. Most courses are quite expensive and require access to lab equipment that most students don’t have. There are many freely available platforms (e.g. Linux) for this purpose. Because of this, I have explored many simulation, emulations and tools for computer labs. These modules are available to students as part of their experimentation with computers. This paper describes the way I use these tools in my online computer classes.
Role of myosin heavy chain composition in the stretch activation response of rat myocardium.

The speed and force of myocardial contraction during systolic ejection is largely dependent on the intrinsic contractile properties of cardiac myocytes. As the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform of cardiac muscle is an important determinant of the contractile properties of individual myocytes, we studied the effects of altered MHC isoform expression in rat myocardium on the mechanical properties of skinned ventricular preparations. Skinned myocardium from thyroidectomized rats expressing only the β MHC isoform displayed rates of force redevelopment that were about 2.5-fold slower than in myocardium from hyperthyroid rats expressing only the α MHC isoform, but the amount of force generated at a given level of Ca2+ activation was not different. Because recent studies suggest that the stretch activation response in myocardium has an important role in systolic function, we also examined the effect of MHC isoform expression on the stretch activation response by applying a rapid stretch (1% of muscle length) to an otherwise isometrically contracting muscle fibre. Sudden stretch of myocardium resulted in a concomitant increase in force that quickly decayed to a minimum and was followed by a delayed redevelopment of force (i.e. stretch activation) to levels greater than prestretch force. β MHC expression dramatically slowed the overall rate of the stretch activation response compared to expression of α MHC isoform; specifically, the rate of force decay was ∼2-fold slower and the rate of delayed force development was ∼2.5-fold slower. In contrast, MHC isoform had no effect on the amplitude of the stretch activation response. Collectively, these data show that expression of β MHC in myocardium dramatically slows rates of cross-bridge recruitment and detachment which would be expected to decrease power output and contribute to depressed systolic function in end-stage heart failure.
Genetic and biochemical analysis of the flagellar hook of Treponema phagedenis.

Abstract The periplasmic flagellum of Treponema phagedenis consists of the flagellar filament and hook-basal body. We report here a characterization of the hook gene and flagellar hook of T. phagedenis, and in the process of this analysis we found evidence that the hook polypeptide is likely cross-linked in situ. A T. phagedenis genomic library was screened with a Treponema pallidum antiserum, and the DNA segments from several positive plaques were subcloned and sequenced. DNA sequencing of two overlapping segments revealed a 1,389-nucleotide (nt) open reading frame (ORF) with a deduced amino acid sequence that was 36% identical to that of FlgE, the hook polypeptide of Salmonella typhimurium. This gene was designated T. phagedenis flgE. Beginning at 312 nt downstream from flgE was a partial ORF of 486 nt with a deduced amino acid sequence that was 33% identical to that of MotA of Bacillus subtilis, a polypeptide that enables flagellar rotation. Upstream of flgE, separated by 39 nt, was a partial (291-nt) ORF with a deduced amino acid sequence that was homologous to that of ORF8, a polypeptide of unknown function located in an operon encoding polypeptides involved in motility of B. subtilis. The T. phagedenis flgE gene was cloned into an Escherichia coli protein expression plasmid, and the purified recombinant protein was used to prepare a FlgE antiserum. Western blots (immunoblots) of whole-cell lysates probed with this antiserum revealed a 55-kDa polypeptide and a ladder of polypeptide bands with increasing molecular masses. T. phagedenis hooks were then isolated and purified, and electron microscopic analysis revealed that the morphology of the hooks resembled that in other bacteria. The hooks were slightly curved and had an average length of 69 +/- 8 nm and a diameter of 23 +/- 1 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blots of purified hook preparations using the FlgE antiserum also revealed a polypeptide ladder, suggesting that the hooks are composed of a covalently cross-linked polypeptide.
2',5'-Oligo(A)-activated endoribonuclease. Tissue distribution and characterization with a binding assay

We have measured the binding of highly radioactive (2'-5')pppA4-5[32P]cytidine 3',5'-diphosphate to human, mouse, and rabbit cell and tissue extracts. A binding activity for this oligonucleotide is present in all extracts examined and high levels of this activity are found in some cells of lymphoid origin. In particular, the mouse thymoma cell line W7 has about 10 times higher binding activity than other cell lines. The oligonucleotide is bound with a single high affinity constant, as shown by Scatchard plot analyses. Cell extracts fractionated by centrifugation on glycerol gradients show a single peak of binding activity, which co-sediments with (2'-5')oligo(A)-dependent endoribonuclease (RNase L). This enzyme apparently binds the oligonucleotide, as shown by experiments with an analog of (2'-5')oligo(A) which competes in the binding and inhibits the RNase L. This endonuclease cannot be directly assayed in unfractionated cell or tissue extracts with high levels of other nuclease activities. The binding assay for the oligonucleotide may provide an estimate of RNase L levels in such cell and tissue extracts.
Design of a polymer optical fiber luminescent solar concentrator

We present the design and optimization of a polymeric optical fiber luminescent solar concentrator (FLSC) and systematically investigate the impact of the geometrical and physical parameters of the fiber and active luminescent dopants on the FLSC performance. A multiplicity of individual FLSCs may be arranged on a surface to form a low-weight and mechanically flexible solar concentrating fabric. In addition to these unique structural properties, we find that the overall optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of the FLSC rivals that of reported flat slab LSCs while increasing the geometric gain, thereby potentially reducing the cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.