cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study on insecticide resistance of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in heavy disaster areas of 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan province, China

Objective To investigate the resistance of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus to chemical insecticides commonly used in heavy disaster areas of the 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan province, China, and to provide a reference for more scientific and rational selection and use of public health insecticides.MethodsMosquito larvae were collected from heavy disaster areas of the 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan(experiment group) and non-heavy-disaster area in the urban district of Chengdu(control group). Additionally, standard susceptible strain was obtained from the insectaria of Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention(control group). The dipping method was used to test the resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 to determine the median lethal concentration(LC50) and resistance grades.ResultsCompared with the control larvae, the experimental larvae showed significantly high resistance to beta-cypermethrin, with resistance ratios(RRs) of 2925.00 in Beichuan county, 1250.00 in Dujiangyan city, 2375.00 in Qingchuan county, and 1075.00 in Wenchuan county. To deltamethrin, the larvae in Beichuan and Dujiangyan showed high resistance(RR 90.59 vs. 71.77), while those in Qingchuan and Wenchuan showed moderate resistance(RR 14.12 vs. 21.18). All of the experimental larvae showed low resistance to dichlorvos(RRs 9.85, 5.29, 5.90,and 7.05). To Bassa, the experimental larvae showed reduced susceptibility in Beichuan, Dujiangyan, Wenchuan, and Qingchuan(RRs 3.90, 3.12, 3.83 and 1.57).Conclusion Culex pipiens quinquefasciatuslarvae developed significantly high resistance to beta- cypermethrin and deltamethrin in heavy disaster areas of the 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake.According to the usage of insecticides after earthquake, the high insecticide resistance of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus was relevant to massive uses of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides for control of harmful insects.
Effect Research of STATCOM on Wind Farm Grid Fault

The transient process of doubly-fed induction asynchronous generator under fault conditions is analyzed,the fault curves are tested for 110 kV bus voltage and current of a booster station and the outlet voltage and current of a wind turbine by artificial short-circuit test.The effects of static var generator(SVG) on improving the low voltage ride through ability are verified by simulation when fault exits in wind farm.Field experiment proves the results of simulation.
Working with English Language Learners in the Mainstream English Language Arts Classroom Through Collaboration and Two-Way Content-Based Instruction

This chapter discusses issues related to preparing English Language Arts (ELA) teachers to better support the development of English language learners’ (ELLs) academic language skills through the use of Two-way Content-Based Instruction. Using this collaborative practice and the subsequent classroom activities, ELLs are able to achieve language-driven content objectives in the English as a second language (ESL) classroom as well as content-driven language objectives in the ELA classroom.
A domain decomposition based surface integral equation solver for characterizing electromagnetic wave propagation in mine environments

A 3D domain decomposition (DD) based surface integral equation (SIE) solver for analyzing electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in 3D mine environments is proposed. In addition to the fast characterization of deterministic propagation scenarios the solver permits the efficient statistical characterization of EM wave propagation scenarios as well as the fast design, deployment, and reconfiguration of wireless sensing, communication, and tracking systems in realistic tunnel and gallery environments.
Intravenous Contrast: Friend or Foe? A Review on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy

Intravenous iodinated contrast is used in many contrasted imaging studies ranging from computed tomography to angiography. The risks of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and its incidence have not been clearly defined. Most iodinated contrast media used today are hypertonic compared with serum osmolality and pose biological risks. However, the risk of CIN in the general population may be overestimated. Confounding risk factors may contribute to acute kidney injury other than attributable risk of contrast exposure. In high-risk populations such as in those with CKD, CIN risk may be higher and thus caution should be exerted with contrast exposure. The volumes of contrast should be minimized as much as possible and hemodynamic status should be optimized before contrast administration.
Whole Body Vibration for People with Spinal Cord Injury: a review

The purposes of this review are to summarize recent findings related to use of whole body vibration for people with spinal cord injury, explain their significance for clinical practice, and outline future areas for research. Positive outcomes identified by whole body vibration research performed to date are that it appears to be safe and well tolerated, that it may improve tolerance to upright standing via increased muscle oxygenation and improved maintenance of blood pressure in the upright standing position, and that it improves the patient’s body awareness during treatment. Clinical decision-making at this time should be guided by careful consideration of existing studies in light of the limited but emerging research in this area.
Epigenetics make transient states of cancer therapy resistance permanent

Resistance to targeted cancer therapies is mediated by stabilization of transient insensitive states.
A new component-based normalization method for PET cameras

