cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The noise-free fetal electrocardiogram recorded from the maternal abdomen

Abstract Although reports have appeared describing the usefulness of the fetal complex in the diagnosis of fetal distress, the true value of the complex has been obscured by our inability to obtain readable FECG's. This is especially true of tracings recorded from the maternal abdomen. This article presents a simple, easily reproducible technique to extract the fetal complex recorded from the maternal abdomen from its background noise using averaging techniques with small, on-line table model computers. Three readouts from different fetuses are presented, demonstrating in each a clear biphasic fetal QRS complex and positive P and T waves.
Arthroscopic Wrist Anatomy

Arthroscopic wrist anatomy is best learned from cadaveric bioskills first, and reinforced through experience. Correlating focal clinical findings with arthroscopic anatomy, both normal and pathologic, can expand the clinician’s understanding and nuanced-interpretation of presenting complaints. Wrist arthroscopy has been shown to be more effective and predictable than all but the most sophisticated MRI and has an added benefit of real-time assessment of dynamic instability and partial cartilage lesions. Visualizing wrist pathology with the arthroscope is often more reliable than a physical examination or imaging studies such as MRI, arthrography, or plain radiographs. It is essential to alternate viewing and instrumentation portals to properly view normal and abnormal anatomy from various angles. Once arthroscopic wrist anatomy is understood and mastered, the surgeon can best plan and perform treatment based on the patient’s internal wrist pathology.
Immature Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes Rescue Septic Animals Via Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor VIII

Sepsis, a highly lethal systemic inflammatory syndrome, is associated with increases of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, HMGB1) and the accumulation of apoptotic cells that have the potential to be detrimental. Depending on the timing and tissue, prevention of apoptosis in sepsis is beneficial; however, thwarting the development of secondary necrosis through the active removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis may offer a novel anti-sepsis therapy. Immature dendritic cells (IDCs) release exosomes that contain milk fat globule EGF factor VIII (MFGE8), a protein required to opsonize apoptotic cells for phagocytosis. In an experimental sepsis model using cecal ligation and puncture, we found that MFGE8 levels decreased in the spleen and blood, which was associated with impaired apoptotic cell clearance. Administration of IDC-derived exosomes promoted phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and significantly reduced mortality. Treatment with recombinant MFGE8 was equally protective, whereas MFGE8-deficient mice suffered from increased mortality. IDC exosomes also attenuated the release of proinflammatory cytokines in septic rats. Liberation of HMGB1, a nuclear protein that contributes to inflammation upon release from unengulfed apoptotic cells, was prevented by MFGE8-mediated phagocytosis in vitro. We conclude that IDC-derived exosomes attenuate the acute systemic inflammatory response in sepsis by enhancing apoptotic cell clearance via MFGE8.
Prematurity and Low Birthweight

Prematurity and low birthweight (LBW) constitute frequently occurring perinatal complications with potentially risky implications. Although the terms prematurity and LBW have been around for some time, the precise meaning of these terms is often confused, giving rise to misunderstanding and inaccuracies. Historically, the terms prematurity and LBW were used interchangeably (Caputo and Mandell, 1970). These investigators were referring to a gestational age of ≤ 38 weeks or less and a birthweight of ≤ 2500 g. More recently, the term very low birthweight (VLBW) has been used to designate a birthweight of ≤ 1500 g. Using the terms prematurity and LBW synonymously leads to some confusion, since every premature infant is not LBW and every LBW infant is not premature. Owing to these discrepancies a more accurate terminology has been introduced and takes into account the relationship between gestational age and weight at birth. The new designations include small for gestational age (SGA), average for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). These terms distinguish an infant within the statistically normal range for gestational age or outside the normal range. Although there are additional descriptions related to gestational age—birthweight interactions (Lubchenco, 1976), SGA, AGA, and LGA are most frequently used. The cutoff point for the SGA infant is a birthweight below the 10th percentile for its gestational age. Conversely, the cutoff point for the LGA infant is a birthweight above the 90th percentile for its gestational age. All other infants are regarded as average for gestational age, regardless of their age status. In this way, clinicians and researchers can determine whether an infants’ growth is within the expected range for its age (Fig. 1).
Integrated optimal control of battery energy storage management system for energy management and PV Capacity Firming

In this paper and integrated battery energy management algorithm for optimal control of power and energy of a medium voltage feeder is discussed. The proposed unique control algorithm enhances coordination of two main storage applications, viz., Photo-Voltaic Capacity Firming (PVCF) and electric Energy Time Shift (ETS). Optimization of control parameters and set points are considered for management between the mentioned applications. Practical implementation results on a utility feeder are discussed.
Development, reliability and validation of a neurogenic bowel dysfunction score in pediatric patients with spina bifida

