cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plant Vintages, Grandfathering, and Environmental Policy

Environmental regulations that grandfather existing plants, by not holding them to the same strict standards as new plants, may have the unintended consequence of retarding new investment. If new plants are cleaner, then this effect may increase pollution in the short run. I develop a dynamic model of a facility’s decisions over scrapping and abatement, which depend on capital depreciation, profitability shocks, and environmental policy. Using data from fossil fuel fired boilers at electric power plants, I estimate the structural parameters of the model and assess the impact of grandfathering in the Clean Air Act on sulfur dioxide emissions. Counterfactual policy simulations show that an increase in the stringency of performance standards would have led to a decrease in investment in new boilers. However, this does not lead to increased emissions, since there is less investment in dirtier coal boilers as compared to relatively cleaner oil or natural gas boilers.
Nuclear speckle-associated protein Pnn/DRS binds to the transcriptional corepressor CtBP and relieves CtBP-mediated repression of the E-cadherin gene

Previously, we have shown that pinin/DRS (Pnn), a 140-kDa nuclear and cell adhesion-related phosphoprotein, is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and modulation of the activity of multiple tumor suppressor genes. In the nucleus Pnn is concentrated in the “nuclear speckles,” zones of accumulation of transcriptional and mRNA splicing factors, where Pnn is involved in mRNA processing. Alternatively, other roles of Pnn in gene regulation have not yet been established. By utilizing in vitro pull-down assays, in vivo interaction studies, and immunofluorescence in combination with overexpression and RNA interference experiments, we present evidence that Pnn interacts with the known transcriptional corepressor CtBP1. As a consequence of this interaction Pnn was capable of relieving the CtBP1-mediated repression of E-cadherin promoter activity. Our results suggest that the interaction of Pnn with the corepressor CtBP1 may modulate repression of transcription by CtBP1. This interaction may reflect the existence of coupling factors involved in CtBP-mediated transcriptional regulation and mRNA processing events.
Using a pipelined S-box in compact AES hardware implementations

Pipelined S-boxes are usually used in high speed hardware implementations of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and not typically found in compact implementations because of the extra complexity added by the pipeline registers. In this paper, the area and speed performance of applying a pipelined S-box to compact AES hardware implementations is examined. A new compact AES encryption hardware core with 128-bit keys is proposed. The proposed design employs a single 4-stage pipelined S-box that is shared by t he data path operation and the key expansion operation. Compared with the previous smallest encryption-only ASIC implementation of AES, it achieves an increase in throughput of 2.1 times while maintaining a similar gate count. This result indicates that it is reasonable to consider using pipelined S-boxes in AES hardware implementations targeted at applications requiring low area and moderate speed.
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring in intensive care by thermal diffusion.

Continuous monitoring of cortical blood flow (CoBF) in the intensive care unit is possible with thermal diffusion techniques. The normal brain flow limits have been established when electrical activity ceases and when infarction is likely to occur. With continuous monitoring of CoBF one can see immediate changes in flow and approaching these levels may be anticipated.
Ergonomic stressors and upper extremity disorders in vehicle manufacturing: cross sectional exposure-response trends.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between upper extremity soft tissue disorders and exposure to preventable ergonomic stressors in vehicle manufacturing operations. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in one vehicle stamping plant and one engine assembly plant. A standardised physical examination of the upper extremities was performed on all subjects. An interviewer administered questionnaire obtained data on demographics, work history, musculoskeletal symptoms, non-occupational covariates, and psycho-physical (relative intensity) ratings of ergonomic stressors. The primary exposure score was computed by summing the responses to the psychophysical exposure items. Multivariate regression analysis was used to model the prevalence of disorders of the shoulders or upper arms, wrists or hands, and all upper extremity regions (each defined both by symptoms and by physical examination plus symptoms) as a function of exposure quartile. RESULTS: A total of 1315 workers (85% of the target population) was examined. The prevalence of symptom disorders was 22% for the wrists or hands and 15% for the shoulders or upper arms; cases defined on the basis of a physical examination were about 80% as frequent. Disorders of the upper extremities, shoulders, and wrists or hands all increased markedly with exposure score, after adjustment for plant, acute injury, sex, body mass index, systemic disease, and seniority. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities were strongly associated with exposure to combined ergonomic stressors. The exposure-response trend was very similar for symptom cases and for physical examination cases. It is important to evaluate all dimensions of ergonomic exposure in epidemiological studies, as exposures often occur in combination in actual workplaces.
Evidence-Based Psychiatry in the United States