1793 Objectives: In positron emission tomography (PET), in order to generate artifact-free images, the nonuniformity of the sensitivity of the lines of response (LORs) must be corrected with appropriate normalization coefficients (NCs). There are two commonly used methods for estimating the normalization coefficients in 3D PET: direct method and component-based method. In direct method the NC is proportional to the inverse of the counts acquired for a given LOR when every LOR is illuminated by the same level of activity. The direct method requires long acquisition time (many hours) for good statistic in each LOR. In component-based technique the NC is generally expressed as the product of crystals efficiencies and geometric factors. In this work, we present a new and fast component-based normalization method for 3D PET data which also accounts for count-rate effects in NCs. Methods: In this new method the geometric correction factor is expressed as the product of two components: the first component is only a function of radial position and second term depends on location of the crystal in the block and in the module. The first geometric component which is count-rate independent is calculated from the geometry of the crystals in camera’s ring and does not change unless camera configuration changes. The second geometric component, in combination with the detector efficiency, can be obtained from data acquired using a uniformly distributed activity. In this method, the number of unknown parameters is reduced from the extremely large number of LORs to the number of crystals in the camera. This makes it possible to collect data with reasonable statistics in short time (e.g. 10 minutes). Results: We have evaluated the new normalization method for a dedicated small animal PET camera operating in 3D mode over a wide range of count-rates and compared the results with direct method using a 2 inch uniform normalization phantom for several different count rates. Currently we are also implementing this method for a whole-body PET camera and initial results are very promising. Conclusions: The new component-based normalization method for 3D PET data allows a fast acquisition of normalization data for different levels of count rates and improves the image quality compared to the much slower direct method.
The risks of professional protest.

Doctors who engage in public protest or civil disobedience must have a truly urgent reason, such as an injustice that endangers their ability to practice medicine, and a clear explanation for their actions because such protests have the potential to damage the reputation of the profession.
SAP AG: Orchestrating the Ecosystem

Business ecosystems require careful orchestration and strategic choices regarding make/buy/partner decisions and membership access. This case examines the strategic and technological issues related to managing SAP's thriving ecosystem of user communities, software vendors, integration partners and technology providers. It details how the ecosystem gets developed and the challenges in meeting the needs of the internal organization, large partners, and small up and coming firms. SAP executives, in this case, have to make a decision if a relatively small startup firm should be elevated to the highest strategic partnership level, normally reserved for very large firms.
The principles of medical ethics and their application to Mexican-American elderly patients

Within the vigor of the American medical ethical dialogue, awareness that the principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, and justice may reflect some cultural bias that, in effect, may not be applicable to Americans of all ethnicities is growing. This bias raises the question about what happens when these three ethical principles are applied in clinical situations involving elderly Mexican-American patients. Four case studies based on actual patient encounters are presented to show the manner in which ethical principles may apply for Mexican-American patients and to generate discussion by presenting evidence that indicates that the fundamental ethical principle that Mexican-American elders expect will be applied by their physicians is beneficence, and not respect for self-determination.
Particle Motion in Electromagnetic Fields

The motion of charged particles moving in an electromagnetic field are determined by the Lorentz force. In this chapter we consider some special applications: uniform fields, electric and magnetic lenses, scattering, and a kinetic field formulation of the equations.
Applying operations research to optimize a novel population management system for cancer screening.

Objective To optimize a new visit-independent, population-based cancer screening system (TopCare) by using operations research techniques to simulate changes in patient outreach staffing levels (delegates, navigators), modifications to user workflow within the information technology (IT) system, and changes in cancer screening recommendations. Materials and methods TopCare was modeled as a multiserver, multiphase queueing system. Simulation experiments implemented the queueing network model following a next-event time-advance mechanism, in which systematic adjustments were made to staffing levels, IT workflow settings, and cancer screening frequency in order to assess their impact on overdue screenings per patient. Results TopCare reduced the average number of overdue screenings per patient from 1.17 at inception to 0.86 during simulation to 0.23 at steady state. Increases in the workforce improved the effectiveness of TopCare. In particular, increasing the delegate or navigator staff level by one person improved screening completion rates by 1.3% or 12.2%, respectively. In contrast, changes in the amount of time a patient entry stays on delegate and navigator lists had little impact on overdue screenings. Finally, lengthening the screening interval increased efficiency within TopCare by decreasing overdue screenings at the patient level, resulting in a smaller number of overdue patients needing delegates for screening and a higher fraction of screenings completed by delegates. Conclusions Simulating the impact of changes in staffing, system parameters, and clinical inputs on the effectiveness and efficiency of care can inform the allocation of limited resources in population management.
Biological type effects on gestation length, calving traits and calf growth rate

