cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AC induction motor efficiency

The author discusses those factors which determine the efficiency and rating of polyphase AC induction motors. The loss mechanisms are described and are related to the performance and design characteristics of the motor, such as the operating flux density, the winding turns distribution, the current density in the windings, the motor speed torque characteristic, and the motor efficiency itself. The author emphasizes the fact that induction motor design is an integrated process and that it is not in general possible to adjust one motor design parameter (such as the winding turns distribution) without changing a number of performance parameters (torque, efficiency, rating, etc.). In addition, the factors that together determine the rating of induction motors are discussed. The author also discusses the common pitfalls which occur when attempting to interpret induction motor performance measurements. The need to measure both the electrical input power and the mechanical output power of a motor to determine its efficiency is emphasized. Finally, the author presents a brief discussion of tests performed upon a set of AC induction motors which were rewound using the Unity-Plus winding technology. This technology has received considerable attention in the past few years because of claims that it can result in improved motor efficiency. The test results do not verify these claims. >
Antagomir-mediated silencing of endothelial cell specific microRNA-126 impairs ischemia-induced angiogenesis.

MicroRNAs are negative regulators of gene expression that play a key role in cell-type specific differentiation and modulation of cell function and have been proposed to be involved in neovascularization. Previously, using an extensive cloning and sequencing approach, we identified miR-126 to be specifically and highly expressed in human endothelial cells (EC). Here, we demonstrate EC-specific expression of miR-126 in capillaries and the larger vessels in vivo. We therefore explored the potential role of miR-126 in arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Using miR-reporter constructs, we show that miR-126 is functionally active in EC in vitro and that it could be specifically repressed using antagomirs specifically targeting miR-126. To study the consequences of miR-126 silencing on vascular regeneration, mice were injected with a single dose of antagomir-126 or a control 'scramblemir' and exposed to ischemia of the left hindlimb by ligation of the femoral artery. Although miR-126 was effectively silenced in mice treated with a single, high dose (HD) of antagomir-126, laser Doppler perfusion imaging did not show effects on blood flow recovery. In contrast, quantification of the capillary density in the gastrocnemius muscle revealed that mice treated with a HD of antagomir-126 had a markedly reduced angiogenic response. Aortic explant cultures of the mice confirmed the role of miR-126 in angiogenesis. Our data demonstrate a facilitary function for miR-126 in ischemia-induced angiogenesis and show the efficacy and specificity of antagomir-induced silencing of EC-specific microRNAs in vivo. © 2009 Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine/Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Circular dichroism and gel filtration behavior of subtilisin enzymes in concentrated solutions of guanidine hydrochloride.

The circular dichroism of diisopropylphosphor- ylsubtilisins Novo and Carlsberg in both the near- and far- ultraviolet spectral regions is unaltered by concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride as high as 4 M at neutral pH. At concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride greater than 4 M slow irreversible time-dependent changes, apparently obey- ing second-order kinetics, are evident in both the near- and far-ultraviolet circular dichroism of these enzymes. Gel fil- tration studies of inactivated subtilisin enzymes reveal the circular dichroism changes to be accompanied by the ap- The diisopropyl fluorophosphate sensitive alkaline pro- teases elaborated by Bacillus subtilis and related species are noted for their unusual conformational stability in the presence of biopolymer denaturants. Previous work with the subtilisin enzymes has established that they retain consider- able enzymatic activity in concentrated solutions of urea, pearance of aggregated protein material. The changes in circular dichroism and the production of associated subtil- isin species are sensitive to protein concentration, denatu- rant concentrations, and pH. The circular dichroism of ac- tive subtilisins Novo and Carlsberg in guanidine hydrochlo- ride exhibits irreversible changes similar to those observed for the inactivated subtilisins. Aggregated protein material is also formed initially in the presence of guanidine hydro- chloride, but is rapidly autolyzed to low molecular weight fragments.
SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE GARMENT-WORKERS OF THE CLOAK AND SUIT TRADES, BASED UPON 2,107 PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS MADE IN NEW YORK, N. Y.

IN CONSIDERING the effect of occupations upon the health, it is necessary to study the average physical status of workers in the occupations under consideration. The Public Health Service is now engaged in making studies of this character, an investigation having already been completed by the Service during the past summer under the writer's direction, as to the physical condition of workers engaged in one of the typical industries, that of garment-making. This investigation was undertaken at the solicitation of the Joint Board of Sanitary Control of the cloak and suit, dress and shirt-waist trades of New York. The object of the investigation was to examine into the condition of the health of male and female workers in this occupation, as well as into lighting and ventilating conditions in shops of the trade, with a view to making any necessary recommendations for the sanitary improvement of the industry. During the course of the investigation, over 2,000 male and 1,000 female garment-workers were physically examined. It has not been practicable, for lack of time, to tabulate as yet the results of the physical examinations of female garment-workers. These results, however, in regard to the males, have been tabulated. I have been requested by the Secretary of the Section on Vital Statistics to present a paper on some of the results of the
A Parallel Computation of the Steiner Tree Algorithm on Server-Client Paradigm

