cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulator and 2 tools: Validation of performance measures from a novel neurosurgery simulation model using the current Standards framework.

Background Ventriculostomy is a common neurosurgical procedure with a relatively steep learning curve. A low-cost, high-fidelity simulator paired with procedure-specific performance measures would provide a safe environment to teach ventriculostomy procedural skills. The same validated simulation model could also allow for assessment of trainees' proficiencies with measures that align with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones. This study extends previous work to evaluate validity evidence from the simulator, its newly developed performance assessment, the Ventricolostomy Procedural Assessment Tool, and the Objective Structured Assessment for Technical Skills. Methods After Institutional Review Board exemption, performance data were collected from 11 novice and 3 expert neurosurgeons (n = 14). Participants self-reported their ability to perform tasks on the simulator using the Ventricolostomy Procedural Assessment Tool, an 11-item, step-wise instrument with 5-point rating scales ranging from 1 (unable to perform) to 5 (performs easily and smoothly). De-identified operative performances were videotaped and independently rated by 3 neurosurgeons, using the Ventricolostomy Procedural Assessment Tool and Objective Structured Assessment for Technical Skills. We evaluated multiple sources of validity evidence (2014 Standards) to examine psychometric quality of the measures and to test our assumption that the tools could discriminate between novice and expert performances adequately. We used a multifacet Rasch model and traditional indices, such as Cronbach alpha, intraclass correlation, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test estimates. Results Validity evidence relevant to test content and response processes was supported adequately. Evidence of internal structure was supported by high interitem consistency (n = 0.95) and inter-rater agreement for most Ventricolostomy Procedural Assessment Tool items (Intraclass correlation coefficient = [0.00, 0.91]) and all Objective Structured Assessment for Technical Skills items (Intraclass correlation coefficient = [0.80, 0.93]). Overall, novices performed at a lower level than experts on both scales (P Conclusion Despite a small sample, favorable evidence using current Standards supports the use of the novel simulator and both tools combined for skills training and performance assessment, but challenges (potential threats to validity) should be considered prior to implementation.
A Comparison of Facial Features and Fusion Methods for Emotion Recognition

Emotion recognition is an important part of human behavior analysis. It finds many applications including human-computer interaction, driver safety, health care, stress detection, psychological analysis, forensics, law enforcement and customer care. The focus of this paper is to use a pattern recognition framework based on facial expression features and two classifiers (linear discriminant analysis and k-nearest neighbor) for emotion recognition. The extended Cohn-Kanade database is used to classify 5 emotions, namely, ‘neutral, angry, disgust, happy, and surprise’. The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Sine Transform (DST), the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWHT) and a new 7-dimensional feature based on condensing the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) are compared. Ensemble systems using decision level, score fusion and Borda count are also studied. Fusion of the four features leads to slightly more than a 90 % accuracy.
Yeast Vps13 promotes mitochondrial function and is localized at membrane contact sites

The Vps13 protein family is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. Mutations in human VPS13 genes result in a variety of diseases, such as chorea acanthocytosis (ChAc), but the cellular functions of Vps13 proteins are not well defined. In yeast, there is a single VPS13 orthologue, which is required for at least two different processes: protein sorting to the vacuole and sporulation. This study demonstrates that VPS13 is also important for mitochondrial integrity. In addition to preventing transfer of DNA from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, VPS13 suppresses mitophagy and functions in parallel with the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion encounter structure (ERMES). In different growth conditions, Vps13 localizes to endosome-mitochondrion contacts and to the nuclear-vacuole junctions, indicating that Vps13 may function at membrane contact sites. The ability of VPS13 to compensate for the absence of ERMES correlates with its intracellular distribution. We propose that Vps13 is present at multiple membrane contact sites and that separation-of-function mutants are due to loss of Vps13 at specific junctions. Introduction of VPS13A mutations identified in ChAc patients at cognate sites in yeast VPS13 are specifically defective in compensating for the lack of ERMES, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction might be the basis for ChAc.
Geological Museum the University of Wyoming

(1984). Geological Museum the University of Wyoming. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 127-131.
Generalization of dielectric-dependent hybrid functionals to finite systems

Interactions between light and matter are of fundamental interest in a variety of fields, such as solar-energy conversion. A new, accurate method, based on first principles, is used to predict the absorption and emission properties of a range of organic and inorganic molecules.
Rare Event Detection and Analysis in Flow Cytometry: Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Breast Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells in Malignant Effusions, and Pericytes in Disaggregated Adipose Tissue

