cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SENSO COMUM, EXPERIÊNCIA E AUTORIDADE: EDUCAÇÃO EM TEMPOS DE INTOLERÂNCIAS

Este trabalho busca refletir sobre a possibilidade de uma diluicao de intolerâncias pelo aperfeicoamento coletivo do senso critico como meio de estimulacao de uma consciencia social e tecnologica. Centra-se na busca por um contexto no ambiente educacional capaz de conciliar formacao, senso comum e experiencias, mediado por um modelo de autoridade construido em um possivel consenso social. Para essa tarefa, sao abordadas perspectivas de autores como Maffesoli (2010), Benjamin (1994), Sennett (2014), entre outros. No decorrer deste trabalho, buscou-se encontrar um possivel modelo interpretativo, tendo como estrategia a valorizacao do senso comum e da experiencia enquanto motivadores de percepcoes e comportamentos, em especial, na relacao professor-aluno, indispensavel na tarefa do educar para a cidadania. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento de um senso critico capaz de reconhecer a importância da organizacao social e aqui considerado potencial motivador para o reconhecimento da autoridade do educador, tanto pelo aluno como pela sociedade em geral. Palavras-chave: Senso critico. Educacao. Autoridade. Senso comum. Experiencia.
Getting Embedded Together: New Partnerships for Twenty-First Century Catholic Education

The educational landscape is undergoing a level of change unparalleled since the 1960s. The creation of ‘Free Schools’ and ‘multi-academy trusts’ (MATs), coupled with the changing demographic of urban populations and fiscal constraints, are requiring schools and dioceses to strategically address how to maintain and sustain a successful Catholic educational offer for future generations. In this chapter, we will argue that a cohesive approach between Catholic Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), schools and dioceses affords the best opportunity for delivering success and maintaining Catholic educational distinctiveness. Within a theological framework, we contend that this is realised through the paradigm of the sacramental perspective which interweaves the sacred and the secular and calls all to be ‘embedded together’.
THE ASSOCIATION OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND CORONARY PLAQUE FEATURES BY SEX: THE ICONIC STUDY

Sex-based differences in stenosis severity and high-risk plaque features have been observed in invasive coronary studies. Diameter stenosis severity (%DS) and high-risk plaque (HRP) by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA) are prognostically important, but the impact by sex is not known.
Attitude Formation Models: Insights from TETRAD

The goal of this paper is to examine the use of TETRAD to generate attitude formation models from data. We review the controversy regarding models of attitude formation in the psychology literature, and we re-analyze the data using different subroutines from TETRAD to shed further light on this controversy.
Immunoassay of pesticides: an update

Measurement of levels of pesticides residues in foods and crops most often requires extensive cleanup and instrumental techniques such as gas chromatography. Immunoassay measurement techniques, on the other hand, may be used directly on the test portion or require only minimal cleanup. Further refinements of the common antibody-enzyme-based solid-phase assays, such as use of coated magnetic particles, antibody-coated crystals, and continuous-flow devices, have extended the measurement range and applicability of these assays. Likewise, new immunoassays for pesticides have been developed, and existing assays have been refined, optimized, and more completely characterized and validated. In addition to their ability to accurately and reliably measure amounts of residues present in food and crops, immunoassays can be readily used as rapid screening methods for contaminants in field samples. We have previously reviewed much of the work in the area of pesticide immunoassay; this report updates previous information and discusses some new immunoassay techniques.
HEROES: Creating Classroom Environments, Presentations, and Activities that Positively Affect Student Motivation, Inclusion, and Retention

To help students of diverse needs learn, retain what they learn, collaborate in problem-solving, see value with inclusion, and grow in a desire to learn, teachers need to create environments conducive to active learning and filled with hope. Environments emerge from the time a student stands in the doorway of a classroom and continue through every element on display and encountered in interactions. Educators who understand they affect the environment will set the tone, present inclusively, provide meaningful activities, and do a heroic job of leading students. This article presents heroes with classic values in schools and communities through the lives of teachers who have attributes of high expectations, respect, openness, engagement, hope, and sociability, that motivates and retains students.
Introduction: Positive Psychology of Religion Across Traditions and Beliefs

This chapter introduces the current volume on the intersection of positive psychology and the psychology of religion. The chapter reviews the literature on positive psychology and the psychology of religion, finding commonalities by considering the ways in which religion and religiosity contribute to happiness and life well-lived. In considering the relation between religiosity and well-being, evidence from a diverse set of religious traditions are considered. In addition, research from different cultures and traditions are reviewed in order take into account the contributions from across the diversity of religions.
Voltammetry of Dissolved Water and the Role of the Hydrated Electron in Fused Nitrates