In this report, we will discuss: (1) several programmes undertaken by the American Psychiatric Association to develop evidence-based systems for defining, guiding, and monitoring aspects of psychiatric care in the US, (2) some of the limitations in these approaches (i.e., we should not get too overconfident about our capacities), and (3) provide some recommendations about how to deal with some of these limitations — and particularly the role of a practice-based research network.
The Transfer Price Conundrum

International transfer pricing issues are the subject of this paper. The transfer price is the price of goods and services traded between related companies, often through cross-border transactions. The huge and growing volume of tangible and intangible goods involved in transfer pricing situations makes this an important area of study.
Oral Health Status of Children Attending a Summer Camp for Diabetes Children

Objective. The aim of this paper is to examine the oral health of children attending a diabetes camp. Despite studies showing diabetes to be a risk factor for periodontitis on the one hand and periodontitis having been shown to affect glycemic control and increase the risk for developing complications among diabetic patients, oral health is only beginning to receive much needed attention as an important aspect of general health in diabetic patients. Methodology. A simple count of the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth was performed and added to come up with the Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT). Periodontal examination was performed using a Com­munity Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) probe. Pocket probing was performed on six sites (me­siobuccal, mid-buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, mid-lingual, and distolingual) on each tooth. The teeth were then scored on a scale of 0–4 similar to the CPITN method of the World Health Organization. Results. The proportion of participants with dental caries was 72% (18) with a mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) of 4.6. 5 (20%) of the participants had a DMFT score of 0, meaning that they have no decayed missing or filled teeth while 10 (40%) either already had permanent teeth extracted. or required tooth extraction for non-restorable, severely decayed permanent teeth. Periodontitis (Pockets > 3.5 mm; CPITN = 4) was found in only 1 (4%) patient. 21 (84%) of the participants either had a CPITN score of 1 or 2, meaning bleeding upon probing or calcular deposits were observed. 3 (12%) had a CPITN score of 0. Conclusions. Diabetes camps are a good place to screen oral health problems among type 1 diabetic patients given the different socio-economic factors, levels of concern for oral health , and availability of dental care providers among families of with type 1 diabetic children. Physicians managing type 1 diabetics should motivate their patients to see the dentist twice a year for preventive visits and strongly encourage them to have treatment when dental diseases are present. An oral exam should be part of the cursory examination performed by physicians handling these patients.
Large Eddy Simulation of wind turbine wakes: detailed comparisons of two codes focusing on effects of numerics and subgrid modeling

In this work we report on results from a detailed comparative numerical study from two Large Eddy Simulation (LES) codes using the Actuator Line Model (ALM). The study focuses on prediction of wind turbine wakes and their breakdown when subject to uniform inflow. Previous studies have shown relative insensitivity to subgrid modeling in the context of a finite-volume code. The present study uses the low dissipation pseudo-spectral LES code from Johns Hopkins University (LESGO) and the second-order, finite-volume OpenFOAMcode (SOWFA) from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. When subject to uniform inflow, the loads on the blades are found to be unaffected by subgrid models or numerics, as expected. The turbulence in the wake and the location of transition to a turbulent state are affected by the subgrid-scale model and the numerics.
Reprint of: Price and quantity collars for stabilizing emission allowance prices: Laboratory experiments on the EU ETS market stability reserve

Abstract We report on laboratory experiments, with financially motivated participants, comparing alternative proposals for managing the time path of emission allowance prices in the face of random firm-specific and market-level structural shocks. Market outcome measures such as social surplus and price variability are improved by the use of a price collar (auction reserve price and soft price cap). Comparable performance enhancements are not observed with the implementation of a quantity collar that adjusts auction quantities in response to privately held inventories of unused allowances. In some specifications, the quantity collar performed worse than no stabilization policy at all. The experiment implemented a specific set of structural elements, and extrapolation to other settings should be done with caution. Nevertheless, an examination of the observed behavioral patterns and deviations from optimal behavior suggests that a price collar has an important (although perhaps not exclusive) role to play in constructing an effective market stability policy.
Nitric Oxide Production by High Voltage Electrical Discharges for Medical Uses: A Review

Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent as well as a universal anti-microbial factor killing bacteria, fungi and parasites without killing human cells provided that an appropriate dose level and treatment time are applied. Exogenous NO is often employed in inhalation therapies for treating pulmonary hypertension in children and adults. NO generation from air in high voltage electrical discharges is being developed for medical uses because it is technologically simple, economical and portable. The related literature is reviewed here. The plasma can be a thermal plasma, where the temperature is of the order of 10,000 K, or it can be a non-thermal plasma, where the electron temperature is very high but the average gas temperature can vary over a wide range from close to room temperature to thousands of degrees above room temperature. The plasma temperature has significant effects on the chemical composition of the treated gas. These effects are explained based on the chemical reaction mechanism. Further, NO generated by electrical discharges is usually contaminated with nitrogen dioxide and sometimes with ozone and particulate matter. The techniques that have been successfully hybridized with the electrical discharge devices or that can potentially be hybridized for the purification of NO are also reviewed. Recent successful testing of electrical discharge-based NO generators for inhalation therapy on animal models in the US and routine use of them in Russia and east Europe for wound decontamination and fast heeling suggests that the technique has a great potential for applications in future.
A CASE OF MULTIPLE RHABDOMYOSARCOMAS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

