cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibration response of spacecraft shrouds toin-flight fluctuating pressures

Results are presented for the vibration response of a spacecraft shroud to a range of in-flight fluctuation pressures. An Atlas-Agena 15 degree cone-cylinder shroud was analyzed during the present study, and three critical flight Mach numbers were considered. At transonic Mach numbers, the aerodynamic flow over the shroud is complex, involving zones of regular attached flow, separated flow, shock wave oscillation, and modified attached flows induced by local thickening of the boundary layer. The overall shroud vibration levels for a particular Mach number were determined by initially calculating the mean square acceleration levels induced by the fluctuating pressures distributed over an individual zone, and then summing mean square acceleration levels in one-third octave bands over all zones.
Iron availability from bread—traditional versus Chorleywood

The effect of two different baking procedures, traditional long fermentation and the Chorleywood process, on iron availability from white bread was measured in rats using 59Fe as an extrinsic label and whole-body counting. There was no significant difference in Fe absorption between the two breads; the availability of added Fe (reduced Fe powder) was similar to that of FeSO4.
Bacillus alcalophilus peptidoglycan induces IFN-α-mediated inhibition of vaccinia virus replication

Bacterial products such as cell walls (CW) and peptidoglycan (PGN) are known to activate macrophages and NK cells during microbial infections. In this report, we demonstrated that whole CW and PGN of four Gram-positive bacteria are capable of enhancing the anti-poxviral activity of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Among the major Bacillus alcalophilus CW components, PGN contributes the most to antiviral activity and induces remarkably higher levels of IFN-α. Anti-IFN-α/β antibody, but not anti-IFN-γ, anti-IFN-γ receptor, or anti-IL-12, reversed the PGN-induced inhibition of vaccinia virus replication and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. Our data thus suggest that PGN induce antiviral activity through IFN-α and to a lesser extent, through NO production.
Freebies and moonlighting in local TV news: Perceptions of news directors

Television news directors were questioned about their interpretations and implementation of new Radio‐Television News Directors Association (RTNDA) guidelines covering potential conflicts of interest such as moonlighting and acceptance of freebies. Nearly half responded that accepting gifts of value is prohibited, but that moonlighting is more acceptable, under certain conditions. Freebies appear most acceptable when they make possible coverage of otherwise inaccessible areas.
Reactive bulk assimilation: A model for crust-mantle mixing in silicic magmas

Bulk assimilation of small (millimeters to ∼1 km) fragments of crust—driven and (ultimately) masked by reactions during xenolith melting and magma crystallization—is an important mechanism for crust-mantle mixing. Xenoliths containing mica or amphibole undergo dehydration melting when incorporated into a host magma, yielding mainly plagioclase, pyroxene, Fe-Ti oxides, and hydrous melt. The xenolith is physically compromised by partial melting and begins to disintegrate; xenolithic melt and crystals are mixed into the host magma. Xenocrystic zircon is liberated at this stage. The cryptic character of assimilation is greatly enhanced in any hydrous magma by hydration crystallization reactions (the reverse of dehydration melting). All pyroxenes and oxides (phenocrysts, xenocrysts, or crystals having a hybrid signature) will be subject to these reactions, producing feldspars, amphiboles, and micas that incorporate material from several sources, a particularly effective mixing mechanism. Implicit in the model is a reduced energy penalty for bulk assimilation—much of the assimilant remains in solid form—compared to melt-assimilation models. A large role for bulk assimilation supports stoping as a credible mechanism for the ascent of magmas. While the assimilation of low-density crust and concomitant fractionation provide the isostatic impetus for ascent, the wholesale incorporation and processing of crustal rocks in the magma chamber helps create the room for ascent.
A New Approach to Researching the Etiology of Cannabis Use Disorder: Integrating Transmissible and Nontransmissible Risk Within a Developmental Framework

ABSTRACT. Rapidly occurring changes in law enforcement and licensing of retail outlets to sell marijuana raises the prospect that the population of consumers will expand and accordingly the prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) will increase. This report presents a novel approach to researching CUD etiology joining multivariate and ontogenetic perspectives. CUD is conceptualized as a developmental outcome consisting of transmissible (intergenerational) and nontransmissible components. Partitioning the liability for CUD into these 2 dimensions enables implementing interventions targeted at the particular source and severity of risk. In addition, results showing that infant temperament disturbances predict transmissible risk leading to CUD 2 decades later underscore the importance of implementing early prevention.
Microscopy with UV surface excitation (MUSE) for slide-free histology and pathology imaging