In the early ’sixties, Swofford and Laitinen [1,2] first reported that small amounts of water dissolved in molten alkali nitrate solvents yielded steady-state current-voltage curves whose sigmoid shape resembled classical polarograms which exhibited a well-defined limiting current domain. This phenomenon has since been referred to as the so-called “water wave” [3] and reinvestigated by several authors at mercury, platinum and gold indicator electrodes [4–6]. Using Levich’s rotated platinum disk electrode (RDE), Peleg [5] has successfully made use of the “water wave” for the quantitative determination of moisture in nitrate melts. In a preliminary investigation, T.E. Geckle in our laboratories [7] has substantiated that the relevant limiting currents at the RDE were indeed proportional to the partial pressure of water in the supernate. However, the same investigation revealed that neither hydrogen nor oxygen were produced during the electrolysis. Results of a comprehensive study of the water wave phenomenon are presented and discussed in this paper, including voltammetry at the RDE and controlled potential coulometry, complemented by analysis of reaction products via appropriate chemical methods and mass spectrometry. A mechanism is postulated, invoking involvement of a hydrated electron species, which accounts for the paradoxical experimental findings previously reported in the literature.
Nerve-Sparing Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy with Preservation of Ejaculation

AbstractThe feasibility of sparing postganglionic fibers of lumbar sympathetic nerves during the course of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy has been investigated at our university medical center beginning in 1978. We selected 75 patients for nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in an effort to preserve ejaculatory function postoperatively. This cohort of patients was selected on the basis of clinical stage. Of the 75 patients 73 had clinical stage I disease. However, 14 of these 73 patients had pathological stage II cancer. No patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy after nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Of these 14 patients with pathological stage II disease 4 had relapse: 1 with proved retroperitoneal recurrence, and 3 with serological elevations of tumor markers and questionable clinical findings as to anatomical site of relapse. All 4 patients are free of disease after chemotherapy and/or surgical (1) rescue. There were no local recurrences in the 61 patients with negative...
Regulation of the Pulmonary Circulation

Individual investigations have shown that a wide variety of factors influence the pulmonary circulation. These factors include mechanical ventilation, hydration, cardiac output, pH, PCO2,PO2, age, sex, and many drugs and diseases. In practice, however, the changes are often quite subtle and this paradox between the expected changes and the apparent observed outcome can be understood by the recognition of two basic peculiarities of the pulmonary circuit. The first is the fact that the pulmonary circuit is quite unlike the systemic circulation in almost every way (1), it is a high conductance (low resistance), low pressure, high flow system. Large changes in flows can be accommodated with small changes in pressure and conversely small changes in pressure or vascular conductance can represent large changes in physiological or pathophysiological conditions. A 5 mmHg change in blood pressure, which in the systemic circulation would be trivial, in the pulmonary circulation represents the pressure change that accompanies a two-fold increase in cardiac output. The second peculiarity derives from the first; the low hydrostatic pressure, the thin walled vasculature, the presence of the alveolar gas space and the requirements for ventilation all interact with each other in non-linear and unexpected ways (2). The result has often been that the fundamental actions of a drug, disease or ventilatory technique observed in vivo are difficult to interpret.
STEM Climate Survey Developed through Student-Faculty Collaboration.

This paper presents a survey tool for assessing undergraduate STEM environments at institutions of higher learning. Such surveys typically appear in methodology sections of focused, hypothesis-driv...
Inhibitory Hypothalamic Control of Thyroid Gland Activity in the Goldfish, Carrassius auratus*

Ball et al. (1963, 1965) found that Poecilia formosa with an ectopic pituitary homotransplant were hyperthyroid, which suggests that the hypothalamus normally inhibits the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Johansen (1967) also found that goldfish, Carassius auratus, with an autotransplanted pituitary were hyperthyroid.
Climate risk assessments and science‐based targets: A review of emerging private sector climate action tools

With the retreat of the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement, the campaign to enroll corporations and other private sector actors into the climate governing arena has accelerated. The tools used by such actors in addressing climate change are similarly expanding. While carbon footprints and carbon offsets have been previously underscored as the chief climate action tools to date, climate risk assessments and science‐based targets have been proposed as new quantitative tools to mobilize corporate action against climate change. This article presents a review of these two tools, arguing for more comprehensive and sustained scholarly investigation into each. Following overviews on the early developments of each tool, related academic research is considered in an effort to point toward future research priorities. These priorities emphasize generating empirical data around each tool's origins, diffusion, and impacts (social, economic, and environmental) so that more robust academic debates might occur on the role of science‐based targets and climate risk assessments in advancing effective polycentric climate governance. This article is categorized under: Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change
Biotransformation and Potential Adverse Effects of Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticles

Rare earth elements, also known as lanthanides, consist of 17 rare earth elements including cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and yttrium (Y). They are useful at the nanoscale in a variety of industrial applications due to their magnetic, optical, and electronic properties. Furthermore, rare earth elements can be doped onto a host lattice to combine and harness their luminescence properties to enhance efficiency, which is called upconversion used in bioimaging. This chapter explores the biotransformation, translocation, and potential adverse effects of rare earth nanomaterials in plants and animals. Biotransformation occurs via a biochemical modification by living organisms or the ambient environmental media that can modify the toxicity and influence the fate of the material in the organism.
28 Days Later: New Internet Users in Brazil and India Try a Lite Smartphone for a Month

