cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrobenzylthioinosine-sensitive and -resistant nucleoside transport in normal and transformed rat cells.

Abstract Cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma and Walker 256 carcinoma cells have previously been reported to express only nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI)-resistant uridine transport and to lack high affinity NBTI-binding sites, whereas the latter are common on all other types of cultured mammalian cells from different species ( (1–7)·10 5 sites/cell) which have been investigated with the exception of a transport-deficient cell variant which lacks high-affinity NBTI-binding sites. The present study shows that lack of NBTI sensitivity of transport and of NBTI-binding sites in Novikoff and Walker 256 cells are not related to the species or tissue origin of these cells. Uridine transport in a variant (NRM) of Novikoff hepatoma cells, in HTC rat hepatoma cells, normal rat kidney (NRK) cells, rat erythrocytes and rat hepatocytes was inhibited 15–60% by 10–500 nM NBTI and the cells expressed high-affinity NBTI-binding sites ( K d = ;0.1–0.6 nM ). The apparent turnover numbers for the NBTI-sensitive nucleoside carriers fell into two classes, with those for transformed cells about 10-times higher than those for the normal rat cells.
A Xenopus distal-less gene in transgenic mice: conserved regulation in distal limb epidermis and other sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction

Abstract In this paper, we show the conserved regulation of the homeodomain gene Distal-less-3 (Dlx-3) by analyzing the expression of a promoter from the Xenopus ortholog, Xdll-2, in transgenic mice. A 470-bp frog regulatory sequence confers appropriate expression on a lacZ reporter gene in the ectodermal component of structures derived from epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Remarkably, this includes structures absent in Xenopus, such as the hair follicle and mammary gland, suggesting that conserved regulatory elements can be used to control the formation of structures peculiar to individual species. In addition, expression of Dlx-3 in developing limbs is highest at the most distal portion. This pattern is duplicated by the Xenopus promoter, indicating that this DNA may include sequences responsive to conserved proximodistal patterning signals in the vertebrate limb.
THE EXTENT OF SOCIAL REGULATION: HAZARDOUS WASTE CLEANUP AND THE REAGAN IDEOLOGY

Social regulation resolves the conflict over who will bear the costs of production-related harm to public health, safety, and the environment. The extent of social regulation reflects the political power of affected interests, the economic consequences of control, and the prevailing regulatory ideol- ogy. In this paper, I analyze the impact of the Reagan deregulatory ideology on implementation of the Superfund program to cleanup hazardous waste sites. Itesolution of the conflict over enabling legislation is examined to gauge the relative political power of Superfund Act supporters. Resolution of the ronflict over implementation is examined to determine the extent to which these same political forces limited the success of the Reagan ideology in promoting regulatory inaction.
Urinary Chondroitin Sulfates, Heparan Sulfate and Total Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans in Interstitial Cystitis

ABSTRACTPurpose: We compared urinary glycosaminoglycan levels in patients with interstitial cystitis and healthy controls.Materials and Methods: Total sulfated glycosaminoglycans assayed by dimethylmethylene blue binding and individual glycosaminoglycans analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis were compared in patients with interstitial cystitis and healthy controls. Also, multiple urine samples were obtained from healthy female controls for 2 months to assess the relationship of urinary glycosaminoglycan and creatinine concentrations, and to determine whether glycosaminoglycan excretion changes during the menstrual cycle.Results: Total sulfated glycosaminoglycan and creatinine concentrations correlated well in random voided samples. Menstrual cycle day did not affect total sulfated glycosaminoglycan levels. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis revealed 3 bands corresponding to chondroitin sulfates, heparan sulfate and acidic glycoprotein. Patients with interstitial cystitis had decreased urinary conce...
Effects of ozone and acid rain on white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings grown in five soils. III. Nutrient relations

The effects of acid rain and ozone on nutrient relations of white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were assessed for potted seedlings grown in each of five forest soils. Ozone treatments consisted of frequent exposure to 0.02, 0.06, 0.10, or 0.14 ppm ozone, while acid rain treatments consisted of exposure to simulated rain of pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.5, or 3.0. Plants were treated with all combinations of acid rain and ozone levels, and treatments were administered for 4 months. Acid rain caused significant leaching of Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, and Cd from leaf litter on the soil surface, and soil Mg and K content declined as well. Concentrations in needles of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Cd, and Cr were significantly increased as a result of acid rain treatments. In roots, concentrations of N, Mn, Cd, and Cr were significantly elevated as a result of acid rain. Similar increasing but nonsignificant trends were observed for Mg, Zn, and Cu in needles and for P, K, Mg, Ca, and Cu in roots. However, despite the increases in all the major nutrien...
Chemistry of styrene (water)n clusters, n = 1-5: spectroscopy and structure of the neutral clusters, deprotonation of styrene dimer cation, and implication to the inhibition of cationic polymerization.

