cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two new superstructures Ba4Ti5O10 and Ba4Ti4O11 in epitaxial barium titanate nanodomains determined by nanobeam electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

Barium titanate thin films deposited on MgO (0 0 1) by RF magnetron sputtering are composed of two new superstructures Ba4Ti5O10 and Ba4Ti4O11 formed as epitaxial nanodomain structures. Due to the nanometre scale size of domains and the complexity of the structure in the film, the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique does not have the capability for the crystallographic structure determination of the two new superstructures. We used nanobeam electron diffraction to reconstruct the three-dimensional diffraction space and hence the symmetry of the new superstructures. Both Ba4Ti5O10 and Ba4Ti4O11 are monoclinic structures with a space group of Cm (b-unique axis). Ba4Ti5O10 has a lattice parameter a = 16.49 A, b = 3.94 A, c = 8.94 A and β = 103°, while Ba4Ti4O11 has a = 17.88 A, b = 3.94 A, c = 7.21 A and β = 98°. Atomic structural models for the two new superstructures were established by reconstructing the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images taken from the three major axes...
The magnetic susceptibility of rhenium trioxide

Abstract Magnetic susceptibility measurements have been made on ReO 3 as a function of temperature between 77 and 300 K. The results of the measurements show that ReO 3 has a temperature independent paramagnetism of 0.086 × 10 −6 emu/g. A separation of the individual contributions to the measured susceptibility is made and the resultant values are compared with data on cubic sodium tungsten bronzes. The agreement indicates strong similarities between the properties of ReO 3 and Na x WO 3 as x approaches 1.
850 THYMOCYTE ANTIGEN IN T CELL LEUKEMIA

Two hundred seventy-seven pediatric patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia were examined for the presence of T lymphocyte associated antigen (TLAA) and thymus antigen (Thy) on their bone marrow leukemic blasts. These antigens were identifed with carefully absorbed xenoantisera and monoclonal antibodies directed against human peripheral T cells and thymocytes, respectively. 227 patients were TLAA (-) and Thy (-). 50 patients had T cell leukemia (positive for TLAA). Of these, 21/50 (42%) were Thy (+); 29/50 (58%) were Thy (-). These two T cell subgroups were compared regarding previously recognized features of T cell disease: Thy antigen positivity redefines “typical” T cell disease. Thy Ag negativity selects a previously undefined subgroup of patients with T cell disease, theoretically describing a more differentiated blast cell line, with the suggestion of an even poorer response to conventional therapy in the small group of patients examined. Ongoing studies of patients with TLAA (+) Thy (-) disease will more completely define this subgroup.
Studies of aluminum neurobehavioral toxicity in the intact mammal

1. Aluminum (Al) has been implicated in neurotoxic syndromes in several conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The developmental stage of the mammalian brain most susceptible to Al was determined in rabbits systemically exposed to Al during the prenatal, postnatal, or second month or for 1 month as adults or as aged subjects. Eyeblink reflex classical conditioning showed an Al-induced learning deficit only in the adult and aged rabbits. 2. 4-Aminopyridine, which was reported to improve learning in AD subjects, attenuated this Al-induced learning deficit. 3. Conditioned eyeblink acquisition is slower in AD subjects than controls, supporting the Al-loaded rabbit as a model of some AD effects. 4. To determine if the Al-loaded rabbit modeled the AD cholinergic deficit, acetylcholine (Ach) overflow was measured in rabbit hippocampus using microdialysis. Aluminum pretreatment reduced basal and potassium-stimulated Ach overflow compared to controls. 5. Acetylcholine overflow increased as control rabbits acquired the conditioned eyeblink reflex, then subsequently decreased, although conditioned eyeblink performance continued. In contrast, Al-loaded rabbits showed a delay in conditioned eyeblink acquisition and greatly attenuated Ach overflow. The Al-induced attenuation of Ach overflow may contribute to the Al-induced learning deficit. 6. Brain Al entry was studied using microdialysis of blood, brain, and lateral ventricle. Aluminum rapidly entered the brain and lateral ventricle. Frontal cortical Al was greater than lateral ventricular Al, suggesting that Al primarily enters the brain through the cerebral microvasculature. 7. The brain/blood Al ratio was always significantly less than 1. This ratio was influenced by the Al form administered, brain site and animal species. Thus, there appears to be an active process moving Al out of brain extracellular fluid (ECF). 8. Brain and blood dialysate Ach concentrations were not different after cyanide addition to the dialysate, supporting the conclusion that an active process moves Al out of brain ECF.
Measurement of the relative importance of product attribute information: A review of the information display approach

In determining whether or not to mandate disclosures of product information, policymakers may wish to first investigate the relative importance of different attribute-related information cues in influencing the purchase decision-making of consumers. This paper examines the applicability of the information display approach to this research task. In addition, unresolved problems associated with the approach are addressed for the benefit of researchers interested in applying the methodology.
Antics at the telomere: uncoupled polymerases solve the end replication problem.

