cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of the diurnal variation of aldosterone and cortisol in anephric subjects

Dissociation of the diurnal variation of aldosterone and cortisol in anephric subjects. Diurnal variation of plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentration in man was studied in 13 anephric subjects and 7 normal subjects. All subjects were ambulatory and active throughout the study except during an 8-hour sleep period. Six anephric subjects received Kayexalate® (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) during the studies to prevent potassium accumulation and increase in plasma potassium concentration. Diurnal variation of plasma aldosterone concentration with peak and nadir concentrations at 12:00 noon and 12:00 midnight respectively was demonstrated in the studies on normal subjects. Changes in plasma aldosterone concentration were not significantly correlated with changes in plasma cortisol concentration but were highly correlated with changes in PRA (P Dissociation des variations nycthemerales de l'aldosterone et du cortisol chez les sujets anephriques. Les variations nycthemerales de l'aldosterone et du cortisol plasmatiques chez l'homme ont ete etudiees chez 13 sujets anephriques et 7 sujets normaux. Tous les sujets etaient ambulatoires excepte pendant une periode de sommeil de 8 heures. Six sujets anephriques receivaient du Kayexalate® (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) afin d'empecher une accumulation de potassium et une augmentation de la kaliemie. Des variations nycthemerales de l'aldosteronemie avec un pic et un nadir a midi et minuit, respectivement, ont ete observees chez les sujets normaux. Les modifications de l'aldosteronemie ne sont pas significativement correlees avec les modifications du cortisol plasmatique mais tres correlees avec celles de PRA (P
SOME CHLOROPHYCEAE FROM CUBAN SOILS

THE OCCURRENCE of numerous spherical zoosporeproducing chlo,rophycean organisms in soil, the distinctive morphological attributes of which are not immediately apparent upon inspection, has resulted in the description of many species imperfectly circumscribed. Only recently have phycologists begun to realize that, with respect to such plants, they are in a position similar to that of bacteriologists who are faced with a paucity of directly observable taxonomic criteria in their organisms. While the study of algae in their natural habitats is indispensable and fruitful, the taxonomy of superficially similar spherical microscopic types has become intelligible only to the degree in which they have been studied in unialgal cultures. Recent studies, using modern methods, have indicated that, for the most part, prolonged observation of these unicellular algae during cultivation will yield an adequate number of morphological attributes on which to base a taxonomic system. The older taxonomic literature dealing with unicellular zoospore-producing soil organisms has been summarized by Silva and Starr (1953) and Starr (1955) and need not be recapitulated here. The most recent careful and critical studies of these organisms are those of Starr (1952, 1955), Trainor and Bold (1953) and Herndon (1954, 1958a, 1958b). These investigators have made a number of additions to the Chlorophyceae known from soil and have provided keys for the identification of the newly described organisms. More important still, they have deposited named cultures of the o,rganisms in the Culture Collection of Algae, Indiana University, so that they will be available for comparison in the future. The present paper is a further contribution to our knowledge of algae of soil.
Why Bank Credit Policies Fluctuate: A Theory and Some Evidence

In a rational profit-maximizing world, banks should msdntain a credit policy of lending if and only if borrowers have positive net present value projects. Why then are changes in credit policy seemingly correlated with changes in the condition of those demanding credit? This paper argues that rational bank managers with short horizons will set credit policies that influence and are influenced by other banks and demand side conditions. This leads to a theory of low frequency business cycles driven by bank credit policies. Evidence from the banking crisis in New England in the early 1990s is consistent with the assumptions and predictions of the theory.
Positioning the learning asset portfolio as a key component in an organization's enterprise risk management strategy

This article presents a process for valuing a portfolio of learning assets used by line executives across industries to value traditional business assets. Embedded within the context of enterprise risk management, this strategic asset allocation process is presented step by step, providing readers the operational considerations to implement this program within their organization to enhance performance improvement. At the individual initiative level, readers will recognize elements used in developing retrospective return on investments (ROIs) for learning programs.
Experimental demonstration of an achromatic photonic crystal wavepiate

We have experimentally demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D), dielectric photonic crystals can display a large, nondispersive birefringence over a considerable frequency range below the frequency of their fundamental band gaps, where they are transparent
Mutual Inhibition between Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Replication Initiators in Dually-Infected Primary Effusion Lymphoma

