cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward a behavioral model of the physician as case manager.

Abstract The search for means to contain rising health care costs has increasingly focused on the physician's key role in resource consumption decisions. A particularly explicit example of this is the new wave of interest in public and non-public programs which designate a primary care physician to be a ‘physician case manager’. This title seems to reflect an attempt to assign and impute to the physician functions and responsibilities significantly beyond traditional clinical duties. This paper explores the multiple functions of the physician to develop a behavioral model of the physician case manager. This model is employed to identify a series of practice style orientations (PSOs) which represent differing emphases given to the core functions physicians are required to perform. Strong physician case management is characterized as those PSOs in which the rationer/resource allocator function is emphasized. The paper concludes by suggesting what types of external pressures and incentives may be useful in fostering strong case management.
Uniqueness of the extreme Reissner-Nordström solution in SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory for spherically symmetric spacetime.

In this paper we prove that the only spherically symmetric black hole solution to the SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills equations that are defined in the far field and have zero temperature at the event horizon is the extreme Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution.
Using obsessions as reinforcers with and without mild reductive procedures to decrease inappropriate behaviors of children with autism.

We assessed the effectiveness of using the obsessions of children with autism to reduce their inappropriate behaviors. Baseline consisted of a traditional differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) in which food reinforcers were provided contingent upon a period of nonoccurrence of the inappropriate behaviors. Then, three treatment conditions were assessed using a multielement design. One condition provided objects of obsession as reinforcers for periods of nonoccurrence of the inappropriate behaviors. A second condition also provided the obsessions as reinforcers, but in conjunction with mild reductive procedures (verbal “no”, time-out). A final condition used the food reinforcers of baseline, but with mild reductive procedures. Results indicated that all three treatment conditions were more effective than the traditional food DRO of baseline. The most effective condition was the obsessions plus mild reductive procedures. Results are discussed in terms of recommendations for effective treatment planning.
IPB Preparation Using Data Processing Equipment

After an Illustrated Parts Breakdown (IPB) manuscript is prepared, it is submitted for data processing into final format. Greatly improved accuracy results through the use of electronic data processing equipment and a uniquely organized IPB group.
Constructing crime: Neighborhood characteristics and police recording behavior

It has long been acknowledged that police officers have substantial levels of discretion in their day-to-day activities. There is a well developed body of literature that considers how this discretion is exercised across a broad array of situations including the decision to arrest, use force, and grant citizen requests for official action. Using both social disorganization and conflict theories as conceptual models, the purpose of this study was to determine if neighborhood characteristics affect police reporting behavior across a wide cross-section of reported call types. The findings indicated that reporting behavior widely varies across crime types with a greater percentage of more serious crimes translated into official crime. Neighborhood characteristics did affect reporting practices, but surprisingly only for more serious forms of disorder where discretion was perceived to be less. The findings lent support for both social disorganization and conflict theories. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Application of quantitative criteria for haemopoietic activity to insect haemocytes

Abstract In preliminary studies on the milkweed bug ( Oncopeltus fasciatus ) a working hypothesis was established according to which the groups of haemocytes seen around the tracheo-spiracular regions were haemopoietic sites. Criteria were selected to test this hypothesis. The criteria included comparisons of DNA synthesis and mitotic activity (1) between the groups around the tracheo-spiracular region and groups around all other tissues, and (2) between the groups around the tracheo-spiracular regions and circulating haemocytes on smears made prior to the death of the insect. It was found that there were no consistent statistical differences between the groups or between the tracheo-spiracular groups and the smears in number of cells/group, number of cells showing DNA synthesis, or the amount of DNA synthesis/cell. The mitotic activity could not be analysed statistically, but there were no apparent differences between the categories of haemocytes compared. Very rapid fixation of the insects in liquid nitrogen prevented clumping of the haemocytes due to slow fixation procedures and showed that most of the groups were artifacts of fixation. The suggested criteria for haemopoietic activity seem to be valid ones and it is hoped that they will provide a more objective basis for determination of haemopoietic sites in insects than has been used in the past.
Economic Incentives and Disincentives for Efficient Prescribing

Efficient prescribing is a controversial concept when defined in economic terms. Such terms imply that neither the best nor the cheapest drug may be efficient. Efficiency depends on patient valuations of outcomes — an essential, yet still underdeveloped, field of inquiry. Encouraging prescribing efficiency (once it is clear what efficient treatments are) may require the use of incentives (economic and otherwise). Although physicians do react to economic incentives, encouraging them to also act as good economists rather than only as good healthcare providers may be difficult since economic efficiency goals may conflict with pure medical goals. While it is conceptually reasonable to assume that economic incentives will accomplish behavioural change. other (noneconomic) incentive mechanisms may appear less controversial. Since it is the result, not the process, that is important, a mix of incentives to achieve efficient solutions is suggested. However, further investigation into both health and economic outcomes research and debate on proper efficiency goals should precede the discussion of optimal incentives.
Cathepsin D antigenic epitopes identified by the humoral responses of ovarian cancer patients

