cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of syncope in the Electrophysiologic Study Versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring (ESVEM) trial

Abstract Background Syncope may portend risk of death, but which patients with syncope are at high risk remains unclear. Objective The ESVEM trial, a multicenter randomized prospective trial, provided the opportunity to compare mortality rates of patients enrolled with syncope to those enrolled with spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. Methods Patients enrolled in the ESVEM trial presenting with syncope alone (25 patients) or in combination with ventricular tachycardia (24 patients) were compared with patients with spontaneous ventricular tachycardia alone (332 patients) or ventricular fibrillation (105 patients). All patients had ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced at electrophysiology testing of ≥10 premature ventricular complexes per hour on Holter monitor. Results Of all patients randomly assigned, arrhythmic death and total mortality rates were the same for those with syncope alone, with ventricular tachycardia and syncope, with ventricular tachycardia alone, or with ventricular fibrillation. At 1 year, arrhythmic and total mortality rate for all patients was 21% and 24%, respectively; for patients with syncope alone, 30% and 29%, respectively ( P = NS). At 4 years, arrhythmic death and total mortality rate for all patients was 33% and 42%, respectively; for patients with syncope alone, 37% and 42%, respectively ( P = NS). Conclusion Syncope, associated with induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias at electrophysiologic testing, indicates high risk for death, similar to that of patients with documented spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias. (Am Heart J 1999;137:878-86.)
Rich lizards: How affluence and land cover influence the diversity and abundance of desert reptiles persisting in an urban landscape

Abstract Fourteen native lizard species inhabit the desert surrounding Phoenix, AZ, USA, but only two occur within heavily developed areas. This pattern is best explained by a combination of socioeconomic status, land-cover, and location. Lizard diversity is highest in affluent areas and lizard abundance is greatest near large patches of open desert. The percentage of building cover had a strong negative impact on both diversity and abundance. Despite Phoenix’s intense urban heat island effect, which strongly constrains the potential activity and microhabitat use of lizards in summer, thermal patterns have not yet impacted their distribution and relative abundance at larger scales. As Phoenix emerges from an economic recession, efforts to restrict urban sprawl and encourage higher density development could lower water and energy use while benefiting lizards in undisturbed habitats. However, this would likely exacerbate the urban heat island effect, and pose a threat to native species within the urban landscape.
Stratification in a Small Town: An Attempt to Replicate

(1967). Stratification in a Small Town: An Attempt to Replicate. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 259-263.
The use of microprocessors as automobile on-board controlers

The potential applications for a microprocessor in an automobile can be divided roughly into the categories shown in Table 1. With existing emission regulations and possible future fuel economy legislation, a logical first application for an on-board computer is the engine control function. In this paper we shall concentrate on this application area, and will mention only those monitoring/diagnosis functions which are directly related.
Lymphoma Involving the Esophagus

Fewer than 1% of all lymphomas involve the esophagus; however, lymphoma of the esophagus represents an important cause of dysphagia. This study reviewed all cases of biopsy-proven lymphoma involving the esophagus presenting at our institution between 1945 and 1992. Twenty-seven cases were identified. Three were primary esophageal lymphomas. Eleven percent of the cases represented Hodgkin's disease. Eighty-nine percent were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eighty-nine percent of the patients experienced dysphagia. Eleven lymphomas (41%) were located at the gastroesophageal junction, while the other 17 were in the esophagus proper
Optical trapping/modification of nano-(micro)particles by gradient and photorefractive forces during laser illumination

In this paper we describe photo-induced trapping/redistribution of silver nano-(micro) particles near the surface of photorefractive crystal LiNbO 3 :Fe. This type of optical trapping is due to combined forces of direct gradient-force trapping and asymmetric photorefractive forces of electro-phoresis and dielectro-phoresis. The silver nanoparticles were produced through extracellular biosynthesis on exposure to the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum (FO) and to the plant extracts. Pulsed and CW visible laser radiation lead to significant modification of nanoparticle clusters. This study indicates that extracellular biosynthesis can constitute a possible viable alternative method for the production of nanoparticles. In addition, the theoretical modeling of asymmetric photorefractive electric field grating has been presented and compared with the experimental results.
Striated muscle in the lung

The occurrence of striated muscle in an “extralobar pulmonary sequestration,” a typical “accessory lobe,” has been described for the first time in an infant with the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn. The few published cases of the presence of striated muscle in the lungs have been reviewed. In most instances they were associated with benign or malignant tumor formation. The simultaneous occurrence of a pulmonary sequestration and striated muscle is explained by postulating the displacement of a fragment from the lung bud early in its development. This view eliminates the necessity of invoking an additional pathological happening in the sequestrated lung in the form of a “metaplastic transformation” of either smooth muscle or embryonic connective tissue into striated muscle. While a heteroplastic transformation may occur in instances of malignant tumor formation, striated muscle in the developmental anomaly described here may well form on an entirely different basis.
Physiological and antigenic changes in Trypanosoma lewisi mediated by epinephrine

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of epinephrine treatment of Trypanosoma lewisi-infected rats on the physiology and antigenicity of the parasites was determined. 2. 2. Trypanosomes isolated from epinephrine-treated rats had accelerated rates of respiration and growth. 3. 3. The antigenic make-up of trypanosomes isolated from epinephrine-treated rats early during the infection was similar to that of ‘adult’ trypanosomes from control rats. 4. 4. Metabolic changes in the host by epinephrine treatment was shown to induce physiological and antigenic changes in the parasites.
Addition of bevacizumab to weekly paclitaxel significantly improves progression-free survival in heavily pretreated recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective Weekly paclitaxel has been shown to be an effective cytotoxic regimen for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and may act through inhibition of angiogenesis. Bevacizumab, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, has also been shown to have activity in patients with EOC. Therefore, we sought to determine if the addition of bevacizumab to weekly paclitaxel led to an increased survival compared to weekly paclitaxel alone. Methods A single institutional review was conducted for patients with recurrent EOC treated with weekly paclitaxel (60–70mg/m 2 ) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28day cycle and those treated with weekly paclitaxel and bevacizumab (10–15mg/kg on day 1 and 15). Response rates (RR) were calculated, and progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results Twenty-nine patients treated with weekly paclitaxel and 41 patients treated with paclitaxel/bevacizumab were identified. The groups were similar in demographics, initial optimal cytoreduction, stage, histology, grade, platinum sensitivity, and median number of previous regimens (4 vs. 4, p=0.69).The overall response rate (ORR) was 63% (complete response (CR) 34% and partial response (PR) 29%) for paclitaxel/bevacizumab and 48% (CR 17% and PR 31%) for weekly paclitaxel (p=0.23). Improvement in PFS was seen in those treated with paclitaxel/bevacizumab in comparison to weekly paclitaxel alone (median PFS 13.2 vs. 6.2months, p Conclusion A significant increase in PFS with a trend towards improved OS was demonstrated in this heavily pretreated population treated with paclitaxel/bevacizumab as compared to weekly paclitaxel alone. This data should be helpful in guiding future trials to determine the optimal care for women with recurrent EOC.
Gel elution of heterocyclic analogues of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from bio-beads

Abstract The Chromatographic elution characteristics from Bio-Beads SX-12 gel are reported for a wide range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and some of the heterocyclic analogues with which they are frequently associated in the environment. The use of benzene as solvent allows absorption effects to take place on the gels in the absence of hydrogenbonding effects. The elutions observed are discussed in terms of the contribution of the heteroatom to the gel elution effects.
Structural and vibrational properties of dilute GaNxAs1-x(P1-x)

We report a comprehensive analyzes of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption and Raman scattering data on the structural and vibrational properties of dilute ternary GaAs 1 - x N x , [GaP 1 - x N x ] (x < 0.03) alloys grown on GaAs [GaP] by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By using realistic total energy and lattice dynamical calculations, the origin of experimentally observed N-induced vibrational features are characterized. Useful information is obtained about the structural stability, vibrational frequencies, lattice relaxations and compositional disorder in GaNAs (GaNP) alloys. At lower composition (x < 0.015) most of the N atoms occupy the As [P] sublattice {N A s [Np]}-they prefer moving out of their substitutional sites to more energetically favorable locations at higher x. Our results for the N-isotopic shifts of local mode frequencies compare favorably well with the existing FTIR data.
Regulation of Organelle Biogenesis

We are grateful to the members of the Walter laboratory and of the many other laboratories whose work is reviewed for their helpful discussions, for their critical reading of this manuscript, and for making preprints available prior to publication. Because of space limitations, we were not able to include many of the primary references, and the readers should refer to the cited reviews for a more complete list of citations.
SMM observations of gamma-ray transients. 2: A search for gamma-ray lines between 400 and 600 keV from the Crab Nebula

We have search spectra obtained by the Solar Maximum Mission Gamma-Ray Spectrometer during 1981-1988 for evidence of transient gamma-ray lines from the Crab Nebula which have been reported by previous experiments at energies 400-460 keV and 539 keV. We find no evidence for significant emission in any of these lines on time scales between aproximately 1 day and approximately 1 yr. Our 3 sigma upper limits on the transient flux during 1 d intervals are approximately equal to 2.2 x 10(exp -3) photons/sq cm/s for narrow lines at any energy, and approximately equal to 2.9 x 10(exp -3) photons/sq cm/s for the 539 keV line if it is as broad as 42 keV Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM). We also searched our data during the approximately 5 hr period on 1981 June 6 during which Owens, Myers, & Thompson (1985) reported a strong line at 405 keV. We detected no line down to a 3 upper sigma limit of 3.3 x 10(exp -3) photons/sq cm/s in disagreement with the flux 7.2 +/- 2.1 x 10(exp -3) photos/sq cm/s measured by Owens et al.
Friction measurement apparatus for sheet metal forming

Abstract Friction at the tooling–workpiece interface is very important in sheet metal forming operations. Accurate knowledge of friction at such interfaces is needed for process design and analysis, numerical process simulation and validation and control of forming processes. Two physical models or friction simulators, based on the stretching of a strip around a pin, were developed to characterize sheet metal forming friction. In contrast to other test apparatus which use measurements of strain to infer friction forces, these apparatus use direct measurements of forces. Effects of strain, stretching speed, lubrication, pin radius and wrap angle on coefficient of friction were determined.
The acid-dependent conversion of major nuclear oligomeric polypeptides into a smaller species.

Abstract Oligomeric polypeptides predominate among the nonhistone nuclear proteins of the avian erythrocyte. Two of these are converted to smaller species by several minutes in boiling aqueous buffer at pH values of 4.0–4.5 and below. Polypeptides corresponding to the species generated by this treatment are also isolated from the cell in the absence of acid treatment. This result indicates that several nuclear structural proteins could derive from a common polypeptide chain.
SNAREs and targeted membrane fusion

Intracellular vesicular transport involves targeting of vesicles to their correct destination and subsequent fusion with the target membrane. These processes employ unique compartment-specific proteins in combination with general components which act at several transport steps. This review will summarize recent progress made in identifying such a machinery whose assembly and activity is modulated by a variety of regulatory proteins.
Embryonic stem cells in drug discovery

The completed sequencing of the human genome has identified numerous potential drug targets, which are expected to deliver the next generation of new medicines. However, for drug companies to realize this opportunity, they must rely on improved prognostic applications of high-throughput technologies, from target identification to preclinical compound evaluation. Reducing the timelines and attrition rate of new therapeutics for clinical evaluation requires cell-based methods for testing the efficacy and safety of new compounds. Drug discoverers are beginning to use stem cells as a new resource for increasing confidence in the mechanism of action of new targets and the safety of modulating their activity.
High-performance liquid chromatography-mass selective detection assay for adenine released from a synthetic RNA substrate by ricin A chain.

Abstract High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry (MS) were used to develop a quantitative assay for adenine released from a synthetic RNA substrate by ricin A chain, which contains the toxin’s N -glycosidase activity. Because ricin and ricin A chain have potential applications as biotherapeutics and bioweapons, assays are needed to evaluate potency and potential inhibitors of activity. The detection limit for adenine was 0.02 μM (2.4 ng/ml), and the standard curve was linear up to 27.3 μM. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.27 μM and was reproducible throughout this range. Reaction characterization showed that most adenine was released by 5 h and that the reaction could not be fully stopped with formic acid concentrations up to 0.75 mM (the maximum typically used for HPLC-MS). Injections were made at 2-min intervals, 10 injections could be performed before the column was backflushed, and no ricin A chain was observed in the column effluent. This assay would also be useful for ricin since ricin A chain did not pass through the HPLC column. With minor modifications to this system, the assay should provide rapid, sensitive, selective, and quantitative assessment of the activitity of most ribosome-inactivating proteins. In addition, further chromatographic and mass spectrometric improvements could reduce sample requirements and analysis times.
Mechanical Properties of Vimentin Intermediate Filament Networks

One marker of mesenchymal cells is the expression of vimentin intermediate filament (VIF) proteins, which assemble into networks. The cytoskeleton is typically comprised of these intermediate filament networks, actin, and microtubules. While some aspects of VIF networks have been characterized in bulk, their mechanical properties in situ have not been well defined. Here we use microrheological techniques to study VIF network mechanics in cells in which microtubules and actin have been removed so that VIF can be studied independently of the other cytoskeletal components. Simultaneous imaging of the network allows us to correlate network structure with its local mechanical properties.
Theoretical and Empirical Evaluation of Surface Roughness Effects on Conductivity in the Terahertz Regime

While models for conductivity in the terahertz regime are improving, there is limited data on the effects of submicrometer roughness features on conductivity. We present direct measurements of the effective conductivity of samples with periodic controlled roughness features using an open quasi-optical resonator at 400 and 650 GHz. The empirical results are compared with two closed-form models and a finite-element simulation. We find that the Mie-scattering-based model and finite-element approach are more accurate for samples that are smooth relative to the skin depth. For surface features greater than the skin depth, we found the Hammerstad and Bekkadal model to be a better predictor of effective conductivity. The observed discrepancies identify the need for further advances in theoretical understanding of the underlying physics. The empirical results of this study can be used to benchmark new and improved models of effective conductivity in the terahertz regime.
Direct patterning of conductive polymer domains for photovoltaic devices.

We report a simple approach to control the morphology of polymer/fullerene solar cells based on electron-beam patterning of polymer semiconductors. This process generates conductive nanostructures or microstructures through an in situ cross-linking reaction, where the size, shape, and density of polymer domains are all tunable parameters. Cross-linked polymer structures are resistant to heat and solvents, so they can be incorporated into devices that require thermal annealing or solution-based processing. We demonstrate this method by building “gradient” and nanostructured poly(3-hexylthiophene)/fullerene solar cells. The power-conversion efficiency of these model devices improves with increasing interfacial area. The flexible methodology can be used to study the effects of active layer design on optoelectronic function.
Influences of the N700S Thrombospondin-1 Polymorphism on Protein Structure and Stability

Thrombospondins (THBSs) are multimodular, secreted proteins characterized by a signature domain comprising a unique set of 13 calcium-binding repeats flanked by epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like and lectin-like modules. A polymorphism that changes a conserved Asn to Ser at residue 700 in the most N-terminal calcium-binding repeat of THBS-1 (repeat 1C) is found in 8-10% of European populations and has been linked to increased risk of premature coronary artery disease. The Ser substitution leads to altered stability in the EGF-like and wire modules of the THBS-1 signature domain as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry carried out in 2 mm or 200 mum calcium. Studies of the melting profiles of the THBS-2 signature domain proteins with Asn or Ser at position 702 (homologous to 700 in THBS-1) revealed that the impact of the Ser allele is similar in both THBS-1 and THBS-2. Structure determination of the Ser(702) THBS-2 variant in 2 mm calcium showed that repeat 1C contains two bound calcium ions as in the crystal of the Asn(702) protein, including the ion that is coordinated by Asn(702), and is associated with changes in conformation of repeat 1C and the adjacent EGF-like modules. The Ser substitution leads to the decreased ability of soluble THBS-2 signature domain protein to bind 4B6.13, a conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope in repeat 1C. These results indicate that although THBS harboring the Ser allele binds a full complement of calcium ions, repeat 1C is altered, leading to destabilization of surrounding structures.
Dependence of Arsenic Fate and Transport on Biogeochemical Heterogeneity Arising from the Physical Structure of Soils and Sediments

Reduction of As(V) and Fe(III) is commonly the dominant process controlling the fate and transport of As in soils and sediments. However, the physical structure of such environments produces complex heterogeneity in biogeochemical processes controlling the fate and transport of As. To resolve the role of soil and sediment physical structure on the distribution of biogeochemical processes controlling the fate and transport of As, we examined the biogeochemical transformations of As and Fe within constructed aggregates-a fundamental unit of soil structure. Spherical aggregates were made with As(V)- or As(III)-bearing, ferrihydrite-coated quartz that was fused with agarose and placed in a cylindrical reactor; advective flow of anoxic solutes was then initiated around the aggregates to examine As release from a dual-pore domain system. To examine the impact of biotic As(V) and Fe(III) reduction, constructed aggregates having As(V)-bearing, ferrihydrite-coated quartz inoculated with sp. ANA-3 were placed in flow-through reactors under anoxic and aerated advective flow. Consistent with desorption from advective columns, As(III) is released to advecting water more prevalently than As(V) within abiotic aggregate systems, indicating a greater lability and concomitant enhanced propensity for transport of As(III) relative to As(V). During reaction with , As release to advecting water was similar between anoxic and aerated systems for the first 20 d; thereafter, the anoxic advecting solutes increased As release relative to the aerated counterpart. With aerated advecting solutes, Fe remained oxidized (or was oxidized) in the aggregate exterior, forming a protective barrier that limited As release to the advective channel. However, anaerobiosis within the aggregate interior, even with aerated advective flow, promotes internal repartitioning of As to the exterior region.
Interaction of Flavor Compounds with Microparticulated Proteins

The vapor pressures of acetaldehyde, diacetyl, ethyl benzene, ethyl caproate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl sulfide, hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, D-limonene, octanone, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanone, and styrene (50 ppm each) over a vegetable oil emulsion, water or selected fat replacer (aqueous solutions, 37°C) was monitored. The five fat replacers were a whey-based and an egg based microparticulated protein, a pregelatinized tapioca maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and a MCC/carboxymethyl cellulose blend. The flavor compounds interacted with oil in a predictable manner following Raoult's Law. The fat replacers generally had little influence on vapor pressure of the flavor compounds behaving as in a water system except for the Simplesse products which had substantial interaction with aldehydes.
The Secret Garden—Epigenetic Alleles Underlie Complex Traits

Numerous studies are investigating the basis of complex traits in a wide range of species ( 1 ). However, largely absent are efforts aimed at examining the possible contribution of natural epigenetic variation to heritable phenotypic diversity. Epigenetics is the study of heritable phenotypic variation that is not due to changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic variation is often overlooked because most populations used to analyze the basis of complex traits contain abundant DNA sequence variation—the major driver of phenotypic variation—and disentangling epigenetic variants from these sequence variants is a challenging task ( 2 ). On page 1145 of this issue, Cortijo et al. ( 3 ) demonstrate that epialleles (epigenetic alleles; alleles with the same DNA sequence but different DNA methylation patterns) are associated with heritable variation for two complex traits in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana . These results provide strong evidence that epialleles contribute to the heritability of complex traits and therefore provide a substrate on which Darwinian evolution may act.
Genetic dissection of sleep–metabolism interactions in the fruit fly

Dysregulation of sleep and metabolism has enormous health consequences. Sleep loss is linked to increased appetite and insulin insensitivity, and epidemiological studies link chronic sleep deprivation to obesity-related disorders including type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Interactions between sleep and metabolism involve the integration of signaling from brain regions regulating sleep, feeding, and metabolic function. Investigating the relationship between these processes provides a model to address more general questions of how the brain prioritizes homeostatically regulated behaviors. The availability of powerful genetic tools in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, allows for precise manipulation of neural function in freely behaving animals. There is a strong conservation of genes and neural circuit principles regulating sleep and metabolic function, and genetic screens in fruit flies have been effective in identifying novel regulators of these processes. Here, we review recent findings in the fruit fly that further our understanding of how the brain modulates sleep in accordance with metabolic state.
Education and revolution in Nicaragua

Arnove presents a glimpse of the Nicaraguan educational system during the first five years of the Sandinista revolution, July 1979-84. The ...author provides an excellent bibliography concerning Latin American comparative education, and the book would be of educational value to both undergraduate and graduate students. Choice
The vibrational overtone spectrum of propyne in the acetylenic CH Δv = 4 region

Abstract The vibrational overtone spectrum of propyne (CH3CCH) in the acetylenic CH Δv = 4 region was obtained by intracavity photoacoustic spectroscopy with a resolution limited by room-temperature Doppler broadening and pressure broadening. By comparison with a symmetric-top simulation, the observed spectrum was assigned as a rotationally resolved parallel band overlapped by a hot band.
Sex Attractant and Mating Behavior in the Sugarcane Borer

Sticky traps. baited with unmated male or female sugarcane borer moths. Diatraea saccharalis (F.), or with solvent extracts of female abdomens, were used to trap moths in the field to determine which sex was attractive, how age affected attractiveness of a moth. what effect mating had on subsequent attractiveness, the time of day when most sexual activity occurred in nature. and which organic solvents were best for preparing potent extracts of the attractive chemical substance. A potent chemical sex attractant was found in the female moths. Females begin to emit this chemical soon after emergence. and are most attractive during their first 3 days of life, after which attractiveness decreases with age. Females generally cease to attract males after mating has occurred. and most females mate only once in nature. Sexual activity of moths in the field was mostly confined to the hours between 1 and 4 AM. The attractive substance was extracted by crushing abdomens of young virgin female moths in various organic solvents. Abdominal extracts prepared in benzene and methylene chloride were most effective in attracting male moths. The attractive substance was effective for only a few hours when exposed to the environment on filter papers.
Sintering of regular two-dimensional arrays of particles surface and grain boundary diffusion

Abstract The times required for sintering of regular arrangements of circular (cylindrical) particles surface and grain boundary diffusion have been evaluated using a precise two-dimensional numerical model. The influence of the dihedral angle and the grain boundary-to-surface diffusivity ratio have been examined. The sintering kinetics show the typical three stages, namely, fast sintering, followed by a stage of slow sintering and, finally, fast sintering near the point of final pore collapse. Following W. W. Mullins (1993, Scripta Matall. Mater. 29, 491), a simplified analysis assuming quasi-equilibrium pore shapes is carried out and discussed in terms of the full numerical model. By modelling different regularly packed particle arrays, the influence of initial density on the sintering kinetics is also evaluated. Not surprisingly, the densification time increases dramatically as the initial packing density decreases.
From scenarios to domain models: processes and representations

The domain specific software architectures (DSSA) community has defined a philosophy for the development of complex systems. This philosophy improves productivity and efficiency by increasing the user's role in the definition of requirements, increasing the systems engineer's role in the reuse of components, and decreasing the software engineer's role to the development of new components and component modifications only. The scenario-based engineering process (SEP), the first instantiation of the DSSA philosophy, has been adopted by the next generation controller project. It is also the chosen methodology of the trauma care information management system project, and the surrogate semi-autonomous vehicle project. SEP uses scenarios from the user to create domain models and define the system's requirements. Domain knowledge is obtained from a variety of sources including experts, documents, and videos. This knowledge is analyzed using three techniques: scenario analysis, task analysis, and object-oriented analysis. Scenario analysis results in formal representations of selected scenarios. Task analysis of the scenario representations results in descriptions of tasks necessary for object-oriented analysis and also subtasks necessary for functional system analysis. Object-oriented analysis of task descriptions produces domain models and system requirements. This paper examines the representations that support the DSSA philosophy, including reference requirements, reference architectures, and domain models. The processes used to create and use the representations are explained through use of the scenario-based engineering process. Selected examples are taken from the next generation controller project.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nozick on sen: a reply to Perelli-Minetti

Perelli-Minetti argues that Nozick's principle of justice in transfer requires, inter alia, Sen's liberalism condition (L) and is subject to Sen's paradox. It is shown here that a weaker liberalism condition LW is sufficient for justice in transfer and consistent with Sen's other conditions on the social decision function. The conjunction of conditions LW, IP, and N is equivalent to L. It is implausible and perhaps illogical that a society applying Nozick's entitlement theory will impose both IP and N, and if it does not, then Sen's paradox does not affect Nozick's theory of justice in transfer.
Robust state estimation for uncertain nonlinear systems described using integral quadratic constraints: an LMI formulation

Considers estimating the states of a physical system represented as a linear time-invariant (LTI) system with uncertainties and nonlinearities /spl Delta/ represented in the form of a linear fractional transformation (LFT). The description used for /spl Delta/ were in the form of several integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). This problem is a nontrivial generalization of a Kalman filter and an H/sub /spl infin// filter to include uncertainties and nonlinearities. While it is known that this problem can be written as a convex optimization problem using a "S-procedure losslessness theorem", the main contribution of this work is to show that it can be written as a linear matrix inequality as well. An important consequence is the following interesting physical interpretation: the optimal robust H/sub /spl infin// filter is such that the worst case sensor noise is the one that makes the output measurements zero. This interpretation was known to be true for the standard H/sub /spl infin// filter in the absence of uncertainties and nonlinearities.
Infants and Toddlers Discriminate Amount: Are They Measuring?

Four experiments that show an early ability to encode and retain information about extent are presented. We found that infants discriminate between the heights of dowels in a habituation task. We also found that toddlers discriminate between heights on a choice task in which a target dowel is presented and removed and they then choose between the target and a foil. Until 4 years of age, however, discrimination occurs only in the presence of a perceptually salient standard. Adults do not require a perceptually present standard; they can assess extent across temporal or spatial gaps by imposing a standard (measure). The present findings indicate that infants and toddlers do not possess an adult ability to establish extent, but that they do possess a skill that provides a start point for this important intellectual achievement.
3D integration technologies for emerging microsystems

The next generation of small form factor (SFF) microsystem technologies can only keep up with increased functionality and performance demands by using the third dimension. 3D integration technologies can be grouped into following distinct technology approaches: (i) 3D-monolithic IC integration, (ii) 3D stacking of IC-dies, wafers and packages, and (iii) 3D integrated packaging. This paper provides an overview on the various 3D integration and enabling technologies available in the literature as well as the associated challenges that exist for SFF wireless system implementation with optimum cost and performance.
Asymmetry dependence of nucleon correlations in spherical nuclei extracted from a dispersive-optical-model analysis

Neutron elastic-scattering angular distributions were measured at beam energies of 11.9 and 16.9 MeV on 40,48 Ca targets. These data plus other elastic-scattering measurements, total and reaction cross-sections measurements, (e, ep) data, and single-particle energies for magic and doubly magic nuclei have been analyzed in the dispersive optical-model (DOM), generating nucleon self-energies (optical-model potentials) that can be related, via the many-body Dyson equation, to spectroscopic factors and occupation probabilities. It is found that, for stable nuclei with N Z, the imaginary surface potential for protons exhibits a strong dependence on the neutron-proton asymmetry. This result leads to a more modest dependence of the spectroscopic factors on asymmetry. The measured data and the DOM analysis of all considered nuclei clearly demonstrate that the neutron imaginary surface potential displays very little dependence on the neutron-proton asymmetry for nuclei near stability (N Z).
Aerodynamic Focusing of Nanoparticles: II. Numerical Simulation of Particle Motion Through Aerodynamic Lenses

We have developed a numerical simulation methodology that is able to accurately characterize the focusing performance of aerodynamic lens systems. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT was used to simulate the gas flow field. Particle trajectories were tracked using the Lagrangian approach. Brownian motion of nanoparticles was successfully incorporated in our numerical simulations. This simulation tool was then used to evaluate the performance of an aerodynamic lens assembly that was designed to focus 3 nm spherical unit density particles following the guidelines described in Paper I (Wang et al. 2005). Our simulations show that the performance of this lens assembly is close to what is predicted by the design guidelines. The simulations also demonstrate the ability of aerodynamic lenses to focus sub-30 nm spherical unit density particles.
A Bihormonal Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes

Automated control of blood glucose (BG) concentration is a long-sought goal for type 1 diabetes therapy. We have developed a closed-loop control system that uses frequent measurements of BG concentration along with subcutaneous delivery of both the fast-acting insulin analog lispro and glucagon (to imitate normal physiology) as directed by a computer algorithm. The algorithm responded only to BG concentrations and incorporated a pharmacokinetic model for lispro. Eleven subjects with type 1 diabetes and no endogenous insulin secretion were studied in 27-hour experiments, which included three carbohydrate-rich meals. In six subjects, the closedloop system achieved a mean BG concentration of 140 mg/dl, which is below the mean BG concentration target of _154 mg/dl recommended by the American Diabetes Association. There were no instances of treatmentrequiring hypoglycemia. Five other subjects exhibited hypoglycemia that required treatment; however, these individuals had slower lispro absorption kinetics than the six subjects that did not become hypoglycemic. The time-to-peak plasma lispro concentrations of subjects that exhibited hypoglycemia ranged from 71 to 191 min (mean, 117 ± 48 min) versus 56 to 72 min (mean, 64 ± 6 min) in the group that did not become hypoglycemic (aggregate mean of 84 min versus 31 min longer than the algorithm’s assumption of 33 min, P = 0.07). In an additional set of experiments, adjustment of the algorithm’s pharmacokinetic parameters (time-to-peak plasma lispro concentration set to 65 min) prevented hypoglycemia in both groups while achieving an aggregate mean BG concentration of 164 mg/dl. These results demonstrate the feasibility of safe BG control by a bihormonal artificial endocrine pancreas.
Inhaled Corticosteroid Metered-Dose Inhalers: How Do Variations in Technique for Solutions Versus Suspensions Affect Drug Distribution?

OBJECTIVETo assess the literature that evaluates how variations in metereddose inhaler (MDI) technique affect lung distribution for inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) formulated as MDI suspensions and solutions.DATA SOURCESPubMed (up to November 2012) and Cochrane Library (up to November 2012) were searched using the terms metered-dose inhalers, HFA 134a, Asthma/*drug therapy, and inhaled corticosteroids. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONAll articles in English from the data sources that assessed MDI technique comparing total lung distribution (TLD) of MDI solutions or suspensions formulated with ICSs were included in the review. Five relevant studies were identified.DATA SYNTHESISFive controlled studies compared how variations in MDI technique affect TLD for ICS MDI solutions with suspensions. MDI solutions resulted in greater TLD compared with larger particle MDI suspensions. Delayed or early inspiration upon device actuation of M...
Radiative Influence of Antarctica on the Polar-Night Vortex

Abstract Temperatures over the Antarctic plateau are sharply colder than those over its maritime surroundings. The sharp temperature contrast due to Antarctica is conveyed upward through 9.6-μm absorption by ozone, which shapes the thermal structure in the stratosphere. The radiative impact of Antarctica on the polar stratosphere is investigated in three-dimensional integrations of the nonlinear primitive equations, coupled to a full radiative-transfer calculation that is performed with and without clouds. Cooling associated with Antarctica depresses radiative-equilibrium temperatures by as much as 10 K. This direct radiative influence emerges clearly at high latitudes of the lowermost stratosphere. It is accompanied elsewhere by temperature changes of opposite sign, which result indirectly through adiabatic warming by the induced residual meridional circulation. Collectively, these influences reinforce the polar-night vortex, shift the jet axis poleward, and intensify downward transport over the polar ca...
GESTÃO ESTRATÉGICA DO ENSINO SUPERIOR: A IMPORTÂNCIA DO PAPEL DESEMPENHADO PELOS SECRETÁRIOS EXECUTIVOS

The type search case study, qualitative-quantitative problematizes the professional participation of the Executive Secretariat in strategic management of Higher Education Institutions. Questionnaire was used for data collection with executive secretariat professionals and for managers of HEI of 15 institutions of the Consortium of Gaucho Community Universities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For data analysis, it was used the descriptive statistic method. From open questions, pertaining to secretarial professionals, content analysis was used according to Bardin. Results indicate the necessity of the effective participation of the Executive Secretariat in the strategic management of an Institution of Higher Education. This new positioning can break with the linear pyramidal thinking that segregates people in one of the following levels: operational, tactical and strategic. The contemporary movement, according to research data, indicates the Executive Secretariat causing rupture of the operational level in the search for strategic recognition, not neglecting any of the three levels.
Experiences with evacuation route planning algorithms

Efficient tools are needed to identify routes and schedules to evacuate affected populations to safety in the event of natural disasters. Hurricane Rita and the recent tsunami revealed limitations of traditional approaches to provide emergency preparedness for evacuees and to predict the effects of evacuation route planning ERP. Challenges arise during evacuations due to the spread of people over space and time and the multiple paths that can be taken to reach them; key assumptions such as stationary ranking of alternative routes and optimal substructure are violated in such situations. Algorithms for ERP were first developed by researchers in operations research and transportation science. However, these proved to have high computational complexity and did not scale well to large problems. Over the last decade, we developed a different approach, namely the Capacity Constrained Route Planner CCRP, which generalizes shortest path algorithms by honoring capacity constraints and the spread of people over space and time. The CCRP uses time-aggregated graphs to reduce storage overhead and increase computational efficiency. Experimental evaluation and field use in Twin Cities Homeland Security scenarios demonstrated that CCRP is faster, more scalable, and easier to use than previous techniques. We also propose a novel scalable algorithm that exploits the spatial structure of transportation networks to accelerate routing algorithms for large network datasets. We evaluated our new approach for large-scale networks around downtown Minneapolis and riverside areas. This article summarizes experiences and lessons learned during the last decade in ERP and relates these to Professor Goodchild's contributions.
A pixel classification system for segmenting biomedical images using intensity neighborhoods and dimension reduction

We present an intensity neighborhood-based system for segmenting arbitrary biomedical image datasets using supervised learning. Because neighborhood methods are often associated with high-dimensional feature vectors, we explore a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based method to reduce the dimensionality (and provide computational savings) of each neighborhood. Our results show that the system can accurately segment data in three applications: tissue segmentation from brain MR data, and histopathological images, and nuclei segmentation from fluorescence images. Our results also show that the dimension reduction method we described improves computational efficiency while maintaining similar accuracy.
Modeling and On-the-Fly Solutions for Solid Earth Sciences: Web Services and Data Portal for Earthquake Early Warning System

We report on a unified on-the-fly, Web services-based observation/analysis/modeling environment for crustal deformation and natural hazards research, intended as a plug-in service for early warning systems, transfer of rapid information to civilian decision makers and the media, and educational purposes. We demonstrate an early warning system for a large earthquake in southern California using the components developed under several NASA-funded projects, including real-time GPS network infrastructure, Geophysical Resources Web Services, and GPS Explorer data portal with its on-the-fly earthquake modeling software. We generate an on-the-fly earthquake fault model based on simulated real-time (dynamic and coseismic) displacements computed by the GPS network, and viewable through GPS Explorer. Our objective is to demonstrate an operational service that could be transitioned to appropriate civilian agencies in southern California.
Po co czytać literaturę

The essay in question is the translation of the fourth chapter of J. Hillis Miller’s book, On literature (2002), in which he circles around questions elemental yet convoluted for literary criticism. Miller reminds us about (as ancient as archetypal) dilemmas concerning the role of literature in society (e.g. Plato’s putdown of poetry and Aristotle’s defense of it) and discloses contemporary judgments covertly rooted in them. The fundamental issue is why Western culture has granted literature such great authority. His argument reposes on an assumption that literary works give us access to virtual realities that are not otherwise knowable.
Properties of ultrafast laser textured silicon for photovoltaics

In this work, we report a detailed material study of ultrafast laser textured silicon surfaces to gain insight into the impact of ultrafast laser processing conditions on photovoltaic device properties. A comprehensive study of the ultrafast laser processed silicon is achieved by determination of crystal structure and elemental compositional changes using transmission electron microscopy, compositional mapping by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and depth profiling compositional determination using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We have observed material non-homogeneity, impurity incorporation and strained silicon, all limited to the surface. A combination of chemical etching and thermal annealing was used to remove the laser induced changes and the material was restored to its starting quality. Further, silicon solar cell devices on such defect-etched surfaces are fabricated. These devices are characterized through dark i–v analysis and Fourier transform deep level transient spectroscopy for defect analysis.
EAM Outstanding Papers: A Focus on Managerial Learning

An overview of this special issue is provided, including a description of the Eastern Academy of Management’s (EAM’s) Outstanding Paper selection process and a brief description of the papers that received this recognition. These papers were peer reviewed for the EAM conference and peer reviewed again for this special issue of Group & Organization Management.