cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Safety of Adenosine and Regadenoson in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Cardiac Stress Testing.

tudy Objective To compare the adverse effect profiles of adenosine and regadenoson in patients undergoing outpatient cardiac stress testing. Design Single-center retrospective cohort study. Setting Two outpatient clinics, both of which are part of a single tertiary academic medical health system; one clinic exclusively used adenosine for cardiac stress testing, and the other clinic exclusively used regadenoson. Patients A total of 489 patients who underwent an outpatient cardiac stress test between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014; of those patients, 254 received adenosine and 235 received regadenoson. Measurements and Main Results Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, except for chronic kidney disease (p<0.001), congestive heart failure (p=0.041), and mean age (p=0.004). The primary outcome was the occurrence of adverse effects—arrhythmia, chest pain or tightness, dizziness, dyspnea, flushing, or headache, and use of the rescue agent aminophylline—in the adenosine and regadenoson groups. A significantly higher proportion of patients who were given regadenoson during cardiac stress testing experienced at least one adverse effect compared with patients who underwent an adenosine stress test (79.6% vs 31.5%, p<0.001). The patients given regadenoson experienced a significantly higher occurrence of arrhythmia (30.6% vs 16.1%, p<0.001), dyspnea (66.0% vs 17.7%, p<0.001), and headache (25.1% vs 3.1%, p<0.001), and they had a significantly higher rate of aminophylline rescue use (19.2% vs 0.8%, p<0.001). A secondary objective evaluated the financial impact of each agent, and adenosine exhibited a medication price that was more than $100/patient lower than regadenoson based on the average wholesale price. Conclusion Among patients undergoing an outpatient pharmacologic stress test, the use of adenosine was associated with a lower occurrence of adverse effects and lower rate of a rescue agent use and may provide a potential medication cost savings opportunity compared with regadenoson.
Five Kinds of Maximal Monotonicity

We discuss Gossez's ‘type (D)’ maximal monotone multifunctions and the newer ‘type (ED)’ subfamily (for which an analog of the Brondsted-Rockafellar property holds). We then discuss the ‘locally maximal monotone’ (= type (FP)) and ‘maximal monotone locally’ (= type (FPV)) multifunctions of Fitzpatrick-Phelps and Fitzpatrick-Phelps-Verona-Verona. Finally, we discuss the strongly maximal monotone multifunctions. We prove that every maximal monotone multifunction of type (D) is locally maximal monotone, and every maximal monotone multifunction of type (ED) is both maximal monotone locally and strongly maximal monotone.
Probabilistic Approaches for Modeling Text Structure and their Application to Text-to-Text Generation (Invited Talk)

Text-to-text generation aims to produce a coherent text by extracting, combining and rewriting information given in input texts. Examples of its applications include summarization, answer fusion in question-answering and text simplification. At first glance, text-to-text generation seems a much easier task than the traditional generation set-up where the input consists of a non-linguistic representation. Research in summarization over the last decade proved that the opposite is true — texts generated by these methods rarely match the quality of those written by humans. One of the key reasons is the lack of coherence in the generated text. In contrast to the traditional set-up in conceptto-text generation, these applications do not have access to semantic representations and domainspecific communication knowledge. Therefore, traditional approaches for content selection cannot be employed in text-to-text applications. These considerations motivate the development of novel approaches for document organization that can exclusively rely on information available in textual input. In this talk, I will present models of document structure that can be effectively used to guide content selection in text-to-text generation. First, I will focus on unsupervised learning of domainspecific content models. These models capture the topics addressed in a text, and the order in which these topics appear; they are close in their functionality to the content planners traditionally used in concept-to-text generation. I will present an effective method for learning content models from unannotated domain-specific documents, utilizing hierarchical Bayesian methods. Incorporation of these models into information ordering and summarization applications yields substantial improvement over previously proposed methods. Next, I will present a method for assessing the coherence of a generated text. The key premise of our work is that the distribution of entities in coherent texts exhibits certain regularities. The models I will be presenting operate over an automatically-computed representation that reflects distributional, syntactic, and referential information about discourse entities. This representation allows us to induce the properties of coherent texts from a given corpus, without recourse to manual annotation or a predefined knowledge base. I will show how these models can be effectively integrated in text-to-text applications such as summarization and answer fusion. This is joint work with Branavan, Harr Chen, Mirella Lapata and Lillian Lee.
Having a conversation about bulk surveillance

Considering a controversial subject that extends far beyond the collection of phone metadata.
Usability Assessment of a Suicide Intervention-Prevention Mini-Game

Video games are growing in popularity and are fulfilling genuine human needs that the real world is currently unable to satisfy. Games teach, inspire and engage us in ways that reality is not. This study evaluated a video game designed to educate players concerning suicide prevention. It is aimed at educating on how to identify and address someone who might be contemplating suicide. Six veterans with varied demographics played Suicide Intervention-Prevention Mini-Game (SIP-M) and showed improvement in knowledge concerning suicide intervention-prevention. Participants found the game entertaining, informative and felt better equipped to identify and handle someone who might be contemplating suicide. SIP-M is discussed in the larger context of a virtual environment where veterans can participate in activities and receive information about a variety of mental and physical disorders.
Pilot Study on Early Postoperative Discharge in Pituitary Adenoma Patients: Effect of Socioeconomic Factors and Benefit of Specialized Pituitary Centers.