Objective To develop a reliable and valid questionnaire to monitor neurogenic bowel symptoms in children. Patients Thirty-four children aged 6–18 with neurogenic bowel and their caregivers. Eighteen control patients. Methods An expert panel generated a domain of observables and formative/reflective content. Response options were scaled following Likert-type items. Key informant interviews revised the measures. A final questionnaire was given to patients twice to calculate intra-rater reliability using Cohen's Kappa Coefficient (k) and paired t-test. Blinded interviews were conducted after physical examination and health assessment and questionnaires completed by a nurse to determine construct validity and inter-rater reliability using k and Spearman's rank-order correlation. Control patients completed the questionnaire once, their results were used to determine discriminate validity and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Intra-rater reliability showed 85% of the questionnaires having k >0.6. Paired t-test results of t(33) = 1.997, P = 0.054, d = 0.53, confirmed there was not a significant difference between the scores of the two completed questionnaires. Inter-rater reliability showed 97% of the questionnaires having k >0.6 between the nurse and the patient/caregiver responses. Scores had a strong positive correlation at rs(32) = 0.943, P < 0.0005. Mean score with neurogenic bowel was 15.18(STD ± 5.77) and control group 4.68(STD ± 2.98). ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.9. A score of 8.5 correlated with presence of neurogenic bowel with sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 87%. Conclusion The questionnaire shows positive reliability and validity when used for pediatric neurogenic bowel patients. The questionnaire differentiates between normal and neurogenic patients. Larger studies are necessary to conduct further validation. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced central response to dehydration in mice lacking angiotensin AT1a receptors

The objective was to determine the central nervous system (CNS) responses to dehydration (c-Fos and vasopressin mRNA) in mice lacking the ANG AT1a receptor [ANG AT1a knockout (KO)]. Control and AT1...
Models for the Deformation Behavior of Viscoelastic Media with Distributed Damage and Their Applicability to Ice

A constitutive theory that was originally developed for nonlinear viscoelastic composite materials with damage is described. It is shown that the predicted behavior is consistent with that of polycrystalline ice. This theory is quite different from those developed for ice by other investigators. Therefore, besides reviewing the results, we give the underlying mathematical and physical arguments. First, some aspects of linear and nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive theory without damage are reviewed. Then, previously developed results for uniaxial loading are described and shown to be consistent with the behavior of ice under conditions of constant compressive stress and strain rate. Encouraged by these results we review the basis for the theory for uniaxial and other types of proportional loading, starting with a multiaxial constitutive equation without damage and an equation for microcrack growth rate. Finally, some aspects of the nonproportional loading problem are discussed.
Effect of interleukin-6 polymorphism on risk of preterm birth within population strata: a meta-analysis

Because of the role of inflammation in preterm birth (PTB), polymorphisms in and near the interleukin-6 gene (IL6) have been association study targets. Several previous studies have assessed the association between PTB and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1800795, located in the IL6 gene promoter region. Their results have been inconsistent and SNP frequencies have varied strikingly among different populations. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis with subgroup analysis by population strata to: (1) reduce the confounding effect of population structure, (2) increase sample size and statistical power, and (3) elucidate the association between rs1800975 and PTB. We reviewed all published papers for PTB phenotype and SNP rs1800795 genotype. Maternal genotype and fetal genotype were analyzed separately and the analyses were stratified by population. The PTB phenotype was defined as gestational age (GA) < 37 weeks, but results from earlier GA were selected when available. All studies were compared by genotype (CC versus CG+GG), based on functional studies. For the maternal genotype analysis, 1,165 PTBs and 3,830 term controls were evaluated. Populations were stratified into women of European descent (for whom the most data were available) and women of heterogeneous origin or admixed populations. All ancestry was self-reported. Women of European descent had a summary odds ratio (OR) of 0.68, (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 – 0.91), indicating that the CC genotype is protective against PTB. The result for non-European women was not statistically significant (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.59 - 1.75). For the fetal genotype analysis, four studies were included; there was no significant association with PTB (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.72 - 1.33). Sensitivity analysis showed that preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) may be a confounding factor contributing to phenotype heterogeneity. IL6 SNP rs1800795 genotype CC is protective against PTB in women of European descent. It is not significant in other heterogeneous or admixed populations, or in fetal genotype analysis. Population structure is an important confounding factor that should be controlled for in studies of PTB.
Asymptotic analysis for the burning of n-heptane droplets using a four-step reduced mechanism

A four-step reduced mechanism is obtained from a minimal chemical-kinetic description, where the effects of the elementary rates are treated as parameters in the expressions for the global rates. This mechanism is used to analyze the extinction characteristics of a single n-heptane droplet burning under quasi-steady, spherically symmetrical conditions. The reaction layer consists of a merged inner zone, on the fuel-rich side of the flame, where fuel and H atoms are consumed thereby producing H2 and CO along with H2O and CO2, and an oxygen-consumption zone, on the fuel-lean side, where H2 and CO are oxidized to produce additional H2O and CO2 along with H radicals. For the inner zone, a parameter mu is identified which describes the ratio of the thickness of a fuel-consumption layer to that of an H-recombination layer. Analytical solutions for the rate of scalar dissipation at extinction are obtained in the limiting cases of mu tending to 0 and mu tending to infinity. From the results of the analysis, extinction diameters for n-heptane droplets are estimated for different pressures and ambient oxygen concentrations.
Continuous wear measurement by on-line ferrography

