cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification and deployment techniques for hand-deployed Arctic long-life sonobuoys

Specific methods and equipment used to modify, power, and hand-deploy AN/SSQ-57A sonobuoys in the Arctic are discussed. The methods and suggestions can be easily extended for use with other types of sonobuoys. The modified sonobuoys transmit continuously for up to 30 days from a remote unmanned site to a manned base camp over a range of 20 km. Sample acoustic data from the ALPIS 87 ice station are presented. >
Experience with a prototype of the POSIX "minimal realtime system profile"

This paper describes experience in prototyping the proposed IEEE standard "Minimal Realtime System Profile", whose primary component is support for real-time threads. It provides some background, describes the implementation, and reports preliminary performance measurements. >
Realistic analytical polyhedral MRI phantoms.

Purpose Analytical phantoms have closed form Fourier transform expressions and are used to simulate MRI acquisitions. Existing three-dimensional (3D) analytical phantoms are unable to accurately model shapes of biomedical interest. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that polyhedral analytical phantoms have closed form Fourier transform expressions and can accurately represent 3D biomedical shapes. Methods The Fourier transform of a polyhedron was implemented and its accuracy in representing faceted and smooth surfaces was characterized. Realistic anthropomorphic polyhedral brain and torso phantoms were constructed and their use in simulated 3D and two-dimensional (2D) MRI acquisitions was described. Results Using polyhedra, the Fourier transform of faceted shapes can be computed to within machine precision. Smooth surfaces can be approximated with increasing accuracy by increasing the number of facets in the polyhedron; the additional accumulated numerical imprecision of the Fourier transform of polyhedra with many faces remained small. Simulations of 3D and 2D brain and 2D torso cine acquisitions produced realistic reconstructions free of high frequency edge aliasing compared with equivalent voxelized/rasterized phantoms. Conclusion Analytical polyhedral phantoms are easy to construct and can accurately simulate shapes of biomedical interest. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Metal Binding to Nanoparticle Formation: Monitoring Biomimetic Iron Oxide Synthesis within Protein Cages using Mass Spectrometry†

Die Bestimmung der Massen metallmineralisierter Proteinkafige ermoglichte eine quantitative Untersuchung des Einflusses der Metallionenkonzentration auf die Grose der gebildeten Nanopartikel. Modellrechnungen mithilfe einer kinetischen Mastergleichung sprechen dafur, dass das Partikelwachstum aus einer Bindungs- und einer Wachstumsphase besteht. I: relativer Uberschuss; LiDps: ein DNA-bindendes Protein.
Stress and Depression

Improved methods of assessment and research design have established a robust and causal association between stressful life events and major depressive episodes. The chapter reviews these developments briefly and attempts to identify gaps in the field and new directions in recent research. There are notable shortcomings in several important topics: measurement and evaluation of chronic stress and depression; exploration of potentially different processes of stress and depression associated with first-onset versus recurrent episodes; possible gender differences in exposure and reactivity to stressors; testing kindling/sensitization processes; longitudinal tests of diathesis-stress models; and understanding biological stress processes associated with naturally occurring stress and depressive outcomes. There is growing interest in moving away from unidirectional models of the stress-depression association, toward recognition of the effects of contexts and personal characteristics on the occurrence of stressors, and on the likelihood of progressive and dynamic relationships between stress and depression over time-including effects of childhood and lifetime stress exposure on later reactivity to stress.
Compensation Discrimination for Wide Receivers: Applying Quantile Regression to the National Football League

Keeferâ€™s recent article in the Journal of Sports Economics (2013) finds evidence of wage discrimination in the National Football League (NFL) market for linebackers. We examine the market for NFL wide receivers using similar techniques as Keefer, though we explore only rookies rather than all current players and wide receivers rather than linebackers. While we would expect to find stronger evidence of discrimination in the rookie market, as rookies are captured sellers, we find no pervasive pattern of pay discrimination by race in this market.
Systems engineering the Curiosity Rover: A retrospective

This paper will discuss systems engineering challenges in development of the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover. As of the writing of this paper, Curiosity has been successfully exploring the surface of Mars for months, but during development it was not always clear it would be a success. MSL is by design three spacecraft in one: The cruise system to get from Earth to Mars; the entry descent and landing system; and the Rover to perform the intended scientific exploration. Each of these has it own unique challenges and is intertwined given the integrated nature of the design. The rover's complex science payload, sampling system and overall scale resulted in many technical challenges. This paper will present a few examples of the systems engineering challenges overcome during the development of the Curiosity rover.
From ‘Little Jerusalems’ to the Promised Land: Zionism, Moroccan nationalism, and rural Jewish emigration