Background Both Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are members of the human gamma herpesvirus family: each is associated with various human cancers. The majority of AIDS-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are co-infected with both KSHV and EBV. Dually-infected PELs selectively switch from latency to lytic replication of either KSHV or EBV in response to chemical stimuli. KSHV replication and transcription activator (K-RTA) is necessary and sufficient for the switch from KSHV latency to lytic replication, while EBV BZLF1 gene product (EBV-Z) is a critical initiator for induction of EBV lytic replication. Methodology/Principal Findings We show K-RTA and EBV-Z are co-localized and physically interact with each other in dually-infected PELs. K-RTA inhibits the EBV lytic replication by nullifying EBV-Z-mediated EBV lytic gene activation. EBV-Z inhibits KSHV lytic gene expression by blocking K-RTA-mediated transactivations. The physical interaction between K-RTA and EBV-Z are required for the mutual inhibition of the two molecules. The leucine heptapeptide repeat (LR) region in K-RTA and leucine zipper region in EBV-Z are involved in the physical interactions of the two molecules. Finally, initiation of KSHV lytic gene expression is correlated with the reduction of EBV lytic gene expression in the same PEL cells. Conclusions/Significance In this report, how the two viruses interact with each other in dually infected PELs is addressed. Our data may provide a possible mechanism for maintaining viral latency and for selective lytic replication in dually infected PELs, i.e., through mutual inhibition of two critical lytic replication initiators. Our data about putative interactions between EBV and KSHV would be applicable to the majority of AIDS-associated PELs and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of PELs.
Matching of received social support with need for support in adjusting to cancer and cancer survivorship.

Background Optimal matching theory [1] posits that the effects of social support are enhanced when its provision is matched with need for support. We hypothesized that matching received social support with the needs of persons with cancer, and cancer survivors would be related to better psychosocial adjustment than a mismatched condition. Method In a cross-sectional design, sample 1, consisting of 171 cancer patients, and sample 2, consisting of 118 cancer survivors, completed measures of emotional and instrumental received support, physical debilitation, and psychological distress. Results The optimal matching theory model was confirmed; those needing support (i.e., greater physical debilitation), who did not receive it, experienced more distress than those who needed support and received it. Patients in treatment benefited from the matching of need and provision for both emotional and instrumental support, whereas survivors only benefited from the matching of emotional support. Conclusions The results suggest that social support is contextualized by the degree of physical impairment and may be somewhat different for cancer patients in treatment compared with cancer survivors. The transition to cancer survivorship may involve a transformation in the need for as well as the type and amount of received social support. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Military enhancements to commercial data link capabilities

When considering military airlift, strategic and tactical aircraft global missions and operations, there are emerging military requirements for intra-formation operations and digital battlefield operations. These emerging military requirements can be integrated with the evolution of commercial communications, navigation, surveillance air traffic management data link applications. This paper presents the results of a study that analyzed these emerging requirements, identifies resulting military data link enhancements, and recommends a roadmap for further developments.
Olfactory hallucinations in primary headache disorders: case series and literature review.

Background: Olfactory hallucinations (phantosmias) have rarely been reported in migraine patients. Unlike visual, sensory, language, brainstem, and motor symptoms, they are not recognized as a form of aura by the International Classification of Headache Disorders.Methods: We examined the clinical features of 39 patients (14 new cases and 25 from the literature) with olfactory hallucinations in conjunction with their primary headache disorders.Results: In a 30-month period, the prevalence of phantosmias among all patients seen at our headache center was 0.66%. Phantosmias occurred most commonly in women with migraine, although they were also seen in several patients with other primary headache diagnoses. The typical hallucination lasted 5–60 minutes, occurred shortly before or simultaneous with the onset of head pain, and was of a highly specific and unpleasant odor, most commonly a burning smell. In the majority of patients, phantosmias diminished or disappeared with initiation of prophylactic therapy for...
Association of Reoviridae particles in an enteric syndrome of poults observed in turkey flocks during 1988

An enteric syndrome of turkey poults, characterized by enteritis, crop mycosis, intestinal changes (pale, thin-walled ballooning with watery contents), and rickets, occurred during 1988 in 74 turkey flocks from different farms belonging to 9 California turkey growers. The flocks ranged in size from 9,000 to 120,000 birds. Pools of intestine sections from 618 birds, representing 78 field cases, were examined. Histopathological ex- amination of the intestines showed a mild to severe atrophy with a reduced depth of crypts, which was more prominent in the distal part of the small intestine. Viral isolation attempts with primary cell cultures of chicken embryo kidney cells were negative. Examination by electron microscopy of negatively stained intestinal spec- imens revealed the presence of Reoviridae particles of 58.8 to 80 nm in diameter. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results on the intestinal pools for mammalian and group A avian rotaviruses were negative. A statistically significant relationship was found for the presence of Reoviridae particles in the intestines of 10-2l-day-old birds. Of the 7 most common pathological conditions analyzed, 2, rickets and intestinal changes (thin-walled ballooning intestine with watery contents), showed a statistically significant association with the presence of Reoviridae particles. Enteritis and associated diarrheas in bird flocks ap- pear to be a syndrome composed of many etiologies. The isolation of viruses, bacteria, and protozoa from affected birds seems to play a synergistic role and con- tributes to the severity of the disease. Viruses classified morphologically in the family Reoviridae (i.e., reovi- ruses and rotaviruses) have been observed in intestinal and cecal contents and in feces by direct and immune electron microscopy (EM) in chickens, 2 , 22 diarrheic tur- key poults, 27,30,31,38,39 parrots, 12 quails, 13 and other birds 27,32 Reoviruses of varying pathogenicity have .
The effect of bottom substrate on inherent optical properties: Evidence of biogeochemical processes