As mobile internet growth continues to bring New Internet Users (NIUs) online, technology has adapted to fit this user segment. User barriers like devices and connectivity have declined as mobile phone prices have become more affordable and infrastructure has continued to develop, connecting more communities globally. App development has also evolved to better suit users on low-cost Android devices. Lite apps have entered the space as a solution for users in constrained environments. While there are many benefits to lite app designs, their effectiveness is unclear for their likely target beneficiaries: NIUs coming online. In this mixed-method study we explore the experience for NIUs trying out a smartphone with lite apps for a month in Brazil and India (n=62). We conducted this research by collecting diary data and follow-up in-person interviews. Results found that three phases of challenges occurred in the first 28 days with a lite smartphone: 1) getting started with accounts, 2) learning how to use the mobile platform and apps, and 3) meeting expectations and mastering the internet. Through understanding the friction points in each phase, insights surfaced design principles for future NIU technology.
Embedding gene sets in low-dimensional space

An important task in system biology is to understand cellular processes through the lens of gene sets and their expression patterns. Machine learning can help, but genes form complex interaction networks, and levarging this information in machine learning applications requires a sophisticated data representation.
Pulmonary Macrophage Cell Death in Lung Health and Disease.

Over the last several decades, our understanding of regulated-cell-death (RCD) pathways has increased dramatically. In addition to apoptosis and accidental cell death (primary necrosis), a diverse ...
Adolescent electronic cigarette counselling: knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers among clinical staff in a primary care setting.

Objective To assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers (KAP) regarding e-cigarette use counselling among adolescent healthcare clinical staff in an urban system, and to compare results between providers and rooming staff. Methods Primary care clinical staff (n = 169) completed an anonymous survey. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to summarize data and compare KAP between medical providers and rooming staff. Results Staff wanted to learn more about e-cigarettes (87.6%). The most common knowledge deficits were how to use the 5As + 5Rs model for tobacco cessation counselling (66.7%) and the chemical content of e-liquids (55.4%), with no differences across groups. Overall, 58% of providers expressed confidence in their ability to talk with adolescent patients about e-cigarette use. The most common barriers to counselling were low knowledge about e-cigarettes (74.0%) and how to refer adolescent patients for cessation support (43.8%). Conclusions Provider and rooming staff expressed similar educational needs surrounding e-cigarettes, counselling, and treatment for adolescent patients. Clinical staff expressed confidence in their ability to affect change. There were no differences in the identified knowledge gaps or barriers to care between rooming staff and providers, suggesting that the same educational format can be used to target both groups.
HbA 1c Performance in African Descent Populations in the United States With Normal Glucose Tolerance, Prediabetes, or Diabetes: A Scoping Review

INTRODUCTION African descent populations in the United States have high rates of type 2 diabetes and are incorrectly represented as a single group. Current glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) cutoffs (5.7% to <6.5% for prediabetes; ≥6.5% for type 2 diabetes) may perform suboptimally in evaluating glycemic status among African descent groups. We conducted a scoping review of US-based evidence documenting HbA1c performance to assess glycemic status among African American, Afro-Caribbean, and African people. METHODS A PubMed, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) search (January 2020) yielded 3,238 articles published from January 2000 through January 2020. After review of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 12 met our criteria. HbA1c results were compared with other ethnic groups or validated against the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), or previous diagnosis. We classified study results by the risk of false positives and risk of false negatives in assessing glycemic status. RESULTS In 5 studies of African American people, the HbA1c test increased risk of false positives compared with White populations, regardless of glycemic status. Three studies of African Americans found that HbA1c of 5.7% to less than 6.5% or HbA1c of 6.5% or higher generally increased risk of overdiagnosis compared with OGTT or previous diagnosis. In one study of Afro-Caribbean people, HbA1c of 6.5% or higher detected fewer type 2 diabetes cases because of a greater risk of false negatives. Compared with OGTT, HbA1c tests in 4 studies of Africans found that HbA1c of 5.7% to less than 6.5% or HbA1c of 6.5% or higher leads to underdiagnosis. CONCLUSION HbA1c criteria inadequately characterizes glycemic status among heterogeneous African descent populations. Research is needed to determine optimal HbA1c cutoffs or other test strategies that account for risk profiles unique to African American, Afro-Caribbean, and African people living in the United States.
Fever, Vomiting, and Abdominal Pain in a 9-year-old Boy.