症例は33歳の男性.腹痛の精査目的で入院となったが,入院後6日目に腹痛の増強のため緊急手術を行った.小腸に6つの腫瘤を認め,うち5つが鶏卵大～手拳大となって腸閉塞をきたし,腫瘤間の腸管は緊満していた.小腸切除を行ったが,手術創,肝,リンパ節などの腫瘍が急速に増大し,術後44日目に死亡した.摘出標本の肉眼形態は,隆起型,潰瘍限局型,びまん浸潤型など多彩な形態を呈した.病理組織所見では,異型度の強い大小不同の紡錘形細胞・円形細胞が粗に配列し,強い脈管浸襲と腫瘍壊死をともなっていた.免疫化学的染色では,ミオグロビンとデスミンが陽性であり,多発性小腸横紋筋肉腫と診断した.横紋筋肉腫は,頭頸部などに好発する軟部組織悪性腫瘍であり,消化管では原発性・転移性ともに極めて稀である.多発性で予後が極めて不良であったことから,本症例は潜在性の原発巣からの多発転移と推測されるが,その病態については不明である.
Cancer treatment-induced bone loss.

Purpose of reviewPatients treated for cancer may be at risk for osteoporosis and fracture. Evaluation and treatment of patients with cancer treatment-induced bone loss should lead to fewer fractures. This review will help clinicians learn to identify, evaluate and treat cancer patients at risk.Recen
Research highlights: improved understanding of ecological impacts resulting from nanomaterial-based in situ remediation

Nanomaterials are currently being used for in situ remediation of soils and groundwater. However, the continued use of currently implemented nanomaterials and the systematic development of more effective and ecologically benign materials require a more complete understanding of their ecological impact, which should include the transport through the subsurface, acute, chronic and long term effects of exposure, and the role of nanomaterial characteristics (e.g., composition, surface coating). In the current highlight, three articles that examine different aspects of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) transport, reactivity or exposure to model organisms are summarily reported, which advance the development of more sustainable remediation approaches. The first study examines the role of a model biofilm on the transport of different Pd-doped nZVI species through granulated media, and also the associated nanomaterial toxicity to the forming and sessile bacteria. The second study examines the multigenerational reproductive impacts of C. elegans resulting from nZVI exposure. Lastly, the resulting products of nZVI reactivity with U(VI) species at environmentally relevant molar ratios are examined, and a thorough analysis of the resulting products are reported, which provide valuable data for predicting the consequential role nZVI remediation will have on the ecosystem at and near contaminated sites.
Effect of Phototherapy with Different Light on Neonatal Jaundice

Objective Different light sources and intensity were applied to treat the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia for exploring the best way of phototherapy.Methods 92 infants with nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia were randomly divided into three groups: group A(conventional blue light)、 group B(daylight lamp) and group C(blue-green-light pad). Light intensity was measured during the phototherapy.Phototherapy was stopped when bilirubin(Br) concentration was less than 185 micromol/L. Results The sequence of the mean light intensity was group B、group C、group A(p0.001); The mean duration of phototherapy in the group B was shorter significantly than that in the group A and C(p0.001 and p0.05),and the duration of group C was shorter significantly than that of group A(p0.05).The rate of Br photodegradation per hour in the group B was higher significantly than that in the group A and C. (p0.001,p0.05).The rate of bilirubin photodegradation per hour per unit of light intensity in group A was higher significantly than that in group B and C(p0.001),but there was no significant difference between group B and C. There was no significant difference about the number requiring second exposure and of side-effect among three groups(p0.05).Conclusions The efficacy of phototherapy increases with increasing of light intensity;Hight-intensity phototherapy can shorten the duration of phototherapy. The blue-light is more effective than daylight and blue-greenlight in same intensity.The daylight faciliated clinical monitoring; The efficacy of phototherapy can be increasesd through increasing the body surface exposure area .
Image matching algorithm of multilevel features based on quantitative-qualitative measure of mutual information