Replicating the end of a linear chromosome poses a problem that can be solved by the combined action of the general DNA replication machinery, DNA repair factors, telomere proteins and telomerase. In this issue of The EMBO Journal , a new study by Moser et al examines the timing of replication, repair and telomere factor association with fission yeast telomeres. The study demonstrates the dynamic nature of protein binding and provides a framework for understanding how leading and lagging strand polymerases, DNA damage signalling and telomere factors cooperate during telomere replication.
Maximizing information throughput for multimedia browsing on small displays

As a great many new devices with diverse capabilities are having a population boom, their limited display sizes become the major obstacle that has undermined their usefulness for information access. We introduce our recent research on adapting multimedia content, including images, videos and Web pages, for browsing on small-form-factor devices. A theoretical framework as well as a set of novel methods for presenting and rendering multimedia under limited screen sizes is proposed to improve the user experience. The content modeling and processing are provided as subscription-based Web services on the Internet. Experiments show that our approach is extensible and able to achieve satisfactory results with high efficiency.
Design of the Langley laboratory telerobotic manipulator

NASA Langley Research Center has developed a novel, precision, dual-arm telerobotic manipulator system which has seven degrees of freedom in each arm. As delivered, a master-slave control mode is implemented from a pair of kinematically identical master arms with force reflection; however, robotic or manual control from a variety of different input devices can be implemented. The Langley laboratory telerobotic manipulator (LTM), its installation at Langley, and plans for a comparative evaluation study of various control input devices to the system are described. A discussion is presented of the objectives and philosophy of the design and the control electronics. >
The art of nursing: the experience of patients and nurses.

Historical and contemporary conceptualizations of nursing have not addressed the art of nursing from an experiential research approach This study explores patients’ and nurses’ experiences of the art of nursing using a phenomenological- hermeneutic approach to enquiry that allows for exploration of the empirical experience Explicating a paradigm of the art of nursing, five distinct metathemes express nursing as art and describe the complex artistic processes that are lived through the nurse and patient
Thermodynamics of crystalline linear high polymers. I. Comparison of the melting transitions of solution and melt‐crystallized polyethylene

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) of the melting range of annealed and solution-crystallized low-pressure polyethylene (Marlex 50) has been carried out and found to be comparable in precision with earlier calorimetric determinations. The melting range of the single-crystalline material is shifted by 3.7°C. to lower temperature with respect to the melt-annealed polyethylene. Heat of fusion estimates from the peak height and area of the DTA curves as well as density determinations gave a ratio of about 1.08 for the crystallinities of annealed and single-crystalline polyethylene. The per cent crystallinity calculated from density for annealed polyethylene was found to be 90 ± 3, which is in good accord with calorimetric and x-ray determinations.
Turbulence, diffusion and patchiness in the sea

We explore the role that biological processes play in the patchiness of plankton populations in the sea. We ask how population interactions modify the variance in plankton density as a function of spatial scale (i.e. the variance spectrum) from that expected if the biota were merely passive tracers. Using an approximate model for two limiting cases of turbulence - the inertial subrange and two-dimensional turbulence - we consider a simple predator - prey formulation for interacting populations in a turbulent ocean. No simple generalizations emerge. T he interacting populations ‘redden’ (i.e. more variance at large scale) the spectrum of the passive tracers in the inertial subrange. Conversely, the interaction ‘whitens’ (i.e. less variance at large scale) the passive tracer spectrum for two-dimensional turbulence. This mirrors results in terrestrial environments.
Charge exchange in a planetary corona: Its effect on the distribution and escape of hydrogen

The theory for a spherical collisionless planetary corona is extended to include charge-exchange collisions between H(+) and H, which are assumed to constitute intermingled gases with different kinetic temperatures. The treatment is based on the conventional concept of a critical level (or exobase) above which the only collisions considered in the Boltzmann equation are those that resonantly exchange charge. Although the geometry treated is an oversimplification for a real planet, numerical examples are given for an idealized earth and Venus. For earth, an ion temperature of 4 times the neutral temperature, an ion density at the exobase of 14,000 per cu cm, and a plasmapause at 1.5 earth radii will raise the escape flux of H by a factor of 6. The total H above the exobase is changed by less than 1%. For Venus, conditions are examined that would account for the peculiar H distribution observed from Mariner 5. The plasma conditions required are not obviously outrageous by terrestrial standards, but the Mariner 5 ionosphere measurements did not show a high plasmapause at, say, 1.25 or 1.5 planetary radii, a fact that might argue against a charge-exchange model.
Evolutionary Diversification of DNA Methyltransferases in Eukaryotic Genomes