Measurements of inherent optical properties (IOP) were conducted over bottoms with different substrates by use of a sampling package mounted on and operated by a SCUBA diver. It was found that in areas of low ambient currents the distribution of IOP varies with bottom type in (1) its value relative to a nearby bottom of different type, (2) its vertical gradient, and (3) its variability. This implies that radiative transfer modeling in shallow environments may need to include, besides the bottom characteristics, the bottom effect on in-water IOP. In tidally flushed shallow banks, vertical and horizontal gradients over scales of O(1, 10 m), respectively, are as large as temporal gradients over scales of minutes and cannot be separated in our measurements. However, bottom-substrate‐ related processes over the banks result in gradients over large horizontal spatial scales and tidal timescales. The distribution of IOP is consistent with several biogeochemical processes that may be active at a given bottom substrate and suggest that optical measurements may provide a useful tool to infer and quantify bulk rates of biogeochemical processes.
TUMOR LOCALIZATION AND PHOTOSENSITIZATION BY SULFONATED DERIVATIVES OF TETRAPHENYLPORPHINE

. We have examined transport, sites of photosensitization, and plasma protein binding by sulfonated derivatives of tetraphenylporphine in vitro and tumor localization of these products in vivo. Studies carried out in culture indicate that the mono-sulfonated porphyrin sensitized mainly at intracellular loci while drugs with 2 or 3 sulfonates caused photodamage at membrane sites. But the number and distribution of sulfonates were majors factor in both accumulation and efficiency of photodamage. The product with 2 adjacent sulfonates was the most potent photosensitizer; the presence of more or fewer sulfonate residues led to reduced uptake and sensitization. Steady-state accumulation of drugs with one, two (opposite), three or four sulfonates was rapid, while uptake of the disulfonated (on adjacent rings) porphine was slower. Products bearing one to four sulfonates localized equally well in vivo, but sites of localization varied considerably. Drugs with one sulfonate, or two sulfonates on adjacent rings partitioned into neoplastic cells, analogs with two (opposite), three or four sulfonates partitioned to tumor stroma. Plasma binding studies show that drugs with one or two (adjacent) sulfonates bound to VLDL, LDL and HDL components of plasma, while the tri and tetra-sulfonated analogs bound progressively more to albumin. These results suggest that tumor localization can occur via two pathways: one mediated by lipoprotein binding and leading to dye accumulation in neoplastic cells, another associated with albumin binding and leading to dye accumulation in stromal elements of neoplastic tissues.
Magnetospheric physics - Magnetic fields

A report on progress on magnetospheric magnetic fields during the years from 1971 to 1974 is presented. The topology of the magnetosphere is considered along with the bow shock, upstream phenomena, the magnetosheath and magnetopause, the polar cusp, and the tail and the plasma sheet. Attention is given to the outer magnetosphere and magnetic field models, questions of convection, field-aligned currents and electric fields, and aspects of merging.
Early results for named entity recognition with conditional random fields, feature induction and web-enhanced lexicons

Models for many natural language tasks benefit from the flexibility to use overlapping, non-independent features. For example, the need for labeled data can be drastically reduced by taking advantage of domain knowledge in the form of word lists, part-of-speech tags, character n-grams, and capitalization patterns. While it is difficult to capture such inter-dependent features with a generative probabilistic model, conditionally-trained models, such as conditional maximum entropy models, handle them well. There has been significant work with such models for greedy sequence modeling in NLP (Ratnaparkhi, 1996; Borthwick et al., 1998).
Concept questions for improved learning and outcome assessment in statics

Summary form only given. Students in science, math, or engineering classes often focus on plugging numbers into equations rather than understanding the basic concepts behind the equations. Eric Mazur (1997) developed materials to help physics teachers move students from juggling equations to actually thinking and learning the concepts of physics by use of concept questions and peer instruction. Statics concept questions that instructors can use to encourage students to grapple with underlying concepts as well as support active learning in statics classes are being developed. In addition, the questions are targeted at different levels of Bloom's (1956) taxonomy. Use of these questions in statics classes at two different institutions and initial results are described.
Clearing the Air About Stroke