Abstract An on-line Ferrograph was used to monitor the wear rates of oil-lubricated ball-bearings. Periodically, the test bearings were also removed from the test stand and cleaned and weighed on an analytical balance. A comparison of the mass loss data obtained by each of these two methods showed that the Ferrograph readings did provide on-line quantitative wear data for each individual test. However, the rates at which the ball-bearings wore were not consistent from test to test. For the four ball-bearings that were evaluated, plots of the Ferrograph concentration readings versus bearing mass loss gave slopes that varied between 1.1 and 2.5. Nevertheless, the results showed that semiquantitative data on the wear rates of machine components could be obtained with this on-line instrumentation.
G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase Specificity for Phosphorylation and Desensitization of α2-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes

The alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) subtype alpha2C10 undergoes rapid agonist-promoted desensitization which is due to phosphorylation of the receptor. One kinase that has been shown to phosphorylate alpha2C10 in an agonist-dependent manner is the betaAR kinase (betaARK), a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). In contrast, the alpha2C4 subtype has not been observed to undergo agonist-promoted desensitization or phosphorylation by betaARK. However, the substrate specificities of the GRKs for phosphorylating alpha2AR subtypes are not known. We considered that differential capacities of various GRKs to phosphorylate alpha2C10 and alpha2C4 might be a key factor in dictating in a given cell the presence or extent of agonist-promoted desensitization of these receptors. COS-7 cells were co-transfected with alpha2C10 or alpha2C4 without or with the following GRKs: betaARK, betaARK2, GRK5, or GRK6. Intact cell phosphorylation studies were carried out by labeling cells with 32Pi, exposing some to agonist, and purifying the alpha2AR by immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. BetaARK and betaARK2 were both found to phosphorylate alpha2C10 to equal extents (>2-fold over that of the endogenous kinases). On the other hand, GRK5 and GRK6 did not phosphorylate alpha2C10. In contrast to the findings with alpha2C10, alpha2C4 was not phosphorylated by any of these kinases. Functional studies carried out in transfected HEK293 cells expressing alpha2C10 or alpha2C4 and selected GRKs were consistent with these phosphorylation results. With the marked expression of these receptors, no agonist-promoted desensitization was observed in the absence of GRK co-expression. However, desensitization was imparted to alpha2C10 by co-expression of betaARK but not GRK6, while alpha2C4 failed to desensitize with co-expression of betaARK. These results indicate that short term agonist-promoted desensitization of alpha2ARs by phosphorylation is dependent on both the receptor subtype and the expressed GRK isoform.
WE‐C‐BRA‐02: Toward Real‐Time Optical Image‐Guided Radiotherapy

Looking ahead toward frameless, remote, and real‐time optical image‐guidedradiotherapy, we will review the basic principles, mathematics, features, and clinical applications of most advanced optical imaging techniques being applied for live tracking of target motion and real‐time video‐guided repositioning of patients. We will theoretically examine marker‐based and surface‐based registration algorithms, their coordinate calibration and QA programs, measurements and corrections in 6‐degrees of freedom for image‐guided intracranial SRS and IMRT of superficial tumors, monitoring and interpretation of organ motion for gated RT and SBRT of NSCLC, and development in quantification and detection of surface deformation for IMRT of H&N and breast cancer. The advantages of fast imaging and registration, ease of use, and high accuracy and precision, and the drawbacks of correlating surface or markers with the internal target, image shadow artifacts, mismatching problems without robust applications or solutions, are demonstrated through clinical cases accrued in early clinical trials.
Crystal-storing Histiocytosis due to Massive Accumulation of Charcot-Leyden Crystals: A Unique Association Producing Colonic Polyposis in a 78-year-old Woman With Eosinophilic Colitis

Crystal-storing histiocytosis is a rare diagnosis that to date has only been associated with 2 conditions: intracytoplasmic accumulation of crystallized immunoglobulins in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders or plasma cell dyscrasias, and histiocytic accumulations of phagocytosed clofazimine, a drug used to treat lepromatous leprosy. We describe a 78-year-old woman with a past medical history of dermatologic mastocytosis and peripheral eosinophilia who presented with diarrhea and weight loss, and was found at colonoscopy to have polyposis limited to the right and transverse colon. She eventually underwent subtotal colectomy to remove the segment of polyposis. At gross examination, the colonic mucosa contained numerous polyps ranging from 1 to 7 mm which on histologic evaluation proved to represent mucosal and submucosal collections of histiocytes whose cytoplasm was distended by numerous brightly eosinophilic crystals. An intense eosinophilic infiltrate surrounded the histiocyte collections and also mildly involved the intervening colonic mucosa and superficial submucosa. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intracytoplasmic material identical to Charcot-Leyden crystals within histiocytes, representing the breakdown products of degranulated eosinophils. This is the first reported case of crystal-storing histiocytosis produced by massive accumulation of Charcot-Leyden crystals in eosinophilic colitis.
Hadronic Z gamma production with QCD corrections and leptonic decays.