Conventional image matching algorithms based on mutual information not only consume large amounts of time,but also ignore the pixels' utilities and spatial relations.In this paper,a novel image matching algorithm using multilevel features is proposed based on quantitative-qualitative measure of mutual information(Q-MI).Firstly,multilevel features are extracted on the edge image,including edge points of interest,edge points and edge neighborhood points.Secondly,according to the characteristics of multilevel features,the Q-MI joint utility for each pixel value pair is computed.Lastly,an optimizer based genetic algorithm(GA) is applied to effectively search the best matching transformation parameters,with Q-MI as the fitness function.Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy,efficiency and robustness of this algorithm.
Comparison of Google Translation with Human Translation

Google Translate provides a multilingual machine-translation service by automatically translating one written language to another. Google translate is allegedly limited in its accuracy in translation, however. This study investigated the accuracy of Google Chinese-to-English translation from the perspectives of formality and cohesion with two comparisons: Google translation with human expert translation, and Google translation with Chinese source language. The text sample was a collection of 289 spoken and written texts excerpts from the Selected Works of Mao Zedong in both Chinese and English versions. Google translate was used to translate the Chinese texts into English. These texts were analyzed by the automated text analysis tools: the Chinese and English LIWC, and the Chinese and English Coh-Metrix. Results of Pearson correlations on formality and cohesion showed Google English translation was highly correlated with both human English translation and the original Chinese texts.
Broad autism spectrum and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in adults with the fragile X premutation

AbstractObjective: Clinical observations and a limited number of research studies provide evidence that the fragile X premutation may confer risk for autism, executive dysfunction, and psychopathology. The link to autism spectrum symptoms and social cognition deficits with the premutation remains uncertain, and thus was the focus of the present investigation.Method: Our sample included 131 individuals, 42 men/22 women with the FMR1 premutation (mean age = 31.83 ± 8.59 years) with a normal neurological exam, and 48 men/19 women healthy age-matched controls (mean age = 29.48 ± 7.29 years). Individuals completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery with additional assessments for social cognition, broad autism spectrum, and obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms.Results: Premutation carriers self-reported higher rates of autism-related symptoms (Autism Quotient; p = .001). Among males only, premutation carriers showed more atypical social interaction (p < .001) and stereotyped behavior (p = .014) during st...
CYTOSKELETAL AUTOANTIBODIES/ANTI-ACTIN ANTIBODIES

ABSTRACT Anti-cytoskeleton antibodies were one of the first few autoantibodies to be discovered and have been found in a number of disease states. Further characterization of these autoantibodies has shown that these autoantibodies bind the principal components of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, which include actin, tubulin, keratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, peripherin, neurofilaments, alpha-internexin, and nuclear lamins. Because of their ubiquitous presence, cytoskeletal proteins are isolated from a number of different tissues and cells, and antibodies are detected using a variety of methods. Their significance is still under investigation but it has been suggested that they may be markers of ongoing tissue damage and non-specific B cell stimulation. Thus far, the presence of anti-cytoskeletal antibodies has not been shown to be pathogenic and is of limited clinical utility.
Imaging High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques with PET

Atherosclerotic disease, a primary cause of stroke and myocardial infarction, is the most common underlying cause of death worldwide. While atherosclerosis was formerly considered to be a relatively inert structural abnormality, decades of research have since shown that it is a biologically active process, driven by active inflammation. In concert with this conceptual shift, newer strategies to image vascular lesions have evolved. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been validated as a non-invasive tool to characterize atherosclerotic inflammation. It is hypothesized that a combination of structural and biological (e.g., inflammatory) imaging may provide better means to assess clinical risk, to assess efficacy of therapy, and to identify new, effective treatments. Limitations remain, however, and further advances in technology and tracer development are required before FDG PET imaging will contribute a significant clinical impact at the level of the individual patient.
Short-term outcomes associated with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting

Background : Bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting is associated with improved long-term survival and graft patency compared to single internal thoracic artery (SITA) graft and saphenous vein graft in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, BITA grafting may adversely affect early in hospital mortality and morbidity due to deep sternal wound infection. Hence, we carried out this study to evaluate early outcomes of BITA grafting in different configuration in our hospital and to assess safety and applicability of BITA grafting as a routine procedure. Methods : A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in September 2014 where all 134 patients using bilateral ITA for coronary artery bypass (CABG) at United Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2009 to September 2014 were included. BITA grafting were used in either in-situ or Y-graft technique. We reviewed and evaluated patients’ characteristics and short-term outcomes. The short-term outcomes included in hospital mortality and major morbidities. Results : Out of 134 patients, 129 (96%) patients were male. The mean age was 48.73 ± 8.42 yrs ranging from 28 to 72 yrs. Hypertension and smoking were the most common cardiac risk factors. There was no mortality in both BITA in-situ and BITA Y-graft groups. Most common postoperative complications were fever (26%), and arrhythmia (7.5%). Only one female patient (0.7) had sternal wound complication. Elderly, obesity and COPD were not observed to be associated with sternal wound complication. Conclusion : Short-term outcomes of BITA grafting for CABG is excellent with no significant difference between BITA in-situ and BITA Y-graft groups. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2016; 31(1) : 3-9
Inadvertent Intrathecal Vincristine Administration with Widespread Axonal Injury Demonstrated by Amyloid Precursor Protein Immunohistochemistry