The styrene-water binary clusters SW n , with n = 1-5 have been studied by the (one-color) resonant two-photon ionization technique using the 0 0 0 resonance of styrene. The structures and energetics of the neutral clusters are investigated using a search technique that employs Monte Carlo procedure. The strong tendency for water molecules to form cyclic hydrogen-bonded structures is clearly observed in the SW n structures starting from n =3. The results indicate that the spectral shifts correlate with the interaction energies between styrene and the water subcluster (W n ) within the SW n clusters. Evidence is presented that points to (1) the formation of a covalent bonded styrene radical cation dimer following the 193 nm MPI of styrene neutral clusters, (2) proton transfer from the styrene dimer cation to the water or methanol subcluster, resulting in the formation of protonated water or methanol clusters and a styrene dimer radical, and (3) extensive solvation of the styrene dimer radical within the protonated solvent molecules. The proton-transfer reactions may explain the strong inhibition effects exerted by small concentrations of water or methanol on the cationic polymerization of styrene. These results provide a molecular level view of the inhibition mechanism exerted by protic solvents on the cationic polymerization of styrene.
16-sulfates of estriol in body fluids of human pregnancy at term.

Abstract A method was developed for the assay of estriol-16-sulfate (E 3 -16s) and estriol-3, 16-disulfate (E 3 -3, 16-diS) in maternal serum, cord serum and amniotic fluid at delivery in human pregnancy, Tritiated E 3 -16S and E 3 -3, 16-diS are added to the fluid being analyzed. The conjugates are separated and purified by sequential chromatography on alumina, Celite and Sephadex LH-20. Each conjugate is hydrolyzed with Glusulase and the released estriol is quantified by radioimmunoassay. E 3 -3, 16-diS was found in each fluid, most concentrated in the cord serum. Small amounts of E 3 -16S were found in some amniotic fluids, and this conjugate was virtually absent from the sera. These new estriol conjugates comprise less than 1 percent of total estriol, apparently too low to be of diagnostic value in human pregnancy.
Do juvenile drug courts reduce recidivism?: Outcomes of drug court and an adolescent substance abuse program

Juvenile drug courts have emerged as “innovative” responses to juvenile drug offenders, but comparatively little is known about their operations. This paper presents results of a retrospective comparison of drug court participants to an adolescent substance abuse program (ASAP) to examine which participants fared better in terms of future recidivism. Using data collected from official case files, we compared recidivism levels for all juveniles (n = 150) terminated from drug court between 1996 and 1999 with those of a random sample of juveniles (n = 158) terminated from ASAP during 1994 and 1995. Biand multivariate analyses were conducted to identify whether significant differences existed between the groups concerning re-arrest (recidivism) over a 24-month post-release observation period. Study results highlighted by logistic regression analyses suggesting that juveniles in drug court were no more likely to recidivate than were juveniles in ASAP is a positive finding for the drug court program and is an indication that the program is working, especially given the serious nature of this juvenile offender population.
Time optimal trajectories for cooperative multi-robot systems

A methodology to determine the time-optimal trajectories for cooperative multi-manipulator systems (CMMSs) is described. The dynamics of CMMSs, the joint torque constraints, the constraints on the internal forces, and the distribution of the payload are incorporated into the algorithm. Linear programming techniques are utilized to find the admissible phase plane boundary. Once the admissible phase plane region is found, the actual CMMS time-optimal trajectory can be constructed by employing a similar approach used in single robot minimum time trajectory planning techniques. The minimum-time trajectories which are obtained from the algorithm for a fixed path result in trajectories which do not apply excessive forces on the manipulator object. >
Deconvoluting the 'omics' for organ transplantation.

Purpose of reviewThe desire for biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases has never been greater. With the availability of genome data and an increased availability of proteome data, the discovery of biomarkers has become increasingly feasible. This article reviews some recent applications
Detection and organ-specific ablation of neuroendocrine cells by synaptophysin locus-based BAC cassette in transgenic mice.

The role of cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system in development and maintenance of individual organs and tissues remains poorly understood. Here we identify a regulatory region sufficient for accurate in vivo expression of synaptophysin (SYP), a common marker of neuroendocrine differentiation, and report generation of Tg(Syp-EGFPloxP-DTA)147Ayn (SypELDTA) mice suitable for flexible organ-specific ablation of neuroendocrine cells. These mice express EGFP and diphtheria toxin fragment A (DTA) in SYP positive cells before and after Cre-loxP mediated recombination, respectively. As a proof of principle, we have crossed SypELDTA mice with EIIA-Cre and PB-Cre4 mice. EIIA-Cre mice express Cre recombinase in a broad range of tissues, while PB-Cre4 mice specifically express Cre recombinase in the prostate epithelium. Double transgenic EIIA-Cre; SypELDTA embryos exhibited massive cell death in SYP positive cells. At the same time, PB-Cre4; SypELDTA mice showed a substantial decrease in the number of neuroendocrine cells and associated prostate hypotrophy. As no increase in cell death and/or Cre-loxP mediated recombination was observed in non-neuroendocrine epithelium cells, these results suggest that neuroendocrine cells play an important role in prostate development. High cell type specificity of Syp locus-based cassette and versatility of generated mouse model should assure applicability of these resources to studies of neuroendocrine cell functions in various tissues and organs.
Acoustic eigenmodes of corrugated ducts