This article provides an ethnographic and historical perspective on the migration of rural Jewish communities from the region of Sous, southern Morocco, to Israel in the early 1960s. Building on theories of the relationship between diaspora, homeland, and nationalism, and using ethnographic data collected among Moroccan Jews and Muslims from the region, I argue that even though the economic factors played a substantial role in persuading rural Jews to migrate to Israel, historical symbols of traditional messianic Zionism played a major role in the migration of rural Jewry. Unlike urban Jews who settled in different Moroccan cities after the Spanish Inquisition, Jews from Akka and other neighbouring hamlets have a particular view of history to which Zionism appealed. In this article, I use a historical narrative to argue that southern Moroccan Jews, whether their memory is based on supposition or fact, imagined their history as connected to Palestine. Accordingly, Zionists invoked these historical messiani...
A classification approach for DNA methylation profiling with bisulfite next-generation sequencing data

Motivation: With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technology, bisulfite–sequencing-based DNA methylation profiling methods have emerged as the most promising approaches due to their single-base resolution and genome-wide coverage. However, statistical analysis methods for analyzing this type of methylation data are not well developed. Although the most widely used proportion-based estimation method is simple and intuitive, it is not statistically adequate in dealing with the various sources of noise in bisulfite-sequencing data. Furthermore, it is not biologically satisfactory in applications that require binary methylation status calls. Results: In this article, we use a mixture of binomial model to characterize bisulfite-sequencing data, and based on the model, we propose to use a classification-based procedure, called the methylation status calling (MSC) procedure, to make binary methylation status calls. The MSC procedure is optimal in terms of maximizing the overall correct allocation rate, and the false discovery rate (FDR) and false non-discovery rate (FNDR) of MSC can be estimated. To control FDR at any given level, we further develop an FDR-controlled MSC procedure, which combines a local FDR-based adaptive procedure with the MSC procedure. Both simulation study and real data application are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed procedures. It is shown in our simulation study that the estimates of FDR and FNDR of the MSC procedure are appropriate. Simulation study also demonstrates that the FDR-controlled MSC procedure is valid in controlling FDR at a prespecified level and is more powerful than the individual binomial testing procedure. In the real data application, the MSC procedure exhibits an estimated FDR of 0.1426 and an estimated FNDR of 0.0067. The overall correct allocation rate is 40.97. These results suggest the effectiveness of our proposed procedures. Availability and implementation: The proposed procedures are implemented in R and are available at http://www.stat.purdue.edu/*
Validation of Names at Subspecific Rank in North American Campanulaceae

ABSTRACT Thirteen combinations at subspecific rank are effected for North American Campanulaceae, in preparation for a forthcoming world checklist of the family. Twelve were recognized most recently at varietal rank within the same species to which they are here assigned: Diastatea virgata subsp. ciliata (McVaugh) Lammers, Githopsis diffusa subsp. guadalupensis (Morin) Lammers, Heterotoma lobelioides subsp. glabra (T. J. Ayers) Lammers, Lobelia assurgens subsp. santa-clarae (McVaugh) Lammers, Lobelia berlandieri subsp. brachypoda (A. Gray) Lammers, Lobelia ehrenbergii subsp. gracilens (A. Gray) Lammers, Lobelia flexuosa subsp. intermedia (Hemsley) Lammers, Lobelia gruina subsp. peduncularis (McVaugh) Lammers, Lobelia irasuensis subsp. fucata (McVaugh) Lammers, Lobelia irasuensis subsp. picta (B. L. Robinson & Seaton) Lammers, Palmerella debilis subsp. serrata (A. Gray) Lammers, and Triodanis perfoliata subsp. biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Lammers. Downingia humilis Greene has been recognized as a distinct specie...
Rethinking the Perpetual Nature of Conservation Easements

As the use of perpetual conservation easements as a land protection tool has grown, so have concerns regarding whether, when, and how such easements may be modified or terminated to respond to changed conditions. This Article argues that the charitable trust doctrine of cy pres should apply to donated conservation easements and, if interpreted as suggested, can provide a principled means of modifying or extinguishing easements that have ceased to provide public benefits sufficient to justify their continued enforcement (or have even arguably become detrimental to the public). The Article argues that a landowner should be viewed as striking the following "cy pres bargain" with the public upon the donation of an easement - the landowner should be permitted to exercise dead hand control over the use of the property encumbered by the easement, but only so long as the easement continues to provide benefits to the public sufficient to justify its enforcement. If, due to changed conditions, the continued protection of the encumbered land for the conservation purposes specified in the easement deed becomes "impossible or impracticable," a court should apply the doctrine of cy pres to restore the appropriate balance between the landowner's desire to exercise dead hand control, and society's interest in ensuring that charitable assets continue to provide benefits to the public. In cases where the donor evidenced a particularly strong personal attachment to the encumbered land and the continued protection of that land for a different conservation purpose is feasible, a court could apply the doctrine of cy pres to modify the easement to change its conservation purpose while continuing to protect the underlying land. Alternatively, in cases where the donor did not evidence a particularly strong personal attachment to the encumbered land, or where the continued protection of that land for a different conservation purpose is not feasible, a court could apply the doctrine of cy pres to extinguish the easement, authorize the sale of the unencumbered land, and direct that the proceeds attributable to the easement be used to accomplish the donor's specified conservation purposes in another location.
Social Capital, Culture, and Institutions as Determinants of Entrepreneurship in a Development Context