For decades, air quality levels have been reported in the news like baseball scores. Scientists and political activists have warned that inhaling polluted air brings with it heightened threats of asthma, bronchitis, and cancer. More recently, clinical and population-based investigations have established an association between air pollution and risk of stroke. However, little is known about the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this link. Now, Wellenius et al . report that fine particles in the air alter blood flow to the brains of elderly people. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), found in smoke and haze, is a mixture of particles/liquid droplets 2.5 μm and smaller. The small size allows entrance into the lungs and potentially the systemic circulation. The authors examined associations between PM2.5 levels and cerebral blood flow (hemodynamics) in community-dwelling older adults. Average daily air PM2.5 levels were recorded at the Harvard monitoring station in Boston. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to determine blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery both at rest and in response to alterations in end-tidal CO2 and arterial blood pressure. The investigators found that short-term exposure to increased PM2.5 levels was associated with lower resting cerebrovascular flow velocity and higher cerebrovascular resistance. They did not observe associations between ambient PM2.5 levels and cerebrovascular responses to end-tidal CO2 and arterial blood pressure changes. In a well-designed nested cohort study, the authors used linear mixed models to evaluate associations between PM2.5 levels and outcome, accounting for repeated measures within participants. Wellenius and colleagues were rigorous in controlling for critical study covariates (demographics, medical comorbidities, and meteorological data). The authors demonstrated cerebrovascular dysfunction in the setting of PM2.5 levels that are common in urban environments and below standards accepted by the U.S. government. These findings suggest that air pollution is a pervasive and concerning risk factor for stroke. G. A. [Wellenius, et al. ,][1] Ambient fine particulate matter alters cerebral hemodynamics in the elderly. [ Stroke ][2] 6 , 1532–1536 (2013). [[Abstract]][3] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Wellenius%20GA%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23709640 [2]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23709640 [3]: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/44/6/1532%20abstract
Asymmetric zirconocene precursors for catalysis of propylene polymerization

Racemic isopropylidene (1-η5-cyclopentadienyl)(1-η5-indenyl) dichlorozirconium and the 3-methylindenyl derivative have been synthesized and characterized. These precursors activated with methylaluminoxane produce poly(propylene) with hemiisotactic microstructures. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Short-term outcomes after acute treatment of pediatric asthma.

Context. The short-term course of pediatric patients after emergency department (ED) treatment for acute asthma has not been comprehensively documented; most previous studies have limited outcomes to ED length-of-stay, hospital admission, and relapse. Objective. To describe symptom persistence, medication use, functional disability, follow-up, and relapse in these children in the 2 weeks after acute treatment and ED discharge. Design. Randomly selected, prospective cohort from September 1996 to August 1997; follow-up telephone interviews at 1 and 2 weeks. Setting. A large, inner-city children9s hospital emergency department. Patients. Random sample of pediatric asthma visits requiring ED treatment but not admission; 457 were eligible, 388 with complete follow-up (85%); final sample included 367 patients after multiple visits deleted. Main Outcome Measures. Details of symptom persistence, functional disability, medication use, relapse, and routine follow-up. Results. Results included significant morbidity: 23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19, 27) with cough and 12% (95% CI: 9, 15) with wheeze persistent at 2 weeks; 20% (95% CI: 16, 24) with decreased activity at 1 week; 45% (95% CI: 39, 51) missed >2 and 24% (95% CI: 19, 29) ≥5 days of school or day care; 17% (95% CI: 13, 21) spent ≥3 days in bed; 54% (95% CI: 47, 60) of caretakers missed at least 1 and 18% (95% CI: 13, 24) missed >2 days of school or work; and 32% (95% CI: 28, 38) of patients were still using greater than baseline medication at 2 weeks. Reported relapse rates were averaged at 13% (95% CI: 10, 17) with 3% (95% CI: 1, 5) admitted. Routine office follow-up was poor: 29% (95% CI: 25, 34) had had a visit; 48% (95% CI: 43, 54) reported no visit/none planned. Conclusions. A considerable proportion of inner-city pediatric patients discharged from the hospital from the ED after standard treatment for acute asthma had poor short-term outcomes. Conventional markers of successful ED treatment, such as avoiding hospital admission or relapse, do not adequately describe outcomes of acute care. The patient-oriented measures described here may provide more useful indicators of outcome in the evaluation of acute asthma care.
Mutations in the Sepiapterin Reductase Gene Cause a Novel Tetrahydrobiopterin-Dependent Monoamine-Neurotransmitter Deficiency without Hyperphenylalaninemia

Classic tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies are characterized by hyperphenylalaninemia and deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters. In this article, we report two patients with progressive psychomotor retardation, dystonia, severe dopamine and serotonin deficiencies (low levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic and homovanillic acids), and abnormal pterin pattern (high levels of biopterin and dihydrobiopterin) in cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, they presented with normal urinary pterins and without hyperphenylalaninemia. Investigation of skin fibroblasts revealed inactive sepiapterin reductase (SR), the enzyme catalyzing the final two-step reaction in the biosynthesis of BH4. Mutations in the SPR gene were detected in both patients and their family members. One patient was homozygous for a TC→CT dinucleotide exchange, predicting a truncated SR (Q119X). The other patient was a compound heterozygote for a genomic 5-bp deletion (1397–1401delAGAAC) resulting in abolished SPR-gene expression and an A→G transition leading to an R150G amino acid substitution and to inactive SR as confirmed by recombinant expression. The absence of hyperphenylalaninemia and the presence of normal urinary pterin metabolites and of normal SR-like activity in red blood cells may be explained by alternative pathways for the final two-step reaction of BH4 biosynthesis in peripheral and neuronal tissues. We propose that, for the biosynthesis of BH4 in peripheral tissues, SR activity may be substituted by aldose reductase (AR), carbonyl reductase (CR), and dihydrofolate reductase, whereas, in the brain, only AR and CR are fully present. Thus, autosomal recessive SR deficiency leads to BH4 and to neurotransmitter deficiencies without hyperphenylalaninemia and may not be detected by neonatal screening for phenylketonuria.
Unidirectional internuclear transfer of linked genes in heterokaryons of Candida albicans