One of the major strengths of Flow Cytometry is its ability to perform multiple measurements on single cells within a heterogeneous mixture. When the populations of interest are relatively rare, analytical methodology that is adequate for more prevalent populations is often overcome by sources of artifacts that become apparent only when large numbers of cells are acquired. This chapter presents three practical examples of rare event problems and gives detailed instructions for preparation of single cell suspensions from bone marrow, malignant effusions, and solid tissue. These examples include detection of mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow, characterization of cycling/aneuploid cells in a breast cancer pleural effusion, and detection and subset analysis on adipose-derived pericytes. Standardization of the flow cytometer to decrease measurement variability and the use of integrally stained and immunoglobulin capture beads as spectral compensation standards are detailed. The chapter frames rare event detection as a signal-to-noise problem and provides practical methods to determine the lower limit of detection and the appropriate number of cells to acquire. Detailed staining protocols for implementation of the examples on a three-laser cytometer are provided, including methods for intracellular staining and the use of DAPI to quantify DNA content and identify events with ≥2N DNA. Finally, detailed data analysis is performed for all three examples with emphasis on a three step procedure: (1) Removal of sources of interference; (2) Identification of populations of interest using hierarchical classifier parameters; and (3) Measurement of outcomes on classifier populations.
PIP-II Transfer Line Design

The U.S. Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report encouraged the realization of Fermilab's Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) to support future neutrino programs in the United States. PIP-II aims at enhancing the capabilities of the Fermilab existing accelerator complex while simultaneously providing a flexible platform for its future upgrades. The central part of PIP-II project is the construction of a new 800 MeV H- Superconducting (SC) Linac together with upgrades of the Booster and Main Injector synchrotrons. New transfer lines will also be needed to deliver beam to the down-stream accelerators and facilities. In this paper we present the recent development of the design of the transfer lines discussing the principles that guided their design, the constraints and requirements imposed by the existing accelerator complex and the following modifications implemented to comply with a better understanding of the limitations and further requirements that emerged during the development of the project.
Quantum Systems With Constant Potential

The Schrodinger time-independent equation is applied to a series of systems of a piecewise constant potential, beginning with a free particle and culminating with particles confined in a three-dimensional box. Because of the simplicity of the potential profile, new properties of the wave functions can be introduced. A symmetric potential leads to two classes of wave functions—odd and even—in regard to coordinate substitution x → −x. For two or more dimensions the special degeneracy and reduction from one system of n dimensions can be reduced to n systems of one dimension. The degeneracy of identical particle exchange is also illustrated with the introduction of Slater determinants.
Diffuse interface modeling of three-phase contact line dynamics on curved boundaries

We introduce a simple and efficient lattice Boltzmann method for immiscible multiphase flows, capable of handling large density and viscosity contrasts. The model is based on a diffuse-interface phase-field approach. Within this context we propose a new algorithm for specifying the three-phase contact angle on curved boundaries within the framework of structured Cartesian grids. The proposed method has superior computational accuracy compared with the common approach of approximating curved boundaries with stair cases. We test the model by applying it to four benchmark problems: (i) wetting and dewetting of a droplet on a flat surface and (ii) on a cylindrical surface, (iii) multiphase flow past a circular cylinder at an intermediate Reynolds number, and (iv) a droplet falling on hydrophilic and superhydrophobic circular cylinders under differing conditions. Where available, our results show good agreement with analytical solutions and/or existing experimental data, highlighting strengths of this new approach.
“Losing my religion”: Identity (re)constructions in Mormon exit narratives

The present study explores how former members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who are often referred to as Mormons, construct their identities. Framed in an interpretive narrative approach, 150 online exit stories of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints that voluntarily left the Church were qualitatively analyzed. Findings reveal five prominent identities: (1) the disenfranchised victim, (2) the redeemed spiritualist, (3) the liberated self, (4) the (wo)men of science, and (5) the Mormon in name only. Results suggest that membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is inextricably connected to individual identity. Thus, exiting the Church is much more than leaving an organization. Future implications for research will be discussed.
Type-II superlattice-based extended short-wavelength infrared focal plane array with an AlAsSb/GaSb superlattice etch-stop layer to allow near-visible light detection

A versatile infrared imager capable of imaging the near-visible to the extended short-wavelength infrared (e-SWIR) is demonstrated using e-SWIR InAs/GaSb/AlSb type-II superlattice-based photodiodes. A bi-layer etch-stop scheme consisting of bulk InAs0.91Sb0.09 and AlAs0.1Sb0.9/GaSb superlattice layers is introduced for substrate removal from the hybridized back-side illuminated photodetectors. The implementation of this new technique on an e-SWIR focal plane array results in a significant enhancement in the external quantum efficiency (QE) in the 1.8–0.8 μm spectral region, while maintaining a high QE at wavelengths longer than 1.8 μm. Test pixels exhibit 100% cutoff wavelengths of ∼2.1 and ∼2.25 μm at 150 and 300 K, respectively. They achieve saturated QE values of 56% and 68% at 150 and 300 K, respectively, under back-side illumination and without any anti-reflection coating. At 150 K, the photodetectors (27 μm×27 μm area) exhibit a dark current density of 4.7×10−7 A/cm2 under a −50 mV applied bias providing a specific detectivity of 1.77×1012 cm·Hz1/2/W. At 300 K, the dark current density reaches 6.6×10−2 A/cm2 under −50 mV bias, providing a specific detectivity of 5.17×109 cm·Hz1/2/W.
Relationship between mother-infant mutual dyadic responsiveness and premature infant development as measured by the Bayley III at 6 weeks corrected age