In eukaryotes, C5-cytosine methylation is a common mechanism associated with a variety of functions such as gene regulation or control of genomic stability. Different subfamilies of eukaryotic methyltransferases (MTases) have been identified, mainly in metazoa, plants, and fungi. In this paper, we used hidden Markov models to detect MTases in completed or almost completed eukaryotic genomes, including different species of Protozoa. A phylogenetic analysis of MTases enabled us to define six subfamilies of MTases, including two new subfamilies. The dnmt1 subfamily that includes all the known MTases with a maintenance activity seems to be absent in the Protozoa. The dnmt2 subfamily seems to be the most widespread, being present even in the nonmethylated Dictyostelium discoideum. We also found two dnmt2 members in the bacterial genus Geobacter, suggesting that horizontal transfers of MTases occurred between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Even if the direction of transfer cannot be determined, this relationship might be useful for understanding the function of this enigmatic subfamily of MTases. Globally, our analysis reveals a great diversity of MTases in eukaryotes, suggesting the existence of different methylation systems. Our results also suggest acquisitions and losses of different MTases in every eukaryotic lineage studied and that some eukaryotes appear to be devoid of methylation.
Seismic design considerations for buried pipelines

This paper starts by summarizing observations of pipeline performance during recent earthquakes. Lessons learned from the earthquakes are discussed according to the types of ground movements caused and pipelines affected. Simple models then are examined for buried pipeline response to permanent ground deformation. Sources of uncertainty in the simple models are reviewed, the results of parametric studies are presented, and recommendations for design and planning are proposed
Rate adaptive multimedia streams: optimization and admission control

This work investigates support of rate adaptive multi-media streams on communication networks. Optimal and practical mechanisms to maximize the customer average quality of service (QoS), defined in terms of a normalized time average received rate, are established. By scaling the arrival rate and link capacity, we obtain asymptotic expressions for customer average QoS in the case of networks with single bottleneck links. The optimal adaptation policy is identified as the solution to an integer program which has an intuitive "sort by volume" interpretation for the case of single bottleneck links, where stream volume is the total number of bits associated with a stream at its maximum resolution. Our asymptotic analysis shows the optimal adaptation policy may yield performance improvements of up to 42% over baseline policies. We demonstrate that a static multi-class admission control policy can achieve the same asymptotic QoS as that of the optimal adaptation policy. This implies that dynamic adaptation may be unnecessary for large capacity networks with appropriate call admission.
Purification and characterization of pyruvate carboxylase from the honeybee and some properties of related biotin-containing proteins in other insects

Our discovery of a Mr 128 k biotin-containing protein in an extract of the white-fly was an unexpected outcome of the use of an avidin-biotin-peroxidase method to visualize a western blot. This major biotin-containing protein was shown to be present in several tissues of 10 different species of insects by doing a western blot and staining it with streptavidin-linked peroxidase. The amount of this protein in the thorax of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, increased during development. The non-flying grasshopper, Barytettix psolus, had reduced amounts of this protein in their thoraces compared to a flying grass-hopper, Schistocerca americana. The major biotin-containing protein was purified from the thoraces of honeybee, Apis mellifera, using an avidin Sepharose affinity column. The purified biotin-containing protein was shown to be pyruvate carboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the specific transfer of a carboxyl group to pyruvate, yielding oxaloacetate. The purified honeybee pyruvate carboxylase was characterized enzymatically and structurally. This protein had a single subunit of Mr 128 k and formed a native molecule of about Mr 500 k consisting of four of these subunits. The amino acid composition of the protein was also obtained. The enzymatic activity of this protein required acetyl-CoA, ATP, and Mg2+. The Kms of the enzyme for bicarbonate and pyruvate were similar to pyruvate carboxylase from other oganisms. The biotin-containing protein was also partially purified from mosquito thoraces using the same methods and was shown to be pyruvate carboxylase. The comparison between insect pyruvate carboxylase and that of other organisms is provided and the possible physiological role of the pyruvate carboxylase in the thoracic muscles of insects is discussed.
Prototyping the DLX microprocessor

The prototyping of a functioning DLX microprocessor, based on the 32-b instruction set architecture developed by D. Patterson and J. Hennessy (in Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 1990), is described. This architecture is an emerging academic standard but has yet to be successfully prototyped. An implementation of DLX as a 12-in*15-in two-layer circuit board, containing 59 chips and running on a 2-MHz clock, is described. The execution of DLX programs and the problems encountered are discussed. >
Tumor necrosis factor‐α regulates in vivo nitric oxide synthesis and induces liver injury during endotoxemia