The process ${\mathit{pp}}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}})}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Z\ensuremath{\gamma}+X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{l}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathit{l}}^{+}$\ensuremath{\gamma}+X, where l denotes a lepton, is calculated to O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}$). Total and differential cross sections, with acceptance cuts imposed on the leptons and photon, are given for the Fermilab Tevatron and CERN LHC center-of-mass energies. In general, invariant mass and angular distributions are simply scaled up in magnitude by the QCD radiative corrections, whereas in transverse momentum distributions, the QCD radiative corrections increase with the transverse momentum.
Editorial: A Manual for Journal of Nanophotonics Authors

Choose the right size. Should you write a letter or a full paper? Your choice depends only partly on the contents of the intended paper. Letters are appropriate to present either work of momentous importance that must be published quickly, or incidental results that would add to the literature but are not of sufficient importance to merit publication as a full paper. A full paper contains a lot of necessary detail. Only a small fraction of researchers will be highly interested in knowing all the details. Many full papers are read carefully only by graduate students. Make sure that you provide enough details so that your reader is not frustrated.
The Effect of Nicarbazin on Reproduction in White Rock Breeder Hens

Abstract NICARBAZIN—a molecular complex of 4, 4′-dinitrocarbanilide and 2-hydroxy-4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine—became widely used during 1955 as a coccidiostat for starting and growing chicks. Barber (1955) showed that Nicarbazin fed at a level of 0.015% prevented mortality due to E. tenella and that weight gains of chicks fed this material were normal when they were exposed to either E. tenella or E. acervulina. Higgins (1955) found that chicks fed Nicarbazin at the 0.015% level successfully withstood a challenge from a mixed culture of E. tenella, E. acervulina and E. necatrix. In his studies, the chicks were fed the Nicarbazin for one or two days before they were challenged with the coccidia. Ott and co-workers (1955) found that Nicarbazin, at levels between 0.01% and 0.02% permitted optimal growth and feed utilization in young chickens and did not interfere with sexual maturity, egg production and fertility in adult chickens. They reported, however, that …
Scheduling of Pharmacist-Provided Medication Education for Hospitalized Patients

Purpose: In a comprehensive medication-education program at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, pharmacists provide medication education for hospitalized patients at high risk for nonadherence. This study assessed whether patients’ ability to recall medication information after hospital discharge was influenced by the timing of education.Methods: Patients who received medication education from pharmacists during a 10-week period were included. Patients were called 2 to 3 days after discharge and were asked to recall the indication, name, dose, frequency, and side effects for 2 medications that were reviewed by the pharmacist. After grouping patients by number of days between education and discharge, recall accuracy was compared between the groups.Results: Of 270 patients who received education, 100 patients met inclusion criteria and were available for telephone follow-up. The highest recall responses were for frequency of administration (88%), medication name (78%), indication (78%), and dose (7...
An anti-deficit perspective on black male student athletes’ educational experiences at a historically black college/university

The purpose of this study was to identify key institutional characteristics and practices at a historically black college/university (HBCU) that contributed to positive educational experiences for black male student athletes. This mixed methods exploratory study involved the use of a 79-item Student Athlete College Experiences Questionnaire (SACEQ), three focus group interviews, and four individual interviews. Participants in this study included 57 black male football and men’s basketball student athletes at an HBCU in the southeastern US. Institutional theory and the anti-deficit achievement framework were incorporated to highlight effective institutional practices at an HBCU. Findings revealed the presence of a nurturing familial campus climate and purposefully designed institutional programs enhanced black male student athletes’ educational experiences. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Measurement of swelling of coals in organic liquids: a new approach

Abstract The sorption of organic molecules on coals of various rank was studied using gravimetric and pycnometric techniques. The pycnometric technique was insensitive to sorption due to swelling. Hence, a comparison of sorption values obtained by these two techniques provides an accurate measure of solvent-induced swelling in porous samples. In this study the maximum degree of benzene and tetralin-induced swelling occurred in a coal of 75 wt% carbon content. Compressibility was also found to be at a maximum in this coal. These results suggest that at 75 wt% carbon content the size and/or flexibility of the chain segments between crosslinks in coal are at a maximum.
Challenges facing developers of CAD/CAM models that seek to predict human working postures

This paper outlines the need for development of human posture prediction models for Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) design applications in product, facility and work design. Challenges facing developers of posture prediction algorithms are presented and discussed.
Lipkin's third component and valence-core exchange