This paper presents the computational analysis of the Steiner tree problem on the server-client model of computation. In particular, this work analyzes the time delays among server and clients for the parallel Steiner tree algorithm and examines some consequences of time delays on the execution time by considering constant and variable delays. The paper also calculates the expression for the optimal number of client processors required by the parallel algorithm for optimal efficiency. The compact mathematical expressions can be used confidently to implement parallel Steiner tree on the server-client model of computation.
Parallel algorithms for the classes of +or-2/sup b/ DESCEND and ASCEND computations on a SIMD hypercube

Derives a simple lower bound for performing a 2/sup b/ permutation on an N-PE SIMD hypercube, proving that log N-b routing steps are needed even if one allows an arbitrary mapping of elements to processors. An algorithm for performing a 2/sup b/ permutation using exactly log N-b full-duplex routing steps that is slightly more efficient than previously known O(log N-b) algorithms, which perform the permutation as an Omega or Omega /sup -1/ mapping, is presented. The author has also identified a general class of parallel computations called +or-2/sup b/ descend, which includes Batcher's odd-even merge and many other algorithms. An efficient algorithm for performing any computation in this class in O(log N) steps on an N-PE SIMD hypercube is given. A related class of parallel computations called +or-2/sup b/ ascend is also defined. This class appears to be more difficult than +or-2/sup b/ descend. A simple O(log/sup 2/ N/log log) N algorithm for this class on a SIMD hypercube, requiring Theta (log log N) space per processor is developed. >
Beyond Therapy: Bringing Social Work Back to Human Services Reform

Based on field interviews in a Chicago community development corporation and settlement houses in New York City and St. Louis, as well as interviews with leading social services innovators and social work educators, this article explores the intersection of current social work practice and human services innovation. The article offers a rationale and a blueprint for a reorientation of social work's "helping relationship," reviews a number of promising innovations and strategies that may help the profession make this reorientation operational, and explores forces restraining as well as driving such change.
Thermal convection in a vertical porous slot with spatially periodic boundary temperatures: low Ra flow

Abstract This note considers steady two-dimensional thermal convection in a porous layer between two infinite-vertical walls kept at spatially periodic temperatures. The spatial non-uniformities of the temperature distributions are assumed to be small, and an analytical solution is found. The effects of the wave number and the phase difference of the wall temperatures on the flow are investigated. Maximum heat transfer occurs at the wave number of 1.606 and a phase difference of π /2.
Bias in Mental Testing

Jensen, in his Bias in Mental Testing (1980) and other publications, has carefully documented a corpus of research on general intelligence (g) spanning some 75 years. His work, however, is perhaps best known for its exploration of minority-majority group differences in mental abilities (Jensen, 1969a,b,c), which, through the applications of genetic theory and heritability indices to a plethora of test data, he has interpreted to be for the most part genetically determined (Jensen, 1970). This basic finding, furthermore, cannot, according to Jensen (1980), be rationalized away by any extant studies of cultural or racial bias in professionally acceptable (i.e., well constructed) achievement, academic aptitude, or intelligence tests.
Flux Lattice Melting in the Lowest Landau Level Approximation: Results in Three Dimensions

This paper reviews our recent work on the melting of three-dimensional flux lattices in layered high-Tc superconductors within the lowest Landau level (LLL) approximation. In our approach, the superconducting order parameter is expanded in basis functions which consist of products of LLL states in the ab plane and Bloch functions in the c direction. The thermodynamic properties are then obtained via Monte Carlo simulations. This approach generally yields a single melting transition, at which long range order within the ab plane and in the c direction disappear simultaneously. It yields results in good agreement with experiment for the melting curve and magnetization of several high-Tc superconductors
Aerodynamics of speed skiers

Aerodynamic loads contribute more than 80% of the total drag on speed skiers when passing through timing gates at the end of the straight downhill course. Measurements of aerodynamic drag on a variety of competitive speed skiers obtained in a subsonic windtunnel, are presented here to quantify the influence of position, helmet, leg fairings, poles and ski-suit features when skiers are in competitive speed skiing tuck positions. Results show that drag is reduced significantly by reductions in either the frontal area or the size of recirculation regions around the body, particularly those in the downstream wake of the legs and buttocks. Equipment designed to improve stability is also shown to facilitate a decrease in the integral of drag over a competitive run because the optimal tuck can be more easily identified and maintained.
Constant addition utilizing flagged prefix structures