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a principal mediator of the pathophysiological effects of endotoxemia and endotoxin shock. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha also contributes to the stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the induction of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase in a variety of tissues. Although the importance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in vitro is well known, its role in in vivo nitric oxide synthesis has not been convincingly established. We were interested in determining whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha plays a significant role in the in vivo induction of nitric oxide synthesis. In Corynebacterium parvum-primed mice, lipopolysaccharide injection resulted in elevated serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels early and increased hepatic enzyme release (641 +/- 80 IU AST/L; 22.7 +/- 1.9 IU ornithine carbamoyltransferase per liter) and plasma nitrite and nitrate (804 +/- 84 mumol/L) 5 hr after lipopolysaccharide injection. Polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduced in vivo tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (1 hr, 7,332 +/- 1,492 U tumor necrosis factor-alpha per milliliter) and reduced nitric oxide synthesis as measured by plasma nitrite and nitrate (352 +/- 69 mumol/L). Polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha also reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic enzyme release (428 +/- 33 IU AST/L; 16.0 +/- 2.5 IU ornithine carbamoyltransferase per liter). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, also decreased plasma nitrite and nitrate (104 +/- 9 mumol/L) but increased the lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury (797 +/- 66 IU AST/L; 33.1 +/- 2.1 IU ornithine carbamoyltransferase per liter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A very low-complexity multi-resolution prediction-based wavelet transform method for medical image compression

Wavelet based lossless compression techniques have been popular for medical image compression due to a number of features, like multi-resolution representation, progressive transmission and high compression ratios. As decoding time is of paramount importance in medical applications, low complexity wavelets would be preferred for fast decoding and retrieval of data from picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) enabling quicker diagnosis and higher productivity of the physician. We propose a novel image compression system that claims extremely low complexity, in fact lower than the Haar wavelet, and at the same time providing higher compression ratios. The high pixel-to-pixel correlation inherent in medical images is first exploited by the application of differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) followed by a modified version of the Haar wavelet applied in an incomplete fashion. We report extensive results (first-order entropy estimates) on a large database of medical images.
Reconciling Care and Control: Authority in Classroom Relationships:

One of the central ethical tensions that novice teachers face is how to care for their students while establishing and maintaining control. The author portrays one student teacher's intentions to care and control, analyzes the student teacher's caring actions, and proposes that teacher educators and prospective teachers have a responsibility to under stand the tensions and connections of caring and controlling. He describes some con straints on student teachers' power to care, examines how legitimate authority is estab lished, and concludes with a commentary about the ethical responsibilities of teacher educators.
Ventricular myocytes are not terminally differentiated in the adult mammalian heart

Primary cultures of various cell types contain dividing and nondividing cells.1 2 However, nondividing cells can rest in the G phase and reenter the cell cycle on stimulation3 4 5 or become terminally differentiated and die without dividing.6 This third category of cells is not dormant in G and cannot reenter the cell cycle.6 For example, such a phenomenon is present in vivo at the tip of the villi of the small intestine,7 in the auditory hair cells of the ear,8 and in the upper layers of the epidermis.9 In contrast, hepatocytes in vivo are in a G state,10 11 12 and after partial hepatectomy or severe injury, liver regeneration is accomplished by proliferation of mature hepatocytes as well as biliary epithelial cells and fenestrated endothelial cells.12 The reconstitution of liver mass is not dependent on a reserve of stem cells, which condition regeneration of bone marrow13 and skin.14 Multipotential cells have also been identified in the central nervous system, but their ability to grow, differentiate, and ultimately survive has been problematic.15 In skeletal muscle, satellite cells can be stimulated to proliferate and develop into mature myocytes, representing an additional form of tissue regeneration.16 17 18 These mechanisms of cellular growth have not been considered possible in adult cardiac myocytes, and the concept was advanced that no proliferation of ventricular muscle cells occurs once cell division has ceased, shortly after birth in the mammalian heart.19 The dogma was introduced that adult cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated cells and, therefore, cannot be recalled into the cell cycle.20 21 These cells are not in G, cannot be triggered into the proliferative phase, but can perform their physiological functions, undergo cellular hypertrophy, and …
Compact spectrometer based on focusing superprism effect in photonic crystals for integrated sensing applications