Previous studies implicated cathepsin D as one commonly recognized target of tumor-reactive immunoglobulins from ovarian cancer patients. These immunoglobulins are shown to be immunoreactive with both the 52-kDa procathepsin D and the 32-kDa mature cathepsin D derived from the UL-1 ovarian cancer cell line. Whether the carbohydrate domains or the core protein were associated with its immunogenicity was analyzed with cathepsin D isolated from tunicamycin-treated UL-1 cells. No significant difference was detected in the immunoreactivity of patient serum with the glycosylated and deglycosylated forms of the cathepsin D, suggesting that patient humoral responses are directed primarily against the core protein. To define the antigenic epitopes of cathepsin D, tryptic fragments were prepared from UL-1-derived procathepsin D. The epitopes of the core protein recognized by sera from more than one patient were identified using a peptide-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and microsequencing of positive immunoreactive peptides. This protocol identified four epitopes: two peptides within the pro-peptide, a third at the carboxy terminus and the fourth at the glycosylation site of the mature enzyme. This approach to the identification of specific antigenic epitopes may be useful in defining effective targets for directed active immunotherapy against cancer.
Correlation studies of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in metal foam heat exchangers

Abstract This study presents the correlations of both hydrodynamics and heat transfer in a metal foam heat exchanger. The present work is focused on the application to dry cooling such as air-cooled condensers (ACCs). In particular empirical correlations for the permeability, form drag coefficient, friction factor, and the overall heat transfer coefficient for different samples of metallic foam have been validated and verified with available experimental data and numerical simulations. The modified correlations used in this study are established through the validation & verification studies of metal foam heat exchangers. In order to address the difference, finned tube heat exchangers are used to compare to the metal foam heat exchangers with the same geometry size and layout. For fully wrapped metal foam heat exchangers, the prediction using empirical correlation is consistent with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. However, the scenarios become complicated for partially wrapped metal foam heat exchangers. The numerical results show that there is an optimal choice of the porosity of metal foam in which the wall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop reach the design goal. Overall, the heat transfer capability of metal foam heat exchangers can supersede conventional compact heat exchangers given optimal scenario.
Increased Immunogenicity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 Engineered To Express Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R Epitopes

The glycan shield comprised of multiple carbohydrate chains on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp120 helps the virus to evade neutralizing antibodies. The present study describes a novel method for increasing immunogenicity of gp120 vaccine by enzymatic replacement of sialic acid on these carbohydrate chains with Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-gal) epitopes. These epitopes are ligands for the natural anti-Gal antibody constituting approximately 1% of immunoglobulin G in humans. We hypothesize that vaccination with gp120 expressing alpha-gal epitopes (gp120(alphagal)) results in in vivo formation of immune complexes with anti-Gal, which targets vaccines for effective uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APC), due to interaction between the Fc portion of the antibody and Fcgamma receptors on APC. This in turn results in effective transport of the vaccine to lymph nodes and effective processing and presentation of gp120 immunogenic peptides by APC for eliciting a strong anti-gp120 immune response. This hypothesis was tested in alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout mice, which produce anti-Gal. Mice immunized with gp120(alphagal) produced anti-gp120 antibodies in titers that were >100-fold higher than those measured in mice immunized with comparable amounts of gp120 and effectively neutralized HIV. T-cell response, measured by ELISPOT, was much higher in mice immunized with gp120(alphagal) than in mice immunized with gp120. It is suggested that gp120(alphagal) can serve as a platform for anti-Gal-mediated targeting of additional vaccinating HIV proteins fused to gp120(alphagal), thereby creating effective prophylactic vaccines.
The uniform algebra generated byz and a smooth even function

This paper treats the uniform algebra generated on a small compact neighborhood of zero in ℂ byz and an even ℒ2 complex valued functionf. It is shown that this algebra comprises all continuous functions if the modulus of the\(\bar z^2 \) term of the second derivative off is larger than the modulus of the\(z\bar z\) term. It is already known thatz and f generate a proper subalgebra if the modulus of the\(\bar z^2 \) term is less than one half that of the\(z\bar z\) term. The present result is proved by application of a theorem of J. Wermer, which essentially reduces the problem to showing that the graph off in ℂ is polynomially convex near zero. This convexity is established by a study of representing measures. The result suggests a large class of problems in higher dimensions.
High-speed image processing algorithms using MMX hardware