Acoustic propagation in two‐dimensional corrugated ducts is analyzed. A transform is made to a coordinate system that matches the duct walls. The resulting wave equation separates in space and time. The spatial differential equation is then solved by expanding in the eigenfunctions of a flat‐walled duct. The prescription for this expansion is given by the appropriate application of time‐independent perturbation theory. Calculations of first‐order corrections for sinusoidal ducts of finite and infinite length are presented. A general conformal transform for symmetric ducts of arbitrary cross section is also included. [This work was supported by NASA Lewis Research Center under Research Grant NGR 22‐009‐805.]
SWEET CORN: VARIETAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN AMINO ACID CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF GRAIN

Grain of three varieties of hybrid sweet corn was harvested and analyzed at approximately 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after pollination to establish variation in composition and amino acid content among varieties and during course of grain maturation. In all three varieties, percent protein content on a dry basis dropped markedly after 15 days post-pollination but remained fairly constant at 12–13% during later development. Fat increased steadily from 3 to 7 or 8% (dry basis) in all varieties. Lysine content decreased after 15 days, but sulfur amino acids increased to a maximum at 60 days. At 28–30 days, when sweet corn is generally harvested for canning, lysine content of the grain ranged from 3.8–4.3g per 100g of protein.
Migration and depressive symptoms in migrant-sending areas: findings from the survey of internal migration and health in China

Objectives China has experienced large-scale internal migration and growing mental health disorders. Limited research has examined the relationship between the two processes. We examined the association between labor out-migration and depressive symptoms of family members left behind in migrant-sending areas.
A three-tiered approach to differentiate Listeria monocytogenes biofilm-forming abilities

The purpose of this research was to develop a system for cultivating and evaluating Listeria monocytogenes biofilms that produces consistent and reliable results. A three-tiered approach was used to evaluate biofilm-forming abilities of three L. monocytogenes strains that were originally associated with listeriosis outbreaks. A L. monocytogenes 'honeycomb' biofilm structure was described. L. monocytogenes strains Scott A and V7 were comparable in developing biofilm network structures and F2365 was less effective in forming biofilm. This three-tiered method can be very useful for further biofilm studies.
Intelligibility of Time-Compressed CNC Monosyllables

The effects of time-compressed monosyllabic CNCs on the auditory discrimination performance of 96 young adults with normal hearing were studied. Five conditions of time compression, 30% through 70%...
Ups and downs of alcohol use among first-year college students: Number of drinks, heavy drinking, and stumble and pass out drinking days

Given the dynamic fluctuating nature of alcohol use among emerging adults (Del Boca, Darkes, Greenbaum, & Goldman, 2004), patterns of alcohol use were modeled across 70 days in an intensive repeated-measures diary design. Two hundred first-year college students provided 10 weekly reports of their daily alcohol consumption via computer-assisted telephone interviews. Multi-level models demonstrated large within-person variability across days in drinks consumed, binge drinking, and days exceeding self-reported limits for stumbling around and passing out; these outcome variables were predicted by weekdays vs. weekend days (within-person) and gender, age of drinking initiation, fraternity/sorority membership, and alcohol motivations (between-persons). Repeated measurement of alternate indicators of alcohol use permits the examination of novel and important questions about alcohol use and abuse particularly in young adult and other erratically drinking populations.
Heterogeneity in 12-month outcome among female and male smokers.

Aims To examine heterogeneity in outcome following treatment for smoking cessation with combined bupropion SR and behavioral counseling in women and men. Design, setting, participants This study included 875 women and 649 men recruited from a large health-care system and randomized to one of four combinations of treatment [two dosage levels of bupropion SR (Zyban®, 150 mg and 300 mg) were crossed with two counseling programs of lower and higher intensity to create a four-cell design]. Measurements and findings A comprehensive set of relevant individual characteristics prior to treatment and treatment characteristics was included in the analysis. Smoking outcome at 12 months was defined as point-prevalence of any regular smoking within the 7 days prior to follow-up contact. Classification and regression tree analysis identified six subgroups in women that ranged in proportion of non-smokers from 9.8% to 42.9% and six subgroups in men that ranged in proportion of non-smokers from 17.3% to 50.0%. Conclusions These results indicate the presence of a substantial amount of variation in treatment outcome among women and men receiving combined bupropion SR and counseling. Variation in outcome could be reduced by providing treatments tailored to subgroups of individuals who are at exceptionally high risk for smoking following cessation.
Mixing-cell method for design of trickle-bed reactors