Compact spectrometers are one of important building blocks needed in implementing optical lab-on-a-chip sensing devices. Photonic crystal superprism demultiplexers due to their unique and strong dispersion properties are proper candidates for realizing such integrated spectrometers. We use a recently demonstrated device idea, i.e., focusing superprism photonic crystal demultiplexers, to implement an integrated compact spectrometer that can be used in sensing applications. In this device, a diffraction compensation scheme is used to cancel the broadening of the optical beam throughout the structure, which significantly improves the resolution of the device (compared to the conventional superprism demultiplexers). In addition, by designing the photonic crystal in negative refraction regime, stray and unwanted portions of the input signal are filtered out inside the structure and this improves the output signal-to-noise ratio. A least-square algorithm is used to extract the spectrum of the signal from measured output power at different channels.
Next-to-leading order QCD calculations with parton showers II: soft singularities

Programs that calculate observables in quantum chromodynamics at next-to-leading order typically generate events that consist of partons rather than hadrons---and just a few partons at that. These programs would be much more useful if the few partons were turned into parton showers, which could be given to one of the Monte Carlo event generators to produce hadron showers. In a previous paper, we have seen how to generate parton showers related to the final state collinear singularities of the perturbative calculation for the example of ${e}^{+}{+e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3$ jets. This paper discusses the treatment of the soft singularities.
On Time Varying Undirected Graphs

The time-varying multivariate Gaussian distribution and the undirected graph associated with it, as introduced in Zhou et al. (2008), provide a useful statistical framework for modeling complex dynamic networks. In many application domains, it is of high importance to estimate the graph structure of the model consistently for the purpose of scientific discovery. In this paper, we show that under suitable technical conditions, the structure of the undirected graphical model can be consistently estimated in the high dimensional setting, when the dimensionality of the model is allowed to diverge with the sample size. The model selection consistency is shown for the procedure proposed in Zhou et al. (2008) and for the modified neighborhood selection procedure of Meinshausen and ,
Generalized Dundurs Parameters and the Bimaterial Anisotropic Interfacial Crack

The effect of elastic constants on stress fields in an anisotropic bimaterial composite is investigated. Two real matrices are the only bimaterial parameters needed to describe the stress fields for problems wherein tractions are prescribed at the outer boundary. Two convenient bimaterial matrices for the anisotropic bimaterial case are proposed, which are an extension of Dundurs parameters to the anisotropic bimaterial. Complete stress and displacement fields near the tip of a crack between two dissimilar anisotropic linear elastic homogeneous media are obtained in terms of the generalized Dundurs parameters, based on the complex function theory. A subinterface crack paralleling an interface between two dissimilar orthotropic solids is also analyzed. When the distance between the interface and crack is small compared to all other in-plane lengths, a universal relation between stress intensity factors of the subinterface crack and the stress intensity factors of the corresponding interface crack is obtained, with only one parameter undetermined, which is then extracted from solutions of an integral equation. A perturbation solution of the integral equation for small generalized Dundurs parameters is obtained. A complete form of stress and electric displacement fields in the vicinity of the tip of an interfacial crack, between two dissimilar anisotropic piezoelectric media, is also derived. New definitions of real-valued stress and electric displacement intensity factors for the piezoelectric interfacial crack are proposed.
Modeling of needle insertion forces for robot-assisted percutaneous therapy

Force information from needle insertions was measured and modeled for use in robot-assisted percutaneous therapies. Data was collected on bovine livers using the Johns Hopkins University Steady Hand Robot, and modeled in three parts: force due to capsule stiffness, friction, and cutting. Capsule stiffness is modeled by a nonlinear spring model, friction by a modified Karnopp model, and cutting by the remaining forces, which appear to be constant for a given tissue sample. During robot-assisted procedures, real-time force data can be compared to these models to control puncture of interior structures.
Volatility and the institutional investor

Inconsistent with the relationship predicted by most academic theory, a positive contemporaneous association is documented between the level of institutional ownership and security return volatility after accounting for capitalization. This relationship is consistent with two stories: Either riskier securities attract institutional investors, or an increase in institutional holdings results in an increase in volatility. These empirical results are consistent with the latter interpretation.
Validation and Comparison of Two Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy-Based Carbon Dioxide Sensors for Bottled Wine

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the applicability of two different carbon dioxide sensors with respect to the wine and bottling production fields. The instruments considered use gas-phase carbon dioxide detection through absorption spectroscopy. The applicability of this method was examined to extract measurements of dissolved carbon dioxide in the liquid phase and the sample pressure. Limitations of these measurements are discussed.
New media: online fandom

Online media is a boon to fandom. It provides mountains of information for the devout follower, while it also provides the opportunity to create and share content. The internet allows fans to transcend geographical barriers to form communities that could not otherwise exist. One particular group of A.S. Roma fans show how fans can use the ‘placeless' internet to invigorate a connection to place. They use their website in conjunction with meeting at the stadium and at other places in real life. The website provides the glue to their geographically dispersed set of Romans. The web is another tool that serves the social needs of fans.
Centrosomes are multifunctional regulators of genome stability