Low-cost PC-based machine vision systems have become more common due to faster processing capabilities and the availability of compatible high-speed image acquisition and processing hardware. One development, which is likely to have a very favorable impact on this trend, is enhanced multimedia capabilities present in new processor chips such as Intel MMX and Cyrix M2 processors. Special instructions are provided with this type of hardware which, combined with a SIMD parallel processing architecture, provides a substantial speed improvement over more traditional processors. Eight simultaneous byte or four double-byte operations are possible. The new instructions are similar to those provided by DSP chips such as multiply and accumulate and are quite useful for linear processing operations like convolution. However, only four pixels may be processed simultaneously because of the limited dynamic range of byte data. Given the inherent limitations with respect to looping in SIMD hardware, nonlinear operations such as erosion and dilation would seem to be difficult to implement. However, special instructions are available for required operations. Benchmarks for a number of image-processing operations are provided in the paper to illustrate the advantages of the new multimedia extensions for vision applications.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness of chimeric tick-borne encephalitis/dengue virus can be attenuated by introducing defined mutations into the envelope and NS5 protein genes and the 3′ non-coding region of the genome

Abstract Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe disease affecting thousands of people throughout Eurasia. Despite the use of formalin-inactivated vaccines in endemic areas, an increasing incidence of TBE emphasizes the need for an alternative vaccine that will induce a more durable immunity against TBE virus (TBEV). The chimeric attenuated virus vaccine candidate containing the structural protein genes of TBEV on a dengue virus genetic background (TBEV/DEN4) retains a high level of neurovirulence in both mice and monkeys. Therefore, attenuating mutations were introduced into the envelope (E 315 ) and NS5 (NS5 654,655 ) proteins, and into the 3′ non-coding region (Δ30) of TBEV/DEN4. The variant that contained all three mutations (vΔ30/E 315 /NS5 654,655 ) was significantly attenuated for neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence and displayed a reduced level of replication and virus-induced histopathology in the brains of mice. The high level of safety in the central nervous system indicates that vΔ30/E 315 /NS5 654,655 should be further evaluated as a TBEV vaccine.
Influence of Nitrogen and Argon Gases on Post-Thawing Motility, Laboratory Stress Tests, and Fertility of Frozen Bovine Spermatozoa

Summary Flushing ampules with N 2 gas was found to be superior to flushing with A or no flushing on post-thawing motility and livability at 38C in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the effects of N 2 flush were tested on prefreezing motility, post-thawing motility, livability at 38C, and fertility. Prefreezing means were essentially the same for the control and N 2 flushing. However, a significant difference (P 2 flush and control, respectively. Semen treated with N 2 survived considerably better (P 2 . Fertility based on 60- to 90-day nonreturns for 1,905 first services was 74.50% for N 2 flushed semen as compared to 71.87% for 1,930 first services for the control. These differences did approach significance (P
Adolescents, parents and physicians: a comparison of perspectives on type 1 diabetes self-care.

A b s t r a c t Objective No research to date has compared the beliefs of adolescents, parents and physicians with respect to type 1 diabetes mellitus self-care perceptions and barriers. This study examined how adolescents with type 1 diabetes, their parents and physicians perceive 4 key diabetes self-care behaviours (testing blood glucose, taking insulin, exercise and diet) and what influences those behaviours. Method Forty-eight adolescent/parent dyads and 21 pediatric endocrinologists rated importance, difficulty and proficiency for 4 self-care behaviours, and provided up to 5 perceived influences on these behaviours. We compared adolescents to parents and families to physicians. Results Groups rated all self-care behaviours as important, with taking insulin as most important. Families rated behaviours as relatively easy compared to physicians. All groups agreed that diet was both the most difficult self-care behaviour and the behaviour at which adolescents were least proficient. Although families rated teens as proficient overall, physicians disagreed. Adolescent and parent perception of diet difficulty was related to poorer glycemic control, and blood glucose testing and insulin administration proficiency were linked to better glycemic control. Compared to other groups, teens were especially likely to mention internal and hindering influences, and more likely to mention other people as negative influences. Conclusions Although all groups agreed that all self-care behaviours are important, there are key areas of discrepancy in perceptions, particularly between families and physicians. Further research should connect the beliefs examined in this study to actual self-care behaviours.
Myocardial Adaptations to Recreational Marathon Training Among Middle-Aged Men

Background—Myocardial adaptations to exercise have been well documented among competitive athletes. To what degree cardiac remodeling occurs among recreational exercisers is unknown. We sought to e...
Clinicopathological analysis of near-tetraploidy/tetraploidy acute myeloid leukaemia