The role of addition and subtraction in digital systems is sometimes complicated due to the arrival of certain operands occurring at different times. For example, floating-point arithmetic typically requires the exponent logic to wait until an output is received from post-normalization. Previously, logic designers have resorted to the use of conditional sum and carry-select adders to make their design efficient. Recently, a new technique has been proposed that utilizes the concept of flagged prefix addition. Flagged prefix addition utilizes the parallel-prefix adder and slightly modifies it to yield a new adder that is capable of adding A+B or A+B+1. Moreover, alterations to the logic can easily be made to allow difference operations to occur as well. The paper presents an extension to flagged prefix addition to allow an arbitrary number to be added to the logic. Results are shown for several designs in AMI C5N 0.5 /spl mu/m technology.
Land Use and Climate Change Interactions

Land use and land-use change can result in the emissions of greenhouse gases that cause climate change. Climate change also affects the productivity of land, which in turn leads to further land-use change. This paper explores the growing research on both topics. The land-use emission literature has focused on deforestation (harvests) and ignored the fact that harvests have led to a much younger and therefore growing global forest. Taking this into account, mankind’s current and future influence over land use will have a small positive effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Although the literature initially focused on climate impacts alone, when adaptation is taken into account we find that climate change is likely to have benign net global impacts on market sectors related to land use. Climate impacts on nonmarket sectors, however, are much more poorly understood or measured. Furthermore, it is not yet clear whether governments will adapt or maladapt to climate change.
Kinetics of nonisothermal calcination of ZnCO3 in air

Thermal curves obtained simultaneously at constant heating rates were used to study calcination of ZnCO3 in air. Carroll and Manche's technique, Reich's equation, and Kissinger's method gave an average value for the activation energy of 23 kcal/mol. On the other hand, Coats and Redfern's technique showed the activation energy and preexponential factor to vary over wide ranges. They increase to a maximum and decrease again on increasing the temperature. Their values decrease as the heating rate was increased. One-dimensional diffusion mechanism, obeying parabolic law, may control the entire calcination process.
Simulations of a phase corrector plate for the National Ignition Facility

Simulations are presented on the effect of placing a static phase corrector plate in each beamline of the NIF to assist the adaptive optic in correcting beam phase aberrations. Results indicate that such a plate could significantly improve the focal spot, reducing a 3 (omega) , 80 percent spot half-angle from 21 to 8 (mu) rad for poorer-quality optics, and 17 to 7 for better optics. Such a plate appears to be within the range of current fabrication technologies. It would have an alignment requirement of +/- 0.5 mm,l if placed in the front end. The NIF operation, the occasional replacement of laser slabs would slowly degrade the beam quality for a fixed corrector plate, with the spot size increasing from 8 to 15 (mu) rad after four new slabs for poorer optics, and 7 to 12 (mu) rad for better optics. The energy fraction clipped on the injection pinhole would be < 0.5 percent due to this pre-correction.
A critical analysis of factors related to decisional processes involved in the challenger disaster

Although the Rogers Commission identified flawed decision‐making as a contributing cause to the accident of the Challenger, the characterization is too general to explain the particular way in which the decision formed. Five factors that, in combination, appear to account for the mind‐set in which the decision to launch was made are examined. These influences include (1) perceived pressure, (2) rigid conformity to perceived role requirements, (3) questionable reasoning, (4) ambiguous use of language, and (5) failure to ask important relevant questions.
Antibiotic-Resistance in Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae was first identified as an infectious agent in the late nineteenth century. Subsequently, pneumococci have been established as the cause of a wide spectrum of diseases including pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, bacteremia and meningitis, as well as more unusual clinical complications such as pericarditis, endocarditis, arthritis and peritonitis.1,2 S. pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and meningitis in pediatric populations.3,4,5
Evaluating Nighttime Observational Measures of Neighborhood Disorder: Validity of the Nighttime NIfETy Assessment

While there are a growing number of observational instruments to assess the built and social dimensions of the neighborhood environment, there are few reliable and validated instruments; there are no instruments that assess the neighborhood environment during nighttime hours, a potential peak period of health and safety risk. The purpose of this investigation is to establish the metric properties of Neighborhood Inventory for Environmental Typology (NIfETy) Instrument nighttime ratings. Reliability of the scale was measured by internal consistency reliability and test re-test correlation. Validity was evaluated through correlation with the daytime NIfETy rating and regression models with local violent crime data. The nighttime items had good internal consistency (α = .81-82) for the total scale and acceptable internal consistency for a seven-item nighttime disorder scale (α = .66-.71). Future investigations will examine the nighttime NIfETy and its association with specific risk behaviors to evaluate changes in neighborhood environment.
fB and fBs using NRQCD

This talk summarizes the quenched calculation of fB and fBs presented in [1]. The heavy quark is simulated using an O(1/M2) improved NRQCD action, and the tadpole improved clover action is used for the light quarks. The axial current includes the O(1/M) corrections in one-loop perturbation theory and the O(1/M2) ones at tree-level. We discuss the various systematic effects and consistency checks made in the calculation.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and their impact on quality of life in multiple system atrophy