Abstract Background The quality of mother-preterm infant interaction has been identified as a key factor in influencing the infant's later development and language acquisition. The relationship between mother-infant responsiveness and later development may be evident early in infancy, a time period which has been understudied. Aim Describe the relationship between mother-infant mutual dyadic responsiveness and premature infant development. Design This study employed a secondary analysis of data from the 6-week corrected age (CA) follow-up visit of the Hospital-Home Transition: Optimizing Prematures' Environment (H-HOPE) study, a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of a mother- and infant- focused intervention for improving outcomes among premature infants. Subjects Premature infants born between 29 and 34 weeks gestational age and their mothers who had social-environmental risks. Outcome measures At 6-weeks corrected age, a play session was coded for the quality of mutual responsiveness (Dyadic Mutuality Code). Development was assessed via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition. Results Of 137 mother-infant dyads, high, medium and low mutual responsiveness was observed for 35.8%, 34.3% and 29.9%, respectively. Overall motor, language and cognitive scores were 115.8 (SD = 8.2), 108.0 (7.7) and 109.3 (7.9). Multivariable linear models showed infants in dyads with high versus low mutual responsiveness had higher scores on the motor (β = 3.07, p = 0.06) and language (β = 4.47, p = 0.006) scales. Conclusion High mutual responsiveness in mother-premature infant dyads is associated with significantly better language development and marginally better motor development.
Conditioning of cerebral dysrhythmia induced by Pattern Presentation and Eye Closure

Previous communications from the Epilepsy Center of the University of Wisconsin described the conditioning of certain types of sensory-induced epilepsy. These included stroboscopic-induced seizures, startle epilepsy and musicogenic epilepsy. The present communication adds two types of sensory-evoked seizures treated by conditioning techniques. These additional types are the dysrhythmias induced by pattern presentation and by eye closure. The techniques employed are similar in their main concept to those previously reported. The presentation of a noxious stimulus is altered in such a way as to be innocuous, then is presented repeatedly without producing a seizure. Next, the stimulus is altered gradually until the noxious state is reached.
Effect of energy source and level, and animal age and sex on meat characteristics of sheep

Abstract Trial 1 was designed to identify meat quality differences due to sheep age (n = 16 ewe lambs, n = 16 yearling ewes, and n = 16 mature ewes) and diet (ad libitum alfalfa pellets (AP), and ad libitum whole shelled corn (WSC100)). Mature ewes had greater (P ≤ 0.02) lean CIELAB a* values when compared with yearling ewes and ewe lambs. Offering WSC100 resulted in a greater (P ≤ 0.05) CIELAB a* value from the fat of sheep carcasses. Longissimus thoracis (LT) cook loss and slice shear force (SSF) values decreased (P ≤ 0.01) with postmortem aging from 1 d to 14 d. Trial 2 was designed to identify meat quality differences due to diet (AP, WSC100, and 85% restricted intake of WSC; WSC85), lamb sex (n = 48 ewes and n = 48 wethers), and lamb age (n = 48 short-fed and n = 48 long-fed). Short-fed lambs had greater LT ultimate pH (P ≤ 0.05) and lean CIELAB L* values (P ≤ 0.01) when compared with long-fed lambs. Long-fed lambs had greater (P ≤ 0.05) CIELAB L* values from the fat of the carcass when compared with short-fed lambs. Lambs offered WSC100 produced carcass fat with greater (P ≤ 0.03) CIELAB a* values when compared with lambs offered AP. Long-fed lambs had a greater percentage of lipid in the LT (P ≤ 0.01) and the whole, boneless ground shoulder (P ≤ 0.01) and greater shoulder patty cook loss (P ≤ 0.01) when compared with samples from shorter-fed lambs. Offering WSC100 resulted in a greater (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of lipid in the shoulder patty when compared with offering AP and WSC85. Percent cook loss and SSF values decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the LT when aged for 14 days when compared with 1 day. Across the two trials, indicators of sheep meat quality were not largely influenced by diet, age of the sheep, or sex of the sheep.
Laparoscopic Sigmoid and Left Colon Resection

Laparoscopic sigmoid and left colon resection should be in the armamentarium of the gastrointestinal surgical team. Because the technique is still evolving, the basic principles of conventional colon surgery must be followed. Although the procedure is initially more time consuming and associated with higher morbidity than is conventional resection, the learning curve can be mastered.
Gender differences in mental health and substance use disorders and related healthcare services utilization