Aims Near-tetraploidy/tetraploidy (NT/T) is a rare cytogenetic alteration in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). NT/T-AML is categorised as complex cytogenetics and therefore, presumed to have an unfavourable prognosis. Our aim is to further characterise the clinical, morphological, cytogenetic and prognostic features of NT/T-AML. Methods We searched our cytogenetic laboratory database from 1991 to 2012 to reveal 13 cases of NT/T-AML. Each case was evaluated with regard to its demographics, morphology, immunophenotype and prognosis. Specific morphological features included blast size, irregularity of nuclear contours, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and presence and lineage of dysplasia. Results Eleven men and two women had a median age of 68 years. Blasts were predominately large (11/13). Eight of 13 patients had AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Sixty-nine per cent of patients achieved complete remission (CR). Median overall survival (OS) was 8.6 months. CR rate and median OS in cases with ≥5 cytogenetic abnormalities were 71% and 6 months, compared with 67% and 18.1 months in cases with Conclusions NT/T-AML occurs in older males, exhibits large blast size and is associated with myelodysplasia. Unlike previously reported data, our study reveals an overall better prognosis in this older population with NT/T-AML than was expected for a complex karyotype AML. Cytogenetic complexity independent of ploidy status did not greatly affect the high CR rates, but did appear to be a better estimation of prognostic risk in terms of median OS.
High-speed single-mode photonic crystal VCSEL design

A photonic crystal fabricated into ion-implanted VCSELs can engineer the spatial overlap between the optical mode and gain for improved high speed operation and reduced relative intensity noise. The ion-implanted aperture should be les 4 um larger than the optical aperture to avoid excessive electrical parasitics.
An experimental study on the effect of environmental exposures and corrosion on RC columns with FRP composite jackets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various environmental conditions on the long-term behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. Small-scale RC columns were manufactured in the laboratory and conditioned under accelerated environmental cycling and accelerated corrosion process of reinforcing bars. Then, uni-axial compressive failure tests were conducted in order to evaluate the change of mechanical properties of the test columns due to the environmental effects. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of RC column system (RC + FRP) were altered due to the environmental conditioning and the corrosion of steel reinforcement, and each type of environmental conditions had its unique effects and features.
Explosion Phenomena and Effects of Explosions on Structures. II: Methods of Analysis (Explosion Effects)

This is Part II of a three-part paper on the phenomena of explosions and effects of explosions on structures. The overall paper is intended to provide the reader with a practical overview of the various types of explosions and methods available to predict explosion effects, with emphasis on air blast. The response of structures to air blast is discussed and methods of analysis are presented. Since the subject area is broad, reference sources for more in-depth information on many of the topics presented are provided. In this paper, Part II, calculation methods for predicting explosion effects are presented for different types of explosions, with emphasis on air blast. Logic diagrams are presented to aid in the prediction of air blast characteristics from different types of explosions. Then the analysis tools required are summarized. A dispersion analysis is required to characterize a combustible cloud in cases involving a dispersed fuel. For the prediction of air blast characteristics the following methods...
Evaluation of conductor stresses in a pulsed high-current toroidal transformer

The Precision, High-Energy Density, Liner Implosion eXperiment (PHELIX) pulsed power driver is currently under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory. When operational PHELIX will provide 5-10 MAmps of peak current with pulse rise-time of ∼5-10 ms. Crucial to the performance of PHELIX is a multi-turn primary, single-turn secondary, current step-up toroidal transformer, R major ∼ 30 cm, R minor ∼ 10 cm. The transformer lifetime should exceed 100 shots. Therefore it is essential that the design be robust enough to survive the magnetic stresses produced by high currents. In order to evaluate our design, two methods have been utilized. First, an analytical evaluation has been performed. By identifying the magnetic forces as J 1 2/2 ∇L 1 + J 1 J 2 ∇M 12 , where J 1 and J 2 are currents in two circuits, coupled by mutual inductance M 12 and L 1 is the self-inductance of the circuit carrying current J 1 , analytical estimates of stress can be obtained. These results are then compared to a computational MHD model of the same system and to a full finite-element, electromagnetic simulation.
Collagen Types in Healing Rabbit Tendons: A Biochemical Assessment

Eight repaired and eight contralateral control superficial digital flexor tendons were collected from rabbits (2–6 kg) 1, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. Acid soluble and pepsin solubilized collagen fractions were prepared and separated using SDS-PAGE to determine if healing tendons contain detectable amounts of Type III collagen. No biochemical differences between normal and healing tendon collagen content could be detected. Type I collagen was the predominant collagen species found in all 88 samples examined. Alpha chains indicative of Type III collagen were detected in control and experimental tendons of five animals. Alpha chains suggestive of Type IV collagen were detected in control and experimental tendons of eight rabbits.
Phytoplankton photocompensation from space-based fluorescence measurements