Vincristine is a Vinca alkaloid chemotherapeutic agent used to treat hematologic and some solid organ neoplasms. As a microtubule inhibitor, an unfortunate side effect of this drug is disruption of...
Clinical utility of the Rey 15-Item Test, recognition trial, and error scores for detecting noncredible neuropsychological performance in a mixed clinical sample of veterans

AbstractObjective: This cross-sectional study examined the Rey 15-Item Test (RFIT), Recognition Trial, and Error Scores for identifying noncredible performance in a mixed clinical veteran sample compared to another widely used validity measure, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). Method: Sixty-two veterans who completed the RFIT (Recall/Recognition Trials), TOMM, and Word Memory Test (WMT) during clinical evaluation were included. Using the WMT as the criterion, 71% (N = 44) were classified as valid and 29% (N = 18) as invalid. Results: Among valid participants, 25% failed the RFIT Recall, whereas 78% of invalid participants passed (sensitivity: 22%; specificity: 75%; diagnostic odds ratio [DOR]: .86). The Recognition Trial increased sensitivity to 39% for identifying invalid performance, but 25% of valid participants still scored below cut-off (specificity: 75%; DOR: 1.91). RFIT Recall and Recognition Trial logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were nonsignificant, w...
Sparse error correction with multiple measurement vectors: Observability-aware approach

We study sparse gross error correction for state estimation in a non-linear sensing system. We consider a practical assumption that gross errors are sparse, and their locations tend to be invariant over a few consecutive measurement periods. Under the assumption, a robust state estimation and error correction algorithm using multiple measurement vectors is proposed based on local linear approximation of the nonlinear measurement model. Unlike existing approaches in the literature, the proposed method ensures that the estimated gross error locations are such that system is observable, i.e., the system state is uniquely identifiable. The proposed method was applied for power system AC state estimation of the IEEE 14-bus network and outperformed benchmark techniques.
An inspection approach for casting defects detection using image segmentation

Casting defects are significant factors to overall quality of foundry manufactures. The detection and recognition of these defects can provide effective information for production optimization and efficient product life cycle support. The paper suggests an innovative approach for casting defects detection using their classification for a futuristic automated optical inspection. This research proposes a novel technique that utilizes image segmentation to detect casting surface defects. The defects under scrutiny include cracks, blowholes and pinholes that are initially filtered to remove noise and clutter, subsequently the target image is segmented using K-Means partitioning. Hence, the proposed technique shows promising results to classify casting defects using the aforementioned image segmentation technique.
Brodie abscess of the jaw: An unusual presentation of a rare complication of subacute osteomyelitis

Background: A Brodie abscess is a rare subtype of subacute osteomyelitis which can be acquired from local trauma or hematogenous spread secondary to transient bacteremia. However, to date there have been no reports of the presence of a Brodie abscess in the mandible. Case representation: Here we report a case of a 51-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of left sided facial pain and trismus after recent dental manipulation. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence of osteomyelitis with a Brodie abscess in the mandibular condyle. Empiric treatment was initiated with ampicillinsulbactam. After seven days of treatment, the antibiotics were switched to ceftriaxone and metronidazole on discharge. Five days later the patient returned to the hospital with the same symptoms that she initially presented with, indicating a failure of treatment. Follow-up CT scan showed the persistence of the Brodie abscess. Subsequently, IV ertapenem was initiated for a duration of eight weeks and the patient was instructed to obtain an oral surgery evaluation as an outpatient. Conclusions: This case highlights a unique presentation of a Brodie abscess, which has been previously exclusively found in long bones, and raises awareness of such a complication in patients whose facial erythema, pain, and swelling may not improve with first line therapy for a simple dental infection. Additionally, we highlight that the unique location of the mandibular condyle poses a treatment challenge and surgical replacement of the jaw appears to be the lone curative modality.
Nanowire Reinforcements for Improving the Interlaminar Properties of Textile Composites