Gestation length, birth weight calving difficulty, calf mortality rate at birth, calf mortality rate from birth to weaning, preweaning calf growth rate and calf 200-d weight were evaluated in a biological type study in which four sire breeds were bred by AI to Hereford dams. Angus and Red Poll sires represented breeds of medium size, and Pinzgauer and Simmental sires represented large breeds. Angus and Pinzgauer represented breeds with medium milk production, and Red Poll and Simmental represented breeds with high milk production. Dams mated to large sire breeds had longer (P less than .01) gestation lengths (.95 d) and higher calving difficulty scores than dams mated to medium-sized sire breeds. Calves from large sire breeds had heavier birth weight (P less than .01) and 200-d wt (6.1 kg; P less than .01) than calves from medium-sized sire breeds. Calf death loss and ADG to weaning were similar (P greater than .10) for all breeds of sire. Calves from the higher milk level sire breeds exceeded the medium-milk breeds in birth weight (1.3 kg; P less than .01) but did not (P greater than .10) in other traits. Calves from the higher milk level sire breeds exceeded the medium-milk breeds in birth weight (1.3 kg; P less than .01) but not (P greater than .10) in other traits. Interaction between size and milk production of sire breed existed for gestation length, birth weight, ADG from birth to weaning and 200-d calf weight (P less than .01). In general, mature size of sire breed was a good indication of expected performance traits not easily influenced by environment. Not all differences, however, could be explained by size and milk production of the size breed.
Impacting Capabilities: A Conceptual Framework for the Social Value of Research

There is widespread interest in evaluating the social impacts of research and other scholarly activities. Conventional metrics for social impacts focus on economics or wealth creation, such as patents or technology transfer. These kinds of metrics are less appropriate for many scholarly fields, and miss the specific social concerns or needs that researchers aim to address. In this paper, drawing on ideas from ethics and development economics, we develop a conceptual framework for characterizing the social goals of research. We first distinguish resources — such as wealth and intellectual credit — from the goals of scholarship, and further distinguish inward- and outward-facing goals. Outward-facing goals refer to the intended social impacts of research. Next we introduce the Capabilities Approach, a conceptual framework for human well-being developed by ethicists and economists over the last 40 years. This Approach focuses on basic human needs, rather than wealth, and we draw specifically on a list of central human capabilities developed by philosopher Martha Nussbaum. We propose that the items on this list provide a useful starting point for articulating the specific social aims of research. We argue that the Capabilities Approach can facilitate research communication and improve the recognition of public engagement in academic and funding institutions. Familiar bibliographic data and text mining methods can be used in a capabilities-inspired portfolio analysis, and modest changes to existing data collection systems — for tenure and promotion, or research funding applications — could support the development of even richer capabilities-inspired metrics and incentive systems.
Effect of multiple product extractions on bio-methane potential of marine macrophytic green alga Ulva lactuca

Abstract Biomethane Potential (BMP) of green macroalga Ulva lactuca post extraction of sap, ulvan and protein was analysed in batch studies. Extraction was performed in two different ways (individual and sequential) to understand the effect of removal of these components on methane yields. Both the treatments resulted in enhanced biomethane production in most of the treated residues, however, the highest methane yield of 408 ± 20.02 ml CH4 g−1 VS (70.93% of theoretical) was observed in sap and ulvan removed residue (batch VI). The methane production rates improved after both the treatments (0.15–0.28 day−1 for untreated and treated batches). This corroborates well with the fact that high protein and sulphate content are major inhibitors in anaerobic digestion (AD) of U. lactuca and their removal leads to improved methane yields. Sequential extraction of value-added products prior to the AD process not only improves biomass amenability and respective methane yields but also makes the overall process more efficient and viable.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting as Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy: A Challenge to the Diagnostician (P6.019)