AbstractBackground: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe dysautonomia and atypical Parkinsonism or cerebellar dysfunction. Disease-modifying treatment is not available and the mainstream of care is supportive. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequent in MSA and their successful management can improve patients’ quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to define a comprehensive neuropsychiatric profile in MSA patients in relation to QOL. Methods: In 48 MSA patients and 40 controls neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed using Neuropsychiatric Inventory. MSA patients completed Beck Depression Inventory and QOL questionnaire (SF12), including Mental and Physical subscales. Results: Eighty-seven percent of MSA patients had neuropsychiatric symptoms as compared with 10.4% of controls. Depression (56%), apathy (48%), anxiety (27%), and agitation (27%) predominated. The Physical SF-12 scores were lower in the patients as compared with the controls. Neuropsych...
Primary Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Health Maintenance and Screening

Within a rapidly changing political and economic environment lies the fundamental need to provide continuity of patient care to decrease morbidity and mortality. Not all women need the same care and an attempt should be made by the clinician to focus on issues specific to high-risk categories and age-related variables (Tables 1.1-1.5). Additionally, scientific and economic documentation of the effectiveness of medical care has become an important issue in both clinical settings and policy-making situations. These concepts will also dictate physician reimbursement.
Hypothalamic sites mediating cardiovascular effects of microinjected bicuculline and EAAs in rats

Microinjection of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI) into either the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) or the nearby paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) has been reported to evoke marked tachycardia and modest pressor effects. We compared the effects of microinjecting BMI and excitatory amino acids (EAAs) into 1) the DMH, 2) the PVN, and 3) an intermediate area between the two nuclei. In conscious rats, microinjection of (in pmol) 10 BMI, 0.5 kainic acid, or 5 N-methyl-D-aspartate into the DMH markedly increased heart rate and slightly elevated arterial pressure, whereas injections into other regions provoked changes that progressively declined in magnitude with increasing distance from the nucleus. A similar pattern was evident in urethan-anesthetized rats, where the shortest latency to onset of BMI-induced increases in heart rate was seen after injection into the DMH. These findings demonstrate that the cardiovascular changes seen after microinjection of BMI or EAAs into the medial hypothalamus result from an action in the DMH and not from spread to the PVN.
“Oh say can you ___ ”: Race and Mental Disability in Performances of Citizenship

In light of the US Supreme Court’s 2013 decision to eliminate key components of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, a law intended to defuse racist exclusions in democratic practices, a discussion of the ways in which we understand and represent fit citizenship is more urgent than ever. To interrogate the systematic practices of exclusion inherent in US democracy, the article explores how mental disability is visually constituted in media and performance, and how this visual rhetoric directly influences who is deemed civically fit. The article begins with the politically themed performances curated by disc jockey and television star Howard Stern and concludes by invoking the court testimony of Rachel Jeantel in the 2013 murder trial of George Zimmerman. Rather than simply critiquing the exclusion of people of color and people with disabilities in terms of democratic ideals, the article uses these test cases to argue that the imbricated issues of race and disability fundamentally challenge the fantasy of democrati...
Effect of Tillage Practices on the Emergence of Smicronyx fulvus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The effects of fall- or spring-applied tillage practices on adult emergence of a sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus (LeConte), were evaluated over a 2-year period. Weevil emergence counts indicated that fall or spring moldboard plowing after a sunflower crop reduced adult emergence by 29 to 56% over a 2-year period compared with the untilled control. Spring chisel plowing reduced emergence 36 to 39%. The planting of wheat, corn, or sunflower on land heavily infested with sunflower seed weevil larvae had no significant effect on the timing or number of emerging weevils.
On Piloderma bicolor in North America and its relationship to Piloderma byssinum

(1983). On Piloderma Bicolor in North America and its Relationship to Piloderma Byssinum. Mycologia: Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 1092-1093.
Role of Bedrock Ground Water in the Initiation of Debris Flows and Sustained Post-Flow Stream Discharge

Numerous debris-flow events occurred along the Wasatch Front near Salt Lake City, Utah, during the springs of 1983 and 1984. These flows were distinctly different from the previous damaging flows of 1923 and 1930 which were related to cloudburst thunderstorms. The 1983 and 1984 flows were related to the rapid melting of an above average snow pack. These flows originated as localized failures of colluvial sediment on the upper slopes of the Wasatch Front which had developed on a Precambrian metamorphic bedrock. Following the debris-flow event, “normally dry streams” continued to flow well into the autumn. These sustained flows suggest drainage of a ground-water reservoir, “tapped” by the slope failure and scour of the channel. The supply of ground water contained within the colluvium could not sustain the observed stream flow at the canyon mouth. Therefore, we believe that a bedrock reservoir provided the source of water for sustained stream discharges. Field observations and mapping indicate that the metamorphic bedrock has been highly fractured. Erosion control and range management practices following the 1930 debris-flow events combined with a gradual recovery of the Salt Lake area moisture balance effectively recharged this bedrock aquifer. Excess recharge during the rapid spring melt overcharged the bedrock aquifer, increased the pore-water pressure in the colluvium at locations of bedrock springs and seeps, and led to localized slope failures which mobilized the down canyon colluvium into debris flows. Drainage of the bedrock aquifer, at exposed springs and seeps, maintains the sustained stream discharge seen at the canyon mouths.
Reflections on Iranian revolution of 1979: rise of subjectivity and citizenship

Iranian revolution of 1979 seems to be one of the most enigmatic events of the twentieth century. This paper attempts to shed light on this enigma by reflecting on the social processes that have been at work in Iran since early twentieth century. Beginning in that era, Iran embarked upon a process of modernization that involved the creation of a complex consisting of modern military, bureaucracy, and educational systems. This complex was instrumental in creating a rudimentary form of agency among different classes and strata in Iran which gradually engendered the potential for revolutionary action among large segments of society. Yet this rudimentary form of agency – what in the paper is referred to as ‘inchoate agentification’ – was only up to the level of revolutionary ethos, lacking the capacity to create fully democratic institutions. As a result of the mass participation in the revolution and the total war with Iraq that lasted for eight years, the process of agentification in Iran entered a new phas...
Recognition of lesions of the pancreas amenable to surgical treatment.

Lesions of the pancreas can be recognized with a fair degree of accuracy at present. While the results of surgical treatment are not as satisfactory as one would like, many patients can be materially benefited when operation is performed at the proper time and under appropriate conditions.
Cardiac rhythm disturbances during fiberoptic bronchoscopy: a prospective study.

Twenty-six patients undergoing transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were electrocardiographically monitored for 12 hours before, during, and 12 hours after bronchoscopy. We measured arterial lidocaine concentrations during the procedure as well as arterial blood gases before and after the procedure. The incidence of total arrhythmias, including sinus tachycardia, during the control period was 69 percent; minor arrhythmias, 69 percent; and major arrhythmias, 8 percent. During FOB, the incidence of total and minor arrhythmias increased to 77 and 73 percent, respectively; however, the incidence of major arrhythmias decreased to 4 percent. Arterial lidocaine concentrations ranged widely, from 0.1 to 8.7 μg per milliliter with a mean peak level of 5.0 ± 0.6 μg per milliliter, which was reached between 5 and 30 minutes after the insertion of the bronchoscope. We conclude that the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, excluding sinus tachycardia, during FOB is low and that lidocaine anesthesia probably exerts a protective effect against the development of major arrhythmias during the procedure.
A confused man with rapid respiration

A 71-year-old man presented with incoherent, slurred speech, auditory hallucinations, and tachypnea. According to the neighbor who called for emergency medical service, the man had appeared to be in good health the day before. On admission, his blood pressure was normal.
Role of K+ATP channels in local metabolic coronary vasodilation.

ATP-sensitive potassium ( K ATP + ) channels have been shown to play a role in the maintenance of basal coronary vascular tone in vivo. K ATP + channels are also involved in the coronary vasodilato...
weCARE: A Social Media–Based Intervention Designed to Increase HIV Care Linkage, Retention, and Health Outcomes for Racially and Ethnically Diverse Young MSM

Estimates suggest that only about 30% of all individuals living with HIV in the U.S. have achieved viral suppression. Men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly racial/ethnic minority young MSM, are at increased risk for HIV infection and may have even lower viral suppression rates. HIV testing rates among MSM are low, and when tested, racial/ethnic minority young MSM have disproportionately lower rates of retention in care and viral suppression compared to other subgroups. This article describes the design and development of weCare, our social media-based intervention to improve care linkage and retention and health outcomes among racially and ethnically diverse MSM, ages 13-34, living with HIV that will be implemented and evaluated beginning in late 2016. The intervention harnesses established social media that MSM between these ages commonly use, including Facebook, text messaging, and established GPS-based mobile applications (apps). We are using community-based participatory research (CBPR) to enhance the quality and validity of weCare, equitably involving community members, organization representatives, healthcare providers, clinic staff, and academic researchers.
Calorie restriction decreases microalbuminuria associated with aging in barrier-raised Fischer 344 rats.

Renal function as a sensitive biomarker of aging has been studied in specific pathogen-free (SPF) Fischer 344 rats (n = 211), and results are presented according to animal age (5, 8, 12, 18, 24 mo), sex, and diet (ad libitum vs. 40% calorie restriction). Plasma creatinine concentration, endogenous creatinine clearance, total protein excretion, and albumin excretion were measured. Kidney histology was evaluated by light microscopy. In both calorie-restricted and ad libitum-fed animals, kidney weight (KW) and body weight (BW) showed parallel changes with age. The KW-to-BW ratio was unaffected by age in all groups. There was no alteration in plasma creatinine concentration as a function of age or diet. In these SPF animals there was also no change in glomerular filtration rate with age. In animals fed ad libitum, albumin and protein excretion increased with age (females: 0.39 +/- 0.05 at 5 mo vs. 7.4 +/- 2.6 mg protein.24 h-1.g KW-1 at 24 mo; males: 4.1 +/- 0.6 at 5 mo vs. 15 +/- 3 mg protein.24 h-1.g KW-1 at 24 mo). The higher protein excretion rate in all males at 5 mo reflected the excretion of sex-dependent low-molecular-weight proteins that commenced with sexual maturation. Calorie restriction prevented the age-dependent increase in total protein excretion. Kidney histopathology was positively correlated with total protein and albumin excretion. Microalbuminuria preceded the development of lesions detectable by light microscopy. These observations support the concept that microalbuminuria in this model is a sensitive and early biomarker of nephropathy that can be monitored easily and noninvasively.
Anesthetic Drugs Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Patients undergoing surgery require anesthesia that involves using a variety of medications that promote sedation, pain mitigation, and abate any response to stimulation. Early agents used for sedation induction were thiopental and etomidate. Although ketamine is commonly used in veterinary medicine, this agent is often employed in combination with a benzodiazepine to induce analgesia and sedation. Ketamine is a racemic mixture where the S(+) isomer is two to four times more potent. Midazolam is a water-soluble benzodiazepine where at pH>4, the molecule’s ring structure closes, and it becomes a highly lipophilic agent. Both ketamine and midazolam pharmacokinetics fit into a two-compartment open model and primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. The muscle relaxant agents succinyolcholine, d-tubocurarine, roncuronium, and vencuronium induce muscle paralysis used for anesthesia. Succinylcholine pharamacokinetics has been described as a one-compartment open model whereas the other agents a two- or three-compartment open model. Their pharmacodynamics effects are closely linked with their pharmacokinetic profiles. The short-acting opioids fentanyl, sufentanil, and alfentanil are used in anesthesia for pain management and maintain cardiovascular stability. The pharmacokinetics of these agents are expressed as either a two- or three-compartment open model and mainly metabolized by CYP3A4. Propofol and thiopental display a three-compartment open model. Various factors can alter anesthetic drug disposition and their pharmacodynamic actions.
“It’s Alive!”: The Monster and the Automaton as Film and Filmmakers

If hideous progeny and the mutating narrative of the Frankenstein story can be considered a critical lens for understanding adaptation, the films Gods and Monsters and Hugo demonstrate an obsession with artistic progeny and offer an analogy between textual adaptation and the ability to shift perspectives on earlier life and work. In the narrative of Gods and Monsters (1998) and Hugo (2011), filmmakers are seen as refashioning materials in life and art. In fact, the films are strikingly similar: They both fictionalize the life of an important director in cinema history, James Whale (Ian McKellan) and George Melies (Ben Kingsley) respectively. These directors are, as the stories told in these films begin, lost—alienated and depressed. Having repressed the experiences of their early filmmaking successes as these gave way to personal trauma, the two men are brought back to life by the workings of another male figure who has his own personal psychological agenda; Clay Boone (Brendan Fraser) and Hugo (Asa Butterfield) seek meaning in their lives after having been left or abandoned by their fathers. Redeemed and revivified by their relationship with the boys they encounter, Whale and Melies come to terms with their past: they “rejoin the living,” in the case of Melies, and rest in peace, in the case of Whale, who commits suicide after confronting his guilt and regret surrounding past (Barnard) and present (Clay) “creatures” he has loved. However, as I hope to show, both films explore the relationship between the magical and the monstrous, affirming the power of “hideous progeny” to reveal new ways of seeing the past and the present.
Failure Analysis Techniques

THE PHYSICS OF FAILURE effort must bring about a thorough understanding of the causes of device malfunction which then must be used to generate changes in the overall production and control techniques. Texas Instruments Failure Analysis Laboratory has developed a generalized routine for transistor failure analysis and is developing one for integrated microelectronic circuits. The resulting information is relayed to other responsible groups to attempt to prevent recurrence. Principal failure modes and analysis techniques are illustrated by charts.
Differentiating Communication Styles of Leaders on the Linux Kernel Mailing List