The maintenance of genome stability is critical for proper cell function, and loss of this stability contributes to many human diseases and developmental disorders. Therefore, cells have evolved partially redundant mechanisms to monitor and protect the genome. One subcellular organelle implicated in the maintenance of genome stability is the centrosome, best known as the primary microtubule organizing center of most animal cells. Centrosomes serve many different roles throughout the cell cycle, and many of those roles, including mitotic spindle assembly, nucleation of the interphase microtubule array, DNA damage response, and efficient cell cycle progression, have been proposed to help maintain genome stability. As a result, the centrosome is itself a highly regulated entity. Here, we review evidence concerning the significance of the centrosome in promoting genome integrity. Recent advances permitting acute and persistent centrosome removal suggest we still have much to learn regarding the specific function and actual importance of centrosomes in different contexts, as well as how cells may compensate for centrosome dysfunction to maintain the integrity of the genome. Although many animal cells survive and proliferate in the absence of centrosomes, they do so aberrantly. Based on these and other studies, we conclude that centrosomes serve as critical, multifunctional organelles that promote genome stability.
Peak Input Torque Minimization of a Flapping Wing Mechanism for MAVs

Flapping wing micro air vehicles (MAVs) are desired for surveillance and reconnaissance in confined spaces, and should exhibit small scale flight with the following abilities: obstacle avoidance, hovering, and slow flight speed. One of the major components of MAVs is the flapping mechanism, which actuates wings to generate sufficient lift and propulsion force. The use of compliant elements in flapping wing MAVs is a possible solution to the decreased power transmission inherently present in the scaling of traditional rigid body mechanisms. To demonstrate the effectiveness of compliant elements, an extension spring and compliant joint were incorporated into the University of Maryland’s Small Bird MAV. The motor torque was derived in terms of the rigid body mechanics, and compliant parameters optimized using an interior point algorithm to minimize the peak motor torque throughout the flapping cycle. Under the assumption of constant aerodynamic load on the wings, the extension spring and compliant joint mechanisms resulted in a 89.25% and a 97.1% reduction in the motor torque from the rigid body mechanism, respectively. To validate this analytical solution, the mechanisms were modeled in MSC Software’s ADAMS simulation engine.
Mental models of organic weed management: Comparison of New England US farmer and expert models

Weeds are a major challenge for organic farmers, yet we know little about the factors influencing organic farmers’ weed management decisions. We hypothesized that farmers and scientist ‘experts’ differ in fundamental areas of knowledge and perceptions regarding weeds and weed management. Moreover, these differences prevent effective communication, outreach programming and research prioritization. An expert mental model, constructed primarily from interviews with research scientists and extension professionals, revealed expert emphasis on knowledge of ecological weed management as crucial for successfully implementing such strategies. We interviewed 23 organic farmers in northern New England, yielding an aggregate farmer mental model to compare with the expert model. Farmers demonstrated knowledge of the major concepts discussed by experts, but differed in emphasis. Farmers placed less emphasis on ecological complexity than experts. One-third of farmers interviewed discussed the potential role of weeds as indicators of soil nutrient status, a concept of which experts were skeptical. Farmer beliefs about the weed seedbank highlighted potential misconceptions regarding seed persistence, with one-fourth of farmers focusing on the concept that seeds can live for an exceptionally long time in the soil, while experts focused on the concept of the seed half-life. Farmers emphasized the role of experience, both their own and that of other farmers, rather than knowledge derived from scientific research. Farmers considered yield and the cost of time and labor as equally at risk because of weeds, whereas experts predominantly discussed yield loss. During discussions of management, both farmers and experts most emphasized risks associated with cultivation and benefits associated with cover cropping. These results have prompted us, first, to develop new educational materials focused on weed seed longevity and management of the weed seedbank, and, second, to conduct regional focus groups with farmers who prioritize fertility management in their efforts to control weeds, especially manipulations of soil calcium and magnesium.
Roles for Pharmacy Technicians in Community Pharmacy Practice Accreditation

Objective:To review community pharmacy accreditation and identify opportunities for pharmacy technicians to help community pharmacies meet accreditation standards.Data Sources:Articles were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed (2001–2012) using search terms designed to locate English-language articles describing the role of the pharmacy technician, community pharmacy accreditation, and health care reform. Additionally, resources on community pharmacy accreditation and health care reform were used from the Institutes of Medicine, American Pharmacists Association, Council on Credentialing in Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacy Practice Accreditation, and Utilization Review Accreditation Commission.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Articles describing the role of the pharmacy technician, community pharmacy accreditation, and health care reform were included.Data Synthesis:Pharmacy technicians can help community pharmacies meet accreditation standards by taking on specific roles under 5 main domains: practice manage...
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND NONFATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