Objective: The current report describes how Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy (HE) can mimic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD). Background: CJD is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative process categorized within the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies caused by abnormal folding and accumulation of prion proteins within neurons. Typical symptomatology consists of a rapidly progressive dementia with a variety of non-specific neurological features. Given the frequently non-specific clinical and diagnostic findings, CJD may mimic other causes of encephalopathy. Design/Methods: Case report and literature review Results: A 60-year-old female presents to the hospital with severe lethargy and focal seizure activity. Prior to this presentation, the patient over the course of 2 weeks had gradually progressive cognitive impairment and experienced behavior changes. Neurological exam showed inability to follow commands, aphasia, and possible akinetic mutism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated increased diffusion weighted imaging signal in the cerebral cortex, which was initially suspected to be due to her seizure activity. EEGs showed periodic lateralizing epileptiform discharges and sub-clinical status epilepticus refractory to multiple anti-epileptic medications. Extensive serum and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) testing including 14-3-3 were unremarkable, except for thyroid peroxidase antibodies, elevated TSH, and low T3 levels. In this context, there was a concern for Hashimoto’s encephalopathy for which she was treated with steroids, plasmapheresis, and rituximab, but with no clinical improvement. She developed myoclonic jerking and gradually deteriorated clinically over the course of admission. Repeat CSF testing several weeks post initial testing showed RT-QuIC, 14-3-3, and CSF t-tau as strongly positive. Conclusions: This is a unique presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease masquerading as Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy with initial testing including a 14-3-3 returning negative. The clinical course, cortical involvement on imaging, and CSF testing including the highly specific RT-QuIC tests however were strongly suggestive of CJD as the most likely etiology. Disclosure: Dr. Wiggins has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jillella has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zafar has nothing to disclose.
Visible transmission imaging of watermarks by suppression of occluding text or drawings

Abstract Historical paper often contains features embedded in its structure that are invisible under standard viewing conditions. These features (watermarks, laid lines, and chain lines) can provide valuable information about a sheet’s provenance. Standard methods of reproducing watermarks, such as beta-radiography and low-voltage x-rays, are costly and time intensive, and therefore inaccessible to many institutions or individuals. In this work we introduce an inexpensive prototype whose elements are a light table and a consumer-grade photographic camera. For a given document we acquire an image with light emitted by a light table passing through the document and two images of the front and the back side with ambient light. The images are then processed to suppress the printed elements and isolate the watermark. The proposed method is capable of recovering images of watermarks similar to the ones obtained with standard methods while being a non-destructive, rapid, easy to operate, and inexpensive method.
Mechanisms by Which Organic Solvent Exchange Transforms Responsive Pure Protein Hydrogels into Responsive Organogels.

Responsive pure protein organogel sensors and catalysts are fabricated by replacing the aqueous mobile phase of protein hydrogels with pure ethylene glycol (EG). Exchanging water for EG causes irreversible volume phase transitions (VPT) in bovine serum albumin (BSA) polymers; however, BSA hydrogel and organogel sensors show similar volume responses to protein–ligand binding. This work elucidates the mechanisms involved in this enabling irreversible VPT by examining the protein secondary structure, hydration, and protein polymer morphology. Organogel proteins retain their native activity because their secondary structure and hydration shell are relatively unperturbed by the EG exchange. Conversely, the decreasing solvent quality initiates polymer phase separation to minimize the BSA polymer surface area exposed to EG, thus decreasing distances between BSA polymer strands. These protein polymer morphology changes promote interprotein interactions between BSA polymer strands, which increase the effective pol...
Spatio-temporal undersampling: Recovering ultrasonic guided wavefields from incomplete data with compressive sensing

Abstract Many non-destructive evaluation techniques are based on the study and assessment of guided wavefields. Yet, the extent of the sensing region and the span of time over which wavefield data is acquired can be tremendous, resulting in an enormous amount of spatio-temporal data. As a result, reducing the burden of data acquisition and storage from undersampled data could be highly advantageous. To achieve this end, various signal processing methodologies have been proposed in the literature, many of which make use of compressive sensing. In prior work, such methodologies for effective wavefield reconstruction from incomplete data in space and in time (separately) have been demonstrated. In this paper, we combine these approaches. We present a compressive sensing based guided wave retrieval method with a two-dimensional ultrasonic guided wave model, which enables us to reconstruct wavefields that are undersampled in both the temporal and spatial domains. Results from implementing this method on a dataset consisting of experimental guided wave propagation indicate its potential for accurate wave reconstruction in the presence of spatio-temporal undersampling. We compare results for a variety of subsampling strategies and study the impact of sparsity on the reconstruction performance. Our results indicate that the proposed methodology in this paper is capable of achieving an accuracy of more than 80 percent (in terms of correlation coefficient) at a spatio-temporal undersampling ratio of about 40 percent using random sampling in space and time.
Transient simulations of dilute magnetic semiconductors RTDs (Invited Paper)