Abstract The performance of a trickle bed is analyzed in terms of a mixing-cell concept in which the three-phase reactor is visualized as a number of mixing cells in series. Results are presented for an isothermal system involving a reaction of general-order kinetics and incorporating all mass transfer resistances. Limiting cases of very slow, and rapid, gas—liquid mass transfer are also considered. The utility of the new model is illustrated with an application to the oxidation of formic acid and by using the method to compare the performance of slurry and trickle-bed reactors.
A stereospecific palladium mediated [3+2] cycloaddition

The [3+2] palladium mediated cycloaddition to methyl (E)- and (Z) - (R)-4/5-di-O-isopropylidene-pent-2-enoates parallels the Diels-Alder reactions of these same acceptors.
Functional analysis of genetic mutations in nucleotide binding domain 2 of the human retina specific ABC transporter

The rod outer segment (ROS) ABC transporter (ABCR) plays an important role in the outer segment of retinal rod cells, where it functions as a transporter of all-trans retinal, most probably as the complex lipid, retinylidene-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine. We report here a quantitative analysis of the structural and functional effects of genetic mutations, associated with several macular degenerations, in the second nucleotide-binding domain of ABCR (NBD2). We have analyzed the ATP binding, kinetics of ATP hydrolysis, and structural changes. The results of these multifaceted analyses were correlated with the disease severity and prognosis. Results presented here demonstrated that, in wild type NBD2, distinct conformational changes accompany nucleotide (ATP and ADP) binding. Upon ATP binding, NBD2 protein changed to a relaxed conformation where tryptophans became more solvent-exposed, while ADP binding reverses this process and leads back to a taut conformation that is also observed with the unbound protein. This sequence of conformational change appears to be important in the energetics of the ATP hydrolysis and may have important structural consequences in the ability of the NBD2 domain to act as a regulator of the nucleotide-binding domain 1. Some of the mutant proteins displayed strikingly different patterns of conformational changes upon nucleotide binding that pointed to unique structural consequences of these genetic mutations. The ABCR dysfunctions, associated with various retinopathies, are multifaceted in nature and include alterations in protein structure as well as the attenuation of ATPase activity and nucleotide binding.
Retained Woody Structure in 1- to 2-Year-Old Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Plantations in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas: Implications for Wildlife Conservation

Information regarding how site preparation techniques affect residual woody structure is lacking for the southern United States in spite of the importance of such structure for many wildlife species. Therefore, we documented retained structure in young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations established using four common site preparation regimes: mechanical only, chemical only, chemical + mechanical, or chemical + prescribed burning. Herbicides reduced live tree density and increased snag density relative to mechanical methods. Prescribed burning reduced density of coarse woody debris (CWD) along with density and volume of piled CWD relative to chemical and mechanical methods. Our results provide a baseline for further studies of wildlife and retained structure in southern pine forests.
New Compounds: Convenient Preparation of Nicotinoyl Glycine Derivatives

A simple preparation of nicotinoyl glycine derivatives by the anhydride method is reported.
Debunching of Electron Beams Constrained by Strong Magnetic Fields

To obtain a clearer insight into the design of velocity modulated tubes, a more complete understanding of the bunching process is required. A theory, to be useful in the design of high power tubes, should include the effects of space charge and large signals. Although such a theory has not yet been developed, a small signal theory, due to Feenberg, including the effects of space charge, has been obtained for some useful physical configurations. This paper deals with the experimental confirmation of this theory and the determination of its range of validity. Numerous experiments were devised to check the various aspects of the theory, and results of these are presented. Tests were made on a conventional two-cavity klystron with a cylindrical drift-tube and gridless gaps at the cavities. Transverse motion of the electrons was constrained by a large axial magnetic field. The extrapolation of the theory beyond its obvious range of validity is shown to be accurate even for large values of the bunching parameter such as to include the first peak of the output current.
Speech anxiety as a multiplicative function of size of audience and social desirability.