A study of the relathonship between alcohol consumption and nonfatal myocardial infarction, involving 399 cases and 2486 reference subjects, indicated absence of any major overall association (rate ratio point estimate of 0.9 with 95% confidence limits of 0.6 and 1.2), but there was some evidence of a lower rate in subjects consuming six or more drinks per day (rate ratio point estimate of 0.6 with 95% confidence limits of 0.3 and 1.1). Confounding by several potential confounders was controlled by stratification according to a confounder-summarizing score.
Leakage Flow Control-based Leading Edge Blade Tip Machined Design of an Axial Flow Compressor

To control the blade tip leakage flow and enlarge the stability margin of a compressor,presented was a method for machining the blade tip at the leading edge.A high-energy fluid was introduced from the blade tip clearance at the leading edge and the turning direction of the leakage flow was controlled by the inertia of the incoming flow.A numerical method was adopted to study the influence of nine leading edge blade tip machined structures on the performance of the rotor at various rotating speeds.With an aim to increase the stability margin,an optimized design was performed of the blade tip machined structure.It has been found that with an incoming flow introduced from the leading edge blade tip clearance,the leading edge blade tip machining can lower the return flow extent of the leakage flow,thus decreasing the blocking extent of the passage.Under the premises of the total pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency keeping constant,the stability margin of the rotor was increased by 2% and 3% at the high and low rotating speed respectively.There exists an optimum blade tip machining extent at which a relatively big increment of the stability margin can be obtained by the rotor at various rotating speeds.
Tracks in the Snow

In 2000, Subhankar Banerjee set out for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to photograph polar bears in a “place untrammeled by tourism or industry” (Banerjee, 2008). This paper explores a number of threads regarding Banerjee’s artistic journey from descriptive to interpretive work, including the role of politics in Banerjee’s evolution as an artist and environmental activist and comparisons of his different publications over time. Along with providing context for Banerjee’s work, this paper investigates the unique avenues through which Banerjee’s photography challenges the traditional paradigm of a pristine wilderness by reconceiving its spacial representations in exhibitions and books highlighting the presence of humans in the Arctic. Research was primarily conducted through an analysis of both photographic and textual elements of Banerjee’s publications and a conversation with Banerjee.
Das Erlebnis des Marschalls von Bassompierre: Hofmannsthals Nacherzählung Verglichen Mit Goethes Text

(1943). Das Erlebnis des Marschalls von Bassompierre. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 58-70.
A Human Rights-Based Approach to Farmworker Health: An Overarching Framework to Address the Social Determinants of Health

Migrant and seasonal workers have a right to the highest attainable standard of health. Unfortunately, these farmworkers face a multitude of challenges. They are employed in one of the most dangerous industries and face serious occupational health risks, while positioned at the bottom of the social hierarchy. They often lack formal education and training, English language proficiency, legal status, access to information, and equitable opportunities to health and healthcare. This article will explore the international human rights conventions that support farmworkers' right to health and healthcare in the United States. International human rights may provide a valuable legal framework that could be used to advocate on behalf of farmworkers and address the social determinants of health. Therefore, a Human Rights-Based Approach to Farmworker health will be presented along with recommendations for how to advance health and access to healthcare among this population. Fostering the health and well-being of migrant and seasonal farmworkers is critical to advancing equity, social justice, and maintaining the workforce required to meet production needs and safeguard the economic competitiveness of the industry.
Improved Health-Related Quality of Life in a Phase 3 Islet Transplantation Trial in Type 1 Diabetes Complicated by Severe Hypoglycemia.

OBJECTIVE Attaining glycemic targets without severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs) is a challenging treatment goal for patients with type 1 diabetes complicated by impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH). The CIT Consortium Protocol 07 (CIT-07) trial showed islet transplantation to be an effective treatment for subjects with IAH and intractable SHEs. We evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQOL), functional health status, and health utility before and after pancreatic islet transplantation in CIT-07 trial participants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four surveys, the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), the Hypoglycemic Fear Survey (HFS), the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and the EuroQoL 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), were administered repeatedly before and after islet transplantation. Summary statistics and longitudinal modeling were used to describe changes in survey scores from baseline and to characterize change in relation to a minimally important difference (MID) threshold of half an SD. RESULTS Improvements in condition-specific HRQOL met the MID threshold. Reductions from baseline in the DDS total score and its four DDS subscales (all P ≤ 0.0013) and in the HFS total score and its two subscales (all P CONCLUSIONS In CIT-07, 87.5% of the subjects achieved the primary end point of freedom from SHE along with glycemic control (HbA1c
Induction techniques for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing noncardiac procedures are influenced by cardiac functional status and residual lesion burden.