A novel microscopy method that takes advantage of shallow photon penetration using ultraviolet-range excitation and exogenous fluorescent stains is described. This approach exploits the intrinsic optical sectioning function when exciting tissue fluorescence from superficial layers to generate images similar to those obtainable from a physically thinsectioned tissue specimen. UV light in the spectral range from roughly 240-275 nm penetrates only a few microns into the surface of biological specimens, thus eliminating out-of-focus signals that would otherwise arise from deeper tissue layers. Furthermore, UV excitation can be used to simultaneously excite fluorophores emitting across a wide spectral range. The sectioning property of the UV light (as opposed to more conventional illumination in the visible range) removes the need for physical or more elaborate optical sectioning approaches, such as confocal, nonlinear or coherent tomographic methods, to generate acceptable axial resolution. Using a tunable laser, we investigated the effect of excitation wavelength in the 230-350 nm spectral range on excitation depth. The results reveal an optimal wavelength range and suggest that this method can be a fast and reliable approach for rapid imaging of tissue specimens. Some of this range is addressable by currently available and relatively inexpensive LED light sources. MUSE may prove to be a good alternative to conventional, time-consuming, histopathology procedures.
Scaling variational approach to non-confining potentials: The gaussian well

Abstract The scaling variational method is applied to a model potential, the gaussian well, supporting only a finite member of bound states.
New Teachers, High-Stakes Diversity, and the Performance-Based Conundrum

This article explores the impact of high-stakes gate-keeping assessments (of both K-12 students and new teachers) on teacher development of equitable teaching practices. Drawing from two studies of field experiences in Washington State—one of teacher interns and one of cooperating teachers—findings include that state level policies in response to NCLB may actually be decreasing teacher attention to closing the achievement gap. Further, the article explores how even progressive performance-based standards—when administered “globalistically”—are generally ineffective. After discussing university complicity in exacerbating the problem, the paper concludes with ways policymakers may shift their attention from creating complicated rubrics to promoting relationships that support pedagogical change.
Mediation of resonance energy transfer by a third molecule

The influence of a third molecule on the rate of resonance energy transfer is studied using diagrammatic perturbation theory within the framework of molecular quantum electrodynamics. Two distinct mechanisms are identified. One corresponds to direct transfer between donor and acceptor while the other involves relay of energy by the third species. Fermi Golden rule transition rates valid for all separation distances beyond wave function overlap are evaluated for these two processes as well as for the interference term between direct and indirect exchange, thereby extending previous work which was limited to the near-zone only. Short- and long-range limits are also obtained in each case. It is found that in the near-zone the indirect rate contribution exhibits inverse sixth power dependence on relative distances of emitter and absorber relative to the third body, in contrast to its far-zone counterpart, which exhibits inverse square behavior. The interference term, however, displays inverse cubic dependence on all three distance vectors at short-range and inverse behavior in the far-zone. Interestingly, for a collinear arrangement of the three molecules in the near-zone, the interference term is negative, reducing the overall rate of energy transfer. The results obtained are interpreted in terms of microscopic and macroscopic pictures of transfer occurring within a surrounding medium.
Comparative effect of angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotropin, and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on cytosolic calcium in rat adrenal cells.

The present study compares changes in cytosolic calcium and steroidogenesis when rat adrenal cells are stimulated with potassium (K+), angiotensin II (All), ACTH, and Bu)2cAMP (cAMP). The calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye, quin 2, was used to determine cytosolic calcium concentrations. K+ and All both induced parallel increases in cytosolic calcium and aldosterone output. Removal of external calcium from the incubation media or addition of nifedipine inhibited the rise in cytosolic calcium in response to these two secretagogues. Inhibition of release of intracellularly-bound calcium by incubating the cells with 8-(iV-iV-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride or dantrolene sodium reduced the rise in cytosolic calcium in response to these two secretagogues by 40- 50%. In contrast, neither ACTH nor cAMP altered cytosolic calcium levels in the glomerulosa cells, even though quin 2-loaded cells showed a normal steroidogenic response to these agents. Thus, there was a dissociation between the...
Where Water Is Oxidized to Dioxygen: Structure of the Photosynthetic Mn4Ca Cluster from X-ray Spectroscopy

Light-driven oxidation of water to dioxygen in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria is catalyzed within photosystem II (PS II) by a Mn4Ca cluster. Although the cluster has been studied by many different methods, its structure and mechanism have remained elusive. X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies have been particularly useful in probing the electronic and geometric structures and the mechanism of the water oxidation reaction. Recent progress, reviewed here, includes polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements of PS II single crystals. Analysis of those results has constrained the Mn4Ca cluster geometry to a set of three similar high-resolution structures. The structure of the cluster from the present study is unlike either the 3.0- or 3.5-A-resolution X-ray structures or other previously proposed models. The differences between the models derived from X-ray spectroscopy and crystallography are predominantly because of damage to the Mn4Ca cl...
An Experimental/Computational Study of Airflow in the Combustor–Diffuser System of a Gas Turbine for Power Generation