Nutritionally balanced heterokaryons of the naturally diploid, asexual yeast, Candida albicans are produced by fusing protoplasts of complementing auxotrophic strains. Spontaneous unidirectional internuclear transfers of an intact gene linkage group in established heterokaryons is demonstrated. Evidence is presented that a transfer event (i) typically involves a single chromosome which is added to the resident homologues of a recipient nucleus, (ii) can occur equally well in either direction between complementing nuclei and (iii) may encourage gene conversion at transferred loci in the recipient nucleus. The bearing of these findings on application of protoplast fusion to parasexual genetic analysis of C. albicans is discussed.
Hydrodynamics of cocurrent gas‐liquid‐solid semifluidization with a liquid as the continuous phase

The hydrodynamic behavior of a cocurrent gas-liquid-solid semifluidized bed was investigated. A separate investigation was performed on a packed bed and a fluidized bed under gas-liquid flow conditions similar to that for the semifluidized bed. Parameters of the semifluidized bed under extensive study include pressure drop, gas holdup, onset liquid velocity for semifluidization, and the height of the packed bed section and the fluidized section. The pressure drop of the semi-fluidized bed obtained experimentally was compared favorably with that predicted by the model equations.
Consistency of contextual cues about violence across narrative levels

We focused on contextual patterns in the portrayals of television violence. Patterns are constructed by comparing contextual cues at one level of the television show, such as the macrolevel of the entire program, with the contextual cues at a more microlevel, such as the violent interaction. When the two sets of cues match on characteristics such as harm to victims and punishment to perpetrators, there is a consistent pattern of context across levels. To the extent that there is consistency in contextual cues across narrative levels, viewers' interpretations are likely to be reinforced. To the extent that there is inconsistency in cues across narrative levels, viewers, especially children, can become confused. We found more evidence of consistency than inconsistency across levels, but a high degree of that consistency reinforces the interpretation that violence is frequently unpunished and socially acceptable.
Skew Polynomials and Division Algebras

We assume the reader is familiar with the standard ways of constructing “simple” field extensions of a given field F, using polynomials. These are of two kinds: the simple transcendental extension F(t), which is the field of fractions of the polynomial ring F[t] in an indeterminate t, and the simple algebraic extension F[t]/(f(t)) where f(t) is an irreducible polynomial in F[t]. In this chapter we shall consider some analogous constructions of division rings based on certain rings of polynomials D[t; σ, δ] that were first introduced by Oystein Ore [33] and simultaneously by Wedderburn. Here D is a given division ring, σ is an automorphism of D, δ is a σ-derivation (1.1.1) and t is an indeterminate satisfying the basic commutation rule $$ta=(\sigma a)t+\delta a$$ (1.0.1) for a∈D. The elements of D[t; σ, δ] are (left) polynomials $$a_0+a_1t+\cdots +a_nt^n,\qquad a_i\in D$$ (1.0.2) where multiplication can be deduced from the associative and distributive laws and (1.0.1) (cf. Draxl [83]). We shall consider two types of rings obtained from D[t; σ, δ]: homomorphic images and certain localizations (rings of quotients) by central elements. The special case in which δ=0 leads to cyclic and generalized cyclic algebras. The special case in which σ=1 and the characteristic is p≠0 gives differential extensions analogous to cyclic algebras.
Investigation of Patient Release Criteria

In this issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine , Rutar et al. ([1][1]) describe a very practical study in which the authors monitored the exposure of family members of patients released after receiving 131I-anti-B1 antibody therapy. In the recently amended rulings by the Nuclear Regulatory
Elevated expression of VEGFR-2 and VEGFA in desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) and activity of bevacizumab and irinotecan in a xenograft model of DSRCT

10016 Background: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive tumor with poor response to multimodality therapies. Given the vascular nature of many DSRCT, we sought to determine if VEGF targeting could be effective in a preclinical model of DSRCT. Methods: RNA was extracted from frozen tumor samples (DSRCT, alveolar soft part sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma) and a human DSRCT cell line, JN-DSRCT. Microarray profiling utilized Affymetrix U133A/B or Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 chips. DSRCT xenografts were established by intramuscular injection of 20 million JN-DSRCT cells into the lower extremity of SCID/bg mice. A primary tumor developed within 8 - 12 weeks with concomitant development of abdominal metastases. Mice were treated during primary tumor growth with bevacizumab (5ug/kg IP weekly), irinotecan (2.5mg/kg IP ×10 days q3 weeks), or a combination of both. Results: Microarray data demonstrated an average of 4.5 times higher RNA expression of VEGFR-...
Radiation Therapy of Glottic Carcinoma Stage I

A detailed retrospective analysis of 81 patients with a diagnosis of glottic carcinoma stage I (T1N0M0) from 1953 to 1975 has been done. Eighty-eight per cent of the patients were male and 80 per cent of the total number were white. The majority of the patients received a dose of 64 Gy in 6 1/2 weeks. The crude 5-year actuarial survival rate was 69 per cent and the adjusted 5-year actuarial survival rate was 86 per cent. Local recurrence occurred in 12 per cent and of these 80 per cent were cured by surgery. The median time of recurrence was 25.5 months. No case of laryngeal necrosis occurred, and 10 second malignant tumors were diagnosed in the follow-up.
Hepatocerebral Mitochondrial DNA Depletion

Two novel homozygous mutations, G352A and C269T, are documented in the gene for deoxyguanosine kinase (DGK) in 3 children with hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome reported from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York; University of Pisa, Italy; University of Toronto, Canada; and University of Melbourne, Australia.
Simulating Constraint Release by Watching a Ring Cross Itself

In entangled polymer melts and concentrated solutions, uncrossability of chains restricts the motions of a given chain transverse to its own path. Constraint release occurs when the end of a neighboring chain slips past a given chain, releasing it to hop transversely. We use molecular dynamics simulations of a melt of one long, self-entangled ring polymer to study constraint release. Monte Carlo moves are introduced to allow the ring to cross itself, as a proxy for constraint release. We detect changes in topological state of the ring and use isoconfigurational averaging to find the primitive path of the old and new configurations. The difference between the old and new primitive paths measures the effect of the constraint release. The perturbed region of primitive path spreads by Rouse dynamics. Most chain crossings involve only two primitive path segments, but occasionally three or more strands participate in a single event.
28.—Textbooks in the Wake of the Challenger .

The evolution of oceanographic textbooks received tremendous impetus from the Challenger Expedition both directly and indirectly. Direct contributions resulted from the writings of the scientific staff that served on board the epic three and a half year voyage of H.M.S. Challenger . Textbooks resulted indirectly from the writings of numerous marine scientists, ashore, who studied and worked on the data, samples and specimens from the 362 stations in three oceans collected by the Expedition. The immense mass of new facts revealed by the Challenger Expedition stimulated the development of new facets of marine science research found in all oceanography texts of the twentieth century.
A Marketing Audit Using a Conceptual Model of Consumer Behavior: Application and Evaluation

This paper examines the role that conceptual models of consumer behavior can play in a marketing audit. Research employing a model of consumer decision making (an expanded version of a normative mo...
A qualitative inquiry into the community and programmatic dimensions associated with successful implementation of church-based diabetes prevention programs.

PURPOSE This study explored church members' perspectives regarding implementation of a church-based diabetes prevention program (CBDPP) within African American churches. METHODS Qualitative exploration of themes associated with planning for program implementation and good program outcomes was conducted using a series of four focus groups in churches located in the southeastern United States. Three of these focus groups were conducted with church leaders during the planning phases of program initiation and one focus group involved program participants who had realized the most weight loss and decrease in fasting glucose. Focus group transcripts were subject to content analysis. Participants discussed their views about how to implement a CBDPP within their church and how both the program and broader church community had helped them succeed. RESULTS Two broad thematic domains emerged with respect to successful CBDPP implementation. The first domain covered church functions and program integration within the church. This was further divided into three thematic clusters relating to church organization, promotion from the pulpit and program visibility, and church service. The second domain addressed the motivational and relationship factors associated with successful program involvement. This was divided into three clusters relating to individuals' motives and beliefs, learning from others, and the support of others. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a CBDPP depends on the endorsement by the church leadership, congregational awareness of the program objectives, and active community and program support of CBDPP participants. These occur through a variety of formal and informal channels within the church community.
Persistence and Bioactivity of Encapsulated and Emulsified Formulations of Methyl Parathion in Soil of Grape Vineyards Infested with the Grape Root Borer