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pathological gambling often co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Gender differences in treatment-seeking behaviors among patients with pathological gambling diagnosis remain poorly understood. This study assessed gender differences in healthcare services utilization in patients seeking treatment for pathological gambling, substance use, and mental health co-occurring conditions. METHODS Study data were derived from a representative sample of the Massachusetts All Payers Claims Database for the period 2009-2013. Descriptive analyses were performed by gender using group t-tests and Pearson's chi-square tests. Bootstrap analysis was used to account for skewed distribution of healthcare services utilization data. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the association between healthcare services utilization and gender while controlling for patient's age, county, and ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. RESULTS Over two-thirds of the patients were males. Moreover, two in five patients seeking treatment had pathological gambling as principal or primary diagnosis. Females had a significantly greater number of three or more co-occurring psychiatric conditions than males. Having a diagnosis of episodic mood disorder, neurotic disorder, or adjustment reaction significantly increased the utilization of healthcare services for both genders. Females had a greater utilization of healthcare services than males for the same psychiatric diagnosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Healthcare services utilization significantly varies by gender and type of mental health and substance use diagnosis. There are significant differences by gender in the utilization of healthcare services for the same psychiatric disorders. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE There is a need to address gender differences in psychiatric conditions and their related healthcare needs. (Am J Addict 2019;28:9-15).
Two-Channel Bioprotonic Photodetector

Merging biological systems with electronic components requires converting biological ionic currents into electrical signals. Previously, we coupled green-light-activated transport of protons by a p...
Increased risk of incident chronic medical conditions in infertile women: analysis of US claims data.

Background The risk of common chronic medical conditions among infertile women is not known. Objective The objective of the study was to study the association between female infertility and the risk of incident chronic disease. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort analysis using the Optum deidentified Clinformatics Datamart from 2003 through 2016. A total of 64,345 infertile women were identified by infertility diagnosis, testing, or treatment and compared with 3,128,345 noninfertile patients seeking routine gynecologic care. Women with a prior diagnosis of the relevant chronic disease or cancer or with either diagnosis within 6 months of the index event were excluded. The main outcome was a diagnosis of incident chronic disease as identified by International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision/International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes. Results were adjusted for age, index year, nulliparity, race, smoking, obesity, number of visits per year, and highest level of education. Results Infertile patients were more likely to develop diabetes (adjusted hazard risk, 1.44, confidence interval, 1.38–1.49), renal disease (adjusted hazard risk, 1.22, confidence interval, 1.12–1.32), liver disease (adjusted hazard risk, 1.25, confidence interval, 1.20–1.30), cerebrovascular disease (adjusted hazard risk, 1.26, confidence interval, 1.15–1.38), ischemic heart disease (adjusted hazard risk, 1.16, confidence interval, 1.09–1.24), other heart disease (adjusted hazard risk, 1.16, confidence interval, 1.12–1.20), and drug abuse (adjusted hazard risk, 1.24, confidence interval, 1.15–1.33) compared with noninfertile patients. Infertile patients were significantly less likely to develop alcohol abuse (adjusted hazard risk, 0.86, confidence interval, 0.79–0.95) compared with noninfertile patients. Risk associations were similar after excluding women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and premature ovarian insufficiency. In subgroup analyses of women who underwent pregnancy and childbirth during enrollment, several previously noted risk associations were attenuated compared with the overall cohort. Conclusion While the absolute risk of chronic disease is low, infertility is associated with an increased risk of incident chronic disease compared with a group of noninfertile women.
Metabolic Disorders and Anesthesia

Metabolic disorders encompass a group of inherited inborn errors of metabolism that are uncommonly encountered but can pose challenges when encountered during the perioperative period. Hence, it is paramount that anesthesiologists are experienced and familiar with management of these conditions. Hundreds of inborn errors of metabolism have already been identified, yet new metabolic disorders continue to be discovered with advancements in genomic science. In our general review, we define the more common metabolic disorders encountered in perioperative medicine and discuss the perioperative anesthetic considerations and challenges associated with each disorder. The following disorders are covered in our review: disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, disorders of amino acid metabolism, disorders of branched-chain amino acid metabolism, organic acidemias, mitochondrial disorders, lysosomal storage disorders, metal metabolism disorders, and urea cycle disorders.
Alpha-transfer reactions in light nuclei. II. ( He 3 , Be 7 ) pickup reactions

The ($^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$) reaction has been studied at a laboratory energy of 25.5 MeV for $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ targets and at energies of 25.5, 27.0, and 29.0 MeV for a $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ target. Angular distributions have been measured from ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}=15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} \mathrm{to} 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ for transitions to low-lying states in the residual nuclei. The resulting angular distributions have been analyzed (1) using an exact-finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation formalism including multistep processes and (2) using a Hauser-Feshbach compound-nuclear model. In general, the shapes of the forward angle ($^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$) data are well described by the finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation and finite-range coupled-channels Born-approximation calculations. The magnitude of the measured transition to the 1.63-MeV (${2}^{+}$) state in $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ is approximately 100 times larger than predicted by an ${\mathrm{SU}}_{3}$ theory for a simple one-step transition, and this transition is shown to be an example in which a finite-range coupled-channels Born-approximation analysis is required. Arguments concerning the direct nature of the reaction process populating these states are discussed, and spectroscopic information is extracted.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$($^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$), ${E}_{(^{3}\mathrm{He})}=25.5, 27.0, 29.0$ MeV, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(E,\ensuremath{\theta})$ Hauser-Feshbach and finite-range CCBA analysis, spectroscopic factors.
There is poor accuracy in documenting the location of labral and chondral lesions observed during hip arthroscopy.