Introduction Pituitary neoplasms are benign entities that require distinct diagnostic and treatment considerations. Recent advances in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery have resulted in shorter lengths of stay (LOS). We implemented a postoperative day (POD) 1 discharge paradigm involving a multidisciplinary approach and detailed preoperative evaluation and review of both medical and socioeconomic factors. Methods The experience of a single neurosurgeon/ears, nose, throat (ENT) team was reviewed, generating a preliminary retrospective database of the first 30 patients who underwent resection of pituitary lesions under the POD 1 discharge paradigm. We assessed multiple axes from their preoperative, in-house, and postoperative care. Results There were 14 men and 16 women with an average age of 53.8 years (range: 27–76 years). There were 22 nonsecretory and 8 secretory tumors with average size of 2.80 cm (range: 1.3–5.0 cm). All 30 patients underwent preoperative ENT evaluation. Average LOS was 1.5 ± 0.7 days. A total of 18 of 30 patients were discharged on POD 1. The insurance status included 15 with public insurance such as emergency Medicaid and 15 with private insurance. Four patients had transient diabetes insipidus (DI); none had permanent DI. Overall, 28 of 30 patients received postoperative steroids. Factors that contributed to LOS > 1 day included public insurance status, two or more medical comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, transient panhypopituitarism, and DI. Conclusion The implementation of a POD 1 discharge plan for pituitary tumors is feasible and safe for elective patients. This implementation requires the establishment of a dedicated Pituitary Center model with experienced team members. The consistent limitation to early discharge was socioeconomic status. Efforts that incorporate the analysis of social disposition parameters with proper management of clinical sequelae are crucial to the maintenance of ideal LOS and optimal patient outcomes.
Transition Path Times for DNA and RNA Folding from Force Spectroscopy

Experiments show that the times required to cross the barrier for the folding and unfolding of different nucleic acids are consistently about a few microseconds, despite many orders of magnitude differences in rate coefficients.
Photodynamic Action in Insects: Volumetric Changes in the Hemolymph and Crop Contents of Dye-treated, Light-exposed Cockroaches ,

Hemolymph volumes were observed to decrease significantly in Periplaneta americana (L.) and Blatta orientalis L. when treated with either rose bengal or erythrosin B and subsequently exposed to fluorescent light. Dye-fed or dye-injected roaches contained less hemolymph after light exposure than did untreated, light-exposed roaches or dye-treated and untreated roaches in darkness. Dye-treated, light-exposed roaches also contained larger volumes of crop fluids than roaches in any of the other treatments. Hemolymph volume progressively decreased and crop volume increased in dye-fed roaches exposed to light for up to 63 min. The results of these studies indicate that a transfer of hemocoel fluids from the body cavity into the alimentary canal and perhaps into tissue occurs in dye-treated insects when they are exposed to light.
Drug Abuse: A Review of Explanations and Models of Explanation

This paper reviews 43 explanations of drug dependence. Summaries of each cover their drug specificity, the population studied, the disciplinary background of the theorist and the key variables utilized. In addition to a discussion of the various theoretical explanations offered in the academic literature, a brief review of the models of explanation is presented including such models as classificatory, experimental, inductive, mathematical, and reference/authority.
Abstract 711: Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma

The presence of activating BRAF mutations in approximately 50% of melanomas, the majority of which are BRAFV600E, has prompted the development of selective BRAF inhibitors for targeted therapy. Pre-clinical data using multiple BRAF inhibitors and results from recent clinical trials using PLX4032 validate the effectiveness of this treatment strategy and offers hope to patients suffering from this deadly disease. However, similar to other malignancies, therapy with BRAF inhibitors is effective in only a subset of patients and even if an initial effective response is observed, tumors eventually develop resistance and patients relapse. We recently reported that acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors can be mediated by non-genetic mechanisms through rewiring of their signaling pathways and this is mediated by a RAF kinase switch and increased PI3K-dependent survival. However, as melanoma is a highly heterogeneous disease, we anticipate that multiple mechanisms can be associated with acquired resistance to BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors. Also, the mechanisms of intrinsic resistance can be different from those underlying acquired resistance. Here we report that melanoma cells which harbor the BRAFV600E mutation and express PTEN have low levels of phospho-AKT and are sensitive to BRAF inhibitors. In contrast, BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cell lines that do not express PTEN have higher levels of phospho-AKT and are less sensitive to BRAF inhibitors. Co-targeting PI3K and mutant BRAF in melanoma cells that lack functional PTEN sensitizes them to the combination strategy. Our studies suggest that the presence or absence of functional PTEN can modulate response to inhibitors of the MAPK pathway and warrant further evaluation of combination strategies to treat melanomas refractory to BRAF inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 711. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-711
Elizabeth Thomas, Laetitia Pilkington and Competing Currencies of the Book