Much communication between developers of free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS) projects happens on email mailing lists. Geographically and temporally dispersed development teams use email as an asynchronous, centralized, persistently stored institutional memory for sharing code samples, discussing bugs, and making decisions. Email is especially important to large, mature projects, such as the Linux kernel, which has thousands of developers and a multi-layered leadership structure. In this paper, we collect and analyze data to understand the communication patterns in such a community. How do the leaders of the Linux Kernel project write in email? What are the salient features of their writing, and can we discern one leader from another? We find that there are clear written markers for two leaders who have been particularly important to recent discussions of leadership style on the Linux Kernel Mailing List (LKML): Linux Torvalds and Greg Kroah-Hartman. Furthermore, we show that it is straightforward to use a machine learning strategy to automatically differentiate these two leaders based on their writing. Our findings will help researchers understand how this community works, and why there is occasional controversy regarding differences in communication styles on the LKML.
Comparative Analysis of Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) Based Conditioning Versus Total Body Irradiation (TBI) for High-Risk Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma (DLCL): Toxicity and Efficacy

Abstract 32 Background: RIT based conditioning offers the potential of combining the efficacy of radiation with decreased toxicity over traditional TBI. In pilot trials we demonstrated that combining Yttrium 90 (ibritumomab tiuxetan) with high-dose BEAM (ZBEAM) is feasible and has a toxicity profile similar to high-dose BEAM. Herein we report the results of a comparative analysis designed to evaluate transplant outcomes among DLCL patients who were conditioned with either ZBEAM or a TBI-based conditioning regimen. Patients were matched on age (+/− 5 years), disease status, number of prior regimens, year of diagnosis (+/− 5 years), and year of transplant (+/− 5 years). There was a total of 92 DLCL patients treated from 01/1997-01/2009; 46 patients in each treatment group. The median patient age was 56.5 years (range: 19–78) for the ZBEAM group, and 53 years (range: 21–62) for the TBI group. Both groups had a median of two prior regimens, with 13% (ZBEAM) and 15% (TBI) considered high-risk first remission, 65% beyond 1 st CR and 22% induction failures in each cohort. The median length of follow-up for surviving patients was 51–83 months. There was a trend toward improved PFS in the RIT group: 2 year PFS for ZBEAM group 66% (95%CI: 56–74) vs. 50% (95%CI: 43–57) for TBI group (p 4 years post transplant. Similarly the OS estimate was significantly higher for ZBEAM compared to TBI controls: 84% vs. 59 % (p Conclusions: RIT based conditioning demonstrated improved survival when compared to traditional radiation based regimens in the treatment of DLCL due to a more favorable toxicity profile, while maintaining potent anti-lymphoma effects. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The impact of maternal occupation and pre-pregnancy weight status on childhood obesity: A comparative analysis of the United States and the United Kingdom

Previous studies have shown that maternal employment during childhood increases a child's probability of becoming overweight and that the probability increases with the mother's weekly working hours. Current maternal weight status has also been shown to impact a child's weight status. This paper seeks to expand on these relationships by examining the effects of maternal occupation choice and pre-pregnancy weight status on childhood obesity. The analysis will be a comparative one between the United States (U.S.) and the United Kingdom (U.K.). Matched mother-child data from the 2008 surveys of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth in the U.S. and of the Millennium Cohort Study in the U.K are used. Probit models are specified on the likelihood of a child being obese given certain child, maternal and household characteristics, including maternal occupation and pre-pregnancy weight status. Finally, an additional model is analyzed that replaces maternal occupations with descriptive attributes of the mother's job, from the Occupational Information Network (O*Net).The results suggest a similar impact of maternal pre-pregnancy weight status on childhood obesity between the two regions, with a mother being overweight or obese before pregnancy increasing her child's risk of obesity later in childhood. The effect is larger in the U.S. but highly significant for both. The impact of maternal occupation on childhood obesity, however, differs between the two regions. In the U.S. several occupation categories are shown to be significant in actually decreasing a child's risk of obesity, relative to if the mother was not employed, and all of the occupation categories are jointly significant. In the U.K. maternal occupations are neither individually nor jointly significant in impacting the risk of a child being obese. These results are equally as evident in the model using the O*Net attributes. Again, in the U.S. many of the O*Net attributes have explanatory power on the child's risk of obesity and these results are robust to several different tests of significance. In the U.K., however, the O*Net attributes have no significant impact on child obesity risk, suggesting that employment conditions in the U.K., specifically possibly through national policies, may be more family-friendly.
Immunotherapy and radiation therapy for operable early stage and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of cancer mortality. Although a significant proportion of patients can be cured with surgery, with or without adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, a significant proportion of patients will fail, particularly distantly. Over fifty percent of patients present with stage IV disease. There are multiple forms of immunotherapy available including T-cell transfer, cytokine therapy, and oncolytic viruses. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown tremendous activity in NSCLC and are currently under intense study given promising data on response. Immunotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) both show significant immune editing activity in NSCLC that may allow the innate and adaptive immune system to help control systemic disease by both radiosensitization and a sustained systemic immune response. Multiple clinical trials are underway exploring the role of adjuvant or neoadjuvant immunotherapy in operable NSCLC. A substantial amount of progress is to be made in terms of optimizing radiation dose and fractionation, immunotherapy type and dose, and integrating both to best realize the benefits of immunotherapy and radiation in operable lung cancer.
Single-Center Experience Providing Palliative Care to Pediatric Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Abstract Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) affects nearly 1400 new children each year in the United States. Morbidity and mortality rates remain high for pediatric patients with ESRD, including those that have received a renal transplant. Objective: To better understand ESRD patients referred to palliative care, including their physical symptoms, topics discussed, and themes emerging during initial palliative care consultation. Design/Subjects: This study is a retrospective chart review of pediatric ESRD patients who received a palliative care consult. Physical symptoms, core topics, and themes were identified by the interprofessional study team. Results: The study team found 35 patients met inclusion criteria during the study period. The most common standard palliative care metric noted was “complex or time-intensive communication and interdisciplinary social support.” Pain was the most common physical symptom addressed with goals of care and communication the most common topics discussed. Theme...
Semantics of asynchronous JavaScript