Encapsulated and EC formulations of methyl parathion did not control subterranean larvae of Vitacea polistiformis (Harris) in subsurface (pressure soil injection) and surface applications at 2.2 and at 4.4 kg AI/1000 m. respectively. The low efficacy was due to lack of insecticide penetration in soil to reach larvae. Mean larval depth was 9.8±5.7 cm and no significant residue was detected deeper than 7.5 cm in the soil for up to 21 days after surface applications. In surface applications, no significant differences in dissipation between the 2 formulations were observed at either rate; residues of both formulations were reduced by over 90% within 7 days after application. In subsurface application, the EC formulation had essentially no lateral movement beyond 7.5 cm from the injection site. The rate of dissipation of EC formulated methyl parathion applied by soil injection was considerably slower than that of surface applied material.
Preface Quantitative Data-Analytic Techniques to Advance HRD Theory and Practice

The ProblemIncreasingly sophisticated research designs and methods are required to support research and theory building in the social sciences. This is particularly true in human resource developme...
Food defendability and antipredator tactics: implications for dominance and pairing in Canvasbacks

Etude des agressions alimentaires chez Aythya valisineria au cours des migrations de printemps et d'hiver dans divers habitats de Caroline du Nord et facteurs affectant le cout et le benefice du maintien des couples en dehors de la reproduction
A Reflective Strategy for Writing Across the Curriculum: Situating WAC as a Moral and Civic Duty

Two recent books on writing across the curriculum—The WAC Casebook: Scenes for Faculty Reflection and Program Development and WAC for the New Millennium: Strategies for Continuing Writing-Across-the-Curriculum Programs—provide two operative words that are vital to any discussion of WAC: “reflection” and “strategy.” As Chris Anson contends, “We do not always find opportunities to reflect on the teaching process, even though it makes up an important part of our professional lives [...] But such investigations work most successfully when they become public—when we talk about our teaching, share ideas, and solve problems with our colleagues” (xii). To reflect upon WAC now is timely, especially if we heed the advice of Susan McLeod and Eric Miraglia, who argue in WAC for the New Millennium, that “higher education is facing massive change in the next few decades, which could spell trouble for WAC programs” (1). A reflection on WAC, consequently, becomes dependent on particular strategies to keep the movement vital for the future. At St. Norbert College, a Catholic, liberal arts college of 2000 students in Wisconsin, we have developed a WAC program that complements our mission to provide for a values-centered curriculum. Our program, which situates writing as a moral and civic responsibility, has been a key factor in gaining both ad-
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infection of the endometrium; a case report.

Abstract Invasion of the endometrium by Enterobius vermicularis is reported. This occurrence in all likelihood is more common than the literature indicates, and it is probable that the organism does not establish itself in the endometrium because of sloughing of the lesion with normal menses. In the present case the lesion remained intact, probably because it was located in the basal portion of the endometrium.
A Relatively Simple Form of the Distribution of the Multiple Correlation Coefficient

SUMMARY A series is obtained for the cumulative distribution function of the multiple correlation coefficient in which the coefficients are interpretable as binomial probabilities. When N-p is even (N is the sample size and p is the number of components in the underlying multivariate normal distribution) the series is finite with ji(n -p) + 1 terms. Other series are also considered. A comparatively simple approximation to the general distribution of the multiple correlation coefficient is presented which, in particular for p = 2, is more accurate than Fisher's z-transform over a large set of values of the parameters involved.
Outer Fringe Zone

Norway’s Outer Fringe Zone occurs in six separate sections which are distributed throughout the Discontinuous Settlement Region in a complex pattern (Fig. 1). In the southern part of the nation the four sections are inland and are generally oval shaped with one axis about 55 km. (35 mi.) long and the other from 40 to 160 km. (25 to 100 mi.). North of the latitude of Namsos the fifth part is inland and linear, being 40–80 km. (25 to 50 mi.) wide and merging over the border with the same zone in Sweden. But the last part, to the north of Bodo, is both coastal and inland, has a width of 65 to more than 160 km. (40 to 100 mi.), a length of 725 km. (450 mi.) NE-SW, and also is tied to Swedish counterparts to the east (Fig. 15).
Simulation- measurement correlation study of single ended interfaces by using Signal Integrity and Power Integrity co-simulation

Signal Integrity (SI) and Power Integrity (PI) issues are the major concern for high speed design in Electronics Industries these days. Currently, SI and PI analysis is done mostly independently and even though some indirect considerations of each other might be taken during analysis, these SI and PI behaviors doesn't always sum up linearly. This results in very pessimistic designs which does not longer applicable in today's challenging and cost efficient world. Therefore it is crucial to do SI and PI co-simulation in order to achieve lower voltage, higher current and yet cheaper design. In this paper, SI-PI co-simulation has been performed on General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) of interfaces of Intel's latest flip chip chipset. This project's scope also includes lab activities to correlate and validate our simulations results. The most important of all, the findings and lessons learned from this project will also be shared. This information contains valuable and essential data that can be proliferated into future designs to make more robust, competitive and cost effective product.
Improving actuation efficiency through variable recruitment hydraulic McKibben muscles: modeling, orderly recruitment control, and experiments