ABSTRACTIn their life writing, Elizabeth Thomas (1675–1731) and Laetitia Pilkington (c.1709–50) strategically use the book (as a material object, literary commodity and cultural currency) and the library (as both a physical space and a curated collection of texts) to create meaning and identity. Well-read gentlewomen with literary ambitions, associations with established male writers and a keen understanding of the literary marketplace, Thomas and Pilkington aspired to achieve fame as poets, desiring literary reputation more than the financial remuneration. They also recognized the book as a marker of status within eighteenth-century culture. Yet even as they narratively privilege the book as evidence of their own cultural position and literary viability, they retain only limited control over its possession and circulation, and, ultimately, their own reputations. As their personal situations deteriorated (both faced homelessness and endured debtors' prison), they struggled to remain financially solvent by...
The use of the Oxygen Index Analyzer for determining the flammability of pressure sensitive tapes made with silicone adhesives

Based on the analysis of data presented above, it is felt that the following conclusions can be drawn.
Identification of mutations and polymorphisms in the factor XI genes of an African American family by dideoxyfingerprinting.

Congenital deficiency of factor XI is a rare condition associated with a mild to moderate bleeding diathesis that is most commonly found in persons of Jewish ancestry. The disorder has been reported sporadically in a number of other ethnic groups, but rarely in the black population. We report on the genetic analysis of the factor XI genes of two African American patients: a 9-year-old boy (the propositus) with mild factor XI deficiency and his mother. Both individuals have lifelong histories of excessive bleeding. Dideoxyfingerprinting, a technique combining components of single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and dideoxy-chain termination sequencing, was used in the analysis. Both patients were found to be heterozygous for a mutation changing serine 248 to glutamine, whereas the propositus was heterozygous for an additional mutation on the paternal allele changing glutamine 226 to arginine. Both mutations reside in the third apple domain of the factor XI heavy chain, an area that has been shown to contain binding sites for factor IX, platelets, and glycosaminoglycans. Previously reported mutations in the factor XI gene seem to cause deficiency primarily by reducing protein expression. Because both alleles in the propositus contain amino acid substitutions, the significant amount of circulating factor XI in his plasma must be comprised entirely of abnormal molecules. Factor XI circulates as a homodimer, and the presence of mutations in both alleles of the factor XI gene suggests that his bleeding disorder is caused in part by the effect of the two abnormal gene products forming dimers in different combinations. Three neutral (not associated with amino acid changes) DNA polymorphisms were also identified in the two subjects: a C to T change at nucleotide 472 in exon 5, A to G at nucleotide 844 in exon 8, and T to C at nucleotide 1234 in exon 11. Analysis of a random sample of normal volunteers showed that these polymorphisms are relatively common, with allele frequencies of 7.4%, 19%, and 18%, respectively. This suggests that there is considerable genetic heterogeneity in the factor XI gene. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie meal is associated with an increase in intracellular co-localization of PPAR-γ mRNA and protein in monocytes

Acute and habitual dietary habits contribute to the onset and progression of many forms of cardiovascular disease. Circulating peripheral blood monocytes have been a target of pre-clinical research related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Specifically, when monocytes migrate into the subendothelial space and endocytosize modified LDL (i.e. acLDL or oxLDL) they phenotypically transform into foam cells. The endocytosis of modified LDL is mediated by the scavenger receptor CD36, whose expression is in tern regulated by the transcription factor PPAR-γ. In this report, we describe a novel technique for the simultaneous measurement of intracellular PPAR-γ mRNA and protein in peripheral blood monocytes collected from human subjects in fasted state or 3 and 5-h after consuming a high-calorie (65% of daily calorie needs), high-fat meal. Intracellular detection and co-localization of PPAR-γ was made possible using a combination of image-based flow cytometry (MilliporeSigma FlowSight) and an amplified mRNA FISH staining technique (Affymetrix/eBioscience PrimeFlow). Consumption of a high-calorie, high-fat meal increased the percentage of co-localization at both 3 and 5-h post prandial compared to pre-meal. No obvious difference in co-localization was observed when cells were treated by acLDL in vitro. More research is needed to determine how to best use this method to study pre-clinical risk of atherosclerosis.
Selective dry etching of GaN over AlGaN in BCl/sub 3//SF/sub 6/ mixtures