Entrepreneurship is still a social term that scholars have difficulty defining, and a lack of consistency in theory in turn leaves researchers without an accurate way to measure entrepreneurial activity. A working definition and theory of the entrepreneur is provided as a way to synthesize the various multi-disciplinary approaches taken towards entrepreneurship in past literature, with emphasis on welfare and judgmental decision-making under uncertainty. Past studies find significant relationships between economic growth and the level of entrepreneurial activity in a country. Little is known, however, on which elements of a society contribute to entrepreneurship and which do not. This study examines the effects that social capital, culture, and institution measures have on the level of self-employment in a country, with specific focus on developing countries. Results of this cross-country regression analysis form a model of entrepreneurship with significant explanatory power from property rights, productivity, and trust.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma hominis Strain Sprott (ATCC 33131), Isolated from a Patient with Nongonococcal Urethritis

ABSTRACT Presented here is the complete and annotated genome sequence of Mycoplasma hominis Sprott (ATCC 33131). The chromosome comprises 695,214 bp, which is approximately 30 kb larger than the syntenic genome of M. hominis PG21T. Tetracycline resistance of strain Sprott is most probably conferred by the tetM determinant, harbored on a mosaic transposon-like structure.
A parametric study for wellbore strengthening

Abstract Wellbore strengthening is a commonly applied method for mitigating lost circulation during drilling challenging formations with narrow drilling mud weight windows. This technique artificially increases the wellbore's maximum sustainable pressure by bridging drilling induced or natural fractures with lost circulation material (LCM). Although a number of successful applications have been reported in the drilling industry, the effects of several parameters are still not thoroughly understood. This paper presents a finite-element model to investigate the effects of these parameters on the evolution of near-wellbore hoop stress and fracture width in wellbore strengthening. Results show that the hoop stress around the wellbore and along the fracture can be substantially increased by bridging the fracture with LCM. A desirable LCM bridge should have low enough permeability to ensure there is no fluid flow across it. The best place to bridge the fracture, from the hoop-stress-engagement point of view, is the fracture mouth near wellbore wall. Fluid leak-off through the wellbore wall and fracture surfaces affects both hoop stress and fracture width distributions. Young's modulus has a significant influence on fracture width distribution, whereas Poisson's ratio has a very small influence. Finally, several useful field implications for wellbore strengthening are provided.
Low Frequency Resonant Impulsive Raman Modes Reveal Inversion Mechanism for Azobenzene

Azobenzenes are versatile photoswitches that find application in optical memory, light-driven motors, and molecular gating. Despite many studies, the molecular details of their light induced trans to cis isomerization are still debated. To inform this discussion we probed the low frequency skeletal motions in an azobenzene derivative, 4-nitro-4′-dimethylamino-azobenzene (NDAB), with resonant impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy (RISRS). Four previously unobserved modes at 14, 47, 150, and 201 cm–1 were found. Of these, the ∼50 cm–1 inversion motion and the ∼15 cm–1 torsional motion had particularly large intensities, suggesting that the excited state potential energy surface is steeply sloped along these coordinates in the Franck–Condon region. These data support a model in which NDAB isomerizes predominantly along a prompt inversion coordinate as well as a slower torsional motion that mitigates the phenyl–phenyl interactions on the pathway to the isomerized product.
How Personal Income Tax Affects Income Distribution: Evidence from Bulgaria

The article uses household data on incomes, expenditures, and taxes from the 1992 Bulgarian household budget survey to analyze the impact of the personal income tax on income distribution.
False positive cell free DNA screening for microdeletions due to non-pathogenic copy number variants.

Mather et al. 1 Title: False Positive Cell Free DNA Screening for Microdeletions Due to Non-Pathogenic 2 Copy Number Variants 3 Short Title: False positive cfDNA due to alternate CNVs 4 Authors: Cheryl Mather, MD 1,2 ; Zhongxia Qi, PhD 1 , Arun P. Wiita, MD, PhD 1 * 5 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 6 2 Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 7 *Corresponding Author: Arun P. Wiita, MD, PhD UCSF Dept. of Laboratory Medicine 185 Berry Street, Suite 290 San Francisco, CA 94143 Arun.Wiita@ucsf.edu 16 Funding: UCSF Dept. of Laboratory Medicine 17 Conflict of interest: None 18 Word Count: 1,244. Figures: 1. Tables: 0. 19 What’s Already Known About This Topic?: Aneuploidy screening using cell free DNA (cfDNA) 20 has recently been expanded to include selected microdeletions. However, validation has been 21 limited and the real-world positive-predictive value is unknown. 23 What Does This Study Add?: Here we describe three cases of false positive cfDNA 24 microdeletions due to small, non-pathogenic copy number variants near the region of interest. 25 These findings elucidate one mechanism of false-positive results with this screening test and 26 suggest that additional validation is necessary before wider use in clinical practice.
Quantitative neuromagnetic signatures of aberrant cortical excitability in pediatric chronic migraine.