A novel technique to improve the Mode-I and Mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness and low-velocity impact response of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymeric matrix composite face sheets using zinc oxide nanowires is proposed. Zinc oxide nanowires are directionally synthesized on dry carbon fabrics, which are then used to manufacture laminates. The influence of zinc oxide nanowires on the interlaminar fracture toughness is evaluated using double cantilever beam and end-notched flexure tests. The fracture toughness values determined are compared against regular interfaces. Significant improvement in the Mode-I (up to 85%) and Mode-II (about 28%) interlaminar fracture toughness values is observed with zinc oxide nanowires. Therefore, nanowire interlaminar reinforcements appear to enhance the interlaminar fracture toughness of textile composites. Next, low-velocity impact responses are investigated and the degree of damage is experimentally determined. The experiments reveal that the samples with ZnO nanowires experience a lower degree of damage, up to a maximum of 25% for different impact energies, in comparison to the samples without. Therefore, the study presented in this chapter shows the potential of using ZnO nanowires as interlaminar reinforcements for woven composites to improve their impact damage resistance.
Adenoma recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection: propensity score analysis of old and new colonoscopes and Sydney recurrence tool implementation.

Background and study aims Risk factors for colorectal adenoma recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) have been well documented. We assessed the efficacy of the newer 190 colonoscope versus the standard 180 colonoscope for complete resection of lateral spreading lesions. Patients and methods A single-center, retrospective study of patients who underwent EMR with Olympus 180 or 190 colonoscopes from January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2016. We included patients with lesions ≥ 20 mm and surveillance colonoscopy (SC1) after index EMR. A propensity score approach with inverse probability weighting was used to control for potential confounders. A secondary aim was to identify risk factors for recurrence and assess the applicability of the Sydney EMR recurrence tool (SERT) by grading each lesion of our cohort and analyzing associations with recurrence. Results Two hundred ninety-one lesions met inclusion criteria for the study. Odds ratio (OR) for recurrence with the 190 colonoscope was 1.06 (P = .85). Adenoma size (P = .02) and use of argon plasma coagulation (APC; P 0 had a higher recurrence risk during follow-up (32 % vs 21 %; OR 1.71; P = .05). Lesions with SERT scores = 0 reached a plateau for recurrence at 12 and 18 months in Kaplan-Meier curves. Conclusions The use of 190 colonoscopes did not measurably affect adenoma recurrence at SC1. Recurrence was associated with adenoma size, complementary APC for resection, and SERT scores > 0. Lesions with SERT scores = 0 that remain negative for recurrence at 18 months may return to routine surveillance.
Under the Tavern Table: Excavations at the Tavern on Smuttynose Island, Maine and Implications for Commensal Politics and Informal Economy

Recent archaeological studies have highlighted the sociability of drinking spaces as a means to better understand quotidian activities of non-elites. Through research conducted at Smuttynose Island, in the Isles of Shoals, Maine, I illustrate an often-overlooked narrative of the Atlantic World, and especially colonial North America – the daily life of individuals working within frontier resource extraction communities. Further, I argue that such communities and their assemblages fall within a continuum which places cosmopolitan city-centers on one end and rural settlements on the other.
Validation of diffuse correlation spectroscopy sensitivity to nicotinamide-induced blood flow elevation in the murine hindlimb using the fluorescent microsphere technique.

Nicotinamide has been shown to affect blood flow in both tumor and normal tissues, including skeletal muscle. Intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide was used as a simple intervention to test the sensitivity of noninvasive diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to changes in blood flow in the murine left quadriceps femoris skeletal muscle. DCS was then compared with the gold-standard fluorescent microsphere (FM) technique for validation. The nicotinamide dose-response experiment showed that relative blood flow measured by DCS increased following treatment with 500- and 1000-mg / kg nicotinamide. The DCS and FM technique comparison showed that blood flow index measured by DCS was correlated with FM counts quantified by image analysis. The results of this study show that DCS is sensitive to nicotinamide-induced blood flow elevation in the murine left quadriceps femoris. Additionally, the results of the comparison were consistent with similar studies in higher-order animal models, suggesting that mouse models can be effectively employed to investigate the utility of DCS for various blood flow measurement applications.
A Qualitative Study of the Real-world Experiences of Infectious Diseases Fellows Regarding Antibiotic Stewardship.