To determine and compare the accuracy and interobserver reliability of the different methods for localizing acetabular labral, acetabular chondral, and femoral head chondral lesions with hip arthroscopy . Three cadaver hips were placed in the supine position. Three labral, three femoral chondral, and six acetabular chondral lesions were made in each cadaver using electrocautery. Six surgeons classified the lesions according to different classification systems (clock-face, geographic, Method-G) using hip arthroscopy and standardized portals. Identification of each lesion was performed after conclusion of the study through open dissection and surgical hip dislocation to be used as the “gold-standard.” Accuracy was calculated as the number of correct answers divided by total number of responses for a given system. The interobserver reliability was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The different classification methods were compared. All P values were reported with significance set at P 0.05). The acetabular chondral lesion identification accuracy was 56% (95% CI, 46%–65%) for Method G, 66% (95% CI, 56%–75%) for Method G-simp, and 63% (95% CI, 53%–72%) for the geographic system (P > 0.05) with an interobserver reliability of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.27–0.35), 0.34 (95% CI, 0.28–0.40), and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.34–0.45), respectively (P > 0.05). Femoral chondral lesion identification accuracy was 74% (95% CI, 60%–85%) for Method G, 43% (95% CI, 29%–57%) for the geographic method, and 59% (95% CI, 45%–72%) for the geographic-simp system with interobserver reliability of 0.37 (95% CI, 0.27–0.47), 0.34 (95% CI, 0.28–0.40), and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.29–0.51), respectively (P > 0.05). Method G was significantly more accurate than the geographic system (P = 0.001). There was poor to fair accuracy and interobserver reliability of the reporting systems for localization of labral, acetabular chondral, and femoral chondral lesions encountered during hip arthroscopy. The study suggests there is a need for a new method that is easy to use, reliable, reproducible and accurate.
Systematic error analysis in the absolute hydrogen gas jet polarimeter at RHIC

Abstract The Polarized Atomic Hydrogen Gas Jet Target polarimeter (HJET) is operated at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) since 2004 to measure the absolute polarization of each colliding proton beam. Polarimeter detectors and data acquisition were upgraded in 2015 to increase the solid angle, energy range, and to improve the energy and time resolution. These upgrades along with an improved beam intensity and polarization allowed us to greatly reduce the statistical and systematic errors for the proton polarization measurements in RHIC Runs 15 ( E beam = 100 GeV ) and 17 (255 GeV). For a typical 8 h RHIC store, the measured proton beam average polarization was about P beam ∼ 55 ± 2 . 0 stat ± 0 . 3 syst % . The elastic pp analyzing power, A N ( t ) ∼ 0 . 04 , was determined with a precision of about | δ A N ( t ) | ∼ 0 . 0002 in the momentum transfer squared range 0 . 001 − t 0 . 020 GeV 2 . In this paper we present a detailed systematic error analysis of the polarization measurements at HJET. Perspectives of using the HJET based absolute polarimeters in the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will be also discussed.
Little Agreement on Treating Residual Bipolar Disorder Symptoms in a Child.

Background There is a paucity of studies on treatment of childhood-onset bipolar disorder and its associated comorbidities, which leads to a wide diversity of opinion on choice and sequencing of treatment options. Methods From December 2018 to January 2019, a graphic depiction of medications and weekly ratings of symptoms of mania, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional behavior that parents had rated on their 9-year-old child over a period of several years was sent to experts in child and adult bipolar disorder. These responding medical doctors (MDs, 8 child and 18 adult psychiatrists) rated a comprehensive list of medications that they would choose (and with what priority) to treat the child's now improved mood (mania and depression) but continued mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety, ADHD, and oppositional behavior. Results In the whole group, the drugs most highly endorsed were lamotrigine: 69%, lithium: 62%, lurasidone: 62%, quetiapine: 54%, aripiprazole: 46%, and valproate: 42%. Among the antidepressants, 38% endorsed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 12% a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and 27% bupropion. Of the child MDs, 75% suggested increasing the 1-mg dose of risperidone, while few adult MDs suggested this. Conversely, 56% of the adult MDs suggested using valproate, while only 1 child MD did so. There was little consensus on how to manage ADHD symptoms unresponsive to methylphenidate 36 mg/d. How these treatment options were sequenced also varied widely. Conclusions There was wide variation in suggestions on to how to treat persistent symptoms of anxiety, ADHD, and oppositional behavior in a child whose mania and depression had been brought under good control. We surmise that this great diversity in recommendations among experts in child and adult bipolar disorder stems at least partially from inadequate literature on treatment and that a new emphasis on funding and conducting studies on efficacy and effectiveness is needed.
Pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: A systematic review of the literature, with a focus on relapsing cases.