Reports have suggested that abnormal cortical excitability may be associated with acute migraines. The present study quantitatively assesses the degree of cortical excitability in chronic migraine as compared to acute migraine and healthy controls within the pediatric population. We investigated 27 children suffering from chronic migraine, 27 children suffering from acute migraine, and 27 healthy controls using a magnetoencephalography (MEG) system, recording at a sampling rate of 6000 Hz. All groups were age-matched and gender-matched. Neuromagnetic brain activation was elicited by a finger-tapping motor task. The spatiotemporal and spectral signatures of MEG data within a 5–2884 Hz range were analyzed using Morlet wavelet transform and beamformer analyses. Compared with controls, the chronic migraine group showed (1) significantly prolonged latencies of movement-elicited magnetic fields (MEFs) between 5 and 100 Hz; (2) increased spectral power between 100 and 200 Hz, and between 2200 and 2800 Hz; and (3) a higher likelihood of neuromagnetic activation in the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortices, supplementary motor area, and occipital regions. Compared with acute migraine group, chronic migraine patients showed (1) significantly higher odds of having strong MEFs after 150 ms; and (2) significantly higher odds of having neuromagnetic activation from the deep brain areas. Results demonstrated that chronic migraine subjects were not only different from the healthy controls, but also different from acute migraine subjects. The chronification of migraines may be associated with elevated cortical excitability, delayed and spread neural response, as well as aberrant activation from deep brain areas.
The survey of network behavior mode and motivation among medical university freshmen

Objective To understand the network behavior among medical university freshmen,and to provide reference for guiding rational use of network and strengthening the health care of school. Methods A total of 330 freshmen from a medical university were selected by multistage cluster sampling and questionnaire was carried during December 2013 to January 2014. Results 98. 4% owned smart phone,97. 2% chose smart phone for internet using. 74. 7% answered " often using the Internet" and no statistical difference was found between male and female students( χ2= 0. 071,P 0. 05). 40.9% cost two or more hours a day for using the Internet and no statistical difference was found between male and female students( P 0. 05). 43. 8% chose " kill time" and 43. 1% chose " contact with others " and just 15. 0% chose " look up information" on the motivation of network behavior. 77. 8% chose " entertainment" and just 9. 7% chose " access to learning materials" on the activity content of network behavior. Conclusion Using the Internet is frequently by smart phone and little related to study among medical college freshmen. Therefore,it needs to strengthen the education of network behavior and make college freshmen use network reasonably and healthily.
Surveillance of AIDS and syphilis infection among the high risk population in Beijing

Objective:To learn the infection of AIDS among the prostitutes,druggers and men having sex with men in Beijing and explore the comprehensive surveillance mechanism against AIDS.Methods: Collected vein blood of these High Risk Population,detected the HIV antibody and syphilis by Serological ELISA.Positive samples with HIV antibody were sent to Beijing CDC for confirmation;these positive for syphilis were confirmed with TPPA(16.73%).Results: A total of 1405 samples were collected.81 were positive for HIV,the positive rate was 5.77%.235 were positive for syphilis and the rate was 16.73%.Conclusion: Among these three groups,the drugger′s positive rate for HIV was higher than the rest two;men having sex with men had higher positive rate for syphilis.These men who had sex with men generally had their own family,in fact,they were bisexual.So they were riskier.Health education and behavior intervention should be focused on different factors for every group of the High Risk Population.
It is complicated: gender and sexual orientation identity in LGBTQ youth.