This paper presents an experimental/computational study of cold flow in the combustor-diffuser system of industrial gas turbines employing can-annular combustors and impingement-cooled transition pieces. The primary objectives were to determine flow interactions between the prediffuser and dump chamber, to evaluate circumferential flow nonuniformities around transition pieces and combustors, and to identify the pressure loss mechanisms. Flow experiments were conducted in an approximately one-third geometric scale, 360-deg annular test model simulating practical details of the prototype including the support struts, transition pieces, impingement sleeves, and can-annular combustors. Wall static pressures and velocity profiles were measured at selected locations in the test model. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic analysis employing a multidomain procedure was performed to supplement the flow measurements. The complex geometric features of the test model were included in the analysis. The measured data correlated well with the computations. The results revealed strong interactions between the prediffuser and dump chamber flows. The prediffuser exit flow was distorted, indicating that the uniform exit conditions typically assumed in the diffuser design were violated. The pressure varied circumferentially around the combustor casing and impingement sleeve. The circumferential flow nonuniformities increased toward the inlet of the turbine expander. A venturi effect causing flow to accelerate and decelerate in the dump chamber was also identified. This venturi effect could adversely affect impingement cooling of the transition piece in the prototype. The dump chamber contained several recirculation regions contributing to the losses. Approximately 1.2 dynamic head at the prediffuser inlet was lost in the combustor-diffuser, much of in the dump chamber where the fluid passed though narrow pathways. A realistic test model and three-dimensional analysis used in this study provided new insight into the flow characteristics of practical combustor-diffuser systems.
Design and fabrication of a 100 GHz channel-drop filter

We have designed and are fabricating a novel passive mm-wave spectrometer based on a photonic band gap (PBG) channel-drop filter (CDF). There is a need for a compact, wide-band, versatile and configurable mm-wave spectrometer for applications in mm-wave communications, radio astronomy, and radar receivers for remote sensing and nonproliferation. The CDF spectrometer was designed to operate in the frequency range of 90-130 GHz. We have manufactured a single proof-of-principle channel-drop filter. The manufacturing process involved etching the rods on a silicon wafer and then bonding them to metallic plates. The initial testing results for the filter will be presented here. Research is also underway to explore alternative configurations of the CDF, including one with metallic rods.
Organic memory devices using C 60 and insulating polymer

In this paper, we describe an all organic molecular memory device that combines the advantages of molecular and organic electronics. We accomplish this by combining C60 molecules with poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) and co-dissolving them in iso-propanol. The current-voltage measurements show a large hysteresis in the blend devices, in contrast to pure PVP devices. The thin blend films have been thoroughly characterized using Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Variational calculations with repulsive core potentials

Abstract A variational method is described which is suitable for fairly detailed calculations with repulsive core potentials. The method employs a wave function which goes over to an exact solution of the two-body Schrodinger equation whenever two nucleons are closer together than a certain distance b . The ideas of effective range theory suggest that the results should not be sensitive to the energy parameter which characterizes the exact solution, a suggestion which is seen to be valid to great accuracy in a numerical calculation with a simple but characteristic potential. The new method is compared with straightforward variational approaches to the same problem, as well as with variational procedures based on a cutoff potential, and is found superior to them both. A practical application of the new method in calculating the Li 6 structure is also cited.
Spatiotemporal relations of primary sensorimotor and secondary motor activation patterns mapped by NIR imaging

Functional near infrared (fNIR) imaging was used to identify spatiotemporal relations between spatially distinct cortical regions activated during various hand and arm motion protocols. Imaging was performed over a field of view (FOV, 12 x 8.4 cm) including the secondary motor, primary sensorimotor, and the posterior parietal cortices over a single brain hemisphere. This is a more extended FOV than typically used in current fNIR studies. Three subjects performed four motor tasks that induced activation over this extended FOV. The tasks included card flipping (pronation and supination) that, to our knowledge, has not been performed in previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or fNIR studies. An earlier rise and a longer duration of the hemodynamic activation response were found in tasks requiring increased physical or mental effort. Additionally, analysis of activation images by cluster component analysis (CCA) demonstrated that cortical regions can be grouped into clusters, which can be adjacent or distant from each other, that have similar temporal activation patterns depending on whether the performed motor task is guided by visual or tactile feedback. These analyses highlight the future potential of fNIR imaging to tackle clinically relevant questions regarding the spatiotemporal relations between different sensorimotor cortex regions, e.g. ones involved in the rehabilitation response to motor impairments.
Interaction of 1-Hydroxyethyl Radical With Glutathione, Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol

Ethanol has been shown to be oxidized to a free radical metabolite, the 1-hydroxyethyl radical (HER). Interaction of HER with cellular antioxidants may contribute to the known ability of ethanol administration to lower levels of GSH and alpha-tocopherol. Experiments were carried out to establish a model system for the generation of HER and to study its interaction with GSH, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. A standard reaction for formation of azo-compounds using acetaldehyde and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid was applied for the synthesis of 1,1'-dihydroxyazoethane (CH3CH(OH)-N=N-CH(OH)CH3). Although stable at -70 degrees C, thermal decomposition of this compound at room temperature was shown to produce HER, detected by EPR spectrometry as the PBN/HER or DMPO/HER spin adducts, and validated by computer simulation. GSH, present at the beginning of the experiment, inhibited formation of the PBN/HER signal. However, GSH did not cause any decay of pre-formed PBN/HER spin adduct. GSH was consumed in the presence of the HER-generating system in a reaction largely reversed by addition of NADPH plus glutathione reductase. Ascorbate also inhibited formation of the PBN/HER spin adduct and rapidly reduced the pre-formed adduct. HER amplified the oxidation of ascorbate, which was associated with the formation of the semidehydroascorbyl radical. Alpha-tocopherol was also consumed in the presence of HER. Production of HER in intact HepG2 cells by the redox cycling of 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was associated with consumption of GSH. These data demonstrate the use of a simple chemical system for the controlled, continuous formation of HER and indicate that cellular antioxidants such as GSH, ascorbate, and alpha-tocopherol, interact with HER. The ability of agents such as ascorbate to reduce the PBN/HER spin adduct to EPR-silent product(s) may mask the quantitative detection of HER in biological systems.
Parkinson’s Disease: Increased Motor Network Activity in the Absence of Movement

We used a network approach to assess systems-level abnormalities in motor activation in humans with Parkinson's disease (PD). This was done by measuring the expression of the normal movement-related activation pattern (NMRP), a previously validated activation network deployed by healthy subjects during motor performance. In this study, NMRP expression was prospectively quantified in (15)O-water PET scans from a PD patient cohort comprised of a longitudinal early-stage group (n = 12) scanned at baseline and at two or three follow-up visits two years apart, and a moderately advanced group scanned on and off treatment with either subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (n = 14) or intravenous levodopa infusion (n = 14). For each subject and condition, we measured NMRP expression during both movement and rest. Resting expression of the abnormal PD-related metabolic covariance pattern was likewise determined in the same subjects. NMRP expression was abnormally elevated (p 0.22). Thus, the resting state in PD is characterized by changes in the activity of normal as well as pathological brain networks.
Impact of land surface conditions on 2004 North American monsoon in GCM experiments

[1] In this study, two sets of six-member ensemble simulations were performed for the boreal summer of 2004 using the Finite Volume General Circulation model to investigate the sensitivity of the North American monsoon (NAM) system to land surface conditions and further to identify the mechanisms by which land surface processes control the NAM precipitation. The control simulation uses a fully interactive land surface model, whereas the sensitivity experiment uses prescribed land surface fields from the Global Land Data Assimilation System. [2] The response of the monsoon precipitation to land surface changes varies over different regions modulated by two different soil moisture–precipitation feedbacks. The vast northern NAM region, including most of Arizona and New Mexico, as well as the northwestern Mexico shows that soil moisture has a positive feedback with precipitation primarily due to local recycling mechanisms. The reduction of soil moisture decreases latent heat flux and increases sensible heat flux and consequently increases the Bowen ratio and surface temperature, leading to a deep (warm and dry) boundary layer, which suppresses convection and hence reduces precipitation. Over the west coast of Mexico near Sinaloa, a negative soil moisture–precipitation relationship is noted to be associated with a large-scale mechanism. The reduced soil moisture changes surface fluxes and hence boundary layer instability and ultimately low-level circulation. As a result, the changes in surface pressure and large scale wind field increase moisture flux convergence and consequently moisture content, leading to increased atmospheric instability and in turn enhancing convection and accordingly precipitation. These results further reinforce the important role of land surface conditions on surface process, boundary structure, atmospheric circulation, and rainfall during the NAM development.
Cytokine production and heterogeneity of primary stromal cells that support B lymphopoiesis

Many reports document that bone marrow stromal cells or their cytokine products can influence the formation of B cells in vitro. Most of this data comes from studies using lines or clones of stromal cells after multiple passage in culture, which could alter gene expression. Our aim in the present study was to determine which cytokines are produced by normal stromal cells under conditions that promote B lymphopoiesis. Primary cultured stromal cells were isolated on FACS from active Whitlock cultures. These cells proved to be relatively homogeneous in expression of cell surface antigens (CD44, VCAM-1, MECA10, and a molecule marked by hamster anti-mouse 8.28 monoclonal antibody). RNA from unselected Whitlock cultured adherent cells and sorted stromal cells from the same cultures were subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to assess constitutive expression of several cytokine genes. Transcripts for interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-7, macrophage (M)-colony-stimulating factor (CSF), stem cell growth factor (SCGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and occasionally leukemia inhibitory factor were detected in RNA from intact cultures. Messages for IL-7, M-CSF, and SCGF were selectively contained within the isolated stromal cell fraction; whereas, IL-1 beta was found solely within the non-stromal cell fraction. IGF-1 was transcribed by both stromal cells and macrophages in Whitlock cultures. No evidence was found for constitutive expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-4, IL-6, or granulocyte-macrophage-CSF. This is in contrast to some reported stromal cell lines and clones. To determine if all primary stromal cells from active lymphopoietic cultures produced IL-7, the isolated cells were stained to reveal cytoplasmic IL-7 protein. A majority of the cells produced IL-7, but about 20% had no detectable IL-7 protein. Taken together, our results suggest that the primary stromal cells are a distinguishable cell type but functional subsets may exist. In regard to the differences in IL-7 production, the primary cell phenotype appears to mirror at least one division noted among the stromal cell lines.
Memory for partner-related stimuli: Free recall and frequency estimation:

The role of partner schema in memory for laboratory-presented stimuli was examined to evaluate the existence of memory bias associated with partner sentiment. Highly dissatisfied (n = 30) or satisfied (n = 35) dating individuals rated, recalled, and estimated the frequency of positive and negative partner trait-relevant words. Word applicability ratings were consistent with relationship schema for all participants. Recall for positive partner-related words was schema consistent, but recall for negative words was unrelated to relationship satisfaction. All participants accurately estimated the proportion of positive and negative words, suggesting that recall is better than frequency estimation for detecting partner schemas in memory. Together, findings suggest a positive sentiment-override in memory for partner-related stimuli in dating relationships.
Subduction factory: 4. Depth-dependent flux of H2O from subducting slabs worldwide

[1] A recent global compilation of the thermal structure of subduction zones is used to predict the metamorphic facies and H 2 O content of downgoing slabs. Our calculations indicate that mineralogically bound water can pass efficiently through old and fast subduction zones (e.g., in the western Pacific), whereas hot subduction zones such as Cascadia see nearly complete dehydration of the subducting slab. The top of the slab is sufficiently hot in all subduction zones that the upper crust, including sediments and volcanic rocks, is predicted to dehydrate significantly. The degree and depth of dehydration in the deeper crust and uppermost mantle are highly diverse and depend strongly on composition (gabbro versus peridotite) and local pressure and temperature conditions. The upper mantle dehydrates at intermediate depths in all but the coldest subduction zones. On average, about one third of the bound H 2 O subducted globally in slabs reaches 240 km depth, carried principally and roughly equally in the gabbro and peridotite sections. The predicted global flux of H 2 O to the deep mantle is smaller than previous estimates but still amounts to about one ocean mass over the age of the Earth. At this rate, the overall mantle H 2 O content increases by 0.037 wt % (370 ppm) over the age of the Earth. This is qualitatively consistent with inferred H 2 O concentrations in the Earth's mantle assuming that secular cooling of the Earth has increased the efficiency of volatile recycling over time.
AC electromigration characterization and modeling of multilayered interconnects

The AC electromigration of multilayered interconnect systems consisting of TiW-AlSiCu and CVD W-AlSiCu is studied under stress of repetitive dual-pulse current waveforms at 2 MHz. By using a general AC waveform in which the peak current density of the first pulse j/sub 1/ is fixed and the second is varied from +j/sub 1/ to -j/sub 1/, a continuous electromigration spectrum from DC through pulsed DC to pure AC conditions is obtained. Although an average current model fits the data well, there is a singularity in the median time-to-failure at pure-AC conditions. To avoid this singularity, a modification of the average current model, called the average current recovery model, is developed. It heuristically accounts for the degree of damage recovery during opposite-polarity pulses through a single recovery parameter. >
Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2005

Abstract The 2005 eastern North Pacific hurricane season is summarized, the individual tropical cyclones are described, and official track and intensity forecasts are verified and evaluated. The season’s overall activity was, by most measures, below average. While a near-average 15 tropical storms formed, many of them were relatively weak and short-lived. Seven of these storms became hurricanes, but only one reached major hurricane status (an intensity of 100 kt or greater on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale) in the eastern North Pacific basin. One of the hurricanes, Adrian, approached Central America in May but weakened to a tropical depression prior to landfall. Adrian was the only eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone to make landfall during 2005, and it was directly responsible for one fatality.
DOHA DEVELOPMENT ROUND: REACHING BEYOND TRADE LIBERALIZATION

. While the WTO process of multilateral trade liberalization encounters increasing resistance, in part because the most difficult issues have finally risen to the top of the agenda, market-based forces are contributing to international economic integration. One of the most potent is cross-border production networks. This paper explores the implications of such networks for trade policies and development strategies. It argues that participation in production networks requires trade policy adjustments and domestic reforms that can and should be undertaken unilaterally and that such changes will improve the climate for WTO negotiations.
Pediatric hospitalist comanagement of spinal fusion surgery patients.

BACKGROUND: There are no published studies of hospitalist comanagement of pediatric surgical patients. OBJECTIVES: (1) To describe comanagement activities; (2) to determine the association of hospitalist comanagement with length of stay (LOS) following spinal fusion surgery DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the surgeons' log. SETTING: Tertiary-care pediatric hospital. PATIENTS: Patients who underwent initial spinal fusion surgery (n = 759) between July 2000 and October 2005. INTERVENTION: Hospitalist pre- and perioperative evaluation and management of medically complex patients (from December 2004 to October 2005). MEASUREMENTS: Log-transformed LOS and trend in LOS by piecewise regression were measured, adjusting for patient covariates and clustering by surgeon. RESULTS: After December 2004, 12% of all spinal fusion surgery patients (14 of 115) were comanaged by a hospitalist. Nine-three percent (13 of 14) of comanaged patients had neuromuscular scoliosis, and comanaged patients represented 37% (13 of 35) of all neuromuscular patients. Mean LOS for all spinal fusion surgeries decreased from 6.5 days (95% CI: 6.2–6.7) to 4.8 days (95% CI: 4.5–5.1) after December 2004. Mean LOS decreased more for neuromuscular patients (8.6 days [95% CI: 8.0– 9.2] to 6.2 days [95% CI: 5.5–6.9]) than for idiopathic patients (5.2 days [95% CI: 5.0–5.4] to 4.1 days [95% CI: 3.9–4.4]). Variability in LOS also decreased significantly for both groups. Prior to hospitalist comanagement, there was no change in adjusted LOS over time. After December 2004, there was a significant decline in average adjusted LOS (neuromuscular slope = −0.23 to −0.31 days/month, P = .0075; idiopathic slope = −0.10 to −0.12 days/month; P = .0007). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of selective hospitalist comanagement of pediatric spinal fusion surgery patients was associated with significant decreases in LOS and variability in LOS. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:23–30. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Are lampbrush chromosomes unique to meiotic cells

Lampbrush chromosomes (LBCs) are transcriptionally active chromosomes found in the germinal vesicle (GV) of large oocytes of many vertebrate and invertebrate animals and also in the giant single-celled alga Acetabularia. These cells are all in prophase of the first meiotic division. Nevertheless, many meiotic cells do not develop LBCs, arguing that LBCs are not an essential feature of meiosis. LBCs probably represent the most active transcriptional state that can be attained by cells that must give rise to diploid progeny. Polyploidy permits cells to reach higher rates of transcription per nucleus but precludes a return to diploidy. In this sense, LBCs represent a relatively inefficient transcriptional compromise employed by large meiotic cells. These considerations help to explain why transcriptionally active GVs develop LBCs, but they do not explain why LBCs have never been seen in somatic cells, diploid or otherwise. If LBCs are truly limited to germ cells, then some of their unusual features may reflect reprogramming of the genome. If this is the case, LBCs provide unique opportunities to study reprogramming at the level of the individual transcription unit.
What Lies Beneath: The Linguistic Traces of Deception in Online Dating Profiles

This article investigates whether deceptions in online dating profiles correlate with changes in the way daters write about themselves in the free-text portion of the profile, and whether these changes are detectable by both computerized linguistic analyses and human judges. Computerized analyses (Study 1) found that deceptions manifested themselves through linguistic cues pertaining to (a) liars’ emotions and cognitions and (b) liars’ strategic efforts to manage their self-presentations. Technological affordances (i.e., asynchronicity and editability) affected the production of cognitive cues more than that of emotional cues. Human judges (Study 2) relied on different and nonpredictive linguistic cues to assess daters’ trustworthiness. The findings inform theories concerned with deception, media, and self-presentation, and also expound on how writing style influences perceived trustworthiness.
The Importance of Context: Vietnamese, Somali, and Iranian Refugee Mothers Discuss Their Resettled Lives and Involvement in Their Children's Schools.

Parental involvement in schools is regarded as critical to student success in Australia, Canada, and the USA, the world’s top refugee resettlement countries. Refugees can be disadvantaged when they are unfamiliar with the practices and when their own cultural beliefs conflict with expectations in their new communities, or when they are consumed by other pressing needs. As part of an evaluation of a nonprofit US refugee agency’s liaison program, three groups of refugee mothers from different world regions spoke about their lives and connections with their children’s schools. Focus groups revealed satisfaction with many aspects of their children’s schools as well as contrasts between the groups’ needs and experiences. Differences indicate the need for the education community and other service providers to be aware of international backgrounds that bring refugees to the countries of resettlement and cultural differences that create diverse concerns of these groups.
Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation by the Nuclear Envelope Protein NET39

Recently, several transmembrane proteins of the nuclear envelope have been implicated in regulation of signaling and gene expression. Here we demonstrate that the nuclear lamina-associated nuclear envelope transmembrane protein NET39 (Ppapdc3) functions as a negative regulator of myoblast differentiation, in part through effects on mTOR signaling. We found that NET39 is highly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues and becomes strongly upregulated during cultured myoblast differentiation. Knockdown of NET39 by RNA interference in myoblasts strongly promoted differentiation, whereas overexpression of NET39 repressed myogenesis. Proteomic analysis of NET39 complexes immunoprecipitated from myotubes, in combination with other methods, identified mTOR as an interaction partner of NET39. We found that ectopic expression of NET39 in myoblasts negatively regulated myogenesis by diminishing mTOR activity, which in turn decreased insulin-like growth factor II production and autocrine signaling. Our results indicate that NET39 is part of the regulatory machinery for myogenesis and raise the possibility that it may be important for muscle homeostasis.
Characteristics of urban woodlands affecting winter bird diversity and abundance

Abstract Winter bird communities were studied in 1982 and 1983 in 32 forest islands surrounded by urban development. Forty-six bird species were recorded in these urban woodlands (twice as many as were found in residential areas in the same city in a previous study). Size of woodland, building density immediately adjacent to the woods, amount of edge, and distance to the nearest body of water were the forest island characteristics that best predicted the number of species present, explaining over 60% of the variation in multiple regression models. Equations using size of woodland, distance to the nearest body of water, amount of edge, and tree density explained between 46 and 49% of the variation in bird species diversity. Models for bird abundance only accounted for about 20% of the variation in these numbers with tree height, tree density, shrub density, distance to the nearest body of water, building density, and distance to the nearest trail being the most important variables. Eleven species of winter birds were more often found in the larger woodlands. Only the house sparrow was more abundant in the smaller woodlands. Management implications of these results are discussed.
Symbiosis Among Lixus scrobicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Ambrosia trifida, and Bacillus endophyticus

Abstract. Ragweed weevils, Lixus scrobicollis Boheman, were collected from leaves and stems of giant or great ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L., growing at the Trinity River Audubon Center in Dallas, TX. Examination of the external anatomy of the weevils with a scanning electron microscope revealed a bacterial symbiont. The results of biochemical testing suggested the bacterium was Bacillus endophyticus sp. nov.
The Effect of D-Tagatose on Fructose Absorption in a Rat Model

The main objective of this study is to know the effect of D-Tagatose on Fructose Absorption in a Rat Model. Dtagatose is the naturally occurring epimer of fructose. The study at hand consisted of 2 phases. The aim of the pilot portion was twofold: (1) verify to work out to see the extent of radiation in ketohexose that required to be gift, so as to provide without delay measurable scintillation counts in plasma samples, and (2) to validate that the procedure we tend to were victimization may determine changes within the general levels of carbohydrates with applied math significance. The second portion of the protocol commands the answers to the queries that actuated United States of America to pursue the study. Here, we tend to use the exercise valid within the pilot to elucidate the result that D-tagatose would wear absorption of ketohexose co-administered with it in associate degree in vivo rat model. We tend to additionally established the result that the absorbed ketohexose had on glycemia, or a lot of significantly, the flexibility of D-tagatose to blunt the glycemic result of ketohexose.
Laser Spectroscopic Studies of a Helium Flowing Afterglow

The reaction zone of a helium flowing afterglow has been characterized as consisting of nearly thermalized 23S metastables in a bath of ground-state helium atoms. LIF studies show that collision-induced angular momentum scrambling occurs efficiently among the n = 3 states of helium, even to the extent of including a small amount of intersystem crossing. LOG transients have been characterized for the afterglow reaction zone, and it is proposed that these signals are associated with a pressure pulse generated by laser pumping the helium 23S metatables.
RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Messenger RNA/MicroRNA in a Rabbit Aneurysm Model Identifies Pathways and Genes of Interest

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rabbit aneurysm models are used for the testing of embolization devices and elucidating the mechanisms of human intracranial aneurysm growth and healing. We used RNA-sequencing technology to identify genes relevant to induced rabbit aneurysm biology and to identify genes and pathways of potential clinical interest. This process included sequencing microRNAs, which are important regulatory noncoding RNAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Elastase-induced saccular aneurysms were created at the origin of the right common carotid artery in 6 rabbits. Messenger RNA and microRNA were isolated from the aneurysm and from the control left common carotid artery at 12 weeks and processed by using RNA-sequencing technology. The results from RNA sequencing were analyzed by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. RESULTS: A total of 9396 genes were analyzed by using RNA sequencing, 648 (6.9%) of which were found to be significantly differentially expressed between the aneurysms and control tissues ( P 2 or CONCLUSIONS: RNA-sequencing analysis of rabbit aneurysms revealed differential regulation of some key pathways, including inflammation and antigen presentation. ANKRD1 and TACR1 were identified as genes of interest in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases.
Linear accelerator surgery for meningiomas.

Object. In this paper the authors review the results of a single-center experience in the use of linear accelerator (LINAC) surgery for radiosurgical treatment of meningiomas. Methods. A retrospective analysis of all patients treated with LINAC surgery for meningiomas between May 1989 and December 2001 was performed. All patients participated in follow-up review for a minimum of 2 years, and no patients were excluded. Two hundred ten patients were treated during the study interval. The actuarial local control rate for benign tumors was 100% at both 1 and 2 years, and 96% at 5 years. The actuarial local control rate for atypical tumors was 100% at 1 year, 92% at 2 years, and 77% at 5 years; and that for malignant tumors was 100% at both 1 and 2 years, and only 19% at 5 years. Of the 210 patients 13 (6.2%) experienced temporary radiation-induced complications, and only five (2.3%) experienced permanent complications. In all patients with a permanent complication the histological characteristics of the menin...
Network Analysis Identifies Mitochondrial Regulation of Epidermal Differentiation by MPZL3 and FDXR.

Current gene expression network approaches commonly focus on transcription factors (TFs), biasing network-based discovery efforts away from potentially important non-TF proteins. We developed proximity analysis, a network reconstruction method that uses topological constraints of scale-free, small-world biological networks to reconstruct relationships in eukaryotic systems, independent of subcellular localization. Proximity analysis identified MPZL3 as a highly connected hub that is strongly induced during epidermal differentiation. MPZL3 was essential for normal differentiation, acting downstream of p63, ZNF750, KLF4, and RCOR1, each of which bound near the MPZL3 gene and controlled its expression. MPZL3 protein localized to mitochondria, where it interacted with FDXR, which was itself also found to be essential for differentiation. Together, MPZL3 and FDXR increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) to drive epidermal differentiation. ROS-induced differentiation is dependent upon promotion of FDXR enzymatic activity by MPZL3. ROS induction by the MPZL3 and FDXR mitochondrial proteins is therefore essential for epidermal differentiation.
A interpretação cristã da História (VII) - conclusão

A nossa epoca se compraz em cumprimentar-se pelo que tem realizado. As revistas modernas e as "Atualidades" divulgadas pelo cinema servem para satisfazer este orgulho. Uma vez que o homem moderno pensa coletivamente, nao importa que o proprio individuo tenha contribuido pouco ou muito para esses acontecimentos. De algum modo cada um se sente como parte da energia que produziu os feitos de que ele se orgulha. E assim que todas as coisas grandes ou enormes que tenham sido realizadas, e cada novo recorde que se tenha estabelecido, recebem universal aplauso. Avaliam-se as catastrofes e os desastres com o mesmo espirito. Em tais casos nao nos compadecemos tanto com a angustia das vitimas quanto nos deleitamos com o fato excitante de terrores gigantescos estarem visitando nossa epoca. Alem disso, por maior que seja o dano, o homem moderno se vangloria de nao se deixar esmagar por ele, e de ser ainda capaz de se recobrar do dano e comecar de novo.
Immune-enhanced phagocytic dysfunction in pulmonary macrophages infected with parainfluenza 1 (Sendai) virus.

Cultured alveolar macrophages infected with parainfluenza 1 (Sendai) virus were treated with specific antiviral immune serum and their phagocytic activity for opsonized erythrocytes (EA), Candida krusei, and Staphylococcus epidermidis quantitated. Membrane Fc receptor and Candida binding activity were unaffected by the viral infection. In contrast, the virus infection decreased the phagocytic ingestion of EA. The addition of immune serum induced new phagocytic defects in that the treatment of virus-infected macrophages decreased the binding of EA and Candida and reduced the ingestion of the yeast and the staphylococci. In addition, treatment with immune serum also enhanced the phagocytic defects induced by the virus infection alone, further reducing the binding and ingestion of EA. Neither virus infection nor treatment with immune serum affected the intracellular killing of S. epidermidis. These data demonstrated that virus infection of alveolar macrophages in vitro induce phagocytic defects that are acce...
Load Modulation Measurements of X-Band Outphasing Power Amplifiers

This paper presents an in-depth investigation of both isolated and non-isolated outphasing power amplifiers, with and without supply modulation. X-band GaN MMIC power amplifiers with 70% power-added efficiency and 2.7 W output power at 10.1 GHz are configured in hybrid outphasing circuits with several combiners that include bi-directional couplers, enabling calibrated measurements of internal load modulation. It is experimentally demonstrated that the load modulation critically depends on the power balance of the two internal MMIC PAs. Despite the additional loss in the combiner, peak total efficiencies greater than 47% are achieved by full outphasing PAs with more than 3.7 W of output power. A comparison between several outphasing configurations quantifies the improvement in efficiency for both isolated and non-isolated outphasing PAs with supply modulation.
Bactericidal Properties of Chlorsulfamates

The low bactericidal potency of dichlorsulfamate and the apparent nonexistent bactericidal potency of monochlorsulfamate counter-indicate the use of sulfamate ion as a chlorine stabilizer and sulfamic acid as a pH regulator in swimming pool water. The germicidal potency of dichlorsulfamate increases with increasing pH. It is markedly greater than that of monochlorsulfamate and it is markedly less than that of either hypochlorous acid or chloramide. Concentrations of dichlorsulfamate equivalent to 2.0 mg per 1, 4.0 mg per 1, and 8.0 mg per 1 chlorine require 57 min, 36 min, and 24.5 min, respectively, to effect 99% kills of E. coli at pH 7.0 and 20°C. The presence of ammonia in aqueous solution with dichlorsulfamate enhances the germicidal potency of the chlorine originally present in the form of dichlorsulfamate due to the chemical reactivity of dichlorsulfamate as a N-chlorination agent.