Hydraulic control systems have become increasingly popular as the means of actuation for human-scale legged robots and assistive devices. One of the biggest limitations to these systems is their run time untethered from a power source. One way to increase endurance is by improving actuation efficiency. We investigate reducing servovalve throttling losses by using a selective recruitment artificial muscle bundle comprised of three motor units. Each motor unit is made up of a pair of hydraulic McKibben muscles connected to one servovalve. The pressure and recruitment state of the artificial muscle bundle can be adjusted to match the load in an efficient manner, much like the firing rate and total number of recruited motor units is adjusted in skeletal muscle. A volume-based effective initial braid angle is used in the model of each recruitment level. This semi-empirical model is utilized to predict the efficiency gains of the proposed variable recruitment actuation scheme versus a throttling-only approach. A real-time orderly recruitment controller with pressure-based thresholds is developed. This controller is used to experimentally validate the model-predicted efficiency gains of recruitment on a robot arm. The results show that utilizing variable recruitment allows for much higher efficiencies over a broader operating envelope.
63: Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Broth Microdilution and E-Test for Abiotrophiadefectiva and Granulicatella spp

Abiotrophia defectiva (AD), Granulicatella adiacens (GA), and Granulicatella elegans (GE), collectively known as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), are fastidious Gram-positive cocci that can cause bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE). Treatment guidelines for NVS IE recommend combination penicillin (PCN) or vancomycin (VA), plus an aminoglycoside. Limited studies from 10 or more years ago documented PCN resistance in these organisms, which poses an important challenge to treatment of serious NVS infections. Given the importance of choosing appropriate therapy for NVS infections, quick and reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods are needed to help guide antimicrobial selection. However, …
Guiding Organizational Culture

This chapter discusses the leader’s responsibility for pushing the leadership philosophy to the lowest levels of the organization. How can a leader reach the lowest levels of the organization in a sense-making way to promote organizational philosophy and culture that is congruent with leadership’s vision for organizational values and organizational mission? This chapter suggests an approach that functions well in linking values and mission and illustrating expectations of all employees at all levels in order to accomplish the leader’s responsibility to set tone and organizational culture, and build trust in the process.
Abstract 011: An Orally Absorbable Potent NHE3 Inhibitor Attenuates Angiotensin II-induced Hypertension Primarily by Inhibiting NHE3 in the Proximal Tubule of the Kidney

We have recently shown that angiotensin (ANG II)-induced hypertension was attenuated in mice with global ( Nhe3 -/- ) and Nhe3 -/- mice with transgenic rescue of the NHE3 gene selectively in small intestines (tg Nhe3 -/- ), suggesting an important role of NHE3 in the development of ANG II-dependent hypertension. In this study, we specifically tested whether the pharmacological inhibition of NHE3 mainly in the proximal tubules of the kidney attenuates ANG II-dependent hypertension induced by a low and slow pressor dose of ANG II supplemented with a high salt diet. Overall, 9 groups (n=5-12) of adult male C57BL/6J mice were infused with or without ANG II (500 μg/kg/day, i.p. via minipump) and supplemented with or without a 2% NaCl diet to slowly and moderately increase systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 2 weeks. ANG II alone increased SBP from 116 ± 2 mmHg to 140 ± 2 mmHg ( p p p p 1 receptor blocker (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.), completely normalize SBP in mice treated with ANG II and 2% NaCl to control (115 ± 5 mmHg, p + excretion from 157.1 ± 6.7 to 207.7 ± 8.1 μmol/24h ( p + excretion in non ANG II-infused (4.99 ± 0.37 μmol/24h, n.s.) or ANG II-infused mice (4.19 ± 0.67 μmol/24h, n.s.), compared with control (4.02 ± 0.20 μmol/24h, n.s. ) or global Nhe3 -/- mice (50.8 ± 0.8 μmol/24h, p
Governance for Space Settlements

Yes, it is crazy – and “unscientific” – indeed. But it is certainly true. Few people in the official space community are thinking about governance systems for space, and when they do, present Earth law prevails over future space governance. We focus overwhelming and blindly on forms and processes invented in the eighteenth century and still in control today.
Imaging Techniques for Focal Ischemic Damage

This chapter discusses the various noninvasive diagnostic imaging modalities that are currently available with an emphasis on new techniques and their application for the study of focal ischemic brain damage. These techniques include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and ultrasound. Ultrasound has found application as a screening method for vascular disease; however, signal attenuation by the skull severely limits its use as an investigative tool in cerebral ischemia. The use of PET in the study of cerebral ischemia has a number of exciting applications, but the availability and operating expenses of these instruments and radiation exposure concerns limit their clinical use. SPECT can provide a less expensive alternative to PET; however, the information available is limited in comparison to other imaging techniques. CT has been widely used to study focal ischemic lesions and in many cases provides sufficient diagnostic information at a lower cost than MRI, but at acute time points, MRI is superior to CT for detecting focal ischemic injury. MRI has generally become the method of choice for study of the CNS.