BACKGROUND Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction with systemic symptoms. This study aims to investigate clinical features, causative drugs, and available treatments for pediatric DRESS, particularly for relapsing cases. METHODS A systematic search of the English and French literature on pediatric DRESS was conducted using the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane collaboration databases. Confirmed cases of pediatric DRESS fulfilling the RegiSCAR diagnostic criteria with a probable or a definite diagnosis were included. RESULTS After full-text article review, 144 articles were included, representing a total of 354 pediatric patients with a mean age of 8.8 years. The mean time from the drug intake until the onset of the first symptom was 18.9 days. Antiepileptic drugs were the main trigger, followed by anti-infectious agents. Relapsing DRESS was reported in 17 children. In comparison to non-relapsing cases, relapsing patients had more comorbidities. The initial clinical presentation was more commonly erythroderma. Facial edema, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes in more than two sites were more commonly found in relapsing cases. Systemic steroids were more frequently administered. CONCLUSION Pediatric DRESS is a potentially severe adverse drug reaction. Antiepileptic agents are the most common causative agents. Fever, facial edema, lymph node enlargement, and pharyngeal and visceral involvement predicted DRESS reactivation in children. Corticosteroids were the mainstay of treatment.
Optical quantification of nanoscale structural alterations in pups' brain cells due to fetal alcoholism using dual spectroscopy

The quantitative measurement of nanoscale structural alterations in cells/tissues is important to understand their physical states. Molecular specific light localization technique and microscopic imaging are highly sensitive spectroscopic approaches for studying the structural abnormalities in brain cells under a sedative condition. Fetal alcohol syndrome and other neurological disorders are the severe, irreversible outcomes of fetal alcoholism. The alcohol consumed by a pregnant mother passes through the placenta to the growing womb and inhibits the growth of vital organs of the baby resulting in brain damage and other birth defects. This damage is initially at the nanoscale level in cells/tissue. We probe fetal alcoholic pup brain cells using dual spectroscopy approaches: 1) photonics localization method using inverse participation ratio via confocal imaging, confocal-IPR, to probe DNA and histone molecular spatial structural alterations; 2) a recently developed spectroscopic technique, partial wave spectroscopy (PWS), which combines mesoscopic physics with microscopic imaging and detects the nano to submicron scales alterations in pup’s brain cells/tissues. The molecular structural abnormalities calculated based on light localization properties show an increase in the degree of spatial molecular structural disorder in DNA and a decrease in histone. An increase in spatial disorder in DNA may suggest DNA unwinding while reduced structural disorder in histone may indicate the release of histone from the DNA and helps in the unwinding of the DNA and gene expression. This result is further supported by the PWS result which shows an increase in the degree of structural disorder in chronic alcohol-treated mice pup’s brain tissues.
Schizophrenia hospitalization in the US 2005-2014: Examination of trends in demographics, length of stay, and cost.

ABSTRACT Primarily we aimed to examine the crude and standardized schizophrenia hospitalization trend from 2005 to 2014. We hypothesized that there will be a statistically significant linear trend in hospitalization rates for schizophrenia from 2005 to 2014. Secondarily we also examined trends in hospitalization by race/ethnicity, age, gender, as well as trends in hospitalization Length of Stay (LOS) and inflation adjusted cost.In this observational study, we used Nationwide Inpatient Sample data and International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revisions codes for Schizophrenia, which revealed 6,122,284 cases for this study. Outcomes included crude and standardized hospitalization rates, race/ethnicity, age, cost, and LOS. The analysis included descriptive statistics, indirect standardization, Rao-Scott Chi-Square test, t-test, and adjusted linear regression trend.Hospitalizations were most prevalent for individuals ages 45-64 (38.8%), African Americans were overrepresented (25.8% of hospitalizations), and the gender distribution was nearly equivalent. Mean LOS was 9.08 days (95% confidence interval 8.71-9.45). Medicare was the primary payer for most hospitalizations (55.4%), with most of the costs ranging from $10,000-$49,999 (57.1%). The crude hospitalization rates ranged from 790-1142/100,000 admissions, while the US 2010 census standardized rates were 380-552/100,000 from 2005-2014. Linear regression trend analysis showed no significant difference in trend for race/ethnicity, age, nor gender (P > .001). The hospitalizations' overall rates increased while LOS significantly decreased, while hospitalization costs and Charlson's co-morbidity index increased (P < .001).From 2005-2014, the overall US hospitalization rates significantly increased. Over this period, observed disparities in hospitalizations for middle-aged and African Americans were unchanged, and LOS has gone down while costs have gone up. Further studies addressing the important disparities in race/ethnicity and age and reducing costs of acute hospitalization are needed.
The persistent lack of knowledge and misunderstanding of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) more than a decade after passage