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of GaN with high selectivity over Al/sub 0.22/Ga/sub 0.78/N in BCl/sub 3//SF/sub 6/ mixtures has been studied. Selectivity and surface morphology were investigated over a wide range of pressures (3.75-37.5mTorr), RF powers (30-120 W), ICP powers (100-400 W), and SF/sub 6//BCl/sub 3/ ratios (0.1-0.7). Higher pressures, lower dc biases, and higher SF/sub 6//BCl/sub 3/ ratios increased the GaN to AlGaN selectivity. Selectivities up to 25 were measured by laser interferometry. A root mean square (rms) surface roughness of 0.67 nm was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after removal of 0.5 /spl mu/m from a GaN template (process selectivity: 15, as-grown rms surface roughness: 0.56 nm). A degradation in surface morphology, with the gradual formation of pits, was observed for selectivities above 10.
Sex and Natural Sexual Enhancement: Sexual Techniques, Aphrodisiac Foods, and Nutraceuticals

Many cultures throughout history have passed down knowledge rumored to enhance sexual performance of both men and women including sexual techniques, foods, and nutritional supplements. Sexual techniques can take the form of stimulating certain aspects of the female anatomy and sexual positions such as stimulation of the Grafenberg “G” spot. Other techniques focus on the psychological aspects of sex including synchronization of orgasms and ejaculation prolongation. Cultures around the world have imbued foods as aphrodisiacs, in addition to herbs, plants, and other dietary supplements, collectively known as nutraceuticals. Among the more common ones are pomegranates, antioxidant rich foods, omega-3, basil, cardamom, garlic, watermelon, oysters, l-arginine, caffeine, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Herbs such as Chlorophytum borivilianum of the Indian subcontinent to Lepidium meyenii of the South American Andes have long been reported to have aphrodisiac qualities. Many of these products are rich in components that promote cardiovascular health, produce anti-inflammatory activity, cause vasodilatation and increase androgen levels—all important factors in sexual performance. This chapter reviews the various sexual enhancement techniques, foods, and nutraceuticals and the evidence to support their use.
The Use of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Cancer Patients with Heart Failure.

Objectives Investigate the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in cancer patients with heart failure (HF); assess factors associated with ischemic and non-ischemic HF. Background Many newer cancer therapies are cardiotoxic; thus, the incidence of HF has been increasing in this high-risk patient population. CRT has beneficial effects on morbidity, mortality, and left ventricular function in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, yet cancer patients and survivors who develop severe HF and are eligible for CRT often do not receive it. Methods Review of 2 years of echocardiography and electrocardiography data from cancer patients. Results Of 272 patients meeting inclusion criteria for CRT placement (LVEF ≤35%, QRS duration ≥120 ms), 131 (48.2%) had HF with ischemic etiology and 141 (51.8%) had HF with non-ischemic etiology. Most patients had solid tumors, including breast, lung, sarcoma, and lymphoma (73.2%, n=199). Only 21.3% (58/272; 27 ischemic; 31 non-ischemic) underwent CRT placement, who were mostly women and those with solid tumors. Non-ischemic HF was significantly associated with younger age (<65 years) (OR=0.91; 95% CI=0.87-0.95) and female sex (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.1-6.0). As expected, ischemic HF was significantly associated with history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Conclusions CRT is underutilized in cancer patients with HF. Most of the cancer patients who did not receive CRT had non-ischemic HF secondary to chemotherapy. CRT may be less utilized in those patients due to shortened life expectancy, yet evidence suggests that CRT has beneficial effects on morbidity, mortality, and left ventricular function. Its use may improve patient quality of life and allow oncologists to continue cancer treatments that could prolong survival.
Efficient methodology for probabilistic analysis of consolidation considering spatial variability

Abstract The inherent spatial variability of natural soil deposits should be considered to obtain realistic probabilistically-based estimates of the time for soil consolidation. Although a variety of commercial software packages for solving consolidation analyses within numerical framework exist, they cannot incorporate spatial variability in a robust manner. Therefore, the consideration of the spatial variability is difficult and time consuming. This study proposes two efficient approaches for probabilistic analysis of consolidation considering the spatial variability of coefficient of consolidation (c), as well as a technique for calculating a representative c for combined vertical and radial consolidation. The proposed approaches, which include a first-order reliability (FORM) and stochastic response surface method (SRSM), were applied to examples of 1-D vertical consolidation and combined vertical and radial consolidation problems, and the applicability of the models and spatial variability are identified. As a result, the random field and numerical consolidation analysis were decoupled, and the proposed approaches were able to perform probabilistic consolidation analysis considering spatial variability using existing deterministic finite element codes without any modification. The probability of under-consolidation can be predicted by only 6 and 11 consolidation analysis using the FORM and SRSM approaches, respectively, and the accuracy of these two approaches was shown to be identical to the results of more computationally-expensive, conventional Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) results. It was found that the probabilistic consolidation analyses are sensitive to the spatial variability of c, and the variability of average degree of consolidation increases as the scale of fluctuation increases, which can be effectively identified and treated using either of the proposed approaches.
Use of Fluorescence Methods to Characterize the Interior of Polymer Micelles