Aims and objectives To explore the variations of sexual orientation and gender identity as well as the intersections of those identities in a sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning youth. Background Identity development is a key task of adolescence. Among the multiple identities that young people navigate are sexual orientation and gender identity. Challenges with solidifying and integrating aspects of one's identity can contribute to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Design Cross-sectional descriptive survey. Methods A convenience sample was recruited via collaborations with community organisations and Internet groups who provide information and services for LGBTQ youth under the age of 25. Results Of the 175 respondents, one-third of the sample reported a gender identity that was not congruent with their sex assigned at birth. Those assigned female sex at birth reported noncongruent gender identities as well as fluid and nonbinary identities such as genderqueer and agender more frequently that respondents assigned male at birth. Individuals with noncongruent gender identities were more likely to identify with a sexual orientation other than lesbian, gay or bisexual than individuals with gender identities congruent with their sex assigned at birth. Conclusions Adolescent sexual orientation and gender identity are complex and nuanced. Nurse scientists and clinical nurses can contribute to understanding of these identities, their meaning to the young person and the unique health implications by regularly inquiring about sexual orientation and gender identity in their practice. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses in clinical practice need to be aware of the sometimes complicated nature of adolescent identity and its related terminology so that they can ask relevant questions and provide culturally safe care.
Ultrahigh resolution four-wave-mixing spectroscopy of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond exhibits a zero-phonon transition art 637 nm that has been assigned as an A→E transition at a site with trigonal symmetry.1 Paramagnetic resonance studies revealed a triplet feature that was originally assigned to an excited state.2 More recently, it was argued that the triplet signal actually arose from the ground state,3,4We employ a new method of ultra-high-resolution nearly degenerate four-wave-mixing (NDFWM) spectroscopy, as well as persistent hole burning and electron paramagnetic resonance, to measure the metastable spin singlet excited-state lifetime and the g round-state spin-lattice relaxation time and also to prove that the ground state is indeed a triplet.
Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors of VLA-5 to Block the Interaction Between Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Ph+ and Their Microenvironment.

Abstract 1027 Integrin VLA-5 (α5β1, CD49e/CD29) plays an important role in hematopoietic cells functioning as well as in promoting tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Molecules targeting VLA-5 can be rapidly developed into anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor pharmaceuticals. VLA-5 is highly expressed on Ph+ leukemia cells and VLA-5 inhibitory antibodies can significantly inhibit the adhesion of Ph+ leukemia cells to human fibronectin. We generated an atomic homology model of VLA-5 based on the crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin αVβ3 in complex with a cyclic peptide presenting the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence and utilized this structure-based approach to identify VLA-5 binding drug-like small molecules. We selected the Arg-Gly-Asp binding residues and the epitopes of VLA-5 antibody as the target for small molecule binding using SPHERE_SELECT in DOCK6. The grid-based scoring system was used for scoring with the non-bonded force field energy function. The 100 highest scoring small molecules were assayed in an in vitro adhesion assay using leukemia cell lines and solid phase assay. This approach identified several leading small-molecule compounds, V10, V20, V37 and L4. Their IC50 are respectively 22.5μM, 23.7μM, 32.0μM and 28.9μM. These compounds can inhibit the adhesion of VLA-5 expressing Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemia to both human fibronectin and bone marrow stromal cells. Compounds V10 and V20 also significantly inhibited the growth of Ph+ leukemia cells. These compounds can enhance the effect of imatinib and dasatinib to kill Ph+ leukemia cells when cultured contacting with bone marrow stromal cells. We are currently testing the synergistic effect of these compounds with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat the Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia in NOD/SCID animal model. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Deviations from mirroring in interpersonal multifrequency coordination when visual information is occluded

In activities such as dancing and sports, people synchronize behaviors in many different ways. Synchronization between people has traditionally been characterized as either perfect mirroring (1:1 in-phase synchronization, spontaneous synchrony, and mimicry) or reflectional mirroring (1:1 antiphase synchronization), but most activities require partners to synchronize more complicated patterns. We asked visually coupled dyads to coordinate finger movements to perform multifrequency ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1). Because these patterns are coordinated across and not just within individual physiological and motor systems, we based our predictions on frequency-locking dynamics, which is a general coordination principle that is not limited to physiological explanations. Twenty dyads performed five multifrequency ratios under three levels of visual coupling, with half using a subcritical visual information update rate. The dynamical principle was supported, such that multifrequency performance tends to abide by the strictures of frequency locking. However, these constraints are relaxed if the visual information rate is beyond the critical information update rate. An analysis of turning points in the oscillatory finger movements suggested that dyads did not rely on this visual information to stabilize coordination. How the laboratory findings align with naturalistic observations of multifrequency performance in actual sports teams (Double Dutch) is discussed. Frequency-locking accounts not only for the human propensity for perfect mirroring but also for variations in performance when dyads deviate from mirroring.
Visualization of early post-implantation mouse embryogenesis using 3D imaging modality (Conference Presentation)