1. Sarah M. Chen, MD* 2. Alece Andrew, DO† 3. Benjamin Weiner‡ 4. Guliz Erdem, MD* 1. *Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 2. †OhioHealth Grant Family Medicine, Columbus, OH 3. ‡The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH A previously healthy 9-year-old boy presents with 2 days of fever, nonbloody and nonbilious emesis, abdominal pain, headaches, and generalized myalgia. The patient recently fished in several creeks and lakes in Ohio and owns a pet dog, but he denies water ingestion, tick bites, contact with farm animals or reptiles, or travel out of state. He has no known coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposures. His brother was recently ill with similar symptoms but has since recovered. There is a remote family history of lupus and celiac disease. Physical examination reveals a well-appearing child who is febrile to 103.1°F (39.5°C), with a heart rate of 98 beats/min, respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min, and blood pressure of 115/69 mm Hg. He is tender in the right upper quadrant without guarding, rebound, or hepatosplenomegaly. He also has mild tenderness of his quadriceps muscles, but no extremity swelling or joint pain. His skin examination reveals several scabbed insect bites on his ankles without surrounding erythema, drainage, fluctuance, or induration. Initial laboratory studies are notable for pancytopenia with a white blood cell count of 2,900/μL (2.9 × 109/L) (reference range, 5,000–14,500/μL [5–14.5 × 109/L] with a segmented neutrophil predominance of 77.8%, a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL (110 g/L) (reference range, 11.5–15.5 g/dL [115–155 g/L]), a platelet count of 132 × 103/μL (132 × 109/L) (reference range, 140–440 × 103/μL [140–440 × 109/L]), mild hyponatremia with a sodium level of 133 mEq/L (133 mmol/L) (reference range, 135–145 mEq/L [135–145 mmol/L]), and a mildly elevated creatinine level for age at 0.74 mg/dL (65.42 µmol/L) (reference range, 0.3–0.6 mg/dL [26.52–53.04 µmol/L]). Aspartate aminotransferase (reference range, 15–50 U/L [0.25–0.83 µkat/L]) and alanine aminotransferase (reference range, <40 U/L [<0.67 µkat/L]) levels are elevated to 105 U/L (1.75 µkat/L) and 120 U/L (2.0 µkat/L), respectively. His inflammatory markers are also …
Changes in terrestrial natural radiation levels over the history of life

Publisher Summary Changes in background radiation levels, atmospheric oxygen concentrations, and other environmental mutagens through geologic time may have influenced the manner in that modern organisms respond to DNA damage. In particular, changes in oxygen concentrations also affect rates of radiogenic DNA damage because of oxygen's role in enhancing radiation damage. Such changes may have influenced evolution for a wide variety of organisms. The specific environment in that ancient organisms lived (e.g., aerobic vs. anaerobic or photic zone vs. deep marine) likely affected their DNA damage rate and, hence, their individual exposures to DNA-damaging agents at times in the past. However, to fully assess what capabilities current repair mechanisms possess, it is necessary to develop a more complete understanding of the environment in that they have evolved since first appearing in the most ancient ancestors. For that reason, it is possible that the change in natural radiation levels through the history of life on Earth may help in better understanding the ability of modern organisms to repair mutations due to exposure to background or anthropogenic radiation.
All-atom Simulation of Amyloid Aggregates☆

Abstract Molecular simulations are now commonly used to complement experiments in the investigation of amyloid formation and their role in human diseases. While various simulations based on enhanced sampling techniques are used in amyloid formation simulations, this article will focus on those using standard atomistic simulations to evaluate the stability of fibril models. Such studies explore the limitations that arise from the choice of force field or polymorphism; and explore the stability of in vivo and in vitro forms of Aβ fibril aggregates, and the role of heterologous seeding as a link between different amyloid diseases.
Flavonoids of citrus—VI : The structure of neohesperidose☆

Abstract The flavanone glycosides naringin, poncirin and neohesperidin all contain the disaccharide neohesperidose, since, on treatment with alkali, they yield the same degradation product, phloracetophenone 4′-neohesperidoside. The structure of neohesperidose is 2-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl- d -glucopyranose, as shown by methylation studies and optical rotations. Citrus flavanones that contain neohesperidose are bitter, while the corresponding flavanones that contain the isomeric disaccharide, rutinose (6-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl- d -glucopyranose), are tasteless.
Hydrogen Sulfide Epigenetically Attenuates Homocysteine-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity Mediated Through NMDA Receptor in Mouse Brain Endothelial (bEnd3) Cells.