In the examples of polymer micelles known to date the driving force in their formation has been the use of selective solvents which forces one component into a collapsed and self-associating condition. Many of the properties of these micelles arc deduced from classical methods, i.e. light, X-ray, or neutron scattering, viscosity, sedimentation, etc. These methods yield the properties of the whole micelle, such as hydrodynamic diameter or radius of gyration, core radius, and aggregation number. However these methods provide little insight as to the modification of the conformation of chains located within the core or the core-corona interfacial region. None of the classical methods yield information about chain dynamics or small molecule diffusion within the micelle core. This latter subject will be taken up in a different chapter by Area.
Changes to Subaqueous Delta Bathymetry Following a High River Flow Event, Wax Lake Delta, USA

The construction of the subaqueous delta front is foundational to deltaic land building and field data is needed to validate conceptual models of delta front evolution. The bathymetric change that occurred across the entire delta front (~ 75.9 km2) of the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) in coastal Louisiana was measured between February 2015 and July 2016. Sediment removal (− 9.85 × 106 m3) exceeded sediment accumulation (7.64 × 106 m3), making the delta front net-erosional (− 2.21 × 106 m3) despite the occurrence of a flood. These results factor in an estimated 4.28 cm of subsidence during the survey period. Deposition on the delta front was localized around channels and the northern and eastern flanks of the delta whereas erosion was more spatially uniform. This erosion coincides with an anomalously strong winter storm season that may have exported this sediment offshore and is consistent with a growing body of research that identifies winter storms as a significant mechanism for sediment removal from Atchafalaya Bay. Winter storm erosion is crucial to understanding and predicting volumetric growth of the WLD and has important implications to land building from sediment diversions. Future models of deltaic growth need to account for significant volume export and erosive episodes on the delta front.
Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma – Description of radiologic, intraoperative and pathologic findings

Abstract Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcomas were initially described in 2012 and introduced to the 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of head and neck tumors as a new disease entity. We present the first comprehensive case description combining radiologic, surgical and pathologic findings of a biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma in a young patient who presented with nonspecific sinonasal obstructive symptoms, left orbital pain and proptosis. While there is no distinct radiologic imaging finding to differentiate biphenotypic sinonasal sarcomas from other sinonasal malignancies, immunohistochemistry and histopathology were able to show the characteristic combination of neural and myogenic differentiation of the tumor. Overall, the tumor is considered rare and slow growing with locally aggressive features but no tendency to metastasize. Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcomas are primarily treated with surgical resection. Postoperative radiation treatment is recommended with but not limited to positive or close surgical margins, high-grade pathologic tumor classification or imaging evidence of perineural spread. Primary radiation therapy, possibly combined with chemotherapy, is reserved for palliative treatment approaches or patients who refuse surgery.
BRAIN TARGETED DELIVERY OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS: USE OF A REDOX BASED CHEMICAL DELIVERY SYSTEM

The targeting of drug to the central nervous system (CNS) is of paramount importance in the treatment chronic diseases of the brain. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one such neurodegenerative disease that affects 5% to 10% of the population greater than the age of 65 years1,2 and the incidence of AD increases progressively between the ages of 65 and 85 years.3,4 This degenerative disease is a progressive disorder that leads to the death of the patient some 5 to 7 years after its clinical diagnosis. As such, effective therapy that would extend the life of the AD patient, would require treatment regimens that last years if not decades. The selective delivery of efficacious drugs to the affected organ, the brain, will thus be essential for effective, chronic pharmacotherapy of this neurodegenerative disorder.
MLNE: Multi-Label Network Embedding

Network embedding aims to preserve topological structures of a network using low-dimensional vectors and has shown to be effective for driving a myriad of graph mining tasks (e.g., link prediction or classification) free of the stressful feature extraction procedure. Many methods have been proposed to integrate node content and/or label information, with nodes sharing similar content/labels being close to each other in the learned latent space. To date, existing methods either consider networked instances with a single label or consider a set of labels as a whole for node representation learning. Therefore, they cannot handle network of instances containing multiple labels (i.e. multi-labels), which are ubiquitous in describing complex concepts of instances. In this article, we formulate a new multi-label network embedding (MLNE) problem to learn feature representation for networked multi-label instances. We argue that the key to MLNE learning is to aggregate node topology structures, node content, and multi-label correlations. We propose a two-layer network embedding framework to couple information for effective learning. To capture higher order label correlations, we use labels to form a high-level label–label network over a low-level node–node network, in which the label network interacts with the node network through multi-labeling relations. The low-level node–node network can be enhanced by latent label-specific features from high-level label network with well-captured high-order correlations between labels. To enable the multi-label informed network embedding, we force both node and label representations being optimized under the same low-dimensional latent space by a unified training objective. Experiments on real-world data sets demonstrate that MLNE achieves better performance compared with methods with or without considering label information.
Methods and applications in spatial demography: 2