We present the development of a set of electron and hole quantum transport equations for barrier devices with dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) regions. The equations are developed from the time dependent equation of motion of the density matrix equation in the coordinate representation, leading to both the transient spin Wigner equations and the 'classical' spin drift and diffusion equations for high 'g' factor DMS materials. The role of DMS layers is illustrated for two structures; one where the DMS layer is confined to the first barrier, and another with DMS emitter and collector barriers. In each case we obtain the spinup and spindown carrier and current distributions, from self-consistent solutions to the transient spin dependent Wigner equation. Negative differential conductance as well as the significant unequal spinup and spin down charge distributions are obtained.
Fast Heuristics for Covering 1.5D Terrain

We review important algorithmic results for the coverage of 1.5D terrain by point guards. Finding the minimum number of point guards for covering 1.5D terrain is known to be NP-hard. We propose an approximation algorithm for covering 1.5D terrain by a few number of point guards. The algorithm which we call Greedy Ranking Algorithm is based on ranking vertices in term of number of visible edges from them. We also present an improvement of the Greedy Ranking Algorithm by making use of visibility graph of the input terrain.
Assessing medication compliance in palliative care: what methodology should be utilized?

Abstract Urine drug testing is an important tool utilized by providers to assess medication compliance in all medical specialties including palliative care. Due to its superior sensitivity and specificity, confirmatory testing by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is replacing urine immunoassay screens. This case demonstrates the clinical utility of targeted LC–MS/MS testing to assess medication adherence and detect simulated compliance and the value of the laboratory in assisting with result interpretation. The design of a confirmatory testing panel including specimen hydrolysis and assay cutoffs is also discussed.
NMR metabolomic analysis of bacterial resistance pathways using multivalent quaternary ammonium functionalized macromolecules.

Multivalent antimicrobial dendrimers are an exciting new system that is being developed to address the growing problem of drug resistant bacteria. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics is a quantitative and reproducible method for the determination of bacterial response to environmental stressors and for visualization of perturbations to biochemical pathways. NMR metabolomics is used to elucidate metabolite differences between wild type and antimicrobially mutated Escherichia coli (E. coli) samples. Proton (1H) NMR hydrophilic metabolite analysis was conducted on samples of E. coli after 33 growth cycles of a minimum inhibitory challenge to E. coli by poly(amidoamine) dendrimers functionalized with mannose and with C16-DABCO quaternary ammonium endgroups and compared to the metabolic profile of wild type E. coli. The wild type and mutated E. coli samples were separated into distinct sample sets by hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse partial least squares discriminate analysis (sPLS-DA). Metabolite components of membrane fortification and energy related pathways had a significant p value and fold change between the wild type and mutated E. coli. Amino acids commonly associated with membrane fortification from cationic antimicrobials, such as lysine, were found to have a higher concentration in the mutated E. coli than in the wild type E. coli. N-acetylglucosamine, a major component of peptidoglycan synthesis, was found to have a 25-fold higher concentration in the mid log phase of the mutated E. coli than in the mid log phase of the wild type. The metabolic profile suggests that E. coli change their peptidoglycan composition in order to garner protection from the highly positively charged and multivalent C16-DABCO and mannose functionalized dendrimer.
Ultrafiltration and other treatments of volume overload in congestive heart failure

Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a significant public health problem worldwide due to its prevalence and the substantial economic burden it imposes on the society. While conventional management of HF with loop diuretics remains the cornerstone, patients often develop diuretic resistance and worsening renal function during treatment, which has been linked to adverse outcomes. Although mechanical ultrafiltration (UF) has been used in the treatment of HF for decades, significant interest in its use was recently generated from encouraging published results involving devices with newer technology. Recent trials have evaluated its efficacy and safety as well as practical aspects of its use such as improvement in patients’ symptoms and length of hospital stay. Guidelines from major societies recommend that UF may be considered for patients with refractory congestion not responding to medical therapy. In this chapter, we discuss the role of UF therapy in refractory HF, emphasizing its effect on cardiovascular and renal systems and patient outcomes substantiated by published data. We also briefly discuss novel UF devices that are being developed to facilitate mechanical fluid extraction in HF patients, that are convenient to use even in the outpatient setting.
Diagnostic utility of sub-maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the ambulatory setting for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction:

Pulmonary hypertension is commonly associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the elevated left-sided filling pressures resul...
Democratic backsliding and the media: the convergence of news narratives in Turkey:

This article presents how the rise of Justice and Development Party (AKP) to political power in Turkey transformed journalists’ professional practices as to lead to a decline in the plurality of op...
Celebrating 30 years of excellence amid the COVID-19 pandemic — An update on the effects of COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19 vaccines on hospitality industry: overview of the current situation and a research agenda