Previously we have shown that homocysteine (Hcy) caused oxidative stress and altered mitochondrial function. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. Therefore, in the present study we examined whether H2S ameliorates Hcy-induced mitochondrial toxicity which led to endothelial dysfunction in part, by epigenetic alterations in mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd3). The bEnd3 cells were exposed to 100 μM Hcy treatment in the presence or absence of 30 μM NaHS (donor of H2S) for 24 h. Hcy-activate NMDA receptor and induced mitochondrial toxicity by increased levels of Ca2+, NADPH-oxidase-4 (NOX-4) expression, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and decreased the level of nitrate, superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) expression, mitochondria membrane potentials, ATP production. To confirm the role of epigenetic, 5′-azacitidine (an epigenetic modulator) treatment was given to the cells. Pretreatment with NaHS (30 μM) attenuated the Hcy-induced increased expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, Ca2+, and decreased expression of DNMT3b in bEND3 cells. Furthermore, NaHS treatment also mitigated mitochondrial oxidative stress (NOX4, ROS, and NO) and restored ATP that indicates its protective effects against mitochondrial toxicity. Additional, NaHS significantly alleviated Hcy-induced LC3-I/II, CSE, Atg3/7, and low p62 expression which confirm its effect on mitophagy. Likewise, NaHS also restored level of eNOS, CD31, VE-cadherin and ET-1 and maintains endothelial function in Hcy treated cells. Molecular inhibition of NMDA receptor by using small interfering RNA showed protective effect whereas inhibition of H2S production by propargylglycine (PG) (inhibitor of enzyme CSE) showed mitotoxic effect. Taken together, results demonstrate that, administration of H2S protected the cells from HHcy-induced mitochondrial toxicity and endothelial dysfunction. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 378–394, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compensator Design for Robust Eigenstructure Assignment via Sylvester's Equation

For a linear time invariant multivariable system, this paper describes a procedure for the design of a dynamic compensator that stabilizes the closed loop system and causes the closed loop system eigenstructure to be robust in the sense of making the eigenvector set maximally orthonormal. The procedure consists of solution of Sylvester's equation and a least square problem. Both these problems can be solved by efficient and numerically stable algorithms for which standard software is available. Numerical examples will be given in later section.
Negative feedback influence on simultaneous switching CMOS outputs

Recent studies indicate that CMOS circuits exhibit nonlinear behavior (due to the negative feedback) of ground noise as a function of the number of signals switching. Electrical network formulation, modeling and simulation of simultaneously switching signals are discussed. Detailed equations, models, and transient characteristics are included. >
Theory of Mobility of Electrons in Solids

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the theory of mobility of electrons in macroscopically homogeneous solids on mechanisms that inhibit the flow of electrons; that is, scattering by imperfections of various kinds. There is very little fundamental difference between the transport of electrons in metals and semiconductors. The most outstanding distinction between the two is that in the former, the electron distribution is highly degenerate at all temperatures of interest, whereas in the latter, Boltzmann statistics is frequency applicable. The chapter also presents a resume of the statistics obeyed by electrons and derivation of the equilibrium probability distribution of an assembly of electrons, and the formulation of the Boltzmann transport equation. The solution of the Boltzmann transport equation helps in obtaining formulas for various transport phenomena such as electrical and thermal conductivity, the thermoelectric effects, and effects which appear in the presence of a magnetic field. The chapter also discusses the diverse scattering mechanisms which permit a distorted distribution function to relax to equilibrium together with the “phonon-drag” effect, particularly its influence on thermoelectric properties and the “hot electron” problem in semiconductors.
Factors Associated With Clinical-Pathologic Stage Discrepancy in Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With Radical Cystectomy: Implications for Treatment Selection and Comparative Studies

immediately to CYS. The primary endpoint was accrual rate; secondary endpoints included adherence to randomized treatment policy, toxicity, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Forty-five pts were randomized (25 CYS; 20 SBP). The target accrual of 110 pts was not met over 30 months of recruitment and the trial closed in February 2010. Median age was 65.3 years (IQR 62, 71); 42/44 (95%) tumors were pT2, 39 (89%) pts were male (1 SBP pt with all data missing was excluded). Twenty-two pts received CYS and 22 received RT as definitive treatment. Thirty-three of 42 (79%) pts responded to NAC (response data missing for 2 pts). In those allocated CYS, 17/22 (77%) responders received CYS as per protocol policy and 5 (23%) received RT. In the SBP group, 10/11 responders (91%) received RT as per SBP policy and 1 received CYS. Across both randomized groups 3 non-responders received CYS as per protocol policy, 6 received RT. Two pts with unknown response status were allocated CYS; 1 received CYS and 1 received RT. Due to high levels of non-adherence to protocol treatment policies, subsequent analyses were conducted by treatment received. With a median follow-up of 31 months, 14 (64%) CYS and 8 (36%) RT pts experienced grade 3/4 CTC toxicity post treatment (p Z 0.07); salvage cystectomy rate was 18% (4/22) in pts receiving RT. In responders, 12 month DFS was 89% (95% CI: 61%-97%) in those receiving CYS and 65% (36%-84%) in those receiving RT (HR Z 0.3 (0.07-1.07), p Z 0.06). No statistically significant differences in OS were seen. Conclusions: Response to neo-adjuvant NAC was high. Recruitment to a trial randomizing between CYS and SBP for MIBC was problematic and non-adherence to allocated treatment policy was frequent. A large phase III trial with this design would not be feasible within the UK health system. The sample size was too small to make robust statements on the relative merits of treatments. As anticipated there was a trend to a higher rate of DFS with CYS at the cost of increased toxicity but no evidence of survival differences. Author Disclosure: R. Huddart: None. A. Birtle: None. R. Lewis: None. A. Bahl: None. A. Falconer: None. L. Maynard: None. E. Hall: None. On behalf of the SPARE TMG: None.
Effect of laser-frequency fluctuations on optical bistability