Abstract We show that Lipkin's third component in the hadronic total cross sections can be understood in terms of the exchange of reggeons between valence quarks and an isospin symmetric core. The reggeon-quark coupling constants are expressed as integrals over the quark distribution functions. The values for these integrals, found from the hadronic cross sections, lead to a new sum rule for deep-inelastic electron-nucleon scattering.
Plasma Opioid Peptide Responses During Heat Acclimation in Humans

Abstract Plasma β-endorphin, Met-enkephalin and Peptide F immunoreactivity (ir) were measured at rest and following exercise on three days (days 1, 4, 8) of an eight day heat acclimation regime. Fourteen male subjects demonstrated physiological heat acclimation adaptations. Our data demonstrated a differential response of peripheral plasma levels of endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) to exercise in the heat. In addition, EOP did not follow the same time-course of other physiological adaptations as no differences (day 1 vs. 4 vs. 8) in resting or exercise levels were observed over the eight day heat acclimation regime. Significant increases in β-endorphin ir (pre- to post-exercise) appear to reflect concomitant exercise-heat related changes. The increased peripheral levels of β-endorphin were correlated to plasma levels of cortisol. Heat and exercise stress may result in a reduction of Met-enkephalin ir observed in peripheral plasma and might be due to degradation or a decrease in processing from the larger precursors. The differential responses of EOP suggest the possibility of separate physiological roles for these peptides during exercise in the heat but peripheral plasma levels of EOP do not appear to reflect acute heat acclimation changes.
Foam separation of complexed cyanide: Studies of rate and of pulsed addition of surfactant

An experimental investigation is presented of the foam separation of cyanide complexed with ferrous iron, using a cationic surfactant, ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide. With a 25 min. foaming time, an initial iron to total cyanide ratio of 0·351:1 and an initial surfactant to complexed cyanide ratio of about 0·34:1 suspensions containing from 1·54 to 3·08 mM total cyanide can be reduced to about 0·11 mM in complexed cyanide and 0·29 mM in non-complexed cyanide. The rate of surfactant removal was satisfied by a first-order relationship, similar to that obtained with colloidal ferric oxide. The rate of complexed cyanide removal was satisfied by a reversible, approximately first-order relationship eliminating the residual surfactant concentration. The pulsed addition of surfactant in three dosages during the course of an experiment, compared with a single dose at the beginning of an experiment, produced lower residual concentrations of complexed cyanide and higher foam volumes. At an iron to total cyanide ratio of 0·351:1,90% of the complexed cyanide concentration could be removed by one fifth less surfactant, using pulsed addition, compared with a single dose.
On the primary emission of formic acid from light duty gasoline vehicles and ocean-going vessels

Abstract We present determinations of fuel-based emission factors for formic acid (EFHCOOH) from light duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) and in-use ocean-going vessels. Emission ratios, from which the emission factors were derived, were determined from LDGVs through measurement of HCOOH and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the exhaust of a fleet of eight LDGVs driven under the California Unified Cycle at the California Air Resources Board's Haagen-Smit Laboratory. Emission ratios from in-use ocean-going vessels were determined through direct measurement of HCOOH and CO2 in ship plumes intercepted by the R/V Atlantis during the 2010 California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) campaign within 24 nautical miles of the California coast. The eight car fleet average EFHCOOH was 0.94 ± 0.32 (1σ) and 0.57 ± 0.18 mg (kg fuel)−1 for the cold start and hot running phases of the drive cycle, respectively. This difference suggests that catalytic converter performance and the air/fuel equivalence ratio are important metrics contributing to EFHCOOH. EFHCOOH was determined to be 1.94 ± 1.06 mg (kg fuel)−1 for a single diesel vehicle driven under highway driving conditions, higher on average than any individual LDGV tested. In comparison, HCOOH primary emissions from in-use ocean-going vessels were substantially larger, averaging 20.89 ± 8.50 mg (kg fuel)−1. On a global scale, HCOOH primary emissions from fossil fuel combustion are likely to be insignificant relative to secondary production mechanisms, however primary emissions may contribute more significantly on a finer, regional scale in urban locations.
Detection of the site and extent of the left ventricular asynergy in myocardial infarction by echocardiography and B-scan imaging.