PURPOSE More than a decade after the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) was passed, there is a paucity of research on the general public's awareness of GINA. This study's objective was to assess knowledge of GINA and concerns of genetic discrimination. METHODS A quota-based sample of US adults (N = 421) was recruited via Qualtrics Research Services to complete an online survey. RESULTS Overall, participants had a mean age of 43.1 (SD = 13.9), 51.8% identified as female, 63.1% identified as non-Hispanic White, and 38.4% had ≥4-year college degree. Respondents reported relatively low subjective knowledge of GINA (M = 3.10, SD = 1.98; 7-point Likert scale). Among respondents reporting high subjective knowledge of GINA (16.2%), 92.6% incorrectly reported or did not know that GINA does not covers life, long-term care, and disability insurance, and this number was 82.4% for auto or property insurance. Respondents were relatively likely to decline genetic testing due to concerns about results being used to determine eligibility for employment (M = 4.68, SD = 1.89) or health insurance (M = 4.94, SD = 1.73). There were few consistent demographic associations with either subjective or objective knowledge of GINA. CONCLUSION This study highlights continued public concern about genetic discrimination and a lack of awareness and understanding of GINA and its scope of protections.
Characterization of microstructure and property evolution in advanced cladding and duct: Materials exposed to high dose and elevated temperature

Designing materials for performance in high-radiation fields can be accelerated through a carefully chosen combination of advanced multiscale modeling paired with appropriate experimental validation. The studies reported in this work, the combined efforts of six universities working together as the Consortium on Cladding and Structural Materials, use that approach to focus on improving the scientific basis for the response of ferritic–martensitic steels to irradiation. A combination of modern modeling techniques with controlled experimentation has specifically focused on improving the understanding of radiation-induced segregation, precipitate formation and growth under radiation, the stability of oxide nanoclusters, and the development of dislocation networks under radiation. Experimental studies use both model and commercial alloys, irradiated with both ion beams and neutrons. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe are combined with both first-principles and rate theory approaches to advance the understanding of ferritic–martensitic steels.
In-vivo measurement of surgical needle intervention parameters: A pilot study

Percutaneous intervention is essential in numerous medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In these procedures, accurate insertion of the surgical needle is very important. But precise interstitial intervention is quite challenging. Robot-assisted needle intervention can significantly improve accuracy and consistency of various medical procedures. To design and control any robotic system, the design and control engineers must know the forces that will be encountered by the system and the motion trajectories that the needling mechanism will have to follow. Several researchers have reported needle insertion forces encountered while steering through soft tissue and soft material phantoms, but hardly any in-vivo force measurement data is available in the literature. In this paper, we present needle insertion forces and motion trajectories measured during actual brachytherapy needle insertion while implanting radioactive seeds in the prostate glands of twenty five patients.
Electron donors to P700 in cyanobacteria and algae: An instance of unusual genetic variability

Cytochrome c-553 and/or plastocyanin have been isolated from many cyanobacteria and several eukaryotic algae. The isoelectric point for both the cytochrome and plastocyanin varies from that of a basic protein (pI 9.3) in the filamentous cyanobacteria to that of an acidic protein (pI 3.8) in unicellular cyanobacteria and eukaryotes. The cytochrome from a given genus may show isomeric forms distinguishable in either net charge or nonpolar character. Some of the variation in net charge between the cytochromes from different genera is localized in one region of the primary structure.
Do Democracy Clauses Matter? The Effects of Regional Integration Associations on the Onsets and Outcomes of Coups d’état

Do democracy clauses matter in promoting political stability and democracy among its members? With the rise of regional integration associations (RIAs), questions arise as to their ability to secure political stability among member-states. Increasingly, various RIAs have adopted “democracy only” clauses in their treaties as a condition for membership. To date, however, research examining regime stability has overlooked the effects of RIAs’ democracy clauses on preventing autocratic backsliding. We posit that the ability of RIAs to prevent political instability and autocratic backsliding depends upon both the existence of a democracy clause and democratic commitment of the RIA’s regional leader.
A Systematic Approach for Feature Extraction in Fingerprint Images

Fingerprint image enhancement and feature extraction are the most important stages in fingerprint verification. The robustness of the system depends entirely upon its ability to enhance bad quality images and reliably extract minutiae from it. In this paper we propose two original algorithms for the extraction of global and local features in fingerprint images. A global feature extraction and enhancement algorithm based on Fourier analysis that is simultaneously able to extract local ridge orientation, ridge frequency and ridge quality measure is proposed. A novel algorithm for minutiae feature extraction and post processing based on chain coded contour following is also presented.
The Economic Versus Accounting Impacts Of R&D on U.S. Market-To-Book Ratios