[1] Recent satellite-derived observations linked global scale phytoplankton fluorescence variability with iron stress and hinted at photophysiological responses associated with changing light levels. These photocompensation reactions, the sum of photoacclimation and photoadaptation, were examined with climatological data for the Gulf of Maine. Significant seasonal variability was observed in the fluorescence quantum yield that was unrelated to patterns of biomass. Up to 89% of the variability in the fluorescence quantum yield was explained by a physiology-based photocompensation model. Spatial variability in seasonal patterns was associated with differing hydrodynamic regimes. This variability in the quantum yield demonstrates that satellite-based fluorescence is inappropriate for phytoplankton biomass determinations. More importantly, the work presented here provides the modeling foundation for fluorescence-based investigations of temporal and spatial variability in phytoplankton physiology associated with growth irradiance. These space-based physiological observations have the potential to decrease uncertainties in future ocean color derived primary productivity estimates.
Quantitative assessment of effects of phase aberration and noise on high-frame-rate imaging

Abstract The goal of this paper is to quantitatively study effects of phase aberration and noise on high-frame-rate (HFR) imaging using a set of traditional and new parameters. These parameters include the traditional −6-dB lateral resolution, and new parameters called the energy ratio (ER) and the sidelobe ratio (SR). ER is the ratio between the total energy of sidelobe and the total energy of mainlobe of a point spread function (PSF) of an imaging system. SR is the ratio between the peak value of the sidelobe and the peak value of the mainlobe of the PSF. In the paper, both simulation and experiment are conducted for a quantitative assessment and comparison of the effects of phase aberration and noise on the HFR and the conventional delay-and-sum (D&S) imaging methods with the set of parameters. In the HFR imaging method, steered plane waves (SPWs) and limited-diffraction beams (LDBs) are used in transmission, and received signals are processed with the Fast Fourier Transform to reconstruct images. In the D&S imaging method, beams focused at a fixed depth are used in transmission and dynamically focused beams are used in reception for image reconstruction. The simulation results show that the average differences between the −6-dB lateral beam widths of the HFR imaging and the D&S imaging methods are −0.1337 mm for SPW and −0.1481 mm for LDB, which means that the HFR imaging method has a higher lateral image resolution than the D&S imaging method since the values are negative. In experiments, the average differences are also negative, i.e., −0.2804 mm for SPW and −0.3365 mm for LDB. The results for the changes of ER and SR between the HFR and the D&S imaging methods have negative values, too. After introducing phase aberration and noise, both simulations and experiments show that the HFR imaging method has also less change in the −6-dB lateral resolution, ER, and SR as compared to the conventional D&S imaging method. This means that the HFR imaging method is less sensitive to the phase aberration and noise. Based on the study of the new parameters on the HFR and the D&S imaging methods, it is expected that the new parameters can also be applied to assess quality of other imaging methods.
Colloidal properties of star polymers

Regular star polymers with functionality f = 64 and f = 128 have such high segment density that they resemble hard sphere objects in dilute solution. In semi-dilute solution they form a macrocrystalline ordered phase with spacings of the order of 100 to 500 A. They are physical gels. Their melt properties are characterized by a long term relaxation process not found in stars with fewer arms.
A Reproductive Threat-Based Model of Evolved Sex Differences in Jealousy

Although heterosexual women and men consistently demonstrate sex differences in jealousy, these differences disappear among lesbians and gay men as well as among heterosexual women and men contemplating same-sex infidelities (infidelities in which the partner and rival are the same sex). Synthesizing these past findings, the present paper offers a reproductive threat-based model of evolved sex differences in jealousy that predicts that the sexes will differ only when the jealous perceivers' reproductive outcomes are differentially at risk. This model is supported by data from a web-based study in which lesbians, gay men, bisexual women and men, and heterosexual women and men responded to a hypothetical infidelity scenario with the sex of the rival randomly determined. After reading the scenario, participants indicated which type of infidelity (sexual versus emotional) would cause greater distress. Consistent with predictions, heterosexual women and men showed a sex difference when contemplating opposite-sex infidelities but not when contemplating same-sex infidelities, whereas lesbians and gay men showed no sex difference regardless of whether the infidelity was opposite-sex or same-sex.
The Bonding of Polychloroprene to Brass: Rate and Temperature Effects

Abstract The bonding of CR to brass shim has been studied at various test temperatures and rates using a T-peel geometry. Compounds without sulfur adhere relatively weakly to brass, and the bond strength is highly temperature dependent. The bonding strength is greatly enhanced, and its temperature dependence decreased, if the CR contains only a minute amount of sulfur. Adhesive joints made with rubber compositions containing just 0.5 phr or more of sulfur fail by cohesive tearing within the elastomeric layer, when tested at high temperatures; the bond strength thus exceeds the cohesive strength of the elastomer. At sufficiently low temperatures, the locus of fracture changes to the interfacial region. The temperature at which this transition occurs is independent of sulfur levels, suggesting that the bond strength is not very dependent on the sulfur level, at least for concentrations in the range of 0.5–9.0 phr. Unlike NR, which generally requires 3.0 phr or more of sulfur to obtain strong bonding, CR bon...
Surface-Initiated Poly(3-methylthiophene) as a Hole-Transport Layer for Polymer Solar Cells with High Performance

In this work, uniform poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT) films are fabricated on indium–tin oxide (ITO) surfaces using surface-initiated Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation (SI-KCTP) from surface-bound arylnickel(II) bromide initiators. The P3MT interfacial layer is covalently bound to the ITO surface, thereby preventing possible delamination during the processing of additional layers. These surface-bound P3MT layers successfully serve as the hole-transport layer for solution-processed bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. Efficiencies greater than 5% have been achieved on devices based on doped thin P3MT interfacial layers. Moreover, because of the excellent stability of the covalently immobilized P3MT on ITO substrates, devices based on reused P3MT/ITO substrates extracted from old devices exhibit efficiencies similar to those of the original devices.
Rumination and overgeneral autobiographical memory as mediators of the relationship between attachment and depression

Abstract This study examined the potential mediating roles of the cognitive risk factors of rumination and overgeneral memory in explaining the relationship between insecure attachments (avoidant and anxious) and depression. One hundred African American outpatient psychiatric patients completed the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, the Ruminative Response Scale, the Diagnostic Inventory for Depression, and the Autobiographical Memory Test. Results supported a mediating role for rumination, but not for overgeneral memory. Implications of the findings for African Americans are considered.
Teachers’ Beliefs and Implementation of Competitive Activities for Multicultural Students:

Physical education teachers’ (N = 9) beliefs and implementation of competitive activities for middle school multicultural student populations (Grades 6-8) in physical education class in the Greater New York area were examined. Data were collected by nonparticipant observation and field notes, two semistructured interviews, and postobservation informal interviews. The theory of reasoned action guided the study. Three themes emerged: competitive activities, an introduction to culture; using demonstration to teach competitive activity skills to diverse students; and creating community. Successful instruction of diverse students was observed; however, fully incorporating cultural relevance through competitive activities was not fully demonstrated.
Global graph matching using diffusion maps

We present a new algorithm, global positioning graph matching (GPGM), to perform global network alignments between pairs of undirected graphs by minimizing a dissimilarity score over matched vertices. We define structural dissimilarities based on a random walk over each graph to provide a robust measure of the global graph topology using a nonlinear manifold learning algorithm known as diffusion maps. Measures of vertex-vertex dissimilarity are straightforwardly incorporated in a convex combination. We have tested our approach in pairwise alignments of protein-protein interaction networks of Xenopus laevis (frog), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Caenorhabditis elegans (worm), Mus musculus (mouse), and Drosophila melanogaster (fly). When vertex-vertex dissimilarities are incorporated using homology scores between protein sequences, the performance of GPGM is comparable to that of the IsoRank algorithm (Singh et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 35 12763 (2008)). When homology information is not included, GPGM discovers superior alignments, making it well suited to graph matching applications where vertex labels are unknown or undefined.
Concept and research on “fingerprint pharmacokunitics”

The research on fingerprint pharmacokinetics will help entirely explore the internal diversity information of drugs especially natural products,and also can combine with the drug effect.Using fingerprint technology to study pharmacokinetics will more literally reflect the entirety of drugs and find the diversity regularity of the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and egestion of drugs.Using fingerprint technology to study pharmacokinetics of Chinese materia medica(CMM) is one of the critical technologies in modernization of CMM,and these researches will push the study on administration mechanism and development of CMM.Therefore,we propose to construct the "fingerprint pharmacokinetics" in our research.This thesis fairly analyzses the formation,research situation,application analysis,and application prospect of "fingerprint pharmacokinetics".
Applications of cellular MRI and cell labeling contrast agents in cell transplantation

The clinical applications of cell transplantation increase gradually along with the developments of preclinical researches.However,it is necessary to track the fate of transplanted cells in both clinical applications and preclinical researches.Magnetic resonance imaging is non-invasive and time continuous,and is an ideal method to continuous track transplanted cells in vivo.By labeling the cells with MRI contrast agents,we can monitor the migration,distribution and functional status of transplanted cells with MRI.Here we reviewed the progresses of magnetic resonance imaging and cell-labeling contrast agents in cell transplantation.
Regulated Prices with Competition and Heterogeneous Consumers

This paper studies how the political influence of consumer groups and firms affects the behavior of state regulators and in turn the effectiveness of federal policies. We employ a unique granular data set for U.S. local telephone markets to examine empirically differences in state and intrastate characteristics that identify regulators’ pricing decisions with competition and heterogeneous consumers. Results show that state regulators take into account the overall structure of prices within a state when setting prices for a particular service in specific regions. We find that state regulators consider the direct and opportunity cost of service provision when setting prices, and follow a “share the pain” method of dealing with higher rural costs by increasing all prices across the state. In addition, they use federal universal service subsidies to reduce urban business prices rather than to reduce prices in the rural wire centers to which they are targeted. Removal of local entry barriers and incumbent line-of-business restrictions is associated with a 20 percent decrease in urban business prices and almost a six percent increase in urban residential prices.
Teacher discussion facilitation: a new measure and its associations with students’ perceived understanding, interest, and engagement

ABSTRACTTwo studies were conducted to develop a low-inference, behavioral measure of teacher discussion facilitation in the college classroom. In Study 1 (N = 360), a pilot inventory was developed from extant research. In Study 2 (N = 360), confirmatory factor analyses supported the dimensional structure of the pilot inventory and yielded a new, Teacher Discussion Facilitation Instrument. The 25-item instrument consists of five subscales assessing the degree to which teachers provoke and organize discussions, affirm student contributions to discussions, use a variety of questions to guide discussions, and correct erroneous contributions to classroom discussions. All five dimensions of discussion facilitation are positively associated with student interest and engagement, as well as indirectly predictive of both outcomes through perceptions of instructor understanding.
The Chloroplast Genome

Publisher Summary The chloroplast genomes from Chlamydomonas species have provided important insights into the function and evolution of this essential organelle. This chapter focuses on Chlamydomonas cpDNA structure, sequence, gene content, replication, and evolution, and it is not intended to be comprehensive for all Chlamydomonas species. The chloroplast genomes from Chlamydomonas species have provided important insights into the function and evolution of this essential organelle. It shows the pronounced number of predicted rearrangements for C. reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris. The complete Chlamydomonas chloroplast genome sequence is a resource that complements the many available genetic techniques. It discusses the weakness of using only complete genome sequence from a few taxa versus the more traditional method of using more taxa but with fewer select gene/protein sequences. In this chapter, the complete sequence of C. reinhardtii cpDNA is the reference genome. The cumulative data have and will continue to contribute to our understanding of chloroplast evolution and gene function through comparative genomics and gene manipulation. Examples of genes where analysis is incomplete are the unusual split genes rpoB, rpoC1, rpoC2 , rps2, and clpP, whose structures in some cases are apparently unique to Chlamydomonas. Other areas ripe for investigation are the chloroplast transcriptional, translational, and DNA replication machinery.
Spectroscopic study of impurity ion radial distribution in an advanced beam-driven field reversed configuration

Impurity ion spectra ranging from vacuum ultra violet (vuv) to visible wavelengths was observed in an advanced beam-driven field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas1. Main impurity spectral lines were identified and modeled with the help of the collisional-radiative code NOMAD2. Impurity concentrations were estimated, based on the modeling results. Radial distribution of impurity charge states was reconstructed for the first time in an FRC experiment. Analysis of vuv spectra revealed quite low Zeff both inside and outside the FRC separatrix.
The world is a scary place: Individual differences in belief in a dangerous world predict specific intergroup prejudices:

Research suggests that people chronically concerned with safety, as measured by the Belief in a Dangerous World (BDW) Scale, are prone to intergroup prejudice and likely to endorse negative stereot...
Macroscopic Evaluation of Incident-Induced Driver Behavior Changes

Reducing the impact of incidents on the freeway network, which represents a key goal for most regional traffic management systems, requires an effective traffic incident management system. Early and accurate recognition of incident impact the network represents one of the key challenges associated with incident management. Microscopic simulation represents an effective strategy for forecasting incident impact because it provides opportunities to study diverse conditions that may occur irregularly both spatially and temporally in the field. Often, the traffic simulation parameters appear be calibrated for uncongested conditions. This research explores macroscopic network performance when applying microscopic simulation models calibrated under both congested and uncongested conditions; the research considers a default uncongested parameter set and compares it with a parameter set calibrated using macroscopic data during congested conditions and a parameter set calibrated using microscopic data during congested conditions. Using a testbed along I-210 in Pasadena, California, the study varies incident duration, traffic volume, and lane closures to investigate the change in results across all three models. The study also investigates six actual incidents and compares the simulation results with the observed field conditions collected from the California Department of Transportation Performance Measurement System database. During the experimental cases, the macroscopic congested parameter set consistently estimates longer network travel times and slower speeds. The comparison with the field conditions confirms that the macroscopic congested parameter set better reflects field performance especially during more congested conditions. This research indicates the need to use congested conditions for calibration when investigating incident impact.
Surgery for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in the Morbidly Obese Patient

The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has mirrored the increase in obesity, and GERD is now recognized as an obesity-related comorbidity. There is growing evidence that obesity, specifically central obesity, is associated with the complications of chronic reflux, including erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. While fundoplication is effective in creating a competent gastroesophageal junction and controlling reflux in most patients, it is less effective in morbidly obese patients. In these patients a bariatric operation has the ability to correct both the obesity and the abnormal reflux. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the preferred procedure.
An Introduction to Instrumental Insemination of Honey Bee Queens

Selective breeding and stock improvement are recognized as an integral part of the long-term solution to challenges facing the beekeeping industry. The continuing high loss of colonies and the worl...
IDENTIFICATION OF SEPARATE I REGION PRODUCTS BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS

Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns have been obtained for Ia antigens immunoprecipita ted from extracts of 35 S-methionine-labeled spleen cells with antisera directed against portions of the I region of the H-2 k haplotype. Loci in the I-A k subregion code for two classes of molecules, very acidic species with molecular weights between 31,000 and 35,000 daltons, and very basic molecules of about 28,000 daltons. The remaining Ia k molecules resolved by the two-dimensional gels are determined by the I-E subregion and are intermediate in isoelectric point between the two classes of I-A molecules. Results obtained with other haplotypes also are discussed. Although distinct gel patterns are obtained with different haplotypes, the I-A or I-E molecules examined have similar electrophoretic properties. Studies with isolated T and B populations indicate that all Ia molecules detected by these techniques are B cell products.
Coagulopathy: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Treatment

For centuries from Hippocrates and Galen to Virchow and Morawitz, the process of hemostasis and its pathways has mystified us, and Roman numerals have comprised our understanding of hemostasis and coagulation. The reassuring “cascade” of events that has represented the process of coagulation and hemostasis has remained dogma until recently. Hemostasis is a dynamic system comprised of “balanced” systems and cannot be explained away by a model of coagulation that is based on “cascades.” As we are forced to understand the “full” picture of hemostasis, we will evaluate coagulation in a more complete way.
In Situ-Forming Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Hydrogels with Tunable Properties Prepared via Aza-Michael Addition Reaction

In this work, we describe synthesis and characterization of novel in situ-forming polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer hydrogels (DHs) with tunable properties prepared via highly efficient aza-Michael addition reaction. PAMAM dendrimer G5 was chosen as the underlying core and functionalized with various degrees of acetylation using acetic anhydride. The nucleophilic amines on the dendrimer surface reacted with α, β-unsaturated ester in acrylate groups of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA, Mn = 575 g/mol) via aza-Michael addition reaction to form dendrimer hydrogels without the use of any catalyst. The solidification time, rheological behavior, network structure, swelling, and degradation properties of the hydrogel were tuned by adjusting the dendrimer surface acetylation degree and dendrimer concentration. The DHs were shown to be highly cytocompatible and support cell adhesion and proliferation. We also prepared an injectable dendrimer hydrogel formulation to deliver the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (...
Small vertebrate granivores reduce seedling emergence in native tallgrass prairie restoration

High seed cost and low rates of establishment make tallgrass prairie restorations challenging and expensive endeavors. Typical seedling emergence rates in prairie restorations are approximately 10% and the causes of seed mortality are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the impact of small vertebrate granivores on prairie restoration by comparison of seedling emergence in open (sham) versus closed exclosures at three newly restored sites. To assess other causes of seed loss, we also tracked seed fates at one prairie restoration site. We coated seeds of four prairie species with fluorescent dye, placed them under closed exclosures, and monitored their fate (emerging seedling, partially germinated, nongerminated/viable, and nongerminated/nonviable) over a 5-month period. On average, 9.6 more seedlings/m2 emerged in the closed than the opened exclosures, suggesting that small vertebrate granivores reduce seedling emergence in prairie restoration. Granivores influenced the composition of the emerging community but did not preferentially consume large-seeded species. In the seed-tracking experiment, we found that greater than 70% of seeds were lost within 30 days of sowing, that seed recovery and viability both decreased with time in soil, and that seed fates differed between species. Collectively, our results indicate that small vertebrate granivores are an important cause of seed loss in prairie restoration, but unidentified belowground (e.g. fungal decomposition, invertebrate predation) and environmental (wind, rain) factors account for a greater proportion of total seed loss. Until these causes of seed loss are better understood, high seed costs will persist and continue to impede prairie restoration.