As a self-described, spatial demographer, and with a formative background in geography and planning, I am interested in substantive questions at the nexus of demography, geography, quantitative met...
Hospitable writing: Accommodating emergent users of English by means of intralingual translation

Abstract This study draws from calls for a translingual approach to writing studies and current research in English as a lingua franca, but shifts focus from multilingual speakers to proficient speakers of English. While many studies have illustrated how emergent speakers resort to various pragmatic strategies to negotiate language in intercultural encounters, there is a dearth of research on how proficient speakers accommodate emergent speakers, especially in writing. A group of 35 proficient speakers of English was asked to identify the idiomatic multi-word expressions (MWEs) contained in a film review, and then reformulate them building sentences analytically (open-choice principle), rather than retrieving chunks of language from memory (idiom principle). Results show that the participants were able to identify idiomatic MWEs, but they need training to distinguish language that is unfamiliar to them from idiomatic MWEs, and to improve the quality of their translations. Teachers of English composition should provide proficient speakers with more opportunities to negotiate language with emergent speakers.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISMS OF THE DOPAMINE-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF PROLACTIN SECRETION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the studies on the mechanisms of the dopamine-mediated inhibition of prolactin secretion. Evidence has been presented that suggests that dopamine is the principle regulator of prolactin secretion. The blockade of pituitary dopamine receptors or reduction of dopamine stores all serve to enhance prolactin secretion. The physiological regulation of prolactin release seems to be governed by a direct inhibiting feedback of the hormone on hypothalamic dopamine turnover. The secretion of prolactin is greatly enhanced upon removal of the hypothalamic influence and, therefore, behaves much like other pituitary hormone secretion following the introduction of their specific stimulatory hypophysiotropic hormone. As hypothalamic hormones only stimulate pituitary hormone secretion in calcium-containing medium and because prolactin release is a calcium-dependent process, their secretory mechanisms may be very similar. The stimulation of dopamine receptor sites in the pituitary reduce calcium-dependent action potentials and prolactin release. The blockade of pituitary calcium channels with a variety of agents also inhibits prolactin release, whereas the agents that mobilize intracellular calcium stimulate prolactin release; however, these effects can most often be observed in glands with basal prolactin release, that is, dopamine-inhibited.
Atomistic calculations of the generalized stacking fault energies in two refractory multi-principal element alloys

Abstract In this work, we utilize atomistic simulations to calculate the generalized stacking fault energies (GSFEs), which are related to the dislocation glide process, on four types of slip planes – {110}, {112}, {123}, and {134} – in two refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs): MoNbTi and NbTiZr. To serve as a reference material for MoNbTi, we develop, validate, and employ an A -atom interatomic potential, which is expected to represent the response of the nominal random solution. Our calculations show that, owing to the variation in local chemical composition within small finite nanometer sized planes, (i) the peak GSFE values vary significantly among parallel planes; (ii) within the same specific {110} plane, substantial differences in the GSFE curves along the two non-parallel " open=" 111 directions are observed; (iii) the {110} GSFE curves develop an asymmetry, such that the peak energy is not achieved at half the lattice periodicity length, (iv) the GSFE value after a shift equaling the lattice periodicity length is not recovered; and (v) on average, the peak GSFE values are close to the volume fraction average of the peak GSFEs of their constituents.
Non-medical prescription opioid use among US youth: 2015-2018

Non-medical opioid use (NMOU) is a national public health concern with no signs of abating. While much research has focused on opioid use among adults, significant gaps exist on NMOU among youth. T...
A Solution to Treat Mixed-Type Human Datasets from Socio-Ecological Systems

Coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) are frequently represented by large datasets with varied data including continuous, ordinal, and categorical variables. Conventional multivariate analyses cannot handle these mixed data types. In this paper, our goal was to show how a clustering method that has not before been applied to understanding the human dimension of CHANS: a Gower dissimilarity matrix with partitioning around medoids (PAM) can be used to treat mixed-type human datasets. A case study of land managers responsible for invasive plant control projects across rivers of the southwestern U.S. was used to characterize managers’ backgrounds and decisions, and project properties through clustering. Results showed that managers could be classified as “federal multitaskers” or as “educated specialists”. Decisions were characterized by being either “quick and active” or “thorough and careful”. Project goals were either comprehensive with ecological goals or more limited in scope. This study shows that clustering with Gower and PAM can simplify the complex human dimension of this system, demonstrating the utility of this approach for systems frequently composed of mixed-type data such as CHANS. This clustering approach can be used to direct scientific recommendations towards homogeneous groups of managers and project types.
Estimating the Impact of In-Hospital Infant Formula Supplementation on Breastfeeding Success