Volume 30 of the Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management marks an important landmark for the Journal amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal has entered its 30th year with Volume 30. The firs...
Helping Behavior in Networked Organizations

I study organizations in which agents are connected through a fixed, un-directed, and unweighted network, and work collectively to produce a team output. Besides choosing own effort that contributes directly to the team output, agents can also exert helping effort to their network neighbors so as to reduce the neighbors' marginal dis-utility of own effort, and thus contributes indirectly to the team output. I characterize the sub-game perfect Nash equilibria in a two-stage game in which agents first simultaneously decide how much helping effort to devote to neighboring agents, and then decide how much own effort to expend, based upon the previously determined pattern of mutual help. The best response function of each agent with respect to the helping effort is nonlinear but the model is still tractable. I establish the existence and (generic) uniqueness of the equilibria. I show that a dense network might not necessarily sustain higher level of mutual help or achieve better performance, because many links in that network might be redundant. If the agents are homogeneous, the network in which agents are pairwise connected could attain the highest efficiency.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Development of an ACEs Knowledge Scale.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impacting children's health and later in their lives warrant necessity to educate nursing students about ACEs. The purposes of this study were to evaluate (a) nursing students' understanding of key concepts of ACEs using the ACEs Knowledge Scale (AKS) and (b) psychometric properties of the AKS. METHODS A survey using AKS was conducted with randomly selected student participants (n = 344) to evaluate students' understanding of ACEs knowledge. Empirical validation of the AKS included content validity using Content Validity Index (CVI), reliability, and construct validity analyses. RESULTS The results showed students in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program had increased knowledge of ACEs over pre-nursing students, and the BSN graduating students had increased knowledge related to trauma-informed care and building resilience. There were no significant differences in ACEs knowledge between Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) and BSN students. Evaluation of psychometric properties of AKS revealed S-CVI/Ave=0.912, indicated excellent content validity based on the expert panel's ratings. Cronbach's alpha coefficient = .84 for the overall instrument indicated good reliability. Factor analyses were employed, showing that the 5-factor model gives good fit indexes, supporting the hypothesized factor structure of five key concepts. CONCLUSIONS The AKS has showed promising implications to future research, nursing education, and nursing practice.
Focal Task-Specific Dystonia Affecting the Proximal Arm — An Under-Recognized Disorder? (P5.062)

Objective: To describe several cases of focal task-specific dystonia affecting the proximal arm, an unusual and under-recognized disorder. Background: Focal task-specific dystonia (FTSD) is a rare movement disorder characterized by abnormal activation of specific muscles during the performance of a particular task. FTSD is a well-described phenomenon affecting the hand and lower face, which conforms to the idea that precision movements of homuncularly well represented body regions drive the disorder. Design/Methods: We describe seven patients seen over a five-year period (2012 – 2016) with FTSD affecting the proximal arm. Results: Six men and one woman were seen, with a mean age of 29.6 and a mean age of symptom onset of 27.7. All patients were either training or performing at the competitive/professional level at the time of symptom onset; four were musicians and three were athletes presenting with a diverse set of triggers involving archery, playing violin, drums, table tennis, and baseball. Six of the seven patients presented with isolated proximal arm involvement at presentation; one had concurrent writer’s cramp. All seven developed marked decrement in their technique and accuracy, and all but one experienced a period of time when they could not play their instrument or sport. One patient successfully altered his technique by training the opposite, unaffected arm. Of the five who elected medical treatment, only one responded adequately to oral medications alone; however, the other four improved with targeted botulinum toxin injections. Conclusions: FTSD of the proximal arm is a rare task-specific dystonia, which can present with a variety of individual triggers. Age of symptom onset is a decade earlier than FTSD affecting the hand. Further investigation of these unusual disorders of motor control is warranted. Disclosure: Dr. Stahl has nothing to disclose. Dr Frucht has nothing to disclose.
Symbiotic Composition and Evolvability

Several of the Major Transitions in natural evolution, such as the symbiogenic origin of eukaryotes from prokaryotes, share the feature that existing entities became the components of composite entities at a higher level of organisation. This composition of pre-adapted extant entities into a new whole is a fundamentally different source of variation from the gradual accumulation of small random variations, and it has some interesting consequences for issues of evolvability. In this paper we present a very abstract model of 'symbiotic composition' to explore its possible impact on evolvability. A particular adaptive landscape is used to exemplify a class where symbiotic composition has an adaptive advantage with respect to evolution under mutation and sexual recombination. Whilst innovation using conventional evolutionary algorithms becomes increasingly more difficult as evolution continues in this problem, innovation via symbiotic composition continues through successive hierarchical levels unimpeded.
Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a cracking event on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9° 50′ N