Hemodynamic force is vital to cardiovascular remodeling in the early post-implantation mouse embryo. Here, we present work using microCT and lightsheet microscopy to establish the critical sequence of developmental events required for forming functional vasculature and circulation in the embryo, yolk sac, and placenta in the context of normal and impaired flow. A flow impaired model, Mlc2a+/- will be used to determine how hemodynamic force affects the specific events during embryonic development and vascular remodeling between the 4 and 29-somite stage using microCT. We have recently established high-resolution methods for the generation of 3D image volumes from the whole embryo within the deciduum (Hsu et al., in revision). This method enables the careful characterization of 3D images of vitelline and umbilical vessel remodeling to define how poor blood flow impacts both vitelline and umbilical vessel remodeling. Novel lightsheet live imaging techniques will be used to determine the consequence of impaired blood flow on yolk sac vasculature remodeling and formation of umbilical vessels using transgenic reporters: Flk-myr::mCherry, Flk1-H2B::YFP, or eGlobin-GFP. High-resolution 3D imaging of fixed and ScaleA2-cleared whole mount embryos labeled with Ki67 and Caspase3 will also be performed using lightsheet microscopy to quantify the proliferation and apoptotic indexes of early post-implanted embryos and yolk sac. This multi-modality approach is aimed at revealing further information about the cellular mechanisms required for proper vessel remodeling and the initial stages in placentation during early post-implantation development.
Retail Lending in 2016: Growth Owing to Mortgage

At year-end of 2016, upward trend of retail credit exposure on bank loans resumed. Growth was entirely due to residential loans segment in the context of consumer lending shrinking. Shift in the debt structure in favor of cheaper and long-term credits issued for residential purchases secured debt burden stability of households’ income in spite of growth of consumer debt value.
The Effect of Nursing Quality Improvement and Mobile Health Interventions on Infant Sleep Practices: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Inadequate adherence to recommendations known to reduce the risk of sudden unexpected infant death has contributed to a slowing in the decline of these deaths. Objective To assess the effectiveness of 2 interventions separately and combined to promote infant safe sleep practices compared with control interventions. Design, Setting, and Participants Four-group cluster randomized clinical trial of mothers of healthy term newborns who were recruited between March 2015 and May 2016 at 16 US hospitals with more than 100 births annually. Data collection ended in October 2016. Interventions All participants were beneficiaries of a nursing quality improvement campaign in infant safe sleep practices (intervention) or breastfeeding (control), and then received a 60-day mobile health program, in which mothers received frequent emails or text messages containing short videos with educational content about infant safe sleep practices (intervention) or breastfeeding (control) and queries about infant care practices. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was maternal self-reported adherence to 4 infant safe sleep practices of sleep position (supine), sleep location (room sharing without bed sharing), soft bedding use (none), and pacifier use (any); data were collected by maternal survey when the infant was aged 60 to 240 days. Results Of the 1600 mothers who were randomized to 1 of 4 groups (400 per group), 1263 completed the survey (78.9%). The mean (SD) maternal age was 28.1 years (5.8 years) and 32.8% of respondents were non-Hispanic white, 32.3% Hispanic, 27.2% non-Hispanic black, and 7.7% other race/ethnicity. The mean (SD) infant age was 11.2 weeks (4.4 weeks) and 51.2% were female. In the adjusted analyses, mothers receiving the safe sleep mobile health intervention had higher prevalence of placing their infants supine compared with mothers receiving the control mobile health intervention (89.1% vs 80.2%, respectively; adjusted risk difference, 8.9% [95% CI, 5.3%-11.7%]), room sharing without bed sharing (82.8% vs 70.4%; adjusted risk difference, 12.4% [95% CI, 9.3%-15.1%]), no soft bedding use (79.4% vs 67.6%; adjusted risk difference, 11.8% [95% CI, 8.1%-15.2%]), and any pacifier use (68.5% vs 59.8%; adjusted risk difference, 8.7% [95% CI, 3.9%-13.1%]). The independent effect of the nursing quality improvement intervention was not significant for all outcomes. Interactions between the 2 interventions were only significant for the supine sleep position. Conclusions and Relevance Among mothers of healthy term newborns, a mobile health intervention, but not a nursing quality improvement intervention, improved adherence to infant safe sleep practices compared with control interventions. Whether widespread implementation is feasible or if it reduces sudden and unexpected infant death rates remains to be studied. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01713868
Dissolution Kinetics of Cubic Tricalcium Aluminate Measured by Digital Holographic Microscopy.

In situ digital holographic microscopy is used to characterize the dissolution flux of polycrystalline cubic tricalcium aluminate (C3A-c). The surface dissolves at rates that vary considerably with time and spatial location. This implies a statistical distribution of fluxes, but an approximately steady-state median rate was obtained by using flowing solutions and by reducing the water activity in the solution. The dissolution flux from highly crystalline C3A-c depends on the water activity raised to an empirically derived exponent of 5.2 and extrapolates to a median flux of – 2.1 μmol m–2 s–1 in pure water with an interquartile range of 3.2 μmol m–2 s–1. The flux from a less crystalline source of C3A-c has an empirical water activity exponent of 4.6 and an extrapolated median flux of only −1.4 μmol m–2 s–1 in pure water with an interquartile range of 1.9 μmol m–2 s–1. These data suggest that the bulk dissolution rate of C3A-c can vary by at least 30% from one source to another and that variability in the ...
Effects of 30 Years of Disuse on Exceptional Memory Performance

