cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Prolonged Excretion of Platinum in Human Breast Milk After Cisplatin Therapy

Introduction Cisplatin is used to treat cancers that affect women of childbearing age and those that may breastfeed. Prior literature regarding the duration of cisplatin excretion in human milk is sparse and suggests complete clearance days after initial administration. Method We present the case of a postpartum woman who received three doses of weekly cisplatin for cervical cancer. Platinum levels were measured in expressed milk for several months after cisplatin administration. Results Levels of the parent element platinum were detected 159 days (over 22 weeks) followingadministration. These results demonstrate persistence of detectable platinum levels for a muchlonger period than previously reported. Conclusion This case report is the first to follow platinum levels in expressed milk after multiplepostpartum cisplatin doses. Our results demonstrate a biphasic elimination with detectionspanning several months after cessation of treatment. Women should be advised to abstainfrom breastfeeding until long after completion of cisplatin therapy.
DNA Immunization Against Melanoma Antigens Enhances Tumor Immunity in Mouse Models of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT).

Abstract Allogeneic HSCT is an important therapy with curative potential for a variety of malignant diseases, including leukemias, lymphomas and some solid tumors. Despite significant progress in reducing treatment-related mortality, malignant relapse remains a major problem. We are developing DNA vaccines that encode gene products closely related to self-antigens, including xenogeneic DNA and mutated DNA, and have initiated clinical trials of DNA vaccines in patients with advanced melanoma or prostate cancer. Using the B16 mouse melanoma model, we have shown that immunization with human TRP-2 DNA (xenogeneic melanoma differentiation antigen - MDA) or Opt-Tyrp1 DNA (a mutated MDA related to TRP-2, which we have optimized for CD8 epitopes), can induce tumor protection, including against established tumors. We hypothesized that immunization of allogeneic HSCT recipients (or their donors) against specific tumor antigens could decrease the risk of relapse without enhancing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In an MHC-matched minor antigen-mismatched mouse HSCT model (LP into B6), we found that: (1) by day 28 after transplant, recipients of an allogeneic T-cell depleted (TCD)-HSCT have considerable numbers of splenic T cells, including de novo generated donor T cells, which suggests that vaccination aimed at T cells might be feasible; (2) post-HSCT DNA immunization against a single tumor antigen can provide protection from a tumor challenge that is comparable to that observed with a whole cell vaccine (B16-GM-CSF) and significantly greater than HSCT alone; (3) DNA immunization post-HSCT can induce tumor-specific CD8+ T cells of donor origin (detected by ELISPOT or intracellular cytokine flow cytometry assay); (4) the combination of donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) and post-HSCT DNA immunization further enhances tumor-free survival (Figure); (5) there is no evidence of GVHD in multiple experiments using a clinical GVHD score to monitor recipients; and (6) the effects of post-HSCT DNA immunization on both tumor-free survival and CD8+ T cell responses have been validated for two different DNA vaccine strategies (hTRP-2 + GM-CSF DNA, or Opt-Tyrp1 DNA). These results demonstrate that DNA immunization after allogeneic TCD-HSCT can induce potent anti-tumor effects without the induction of GVHD. This and similar investigations provide a strong rationale for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that combine allogeneic HSCT, post-transplant tumor vaccination and adoptive cell therapy in human clinical trials. Download : Download high-res image (142KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure
Connective Tissue Progenitor Analysis of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Harvested From the Body of the Ilium During Arthroscopic Acetabular Labral Repair.

Purpose To evaluate the number and concentration of progenitors of the bone marrow aspirate (BMA) harvest from the body of the ilium in comparison with other established aspiration sites. Methods The inclusion criteria consisted of primary hip arthroscopy for acetabular labral tear. BMA was performed by placing an aspiration needle into the body of ilium just proximal to the sourcil in 33 patients. The BMA was centrifuged and processed in the operating room, resulting in approximately 3 to 5 mL of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). Samples of both BMA and BMAC sample were analyzed. Results The cohort of 30 patients had a mean number of nucleated cells of 24.0 million nucleated cells/cc of BMA. The BMAC samples had a mean connective tissue progenitor (CTP) cell concentration of 879.3 stem cells/cc of BMAC, a mean CTP prevalence of 34.1 stem cells/million nucleated cells, and a mean number of days to form colonies of 2.97 days. All 4 metrics of CTP harvest did not vary significantly with age, body mass index, sex, or laterality. The nucleated cell count was significantly associated with both CTP prevalence, r2 = 0.287 (P = .002), and CTP concentration, r2 = 0.388 (P Conclusions BMAC harvested from the body of the ilium during concurrent hip arthroscopy is a technically and biologically feasible option. Furthermore, the harvest site was found to have a CTP concentration that is similar or exceeds other published harvest sites. Finally, BMAC processing and application to areas of articular cartilage wear was performed efficiently and safely with no increase in morbidity or complications. Clinical Relevance The body of the ilium is a reliable and rich source of CTP cells. This study may assist orthopaedic surgeons interested in performing biologic augmentation during hip surgery in determining a harvest site.
Market Timing with the Backward SADF Test