Social impact theory, especially the constructs of importance and number of people present, have been useful in explaining the magnitude of speech anxiety experienced by speakers. In the present st...
NanoV: nanowire-based VLSI design

In the coming decade, CMOS technology is expected to approach its scaling limitations. Among the proposed nan-otechnologies, nanowires have the edge in the size of circuits and logic arrays that have already been fabricated and experimentally evaluated. For this technology, logic-level design methodologies are being developed. The time has now come to develop automated tools for implementing VLSI designs using nanowires. In this paper, we discuss a design automation tool, called NanoV, to fulfill this need for nanowires. It is a complete logic-to-layout tool with built-in defect-aware steps since the defect levels in nanotechnologies are expected to be relatively high (between 1 to 10%). We are unaware of any other such comprehensive VLSI design tool for nanowires. We report area/delay/power results for various benchmarks implemented using our tool. We intend to make the tool available on the web.
Gains or losses: molecular mechanisms of TDP43-mediated neurodegeneration

RNA-binding proteins, and in particular TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43), are central to the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases and related neurodegenerative disorders. Studies on human tissue have implicated several possible mechanisms of disease and experimental studies are now attempting to determine whether TDP43-mediated neurodegeneration results from a gain or a loss of function of the protein. In addition, the distinct possibility of pleotropic or combined effects - in which gains of toxic properties and losses of normal TDP43 functions act together - needs to be considered.
Social policy and the construction of need: A critical examination of the geography of needs assessments for low-income women's health

Abstract In public health care, needs assessments are a common practice, often done once a year or every couple of years, to determine arenas on which providers should focus their prime attention. The structure of needs assessments varies between political boundaries, but within political boundaries (e.g. state, county, etc.) they are generally standardized so that organizations offering similar types of care may compare results and streamline strategies. Public health providers, however, often see needs assessments as bureaucratic mazes through which providers must navigate to gain state and federal dollars. Despite this image, needs assessments play an integral role in how governmentally subsidized health care services are provided and delivered. Equally important, needs assessment design may at once reinforce and be reinforced by existing geographies of inequality and associated social policy regarding subsidized populations. The purpose of this paper is to examine this mutually constitutive relationship between social policy and spatiality using an empirical example in the public health arena, specifically, the needs assessment process for federally subsidized women's health care clinics in Butler County, Ohio, where I worked as an intern on a three year needs assessment in 1993. The paper focuses on how the problem definition process (the use of indicators of need) constitutes and is constituted by a dualistic conception of health care provision which views health care as either preventive or sick care and the provision of care as either site specific or individual specific. I criticize this binary conception and then analyze it in terms of the geographical implications for low income women and children seeking subsidized health care. The paper has three sections. The first section lays out a theoretical framework through which social policy analysis may be understood. The second section offers an introduction to the study area and the needs assessment methodology for subsidized women's health care clinics in Ohio. The third and final section examines the geographical implications of the needs assessment process in Ohio.
The organization of the hippocampus of the fence lizard: A light microscopic study†

The hippocampus of the fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) is composed of two laminated regions that are readily distinguishable on the basis of position and perikaryal size in Nissl preparations: the small-celled (Hsc) and the large-celled (Hlc) hippocampal divisions. Based upon cellular and fibrillar characteristics, the layers of the Hsc are: (1) the superficial plexiform layer; (2) the cellular layer; (3) the deep plexiform layer; (4) the layer of deep fibers, or alveus; and, (5) the ventricular ependyma. The layers of the Hlc are: (1) the tangential layer; (2) the molecular layer; (3) the pyramidal layer; (4) the deep plexiform layer; (5) the alveus; and, (6) the ventricular ependyma. The neurons of each hippocampal layer were grouped into classes based upon somal position and appearance, and dentritic and axonal arborization patterns in Golgi sections. Neurons of the Hsc are more numerous and pleomorphic than those of the Hlc. Data do not suggest an intrinsic organization that closely parallels that found in the mammalian hippocampus.
Measurement of particle residence time and particle acceleration in an arterial model by an automatic particle-tracking system

ABSTRACTAn automatic three dimensional particle tracking technique has been applied to the study ofparticle motion in modeled flow field. Equipment used for this technique is a high speed videorecording system, Kodak Ektapro 1000, with two cameras arranged relatively orthogonally to takesequential pictures of fluid particle motion in two different views. Two fluid dynamic propertiesderived by this automatic three dimensional particle tracking technique are presented in this paper. These properties are particle residence time and particle acceleration. 1. INTRODUCTION Fluid dynamic measurements have been used extensively by researchers to elucidate the flowcharacteristics in physical models. Traditionally, fluid dynamic properties have been measured by theEulerian method because the measuring probes have been fixed in a specific position, and because the governing fluid dynamic equations have been typically written in Eulerian form. For example, data obtained by laser Doppler anemometry, hot film anemometry and pulsed Doppler ultrasound are all
Bounded angle iterative decoding of LDPC codes

A modification to the usual iterative decoding algorithm for LDPC codes, called bounded angle iterative (BA-I) decoding, is introduced. The modified decoder erases codewords detected during iterations that fall outside a maximum decoding angle with respect to the received observation. The new algorithm is applicable in scenarios that demand a very low undetected error rate but require short LDPC codes that are too vulnerable to undetected errors when the usual iterative decoding algorithm is used. BA-I decoding provides a means of reducing the maximum undetected error rate for short LDPC codes significantly, by incorporating a simple extra condition into the iterative decoder structure without redesigning the code. The reduction in undetected error rate comes at a price of increasing the threshold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for achieving a good overall error rate, but this increase in channel threshold can be minimized by allowing the decoderpsilas maximum decoding angle to vary with SNR.
Flashlight: using Bizup’s BEAM to illuminate the rhetoric of research

Purpose – This paper aims to demonstrate how a librarian at a liberal arts college partnered with a professor of rhetoric and media studies to teach students methods to classify sources using Bizup’s BEAM. Design/methodology/approach – Students in rhetorical criticism, read the Bizup article on BEAM. The library instruction included a discussion of the article and an application exercise where students classified cited references in a peer-reviewed journal article using BEAM. Findings – BEAM was a valuable addition to the rhetorical criticism course. The application exercise used in the library instruction session introduced BEAM as a tool to be used in reading and evaluating sources. Students were able to apply what they learned as they selected, deciphered and interpreted sources of information for use in their academic writing. Practical implications – Librarians teaching in a variety of academic disciplines may use or adapt BEAM as a tool for helping students learn to critically evaluate information s...
A correction for the effect of the dead space in pulmonary gas washout tests.

Under the assumption that there is complete mixing in the dead space a series of equations are given which give the values for a washout test of the functional component of the pulmonary bellows (without a dead space) in terms of the washout values of the bellows with a dead space.
Controlled Dissolution of Organosilica Sol−Gels as a Means for Water-Regulated Release/Delivery of Actives in Fabric Care Applications

Organosilica sol−gels functionalized with amino groups are used for the controlled release of encapsulated molecules including biomolecules. These gels prepared by hydrolysis of aminosilane precursors are characterized by water-induced changes in network formation and dissolution and as a result can be used as controlled release matrixes on the basis of the water content of the medium. The gels were initially evaluated for release of simple organic dyes such as Congo red as a result of the water-induced dissolution of gels. These gels can also be used as a means for controlled release of encapsulated entities including enzymes such as proteases that are used in fabric care applications. The rapid dissolution of these gels when placed in water-rich media provides an effective strategy for release and/or delivery of actives with potential utility in fabric care applications. The encapsulated enzymes are able to retain their activity and remain stable for extended periods. The gels were characterized by FTIR...
The effect of imposed watet stress on the development and ultrastructure of wheat chloroplasts

Etiolated 6-day old wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Chris’) seedlings were subjected to osmotic stress by the application of polyethylene glycol 12 hours prior to exposure to continuous illumination for a 48 hours period.
The effect of cathode porosity on the performance of a cylindrical alkaline cell

Abstract The effects of varying initial cathode porosity on the discharge performance of an AA-size Zn/MnO2 alkaline cell are studied. An existing model is used to simulate cell behavior. Cell discharge time is chosen as the quantity to maximize for a continuous galvanostatic discharge with a prescribed cutoff voltage. An algorithm is developed that compensates for changes in initial cathode porosity by altering initial anode porosity, with initial separator porosity maintained constant. A constant capacity ratio and fixed external cell geometry are also constraints in this procedure. A different approach is incorporated into the design scheme whereby cathode void volume is obtained by removing graphite from the cathode solid material, without accounting for expected matrix conductivity changes. For each amount of graphite removed, the model predicts an optimum initial porosity for maximizing the discharge time. The longest discharge time occurs when all graphite is removed from the cathode. The influence of effective cathode matrix conductivity is investigated separately.
Bladder reconstruction in rabbits with glutaraldehyde-stablilized amniotic membranes

Glutaraldehyde-treated human amniotic membranes were used to repair rabbit bladders after supratrigonal cystectomies. The membranes maintained the integrity of the bladders until healing and reepithelialization occurred. There was no significant loss of bladder capacity or decreased renal function postoperatively. Calcification did not occur on the membranes but was noted on chromic sutures retaining the membranes in 7 of 27 bladders. These findings suggest that glutaraldehyde-stabilized amnion is well tolerated by the urothelium and may serve as a suitable material for replacement of genitourinary tissues.
Polar Embedded Catmull-Clark Subdivision Surface

In this paper, a new subdivision scheme for Polar embedded Catmull-Clark mesh structure is presented. The ripple effect commonly found at high-valence extraordinary points of a CCS surface is improved by replacing high-valence CCS extraordinary faces with triangular Polar faces. The new scheme is valence independent and is stationary. By using the same subdivision mask on both the quadrilateral part and the triangular part, artifacts that have been noticed before (mismatching subdivision masks, exponentially increased Valence at Polar extraordinary points by the recursive subdivision process) are resolved. Test results show that with the new scheme, one can generate very high quality, curvature continuous subdivision surfaces on the triangular part. Combined with current CCS G2 schemes, one can generate high quality subdivision surfaces appropriate for most engineering applications on any Polar embedded Catmull-Clark control meshes.
Economic Development in Taiwan: Escaping the State—Market Dichotomy:

The case of a very successful developing country—Taiwan—is examined in order to assess the importance of market phenomena and governmental policy leadership for promoting development. In their analysis of postwar Taiwan, therefore, the authors reject the temptation to dichotomize ‘state versus market’, and instead argue strongly in favor of a ‘state and market’ approach. The ability to accommodate and manipulate economic market forces was central to Taiwan's economic miracle because the island's businesses became highly competitive on world markets and carved out a niche of comparative advantage in the global economy. Much of the credit for this, furthermore, rests with the flexible production of small private firms. However, the state also played a significant role in boosting the island's competitiveness by promoting several structural transformations of the economy, creating a good business environment for entrepreneurs, channeling foreign capital into a few vital sectors, and financing infrastructure ...
Finasteride blocks progesterone synthesis in MA-10 Leydig tumor cells

The 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, finasteride, inhibits progesterone synthesis in the MA-10 Leydig tumor cells. Inhibition is dose-dependent with half maximal inhibition occurring at 10 ng/ml, a concentration significantly less than serum concentrations detected in finasteride-treated patients. Experiments to localize the site of inhibition by this compound revealed that the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 5-->delta 4 isomerase enzyme was not blocked by finasteride, but that cholesterol side-chain cleavage was inhibited. Thus, both dibutyryl-cAMP-stimulated and 22-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated steroidogenesis were inhibited by finasteride. This effect of finasteride to block cholesterol side-chain cleavage may be species-specific. Inhibition is readily detected in the mouse-derived MA-10 cells; however, human granulosa cell steroidogenesis is finasteride-insensitive while rat Leydig cell steroidogenesis is only minimally effected by finasteride.
Delayed fluorescence ODMR in isotopically mixed naphthalene crystals: Effect of critical concentration transport on signal polarity

Abstract Optical detection of magnetic resonance has been observed in the delayed fluorescence (DF) from crystals of perprotonated naphthalene (N-h) in perdeuterated naphthalene (N-d) at 1.7 K. Signals corresponding to N-h traps and translationally equivalent dimers have been observed in both phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence. While the phosphorescence ODMR transitions are positive (increase in light) the DF-ODMR is negative in a 2.7% N-H crystal, and positive in a 9.6% crystal. Delayed fluorescence originates only from xx , yy or zz triplet pairs. Microwave pumping of isolated triplet trap spins in the 2.7% crystal tends to reduce population differences and hence the rate of formation of radiative pairs. In the 9.6% crystal, microwave pumping of triplet pairs effectively “dark” xz , yz or xy pairs to radiative pairs, and enhances DF.
Interaction of oscillating filaments: a computational study

Abstract The immersed boundary technique is used to model the interaction of swimming filaments in a viscous, incompressible fluid. Fluid quantities are represented on a grid, and the immersed filaments are each represented by a discrete collection of moving points. The effects of phase differences and proximity of the filaments on energy dissipation and swimming speeds are studied. The computed results are compared with previous asymptotic analysis. Furthermore, we present case studies which exhibit phase-(un)locking phenomena undetectable using previous asymptotic analysis.
The present status of Egyptian chronology

The current debate on Egyptian chronology is characterized by divergent opinions on the value of the Manethonian tradition, the lengths of reigns of individual Egyptian kings, the existence of coregencies, and the astronomical evidence. In each of these categories, there is little concensus and a wide range of possible solutions; a precise Egyptian chronology is therefore not possible. The present survey of this evidence and the theories derived therefrom emphasizes that modern scholarship wrongly assumes a precision the Egyptians could not achieve, that it is incorrect to speak of astronomical observations made for other than purely local purposes, and that feast days, including the New Year, began on different days at different latitudes along the Nile Valley.
Messenger RNA from allotype-defined rabbits directing the cell-free synthesis of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.

In vitro synthesis studies were performed utilizing poly A(+)-RNA and lymphocytes from the spleens of rabbits hyperimmunized with Micrococcus luteus or Streptococcus pneumoniae (type III). Poly A(+)-RNA isolated after 4 M guanidinium thiocyanate extraction and oligo(dT)-selection appeared to be undegraded on CH3HgOH-agarose gel electrophoresis and demonstrated biological activity when translated in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. The electrophoretic patterns of the specifically immunoprecipitated cell-free products were compared with those of Nonidet-P40 extracts (lysates) and secretions (supernatants) from rabbit spleen lymphocyte cultures and serum proteins. Kappa light chains with specific b allotypes, as well as immunoglobulin heavy chains, were identified. The efficient translation of mRNA of defined allotypes was a necessary prerequisite for production of characterized cDNA clones and identification of genomic sequences for rabbit immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.
A summary of control strategies for the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål)