We derive, solve, and analyze the linearized master equation and evaluate the spectrum for absorptive optical bistability in the high-Q cavity when the incident laser has jitter or frequency fluctuation. The fluctuations are treated as a time-dependent Gaussian process whose properties are determined by the individual laser's characteristics. With our results we can explain the qualitative results of machine simulations and provide criteria for the magnitude of fluctuations in optical bistability in terms of laser and cavity parameters.
Academic medical centers and equity in specialty care access for children.

Objective To test whether specialty clinics' academic medical center (AMC) affiliation was associated with equity in scheduling appointments for children with public vs private insurance. Academic medical centers are safety-net providers of specialty medical care and it is unknown whether equitable access is afforded by AMCs across insurance conditions. Design Audit study data were linked to data describing audited clinics. Setting Specialty clinics serving children residing in Cook County, Illinois. Participants From January-May 2010, 273 clinics were each called twice. Main Outcome Measures Logistic regression was used to examine associations between AMC affiliation and discriminatory denials of Medicaid–Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) (ie, nonacceptance of Medicaid-CHIP when accepting commercial insurance), controlling for clinics' specialty type, practice size, neighborhood poverty level, and physicians' credentials. Among clinics that accepted both insurances, linear regression was used to examine the association between wait times (days) for appointments and insurance status, adjusting for covariates. Tests for interaction terms were performed to identify changes in wait time for academic clinics across insurance status. Results Of the 273 paired calls to clinics, 155 (57%) resulted in discriminatory denials of Medicaid-CHIP. The odds of a discriminatory denial were 45% lower if a clinic was AMC affiliated (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.99). On average, academic clinics scheduled Medicaid-CHIP appointments with wait times 40 days longer than private insurance (β, 40.73; 95% CI, 5.06-76.41). Conclusions Affiliation with an AMC was associated with fewer discriminatory denials of children with Medicaid-CHIP. However, children with Medicaid-CHIP had significantly longer wait times at AMC-affiliated clinics compared with privately insured children. Academic medical centers' propensity toward serving publicly insured patients makes them candidates for targeted resource allocation, perhaps with incentives contingent on equitable appointment acceptance and wait times.
On numerical modeling of one-dimensional geothermal histories

Abstract Numerical models of one-dimensional geothermal histories are one way of understanding the relations between tectonics and transient thermal structure in the crust. Such models can be powerful tools for interpreting geochronologic and thermobarometric data. A flexible program to calculate these models on a microcomputer is available and examples of its use are presented. Potential problems with this approach include the simplifying assumptions that are made, limitations of the numerical techniques, and the neglect of convective heat transfer.
Potential Subsurface Impacts of CO2 Stream Impurities on Geologic Carbon Storage

Abstract A key impediment to carbon capture and storage is the cost of CO2 capture, particularly for conventional power plants whose flue gas is dominated by gases other than CO2. Waste-gas streams from power plants that use novel technologies (such as oxyfuel, the focus of this paper) can circumvent the capture step thanks to their CO2-rich composition (CO2>90%), but at the expense of stream CO2 purity (N2, O2, Ar, and other minor species may be present). Relatively high purity levels must be achieved to avoid compression and complications in pipeline transportation (two-phase flow) and, potentially, subsurface impacts. The CO2 Capture Project Phase 3 (CCP3) has started investigating the latter, which, in turn, inform techno-economic assessments of capture and transportation economics. Subsurface impacts of an impure CO2 stream could be twofold: (1) complicate flow behavior and reduce static capacity because of density and viscosity differences and (2) undermine reservoir and top seal integrity due to reaction with reactive species (O2, CO, SOx). Using a range of potential oxyfuel waste-gas compositions, we approached the first issue through a desktop study using the numerical modeling tool. So that we could work with accurate flow parameters, we performed laboratory experiments in order to determine the actual viscosity and density of the mixtures. Information on solubility of these various mixture components in the aqueous phase under various pressure, temperature, and salinity conditions was also collected. An important observation controlling all results of the study was that viscosity and density of mixtures are lower than those of pure CO2 at the same temperatures and pressures. It follows that a plume of CO2 with impurities, moving updip with no barrier, will migrate farther from the point of injection but will be trapped through residual saturation sooner than will a plume of pure CO2. A larger plume means that a larger area must be inspected for leakage pathways, such as faults and wells, but faster trapping means a shorter monitoring period. Equally important is that contrasts of viscosity and density between pure CO2 and a CO2 mixture decrease with depth, suggesting that differences in flow behavior and storage capacity are similarly reduced with depth. Whereas flow behavior may impact the whole field, geochemical impacts are more likely to be restricted to the well-bore environment and the near field. Batch experiments conducted in high-pressure, high- temperature autoclaves with rocks immersed in synthetic brine and exposed to supercritical CO2 with and without admixed O2 suggest that O2 may change the geochemistry of subsurface systems in ways that the pure CO2 case does not. Results of the study, therefore, present the CO2 project developer with tradeoffs in capacity, pressure evolution, and monitoring scenarios, with additional costs likely more than offset by reduced capture costs.
In vitro evidence for dose-dependent cytotoxicity as the predominant effect of low dose Ara-C on human leukemic and normal marrow cells.