JavaScript code running in the Node.js runtime is a major platform for developers building cloud, mobile, or IoT applications. A fundamental concept in Node.js programming is the use of asynchronous callbacks and event loops to provide highly responsive applications. While conceptually simple, this programming model contains numerous subtleties and behaviors that are defined implicitly by the current Node.js implementation. This paper presents the first comprehensive formalization of the Node.js asynchronous execution model and defines a high-level notion of async-contexts to formalize fundamental relationships between asynchronous executions in an application. These formalizations provide a foundation for the construction of static or dynamic program analysis tools, support the exploration of alternative Node.js event loop implementations, and provide a high-level conceptual framework for reasoning about relationships between the execution of asynchronous callbacks in a Node.js application.
SILS +1 Low Anterior Resection Versus Straight SILS

In our experience, a low anterior resection is the ideal procedure for a reduced port laparoscopic approach, where one additional 5 mm umbilical port is used in addition to the single incision port, to overcome technical and ergonomic challenges. Per surgeon preference, the single port can be used alone – at the umbilicus or the Pfannenstiel site – without the additional port, but we present the “SILS +1” approach for a low anterior resection.
The role of surface roughness, albedo, and Bowen ratio on ecosystem energy balance in the Eastern United States

Abstract Land cover and land use influence surface climate through differences in biophysical surface properties, including partitioning of sensible and latent heat (e.g., Bowen ratio), surface roughness, and albedo. Clusters of closely spaced eddy covariance towers (e.g.,
Neuronal Transforming Growth Factor beta Signaling via SMAD3 Contributes to Pain in Animal Models of Chronic Pancreatitis

Background & Aims Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis, associated with increased pancreatic expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB). It is not clear how these might contribute to pain. We investigated whether TGFB signaling via SMAD induces sensitization of pancreatic sensory neurons to increase nociception. Methods CP was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by infusion of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; some rats were given intrathecal infusions of TGFB1. CP was induced in control mice by administration of cerulein; we also studied β1glo/Ptf1acre-ER mice, which on induction overexpress TGFB1 in pancreatic acinar cells, and TGFBr1f/f-CGRPcreER mice, which have inducible disruption of TGFBr1 in calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive neurons. Dominant negative forms of human TGFBR2 and SMAD3 were overexpressed from viral vectors in rat pancreas. Some rats were given the SMAD3 inhibitors SIS3 or halofuginone. After induction of CP, mice were analyzed for pain in behavior tests or electrophysiologic studies of sensory neurons. Pancreatic nociceptor excitability was examined by patch-clamp techniques and nociception was measured by Von Frey Filament tests for referred somatic hyperalgesia and behavioral responses to pancreatic electrical stimulation. Pancreata were collected from mice and rats and analyzed histologically and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Results Overexpression of TGFB in pancreatic acinar cells of mice and infusion of TGFB1 into rats resulted in sensory neuron hyperexcitability, SMAD3 activation, and increased nociception. This was accompanied by a reduction in the transient A-type current in pancreas-specific sensory neurons in rats, a characteristic of nociceptive sensitization in animal models of CP. Conversely, pancreata from TGFBr1f/f-CGRPcreER mice, rats with pancreatic expression of dominant negative forms of human TGFBR2 or SMAD3, and rats given small molecule inhibitors of SMAD3 had attenuated neuronal sensitization and pain behavior following induction of CP. In contrast to findings from peripheral administration of TGFB1, intrathecal infusion of TGFB1 reduced hyperalgesia in rats with CP. Conclusions In pancreata of mice and rats, TGFB promotes peripheral nociceptive sensitization via a direct effect on primary sensory neurons mediated by intra-neuronal SMAD3. This is distinct from the central nervous system, where TGFB reduces nociception. These results provide an explanation for the link between fibrosis and pain in patients with CP. This signaling pathway might be targeted therapeutically to reduce pain in patients with CP.