In this article, we explore the possibility of acquiring positive returns from the stock market during bubble periods. A structural break test is used to detect bubbles, and a technical statistic is applied to decide the direction of the bet. Unlike most of the previous articles on trading strategies, we present the out-of-sample return distributions of the strategy with respect to different trading rules based on three stock data sets, which helps investors understand the profitability and risk of the method. The result shows that our strategy is highly robust across different data sets, as it can acquire positive returns for more than 95% of the cases, with the highest annualized averaged return per trade at more than 36%. Additionally, the win rates are significantly above 0.5 for more than 95% of the cases. TOPICS:Quantitative methods, Statistical methods, Simulations Key Findings • The backward SADF test was designed to detect recently formed exponential patterns in time series. • The proposed strategy applies the backward SADF test and MACD statistics to exploit the statistical arbitrage from the exponential patterns. • We validate the strategy by comparing it with the buy-and-hold and daily-rebalance strategies and by running the Hendrickson–Merton based on three different data sets.
Ribosome-linked mRNA-rRNA chimeras reveal active novel virus host associations

Abstract Viruses of prokaryotes greatly outnumber their hosts1 and impact microbial processes across scales, including community assembly, evolution, and metabolism1. Metagenomic discovery of novel viruses has greatly expanded viral sequence databases, but only rarely can viral sequences be linked to specific hosts. Here, we adapt proximity ligation methods to ligate ribosomal RNA to transcripts, including viral ones, during translation. We sequenced the resulting chimeras, directly linking marine viral gene expression to specific hosts by transcript association with rRNA sequences. With a sample from the San Pedro Ocean Time-series (SPOT), we found viral-host links to Cyanobacteria, SAR11, SAR116, SAR86, OM75, and Rhodobacteracae hosts, some being the first viruses reported for these groups. We used the SPOT viral and cellular DNA database to track abundances of multiple virus-host pairs monthly over 5 years, e.g. with Roseovarius phages tracking the host. Because the vast majority of proximity ligations should occur between an organism’s ribosomes and its own transcripts, we validated our method by looking for self- vs non-self mRNA-rRNA chimeras, by read recruitment to marine single amplified genomes; verifiable non-self chimeras, suggesting off-target linkages, were very rare, indicating host-virus hits were very unlikely to occur by mistake. This approach in practice could link any transcript and its associated processes to specific microorganisms.
Foreword: Selected papers from the 2020 Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space Topical Meeting (NETS 2020)

Humanity’s curiosity of and intrigue for exploring space has been with our species since we first looked up into the night sky. This age-old curiosity has driven humankind to innovate technologies ...
Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency

This paper evaluates the long-run effects of Head Start using large-scale, restricted 2000-2018 Census-ACS data linked to the SSA’s Numident file, which contains exact date and county of birth. Using the county rollout of Head Start between 1965 and 1980 and age-eligibility cutoffs for school entry, we find that Head Start generated large increases in adult human capital and economic self-sufficiency, including a 0.65-year increase in schooling, a 2.7-percent increase in high-school completion, an 8.5-percent increase in college enrollment, and a 39-percent increase in college completion. These estimates imply sizable, long-term returns to public investments in large-scale preschool programs. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Development of metabolic function biomarkers in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus.

Metabolic assessment of a non-human primate model of metabolic syndrome and obesity requires the necessary biomarkers specific to the species. While the rhesus monkey has a number of specific assays for assessing metabolic syndrome, the marmoset does not. Furthermore, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has a small blood volume that necessitates using a single blood volume for multiple analyses. The common marmoset holds a great potential as an alternative primate model for the study of human disease but assay methods need to be developed and validated for the biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. Here we report on the adaptation, development, and validation of commercially available immunoassays for common marmoset samples in small volumes. We have performed biological validations for insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin to demonstrate the use of these biomarkers in examining metabolic syndrome and other related diseases in the common marmoset. Am. J. Primatol. 75:500-508, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification and Properties of a Glycoprotein Acid Phosphatase from Candida albicans