The left ventricular wall motions in 53 patients with myocardial infarction and 14 normal subjects were studied by echocardiography and B-scan imaging (ultrasono-cardiokymography, ultrasono-cardiotomography).(1) Abnormal left ventricular wall motions corresponding to the electrocardiographic sites of infarction were seen in the echocardiograms in 80% of total patients and 100% of acute cases. Exaggerated wall motion in opposing noninfarcted areas was seen in 50% of acute cases and 10% of old cases. Quantitative analysis of asynergy could be made by comparing PWE, SE and those ratios to EDD-ESD of infarcted hearts with those of normal hearts.(2) In acute myocardial infarction, abnormal motions of left ventricular wall are marked in acute phase and diminished in extent gradually in recovery phase. But in some cases, echo-demonstrated segmental dyskinesis did not disappear in recovery phase, possibly due to the presence of irreversible myocardial damage.(3) Echographic thickness of the infarcted wall was less increased than normals or was not increased during systole and decreased when bulged out in some cases, indicating the existence of necrotized muscle. Moreover, multiple echoes sometimes seen between endocardial and epicardial echoes of infarcted myocardium were considered to display the fibrosis of the infarcted myocardium.(4) Abnormal echocardiographic motions of septum and posterior wall were observed in some cases who had no electrocardiographic abnormalities which suggest septal or posterior wall involvement. Echocardiography could detect another affected area of the left ventricle which could not be detected by electrocardiography.(5) Echocardiography in combination with B-scan imaging (UCKG, UCTG) can detect not only the location, but also the size and extent of myocardial infarction.(6) The results of this study indicate that echocardiography and B-scan imaging (UCKG, UCTG) are sensitive methods in detecting the size and location of asynergy and making a precise diagnosis of myocardial infarction. But it is necessary to distinguish abnormal septal and posterior wall motions observed in right ventricular volume overload, complete LBBB or PMD(COCM) from those of myocardial infarction.
Diesel vs. gasoline emissions: Does PM from diesel or gasoline vehicles dominate in the US?

In the US, the majority of the on-road fleet and vehicle miles travelled are attributed to light-duty vehicles, which are fuelled almost entirely by gasoline. However, due to their significantly higher PM emission rates, emissions inventories have tended to attribute the majority of the mobile source PM to contributions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and strategies to reduce mobile source PM have focused on the contribution from this source. A limited number of source attribution studies have implied that PM emission inventories over-estimate the diesel contribution and emissions from gasoline vehicles may be greater than previously believed. Other receptor-modelling studies have found diesel vehicles to be the dominant source of motor vehicle PM. The former conclusion is supported by recent on-road PM emission rate results obtained in a highway tunnel and a series of crossroad experiments. This paper describes the often-conflicting results obtained from receptor modelling studies and emission inventories and uses on-road emission factor results to estimate the relative contributions from the diesel and gasoline sectors of the fleet.
Water dynamics in white bread and starch gels as affected by water and gluten content

Abstract Three levels of water (180, 220 and 260 g/345 g flour) and three levels of gluten (giving 11.2, 13.0 and 14.2 g protein/100 g flour) were used to study the effects of water and gluten on water mobility in white bread using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry. Changes in the transverse relaxation time ( T 2 ) were related to water mobility. The three water levels resulted in three different moisture contents in the finished bread (0.55–0.77 g H 2 O/g solids). Distributed exponential analysis showed two distinct regions of T 2 (30–600 μs and 1–60 ms), associated with multiple domains of water in the bread crumb. There was no significant difference in peak T 2 values with different gluten content, but significant differences were observed with different moisture content. The results suggested that the mobility of water associated with starch decreased dramatically because of gelatinization. To further investigate the effect of gluten on starch gelatinization, NMR measurements were made directly on model systems containing starch and various gluten amounts. The starch–gluten gels had higher T 2 values than pure starch gels, indicating less swelling of starch granules and absorption of water. This was attributed to less water available to starch in the presence of gluten.
Radioprotective effect of topically applied dimethyl sulfoxide on mice.

Versuche mit rontgenbestrahlten Mausen ergaben, dass bei Dimethyl Sulfoxid (DMSO) die Mortalitat bedeutend reduziert war. DMSO wurde nur ausserlich und nur kurzfristig vor der Bestrahlung auf die Mausschwanze aufgetragen.
Adjoint methods for electromagnetic shape optimization of the low-loss cavity for the International Linear Collider

We formulate the problem of designing the low-loss cavity for the International Linear Collider (ILC) as an electromagnetic shape optimization problem involving a Maxwell eigenvalue problem. The objective is to maximize the stored energy of a trapped mode in the end cell while maintaining a specified frequency corresponding to the accelerating mode. A continuous adjoint method is presented for computation of the design gradient of the objective and constraint. The gradients are used within a nonlinear optimization scheme to compute the optimal shape for a simplified model of the ILC in a small multiple of the cost of solving the Maxwell eigenvalue problem.
World Development and the Restructuring of the Industrial Economies

Abstract This paper reports on the joint SPM/CRANEC Catholic University of Milan symposium on “World Development and the Restructuring of Industrial Economies” held at Bellagio, Lake Como, Italy during the week of 10–15 September 1979. The symposium was organized to discuss the adjustments required by the industrialized economies when adapting to the changes inherent in present world development trends, as well as to help define national and international policy measures that might be used to facilitate the restructuring process. This report reviews the key issues, alternative strategies for restructuring, and policy measures for restructuring discussed at the symposium. It also offers some conclusions based on the results of the symposium.
Cell proliferation in the developing human kidney

In a previous study, utilizing antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), we determined the proliferation index (PI) (percentage of PCNA-positive cells) of intrinsic renal cell populations in the normal adult and pediatric kidney. We have found that the PI in both adult and pediatric kidneys was very low (below 0.5 in all examined cell populations). In our present study, we investigated cell proliferation in the developing human kidney with an antibody to PCNA. Histologically normal kidneys were collected from 25 fetuses (spontaneous abortions and stillborns) ranging from 10 wk of gestation to term. Immature mesenchyme (blastema), immature early tubules, ampulla of ureteric bud, proximal tubules, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP)-positive tubules, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and glomeruli were evaluated separately. The PI for each cell population was calculated. The PI of immature early tubules remains high (33–43) throughout embryonic life. The PI of blastemal cells is initially similarly high, but gradually decreases starting from the second trimester. The PI of THP-positive tubules, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and glomeruli starts out relatively high (5.9, 8.6, 6.0, and 12.4, respectively) and decreases gradually as term approaches (1.8, 1.3, 1.2, and 1.4, respectively). Interestingly, as soon as proximal tubules become differentiated (appearance of light microscopic features of proximal tubular epithelium with TP lectin positive brush border), their PI becomes very low (below 1) irrespective of the age of the kidney. This is the first quantitative study to show changes of the PI in various renal cell populations during human nephrogenesis. These changes in the PI relate to the stage of differentiation of the developing nephron segments.
Statistical Models for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Waste Disposal Sites

The occurrence of low-level hits of volatile organic priority pollutant compounds is statistically modeled as a Poisson process. Methods are developed to estimate the mean of the Poisson distribution for a random sample of volatile organic measurements as well as 99% prediction limits and 99% tolerance limits. The prediction limits provide an interval estimate that will include values obtained for the next k future measurements based on a sample of n previous measurements with 99% confidence. The tolerance limits provide an interval estimate for the n previous measurements that will contain 99% of the population of background measurements with 95% confidence. These methods are illustrated with measurements obtained from 61 field blanks, 56 trip blanks, and 162 samples obtained from 29 upgradient wells. Both prediction and tolerance limits yielded extremely similar results in all three examples.
Response of a viscoelastic half-space to time dependent moving surface loads

Abstract Through the use of nonpolar viscoelasticity theory, the problem of traveling loads with time dependent magnitude variability is considered. Employing a moving Lagrangian observer, a quadratic form is developed to ascertain potential time dependent magnitude variability induced shifts, bifurcations and wavelength interdependencies in the critical speeds associated with Rayleigh, plane and transverse wave phenomena. In terms of the moving Lagrangian formulation, a solution is developed which enables the characterization of response behavior in the various sub, trans and supercritical speed ranges associated with each of the different wave types. Based on the solution, the results of several numerical experiments are presented. These demonstrate various aspects of the foregoing phenomena.
Remarks on low-mass pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar dynamics including the S-wave I=1 KK system.

We discuss the relative importance of several possible hadron-hadron interaction mechanisms and review a coupled-channel Schr\"odinger model incorporating some of these mechanisms. Its application to pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar $S$-wave scattering is reviewed and updated to include new insights about the underlying intermeson interactions. We find that $s$-channel resonance formation and quark-exchange processes are sufficient to reproduce experimental observations, and that the new predictions are qualitatively consistent with the earlier results. New results for exotic ${K}^{+}{K}^{+}$ scattering are also presented and compared with a Born-level quark-exchange calculation.
TGF-β and microvessel homeostasis

Aberrant transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling plays a clear role in a number of pathologies, in particular, fibrotic diseases and cancer. Accumulating evidence also suggests that TGF-beta is required for vascular homeostasis, shedding light on the role of circulating TGF-beta and the expression of TGF-beta receptors in the adult vasculature, in the absence of any pathologic processes. In human pathologies such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and preeclampsia, TGF-beta signaling is abnormal. Studies from these disorders have helped elucidate the complex and multiple roles of this ubiquitously-expressed growth factor. The aim of this review is to collate some of the recent evidence that demonstrates a non-redundant role for TGF-beta signaling in maintaining vessel structure and function.
A Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Flow Pulsations on the Drag Force Over a Cylinder

Flow over a cylinder is a fundamental fluid mechanics problem that involves a simple geometry, yet increasingly complex flow patterns as the Reynolds number is increased, most notably the development of a Karman vortex with a natural vortex shedding frequency fs when the Reynolds number exceeds a value of about 40. The goal of this ongoing study is to numerically investigate the effect of an incoming free-stream velocity pulsation with a mean Reynolds number of 100 on the drag force over and vorticity dynamics behind a circular cylinder. This paper reports on initial results involving unsteady, laminar and incompressible flows over a circular cylinder. Sinusoidal free-stream pulsations with amplitudes Av varying between 25% and 75% of the mean free-stream velocity and frequencies f varying between 0.25 and 5 times the natural shedding frequency were considered. Of particular interest to us is the interaction between the pulsating frequency and natural vortex shedding frequency and the resulting effects on drag. Interestingly, at frequencies close to the natural frequency, and to twice the natural frequency, a sudden drop in the mean value of the drag coefficient is observed. This drop in the drag coefficient is also accompanied by a change in the flow and vortex shedding patterns observed behind the cylinder.© 2011 ASME
Collaborative labeling of malignant glioma

Malignant gliomas represent an aggressive class of central nervous system neoplasms which are often treated by maximal surgical resection. Herein, we seek to improve the methods available to quantify the extent of tumors as seen on magnetic resonance imaging using Internet-based, collaborative labeling. In a study of clinically acquired images, we demonstrate that teams of minimally trained human raters are able to reliably characterize the gadolinium-enhancing core and edema tumor regions (Dice ≈ 0.9). The collaborative approach is highly parallel and efficient in terms of time (the total time spent by the collective is equivalent to that of a single expert) and resources (only minimal training and no hardware is provided to the participants). Hence, collaborative labeling is a very promising new technique with potentially wide applicability to facilitate cost-effective manual labeling of medical imaging data.
Seasonal patterns of birth for subjects with bulimia nervosa, binge eating, and purging: results from the National Women's Study.

Objective: Studies of birth patterns in anorexia nervosa have shown relative increases between March and August, while studies in Bulimia Nervosa (BN) have been negative. Since there are no studies using representative, nonclinical samples, we looked for seasonal birth patterns in women with BN and in those who ever endorsed bingeing or purging. Method: A national, representative sample of 3,006 adult women completed structured telephone interviews including screenings for bulimia nervosa (BN) and questions about month, date, and year of birth. Season of birth was calculated using traditional definitions. Differences across season of birth between subjects with (n = 85) and without BN (n = 2,898), those with (n = 749) and without bingeing (n = 2,229), and those with (n = 267) and without any purging (n = 2,715) were compared using chi-square analyses. Results: There were significant differences across season of birth between subjects: (1) with and without BN (p = 0.033); (2) with and without bingeing (p = 0.034), and; (3) with and without purging (p = 0.001). Fall had the highest relative number of births for all categories, while spring had the lowest. Discussion: In a national representative study of nontreatment seeking subjects significant differences in season of birth were found for subjects with lifetime histories of BN, binge eating and purging. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
High‐resolution magnetic resonance colonography and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in a murine model of colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, is characterized by persistent or recurrent inflammation and can progress to colon cancer. Colitis is difficult to detect and monitor noninvasively. The goal of this work was to develop a preclinical imaging method for evaluating colitis. Herein, we report improved MRI methods for detecting and characterizing colitis noninvasively in mice, using high-resolution in vivo MR images and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies, which were confirmed by histologic studies in a murine model of colitis. C57Bl6/J male mice were treated with 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium in their drinking water for 5 days to induce colitis. MR images were acquired using a 9.4-T Bruker scanner from 5-25 days following dextran sulfate sodium treatment. In dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies, Gd uptake (K(trans)) and its distribution (v(e)) were measured in muscle and normal and inflamed colons after administering Gd-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). T(2)-weighted MR images distinguished normal colon from diffusely thickened colonic wall occurring in colitis (P <0.0005) and correlated with histologic features. Values of K(trans) and v(e) obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were also significantly different in inflamed colons compared to normal colon (P < 0.0005). The results demonstrate that both T(2)-weighted anatomic imaging and quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data can successfully distinguish colitis from normal colon in mice.
The Characterization of Transistor Electrical Overstress Failure Probability Density Functions

An empirical approach for characterizing transistor emitter-base failure threshold probability density functions is presented. The data analyzed come from a program of experiments designed to test component failures due to electrical overstress transients. First, an empirical distribution is obtained which describes the variation of the relative width of a large set of measured failure threshold distributions. Using this distribution, a technique is presented for obtaining threshold distribution parameters when the mean failure threshold is assumed to be known, Second, a technique is presented for combining the distribution of relative width with a derived mean uncertainty estimate. This yields a probabilistic statement of the threshold distribution parameters based on the estimated mean and the described uncertainty distributions. This approach is used to provide probabilistic statements on threshold lower bounds. An example of the use of these techniques is included.
The global joule heat production rate and the AE index

The degree of accuracy with which the AE index may be used as a measure of the joule heat production rate is evaluated for a typical substorm event on March 18, 1978, by estimating the global joule heat production rate as a function of time on the basis of data obtained from the IMS's six meridian chains. It is found that, although the AE index is statistically linearly related to the global joule heat production rate, caution is required when one assumes that details of AE index time variations during individual events are representative of those of the joule heat production rate.