Interaction between the hydrothermal system and the axial magma chamber at a mid-ocean ridge spreading centre takes place in a boundary layer of crust that separates circulating sea water from basaltic melt1. The nature of heat flow through this region is critical because it determines the pressure–temperature conditions of the water–rock interaction and regulates the total heat flux through the system2. Here we combine seismic, thermal and chemical time-series data from high-temperature vents on the East Pacific Rise axis at 9° 50.2′ N to link a microearthquake swarm with changes measured in vent fluids. Four days after the earthquake swarm opened fractures near the base of the circulation system, a sudden increase in fluid temperature in the overlying ‘Bio9’ black-smoker vent was observed. Temperatures peaked at the vent 11 days after the swarm and gradually declined back to just above pre-swarm levels (365 °C) over the next 70 days. These observations are consistent with the Bio9 hydrothermal system tapping a previously isolated region of crust, and an upflow fluid residence time of 4 days, compared to previous lower-resolution estimates of 3 years or less3.
Psychological Abuse Among College Women in Exclusive Heterosexual Dating Relationships

This study was designed to identify possible predictors of psychological abuse in non-marital heterosexual romantic relationships. In attempting to predict who would self-identify as being psychologically abused, we investigated a number of variables including psychological abuse in past close relationships, psychological abuse within the family of origin, self-esteem, and characteristics of the current relationship, including seriousness and duration of the relationship. Of particular interest in the study was the providing of a definition of psychological abuse with the opportunity for participants to agree that they were or were not in a psychologically abusive relationship. Descriptive statistics are reported that describe the frequency of psychological abuse in a dating population as well as a variety of perceptions of the abuse by victims. Participants were 175 female college students who were either enrolled in undergraduate psychology classes, or were members of a sorority. They were single and reported being currently involved in an exclusive heterosexual dating relationship of at least two months duration. When participants were provided with a definition of psychological abuse, nineteen individuals identified themselves as psychologically abused; 156 individuals identified themselves as non-abused. Psychologically abused participants, when compared with non-abused participants, reported more instances of partner behaviors characteristic of psychological abuse and gave higher estimates of the percentage of women in the study who were currently being psychologically abused (False Consensus Effect). Using regression analysis, we also found that abused individuals were more likely to have lower self-esteem, to come from homes in which their parents' relationship involved psychological abuse, and to report that they were psychologically abused by either their mother or their father.
Metadata Realities for Cyberinfrastructure: Data Authors as Metadata Creators.

Author(s): Mayernik, Matthew S | Abstract: As digital data creation technologies become more prevalent, data and metadata management are necessary to make data available, usable, sharable, and storable. Researchers in many scientific settings, however, have little experience or expertise in data and metadata management. In this dissertation, I explore the everyday data and metadata management practices of researchers through a multi-sited ethnographic study of metadata creation by researchers in the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS). In studying metadata practices, I focused on the ways that researchers document, describe, annotate, organize, and manage their data, both for their own use and the use of researchers outside of their project. This study illustrates how researchers within CENS rarely create documentation that is not directly tied to their own use of their data, and correspondingly, they rarely share data with users from outside of their immediate projects. From these observations, I develop a metadata typology that includes six components, including metadata for: data identity, data characteristics, data quality, data collection equipment, data collection methods, and data analysis methods. I use a framework of accountability to discuss the ways that metadata practices fit within social research settings. Metadata are situated in regimes of mutual accountability in which researchers learn what is important to document, what counts as sufficient documentation, and how documentation practices are to be accounted for in social research settings. Researchers work within social ontologies in which “metadata-for-data sharing” have very low visibility. As a consequence, when asked to create metadata descriptions of the data for a shared CENS metadata registry, researchers lack specific data users, and thus describe their data for members of their most likely “imagined public:” other researchers with shared research interests and methods. I argue that the cyberinfrastructure vision of wide-spread data sharing is fundamentally mis-aligned with the realities of the day-to-day metadata practices of researchers in small-scale field sciences.
FranklinCovey Company Retain Ownership versus Sale/Leaseback Decision: A Corporate Real Estate Case Study