To determine whether cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) has a differentiating effect in vitro, marrow cells from nine patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome and eight non-leukemic controls were exposed to drug concentrations comparable to those achieved in vivo with low-dose Ara-C therapy. In soft agar cultures, the predominant effect of Ara-C at concentrations between 10-8 M and 10-6 M was cytotoxicity with a dose-dependent decrement in Colony Forming Unit of the granulocyte and monocyte lineage (CFUg/m) at 14 days. Growth in liquid cultures containing Giant Cell Tumor(GCT)-conditioned media without Ara-C resulted in a significant increment in the recovery of mature cells at day 10 from the non-leukemic cultures (P=0.03), while only a minor increase was found in the leukemic cultures (P=0.09). All liquid cultures exposed to ≽10-9 M Ara-C showed a marked reduction in the immature proliferating cell pool, with a concomitant increase in the percentage of mature non-dividing cells at 10 days. However, the absolute number of differentiated cells recovered remained constant or decreased in all non-leukemic and eight of nine leukemic cultures, compared with cultures without Ara-C. Enhanced recovery of differentiated cells was also never observed in any culture exposed to the relatively non-toxic 10-9 M Ara-C. These in vitro findings support clinical observations suggesting that cytotoxicity rather than differentiation is the major mechanism involved in the therapeutic effect of low-dose Ara-C in acute leukemia and myelodysplasia.
Subsonic pressure distributions near a wing-fin juncture on a supersonic arrow-wing configuration with wing-mounted vertical fins

A generic supersonic arrow-wing configuration has been extensively studied to develop a consistent experimental data base to aid in verifying analytical prediction methods. One of the wing configurations studied was a twisted and cambered wing with wing-mounted vertical fins and trailing-edge flaps. The pressure data obtained on that configuration was limited in the wing-fin juncture region, and no pressures were obtained on the fin itself. However, detailed data in the juncture region and on the fin are essential to check out the analytical prediction methods. Therefore, the model was modified to provide details of the juncture pressure field as well as pressures on the fin. The results of this experimental investigation showed that the addition of a fin helped improve the wing pressure distribution outboard of the fin. Deflection of the trailing-edge flap did not adversely affect this trend. The pressure distributions on the vertical fin were generally affected more by change in angle of attack than by flap deflection. The spanwise pressure distribution on the fin itself indicated a load reversal with angle of attack.
Changes in sugar composition and cellulose content during the secondary cell wall biogenesis in cotton fibers

Two cotton cultivars TX19 and TX55 (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv.) were planted in the greenhouse and fibers were harvested at different stages of development. The percentage of sugars present on the fibers was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and the cellulose content was determined using the anthrone method. The percentage of sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and galacturonic acid) showed statistically significant changes during fiber development. The decrease in the percentages of these sugars as the secondary cell wall develops was associated with an increase in the cellulose content. It is important to point out that these analyses were done on intact fibers, no cell wall extractions and purifications were performed.
Cosmological bounds on the masses of stable, right-handed neutrinos

Previous authors have used the present mass density of the universe to constrain the masses of stable, left-handed neutrinos. We generalize these arguments to constrain the masses of stable, right-handed neutrinos which interact with strength $G\ensuremath{\le}{G}_{F}$. Light neutrinos (\ensuremath{\le}1 MeV) are constrained to be less massive than \ensuremath{\sim}100 eV-2 keV, depending upon $G$ and whether they are of the Dirac or Majorana type. Heavy neutrinos must be more massive than $\ensuremath{\simeq}(\frac{{G}_{F}}{G})$ GeV, and less massive than about 10 TeV.
Higher-level computer modeling to enhance laboratory hardware experiences