Objective: To assess whether in-hospital infant formula supplementation impacts later successful breastfeeding among healthy mother–infant dyads in the United States who are not intending to exclus...
Electrochemically Active Biofilms as an Indicator of Soil Health

To our best knowledge, research on extracellular electron transfer processes in soil environments is limited and could provide novel knowledge and new ways of monitoring soil health. Electrochemical activities in the soil can be studied by using polarized electrodes. Our work aims to investigate the electrochemical behavior of healthy and unhealthy soils using chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. We developed a bioelectrochemical soil reactor for electrochemical measurements using healthy and unhealthy soils. Using carbon cloth electrodes installed in these soil reactors, we explored the electrochemical signals in these two soils. First, we measured redox variations by depth and found that reducing conditions were prevalent in healthy soils. Current measurements showed distinct differences between healthy and unhealthy soils. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of microbes attached to the electrode for healthy soil but not for unhealthy soil. Glucose addition stimulated current in both soil types and caused differences in cyclic voltammograms between the two soil types to converge. Our work demonstrates that we can use current as a proxy for microbial metabolic activity to distinguish healthy and unhealthy soil.
‘The person with a disability gets to define their disability’: exploring identity formation through the voices of university students

It has been increasingly acknowledged that universities need to include and support students with disabilities in order to benefit these individuals. Yet, university students with disabilities ofte...
A Model for Integrating the Assessment and Management of Geriatric Syndromes Into Internal Medicine Continuity Practice: 5-Year Report

A geriatric ambulatory curriculum was created to improve internal medicine residents’ care of geriatric patients. Second-year residents met for a 3-hour session weekly for 4 consecutive weeks during a block rotation with faculty geriatricians for a curriculum focused on dementia, falls, and urinary incontinence. After a 1-hour case-based didactic session, residents applied learned content and concepts to patient consultations. Consultative encounters were precepted by faculty and shared with the team. After completing our curriculum, residents reported knowledge acquired and enhanced evaluation and management skills of these three syndromes and were more likely to use all recommended screening tests in future practice. This article describes the process and strategies guiding development of a successful ambulatory geriatric curriculum model that can be embedded into preexisting internal medicine clinics to help future internists to better manage these and other common geriatric syndromes.
CNS Distribution of Members of the Two-Pore-Domain (KCNK) Potassium Channel Family

Two-pore-domain potassium (K+) channels are substrates for resting K+ currents in neurons. They are major targets for endogenous modulators, as well as for clinically important compounds such as volatile anesthetics. In the current study, we report on the CNS distribution in the rat and mouse of mRNA encoding seven two-pore-domain K+ channel family members: TASK-1 (KCNK3), TASK-2 (KCNK5), TASK-3 (KCNK9), TREK-1 (KCNK2), TREK-2 (KCNK10), TRAAK (KCNK4), and TWIK-1 (KCNK1). All of these genes were expressed in dorsal root ganglia, and for all of the genes except TASK-2, there was a differential distribution in the CNS. For TASK-1, highest mRNA accumulation was seen in the cerebellum and somatic motoneurons. TASK-3 was much more widely distributed, with robust expression in all brain regions, with particularly high expression in somatic motoneurons, cerebellar granule neurons, the locus ceruleus, and raphe nuclei and in various nuclei of the hypothalamus. TREK-1 was highest in the striatum and in parts of the cortex (layer IV) and hippocampus (CA2 pyramidal neurons). mRNA for TRAAK also was highest in the cortex, whereas expression of TREK-2 was primarily restricted to the cerebellar granule cell layer. There was widespread distribution of TWIK-1, with highest levels in the cerebellar granule cell layer, thalamic reticular nucleus, and piriform cortex. The differential expression of each of these genes likely contributes to characteristic excitability properties in distinct populations of neurons, as well as to diversity in their susceptibility to modulation.
Community based targeting mechanisms for social safety nets

This paper interprets case studies, and theory on community involvement in beneficiary selection, and benefit delivery for social safety nets. Several considerations should be carefully balanced in assessing the advantages of using community groups as targeting agents. First, benefits from utilizing local information, and social capital may be eroded by costly rent-seeking. Second, the potential improvement in targeting criteria from incorporating local notions of deprivation, must be tempered by the possibility of program capture by local elites, and by the possibility that local preferences are not pro-poor. Third, performance may be undermined by unforeseen strategic targeting by local communities in response to national funding, and evaluation criteria, or by declines in political support.
Theoretical studies of Pb on Si(111) and Si(100), global search for H-passivated Si nanowires, and construction of highly localized quasiatomic minimal basis orbitals for Mo