Repeated desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal), outbreaks and plagues in Africa and Asia have in recent years prompted the international community to focus on preventing plague status from being reached through early intervention. Developing and implementing strategies for plague prevention must incorporate strengthening of human and material resources in the locust-affected countries, and emerging technologies must be integrated within strategies in order to construct workable, cost-effective, and environmentally benign locust-control systems at national and regional levels. Components and types of locust-control strategies are outlined. The 1986–1989, 1992–1994, and 1997–1998 campaigns are contrasted to show that implementing proactive control might be associated with reduced pesticide application, economic costs, environmental risks, and duration and extent of the locust threat. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ Emergency Prevention System (desert locust component) is briefly described.
Energy Balance Equation for Estimating Overturning Potential of an Unanchored Rocking Body Subjected to Earthquake Excitation

Abstract In this paper, the validity of the energy balance equation is verified by statistical analysis. An ensemble of two hundred artificial earthquakes are generated and used as input to a structure on whose floors unanchored bodies are placed. The equation of motion governing the rocking motion of an unanchored body is solved and the probabilities of overturning are obtained. This information is used to show that the energy balance equation proposed by Housner is indeed valid. A few examples are given to demonstrate the use of the energy balance equation.
An optical analysis of the dislocation structure in walls formed by fatigue

Abstract The dislocation content of walls formed by fatigue was studied using an optical bench. The experiment showed that the optical bench can be used to help analyse the dislocations in dense arrays; in particular, considerable information can be obtained from Fraunhofer diffraction patterns of the micrographs.
Robotic intracorporeal urinary diversion: ileal conduit.

Abstract Radical cystectomy is considered the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The use of minimally invasive techniques, particularly robot-assisted radical cystectomy, is steadily increasing with an acceptable learning curve, adequate lymph node yield, and acceptable perioperative complications. Longer-term follow-up is necessary to confirm oncologic efficacy, but early data are encouraging. While the majority of urinary diversions are performed extracorporeally, several recent small case studies have reported successful totally intracorporeal diversions, including both ileal conduit and orthotopic neobladder creation. Operative and short-term clinical outcomes have thus far been comparable to those of previously reported extracorporeal techniques. As surgeons gain experience with the robotic techniques needed for radical cystectomy, the frequency of intracorporeal urinary diversions will similarly increase. In this article, we describe the stepwise surgical procedure and perioperativ...
Photodefinable PDMS thin films for microfabrication applications

In this work, direct patterning of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is demonstrated by the addition of a UV-sensitive photoinitiator benzophenone. As an improvement to our previous work, patterns with both positive and negative features have been fabricated on the same substrate. Infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate photocrosslinking behavior and reaction chemistry of this new photodefinable PDMS (photoPDMS) material. Several applications of the photoPDMS process have been successfully demonstrated. Multi-layer structures and multi-level microfluidic chips can be easily fabricated using this photopatterning process. Patterned PDMS thin films can also be removed from the underlying substrates and used as shadow masks for defining patterns on both planar and non-planar surfaces. The photopatternable PDMS was also found to be biocompatible once un-reacted benzophenone is extracted from the cured film. Overall, photoPDMS offers a number of critical advantages over conventional PDMS processing, including elimination of master template fabrication, ability to process under ambient light processing conditions, positive-acting tone, low cost, and rapid and easy fabrication.
Within-host evolution for the invasiveness of commensal bacteria: an experimental study of bacteremias resulting from Haemophilus influenzae nasal carriage.

Background Many bacteria responsible for clinically relevant disease reside harmlessly in a large fraction of humans. Three explanations have been proposed to account for why these normally commensal bacteria occasionally cause invasive disease: host susceptibility, stochasticity in the host-bacteria interaction, and the evolution of invasive mutants in colonized hosts. Here we test the third of these hypotheses for the rare invasiveness of commensal bacteria: within-host evolution. Methods and results Using neonatal rats intranasally colonized with pairs of marked Haemophilus influenzae type b strains, we demonstrate that the resulting bacteremias are derived from single organisms. To test the within-host evolution hypothesis we explored the relative ability of bacteria isolated from the blood and nasal passages of bacteremic rats to colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. Conclusions Our results provide support for within-host evolution as one but not the sole explanation for the invasiveness of these bacteria. We discuss the implications of these results for both the rare invasiveness of commensal bacteria and the general observation that bacteria isolated from the sites of human invasive disease are almost invariably monoclonal.
Computational intelligence virtual community: Framework and implementation issues

This paper discusses the framework for virtual collaborative environment for researchers, practitioners, users and learners in the areas of computational intelligence and machine learning (CIML) that is currently developed by our group. It also outlines main features of the community portal under construction that will support communication and sharing of computational resources. In particular, selected aspects of structure of the portal such as common formats of data, models, software, publications and software documentation are discussed.