Background Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a major threat to public health, yet improper use of antibiotics remains high. Infectious Diseases (ID) fellows play a major role in antibiotic stewardship efforts, but there is little research on how they view stewardship activities. We performed a qualitative study to explore ID fellows' experiences and perspectives regarding their antibiotic stewardship training and their role as future antibiotic stewards. Methods We conducted 17 in-depth interviews with ID fellows across the country. The interviews were transcribed verbatim by the study team, and we used grounded theory to generate themes from these interviews. Results Fellows focused on concrete tasks of stewardship such as performing antibiotic approvals, didactic and case-based education, and interactions with other physicians and pharmacists. There was little focus on the broader public health relevance of antibiotic stewardship. Pharmacists, not ID physician leaders, were identified as fellows' primary resource for antibiotic teaching. Several fellows suggested that stewardship programs should be led by pharmacists. Conclusions ID fellowship training is not successfully conveying the public health importance of antibiotic stewardship or the role of ID physicians as leaders of antibiotic stewardship programs. Fellows are more focused on concrete tasks related to stewardship. ID training programs and societies should consider developing robust curricula involving fellows in the operation of the stewardship program itself, not solely in antibiotic approvals, emphasizing aspects of the program such as complex problem solving that fellows find most compelling, and emphasizing the important role these programs serve in improving public health.
A novel spectrum enhancement technique for multi-temporal, multi-spectral data using spatial-temporal filtering

Abstract Time-sequence remote sensing images are usually captured under varying acquisition conditions due to atmospheric differences, lighting condition, humidity etc. Comparing the spectral values of the well-registered images taken at a different time is a complicated issue due to the non-linear spectrum distortion caused by these effects. Atmospheric correction can eliminate part of the errors, while precisely removing it requires many other in-situ data such as the weather condition and optical aerosol depth. We propose an algorithm that performs spatial-temporal inferences that correct the spectral values through a data-driven approach - we developed a simple 3D spatiotemporal filtering method that uses the time-sequence imagery themselves to homogenize the spectral property of similar objects while being heterogeneous to objects with significant differences. We have performed extensive experiments using medium resolution Landsat dataset and high-resolution Planet imagery, by evaluating the classification results from both classic machine learning (sample selected from the current image) and transfer learning (samples selected from one dataset and applied to the other dataset). The experiments results show that the proposed 3D spatiotemporal filter can improve the accuracy of classification using transfer learning by ≈5%, ≈15%, and ≈2%. We have also demonstrated that the enhanced time-sequence image offers much better change detection outputs using just a simple image differencing method. The improved results in typical remote sensing tasks indicate our proposed method being effective for time-sequence data preprocessing.
Recent Advances in Delivering Mental Health Treatment via Video to Home.

Telemental health has rapidly evolved as technology and policy advances have allowed new and innovative approaches, including the remote delivery of services directly to patients’ homes. This review examined the literature on video to home (VTH) delivery of mental health services to synthesize information regarding (1) the comparative clinical effectiveness of VTH to in-person mental health treatment, (2) impact of VTH on treatment adherence, (3) patient and provider satisfaction with VTH, (4) cost effectiveness of VTH, and (5) clinical considerations for VTH use. Clinical effectiveness, treatment adherence, and patient satisfaction outcomes are comparable for VTH and in-person delivery of psychotherapy and psychiatric consultation services. Clinical applications for VTH have expanded in an effort to provide mental health care to difficult to reach, underserved populations. VTH is less costly than in-person care when assuming that patients could employ existing personal technologies. VTH delivery offers a safe and effective option for increasing access to mental health care for patients who face logistical and stigma-related barriers to receiving in-person treatment. VTH should be routinely offered to patients as an option for receiving care, maximizing patient choice, and coordination of care.
Investigating alliance network changes in the green-tech industry with alliance partner distance

In this study, I address the topic of interorganizational network evolution by exploring a factor that affects alliance network structure. This study explores the effects of environmental uncertain...
Event-Driven with an Update-Repaint Chain: A Game Blackjack

The game Blackjack further illustrates the event-driven strategy. Its GUI also consists of two portions. The output board not only displays text but also shows more complicated graphics and images. The input panel arranges software components for supporting the player’s inputted data and actions. Following an abstract game model, the game clearly sets apart the game GUI from the game logic and closely links them together through event listeners and event handlers. It is that the abstract game model constructs a loosely coupled software system, which should be a designing guidance for constructing any games. In addition, the game adapts the truth table for determining “when to show what.”
Mesolimbic microglia display regionally distinct developmental trajectories

ABSTRACT Microglia play critical roles during CNS development and undergo dramatic changes in tissue distribution, morphology, and gene expression as they transition from embryonic to neonatal to adult microglial phenotypes. Despite the magnitude of these phenotypic shifts, little is known about the time course and dynamics of these transitions and whether they vary across brain regions. Here we define the time course of microglial maturation in key regions of the basal ganglia in mice where significant regional differences in microglial phenotype are present in adults. We found that microglial density peaks in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) during the third postnatal week, driven by a burst of microglial proliferation. Microglial abundance is then refined to adult levels through a combination of tissue expansion and microglial programmed cell death. This overproduction and refinement of microglia was significantly more pronounced in the NAc and was accompanied by a sharp peak in NAc microglial lysosome abundance in the third postnatal week. Collectively, these data identify a key developmental window when elevated microglial density in discrete basal ganglia nuclei may support circuit refinement and could increase susceptibility to inflammatory insults.
Lactonization as a general route to β-C( sp 3 )–H functionalization