Abstract Study objective Appropriate agent selection in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery and catheterization have been extensively reviewed in the literature. To date, there has not been an analysis of induction drug choices made in a large group of CHD patients undergoing non-cardiac procedures and intraoperative events. The primary objective was to characterize induction agent selection in CHD patients undergoing non-cardiac procedures and examine its association with intraoperative events. Design Retrospective chart review analysis. Setting A single center study. Patients Children with CHD who underwent non-cardiac procedures. Intervention/measurement Using the electronic preoperative anesthesia evaluation form we identified 2966 cases performed under general anesthesia. We examined the association between patient characteristics (ASA PS and CHD severity) and induction drugs using multinominal logistic regression test. We also examined the association of induction drugs with intraoperative adverse events using Fisher exact test. Main results Inhalational and intravenous inductions were conducted in 35.7% and 64.3% of general anesthesia cases, respectively. Sevoflurane was the main inhalation induction drug. Propofol was used as the induction agent in 54.3% of cases, while etomidate, midazolam/fentanyl, and ketamine were used as the induction agent in 18.3% 16.6%, and 10.1% of cases, respectively. ASA PS and CHD severity predicted induction drugs better than single ventricle status or ventricular function. Intraoperative inotrope use was seen more frequently in cases induced by ketamine, etomidate or opioids over sevoflurane or propofol. Conclusions Patients with higher ASA classes and CHD of more severity tend to be induced more with etomidate, ketamine or opioids over sevoflurane or propofol. Use of etomidate, ketamine or opioids was more associated with inotrope use, but there was not significant difference in respiratory events among different induction agents. Causative association needs to be examined in the future.
Balancing more than backpacks: Communitarian ideas applied to educational expeditions

This paper examines the viability of using a communitarian framework within outdoor education practice, specifically in order to address the tension between individual rights and social responsibility that is frequently found on overnight (or multi-day) educational expeditions. The setting of educational expeditions offers rich potential for exploring concepts of how the expression of rights generates claims upon others and how an assumption of rights presumes certain responsibilities. The implications of utilising a communitarian framework in outdoor education is examined through the analysis of two educational expedition scenarios. The paper concludes that a communitarian framework, particularly the concepts of rights and responsibilities and the establishment of shared values, can be useful for facilitating discussion around the often messy and complex area of interpersonal dynamics on educational expeditions. In addition, the direct parallels between an expedition experience and society at large, viewed through a communitarian lens, offers educational relevance beyond the outdoor education experience.
Exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder in people who stutter: An exploratory multiple baseline design.

Abstract Background & objectives: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating condition, and approximately half of adults who stutter have SAD. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise in decreasing social anxiety symptoms among adults who stutter, but exposure, arguably the essential component for successful CBT for SAD, has been understudied and underemphasized. Aims of this study were to develop an exposure therapy protocol designed specifically for people who stutter and have SAD and evaluate its potential efficacy in reducing social anxiety and stuttering severity using a multiple baseline design. Methods: Six participants received ten sessions of exposure therapy. Participants reported daily social anxiety, and social distress and stuttering severity were evaluated at major assessment points. Results: There were substantial reductions in social anxiety and considerable improvements in affective, behavioral, and cognitive experiences of stuttering. No consistent change was observed for stuttering frequency. Gains were mostly maintained after six-months. Conclusions: Results suggest that the novel exposure approach may decrease social distress, but not necessarily influence speech fluency. These findings underscore the importance of the assessment and treatment of SAD among adults who stutter and suggest that the integration of care between clinical psychologists and speech-language pathologists may prove beneficial for this population.
Capped antithrombin III dosing is cost effective in the management of asparaginase‐associated thrombosis

Asparaginase therapy induces a transient antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency, which contributes to the risk of asparaginase-induced thrombosis. At Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, management of asparaginase-induced thrombosis includes ATIII supplementation during therapeutic anticoagulation with enoxaparin. Due to the expense associated with ATIII, a capped dosing approach for ATIII was evaluated in this population. Peak ATIII levels were obtained following capped doses to evaluate response. In this pilot evaluation, 11 patients received a total of 138 capped doses for a total cost savings of $803 782. This pilot evaluation represents the first reported analysis of capped ATIII dosing in oncology patients.
Sylvie Kandé’s poetic remapping of the Atlantic

The Atlantic has long been depicted as a triangle, an area bounded by Africa, America, and Europe whose contours were first established by the slave trade. This is not the case in Sylvie Kande’s La...