In the mid-1980s, Dario Donatelli (DD) participated in a laboratory study of the effects of around 800 h of practice on digit-span and increased his digit-span from 8 to 104 digits. This study assessed changes in the structure of his memory skill after around 30 years of essentially no practice on the digit-span task. On the first day of testing, his estimated span was only 10 digits, but over the following 3 days of testing it increased to 19 digits. Further analyses of his recall performance and verbal reports identified which mechanisms of the original memory skill he could retrieve or reacquire over the 3 days of practice. We discuss theoretical implications for the retention of skilled memory performance, the effects of age-related changes in memory on it, and for the future study of the effects of disuse on exceptional performance and complex skill.
Plant Community, Plantesamfund

The plant community concept was first introduced by the Danish botanist Johannes Eugenius Bulow Warming (1841–1924) in his book “Plantesamfund” of 1895, where he suggested a general theory of explaining different geographical distributions of plants. The title “Plantesamfund” can be translated both as Plant societies and Plant communities, since the Danish word samfund means both “society” and “community” (or alternatively “Gesellschaft” and “Gemeinschaft” in German). To keep the broad meaning of the original title Warming chose the German title “Okologischen Pflanzengeographie” (1896) and the English title “Oecology of Plants” (1909). The book addressed different factors limiting the geographical distribution of different plants. He used the concept of “community” or “Gemeinschaft” when describing smaller geographical distributions of plants, while “oecologie” or “Okologie” had a broader geographical meaning corresponding to “society” or “Gesellschaft” as a whole. “Plantesamfund” was not translated into French, though Warming was inspired by the French botanical notion of “le commensal” (dinner partner) in his thinking about the plant community. “Plantesamfund” was also translated into Polish in 1900 and Russian in 1901.
Case Study #8: Wind Turbine Control Design

In Chap. 13, HSSPFC is used to develop a new nonlinear/adaptive power flow control strategy for below-rated power control of variable speed wind turbines. Fundamentally, the new controller is designed to optimize both stability and performance criteria. Numerical results demonstrate that the nonlinear/adaptive power flow control increases efficiency, extracting more power when compared to a conventional control strategy. In addition, the new controller incorporates the ability to reject disturbances and operate with measurement noises. To maximize wind power extraction, a variable speed wind turbine should operate near its optimal performance capabilities. Traditionally, generator torque is used as a control input to improve wind energy capture by forcing the wind turbine to stay close to the maximum energy capture point. However, these current control techniques do not take into account turbine dynamics and stochastic nature of the wind while lacking robustness to disturbances which directly lead to power losses. In an effort to address these deficiencies, a nonlinear/adaptive power flow control approach for variable speed wind turbines is proposed to optimize the wind energy capture in below-rated power operation while minimizing the transient loads. A nonlinear aeroelastic model of the wind turbine is first developed. Next, a nonlinear reference model is developed that is based on optimal energy capture. Then a nonlinear feedback control algorithm is designed for which the parameters are made adaptive to accommodate robustness to variations in the dynamics. This new controller is compared to a conventional controller, and the numerical results are included for rotor speed and wind turbine power responses.
Cadaveric Femoral Fractures in a Fall on the Hip Configuration

We fractured 100 cadaveric femora with different areal bone mineral density (aBMD) (normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic) in a fall on the hip loading configuration using a mechanical testing system. Two single-axis and one multi-axis load cells measured the forces and moments in the femoral head, shaft, and the greater trochanter. Two high-speed video cameras recorded the events leading to fracture from the anterior and posterior directions.
Serial intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injections for acquired subglottic stenosis in premature infants.

Long-term intubation of premature infants sometimes induces acquired subglottic stenosis (SGS), causing glottic or supraglottic problems. These kinds of SGS often require tracheostomy and subsequently make decannulation difficult. The aim of our study was to clarify the efficacy of repeated intralesional steroid injections to the stenosis. Six children with acquired SGS, who were treated with triamcinolone acetonide injections to the subglottic space just below the vocal folds between September 2015 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients’ mean age was 4.3 (range 1.3–4.4) years, the mean gestational age at birth was 25 (23–28) weeks, and the mean birth weight was 591 (456–734) g. The degree of SGS was grade II in one patient and III in five patients, with both tracheostoma and glottic or supraglottic abnormalities. They generally underwent ten procedures, every 3–4 weeks. In most cases, the patency of the injected space improved by 25–220%, and the symptoms were relieved. One patient achieved decannulation, and another one underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction and decannulation. Two patients started using a speech cannula. There were no severe complications. Serial intralesional steroid injections are likely to be effective in improving the patency of acquired SGS.
Case 44: Severe Zone I/II Open Globe Injury with Stellate Wound Repair Followed by Enucleation

A 22-year-old man presented with a severe, complex Zone I-II open globe injury of the left eye after a fall. The patient underwent repair of this open globe injury in addition to associated facial lacerations. The patient’s postoperative course was complicated by a funnel retinal detachment and significant post-operative pain. The patient was offered further surgical intervention for the retinal detachment as well as the possibility of a corneal transplant in the future, but the patient was not interested in further surgical intervention and ultimately underwent enucleation.
Population Health Science as the Basic Science of Public Health: A Public Health of Consequence, October 2018.