Abstract An acid phosphomonoesterase was purified 87-fold with a 4% recovery from disintegrated cells of Candida albicans by four stages of column chromatography. The purified enzyme was homogeneous by ultracentrifugal, electrophoretic, and immunological analyses. The fully corrected sedimentation coefficient, s20,w, was calculated to be 5.51s. Molecular weight estimated from ultracentrifugal data was 124.3 × 103, from gel chromatography was 115 × 103, and from acrylamide gel electrophoretic data was 131 × 103. Buoyant density in sucrose was 1.15 g/cm3. The enzyme was a mannoprotein with a hexose to protein ratio of 7: 1. The Michaelis constant of the enzyme was 3.3 × 10−4 M for p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, and the pH optimum was 4.5. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by inorganic phosphate (Ki = 10−4 M) and by arsenate (Ki = 0.5 × 10−4 M). A wide range of inorganic cations and anions did not affect enzyme activity, but Hg2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ were inhibitory. F− was also inhibitory at low concentrations, but the effect was reversed at higher concentrations. Phosphatase activity was completely destroyed by exposure of the enzyme to 70 C for 12 min, but was destroyed only slowly by proteolytic hydrolysis. The purified glycoprotein enzyme gave a line of identity with the “b” antigen of crude C. albicans homogenates in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis tests with sera from rabbits inoculated with intact C. albicans cells and from humans with proven candidiasis. Preliminary evidence suggests that the mannan and not the protein portion of the enzyme molecule is responsible for this antigenicity.
An Analysis of Mutual Fund Trading Costs

We directly estimate annual trading costs for a sample of equity mutual funds and find that these costs are large and exhibit substantial cross sectional variation. Trading costs average 0.78% of fund assets per year and have an inter-quartile range of 0.59%. Trading costs, like expense ratios, are negatively related to fund returns and we find no evidence that on average trading costs are recovered in higher gross fund returns. We find that our direct estimates of trading costs have more explanatory power for fund returns than turnover. Finally, trading costs are associated with investment objectives. However, variation in trading costs within investment objectives is greater than the variation across objectives.
Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in Miocene Great Basin mylagaulids: implications for systematics and evolutionary history

The Mylagaulidae are a family of burrowing rodents abundant in Miocene faunas from western North America. Recent taxonomic revisions of mylagaulids from the Great Plains suggest that their systematics may be best understood on a regional basis. Previous studies addressed the taxonomy and evolutionary history of mylagaulids from the Great Basin, but recent discoveries of specimens, new phylogenetic data, and more detailed stratigraphical information necessitate a thorough reanalysis of their relationships and occurrences. We present a revision of the systematics of the mylagaulids from the Great Basin. In addition to rare large mylagaulids of uncertain taxonomic affinity, we recognize four species of mylagaulids distributed throughout Oregon and Nevada from the late Hemingfordian through to the early late Hemphillian: Alphagaulus vetus, Hesperogaulus gazini, Hesperogaulus wilsoni, and a new species from the genus Hesperogaulus. All species are known from large sample sizes of isolated premolars, allowing consideration of ontogenetic variation in determining the key morphological differences that allow recognition of different species. Although the number of enamel lakes varies within a given taxon, the presence of some of these lakes is taxonomically significant. This result emphasizes the importance of understanding ontogeny in describing species of fossil hypsodont mammals. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 164, 427–450.
Tree analysis techniques in tsumego

The tsumego program performs extensive node analysis at the upper tree levels instead of attempting maximum node visitation. The success rate of the program is tested against a published set of problems of known difficulty.
ECC based threshold cryptography for secure data forwarding and secure key exchange in MANET (i)

This paper proposes a new approach to provide reliable data transmission in MANET with strong adversaries. We combine Elliptic Curve Cryptography and Threshold Cryptosystem to securely deliver messages in n shares. As long as the destination receives at least k shares, it can recover the original message. We explore seven ECC mechanisms, El-Gamal, Massey-Omura, Diffie-Hellman, Menezes-Vanstone, Koyama-Maurer-Okamoto-Vanstone, Ertaul, and Demytko. For secure data forwarding, we consider both splitting plaintext before encryption, and splitting ciphertext after encryption. Also we suggest to exchange keys between a pair of mobile nodes using Elliptic Curve Cryptography Diffie-Hellman. We did performance comparison of ECC and RSA to show ECC is more efficient than RSA.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons: gene expression and neuroanatomical studies.

Publisher Summary Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the key cells regulating reproductive function in all vertebrate organisms. In mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, the GnRH-1 decapeptide is released in a pulsatile manner from neuroterminals in the median eminence into the portal capillary vasculature, where it binds to receptors located on pituitary gonadotropes to regulate the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins. The chapter discusses the regulation of GnRH gene expression. The regulation of GnRH-1 neurons involves alterations in gene expression and neuroanatomical inputs. GnRH gene expression changes in response to stimuli, such as steroid hormone feedback, varies across the estrous cycle, and changes across the reproductive life cycle, particularly during pubertal maturation and reproductive aging. The most dramatic alterations in GnRH mRNA levels are seen during reproductive development in association with the pubertal process. The studies on the mechanisms for the regulation of GnRH mRNA levels suggest that a post-transcriptional process, involving an alteration in GnRH mRNA stability, possibly mediated by the GnRH poly (A) tail length, may be the primary one responsible for the control of GnRH mRNA levels.
Reduction of the usable wind‐work on the general circulation by forced symmetric instability

[1] Winds aligned with geostrophic currents input energy into the ocean circulation. For baroclinic, surface-intensified currents, winds of this orientation (i.e., down-front winds) reduce the potential vorticity in the mixed layer, making the flow susceptible to symmetric instability (SI). SI is a submesoscale shear instability that draws its energy from baroclinic, geostrophic currents. High-resolution numerical simulations are used to demonstrate how forced SI driven by down-front winds extracts energy from the geostrophic flow at a rate proportional to the Ekman buoyancy flux, the dot product of the Ekman transport and the surface buoyancy gradient. The kinetic energy (KE) going into SI is converted to 3D turbulence through a secondary shear instability and ultimately dissipated at small scales. Thus under the conditions where winds input KE to the circulation, some of the KE of baroclinic currents is dissipated by this mechanism. The net result of this submesoscale sink of KE is to reduce the usable wind-work, i.e., the wind-induced rate of KE increase, by an amount that depends on the wind-stress and the change in geostrophic velocity across the mixed layer.
The analogy between acoustic waves and water surface waves with refraction

Abstract The similarity between acoustic waves in an inhomogeneous medium and water surface waves with variable water depth is established. The two systems are analogous if they both are characterized by the same index of refraction field. Based on this analogy, acoustic refraction problems are treated by utilizing a surface wave simulation achieved with a water wave tank. Experimental results obtained from the wave tank for various situations are used to deduce the behavior of the corresponding acoustic systems. It is concluded that there are two major advantages in employing a water wave tank. The first is that the entire wavefront configuration can visually be observed; the second is that water surface waves can be investigated in the laboratory much more readily and more economically than acoustic waves.
Gender Empowerment Measure and Policy Choice

Despite gains made in social circumstances, women in the world still face political inequalities. There are a limited number of women in positions of power. As a consequence, many policy outcomes of the states (governments of countries) reflect masculine values. This study reviews women's influence in states' policies and examines the relationship between the degree of gender inequality, as measured by the Gender Empowerment Measure and public priority on spending. It is postulated that countries with smaller gender inequality will have a higher ratio of domestic spending (health and education) over military spending. Implications for narrowing the gender gap are presented.
Collaborative Research Opportunities: Capabilities for Measuring Physical and Chemical Properties of Earth Materials at Lawrence Livermore

The Experimental Geophysics Group of the Earth Sciences Department at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, Calif., has experimental equipment that measures a variety of physical properties and phase equilibria and kinetics on rocks and minerals at extremes of pressure (to 500 GPa) and temperature (from 10 to 2800 K). These experimental capabilities are tabulated in this report, and some of the experimental equipment is described in detail. Experimental geophysics began at the LLNL in the early 1960s as an outgrowth of the Plowshare program, whose purpose was to develop peaceful applications for nuclear explosives. Research activity in rock mechanics expanded rapidly shortly thereafter when underground nuclear testing began. We needed to know the mechanical properties of specific Nevada Test Site rocks at high pressure in order to contain our own texts, and of rocks in general in order to interpret the seismic information emanating from nuclear tests by other countries. Several large testing frames, pressure vessels, and pumping capabilities were acquired at this time. The equipment base left behind by the nuclear test containment and seismic-monitoring programs allowed us to broaden our research horizons, in turn allowing us to further expand our research capabilities. We now pursue a very diverse program of study of the physical and chemical behavior of rocks and minerals under extremes of pressure and temperature for a wide variety of Earth-science applications.
Observations on the Combustion of Polymers (Plastics): From Single Particles to Groups of Particles

Abstract This investigation aimed at examining the combustion behavior of polymer particles in groups and at comparing it to that of single particles. Combustion observations were subsequently related to measurements on emissions of organic pollutants, such as PAHs and soot, which were previously measured in this laboratory under similar conditions. The following plastics (polymers), commonly found in municipal waste streams, were burned in powder form: poly(styrene) (PS), poly(ethylene) (PE), polyvinyl chloride) PVC, and poly(methyl methacry-late) (PMMA). Particles, 125-212um, were introduced to a drop-tube furnace, at steady-flow conditions, and burned in cylindrical streams (clouds), in 1250 K air. The particle mass loading in the furnace was varied to achieve either dilute clouds, where isolated (single) particle combustion occurred, or dense clouds where interactive particle combustion look place. Information on the combustion characteristics and flame temperatures of the particles was obtained by ci...
Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Mesh Helical Gear Sets by Finite Elements

A dynamic model of a multi-shaft helical gear reduction unit is proposed in this study. The model consists of a finite element model of shaft structures combined with a three-dimensional discrete model of helical gear pairs. Both counter-shaft reduction and idler configurations are included in the model. Bearing and housing flexibilities are included in the model as well. Free and forced vibrations were studied to quantify the influence of a number of system parameters including, shaft position angles, shaft dimensions, bearing types and locations, and gear mesh phasing relationships. A limited parametric study is performed to demonstrate the sensitivity of the model to certain system parameters.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A bound on scalar variance for the advection-diffusion equation

We study the statistics of a passive scalar $T({\bm{x},t)$ governed by the advection–diffusion equation with variations in the scalar produced by a steady source. Two important statistical properties of the scalar are the variance, $\sigma^2\equiv \langle T^2 \rangle$ , and the entropy production, $\chi \equiv \kappa \langle|\bm{\nabla} T|^2\rangle$ . Here $\langle\rangle$ denotes a space–time average and $\kappa$ is the molecular diffusivity of $T$ . Using variational methods we show that the system must lie above a parabola in the $(\chi, \sigma^2)$ -plane. The location of the bounding parabola depends on the structure of the velocity and the source. To test the bound, we consider a large-scale source and three two-dimensional model velocities: a uniform steady flow; a statistically homogeneous and isotropic flow characterized by an effective diffusivity; a time-periodic model of oscillating convection cells with chaotic Lagrangian trajectories. Analytic solution of the first example shows that the bound is sharp and realizable. Numerical simulation of the other examples shows that the statistics of $T({\bm{x},t)$ lie close to the parabolic frontier in the $(\chi, \sigma^2)$ -plane. Moreover in the homogenization limit, in which the largest scale in the velocity field is much less than the scale of the source, the results of the simulation limit to the bounding parabola.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Modulates Synthesis of Collagen in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells

Vascular endothelial cells derived from adult bovine aortic arch can be grown in two ways, either in the presence or absence of fibroblast growth factor. The types of collagen produced by cultures under these two con- ditions have been compared. In the presence of fibroblast growth factor, cells grow in an orderly fashion, express their normal phenotype and synthesize primarily type III collagen plus collagens types IV and V at a ratio of 10: 1: 3. Cultures grown in the absence of the factor lose their orderly pattern of growth, lose polarity and normal phenotypic expression. They devote twice the proportion of total protein-synthesizing capacity to collagen, and now synthesize type I in addition to the other collagen types. The ratio of collagen types I: III: IV: V is approxi- mately 30:70:1:13. The kinds of type V collagen chains expressed are also altered. Fibroblast growth factor appears to modulate collagen synthesis, the major component of the extracellular matrix, and indirectly modulates the phenotypic expression of cultured vascular endothelial cells. In atherosclerosis, type I collagen is found in association with the intimal layer. The disorderly growth and the abnormal production of type I collagen by these vascular endothelial cells cultured in the absence of fibroblast growth factor is a model for a number of pathological situations including atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Fractal properties of background noise and target signal enhancement using CSEM data

Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) spatial profiles and 2-D conductivity maps were obtained on the Brazos Valley, TX floodplain to study the fractal statistics of geological signals and effects of man-made conductive targets using Geonics EM34, EM31 and EM63. Using target-free areas, a consistent power-law power spectrum (| A(k) | ~ k ^ - β) for the profiles was found with β values typical of fractional Brownian motion (fBm). This means that the spatial variation of conductivity does not correspond to Gaussian statistics, where there are spatial correlations at different scales. The presence of targets tends to flatten the power-law power spectrum (PS) at small wavenumbers. Detection and localization of targets can be achieved using short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The presence of targets is enhanced because the signal energy is spread to higher wavenumbers (small scale numbers) in the positions occupied by the targets. In the case of poor spatial sampling or small amount of data, the information available from the power spectrum is not enough to separate spatial correlations from target signatures. Advantages are gained by using the spatial correlations of the fBm in order to reject the background response, and to enhance the signals from highly conductive targets. This approach was tested for the EM31 using a pre-processing step that combines apparent conductivity readings from two perpendicular transmitter-receiver orientations at each station. The response obtained using time-domain CSEM is influence to a lesser degree by geological noise and the target response can be processed to recover target features. The homotopy method is proposed to solve the inverse problem using a set of possible target models and a dynamic library of responses used to optimize the starting model.
Instrumentos de valoración del estado de la salud en Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica

Introduccion Los instrumentos de valoracion del estado de la salud son herramientas desarrolladas para determinar la percepcion que cada persona tiene de su bienestar o malestar. El desarrollo de cada uno de estos instrumentos exige completar un proceso complejo para su creacion, evaluacion e interpretacion. Tipos de instrumentos Existen instrumentos genericos (disenados para evaluar el estado de salud en cualquier poblacion de pacientes independientemente de sus caracteristicas o enfermedad) y especificos (para un tipo concreto de enfermedad, poblacion, funcion o problema). Estos dos tipos de instrumentos proporcionan informacion complementaria, y cuando se decide evaluar el estado de salud de los pacientes lo ideal es utilizar un instrumento generico y otro especifico. Conclusiones El instrumento generico de mas utilidad en Cirugia Ortopedica es el denominado Short-Form 36 (SF- 36), validado en castellano. Existen multitud de instrumentos especificos como el indice WOMAC, el MFA y los instrumentos MODEMS; algunos de ellos estan validados ya en castellano. En la actualidad, en nuestro pais estos instrumentos se emplean sobre todo en proyectos de investigacion, pero es posible que en un futuro se incorporen a la practica clinica.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES DURING BEAN LEAF ABSCISSION

A B S T R A C T Anatomical changes in the laminar abscission zone of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Red Kidney' have been examined in conjunction with the regulation of abscission by growth substances. Quantitative measurements were made of the frequency of vascular obstructions (tyloses, callose plugs). The development of abscission was correlated with an increasing frequency of tyloses and other plugging materials in the xylem of the abscission zone coupled with the dissolution of callose from the abscission zone sieve tubes. These changes were accelerated in petiole explants in which abscission was stimulated by either ethylene or auxin and were suppressed in explants in which abscission was inhibited by auxin. ANATOMICAL STUDIES of leaf abscission have included relatively few attempts to correlate anatomical changes with chemical treatments which regulate abscission. Myers (1940) reported observations on Coleus abscission as influenced by indoleacetic acid. He found that IAA retarded the formation and development of the abscission layer. Brown and Addicott (1950) studied trifoliolate bean leaf abscission with regard to various chemical applications. They found correlations between tylosis formation, starch dissolution, and cellular disintegration with the development of abscission and correlated their finidings with water relations in explant material. The most recent anatomical study of abscission is that of Bornman (1965) using cotton as experimental material. He observed that tyloses formed in cotton explants, but their occurrence did not relate to the development of abscission. A previous report from this laboratory (Scott, Webster, and Leopold, 1964) had suggested a role for tylosis formation in the development of abscission in bean petioles. The experiments described in this paper were designed to relate quantitatively the senescence of the distal explant tissue to anatomical changes occurring in explant conductive tissue following various growth substance treatments which alter abscission rates. Recent work (Scott and Leopold, 1966) has implicated mobilization activities of proximal explant tissue as influencing the development of a localized cellular senescence in abscission. Thus it was deemed worthwhile to examine anatomical changes in explant abscission
Algebraic theory of differential inequalities

We obtain differential-algebraic analogues of some basic theorems of real algebra and semialgebraic geometry. Proofs are based on: a differential version of the real spectrum of a differential ring containing Q; an Artin-Schreier theory for such rings; the model theory of ordered differential fields. Results include: an algebraic characterization of the differential inequalities which are consequences of a given finite set of algebraic differential equations and inequalities; a differential counterpart of the Hormander-Lojasiewicz inequality.
Total hip replacement: Unique challenges in the obese and geriatric populations

Purpose of review Total hip replacement is one of the safest and most clinically efficacious operations in orthopedic surgery. It has been extended to more and more patient populations over the past four decades. The purpose of this review is to present the contemporary data of total hip replacement in two unique patient populations: obese patients and geriatric patients older than 75 years of age. Recent findings There are unique clinical challenges in these patients. In addition, the clinical outcome and complications are different from more routine total hip replacement populations. Summary The recent research has shown that total hip replacement in the obese and elderly populations can be successful, and should not be denied solely based on these two criteria. There is a need for more research to investigate postoperative instability in the obese patient population, and perioperative mental confusion and cognitive function deterioration in the elderly patient population.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging for the evaluation of probable Alzheimer disease: A cost-effectiveness analysis

Alzheimer disease (AD) is an organic dementia which accounts for approximately 70% of dementia cases in industrialized countries. Currently, Alzheimer disease affects over 4 million Americans at an annual cost of $80 billion. The prevalence of this debilitating illness increases with age from 10% at age 65 to 47% by age 85 (1,2). The initial diagnosis of AD is often made clinically at a stage when the patient's function has been extensively compromised; therefore, imaging in AD patients is usually performed as a confirmatory test. Morphologic abnormalities (such as cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement) are assessed by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) (3-5), while cerebral-perfusion abnormalities are usually assessed using nuclear medicine techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (5-11). Recent studies have suggested the possibility of using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC MRI) to assess brain perfusion in patients with Alzheimer disease (1214). DSC MRI involves the use of high-speed MRI and a bolus injection of contrast material to generate maps of cerebral blood volume (15-17). Analysis of the resulting images provided a reliable measurement of regional cerebral
Recent Progress in Redox Flow Battery Research and Development

With the increasing need to seamlessly integrate renewable energy with the current electricity grid, which itself is evolving into a more intelligent, efficient, and capable electrical power system, it is envisioned that energy-storage systems will play a more prominent role in bridging the gap between current technology and a clean sustainable future in grid reliability and utilization. Redox flow battery technology is a leading approach in providing a well-balanced solution for current challenges. Here, recent progress in the research and development of redox flow battery technology, including cell-level components of electrolytes, electrodes, and membranes, is reviewed. The focus is on new redox chemistries for both aqueous and non-aqueous systems.
Tolerance for Ambiguity and IT Competency among Accountants

The accounting profession must attract and retain individuals with the interest, attitudes, and competencies demanded by the marketplace. This paper examines the influence of tolerance for ambiguity, computer anxiety, and gender on interest in acquiring IT competency among 123 accounting and AIS majors. In comparison to individuals majoring in accounting, the AIS majors were more tolerant of ambiguity (p = .025) and had slightly more positive attitudes toward computers. However, neither computer anxiety (p = .112) nor gender (p = .915) explained major selection. The results suggest the accountants with strong interests in IT are more comfortable with ill‐defined, ambiguous problem‐solving situations. The study implies that tolerance for ambiguity, a characteristic increasingly valued by the profession, should be considered in the classroom and in hiring decisions.
Evaluation of a clinical skills orientation program for residents

Abstract Objective Our purpose was to implement and evaluate an orientation program for residents, focusing on outpatient clinical skills. Study design Eleven of 12 residents participated in a clinical skills orientation program immediately preceding the academic year. The skill stations included evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding, intrauterine device insertion, basic infertility evaluation, endometrial and vulvar biopsies, pelvic organ prolapse quantification examination, hysterosalpingography and office hysteroscopy, ultrasound scanning, labor and delivery triage, and clinic administrative responsibilities. Before test, after test, and anonymous resident evaluations were used to evaluate the program. Results First-year residents demonstrated a statistically significant increase in posttest scores compared to pretest scores (42.5% vs 71.3%, P =.003). Only first-year resident posttest scores for the labor and delivery triage and basic infertility evaluation stations demonstrated statistically significant increases over pretest scores (14.3% vs 46.4%, P =.009; and 41.7% vs 83.3%, P =.049, respectively). Sixty-four percent of the residents rated the program as "very helpful." Most residents felt that the program was well organized and that the facilities were conducive to learning; all of the participants recommended an annual clinical orientation program. Conclusion A clinical skills orientation program was well received and strongly desired by residents. First-year residents appeared to benefit the most from this orientation.
Desert, retribution, and corporate criminality

The role of commensurate deserts in the punishment of corporations and their agents has received little attention to date. Those who have written on desert and corporate crime dismiss it on the grounds that retributive rationales, which incorporate notions of desert, are not applicable to corporate offenses and because desert, with its focus on the moral opprobrium attached to criminal conduct, is not fitting for offenses which are regulatory and thus “morally neutral.” This essay argues that although retribution is a viable justification for corporate punishments, it need not be the only or even the primary justification for punishment for desert to be applicable in the distribution of corporate sanctions. It also questions the position of moral neutrality, citing empirical evidence of the public's perceptions of the seriousness of corporate criminal activity.
Adaptive robust control of SISO nonlinear systems in a semi-strict feedback form

This paper considers the adaptive robust control of a class SISO nonlinear systems in a semi-strict feedback form. The systems may possess both parametric uncertainties and unknown nonlinear functions that may represent modeling errors and external disturbances. With prior knowledge of the bounds of the parametric uncertainties and the bounding functions of the unknown nonlinear functions, a systematic way to combine the backstepping adaptive control with deterministic robust control is developed. The method preserves the advantages of the two methods, namely asymptotic stability of adaptive control in the presence of parametric uncertainties, and guaranteed transient performance with prescribed precision of deterministic robust control for both parametric uncertainties and unknown nonlinear functions. The resulting controller is more flexible and versatile than either adaptive control or robust control alone. Simulation results verify the advantages of the suggested method.
Properties of an algebraic spin liquid on the kagome lattice

In recent work, we argued that a particular algebraic spin liquid (ASL) may be the ground state of the $S=1/2$ kagome lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Furthermore, this state, which lacks a spin gap, is appealing in light of recent experiments on herbertsmithite $[{\text{ZnCu}}_{3}{(\text{OH})}_{6}{\text{Cl}}_{2}]$. Here, we study the properties of this ASL in more detail using both the low-energy effective field theory and Gutzwiller-projected wave functions of fermionic spinons. We identify the competing orders of the ASL, which are observables having slowly decaying power-law correlations---among them we find a set of magnetic orders lying at the $M$ points of the Brillouin zone, the familiar $\mathbit{q}=0$ magnetic ordered state, the ``Hastings'' valence-bond solid (VBS) state, and a pattern of vector spin-chirality ordering corresponding to one of the Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya (DM) interaction terms present in herbertsmithite. Identification of some of these orders requires an understanding of the quantum numbers of magnetic monopole operators in the ASL. We discuss the detection of the magnetic and VBS competing orders in experiments. While we primarily focus on a clean system without DM interaction, we consider the effects of small DM interaction and argue that, surprisingly, it leads to spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry (for DM interaction that preserves $XY$ spin rotation symmetry, there is also $XY$ magnetic order). Our analysis of the projected wave function provides an estimate of the ``Fermi velocity'' ${v}_{F}$ that characterizes all low-energy excitations of the ASL---this allows us to estimate the specific heat, which compares favorably with experiments. We also study the spin and bond correlations of the projected wave function and compare these results with those of the effective field theory. While the spin correlations in the effective field theory and wave function seem to match rather well (although not completely), the bond correlations are more puzzling. We conclude with a discussion of experiments in herbertsmithite and make several predictions.
Multistation multiparameter flow cytometry: A critical review and rationale

The capacity for fluorescence excitation by beams of different wavelengths at separate points along the sample stream, and the capacity for computer analysis of multiparameter data thus obtained, are now available in flow cytometer/sorter systems from commercial producers. It is now readily apparent to most experienced users of flow cytometers that such multiparameter analysis offers the most convenient solution to the problem of characterizing subpopulations of cells within a mixed population. The use of multiple beams facilitates resolution of fluorescence signals from several probes within or upon a single cell and widens the range of analytical alternatives available to experimenters. This critical review discusses the history of the instrumentation, the parameters now measurable and the probes used for their measurement, and the methods for data analysis. Required sensitivity and precision are discussed, leading to the conclusion that many of the advantages of multistation, multiparameter flow cytometry can be made available in less complex and less costly instruments using less powerful sources and less elaborate computer hardware than are presently incorporated in commercial apparatus.
European training programme in paediatric haematology and oncology.

The European Board of Paediatrics has recommended for all paediatricians a three-year Common Trunk training in basic paediatrics, followed for tertiary care specialists, by three years of training in the relevant specialty. Paediatric Haematology and Oncology is a complex specialty with a broad range of activities, ranging from the care of children with leukaemia and solid tumours including those of the central nervous system, to all types of non-malignant haematologic disorders and laboratory haematology pursuits. A modular training programme has been recommended to provide a broad standard of training across the whole specialty which should last at least 18 months, and a further period of 18 months that may be used flexibly to prepare trainees for their anticipated future careers.
The characterization of nylon 6 filaments by x‐ray diffraction

A method is described for calculating crystallinity indices and crystalline orientation functions for the α and γ components of the crystalline phase of nylon 6 filaments using wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXS) analysis. The method is shown to be applicable to a wide range of filament samples (“conventional” as-spun, fast spun, drawn, and annealed) even when only a single broad diffraction maximum is observable from the WAXS photograph. The component indices can be used to illustrate differences present in the filament microstructure which would be unobservable if a total crystallinity index, such as that determined by density, were determined alone. For example, the initially mixed α–γ structure is retained in low-temperature drawing (75–150°C) of nylon 6 fiber, but the predominantly α form is produced at higher draw temperatures.
Light travel times around a closed Universe

The travel times for light rays to circumnavigate a closed, spherical Universe, as measured in a frame attached to a moving clock, are determined for Einstein’s static Universe and two cases of the pulsating model. It is shown that the ratio of the difference of the travel times in the forward and rearward directions to the sum of the travel times yields the clock’s velocity relative to space. The implication of these results for Einstein's various views on the ether and motion are discussed, as well as their bearing on the synchronization problem. Lorentzinvariant relations are shown to hold between the respective sum and difference travel times for two clocks traveling on the same path with different velocities. The mathematical similarity of the expressions for the sum and difference travel times to expressions for relativistic energy and momentum is pointed out, and the possible bearing on Mach’s principle is briefly considered. There are two appendices: in the first, synchronization of separated clocks with (hypothetical) faster-than-light signals is critically discussed (including some of the author’s earlier work). In the second, synchronization based on using slowly-moved clocks is analyzed anew.