This paper examines the extent to which the rise in U.S. market-to-book ratios over the period 1980-2000 is due to expenditures on R&D becoming more profitable versus simply becoming more prevalent. More profitable R&D increases the numerator of the market-to-book ratio, while the biased nature of U.S. GAAP means that more prevalent spending on R&D depresses the denominator. I seek to disentangle these effects by measuring annually the NPV of R&D expenditures and the revenue intensity of R&D spending, and then testing to see which better explains variation in annual market-to-book ratios. I find that the profitability of R&D tripled in the 1990s relative to the 1980s, and the revenue intensity of R&D spending doubled. Although the simple correlations between market-to-book ratios and the NPV of R&D and the intensity of spending on R&D are both strongly positive, multivariate tests indicate that the influence of increased spending on R&D entirely dominates that of higher R&D profitability. For R&D, the impact of biased accounting swamps that of improved economic profitability.
Influence of TMJ dysfunction on Bennett movement as recorded by a modified pantograph. Part III: Progress report on the clinical study

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to provide further insight into the characteristics of the induced and voluntary Bennett movement by determining the influence of TMJ dysfunction on the lateral side shift of the mandible as recorded by a modified pantograph. Twelve subjects were examined using pantographic tracings quantitated with the PRI to establish a baseline pattern of dysfunction for each subject. The PRI was used to categorize the subjects as to the degree of dysfunction. Following categorization, eight subjects were used as an experimental group and four subjects as a control group. On all subjects, induced and voluntary Bennett movement registrations were taken at the initial and final adjustment. Only the experimental subjects underwent an occlusal therapy consisting of an occlusal splint and an occlusal adjustment. Success of the therapy was monitored via the PRI. Following occlusal therapy, the reduction in PRI scores and categorization for the experimental group was significant to the 0.0042 level. There was no significant change in the scores for the control group. Post-treatment Bennett movement registrations (voluntary and induced) indicated a statistically significant increase of the movement at the 0.043 level. The control group showed no significant change. Furthermore, on all subjects studied in this investigation, the voluntary Bennett movement was always within the borders of the induced Bennett movement, suggesting that the subject's neuromus-culature was an important component in registering the lateral side shift of the mandible.
CREDIBILITY AND ENDOGENOUS SOCIETAL DISCOUNTING

Abstract We consider a dynamic moral hazard economy inhabited by a planner and a population of privately informed agents. We assume that the planner and the agents share the same discount factor, but that the planner cannot commit. We show that optimal allocations in such settings solve the problems of committed planners who discount the future less heavily than agents. Thus, we provide micro-foundations for dynamic moral hazard models that assume a societal discount factor in excess of the private one. We extend the analysis to allocations that are reconsideration-proof in the sense of Kocherlakota [Kocherlakota, N., 1996. Reconsideration-proofness: A refinement for infinite horizon time inconsistency. Games and Economic Behavior 15, 33–54]. We show that these allocations solve the choice problem of a committed planner with a unit discount factor.
Human Protein S Cleavage and Inactivation by Coagulation Factor Xa

Human factor Xa specifically cleaves the anticoagulant protein S within the thrombin-sensitive domain. Amino-terminal amino acid sequencing of the heavy chain cleavage product indicates cleavage of protein S by factor Xa at Arg60, a site that is distinct from those utilized by alpha-thrombin. Cleavage by factor Xa is unaffected by the presence of hirudin and is completely blocked by tick-anticoagulant-peptide and D-Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethyl ketone, the latter two being specific inhibitors of factor Xa. The cleavage requires the presence of phospholipid and Ca2+, and is markedly inhibited by the presence of factor Va. Factor Xa-cleaved protein S no longer possesses its activated protein C-dependent or -independent anticoagulant activity, as measured in a factor VIII-based activated partial thromboplastin time clot assay. The apparent binding constant for protein S binding to phospholipid (Kd approximately 4 nM +/- 1.0) is unaffected by factor Xa or thrombin cleavage, suggesting that the loss of anticoagulant activity resulting from cleavage is not primarily due to the loss of membrane binding ability. Cleavage and inactivation of protein S by factor Xa may be an additional way in which factor Xa exerts its procoagulant effect, after the initial stages of clot formation.
Nonaqueous emulsion copolymerization of ethyl methacrylate/lauryl methacrylate in propylene glycol. I. Evaluation of stabilizing efficiency for PEO-PS-PEO triblock copolymers

Sixteen poly(ethylene oxide)–polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PS-PEO) triblock copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization. They were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and proton NMR. The molecular weight of these 16 PEO-PS-PEO triblock copolymers ranged from 5100 to 13,300. The polystyrene (PS) block length was between 13 and 41. The PEO block length was between 41 and 106. The polydispersity index for these PEO-PS-PEO triblock copolymers were 1.05 ± 0.02. When using these stabilizers in the emulsion copolymerization of ethyl methacrylate and lauryl methacylate in propylene glycol, only a narrow window of stability was observed. Stable latexes were formed only when the molecular weights of the PEO blocks were within the range of 5300–7700 and the molecular weights of the PS blocks were 2000–4000. The stabilizer ability for these triblock copolymers was correlated with their molecular weight and conformation in propylene glycol. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1951–1962, 2001