An introduction is presented which explores reports within the issue focusing upon population health science as the basic science of public health in the U.S.
A Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation of Family Navigation Implementation for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

There is growing interest in Family Navigation as an approach to improving access to care for children with autism spectrum disorder, yet little data exist on the implementation of Family Navigatio...
Treating People as Individuals

Acts of discrimination are often criticized on the ground that they fail to "treat people as individuals." This paper develops an account of that moral requirement rooted in the philosophical literature on autonomy. To treat people as individuals, it argues, is not to eschew inductive generalization but rather to exhibit recognition respect for a particular morally salient property that persons possess. The paper explores just what that property of being "an individual" amounts to, and just how certain forms of discriminatory conduct may fail to respect it. The paper thus aims both to clarify an important strand in the moral case against certain forms of discrimination and, in so doing, to surface some neglected dimensions of what it means to respect the autonomy of others.This paper will be published as a chapter in Philosophical Foundations of Discrimination Law, Oxford University Press.
Autophagy and Apoptosis Specific Knowledgebases-guided Systems Pharmacology Drug Research

Background Autophagy and apoptosis are the basic physiological processes in cells that clean up aged and mutant cellular components or even the entire cells. Both autophagy and apoptosis are disrupted in most major diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to understand the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis due to their tightly synergetic or opposite functions in several pathological processes. Objective This study aims to assist autophagy and apoptosis-related drug research, clarify the intense and complicated connections between two processes, and provide a guide for novel drug development. Methods We established two chemical-genomic databases which are specifically designed for autophagy and apoptosis, including autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins, pathways and compounds. We then performed network analysis on the apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins and investigated the full protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these two closely connected processes for the first time. Results The overlapping targets we discovered show a more intense connection with each other than other targets in the full network, indicating a better efficacy potential for drug modulation. We also found that Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is a critical point linking autophagy- and apoptosis-related pathways beyond the overlapping part, and this finding may reveal some delicate signaling mechanism of the process. Finally, we demonstrated how to utilize our integrated computational chemogenomics tools on in silico target identification for small molecules capable of modulating autophagy- and apoptosis-related pathways. Conclusion The knowledge-bases for apoptosis and autophagy and the integrated tools will accelerate our work in autophagy and apoptosis-related research and can be useful sources for information searching, target prediction, and new chemical discovery.
La fenomenología en el espejo de la psicolingüïstica: una perspectiva vygotskiana

RESUMEN La premisa que subyace a este articulo es que ninguna investigacion racional puede ser puramente fenomenologica o puramente psicologica. Esta tesis, que se refleja en el propio titulo del articulo, esta fundada en la naturaleza continua de la conciencia. Por otra parte, el presente articulo esta fundamentado en las perspectivas de L. S. Vygotsky sobre la consciencia. Una cuidadosa comparacion de los estudios fenomenologicos con la investigacion psicolinguistica basada en las ideas de Vygotsky revela muchos paralelismo significativos. un buen numero de conceptos fenomenologicos, tales como lso de "interiorizacion", "apropiazion" "preconsciente"," intencionalidad","significado vivido/hablado", "comprension", etc...aparecen, como en un espejo en los trabajos psicolinguisticos bajo los mismos o diferentes nombres. De manera que, en cada caso sometido a discusion, hay un concepto fenomenologico y su "doble" psicolinguistico. PALABRAS CLAVE BYGOTSKY-FENOMENOLOGIA-PSICOLINGUISTICA ABSTRACT The underlying premise of this paper is taht no rational inquiry can be purely phenomenological or purely psychological. this thesis, wich is reflected in the title of the paper, is based on the continuous nature of consciousness. on the other hand, the present paper is grounded in L. S Vygotsky'2 persopectives on consciousness. A careful comparison of phenomeological studies with consciousness. A careful comparison of phenomenological studies with psycholinguistic research based on his ideas reveals many significant parallels. A lot of phenomenological concepts, such as "interiorization", "appropriation", "pre-conscious", "intentionaity", "lived/spoken meaning", "grasping", etc..appear, as if in a mirror, in psycholinguistic works, under different, or the same, names. So, in each case, under discussion there is a pheomenological concept and its psycholinguistic "double" KEYWORDS VYGOTSKY.PHENOMENOLOGY-PSICOLINGUISTICS