Metal on semiconductor surfaces has been the topic of intense studies due to its technological applications. As nano-devices shrink in size, the conventional understanding of electronic devices are no longer applicable as quantum effects start to play an important role in the behavior of the devices. At the same time, when structures are approaching atomic scale, the precise fabrication by lithographic techniques, for example, are not even applicable. Very often, the fabrication of regular structures rely on self-assembly which is susceptible to fluctuations. Therefore, a deeper understanding to exploit the quantum behavior of nano-devices and precise control of building nano-structures are highly desired. Si(100) and Si(111) surfaces are the most studied system because they are the Si surfaces with the lowest surface energy. Pb on Si(100) and Si(111) is often chosen as the prototype system for the study of metal/semiconductor interfaces because Pb is not reactive with Si thus forming a clean well-defined hetero-interface. A prominent problem for studying the physics of metal/semiconductor interfaces is that the interface structures are usually not known. While various experimental techniques can be employed to provide clues to the atomic geometries, definite conclusions usually cannot be drawn due to the intrinsic limitations of the experiments. For example, scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM) only probes the local electronic density of states in which a maximum in intensity does not necessarily correspond to atomic positions. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and X-ray diffraction experiments provide results in the reciprocal space, which may elude a direct interpretation in the real space.
Immunologically induced aspermatogenesis in the white mouse: Part II

Abstract No significant lesions were seen in the testes of white mice given multiple injections subcutaneously of homologous testicular tissue (HTT) homogenate incorporated in complete Freund's adjuvant. A primary injection of a mixture of HTT homogenate and Bordetella pertussis phase I vaccine (BPV) given in divided doses into the hind footpads failed to produce any lesions, also. If a secondary intraperitoned injection of a mixture of HTT and BPV is administered 34 days after the primary inoculation in the latter group, microscopic changes involving the tubular elements become apparent as early as 3 days after the secondary dose. If the time interval for the secondary injection is decreased to 17 days after the primary, total destruction is seen about 20 days later. The microscopic evidence of aspermatogenesis correlates well with the inability of these males to impregnate. Positive delayed hypersenstivity reactions can be elicited in the skin, and the sera of these aspermatogenic mice produce markedly positive PCA reactions is normal mouse recipients when challenged with a testicular extract. Thus both cellular and humoral antibody may be involved in the aspermatogenic process.
Isolation of high molecular weight activators of human plasma prekallikrein.

Abstract Two previously undescribed activators of prekallikrein have been purified from human plasma by alcohol fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both were apparently homogeneous as judged by electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight. A monomer-dimer relationship between these two activators is suggested by the use of disc gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate under reducing conditions. The monomer termed "large activator" has an estimated molecular weight of 70,000 and migrates as an α-globulin on the polyacrylamide gels. The other activator has an estimated molecular weight of 135,000 and is a β-globulin. No relationship is yet established between these activators and previously described prekallikrein activators, which are of a molecular weight 30,000 to 50,000 and migrate as prealbumin. In contrast to clotting Factor XII (Hageman factor), which also has activator activity, both high molecular weight activators have essentially no clot-promoting activity. Their activator activity is partially inhibited by soybean or lima bean trypsin inhibitors.
Surgical efficacy of minimally invasive thoracic discectomy

We aimed to determine the clinical indications and surgical outcomes for thoracoscopic discectomy. Thoracic disc disease is a rare degenerative process. Thoracoscopic approaches serve to minimize tissue injury during the approach, but critics argue that this comes at the cost of surgical efficacy. Current reports in the literature are limited to small institutional patient series. We systematically identified all English language articles on thoracoscopic discectomy with at least two patients, published from 1994 to 2013 on MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. We analyzed 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria, five prospective and seven retrospective studies comprising 545 surgical patients. The overall complication rate was 24% (n=129), with reported complications ranging from intercostal neuralgia (6.1%), atelectasis (2.8%), and pleural effusion (2.6%), to more severe complications such as pneumonia (0.8%), pneumothorax (1.3%), and venous thrombosis (0.2%). The average reported postoperative follow-up was 20.5 months. Complete resolution of symptoms was reported in 79% of patients, improvement with residual symptoms in 10.2%, no change in 9.6%, and worsening in 1.2%. The minimally invasive endoscopic approaches to the thoracic spine among selected patients demonstrate excellent clinical efficacy and acceptable complication rates, comparable to the open approaches. Disc herniations confined to a single level, with small or no calcifications, are ideal for such an approach, whereas patients with calcified discs adherent to the dura would benefit from an open approach.