Functionalization of the β-C-H bonds of aliphatic acids is emerging as a valuable synthetic disconnection that complements a wide range of conjugate addition reactions1-5. Despite efforts for β-C-H functionalization in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, these have numerous crucial limitations, especially for industrial-scale applications, including lack of mono-selectivity, use of expensive oxidants and limited scope6-13. Notably, the majority of these reactions are incompatible with free aliphatic acids without exogenous directing groups. Considering the challenge of developing C-H activation reactions, it is not surprising that achieving different transformations requires independent catalyst design and directing group optimizations in each case. Here we report a Pd-catalysed β-C(sp3)-H lactonization of aliphatic acids enabled by a mono-N-protected β-amino acid ligand. The highly strained and reactive β-lactone products are versatile linchpins for the mono-selective installation of diverse alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkynyl, fluoro, hydroxyl and amino groups at the β position of the parent acid, thus providing a route to many carboxylic acids. The use of inexpensive tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant to promote the desired selective reductive elimination from the Pd(IV) centre, as well as the ease of product purification without column chromatography, render this reaction amenable to tonne-scale manufacturing.
Inclusion of Theory for Evidence-Based School Counseling Practice and Scholarship:

Evidence-based school counseling requires that practitioners and scholars utilize formal counseling theory. Theories that inform school counseling must cohere with the unique needs of students and ...
The relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes: a systematic scoping review

Household chaos, represented by the level of disorganisation or environmental confusion in the home, has been associated with a range of adverse child and family outcomes. This review aims to (1) identify how household chaos is measured, (2) chart study details of household chaos literature, and (3) map the existing literature with respect to the relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes. We expect that this review will highlight the need to consider the importance of household chaos in child well-being research, particularly in those families where children may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of household chaos. We searched five electronic databases (last updated September 1st 2018) in addition to Google Scholar, and identified publications via a 3-stage screening process, which was conducted by two researchers. Published studies were included if they investigated the association between household chaos and child, parent, or family outcomes. Research that investigated household chaos as a mediator or moderator, or that investigated how the relationship between household chaos and the outcome of interest was mediated or moderated, were also included. One hundred twelve studies in 111 publications were included. The majority were conducted in the United States (n = 71), and used either cross-sectional (n = 60) or longitudinal (n = 49) study designs. Outcomes of interest were categorised into seven categories: (1) cognitive and academic (n = 16), (2) socio-emotional and behavioural (n = 60), (3) communication (n = 6), (4) parenting, family, and household functioning (n = 21), (5) parent outcomes (n = 6), (6) hormone (n = 8), and (7) physical health and health behaviours (n = 19). There was consistent evidence for significant correlations between household chaos and adverse outcomes across all seven categories in diverse populations with respect to age, disease status, and socio-economic status (SES). There is consistent evidence for associations between household chaos and a number of adverse child, parent, and family-level outcomes. Household chaos may also help describe variations in outcomes between low SES and child development.
Computational nanosensing from defocus in single particle interferometric reflectance microscopy

Single particle interferometric reflectance (SPIR) microscopy has been studied as a powerful imaging platform for label-free and highly sensitive biological nanoparticle detection and characterization. SPIR's interferometric nature yields a unique 3D defocus intensity profile of the nanoparticles over a large field of view. Here, we utilize this defocus information to recover high signal-to-noise ratio nanoparticle images with a computationally and memory efficient reconstruction framework. Our direct inversion approach recovers this image from a 3D defocus intensity stack using the vectorial-optics-based forward model developed for sub-diffraction-limited dielectric nanoparticles captured on a layered substrate. We demonstrate proof-of-concept experiments on silica beads with a 50 nm nominal diameter.
Clinical Faculty in the Legal Academy: Hiring, Promotion and Retention

This article represents a report written at the request by the Chair of the Association of American Law Schools Section on Clinical Legal Education to identify faculty leading clinical programs or employing clinical methodologies in order to distinguish the most robust models. In addressing the need to collect reliable data to assess clinical models, as well as the statuses of the educators who run them, this article facilitates much-needed conversation regarding the value of clinics and those who run them. Such areas of considerable value include content-based education, learning through performance, and consistent feedback, among others. Given the clinical model’s value, this article recommends a unitary tenure model and a continuing yet more limited approach for full-time and part-time educators, respectively, and notes points of tension that may flow from these recommendations. This article concludes with proposals as to how clinical models might be implemented to align with the group’s findings and recommendations