(2006). FranklinCovey Company Retain Ownership versus Sale/Leaseback Decision: A Corporate Real Estate Case Study. Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 81-97.
Adapting living environments for persons with Alzheimer's disease

Skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities, and specialized housing can be enhanced by incorporating dementia-oriented adaptations that better match the environment to the capabilities of individuals at different stages of dementia. Environmental adaptations can be made through architectural, interior, and landscape design specifications. New models of care for Alzheimer's disease are emerging all along the long-term care continuum. This trend has been accompanied by a gradual growth in the knowledge base about designing and delivering specialized dementia care. Three components of care are critical: (1) environmental design, (2) program development, and (3) staff development. Six different models of dementia care were identified based on an analysis of care attributes that represent the critical components of care. These models differed in terms of caregiver satisfaction and resident characteristics (ADL scores, cognition, stage of dementia, agitation, and antipsychotic drug use).
Percutaneous Fixation in Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures: Understanding Evolving Indications and Contraindications

Percutaneous fixation technique for the management of pelvic and acetabular fractures is gaining wider acceptance in the orthopaedic trauma community. The development of new surgical techniques for antegrade and retrograde placement of pelvic and acetabular columnar screws, and the increased access to advanced imaging and navigational tools have resulted in an increased application of the technique. With its increased use in tertiary trauma centers, newly trained traumatologists are rapidly embracing the advantages of percutaneous fixation perhaps at the cost of a decreased emphasis on the traditional exposures and approaches. Furthermore, consensus on what constitute definitive indications or contraindications remains unclear. Although the technical aspect of percutaneous fixation can have a steep learning curve, the technique may offer advantages over traditional open reduction and internal fixation in certain specific situations. This review discusses evolving indications in the treatment of certain fracture patterns and patient populations.
Cellular growth, nutrition and development.

Traditionally, the biological sciences have focused their attention on the whole organism, on organs as functional units, or on individual tissues in the quest for knowledge of mechanisms controlling development. Alternatively, the biochemist and endocrinologist have explored enzymes and metabolic pathways seeking the same goals. Improved methodologies now permit convergence of these approaches in the study of cells as fundamental units of structure and function. As this review has emphasized, the preliminary results are encouraging and exciting. The concept of critical periods in development has been repeatedly emphasized. Systematic exploration of the effects of imposed nutritional variables on cell ploidy, the appearance or disappearance of enzyme systems, and the production and/or functional expression of hormones will shed light on imprinting effects of early deficiencies on the growing organism. Sex and age differences in these parameters are most thought provoking, as is the potential application of cell methods to diagnosis or monitoring progress of childhood diseases. Particularly exciting are the studies seeking to explain the consequences of malnutrition on nerve cell development, an understanding of which may perhaps identify a biological basis for subsequent behavioral abnormalities. A potentially fruitful area for study is the aging process, with emphasis on improved understanding of cellular changes associated with maturation and decline in cellular function. Acceleration of progress in this field will depend on refinements in methods for counting cells and estimating cell size or functionality. Special attention needs to be given to DNA as the index for cell function in the light of recent questions concerning the nature and location of DNA in different cells. More direct measures of cell function are needed inasmuch as large cells may not in fact be more functional cells. Comparability of findings from experimental animals to developmental processes in subhuman primates and humans need clarification. The need for new experimental models (including invertebrates) for research on cellular aging is particularly pressing. The adaptation of cell culture techniques to nutritional problems is another promising area for expanding research. The cellular approach to nutrition promises new explanations for nutritional influences on development. The data presently available partly explain why nutritional insults at a given time have permanent repercussions throughout life. These and future findings will be significant beyond the laboratory setting, having impact upon clinical diagnosis as well as on the design and implementation of improved nutrition service programs.
Report: The Need to Renew TRIA ABA TIPS Task Force on Federal Involvement in Insurance Regulation Modernization

This Report support’s the position by the ABA TIPS Task Force on Federal Involvement in Insurance Regulation Modernization that the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) should be renewed. Although the market for terrorism insurance has developed with the support of TRIA, the fundamental nature of terrorism risk has not changed and continues to require the Federal backstop. Because of the unpredictability of terrorism risk, without a Federal backstop many insurers will withdraw from the terrorism market, the price of terrorism insurance will rise and take-up rates will fall. Other countries facing terrorism risk, in some cases substantially less risk than the United States, have recognized the need for government involvement and have government programs. In fact, TRIA’s use of a significant insurer and industry retentions, and the role of the Federal government as a “backstop” rather than as an insurer, makes TRIA one of the most “market” oriented terrorism insurance programs.