The concept of using sophisticated computer models to describe dynamic system behavior is presented as a means of enhancing student experiences in traditional hardware laboratories. These higher-level computer models include the effects of noise and certain nonlinear operations which are usually avoided in an elementary laboratory. Including these modules not only allows the student to become familiar with more realistic effects in the small-scale environment but also permits a study of phenomena that are likely to occur only in large-scale systems. The advantage is that novel experiences can be brought into the undergraduate curriculum through laboratory courses that include both hardware and computer models describing situations heretofore not possible in the undergraduate laboratory. A specific example from a senior-level digital design course is given. The initial focus is on microprocessor controller design for a positional servomechanism; the concepts are then extended to a large-scale elevator design. >
Performance and performance modeling of a parallel algorithm for solving the neutron transport equation

A parallel algorithm is derived for solving the discrete-ordinates approximation of the neutron transport equation, based on the naturally occurring decoupling between the mesh sweeps in the various discrete directions during each iteration. In addition, the parallel Source Iteration (SI) algorithm, characterized by its coarse granularity and static scheduling, is implemented for the Nodal Integral Method (NIM) into the Parallel Nodal Transport (P-NT) code on Intel's iPSC/2 hypercube. Measured parallel performance for solutions of two test problems is used as evidence of the parallel algorithm's potential for high speedup and efficiency. The measured performance data are also used to develop and validate a parallel performance model for the total, serial, parallel, and global-summation time components per iteration as a function of the spatial mesh size, the problem size (number of mesh cells and angular quadrature order), and the number of utilized processors. The potential for high performance (large speedup at high efficiency) for large problems is explored using the performance model, and it is concluded that present applications in three-dimensional Cartesian geometry will benefit by concurrent execution on parallel computers with up to a few hundred processors.
Identification of an alternatively spliced isoform of the common cytokine receptor γ chain in chickens

The common cytokine receptor gamma(gamma(c)) chain is shared by at least six cytokine receptors and plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses. In this study, we discovered that, unlike mammals, chickens possess two different gamma(c) gene transcripts, chgamma(c)-a and chgamma(c)-b. Sequence comparisons between the cDNAs and a gamma(c) genomic clone isolated by PCR revealed that chgamma(c)-b contained an in-frame 78bp insertion between Gly-222 and Val-223 of the chgamma(c)-a sequence. This insertion most likely resulted from alternative splicing such that the fifth intron was not removed from the chgamma(c)-b transcript. Furthermore, while chgamma(c)-a and chgamma(c)-b transcripts were expressed equally in the spleen, thymus, bursa, and cecal tonsils, they were differentially expressed during the time course of Con A stimulation of splenic T lymphocytes. Western blot analysis of normal spleen lymphocytes identified 45, 53, and 64 kDa immunoreactive bands whereas only 64kDa band was detected in Con A-activated splenic lymphocytes. COS-7 cells transfected with chgamma(c)-b secreted approximately 42kDa proteins. Taken together, our results document that chickens express an alternative spliced gamma(c) receptor which is larger than the conventional transcript and this novel isoform generates soluble receptors in the transfected COS-7 cells.
Failures in organization development and change: Cases and essays for learning

The article reviews the book “Failures in Organization Development and Change: Cases and Essays for Learning,” edited by Philip H. Mirvis.
Graduated driver licensing provisions: an analysis of state policies and what works.

Objective: To compare and contrast how specific graduated driver licensing (GDL) components have been implemented in different states and explore how the policies currently in place have affected state-level teen crash and mortality outcomes. Methods: The study design involved a policy analysis using methodology set forth by Teitelbaum and Wilensky (2007). Eight states were selected, 2 each from 4 different regions in the United States. Each pair of states was similar in terms of geography and vehicle miles driven per capita but differed in the relative strength of their GDL legislation. Teen fatality and crash rates in 2010 as well as specific GDL components were the variables used for analysis. A weighted decision matrix was created to reflect the comparative impact of each variable. Results: In every region, the state with the stronger GDL policy scored higher on the decision matrix than the state with the weaker GDL policy. The Eastern states (Maryland and Vermont) scored the best overall (123.9); the...
Taxonomic revision of therocephalians (Therapsida: Theriodontia) from the Lower Triassic of Antarctica

ABSTRACT We reevaluate the taxonomic status of therocephalian fossils recovered from the lower Fremouw Formation (Lower Triassic) of the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. The material, which includes mostly fragmentary juvenile specimens, is reidentified using an apomorphy-based approach. We recognize the presence of three higher-level taxa: Eutherocephalia, Akidnognathidae, and Baurioidea. The only genus-level identification is for a partial lower jaw and pterygoid tentatively attributed to the baurioid, Ericiolacerta parva. An indeterminate theriodont partial skull is reassigned to the therocephalian family Akidnognathidae. The holotypes of Pedaeosaurus parvus and Rhigosaurus glacialis are represented by indeterminate juvenile baurioids and, in the absence of clear autapomorphies, are considered nomina dubia. The results of the taxonomic revision indicate that the therocephalian fauna of Antarctica lacks endemic genera and thus corresponds to that of the Triassic Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone...